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  <row Id="1" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="192" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:02:48.790" Score="11" ViewCount="1318" Body="&lt;p&gt;WAR (wins above replacement) is a statistic that is often used to describe the value of a baseball player's performance in a given year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this statistic determined?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What are the differences between WAR as defined by the two major providers (fangraphs and baseball-referenced)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T14:38:47.603" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T14:38:47.603" Title="How is WAR defined as a baseball statistic?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:11:02.963" Score="55" ViewCount="10315" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rule on the pitch is often unclear and called suddenly. How do I know if a player is offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-26T00:53:17.457" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T07:03:51.450" Title="How is offside determined in football?" Tags="|football|rules|officiating|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:13:01.383" Score="20" ViewCount="861" Body="&lt;p&gt;I, like most runners, tend to focus more on training and forget that some strength exercises are required to reach your performance peak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some good exercises that you can do at home without gym equipment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T10:50:12.667" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T11:54:56.093" Title="What are some good strength exercises for marathon runners?" Tags="|running|training|marathon|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:14:16.773" Score="15" ViewCount="4876" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a defense is facing a tough situation with no timeouts left, it is difficult to stop the clock. Your options are very limited - you hope the offense passes and you can bat it down, or you hope you can push your opponent out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are very close to the goal line, there is little to be lost in terms of yardage, especially compared to what is gained from stopping the clock (namely, more time for your team to score next).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you simply line up, encroach, and get a penalty for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T15:59:44.853" LastActivityDate="2016-10-02T06:53:54.377" Title="As a defensive lineman, can I intentionally encroach to stop the clock?" Tags="|american-football|rules|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:14:39.513" Score="29" ViewCount="33490" Body="&lt;p&gt;In other running related question there is often made use of abbreviations like PB, PR, HR, VO2 etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know what PB means (Personal Best), but what do the others mean and what other examples are there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2014-01-01T19:38:58.663" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T19:38:58.663" Title="What do all these Runners Lingo abbreviations like PR and HR mean?" Tags="|running|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:16:59.117" Score="16" ViewCount="7521" Body="&lt;p&gt;Triathlon is the sport (three sports, typically swim - bike - run, though Winterlude in Ottawa does Ice Skate, Cross Country Ski, Run).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironman is the distance.  2.4 Mile (3.8K) swim, 112 mile (180.2K) bike, and a marathon 26.2 mile run (42.2K). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of these distances?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="17749" LastEditDate="2019-08-02T14:25:47.460" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T14:25:47.460" Title="What is the origin of the specific distances in Ironman triathlon?" Tags="|trivia|history|triathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:19:34.823" Score="27" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Technical Terms&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VO2 = VO2 Max, Maximum volume of oxygen (O2) that can be absorbed by the body&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LSD = Long Slow Distance run&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HR = Heart Rate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HRMAX = Maximum Heart Rate, useful to get 60% and 85% values for training effect &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RHR = Resting Heart Rate &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Records&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OR = Olympic Record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WR = World Record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NR = National Record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CR = Competition Record/Commonwealth record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PR = Personal Record (Others might use PB for Personal Best)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PW = Personal Worst&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DFL = Dead freaking last, a proud and honoured tradition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNF = Did Not Finish&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNS = Did not start&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNQ = Did not qualify&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2012-10-22T14:54:24.300" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T14:54:24.300" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:20:29.270" Score="-1" ViewCount="9062" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sitting front row at the 50 yard line gives a spectator an intense (and expensive) view of a small focal point of an American football field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sitting higher up gives a spectator a better overall field view, but keeps a fan from enjoying the full violence of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sitting in the corner gives a great view of a single endzone, but the opposite endzone can appear a mile away, and your team (presuming you have one) will only score in that endzone during a single half (which a ticket buyer cannot predict prior to the coinflip).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With all this in mind, what seat in the average American football stadium offers the best overall view? What about best view for one's buck?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-08T20:56:01.457" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T22:18:25.963" Title="What seat is the best overall seat in an American football stadium?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-02-09T02:40:40.833" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:22:40.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to help ref soccer games when I was younger and the way I was taught to call the off-sides penalty was that if the player on offense was beyond the last defender (goalie doesn't count obviously) &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the ball was also beyond the last defender, then the player is off-sides. Some people (myself included) think the way it should be called is that the player on offense needs to be even with the defender, but should be allowed to pursue the ball as soon as it is passed to them, regardless of their position relative to the other teams defensive players. In other words - let one players speed and instinct give them an advantage - rather than a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:22:40.287" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:23:52.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hopefully the marathon distance should be obvious: it's a standard distance in athletics, although its actual length (42.2km, 26.2 miles) is irregular. The distance originally varied, in the neighborhood of 24-25 miles, but became standardized after the 1908 London Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:23:52.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:24:32.393" Score="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_%28association_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on &quot;offside&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is very comprehensive and largely based on the official IFAB Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the article, what it is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Offside is a law in football which states that if a player is in an offside position when the ball is touched or played by a teammate, he may not become actively involved in the play. A player is in an offside position if he is closer to the opponent's goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last defender (which is usually the last outfield player), but only if the player is on his opponent's half of the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How it is officiated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In enforcing this rule, the referee depends greatly on an assistant referee, who generally keeps in line with the second-to-last defender, the ball, or the halfway line, whichever is closer to the goal line of his relevant end. An assistant referee signals that an offside offence has occurred by first raising his or her flag upright without movement and then, when acknowledged by the referee, by raising his or her flag in a manner that signifies the location of the offence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in my own simple words, you determine an offside by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At the time when the ball is played (pass or kick down the field) note where the second last defender (usually the last defender as the goalkeeper is usually furthest back of any, but not always!) of the defending team is and where is the player(s) of the offending team (who are involved in the play*) are further down the field from the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Draw a line parallel to the base line (goal line) of the pitch through the said players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you see that the line going through an offending player who is about to receive the ball is closer to the goal than the line going through the last defender, and that line is in the defending half, then it is an offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;by &quot;involved in the play&quot; we mean that they are likely to either receive the ball as a result of the pass in question or are able to influence the outcome of the play in some other way. A player would not be considered involved if he is on the other side of the pitch with the ball going away from him.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; for more info. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that there are a few exceptions when someone can be or not be offside. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a ball is brought back into play after it left the pitch, one can never be offside. So, one can never be offside after directly receiving a ball from a throw-in, goal kick, corner kick or a kick off (of which the latter two are rather trivial). From a (indirect) free kick one can be called offside, since the ball had not left the pitch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suppose someone shoots for goal while his teammate is in offside position. When the ball then returns from the post, the bar or even the goalkeeper and comes in the possession of the teammate, he is still offside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Offside is not bounded by the lines of the pitch. So, one can still be offside or prevent an opponent from being offside while being out of play. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/821/can-the-second-to-last-defender-cause-an-offside-by-leaving-the-field-of-play&quot;&gt;gbianchi's answer to this relevant question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="34" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-20T07:03:51.450" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T07:03:51.450" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:25:55.173" Score="50" ViewCount="2934" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why exactly was Geoffrey Mutai's 2:03:02 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Boston_Marathon&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston (2011)&lt;/a&gt; not deemed the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_world_record_progression&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;marathon World Record&lt;/a&gt; at the time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="11913" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T20:53:08.363" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T20:53:08.363" Title="Why was the marathon World Record not 2:03:02 in 2011?" Tags="|running|records|marathon|road-running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:26:14.660" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/7_Rule4_Game_Timing.pdf&quot;&gt;No.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 7.1 Actions to Conserve Time - Illegal Acts (from the bold section below marked Penalty):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If  the action  is by  the defense,  the play clock will be  reset  to 40 seconds, and  the game clock will &#xA;  start on the ready signal, unless the offense chooses to have the clock start on the snap. If the &#xA;  defense has  timeouts  remaining,  it will have  the option of using a  timeout  in  lieu of  the game &#xA;  clock being started.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The end result of this will be far worse than the play being started. By preventing the snap you could cause an additional 40 seconds to run off the game clock (because the offense may choose to have the clock start at the ready signal). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the same document states (7.3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 3 - In the last 40 seconds of either half, if there is a defensive foul prior to the snap while time is in, the&#xA;  half will end, unless the defense has timeouts remaining, or the offense chooses to have the Game Clock&#xA;  start on the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall this is an unworkable strategy. Your best bet at this point of the game is to force a turnover or hope there is enough time left for a turnover on downs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-02-08T20:31:21.157" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:31:21.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:32:16.750" Score="13" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you practice basketball zone defence with less than 10 people available? &#xA;I understand that you can put 5 on defence and the rest available in offence but it simply would not produce as much movement in the offence to really practice good one movement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a good technique to simulating/compensating for missing offence players? (E.g. is it possible to get 3 offence players to make offence plays on one side of the court first then switch to the other side?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference to some professional materials (books etc.) would be much appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="34" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T16:45:52.180" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T02:33:02.410" Title="Is it possible to effectively practice zone defence in basketball if you don't have 10 people?" Tags="|basketball|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="19" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:34:45.320" Score="7" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an ice hockey goalie, I find it a bit hard to determine the correct length for my stick while at the store. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often find myself trying a few different lengths and even after buying it I'm questioning my decision. While I generally have never picked one that is absurdly longer or shorter that affects me during a game, I can't help but feel like I may at times have chosen incorrectly and could be putting myself at a slight disadvantage that could be affecting my posture and position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to determine what is a correct length or perhaps a &quot;checklist&quot; I should go through while at the store to make sure I've chosen a proper length for my stick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T10:54:41.990" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T10:54:41.990" Title="Determining Goalie Stick Length" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="20" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:35:56.303" Score="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;Due to the fact that the Boston course is a net downhill in excess of the limit allowed by the world record setting body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His time is recognized as the fastest marathon ever...but not the world record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:35:56.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="21" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:37:01.090" Score="14" ViewCount="29148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have extremely flat feet, to the point that any arch in a shoe is painful. There is no orthotic or other insert that has an arch that helps because my foot is completely flat; arches actually give me pain. I have no back pain or other problems whatsoever from having flat feet my whole life (from birth, in other words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I've noticed when buying ice hockey skates that they all have arches basically molded into the boot and after about ten minutes of skating, my feet just plain ache. If I skate or play for an hour or more, I have such extreme pain that my I can't stand for about 15 minutes. I recently purchased a wide skate that appears to have very little arch support (yea!) but they still give me aching pain after about 30 minutes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any ice skate or advice for a person such as myself with extremely flat feet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="41" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T07:25:09.413" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:14:07.587" Title="Ice Hockey Skates for People With Flat Feet" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="22" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:39:15.440" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the National Football League (NFL), there is a potential 40-second runoff of the game clock inside of one minute of either half&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULE 4, SECTION 7, ARTICLE 1. a. If the action is by the defense, the play clock will be reset to 40 seconds, and the game clock will start on the ready signal, unless the offense chooses to have the clock start on the snap. If the defense has timeouts remaining, it will have the option of using a timeout in lieu of the game clock being started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/7_Rule4_Game_Timing.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 4  Game Timing &lt;/a&gt; (page 20).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), there is an automatic 10-second run-off from the game clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULE 3, SECTION 4, ARTICLE 4. a. With the game clock running and less than one minute remaining in either half, if a player of either team commits a foul that causes the clock to stop, the officials may subtract 10 seconds from the game clock at the option of the offended team. The fouls that fall in this category include but are not limited to:&#xA;  Any foul that prevents the snap (e.g., false start, &lt;strong&gt;encroachment&lt;/strong&gt;, defensive &#xA;  offside by contact in the neutral zone, etc.);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR12.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2011 AND 2012 NCAA® FOOTBALL RULES AND INTERPRETATIONS&lt;/a&gt; (page FR-52).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-02T06:53:54.377" LastActivityDate="2016-10-02T06:53:54.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="23" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:40:26.047" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's that big of a deal for you, I'd bring my skates with me, to be honest. As a defenseman, I've just gotten used to the size I need, although it changes based on the manufacturer of the blade (some blades are taller than others and affect the overall height), but that bit of randomness isn't big enough to bother me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think the biggest deal for you as a goalie would be the lie of the stick, and that shouldn't change once you've decided which fits you the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="41" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:40:26.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="24" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:43:56.713" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The distances were originally copied from three existing races.  There was already a 2.4 mile swim race, and a bike race with a similar distance, and of course the marathon.  The thought was &quot;what if we did all three?&quot;&#xA;More here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironman_Triathlon&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironman_Triathlon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T20:43:56.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="25" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="75" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:43:58.713" Score="12" ViewCount="1479" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you &quot;bail&quot; on a snowboard a multitude of nasty things can happen due to the facts that you are strapped to the board and that the board is great at catching snow with its edges. So you may end up tumbling, twisting your joints and spraining muscles in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The question is&lt;/strong&gt;: once you realised you are destined to fall what is the effective way of minimising the risk of serious injury (or simply minimising the risk of tumbling and/or stopping in an awkward position with a twisted knee)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One things I saw and tried is to rotate onto your back as soon as possible and slide on your back while lifting the feet with the board up to avoid catching the snow and causing a tumble. Is this safe? How could you get into such position quickly? Is there a better approach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And please, don't tell me not to fall - I already try not to :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bonus&lt;/em&gt;: Is there a good technique to quickly recover from a fall? I.e. use the residual momentum of to get up and get going again quickly (if you aren't hurt of course)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="34" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T06:24:51.710" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T05:51:00.123" Title="What is the safe technique of coming out of a fall on a snowboard?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|injuries|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="26" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:45:10.963" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me core training is very central. Your core muscles includes all the main muscle groups in you torso and increasing the strength of these will not only help with your running but also with all sorts of back problems if you have a desk job like me. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/abdominalcorestrength1/a/NewCore.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;about.com&lt;/a&gt; for a pretty good introduction to core training. Very few core exercises requires any equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-03-01T11:53:16.473" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T11:53:16.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:47:03.277" Score="19" ViewCount="38569" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having the damnedest time learning to &quot;hockey stop&quot; on ice. I used to play a lot of roller hockey when I was younger and started to learn to ice skate and played a very little bit when I was in college but due to certain factors, stopped. Now I am attempting to pick it up again but I cannot learn to stop for the life of me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have gone over this video of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIdr6KOX8uQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;How To Hockey Stop for Beginners! (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt; numerous times. While it really is the best beginner tutorial I've ever seen (and I've seen them all), I can't get my skate to shave ice like he says in basically step 1. Are my skates too sharp (they're brand-new)? Am I too heavy (I'm about 230lbs) for the depth of the skate sharpening I have? Is there some movement that's become so ingrained that he forgot to mention it? I can't even turn my foot the way it looks like he does in the video (though I can turn them enough to turn my body). Any help appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="41" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-08-28T03:52:10.963" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T06:22:42.450" Title="How do you correctly learn how to hockey stop" Tags="|technique|ice-hockey|skating|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="28" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="59" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:49:14.300" Score="12" ViewCount="794" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that currently America is one of the only countries that uses the term &quot;soccer&quot; to refer to what the rest of the world calls &quot;football&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What caused the Americans to start using this term instead of &quot;football&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T02:04:16.183" Title="Where did the term &quot;soccer&quot; originate?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-02-09T06:43:34.190" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="29" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15" CreationDate="2012-02-08T20:51:46.847" Score="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;The course for the Boston Marathon does not meet two of the criteria necessary for ratification of world or American records:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The start and finish points of a course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.&quot; [i.e., 13.1 miles (21.1 km) for the ~26.2 mile (~42.2 km) marathon distance]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed an average of one in a thousand, i.e. 1m per km.&quot; [i.e., 42.2 m for the ~42.2 km marathon distance]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Boston course has an endpoint about 24.3 miles (39 km) from the start point, and the endpoint is also 459 feet (139 m) lower than the start point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastEditorUserId="37" LastEditDate="2012-02-08T21:04:56.063" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:04:56.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="30" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="92" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:01:51.087" Score="13" ViewCount="666" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have access to a treadmill, and living in the Northeast during the winter time I generally prefer to run indoors from December through about March. I do occasional long runs, but the goal of my weekday treadmill runs is to keep up my conditioning and perhaps work on some speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been running intervals one day a week to vary my workouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The treadmill I use has an interval setting with &quot;jog&quot; and &quot;run&quot; speeds, which I set to 6.0 and 7.0 miles per hour, respectively. I do a 35-minute workout in which the first five minutes are at the slower pace, run seven intervals spaced four minutes apart (1 minute run and 3 minute jog), then finish with two more minutes of jog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do this at work during lunch so increasing my total workout time really isn't an option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the safest and most effective way to progress? As far as I see it, I can&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increase my jog speed (in my case, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3... mi/hr)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increase my run speed (7.1, 7.2, 7.3... mi/hr)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increase my run times (e.g., run two minutes, jog two minutes keeping a four minute &quot;block&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Decrease the &quot;block&quot; time (e.g., run one minute, jog two minutes making a three minute block)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runners, what have you tried? And what does science say is best?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:33:56.170" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:33:56.170" Title="How to make running intervals more challenging as I improve?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="31" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:02:48.390" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you tried using a professionally made orthotic (not the one you buy in the store)? These are custom made for your foot and should give you the proper support so that you don't hurt while skating. Note that it takes your body a while to adjust to orthotics. Your doctor should give you a schedule for breaking them in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also a wide boot helps. I've always found that Bauer skates have much wider models available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="51" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:02:48.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="32" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="30" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:07:20.627" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't used the interval setting on a treadmill so I can't answer to that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I've usually found that running once around a track (400m or 1/4 mile) hard, walking 1 1/4 (100m) around the track and continuing that process for 'x' miles to be a success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'd probably recommend increasing your run times and run speed. You may find in doing so that you need to decrease your jog speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure that there is a scientific answer to this problem and if you ask 10-20 great runners, you'll probably get 5-10 varying opinions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastEditorUserId="50" LastEditDate="2012-02-08T21:29:37.730" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:29:37.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="33" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="259" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:11:59.763" Score="17" ViewCount="15583" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a beginner in windsurf, I have several sails from 4.7 to 7.5 meters sq.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find myself wondering how I can set the correct sail for the current wind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do we know what sail to use, and when to use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule of thumb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="53" LastEditorUserId="23408" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T19:57:10.153" LastActivityDate="2024-01-23T14:08:18.197" Title="How can I calculate the best sail size for the current wind?" Tags="|windsurfing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="34" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="30" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:17:01.583" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a scientific answer, but one from a lot of experience...&#xA;Don't run faster during your jog periods.  If you don't recover during these times, you won't perform optimally during your intervals.&#xA;Addressing the safety part: only change one aspect each workout.  So in your next run you might try running at a faster pace, but keep the durations constant.  Then next week, keep your pace at its new, faster rate, and bump up the durations a bit.  But running faster for a longer time is an invitation to injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:17:01.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="35" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="30" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:18:25.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have an interval setting that's working out for you, perhaps instead of trying to adjust it, you could adjust other factors at your disposal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an incline feature, causing you to be moving uphill? This will give you the ability to substantially increase your challenge over time. I grew up in a very hilly area and always found great pleasure and challenge in tackling the hills the long way up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to consider is that if this is just to keep up your conditioning, perhaps you shouldn't alter this run. Instead, focus on runs where you do have more flexibility and less time constraints. If this is on your lunch break, is a more challenging run going to interfere with your afternoon of work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:18:25.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="36" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="42" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:19:23.187" Score="-9" ViewCount="3269" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know I can set a treadmill at the quick start setting and just run. But, why can't I set a program or the manual setting (which calculates calories burned) to longer than 60 minutes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:34:14.157" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:34:14.157" Title="Why don't treadmills offer a manual setting of longer than 60 minutes?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-02-09T09:16:02.177" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="37" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:21:56.087" Score="3" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have used runtastic and Daily Mile and of course there is Garmin, but what mobile applications besides these are most popular for running and/or fitness and why? I'm looking to see what other features are out there that I don't have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T02:43:27.013" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T02:43:27.013" Title="What is the most popular running (and fitness) application for mobile devices?" Tags="|running|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="15" ClosedDate="2012-02-08T23:10:51.320" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="38" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="39" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:41:12.090" Score="37" ViewCount="3409" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XLVI&lt;/a&gt;, I noticed near the end of the game the New England Patriots allowed the New York Giants to score a touchdown uncontested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point in the game, the Patriots were winning with only a few seconds left in the game, but instead of trying to prevent the Giants from scoring, they allowed them to score and ended up losing the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a coach make this decision that would put his team in a position where they would most likely not be able to win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T17:27:32.337" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T17:27:32.337" Title="Why would you ever allow an opponent to score?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|coaching|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="39" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="38" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:45:57.923" Score="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;In that particular situation, the Patriots were allowing the Giants to score because of 2 important reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Giants were already in scoring position - well within field goal range and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Patriots only had a slim lead (2 points) - so a field goal from the Giants would mean they would be trailing and need to get the ball back and score again.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they allowed the Giants to score in order to get possession of the ball back ASAP to try and re-gain the lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:45:57.923" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="40" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="38" CreationDate="2012-02-08T21:46:49.313" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have great confidence in your players, and expect them to be able to make an equal score given enough time, then you may be willing to let your opponent score NOW so your team has more time for a score of their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously this is a very, &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; risky decision. If you happen to not score on that possession (as the Patriots did) you lose the game. The counter argument is if the opponent runs out the clock and kicks a field goal on the last play, you'll lose the game anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, the football community as a whole is divided on whether this was particular instance was a good decision or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T21:46:49.313" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="41" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10" CreationDate="2012-02-08T22:18:25.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As wax eagle stated, this is an extremely subjective question and really depends on what your'e there to see. That being said...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the average fan, I would say the best seat would be the 50 yard line, 10 to 20 rows back. It gives the centre location that will allow you to see as much of the potential play as possible, and the distance back from the field will allow you to have a better view of the field as the plays are executed, instead of the backs of the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T22:18:25.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="42" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="36" CreationDate="2012-02-08T22:29:39.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The treadmill has a max time limit. Usually it's 60 minutes.&#xA;Even if you hit quick start at 60 minutes it will stop the workout.&#xA;Read how to change that limit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/community/forums/shoes-stuff/treadmills/there-way-adjust-menu-life-fitness-treadmill&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T22:29:39.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="44" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="57" CreationDate="2012-02-08T22:34:49.500" Score="10" ViewCount="635" Body="&lt;p&gt;What gameplays do you use to attack a zone defense, and specially 2-1-2 type? And how do you work it in practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually practice it with game situation, but are there some exercises to develop team level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also appreciate if you have videos, articles or book to recommend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="65" LastEditorUserId="2" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T06:42:15.957" LastActivityDate="2012-04-25T05:58:53.417" Title="How to attack zone defense?" Tags="|basketball|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="45" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="38" CreationDate="2012-02-08T22:36:52.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as that decision that was made it was based on the clock game, confidence in your players, and a calculated risk.  If the Pats tried to hold the Giants to a field goal then sure the points gap would be smaller but so would the time on the clock.  Coach Belichick has great confidence in Tom Brady and, based on how quickly they have been moving down the field, just hoped that that full minute was enough to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="66" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T08:21:00.690" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T08:21:00.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="46" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2012-02-08T22:39:34.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.apple.com/ipod/nike/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nike+ iPod/iPhone app&lt;/a&gt;, which according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://investors.nikeinc.com/Theme/Nike/files/doc_financials/2012Q1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nike&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nike+ has 5 million users.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a number of Nike shoes that contain the requisite sensor/chip, and some third parties, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/polar-and-nike-introduce-heart-rate-training-to-millions-of-nike-runners-95766249.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Polar&lt;/a&gt;, have provided accessories that work with the Nike system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-08T22:39:34.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="47" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:00:43.907" Score="13" ViewCount="2336" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a serious athletic training issue that affects me and certain of my athletes: some swimmers are prone to ENT and respiratory infections such as in the ear, sinuses, throat and lungs.  Last year I only had 7 weeks to train before a 4.4mi open water swim because of pneumonia.  Given that even treated pool water can be a vector for bacteria, what can a swimmer do to help prevent infections?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="70" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T00:54:37.623" Title="Swimming and respiratory infections" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2017-06-28T07:21:13.987" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="48" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="66" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:02:37.650" Score="13" ViewCount="5128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for some type of training exercise or workout that will help my ball handling ability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that it is not a good idea to try to increase muscle mass, but instead try to work on your &quot;twitch muscles&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that being said, it seems like the most traditional workouts that you can buy or find at the gym are more geared toward creating muscle definition, building muscle mass, or losing weight. I'm not interested in that, I'm just interested in workouts that will most help my ball handling while playing basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allstaractivities.com/sports/basketball/Basketball-terminology.htm&quot;&gt;ball handling&lt;/a&gt;&quot; I'm referring to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;dribbling, passing, or receiving the ball &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T02:00:38.523" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T07:45:54.210" Title="Which workouts will most help my ball handling skills?" Tags="|basketball|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="50" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="303" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:15:19.130" Score="10" ViewCount="10708" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the things that I find myself not doing as well as I need to is keeping my eye on the ball. I am a tennis player but I am sure this could apply to other sports as well (baseball, football, racquetball, squash, cricket) that require players to keep their eye on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have heard of doing things like getting different colored markers and drawing colored shapes on the ball and continually trying to figure out what color the shape is on the ball - are there any other drills that could help in this area of focus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T23:43:08.107" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T17:52:33.283" Title="Recommended drills to help keep your eye on the ball?" Tags="|tennis|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="51" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:26:43.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the question is about recreational (as opposed to competitive) running, it should be asked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Physical Fitness&lt;/a&gt; instead of this site. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/641/why-has-a-question-on-swimming-technique-been-closed-as-off-topic&quot;&gt;this meta discussion&lt;/a&gt; for the reasoning behind this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-06T20:17:46.987" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T20:17:46.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="52" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:26:43.033" Score="0" Body="Questions about rules, equipment and training related to competitive running." OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-19T22:23:57.653" LastActivityDate="2012-02-19T22:23:57.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="53" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:37:43.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about swimming in a recreational or survival context are off-topic, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/641/&quot;&gt;this meta discussion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Competitive swimming is generally classed according to gender, the stroke or strokes employed, and the distance traveled. The four major strokes in competitive swimming, in order of their use in men's &quot;medley&quot; events (where swimmers perform each of the four strokes in one race), are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Butterfly - the swimmer faces down into the water and uses a simultaneous overhead circling arm motion, combined with a simultaneous straight-leg &quot;dolphin kick&quot;. Typically the most physically demanding stroke, requiring swimmers to literally launch their upper body out of the water to bring their arms forward, it is the first stroke of individual medleys or medley relays.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Backstroke - the swimmer faces up out of the water (on their back) and uses an alternating overhead arm stroke, similar to the crawl but in reverse, combined with an alternating straight-legged &quot;scissor kick&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Breaststroke - the swimmer faces down into the water and uses a simultaneous flat arm motion pushing forward through the water and then pulling back to the swimmer's sides, combined with a simultaneous bent-leg &quot;frog kick&quot;. Typically the slowest stroke (the men's world record 200m time is over two minutes, almost 30 seconds slower than the record 200m freestyle time) due to high drag and lack of a continuous propulsion motion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Crawl (Freestyle) - the swimmer faces down into the water and uses an alternating overhead circling arm motion to reach forward and push backward, combined with a &quot;scissor kick&quot;. Technically &quot;freestyle&quot; swimming events allow the swimmer to choose any stroke they like, but the crawl is almost universally chosen by swimmers in these events (as it is the fastest, by a margin of over 10 seconds over the backstroke or butterfly) and so has become synonymous with &quot;freestyle&quot;. This is the &quot;anchor&quot; or last leg of a medley event.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common race distances for adult swimmers are based on lengths of a 50m Olympic swimming pool (often called a &quot;long course&quot;), and include 50m, 100m and 200m individual events in all four strokes, 400m &quot;medleys&quot;, relays and individual freestyle events, 800m relays and individual freestyles, and 1600m individual &quot;endurance&quot; freestyle races. Junior swimmers often swim in a &quot;half-Olympic&quot; or &quot;short course&quot; pool 25m in length; at the junior level distances are typically 25m and 50m single-stroke sprints, and 100m and 200m medleys, relays and endurance events. In the US, yards are sometimes used as the distance measure instead of meters; the distances are similar but a yard is slightly shorter than a meter (by about 3 inches), so a 200yd event would be 182m. Olympic events, and pools built to Olympic standards, are always in meters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relay events involve teams of four swimmers each swimming one &quot;leg&quot; (two or four lengths) of the full event, and at the adult level are commonly 4x100 (400m total distance) medley and freestyle, and 4x200 (800m total) freestyle. At the junior level, 4x25 and 4x50 freestyle and medley relays are also seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimming competitions are held at virtually all age and skill levels, however it is rare to see a competitive swimmer over the age of 30 due to the high level of physical demand and training time required, and most current records were set by swimmers under the age of 25. Junior swim teams introduce swimmers to competitive meets as young as 4 or 5 at local meets, and continuing to age 17, with high schools and colleges sponsoring swim teams up to college graduation age, and national teams sponsoring swimmers as long as they can remain competitive at the international level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-07T14:57:54.420" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T14:57:54.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="54" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-08T23:37:43.687" Score="0" Body="Questions about swimming in the context of sport. When referencing part of a multisport event,&#xD;&#xA;consider tagging for &quot;triathlon&quot; or &quot;ironman&quot; instead." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-11-07T14:58:11.503" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T14:58:11.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="55" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="65" CreationDate="2012-02-09T00:19:27.807" Score="20" ViewCount="8171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's an equipment question. &#xA;What is the real practical/effective difference between these two types of snowboard bindings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Traditional&quot; (over the foot): &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/s9YR1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;over the foot binding&quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Toe&quot;: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Zxs2T.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;toe binding&quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What sort of effect do these different bindings have on riding control, carving, jumping, comfort, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used traditional in the very beginning on rental boards and obviously didn't make any specific observations at the time. &#xA;Now I have Burton Custom on my board which is a toe binding and I don't have anything to compare...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. If there's a proper name for what I call &quot;traditional&quot; then please correct me :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="34" LastActivityDate="2012-05-31T15:29:31.400" Title="What is the practical difference between traditional and &quot;toe&quot; snowboard bindings?" Tags="|snowboarding|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="56" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="58" CreationDate="2012-02-09T00:42:13.040" Score="11" ViewCount="12963" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching American football, I frequently hear about &quot;one gap&quot; or &quot;two gap&quot; techniques when referring to defensive linemen. I found this terminology to be a bit unclear, so I looked for an explanation online. I found a few articles like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.xsosfootball.com/one-gap-and-two-gap-techniques/&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the primary difference between these techniques? It seems that the way the defensive linemen are lined up and their defensive responsibilities are the main factors. My understanding is that one gap defender is lined up between two offensive linemen and only worries about the gap between his opponents, while a two gap defender is lined up directly across from an offensive lineman and has to defend the space on either side of the blocker. From the diagram, it seems that 3-4 defensive linemen would tend to be two gap defenders, while 4-3 defensive linemen tend to be one gap defenders. Is my understanding correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a simpler way of explaining these techniques?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T19:30:14.030" Title="Difference between one gap and two gap techniques for defensive linemen" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="57" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="44" CreationDate="2012-02-09T01:38:48.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many ways to attack a zone. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/offense/3-zone-strategies.html&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; suggests three strategies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Play your best ballhandler in the middle (high post)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attack behind the zone (short corner)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attack gaps in the zone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coachesclipboard.net/23ZoneOffense.html&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; has some other suggestions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attack the weakside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another strategy is to attack using outside shots (three pointers or long two's), but such this method is only effective if you have several good/accurate long range shooters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, all of these strategies attempt to take advantage of the zone's gaps in defensive coverage. Good ball movement can pull the defenders out of position, leaving your players with a (hopefully) easy, undefended shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T01:38:48.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="58" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="56" CreationDate="2012-02-09T01:55:49.580" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your understanding is correct on the responsibilities of the two techniques. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One Gap vs Two Gap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one-gap lineman is only responsible for the &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; gap in the offensive linemen and he typically lines up directly in this gap on the defensive line. The two-gap lineman is technically responsible for the gap on either side of the offensive lineman that he is lined up across from. The main purpose of the one-gap technique is for the defensive lineman to get past the offensive lineman and either sack the quarterback or tackle the ball carrier behind the line of scrimmage. On the other hand, the main purpose of the two-gap technique is for the defensive line to &quot;clog&quot; the line of scrimmage which allows for the more athletic linebackers to make plays on the outside of the play or gives them time to support in case of a run up the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3-4 vs 4-3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, not all 3-4 defenses exclusively use the two-gap technique and not all 4-3 defenses use the one-gap technique. Often 4-3 defenses can drop a single linemen into pass coverage leaving the other three defensive linemen playing a two-gap technique. Also, when playing the 3-4 and expecting a run play, defenses will often bring two linebackers to the defensive line just before the snap of the ball in support. In this case, all five defenders will play a one-gap technique, this is sometimes referred to as a 5-2 defense though there is not much difference between the 5-2 and the 3-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Explaining the Techinque&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as having a better way to explain it to the player, I think the way you stated it is pretty good. However, it is important to note that with the one-gap technique the main objective is to get into the backfield and make a tackle or generally cause havoc. But with the two-gap technique, your main objective is to &quot;clog&quot; the line of scrimmage (draw double teams, prevent holes from opening, etc...) so that the linebackers can run free to the ball carrier and make the tackle. For this reason, linemen who play the two-gap technique are less likely to accrue lots of statistics for tackles, fumbles, etc... This is the main reason that many high-profile defensive linemen in the NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=5617037&quot;&gt;do not like to play in 3-4 defensive schemes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T01:55:49.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="59" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28" CreationDate="2012-02-09T02:04:16.183" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_Football_called_%27soccer%27_in_the_US&quot;&gt;Wikia entry&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Soccer became a shortened reference to the word as&lt;strong&gt;SOC&lt;/strong&gt;iation football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T02:04:16.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="60" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="63" CreationDate="2012-02-09T02:37:50.667" Score="7" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are BCS ranks in NCAA football determined? Is it determined by popular vote and record? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What factors affect a ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-15T03:54:51.823" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T03:54:51.823" Title="How is the BCS rank determined?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="61" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-02-09T02:49:06.470" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only way to learn a hockey stop is practicing often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Repetition is the only way for your muscles to improve its muscle memory. &#xA;Learning proper form and technique will come with experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could try to break down the technique into little pieces. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start slow and then learn to turn to reduce your speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gradually turn quicker and quicker&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also rehearse the motion at home while watching the youtube videos&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Youtube videos related to learning to hockey stop:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How to hockey stop: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCyKRom_IEM&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded#!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;How to Hockey Stop (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hockey stop for beginners: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIdr6KOX8uQ&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;How To Hockey Stop for Beginners! (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stopping on skates: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rXYP0eZR7k&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;How to Stop on Skates (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-05T06:22:42.450" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T06:22:42.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="63" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="60" CreationDate="2012-02-09T03:07:48.423" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The BCS rankings are determined by averaging together two human polls and six computer rankings starting in the 8th week of the regular season. A team's ranking is determined by the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harris Poll&lt;/strong&gt; - 1/3 of the ranking is determined by the Harris Poll which is a weekly poll of 115 invited sports media members who rank the top 25 of the 120 teams in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision. In this poll the media assign each member of the top 25 a value from 1-25 with the top ranked team receiving the value 25. For this reason, the highest possible value that a team could receive (if voted #1 by &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; voters) would be 2875, so each team's overall score is divided by 2875 with the highest possible ranking being 1.00.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coaches Poll&lt;/strong&gt; - 1/3 of the ranking is determined by the Coaches' Poll which is a weekly poll of 59 coaches in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision. It is important to note here that most coaches are unable to watch all the teams play each week and will typically have the Sports Information Director at the school create the rankings on their behalf. The same values are applied to each team here as in the Harris Poll, except the highest possible value is 1475 instead of 2875.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Computer Rankings&lt;/strong&gt; - 1/3 of the ranking is determined by the average of six computer rankings. The six computer rankings are Anderson &amp;amp; Hester, Richard Billingsley, Colley Matrix, Kenneth Massey, Jeff Sagarin and Peter Wolfe. Each computer ranking uses a different formula to rank the teams based on factors like wins, losses and strength of schedule with the highest possible score for a team being 1.00 just like in the human polls. The individual formulas used are largely unknown, but it should be noted that starting in 2004 the BCS prohibited the computer rankings from including margin of victory in their calculation. Since the formulas differ so much (some give more weight to the value of a conference win compared to a non-conference win, for example) the highest and lowest rankings received by the computers for a given team are not used to calculate this average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These three pieces are then averaged together to create the BCS rankings for the top 25 teams in the NCAA FBS and the teams are ranked in reverse order based on their average score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T03:19:11.353" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T03:19:11.353" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="64" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T03:30:05.403" Score="6" ViewCount="5514" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the past several years the sacrifice bunt has come under fire as a &quot;waste of an at bat&quot; and &quot;lowering your chance to score.&quot; No one denies that outs are very valuable in baseball, but is it ever a good idea to intentionally give up an out to advance a runner (or runners)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am more interested in cases where the pitcher is not at bat.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="319" LastEditDate="2012-03-15T16:55:20.927" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T03:05:48.107" Title="When is a sacrifice bunt a statistically &quot;good&quot; option?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="65" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="55" CreationDate="2012-02-09T03:54:43.347" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, there are 2 benefits to toe strap bindings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It helps you push the heel of your foot further back into the bindings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There's less added pressure on the top of your toe, so more comfort.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have Burton Citizen bindings and my sister has a Burton Stilleto.  I can tell you point 2 is definitely true.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our indoor snow area use T-Bars and what I found is that in my normal board, by the time I get to the top, the pinky toe on my left foot (I ride regular) goes numb because of the added pressure by pushing the board forward going uphill.  At first I thought it was because I ride 18 degrees forward, but I changed it to 15, and I still get the same issue.  However when I try out her board, I never get the numbness.  This is only in T-Bar situations though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also assume that toe straps are quicker response wise when you go back edge as the first thing to react would be your toes, though I'm no pro, so it's just speculation on my end :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="83" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T03:54:43.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="66" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="48" CreationDate="2012-02-09T04:16:21.010" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I played basketball in high school, I found that what helped my ball handling skills the most was that &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt; you get from constant repetition and muscle memory. Knowing exactly how hard and at what angle to put the ball behind your back, between your legs, how much wrist to use while dribbling, etc. - they're all critical skills that help your ball handling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As most coaches will also tell you - being able to dribble the ball well with either hand is also important - as is being able to dribble with your head up, looking around the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some drills I used to do at practice to improve my ball handling skills:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between the legs with each step from the baseline to the free-throw line, across the free throw line, and back to the baseline (so you make a rectangular path while doing this)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dribble 2 balls at a time from one sideline of the court to the other, then back again. Start slow and don't go any faster than you can go without losing control of one (or both) balls.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stand with your knees slightly bent and dribble the ball back and forth between each hand - from one side of your body to the other - &lt;em&gt;behind your back&lt;/em&gt;. This helps with that &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt; I mentioned earlier.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Controlling your balance and center of gravity is also a key component of good ball handling skills. As your do these drills, pay attention to your balance and keep your center of gravity low to the ground, knees bent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T04:16:21.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="67" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="208" CreationDate="2012-02-09T05:04:20.700" Score="20" ViewCount="26092" Body="&lt;p&gt;For years, basketball players were encouraged to wear high tops because it was believed they prevent a player from rolling his ankle. But recently, players such as Kobe Bryant have worn mid and low tops on the court. Is there reason to believe that one of these types of shoes is safer than any other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T08:01:23.740" LastActivityDate="2023-08-24T06:40:53.037" Title="Do high tops prevent sprained ankles?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="68" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="71" CreationDate="2012-02-09T06:12:09.120" Score="20" ViewCount="15747" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see vendors selling oil for table tennis racquets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would one want to use oil on their table tennis racquets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:24:30.410" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T13:17:01.437" Title="Why would you use oil on your table tennis raquets?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="69" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="72" CreationDate="2012-02-09T06:17:09.783" Score="29" ViewCount="80226" Body="&lt;p&gt;What determines the rating of a table tennis ball? I know there are several different star ratings. The ratings go from 1 star to 4 star. I think there maybe a 5 star ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What factors determine the ball's star rating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T11:11:27.617" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T15:13:58.890" Title="Why are there different stars on table tennis balls?" Tags="|table-tennis|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="70" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="67" CreationDate="2012-02-09T06:32:14.143" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience I can say that High-tops are helping to prevent sprained ankles. In the past I got problems with sprained ankles during practice while wearing my Low-Tops. Since buying High-Tops I have no problems anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="86" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T06:32:14.143" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="71" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="68" CreationDate="2012-02-09T06:39:09.360" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;The oil is used to increase the grip or &quot;tackiness&quot; of the rubber surface of the racquet. You can actually just use ordinary oils (like sunflower oil) but the oils vendors sell are manufactured for the specific purpose of applying to table tennis rubber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, you want to use a medium width brush (like something you'd use to paint model airplanes or something like that) to apply a coat of the oil evenly on to the rubber, then let it soak into the rubber (can take anywhere from 20 minutes to a few hours depending on the rubber). Then repeat this process (applying the oil and letting it soak in) 2-3 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advanced players need very tacky rubber to impart the type of spin on the ball that they want as well as to deal with the spins put on the ball by their opponents shots. Really tacky rubber on a racquet should allow you to pick a ball up off the table using just the rubber surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T06:39:09.360" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="72" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="69" CreationDate="2012-02-09T06:57:13.433" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've played with 1, 2 and 3 star balls. I'm not sure 4 or 5 star exist. Some companies have brands that they say are 4-star but they aren't actually rated above 3-star because a 3 star rating means the highest quality ball possible. The factors that go into the rating are durability, visibility of the seam on the ball, balance of the ball and elasticity. The legal colors to play with are white and orange, though you can find all kinds of different colors in most sporting goods stores. Typically 1 or 2 star balls are bought in bulk (packs of 100 or 200) and used for rallying or practice - and the 3 star balls are saved for real competition (matches). You'll notice that after ping pong balls see some action, they slowly lose some of the smooth matte finish when they are new out of the package.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T06:57:13.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="73" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="154" CreationDate="2012-02-09T07:00:06.903" Score="10" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fartlek is intended to be a type of interval training without fixed distances, times or paces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this more effective than regular distance and interval training in separate workouts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T19:48:47.330" Title="Is Fartlek more effective than regular training" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T21:18:30.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="74" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T07:01:08.133" Score="15" ViewCount="2108" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a basketball player it is important to have a good jump height (for scoring, rebounding, blocking). I've tried some plyometric exercises and are jump skipping often. But I do not have a good idea what really helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to improve my vertical speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I think this could be useful for other sports too (soccer, volleyball, ...)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="86" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-02-17T18:20:15.313" LastActivityDate="2023-06-24T18:03:16.633" Title="How to boost vertical speed / jump height" Tags="|basketball|training|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="75" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25" CreationDate="2012-02-09T08:06:18.693" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you feel that you are falling I believe the best you can do is to tuck to avoid injuring your wrists/elbows and avoid hitting the slope with your head. In certain situations falling can be avoided, but I don't know any techniques for that - it comes naturally with your experience, I believe. After the fall I do try to turn to my back - but I don't lift the board - quite the contrary, I try to come to full stop as quickly as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you fall it's sometimes possible to quickly get back to your feet if you haven't lost momentum - but I'm pretty sure it's best to take your time and listen to your sensations to avoid worsing your injuries - I once broke a wrist and it took me good 10 minutes to realise something was wrong with it. And btw, getting twisted ankle on snowdoard is kind of tricky unless one of your feet gets unstrapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T08:06:18.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="76" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="74" CreationDate="2012-02-09T08:43:04.837" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played volleyball, we used to train in the gym (leg press, etc). I always had knee problems, until I started to train on a trampoline (small one). I wasn't able to fix my problem completely, but it improved a lot. There are all kinds of stability training exercises available on a trampoline:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jump into the trampoline from the ground, try to land on one leg, stay in the same position for a second&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make small jumps in the trampoline on one leg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stand in the trampoline, squad on one leg. Someone should push you a little bit, to train stability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also do these exercises with a ball. I found a nice link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gymmomentum.com/2012/02/01/strength-and-stability-to-help-with-tumbling/&quot;&gt;http://www.gymmomentum.com/2012/02/01/strength-and-stability-to-help-with-tumbling/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T08:43:04.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="77" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="91" CreationDate="2012-02-09T08:44:18.587" Score="15" ViewCount="9478" Body="&lt;p&gt;When playing in a 4-5-1 or 4-4-3 formation you are meant to stay in your zone on the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defenders need to be part of the back 4 and not move into the forward postions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How then do defenders get out of position and actually score goals ? Given that goals are encouraged (obviously) but isn't being out of position a bad thing from the manager's point of view?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-05T16:01:14.190" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T09:27:32.360" Title="How do defenders score goals when part of a formation" Tags="|football|formations|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="78" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="81" CreationDate="2012-02-09T09:08:26.683" Score="22" ViewCount="2333" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a less experienced runner, training for a half marathon. Up until now I only ran a maximum of 10 miles and I never felt the need to hydrate, but I read it's better to hydrate during the run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should I use for hydration, just water? I read that energy drinks don't make a lot of sense during a run, and are better to drink after the run, or not at all. And how would I carry it? I've seen belts and hydration packs, but they don't seem comfortable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:30:05.250" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T21:12:20.040" Title="What is best for hydration during a run?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="79" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="30" CreationDate="2012-02-09T09:14:24.303" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to run faster, then I would concentrate on interval training based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coacheseducation.com/endur/jack-daniels-june-00.htm&quot;&gt;Jack Daniels&lt;/a&gt; work (also on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Daniels_(coach)&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find a page that will help you with all the relevant numbers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.attackpoint.org/trainingpaces.jsp&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. E.g. if you run &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.attackpoint.org/trainingpaces.jsp?dist=1&amp;amp;units=miles&amp;amp;time=715&quot;&gt;7:15 per mile&lt;/a&gt;, then you should consider training intervals where you run 400m in 1:55 then jog 1 minutes and repeat this 4-6 times. That should improve your running speed pretty drastically over 4-6 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T09:14:24.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="81" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-02-09T09:30:46.070" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a runner myself I used to take a bottle of water with me which was great for interval training. I could drink when I was walking to recover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays I'm starting to run without stops and leave the bottle at home and drink before and after my run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://running.about.com/od/nutritionandhydration/a/hydration101.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; with some more information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you're looking for a general rule of thumb for fluid consumption during your runs: You should take in 4 to 6 ounces of fluid every 20 minutes during your runs. Runners running faster than 8-minute miles should drink 6 to 8 ounces every 20 minutes. During longer workouts (90 minutes or more), some of your fluid intake should include a sports drink (like Gatorade) to replace lost sodium and other minerals (electrolytes). The carbohydrates and electrolytes in the sports drink also help you absorb the fluids faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for carrying I used to hold the water bottle in my hand because I also found that the carrying belt looks uncomfortable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;edit: I bought a water bottle belt which holds 2 small bottles. No big discomfort while running. Actually in my opinion ( after using a belt ) its better to use a belt to then holding it in your hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="101" LastEditorUserId="101" LastEditDate="2013-03-01T08:25:39.190" LastActivityDate="2013-03-01T08:25:39.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="82" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="73" CreationDate="2012-02-09T09:40:22.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fartlek is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; more effective than any proper interval training - just more fun! After all, you decide when to speed up during the run and for how much and how long... And in my experience that is not nearly as hard as when you run against the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I believe &quot;fartlek&quot; is derived from Danish &quot;fartleg&quot;, which means &quot;speed game&quot;...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; I stand corrected. As noted by @Henrik &quot;fartlek&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fartlek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;likely directly from Swedish&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T19:48:47.330" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T19:48:47.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="84" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3937" CreationDate="2012-02-09T09:46:07.760" Score="28" ViewCount="39966" Body="&lt;p&gt;The volleyball rules prohibit screening during a service (preventing the receiving team from seeing the ball or the serving player; rule 12.5), however, during any professional game you can see players at the net grouping with their hands above their heads. If that is not screening, what is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this rule enforced at all? And if yes, what are the real criteria used to call a screening fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2023-01-22T16:37:50.030" Title="Screening in volleyball" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="85" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:09:21.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the serve is executed the teamplayers at the net can raise their arms and move in between the server and the receiver to take position at the net. They cannot move to get in the way when the server starts serving. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a fine line, I think it depends on the referee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T10:09:21.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="86" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="89" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:11:44.640" Score="9" ViewCount="713" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't run many years. I swim in a pool. Now I am feeling I need to start running. Have someone suggest me how to start running from scratch? I am 35 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. The strength and spirit, I have :).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T13:24:26.570" Title="How to start running" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-02-09T18:09:54.493" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="87" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:15:37.277" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to drinking and eating anything under running, I agree with @baldys answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/2834/what-should-i-eat-or-drink-before-jogging/2845#2845&quot;&gt;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/2834/what-should-i-eat-or-drink-before-jogging/2845#2845&lt;/a&gt; that nothing special is needed for anything less than 1-1.5 hours of running (@baldy actually writes 2.5 hours, but I personally need something when running for that long). If we are talking anything less than half-marathon (HM), I usually just eat a banana 15-20 minutes before start and drink some water just before I leave for the run... And nothing special under the run apart from a little water every 5 km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sometimes bring a little money, so I can buy a banana or two en route if I feel I need that... which is more often in the evening after a long day at the office than in the morning when I'm fresh and ready for the world... but it is the exception rather than the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we by &lt;em&gt;long distance running&lt;/em&gt; mean HM or longer, then I think it is more important what you eat the days just &lt;em&gt;before and after&lt;/em&gt; the run than what you eat during the run. This is described pretty well &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/sportsnutrition/a/EatForExercise.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The major source of fuel for active muscles is carbohydrate which gets stored in the muscles as glycogen in the days before exercise. It takes time to completely fill glycogen stores, and what you eat after exercise can help or hinder this process. Eating the right foods at the right time after a workout is essential for recovery and being ready for the next workout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So lots of pasta and white bread before the run... all the stuff we usually try to avoid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for any of the supplements listed in the articles... I really haven't tried any of them, as I really don't see what they can provide that is not already in various fruit - especially carbs and potassium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Adapted from F&amp;amp;N: &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/4208/1664]&quot;&gt;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/4208/1664]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:46:51.823" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T10:15:37.277" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="89" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="86" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:21:19.600" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Start easy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Run for 5 minutes, then walk for 5 minutes, repeat...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you have done this for some time and it feels comfortable you can start running without walking breaks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember don't increase distance or speed with more than 10% per week to avoid injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T10:21:19.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="90" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="86" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:22:11.820" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just started running after playing volleyball for years. First few weeks were fine, but after a few weeks it became difficult for me to find the spirit to exercise. What worked for me was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Install Runkeeper or any other GPS tracking device on my phone to be able to track progress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Find a running group in your area. I exercise once a week with this group. They give me great tips and I made a lot of friends.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;See if you can find any matches nearby. This motivated me to improve. You'll also meet nice people!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T10:22:11.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="91" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="77" CreationDate="2012-02-09T10:26:28.553" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern soccer, the formation is not a rigid structure, and the player positions are more flexible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially the wingbacks (defenders at the far left and right) combine the functions of a classical full back with a (midfield) winger – when they get to the ball, they quickly move forward along the side to prepare an attack, often even participating in its final phases (and, therefore, they can sometimes even score a goal). It is obviously important other players know their tasks in such a situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a useful part of modern soccer tactics, and is &lt;em&gt;prescribed&lt;/em&gt; by managers (well, not always, obviously), not discouraged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T10:26:28.553" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="92" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="30" CreationDate="2012-02-09T11:31:47.580" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;To some degree you need to decide what your goal in running the intervals is; that will guide how you adjust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, if you want to get &lt;em&gt;faster&lt;/em&gt; you should run faster intervals and leave the rest the same (i.e. good or full recovery). If you want to get &lt;em&gt;stronger&lt;/em&gt; or hold a quick pace longer, you should shorten the recovery periods or extend the length of intervals (make the hard/easy ratio bigger).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T11:31:47.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="94" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="86" CreationDate="2012-02-09T13:24:26.570" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coolrunning.com/engine/2/2_3/181.shtml&quot;&gt;C25K&lt;/a&gt; ? I liked it.&#xA;It is comprehensive and the workouts are geared towards  beginners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user104" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T13:24:26.570" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="95" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="100" CreationDate="2012-02-09T13:31:56.993" Score="10" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is rare case, but in the event that a disc lands on top of a basket (above the chains and basket in the round area that is often on top of the goal) is it considered holed or does it require an additional throw to actually hole out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T14:28:26.267" Title="Is a disc that lands on top of a basket considered holed?" Tags="|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="96" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-02-09T13:55:39.920" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with most of the posters about duration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, for longer runs, where the definition of longer is very personal, water at least for hydration is required.  Water bottle holders come in all shapes and sizes now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fanny packs, which can irritate the small of your back where the bottle top bounces into it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Angled bottle fanny packs, which try to alleviate that pain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fuel Belt and copycats where there are many small bottles on a belt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everyone is different, and hydration requirements will differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can get an estimate of how much you sweat, and thus need to replace, by starting a workout, fresh, weigh yourself, do your workout, no drinking, for a reasonable amount of time (an hour works well) and then shower, and weigh yourself clean after.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since you cannot appreciably burn off significant mass in an hour of exersize,  you can estimate how much you sweat out.  A litre weighs about a kilo, (which is why Metric is so useful).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worst case is usually 1 to 1.5 litres an hour for heavy sweaters.  If all you are doing is an hour or three then you cannot dig youself too deep into a hole.  However for longer stuff like marathon and long course triathlons, it is important to stay ahead of the drinking and not get into the hole, since you will not be able to get out of it during the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am at the heavier end of that sweating scale, and on my first Ironman drank 18 litres on the bike, 8 litres on the run, and lost 7 lbs.  It was a bit extreme. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T13:55:39.920" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="97" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="104" CreationDate="2012-02-09T14:08:04.343" Score="19" ViewCount="45620" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball if a play ends and two base runners are at the same base who is safe and who is out? Does the situation change if one of the runners can be forced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T20:03:45.343" Title="If a play ends with two runners at the same base who is safe?" Tags="|baseball|rules|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="98" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="73" CreationDate="2012-02-09T14:22:18.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We only used Fartlek as a fitness measurement, and as a bit of fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does train you, but not as well as a more rounded fitness regime. It is, however, a very good indicator of short term fitness and speed, so is useful as part of your training plan at intervals of a month or two to help you gauge progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T14:22:18.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="99" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="47" CreationDate="2012-02-09T14:25:51.927" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since crickets were chirping in here I did a little more research, and found that &lt;a href=&quot;http://forums.usms.org/archive/index.php/t-444.html&quot;&gt;chlorine itself will cause irritation&lt;/a&gt; and irritated sinuses are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.homeremediesforall.com/swimming-and-sinus-infection.html&quot;&gt;more likely to become infected&lt;/a&gt;.  This seems true to me, because I don't often hear of athletes getting infections from long open water swims in rather dirty water.  Ear and nose plugs are not very useful while swimming because they prevent pressure equalization, but one can breathe out of their nose while diving and turning to prevent chlorinated water from entering the sinuses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comment on the question by wax eagle regarding proper facilities is correct but swim teams typically have little control over their facility and there is competition to contract lane-space in the first place.  Its at a premium.  The best facility in my area has great circulation, is 8 feet deep at its shallowest (large volume of water compared to number of swimmers) has UV, ozone, and bromine treatment, and is much less irritating to the sinuses and lungs.  If only my team trained there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple things for the training bag:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Auro Dri is an alcohol/glycerin ear drop that will disinfect and dry the ear canal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Simply saline is a sterile saline solution that can be used to irrigate and wash the sinuses.  It should be used sparingly as it can also strip away the protective mucous lining.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shower with hot water, and inhale the steam to help clean your sinuses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More tips are appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="70" LastEditorUserId="70" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T00:54:37.623" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T00:54:37.623" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="95" CreationDate="2012-02-09T14:28:26.267" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pdga.com/files/documents/Authoritative_Rules_QA_v12_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;PDGA competition rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;QA7: Disc Resting on Top (DROT)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q: I putted and my disc stayed on top of the basket. Now what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: You have not holed out. Mark your lie below the disc and continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Applicable rules: 803.13 Holing Out; 803.08 Disc Above Or Below the Playing Surface&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T14:28:26.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="101" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T15:27:48.483" Score="0" ViewCount="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I go on a ski trip I usually like to go at least two days in a row. The issue I run into by about midday on the second day is that my legs are usually shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to be able to do at least two days of fairly intense skiing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="105" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T15:27:48.483" Title="How can I improve my endurance while skiing?" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-05-08T13:18:01.793" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="102" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="113" CreationDate="2012-02-09T15:30:49.180" Score="14" ViewCount="2240" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I go on a ski trip I usually like to go at least two days in a row. The issue I run into by about midday on the second day is that my legs are pretty much shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to be able to do at least two days of fairly intense skiing without getting drained to the point of exhaustion by the end of day two. Are there any exercises I could focus on to help improve my endurance for when I hit the slopes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="105" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-15T15:05:58.117" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T02:57:34.530" Title="How can I improve my endurance while skiing?" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-10-14T13:07:01.743" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="866" CreationDate="2012-02-09T15:39:51.803" Score="31" ViewCount="21114" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see the manager of a winning team making substitutions as the end of  the game nears (sometimes as late as during injury time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player being replaced is not injured, and doesn't time get added on to make up for the time lost for the substitution to take place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what are the tactics behind this? Is it related to giving the player another cap? (perhaps pay related for an appearance?) Is it a mind-game to try and break up a run of play which may have been in the opponents favour?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="59" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T16:48:00.150" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T14:32:32.493" Title="Why are substitutions commonly made right at the end of the game?" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="97" CreationDate="2012-02-09T15:40:00.677" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically the play cannot end with two runners on the same base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two runners are occupying the same base, then the trailing runner is considered &quot;In Jeopardy&quot;, or able to be tagged out, and must either retreat to the previous base or, if it is occupied, the leading runner must advance a base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the trailing runner was forced to the base then the leading runner is considered &quot;In Jeopardy&quot; and must advance or be tagged out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T15:40:00.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-02-09T16:11:40.900" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often wondered about this myself.  I cannot bring up any references for this, but I can bring up logical conjecture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such a situation, one of five conditions will apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are ahead of your opponent by a large margin they can not feasibly come back from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put younger players in there to get them some playing time, more experience.  Protect your star players from unnecessary injury during inconsequential minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are ahead of your opponent by a margin they could feasible come back from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put a fresh pair of legs out there to increase your odds of thwarting your opponent's attempt to tie or win the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your opponent is ahead of you by a significant margin you cannot feasibly come back from&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put younger players in there to get them some playing time, more experience. Protect your star players from unnecessary injury during inconsequential minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your opponent is ahead of you by a margin you could feasible come back from&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put a fresh pair of legs out there to increase your odds of tying or winning the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You and your opponent are tied&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put a fresh pair of legs out there on offense or defense where you feel it is necessary. (Sort of a combination of the two other 'fresh legs' responses.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has been my theory on that.  Sometimes you'll see it in other sports too. You see it in baseball and American football often. At the end of the game, some people just get tired and have to come out.  The benefits you lose by taking out your senior/star players are gained by the fresh energy of the incomer, as well as their willingness to impress (after all, they'd like to start earlier.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In football, where you often have a limited of subs, why not use them to your advantage when you need them the most. Similar to how in american football most teams use their time outs at the end for strategic purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T14:32:32.493" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T14:32:32.493" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="112" CreationDate="2012-02-09T16:37:39.460" Score="19" ViewCount="600" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a common strategy in most levels of football to call a time out shortly before the ball is snapped prior to a field goal. This is called icing the kicker (as it makes the kicker wait through the time out to kick the field goal) and the idea is to cause the kicker to have to wait longer and either over think about the kick or damage his warmup in some way so he is less prepared to kick the field goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this strategy actually work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-16T05:15:09.300" LastActivityDate="2020-01-16T05:15:09.300" Title="Does icing a fieldgoal kicker actually work?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|special-teams|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="107" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-09T16:43:42.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Association football, more commonly known as football (in most of the world) or soccer (in North America and especially the U.S. where &amp;quot;football&amp;quot; more commonly refers to American gridiron football), is a ball-and-goal sport played between two teams. With over 250 million players in 200 countries and a spectator audience in the billions, it is the world's most popular sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is played on a rectangular field of grass or green artificial turf often called a &amp;quot;pitch&amp;quot;, between 100-120 yards long and 45-50 yards wide. These boundaries are marked by white lines; the longer sides are &amp;quot;touchlines&amp;quot;, while the shorter sides are &amp;quot;goal lines&amp;quot;. Each goal line has one &amp;quot;goal&amp;quot; 8 yards wide and 8 feet tall, typically constructed of tubular steel, wood or fiberglass, painted white with a net draped along the back and sides to contain the ball. The exact dimensions and construction of an official football pitch can vary, in part because the game is played in regions of widely varying wealth and climate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball itself is a skinned inflatable sphere, primarily white in color, between 27 and 28 inches circumference, 14 to 16 ounces in weight, and between 8.6 and 17.5 psi. Again, a wide variation in materials and construction is permitted. The international governing body, FIFA, selects the &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; ball to be used in each World Cup tournament (held every four years), and similar balls are typically used in league play in intervening years; the on-field referee has final say on whether a ball is allowed for use in the game. The most familiar configuration, used in World Cups for over 30 years, is a 32-panel &amp;quot;truncated icosahedron&amp;quot; of pentagons and hexagons, often with the pentagons in a high-contrast color such as dark blue or black.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The object of the game is for each team to score more goals than their opponent during the allotted time. A goal is scored by propelling the ball completely across the goal line, between the goal posts and underneath the goal crossbar. A game is typically 90 minutes, measured in &amp;quot;running time&amp;quot;; the clock continues to run even when play has been stopped. However, if play is stopped for a significant time, such as in case of an injury, the referees may add extra time to the end of the game. A game cannot end with a penalty shot assessed but not taken, even if the time it takes to do so extends beyond &amp;quot;full time&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;extra time&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team has 11 players, one &amp;quot;goalkeeper&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;goalie&amp;quot; and 10 &amp;quot;outfielders&amp;quot;. The goalkeeper has the eponymous job of preventing the ball from entering the goal by any means necessary, and so typically stays near his team's goal. The outfielders typically take a &amp;quot;formation&amp;quot; that provides some balance of offense and defense. These formations typically have three or four &amp;quot;lines&amp;quot; of players, made up of &amp;quot;forwards&amp;quot; (primarily offensive players who attempt to score goals), &amp;quot;midfielders&amp;quot; (primary job is to gain possession of the ball in the middle third of the field and move it to the forwards), and &amp;quot;backs&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;defenders&amp;quot; (assist the goalie, interrupt scoring plays and generally keep the ball out of their team's net).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general play, the outfielders may not touch the ball with their hands or arms. The one exception to this is when &amp;quot;throwing in&amp;quot; from the touchlines if the ball goes out of bounds. The normal way to propel the ball is thus by kicking it, hence the name &amp;quot;football&amp;quot;, although any other part of the body can be used to contain or direct the ball, such as the knees, torso, or head. The goalkeeper, who is differentiated from other players on his team by a contrasting-color jersey, is allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms to catch or deflect it (the keeper often wears padded, tacky gloves to aid him), and may also pick it up off the turf, but may only do these things while he and the ball are in the penalty area surrounding his team's goal (a large box marked in white lines, beginning 18 yards from each goalpost along the goal line and extending 18 yards outward from it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players may step out of bounds at any time, but the ball itself must stay within the touchlines and goal lines to be &amp;quot;in play&amp;quot;. The ball is out of play when it completely crosses outside any boundary line; as long as any part of the ball overlaps the boundary line as seen from above or to the side, it's still in play. If the ball crosses a touchline, it is thrown back in by a fielder of the team that didn't touch it last. If it crosses a goal line last touched by the offensive team (the team trying to score in the goal on that line), the defense is given a &amp;quot;goal kick&amp;quot;; if the defending team last touched it, the offense is awarded a &amp;quot;corner kick&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules generally permit &amp;quot;incidental contact&amp;quot; made in an attempt to play the ball; violent, avoidable bodily collisions or strikes made by one player against an opponent with any body part are penalized as &amp;quot;fouls&amp;quot;. Fouls are categorized using &amp;quot;cards&amp;quot;; a player committing a minor or unintentional foul is typically not carded. Multiple non-carded fouls, an aggressive or injurious foul, or an action taken with the primary intent to interfere with the player, can result in the offending player being shown a &amp;quot;yellow card&amp;quot; and a &amp;quot;booking&amp;quot;, which is a warning. Fouls resulting in two yellow cards shown to the same player, or any instance of fisticuffs, deliberate attempt to cause injury, abuse of officials or similar actions in violation of the spirit of the game, result in a &amp;quot;red card&amp;quot;; the player is removed from the game and his team must play a man short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case of a foul, carded or not, a free kick is awarded to the non-offending team from the spot of the foul, with no opposing player allowed to be within 10 yards of the kick, and if the foul was committed by the defending team within their own penalty box, the kick becomes a penalty kick; the ball is placed on the penalty spot (12 yards from the goal line and equidistant to both goalposts) and kicked by one player, with only that player and the opposing goalkeeper allowed to be within the penalty box during the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common rules violation (not a foul) is playing the ball &amp;quot;off-sides&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;onrushing&amp;quot;. The spirit of the rule is that a team attempting to score must get the ball past the last two defenders without passing it to a teammate, and may not &amp;quot;pin&amp;quot; defenders close to their goal simply by keeping a man close to it who can receive a long pass from across the field. The rule as typically enforced is that a player is off-side when they are on the half of the field containing their opponent's goal, and fewer than two defenders are closer than the player to that side's goal line. A player may &lt;em&gt;be&lt;/em&gt; offside with no penalty, but may not &amp;quot;actively participate in play&amp;quot; (typically receiving a pass from another player or being within a certain distance of the ball). If this occurs, play is stopped and the defending team receives a free kick from the spot where the ball was illegally played. Offsides does not apply during corner kicks and in certain other scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most games can end in a tie or draw, even a scoreless draw, and so the ranking of teams in a league or group is based on a point system defined by the league, where points are awarded in overall standings based on winning a game, shutting out an opponent and scoring at least one goal. Ties in point totals between teams in these formats are typically broken by total wins, followed by total goals scored, total goals allowed, and penalty cards assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In games that cannot end in a tie, such as in single-elimination tournament structures, a 15-minute block of extra time may be played. There is typically no &amp;quot;sudden death&amp;quot; in professional association football; any extra time is played completely, and a goal scored in extra time does not end the game immediately. If the game is still tied or as a substitute for extra time, the players proceed to a series of penalty kicks sometimes called a shootout; one by one, alternating teams, five players from each team each get one penalty kick against the opposing goalkeeper. If, after five tries by each team, the game is still tied, the next scoring penalty kick combined with a miss by the opposing team on the same kick wins the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Association football is played at virtually every age and skill level, with youth leagues beginning as young as three in the United States. Scholastic leagues typically begin at the middle school level (around age 12-13) and extend through high school and college, then to semi-professional and professional teams at the regional, national and international levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is governed at virtually all levels by the *Federation Internationale de Football Association&amp;quot; or FIFA. FIFA oversees six continental &amp;quot;confederations&amp;quot;, in Europe (UEFA), North/Central America (CONCACAF), South America (CONMEBOL), Asia (AFC), Africa (CAF) and Oceania (OFC), each of which in turn oversees the national teams and club leagues of their member states (including the popular German Bundesliga, English Premiere League, Spanish La Liga, Mexican Liga MX, and Italian Serie A). FIFA, in fact, has more member nations than the UN. Players in UEFA leagues are some of the highest-paid athletes in the world, and they and their WAGs (wives and girlfriends) are closely followed by European media, much as American football and basketball players and families are in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is not as popular with spectators in the U.S. as in other regions; the men's Major League Soccer or MLS ranks behind the other four major professional sports leagues in television viewership as well as collegiate football and basketball (all of which have lucrative television contracts with U.S. media outlets, which MLS lacks), although it recently passed the NBA for third in average live attendance per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The women's game, on the other hand, is more popular in the U.S., owing to the U.S. Women's National Team's dominance in the sport since the U.S. entered CONCACAF in 1991. The team has won three FIFA Women's World Cups (and has never finished outside the top three), four Olympic Gold medals and a Silver, and has won almost every CONCACAF women's championship they have participated in (they declined to participate in 1998, as they were hosts and automatic qualifiers for the following 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup and in 2010 they ranked third). The team has produced many household names such as Mia Hamm, Megan Rapinoe, Alex Morgan and Abby Wambach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do's&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The tag can be used on itself or in combination with other tags:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/equipment&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;equipment&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;equipment&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the question is about a particular football competition, don't forget to include its tag:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/world-cup&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;world-cup&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;world-cup&lt;/a&gt; for FIFA World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/euro&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;euro&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;euro&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA European Championship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/copa-america&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;copa-america&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;copa-america&lt;/a&gt; for CONMEBOL Copa América&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/champions-league&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;champions-league&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;champions-league&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA Champion League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/europa-league&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;europa-league&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;europa-league&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/copa-libertadores&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;copa-libertadores&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;copa-libertadores&lt;/a&gt; for CONMEBOL Libertadores&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/english-premier-league&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;english-premier-league&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;english-premier-league&lt;/a&gt; for English Premier League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/la-liga&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;la-liga&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;la-liga&lt;/a&gt; for Spanish Primeira Division&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/bundesliga&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;bundesliga&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;bundesliga&lt;/a&gt; for German Bundesliga&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/serie-a&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;serie-a&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;serie-a&lt;/a&gt; for Italian Serie A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/mls&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;mls&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;mls&lt;/a&gt; for Major League Soccer of the US and Canada&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the question is about the governing bodies in football, don't forget to include their tags:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/fifa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;fifa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;fifa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/concacaf&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;concacaf&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;concacaf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don'ts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Don't use this tag in combination with the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/american-football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;american-football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;american-football&lt;/a&gt; tag. This will make both tags contaminated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.olympic.org/football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://theifab.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-07T18:27:12.307" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T18:27:12.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="108" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-09T16:43:42.557" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of football, also known as soccer, futbol, association football, etc. Not to be confused with &quot;American football&quot; which is contained under the [american-football] tag." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:36:19.420" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:36:19.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="97" CreationDate="2012-02-09T16:47:06.237" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2011/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; posted on MLB.com, rule 7.03 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.03&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Two runners may not occupy a base, but if, while the ball is&#xA;  alive, two runners are touching a base, the following runner shall be&#xA;  out when tagged and the preceding runner is entitled to the base,&#xA;  unless Rule 7.03(b) applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) If a runner is forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming&#xA;  a runner and two runners are touching a base to which the following&#xA;  runner is forced, the following runner is entitled to the base and the&#xA;  preceding runner shall be out when tagged or when a fielder possesses&#xA;  the ball and touches the base to which such preceding runner is&#xA;  forced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that the following runner will be out in this situation unless he/she was the hitter and was advancing to a base - in that situation, the preceding runner needs to advance or will be tagged out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T16:47:06.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:07:14.690" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_%28association_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to&#xA;  the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player.&#xA;  Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become&#xA;  tired or injured, or who is not performing well; there may also be&#xA;  tactical reasons such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender&#xA;  when goals are needed. Players who are noted for scoring important&#xA;  goals when coming off the bench or frequently making appearances as a&#xA;  substitute are often known as &quot;super subs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most competitions only allow each team to make a maximum of three&#xA;  substitutions during a game, although more substitutions are often&#xA;  permitted in non-competitive fixtures such as friendlies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly as conjecture, a manager in this situation (large lead, with an almost sure victory) may want to reward some of his bench players for practicing hard against the starters, so he grants them playing time with the outcome already assured. The desire to reduce the risk of injury to key starters might also be a factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T17:07:14.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:10:29.387" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always thought those substitutions are just used to buy time. The clock doesn't stop during a sub, the player that is substituted never hurries, so it buys some time for the team. The referee has to add the time to overtime, but it will not be the same amount. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T17:10:29.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="106" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:11:30.743" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to NFL.com's Freakonomics series, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/features/freakonomics/episode-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In their book &lt;a href=&quot;https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0307591808&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Scorecasting&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Tobias J. Moskowitz and L. Jon Wertheim marshal the most compelling evidence to date on the subject, analyzing &quot;pressure&quot; kicks from 2001 through 2009 while controlling for distance of the field-goal attempt. They found that icing the kicker certainly doesn't produce the desired effect, and in some cases might even backfire. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Icing seems to give a slim advantage when there are less than 2 minutes remaining in the fourth quarter, but not less than 15 seconds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's their data:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Field goal success whether opponent calls a timeout or not&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Percentage of kicks made)&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Situation                                       All kicks  Iced   Not iced&#xA;Less than 2 min. left in fourth quarter or OT   76.2%      74.2%  &lt;b&gt;77.6%&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;Less than 1 min. left in fourth quarter or OT   75.5%      74.3%  &lt;b&gt;76.4%&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;Less than 30 sec. left in fourth quarter or OT  76.5%      76.0%  &lt;b&gt;76.9%&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;Less than 15 sec. left in fourth quarter or OT  76.4%      &lt;b&gt;77.5%&lt;/b&gt;  75.4%&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7318214/icing-kicker-work&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grantland article&lt;/a&gt; suggests that the only reason coaches still try icing is that from their standpoint, it's low-risk and high-reward. Everybody &quot;knows&quot; icing the kicker is what to do, so if they try and fail, it's no big deal, while if they try and succeed, they're &quot;geniuses&quot; &amp;ndash; even though the data points more towards luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL has banned calling two or more consecutive timeouts; I don't know if that would be more effective or not, but it would certainly be annoying to fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T07:27:43.717" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T07:27:43.717" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="102" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:16:37.593" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skiing requires a good deal of strength and endurance, particularly on a multi-day excursion. One suggested exercise program suggested by this &lt;a href=&quot;http://exercise.about.com/od/healthinjuries/a/skiing.htm&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;3 to 5 days each week of your favorite activity. The best for skiing include running, the stairmaster, step aerobics, elliptical trainer and rollerblading.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A variety of workouts at varying intensities lasting from 20 to 45 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;One long, slow workout each week for 60 or more minutes to condition your legs and lungs for long days of skiing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/skiing/a/aa122100a.htm&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; lists several links to specific exercises to improve:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muscular strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Explosive power&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Flexibility&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Endurance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, building strength and endurance will help you enjoy your trip to the snow. Enjoy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T17:16:37.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="114" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1341" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:45:49.190" Score="14" ViewCount="3451" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see a lot of veterans stomp their feet after hitting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would one want to stomp after hitting the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this purely a stylistic issue? Or does it improve ones follow-through?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see an example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwz_-2DchRE&amp;amp;feature=related&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:20:21.570" LastActivityDate="2021-04-13T00:12:46.717" Title="Stomping after a table tennis serve or follow through?" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|serve|follow-through|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="117" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:49:50.183" Score="11" ViewCount="2135" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've often heard that the linebacker is the quarterback for the defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, is it really true that a linebacker's role is sometimes to produce calls to change the defensive's game plan or an audible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for the linebackers to call audibles to counter the offense's call? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T21:00:11.640" Title="Is it true that a line backer is the quarterback for the defense?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="77" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:50:51.010" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;One way is through corners and free kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The central defenders are often the best headers of the ball in the team, because they need to be able to defend crosses and long balls when defending. Because of this strength, they will often take a position close to the opposition goal for corner kicks and free kicks in the opposition half, and try to score a headed goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of this was the only goal in the world cup semi-final between Germany and Spain, scored from a corner by defender Carlos Puyol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_knockout_stage#Germany_vs_Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage (Germany vs Spain)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you suggest, this can be a risky tactic, and if the corner/free-kick is defended successfully, then the defender has to try to get back in position as quickly as possible, to prevent a successful counter attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A manager may decide whether the risk is worth taking, depending on the score. While in the lead, he may tell defenders to stick to their positions, but while losing, he may tell the defenders to be try and score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-05T09:27:32.360" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T09:27:32.360" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="115" CreationDate="2012-02-09T17:52:48.587" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely it is. The middle linebacker has the best vantage point on the defensive field. He also has the best opportunity to look in the quarterback's eyes to see where he is looking. Armed with this knowledge, as well as watching tape (tons and tons of tape) it's expected that the middle linebacker will have more awareness of the field and in the best position to signal his teammates about the upcoming play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The middle linebacker is also in the position requiring the most versatility. They can expect a lot of run 'up the gut' plays, but also have to drop back for pass coverage. They often blitz opposite their front blocker. Because it requires such versatility, you can expect the player you put there to be one of your best 'jack of all trades' types. Because they understand different positions so well, they are also likely to be more aware of the offense as well - they'll be more in the mental aspect of the game than their comrades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-09T17:59:57.250" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T17:59:57.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="118" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="123" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:15:12.723" Score="17" ViewCount="46118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember in the &quot;old days&quot; that if a referee caught a team playing zone defense that they would blow the whistle to stop the play and call &quot;Illegal Defense&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't seen this foul called in a very long time so I'm not sure if it is because teams have gotten smarter and stopped playing zone or if the rules have been changed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I have noticed what appears to be a newer foul of &quot;Defensive Three Seconds&quot; where if a defender stands in the lane for 3 seconds then it is a foul giving the opposing team one free throw attempt and the ball back. Is this a replacement rule of some sort?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2023-03-01T12:54:10.133" LastActivityDate="2023-03-01T12:54:10.133" Title="Are you allowed to play zone defense in the NBA?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|defense|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="119" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="120" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:18:13.860" Score="26" ViewCount="33782" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foul_ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia entry for foul ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A strike is issued for the batter if he had fewer than two strikes ...&#xA;A strike is, however, recorded for the pitcher for every foul ball the&#xA;batter hits, regardless of the count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why isn´t the batter struck out if he hits a foul ball while he already has two strikes? Why is this situation different than if he has zero or one strikes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T02:07:08.237" Title="Why does a foul ball not count as a third strike?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="119" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:34:15.307" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is mostly to encourage more at bats to end with a ball in play. Baseball is most exciting when a batter can put a ball in play. It also gives the batter a slight advantage in that he can continue to foul pitches that he cannot achieve solid contact with and &quot;keep himself alive.&quot; This balances the pitcher's competitive advantage of knowing where the ball is going, how fast its traveling and what kind of pitch is being thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 0 and 1 strike counts the strike on a foul rule exists to advance the count and to speed up the game. Advancing the count in this case serves to add drama and keeps the batter from engaging in a long series of foul offs with no consequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are however 3 situations in which a foul ball can result in an out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with 2 strikes any foul bunt attempt will result in a strikeout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with 2 strikes any foul tip that is caught by the catcher will result in a strikeout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in any count a ball that is fouled and caught by a fielder is a foul out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the rule exists to foster more and better competition in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T18:34:15.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="119" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:38:13.373" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2011/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; states in Rule 10.15:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10.15 STRIKEOUTS A strikeout is a statistic credited to a pitcher and charged to a batter when the umpire calls three strikes on a batter,&#xA;  as set forth in this Rule 10.15. (a) The official scorer shall score a&#xA;  strikeout whenever a batter: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;is put out by a third strike caught&#xA;  by the catcher; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;is put out by a third strike not caught when there&#xA;  is a runner on first before two are out; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;becomes a runner because&#xA;  a third strike is not caught; or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;bunts foul on third strike,&#xA;  unless such bunt on third strike results in a foul fly caught by any&#xA;  fielder, in which case the official scorer shall not score a strikeout&#xA;  and shall credit the fielder who catches such foul fly with a putout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, on any given at-bat the pitcher already has an advantage over hitters - on average a batter succeeds less than 40% of the time at the major league level. As wax eagle notes, this rule gives the batter small advantage to stay alive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T03:09:42.727" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T03:09:42.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="118" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:44:34.170" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zone defense is not explicitly prohibited, but there is a defensive three-second penalty occurring when a defender is inside the lane without guarding an offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html?nav=ArticleList&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Section VIII-Defensive Three-Second Rule&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The count starts when the offensive team is in control of the ball in the front-court.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. Any defensive player, who is positioned in the 16-foot lane or the area extending 4 feet past the lane endline, must be actively guarding an opponent within three seconds. Actively guarding means being within arms length of an offensive player and in a guarding position.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c. Any defensive player may play any offensive player. The defenders may double-team any player.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d. The defensive three-second count is suspended when: (1) there is a field goal attempt, (2) there is a loss of team control, (3) the defender is actively guarding an opponent or (4) the defender completely clears the 16-foot lane.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  e. If the defender is guarding the player with the ball, he may be located in the 16-foot lane. This defender is not required to be in an actively guarding/arms dis-tance position. If another defender actively guards the player with the ball, the original defender must actively guard an opponent or exit the 16-foot lane. Once the offensive player passes the ball, the defender must actively guard an opponent or exit the 16-foot lane.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  PENALTY: A technical foul shall be assessed. The offensive team retains possession at the free throw line extended. The shot clock shall remain the same as when play was interrupted or reset to 14 seconds, whichever is greater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that a college-style zone is not possible, but a more limited zone can be done. Usually this is only a change of pace and not a base defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T18:44:34.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="118" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:45:48.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_defense&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, the NBA allowed zone defenses starting in the 2001-2002 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NBA currently permits the use of zones; however, teams generally&#xA;  do not use them as a primary defensive strategy and no zone defense&#xA;  may feature an unguarded defender inside the free-throw lane (a&#xA;  violation of that results in a defensive three-second violation, which&#xA;  is a technical foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T18:45:48.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="119" CreationDate="2012-02-09T18:49:49.170" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sorry, I don't have a reference for this, but we studied this in Game Theory: statistically matching the outcome of equal opponents.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you match any two opponents of absolutely equal skill, the contest should end a stalemate (i.e. the rules should not give advantage to one over the other).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if a hypothetically &quot;perfect&quot; pitcher could throw every pitch at the &lt;em&gt;outside&lt;/em&gt; corner of the strike zone, it is very difficult to hit the ball in play. Even the best batter  is at a statistical disadvantage in that perfectly-matched contest. So, they make it so the batter doesn't &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; to hit the ball in bounds to keep the engagement in play &amp;mdash; they need only make contact with the ball to keep from being called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That &quot;good enough to try again&quot; rule keeps the competition in better balance without inadvertently giving advantage of one player over the other because of an unbalanced rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T18:49:49.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="126" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-09T19:06:35.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;American football, simply called &quot;football&quot; in the United States (often conflicting with the international term for &quot;association football&quot; or &quot;soccer&quot;), is a game descended from rugby football. It is played by two teams of 11 players each (with substitutions from the sideline or &quot;bench&quot; allowed) on a field 360 feet long by 160 feet wide, comprised of a 100-yard &quot;gridiron&quot; with two &quot;end zones&quot; on opposite sides, separated from the main field of play by two &quot;goal lines&quot;. The &quot;football&quot; is an oblong inflatable leather-skinned air bladder, originally similar to a rugby ball but now smaller and more pointed on each end to make it easier to throw in a stable spiral. The object for both teams is to score more points than their opponent by the end of regulation play (60 minutes of &quot;clock time&quot;, divided into 15-minute &quot;quarters&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams score points while in possession of the ball by carrying the ball across their opponents' goal line or completing a pass across that line into the &quot;end zone&quot; (a &quot;touchdown&quot;, worth 6 points plus the opportunity to score an additional one or two points), or by kicking the ball through a goal post, composed of two uprights placed at the far end of the end zone 18 feet apart, with a horizontal crossbar 10 feet off the ground (a &quot;field goal&quot; worth 3 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One team begins the game in possession of the ball (usually decided by coin toss). That team is the &quot;offense&quot;. They receive the ball during the &quot;kickoff&quot; (a place-kick by the opposing team), and move the ball as far up the field as possible before being &quot;downed&quot;, either by being tackled to the ground by the other team or running out of bounds. The point on the field at which the player was ruled &quot;down&quot;, or the furthest point of &quot;forward progress&quot; if a player was pushed back before being brought down, establishes a &quot;line of scrimmage&quot; parallel to the goal lines, from which the team begins a new play and again attempts to move the ball up the field toward the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next plays are made &quot;from scrimmage&quot;; the offense lines up at the line of scrimmage, with the center lineman's hand on the ball and the quarterback directly behind him (sometimes a few yards back, in a formation known as &quot;shotgun&quot;). At a prearranged signal from the quarterback, the center will &quot;snap&quot; the ball backwards into the hands of the quarterback, who then decides what to do with it; he may throw or &quot;pass&quot; it forward to a &quot;receiver&quot; running downfield, he may &quot;hand off&quot; the ball to a &quot;back&quot; who will run with it, or in some circumstances the quarterback will keep the ball himself and run. Each time the player carrying the ball is &quot;downed&quot;, or if a forward pass made during the play is not caught (&quot;incomplete&quot;), the team tries again on the next &quot;down&quot;. The offense has four &quot;downs&quot; in which to either gain 10 yards (a &quot;conversion&quot; resulting in a new &quot;first down&quot;), or in any case, to score. On the &quot;fifth down&quot;, the ball is given to the opposing team at the current line of scrimmage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team that is on their &quot;fourth down&quot; and not very close to getting a first down or the goal line will often elect to &quot;punt&quot;; the ball is snapped to a specialized player, the punter, who then drop-kicks it as far downfield as he can. This effectively gives the ball to the other team, who may catch the punt and try to carry it the opposite direction, but if well-executed, the opposing team will have much further to carry the ball for a scoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offense scores a touchdown or field goal, the ball is kicked off again by the scoring team to the defending team, who now becomes the offense. A rarer form of scoring is a &quot;safety&quot;, which happens when the offense is downed behind their own goal line; the defending team gets two points, and the offense loses possession but gets a &quot;free kick&quot; to determine the opposing team's field position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team not in possession of the ball is called the &quot;defense&quot;, and their object is to prevent the offense from scoring. They line up on the opposite side of the line of scrimmage from the offense, and when the ball is snapped they try to prevent the offense carrying the ball forward. They do this primarily by tackling the ball carrier (whoever that may be at any given moment), and by &quot;covering&quot; potential receivers as they move downfield, preventing them from successfully catching passes. The defense may also force a &quot;turnover&quot;, by making a ball carrier drop the ball and then falling on it or picking it up themselves (a &quot;fumble&quot;), or by catching a pass in the air meant for a receiver (an &quot;interception&quot;). If they do either of these, the defense gains possession of the ball and becomes the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is a &quot;full-contact sport&quot;, similar to hockey and lacrosse and dissimilar to soccer and basketball, in which bodily collisions and relatively violent maneuvers are frequent and encouraged. As such, players wear protective pads and helmets with face cages, the exact specifications of which vary depending on the normal position of the player wearing them. A hard-shelled helmet with at least one metal loop forming a &quot;facemask&quot; (most modern helmets have a full metal &quot;cage&quot;), shoulder and chest pads, pants with tailbone, hip and thigh pads, a hard-shelled athletic &quot;cup&quot; for groin protection, and in some leagues knee and elbow pads, are required of all players. Despite this, injuries are common, ranging from muscle cramps and heat exhaustion from overexertion, to muscle and ligament injuries such as pulls, sprains and tears, to concussions and broken bones. Players have been paralyzed or even died playing the sport, though debilitating injuries and fatalities have dropped sharply in the professional leagues by a combination of better medical and protective technology, and by new rules of the game protecting players in certain situations shown to result in disproportionate injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The allowance in virtually all leagues of multiple player substitutions while play is stopped has led to a high amount of player specialization. Similar to other field or court sports like hockey or soccer, players typically specialize in a particular position on the field; however, unlike these sports where the players on the field must transition between offensive and defensive postures as the game progresses, football's focus on downs as discrete units of play has led to a specialization of offensive and defensive formations and variations. Because the entire 11-man side can be recalled and replaced, between each play if needed, the players on the team are generally only used for either offense or defense, and further, players specialize in a specific position, which may or may not be used in all formations of the offense or defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common offensive roles include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quarterback - the primary play caller on the field and usually takes the direct snap to begin each play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Halfback or running back - primarily used to run the ball around or through the players at the line of scrimmage; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fullback, similar to the running back but generally larger and slower, used for short gains &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Offensive linesmen - further broken down into the &quot;center&quot; who snaps the ball to the quarterback, then tackles to either side of the center and guards outside the tackles; their primary role is to protect the quarterback and to make holes for the running back&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tight end - An &quot;all-purpose&quot; offensive player, this player lines up outside the tackle on one or both sides of the line of scrimmage, and can block or receive passes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Receivers - broken down into wide receivers and inside or &quot;slot&quot; receivers, these players attempt to run downfield and give the quarterback good opportunities to pass the ball to them&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common defensive roles include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defensive linesman - separated into defensive tackles on the inside and defensive ends outside, the defensive linesman's primary job is to try to prevent the ball getting past the line of scrimmage, by getting past the offensive linesmen to the ball carrier or by closing up holes that the ball carrier could use as &quot;running lanes&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Linebacker - there are usually a total of seven combined linesmen and linebackers. What the linesmen are called depends on how many there are, where they're positioned and what they do after the snap; they are all-purpose defensive players who can come up to the line like linesmen to cover a run or get to the quarterback, or drop back into &quot;pass coverage&quot;, guarding a man or an area of the field, typically toward the center and in short to medium range.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety - Usually at least one &quot;free safety&quot;, sometimes an additional &quot;strong safety&quot; covering the wider portion of the field as divided by where the ball is placed, the safety's primary job is to prevent any offensive player getting behind him. Safeties generally cover passing routes far downfield, or serve as &quot;backups&quot; to the linebackers and cornerbacks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cornerback - Covers the wide receivers, or equivalently the areas of the field in medium range and along the edges of the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Special teams&quot; include players intended solely to kick the ball (the &quot;kicker&quot; and/or &quot;punter&quot;) and to receive the ball (kickoff/punt returner; these are typically also wide receivers or running backs). In addition to their primary role, any offensive player is expected to block to create openings for the ball carrier, and any defensive player is encouraged to get their hands on the ball however they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A large number of rules infractions can be committed by either team, and the result of each play can sometimes be a matter of fractions of an inch. An officiating crew consisting of several referees wearing striped uniforms watches each play, deciding on the result of each play such as whether players were in bounds or out, or where the ball was located when the player carrying it was ruled down. They also look for illegal actions made by members of either team. Examples include procedural violations such as having too many men on the field or having them line up on the field in an illegal formation, not starting play in a timely manner or starting play before the ball was snapped, to gameplay violations like illegally restraining a player, physically blocking an eligible receiver, violently attacking players who do not have the ball or while the ball is not in play, or using a variety of illegal moves to block or tackle players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Illegal actions result in punishment for the offending team in the form of a &quot;penalty&quot;. A yellow flag is thrown by one or more officials to indicate a rule infraction seen by that official, and once play has stopped (or if it never started), the infraction is discussed among the referees and communicated to the teams and spectators by the head referee. A penalty typically consists of yardage; the line of scrimmage is moved forward or backward, to the detriment of the offending team. Other penalties include a &quot;loss of down&quot; or an &quot;automatic first down&quot; (usually, penalties result in the same down being re-played) and a &quot;spot foul&quot; (the ball is placed where the infraction occurred, usually because if the infraction had not occurred the play would have resulted in the same gain or loss of yardage). Rarely, players are ejected from the game for flagrant personal fouls resulting in serious injury, or for violence directed against the officiating staff or other non-players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relatively new to the game is &quot;video review&quot;; since virtually all NFL games and most NCAA games are recorded from many angles for TV, these leagues allow the officials to review the &quot;instant replay&quot; footage to ensure that the call they made was correct. Since the difference between a successful play and a failed one can be measured by fractions of an inch, and happen in a split second, these reviews generally reduce (but do not eliminate) the amount of criticism the officiating staff may receive for their handling of a game by fans, due to their ability to see these instant replays displayed on big screens in the stadium or on TV at home. Review requests can either come from officials on the field, officiating staff in the press box, or a &quot;coach's challenge&quot;, indicated by a coach throwing a red flag onto the field. In order for a call made on the field to be reversed by review, it must first be a call that can be reversed (certain actions or inactions, such as a failure to call a penalty when one should have been, cannot be reviewed), and second, the video must show &quot;indisputable evidence&quot; from at least one viewing angle that the call was made incorrectly; evidence clearly proving the call was correct &quot;confirms&quot; the on-field ruling, while lack of such indisputable evidence either way means the on-field ruling &quot;stands as called&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is played in the United States at virtually all age levels; municipal or local leagues have divisions for players as young as four years old, with public and private schools sponsoring teams beginning at the 6th to 7th grade and continuing through high school and college, to the adult professional level with the National Football League being the foremost professional league. NFL football is the most popular spectator sport in the United States. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adult players who do not play in the NFL may choose to play at a recreational or semi-professional level in one of many local and regional leagues, or they may play in another professional league located outside the United States (such as the now-defunct European Football League, or the Canadian Football League which plays with significant changes to the field and to team composition) or a variant of football such as &quot;arena football&quot; (played in smaller indoor stadiums on a smaller field with fewer players). Typically, the number of players in leagues that do not present a likely path to the NFL is very small, as the risk of debilitating injury is very high for little reward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other variants of football include 6-man football, common in private and parochial schools and in smaller colleges that cannot field a competitive team for 11-man football. This variant is outwardly very similar to 11-man football, but with only 6 players per side, and an additional rule that the person who receives the snap must give the ball to someone else behind the line of scrimmage before it is allowed to cross the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-09T01:28:17.143" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T01:28:17.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="127" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-09T19:06:35.623" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of American football. This should not be confused with the [football] tag, which only applies to the sport called &quot;soccer&quot; in most of North America." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-10T11:18:52.307" LastActivityDate="2017-11-10T11:18:52.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25" CreationDate="2012-02-09T19:24:38.087" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing I would mention is to try to minimize the risk to your environment and yourself. Use whatever control you have to avoid colliding with other people as well as trees, rocks, etc. Try and warn someone if it looks like you may collide. Usually this won't leave enough time to actually react but it may work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also try to slow myself as much as possible. If you can reasonably get an edge in you may be able to slow yourself completely and almost lay down instead of straight up falling. It's been my experience that falling at high speeds often results in tumbling and multiple impacts which has resulted in some of my worst injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="105" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T19:24:38.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="129" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="170" CreationDate="2012-02-09T19:26:23.887" Score="9" ViewCount="12537" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the predraft period, many scouting reports will mention that a defensive end can play a &quot;three technique&quot; or is better suited for a &quot;five technique&quot; role. Being unsure of what that meant, I did a little research to find out what these scouting terms meant. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dawgsbynature.com/2011/4/11/2082375/draft-terminology-the-three-technique-and-the-five-technique&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; seemed to have the best explanation and a diagram:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xQ5ur.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Defensive Technique Alignments&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on this article's explanation, three technique linemen are usually quick defensive tackles in a 4 man line, while five technique linemen are usually stout defensive ends in a 3 man line and are tasked to occupy blockers. Picking one type or the other seems to have implications for the type of defensive alignment for a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this understanding correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T15:31:37.313" Title="Difference between three technique and five technique defensive linemen" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="176" CreationDate="2012-02-09T19:35:59.690" Score="11" ViewCount="503" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most levels of basketball, from youth leagues to the college level, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ditchwalk.com/tag/traveling/&quot;&gt;traveling&lt;/a&gt; seems to be enforced fairly regularly. However, at the NBA level, traveling seems to be &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=4563546&quot;&gt;rarely enforced&lt;/a&gt;, with the rules now updated to state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon&#xA;  completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop,&#xA;  passing or shooting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since it appears that FIBA rules seem to be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_%28basketball%29&quot;&gt;similar&lt;/a&gt; to those of the NCAA used in the Olympics, does this change in rule enforcement affect the play of NBA stars in the Olympics and other international competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T17:52:56.777" Title="Enforcement of traveling in basketball" Tags="|basketball|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="133" CreationDate="2012-02-09T20:38:44.140" Score="23" ViewCount="60492" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that spiking the football is a time management technique in American football, but I don't understand why there is no penalty (e.g. intentional grounding) associated with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="111" LastEditorUserId="111" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T17:12:37.520" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T15:58:12.607" Title="Why isn't spiking the football intentional grounding?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2012-02-09T20:47:53.923" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it's specifically permitted by the intentional grounding rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, section 2, article 1 of the NFL Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Item 3: Stopping Clock.&lt;/strong&gt; A player under center is permitted to stop the game clock legally to save time if, immediately upon receiving the snap, he begins a continuous throwing motion and throws the ball directly into the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA has a similar rule (rule 7, section 3, article 2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/DownloadPublication.aspx?download=FR12.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA rules&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. A forward pass is illegal if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(snip)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e. The passer to conserve time throws the ball directly to the ground (1)&#xA;after the ball has already touched the ground; or (2) not immediately after&#xA;controlling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So spiking is legal only if the snap was not fumbled, unlike the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T21:10:06.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2012-02-09T20:48:22.097" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/11_Rule8_ForwardPass_BackPass_Fumble.pdf&quot;&gt;special rule case&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 Intentional Grounding&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 3: Stopping Clock A player under center is permitted to stop the game clock legally to save time if,&#xA;  immediately upon receiving the snap, he begins a continuous throwing motion and throws the ball&#xA;  directly into the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you may spike the ball to stop the clock if you do so immediately after receiving the ball. However:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 4: Delayed Spike A passer, after delaying his passing action for strategic purposes, is prohibited&#xA;  from throwing the ball to the ground in front of him, even though he is under no pressure from&#xA;  defensive rusher(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus waiting to do so is considered intentional grounding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T20:48:22.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="115" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:00:11.640" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.about.com/od/footballpositions/a/free_safety_.htm&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; suggested that the free safety could also be considered the quarterback of the defense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Many people refer to the position as the quarterback of the defense,&#xA;  because the safety needs to recognize formations, and communicate to&#xA;  the rest of the defense accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The safety is usually the last line of defense, and like the middle linebacker, must be versatile. He will have coverage responsibilities, yet must also be prepared to provide run support if a running back or quarterback has gotten past the linebackers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the middle linebacker, being close to the line, will often set defensive formations and call audibles to counter tendencies that he's spotted. The safety also perform that function for the defensive secondary, but might be too far away to make adjustments to the seven players in the defensive front.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T21:00:11.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="137" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:00:34.450" Score="6" ViewCount="482" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard of the &quot;10 Percent&quot; rule for increasing distance when running - something like &quot;don't increase your distance for a single run or for the entire week by more than 10 percent per week&quot;.  Is there a similar rule of thumb for increasing pace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T18:59:39.587" Title="10% Rule for Increasing Pace" Tags="|running|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-03-14T20:55:51.720" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:04:50.823" Score="-3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm fairly new at running.  I really enjoy it but definitely wouldn't consider myself very serious about it.  I ran a couple 5k races and a 10k race last year.  I'd like to increase both my 5k and my 10k pace and also prepare to possibly run a half marathon later this year.  What types of cross-training would be effective in helping to increase 5k/10k pace as well as the pace I'm able to run at in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some of the more effective types of cross-training for increasing running pace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-04T21:13:23.807" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T21:13:23.807" Title="Cross-training to increasing pace for a beginner" Tags="|running|technique|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2012-07-30T10:28:20.637" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="135" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:11:33.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If pace can be considered intensity of the workout, then &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/tipsandtricks/a/10percent.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; believes that pace should be slowly increased as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Increasing the intensity, time or type of activity too quickly is one&#xA;  common reason for sport injury. To prevent this, many fitness experts&#xA;  recommend that both novice and expert athletes follow the ten percent&#xA;  rule, which sets a limit on increases in weekly training. This&#xA;  guideline simply states that you should increase your activity &lt;strong&gt;no more&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  than 10 percent per week. That includes distance, intensity, weight&#xA;  lifted and time of exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, certain types of exercise, such as interval training, relies on judicious use of high intensity activity interspersed with lower intensity activity, so this &quot;10% rule&quot; is more of a guideline since each person's body has a unique tolerance for workout intensity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T21:11:33.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="140" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:22:33.570" Score="13" ViewCount="10788" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason for the fact that rugby and American football share this (quite unusual) ball shape?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aIuPb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;American football&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fyBwG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;rugby football&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they have common roots? Does the American football ball come from the rugby one (which doesn't have the laces)? Is there any accepted &quot;proof&quot; behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T00:43:19.820" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T17:52:04.037" Title="Why do the balls used in rugby and American football have a similar shape?" Tags="|american-football|equipment|rugby|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="139" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:25:42.147" Score="7" ViewCount="913" Body="&lt;p&gt;When undertaking physical training, as opposed to practice and skills drills, for your chosen sport, how much benefit is there in cross-training? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I'm a cyclist, I'm preparing for various long distance, quite hilly events. Should I train solely on the bike, what is the benefit in shifting to running, skiing or swimming? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's the theory that says train the body to do the thing you're training for, after all you don't get better at the violin by sitting at the piano, but that's skills. If you're training the body to be in the saddle for 6 or 7 hours, with lots of time with the pulse well into the red zone, is doing running for an hour or two still training the right stuff? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mentally, breaking up the sessions is important as a bit of a rest from the routine, but am I wasting a session? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-15T15:06:08.117" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T09:40:40.170" Title="Cross-training versus specificity" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2012-02-09T21:50:18.807" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since American football evolved partly from rugby&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, it's no surprise that their shapes are similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for the oblong shape is to allow carrying the ball by hand. A round ball kicks very well indeed, but is very easy to knock away; an oblong ball is still effective to kick and is much easier to grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American footballs kept the same basic shape but added laces and pointed ends because both features make the ball easier to throw. Rugby, of course, needs neither feature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; See Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football#Rules_standardization_.281873.E2.80.931880.29&quot;&gt;History of American Football&lt;/a&gt;. Ironically, the first American football game that used an oblong ball and allowed carrying was Harvard vs. McGill, a &lt;em&gt;Canadian&lt;/em&gt; university.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T21:50:18.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="164" CreationDate="2012-02-09T23:46:06.413" Score="22" ViewCount="64783" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following up on &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/119/why-does-a-foul-ball-not-count-as-a-third-strike&quot;&gt;Why does a foul ball not count as a third strike?&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, I can understand caught fouls and foul tips being counted as strike 3. But what is the logic behind a 3rd strike foul bunt being an out? Bunts are some of the most exciting plays in baseball. Is this just to encourage good bunting skills? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="74" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T08:17:00.307" Title="Why is a foul bunt on strike three an out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="64" CreationDate="2012-02-09T23:50:34.750" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the calculations done in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=2844&quot;&gt;James Click article&lt;/a&gt; titled &quot;Taking One for the Team: When Does it Make Sense to Sacrifice? Part 1&quot;, he concludes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thus, we can conclude that, in this simple case, no matter who is&#xA;  coming up next, any batter hitting below .075 should always sacrifice,&#xA;  while any batter hitting better than .243 should never sacrifice. If&#xA;  nothing else, this conclusion lends further credibility to the idea&#xA;  that pitchers should almost always sacrifice if given the opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=2851&quot;&gt;second part&lt;/a&gt; of his series, he notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Finally, we need to consider that sacrificing is a strategy often&#xA;  employed when getting one run is more important to winning than&#xA;  scoring many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The values in Situation 3 immediately stand out. Virtually every major&#xA;  leaguer is under those numbers; so, according to this model, it is&#xA;  almost ALWAYS a good idea to sacrifice in that situation if only one&#xA;  run is needed. This conclusion flies in the face of many of the&#xA;  conventions usually espoused by performance analysts, but it is&#xA;  supported by the raw numbers from the run probability table. Notice&#xA;  that the probability of scoring at least one run increases from .635&#xA;  to .693 when sacrificing in Situation 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: Situation 3 is a man on 2nd with no outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He concludes in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=2869&quot;&gt;part 3&lt;/a&gt; of the series:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Therefore, in the broadest conclusion possible, we can say that&#xA;  sacrificing is a good idea when pitchers are batting and, for most of&#xA;  the hitters in the league, when there is a man on second, no one out,&#xA;  and a single run is the goal. Even then, there is a set of the&#xA;  league's best hitters who should never lay down a bunt; which is too&#xA;  bad, because it would be fun to see Bonds square around, just once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the final conclusion that he draws is that a sacrifice bunt makes sense only in one situation: man on second, no one out, and a single run is the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-09T23:50:34.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T23:51:29.683" Score="-2" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I fished often when I was young, but then gradually stopped. I was thinking of fishing again, but now I am a little put off thinking that the fish are feeling pain from a hook. Is there scientific evidence for or against?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="74" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-25T14:08:56.867" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T14:08:56.867" Title="Is there evidence for or against fish feeling pain from a hook?" Tags="|fishing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2012-02-12T01:17:48.370" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="144" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-09T23:58:15.433" Score="3" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have watched many curling matches (games? I'm honestly not sure of the terminology) during coverage of the olympics. I have read the basic rules, which seem simple enough, so I understand the mechanics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I feel like I am missing most of the strategy and theory of the game. Where/how can I better appreciate curling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="74" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-10-06T12:48:25.603" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T12:48:25.603" Title="How can I better understand and appreciate curling?" Tags="|strategy|tactics|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2012-02-10T22:33:28.667" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="50" CreationDate="2012-02-10T00:55:58.753" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One problem that you will probably face is that most of our hand-eye coordination is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aoa.org/x9420.xml&quot;&gt;developed at very young age&lt;/a&gt; and it is hard to develop further once you get older. And because of that, most tools, games and programs will be geared towards toddlers and younger. However, there are things that can help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, the most important thing you can do is play more tennis (or whatever sport you are interested in improving) nothing can match the experience of the actual sport since you will not only be tracking the ball, but you will also get familiar with tracking the correct colored ball on the correct colored background with a racquet in your hand, etc. Also, it is most valuable to play with another person and not against a machine so that you are able to track the ball without knowing in advance which direction it will be traveling or what kind of spin there will be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, playing more tennis requires another player which is not always an option. Another possibility is buying a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=3Jk41v3Y3oU&quot;&gt;Reaction Ball&lt;/a&gt; which is basically a strange shaped rubber ball that you can drop on the floor or throw against the wall and it will bounce off at unpredictable angles and you try to catch it before it hits the ground. This will improve both your tracking ability and your reaction time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another idea is a very easy one: Play video games! Many video games, especially fast-paced first person shooters, can really test and improve your hand-eye coordination. If you are not into first person shooter games, almost all video game consoles have a wide selection of &quot;whack-a-mole&quot; type games that are geared directly towards increasing hand-eye coordination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, for a DIY answer, a common technique is to use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWl9W0kg6j4&quot;&gt;hammer and ball drill&lt;/a&gt;. To do this, you take a ball peen hammer and lay it flat on its side, then you take a tennis ball and bounce it off of the side of the hammer while holding the hammer in your hand. The goal is to be able to keep the ball bouncing off of the hammer for as long as possible without hitting the ground. Once you get good at that, you can start walking around while performing the drill, then move on to using a golf ball instead of a tennis ball. Finally, if you get really good, you can turn the hammer 90 degrees in your hand and bounce the ball off of the hammer head instead of the side of the hammer as demonstrated in the video above. Another added value to this technique is that it will also improve the strength in your forearm and grip which is beneficial for tennis as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T00:55:58.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="69" CreationDate="2012-02-10T01:15:13.573" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://oneofakindtrading.com.au/table_tennis_balls_guide.htm&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt;, 3 star ball are the ones that meet the ITTF's competition ball specifications for quality and consistency. 1 and 2 star balls are often the discarded balls from a 3 star production run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T01:15:13.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="136" CreationDate="2012-02-10T01:20:17.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should try weight lifting on rest days; squats specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T01:20:17.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="144" CreationDate="2012-02-10T01:50:42.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;With beer!  If you thought baseball needed beer to get through a game, you ain't never tried curling! Curling is much better with beer!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on a more serious note, I would suggest you try playing it.  It is a lot harder and more fun than it looks.  Especially if you like running, slip-sliding, up and down a sheet of ice then you will enjoy curling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most rinks will have plastic tape that you cover your sliding foot with, and then any average pair of shoes will work, with your uncovered foot acting as a pusher, and your covered foot used for sliding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suck at it, but it is really a lot of fun trying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting the stones to stop in the right place is very hard, but still doable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sheet level perspective is worth it, if you want to better understand the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T01:50:42.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="153" CreationDate="2012-02-10T02:11:34.660" Score="13" ViewCount="3796" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/129/difference-between-three-technique-and-five-technique-defensive-linemen&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/56/difference-between-one-gap-and-two-gap-techniques-for-defensive-linemen&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; I had trouble following the football terminology of the different &quot;techniques&quot; for defensive line men. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to have a 1 / 2 / 3 / 5 gap technique defensive linemen? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that gap mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T16:14:29.937" Title="Number of gap techniques in American Football" Tags="|american-football|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="167" CreationDate="2012-02-10T02:18:52.293" Score="10" ViewCount="3987" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct me if i'm wrong I've read a little about a wide-nine defensive scheme. Trying to get an understanding of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my understanding, a wide nine defensive philosophy depends on defensive ends advancing way beyond the line of scrimmage in order to contain the play between the defensive ends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What disadvantages are there to this scheme / philosophy? What other factors does one have to depend on to make it effective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T19:51:39.663" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T19:51:39.663" Title="What are the disadvantages of the wide nine defensive scheme?" Tags="|american-football|tactics|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="155" CreationDate="2012-02-10T02:24:34.160" Score="21" ViewCount="10201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is harder, running uphill or running downhill?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have done the Salt Lake City, Utah marathon and it has a huge chunk of descending.  I think circa 5000 feet vertical the route of the year I ran it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was surprised how much my quads hurt from catching myself on every downhill step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose if you trained for it, it would not be so bad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But which is actually harder?  Uphill or downhill? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2014-10-07T13:49:55.010" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T02:21:22.170" Title="Is running uphill harder or easier than running downhill?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-10T02:55:04.260" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, strength training for distance running has two major benefits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;maintain the proper form throughout the run, when not running in proper form, the running efficiency decreases dramatically;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;help running uphill and speed up in the last sprint to the finishing line;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 1, the core training is essential, and you can find quite a few training tutorials at runnersworld.com, they have great videos demonstrating core training from beginning to advanced level, and those all can be done without gym facilities;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2, workouts that build your overall body strength are enough, like some variations of deadlift as they work on from thighs and calves to back and to shoulder and arms, and sometimes two dumb-bells will do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-03-01T11:53:35.993" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T11:53:35.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="149" CreationDate="2012-02-10T03:06:47.073" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The gap refers to the empty space between offensive linemen on the opposing team at the line of scrimmage. If you have a 1 or 2 gap defensive linemen, it means that he is responsible for keeping the offensive team from advancing through either one or two gaps, or responsible for  advancing himself between the gap and tackling the ball carrier behind the line of scrimmage. See the below example for an illustration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tX0C9.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example the defensive linemen (the four shaded triangles) are all playing a one gap technique as they are only responsible for a single gap in the offensive line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offensive team often uses the terms &quot;A-Gap&quot; or &quot;B-Gap&quot; to refer to the gaps on the offensive line. The A-Gap's are the gaps on either side of the center. The B-Gap's are the gaps between the guards and the tackles. The C-Gaps are the gaps between the tackles and the tight-ends. So a running play that was meant to run to the &quot;Strong-side B-Gap&quot; would run to the offensive right (strong-side is determined by the side that the tight-end is lined up on) between the Right Guard (RG) and the Right Tackle (RT).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T03:06:47.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="73" CreationDate="2012-02-10T03:09:59.610" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me, fartlek is not just fun. As our body is a very adaptive system, if one sticks to a training routine long enough, his body gets used to it, and thus will not make much improvement. So variation is the key (at least to me and itself is fun) so that fartlek can trick the body to keep adapting to different training intensity and condition, thus it can be effective than, but not replace, regular training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T03:09:59.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="151" CreationDate="2012-02-10T03:33:15.790" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running uphill is harder...if you know how to run downhill effectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running downhill requires rapid feet, and shorter than normal strides - specifically so you DON'T catch yourself. Think of a 500 pound stone falling towards your head.  You wouldn't try to catch it, instead you should just try to flick it to the side (and slide your body the other way). When running downhill, this is exactly what's happening. A huge stone (the Earth) is coming at you quickly, and you can't stop it. So instead, with a quick foot movement you flick it behind you, and slide your body forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This takes practice, guts, and more practice!  But, it's faster, and MUCH easier than over striding, slamming your heels down, and constantly trying to stop gravity from pulling you down the hill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't try this for the first time in a race, especially not a trail race, as you need to learn the footwork to be safe, and to control the inevitable adrenaline rush as you realize you're one misstep away from eating it!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T10:59:26.703" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T10:59:26.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="151" CreationDate="2012-02-10T03:39:03.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running downhill is more physically demanding, as your body is doing more to resist the force of gravity.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running uphill in itself is not more demanding unless you have a tendency to try to sprint uphill. In fact, if you close your eyes while running uphill, you can easily convince yourself that you are running on a flat plane.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="79" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T03:39:03.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-02-10T06:29:19.803" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to other answers, manager do sub players already on a Yellow to avoid the chance of getting a second Yellow i.e. a sending off. It's also a known opposition tactic to provoke such players into getting that second yellow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some tournaments getting a red means a ban for a few matches as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as you're specifically referring to 89th minute substitutions, I imagine it could also be to give a &quot;match feel&quot; to the benched players and perhaps a bonus goal from one of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17817584&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Torres came on in the 80th minute and scored the winner for Chelsea against Barca&lt;/a&gt; in the 2012 UEFA CL semi-final&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorUserId="98" LastEditDate="2012-05-29T06:39:25.023" LastActivityDate="2012-05-29T06:39:25.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="158" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="162" CreationDate="2012-02-10T06:50:49.417" Score="28" ViewCount="8994" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16866149&quot;&gt;John Terry &quot;stripped of captaincy&quot; episode&lt;/a&gt; in the England national football team, my question is what exactly does the captain do on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team tactics are decided by the manager, and the managers do pass on instructions during the game via the closest available player to the touchline/dugout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the captain do on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume off the field they can be providing strategic inputs and mentoring youngsters and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T14:55:13.690" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T14:55:13.690" Title="What is the on-field role of the captain?" Tags="|football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="158" CreationDate="2012-02-10T07:06:49.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They usually participate in huddles with the refs for stuff like the coin toss to decide initial possession and stuff like that - and are generally regarded as one of the better players/leaders of the team. Other than that I suspect it's just a glorified title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T07:06:49.000" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="151" CreationDate="2012-02-10T10:39:04.120" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running uphill will definitely exhaust you faster if you try to keep a too fast pace. On the other hand, if the hill is not too steep, it doesn't have to be much harder than running on a flat surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running downhill really depends on your technique and what conditions are you running in. It will be completely different if the road is wet or otherwise slippery, as you will have to put in a lot more energy to keep your balance. But if the road is dry and you have good shoes, it can be pretty easy with some practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have this 1.5km long climb on my regular jogging track, which is quite steep. I live on top of the hill, so at first I have to run down, and at the end of the track run it back up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I'm running it in good weather conditions, I can run down pretty fast, feeling confident that I won't slip and basically don't get tired at all. But if it is a rainy day, I take a huge care with every step, making it almost as exhausting as running back up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference with running up is that it is almost always the same, no matter the weather conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T10:39:04.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="158" CreationDate="2012-02-10T10:48:31.500" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&quot;&gt;FIFA Rules of the Game published for the 2011-2012 season&lt;/a&gt; make the following rules applicable for the captain;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee tosses a coin and the team whose &lt;strong&gt;captain&lt;/strong&gt; wins the toss decides &#xA;whether to take the ﬁ rst or the second kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;[In the event of a penalty shootout...]&lt;/em&gt; If one team has a greater number of players than its opponents, it must reduce its numbers to equate with that of its opponents &#xA;and the team &lt;strong&gt;captain&lt;/strong&gt; must inform the referee of the name and number of &#xA;each player excluded. Any player thus excluded may not participate in kicks &#xA;from the penalty mark.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;[On the subject of dissent...]&lt;/em&gt; The &lt;strong&gt;captain&lt;/strong&gt; of a team has no special status or privileges under the Laws of the Game but he has a degree of responsibility for the behaviour of his team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, outside of the laws, it is often expected the captain has the responsibility of...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Motivating his fellow players (although I'm not sure how important this is; I'm unsure &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; a captain that is a goalkeeper can motivate his players.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keeping a cool head. Calming down fellow players when things get a little heated (obviously this is something all players can do, but it's something you expect the captain to lead). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Furthermore (and perhaps most importantly in the current day) they act as a medium between fellow players and the officials. Gone (or going) are the days where an entire team of players surround the officials to try influence a decision. Instead you tend to see the (outfield) captain making his point of view heard to the referee. Similarly, you often see the captain being a medium between a referee and a player in the event a player gets pulled up... ensuring the player keeps a cool head and a fair conversation takes place (&lt;em&gt;from his point of view :P&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Off the field their most important role is that they are one of the most recognised people of the team; the manager, then the captain. They are the leaders of the team, and (rightly or wrongly) the teams public image can be &lt;em&gt;strongly&lt;/em&gt; affected based on the image and actions of these people. The other players in the squad inevitably fall behind these two people. Of course, all members of the squad are &lt;em&gt;public facing&lt;/em&gt;, and should act as such, but this is &lt;strong&gt;even more so&lt;/strong&gt; for the captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being specific to the John Terry incident, the worst scenario the FA could have is the &lt;em&gt;captain&lt;/em&gt; of the England Football team being &lt;em&gt;criminally&lt;/em&gt; charged with &lt;strong&gt;racism&lt;/strong&gt;. Sure, a squad member being &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7162323.stm&quot;&gt;criminally charged&lt;/a&gt; hurts, but eventually it gets brushed under the carpet... there's 22 other squad members to think about. It is not that easy to forget about the single captain and single manager, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="59" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T17:28:10.250" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T17:28:10.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="863" CreationDate="2012-02-10T11:01:55.400" Score="39" ViewCount="6176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often you hear about the team whose ground the match is being played at having a &quot;home advantage&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a discussion with a friend they said teams go as far as to style the opposing teams changing room to play mind games; i.e. making the room layout hard for discussion, and the colour scheme being dull so as to lower any motivation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I thought this was a bit too far (sportsmanship anyone?), but I was curious as to what &lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt; contributes to a home advantage? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, does anyone know of any studies/ statistics which can prove whether the home advantage is merely a myth, or is a real thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:44:35.907" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T17:21:03.783" Title="What factors give a &quot;Home Advantage&quot; and how big is it?" Tags="|football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="141" CreationDate="2012-02-10T13:38:58.793" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is much easier to make contact with a pitch on a bunt than with a regular swing. The foul out on a bunt rule basically exists to speed up play and prevent gamesmanship on the part of the batter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batter could always bunt on strike two then batters like the pitcher and other poor hitters would walk significantly more often because it is easier for them to make even a little contact with a decent pitch than it is for the pitcher to continue to throw strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T13:38:58.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="165" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="166" CreationDate="2012-02-10T13:42:29.797" Score="20" ViewCount="4387" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the &quot;average number of strokes&quot; decided for each hole?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;While watching golf competitions, the majority of players are far below the par.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it then be adapted? If 90% of players are doing an eagle on a Par 5, why isn't it converted to a Par 3?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should work as long as you don't try to compare from year to year if there has been a change in-between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T10:56:32.297" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T05:54:16.513" Title="How to decide the &quot;Par&quot; for each hole" Tags="|golf|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="165" CreationDate="2012-02-10T13:47:08.670" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The par for a hole is primarily based on the length of the hole, but other factors can also affect its value; most noticeably the type of terrain and any potential obstacles (water, hills, buildings etc). &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par_%28score%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article for Par&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The USGA &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Handicap-System-Manual/Rule-16/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lays out&lt;/a&gt; the following guidelines for par computation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zzald.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Yardage Guidelines&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Handicap-System-Manual/Rule-16/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;their advice&lt;/a&gt; on par computation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yardages for guidance in computing par are given below. The effective playing length of a hole for the scratch golfer determines par. (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/workarea/linkit.aspx?linkidentifier=id&amp;amp;itemid=14395#13-3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 13-3b&lt;/a&gt;.) These yardages may not be applied arbitrarily; the configuration of the ground and the severity of the obstacles should be taken into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Authorized golf associations are empowered to adjudicate questions of hole par. (See Decision &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/workarea/linkit.aspx?linkidentifier=id&amp;amp;itemid=14402#16/1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;16/1&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T13:57:36.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="150" CreationDate="2012-02-10T13:53:50.740" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are partially right. The wide nine scheme is set up by the defensive ends lining up way beyond the offensive tackles, but the point is not to play a &quot;containment&quot; style defense, but rather to attack the quarterback. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defensive ends are typically smaller and faster than the opposing offensive tackles, so lining up so far to the outside gives the defensive player two advantages. First, he has a better angle to the quarterback and he can use his speed and power to get around the offensive tackle and sack the quarterback. Second, he is lined up so far the the outside of the play that he prevents the offensive guard from coming and double teaming him. The only way that he can be double teamed in this situation is if the tight end or running back stays to block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wide nine defenses are typically used in obvious passing situations as the defensive end is only concerned with sacking the quarterback in this setup. This is actually considered a poor technique to use against a running play because the defensive linemen are so far out of position to try and stop a run to the A or C gaps (because the defensive tackles are typically coming through the B gaps to sack the quarterback as well). Also, this play is highly susceptible to the draw play, where the quarterback drops back as if to pass but instead hands the ball off to the running back. This play works because the defensive ends are typically already behind the running back by the time he gets the ball and have no chance at tackling him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two main things that you need to be effective at the wide nine. The first is very talented, fast and athletic defensive ends. The whole point of the wide nine is to get the defensive ends into a one-on-one situation with the offensive tackles and if the defensive end is not able to take advantage of this situation, then there is not much of a point in running the play. The second thing you need is good pass coverage from the defensive secondary. The wide nine is basically selling out to sack the quarterback using only four pass rushers, therefore it can take some time for the defensive ends to get past the offensive tackles and sack the quarterback, so in the mean time the defensive secondary needs to have good coverage on the eligible receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that the wide nine is far more effective when the quarterback takes a seven step drop rather than a three or a five step drop because it gives the defensive ends longer to get to the quarterback and it gives them a much better angle to attack from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wide nine was used heavily in the 2011 NFL season by the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles due to the amount of talent they had at the defensive end position. For more discussion and a video explaining the wide nine, take a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;http://smartfootball.com/defense/the-so-called-wide-nine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;smartfootball&lt;/a&gt; link. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T15:06:37.047" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T15:06:37.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-10T14:06:31.523" Score="11" ViewCount="1335" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen soft putters advertised on disc-golf websites and in stores. What advantages does a soft flexible putter provide? I've heard that they &quot;grab the chains&quot; better but what does that actually mean. Is there a physics explanation or is this just all hype?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T04:43:15.483" Title="What advantages does a softer putter provide?" Tags="|equipment|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="118" CreationDate="2012-02-10T14:28:28.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's allowed, even if it's not often used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in the last NBA finals, the Dallas Mavericks often used zone defense against the Miami Heat. It was one of the reasons for the victory of the Mavericks along with bad statistics of Lebron James in the finals (but not the only one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="65" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-11T06:19:46.143" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T06:19:46.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="129" CreationDate="2012-02-10T15:31:37.313" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your understanding is correct. The &quot;technique&quot; technically only refers to the the positioning of the linemen before the ball is snapped. This refers to &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; defensive linemen, but is typically only used when referring to defensive tackles. Also, when someone is referring to a &quot;5 technique lineman&quot; you can typically just replace that with a &quot;3-4 lineman&quot;. Likewise, when some is referring to a &quot;3 technique lineman&quot; you can typically just replace that with a &quot;4-3 lineman&quot;. Now, this isn't always the case, but it can be helpful when trying to communicate with someone who is using these terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams that play primarily 3-4 defenses will be most interested in players that play the 5 technique because, as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dawgsbynature.com/2011/4/11/2082375/draft-terminology-the-three-technique-and-the-five-technique&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article you referenced&lt;/a&gt; states, in the &quot;true 3-4&quot; defensive front you have one defensive linemen playing the 0 or 1 technique and two defensive linemen playing the 5 technique. These linemen will typically play the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/56/difference-between-one-gap-and-two-gap-techniques-for-defensive-linemen&quot;&gt;two-gap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams that play primarily 4-3 defenses will be most interested in players that play the 3 technique because in the &quot;true 4-3&quot; you will have one defensive linemen playing the 3 technique and one defensive linemen playing the 1 technique while the two defensive ends will play outside the line either in a 4 technique or in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/150/wide-nine-defensive-scheme-disadvantages&quot;&gt;wide nine&lt;/a&gt; set. The two defensive tackles will typically switch between playing the 1 and the 3 technique throughout the game which is why it is important to have two defensive tackles that are good at playing the 3 technique. These linemen will typically play the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/56/difference-between-one-gap-and-two-gap-techniques-for-defensive-linemen&quot;&gt;one-gap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this &quot;technique&quot; terminology only technically refers to the positioning of the players on the field, it is important to note that in each of these alignments are typically used to do specific things (containing the run from the 3, rushing the passer from the 9, etc...). So, offensive linemen (and spectators) can typically determine what the defense is trying to do just by looking at the alignment of the defensive line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T15:31:37.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="173" CreationDate="2012-02-10T15:52:18.207" Score="20" ViewCount="4475" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/163/what-factors-give-a-home-advantage-and-how-big-is-it&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; but hopefully different enough to warrant a different question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often hear fans complaining that the &quot;home team always gets the calls&quot;, which means that more fouls are called against the away team than the home team. This has been attributed to a number of things: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The emotion in the arena sways the officials&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The home team coaches have longer conversations with the referees before the beginning of the game, and they are instructed on what types of fouls to watch for.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referees, or the sideline replay officials, are natives of the home town and want their team to win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referees are paid money to make calls for the home team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First question is: Does the home team actually get more favorable calls from the officials? Statistical research would be nice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second question is: If the home team gets more calls, are any of these specific complaints (or others) valid or verifiable by research?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:03:49.973" Title="Are referees biased toward the home team?" Tags="|basketball|officiating|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="181" CreationDate="2012-02-10T15:54:38.800" Score="13" ViewCount="3910" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that gel packs can help performance on long runs. How should I use them? How long of a run should I use them on, and how often during the run? Should I take them with water at a water station?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastEditorUserId="120" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T20:31:30.360" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:31:30.360" Title="Gel packs: to use or not to use? When?" Tags="|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="171" CreationDate="2012-02-10T17:22:05.710" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across many articles with summaries of studies that indicate that referee bias does in fact exist across many sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aip.org/dbis/stories/2010/20028.html&quot;&gt;Basketball: Bias Refs&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aip.org/dbis/stories/2010/20028_full.html&quot;&gt;full article&lt;/a&gt;),&quot; the blurb states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The study found that the probability of a foul call being against a&#xA;  visiting team was seven percent higher than calls against the home&#xA;  team. They also noted when the home team is ahead in the game, the&#xA;  likelihood of a foul being called against them is 6.3 percentage&#xA;  points higher than when they were behind. Finally, economists observed&#xA;  the larger the foul difference between the two teams, the more likely&#xA;  it is the next call will be made against the team with fewer fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gail Imber notes in his article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/931502-referee-bias-quantifying-the-homer-effect-and-officiating-home-field-advantage&quot;&gt;Referee Bias: Quantifying the Homer Effect and Officiating Home-Field Advantage&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Specifically, Boyko postulates that &quot;While subconscious referee bias&#xA;  does not necessarily make home advantage unfair, our finding of&#xA;  significant variation in home advantage by referee is hard to accept&#xA;  as fair.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All verifiable studies decidedly concluded the &quot;homey effect&quot; is due&#xA;  to subconscious variations in play calling—not due to a conscious&#xA;  attempt to manipulate or &quot;throw&quot; the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are links to several studies and articles in Imber's article. Some interesting excerpts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;Nevill asked qualified soccer referees to analyze various challenges which had been recorded on videotape, either with or&#xA;  without sound. Nevill found that when the variable of crowd noise was&#xA;  introduced, the referees called 15.5 percent fewer fouls against the&#xA;  home team.&quot;; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;The Los Angeles Times' Douglas Farmer summed it up as&#xA;  'subconscious submission to peer pressure.'&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the blog post titled &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sabermetricresearch.blogspot.com/2011/05/more-evidence-for-referee-bias-in.html&quot;&gt;More evidence for referee bias in soccer&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; Phil Birnbaum points to two studies related to European football - in the Spanish and German leagues. He notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Looking at games in the Primera Division in Spain over two specific&#xA;  seasons (1994-95 and 1998-99), they found that, in games where the&#xA;  score difference was exactly one goal, referees awarded almost twice&#xA;  as much extra time when the home team was trailing as when it was&#xA;  leading. More time, of course, benefits whichever team is behind, as&#xA;  it gives them a better chance to tie the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, the authors note that a German magazine, &quot;Kicker Sportmagazin,&quot;&#xA;  reviews all games and posts an opinion on which penalty calls were&#xA;  correct and which were incorrect (both actual and missed calls). It&#xA;  turns out that for penalties called in favor of the home team, 5 out&#xA;  of 55 were illegitimate. But for visiting teams, it was only 1 out of&#xA;  21. So referees favored the home team by about twice as many false positives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;False negatives also favored the home team. There were 12 cases where&#xA;  home team should have been awarded a penalty, but wasn't; there were&#xA;  19 such cases for the visiting team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tnr.com/blog/the-study/86559/basketball-referees-biased-nba-playoffs-study-espn-donaghy&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about NBA referees, James Downie notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They found &quot;evidence of three biases: favoritism of home teams, teams&#xA;  losing during games, and teams that are behind in a multi-game playoff&#xA;  series. All three biases are plausibly profit-enhancing for the&#xA;  league.&quot; The authors calculate that, during the regular season, the&#xA;  turnover biases &quot;equates to win probability changing by approximately&#xA;  2.2% when a team switches from away to home status,&quot; and a further 2.5% if fouls are included. In the playoffs, the biases do not appear to affect fouls, but the effect on turnovers becomes nearly doubles,&#xA;  keeping the probability change close to 5%. Maybe beating that 5% is&#xA;  why coaches ask players to give 110%...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in summary, it appears that referees across all sports do show some subconscious favoritism towards the home team, even while striving to remain impartial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Added some excerpts mentioned in one of my comments below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-02-10T22:03:30.903" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T22:03:30.903" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2012-02-10T17:32:08.147" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can think of three key factors that are quite logical conjectures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The crowd is more than likely cheering for them, and cheering against their opponent. It gets very loud on the pitch and very hard to concentrate. For example in American football, the guard often has to signal the center to snap because the center can't hear the quarterback because it's so loud. This causes great confusion and miscommunication. The morale aspect is important too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The home team is more familiar with the field. Is this field easier to slip on than most? Is the grass longer? The environmental factors and familiarity will give you an edge over your opponent, as they need to consciously adjust their style to suit the field, while you, having practiced on this field and played on this field, have a much more natural attunement to it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lack of travel. Travel is very exhausting, even when you have professional clubs who spare no expense in keeping the players comfortable. You lose a day of preparation traveling as well, but the home team gets that extra day to stay loose and freshen up. If the away team is on the second or third consecutive travel, it can take a pretty heavy toll on their mental and physical state.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for how big it is the advantage is, a &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/6629397.stm&quot;&gt;study&lt;/a&gt; has indicated that for every 10,000 people in the stands, a home team in the English Premiership will score an additional 0.1 goals, on average. Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_advantage#Advantages_of_being_the_home_team&quot;&gt;sums this up&lt;/a&gt; to 37% more goals, although how they reach that from the article presented is at present unclear. It is significant enough that they now track 'away goals' as a way to break ties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T17:32:08.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2012-02-10T17:39:17.573" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been quite a few studies in football/soccer discussing home field advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In blog post titled &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/03/home-field-advantage-what-you-see.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Home Field Advantage: What You See Depends On Where You Look (And What You Make Of Draws)&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20140102184953/http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/03/home-field-advantage-what-you-see.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;), Chris Anderson writes about a book discussing home field advantage in football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these chapters, Moskowitz and Wertheim first document that the home&#xA;field advantage is ubiquitous across different team sports, as well as&#xA;across leagues and over time. They also argue that most of the&#xA;advantage home teams seem to have stems from referee decisions, rather&#xA;than things like travel, schedule, weather, or any other number of&#xA;factors that have been proposed over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418608732122&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;abstract&lt;/a&gt; for &amp;quot;Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis&amp;quot; (full article must be purchased) notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The existence of home advantage has been established for all major&#xA;professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage&#xA;was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently&#xA;obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football&#xA;League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of&#xA;the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the&#xA;four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local&#xA;derbies, in the FA Cup and in non‐professional competitions. It is&#xA;greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the&#xA;competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two,&#xA;for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but&#xA;its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference&#xA;where an away win gains more points than a home win. &lt;strong&gt;The statistical&#xA;evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute&#xA;less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable&#xA;benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From these two resources and information from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/171/are-referees-biased-toward-the-home-team&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt;, it appears that the subconscious biases exhibited by referees and the familiarity of home conditions play the largest factors in home field advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-14T17:21:03.783" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T17:21:03.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="130" CreationDate="2012-02-10T17:52:56.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There aren't all that many international competitions, but since this rule was enacted in 2009, it didn't seem to stop the United States team from winning the 2010 FIBA World Championship. With winning, they withdrew from the 2011 FIBA World Cup, since they already qualified for the 2012 Olympics as a result of the 2010 championship and had little to gain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So being that there has only been one world class international competition, it's difficult to say. The US did win it though, so that would seem to indicate that it was not a significant factor. Whether there was an increase in travel calls, I wasn't able to find any reports on the matter. It's also a very small sample size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To really answer this question we will have to see what happens in London, keeping track of travels against the US versus other teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T17:52:56.777" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2012-02-10T18:01:19.213" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being extremely interested in this myself, I used &lt;a href=&quot;http://football-data.co.uk/englandm.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;data taken from the English 2010-2011 season&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20120212051640/http://football-data.co.uk/englandm.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) in the Premier League, Championship and divisions 1 and 2, to compile the following statistics;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Division       | # of Games | % Home Wins | % Away Wins | % Draws | # Home Wins | # Away Wins | # Draws | &#xA;Premier League | 380        | 47.1        | 23.7        | 29.2    | 179         | 90          | 111     | &#xA;Championship   | 552        | 44.6        | 28.6        | 26.8    | 246         | 158         | 148     | &#xA;League 1       | 552        | 45.1        | 30.1        | 24.8    | 249         | 166         | 137     | &#xA;League 2       | 552        | 40.8        | 28.8        | 30.4    | 225         | 159         | 168     |&#xA;TOTAL          | 2036       | 44.2        | 28.1        | 27.7    | 899         | 573         | 564     |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this, it's easy to see that the team playing at home has a considerable advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 idea we could perhaps draw from this is that the environment provided by the spectators play a role in the size of the home advantage; the attendance at matches dwindle the further down the leagues we go, and we can also see that the %age of home wins drops as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, these provides the stats/data that was asked for in the question, but as for reasons &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt;, I'll leave others to answer!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-14T17:11:46.990" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T17:11:46.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="143" CreationDate="2012-02-10T18:33:30.050" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is evidence for fish feeling pain. Obviously you cannot simply say they do feel pain, only that we can observe behaviors that could be consistent with them feeling pain, and that they have the physical chemical receptors to facilitate a pain signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 2010 &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0199551200&quot;&gt;book by Victoria Braithwaite titled Do Fish Feel Pain&lt;/a&gt; argues that the &quot;latest scientific evidence suggests that we should widen to fish the protection currently given to birds and mammals.&quot; I didn't buy the book, but this would suggest that her research indicates that they do. After all we wouldn't widen protection for animals that don't feel pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Her &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ufaw/aw/2004/00000013/A00101s1/art00012&quot;&gt;2002 article on the matter&lt;/a&gt; also suggests they have pain-like feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whilst we agree with the author that fish are unlikely to perceive pain in the same way that humans do, we believe that currently available evidence indicates that fish have the capacity for pain perception and suffering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159103001138&quot;&gt;2003 article by Lynne Sneddon&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Recent anatomical and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated&#xA;  that fish are capable of nociception, the simple detection of a&#xA;  noxious, potentially painful stimulus and the reflex response to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Administering morphine significantly reduced the pain-related&#xA;  behaviours and opercular beat rate and thus morphine appears to act as&#xA;  an analgesic in the rainbow trout. It is concluded that these&#xA;  pain-related behaviours are not simple reflexes and therefore there is&#xA;  the potential for pain perception in fish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the impact this is going to have on your angling, I can't say because I'm not much of an angler. Perhaps consider numbing tipped barbs or something similar. But the actual equipment selection is the scope of another question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T18:33:30.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="180" CreationDate="2012-02-10T18:40:55.720" Score="75" ViewCount="15940" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any evidence or reason why FIFA is so against adding instant replay to soccer? I find myself seeing many unlucky or just plain wrong decisions made by refs that could be corrected with instant replay. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T09:28:46.237" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T09:34:24.290" Title="Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|video-review|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2012-02-10T19:00:16.287" Score="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few fundamental considerations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uncertainty is a part of the game. The referee and linesmen are the arbiters of the action. Instant replay would limit their authority.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Football is global. Many places do not have access to the technology necessary to implement instant replay.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Football is a fast-paced game with few opportunities for stoppage. Instant replay would unnecessarily slow the pace.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2008, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Association_football&quot;&gt;FiFA President Sepp Blatter said&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Let it be as it is and let's leave [football] with errors. The television companies will have the right to say [the referee] was right or wrong, but still the referee makes the decision – a man, not a machine.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blatter and others at FIFA have repeatedly argued against using instant replay. But lately, FIFA has begun to come around on the idea. At FIFA's Congress in São Paulo prior to the 2014 World Cup, &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/blatter-managers-challenge-referee-decisions-24095287?utm_medium=twitter&amp;amp;utm_source=twitterfeed&quot;&gt;Blatter proposed allowing managers 2 challenges per game&lt;/a&gt;, much like the NFL handles challenges today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it's not quite &quot;instant replay,&quot; in 2012 FIFA approved two different goal-line technologies to improve referee accuracy: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk-Eye&quot;&gt;&quot;Hawk-Eye&quot;&lt;/a&gt; -- which uses visual triangulation to determine ball location -- and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoalRef&quot;&gt;&quot;GoalRef&quot;&lt;/a&gt; -- which uses a microchip in the ball and magnetic sensors within goalposts. (Many say FIFA approved the technologies in response to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jul/05/frank-lampard-england-germany?guni=Article%3ain%20body%20link&quot;&gt;Frank Lampard's snubbed &quot;goal&quot; against Germany&lt;/a&gt; in the 2010 World Cup.) In 2013, FIFA &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/02/fifa-goalline-technology-snub-hawkeye&quot;&gt;announced it would use GoalControl&lt;/a&gt;, a German competitor to Hawk-Eye, at the Confederations Cup, basically a rehearsal for the World Cup. After a successful run at that tournament, FIFA announced it would implement GoalControl at the 2014 World Cup. The Guardian provides &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/16/world-cup-goalline-technology-football-brazil-2014&quot;&gt;a pretty helpful FAQ&lt;/a&gt; on the technology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA may choose to implement further changes to approved goal-line technology and referee rules when it meets again after the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-06-18T18:59:58.997" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T18:59:58.997" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="172" CreationDate="2012-02-10T19:02:17.937" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure there are any definite knowledge on the use of gels on long runs. Which is reflected in the many different forms of energi products on the market - pastes, gels, gums, bars, etc. And the many discussions on the various running sites...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to gels, have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://fellrnr.com/wiki/When_to_eat_Energy_Gels_in_the_Marathon&quot;&gt;When to eat Energy Gels in the Marathon&lt;/a&gt; - which is fine, if a little thin. The links at the end are pretty good. As you're from US, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://running.about.com/od/nutritionforrunners/tp/energygels.htm&quot;&gt;comparison&lt;/a&gt; might be of interest as well. (We have other products in Europe, but I have never found a similar page for these...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I use a isometic gels from Maxim for every 7 km on longer runs. Which then means 2 gels for a HM (at 7 and 14 km) and 5 for a M (at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 km) assuming there is some sort of refreshment at the end of the race or training pass. This might be in the low end compared with what many others recommend - typically one gel per 20 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other links, that might be of interest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://walking.about.com/od/snacks/a/energymyths.htm&quot;&gt;Busting the Myths about Energy Bars, Energy Gels, and Sports Drinks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymile.com/forums/competitive-running/questions/510-how-many-sport-gels-to-take-during-a-marathon&quot;&gt;How many sport gels to take during a marathon?&lt;/a&gt; - very long discussion on the subject&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allaboutrunning.net/sri-chinmoy-racesblog/energy-gels&quot;&gt;Energy gels: pros, cons and how to use them properly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T19:02:17.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="186" CreationDate="2012-02-10T19:28:53.263" Score="12" ViewCount="614" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very short: what is the best pace strategy for a Marathon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little longer: usually when I participate in a race (10 km, 15 km or HM), I tend to run the first part of the race at a pace that is 5-10 seconds slower per km than my target pace. And then make up for that during the rest of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is that a good strategy for a Marathon as well? Or should you aim at the same pace throughout the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T03:59:58.307" Title="Pace strategy for Marathons" Tags="|running|marathon|technique|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:03:00.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is stylistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that the people you refer to stomp &lt;strong&gt;after&lt;/strong&gt; they hit the ball shows that it isn't improving anything. Also, research shows (I'll find it for you if I can) that your legs to not effect the way your arms move, so it won't help follow-through. It's all in your head :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:03:00.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="345" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:07:30.243" Score="47" ViewCount="10496" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, how is it decided from which end to start the match? Is this a per-ground convention, a decision of the umpires, or either of the captains? Is each innings necessarily started from the same end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="354" LastEditDate="2012-03-27T19:49:37.620" LastActivityDate="2018-05-13T13:14:56.653" Title="In cricket, how is it decided from which end to start the match?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:08:50.447" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When my team (of 12 players) plays basketball, we have &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; person on offense dribbling the ball around, forcing &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; players to move around based on where the ball is. This is great practice if you go by these guidelines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do not go for steals, or you will not be able to see movements. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; move with the ball, or the drill is pointless.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every once in a while, you will have to practice 5-on-5.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:08:50.447" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="182" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:11:27.180" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is also the recommended strategy for marathons, if you are going for time.  Analysis of top international runners shows that they run the first half of the race slightly slower than the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:11:27.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:18:44.297" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although I can't verify this, it could be for balance purposes. I know that in tennis (related sport), when you come into net to hit a volley, good technique states that you should &quot;stomp&quot; with your (assuming a right-handed player) left foot for a forehand volley and stomp with your right foot for a backhand volley because it helps you mentally and physically hit your shot with a firm wrist and be on balance like you need to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:18:44.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="172" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:25:31.947" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The underlying issue is that for a race longer than about 30km, you have to eat something, because your body cannot store enough energy to finish the race.  That's the &quot;hitting the wall&quot; thing, and it's why a marathon is significantly more difficult than just twice a half marathon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for a half marathon or shorter, you shouldn't really have to eat anything on the way.  (Drink yes, but not eat.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A secondary point is that by the time the food has taken &quot;effect&quot;, the race might already be finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The consideration is different during training, if you haven't had the opportunity to properly eat before a long run, as you would before a race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the gels are just a way to absorb a lot of energy in a short time in a way that's convenient for a runner, since you aren't going to be cooking pasta on the way.  There are other options as well, such as bars, bread, or bananas.  You need to find something that works for you.  Not everyone tolerates all the different options in the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a professionally organized race, they will have food stations at regular intervals.  That should give you a hint at how many times you should eat.  Three to five times is probably good.  You need to find out what works for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, the gels I'm familiar with explicitly say to take them with water.  I usually take one just before a water station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:25:31.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="200" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:42:24.307" Score="11" ViewCount="1391" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've run a number of races, and there are almost always a number of water stations. I don't usually stop for water on the short races, but I'm not sure how long of a race I should do that for - when should I start drinking water? How much and often should I drink it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T21:36:09.080" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T21:36:09.080" Title="During a race, how often should I drink water?" Tags="|running|nutrition|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="189" CreationDate="2012-02-10T20:54:46.687" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the race and the weather.&#xA;At a marathon i stop at almost every station and grab a glass of water and have sip. &#xA;Its better to hydrate in small sips from time to time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a bit of practice you can even learn how to drink while running so you don't lose to much time at the stations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T20:54:46.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="189" CreationDate="2012-02-10T21:23:40.877" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ideally, you'd have a little straw follow you around and you could have a constant drip of hydration. Take a cup at every water station, and take a few sips. Depending on how far apart they are, you'll want to drink more or less, aiming for an ounce of water every 4 minutes since your last station. This isn't an exact calculation, but it's a good place to start from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is going to leave you with leftover water almost every time. I personally would use the remaining water to cool off and keep yourself alert with a good face splash. Unless it's gatorade, then it probably wouldn't feel so good on your face :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T21:23:40.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-10T22:10:51.050" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;WAR is a context used by leagues and ballparks independently to measure a baseball player's performance and relative value. As such, WAR can be used to compare players across different years and teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;WAR is derived from weighted runs above average, or the number of runs a player contributes through both his offense and defense above and beyond your typical &quot;replacement level&quot; player (i.e. waiver-wire pickup or the next guy in AAA). You divide the total offensive and defensive runs above average by 10 to arrive at wins. Note that these numbers are also adjusted by position since playing the catcher position is harder to play than playing right field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Fangraphs (fWAR) and Baseball Reference (rWAR) use many of the same statistics to measure a player's offensive and defensive contributions, with the following differences: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rWAR and fWAR both use FIP to measure a pitcher's performance, but rWAR also includes a pitcher's defensive runs saved as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To measure a player's fielding capability, fWAR uses UZR, while rWAR uses TotalZone, two very similar defensive metrics. However, UZR has only been calculated since 2002.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rWAR uses baserunning metrics, fWAR does not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I've paraphrased the above from Fangraph's excellent intro to WAR, which I recommend you take a look at: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/index.php/misc/war/&quot;&gt;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/index.php/misc/war/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="46" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-11T06:25:35.370" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T06:25:35.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18" CreationDate="2012-02-10T22:12:24.690" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To effectively practice any sport, it is not necessary to perfectly simulate an in-game experience. Most forms of practice, after all, are not scrimmages, but drills that improve one or a few skills that may prove useful during a game. Zone defense requires a number of generic defensive skills such as proper footwork, tenacity, one-on-one spacing and, of course, conditioning. Any drill that improves these skills will be helpful in improving a player or team's zone defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, a team will have to get 5 players on defense at once to really learn how to play zone. And they will have have to face a real 5-person offense to see how a ball and players move and to learn how to react according to the principles of whatever zone defense is installed. Therefore, game-like (5-on-5) simulation is necessary to install an effective zone, and scrimmaging is the reason teams keep more than 10 players on a team at any given time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there's always the video room (and now, the Internet). You don't need a full squad to learn about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coachawinningteam.com/articles/1-3-1-defense-beilein/&quot;&gt;John Beilein's famous 1-3-1&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiE14YmhVmw&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2012-02-11T02:33:02.410" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T02:33:02.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="151" CreationDate="2012-02-10T22:36:00.953" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mile for mile, running uphill requires a greater amount of physical work to be performed. You are clearly working against gravity rather than with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, running downhill can be perceived as more difficult for several reasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it tends to be much faster so there is higher impact on the body parts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;unlike flat or uphill runners, downhill runners need to resist forward motion to maintain control, and the biomechanics of this &quot;braking&quot; involves muscles that may be less well trained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as mentioned by Darth and Mike Hedman, runners who are not used to downhill running may be using improper or uncontrolled technique&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastActivityDate="2012-02-10T22:36:00.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="196" CreationDate="2012-02-11T02:13:31.093" Score="7" ViewCount="604" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was inspired to ask this question given instant replay was mentioned in this thread: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/179/why-is-fifa-against-adding-instant-replay-to-the-game&quot;&gt;Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2012 season, has baseball changed any rules regarding instant replay? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, does the MLB use instant replay at all and in which cases do they use instant replay to review officiating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T04:59:18.643" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T14:10:55.740" Title="When does MLB use instant replay?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|media|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="195" CreationDate="2012-02-11T03:03:49.703" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay_in_baseball&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, the MLB has had instant replay since Aug. 28, 2008. It is used for determining:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fair (home run) or foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether the ball actually left the playing field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether the ball was subject to spectator interference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2012 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Instant Replay will expand to include fair and foul calls and balls that was [sic] caught, or trapped by the player catching the ball. It will also expand interference reviews beyond the home run boundary to all walls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T03:03:49.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="197" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="207" CreationDate="2012-02-11T06:15:57.677" Score="16" ViewCount="11253" Body="&lt;p&gt;When determining turnovers for a given player, how exactly are they determined? Wikipedia defines turnovers as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In basketball, a turnover occurs when a player from one team gives possession to a member of the opposing team by losing the ball. This can result from the ball being stolen, the player making mistakes such as stepping out or throwing the ball out of bounds, or committing a violation (such as traveling) or committing an offensive foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm not clear on what happens on errant passes. When a player in possession of the ball makes a pass that is immediately intercepted by a defender, then obviously the player who passed the ball is charged with a turnover. My question is what happens if the ball is tipped by the player that the ball was intended for before the defender gains possession of the ball? Who is charged with a turnover in that situation, the player who made the pass or the player who tipped the ball before the defender gained possession? Is it determined by who touched the ball last or the player who last had full possession of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T05:53:01.280" Title="How are individual turnovers determined on errant passes?" Tags="|basketball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="315" CreationDate="2012-02-11T06:46:10.570" Score="12" ViewCount="5806" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to improve your table tennis skills by yourself without a table as well? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so are there exercises that one could do to improve your table tennis skills by yourself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T09:52:29.277" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:52:29.277" Title="Table Tennis exercises by yourself and without a table?" Tags="|training|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="189" CreationDate="2012-02-11T16:42:00.897" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hydration when racing has a lot of variables, all of which need to be taken into consideration for longer races - which I would say is anything longer than a 10k:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;difficulty of the course (hills, headwind, altitude)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;temperature and humidity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and your acclimatization to those weather conditions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your effort, this is somewhat of a double edged sword: run fast and you're done quicker, run slow and you're out there longer, and often you'll be out in the warmer parts of the day more than the early finishers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your body: everyone sweats different amounts. Some don't drink much during a 1/2 marathon, some drink a liter or more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for longer races, your nutrition intake also adds a fluid component: you need water for your body to digest the nutrition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pre-race hydration: it's not uncommon for racers of &gt;4 hour races to adjust up their electrolyte and hydration in the days leading up to a race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First - try to do a sweat test in an environment as close as you can to the race, and get a good idea of what you generally need, and then consider the other variables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of a race you will almost never hear people saying &quot;oh dang, I drank too much&quot;, but go by the medical tent after a marathon, and you will see racks of people wishing they had taken hydration more seriously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T16:42:00.897" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="182" CreationDate="2012-02-11T16:49:54.693" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think your general strategy is great, but I would allow for a bit slower start.  For the first 2-3 miles I would run 30-60 seconds slower than race pace.  Most recreational runners don't warm up properly before a marathon (not wanting to burn off energy that will be needed in three hours!), so this is a crucial time to get your body moving and ready for the effort to come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anything, this accounts for the reality of the first mile, where congestion will often slow you to a crawl. Some runners &quot;lose&quot; 30 seconds of time in the first mile due to trying to zig-zag through the slow people that inappropriately seeded themselves in the front of the chute, and then they stress about making up that time in the first 10 miles...and they pay for it at mile 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T16:49:54.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="204" CreationDate="2012-02-11T17:14:29.077" Score="21" ViewCount="5719" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can foresee a situation when a team is tied or up by one run, late in the game, where an outfielder may intentionally drop a catchable ball in foul territory to prevent an opposing runner from tagging up and scoring from third base with less than two outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this tactic ever been used in a Major League game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="46" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-11T23:10:35.577" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T00:33:57.963" Title="Has there ever been a situation where the outfielder has intentionally dropped a foul ball to prevent a run from scoring from third?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="205" CreationDate="2012-02-11T18:45:06.360" Score="97" ViewCount="305877" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis scoring goes 15-30-40-game. Why 40? Why not 45? What is the meaning of the points being given in tennis as 15-30-40-game? What is the history of this scoring calculation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-09-27T10:57:03.170" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T13:37:05.600" Title="Points are given in tennis 15-30-40. Why 40?" Tags="|rules|history|tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="202" CreationDate="2012-02-11T18:48:09.270" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely. I can remember at least a couple of games I've watched where the game was tied and a deep fly ball was hit into foul territory with a runner on 3rd - the outfielder just let it drop so that they didn't have to try and make the throw to home plate to try and get the runner out that would have been tagging up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T18:48:09.270" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2012-02-11T18:57:22.627" Score="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this is a little convoluted and the answer is just what is &quot;believed&quot; to have been the reason behind the scoring numbers, but since tennis is a game that dates back to the 19th century, it's tough to know for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, here goes...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of a clock face that is divided up into quadrants - which would give you the 15, 30, 45, and 60 intervals. The problem with using that to score tennis games though, is that to win a game, you have to win by 2 points if the score reaches deuce (40-40 or &quot;40 all&quot;). So it is believed that the first 3 points would advance the hand to 15, 30 and 40 - and then the next 2 points would advance the hand by 10 minutes - first to 50, then to 60 - still keeping the game finished at the 60 mark. If the (serving) player failed to win 2 points in a row after deuce, the hand would move back to 40 and the score would be at deuce again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_score#Game_scoring_origins&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for some additional theories behind the scoring nomenclature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T18:57:22.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2012-02-11T19:17:41.233" Score="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best explanation I could find of this is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_score&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origins of the 15, 30, and 40 scores are believed to be medieval French. It is possible that a clock face was used on court, with a quarter move of the hand to indicate a score of 15, 30, and 45. When the hand moved to 60, the game was over. However, in order to ensure that the game could not be won by a one-point difference in players' scores, the idea of &amp;quot;deuce&amp;quot; was introduced. To make the score stay within the &amp;quot;60&amp;quot; ticks on the clock face, the 45 was changed to 40.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if both players have 40, the first player to score receives ten and that moves the clock to 50. If the player scores a second time before the opponent is able to score, they are awarded another ten and the clock moves to 60. The 60 signifies the end of the game. However, if a player fails to score twice in a row, then the clock would move back to 40 to establish another &amp;quot;deuce&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes very well sense that this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T19:17:41.233" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="197" CreationDate="2012-02-11T19:26:00.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all comes down to who had the last &lt;strong&gt;full possession&lt;/strong&gt; of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If player A on team 1 passed the ball, and player B on team 1 tipped it, and player A on team 2 caught it, the turnover would be player A1's fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: As it was not specified, these are Middle/High School rules. I can not vouch that this is also an NBA or College rule&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE: I FOUND &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/419606-basketball-rules-what-are-turnovers/&quot;&gt;THIS&lt;/a&gt; BLOG IN WHICH IT STATES THAT, IN THE NBA, THE LAST PERSON TO TOUCH THE BALL IS GIVEN THE TURNOVER.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastEditorUserId="120" LastEditDate="2012-02-12T16:49:07.860" LastActivityDate="2012-02-12T16:49:07.860" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="67" CreationDate="2012-02-11T20:00:46.780" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, high tops appear to help with ankle injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1323436/pdf/jathtrain00001-0040.pdf&quot;&gt;A study&lt;/a&gt; was done by the National Center for Biotechnology Information to determine if there was a difference in ankle rotation when wearing high tops compared to wearing low tops. In the study the participants stood on a platform on one foot and the platform would be released at a random time which would turn the base of the foot by 35°. The degree and rate of ankle inversion was measured to determine the amount of stress that was being exerted on the participant's ankle. The following is the conclusion of the study:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;High-top shoes reduced the amount of inversion by 4.5°, the&#xA;  maximum rate of inversion by 100.1°/s, and the average rate of&#xA;  inversion by 73.00°/s when compared with low-top shoes.&#xA;  Depending upon the loading conditions, subjects wearing&#xA;  high-top shoes may reduce their risk of ankle sprains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as to why some players prefer to play in low top shoes, &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3761462&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from ESPN explains that Kobe Bryant was originally inspired by soccer players who exert similar strain on their ankles in low top shoes. According to the article, low top shoes weigh 20% less which provides the player with more energy and greater ability to change direction. Also, most professional players have their ankles taped and wrapped before each game whether they wear high tops or not which also helps with preventing ankle injury. Kobe Bryant is quoted in the article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've been playing basketball all my life and I've worn high-tops for a lot of those games, and I've rolled my ankle plenty wearing high-tops. If you come down on somebody's foot, you're going to roll your ankle and there's not a lot you can do about it. But to have a low, I feel like it gives your foot more freedom to change direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T20:00:46.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="210" CreationDate="2012-02-11T21:27:50.493" Score="21" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a good way to run during the winter in cold countries with snow? How can you maintain your training without having to run on a treadmill, which I don't enjoy? Should I look for other shoes and clothes that are more fitted for cold weather or should I try to find other things to do for a few months?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard that it is bad for you and that you will more easily get sick if you run when it's cold due to the cold air in your lungs, is that true at all? If its in any way true, how late in the autumn should you stop running outside and how early in the spring should you continue running outside again? Somewhere around 0 degrees Celcius of before that, when it's warmer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="91" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T23:10:08.090" Title="What is a good way to run during the winter?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-09-11T21:17:01.893" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="209" CreationDate="2012-02-11T22:20:33.993" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;How funny, I just got back from a run through 0c/32f weather.  I quite dislike treadmills as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, I think you should definitely invest in a nice set of colder-weather running apparel.  Long pants, gloves, a hat or headband, and at least a long-sleeve technical shirt.  A technical shirt will keep your body dry, important for keeping warm in the cold.  A running jacket would be nice too, but I find I don't need one until about 20f/-7c, above that it makes me sweat too much and (as I mentioned above) that's not good for winter running.  If it's not snowing hard or particularly icy, you should be fine in your regular shoes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also mix up your regimen a bit.  Unless you're an elite runner who needs to keep improving, just concentrate on getting enough exercise to maintain your fitness.&#xA;Shift more towards cross-training, in particular things you can do inside, like a stationary bike or swimming. Find an indoor track, if you can, and do intervals or other speed work.  Lift two, maybe three times a week (you should be at least once a week anyway; and remember, you're toning, not bodybuilding).  I'd say you should get four runs in each week,  which can include one speed day. If there happens to be inclement weather on a day you were going to do a run outside, you can either swap with an indoor day (once, you shouldn't go three days in a row without running), or suck it up and use a treadmill.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bit about getting sick in the cold is an old wive's tale. Cold weather doesn't put viruses or bacteria in your lungs. In fact, running (as long as you don't chronically overexert yourself) generally improves your immune system.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastActivityDate="2012-02-11T22:20:33.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="212" CreationDate="2012-02-12T01:34:35.877" Score="15" ViewCount="33111" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit unfamiliar with foul rules. Correct me if my assumption is wrong. So a team has to give a certain number of fouls up a half before they're 1 and 1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that mean each point or free throw is 1 point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T17:55:29.117" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T23:56:46.740" Title="In NCAA Basketball what does it mean to be 1 and 1?" Tags="|rules|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="211" CreationDate="2012-02-12T03:15:16.993" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 and 1 means you're going to shoot a free throw and, if you make it, you're going to shoot another free throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of being &quot;in 1 and 1&quot; that means that if you get a non shooting foul, instead of the other team just getting the ball, they get to shoot a 1 and 1. If you get enough fouls you move out of 1 and 1 and they just start shooting 2 free throws every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that you get a couple 'gimme' fouls to start with, up to 6. For your 7th the other team shoots 1 and 1s. This is called &quot;bonus&quot;. For your 10th, they shoot 2 free throws every time. This is called &quot;double bonus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, where you're expected to play more within the rules (except for travelling, which doesn't seem to exist anymore, but that's another rant) there is no &quot;bonus&quot;. It goes directly into double bonus starting with the 5th foul or the second foul in the last two minutes of the period, if the team wasn't already in the bonus. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can play a big role in the end of the period. If you're down, it's much more dangerous to foul, as it's going to put your opponent further ahead. Or, if you're up, it's going to give your opponent a chance to catch up. Unfortunately, short of a time out, fouls are pretty much the only mechanism to stop the clock. So if the ball gets stolen and the other team is going to run it down the court for a layup, your only option might be to 'accidentally' foul him, say with a reach or a light bodily contact. This at least removes the guarantee of a layup and saves precious seconds off the clock, but puts you further into bonus or into double bonus so actual accidental fouls are penalized harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2015-03-28T23:56:46.740" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T23:56:46.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-12T03:53:36.007" Score="13" ViewCount="1698" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm currently at an intermediate level of snowboarding. I can comfortably carve the snow and can make my way down easy/intermediate hills without falling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's time that I stop using rentals and buy my own board, as I want to go to the slopes more frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of snowboard would you recommend for a person looking for their first board?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T15:11:16.333" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T04:56:52.360" Title="What kind of snowboard would you recommend for a first board?" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="209" CreationDate="2012-02-12T05:40:18.017" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Kevin summarised it nicely, I just can add something from my own experience. The lowest temperature I ran for training was -10C. For temperatures around 0C, I use long, stretchy pants, underpants and simple running t-shirt, coupled with wind-breaker jacket and pants, which are very thin and impregnable. These are enough, since when you run, you generate a lot of heat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For lower temperatures, I add gloves, and a hat and technical shirt with long-sleeves. If you run more than 1 hour under -10C, you start losing heat in the legs, but I never searched for solutions, because my training runs rarely exceed 1 hour. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This winter we had temperatures as low as -25C. Then definitely balaclava is needed, since if you try to run and breath through the nose, you soon start to choke (because the nose cannot warm the air fast enough), and breathing through the mouth may invite cold. On this question though I am not sure. Under cold weather I tried to minimise breathing through mouth just in case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning footwear, if there is no ice or snow, usual footwear suffices. I ran under -10C with simple running socks and usual shoes with no problems. If there is ice or snow, then special shoes should be used, or you can put screws in your old running shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally another advice which I found useful. You must feel cold when you start to run. If you do not feel cold, you are overdressed. This is true, although it is annoying when I wait for my Garmin to catch GPS signal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="127" LastEditorUserId="127" LastEditDate="2012-02-12T07:07:13.150" LastActivityDate="2012-02-12T07:07:13.150" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="217" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="218" CreationDate="2012-02-12T14:48:24.660" Score="12" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although it seems rather counter-intuitive to me, I have heard multiple times that running just a single Marathon per season is more unhealthy than 3-4 Marathons per season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasoning seems to be that it should be rather stressful to the body to get in shape for the first Marathon, but keeping fit between runs shouldn't so bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have looked for some materials on the web to clarify the issue, but to no avail. Can anybody clarify the issue for me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T04:28:41.163" Title="Is one Marathon per season more unhealthy than three Marathon per season?" Tags="|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="217" CreationDate="2012-02-12T16:02:52.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would seem there are so many variables involved that are independent of the number of marathons you run to make any such conclusion meaningless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;personal fitness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;training schedule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;injuries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;genetics (how you handle running)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Racing vs running the marathon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly for an ultra marathoner who has spent decades training, running one or three marathons a month even may not make a difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the other extreme a newbie who is working towards their first marathon, should probably find three marathons in a season a really bad plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in between is where the interesting bits happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is value in keeping your base training for longer, and just using the marathons along the way as long training runs, perhaps at a faster pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice the question did not ask, Racing 3 marathons vs 1.  I think that is a key distinction as well.  If you race the marathons, then that is very different than just running them.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect this is one of those 'it really depends' answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-12T16:02:52.103" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1688" CreationDate="2012-02-12T17:23:28.690" Score="13" ViewCount="15420" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the names of the positions, I would assume that in an I-formation the order (from front to back) would be quarterback, halfback, then fullback. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%3aFootball-Formation-FB.svg&quot;&gt;This Image of the I-Form&lt;/a&gt; shows the fullback in between the quarterback and the running back, and the text from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullback_%28American_football%29&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Typically, fullbacks are larger in size than halfbacks and in most&#xA;  offensive schemes their duties are split between power running and&#xA;  blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I can see why this kind of player would line up where he does, as it enables him to block for the other running back. But why is he called the fullback?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T23:12:35.733" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T20:15:33.490" Title="Why is the player in the middle of I-formation called the fullback?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="225" CreationDate="2012-02-12T18:19:47.327" Score="15" ViewCount="4215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often pacesetters are used to set the correct pace to help break a record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For cyclists there is an obvious physical advantage in running in a group, as those in the middle/back of the group have less wind resistance. Is there a similar benefit for long-distance runners? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is the only benefit pschyological, by not having to worry about timing yourself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is there another reason(s)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2012-04-26T01:22:59.033" LastActivityDate="2012-04-26T01:22:59.033" Title="How does having a pacesetter help set a record?" Tags="|running|records|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2012-02-12T19:42:51.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all goes back to the beginning of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Way back when, the Quarterback would be a quarter of a yard away from the line of scrimmage, the halfback would be half a yard away, and the fullback a full yard away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the name, Fullback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-02-12T19:42:51.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="220" CreationDate="2012-02-12T22:11:10.720" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main benefit is psychological but it's not because you worry about the time.&#xA;Having someone in front of you motivates you to run faster to keep up with him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastActivityDate="2012-02-12T22:11:10.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="223" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-12T22:52:25.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketball is a team &quot;ball and goal&quot; sport in roughly the same class as hockey, lacrosse, association football etc, but differs from these in that it is a non-contact sport, and in the unique design of the goals. It was invented by James Naismith in 1891 as an activity for his gym class on a rainy day, originally using a soccer ball and two peach baskets, hence the name &quot;basket-ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern basketball is played on a court 94' long by 50' wide (slightly smaller for high school, recreational or international play), with a hard, level floor surface such as wood or concrete, and two &quot;baskets&quot;, each composed of a horizontal 18&quot;-diameter hoop with attached fiber net, affixed to a vertical &quot;backboard&quot; and placed with the rim 10 feet above the floor and the backboard slightly inside the out-of-bounds lines, on opposing ends of the court. The primary equipment is the basketball itself, an inflatable, usually orange-brown rubber-composite ball about 30 inches in circumference. A game is played by two teams; formal basketball teams normally consist of ten players who &quot;dress&quot; for each game, five of which are on the court in active play at any one time. Casual recreational games can be played with any even number of players, from two (one-on-one) up to a dozen or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players attempt to move the basketball across the court by bouncing it off the floor (&quot;dribbling&quot; it) while moving, and by throwing or &quot;passing&quot; the ball to their teammates. The rules prohibit moving with the ball without dribbling (&quot;travelling&quot;), and once a player has started dribbling and then stopped and taken the ball in both hands, or supported it from underneath, they may not begin dribbling the ball again (a &quot;double dribble&quot;). Once within range of the basket, players may throw or &quot;shoot&quot; the ball toward the basket with the idea of getting the ball to fall through the hoop and net from above. Doing so earns the scoring team two points for a shot made from close range, and three points if the shot was made from outside a roughly circular line with a radius approximately 20 feet from the basket (this differs slightly at various levels of play). In most formal leagues of play, a team has 24 seconds from the time the team gains possession in order to make a shot, before possession changes to the opposing team; this time is tracked on a &quot;shot clock&quot;, first added to the game in 1954 to discourage teams simply playing &quot;keep-away&quot; after gaining a lead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team not in possession attempts to prevent the other team from making a basket, but no player (offensive or defensive) may make any &quot;aggressive contact&quot; with the opposing team's players, typically called a &quot;personal foul&quot; or just a &quot;foul&quot;. They may typically only touch the ball with their hands or arms during a defensive move, such as intercepting a pass, &quot;stealing&quot; the ball from a dribbling player, blocking a shot or making a &quot;rebound&quot; (catching the ball after an unsuccessful shot). Almost any other contact made with hands, arms or shoulders on another player is a foul, and if the foul was made on a player attempting to shoot the ball, or if the team has committed a certain number of total fouls, a number of &quot;free throws&quot; are awarded to the player who was fouled. If a player accumulates five fouls before the end of the game, he is ejected from the game and his team must play without him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, &quot;technical fouls&quot; are called for egregious violations of the rules such as &quot;flagrant fouls&quot; (intentional, forceful personal fouls), intentional damage to the court or equipment, or poor sportsmanship including physical or verbal abuse of officials. A player who receives two technical fouls is ejected (often with additional penalties such as suspension from play in further games) and each technical foul results in the opposing team receiving two special free throws (made with no other player anywhere near the shooter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in most leagues, &quot;incidental body contact&quot; between players is allowed, and players are entitled to be in their current position on the court at any time. This can often cause confusion to new players or spectators, as hard contact that can send a player to the locker room with a game-ending injury isn't penalized, but small restraining moves or what would appear to be unintentional contact between two players' arms is very often penalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the United States, basketball is played professionally by all-male teams affiliated with the National Basketball Association or NBA, and all-female teams affiliated with the WNBA. Next to the NFL professional football league and Major League Baseball, NBA basketball is the third most popular spectator sport in the United States according to a recent ESPN survey, with collegiate-level NCAA basketball coming in fifth after collegiate football. It has international popularity as well, with many national teams and regional leagues outside the United States, and international play is governed by the French-based &lt;em&gt;Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur&lt;/em&gt; or FIBA (which as of 1989 no longer recognizes a distinction between amateur and professional players). Basketball is also an Olympic sport, with a tournament featured in every Games since 1936.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T17:26:15.377" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T17:26:15.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="224" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-12T22:52:25.880" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of basketball in general. For the American professional basketball league, see [nba]." OwnerUserId="120" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-20T15:31:13.997" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T15:31:13.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="220" CreationDate="2012-02-13T01:33:17.957" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There can be a physical benefit to running (closely) behind someone, just as in cycling, especially if it's a windy day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, pacers are not allowed to offer material benefit (carrying water, muling as we say, or running in front as a wind break).  So in most cases, it's purely psychological.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some ultra marathon races, pacers also offer a degree of safety, as exhausted runners going through the night might get lost, or pass out, etc.  Having fresh legs and a clear head nearby can be very important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T01:33:17.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="220" CreationDate="2012-02-13T01:34:01.887" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the highest level, a pace setter helps ensure they meet their game plan for the race exactly.  The pace setter is told to run a very specific pace (or pace pattern). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This allows the top level runner to just follow along and worry less about pacing, and focus on his/her own race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/182/pace-strategy-for-marathons&quot;&gt;Pace Strategy for Marathon&lt;/a&gt; that asks about strategy for pacing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like most things in long distance running, the answer for a world class pro is different for an age grouper, and different still for a person just out there to complete or even do a personal race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top level racer will have a plan for how he/she desires to hit their goal.  Perhaps a bit faster in the first half, or slower.  Whatever they and their coach decide.  A pace setting lets them stay accurate to that plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T01:34:01.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="209" CreationDate="2012-02-13T01:39:16.913" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with both other posters and will add that I have run down to -30C, and there it is not much different.  A layer or two of running material shirts, under a wind breaker.  At that cold a temperature, while sweat is bad, it cannot be avoided and you might as well try to trap the heat inside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always wear a running hat, but in these temps I would change from one of the vented types to a more solid material, and a head band to cover my ears.  It also helps I keep a full beard in the winter to save exposing my face. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I also biked in those temps for many years, which is a different set of clothes.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are out at seriously cold temperatures, like -20C and colder (By the way, inhale deeply, if your nose mucous does not freeze, it is warmer than -15C, easy rough test) make sure to watch exposed skin, (vaseline on top can make a big difference).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get warm and sweaty, whatever you do, do not stop for too long!  My plan while biking around for work at -30C was if I ever got a flat. Lock the sucker up to wherever is available, find a store and go inside till a family member can come pick me up.  The two times I totaled my bike while riding in the winter, I basically walked it back to warm territory (ironically work both times was closest) and the walking kept me warm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T23:10:08.090" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T23:10:08.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="233" CreationDate="2012-02-13T14:46:07.773" Score="12" ViewCount="21901" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that sometimes an offensive lineman will seem to get down in his stance but then stand back up to listen to the Quarterbacks' audible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when he is in his stance and merely twitches its called for a false start. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When can an offensive lineman move and when is it a false start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T15:19:40.943" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T01:32:18.713" Title="When is an offensive lineman allowed to move?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="228" CreationDate="2012-02-13T15:18:40.290" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/positionofplayers&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No interior lineman may move &lt;strong&gt;abruptly&lt;/strong&gt; after taking or simulating a three-point stance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suspicion is that if they get up slow enough, it's not an abrupt action, and therefore not guilty of a false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have seen some trick plays that revolve around the QB getting up slow. The infamous &quot;wrong ball&quot; is one, and another is where the snap is just so slow the defense isn't ready for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T15:37:45.960" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T15:37:45.960" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="244" CreationDate="2012-02-13T15:19:02.343" Score="9" ViewCount="6009" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question asks why tennis is scored 15-30-40, and I'm very satisfied with the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/203/points-are-given-in-tennis-15-30-40-why-40&quot;&gt;Points are given in tennis 15-30-40. Why 40?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some players use 5-30-40 for scoring casual games. Where does the &quot;5&quot; come from? It seems silly to just save one syllable. Might as well call the points 1-2-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T15:47:58.547" Title="Why is casual tennis scoring 5-30-40?" Tags="|tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2012-02-13T15:28:26.607" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've also heard the story that the very first tennis players (we shall call them Adam and Eve) used a clock's minute hand to keep score (15, 30, 45). However, the clock was slightly broken and the hands were a bit loose. So when Eve went to set the score to 45, the hand slipped and fell back down to 40! And that has been the way they score tennis ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="46" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T15:28:26.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="228" CreationDate="2012-02-13T16:56:31.523" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those movements are treated the same as a shift prior to the play or a tight end going into motion. From page 98 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR09.pdf&quot;&gt;college football rule book&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. If a snap is preceded by a huddle or shift, all players of the &#xA;  offensive team must come to an absolute stop and remain stationary in their &#xA;  positions, without movement of the feet, body, head or arms, for at least one &#xA;  full second before the ball is snapped (A.R. 7-1-4-I) [S20].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. It is not intended that Rule 7-1-4-a should prohibit smooth, rhythmical &#xA;  shifts if properly executed. &lt;strong&gt;A smooth cadence shift or unhurried motion &#xA;  is not an infraction.&lt;/strong&gt; However, it is the responsibility of an offensive &#xA;  player who moves before the snap to do so in a manner that in no way &#xA;  simulates the beginning of a play. After the ball is ready for play and &#xA;  all players are in scrimmage formation, no offensive player shall make &#xA;  a quick, jerky movement before the snap, including but not limited to &#xA;  (A.R. 7-1-4-II-IV):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A lineman moving his foot, shoulder, arm, body or head in a quick, &#xA;  jerky motion in any direction [S19].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it appears that the spirit of the rule is not to prevent movement before the snap of the ball, but to prevent the offensive players from simulating the snap. This, to me, largely seems like a judgement call on behalf of the officials but it is pretty obvious that when the whole offensive line turns around to look at the sideline that they are not attempting to simulate a snap. I'm assuming that the spirit of the rule is the same in the NFL as referenced by corsiKa's answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T17:47:34.377" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T17:47:34.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="280" CreationDate="2012-02-13T18:23:28.827" Score="13" ViewCount="1033" Body="&lt;p&gt;For triathlon, it is often recommended to do a Brick workout.  Bike, Run, Ick.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is run right after finishing a distance bike ride. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What benefit does this provide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T22:03:11.797" Title="What is the purpose of a Brick workout?" Tags="|running|triathlon|cycling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="237" CreationDate="2012-02-13T19:45:40.310" Score="13" ViewCount="16813" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the referee will flag a team for having an &quot;illegal formation&quot;. What are the restrictions on how a team is allowed to line up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="132" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T23:12:11.987" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T14:26:15.980" Title="What makes a formation illegal?" Tags="|american-football|rules|officiating|nfl|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="236" CreationDate="2012-02-13T19:59:18.513" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/10_Rule7_BallInPlay_DeadBall_Scrimm.pdf&quot;&gt;From the rulebook:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 5 Position of Players at the Snap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 1: Offensive Team. The offensive team must be in compliance with the following at the snap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) It must have seven or more players on its line (3-18); and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) All players who are not on the line, other than the receiver of the snap under center, must be at least&#xA;  one yard behind it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) No player may be out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An illegal formation for the offense would be one where there are not 7 men on the line. There are no restrictions on the defense's formation during normal play, however the defense can be penalized during special teams play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During a punt, a field-goal attempt, or a Try Kick, a defensive&#xA;  player, who is within one yard of the line of scrimmage at the snap,&#xA;  must have his entire body outside the snapper’s shoulder pads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T20:24:05.893" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T20:24:05.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2012-02-13T22:00:37.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am by no means a cricket expert, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.questioncricket.com/2009/05/bowling-ends.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; seems to suggest that the bowler determines the bowling end based on his technique, preference and variations of an individual pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Depending upon the variations in pitch the bowler chooses his end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the team who bowls first is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket-rules.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;determined by the captain who wins the coin toss&lt;/a&gt;, it seems that there could conceivably be a considerable a strategic advantage to winning the coin toss, choosing to bat second and allowing your bowler to choose his end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T22:00:37.940" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="239" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-13T23:11:37.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the rules of sports, the codified restrictions, permissions and requirements that establish how a sport is played. In some sports these are also known as &amp;quot;laws&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag includes questions about regulations for particular competitions or formats, the extensions or alterations to rules that establish frameworks within which individual games or matches of a sport are played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag does not include questions about how to apply or enforce rules and regulations, unless such a question also requires knowledge and interpretation of the rules. Those questions should be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/officiating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;officiating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;officiating&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions may be generalised to many sports, or specific to the rules and regulations for a single sport. Questions must also be tagged for any specific sports or competitions they ask about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T20:50:14.803" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T20:50:14.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="240" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-13T23:11:37.463" Score="0" Body="Questions about the rules of sports, including regulations for particular competitions or formats. Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport or competition." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-03-19T00:07:47.017" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T00:07:47.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="241" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-13T23:15:16.900" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-02-13T23:15:16.900" LastActivityDate="2012-02-13T23:15:16.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="242" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-13T23:15:16.900" Score="0" Body="Questions about the equipment used for a particular sport. This tag should always be combined with a tag for the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-14T04:51:58.397" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T04:51:58.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="245" CreationDate="2012-02-13T23:48:31.337" Score="25" ViewCount="13527" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympic (or International) distance triathlon is 1500m swim, 40K bike, 10K run.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet when run as the qualifier or at the Olympics, this is draft legal.  Where as all tris of that distance I have ever raced (since I will never be fast enough to qualify) are not draft legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="94" LastEditDate="2012-02-14T08:50:07.830" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T17:36:02.737" Title="Why is drafting allowed on the bike in an Olympic triathlon and not otherwise?" Tags="|rules|triathlon|olympics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="230" CreationDate="2012-02-14T04:47:04.397" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;5 is just shorthand for 15. When they say 5 they mean 15 - they're not actually referring to the number 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watch any professional tennis though, you'll never hear &quot;5&quot; - they always use the official scores - 15, 30, 40, game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basketball terms, it would be like saying &quot;J&quot; for jumpshot, basically. It's just a slang term. Some players also like to just use the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 in place of 15, 30, 40 and deuce. They'll say &quot;4 all&quot; instead of deuce or 3-2 instead of 40-30. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T04:47:04.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="243" CreationDate="2012-02-14T05:19:07.450" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the swim is so short, it's unavoidable that people will be bunched up in the start of the bike. And then the bike is not long enough to spread out the packs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In recreational races, the race organizers generally prefer to forbid drafting as a safety measure. In fact, their insurers probably mandate it.  It's just dang dangerous to have a bunch of newbies trying to draft in an olympic distance race. For the pros, this is not so much of a concern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T05:19:07.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="235" CreationDate="2012-02-14T05:27:02.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The performance benefit of brick workouts is widely debated. One thing that is much less argued is the importance of doing some brick workouts prior to your first race(s) to get used to running off the bike.  It can be quite disorienting the first couple of times.  You can help this phenomenon by synchronizing your bike and run cadences as much as possible.  Riding at 90rpm, then jumping off the bike and trying to run at 60 (or vice-versa), your legs will feel lost for 5-15 minutes.  But riding at 90 and taking off running at 90 can smooth things out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T05:27:02.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="243" CreationDate="2012-02-14T09:09:55.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is more security related than distance/type related. The course topography has a major part as well. If the course is more of urban type, roads/streets/pavements - drafting is more likely to be forbidden, as the chance of a crash is bigger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many races of Olympic length that allow drafting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="94" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T09:09:55.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2012-02-14T14:13:36.907" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the laws to govern this point.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most competitions have local rules to cover points where the laws aren't always clear (e.g. number of overs, time limits and so on). So they might wish to define the starting end (or - by induction - the finishing end of a limited overs game): if so, those responsible for the rules of that competition may wish to prescribe.  (Note that in most indoor versions of the game, playing in moderately large  gymnasia, all the bowling is done from one end, with the batsmen changing ends at the completion of each over).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly in practice the fielding captain will nominate his bowler.  Regular bowlers familiar with a ground will usually have a preferred end from which they wish to deliver, and it would be wrong for the laws to override the captain's wishes without good reason.  Similarly some batting openers like to take the first ball and will switch over if the senior man has a preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly the laws are silent on what should happen in a dispute.  Suppose the fielding captain wants Bowler A to bowl the first ball to Batsman Z, but batsman Y wants to face him.   Law 42.2 states that the umpires are sole judges of fair and unfair play, so they would intervene if they felt that either side was trying to manipulate a particular striker to face (or not face) the first ball.  Reading between the lines of the law, the batsmen's wishes will have precedence, because if they have selected ends, the fielding side would be guilty of time wasting if they then decided to change the identity of the bowler (see Laws 42.9 fielding side &amp;amp; 42.10 - batsmen wasting time) or the end from which he bowled.  In such a situation most umpires would tell the fielding captain to get on with it.  The batsmen have the thinner end of this particular wedge, because the fielding captain can always switch his bowling around in a manner which he  decides will best irritate and perplex them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice the one of the opening pair who plans on taking the first ball will check with the umpires/fielding captain who is bowling and from which end; a refusal to disclose is pretty much unheard of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T14:13:36.907" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="253" CreationDate="2012-02-14T15:16:13.977" Score="32" ViewCount="10078" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never understood this form of scoring. What is the origin of this score &quot;title&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T20:40:15.627" LastActivityDate="2019-02-03T15:22:12.650" Title="Why is the word Love used as a score for Tennis?" Tags="|tennis|terminology|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="252" CreationDate="2012-02-14T15:46:50.057" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be some debate on where the term started. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One common explanation is that it was adapted from the French word &lt;em&gt;l'oeuf&lt;/em&gt; (pronounced &quot;luff&quot;), which means &lt;em&gt;egg&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;zero&lt;/em&gt;. In American sports, we often use a similar term of &lt;em&gt;goose egg&lt;/em&gt; to refer to a score of zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-is-the-origin-of-love-meaning-nil-in-tennis-scoring&quot;&gt;Oxford Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; also believes that the term &quot;Love&quot; could have been adapted from the phrase &quot;to play for &lt;strong&gt;love&lt;/strong&gt; [of the game]&quot;. Meaning that, if you have no score then you must be playing for the love of the game because you are obviously not very good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T15:46:50.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-14T16:10:25.207" Score="13" ViewCount="3356" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on limited research that I've done recently, it seems that the triangle formation is an attacking formation used primarily by midfielders to advance the ball by forming a rotating triangle pattern on the field and exploiting the many passing lanes that it can create in the defense. Is this understanding correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kinds of things are important when trying to execute the triangle? (good passing, good dribbling, fast, disciplined, etc...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What formations or techniques do coaches and players use to stop teams that rely heavily on the triangle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T21:03:50.397" Title="What are the advantages/disadvantages of the triangle formation?" Tags="|football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="256" CreationDate="2012-02-14T16:23:47.127" Score="26" ViewCount="13780" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does a sport transition into the Olympics?  What are the qualifications?  Is there a process?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:29:36.263" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T20:19:19.967" Title="How does a sport become an Olympic Sport?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="255" CreationDate="2012-02-14T18:41:47.867" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/sports&quot;&gt;the official site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To make it onto the Olympic programme, a sport first has to be recognised: it must be administered by an International Federation which ensures that the sport's activities follow the Olympic Charter. If it is widely practised around the world and meets a number of criteria established by the IOC session, a recognised sport may be added to the Olympic programme on the recommendation of the IOC's Olympic Programme Commission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Chapter 5, Section III of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf&quot;&gt;Olympic charter&lt;/a&gt; [pdf], every edition of the Olympics must include all &quot;core&quot; sports. These core sports are chosen by the Session upon proposal by the IOC Executive Board. In the summer, they must include at least 25 of the sports governed by the following 28 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/content/The-IOC/Governance/International-Federations/&quot;&gt;federations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;- International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Rowing Federation (FISA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Badminton World Federation (BWF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Baseball Federation (IBAF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Basketball Federation (FIBA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Boxing Association (AIBA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Canoe Federation (ICF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Cycling Union (UCI)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Equestrian Federation (FEI)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Fencing Federation (FIE)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Association Football Federation (FIFA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Gymnastic Federation (FIG)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Weightlifting Federation (IWF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Handball Federation (IHF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Hockey Federation (FIH)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Judo Federation (IJF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Swimming Federation (FINA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Union of the Modern Pentathlon (UIPM)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Softball Federation (ISF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- World Taekwondo Federation (WTF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Tennis Federation (ITF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- World Archery Federation (WA)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Triathlon Union (ITU)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Sailing Federation (ISAF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Volleyball Federation (FIVB)&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these except baseball and softball are currently part of the core.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In winter, the core includes only the sports governed by the following seven federations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;- International Biathlon Union (IBU)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- World Curling Federation (WCF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Luge Federation (FIL)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Skating Union (ISU)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- International Ski Federation (FIS)&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Olympic Committee also recognizes a number of other sports; the committee session at which the host city is selected can also specify that some of these sports are to be included in that edition of the games, but only up to a maximum of 28 sports (which gives quite a bit of leeway in the winter games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a sport's governing body to be recognized and hence be eligible for inclusion in the games, it must be in compliance with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wada-ama.org/World-Anti-Doping-Program/Sports-and-Anti-Doping-Organizations/The-Code/&quot;&gt;World Anti-Doping Code&lt;/a&gt;; but the final decision rests solely with the committee as determined by a vote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball and softball have been removed from the games as of the 2012 edition; this opens up two slots. Those slots will be filled by golf and rugby sevens in the 2016 games, bringing the total back to the maximum 28. Golf and rugby are not, however, part of the core, so they could be dropped as early as the 2020 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From: &lt;a href=&quot;http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/150&quot;&gt;http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/150&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Softball, baseball, karate, squash, roller sports, wushu, wakeboard&#xA;  and sports climbing: one of these sports could be included on the&#xA;  sports programme of the 2020 Games. The decision will be made at the&#xA;  125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires in 2013. This list was approved by&#xA;  the Executive Board before the 123rd IOC Session held in Durban, South&#xA;  Africa, in July 2011.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-19T20:05:16.650" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T20:05:16.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="257" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-14T18:49:16.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about collegiate sports, including sports sanctioned by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:44:19.123" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:44:19.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="258" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-14T18:49:16.923" Score="0" Body="Questions about collegiate sports, including sports sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T15:32:52.613" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T15:32:52.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="33" CreationDate="2012-02-14T20:00:33.433" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poolewindsurfing.co.uk/windsurfing-boards-windsurfing-sails-size/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;windsurfing blog post&lt;/a&gt; with a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poolewindsurfing.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/windsurfing-equipment-calculator.xls&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to an Excel spreadsheet (titled &quot;Ultimate Windsurfing Equipment Size Calculator&quot;), developed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://jimbodouglass.blogspot.com/search?q=sail%20calculator&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Douglass&lt;/a&gt;. His spreadsheet runs some calculations using several factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;windsurfer's weight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sail size&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The spreadsheet has several reports/graphs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boards&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minimum size beginners board you should be using&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ideal first short board&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Smallest size windsurf board that can be uphauled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sails&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Two lists showing different wind strengths &amp;amp; what size sail you should be using&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A separate list showing wind strength &amp;amp; sail size for a beginner &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A graph showing ideal sail size versus wind speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This spreadsheet might offer the type of info you're looking for. Mr. Douglass also provides an &lt;a href=&quot;http://jimbodouglass.blogspot.com/2010/11/updated-windsurf-calculator-online.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;online version&lt;/a&gt; of his spreadsheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also provides the following advice to beginners in &lt;a href=&quot;http://jimbodouglass.blogspot.com/2008/02/top-16-windsurfing-questions-answered.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this &quot;Top 16 Windsurfing Questions Answered&quot; FAQ&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question #6- I’m a beginner windsurfer looking for my first sail. What kind of sail should I get, and in what size?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer&lt;/strong&gt; You should &lt;strong&gt;get a sail between 2 and 7 meters squared, depending on your size and the wind speed you are likely to sail in&#xA;  most often.&lt;/strong&gt; Check the windsurfing equipment calculator to see what’s&#xA;  right for you (&lt;strong&gt;pink line on chart&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;As you get better, you can start&#xA;  using sails closer in size to those recommended for experienced&#xA;  sailors (blue line on chart)&lt;/strong&gt;. Your first sail should have a minimum of&#xA;  3 and a maximum of 6 battens, and should have no camber inducers or&#xA;  “cams” on any of the battens. Also, avoid sails and masts made before&#xA;  the year 2000 and sails advertised for racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basicwindsurfing.com/windsurfing-sails-size.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; had some pointers regarding sail size:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For an amateur windsurfer, sails ranging from 5 to 6.5 square meters in size are recommended as they work well for light winds up to winds of 4-5 knots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article offers a quick overview of sails, with this final recommendation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We suggest you start off by choosing light-wind sails to get the knack&#xA;  of windsurfing. Eventually, you can experiment with various sizes of&#xA;  the sails, and finally find the one that appeals to you the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Added info from James Douglass' FAQ and a link to an online version of his calculator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T17:19:24.653" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T17:19:24.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="260" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="286" CreationDate="2012-02-14T20:08:48.257" Score="4" ViewCount="1039" Body="&lt;p&gt;Concussions are becoming a major long-term health concern for participants in American football, particularly among youth and high school leagues, where equipment might not be as up to date as those found in the professional or college levels. I've come across &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-06-25/health/ct-met-concussion-sidebar-20110625_1_mild-traumatic-brain-injuries-concussion-helmets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;articles&lt;/a&gt; that state that certain mouthguards and newer helmets might reduce the risk, but haven't seen any definitive studies that prove that a particular piece of equipment or fitting &quot;works.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any list of equipment (and any associated fitting/practices) that is proven to help football players avoid concussions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T07:04:07.343" Title="Football equipment that can reduce risk of concussions" Tags="|american-football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="261" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="266" CreationDate="2012-02-14T20:17:35.593" Score="6" ViewCount="2284" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26353&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;61.1 Slashing&lt;/strong&gt; - Slashing is the act of a player swinging his stick at an opponent, whether contact is made or not. Non-aggressive stick&#xA;  contact to the pant or front of the shin pads, should not be penalized&#xA;  as slashing. Any forceful or powerful chop with the stick on an&#xA;  opponent’s body, the opponent’s stick, or on or near the opponent’s&#xA;  hands that, in the judgment of the Referee, is not an attempt to play&#xA;  the puck, shall be penalized as slashing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my interpretations of the rule above, slashing seems somewhat subjective - it depends on whether the referee feels that a player was attempting to play the puck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that a player is playing the puck, will hockey referees ignore any contact to an opponent, even if the chop is aggressive or forceful? How much does the rule's intent to reduce injury risk affect these types of calls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="167" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T17:57:46.587" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T14:24:37.927" Title="How is the slashing rule enforced in hockey?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="378" CreationDate="2012-02-14T20:26:27.703" Score="11" ViewCount="6266" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall that Don Mattingly was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/blog/archives/7470&quot;&gt;forced to remove&lt;/a&gt; his pitcher due to two mound meetings in an inning. I've read &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/playoffs/2009/news/story?id=4617458&quot;&gt;articles&lt;/a&gt; that indicate that a limit was placed on manager-led mound meetings to speed up the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/pitcher_8.jsp&quot;&gt;rule reference&lt;/a&gt; (8.06):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.06&lt;/strong&gt; A professional league shall adopt the following rule pertaining to the visit of the manager or coach to the pitcher: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) This rule&#xA;  limits the number of trips a manager or coach may make to any one&#xA;  pitcher in any one inning; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) A second trip to the same pitcher in&#xA;  the same inning will cause this pitcher's automatic removal; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) The&#xA;  manager or coach is prohibited from making a second visit to the mound&#xA;  while the same batter is at bat, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) if a pinch-hitter is&#xA;  substituted for this batter, the manager or coach may make a second&#xA;  visit to the mound, but must remove the pitcher. A manager or coach is&#xA;  considered to have concluded his visit to the mound when he leaves the&#xA;  18-foot circle surrounding the pitcher's rubber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any historical reasons that caused this rule to be put in place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T16:58:41.790" Title="Why the limit on manager mound visits?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-02-14T20:34:03.453" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/42157/extreme_sports/avoid_mistakes_in_choosing_your_first_snowboard.html&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; lists several criteria to consider when choosing a first snowboard:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Price of the board - get a cheap board or a higher quality board? Buying new or used could also be a factor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men or women's board - generally a criteria for women, since men/boys will usually get a board designed for men&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The type of snowboarding the rider will be participating in - &quot;Different snowboards are build for different terrains and different styles of riding.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Length of the board - varies greatly by individual preference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article has one suggestion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, factor in the stiffness of the board. As a beginner, you will&#xA;  probably want a soft-flexing board. One that is forgiving of mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T20:34:03.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="262" CreationDate="2012-02-14T21:46:20.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe previous editions of the official MLB rules are publicly available, so I was not able to check when this particular rule was first enacted. All I can prove is that it existed as of &lt;a href=&quot;http://78pyc.org/rules_policies/baseball_rules/MLB%20Rules%207-06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that this particular rule was added to speed up the pace of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="46" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T21:46:20.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="260" CreationDate="2012-02-14T22:21:54.567" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was &lt;a href=&quot;http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/10/study-ranks-10-football-helmets-for-concussion-safety/&quot;&gt;a study at Virginia Tech&lt;/a&gt; that was geared to find the &quot;top 10&quot; helmets for concussion safety. I've no idea of the exact results of the research (nor do I know where to find them) but I do know of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbes.vt.edu/nid.php&quot;&gt;The top ten helmets for preventing concussions, according to Virginia Tech&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T22:21:54.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="261" CreationDate="2012-02-14T23:16:32.560" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please note I do not referee in any league. I haven't seen many referee's for hockey here yet so I will attempt to answer from the viewpoint of a player and fan of the game. I will of course bow out my answer to someone who does do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL has been making attempts to reduce risk and injury to players so to answer the last part I'd say it makes a huge impact on the call. Using your stick to touch an opponent's body is in general a &quot;no-no&quot; in hockey. Sticks can be extremely dangerous when going at the speeds hockey can reach and even when standing still you can accidentally get a stick caught somewhere in between the protective pads and cause serious injury. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will they ignore all contact to an opponent? I would say if a player's stick makes contact with the opponent whether forceful or not and whether or not they meant to play the puck they will generally get called for slashing or possibly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26347&quot;&gt;hooking&lt;/a&gt;. Even if the puck was the intended target of play but the player hits the opponent it would still generally be considered a penalty. The end result of the play is what is considered, not the good intentions of the play. The only safe time a player's stick could make contact with the opponent's stick without directly playing the puck would be if a player is attempting to lift his/her opponent's stick. Other times there is not much good reason for your stick to be anywhere but near the puck or underneath the opponent's stick if they are attempting to play the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastActivityDate="2012-02-14T23:16:32.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="33" CreationDate="2012-02-15T11:12:15.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to JW01's post, a key step change in the sizes you should use comes at the point you progress past uphauling to water starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you uphaul, a large sail can be incredibly difficult, as the wind tries to push it back down into the water, and if you can't uphaul rapidly you will tend to pivot round leaving the mast pointing upwind - so a smaller sail is ideal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you can water start, a bigger sail actually makes life much easier, as all you have to do is lie in the water upwind of the board, with the mast on your shoulder (very easy) and pop it up to catch the wind. A nice big sail can then lift you onto the board in even relatively light winds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course the other aspect not mentioned is sea and wind conditions - if the sea is choppy, a smaller sail can be much easier to manage, but if the wind is gusty a large sail can help ride through the lulls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T11:12:15.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-15T18:35:51.917" Score="13" ViewCount="3458" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes all players in the wall will jump to prevent the ball being kicked over the wall. This then leaves a gap at the bottom, through which a low shot can pass, and through which Ronaldinho scored in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2006/matches/round=2357/match=1116395/postmatch/report/index.html&quot;&gt;match for Barcelona against Werder Bremen&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best option for the defending team? Jump or stand still? Does it depend on the distance from goal or the height of the players? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-15T22:07:44.237" LastActivityDate="2022-11-28T07:51:40.260" Title="Should players in the wall jump to defend a free kick?" Tags="|football|strategy|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="269" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="281" CreationDate="2012-02-15T18:47:03.067" Score="34" ViewCount="167113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I frequently hear quarterbacks say something like &quot;53 has the mic&quot; when pointing out the defensive formation. Usually the player number that he points out is a linebacker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the defensive player that the quarterback points out has the microphone that connects to the defensive coordinator, but what does that signal to the rest of the offense? Is that player covering, or is there some other job that comes with &quot;having the mic&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T01:54:01.653" Title="&quot;53 has the Mic&quot; means what in American Football?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2012-02-15T18:53:54.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if you can say that one strategy is better than another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the best thing you can do if you're concerned about this would be to watch a lot of tape on your opponents and see what they do most often and try to adapt your strategy to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they often send someone wide for a cheap pass then maybe you will want to widen or shift your wall to compensate or send an extra rover to handle them. If they often go for the top of the net then perhaps you will want to have your guys jump. I think it all depends on your analysis of your opponent which comes from playing them in the past and from watching a lot of film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T18:53:54.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="269" CreationDate="2012-02-15T18:55:06.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each team can have one player on the field with an active radio headset. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By watching where that player is looking, you have gained information into what he's thinking. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By watching the signals of that player, you have gained information about what he might be telling his fellow defenders.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defender with the mic is likely to have the most advanced knowledge of what the offense is going to do, making him the biggest threat to the play. By being aware of him, whoever is assigned to block him should know that he is the biggest threat and might have tricks up his sleeve.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, the defense has been doing this to the quarterback for years. Now that the defense has an announced coordinator with the bench, it allows the offense to start picking up on this too. Unfortunately, only 3 people often have an opportunity to see what the defense is doing, and two of them are usually so far away from everyone they can't communicate with them anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-15T19:02:13.467" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T19:02:13.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="269" CreationDate="2012-02-15T19:20:11.843" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coldhardfootballfacts.com/Articles/11_2306_Defensive_radio_helmets%3a_a_good_idea_gone_bad.html&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, up to two defensive players can have helmets with radios/microphones to communicate with their defensive coaches, starting in the 2008 NFL season. However, only one player can have a radio on the field at any given play. Each of these radio-equipped helmets is marked with a green dot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As with the offensive transmitters, the defensive devices will go live&#xA;  immediately after the play clock begins and will remain active until&#xA;  15 seconds are left on the play clock or the snap of the ball,&#xA;  whichever comes first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two defensive players from each team will be identified and will be&#xA;  authorized to have receivers in their helmets, one as the primary and&#xA;  the other as the backup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The primary player will have one &quot;live&quot; helmet on the field and a&#xA;  second &quot;live&quot; helmet stored in a secured trunk or container as a&#xA;  backup in case of a malfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The backup player will wear his regular helmet on the field and will&#xA;  have a &quot;live&quot; helmet stored in the secured trunk or container in the&#xA;  event of an injury to the primary player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantage of having these helmets is that the defensive coordinator can make changes to defensive calls, based on what the defensive staff sees from the offensive. This change provided defenses a counter to the quarterbacks' communications advantage. From the offense's perspective, knowing which player is making defensive audibles is probably of limited value, since the radio turns off with 15 seconds left on the play clock. The defensive player with the radio would be quite obvious - the two designated players are chosen before the game, and the active one would be wearing a helmet with the green dot and would be passing along updated defensive plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is another possibility, as Peter King notes in a recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/peter_king/02/12/eli/&quot;&gt;Sports Illustrated column&lt;/a&gt;. He relates an Eli Manning anecdote describing the importance of knowing who is &quot;the mike&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When quarterbacks go to the line of scrimmage, they most often point&#xA;  to the foe they're using as the middle linebacker, in order for the&#xA;  offensive line to know which man they're going to block.&lt;/strong&gt; The first man&#xA;  to the right of the &quot;mike'' linebacker, for instance, will be blocked&#xA;  by the right guard, etc. And so when Manning would see Ray Lewis,&#xA;  number 52 on the Ravens, across the line and bark out, &quot;52's the&#xA;  mike,'' Lewis would scurry to the outside of the formation and yell,&#xA;  &quot;I'm the mike!'' And Ed Reed or another defender would slip into&#xA;  Lewis' spot and yell, &quot;I'm the mike!'' They were taunting Manning, and&#xA;  it shook him up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to this column, knowing which defensive player is &quot;the mike&quot; sets up the offensive blocking assignments, which is likely to be of more importance to the offense than knowing the identify of the defensive player with the radio-equipped helmet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Fixed typo in last paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-02-15T19:37:45.690" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T19:37:45.690" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="274" CreationDate="2012-02-15T20:24:44.790" Score="15" ViewCount="9774" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a quite impressive list of boxing organizations (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_organisations_internationales_de_boxe_anglaise&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to a French Wikipedia page without its English version). Why do so many organizations exist? WBA, WBO, WBC, IBF, IBC, IBO, etc.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Choose a 3 or 4 letter acronym having a &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt; and you have a good chance of finding one of their names).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems they all run in parallel, with their own title holders, but we can also see boxers being able to get belts from different organizations, like for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermain_Taylor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jermain Taylor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;unifying&lt;/em&gt; (think it's the right term) the WBA, WBC, WBO and IBF titles.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how are all those organizations related? Does a boxer have to choose an organization in the list before fighting? How does all of this work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-10-01T16:28:36.520" LastActivityDate="2020-12-12T22:38:56.890" Title="Why so many boxing organizations and their differences?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="273" CreationDate="2012-02-15T20:37:26.240" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boxingnews24.com/2011/06/who-or-what-is-killing-boxing/&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; states it simply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do we have to have all these boxing organizations? The WBA, WBC,&#xA;  IBF, WBO, IBO, XYZ, etc? How do we know who is the real world&#xA;  champion. &lt;strong&gt;The reason we have all these unnecessary titles is because&#xA;  of two things. Money and control.&lt;/strong&gt; The sanctioning fees and fighting&#xA;  for a title is not cheap for a fighter. So if they can control the&#xA;  fighter, the organization can dictate on who you fight next.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boxing politics and the agendas of the big boxing promoters are also major factors. The leaders of each boxing organization has a vested interest in keeping control of its titles (and associated money flows), and will work with boxing promoters to keep control of each title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In essence, each of the boxing organizations keeps rankings for different weight classes. Boxers may choose to compete for one of more titles of the same weight class across multiple organizations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So who is really at fault here? Is it the politics of boxing? Is it&#xA;  the greedy and sleazy promoters? How about the many boxing&#xA;  organizations with meaningless titles? Or is it the fighters who&#xA;  refuse to fight the best? The answer is all the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T20:37:26.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="275" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-15T20:46:05.357" Score="7" ViewCount="606" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any ideas on workouts or exercises for improving speed on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I say &quot;on the field&quot; because targeting a specified distance (40yd, 100m, etc) can lead to an emphasis on a particular start or technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Running sprints (40yd or other)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Squatting weight or other lifts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Learning to lean when accelerating to create better shin angles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="149" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-15T21:21:36.917" LastActivityDate="2012-02-19T09:44:30.767" Title="Any suggestions on the best way to improve raw speed on the field?" Tags="|running|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="220" CreationDate="2012-02-15T20:47:08.880" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From personal experience I found that a pace setter to be incredibly helpful. I had a race in High School where I was trying to break 5 minutes in the mile as a Sophomore. My best was a low 5 but closer to 5:10 than 5 flat. One of my friends, a senior at the time and the best long distance runner on the team and possibly the state, agreed to help me out and set a good pace for me. We went into the race with this goal and through the first half we were right on. He stayed with me only for one more lap before taking off to win the race, we were in second and third through most of the race and had one guy about 50-100m ahead of us. Before he left me I felt tired, but I knew that the pace was doable, and that it was consistent. He took off and I tried to keep the pace as best as I could, but I fell back a little and finished just a handful of seconds slow. I believe I fell short because I stopped believing in myself to keep the pace and to be able to maintain the speed. And yes, we agreed before that if there was anyone in front of us on the last lap, that he would take off after them - the meet was being scored and we wanted the points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="148" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T20:47:08.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="275" CreationDate="2012-02-15T21:15:33.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certain types of training sessions can improve running speed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interval running&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fartlek running&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hill running&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically going for high quality / high intensity sessions will do much more to improve your speed than lots of junk miles, i.e. long, slow runs (assuming that you want to target speed over a relatively short distance, e.g. 100m - 1/2 marathon).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of running interval session plans (from my running club's website at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.serpentine.org.uk/pages/tuesday_threshold_sessions.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.serpentine.org.uk/pages/tuesday_threshold_sessions.html&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 sets of 10 ( 1min @ 10k pace; 1 min @ tempo pace; continuous running); 2 mins recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2x 5 min (50 secs); 2 x 4 mins (40 secs); 2 x 3 mins (30 secs); 2 x 2 mins (20 secs) all at LT pace&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;12 x 600m @ LT pace; 40 secs recovery &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 x 1 mile @ LT pace pace; 60 secs recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 sets of 10 ( 1min @ 10k pace; 1 min @ tempo pace; continuous running); 2 mins recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 x 5 min (50 secs); 2 x 4 mins (40 secs); 2 x 3 mins (30 secs); 2 x 2 mins (20 secs) all at LT pace; 4 mins rest; then 1 mile as fast as possible&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;12 x 600m @ LT pace; 30 secs recovery &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 x 1 mile @ 10k pace pace; 90 secs recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that these sessions are designed to improve speed at races between 10K and marathon distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="116" LastEditorUserId="116" LastEditDate="2012-02-19T09:44:30.767" LastActivityDate="2012-02-19T09:44:30.767" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-02-15T21:21:41.270" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been snowboarding for 5 years now but it was only this year I actually purchased my own board and binding. I chose the K2 Raygun and I would absolutely recommend it. It's not a beginner's board, and it's a great board for those who are intermediate and above. I consider myself an expert, and the guy at the shop said the Raygun is probably one of the best because you won't really have to upgrade as you get better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, here are some other practical tips when picking out a board:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choose a board that matches your riding style. Do you like hitting the park, do you hate all those park rats, or are you a little bit of both?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Don't buy used. Buy last year's model. Equipment prices are can often seem very high, so you may think that buying used is the only way to go. Used equipment can be fine, but I wouldn't want to take the risk and have your board split or find that the binding screw-holes are stripped. Go to your local shop and find a board you like and see if you can find last year's model. The older the model, the cheaper, and as long as its in the past couple of years, you really won't lose much at in terms of features or quality. My Raygun is last years model, and from what I have seen, the only thing different I would have gotten by paying $150 more was some slightly altered graphics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choose a board that's offered at your local shop. Don't go on a ski trip 1500 miles away and decide to buy your new ride there. Get friendly with your local board shop and you'll find the owner/employees will usually offer great advice and possibly even discounts. If you have any problems with your board, they'll be able to help. Most shops will put your bindings on and set your stance for you right in the shop. That's something you can't get online.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And last of all, choose one that looks cool!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="156" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2017-06-11T04:56:52.360" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T04:56:52.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21" CreationDate="2012-02-15T21:29:39.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Graf makes skates for a wide variety of feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grafcanada.com/hockey_skates/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt; even has a fit chart that will help you pick the right model based on your foot information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="158" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:44:50.807" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:44:50.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="235" CreationDate="2012-02-15T22:03:11.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To build on Mike's answer, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.triathlontrainingguide.com/brick-workouts-for-triathlon-prep/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;triathlon workout article&lt;/a&gt; gives this as the reason for doing brick workouts to train for triathlons (key points highlighted):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So why should you do brick workouts? I bet you have an idea, but just&#xA;  in case you don’t I will answer it anyway. &lt;strong&gt;Brick workouts are used&#xA;  to simulate race conditions because if you aren’t training like you&#xA;  race then you will more than likely fail&lt;/strong&gt; (unless your goal is simply&#xA;  to finish, and that’s okay too). Simply put, if you want to optimize&#xA;  your triathlon performance, then you will need to implement brick&#xA;  workouts as part of your triathlon prep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another benefit to brick workouts is that you &lt;strong&gt;learn how to mentally&#xA;  overcome the pain of moving on to the next event&lt;/strong&gt;. Sure, with enough&#xA;  training you will learn how to run with jelly legs going from the bike&#xA;  to the run, but mentally you need to be ready for the pain. If you&#xA;  know what to expect during each transition, then you will know how&#xA;  fast and how far to push yourself during each event. &lt;strong&gt;Pacing is&#xA;  incredibly important during a triathlon, and brick workouts help you&#xA;  best identify how to handle each event.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beginnertriathlete.com/Enrico%20Contolini/Introduction_to_bricks.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this training article&lt;/a&gt;, bricks are commonly bike/run combos, but there there are also training scenarios for swim/bike combos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T22:03:11.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="269" CreationDate="2012-02-15T22:13:36.760" Score="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases he is actually saying &quot;53 &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; the &lt;strong&gt;Mike&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linebacker#Types_of_linebackers&quot;&gt;four types of linebackers&lt;/a&gt; that are used in typical 3-4 and 4-3 defenses, respectively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mike&lt;/strong&gt; - middle linebacker, responsible for calling plays, jack-of-all-trades&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sam&lt;/strong&gt; - outside strong-side (the side with the tight-end) linebacker, blitzes most often, needs strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will&lt;/strong&gt; - outside weak-side linebacker, drops into pass coverage most often, needs speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jack&lt;/strong&gt; - middle linebacker used in a 3-4 on the weak-side of the Mike, another jack-of-all trades type&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the Mike Linebacker typically carries a microphone, the quarterback is not referring to the microphone that he is wearing, instead he is talking to his blockers and informing them who should block the &quot;Mike&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linebacker#Middle_linebacker_.28MLB.29&quot;&gt;The term Mike linebacker has been used since well before any electronic communication was worn in the helmets&lt;/a&gt;. The Mike is considered the &quot;quarterback of the defense&quot; and is typically one of the biggest and most athletic players on the field and deserves much of the blockers' and running backs' attention. So, when a quarterback says &quot;53 has the Mike&quot; he is not saying &quot;53 is in possession of the microphone&quot; but instead he means &quot;53 is very important and deserves your attention&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, it is important to note that when the quarterback calls out the Mike, it is not necessarily what the defense considers the Mike, nor is it necessarily even the middle linebacker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In running plays, the offensive tackles and guards are typically responsible for blocking the defensive linemen, which leaves the center and fullback left looking for someone leftover to block. When the quarterback calls out the &quot;Mike&quot;, it is typical that the guy who is being singled out will get a lot of attention on that play (maybe they will run right at him, or right away from him). If a fullback's defensive assignment is to &quot;block the Mike&quot; but not necessarily a particular player, the quarterback is basically saying &quot;[for this particular play, and for your blocking assignment purposes] &lt;em&gt;53 is the Mike&lt;/em&gt; [so block him!]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In passing plays, the Mike is called out similarly for pass blocking reasons. Often when a team is in a &quot;max-protect&quot; scheme (where running backs stay in the backfield to help block for the the quarterback), the Mike is called out to the running backs to let them know that they need to block him if he blitzes. The reason that this is important is that if the Mike Linebacker does not blitz, then the running back is often free to running a short passing route into the flat in support of the quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T00:03:16.287" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T00:03:16.287" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="285" CreationDate="2012-02-15T22:33:45.033" Score="6" ViewCount="10341" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most (adult) tournaments I've entered have divisions indicated by NTRP level - i.e. MW(3.0, 4.0) means that men and women who are rated 3.0 or 4.0 can enter. Some of them, though, are listed as MWOp. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;open&quot; mean? Does it just mean that people of any rating can enter, but they would be matched up (at least in early rounds) with players who have similar ratings, or does it mean that it's a free-for-all, where the tournament director could match up a 2.5 player with a 5.0 player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="56" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T05:14:09.623" LastActivityDate="2013-02-28T13:57:19.097" Title="What does &quot;open divisions&quot; mean in a USTA tournament?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="254" CreationDate="2012-02-15T22:51:30.050" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Chelsea under Mourinho used a defensive triangle anchored by Claude Makelele, the advantages of which are described &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.zonalmarking.net/2010/01/25/teams-of-the-decade-13-chelsea-2004-06/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; by the coach himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Look, if I have a triangle in midfield – Claude Makelele behind and two others just in front – I will always have an advantage against a pure 4-4-2 where the central midfielders are side by side. That’s because I will always have an extra man. It starts with Makelele, who is between the lines. If nobody comes to him he can see the whole pitch and has time. If he gets closed down it means one of the two other central midfielders is open. If they are closed down and the other team’s wingers come inside to help, it means there is space now for us on the flank, either for our own wingers or for our full-backs. There is nothing a pure 4-4-2 can do to stop things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="144" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T22:51:30.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="262" CreationDate="2012-02-15T23:10:59.257" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was at least in place when I was a child and first watching baseball games in the mid 1980's.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090823105536AASTt3V&quot;&gt;This person&lt;/a&gt; says early 1970's.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=bi0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT30&amp;amp;lpg=PT30&amp;amp;dq=baseball%20limiting%20visits%20to%20the%20mound%201971&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=9l4MimGFSA&amp;amp;sig=-nNxUQaTiNR2IS3e8RTX8nfbKKM&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=OjM8T4O_EIXe0QH68eScCw&amp;amp;ved=0CFEQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;This edition&lt;/a&gt; of Baseball Digest from 1986 had the rule listed at the bottom of a page, but I'm not sure if that's to simply convey the rule or to identify rule changes that enacted in the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T23:10:59.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="282" CreationDate="2012-02-15T23:35:31.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the definition on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/649/15/Adult-Senior%20Rankings%20Rules%20Regulations%20and%20Requirements.doc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;USTA site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Open division are &lt;strong&gt;open to players of all ages.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, open appears to refer strictly to the age of the player, and not the rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-15T23:35:31.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="260" CreationDate="2012-02-16T00:39:22.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While this is probably not a feasible solution for you to actually implement due to any league rules that you may be playing with, the safest solution &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be to remove helmets from the game altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a different take on the issue, the Wall Street Journal had &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704402404574527881984299454.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; in 2009 that brought up the possibility that the presence of the helmet in football is a major contributor to concussions in the first place and removing the helmet altogether could help reduce the number of concussions in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article notes that a similarly rough sport, Australian Rules Football, that no helmets are used and the probability of getting a concussion in the NFL is 25% higher than in the AFL (Australian Football League). The reasons for this are that players in the NFL often feel like the helmet makes them &quot;invincible&quot; and they tend to turn their bodies into projectiles, using their head as a weapon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it seems that recent studies done on players has shown that long-term brain damage is not caused by big hits to the head, but by the accumulation of thousands of smaller hits which no helmet could ever prevent. Currently the organization that rates helmet safety, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nocsae.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NOCSAE&lt;/a&gt; must give a helmet a &quot;severity index&quot; of 1200 or less for the helmet to be eligible to be sold. It is speculated that to prevent the risk of concussion, a helmet would have to have a rating of 300 or less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in effect, current football helmets would have to be four times safer than they currently are in order to prevent concussions. There are no efforts being made currently to ban football helmets at any level of American Football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T00:39:22.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="168" CreationDate="2012-02-16T01:53:13.070" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grip is a bit of a misnomer, but from a distance that's what it looks like it's doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having a softer material for your putter (or any disc really, but you only expect to do this with a putter) causes more of the energy to go into the chain and less energy back into the disc. The more energy in the disc, the further it's going to go. Either it's going to push the chain out of the way and fly past it, or it's going to hit the chain and bounce backward. Either way, it's going to go somewhere other than where it is - but right now it's hitting a chain, and you'd like it to stay where it is!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine you shot a ping pong ball at the chain - it would bounce off almost every time (assuming you could hit the thing). But if you threw a pillow, there's a good chance that it would stay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously neither ping pong balls or pillows are recommend for disc golf, but they illustrate the physics. Soft materials absorb/transfer energy instead of bouncing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T01:53:13.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="301" CreationDate="2012-02-16T02:55:49.007" Score="12" ViewCount="9150" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading this post about soccer or football (for europeans), &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/158/what-is-the-on-field-role-of-the-captain&quot;&gt;What is the on-field role of the captain?&lt;/a&gt; i was curious about this issue in american football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the role of the football captain(s) besides the coin toss? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how many captains are there on the football (american) team? Is there one captain per team (special teams, defense, offense)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T14:54:59.947" Title="What is the role of the Captain on the (american) football field?" Tags="|american-football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="289" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1141" CreationDate="2012-02-16T03:14:54.350" Score="13" ViewCount="10184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just started kayaking last year and we puchased two kayaks, one 14' and one 13'. We have had great trips building our skills in lakes and in protected areas of the puget sound. We would like to try longer over night trips this year in less protected areas of the sound and possibly along the Washington or Oregon coast. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like the biggest difference between our kayaks and some other sea kayaks is length. I understand that length effects speed and tracking. Are our kayaks going to keep us afloat in the ocean and in rough puget sound waters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="167" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T14:27:58.833" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T07:11:14.523" Title="What kind of sea kayak is OK to use in rough waters?" Tags="|equipment|kayaking|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="290" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="547" CreationDate="2012-02-16T03:26:18.173" Score="11" ViewCount="3171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the necessity of being able to right yourself while you are in a river kayak. How important is this to be able to do in a Sea Kayak?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can easily right my kayak and reenter it without assistance in less than a minute (then pump a ton of water out). But I can not for the life of me roll up right while I'm still in it. I do have a skirt but that didn't help as much as I thought it would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My kayak is 13 feet long and 23.5 wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="167" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T14:28:15.793" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T21:05:18.790" Title="How important is it to be able to roll a sea-kayak?" Tags="|equipment|kayaking|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-10-24T21:18:40.050" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-16T03:45:50.907" Score="-2" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a website which tell you events of a football match when a match is running in details like: freeshot, change player, player injured, shoot, goal ... events ! Does anything like that exist ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="169" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T13:33:53.353" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T13:33:53.353" Title="Any website has live report events of a football match?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-02-16T17:59:06.520" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="292" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-16T04:12:57.497" Score="8" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How can I improve my turns when downhill skiing?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever I make passes back and forth, my uphill ski is at an angle and is awkward, often causing me to stumble.  I would have much better control if I could learn to turn &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; skis at the same time and keep them aligned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="172" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T12:15:53.557" Title="How can I improve my turns when downhill skiing?" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="291" CreationDate="2012-02-16T05:10:26.213" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportinglife.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;www.sportinglife.com&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; specializes in English Premier League games.  If you use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Football&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; link on the left nav pane, and then choose the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportinglife.com/football/live/latestscores/&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Live&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; menu item, you will see all the games they monitor for the day.  Within the listed matches, you will always find (relatively) up to date scores and scorers.  For the games that have links, you will find play-by-play updates.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="79" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T05:10:26.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="282" CreationDate="2012-02-16T05:11:41.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/61/jw8&quot;&gt;JW&lt;/a&gt; said, they are open to players of all ages, but most importantly, they are open to all skill levels also - which means they are the most competitive. Many professional level tour events have the name &quot;Open&quot; in them (French Open, US Open, Australian Open, etc) because they are &quot;Open level&quot; events - meaning anyone can enter the qualifying (or pre-qualifying) draws if they're willing to pay the entry fee. You will usually only see professional level players enter though, because most open divisions are full of very talented players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason why open divisions exist are because at the higher skill levels of the game they are fewer players available to put into a tournament draw so they have to combine the upper skill level players together to have enough. They are plenty of players generally at the 2.5-4.5 level, but at 5.0 and above there generally aren't enough 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, etc. to have a division or &quot;draw&quot; just for that specific skill level. With an &quot;open&quot; division, anyone above, say the 4.5 level can enter and generally expect to draw an opponent that is of similar skill level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer the last part of your question - generally a tournament director doesn't know the rating level of a player in open divisions unless they have self-rated or already have a USTA rating - but most people at the lower rating level (like 2.5) know enough not to enter themselves into the open draw of a tournament. I have never been a tournament director (though I know some people that have) and they generally know the names of most players that enter their open division and know that they belong there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-02-28T13:57:19.097" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="291" CreationDate="2012-02-16T05:46:26.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livesoccertv.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;livesoccertv&lt;/a&gt; will fit your needs. This site ultimately covers all the requirements of football lovers.Furthermore, you can view the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livesoccertv.com/live-scores/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;livescore&lt;/a&gt; and much more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T05:46:26.110" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="275" CreationDate="2012-02-16T08:05:47.823" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you run 10km++ you can focus on three kinds of running:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intervals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do 1 minute at a high pace (70% of max?) and then 30 secs of slow running. Then, increase your high pace with 0.2kmh. Do this until you fall off the threadmill. The session should be 30 minutes so don't start off with too high pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lactate threshold&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Longer runs with variations in pace just over and just under your lactate threshold pace. Let's say 10 minutes on each. Your lactate threshold should be around your half marathon pace, maybe a 25km run. And then your two paces should be 0.7kmh over and under this pace.&#xA;This is very important for pushing your threshold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long easy runs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just relax on these sessions but make sure they are at least 90 minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T08:05:47.823" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="182" CreationDate="2012-02-16T09:28:59.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would definitely go for a slightly slower first half. I tried once to keep a high steady pace throughout the whole race and it didn't work well (Copenhagen 2010). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the psychological effect is huge. When you decide to kick in your slightly faster pace, you start to advance slowly and that helps bigtime on motivation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposite, to see people start to run faster than you, because you have started a bit fast and maybe started in the wrong pacegroup at the startline, that will kill you mentally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T09:28:59.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="299" CreationDate="2012-02-16T10:01:03.983" Score="15" ViewCount="412" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have run several with traditional heel landings.&#xA;Then I started experimenting with a more forefoot strike. In the beginning I did it all wrong and my legs was on the edge of getting a bone membran inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I didn't give up and now I feel I have a more natural forefoot strike.&#xA;I am still stribing for better technique and I wonder at what pace should a typical forefoot strike be effective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that running slowly, like 10-11 kmh the forefoot strike feels a bit unnatural to me. When I run 15-16 kmh the forefoot strike comes natural to me now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my marathon pace is around 12 kmh, and I don't know if I should go for a forefoot strike in that kind of race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T10:46:06.157" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T04:11:12.400" Title="Forefoot landing at certain pace" Tags="|running|marathon|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="298" CreationDate="2012-02-16T11:10:50.360" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best advice i got for forefoot landing that seem to work at  any pace: &lt;strong&gt;try to land below your center of gravity&lt;/strong&gt;. At high speeds this mean lengthen your stride behind you instead of reaching in front and, at low speed keep the same landing and shorten your stride and turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T11:10:50.360" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="292" CreationDate="2012-02-16T11:48:50.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will need both Technical and strength drills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should strengthen your core/torso strength, as that's where most of the movement is coming from, using drills such as squat, lunges, wall seat and more (you can see a good &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epicski.com/a/exercises-for-pre-season-ski-training&quot;&gt;list here&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will also need to improve your technical aspect of the movement (I assume you mean your carving of the snow with both legs - what's called: Parallel ski). There are some gym exercises with specific equipment that can help you master the movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="94" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T11:48:50.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="288" CreationDate="2012-02-16T13:45:49.920" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While team captains have been elected by their clubs throughout the history of football, the team captain was only an official part of the NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d80141cd7/article/nfl-clubs-to-recognize-team-captains&quot;&gt;starting in 2007&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their role on the field is not anything more than representing the team during the coin toss. If they are on the field during a penalty, they are typically the one who communicates with the referee about accepting or declining the penalty, but this is not always so. In the NFL, each team elects a captain (either by vote of the players or appointed by the coaching staff) from the offense, defense and special teams based on leadership on and off the field. In the NCAA, most schools have three team captains but this varies from school to school and the responsibilities of the captain are the same as in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During special event games such as the Super Bowl or a BCS Bowl, schools will often bring in former players or VIP's from the school to serve as honorary team captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T13:45:49.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="50" CreationDate="2012-02-16T17:52:33.283" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one youth &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-tutorials.com/baseball-batting-drills-honing-hitting-skills-0112/970/&quot;&gt;baseball hitting drill&lt;/a&gt;, the instructors used broomsticks and dried beans instead of bats and baseballs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dried Bean Drill&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We have taken soft toss of small waffle balls to a new level. We use&#xA;  dried butter beans (50 cent a bag). It gives the kids something&#xA;  different to hit at and trust me, &lt;strong&gt;when they can hit the bean, a&#xA;  baseball starts to look like a basketball coming at them.&lt;/strong&gt; A few of&#xA;  my &lt;strong&gt;hitters are even able to use a broomstick instead of a bat to hit&#xA;  the beans.&lt;/strong&gt; After starting this drill we had 2 consecutive games&#xA;  where the entire line up batted around twice. Not bad for 7 and 8 year&#xA;  olds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, another instructor/coach used the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-tutorials.com/baseball-tips-and-drills-improving-hitting-skills-0120/1438/&quot;&gt;drill&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can You Hit This Drill&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My 14 u team was struggling to see the  ball. &#xA;  We began working with whiffle balls, then went to ping pong balls,&#xA;  then pinto beans, then navy bean and now lentils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If ya player can see and hit a lentil he can hit a baseball.  Our&#xA;  batting average at the plate doubled after using this drill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The challenge of hitting smaller targets with a smaller bat should improve one's hand-eye coordination for all ball-striking sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theinnergame.com/2010/01/keep-your-eye-on-the-ball/&quot;&gt;tennis specific drill&lt;/a&gt;, one instructor used the following technique:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For instance, if a player were not keeping his eye on the ball, most&#xA;  coaches would give advice such as: ‘Keep your eye on the ball.’ When a&#xA;  player received this sort of instruction he would try to do what the&#xA;  coach was asking him and watch the ball more closely. Unfortunately,&#xA;  no one can keep instructions in the front of their minds for long, so&#xA;  players usually slipped back into their old habits and both coaches&#xA;  and players grew increasingly frustrated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So one day, instead of giving an instruction, Gallwey asked:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;`Can you say “bounce” out loud when the ball bounces and “hit” out&#xA;  loud when you hit the ball?’&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In order to do this, players had to keep their eyes on the ball&lt;/strong&gt; but no&#xA;  longer had a voice in their heads repeating the words ‘I must keep my&#xA;  eye on the ball.’ At this, their play started to improve markedly and&#xA;  the Inner Game method of coaching was born.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With luck, one of these techniques will work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T17:52:33.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="298" CreationDate="2012-02-16T18:05:54.750" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd definitely agree with @solomongaby on landing below your COG. To answer your question directly, a forefoot strike can and should be effective at &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; pace. Bear in mind that the biomechanics (and resulting efficiency) of your strike has everything to do with your carriage. To that effect here are a few things to keep in mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep your posture aligned with ear, shoulder, hip and ankle in a straight line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strive to lean forward &lt;em&gt;at the ankles&lt;/em&gt; and not the hips or waist. Think of falling like a tree&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aim for a quick turnover and shortened stride with the heels pulling up the buttocks at roughly a 45 degree angle. Just as solomon said, this means lengthening your stride behind you.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Try to run as light as possible (to see what I mean, attend a local race and head go to the finish line and &lt;em&gt;listen&lt;/em&gt; to the finishers. The first runners to cross the line will be very light-footed...nearly silent. As more of the field finishes, the runners steps will be louder and heavier. I've always been coached to run as if I'm on sand and trying to leave the lightest print possible)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, another visualization that has helped me tremendously is to imagine you have dowel rods extending from the inside of each ankle. Naturally, you'll need to step over each rod in order to keep from tripping. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this is a lot to swallow I'd also suggest picking one aspect of your form to concentrate on at a time or per training session until you get it down. For a more in-depth look into techniques, exercises and the science behind proper form and subsequent forefoot striking, the Chi-Running (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H26liWMDH8U&quot;&gt;Video Overview of Chi-Running&lt;/a&gt;) and POSE methodologies (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oN1x3Ik1t5Y&amp;amp;feature=related&quot;&gt;Comparison of Heel vs Forefoot strike and Form&lt;/a&gt;) of running are great to learn and study. Both have videos and written literature available. I don't recommend any one over the other as the both generally teach the same style of running but with different terminology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, try 20 - 30 minutes of barefoot running on soft grass. When you remove the barriers of thick soled shoes, it's easier to &quot;feel&quot; proper form and foot strike. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T18:05:54.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="305" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-16T19:15:07.243" Score="11" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;For many years, one of my major &quot;running&quot; dreams have been to run the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nycmarathon.org/&quot;&gt;New York Marathon&lt;/a&gt; - the bridges, the people and the grand background. But I recently found out that the &quot;&lt;em&gt;qualifying time standards&lt;/em&gt;&quot; for the run has been changed, so there are really no chance for me going there...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is then, which Marathons I should aim at if not New York? What are the great Marathons out there that one must do if possible?  Like the almost impossible ones such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.saharamarathon.co.uk/&quot;&gt;Marathon des Sables&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icemarathon.com/&quot;&gt;Antarctic Ice Marathon&lt;/a&gt;? Or the big city venues in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.virginlondonmarathon.com/&quot;&gt;London&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chicagomarathon.com/cms400min/chicago_marathon/&quot;&gt;Chicago&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bmw-berlin-marathon.com/&quot;&gt;Berlin&lt;/a&gt;, or whereever? Or the beautiful ones like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jungfrau-marathon.ch/ct/&quot;&gt;Jungfrau&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.great-wall-marathon.com/Default.aspx&quot;&gt;The Great Wall&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for recommendations for Marathons from people that have first hand experience with these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for scenery and routes that doesn't include too many hills (Being from Denmark - flat, flat, flat - I'm just very bad with hills :-)). I prefer the venues to be well-organized with a stable history... And nothing that requires qualifying times less than 3:30...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until now I have just run many local runs - mainly half-Marathons - and there are many as this &lt;a href=&quot;http://motionslob.dk/l%C3%B8bskalender/&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; shows - but now I would like to &quot;try&quot; something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can find many lists with Marathons on the web... Too many really... It makes it so very difficult to choose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-02-25T13:56:22.013" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T09:34:13.117" Title="Which Marathons to run?" Tags="|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-01-18T09:39:28.173" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="482" CreationDate="2012-02-16T19:15:07.437" Score="12" ViewCount="2970" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NCAA basketball, there are media timeouts at the first whistle after the 16:00, 12:00, 8:00 and 4:00 minute marks of each half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if there is no whistle from the four minute mark until the half-time or final buzzer? It almost happened in this game here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;MISSED 3 PTR by Jones, Johnathon                00:09&#xA;REBOUND (OFF) by (TEAM)                         00:09&#xA;TIMEOUT MEDIA                                   00:08&#xA;GOOD! JUMPER by Waterstradt, Dan                00:06  34-42  V 8&#xA;ASSIST by Cushingberry, Blake                   00:06&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ougrizzlies.com/sports/m-baskbl/stats/2008-2009/mich1220.html&quot;&gt;http://www.ougrizzlies.com/sports/m-baskbl/stats/2008-2009/mich1220.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would have happened if there was no whistle at 0:08?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T17:10:20.450" LastActivityDate="2012-03-03T06:54:38.403" Title="Skip a media timeout in NCAA basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="311" CreationDate="2012-02-16T19:48:05.293" Score="10" ViewCount="7424" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand what the job of a Head Coach is, but what does the Assistant Head Coach actually do during games/in the office?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T22:03:28.807" Title="What is the job of the Assistant Coach in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2012-02-16T20:01:10.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I live in Israel, and only ran 21.1 so far, we got 3 major marathons here: The best (which does not fullfill your flat/flat/flat course) is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jerusalem-marathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Jerusalem Marathon&lt;/a&gt;. It is not flat at all, but the scenery, running around the old city of Jerusalem, the Sacred Wall, through the old city - it's a race you will not forget.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other marathon I can offer you, which is one of the more flat ones you will ever have, it the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tlvmarathon.co.il&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tel Aviv Marathon&lt;/a&gt; (event on March 3rd 2012)  - The course plan is not yet fully approved by the police, but if like last year, it's entire height diff is +-40 meters in height.&#xA;Again, you are running along the sea shore/board walk of Tel Aviv, and into the old city as well (not as beautiful as Jerusalem).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HF, enjoy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="94" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T20:01:10.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="307" CreationDate="2012-02-16T21:30:24.383" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, in NFL and other sports, assistant coaches are responsible for a particular aspect of the team, while the head coach is responsible for the overall direction of the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in football you might have a quarterback coach, an offensive line coach, a running back coach, a kicking coach, a special teams coach, an athletic fitness coach, many of whom are given the title of assistant coach. Their job is to provide specific and expert direction in their areas. This isn't to say that the head coach wouldn't also be an expert in all areas of his team, because it would be bad if he wasn't. But his level of expertise will not be that of the specific coaches, unless he happened to grow out of that position or coaching position before being promoted to head coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very common for someone to be promoted to head coach and keep the responsibilities he held before promotion (especially in interim promotions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some teams do have a specific title of &quot;Assistant Head Coach&quot; - their responsibility is to act as the enforcers of the plan set forth by the head coach. The head coach can only supervise so many things at a time - some clubs feel the need for the extra management. Only two NFL clubs have an &quot;Assistant Head Coach&quot; position that is not also another type of coach like Offensive Line or Defensive Line - Kansas City and St. Louis. It could be a regional thing, both those teams have had a pretty rocky couple years lately, so it could just be that they wanted the extra emphasis on following the team direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find a reference for it, but I would assume that for the teams that have Assistant Head Coaches that are also another type of coach (about half of them do) that if for some reason the Head Coach were unavailable, incapacited, or otherwise unable to perform his duties, that the Assistant Head Coach would take his position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2012-02-16T21:55:34.827" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T21:55:34.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2012-02-16T22:01:35.800" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having done 37 marathons I can say some are definitely nicer than others.  Rating them is an impossible task. I do recommend NYC at least once.  I have guided disabled athletes 4 times now at NYC (run it 5 times myself) and doing it as a guide is a very different perspective and an amazing experience.  (Thus I can say I have run across the Verezanno Narrows bridge with 40,000 other people, and as a group of 50 people on the early start for disabled athletes.  Both ways are awesome!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example Salt Lake City is in July, starts on a mountain top at 5:30AM (start was 55F, finish was 110F) and has tons of downhill, however most of it is outside the city in the mountains and was beautiful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chicago is still easy to get into, and is a great big city marathon.  There is something unique about 40,000 people starting with you.  (I have done NYC 9 times, and Chicago once).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cincinnati is a smaller race, but has great crowd support and a very bizarre pig theme that is probably taken a smidgen too far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often the race directors try to get the course through interesting areas.  In St Louis they run through the Budweiser factory which is sort of clever. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, Mississauga marathon, a city outside Toronto is pretty boring, and I have done it twice, but would probably not do it again.  Not much in terms of sights. As is London, Ontario (Forest City marathon, also done it twice, so I clearly ignore my own advice).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Atlanta was nice but nothing special.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a friend who did all seven continents and she greatly enjoyed all of them.  If you can get to the point where a marathon is 'fun', then you are most of the way there.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are so many races all over the world, pretty much every weekend, that you can travel where ever you like to do a race. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T22:01:35.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="307" CreationDate="2012-02-16T22:03:28.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The duties of an assistant head coach vary widely, because each assistant coach on a football team takes on responsibilities that are designated by the head coach of the team. As an analogy of how duties might differ depending on the head coach, many coordinators may have a title, but plays might actually be called by the head coach (due to the head coach's previous offensive or defensive acumen), while other coordinators have handle play-calling, subject to the strategy set by the head coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @corsiKa has mentioned, many assistant head coaches can be position coaches, while some coordinators may also serve in this role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From general observation, I've seen that head coaches or team owners might designate an assistant head coach for several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Designate a successor (&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3200822&quot;&gt;implied in the case&lt;/a&gt; of the Dallas Cowboys and Jason Garret, though it is against league rules)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reward a long-time/loyal/key assistant with a more prestigious title (particularly if not already a coordinator) - seen at many colleges and the pros (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Marinelli&quot;&gt;Rod Marinelli&lt;/a&gt; at several college/NFL teams, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Seely&quot;&gt;Brad Seely&lt;/a&gt; as special teams coach/asst head coach at several NFL teams, and Mike Singletary and the Minnesota Vikings as &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=6033462&quot;&gt;another example&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Provide justification for higher pay for a non-coordinator (see the Jason Garret case)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While coordinators sometime serve as assistant head coaches, quite frequently special teams or position coaches are rewarded with this title/role. Not all teams have the asisstant head coach role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-16T22:03:28.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="198" CreationDate="2012-02-17T00:10:11.297" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/trainingbyyourself/a/trainbyyourself.htm&quot;&gt;One article&lt;/a&gt; discussed various solo table tennis training drills. Topics included:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Serving Practice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Shadow Play and Ghosting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Solo Footwork Drills&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Video Footage Analysis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Table Tennis Robots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each topic had several practical pointers and tips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletennisforum.gr/forum_posts.asp?TID=5007&amp;amp;title=solo-drills&quot;&gt;table tennis forum post&lt;/a&gt; dealt with this question and had two suggestions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shadow play (mentioned in the first article above)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Purchase a return board&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the return board, one poster noted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;return boards have proper rubber on them, and can actually help you,&#xA;  unlike folding the table up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These resources suggest that there's a wide range of drills that one can do without purchasing any equipment - at minimum shadow play and footwork drills can be done without &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; equipment. At the high end, buying a robot or doing video analysis can be costly, but can provide good returns if solo practice is very important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T00:10:11.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="139" CreationDate="2012-02-17T00:32:19.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cross-training provides two potential benefits, one mental and one physical. It can potentially reduce the risk of injury and, as others have already mentioned, it can provide some mental benefit by reducing boredom and burnout through different physical activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/tipsandtricks/a/Cross_Training.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cross training is a great way to condition different muscle groups,&#xA;  develop a new set of skills, and &lt;strong&gt;reduce boredom&lt;/strong&gt; that creeps in after&#xA;  months of the same exercise routines. Cross training also allows you&#xA;  the ability to &lt;strong&gt;vary the stress placed on specific muscles or even your&#xA;  cardiovascular system&lt;/strong&gt;. After months of the same movements your body&#xA;  becomes extremely efficient performing those movements, and while that&#xA;  is great for competition, it limits the amount of overall fitness you&#xA;  possess and reduces the actual conditioning you get while training;&#xA;  rather than continuing to improve, you simply maintain a certain level&#xA;  of fitness. &lt;strong&gt;Cross training is also necessary to reduce the risk of&#xA;  injury from repetitive strain or overuse&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article goes on to note a few different areas in which to cross-train:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Cardiovascular exercise&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Strength training&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Flexibility (stretching, yoga)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Speed, agility, and balance drills&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Circuit training, sprinting, plyometrics and other forms of skill conditioning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runner's World also had &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-238-263-266-7420-0,00.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; discussing the benefits of cross-training from a runner's perspective that may apply to other sports as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Injury Prevention&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rehabilitation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Greater Running Fitness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Active Recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Enhanced Motivation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rejuvenation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Enjoying Other Sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Fit Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there are anecdotal stories about the increase in young athletes getting injured at higher rates due to sports specialization. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ezinearticles.com/?Youth-Sports-Specialization%3a--Beware-These-4-Dangers!&amp;amp;id=15557&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;One article&lt;/a&gt; discusses some of the dangers of specializing in sports at an early age, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thepostgame.com/features/201202/sport-specialization-may-lead-injuries-youths&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;another article&lt;/a&gt; quotes Pittsburgh Steelers safety Troy Polamalu:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I didn't just play football as a kid,&quot; he told ThePostGame.com&#xA;  recently. &quot;I played soccer, baseball, basketball as well. It made me a&#xA;  far better all-round athlete than I would have been otherwise and it&#xA;  is the reason I am in the league. I don't like to see kids playing&#xA;  just one sport. It is like they are pros from the age of 9 or 10. I&#xA;  don't like it and I don't understand it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, cross-training can provide mental and physical benefits by improving mental health and physical fitness while reducing the risk of injury from overuse. Specializing strictly in one sport may bring about a faster increase in performance, but the articles above suggest that the performance and skill improvements will plateau and may lead to greater injury risks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T00:32:19.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="289" CreationDate="2012-02-17T01:50:36.813" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Length is exactly the thing that makes a kayak more sea-worthy. A longer kayak will be less susceptible to the water motion and easier to push through waves that might break over the bow. Similarly, a longer kayak can get up to speed where it's going to be most stable and least effected by water movement. A shorter kayak is simply harder to control when water gets rough -- I bet you've even seen that when out on a lake with power boats and heavy wind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="187" LastEditorUserId="187" LastEditDate="2012-02-17T15:06:31.827" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T15:06:31.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="217" CreationDate="2012-02-17T07:00:36.753" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think these long runs are a healthy or natural activity for the human body, so the fewer the better. If you are interested in health rather than marathon performance, mix up your exercise types, include high intensity and weight bearing activities as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T07:00:36.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-17T07:07:46.573" Score="4" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between different martial arts disciplines for various aspects of fitness (for example, flexibility, strength, endurance)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:05:25.140" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:05:25.140" Title="fitness benefits of different martial arts disciplines" Tags="|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-02-17T17:50:35.150" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="288" CreationDate="2012-02-17T08:55:31.580" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In both the NFL and NCAA, there are official capacities that the captain must fulfill. Only one designated captain (at a time) is permitted to communicate the teams official decision of a penalty (to accept or decline) to the referee, and there are rules about how you can change captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 18 Guidelines for Captains  Article 1   * One hour and thirty&#xA;   minutes prior to kickoff: Respective &lt;strong&gt;coaches designate the captain(s)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;   a maximum of six per team.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 2 Coin toss: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Up to six captains per team can participate in the coin toss&#xA;  ceremony; only one captain from the   visiting team (or captain&#xA;  designated by Referee if there is no home team) can declare the choice&#xA;  of   coin toss.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (b) The team that won the toss may then have only one&#xA;  captain declare its option.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (c) The team that lost the coin toss may&#xA;  then have only one captain declare its option. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 3 Choice on Penalty Option: &lt;strong&gt;Only one captain is permitted to&#xA;  indicate the team’s penalty option&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 4  Change of Captains:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (a) The coach has prerogative of informing&#xA;  Referee when he wishes to make a change in team captains;  or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (b) A&#xA;  captain who is leaving can inform the Referee which player will act as&#xA;  captain in his place when he  is substituted  for; or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (c) When a&#xA;  captain leaves the game, the incoming substitute is permitted to&#xA;  inform the Referee which   player the  respective coach has designated&#xA;  as captain.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Note: A captain on the field has no authority to request a change of fellow team captain when that captain  remains on the field&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 1, Section 1, Article 5. Each team shall designate to the referee not&#xA;  more than four  players as its field captain(s). One player at a time&#xA;  shall speak for his team in  all dealings with the officials. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 3, Section 1,  Article 1. b) Three minutes before the scheduled&#xA;  starting time, the referee shall toss a  coin at midfield in the&#xA;  presence of not more than &lt;strong&gt;four&lt;/strong&gt; field captains from  each team and&#xA;  another game official, first designating the field captain of the &#xA;  visiting team to call the coin toss. Before the second half, the&#xA;  referee will  obtain the teams’ second-half options&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 3, Section 3, Article 7, g) The field captain must exercise his penalty option before he or a teammate &#xA;  consults with his coach on a sideline during a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T08:55:31.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2012-02-17T12:58:39.227" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Norway and have completed 3 full marathons over the last 3 years: Oslo, Copenhagen and Berlin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oslo was nothing special, except being close to my home and very little travel time. There lots of running in quiet streets with little entertainment along the way (I hear it's a bit better now, though). It's not that flat either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had a good experience in Copenhagen. Much flatter than in Oslo. But I definitely felt the cobblestone along the river way up in my calves :/ (couple of kilometers of cobblestone)&#xA;Lots of people everywhere, nice route, and lots of entertaining along the route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Berlin was much like Copenhagen, only bigger. More people, more entertainment. And Berlin is the race to compete if you want to set a record (and I did). Good, flat route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, from personal experience I would recommend Berlin the most. And Copenhagen. Not Oslo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I would love to compete in two specific races, New York and Great Wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastActivityDate="2012-02-17T12:58:39.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="326" CreationDate="2012-02-17T19:30:04.727" Score="60" ViewCount="53184" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this video, a college basketball player steals the ball, races down court, and avoids the defender by throwing a pass to himself off the backboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=jtfNegUxAcY&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=jtfNegUxAcY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the (disorganized) basketball games I've played in, a shot had to hit the rim before the shooter was allowed to rebound. And that looks like a shot to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously the officials allowed it, but I couldn't find an explicit mention in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-3941-2009-2011-mens-womens-basketball-rules-2-year-publicaton.aspx&quot;&gt;NCAA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;. Is this ruled as a shot, and if so, why is it legal? I'd be interested in the answer for any level of basketball, though NCAA is the most relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T15:59:07.963" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T20:02:44.497" Title="Is it legal to throw an alley-oop to yourself in a real game?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="324" CreationDate="2012-02-17T19:50:42.843" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is legal to throw the ball off the backboard as a pass to yourself.  The only time it is illegal is when attempting a free throw.  While attempting a free throw the ball must hit the rim as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section III - Dribble of NBA Rule 10&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-25T20:02:44.497" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T20:02:44.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="324" CreationDate="2012-02-17T20:00:41.287" Score="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the NCAA, it is scored as follows (from page 10 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Basketball/2011EZ.pdf&quot;&gt;2011 Official Basketball&#xA;Statisticians’ Manual&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A.R.15. Adams throws a pass to himself or herself off the backboard, and then shoots and makes the basket. Ruling: Credit Adams with a FGA and FGM, but no assist &#xA;  or rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the NBA, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2009/news/features/01/01/bernie.ask.bernie.20090101/index.html&quot;&gt;this Q&amp;amp;A&lt;/a&gt; (from 2009) with Bernie Fryer (Vice President of Referee Operations and Director of Officials in the NBA), it is also allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are you allowed to throw the ball off the backboard, grab your own rebound and dunk it without landing?&#xA;  -- Blaise&#xA;  Bernie's answer: Yes. Under the traveling rule, a player who attempts a shot or pass may not be the first to touch the ball unless it touches the backboard, rim or another player. Therefore, a player can intentionally pass the ball to himself off the backboard or rim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, a week or so ago Kobe Bryant was double teamed near the 3-point line, had no one to pass to and had already picked up his dribble. He was about to fall down, which would have been traveling, instead he alertly threw the ball off the backboard, caught it and dribbled back to the top of the key. This wasn't an alley-oop but was similar. Michael Jordan was famous for doing the same thing on occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T11:16:29.663" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T11:16:29.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="324" CreationDate="2012-02-17T20:13:25.367" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is definitely legal in the NBA. I'm not sure about the NCAA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0QYg08oPFU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;YouTube video of Kobe Bryant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-03-13T15:42:44.393" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T15:42:44.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="74" CreationDate="2012-02-18T02:06:02.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A cursory &lt;a href=&quot;http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;amp;q=increasing%20vertical%20jump&amp;amp;btnG=Search&amp;amp;as_sdt=0,44&amp;amp;as_ylo=&amp;amp;as_vis=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google scholar search&lt;/a&gt; provides many great articles germane to this subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially this report from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthros.com.br/pdf/BALISTICO_JSCR06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2006&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;MANDY T. WOOLSTENHULME,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthros.com.br/pdf/BALISTICO_JSCR06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Woolstenhulme, Griffiths, Woolstenhulme, Parcell&lt;/a&gt; hypothesize that ballistic stretching improves vertical jump height: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Subjects participated in 6 weeks (2 times per week) of warm-up and&#xA;  basketball activity. The warm-up groups participated in ballistic&#xA;  stretching, static stretching, sprinting, or basketball shooting... We&#xA;  measured vertical jump height immediately following 20 minutes of&#xA;  basketball play at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6. Only the ballistic stretching&#xA;  group demonstrated an acute increase in vertical jump 20 minutes after&#xA;  basketball play (p  0.05). Coaches should consider using ballistic&#xA;  stretching as a warm-up for basketball play, as it is beneﬁcial to&#xA;  vertical jump performance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthros.com.br/pdf/BALISTICO_JSCR06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The article&lt;/a&gt; continues and indicates that vertical jump increased by about 3cm: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All of the subjects who engaged in a ballistic stretching warm-up and&#xA;  then played basketball increased their vertical jump heights by about&#xA;  3 cm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="75" LastEditDate="2012-02-18T02:12:28.580" LastActivityDate="2012-02-18T02:12:28.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="332" CreationDate="2012-02-18T07:20:08.633" Score="10" ViewCount="5304" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketball uniforms are usually made out of polyester. What advantage does polyester have over, say, cotton for playing basketball? I personally did not feel any different whether wearing polyester or cotton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4POsR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="193" LastActivityDate="2022-08-17T18:02:38.703" Title="What is the advantage of wearing polyester for basketball?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="331" CreationDate="2012-02-18T10:07:36.563" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason for using polyester is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Provide support and ventilation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Absorbs water and transfers body perspiration away from the skin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prevent sweat buildup.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although this material dries quickly, the sweat is expelled onto the&#xA;outer layers of the garment and wind may cause the player to feel&#xA;cold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is best to wear in hot or humid conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastEditorUserId="174" LastEditDate="2012-02-18T10:18:10.700" LastActivityDate="2012-02-18T10:18:10.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="334" CreationDate="2012-02-19T05:36:55.593" Score="10" ViewCount="6003" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I have heard sports broadcasters referring to the San Antonio Spurs as being on a &quot;Nine Game Rodeo Road Trip&quot;, but I'm not sure what that term means or where it came from. The Spurs are on a nine game road trip where they have so far won all of their games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &quot;Rodeo Road Trip&quot; simply mean that they have won every game on their road trip?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T17:54:17.983" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T03:50:22.690" Title="What is an NBA Rodeo Road Trip?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="333" CreationDate="2012-02-19T07:02:53.933" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;AT&amp;amp;T Center hosts the San Antonio Stock Show &amp;amp; Rodeo.  While this event is happening the Spurs are forced to take an extended series of away games. This is informally known as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio_Spurs#The_Spurs_in_San_Antonio&quot;&gt;Rodeo Road Trip&lt;/a&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastEditorUserId="224" LastEditDate="2012-02-23T14:58:50.920" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T14:58:50.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2012-02-19T09:37:13.330" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I was to pick one specific marathon that a runner should aim to run at least once, I'd definitely pick the Athens Classic Marathon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's an A to B route that is lined by people from different villages along the route cheering you on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At least in 2010 when I ran it, it was very well organised&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finishing at the Panathinaiko Stadium is amazing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's the original route marathon was first run on over 2500 years ago (or more accurately, where the battlefield messenger ran from Marathon to Athens in the end Battle of Marathon.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is something about its history that really spurs you on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="207" LastActivityDate="2012-02-19T09:37:13.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-19T13:20:49.487" Score="10" ViewCount="101871" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if anyone could shed some light on the defining features of Australian Rules Football (AFL) in comparison to rugby, for example differences in scoring and rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-04-07T10:13:18.963" LastActivityDate="2017-05-13T07:15:43.707" Title="What is the difference between australian rules football and rugby?" Tags="|rugby|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2012-02-19T20:23:27.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously, it depends very much on the distance from goal. If there's a free kick from 30 meters a low shot will be very inefficient because of the friction force with the ground; the goalkeeper will have no trouble catching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there's a closer free kick you have to consider some factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicker's ability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wall's players height&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, the defending team should be aware of kicker's habits. Most of kickers usually maintain the free kick style: David Beckham has always kicked the ball making it fly over the wall; in this case the wall has to jump. When the kicker is someone like Ronaldinho, the wall strategy becomes a bit harder. In my opionion the best way to avoid a score is to make defenders &lt;strong&gt;jump in an alternatively way&lt;/strong&gt;: I mean, if you have a 5 defenders wall, you could make the 2nd and the 4th jump, and let the others stand still. In this way you should reduce (theoretically speaking) the probability to get scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case if the defenders are pretty short, the wall is actually forced to jump, because the kicker will try to use opponent's disadvantage to score, in this case a fly over the wall free kick. If the defenders are tall you can let them stand still, unless the kicker's ability is very good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="209" LastEditorUserId="10420" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T11:49:26.433" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T11:49:26.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="339" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-20T02:22:10.967" Score="23" ViewCount="3290" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have about 6 months running regularly, about 1–2 times per week. Today I ran 14 km (about 8 miles)&amp;nbsp;— a milestone for me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel great and I don't want to stop, but I don't know if I'm doing properly or not.  I don't want to get injured or something just for not asking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I tell if my running technique is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="213" LastEditorUserId="2064" LastEditDate="2013-12-24T05:07:54.610" LastActivityDate="2014-06-28T21:29:55.557" Title="How can I tell if I'm running properly" Tags="|running|technique|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2014-08-27T13:21:06.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="337" CreationDate="2012-02-20T08:55:26.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major differences are in the shape of the pitch (oval vs rectangle), the methods of passing (any direction from the hand not just backwards), the number of players on a team (18 vs 15 or 13), the number of posts to score through (4 not 2, no crossbar) and the methods of scoring (through the posts, not touching down). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would probably be easier to just say that the similarities are in that they have a similar shaped ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="92" LastEditDate="2012-02-22T09:04:53.803" LastActivityDate="2012-02-22T09:04:53.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="341" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-20T10:08:00.347" Score="25" ViewCount="122281" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is American football called &quot;football&quot; even though the players play with their hands more than their feet? It seems to be very similar to rugby, and doesn't have the name &quot;American Rugby&quot;. What might be the reason for it to be called &quot;Football&quot; even though it is more similar to Rugby?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-23T13:24:06.157" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T13:30:26.040" Title="Why is American football called football?" Tags="|american-football|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="341" CreationDate="2012-02-20T10:22:53.397" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football&quot;&gt;American football is called football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; because of its &lt;strong&gt;origin&lt;/strong&gt;.  Its like &lt;strong&gt;soccer&lt;/strong&gt;, can be traced back to &lt;strong&gt;rugby football&lt;/strong&gt; where you use your feet to kick a ball at a goal or successfully carry a ball over a goal line.  Over time, some rules were changed such as the concept of line of scrimmage and of four downs and a certain distance required to get more downs and, of course, the forward pass. In earlier times, &lt;strong&gt;football&lt;/strong&gt; had virtually no rules. If you wish, you can trace its ancestry back to the 1600's.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope the following link will give pretty descriptive answer for your question.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_American_football_called_%27football%27&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081214184826AAlN3kv&quot;&gt;answers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://askville.amazon.com/American-Football-called-FOOTball/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=6059329&quot;&gt;amazon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastEditorUserId="14" LastEditDate="2012-02-20T16:34:33.053" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T16:34:33.053" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="339" CreationDate="2012-02-20T10:41:53.233" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_McDougall&quot;&gt;Chris McDougal&lt;/a&gt;, author of Born to Run, a book that will make you want to go run immediately and properly,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Imagine your kid is running into the street and you have to sprint&#xA;  after her in bare feet.  You’d automatically lock into perfect form —&#xA;  you’d be up on your forefeet, with your back erect, head steady, arms&#xA;  high, elbows driving, and feet touching down quickly on the forefoot&#xA;  and kicking back toward your butt.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And further, I hope &lt;a href=&quot;http://nerdfitness.com/blog/2011/08/22/running-properly/&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article will give lots of knowledge about &lt;strong&gt;running properly&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T10:41:53.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="292" CreationDate="2012-02-20T12:15:53.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a learning skier as well and generally that happens when I involuntarily lean, even slightly, back on turns especially when on harder slopes. &#xA;Make sure you are turning in the correct position, you have pressure on the front of your boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="215" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T12:15:53.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2012-02-20T15:56:09.653" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The fielding captain&lt;/strong&gt; decides from which end he wants to start the match and informs the batsmen who then decides who will face the first ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually this is decided by the preference of the bowler who is going to bowl the first over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="195" LastEditorUserId="195" LastEditDate="2012-02-23T06:14:40.297" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T06:14:40.297" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="217" CreationDate="2012-02-20T18:11:09.173" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not actually running the marathons that's more healthy, it's staying in marathon shape for the whole time, as opposed to building up to a marathon, then letting yourself go for the rest of the season, then having to build up for the next marathon, etc.  Building up is where you are most likely to injure yourself, so staying in shape between marathons is the important thing, not running more of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T18:11:09.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="347" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="348" CreationDate="2012-02-20T19:38:31.320" Score="16" ViewCount="5338" Body="&lt;p&gt;My wife and I are very new to climbing (indoor) and we want to belay ourselves.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you know the basics of the method but don't have much experience could you really mess things up, or if you have a decent belay device and harness ... the friction of the device would prevent the climber to fall hard even if the person who belays makes mistakes?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="218" LastEditorUserId="397" LastEditDate="2012-04-14T06:13:50.970" LastActivityDate="2021-07-08T17:55:50.977" Title="How dangerous is indoor rock climbing with an inexperienced belay partner?" Tags="|injuries|indoor-climbing|climbing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="347" CreationDate="2012-02-20T20:15:18.350" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the gym you're climbing at, even inexperienced climbers can enjoy a relatively high amount of safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important hardware question to ask of the climbing gym is if they use &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belay_device#Tubular_devices&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATC's&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigri_%28climbing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grigri's&lt;/a&gt; for belaying.  ATC's require more attention from the belayer.  Grigri's are an assisted braking device. While a Grigri does help the belayer to catch the climbing in the event of a fall, using a GriGri does not replace good belaying technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Independent from the hardware used at the gym, any gym worth going to will offer a short (30 minute) introduction course which highlights proper safety practices and good technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Climbing is a great sport, and I highly encourage you and your wife to try it out!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-07-08T17:55:50.977" LastActivityDate="2021-07-08T17:55:50.977" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-02-20T21:03:38.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd recommend the following steps, which if you've ever skied before should sound familiar.  This might sound stupid but stick with me here...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Skate forward at a slow-medium speed, then to slow yourself put your feet in the &quot;pizza&quot; configuration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/153300/thumper-the-super-cool-ski-instructor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/153300/thumper-the-super-cool-ski-instructor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) After you are comfortable enough to slow down using the &quot;pizza&quot; shape for your feet, slowly  transition to making your back foot closer to parallel (&quot;French fry&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do that enough and all of a sudden you will be doing full hockey stops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T21:03:38.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="362" CreationDate="2012-02-20T21:07:29.020" Score="9" ViewCount="7261" Body="&lt;p&gt;This Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_history#The_synthetic_revolution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;section&lt;/a&gt; has good details about the changes bought about in field hockey after artificial turfs were introduced. This change also bought about a shift in field hockey power base from Asian countries to European countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my question is, why were artificial turfs introduced in the first place?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Were there any significant disadvantages with natural grass and field hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="195" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T15:56:44.550" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T17:58:46.110" Title="Why were artificial turfs introduced in field hockey?" Tags="|field-hockey|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="261" CreationDate="2012-02-20T21:11:03.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To expand &quot;The Jug's&quot; answer, enforcement of the rule depends greatly on the league.  The NHL specifically during the playoffs instructs their referee to relax their enforcement of most rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the High School and College game these types of rules are enforced more stringently.  The difference can be profound, in an NHL game if &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;a player swings his stick at an opponent, and no contact is made.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will almost never be a call, however the same act performed in a high school game will be called with much higher regularity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T21:11:03.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="352" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="356" CreationDate="2012-02-20T21:18:41.587" Score="14" ViewCount="4292" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very new to indoor rock climbing, I want to climb barefoot, I heard some people advise against it,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Anybody here has any experience or can give any suggestions on barefoot indoor rock climbing?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="218" LastEditorUserId="397" LastEditDate="2012-04-14T06:13:53.700" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T01:51:22.677" Title="Is it possible to do indoor rock climbing barefoot?" Tags="|injuries|indoor-climbing|climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1769" CreationDate="2012-02-20T22:27:39.860" Score="21" ViewCount="1895" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/29/92&quot;&gt;a question on the validity or otherwise of a world record&lt;/a&gt;, the answer quotes the rule book which says: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The start and finish points of a course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.&quot; [i.e., 13.1 miles (21.1 km) for the ~26.2 mile (~42.2 km) marathon distance]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why should this be so? I can understand stipulations about ascent or descent between the start and end, but why should the endpoints need to be close together? (It means that the original 26.2 mile course, from Windsor to White City in west London, wouldn't be legal.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-10-24T13:29:51.907" Title="Why does a marathon start need to be near its finish for a record to count" Tags="|rules|marathon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="354" CreationDate="2012-02-20T23:03:08.007" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aside from elevation, prevailing wind direction might dictate close proximity of start and finish to ensure a 'fair' race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastActivityDate="2012-02-20T23:03:08.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="352" CreationDate="2012-02-21T08:39:17.540" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You definitely &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; do it, and it is fine where you have clean, dry climbing surfaces. I have had no problems doing it on occasion in the summer when I have not had my rock boots, but I wouldn't want to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know how practical it is to train this way though, as if you decide to climb outdoors it will not be as useful as having learnt the skills with proper rock boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rock boots require a slightly different technique, but are much grippier and you remove the risk of catching a toe on something!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T08:39:17.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="347" CreationDate="2012-02-21T08:46:14.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd agree with @Reustonium that Grigris will be safer initially, but it will be worthwhile learning with ATC's as when you progress to leading you will be thankful for the extra practice with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your gym is anything like the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eica-ratho.com/&quot;&gt;indoor climbing centre&lt;/a&gt; I got my wife to learn at, the regulars will also be able to keep an eye out for obvious problems, such as tangling the rope tail, hands too close to the belay device etc. while I was up the top of a climb. They were also good at reassuring her while letting me down, as my weight was entirely in her hands at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the initial learning phase, you could also ask whether your belayer can route the rope through a ground level loop before it goes up to the top of the climb. Especially if one of you is much heavier than the other this can give you a bit more security against being pulled up into the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T08:46:14.100" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="350" CreationDate="2012-02-21T10:12:48.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Artificial turf&lt;/strong&gt; is now a permanent feature in the hockey world. With the introduction of artificial turf in the &lt;strong&gt;1970&lt;/strong&gt; s, hockey has become much faster, more exciting and consequently more popular. The rules have been amended and techniques refined as the synthetic sports surface has become an essential part of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The main reason for having artificial turf is that there is &lt;strong&gt;no need&#xA;to maintain&lt;/strong&gt; this because since it is plastic but &lt;strong&gt;natural grass has to maintain frequently&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An artificial turf hockey surface gives you all the room you need to&#xA;make &lt;strong&gt;fast passes with precise ball control&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hockey players enjoy the comfortable cushioning and &lt;strong&gt;don’t have to&#xA;worry about injuries from serious slides&lt;/strong&gt;. Uniform playing&#xA;characteristics, predictable ball behaviour and optimal grip make&#xA;artificial turf the ideal surface for hockey.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Artificial turf pitches that are suitable for competitions at&#xA;world-class level have earned FIH Global Quality Approval.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The grass will not grow and the &lt;strong&gt;evenness&lt;/strong&gt; will remain intact for as&#xA;long as &lt;strong&gt;10-15 years&lt;/strong&gt; atleast.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastEditorUserId="174" LastEditDate="2012-02-21T11:07:00.637" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T11:07:00.637" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="339" CreationDate="2012-02-21T13:39:21.843" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all congratulations with your milestone! It feels great to be running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have 6 months of running in your legs now, you probably don't have the worst technique, because then you would have been injured already :=)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you haven't done so much running in your life before, and never played any sports like football, I think I would have focused on other things before landing on your forefoot. &#xA;Focus rather on landing your feet at the center of your gravity and running relaxed with a slightly lean-forward angle. (Over focusing on forefeet landing almost killed my legs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oN1x3Ik1t5Y&amp;amp;feature=related&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a good video of a guy who improves his technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important thing is that you don't skip your running exercises, regardless of technique!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-03-15T17:04:17.827" LastActivityDate="2012-03-15T17:04:17.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="607" CreationDate="2012-02-21T15:01:21.000" Score="22" ViewCount="1517" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been sport climbing for many years, both indoors and out, but have only ever tried single pitch climbs. I would like to learn multiple pitch climbing, but have no idea how you manage the transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you get to a ledge and then belay your partner up then effectively start again on the new pitch? Or do you let your partner climb past you as the new leader?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you need to do anything special with regards to safety as you change from being the leader to being the belayer halfway up a wall?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T17:47:30.597" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T23:44:08.840" Title="How can I graduate from single to multiple pitch climbs?" Tags="|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="361" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="573" CreationDate="2012-02-21T15:56:46.767" Score="11" ViewCount="1262" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a handful of sites (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccer-training-guide.com/soccer-formations.html&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;) discussing formations and their popularity, but few discuss what is popular in certain periods in specific leagues. What I'm looking for is an overview of what formations (i.e. 4-4-2, 4-3-3) were popular in the English football from 1992 to today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_%28association_football%29#Classic_formations&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; provides general information about the use of specific formations, and occasionally cites specific matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="181" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T14:35:03.860" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T15:35:44.453" Title="What football formations have been most prevalent in the English Premier League since 1992?" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="350" CreationDate="2012-02-21T17:24:57.293" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dow has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dow.com/artificialturfsolutions/hockey/history.htm&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; regarding the history of artificial turf in regards to hockey:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Artificial grass based on polyamide/nylon material was introduced on&#xA;  field hockey pitches in the 1970s. &lt;strong&gt;It was ideal for field hockey as&#xA;  the synthetic turf pitches provided a flatter playing surface than&#xA;  natural grass. This in turn provided better ball control as it&#xA;  prevented the ball from shooting off into various directions.&lt;/strong&gt; Sand was&#xA;  spread between the fibers to create enough firmness and stability for&#xA;  the players. These key characteristics resulted in artificial turf&#xA;  being used for field hockey games in the 1976 Olympics and the Eight&#xA;  Nations field hockey tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not seen any other historical accounts that described &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; the change was made, but one can assume that the consistency of the playing surface and the increased durability of artificial turf compared to natural grass were major reasons for the shift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T17:24:57.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="364" CreationDate="2012-02-21T20:53:53.470" Score="7" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most sports like football and hockey, the teams change position at half time. Are there any specific reasons to do so, other than fan support at one end? Will there be any specific advantage in one playing towards end over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="195" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T12:45:48.533" Title="Significance of ends in field games" Tags="|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="363" CreationDate="2012-02-21T21:13:15.770" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are numerous factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wind direction (either that day, or typical) for outdoor sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sun location (includes both &quot;sun in my eyes effects&quot; and shadows on the field effects)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bench locations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Levelness of the field (typically top league fields are level, this is less true at lower levels)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fan location (sometimes fans of each team will congregate in a particular location)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are a few reasons why a team might choose a particular side rather than choose who gets the ball first. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-10-22T12:45:48.533" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T12:45:48.533" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="363" CreationDate="2012-02-21T21:15:51.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In outdoor sports, the changing of the ends is mainly to avoid accidentally giving one team an unfair advantage due to wind direction, sun in the eyes, and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally, halftime was also an opportunity to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-time#History_of_half-time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;change the rules&lt;/a&gt;; the first half was played by one team's normal rules and the second half by the other team's rules. Changing ends was just another way to differentiate the halves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T21:15:51.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2012-02-21T22:11:20.243" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;corsiKa touched on time, but I wanted to add what I think is the primary point.  Perhaps not for FIFA, but personally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer is a game of motion, timing, and momentum.  It is not a game of plays like American football.  Scoring and penalties especially are relatively uncommon, while throws and even free kicks and crosses are mostly taken pretty quickly while players jostle for position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interrupting this flow ruins the game.  Ever played on top of a hill with people who kick too hard?  Same thing.  You spend too much time standing around while the ball's being fetched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd certainly be fine with goal-line technology as it's come of age and is reliable and quick, though regardless I still think the real solution is better training for officials.  Most errors could be easily corrected by properly trained linesmen. Refs as well, but mostly linesmen. There's no excuse for not being level enough with the play to call offsides and goals properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="226" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T22:11:20.243" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-02-21T22:33:49.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other answers are all good, but I wanted to emphasize that &quot;fresh legs&quot; are good for more than just running.  Changing the composition of the team, even by one member, can have a great effect on momentum.  You play differently with a new player, and the other team responds differently (or fails to, and you take advantage of it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some guy running up the field, taking a shot, running all the way back to defend, then up again (etc.) because he's only got 5 minutes can be pretty inspiring and provoke a last boost of energy from the other members of the team.  This effect can be surprisingly strong and you'll often see a team losing thoroughly that equally thoroughly dominates the end of game after a sub.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="226" LastActivityDate="2012-02-21T22:33:49.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="337" CreationDate="2012-02-22T01:19:11.270" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, as Unsliced points out, it is more different that it is similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the main points of difference are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Method of scoring:&lt;/strong&gt; In rugby, you can score by three ways, Try - the quivalent of a Touchdown (either earned naturally or awarded via a penalty), a penalty goal/drop goal, or a conversion (think of it as a PAT).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Aussie rules, there are two types of score, a goal (6 pts.) and a behind(1 pt.). If the ball is kicked through the central goalposts this is a goal, whereas if the ball is kicked through the outer posts it is a behind. Goals can only be scored when the ball is kicked by a player from the attacking team. If the ball hits one of the central posts it is also a behind. If the ball has been moved over the goal-line by any defending players one point is awarded. If the ball hits one of the outer posts it is called as out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Playing direction:&lt;/strong&gt; By this I mean it is 'traditional' in the sense that Rugby is generally left-side vs right-side. Whereas Aussie-rules is more fluid where players can pretty much run around where they choose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They still have a specific end/side/goal to score, but it's more open in-between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another main difference is that the game is played in 20 minute quarters, not halves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, AFL doesn't have an offside or knock on rule. The ball must be passed by either kicking it or handpassing (punching the ball) to a team mate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="228" LastEditorUserId="876" LastEditDate="2012-10-23T13:38:21.533" LastActivityDate="2012-10-23T13:38:21.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2012-02-22T01:21:31.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are similar and different because they share a similar lineage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference is down to their purpose. American footballs are predominantly designed to be thrown (hence the narrower end-points), while Rugby balls tend to be thicker as they are just as commonly kicked as they are passed around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="228" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2013-04-23T15:24:01.607" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T15:24:01.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="38" CreationDate="2012-02-22T01:27:12.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tactic generally really only applies to teams with offenses that are directed by a good/excellent Quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams like the Patriots, Giants, Packers, Saints (i.e. Quarterbacks with great accuracy/power, awareness, and most importantly; poise).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="228" LastActivityDate="2012-02-22T01:27:12.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="371" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-22T08:46:08.090" Score="3" ViewCount="812" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know &lt;strong&gt;product placement&lt;/strong&gt; is a good marketing technique used in almost every sports, but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When was the product placement introduced in sports?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which was the first sport introduced product placement?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why not separate ads rather than product placement?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="174" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-10T17:19:53.853" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T17:19:53.853" Title="when was the product placement introduced in sports?" Tags="|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="350" CreationDate="2012-02-22T17:46:20.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grass fields can get torn up easily, especially if the ground is wet.  This also can make for dangerous playing conditions.  A synthetic surface does not have this same drawback.  It is much easier to prepare a synthetic surface than a natural grass field.  The field will maintain consistent quality throughout the match.  Maintaining a natural field is expensive.  Introducing an artificial field would make it possible to have a nice clean field to play without the heavy grounds-keeping required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1970's artificial turf took off in many outdoor sports due to its perfectly groomed appearance, ease of care, and the fascination with anything that was man-made replacements of nature.  In the 80's that fad wore off and many sports returned to the natural grass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest disadvantage is probably the occurrence of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/turf-toe-symptoms-causes-and-treatments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;turf toe&lt;/a&gt;.  However, modern shoes and improved surfaces reduce the risk from the early days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically with turf toe, the injury is sudden. It's most commonly is&#xA;seen in athletes playing on artificial surfaces, which are harder than&#xA;grass surfaces and to which cleats are more likely to stick. It can&#xA;also happen on a grass surface, especially if the shoe being worn&#xA;doesn't provide adequate support for the foot. Often the injury occurs&#xA;in athletes wearing flexible soccer-style shoes that let the foot bend&#xA;too far forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2022-11-09T17:58:46.110" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T17:58:46.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="373" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="377" CreationDate="2012-02-22T18:01:32.990" Score="5" ViewCount="2088" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Invitation_Tournament#Selection_process&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;, the selection process was changed in 2006. According to the article, teams are no longer required to have a .500 record and conference champions will receive an automatic bid. However, I am still unclear on if there are still any other restrictions to a team's record for them to be eligible and how the other teams are selected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it still based on number of wins/win percentage?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can a team play in both the NCAA tournament and the NIT?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I know that, unlike the NCAA tournament, the NIT holds games at the home courts of teams instead of at predetermined regional sites. The article notes that prior to 2006 home court advantage was based (in part) on a team's expected attendance in the tournament. Is it still based on this, or the team's seed or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T17:55:03.373" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T17:55:03.373" Title="What does it take to play in the NIT?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="290" CreationDate="2012-02-22T19:59:07.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://paddling.about.com/od/technique/ht/roll_a_kayak.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; suggests that learning how to roll is important for seas kayakers. My subjective opinion is that this skill is essential - you must be able to either wet-exit your kayak or roll it if you want to have a long (and healthy) kayaking career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some recommendations (and drills) from the article to learn this skill:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learn How to Wet-Exit&lt;/strong&gt;: This isn’t so much a skill as it is a necessary prerequisite. No one should attempt to roll a kayak if they&#xA;  haven’t first learned how to exit the kayak while upside down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learn How to Tuck While Upside-Down&lt;/strong&gt;: Tucking to the deck of the kayak is the first thing one must do when their kayak flips over.&#xA;  If not, they won’t be able to properly setup for a roll attempt. It is&#xA;  also a matter of safety.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learn How to Hip-Snap&lt;/strong&gt;: The Hip-Snap is the main skill employed and the driving force behind the kayak roll. A properly executed&#xA;  hip-snap will enable the kayaker to roll a kayak up regardless of the&#xA;  paddle position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learn How to Buddy-Roll&lt;/strong&gt;: The Buddy role will help you understand what it is like to be completely upside-down in your kayak&#xA;  and then to roll back up. It is also a great backup technique to use&#xA;  in the event that you can’t roll up on your own.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Work With a Partner&lt;/strong&gt;: Once you have the above skills down, you can begin trying to roll your kayak. The best way to put all of this&#xA;  together is to have a spotter in the water guiding you through the&#xA;  steps and helping you position your paddle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Put it All Together&lt;/strong&gt;: Now it’s time to try on your own. It’s a good idea when practicing rolling a kayak to have a person in a kayak&#xA;  near you ready to help you with a buddy-roll if you can’t roll your&#xA;  kayak after a few attempts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-17T18:13:37.397" LastActivityDate="2012-03-17T18:13:37.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2012-02-22T20:35:27.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no set rules on this. This is how it happens in the real world. Fielding captain obviously decides which two bowlers start the proceedings. He then chats with the two bowlers and asks them their preference. The senior bowler or the bowler who starts first (in some cases) will get their choice first. There is rarely a conflict as usually bowlers are able to compromise quickly if there is a disagreement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2012-02-22T20:35:27.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="373" CreationDate="2012-02-23T02:33:15.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No team selected for the NCAA tournament can play in the NIT.  The only teams that receive automatic bids are any regular season, conference champions not selected for the NCAA tournament.  All other teams are chosen, via secret ballot, by the selection committee.  The selection process is rather complicated and can be read about &lt;a href=&quot;http://i.turner.ncaa.com/dr/ncaa/ncaa/release/sites/default/files/files/NIT_Principles_Procedures.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (warning: pdf).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as venue selection goes, the semifinals and finals are being played at Madison Square Garden this year.  All other games are played in the better-seed's home court, unless there is a conflict, at which point it will be played in the worse-seed's home court.  If both are in conflict, I presume that they choose an available, nearby neutral venue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T02:33:15.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="262" CreationDate="2012-02-23T08:23:08.143" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is in place so that a manager can't keep coming out and slowing down the game. 1. It annoys everyone 2. He could be intentionally taking his time so that a pitcher in the bullpen can warm up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="238" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T08:23:08.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="202" CreationDate="2012-02-23T08:25:22.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happens all the time. As a matter of fact, if a player DID catch a deep fly ball with a runner on third late in the game, it would be a gaffe and he'd be the talk of Sports Center (at least until some analyst tweeted something inflammatory...) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="238" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T08:25:22.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="371" CreationDate="2012-02-23T14:11:05.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sportsman could be considered to be the Arenas of the Roman Empire.  Merchants and Nobles would sponsor gladiators or fights to help enhance their standing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern advertising known as branding evolved in the 1800's and I would suspect that sporting events were quickly identified as targets for this marketing strategy.  Early teams in professional baseball and american football were sponsored by companies. The Chicago bears started out as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears#1919.E2.80.931970&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Decatur Staleys&lt;/a&gt; in 1919.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. E. Staley was a Decatur, Illinois based processor of corn founded&#xA;  in 1898 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Staley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update after question edit:&#xA;The earliest product placement I can find would be the tobacco companies providing their products to Professional baseball players as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~andrewsr/ints092/weikel.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;early as the 1870&lt;/a&gt;.  American Tobacco Company included some of the first baseball cards with some of their products.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honus_Wagner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Honus Wagner&lt;/a&gt; was a superstar of the day and made quite a fuss as he was against the use of tobbacco products and refused to allow his name and picture to be used to promote the product.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unc.edu/~andrewsr/ints092/weikel.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Other Notes:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jesse Owens received free shoes in the 1936 Berlin Olympics from Adidas&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 1970s included several important evolutionary events in sports&#xA;  marketing. Sponsorships of products by athletes emerged as a trend.&#xA;  Joe Namath became a sex symbol and used that image to sell pantyhose,&#xA;  of all things. By the end of the decade the Pittsburgh Steelers&#xA;  defensive tackle &quot;Mean&quot; Joe Green starred in one of the most acclaimed&#xA;  advertisements ever for Coke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="224" LastEditDate="2012-02-24T13:39:55.897" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T13:39:55.897" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="382" CreationDate="2012-02-23T16:00:28.947" Score="3" ViewCount="953" Body="&lt;p&gt;Always been curious of when the first CBA came about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T15:43:20.530" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T15:43:20.530" Title="When did the NBA establish the first collective bargaining agreement ? What were the reasons leading up to this?" Tags="|nba|labor-relations|cba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="381" CreationDate="2012-02-23T16:50:27.780" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From this &lt;a href=&quot;https://webfiles.uci.edu/lcoon/cbafaq/salarycap.htm#Q5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FAQ&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bob Cousy began to organize the NBA players in 1954, although the&#xA;  league refused to recognize the union until 1957. A near strike at the&#xA;  1964 All-Star game forced the league to adopt a pension plan. &lt;strong&gt;The&#xA;  first CBA was established in 1970&lt;/strong&gt;, and new agreements followed in&#xA;  1973, 1976 and 1980. The 1976 CBA coincided with the settlement of the&#xA;  &quot;Oscar Robertson&quot; suit, which was filed by the players association in&#xA;  1970 to block the NBA-ABA merger. The 1976 agreement also provided&#xA;  limited free agency through the elimination of &quot;option&quot; clauses that&#xA;  bound players to teams in perpetuity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From another &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.apbr.org/labor.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;account&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COUSY ORGANIZES THE PLAYERS&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Economic conditions continued unchanged&#xA;  through 1954, at which point Bob Cousy, the league's top player, began&#xA;  to organize the NBPA, which would become the first team sports&#xA;  player's union. Cousy began by writing to an established player from&#xA;  each of the league's teams (Paul Arizin of Philadelphia, Carl Braun of&#xA;  New York, Bob Davies of Rochester, Paul Hoffman of Baltimore, Andy&#xA;  Phillip of Fort Wayne, Pollard, Dolph Schayes of Syracuse and Don&#xA;  Sunderlage of Milwaukee) in hopes of encouraging solidarity among the&#xA;  players. All but Phillip responded positively (of all the owners, Fort&#xA;  Wayne's Fred Zollner, who owned a machine works plant, was the&#xA;  staunchest union opponent and this prevented the Pistons players from&#xA;  participating), and Cousy next went to NBA President Maurice Podoloff&#xA;  at the January, 1955 NBA All-Star Game with a list of concerns:&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;payment of back salaries to the members of the defunct Baltimore&#xA;  Bullets club&lt;/strong&gt;; establishment of a twenty-game limit on exhibition&#xA;  games, after which the players should share in the profits; &lt;strong&gt;abolition&#xA;  of the $15 &quot;whispering fine&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; which referees could impose on a player&#xA;  during a game; payment of $25 expenses for public appearances other&#xA;  than radio, television or certain charitable functions; establishment&#xA;  of an impartial board of arbitration to settle player-owner disputes;&#xA;  moving expenses for traded players; and &lt;strong&gt;payment of player salaries in&#xA;  ten installments rather that twelve&lt;/strong&gt;, to provide more money to players&#xA;  cut during the season. Podoloff agreed to the payment of two weeks'&#xA;  salary to six players who had played for Baltimore before the&#xA;  franchise folded and committed to meeting with the player&#xA;  representatives within two weeks over their concerns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the excerpts above show, players were unhappy with the financial arrangements that they had with the NBA. The players wanted a better pension, some control over the &quot;whisper&quot; fines that referees could impose, payment of back salaries to certain players, and to settle other working conditions and payments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-23T16:50:27.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="383" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="384" CreationDate="2012-02-24T02:55:48.297" Score="9" ViewCount="15019" Body="&lt;p&gt;What options are there when your opponent serves you very heavy top spin? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often, just a slight push forces the ball to hit the ceiling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side, is it possible to use the same strategies if the opponent serves you very heavy bottom spin from a chop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:08:39.757" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T05:28:11.340" Title="Countering heavy top or bottom spin in table tennis?" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|spin|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="383" CreationDate="2012-02-24T03:34:24.027" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are generally only 2 options to counter an opponents topspin shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit topspin back (the aggressive tactic)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Put underspin on your shot and &quot;slice&quot; it back (slow it down by putting lots of opposite-direction spin on your shot). This would be the defensive, controlled tactic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A heavy chop serve is entirely different. You have to get under the ball enough so that you don't drive it into the table (or net), but not so much that you pop it up (for an easy smash by your opponent) as well as not putting too much forward motion into your shot that you hit it long/deep off the end of the table. Depending on how hard of a chop your opponent hits on the serve (and how much back or side spin the server imparts on the ball) this can be pretty tricky and it will take a fair bit of practice before you can consistently hit a good neutral return - especially if your opponent is good enough to alter the direction of the spin each time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: If you watch some video clips of professional table tennis - you'll notice that they generally hit a &quot;chop&quot; style serve, trying to put their serve as short and low over the net as possible - this gives them the biggest advantage because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their opponent has to move up quickly and become out of position potentially for the next shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their opponent has to hit up on the ball, creating enough margin between the height of the ball and the top of the net to enable them to hit a fairly aggressive shot on their next shot, allowing them to become the aggressive player that dictates the outcome of the point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-24T17:16:56.970" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T17:16:56.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="448" CreationDate="2012-02-24T06:12:11.767" Score="14" ViewCount="4668" Body="&lt;p&gt;In high school, virtually all of the distance runners that I've observed used regular running shoes. However, elite level distance runners all seem to use &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_spikes&quot;&gt;track spikes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been any studies that have quantified the benefits of using track spikes versus regular running shoes in longer distance track and field events (I'm thinking 1500+ meter/1+ mile)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2023-10-12T11:51:47.517" Title="What's the performance benefit of track spikes for distance events in track and field?" Tags="|equipment|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="386" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="387" CreationDate="2012-02-24T06:29:08.263" Score="9" ViewCount="715" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules indicating how the net should be placed in table tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should it touch the top?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should it touch the table?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not totally sure. It always seems that we just put it in the middle of the metal holder (not sure what they are called) on both sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-18T19:50:35.077" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T19:50:35.077" Title="The position of the net in table tennis" Tags="|rules|equipment|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="386" CreationDate="2012-02-24T07:07:42.787" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations&lt;/a&gt; state the following (excerpt):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.02   THE NET ASSEMBLY&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.02.01     The net assembly shall consist of the net, its suspension and the supporting posts, including the clamps attaching them to the table.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.02.02     The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the post being 15.25cm outside the side line.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.02.03     The top of the net, along its whole length, shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.02.04     The bottom of the net, along its whole length, shall be as close as possible to the playing surface and the ends of the net shall be as close as possible to the supporting posts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Type &lt;em&gt;net&lt;/em&gt; in the keyword search to get the full list but the ones above are linked to its placement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T07:07:42.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-24T09:17:31.637" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the movie &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0286244/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triplets of Belleville&lt;/a&gt; there appears a Tour de France poster that is hanging near the Champion's bed (a picture from the movie that I found is &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/z4HLG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, the poster is the one with the blue-white-red map of France). Which Tour de France had that particular poster? Where can I find the image?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="163" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T17:39:27.807" Title="What is the year of the Tour de France poster" Tags="|cycling|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-02-25T04:44:14.643" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="386" CreationDate="2012-02-24T17:34:01.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some other things to keep in mind about the net are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tightness of the net - the looser it is, the more shots that hit the top of the net will roll over to the other side. The tighter it is, the more shots will bounce back and not go over the net.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not all shots are required to go over the net. Watch the end of this point: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/858kpMv7hDQ?t=2m&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/858kpMv7hDQ?t=2m&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T17:34:01.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="388" CreationDate="2012-02-24T17:39:27.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0286244/trivia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IMDB&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The yellow-jerseyed leader of the Tour de France depicted in the film&#xA;  is a caricature of five-time tour winner Jacques Anquetil. It would&#xA;  appear that the year is 1957, the year of Anquetil's first win and the&#xA;  only year he participated which featured a stage finish in Marseilles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-24T17:39:27.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="393" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="396" CreationDate="2012-02-24T22:48:34.630" Score="20" ViewCount="3164" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batter pops up or flies out down a base line, and the fielder catching the ball is within a couple feet of the foul line, the umpire will always signal the out, and then &quot;fair&quot; or &quot;foul&quot; depending on where the ball is caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? Runners can tag up on either a foul or fair ball. A missed play would likely be scored an error on the fielder regardless of which side of the line the ball dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there's a (slightly) different scoring notation for caught fair and foul balls. If the left-fielder catches the ball in fair territory it's scored (&quot;7&quot; or &quot;F7&quot;); in foul territory (&quot;7F&quot; or &quot;F7F&quot;). Is there any reason to indicate fair or foul here other than as a courtesy to the scorer to inform him that he needs to write an extra letter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T02:42:31.293" Title="Why do umpires indicate whether a caught fly ball is fair or foul?" Tags="|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="394" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-25T00:37:34.530" Score="14" ViewCount="2350" Body="&lt;p&gt;As colleges can't sign a new player like an NFL team can, what do they do if two or three of their starting QBs go down? Is there a rule that lets them get new players or do they have to play their position players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user249" LastEditorUserId="144" LastEditDate="2012-02-25T16:10:26.117" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T15:12:29.147" Title="How can a 3rd college quarterback be found if two are injured?" Tags="|american-football|rules|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="394" CreationDate="2012-02-25T02:22:17.990" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, the NCAA &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Issues/Recruiting/Football+Recruiting&quot;&gt;limits&lt;/a&gt; teams to 85 scholarships. The teams may recruit any number of scholarship quarterbacks. In addition, teams can also invite players to walk-on, so there are likely to be more than 3 quarterbacks on each team's roster. There is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.allexperts.com/q/College-Football-2792/2011/8/d-1a-limit-football.htm&quot;&gt;cap of 105&lt;/a&gt; players on a roster for Division 1 FBS teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Limit on Number of Participants—Bowl Subdivision. [FBS] In bowl&#xA;  subdivision football, there shall be a limit of &lt;strong&gt;105 student-athletes&#xA;  who may engage in practice activities&lt;/strong&gt; prior to the institution’s first&#xA;  day of classes or the institution’s first contest, whichever occurs&#xA;  earlier. Exception—National Service Academies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, teams are limited in the number of players that can be suited up for each game - these &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.allexperts.com/q/College-Football-2792/2011/8/d-1a-limit-football.htm&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; are set up by conferences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Many Conferences such as the Big 10, ACC and others have set&#xA;  conference travel limits to 72 players While the WAC limits its travel&#xA;  squads to 64.  The NCAA Football Playing Rules do not address this&#xA;  issue as it is an NCAA administrative regulation not a playing rule. &#xA;  The NCAA By-laws have changed over the years. At one time it was 48&#xA;  squad members as the limit for the traveling team.  it has changed&#xA;  over the years from unlimited to 100 to 80 and down to 60.  I did not&#xA;  find the limit in the 2011 by-laws. I suspect the travel limit is 60&#xA;  players with up to 72 to a conference championship.  The Conferences&#xA;  each have their own rules for travel limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, if multiple quarterbacks go down, the teams will still need to field eleven players on offense. The replacement quarterbacks can be existing quarterbacks on the roster (either scholarship or walk-on players) or other position players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-02-25T02:22:17.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-02-25T04:16:15.090" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets say there are no outs and a runner on 3rd, and a ball is hit to the right fielder who dives for it near the foul line. The ball is still in fair territory when the player dives for the ball, but as he lands, the ball falls out of his glove in foul territory. The umpire should have made his decision first as to whether the ball was fair/foul (so lets say his call was fair). Then after that the catch/no catch call should be made. So now say the umpire rules it as no catch. Although the ball has been dropped into foul territory, it has already been ruled fair so it is a live ball and the runner at third would have gotten the fair signal allowing him to tag up. The fair/foul call should be made FIRST proceeded by catch/no catch as to avoid any confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically the reason is just for assurance purposes (like if the fielder drops the ball)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="251" LastActivityDate="2012-02-25T04:16:15.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="398" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="399" CreationDate="2012-02-25T14:58:59.407" Score="6" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any sort of early adoption program that vendors offer for running shoes? The reason I ask is that in my case, I'm running a marathon at the end of May. Saucony is releasing the Kinvara 3 just two weeks before. I'd love the upgrade to the shoes, but two weeks is not a great amount of time to break in a shoe for a Marathon (in my opinion). So, it got me thinking. I wondered if any shoe manufacturer releases shoes to a &quot;beta&quot; group earlier on so they can get feedback, reviews, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you aware of any or are you aware of a sporting goods store (running warehouse, dicks sporting goods, etc) that offer some sort of program?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-17T15:08:11.227" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T10:58:09.560" Title="Early Adoption Program for Running Shoes" Tags="|running|marathon|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-02-25T17:31:19.483" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt you'll have much luck with a vendor.  I happen to work for a seller of running shoes and it is incredibly rare that we get stock of new generation styles well in advance of when we're allowed to sell them.  Occasionally, we may get a single pair to evaluate, but that usually comes with pretty strict guidelines about the distribution or access to that sample pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your best bet is going to be to go to the manufacturer directly, I expect.  Those athletes with sponsorship deals generally have access to the new generation shoes prior to their street availability precisely for reviews, feedback, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Kinvara 3 is scheduled to be released on May 1st at the Boston Marathon, depending on how close to the end of May your marathon is, that might give you an extra week or so to break them in.  Based on the updates to this generation, it doesn't appear that the break-in period will be that much different than that of the Kinvara 2, so if you're familiar and comfortable with that shoe, you should be able to gauge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-02-25T17:31:19.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="417" CreationDate="2012-02-26T08:28:23.290" Score="6" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I go running once or twice per week (30 minutes and around 5 km). I never measure time, or anything else, since that will stress me out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I would like to prepare for a half-marathon. I guess I need to start to time things, improve them and so on. What is, in your opinion, the best system/method for which time is not stressful and you just enjoy running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="258" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T20:25:19.650" LastActivityDate="2022-05-26T15:37:16.203" Title="Stressful preparation of half-marathon" Tags="|training|running|half-marathon|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="400" CreationDate="2012-02-26T09:44:16.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of different ways to train for a half-marathon. Which plan to choose depends on many different factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;how much time do you want to spend every week&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;how many weeks are there until the race&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;which other types of cross-training can you do in the same period&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do you want to run or run/walk the half-marathon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what is the target result for the race&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;can you train with others or will you be alone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot recommend one specific plan over any all other plans - only say you can find an ocean of plans on google - just search for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/webhp?q=half-marathon+training+plan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;half-marathon training plan&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-02-26T09:44:16.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-02-26T14:52:43.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you should check the blade sharpening. If the groove of the blade is too deep, they will feel really sharp and it could be hard to practise stops. Try lowering the groove as much as possible. After you learn how to stop go with deeper groove if the blades feels too dull.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could also try grinding blades against wood to take off the sharpest edge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also something about this at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/480445-how-deep-should-the-grooves-be-in-hockey-skates/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Goalie Skate Sharpening Guide&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="260" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-22T12:25:25.467" LastActivityDate="2016-09-22T12:25:25.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="404" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-26T19:03:57.057" Score="12" ViewCount="4700" Body="&lt;p&gt;Barcelona has clearly been one of the most dominant sides in European football in the past few years. They often play a 4-2-3-1 (or sometimes 4-3-2-1) formation. Is the primary advantage of this formation just that most other sides are still playing with 4-4-2 and so a 4-3-2-1 allows for more presence and control of the midfield?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="261" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T14:46:17.870" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:46:17.870" Title="Advantages of 4-2-3-1 formation" Tags="|football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="405" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="406" CreationDate="2012-02-26T19:32:33.310" Score="13" ViewCount="22053" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm relatively new to skating and hockey. I recently acquired some used hockey skates and I'm wondering if there are some tell-tale signs for when I should go get my skates sharpened. Or alternatively, is there a rule-of-thumb for how often you get your skates sharpened? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="261" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:44:34.390" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T12:44:55.360" Title="Tell-tale signs for dull skates" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|skating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="405" CreationDate="2012-02-26T23:12:23.580" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few things to look for on your skate blades to indicate it's time for sharpening. First would be visible nicks appearing anywhere along the length of the blade.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also want to look out for 'rounded' edges.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GOXKm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly you will want to avoid pitting which is quite common if you leave your cloth skate guards on your skates between sessions.  Be sure to wipe down your steel after you get home to ensure your blades are dry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would argue that there isn't a 'rule-of-thumb' with regard to sharpening frequency, Pro's get their blades sharpened every period, amateurs can likely go weeks without any consequence.  After you gain more experience you will be able to 'feel' when it's time to head to the pro-shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:44:55.360" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T12:44:55.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="400" CreationDate="2012-02-27T00:36:35.270" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A half-marathon is a &lt;strong&gt;distance&lt;/strong&gt;, not a competition/stress level!  If you want to extend your stress free running to a longer distance, then go for it!  Keep in mind though, jogging for 13.1 miles can take a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tonny suggests some good first questions if you don't really want to just jog, but instead want to participate in a more competitive fashion.  I would add another question to be answered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about running stresses you out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running shouldn't stress you out!!! If it's dealing with all the timing gear, GPS's, heartrate monitors, etc. - then don't use them! If finding time to run is a stressor, then you'll need to (gradually!!) increase your intensity. If the competition stresses you out, then plan on being the last guy in the starting chute, and finish in the same position - and enjoy conversations with other back of the packers!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T00:36:35.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-02-27T00:42:12.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not really a direct answer to your question, but hopefully it helps: I never break in race shoes more than a week or two. My protocol for new shoes: wear them around the house the night I buy them. Take them for a shortish run (3-5 miles). Then take them for a longish run (10 miles).  And you're done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree that you probably won't get shoes early from the vendor, unless you are sponsored by them.  If they are going to be released at Boston, something to do would be to find someone who is in Boston that week, and have them grab you up a pair or two, and Fed-Ex them to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T00:42:12.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="404" CreationDate="2012-02-27T03:57:34.710" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well for one, you have the advantage of not being over run in midfield. For example, if you play 4-2-3-1 against a classic 4-4-2 then you have 3 central midfielders (2 defensive, middle of the attacking three) against the 2 central midfielders of the 4-4-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, in a 4-2-3-1 the 2 defensive midfielders can concentrate on providing the defensive shield in front of the back 4, while converting defense into attack, yet not usually getting caught in highly advanced positions, thus leaving the team exposed on the counter. Think of players like Xabi Alonso and Sergio Busquets, who make a living out of playing these positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="264" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T03:57:34.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-27T04:43:05.037" Score="22" ViewCount="14381" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football it is my assumption that any players on the same team can exchange their positions without waiting for the ball to leave play or without making any explicit indication to the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know how this applies to the goalkeeper:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can any player assume the role of goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do they need to change clothing with the goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do they need to announce this change to either the referee or the opposing team?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do they need to wait for the ball to leave play?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="265" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-29T09:04:26.627" LastActivityDate="2019-04-29T09:04:26.627" Title="In football, what rules handle a player changing their position with the goalkeeper?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-27T04:52:18.177" Score="15" ViewCount="5776" Body="&lt;p&gt;On occasion you see sometimes players try this tactic where they squeeze the ball between two feet and hop across the goal line in an attempt to score. This is usually kids learning the game or adults goofing around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal or must a ball be kicked across the line to count as a goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="265" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2021-07-13T12:34:54.223" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T12:34:54.223" Title="Squeezing the ball between two feet and hopping across the field" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="410" CreationDate="2012-02-27T04:56:57.193" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Law 3 of FIFA Laws of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper, provided that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee is informed before the change is made &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the change is made during a stoppage in the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find mention of the changing of the jersey, but as per custom, usually the goalie in indicated by wearing a different color. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="264" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T04:56:57.193" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="416" CreationDate="2012-02-27T04:58:15.190" Score="19" ViewCount="2369" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many ball sports played in Australia there is a familiar term &quot;shepherding&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherding_%28Australian_rules_football%29&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; describes it as this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Shepherding is the act of legally pushing, bumping or blocking an opposing player from gaining possession of the ball or reaching the contest.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually the person doing the shepherding is not in possession of the ball themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules in football which prevents one player from preventing an opposing player access to the ball either by blocking access to the ball or by blocking access for them to take the ball from the player in possession on your team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="265" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-12-15T06:54:13.857" LastActivityDate="2021-06-28T19:51:03.693" Title="Rules around shepherding in football" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="411" CreationDate="2012-02-27T05:32:10.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player is not allowed to control the ball (so that it can't move freely) at any time, which would include across the goal line.  Exceptions would be the goalkeeper, or during a throw in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T05:32:10.047" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="415" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="467" CreationDate="2012-02-27T06:02:04.077" Score="0" ViewCount="1052" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm in Bellevue, WA this week and am trying to find some good places to run. I'm sure I can just find a park and do many loops, but I'm looking for some mapped runs of 7-10 miles. I'm sure if a website is mentioned, it would be larger than just this area, but I'm particularly focused on Bellevue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T13:13:01.883" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T13:13:01.883" Title="Is there any good website to view running trails in the Bellevue, WA area?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-08-22T22:10:15.050" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="413" CreationDate="2012-02-27T06:23:15.437" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is a rule against this. It is a part of Rule 12 &amp;quot;Fouls and misconduct&amp;quot; and it's called &amp;quot;Impeding the progress of an opponent&amp;quot; per page 116 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/datdz0pms85gbnqy4j3k.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA rules&lt;/a&gt;.  But it goes on to say that a player can &amp;quot;shield&amp;quot; the ball if it's within playing distance of the shielding player (and if the shielding player doesn't use their hands or body to contain the other player).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bFpBF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastEditorUserId="21501" LastEditDate="2021-06-28T19:51:03.693" LastActivityDate="2021-06-28T19:51:03.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="400" CreationDate="2012-02-27T09:11:51.487" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're not timing things now, why are you worrying about timing things for a half? I'd recommend just building up your distance (the coach's favourite is 10% - try not to increase this week's total distance by more than last week plus 10%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly you'll get a happier all around experience by starting to time yourself - the idea of doing shorter, sharper, harder runs as part of a training programme where you're also doing longer pieces is fairly well understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the timing isn't about setting targets - &amp;quot;today's run is going to be 10k at &amp;lt;pace&amp;gt;&amp;quot; - it is about learning about how your body should be reacting to specific pieces of work. Many plans will say things like &amp;quot;60 minutes at 70% of 10k pace&amp;quot; or similar. This is indicative of the effort you should be doing - but if you've no idea what that means, the plan isn't going to be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be useful to consider what is stressful about the plan for you? Do you react badly to targets, to being pushed, to not just getting out there are making it up as you go along, the idea of missing a requested aim?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why have you decided to do a half? Work back from that to formulate your plan. If it's just to tick it off, time no option, then all you really need to is beef up your distance; so do 33mins next week instead of your normal 30, 36 the week after that - within a few months you'll be well over an hour and well on the way to covering a half!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-05-26T15:37:16.203" LastActivityDate="2022-05-26T15:37:16.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="415" CreationDate="2012-02-27T11:58:45.240" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I travel a fair bit and always want to run in the places I visit, so I have the same problem. I usually try the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Google for runs using the search terms &quot;running in &amp;lt;your location&amp;gt;&quot; - that will very, very often come up with a site or two for official running clubs in your area. And they usually have a number of suggestions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For the US, I have successfully used &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runningintheusa.com/&quot;&gt;Running in the USA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On a more global scale, I use &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mapmyrun.com/routes/?&quot;&gt;MapMyRUN&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.endomondo.com/routes/&quot;&gt;Endomondo (you must log-in first)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Bellevue, WA Endomondo returned 200+ routes in and about the city center...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-02-27T11:58:45.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="426" CreationDate="2012-02-27T13:08:55.417" Score="8" ViewCount="3649" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read all about the benefits of using a heart-rate monitor during training to make sure you are in the correct zone for the given type of exercise, i.e. Zone 3 for regular distance training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: is it useful to run with a heart-rate monitor during a race or should I just go with my feeling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you think it is useful, what strategy should I adopt to optimize my race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: to get the context, my planned races are 10k and half-marathon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastEditorUserId="90" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T06:14:36.313" LastActivityDate="2014-01-25T20:24:16.997" Title="Using a Heart-rate monitor during race" Tags="|running|equipment|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="421" CreationDate="2012-02-27T19:42:32.407" Score="10" ViewCount="6177" Body="&lt;p&gt;I curious about what the official rules are for playing doubles in table tennis. It seems like every time I play, someone has a different set of rules from what I've played before.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do the partners have to alternate returning the ball?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does serving work?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I.e. when do you alternate who serves and whom will receive the serve?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="261" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-11-28T14:28:08.890" LastActivityDate="2020-04-10T00:22:15.087" Title="Doubles rules in table tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="420" CreationDate="2012-02-27T20:42:15.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-doubles-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;allabouttabletennis.com&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; explains it pretty well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, the main 3 rules that most people playing doubles observe are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the required serve location (to the opposite diagonal section of the table) and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;switching sides between service games/servers. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then of course, you also alternate which player has to hit the ball each time (the sequence of who hits the ball - nobody should hit the ball more than once every 4 hits).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T14:44:00.723" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:44:00.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="422" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-28T00:42:14.547" Score="5" ViewCount="1311" Body="&lt;p&gt;A follow up to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/350/why-were-artificial-turfs-introduced-in-hockey&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Introduction of artificial turfs are blamed for India and Pakistan no longer being the force in international hockey that they once were. (India won the Olympics gold from 1928 to 1956 and 1964, with Pakistan winning in 1960 and 1968). But after introduction of artificial turfs, their only gold was in 1980 Moscow Olympics, which was in a weakened field due to boycotts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that an even surface provided by the artificial turf would help a game play which focused on speed and long passes, but how would it inversely affect the game play based on dribbling and short passes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="195" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T06:58:39.400" Title="Why did artificial turfs affect the game play of India and Pakistan?" Tags="|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="423" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-28T01:43:46.423" Score="10" ViewCount="2815" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the best tactics to use against a player who uses excessive pushing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I play with a group of about 20 guys each week without a referee. Every now and then a player will come along who relies on pushing to get past opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I try to play as reasonably as possible and the shoving is not bad enough that I want to push someone on their ass for doing it. So, what are the best legal tactics to prevent this kind of person from pushing past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should I call a foul and risk being ignored because the pushing is not extreme?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should I push back?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a way that I can position myself without using hands to counter this behaviour?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Something more aggressive like chopping the hands?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="265" LastActivityDate="2012-04-24T15:30:09.487" Title="Tactics to counter pushing" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="422" CreationDate="2012-02-28T04:35:27.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons why India suffered with the introduction of artificial turfs.  I was watching a program where the former Indian hockey players and the Experts were giving reasons why, the Indian players were failing to play well as a unit on the artificial turfs. &#xA;These were the points they mentioned in the show. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unavailability of the synthetic turfs across the country. This can be attributed to the fact that laying these turfs will need huge investments, which Indian hockey federation never was able to manage. So the players come to play in the international matches after playing most of their games in academies on non-synthetic turfs. So they fail to play well as they need to have better control of the ball with the stick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The coaches in the academies seem to still adopt non modern methods of training which will affect the players' game. The strategies, on which the game played, as they opined, were obsolete. So what they told was that the Indian coaches need to understand the game as it is now and train the players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in nutshell they were saying that the &lt;strong&gt;inability of the Indian hockey federation to cope to the changes done by the FIH as the main reason for Indian Hockey's decline&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The change in turf had a huge impact in a negative way as the Indian&#xA;  Hockey federation was not able to take measures to adapt to the changes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We should also not forget the kind of corruption that existed in IHF. That might also be one of the reasons why we had horrible teams in the past competing in major tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T04:35:27.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-02-28T11:15:08.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have identified your ideal heart rate for the distance you are running, and use a monitor in training then it makes sense to use it in a race - it helps you to keep from getting caught up in the race spirit and pushing too hard (especially useful in longer distance runs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to just use my feeling and a known running cadence, which worked for most marathons, but for my last Paris Marathon I got over excited early on and ruined my time by overdoing it. Since then I would swear by a monitor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T11:15:08.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-02-28T13:45:59.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should race as you train - otherwise why are you training like that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're training to bring about adaptation to promote your body's ability to perform optimally in the task you're asking of it. If you're using a heart rate monitor to prepare for a race - whether it's 400m, 5k a marathon or anything else on the scale - then you're using the feedback to guide you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We all know that race day is full of distractions, unusual situations, the adrenaline of competition so using a monitor will, I would suggest, be absolutely vital to allow you at least one dimension that you can control. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's an old adage, &quot;nothing new on race day&quot; - normally this means no new equipment, so no new shoes that will rub in a new place, or a new gel or bar that might not sit quite as easily in your stomach or whatever. If you're not used to running blind (on speed or any other metric you normally track), then don't do it on a day when you are guaranteed to be feeling emotions that will make you behave very differently to normal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your HRM based training will have led you to a point where you'll know the target zone for your run. &lt;strong&gt;Definitely&lt;/strong&gt; use that information on the day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T13:45:59.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="423" CreationDate="2012-02-28T15:00:05.077" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you playing with the same set of guys each week?  If so, is it possible for someone (or you) to address the group before you start playing and generally talk about rules?  You don't need to single out the culprit (unless you want to), just talk in a general manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to go at the issue yourself without trying to cause conflict, sounds like you probably need to see the guy coming and just shield him off the ball with your body.  If he does try to push you, it should be an obvious foul (which you should call).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T15:00:05.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="415" CreationDate="2012-02-28T16:56:13.857" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runmap.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.runmap.net/&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wandermap.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.wandermap.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T16:56:13.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="429" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="430" CreationDate="2012-02-28T17:53:36.300" Score="14" ViewCount="759" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever I hit the ball hard especially when I miss the sweet spot my racket is dislodged slightly in my hand. The problem is intensified when my hand becomes sweaty and the accuracy of my shots suffers greatly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I started wearing a sweatband which did remedy the problem a little, however the grip is still far from satisfactory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I achieve a better grip?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="273" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2012-02-28T20:18:27.883" LastActivityDate="2012-03-05T17:46:27.117" Title="Squash - what is wrong with my grip?" Tags="|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:18:10.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you tried wrapping something over the base grip of your racket? Some people use gauze and can also buy overgrips which are meant to absorb moisture and provide a tacky feel. If you tend to play with loose hands overgrips can really help. These things I am describing (gauze and overgrips) are generally very thin and don't increase the overall size of the grip that drastically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-28T18:26:44.410" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T18:26:44.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="431" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:21:50.437" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis is a racquet-and-ball sport in which two players or pairs take turns hitting a ball with their racquet, sending it over a net in the center of the court to the opposing player or side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern tennis is played on a court, 78 feet long (marked with two &quot;back lines&quot;) and 27 feet wide (36 feet for &quot;doubles&quot; tennis, marked with &quot;side lines&quot;). The surface of the court may be a hard surface (often concrete, common for recreational courts due to the durability and low cost of maintenance), clay dirt, or grass. The court is divided in half by a net 3 feet 6 inches tall at the posts (dipping to 3 feet even in the center). Each half is divided roughly in half again with a line 21 feet from the net called the service line, and a line perpendicular to the service line is drawn between the service lines and is called the center line. Players each have one racquet, used to hit a pressurized but not re-inflatable latex ball with a green fuzzy covering. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;point&quot; or &quot;rally&quot; begins with a &quot;serve&quot;; an initial hit at the ball made by the serving player behind the player's &quot;back line&quot;. One player serves for all points in a game, and then the serve passes to the opposing player for the next game. The player may not cross the back line while serving (a &quot;foot fault&quot;), and the ball, after being struck, must pass cleanly over the net, cross the center line, and bounce in front of the opposite service line and in-bounds (failure to do any of these is a &quot;fault&quot;). After this is done (a player committing a fault gets a second try, and on a &quot;double fault&quot; a point is awarded to the other player), the opposing player must then hit it before it bounces a second time, and again must send it cleanly over the net but it may bounce anywhere between the side lines and before the back line. Players then take turns hitting the ball over the net to each other, until one of three things happens: the ball bounces twice on one side of the net; the ball takes its first bounce &quot;out of bounds&quot; outside the side lines or behind the back line; or the ball fails to cross the net before bouncing after having been struck by a player. When one of these happens, the player who last played the ball successfully (from their racquet across the net and in bounds) wins the rally and is awarded a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players must score four points, and at least two more than their opponent, to win a game. Points in a game have special terms, progressing from &quot;love&quot; (zero) to 15, 30, 40, and then &quot;game&quot;. A game tied 40-40 is said to be at &quot;deuce&quot;; the player who wins the next point has the &quot;advantage&quot;, and if they win the next point they win the game, otherwise the score returns to &quot;deuce&quot;. A &quot;set&quot; is won by the first player to win at least six games and at least two more than their opponent (though in most tournaments, if any set but the final set is tied 6-6, the next game decides the set). A &quot;match&quot; (the normal &quot;deciding unit of play&quot; in competitions and tournaments) is won by the first player to win two out of three sets, or three of five for certain men's tournaments. There is no predefined time limit, and usually there is no tie-breaking game in the last (third or fifth) set of the match, so tennis matches may be quite long; the longest Wimbledon final in history, played in 2008 between tennis greats Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, lasted for four and a half hours of actual play, with two rain delays adding an additional three hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis is played recreationally between casual players on local courts maintained by municipalities or local gyms, and competitively at the middle school, high school, college and professional levels. Four historic &quot;Grand Slam&quot; tournaments are held each year, in Melbourne, Australia (the Australian Open), Paris, France (the French Open), London, England (Wimbledon) and Queens, New York (US Open), with the winner of each receiving prize money in the millions of US dollars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-09T02:36:34.567" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T02:36:34.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="432" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:21:50.437" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of tennis." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:45:31.227" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:45:31.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="433" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:23:19.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The National Football League or NFL is the premiere professional league for gridiron football in the United States. It was formed in 1920 by the merger of several regional pro football leagues, and was originally named the American Professional Football Conference. In 1960, a competing league, the American Football League, was created, and the combination of the two leagues made professional football the most popular spectator sport in the U.S., surpassing Major League Baseball. In the face of competition for players and rising costs, the NFL negotiated a merger with the AFL in 1966, and over the next four years merged the two leagues into a single National Football League, composed of two conferences, the NFC (made up primarily of teams from the original NFL) and the AFC (made up primarily of AFL teams). Since the merger was finalized in 1970, 6 more teams have been added to bring the NFL to its current makeup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current NFL is composed of 32 teams, 16 in the NFC and 16 in the AFC, the most recent expansion being the addition of the Houston Texans in 2002 (Houston's previous team, the Oilers, moved to Tennessee to become the Titans in 1998). Prior to this addition, each conference had three divisions, East, Central and West, but the 2002 season saw the creation of a &amp;quot;South&amp;quot; division in each conference, with the Central division being renamed &amp;quot;North&amp;quot;, and teams changed divisions (and in the Seattle Seahawks' case, conferences) to arrange the divisions geographically while retaining the most historic matchups (for instance, the Dallas Cowboys are in the NFC East despite being further west than the St. Louis Rams of the NFC West, due to long-standing division rivalries of both teams in those conferences). The current structure of each conference is 4 divisions, North, South, East and West, of 4 teams each, which is the basis for much of the regular season and playoff structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL season begins in the late summer with the preseason; four weeks of exhibition games, two home and two away for each team, that do not affect a team's win-loss record for the year. These games are primarily used to attract attention to a team's new players, as well as to give the coaches a look at various lineups and player combinations before deciding on an official starting lineup for the regular season. The preseason is also an opportunity for the league to set up &amp;quot;dream matchups&amp;quot;; games between popular teams that don't often play each other, or &amp;quot;grudge matches&amp;quot;, recreating a matchup that had occurred in the previous year and resulted in severe fallout for one or both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The season then proceeds into the regular schedule of 16 games played over 17 weeks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Three games at home, one each against its three division rivals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Three games away, again one each against its three division rivals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Four games against the teams of another division of the same conference (rotating on a three-year cycle), divided as evenly as possible between home and away&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Four games against the teams of a division in the other conference (rotating on a four-year cycle), divided as evenly as possible between home and away&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two games, one each against the teams in the two other divisions of the same conference (besides its own and the rotating division), who had the same division ranking in the previous year, one home and one away&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One &amp;quot;bye week&amp;quot; with no game played, typically in the middle third of the season, for the team to rest and practice, and also giving the league fewer games each week allowing them to give more TV airtime to each team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Special game times are reserved for Thanksgiving Day, with some teams that would normally play on the following Saturday instead dealing with a &amp;quot;short week&amp;quot; from the previous Sunday game, in exchange for better ratings due to a time slot less likely to conflict with holiday travel plans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the regular season, the team in each division with the best overall win-loss record &amp;quot;wins&amp;quot; their division and advances to the playoffs. Ties within a division are decided by a list of potential tiebreakers, starting with &amp;quot;head-to-head&amp;quot; record (a team that won both the games played against the other advances), then by division record, then by record against common opponents, then by conference record, and so forth. Additionally, the three best teams from each conference out of those who didn't win their division are chosen as &amp;quot;wild cards&amp;quot;, and also advance. There used to be only 2 wild card teams, but as of the 2020 season the number has increased to 3. In the first round, the division winner in each conference with the best regular-season records get the week off (a &amp;quot;first round bye&amp;quot;), while the other three division winners are each matched with a wild card team from the conference. The winners from the first round are then matched with each other and the team with the bye, and then the winners of those two games play each other for the conference championship. During this process, the team with the better regular-season record in each matchup gets home field advantage for the game, except that the &amp;quot;wild card&amp;quot; teams play every playoff game as the visiting team, even if their regular-season record was better than the team they're playing, as the division winners hosts the first round games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the two conference champions are decided, these two teams will play each other in the Super Bowl to decide the league champion. This game is usually held in mid to late January, or more recently in early February, after the NCAA college bowl games have been played (the expanded NCAA BCS structure has necessitated adjustments to the NFL schedule to avoid conflicts). The venue for each year's Super Bowl is decided several years in advance, out of a pool of competing stadiums that meet a set of criteria; primarily seating capacity, although the climate of the stadium and/or its ability to be enclosed is also a factor, as the game is played in the winter (Lambeau Field, home turf for the Green Bay Packers, has yet to host a Super Bowl for these reasons). The venue has never, to date, been the home field of either participating team, though this is not by rule; a team may advance to the Super Bowl in a year when their home stadium has been chosen to host it, and the game will then be played on that team's home field (though the team may still be labelled the &amp;quot;away team&amp;quot; for the game; the NFC champion is the home team in odd-numbered years while the AFC is the home team in even-numbered years). The Super Bowl is the most watched television event in the United States, and second only to the UEFA Champions League soccer final in worldwide ratings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players begin the path to the NFL at a very young age, with local &amp;quot;pee-wee&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;squirt&amp;quot; football leagues available for players as young as four. Interscholastic athletics typically begins in the 7th grade (about age 13), continuing through junior high and high school, and into collegiate play in the NCAA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Division 1-A collegiate teams are heavily scouted by NFL representatives in preparation for the NFL Draft, the system in which most NFL players are hired (recruiting of new players from college outside the Draft is strictly controlled by the NFL and NCAA, though &amp;quot;free agents&amp;quot; can be hired by a team, and teams can hold &amp;quot;open tryouts&amp;quot; allowing anyone to audition for a spot). Teams are ordered in reverse order of their winning records from the previous season; the team with the worst winning record of the previous regular season gets the first pick from the eligible draftees, and so on, with the Super Bowl winner of that year getting the last pick in each round. Drafting typically lasts for several rounds, and &amp;quot;back-room&amp;quot; deals are allowed that can change the team's draft order (a team may, for instance, agree to trade its ability to choose a player in a particular round to another team in exchange for another player, money and/or other benefits).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T21:17:00.453" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T21:17:00.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="434" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:23:19.297" Score="0" Body="Questions about the National Football League (NFL), the premiere professional league for American gridiron football." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-08-09T02:14:43.410" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T02:14:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="435" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:23:53.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Volleyball is a team ball and net sport, using an inflatable padded ball similar in size to a soccer ball and a net raised off the ground with its top edge at 8 feet. The sport can be played in a swimming pool (water volleyball, usually played recreationally by as many as are available), on sand (beach volleyball, usually played competitively in pairs or recreationally in teams) or on a hard surface (court volleyball, usually played competitively in teams of 6). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After one team &quot;serves&quot; the ball by sending it over the net with a single hit from behind the back line, teams each get three consecutive hits on the ball, no two of which may be made consecutively by the same player, to send it over the net to their opponents' side, where the opposing team then has the same three-hit opportunity. A &quot;block&quot; (a player raising their hands over the net to prevent the ball crossing it) does not count towards these three hits, however it does count as contact by that player when considering &quot;double hits&quot; and whose side last touched the ball. If the ball hits the playing surface in-bounds, the team on the side it landed loses the &quot;rally&quot;. If the ball lands out of bounds, the last team to touch it loses the rally. Any player who touches the net with any part of their body during play loses the rally for their side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring of points has recently changed. Originally, points could only be awarded to the serving team; if the receiving team won the rally, they gained &quot;possession&quot; (the opportunity to serve) and the players rotated positions, but the side did not score a point. However, at most levels of play it is common for teams to alternate winning rallies, and so many rallies can be won without a single point being awarded. To speed play, this was changed so that the team that wins the rally always gets a point, with the receiving team also gaining the serve and rotating positions if they win. A competitive game or &quot;set&quot; is typically played until one team scores either 15 (in most junior or rec leagues), 25 (for adult women's leagues) or 30 (for men's leagues) points and is two points ahead; a team may win a &quot;match&quot; by having won two more sets than their opponent at any time, or by winning the fifth set (which is typically played to only 15 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three basic hits allowed on the volleyball besides various techniques used to serve the ball; the bump, made from just behind the ball's position by extending one's hands straight in front of the player with fists together or hands interlocked and hitting the ball with the forearms; the set, made from a position directly underneath the ball by hitting it nearly directly upwards with fingers or palms; and the spike, made again from underneath or nearly underneath the ball by hitting it forward and downward with an overhand palm or fist. These are the most controllable motions and thus are generally taught to athletes; however, any fair strike on the volleyball is allowed, such as a single fist from underneath. Players must not catch, hold or &quot;lift&quot; the ball during play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To serve, two basic techniques are used; the underhand serve, used by recreational players, begins with the player holding the ball in the palm of their non-dominant hand and swinging the palm or fist of their dominant hand underneath it to hit it over the net. The overhand serve, used by most competitive players, begins with the player tossing the ball straight up overhead, and then hitting it with a palm or fist similar to a spike. The overhand serve is more difficult to perform accurately, but is much faster (at high levels of play a serve can exceed 70mph), and once mastered it it possible to add spin to the ball that causes it to curve off its initial line, similar to a baseball pitch, making such a serve more difficult to return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the U.S., court volleyball is played competitively beginning at about the 6th or 7th grade and continuing through high school and college. At these levels it is primarily a women's (girls') sport, although many high schools and colleges offer men's court volleyball in the spring in parallel with track and field. Sand volleyball is uncommon in school leagues due to the small number of players the game supports. Professional volleyball in the United States has had very limited success, although with recent rules changes to increase scoring, both beach and court volleyball are beginning to gain popularity in women's sports. Volleyball is played at the international level, with many international leagues for both beach and court volleyball, and both sports are currently featured in the Summer Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T18:39:18.747" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T18:39:18.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="436" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:23:53.170" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of volleyball. Beach volleyball should use the [beach-volleyball] tag. " OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T15:06:06.140" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:06:06.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="437" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:25:25.720" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-05-16T09:21:02.523" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T09:21:02.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="438" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:25:25.720" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of table tennis. Also referred to by many as &quot;ping pong&quot;." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2022-05-16T09:20:49.143" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T09:20:49.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="439" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:29:33.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Golf is an outdoor precision ball sport, in which players use a variety of clubs to propel a ball along the course and into a series of holes, with the object of completing the course in the fewest possible strokes. The modern game emerged in Scotland in the 15th century, borrowing from elements of older games from disparate regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was originally a smooth wooden sphere, with more expensive balls composed of feathers stuffed into a shrunken leather spherical pouch (called a &quot;featherie&quot;). This evolved through the centuries, with many advancements coming in the 1900s with novel materials and designs. The modern golf ball is composed of varying layers of synthetic materials, selected and designed for various qualities such as compression/hardness (a harder ball travels further but has less lift-inducing backspin), durability, spin control and &quot;feel&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clubs originally had metal heads attached to wooden shafts with wrapped leather grips. Over time, the shape of the clubheads evolved to perform different tasks such as long-distance shots, high-lofted shots, and short rolling shots. The design of clubs became more and more standardized by tradition and rules definitions, and today comprise four major classes: woods, typically used for long-distance shots from the tee or turf; irons, used for a variety of shots from many places on the course, and the putter, a specialized club for rolling the ball along the putting green and into the hole. A new class, hybrids, was developed in the late 1990s as a cross between woods and irons as an answer to the difficult to hit &quot;long irons&quot;. &quot;Wedges&quot; are a subclass of irons typically differentiated by very high loft angles of the clubface (48 degrees or more), used for a variety of &quot;utility&quot; shots such as escaping from hazards, hitting onto the green from close range and other tricky situations. The modern club typically has a hollow steel or carbon-fiber (&quot;graphite&quot;) shaft, and a molded rubber or composite synthetic grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;round&quot; of play typically consists of 18 &quot;holes&quot; (a course may have 9 holes and players play each one twice, or may have more than 18 which can be rotated or substituted for maintenance or variability reasons). Each hole consists of four major parts: the &quot;tee box&quot; is the starting point at which all players make their first shot. The &quot;fairway&quot; is an area of relatively close-cut, well-maintained grass turf which is advantageous to play from, and which players attempt to play onto as they move &quot;through the green&quot; toward the hole. The fairway is surrounded on its edges by &quot;rough&quot;, taller grass which impedes the club's impact with the ball and is more difficult to hit from with accuracy and distance. At the end of each hole is the &quot;putting green&quot; or simply the &quot;green&quot;, which has the actual &quot;hole&quot; or &quot;cup&quot; and a &quot;flagstick&quot; indicating the hole's position from a distance. Also common on most holes is one or more &quot;hazards&quot;, such as sand-filled pits called &quot;bunkers&quot;, or streams or ponds which are &quot;water hazards&quot;. A hole is rated according to how many strokes should be necessary to place the ball in the hole, with all holes given a minimum of one &quot;tee shot&quot; and two &quot;putts&quot;; this rating is called the hole's &quot;par&quot;, and most holes are rated as a par-3, par-4 or par-5. A few par-6 and a couple of par-7 holes exist, but these are rare; the distances required to necessitate 7 strokes is quite long (880+ yards), and pure distance as the primary obstacle can actually reduce the difficulty of the course for &quot;scratch golfers&quot; while drastically increasing it for the casual amateur, so instead course designers seek to add features such as terrain variations and hazards to increase difficulty at all skill levels. The total par rating of all holes of a course is known as the &quot;course par&quot;, and most courses are a par-72, but courses with a lower par (as low as 68) are common as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three main rules of golf are: &quot;play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you can do neither, do what is fair&quot;. More specific rules comprise the full &quot;Rules of Golf&quot;, primarily expanding on what is &quot;fair&quot; in various common situations, typically prescribing &quot;penalties&quot; in exchange for &quot;relief&quot; from particularly disadvantageous situations. In the U.S., the rules of play, strictly enforced at sanctioned events, are set by the governing body, the United States Golf Association or USGA. The main international governing body for golf is the R&amp;amp;A, originally the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, but the rulemaking body has since become separate from the actual golf club of St Andrews. Most national golf associations including the USGA generally base their rules on those of the R&amp;amp;A, but there have been notable variations between the USGA and R&amp;amp;A rulesets over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf is played at almost every level of age and skill, with serviceable club sets available for children as young as 3 as well as for senior citizens or the handicapped, and nearly infinite levels of customization available to tailor a set of clubs to a player's height, posture, swing speed, and other age- and skill-related factors. The overwhelming majority of players are &quot;casual amateurs&quot;, playing recreationally for fun, challenge and exercise (&quot;walking the course&quot; on foot without a motorized cart requires hiking in excess of five miles over varied terrain). A small percentage make money teaching the game, with a very select few &quot;touring professionals&quot; playing in major sanctioned tournaments for prize money and corporate sponsorship. The game was an Olympic sport in the 1900 and 1904 Games, but was discontinued for over 100 years until it was announced that the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro would feature golf as an event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found on Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Golf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Golf Clubs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Golf Equipment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_course&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Golf Course&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T22:32:35.300" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T22:32:35.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="440" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T18:29:33.580" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of golf." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-20T19:16:38.227" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T19:16:38.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="441" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-28T20:41:56.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Squash is a racquet-and-ball sport typically played by two people in an enclosed, walled court similar to a racquetball court. Squash racquets are typically long on overall length, and used to be shaped much like badminton racquets (only sturdier), but are now more like racquetball rackets, oblong to triangular in shape only longer than a standard racquetball racquet. Squash balls are also similar to racquetballs but come in a wide variety of compounds and thicknesses that govern the amount of bounce the ball has; different standards are used at different levels of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The court is slightly shorter from front to back than a regulation racquetball court, and additionally has lines painted on the walls indicating &quot;out of bounds&quot;; unlike racquetball where any part of any surface except the ceiling can be played off of, if the ball lands above (or in the case of the bottom line on the front wall, below) any &quot;out&quot; line, the &quot;rally&quot; is over and is won by the player or side that didn't hit the ball last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play is otherwise much like racquetball; the ball may hit, and be played off of, any in-bounds area of any wall including the back wall. The ball may only bounce on the floor once between being hit by alternating players' racquets, it may not be hit by the same player or side twice in a row, and it may not hit the floor between being hit by a racquet and hitting the front wall. If any of these happen, the rally is won by the player or side that last played the ball successfully (from their racquet to the front wall without bouncing off the floor or out of bounds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original scoring system was similar to traditional volleyball scoring, where points were awarded only to the team that served the ball and won the rally; in modern scoring, just as in volleyball, a point is now awarded to the side that wins a rally regardless of whether that side served that rally. Games are played to 11 points, with the victor required to win by two points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-01-26T03:28:14.840" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T03:28:14.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="442" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-28T20:41:56.633" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of squash." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-20T14:46:01.807" LastActivityDate="2012-09-20T14:46:01.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="423" CreationDate="2012-02-28T23:30:43.747" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it is a particular player and you see him coming at you, it is not illegal to position yourself to take the push. Lean into the push and/or go shoulder to shoulder with the player. If someone gets physical with you, you have to get physcial back. Obviously, I don't mean fighting and confronting the player, but you can't just give up the physical battle with someone. Outmuscling opponents is part of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternativley, you could just flop and call for the foul. This is also a part of the game... although it is a strategy that is looked down upon, and is actually techinically illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="269" LastActivityDate="2012-02-28T23:30:43.747" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="385" CreationDate="2012-02-28T23:35:35.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The entire purpose of using track spikes is simply to increase the traction you have on the track surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine you tried to run on ice with your running shoes. You're not going to have any traction and you're not going to get very far. Actually you'll probably slip. If you were to use track spikes, the spikes would dig into the ice and you would gain significantly more traction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the same principal when running on the track surface. The spikes catch the surface and give you more traction. Thus there is less &quot;slipping&quot; of your shoes on the track surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, it is basically used for performance optimization. I'm not sure if there are any studies done on whether or not they actually increase performance, but I personally would suspect they do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="269" LastEditorUserId="24" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T15:49:41.817" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T15:49:41.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="447" CreationDate="2012-02-29T00:24:58.593" Score="10" ViewCount="17425" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the high school level, my local district limited an athlete to four events in one track and field meet. Famous sprinters like Carl Lewis have won four gold medals in one meet and other track and field athletes often compete in multiple related events (shotput and discus, sprints and relays, sprints and various jumps, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without considering scheduling and logistical conflicts, and the physical limitations of the athlete, is there rule that limits on the number of track and field events that an athlete may enter in one meet, assuming that this athlete had the requisite skill to compete in each entered event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T15:48:59.807" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T15:48:59.807" Title="Is there a limit on the number of events that a track and field athlete may enter in one meet?" Tags="|rules|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-02-29T01:54:40.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like Unsliced said, race the way you train.  However, I was discussing a race with a friend who had a combo heart rate/GPS unit, and in Detroit, the marathon goes over the bridge to Canada then back to the US via a mile long tunnel, and the fact her GPS was off really unsettled her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She had become so dependent on the tools/toys that she got seriously rattled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus my advice would be use it, but be flexible enough to adjust to any issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides you can identify at least two major zones with an HRM.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;60% is the point at which you can start to hear yourself breathing.&#xA;85% is the point at which you can no longer hold a conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T01:54:40.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="445" CreationDate="2012-02-29T01:58:05.070" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/imported/42192.pdf&quot;&gt;IAAF Competition Rules [PDF]&lt;/a&gt;. The most relevant piece I saw was rule 142.3, &lt;em&gt;Simultaneous Entries&lt;/em&gt;, which basically permits the referee to allow a participant to compete in the high jump or pole vault out-of-order. I didn't find anything from the IOC, but I doubt they'd impose an extra limit (especially considering the apparent lack of one in swimming). Plus, the rules are focused on preventing athletes from gaining an unfair advantage, I don't think more events are going to help an athlete gain an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There may be high-school athletic associations that limit event entries, IIRC my high school association had a limit of four, which couldn't all be the same area (Track|Field), e.g. 3 track and a field event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T01:58:05.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="385" CreationDate="2012-02-29T02:45:51.247" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure where you've been watching track, but when I was in high school, nearly everyone wore track spikes (and xc spikes for cross country). The advantage isn't just in the traction, it's as much in the weight. I haven't found any serious studies on it, but the rule of thumb seems to be about 1-2 seconds/mile for each ounce of shoe - 10-15+ seconds/mile, 30-45+ seconds off a 5k. Now, is there absolute proof for this? As I said, not that I can find, but take a 5-ounce shoe in one hand and a 15-ounce shoe in the other and lift them both up and down a few thousand times and tell me which hand gets tired first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T02:45:51.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="449" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T16:12:11.927" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T16:12:11.927" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T16:12:11.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="450" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T16:12:11.927" Score="0" Body="Questions about doubles - either in table tennis or tennis." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-01T04:47:46.043" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T04:47:46.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="451" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T16:14:04.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in North America. It consists of thirty franchised member clubs, of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one (the Toronto Raptors) in Canada. It is an active member of USA Basketball (USAB), which is recognized by the International Basketball Federation, FIBA, as the national governing body for basketball in the United States. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA is one of the 4 major North American professional sports leagues (the other three being the NFL for American football, MLB for baseball, and the NHL for ice-hockey). NBA players are the world's best paid sportsmen by average annual salary per player, largely owing to the massive popularity of the sport and the relatively short player rosters (only 10 players are on the roster for each NBA game, as opposed to 60 for NFL football, 20 for NHL hockey and 25 for Major League Baseball). NBA basketball is the second most popular live spectator sport in the United States after NFL football, and the third most popular televised sport after the NFL and NASCAR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association in 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL). The league's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, New Jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-09T02:36:41.673" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T02:36:41.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="452" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T16:14:04.233" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the National Basketball Association (NBA)." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:25:08.460" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:25:08.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="453" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T17:25:45.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Association of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball&lt;/a&gt;, often simply Major League Baseball or MLB, is the governing body that oversees the premiere professional baseball league in North America. The association, as a single legal entity, was only formed in 2000 with the official merger of the American and National Leagues, but Major League Baseball uses the formation of the Cincinnati Red Stockings (most of those players moving to the Boston Red Stockings, now the Red Sox) in 1866, as the birth of professional major-league baseball in the U.S., and thus its own history. Most historians instead point to the formation of the present-day National League in 1876 as the birth of Major League Baseball as an organization. The American League was formed in 1901, in competition with the National League, and the two leagues operated more or less independently until 1903, when an agreement establishing the two leagues as equal partners, and also establishing the World Series as the shared championship game, was signed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The association in its current form still includes these two leagues comprising 15 teams each, 29 in the United states and one - the AL's Toronto Blue Jays - in Canada. Each league is further divided into three divisions - East, Central and West - of 5 teams each (there used to be four teams in the AL West and six in the AL East, but the Houston Astros were moved to the AL West for the 2013 season as a condition of their sale in 2012). The primary difference between these two leagues is the American League's use of the &quot;designated hitter&quot;; a 10th player who replaces the pitcher in the batting order but is not a defensive fielder. The National League does not allow this type of substitution; the pitcher must bat in the same inning as the one in which he pitched, or else he is considered to have been &quot;retired&quot; from the game and is ineligible to pitch from that point forward. When teams from the two different leagues play each other, the use of the designated hitter is based on which team is playing on their home field. The &quot;All-Star Game&quot; currently always uses the DH regardless of venue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the regular season, each team plays a schedule of 162 games, usually split into 3-game &quot;series&quot; (with a scattering of 2 and 4-game series) played against the same team on consecutive days. Each team will play at least 4 series against each of its division rivals, and the majority of the remaining games against other teams in the same league, though some interleague play has been scheduled for each team since 1997. Each team will play every other team in the league for at least one series during the season, and usually will face league teams in at least two series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the regular season, the six teams that each have the overall best win-loss record in their division advance to the playoffs, as well as two &quot;wild card&quot; teams from each league. The two wild card teams in each league will play a single game - the Wild Card game - to determine which of them will actually advance into the playoff bracket. In the playoffs, the two pairs of teams in each league are seeded based on their overall standing, with the best team against the worst and the two middle teams against each other, and play a Divisional Series that is best-of-5 (first to win 3 games advances). The winners of those series advance to play the other league Divisional Champion in the League Championship Series, which is best-of-7 (first to win 4 games advances). The two winning teams, one from each league, win the Pennant for their league, and play the other team in a best-of-7 World Series to determine the Major League Baseball Champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-26T12:28:12.777" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T12:28:12.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="454" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T17:25:45.797" Score="0" Body="Questions related to Major League Baseball (MLB)." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:24:21.737" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:24:21.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="455" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T17:26:38.013" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-02-29T17:26:38.013" LastActivityDate="2012-02-29T17:26:38.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="456" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T17:26:38.013" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the governing body of tennis in America - the United State Tennis Association (USTA)." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-01T04:48:23.203" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T04:48:23.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="457" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-02-29T22:00:09.667" Score="13" ViewCount="10294" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I would assume the answer to this question is &quot;No&quot;, but I can't actually verify it anywhere.  The criteria for getting your name on the cup is to play at least 41 regular season games for the cup winning team.  But if a player is traded after that 41 games, is his name still engraved on the Cup even though he played out the season with another team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="279" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:17:10.730" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T01:49:42.930" Title="Do traded players get their names on the Stanley Cup if previous team wins?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="458" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T23:30:46.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please note&lt;/strong&gt;: autograph identification questions (&quot;Who signed this baseball?&quot;) are &lt;strong&gt;off-topic&lt;/strong&gt; and will be closed. For more details, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/q/846/10583&quot;&gt;Revisiting autograph identification questions (conclusion: off-topic)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport in a similar family as cricket, with origins in 18th-century England and first played in the United States in 1791. The game as currently known was primarily developed from its original form in the United States, with professional national leagues originating between 1869 and 1876, and has recently spread to other countries including Japan, China, and Central America. The game is played by two teams of nine players each, with some leagues including most professional leagues allowing for substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is played on a purpose-built level field called a &quot;baseball diamond&quot; or simply a &quot;baseball field&quot;. Exact measurements vary depending on the age range and skill level (and some measurements can even vary from field to field), but the central feature is a square arrangement of four &quot;bases&quot;, spaced 90 feet apart for major league play, with a raised mound in the center. Three bases are square sand- or fiber-filled white bags anchored to the ground numbered counter-clockwise from the right as first, second and third base, while the fourth is a house-shaped white hard plate embedded in the ground, called &quot;home plate&quot;. The ground between and around each of the bases is bare dirt, with white chalk &quot;base lines&quot; emanating from home base out to first and third base and then beyond. The central &quot;pitcher's mound&quot; is also bare dirt, elevated ten and a half inches above the level of home plate, with a white hard stripe embedded on it (called the &quot;rubber&quot;) exactly 60 feet, 6 inches from home plate in the major leagues. Beyond this &quot;infield&quot; lies the &quot;outfield&quot;, bounded on the sides by the &quot;base lines&quot; which continue from home plate beyond the first and third bases, covered primarily with grass and with a fence or wall along its rear border (at a distance to home plate varying between 300 and 450 feet in the majors). At the end of each base line, at the rear fence, is traditionally a pole, called the &quot;foul pole&quot;, used to help judge whether a ball hit into play is &quot;fair&quot; or &quot;foul&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The primary and most recognizable pieces of equipment used are the baseball itself, the baseball bat, and the baseball glove. The ball is 9 inches in circumference, roughly spherical, and traditionally constructed of a cork core, wound tightly with thin yarn and skinned in two pieces of white leather stitched together with red lacing. The bat is a club-shaped implement made of hardwood that can be no longer than 42&quot; and no wider than 2.75&quot; at its widest. The glove is worn on the player's non-throwing hand, is made of leather or synthetic fiber, oversized to provide padding and additional catching area, and typically has a web or solid layer of leather between the thumb and forefinger again to assist in catching. Players also wear myriad protective equipment at different times; all players typically wear an athletic cup or pelvic protector as well as athletic cleats. Batters typically wear a hard-shelled helmet that protects the cranium and ear, and often wear a shin guard on the outside of their leading leg and/or a forearm guard on their leading arm to guard against hits. The catcher, a specialized position, uses a more padded glove, and wears shin and knee pads, a chest protector and a padded face mask or face cage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play of a game is divided into 9 innings, which are further subdivided into halves, and then into outs. At the start of an inning, one team (typically the visitor) is &quot;batting&quot;, and the other team is &quot;fielding&quot;. The fielding team occupies various traditional positions around the infield and outfield; typically there is a &quot;baseman&quot; on each base, a &quot;shortstop&quot; behind and to the right of second base (often the second baseman and shortstop take mirror-image positions behind and to each side of second base), three &quot;outfielders&quot; dividing the outfield into &quot;left&quot;, &quot;center&quot; and &quot;right field&quot;, and the &quot;pitcher&quot; (on the pitcher's mound) and &quot;catcher&quot; (behind home plate) which together are called the &quot;battery&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batting team sends players one at a time to home plate, where each batter receives a series of &quot;pitches&quot; (throws of the ball) from the fielding team's pitcher, and attempts to hit the ball with their bat so that it flies out into the field of play. A pitch that crosses over the home plate, between the batter's knees and belt buckle, is a &quot;strike&quot;; a batter that receives three strikes has &quot;struck out&quot;. A pitch that bounces off the ground or does not pass through this &quot;strike zone&quot; as it crosses the front edge of the home plate is a &quot;ball&quot;; if the pitcher delivers four balls to a batter, the batter &quot;walks&quot; to first base. Regardless of the location of the ball, if the batter swings at a pitch and misses, it is a strike. If a pitch hits the batter's body while the batter is standing in the &quot;batter's box&quot; to the side of home plate, the batter immediately advances to first base. If the batter hits a pitch with the bat and it flies backwards, crosses either base line before reaching the base on that side, or carries in the air to the outside of either foul pole, it is a &quot;foul ball&quot; and counts as a strike (but the third strike must be a &quot;called&quot; or &quot;swinging&quot; strike, not a foul ball) and additionally a foul ball can be caught by a fielder before it hits the ground, and if so the batter is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If and when the batter hits the ball into the field between the base lines and/or the foul poles, it is a &quot;fair ball&quot; and the batter attempts to reach first base. To reach it safely, the ball he batted into play must hit the ground in bounds before being caught, and the batter must reach first base before the fielding team can tag first base with a hand or foot while holding the ball. If the ball is caught before it lands, the batter is &quot;caught out&quot;; if the batter fails to reach first base before the fielding team can tag first base while holding the ball, the batter is &quot;forced out&quot;. If the batter reaches first base without either of these happening, he is &quot;safe&quot;, and becomes a &quot;base runner&quot;, attempting to advance from first to second to third base, and then home to score a &quot;run&quot;, as subsequent batters put the ball into play. The runner may only try to advance on a batted ball if the batter is not caught out, though if the batter is caught out the runner may &quot;tag up&quot; by touching their current base, and then attempt to advance (this is typically seen when the ball is hit deep to the outfield, and is known as a &quot;sacrifice fly&quot;). Only one runner may occupy a base, and if a runner is on a base and a batter or another runner is advancing to that base after the ball is put in play, the runner must vacate the base and advance, and can be &quot;forced out&quot; if the fielding team simply tags the base the runner must get to. A runner may also, at their option, attempt to &quot;steal&quot; a base by running from their current base to the next base without the ball having been batted into play. This is risky, as the pitcher or catcher can throw the ball to a baseman that can then tag the runner out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batter that hits the ball over the rear fence of the outfield advances safely, without fear of being tagged out. If the ball carries over the fence without bouncing, it is a &quot;home run&quot;, and the batter and any runners already on base advance to home plate and score (a &quot;grand slam&quot; is a home run hit with the bases &quot;loaded&quot; - all occupied by a runner - and so scores four runs). If the ball bounces at least once and then ends up over the rear fence, that is a &quot;ground rule double&quot;; the batter advances to second base and all runners advance two bases (with any runner on second or third scoring a run). Certain other situations are also called &quot;ground rule doubles&quot;, most commonly when a member of the fielding team not in active play or a spectator interferes with a batted ball on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After three players on the batting team have been called out, the half is over, and the teams switch sides; the fielding team comes in to bat, and vice versa. After two halves, the inning is over, and after 9 innings, if one team has scored more runs than the other, they win the game (if the home team, which bats second in each inning, leads at any time after the top of the 9th inning, the game is called at that point even if one or more outs are remaining for the home team; this is known as a &quot;walk-off&quot;). If the score is tied after 9 innings, one or more &quot;extra innings&quot; may be played, until one team scores more runs in their half of the inning than the other team can. There is no &quot;sudden death&quot; in most leagues; both teams will have the same opportunity to score runs in each inning. Youth and adult recreational leagues often do not play extra innings due to time constraints, but major league games cannot end in a tie except in rare circumstances where the outcome of the game will not affect overall standings for either team. Play of the game is untimed, although an informal pace of play is enforced by the umpire; players and coaches may not unduly delay the play of the game. Despite this, games can last over four hours for the normal nine innings of play. The longest game ever played in the major leagues was between the Chicago White Sox and the Milwaukee Brewers in 1984, which required 25 innings to decide and lasted 8 hours and 6 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball is played primarily by boys and young men in the United States (with girls, women and older men playing the related but slower game of softball), at age levels beginning at 4 years old with &quot;tee ball&quot; (the ball is not pitched to the batter but instead simply placed on a tee above home plate), and progressing through &quot;Little League&quot; (for various age ranges younger though high school), interscholastic high school, college (NCAA), and minor and major professional leagues. The two major professional baseball leagues in the United States are the American League and the National League, which together form the Association of Major League Baseball or MLB. Major League Baseball is the third most popular spectator sport in the United States, behind NFL professional football and NASCAR motor racing. The two leagues of MLB have slightly different rules, the primary one being whether the pitcher must also bat (the National League requires this), or if instead the pitcher may be replaced in the batting order with a &quot;designated hitter&quot; (the American League, as well as most amateur, college and international leagues, allow designated hitters, although if the pitcher wishes it and the manager allows it, the pitcher may bat in any league). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball is also popular in some non-US countries and territories; Japan in particular has embraced the game with the Nippon Professional League, divided into Central and Pacific leagues much like the NL and AL in MLB, and the game also has a devoted following in other Asian countries, and in many Caribbean and Central American territories, which produce many star players in the U.S. major leagues. The game is part of the Pan-American Games, and was formerly an Olympic sport starting in 1904, but was discontinued after the 2008 Beijing Olympics primarily due to a lack of universal following and thus regional dominance by North American and Asian teams. The &quot;Big League World Series&quot;, the championship tournament of Little League's high-school-age league structure, is therefore the most geographically diverse baseball tournament currently in operation, attracting teams from every continent. Baseball's parent sport, cricket, is more globally popular, having been introduced to nations of the former British Empire such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, the Virgin Islands, Hong Kong, Egypt, and many African nations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T08:09:28.100" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T08:09:28.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="459" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T23:30:46.093" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of baseball in general. For the American professional baseball league, see [mlb]. Note that autograph identification questions (&quot;Who signed this baseball?&quot;) are OFF-TOPIC and will be closed." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T08:09:40.077" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T08:09:40.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="460" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-02-29T23:41:33.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The National Hockey League (NHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of franchised member clubs, of which several are currently located in Canada and many more in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently headquartered in New York City, the NHL is widely considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Edited from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: National Hockey League&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/ice-hockey&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;ice-hockey&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;ice-hockey&lt;/a&gt; tag in conjunction with this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T20:47:46.370" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T20:47:46.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="461" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-02-29T23:41:33.353" Score="0" Body="Questions about the National Hockey League (NHL), a league physically located in North America that houses many of the top international players.  Generally respected as the 'top-tier' of hockey, in terms of salary and talent. Please also use the [ice-hockey] tag." OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T00:22:32.413" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T00:22:32.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="457" CreationDate="2012-03-01T00:40:41.643" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://proicehockey.about.com/od/stanleycupbunker/f/stanley_cup_nam.htm&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to 1977 only players who had completed the Stanley Cup playoffs&#xA;  were eligible. Today, players appearing in 41 regular-season games or&#xA;  one Stanley Cup Final game for the championship team have their names&#xA;  engraved on the Cup. The NHL makes exceptions for players who do not&#xA;  meet the standard because of injury or other extenuating&#xA;  circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/cup/fun_facts.html&quot;&gt;the NHL&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To have one's name engraved on the Stanley Cup certain requirements&#xA;  must be met. A player must have at least 41 games played with the club&#xA;  or one game played in the Stanley Cup Finals. &lt;strong&gt;However, in 1994 a&#xA;  stipulation was added to allow a team to petition the Commissioner for&#xA;  permission to have players' names put on the Cup if extenuating&#xA;  circumstances prevented them from being available to play.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Detroit Red Wings received special permission from the NHL to&#xA;  inscribe the name of Vladimir Konstantinov, whose career ended after a&#xA;  car accident on June 13, 1997, on the Stanley Cup after Detroit&#xA;  defended their title in 1998.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it appears that player traded away could be added in theory, but probably not in practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T00:40:41.643" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="466" CreationDate="2012-03-01T06:12:52.850" Score="21" ViewCount="1030" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are lot of websites (like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/stats/index.html&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://cricket.yahoo.com&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;) that mention the statistics and records of all the international / domestic cricket matches. But, is there any international reputed agency that keeps track of all the international cricket matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="247" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-12-05T20:53:40.717" LastActivityDate="2012-12-05T20:53:40.717" Title="Who keeps the record of each international cricket match?" Tags="|statistics|records|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="465" CreationDate="2012-03-01T08:05:37.073" Score="11" ViewCount="6162" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this abbreviation (ND) in jumps result at a local championship.&#xA;What does this stand for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am guessing something like did not meet the minimum length but would like to be sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-05T07:15:06.070" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T00:08:38.870" Title="What does ND abbreviation stand for in athletics results" Tags="|terminology|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="464" CreationDate="2012-03-01T09:06:40.653" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;No Distance - e.g. if a long jumper fails to perform a legal jump. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T09:06:40.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2012-03-01T09:31:24.367" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The local governing body will determine what status particular games are - First Class, List A, Test, ODI, T20 International and whatever. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a consequence internationals of whatever form are ratified by the board - or boards - involved. The scorers for a game, normally appointed by the teams (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-4-the-scorers,30,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 4&lt;/a&gt;), will have to submit their (agreed) cards to that governing body. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The national boards will keep their own record, but there's no 'official' body for results and statistics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ICC lay down &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/rules_and_regulations.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a lot of rules and guidelines&lt;/a&gt; for many aspects of the games, but I can't find anything mandating that particular feeds should be available to third parties. The ICC haven't yet tried to copyright the scores (as some American sports leagues have tried to). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Wisden is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/243912.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;explicitly (#20)&lt;/a&gt; unofficial!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2012-12-01T20:24:08.890" LastActivityDate="2012-12-01T20:24:08.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="415" CreationDate="2012-03-01T09:53:02.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are lists of Bellevue trails here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bellevuewa.gov/nature_trails.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bellevuewa.gov/nature_trails.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pedbike/TrailPlanMap.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pedbike/TrailPlanMap.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like the Coal Creek Natural Area park, and you can run a good portion of it (though it is a hike for a good part of it more than runnable - too many slippery spots).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I really enjoy the stretch of trail through the wetlands between Factoria and Enatai.  It's more of a biking/walking trail, and it seems like running might get you run down because you'd be in the way of bikers, and less able to hear their bells.  But it is a really nice walk during the summer.  It hooks up to other bits of road that run off into parks with trails, too.  I think the route is close to one side of the Mercer Slough park.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="280" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T09:53:02.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="475" CreationDate="2012-03-01T14:26:39.803" Score="4" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in finding the odds (aka spread or latest line) of NFL games that were played in the past, as far back as the 1960's.  In general, the odds that were printed in newspapers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where can I find this information?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;I am specifically &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; looking for gambling websites.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T23:55:26.377" Title="Finding the odds of games in the past" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T20:45:50.147" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="472" CreationDate="2012-03-01T14:56:07.860" Score="9" ViewCount="35553" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found some information on rules, but I never found a clear answer to what should be done when a served ball touches the net.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is it point for opponent, or should the serve be redone?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If redone - will it be redone regardless of how many times it hit the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user282" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-24T13:32:52.763" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T13:32:52.763" Title="What happens when ball touches net during serving?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="470" CreationDate="2012-03-01T15:32:24.380" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the serve touches the net, it is a let, and you must serve again. If it touches the net and lands on the floor, you lose a point. If the serve goes into the net, you lose the point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T15:32:24.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="470" CreationDate="2012-03-01T15:40:46.553" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatt.org/rules/index.shtml&quot;&gt;USATT Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9 A Let&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1 The rally shall be a let&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1.1 if in service the ball, in  passing over or around the net  assembly, touches it, provided the  service is otherwise good or the&#xA;  ball  is obstructed by the receiver or his/her partner;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means you must serve again if other than touching the net the service would be good.  other wise rule 2.10.1.1 would apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10 A Point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.1 Unless the rally is a let, a  player shall score a point &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.1.1 if the opponent fails to make  a correct service&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T15:40:46.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="469" CreationDate="2012-03-01T23:55:26.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for odds that were printed in newspapers, you already know where to look... newspapers.  Take a trip down to your local library, where they probably have 50-100 years of newspaper archives on microfilm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="188" LastActivityDate="2012-03-01T23:55:26.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-03-02T17:10:05.947" Score="18" ViewCount="35736" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has been mention of a role in defense of football called &quot;Sweeper&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defender_%28association_football%29#Sweeper_.28Libero.29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; gives the following explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The sweeper or libero (Italian: free) is a more versatile type of Centre back that, as the name suggests, &quot;sweeps up&quot; the ball if the opponent manages to breach the defensive line. Their position is rather more fluid than other defenders who mark their designated opponents. The sweeper's ability to read the game is even more vital than for a Centre-back. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenaccio&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;catenaccio&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; system of play, used in Italian football in the 1960s, notably employed a defensive libero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question relates to the diagram of field positions shown below. If the sweeper is played, there will be 5 in defense. But from reading the wiki page, it seems that the sweeper's role is to read the game so that he wins the ball by tackling the opposition attackers, and also to make the forward run to start the counter attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In that case isn't the role of the &lt;em&gt;sweeper&lt;/em&gt; same as the defensive midfielder (DM) now, except that DM will be in front of the defenders?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we say now since the sweeper's responsibility is shared now by both the defensive midfielders and the Centre backs, the sweeper's position has become obsolete?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PYGgU.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PYGgUl.png&quot; alt=&quot;football field with showing defender positions&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(click for full-size image)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T14:19:04.240" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T16:12:18.897" Title="Is the sweeper role obsolete with modern formations?" Tags="|football|formations|tactics|defense|" AnswerCount="15" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2012-03-02T20:16:47.507" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me, there is still a difference between a Defensive Midfielder, and a Sweeper.  Mainly in that a DM (has also been called a Stopper in some instances) is supposed to &quot;stop&quot; the fast flow of an attack before it totally breaches the back line.  Where as the Sweeper will/can roam the back line and pick up the loose ends of the (hopefully) thwarted attack.  For example, if a through-ball is issued, the Sweeper should be on top of that every time -- yes that's in a perfect world, but that is the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess, yes, they can perform the same conceptual roles but it's done at different points on the pitch.  The DM prevents the offense from gaining too much momentum through the midfield, and the Sweeper acts as the last line of defense in the back.  I wouldn't say the Sweeper position is obsolete though -- but it does all depend on your formation -- as the Sweeper has the ability to run more free throughout the back, where as the back line is either man-marking or is responsible for a specific zone on the pitch.  Obviously you don't see the Sweeper played in top-flight leagues much anymore because of the offside trap, but you definitely see it a lot in youth leagues because they haven't completely figured out the chemistry needed for the trap :)  The place where I've seen Sweeper being used the most are in recreational leagues where they only have 1 referee, and the offside trap is almost impossible to rely on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T16:12:18.897" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T16:12:18.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-03-02T22:35:49.673" Score="8" ViewCount="2754" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohNPsGHkzA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;, Roger Federer hits the ball with his head. I know that in tennis, it is allowed to hit the ball with the head. And AFAIK, it's also allowed in table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you confirm that? And are there other racket sports where hitting the ball (or shuttle) with the head is allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:24:06.657" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T13:24:06.657" Title="In which racket sports can you hit the shuttle (or ball) with the head?" Tags="|rules|tennis|table-tennis|racket|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="478" CreationDate="2012-03-02T22:46:33.927" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video is a little misleading actually because it's tough to notice exactly what happened at the end of the point. In tennis you actually are NOT allowed to hit the ball with your head - only the racquet. What happened in the video you linked to is that Federer's opponent (Juan Martin Del Potro) didn't get to Federer's backhand shot before it bounced twice - thus the point (and game) went to Federer (some people allude to this in the comments on YouTube also). The evidence backing this up is that you can hear the chair umpire announcing the game going to Federer before he even hits the ball off his head over the net. The chair umpire wouldn't announce that unless the point was already over. Since Federer had already won the game, the point was over and Federer headed the ball over the net just for fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though I can't confirm it, I don't believe it is legal to hit the ball with anything other than the racquet (or paddle) in table tennis either (since I know you lose the point if the ball hits your body and not the racquet). And as far as sports that use a shuttle (like badminton), I'm not sure you could hit a shuttle with enough force using your head for it to go over the net since shuttle decelerate so rapidly once they've been hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-02T23:00:15.657" LastActivityDate="2012-03-02T23:00:15.657" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="480" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-03-02T23:27:30.280" Score="39" ViewCount="30013" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you hit with different hands during the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;point?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;set?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;match?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is racket throwing authorised?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:23:50.907" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T05:12:04.000" Title="Is it legal in racket sports to pass the racket from one hand to the other?" Tags="|rules|tennis|table-tennis|racket|squash|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2012-03-02T23:50:53.440" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that in tennis you are allowed to use either hand to hit the ball with the racquet during any point, set or match. You may not use more than one racquet during any single point, though (though you are allowed to switch racquets between points). And racquet throwing (for the purpose of hitting the ball) is not allowed - the racquet must be in your hand at the point of contact or you lose the point. It is perfectly legal though, between shots, to drop the racquet and pick it back up and continue the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-29T22:40:52.607" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T22:40:52.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="306" CreationDate="2012-03-03T06:54:38.403" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am unaware of any game in which this actually happened, but this is my interpretation of the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;By rule 5, section 13, the media timeouts take place &quot;at the first dead ball&quot; after the 16, 12, 8, and 4-minute marks (or 15, 10, and 5-minute marks, depending on the agreement, but this is rare).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;By rule 6, section 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball shall become dead or remain dead when:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  e. Time expires for a half or extra period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if there were no stoppages of play in the last four minutes, there would be a media timeout immediately preceding halftime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be consistent with other timeout rules; it is, in fact, legal to call a timeout during halftime or between the second half and overtime (though two successive timeouts cannot be called during such break periods; see Approved Ruling 161 in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ncaambb.arbitersports.com/Groups/104883/Library/files/2012%20Basketball%20Case%20Book.pdf&quot;&gt;2012 Case Book&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, if there were no stoppages in play between the 9:00 and 3:30 mark and a player is fouled in the act of shooting, the 8 minute timeout would occur before the first free throw and the 4 minute timeout would occur at the next dead ball, which is &lt;em&gt;before the second free throw&lt;/em&gt; (AR 159).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2012-03-03T06:54:38.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="423" CreationDate="2012-03-03T19:11:44.403" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Keep your arms out and fend him off.  If he can't reach your body then he can't push you out of the way, so use your arm to keep your distance.  As moesef's answer notes you do need to respond physically if other players are being physical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="226" LastActivityDate="2012-03-03T19:11:44.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2012-03-04T08:47:05.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that the sweeper position is becoming obsolete as a great deal of teams (at least most of the soccer teams I've played on and watched) rely on the offside trap as a defensive strategy. Needless to say, the offside trap only works with straight back line, so unless the sweeper plays more like a CB, you cannot have both a sweeper and operate the offside trap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally would go with the offside trap over the sweeper, but I guess its just preference. I'm not sure when the last time I've watched a team in the EPL (or any top league for that matter) play with a sweeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in youth leagues, you see the sweeper played all the time. I'm taking a guess here but I imagine it is because at younger ages and lower skill levels, players are not able to organize their back lines efficiently. In this case, a sweeper can help out greatly as it adds that extra line of defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="269" LastActivityDate="2012-03-04T08:47:05.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="497" CreationDate="2012-03-05T21:16:06.503" Score="11" ViewCount="52279" Body="&lt;p&gt;To begin a basketball game, a tip-off is typically used to determine the first possession of the game. Then, in the second half, the team that did not start with the ball in the first half gets the first possession (or TeamA-TeamB-TeamB-TeamA format for a 4 quarter game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purpose of this question let's assume a 2 half game, because it is overall simpler, but I figure the rule associated with this situation would be similar for a 4 quarter game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens the player at the tip-off from one team (say Team A) hits the ball out of bounds off the tip, without it touching any other player? Does possession go to Team B? Additionally, if possession does go to Team B, does Team B additionally start with ball possession in the second half (as if Team A had won the tip-off normally and subsequently turned it over on the first possession)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="264" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T14:32:51.100" Title="Basketball Tip-off possession and subsequent possession" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="495" CreationDate="2012-03-05T22:42:20.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as what happens if the tip-off goes out of bounds, yes, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/104458-basketball-basic-rules-tipoff/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;team that didn't tip it out of bounds will get possession&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything official, but I would bet that the team that didn't have the first possession of the game will get it at halftime, since I don't think it matters &quot;how&quot; you get the first possession of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-03-05T22:42:20.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="495" CreationDate="2012-03-05T23:05:03.630" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NCAA, the first possession of the second half goes to whoever has the possession arrow (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/DownloadPublication.aspx?download=BR11.pdf&quot;&gt;rule 6-1.2&lt;/a&gt; [pdf link]), not necessarily whoever lost the opening tip. If the opening tip goes out of bounds, the first possession (by whoever did not touch it last) establishes the alternating possession, and after that it works normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a tie-up occurs before either team has gained possession, then a new jump ball is held (rule 6-2.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, in the NBA, possession beginning each period is determined by who had the first possession (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_6.html?nav=ArticleList&quot;&gt;rule 6.I.b&lt;/a&gt;). Tipping the ball out of bounds does not count as a possession (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_4.html?nav=ArticleList&quot;&gt;rule 4.XVIII&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-03-06T02:45:36.923" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T02:45:36.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="500" CreationDate="2012-03-06T05:39:25.753" Score="9" ViewCount="4993" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a good play, like scoring a big basket, some basketball players perform a salute that seems inspired by The Prisoner: looking through a circle made with their thumb and forefinger with one eye, then snapping off a high salute.  What do they mean by this, and where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user22" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T17:19:02.603" Title="What is the &quot;Prisoner&quot; salute basketball players perform?" Tags="|basketball|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="498" CreationDate="2012-03-06T14:17:55.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is done to show that they are a &quot;Dead Eye&quot; shooter from 3 point range. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/deadeye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dictionary.com&lt;/a&gt; the term &quot;Dead Eye&quot; refers to  &quot;an expert marksman&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three fingers are held up to symbolize the three point basket that they just made and they look through the hole made by their thumb and forefinger to symbolize the &quot;dead eye&quot;. As far as the high salute I'm not sure, however they will often slide their hand down their hip to symbolize holstering their &quot;gun&quot; that they used to make the &quot;shot&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T14:17:55.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="498" CreationDate="2012-03-06T14:18:52.143" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two variants of the fingers over the eye salute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1)  Bullseye - popularized by Ben Gordon.  This is a reference to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;darts&lt;/a&gt; and signifies that the shooter is very accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gyW48m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)  Goosie - popularized by Mo Williams and Jamario Moon.  The back &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.news-herald.com/articles/2010/03/16/sports/nh2239834.txt?viewmode=fullstory&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;story&lt;/a&gt; here is that Moon's follow through looks like a goose neck when he shoots a three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6mOS8m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="183" LastEditorUserId="183" LastEditDate="2012-03-06T14:55:16.980" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T14:55:16.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="498" CreationDate="2012-03-06T14:24:43.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of different meanings, but seemingly related:  the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2010/03/16/cavaliers-goosing-the-association/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Goose Eye&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, started by the Cleveland Cavaliers, and the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.columbian.com/news/2010/dec/23/3-goggles-are-the-rage-in-portland/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3 Goggles&lt;/a&gt;&quot; started by the Portland Trail Blazers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both have to do with the act of shooting (and making) a 3 point shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2012-03-06T17:19:02.603" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T17:19:02.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="504" CreationDate="2012-03-06T22:05:48.847" Score="11" ViewCount="8458" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/7638603/new-orleans-saints-defense-had-bounty-program-nfl-says&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN (and others) reported&lt;/a&gt; that the New Orleans Saints had instituted a &amp;quot;bounty&amp;quot; program. This program awarded players for inflicting game-ending injuries against the opposing teams and awarded different amounts of money depending on the type of injury. These types of individual player incentives are obviously deemed illegal by the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there have incentives written into player contracts regularly regarding total number of team wins, playoff wins, interception totals, sack totals, total number of yards rushing/passing or touchdown totals. As recently as March of 2012, San Francisco 49ers Linebacker Ahmad Brooks &lt;a href=&quot;http://wap.nfl.com/blogs/2012/03/01/brooks-sixyear-deal-with-49ers-heavy-with-incentives/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;signed a contract extension&lt;/a&gt; that included incentives for wins and sacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brooks has a base salary of $4.3 million in 2013 which is guaranteed for injury at the time he signed the deal. That becomes guaranteed for skill and cap if he’s on the roster April 1 of that year. However, the guaranteed portion can be reduced up to $2.5 million that year if he does not achieve certain sack totals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, Brooks has a base of $5.15 million, with $4.95 million becoming guaranteed for injury and skill if he is on the roster on April 1. However, that guaranteed total and base salary can be reduce by up to $2.5 million based on his 2013 sack production.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brooks can void all de-escalators in the contract if the 49ers win 12 games, he has 93.2 percent playing time that season and San Francisco plays in the conference championship game, or if he has two prior seasons of 12 sacks or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this contract legal by rules of the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement (or just general NFL League Policy)? If so, what types of individual player incentives are allowed or disallowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T15:33:22.240" Title="What type of individual player incentives are allowed in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="502" CreationDate="2012-03-06T23:05:10.083" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, quite a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/collective-bargaining-agreement-2011-2020.pdf&quot;&gt;latest (August 2011) NFL CBA&lt;/a&gt; - Incentives have a lot of rules around them. I'm not a lawyer or arbitrator but from what I can tell, Brooks' contract sounds legal (and fairly typical) for a player of his status in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as what is spelled out around individual player incentives in the NFL CBA - Section 6(c).v on page 96 of the CBA states, &quot;Any incentive bonus that depends on team performance in any category not identified in Exhibit A hereto is prohibited.&quot; while section 6(c).vi at the top of page 97 states, &quot;Any incentive bonus that depends on a player’s individual performance in any category not identified in Exhibit B hereto is prohibited.&quot; so the incentives listed in the CBA are what players &amp;amp; teams are limited to as far as incentives go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVES&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RUSHING&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average yards (100 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PASSING&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Passer rating (224 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Completion percentage (224 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interception percent (224 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yards per pass (224 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdown passes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RECEIVING&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total receptions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average yards (32 receptions)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DEFENSE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interceptions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interception return yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns on interception returns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Opponent fumble recoveries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Opponent fumble return yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns on opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fumble returns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sacks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PUNT RETURNS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average (20 returns)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KICKOFF RETURNS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average (20 returns)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdowns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PUNTING&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gross average (40 punts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Net average (40 punts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Inside 20-yard line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PLACE KICKING&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage (16 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage 0-19 yards (4 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage 20-29 yards (4 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage 30-39 yards (4 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage 40-49 yards (4 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field goal percentage 50 yards or longer (3 attempts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OTHERS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roster bonuses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reporting bonuses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playtime bonuses (excluding special teams)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Special teams playtime&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also team incentives where the amount set aside in the pot for each incentive is split evenly among all players on the team. The rules around how team incentive money is calculated into the salary cap is long-winded and written in legalese so I will refer you to the NFL CBA PDF if you wish to read more about it. Do I get some incentive for having back-to-back-to-back 3-letter acronyms in my answer? ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-07T03:01:56.150" LastActivityDate="2012-03-07T03:01:56.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="502" CreationDate="2012-03-06T23:07:34.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seem to be 2 types of incentives in contracts: &quot;Likely to be earned&quot; (LTBE), and &quot;Not Likely to be earned&quot; (NLTBE).  Pages 109-124 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/cba/nfl-cba-2006-2012.pdf&quot;&gt;the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement&lt;/a&gt; lists all of these incentives (as well as rookie incentives broken down by their draft round), and it looks like they are the only things that can be offered.  I also found something &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportslaw.uslegal.com/sports-agents-and-contracts/sports-contracts-%E2%80%93-basic-principles/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;  (although a little less official) that says essentially &quot;anything as long as it's legal&quot;.  Although this citation admittedly leaves more to be desired as far as an explanation and it's more specific to endorsement contracts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2012-03-06T23:13:26.803" LastActivityDate="2012-03-06T23:13:26.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="507" CreationDate="2012-03-07T00:53:59.090" Score="5" ViewCount="2548" Body="&lt;p&gt;In table tennis, when both players are at 10. Who serves first? Does one pick who goes first? Or does it go to the first person that reached 10?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in doubles table tennis how do those rules change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T11:21:49.520" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T14:14:48.723" Title="Overtime rules in table tennis and in doubles" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="506" CreationDate="2012-03-07T01:24:41.140" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;See page 27 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ITTF_Hand_Book/2_Handbook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Rules Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, specificially rule 2.13.3 which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After each 2 points  have been scored the receiving player or pair shall &#xA;  become the serving player or pair and so on until the end of the game, unless &#xA;  both players or pairs score 10 points or the expedite system is in operation, &#xA;  when the sequences of serving and receiving shall be the same but each &#xA;  player shall serve for only 1 point in turn&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, you would follow the &quot;each 2 points&quot; sequence until both players reached 10, then you would observe the &quot;every 1 point&quot; sequence in serving. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-03-07T01:24:41.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="510" CreationDate="2012-03-07T21:33:22.347" Score="13" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;Saw a tweet from &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/#!/AdamSchefter/status/177503440136708097&quot;&gt;Adam Shefter&lt;/a&gt;, an ESPN NFL Insider, regarding Peyton Manning being released:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Still no NFL waiver wire, so any team reaching out to Peyton Manning now would be violating the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What &quot;official wire&quot; is Adam Shefter, or any team or agent, actually looking at to know whether or not a player's release is official?  An email?  A fax?  An NFL &quot;tweet&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastActivityDate="2012-03-08T00:50:54.013" Title="What is the actual waiver wire?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="509" CreationDate="2012-03-07T23:13:23.010" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that Peyton Manning was not actually &quot;waived&quot; but &quot;released&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://images.nflplayers.com/mediaResources/files/PDFs/General/2011_Final_CBA_Searchable.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL CBA&lt;/a&gt;, once a player has completed his fourth year in the league, he is no longer eligible to be placed on waivers and is instead released as an unrestricted free-agent and can be signed by any club at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whenever a player who has finished the season in which his fourth year of credited service has been earned under the Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle Plan is placed on waivers between February 1 and the trading deadline, his contract will be considered terminated and the player will be  completely free at any time thereafter to negotiate and sign a Player Contract with any Club[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as what it takes to make a &quot;waive&quot; or &quot;release&quot; official: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, the team must notify the player:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 4. Notice of Termination: The Notice of Termination form attached hereto as Appendix H will be used by all Clubs. If possible, the Notice of Termination will be &#xA;  personally delivered to the player prior to his departure from the team. If the Notice of &#xA;  Termination has not been personally delivered to the player prior to his departure from &#xA;  the team, the Notice  of Termination will be sent to him by certified mail at his last address on file with the Club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then, the team must notify the NFL and the NFL must notify the NFLPA by noon the next day:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NFL shall inform the NFLPA of player personnel transactions communicated in the Personnel Notice between the NFL and its member Clubs concerning the termination or trading of players including awards on waivers, termination through waivers, confirmation of trades  or any change in the status of players (e.g., placed on Reselve Injured, etc.). The NFL will make best efforts to communicate the information referred to in this Article to the NFLPA on the same day, but in no event later than noon on the next day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is my assumption that the &quot;waiver wire&quot; that is referred to by Adam Schefter and other NFL writers is just their term for the communication that happens between NFL and the NFLPA, et al. Which is to say, the communication from the NFL that the player has been cut. So, if the Indianapolis Colts have already filed the appropriate paperwork with Peyton Manning and the appropriate league offices, the latest that he should be available to be contacted by other teams would be tomorrow at noon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-03-07T23:13:23.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="509" CreationDate="2012-03-08T00:50:54.013" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/list_6640183_nfl-waiver-rules.html&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; defines the waiver wire as a process:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NFL's &lt;strong&gt;waiver wire process&lt;/strong&gt; applies to players who have less than&#xA;  four seasons of league experience and are released from any of the&#xA;  league's 32 teams. Once a player with less than four seasons of league&#xA;  experience is cut or released from a team, the other 31 teams are&#xA;  given the chance to claim the player from the waiver wire. A team that&#xA;  claims a player from the waiver wire assumes the terms of the original&#xA;  contract agreed upon between the player and the team that released&#xA;  him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.denverpost.com/broncos/2011/08/29/nfl-rules-explained-waived-vs-released/9181/&quot;&gt;this blog post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players that have less than four years of experience are “waived” —&#xA;  meaning a player has to clear the NFL waiver wire before becoming a&#xA;  free agent. &lt;strong&gt;When a player is placed on waivers, the other 31 teams&#xA;  have a day to place a claim on him.&lt;/strong&gt; The team with the highest spot in&#xA;  the waiver order is then awarded that player. If no team makes a&#xA;  claim, that player is then a free agent and can sign with any team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players with &lt;strong&gt;more than four years experience are considered vested&#xA;  veterans&lt;/strong&gt;, so at least through midseason, they are not subject to the&#xA;  waiver process. &lt;strong&gt;As soon as his release paperwork clears, he is free to&#xA;  sign with another team.&lt;/strong&gt; This is why, when the Broncos made their cuts&#xA;  today, six of the seven players were designated as “waived.” Only Nate&#xA;  Jones, in his eighth season, was formally released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since Manning has more than four years of experience and therefore vested, the waiver rules don't apply to him. His release is considered &quot;official&quot; once the associated paperwork clears the process mentioned in Marcus Swope's post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-03-08T00:50:54.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="515" CreationDate="2012-03-09T14:08:43.667" Score="22" ViewCount="28775" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a red and a black side on a table tennis raquet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the color of the side have any significance? E.g. is the black side suppose to be used for the forehand and the red side used for the back hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:27:00.257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T10:01:06.437" Title="Red and black side of table tennis raquet" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="512" CreationDate="2012-03-09T14:46:43.313" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find anything in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatt.org/rules/usatt_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt;, but unofficially it looks like it's for your opponent to be able to tell which side of the bat is used so you know the type of spin put on the ball.  Not sure what stops people from flipping it around as they play though...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/glossary/g/twocolorrule.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/glossary/g/twocolorrule.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-03-09T14:46:43.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="512" CreationDate="2012-03-09T16:49:33.057" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletennisrubber.net/table-tennis-rubber-buying/does-the-color-of-table-tennis-rubber-affect-its-properties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The color does not have any significance&lt;/a&gt;. The thickness of the rubber and whether it has the dimples (called &quot;pips&quot;) facing outwards or inward does have some significance though in terms of the surface playing more offensive (imparting more topspin - pips out) or defensive (pips in). The height of the pips plays a role also. See the section titled &quot;Table Tennis rubbers - are they all the same?&quot; on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-rubber.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-03-09T16:49:33.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="512" CreationDate="2012-03-09T17:05:53.363" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the official rules (referenced &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/official-rules-of-table-tennis.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 2.04.06&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The surface of the covering material on a side of the blade, or of a&#xA;  side of the blade if it is left uncovered, shall be matt, bright red&#xA;  on one side and black on the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons for this rule are described &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-rubber.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Two Colour Rule&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Since 1 July 1986&lt;/strong&gt; the rules of table tennis state that &lt;strong&gt;one side of the&#xA;  racket shall be bright red and the other side black.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This rule was introduced because of the increased use of &quot;combination&quot;&#xA;  rackets in the late 70s and early 80s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players were using the same colour rubber on each side of their racket&#xA;  - but each side was a different type of rubber - and &lt;strong&gt;this made it very difficult for the opponent to know what type of spin was being&#xA;  imparted onto the ball.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So if you're planning on taking part in authorised table tennis&#xA;  events, make sure that you buy the correct colours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/glossary/g/twocolorrule.htm&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; suggests that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In table tennis &lt;strong&gt;the two color rule is used to ensure that the opponent&#xA;  has a fair chance of telling which side of the bat has been used to&#xA;  hit the ball.&lt;/strong&gt; Before the two color rule was introduced, any color&#xA;  could be used for table tennis rubbers, and players were using&#xA;  combination bats with the same color on both sides and twiddling the&#xA;  bat, making it very difficult to tell which side was hitting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This was considered to produce table tennis which was not spectator&#xA;  friendly&lt;/strong&gt;, since it was difficult for uninformed spectators to&#xA;  understand why players were making seemingly simple mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the rule was made to make competition more fair - it would give opponents a chance to determine the type of spin that was being imparted and also to make the game more fun to watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-03-09T17:05:53.363" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="517" CreationDate="2012-03-09T17:57:52.473" Score="8" ViewCount="2383" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reaction time is critical to many sports. My sport in particular is table tennis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there drills or methods that would allow you to improve reaction time? Or is it just a basis of pure repetition in table tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of times I'm a bit too slow returning serves. I'd like to address and fix this problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to maintain the scope of this question to specific drills related to table tennis, although I'm open to hearing general drills or methods to improve reaction time if it does work toward the end result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-03-09T19:35:58.873" LastActivityDate="2012-03-09T19:35:58.873" Title="Are there drills or methods for improving reaction time in table tennis or overall?" Tags="|table-tennis|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="516" CreationDate="2012-03-09T18:21:48.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/drillsroutines/ig/Serve-and-Serve-Return-Drills/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This guide&lt;/a&gt; has a few serve &amp;amp; return drills, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/playbettertabletennis/u/advancedplayers.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; has a list to various drills for more advanced players. From the list, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/drillsroutines/ig/Defender-Drills-in-Ping-Pong/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;defender drills&lt;/a&gt; might be of the most interest to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhE3jxyiZFw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; provides a drill geared towards improving reaction time on defense, while this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/30/sports/30pingpong.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2009 NY Times article&lt;/a&gt; describes a drill to improve reaction time when discussing a young player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As she spoke, Ebuen was filling a silver bowl with about 150 orange&#xA;  balls to fire at Landers from across the table. &lt;strong&gt;The drill is designed&#xA;  to improve reaction time and muscle memory.&lt;/strong&gt; Within two minutes, the&#xA;  bowl was empty, the balls scattered along the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pingskills.com/table-tennis-forum/question-3406.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Footwork&lt;/a&gt; is also pretty important for returns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During a lesson, a Chinese coach had advised me not to use my cross&#xA;  over so much to get the ball, but rather to use simple movements, such&#xA;  as the side-to-side shuffle, the one-step, and the sideways jump where&#xA;  the right leg propels the body to the right during a FH stroke, and&#xA;  then sometimes mix in the crossover when the ball really seems a bit&#xA;  unreachable. This seems like a very practical idea, and as far as I&#xA;  have been able to observe, these footwork methods seem to be used very&#xA;  religiously by Chinese players, which is probably why they tend to be&#xA;  rather quick on their feet...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There may be products that can help improve reaction time if you're willing to purchase tools - the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newgy.com/TTCommunity/Archive/lesson80.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Newgy Robo-Pong&lt;/a&gt; claims to support a variety of drills to improve reaction time for table tennis. (&lt;strong&gt;CAVEAT&lt;/strong&gt;: I've never used this product, so can't determine whether it performs as promised).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/visual-acuity-and-reaction-times&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; suggests that visual acuity is closely associated with good reaction times in many sports - make sure that your vision is good (lasik, glasses, contacts, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-03-09T18:21:48.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="545" CreationDate="2012-03-09T21:50:57.170" Score="-13" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am have much of the time on the RECOVERY crease/s in game of friendly CRICKET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is best line for pick up of new PITCH ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am have much problem in back where speed has very low possible&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am strained, therefore I have no hand for low recovery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thanks,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PRASHANT :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="303" LastEditorUserId="303" LastEditDate="2012-03-12T20:58:15.467" LastActivityDate="2012-03-17T05:23:41.023" Title="Hard pain for recover crease" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-04-09T13:55:42.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="525" CreationDate="2012-03-11T13:30:49.880" Score="9" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to use all the balls that I have, only if there is no one playing at the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if there are other people playing at the area, I don't want the balls mixed up with others, or stolen by their kids (it happens). So I'd use just 5 to 10 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fenced-in area is big enough (3 courts). With only 10 balls, collecting the balls is really burdening us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any of you have the same experience, what will you do to avoid collecting the balls so often?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="305" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:21:09.087" Title="Playing tennis without ball boy. Any tips to avoid collecting the balls so often?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="521" CreationDate="2012-03-11T18:33:25.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There really is no good answer for this. If you have options on where to play, I would say play at some courts that have decent dividers (screens, fencing, whatever) between courts. The only other thing I could recommend is if a ball is hit wide off the court to try and track it down and grab it then, instead of letting it go and potentially rolling even further away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most places I play at, if the ball from another court comes onto my court I hit it back to them to help out and vice-versa by them - it's kind of an unwritten rule/courtesy while you're playing. But I understand younger kids sometimes don't do this and don't even think to give you the ball back so it's tough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, are you playing sets or just rallying/practices/drilling ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-03-11T18:33:25.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="526" CreationDate="2012-03-11T21:26:34.863" Score="18" ViewCount="20749" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at pictures of scoreboards today, and I noticed that some of them have 'B's on the boards:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tTnuY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A basketball scoreboard with two &amp;#39;B&amp;#39;s and the lights next to them with freehand circles encircling them&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gBHK5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A basketball scoreboard with two &amp;#39;B&amp;#39;s on the left and corresponding spaces on the right for them with freehand circles encircling them all&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing appears on NBA games, often in the broadcast scoreboard as well:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wiVrx.png&quot; alt=&quot;NBA broadcast scoreboard showing bonus too&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never noticed those before. What do they mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="143" LastEditorUserId="4990" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T14:04:25.877" LastActivityDate="2017-01-14T22:39:47.850" Title="What does the 'B' (or bonus) mean on a basketball scoreboard?" Tags="|rules|terminology|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="521" CreationDate="2012-03-11T21:40:17.083" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;One very simple solution - buy a set of balls in an uncommon colour. I have one set in neon orange - which I haven't seen anyone else use. Doesn't matter where they end up - I can see them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can't do that - you could try initialling them with a Sharpie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golfers use marked balls - you can too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-03-11T21:40:17.083" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="524" CreationDate="2012-03-11T21:43:30.280" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a bonus marker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team who commits 7 fouls gives the other team a bonus - which gives a free throw with every foul from that point on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second B on the second image indicate that a team has reached 10 fouls (in HS and college this is the double bonus and means that you shoot 2 foul shots from there forward instead of 1 and 1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-09-28T18:01:43.127" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T18:01:43.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="527" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="533" CreationDate="2012-03-12T14:57:43.823" Score="17" ViewCount="20559" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally in Rugby Union when a player knocks the ball forward from their hands without making a clean catch, a scrum is called for a knock on. But when a player kicks the ball and the ball is knocked down by an opponent, no knock on is called and they are able to gather up the ball. Normally a kick like this occurs as a defensive action close to the try line, so a charge down often results in a try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="236" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:03:24.707" LastActivityDate="2023-10-28T09:51:00.137" Title="Why is a chargedown not regarded as a knock on in Rugby Union?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="527" CreationDate="2012-03-12T21:21:29.977" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this rule was brought in (to rugby league at least) to encourage charge downs. This puts more pressure on the kicker and encourages the tackler to attack the ball, rather than hitting the kicker, who may not be ready for it and could get injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason to have the chargedown rule is that a successful chargedown can add excitement, check out some &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3nxwl0FphA&quot;&gt;examples&lt;/a&gt; on YouTube.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="54" LastEditorUserId="54" LastEditDate="2012-03-12T22:00:40.620" LastActivityDate="2012-03-12T22:00:40.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="521" CreationDate="2012-03-13T17:13:25.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try just using two or three balls max. It's an excellent exercise in consistency (which should be part of any practice session, unless you don't really care). After emphasizing not missing and safer shots for a while, you'll be great at just playing with one or two balls only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastActivityDate="2012-03-13T17:13:25.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="535" CreationDate="2012-03-13T17:53:07.350" Score="10" ViewCount="855" Body="&lt;p&gt;For teams with multiple first round draft picks, what are the rules defining which first round draft pick that a team would need to give up if it signs a restricted free agent (RFA) that have the first round tender? An example would be the Cleveland Browns, which have the 4th and 22nd draft picks in the first round of the 2012 draft. One writer, Bill Barnwell, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grantland.com/blog/the-triangle/post/_/id/19929/measuring-the-rgiii-aftershocks&quot;&gt;noted&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If we understand the rules right, a successful bid on Wallace would&#xA;  force the Browns to give up their selection — the fourth overall pick&#xA;  — and not the 22nd overall pick they received from the Falcons as part&#xA;  of the Julio Jones trade last year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have a reference/citation to the rule that Mr. Barnwell mentioned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T04:20:15.853" LastActivityDate="2017-03-23T01:49:10.150" Title="What are the rules for NFL restricted free agents that have a first round tender?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|transaction|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="527" CreationDate="2012-03-13T17:56:21.857" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/11&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11 of the Laws of Rugby Union&lt;/a&gt; specifically exclude a charge-down that happens immediately following a kick as being called a knock-on or throw forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this has been a law in Rugby for a long time and is not a recent innovation. Before 1958 it was even possible to rush the the kicker and charge down a penalty kick from immediately the time the ball was placed on the ground. To avoid this, under these older laws another person used to place the ball as the kicker ran up - a bit like how someone places the ball for the kicker taking a field-goal or a point-after in American Football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the charge down has been with the game for a long time, but why?  I think as Harley Holcombe's answer says, that this is to allow pressure to be put on the kicker. It allows someone rushing the kicker to have an opportunity to gain regain possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They cannot tackle the kicker (because they don't have the ball), and picking up the ball in the process of being kicked is more difficult and sounds kind of dangerous.  So a chargedown law adds excitement and unpredictability in taking tactical kicks - re-balancing the risk and reward for taking a tactical kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly it fails as kickers are wary of the tactic, but it is still worth it for the attacking side because it can force a mistake or the kicker taking a less ambitious kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="145" LastEditDate="2023-09-29T20:42:25.230" LastActivityDate="2023-09-29T20:42:25.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="158" CreationDate="2012-03-14T06:39:45.607" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the FIFA Laws of the Game rules that Matt outlines in his &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/162&quot;&gt;excellent answer&lt;/a&gt;, continental and national associations may have slightly different or supplementary rules for captains, although national associations tend to be in line with the continental association they belong to. In any case, captains are expected to be exemplars of on field behaviour. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent regulations for UEFA are the Regulations of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/multimediafiles/download/competitions/euro/91/87/57/918757_download.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA European Football Championship 2010-2012&lt;/a&gt;, and what applies to captains is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.04 Before each competition match, each team receives a match sheet on which the &#xA;  numbers, full names, dates of  birth and, if applicable, the shirt names of the 18 &#xA;  players in the squad (23 players in the final tournament) must be entered, together &#xA;  with the full names of the officials  seated on the substitutes’ bench and on the &#xA;  additional technical seats. The match sheet must be properly completed in block &#xA;  capitals and signed by the captain and the head of delegation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16.04 If the taking of kicks from the penalty mark cannot be completed because of &#xA;  weather conditions or for other reasons beyond control, the results will be decided &#xA;  by the drawing of lots by the referee in the presence of the UEFA match delegate &#xA;  and the two team captains.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;23.02 Protests concerning the state of the field of play must be submitted to the referee in writing by the relevant officials before the match. If the  state of the field of play &#xA;  becomes questionable in the course of the match, the team captain must inform &#xA;  the referee, in the presence of the captain of the opposing team, orally without &#xA;  delay. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some national associations, if a player is cautioned or sent off and a suspension applies, the period of suspension is doubled if the player was captain at the time of the offence. Although I can't find a reliable reference for, I think that the doubling of the suspension time applies even if a player was acting captain at the time, receiving the armband after the regular captain went off field due to injury or substitution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At club level, captains have various roles that can range from traditional to official:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They lead negotiations with club owners and managers regarding internal regulations, bonuses, etc, and in some associations such regulations are only valid if signed by all captains,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are generally expected to act as the public face of the players, it's not uncommon to see captains taking full responsibility after a loss,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are generally expected to act as mentors to younger players, especially players in youth and reserve teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user313" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-03-18T23:08:56.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="532" CreationDate="2012-03-14T19:11:21.670" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I finally found something in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/collective-bargaining-agreement-2011-2020.pdf&quot;&gt;CBA&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;Article 9 Section 3 (c)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any Club that does not have available, in the upcoming Draft, the selection choice or choices (its own or better choices in the applicable rounds) needed to provide Draft Choice Compensation in the event of a timely First Refusal Exercise Notice may not sign an Offer Sheet in such circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to indicate that you get the best pick available from the team signing the player you've tendered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-03-14T19:31:32.987" LastActivityDate="2012-03-14T19:31:32.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="538" CreationDate="2012-03-15T05:34:47.397" Score="9" ViewCount="146061" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone please explain to me what the statistic &quot;WHIP&quot; means in the game of baseball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-09-17T21:31:49.227" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T21:35:39.337" Title="What does the stat WHIP in baseball mean?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="536" CreationDate="2012-03-15T12:37:14.743" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition of &lt;strong&gt;WHIP&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Walks plus Hits per Inning Pitched&lt;/strong&gt; is the following per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walks_plus_hits_per_inning_pitched&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; WHIP = (Walks + Hits)/(Innings Pitched)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/index.php/pitching/whip/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cautionary&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/fantasy/index.php/strategy-session-dont-get-whipped/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;note&lt;/a&gt;: While WHIP is a common statistic in fantasy baseball, it's a rather poor tool for evaluating pitchers as it fails to account for something pitchers have little control over (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/996/what-is-babip-in-baseball-and-what-does-it-tell-us&quot;&gt;BABIP&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-09-17T21:35:39.337" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T21:35:39.337" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="541" CreationDate="2012-03-15T22:42:02.597" Score="19" ViewCount="38626" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, I know there are multiple ways to enter a tournament (if there are more, I've never heard of them):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;direct entry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wildcard&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;qualifying&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does a player get in using these methods?  I'm mostly curious about how the players get chosen for direct entries and who gets to participate in qualifying.  Does this depend on tournament size?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="322" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T14:37:39.580" LastActivityDate="2022-05-02T11:41:52.497" Title="How do tennis players get into tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|participation|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2012-03-15T23:23:39.520" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Direct Entry' means that their current ranking qualified them for a spot in the main draw of the tournament. Their name will sometimes appear in the draw prefixed with their ranking (and/or seed) number. Typically, the ranking taken into consideration is what the player was ranked 2 to 3 weeks before the tournament begins (when entries are finalized), so their ranking going into the tournament might be slightly different than their current ranking depending on if they played in a tournament between when entries were finalized and the tournament began.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Wildcard' entry means that their ranking did not qualify them for a main draw position, and they were awarded one of the spots in the main draw reserved for a wild card. Their name will usually be prefixed with &quot;WC&quot; in this case. Wildcards are awarded by the tournament director typically and it is up to their discretion who to award them to. Also, the player would need to request a wildcard in order for it to be awarded to them. For a typical draw, the number of wildcards is not that great - usually between 2 to 4. For a major (128 player draw) - there are 8 wildcard spots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Qualifying' entry means that the player played 1 or more matches/rounds in a qualifying tournament and earned a spot in the main draw that was reserved as a qualifying spot. Their name will usually be prefixed with a &quot;Q&quot; in the draw in this case. The number of qualifying spots in the main draw usually depends on the size of the main draw - for a major, which has a main draw of 128 players, typically 16 spots will be reserved for qualifiers. Typically, players get chosen for qualifying rounds based on their current ranking - so those ranked high enough (but just outside the range for direct entry) get put into qualifying tournaments. Some tournaments also hold pre-qualifying rounds that are open to absolutely anyone eligible to play by virtue of being a pro and paying the entry fee. This is how the very beginning professionals (or maybe those coming back from an injury) work their way into tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one other way a player can get into a main draw is by being what is called a &quot;lucky loser&quot; - which means the player that beat them to earn a spot in the main draw as a qualifier had to withdraw from the tournament before the 1st round began for some reason - so they were put into the main draw in place of that player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is this year's Men's Singles draw from the Australian Open to take a look at if you want to apply what you just read: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/scores/draws/ms/msdraw.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/scores/draws/ms/msdraw.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-15T23:48:22.283" LastActivityDate="2012-03-15T23:48:22.283" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="544" CreationDate="2012-03-17T02:48:23.900" Score="16" ViewCount="6132" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, when a forfeit occurs, the score is 9-0.  Why 9-0?  What does this score mean, and what is the historical reason for this value?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="316" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T14:24:06.553" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:24:06.553" Title="Why are forfeits in baseball scored as 9-0?" Tags="|rules|baseball|history|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="543" CreationDate="2012-03-17T02:52:25.393" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forfeit_%28baseball%29&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says, &quot;In the event of forfeiture, the score is recorded as &quot;9 to 0&quot;, as per rule 2.00 of the Major League Baseball Rules Book.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2011/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot;&gt;major league rules&lt;/a&gt; (page 16) state, &quot;A FORFEITED GAME is a game declared ended by the umpire-in-chief in favor of the offended team by the score of 9 to 0, for violation of the rules.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the number 9 - it seems to relate to the number of scheduled innings played out in a professional standard 9 inning game. For softball and little league, for example, the score would be 7-0 since those games schedule only 7 innings of play. I also found something that said that in the event that the forfeiting team is trailing in the score, the score will remain as-is. So, if the team that had to forfeit was behind, say 5-1 - the final score would be recorded as 5-1. I believe the &quot;9-0&quot; score is the rule for games that are forfeited and never begin playing out or where the score is tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-19T04:06:08.773" LastActivityDate="2012-03-19T04:06:08.773" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="518" CreationDate="2012-03-17T04:58:21.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read over &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.talkcricket.co.uk/guides/cricket_laws.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;TalkCricket&lt;/a&gt;'s description of cricket. And from what I can interpret from your question, you are spending most of your time in recovery. You want to know what the best line for the pickup of a new pitch, and you have pain in your back that prevents you from throwing the ball quickly, and you have no hand to use for low recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this description, it is very hard to tell what is being asked. Since we cannot read your mind and do now know what you are asking, it is difficult to answer the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest you visit some of the cricket strategy websites, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pitchvision.com/playing-swing-bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PitchVision&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mycricketgame.com/cricket-strategy.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MyCricketGame&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dangermouse.net/cricket/strategy.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dangermouse&lt;/a&gt;. Once you have figured out what you are looking for, Google is your friend. Sports Stack Exchange can also help you, but the members need to know what is being asked first. Look at the links provided and try to determine what the question is, and then edit your question to make it more specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="326" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-03-17T05:23:41.023" LastActivityDate="2012-03-17T05:23:41.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="553" CreationDate="2012-03-17T13:38:50.127" Score="14" ViewCount="29820" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having a problem when I am hitting with my driver off the tee. I tend to slice the ball almost every time! Because of that I just use an iron instead which usually go pretty straight and is more reliable. Does anyone have any tips for getting better at hitting the driver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="327" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:46:50.903" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:56:37.920" Title="How can I avoid slicing with my driver?" Tags="|golf|technique|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="290" CreationDate="2012-03-17T15:54:42.017" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question should be more related to the type of water you're on. The type of kayak you're in should then follow the type of water you're on and the type of experience you are looking for...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're paddling on water large enough for waves, with currents, with big and/or fast ships/boats, or which is too big to comfortably swim to the shore in clothes, rolling is considered to be a very essential safety measure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paddling in a group though is worth even more than rolling. Even if you can roll on calm waters in practice situations, you might not be able to after your involuntary exit. Always remember that there was a reason why you suddenly find yourself outside of a kayak:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strong winds,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;high waves,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;different waves hitting you from different directions at the same time, created by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cross winds (even far away),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;obstacles in the water: big buoys can create this, underwater structures,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ships passing in a distance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;damage to your kayak&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;overestimating oneself and/or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;heat/sunstroke&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tiredness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you're on cold water (even if the air temp is comfortable), you may not be able to roll. There is a phenomenon of your breathing stopping suddenly when you get your head into ice-cold water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In several of these cases being able to roll is not the solution to the problem. Again, being in a group is a much better safety measure. Never paddle alone on open water. And before you go in a group ensure that everyone can reenter the kayak with help from others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For practicing, get near the beach with a group of people who all can safely and quickly reenter the kayak (as you posted for yourself). All of this group must be able to use buddy techniques to reenter the kayak in groups on calm water. (E.g. one stabilizes while the other enters). Then practice one after the other reentering with waves. First time you do this ensure it's a place with lifeguard on duty and/or boat access.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, learn to read the weather, and weather forecasts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way: If you cannot roll, wear a dry-suit! It helps you stay warm. Never risk hypothermia. Depending on the difference in water temperature and air temperature it's hard to wear clothing to survive 10 mins in cold water while avoiding a heatstroke while paddling normally. I cannot roll my sea-kayak, and usually paddle on a small river (6m width). But I still paddle until the water starts developing ice. I start wearing a drysuit in autumn, when the water gets below 10C because on a rainy day no-one would notice me drifting in the ice cold water. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/coastal_communities/hypothermia#time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;It does not take long&lt;/a&gt; to bring your body temperature down to critical levels in 4 C water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck and lots of fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="328" LastEditDate="2012-03-17T16:39:06.160" LastActivityDate="2012-03-17T16:39:06.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="560" CreationDate="2012-03-17T18:28:09.407" Score="32" ViewCount="73502" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am now starting to learn how to swim and have found that I have trouble swimming with my head in the water. Although I breathe every 1 or 2 strokes (front crawl) I found that my heart rate rises pretty high and soon I found myself gasping for air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not out of shape; I run marathons and do long MTB races (80km) so I thought I can control my breathing during effort, but this seems a different kind of challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T19:39:29.210" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T08:06:09.503" Title="Why do I get out of breath so quickly when swimming?" Tags="|swimming|technique|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="548" CreationDate="2012-03-18T01:28:02.740" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much are you kicking?  Try holding a flutterboard/kickboard/buoy between your legs and continuing the arm motion of front crawl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does two things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Removes the leg muscles from the equation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keeps your legs up, which makes swimming MUCH easier.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main trick in efficient swimming is to learn to swim downhill.  You want to 'Press the Buoy' which is push your chest (full of air) down, and use it as leverage to get your legs higher.  You sort of eventually end up swimming downhill a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another trick is to tuck your chin into your chest, imagining you are pulling your neck and spine far enough to tug your legs up.  (Its just a trick to teach you to lean forward and press the buoy, but the image works).  If you try to feel yourself pulling your legs up by your chin it can be effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically these are approaches to being more efficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-03-18T01:28:02.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="550" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-03-18T07:23:12.043" Score="10" ViewCount="7490" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do the hole patterns for SNS, NNN and 3-pin (including Back Country variants) cross-country ski bindings match up at all, or do you always need to drill new holes in the skis when installing a different binding system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="323" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-01-05T18:54:49.400" LastActivityDate="2022-01-05T18:54:49.400" Title="Are the hole patterns on cross-country skis standardised?" Tags="|equipment|skiing|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="552" CreationDate="2012-03-19T00:35:05.670" Score="17" ViewCount="14034" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Wells_Tennis_Garden&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indian Wells Tennis Garden&lt;/a&gt; for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNP_Paribas_Open&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;BNP Paribas Open&lt;/a&gt; and took the following photo of center court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/P9ZSD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The end lines appear to be thicker than the other lines (including the service line). My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this an optical illusion or standard for tennis courts? Growing up playing tennis, I don't remember this being the case, but my memory may be poor on this detail.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If standard, is this because tennis is filmed from the ends, and the parallax would make the lines look too thin? Or is there some other reason?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="74" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-19T00:53:10.080" LastActivityDate="2022-11-18T07:56:30.443" Title="Are all of the lines on a tennis court the same width?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="551" CreationDate="2012-03-19T00:49:39.850" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not an optical illusion - some courts have a thicker baseline painted because it is supposed to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) make it a little easier for the people calling the lines to see whether the ball was in or out. Not all courts have a thicker baseline, but it is more common among courts used for professional matches. Thus, your standard public park / recreational courts are not likely to have a thicker baseline. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) It typically helps the players see the baseline opposite them a little easier - since it is the line farthest from the players viewing position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also - it is mentioned in the specifications for building a tennis court. See Page 9 &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportscontractors.com.au/fileadmin/filemount/technical/tennis_court_constructions_guide.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.5.1 Court Lines.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The centre service line and centre mark line must be 50mm wide. All other lines except the base line may be 25mm-50mm wide. The base line may be 25mm-100mm wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I have played on courts with both a standard thickness base line and a 100mm thick baseline and it has not made much difference to me as far as visibility is concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.doittennis.com/buyers-guides/tennis-court-dimensions.php&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an additional page that is a good reference on court dimensions and line widths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="336" LastEditDate="2012-03-22T05:27:10.263" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T05:27:10.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="546" CreationDate="2012-03-19T13:45:21.977" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure this QA is the best place to address your swing problem.  But I will share some common themes I found when I was trying to correct a similar issue with my swing a few years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was putting all of my strength into getting the club off my shoulder and by the time I was striking the ball the club head was already slowing down.  This was causing the face of the club to open up slightly prior to hitting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address this I slowed down my swing and made sure I was accellerating through the ball.  I was lucky enough to have some fairly experienced players to help me get the feel.  However what really helped me with my swing was spending a few hours with a pro.  He was able to help me get my hips rotating correctly and get me really putting force into the swing where I wanted it.  I went from 280yd drives to 320+ consistently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing you can do is go with a driver that has more loft.  The more loft you have the more forgiving the driver is to slight mishits.  You may sacrifice a bit of yardage but it may help straighten out your drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-03-19T13:45:21.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="572" CreationDate="2012-03-20T09:34:07.030" Score="15" ViewCount="28901" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Formula 1, in the event of a safety car appearing, you often see cars racing to the pits in order to get a pit stop which is effectively free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this circumstance result in the pitstop being free?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in the most recent race in Australia, Vettel managed to pass Hamilton during this phase, as Hamilton pitted &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; before the safety car came out, whilst Vettel pitted during the safety car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T15:00:21.597" Title="How does the effectively-free pitstop work during the safety car?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="561" CreationDate="2012-03-20T22:02:41.473" Score="7" ViewCount="4827" Body="&lt;p&gt;I own a 5.18m Sea-Kayak. Obviously a sit-in type with a watertight spray skirt. It has two hatches which also close to not let water in, even if forcibly submerged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On my trips to other countries (recently Lithuania, USA, Canada, Croatia) I am always offered sit-on-top kayaks. Sit-in type of kayaks are sometimes available but not always. Less so in purely recreational setups, such as calm, but touristy lakes. Rental shops advertise them as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;being more fun&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have holes to let the water out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are more stable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are faster&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I see it, in fact they&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have holes which let water in from below (not suitable for cold weather/water)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are very sensitive to wind (hard on beginners, and for extended duration)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have very little ability to hold direction&#xA;(and are again thus more difficult to handle for beginners)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do not have storage capacity for tours&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by my observation they are not good for beginners (hard to steer, wind sensitive), they are not good for experienced people (no hatches for storage, too slow, exposed to all elements). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accordingly they would be especially bad for rental shops because those more often than not target beginners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes them special? Why do rental shops go with them? What are the advantages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-03-20T22:49:11.103" LastActivityDate="2012-03-21T03:45:10.710" Title="What are the main advantages of sit-on-top kayaks? What makes them so popular?" Tags="|equipment|kayaking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="557" CreationDate="2012-03-20T23:16:53.633" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this scenario: You are leading the race and there is an incident that calls for a safety car. You rush into the pits and get out, let's say having lost six places while in the pits, just as the current leader reaches the safety car and the queue starts to form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may have dropped at seventh place, but with an extra pit stop and with the queue eliminating distances between cars. When the race restarts you will be at a slight disadvantage because of the heavier tank but if all goes well you will regain the top spot quite easily when everyone in front of you goes into the pits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, if you don't manage to get out of the pits before the queue forms, you may have lost quite a few places and even dropped at the end of the race. The strategy benefits the leading cars, is a judgement call for the cars in the middle of the race and it's worthless to the tail cars. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course the scenario above is oversimplified, if all the leaders rush into the pits, pit stop times play a major role in the strategy's success and it may prove disastrous for the team. It's a probability game, teams will have to guess correctly that the safety car will appear before the marshals wave the yellow flag.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user313" LastActivityDate="2012-03-20T23:16:53.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="548" CreationDate="2012-03-20T23:33:52.227" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good bet is that this is probably caused by being nervous, and you might be hyperventilating.  Given your fitness level, there's probably not a physical reason for getting out of breath - and I bet your breath very quickly returns to normal when you grab the side of the pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The good news is that this is 100% fixable - and you've already taken a big step: recognizing that there is a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Time in the water, and maybe some coaching will quickly bring up your experience level, and your confidence, which should smooth out those nerves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-03-20T23:33:52.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2012-03-21T03:45:10.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would think that the main advantage in a rental situation is the fact that they are effectively unsinkable. Coupled with that, if you flip it, it is easy to roll it back over and climb back on top. Not so with sit-in kayaks, where getting upright when you have turtled is a skill that must be learned and practiced, and can be dangerous if you're clueless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, since you are sitting pretty high, you also have a better chance of falling in the water when on top of a sit-on-top yak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scuppers (holes in the bottom) don't really let in much water, and they are very good at getting water &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt; once it gets in. But, of course, the reality is that your feet are going to be wet - so dress accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-03-21T03:45:10.710" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="563" CreationDate="2012-03-21T09:00:35.023" Score="8" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possible Duplicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/179/why-is-fifa-against-adding-instant-replay-to-the-game&quot;&gt;Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After watching England's world cup match i was eagerly waiting for FIFA to introduce the goal line technology. But it hasn't come out yet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the disadvantages of using it? In all other games now days technology is very much used and has resulted in a reduction of refereeing or umpiring errors.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has FIFA got against the use of technology in the game? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-03-21T21:08:28.003" Title="Why do we have to wait for the goal line technology to be put into practice" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-03-22T14:35:00.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="562" CreationDate="2012-03-21T10:21:01.550" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the delays is the complexity of the technology and amount of testing that is currently being carried out. According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.standard.net/stories/2011/10/09/soccer-not-set-get-goal-line-aids-until-2013&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;9&lt;/strong&gt; different methods are currently being trialied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why the governing bodies have been so against the introduction of this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You may find this question useful; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/179/why-is-fifa-against-adding-instant-replay-to-the-game&quot;&gt;Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The bosses from up-high (Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini) have been very much against the introduction of such technology, even though &lt;a href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/03/05/football.fifa.goalline.technology/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a survey&lt;/a&gt; found 90% of players want it introduced, and you often hear managers expressing their interest in it as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sepp Blatter has been more sympathetic since the Frank Lampard goal during the 2010 World Cup against Germany, but Platini firmly believes &amp;quot;it would undermine the authority of referees and disrupt the natural flow of the game.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/teams/england/7857951/England-v-Germany-Frank-Lampards-goal-reignites-goal-line-technology-debate.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other critics&lt;/a&gt; feel that the introduction of such technology &amp;quot;would impact on the human element of the game and remove the enjoyment of debating mistakes.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cost of implementing such technology is high; especially for smaller clubs. It was thought that the introduction of more referees/ linesmen would be a cheaper and similarly effective alternative. This approach was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_referee_%28association_football%29#Goal-line_officials&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;publically trialled&lt;/a&gt; in the UEFA Group League Stages 2009 - 2010, and was extended to the 2010 - 2011 stages as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-03-21T11:00:03.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="571" CreationDate="2012-03-21T10:30:02.167" Score="7" ViewCount="18911" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard that the suspension rule in Spanish league is different from rest of the places and tournaments. In all the leagues and tournaments I have watched it is 2 yellow cards or 1 red card for suspension. Is it different in Spain? If yes Why? does FIFA agree to it? Is there any other place where there is a difference in rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T11:37:03.530" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T17:35:01.720" Title="Why is the rule of match suspension in Spanish league different?" Tags="|rules|football|suspension|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-03-21T10:37:26.070" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Picture is worth thousand words! Hope this helps you understand&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZtTG3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-03-21T10:37:26.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2012-03-22T04:28:10.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even in the modern era you could find teams playing with a sweeper. Its not obsolete. But is considered heavily defensive. When you play a sweeper the formation followed is mostly 1-4-4-1 or 1-4-3-2. You can see this followed when two teams off very different calibers meet and its usually the weaker team that employs a sweeper. &#xA;The modern and better reputed teams do not employ sweeper because they don't become a part in total football. in total football as the question poster mentioned the role of sweeper is shared by the two central defenders. I don't think the defensive mid has anything to do with SW becoming obsolete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T04:28:10.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="361" CreationDate="2012-03-22T04:56:58.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it was the 4-4-2. it had slighter modification like 4-1-2-1-2 and 4-2-2-2.&#xA;4-3-3 was used in attacking situations when in search of plenty of goals. 4-2-2 was more of a normal formation. &#xA;Wingers were the most important part of English football strategy. in 4-3-3 there is no Wingers and therefore not very widely used in EPL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T04:56:58.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="600" CreationDate="2012-03-22T05:25:56.413" Score="8" ViewCount="2802" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing volleyball since childhood. I started off with a 4-2 formation (2 defenders and 4 attackers). Then we moved on to 5-1. (i.e. 5 attackers and 1 defender)&lt;br&gt; But nowadays, I have seen a few teams playing 6-0 as it gives them the advantage of having 3 attackers all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the pros and cons of this formation? Will teams be shifting to 6-1 from 5-1, like the earlier trend of 4-2 to 5-1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2015-11-17T08:57:19.967" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T08:57:19.967" Title="What has triggered the evolution of 6-0 formation in volleyball?" Tags="|volleyball|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="564" CreationDate="2012-03-22T09:36:44.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;All &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA members&lt;/a&gt;, including the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rfef.es/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Real Federación Española de Fútbol (RFEF)&lt;/a&gt;, follow the same on field regulations, codified in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA's Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. The regulations for yellow and red cards can be found under &quot;LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disciplinary sanctions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The yellow card is used to communicate that a player, substitute or substituted player has been cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The red card is used to communicate that a player, substitute or substituted &#xA;  player has been sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only a player, substitute or substituted player may be shown the red or yellow &#xA;  card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee has the authority to take disciplinary sanctions from the moment he enters the field of play until he leaves the field of play after the final whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either on or off the field of play, whether directed towards an opponent, a team-mate, the  referee, an assistant referee or any other person, is disciplined according to the nature of the offence committed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and later on from the same Law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sending-off offences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the &#xA;  following seven offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[ ... ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of consecutive yellow cards that translates into a red card (two) is therefore part of the Rules of the Game, and thus it may not vary per FIFA member.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What may differ per association, is the duration and regulation of off field suspensions that result from yellow and / or red cards. For domestic leagues suspensions are decided by the association and for national tournaments by UEFA, and they are subject to change per tournament. For example, the regulations for yellow and red cards for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/multimediafiles/download/competitions/euro/91/87/57/918757_download.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA European Football Championship (2010-12)&lt;/a&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Article 21&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yellow and red cards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21.01 As a rule, a player who is sent off the field of play is suspended for the next match &#xA;  in the competition. The Control and Disciplinary Body is entitled to augment this &#xA;  sanction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21.02 A player is automatically suspended for the next competition match after two &#xA;  cautions in two different matches as well as after the fourth and any subsequent &#xA;  caution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21.03 Cautions and pending yellow-card suspensions expire on completion of the &#xA;  qualifying competition. They are not carried forward to the final tournament &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21.04 Single cautions from matches in the final tournament expire on completion of the &#xA;  quarter-finals, and are not carried forward to the semi-finals. &#xA;  21.05 Cautions and pending yellow-card suspensions from the final tournament expire at &#xA;  the end of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can read Spanish, the most recent RFEF publications regarding disciplinary matters are the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rfef.es/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/normativas/Codigo%20disciplinario%202011-2012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2011 Código Disciplinario&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rfef.es/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/normativas/Resoluciones%20disciplinarias%2009-10.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2009/10 Resoluciones disciplinarias del fútbol español&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: Two yellow cards result in an automatic red card in Spain, as everywhere. How long the player is suspended after being sent off is regulated by the association and the league authorities, and it may even differ between leagues of the same association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user313" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-11-06T18:29:25.077" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T18:29:25.077" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="557" CreationDate="2012-03-22T12:55:23.930" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;free&quot; pit-stop doesn't exist any more, especially since the rules were changed last year that meant drivers had to stick to a certain speed when the safety car was on track, I will explain that in more detail later on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic premise of the &quot;free&quot; pit-stop is that under normal circumstances you lose more time relative to the cars not stopping than you would do under the safety car.  For example, let's assume a track where the average speed is 100 (doesn't matter if it's kmh or mph) for the lap and the average lap time 100 seconds.  If you stopped in the pits let's assume it adds another 25 seconds to your lap time, this means you've taken 25% more time compared to the other cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the safety car is out, the laptimes double to 200 seconds, your pit-stop now only adds 12.5% to the average lap as it is the same duration, so the penalty for stopping is much less, but there is still a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is once everyone is behind the SC and you pit, let's say from 1st place, assuming the SC stays out you would rejoin at the back of the pack.  If the pack isn't too large then that's only a lost of around 10 seconds on the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards to the recent rule changes - in the past the drivers were told they had to acknowledge the fact that the safety car was on track and drive accordingly.  In reality they were still driving at pretty close to 100% until they actually caught the safety car up, so laptimes could be close to normal racing speeds at least for the lap or so after the SC was deployed, they would still be catching the SC and it wasn't until they actually caught it that speeds would be seriously affected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new rules mean driver MUST obey a speed limit while the SC is on track, this works by forcing them to drive each sector within a certain amount of time, this is checked by telemetry and any driver not obeying this will be penalised. The drivers can see the time on their steering wheel display - so the advantage of pitting under the SC isn't as great as it used to be and vice versa the advantage isn't so big either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happened in the last race was simply that Vettel made up around 25 seconds over Hamilton due to his pit-stop and Hamilton couldn't make that time back up when Vettel pitted as he was limited by the new SC rules as to how fast he could go when trying to catch the SC.  He did catch up Vettel once they both caught the SC but the damage was done as you can't overtake under SC conditions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T12:55:23.930" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="361" CreationDate="2012-03-22T13:30:02.093" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is certainly 4-4-2 as almost all teams in England were using that formation back then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course the English Premier League didn't exist in the 1980s as it started in 1992, but I have assumed the question relates to the top-flight English league, so that would be Division One (the First Division) pre-1992.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One reason often cited for the poor performance of the English national football (soccer) team is that the club sides play the predictable 4-4-2 formation and this isn't effective at the international level.  So often the England national team plays a variation of this, 4-3-3 for example, but as the players are not used to it this gets used as an excuse, rightly or wrongly, for their underperforming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a lot of information on this topic and you can see 4-4-2 has been popular in many countries until recently: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_%28association_football%29&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool (for one) are still using the 4-4-2 formation and dominated English football especially in the 1980s; here's another interesting link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://thebeaveronline.co.uk/2012/03/15/the-death-of-the-4-4-2/&quot;&gt;http://thebeaveronline.co.uk/2012/03/15/the-death-of-the-4-4-2/&lt;/a&gt;. (If the URL worries you, it is about soccer, I promise!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-03-22T17:42:31.823" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T17:42:31.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="536" CreationDate="2012-03-22T15:30:09.080" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the popular answer above, it's also useful to note that WHIP was originally conceived of as a statistic used to &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204619004574318690805089868.html&quot;&gt;score pitchers in fantasy baseball&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while WHIP is not widely used in sabremetrics communities to help rank the usefulness of pitchers, it is a useful statistic to understand in fantasy circles as well as use as an indicator of future ERA performance.  Ex:  Lower WHIP generally coincides with lower ERA.  Since ERA is such an established stat (for legitimate reasons or not), WHIP can be used as a tool to forecast future performance of a pitcher's ERA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T15:30:09.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="592" CreationDate="2012-03-22T15:43:36.987" Score="13" ViewCount="10798" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to find a good answer as to why a player would not be credited with a stolen base under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_scorer_10.jsp&quot;&gt;official MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;. It seems to me that most indifference calls are made when the defending team is far ahead and is wanting to avoid errors more than record outs on attempted stolen bases.  This seems like a pretty weak argument, so I'm looking to see if there are others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is rule 10.07 talking about DI (and linked to above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 10.07(g) Comment: The scorer shall consider, in judging whether&#xA;  the defensive team has been indifferent to a runners advance, the&#xA;  totality of the circumstances, including the inning and score of the&#xA;  game, whether the defensive team had held the runner on base, whether&#xA;  the pitcher had made any pickoff attempts on that runner before the&#xA;  runners advance, whether the fielder ordinarily expected to cover the&#xA;  base to which the runner advanced made a move to cover such base,&#xA;  whether the defensive team had a legitimate strategic motive to not&#xA;  contest the runners advance or whether the defensive team might be&#xA;  trying impermissibly to deny the runner credit for a stolen base. For&#xA;  example, with runners on first and third bases, the official scorer&#xA;  should ordinarily credit a stolen base when the runner on first&#xA;  advances to second, if, in the scorers judgment, the defensive team&#xA;  had a legitimate strategic motivenamely, preventing the runner on&#xA;  third base from scoring on the throw to second basenot to contest the&#xA;  runners advance to second base. The official scorer may conclude that&#xA;  the defensive team is impermissibly trying to deny a runner credit for&#xA;  a stolen base if, for example, the defensive team fails to defend the&#xA;  advance of a runner approaching a league or career record or a league&#xA;  statistical title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-03-30T02:22:20.533" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T19:06:23.640" Title="What is the history/reasoning behind the defensive indifference rule in MLB?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2012-03-22T18:16:10.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In earlier times players used to put the hands up in a rather static manner near the net while their team is servicing. this &lt;em&gt;shades&lt;/em&gt; the server from opposition. But according to the changed rule you cant keep a &lt;strong&gt;fully stretched stationary arms&lt;/strong&gt; above your head while you are in the 3m box and your team is serving. But still a semi stretched or moving arm is allowed. it might be the referees' will, but most of them agree to it this way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="336" LastEditDate="2012-03-29T07:04:59.637" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T07:04:59.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="580" CreationDate="2012-03-22T18:34:43.997" Score="-16" ViewCount="3609" Body="&lt;p&gt;Almost all the games and sports involve an &lt;strong&gt;odd number&lt;/strong&gt; of players. &#xA;And most the games involve 11 players, eg: football, cricket, hockey etc.&#xA;And other games like basketball and all have 5 which is also odd and prime. &#xA;i can think of only volleyball that has even and non prime number of players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My specific question is why are there ODD prime numbers of players in most of the games? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T06:58:38.923" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T06:58:38.923" Title="Why odd number of players?" Tags="|football|basketball|baseball|volleyball|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-04-18T21:41:36.307" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2012-03-22T18:41:36.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fielding captain or the bowler who balls the 1st over of the match decides it. The factor mostly considered are wind direction. The umpires do not explicitly say anything about the end  which the game play starts. There is no rule also based about it. Maybe the people who wrote the rule book might have thought this as a &lt;em&gt;Minor&lt;/em&gt; part of the Game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-03-22T18:41:36.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="578" CreationDate="2012-03-22T20:41:07.647" Score="11" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ice Hockey 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Softball (mostly played with 10 players with an extra outfielder) 10&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Volleyball 6 for indoor 2 for sand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Curling 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Boblseigh = 2 or 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relay Racing - 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Polo 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could go on but I trust you get the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="92" LastEditDate="2012-03-27T15:16:12.860" LastActivityDate="2012-03-27T15:16:12.860" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="588" CreationDate="2012-03-23T06:30:39.093" Score="9" ViewCount="4529" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen plenty of times a re-serve being awarded instead of giving the point to any of the team in both volleyball and I think tennis, too.  (I'm not sure if it's still the same in tennis).  I had always felt that a re-serve was an injustice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the real logic behind it? Is it a fair thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:22:31.030" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:22:31.030" Title="What is the logic behind re-serving in volleyball and tennis?" Tags="|rules|tennis|volleyball|serve|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="584" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-03-23T08:35:16.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today there are plenty of different variations of the theme:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sit-on-top kayaks are mostly for leisurely recreational use. They have a flat body, usually made of plastic. Holes, so called scuppers, drain incoming water. Kayak rental seem to develop a growing liking of these boats. They are cheap to get be and easy to handle. More sophisticated versions have a chair and straps and recesses to hold equipment and are often seen used by anglers. All other kayaks are sit-ins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;White water kayaks are short for maneuverability. Their shape supports easy rolling. They are made of very robust plastic materials to withstand strong (ab)use in whitewater and rapids. Inside, they have room only for plastic bags filled with air for improved buoyancy. Primary design goals are safety, agility, speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Racing kayaks are lightweight, long, and thin. The small cross sectional shape helps reduce drag while the length improves the aquadynamics. The material is mostly glass fiber or carbon fiber&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sea Kayaks are long and their shape is cut to provide few working surface for wind and waves. Weight is less a concern than safety, buoyancy (even in cases of damage to parts of the kayak), and ability to carry equipment for multi-day trips. They are the oldest type of kayak and have been in use in their historic forms by several native peoples. In their modern version, they are made out of carbon or glass fibre or durable plastics. They have one to three hatches which are sealed shut agains incoming water for storing up to ~100kg of goods. With proper clothing and sprayskirts only few drops of water enter a sea-kayak.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playboats are similar in length to whitewater kayaks, but have a shape that supports even greater agility around all three axes. They are used in free-style competitions to successfully demonstrate predefined figures, the &quot;moves&quot;, and combinations thereof.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Recreational&quot; kayaks cover the remainder which are in length and shape somewhere between the whitewater kayak and the sea-kayak. While today almost all kayaks are used for recreation the term &quot;recreational kayak&quot; often refers to kayaks not falling in any of the other categories.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="328" LastEditDate="2012-03-23T11:27:43.890" LastActivityDate="2012-03-23T11:27:43.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="585" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-03-23T08:35:16.887" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of kayaking. Questions about kayaking in general are better suited for The Great Outdoors SE." OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:26:36.700" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:26:36.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="583" CreationDate="2012-03-23T09:28:51.750" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Tennis, if the first serve is not legal a &quot;fault&quot; is declared. If the second serve is again illegal (&quot;double fault&quot;), the other player gets the point. If the ball hits the net cord during the serve, but is otherwise legal, a &quot;let&quot; is declared and the player serves again. There is no limit on the number of lets in a service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, a second-serve cannot be an injustice or unfair, because both players adhere to the same rules; if only the player serving first could serve twice or similar, it will be as such, but since &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; players are allow 2nd-service attempts it is perfectly fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the logic behind it (in tennis at least), proper serves requires mastering of a difficult technique, and so giving players a 2nd attempt at this allows more margin for error.  This may be why there is no such thing as a &quot;2nd serve&quot; in table tennis; there is no requirement to hit the opposite side of the court, so you can say service is easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastActivityDate="2012-03-23T09:28:51.750" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="587" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="591" CreationDate="2012-03-23T12:26:08.963" Score="8" ViewCount="3524" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking into going into triathlons and I was wondering wearing a trisuit improves your performance in triathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-10T15:58:20.653" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T19:32:19.547" Title="What are the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a trisuit?" Tags="|equipment|triathlon|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="583" CreationDate="2012-03-23T13:00:49.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Matt has covered tennis so I will answer the Volleyball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In volleyball the re-serve is allowed when there is outside(fan) interference, equipment failure, or some other event, that voids the volley.  If the ball lands on the line then the point is awarded.  If it lands outside the line then it is a side out.  It is the referee's job to make the call.  It used to be that an injury would not stop play but I think that has changed in High School play now.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="336" LastEditDate="2012-03-23T16:47:44.903" LastActivityDate="2012-03-23T16:47:44.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="587" CreationDate="2012-03-23T13:45:38.750" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the advantages comes in the swimming leg.  Depending on the quality of the suit, it may have less drag in the water than the normal human body, theoretically increasing your speed.  Many high-end suits advertise this advantage: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trisports.com/trspsu.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.trisports.com/trspsu.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for disadvantages, I don't see many. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T19:32:19.547" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T19:32:19.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="587" CreationDate="2012-03-23T16:54:57.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suspect the primary benefit is time saved in transition.  Usually shirts are required in races, so after the swim you have to do something to cover up.  (I suppose you could wear stuff under a wetsuit, but I do not use wetsuits). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not have to change anything in transition it can help.  Other than that, I suspect it is comfort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-03-23T16:54:57.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="575" CreationDate="2012-03-23T17:08:54.183" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/23/sports/baseball/23score.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this 2009 NY Times article&lt;/a&gt; about defensive indifference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Defensive indifference is exactly what it connotes: a situation when a&#xA;  team was unconcerned about preventing the runner from advancing. &lt;strong&gt;After&#xA;  official scorers consider the score and the inning, if the pitcher&#xA;  made pickoff attempts and if the first baseman was positioned behind&#xA;  the runner, they determine if the dash was a steal or defensive&#xA;  indifference&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“It’s an old rule and a very good rule,” said Bill Shannon, who has&#xA;  been a scorer for 31 seasons. “I’m loath to give away statistical&#xA;  achievements.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But what about the runner who has successfully scooted the 90 feet?&#xA;  Some players contend they should be credited with a stolen base. If&#xA;  the team’s defensive strategy was to give away the base, should the&#xA;  runner be rewarded for taking what was available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Defensive indifference is a sleepy but established rule that has been&#xA;  in Major League Baseball for 89 years. Bob Waterman, a senior baseball&#xA;  staffer at Elias, said the addendum, “No stolen base shall be credited&#xA;  to a runner who is allowed to advance without an effort being made to&#xA;  stop him,” was placed in the 1920 rule book. &lt;strong&gt;The rule is typically&#xA;  enforced in the ninth inning of a lopsided game when the defense yawns&#xA;  as a runner grabs a meaningless base.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Steve Hirdt, the executive vice president of Elias, noticed references&#xA;  to defensive indifference while researching play-by-play accounts of&#xA;  games from the 1920s. In an article about the imminent rule change in&#xA;  The Chicago Tribune on Jan. 30, 1920, there is a headline that reads,&#xA;  “&lt;strong&gt;Cut Out the Joke Steals&lt;/strong&gt;.” Hirdt called it a good rule because &lt;strong&gt;it&#xA;  protects “the spirit of what a stolen base is.&lt;/strong&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that baseball's rule makers had a very strict definition of what a stolen base was - they did not want meaningless stat padding. This rule helps to make an &quot;earned&quot; steal more valuable and keeps a lopsided game moving by discouraging teams from tacking on &quot;steals&quot; that won't impact the outcome of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="6117" LastEditDate="2015-06-01T19:06:23.640" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T19:06:23.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2012-03-25T09:37:25.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a really fine line. I would say that if all of the front row players are standing close together that can potentially be really close to screening. Many of these professional guys are already really big and if they were standing by themselves they would already be screening a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally they are not intentionally screening. I think the front row players raise their arms as a way to prepare for blocking. At least that's what our coach use to train us to do. It may be more of a psychological thing for us and an intimidation thing for the opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="150" LastActivityDate="2012-03-25T09:37:25.130" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="74" CreationDate="2012-03-25T09:48:48.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;People also are fond of shoes that basically make you walk on your toes...such as these &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strength-shoes.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Strength Shoes&lt;/a&gt;. There are also other devices that you can strap on to existing shoes that make you walk on you toes/balls of your feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, while wearing these, you would do sprints, jump training, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When growing up playing and training for volleyball...these were popular. Saw some kids with amazing verticals on YouTube and saw some moments where they were taking these weird shoes out of their gym bags.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="150" LastActivityDate="2012-03-25T09:48:48.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="578" CreationDate="2012-03-25T14:50:16.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surely this is just down to the individual sports and their rules themselves.  When codifying the game, the people in charge of doing so must have picked a number most convenient to them and the space they played in, and didn't consciously try to pick an odd, prime number as you claim is common.  It might just seem that more sports have odd, prime number sized teams because the ones you list are the popular ones that are on television. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-03-25T14:50:16.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2012-03-25T15:03:51.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shape of both is mostly to do with aerodynamics.  An American football needs to be thrown over long distances, and the ball's shape helps it maintain its trajectory and is therefore easier to throw.  Although it doesn't need to be thrown over as long a distance, the game is predominantly played from hand to hand.  I'd disagree with admartian in that the ball is passed far more than it is kicked.  As an example, look at the recent six nations match between Wales and France where Wales completed 164 passes and France completed 99, compared to both teams combined only kicking whilst in possession 67 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-03-25T15:03:51.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="575" CreationDate="2012-03-26T05:45:28.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume this is also so no stat padding is done on the behalf of a player looking to add additional steal totals to his statistics. I can see plenty of times when a game is out of reach and a player reaching first and taking 2nd for no reason just to add steals to his total. At the end of the season instead of the true 10 bases stolen +10 DI's it would appear the player stole 20 bases when his number should only be half of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it would be cool if there was a formula to compile an OPS. for a player for when it only counted towards the game and not garbage time. If a player hits 15 garbage time home runs to add on to his season total what good was his 35 home runs really other than proving he can dominate lesser late game pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="349" LastActivityDate="2012-03-26T05:45:28.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="570" CreationDate="2012-03-26T11:47:58.713" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a great post here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://home.earthlink.net/~tfakehany/system.html&quot;&gt;http://home.earthlink.net/~tfakehany/system.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Volleyball systems are referenced numerically. When describing a Volleyball system with numbers, the first number indicates the number of players who are primarily hitters and the second number indicates the number of players who are primarily setters, example: in a &quot;4-2&quot; offense, four of the players on the court are primarily spikers and the other two are primarily setters. The setter in the front row is the active setter, while the remaining setter plays defense and/or sets broken plays. There are three main systems used in Volleyball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The first is the &quot;4-2&quot; as described above. This is very popular for lower level teams because it is simple, and the active setter usually doesn't have to worry about anything except setting the ball. Few teams above the high school level use the &quot;4-2&quot;, although the USSR women's team ran a &quot;4-2&quot; in 1989 against the USA team, so anything is possible. The weakness in this system is that there are only two primary spikers in the front row and the opposition has three blockers, thus there is a major advantage for the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What most teams want is a three hitter versus three blocker alignment. The &quot;6-2&quot; is able to provide this. We all know that the rules won't allow for eight players on the court. So properly, in the &quot;6-2&quot; system two of the hitters double as setters. In the &quot;6-2&quot; the active setter is in the back row. This allows the setter who is in the front row to concentrate on hitting. This is in contract to the &quot;4-2&quot; system where the active setter is n the front row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the ball is passed, the back row setter runs to the net to set (in a movement called a penetration) before returning to the back row to play defense. When the ball is passed, the setter in the back row will run to the net and set while the other setter is getting ready to hit. One setter is always in the front row and the other is always in the back row. They should never be in the front or back together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most teams use a &quot;5-1&quot; system which is a combination of the &quot;6-2&quot; and the &quot;4-2&quot; systems. With the complexity of today's game, most of the collegiate and international offenses teams have found it difficult to find two setters who are great at both setting and hitting. Furthermore, when you have two setters it can be difficult to switch between the rhythm of one setter and the other setter every three rotations. The Cuban National team and a few top college teams are the only teams who use the &quot;6-2&quot; at a high competitive level. A greater number of middle and lower competitive teams and most recreational teams use the &quot;6-2&quot; system. In the Eastern United States, a &quot;6-2&quot; is frequently called a &quot;6-0&quot;. The minor difference between a &quot;6-2&quot; and a &quot;6-0&quot; is that the setter and opposite are substituted as they change rows. When the setter goes to the front row, instead of becoming a hitter, a new hitter substitutes in. This is a &quot;6-2&quot; because you are using eight players (6 2). In the &quot;6-0&quot; there is no substitution and you use six players (6 0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-03-26T11:47:58.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="604" CreationDate="2012-03-26T13:26:07.360" Score="6" ViewCount="1005" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a rookie in the sport of Airsoft and have heard of &lt;em&gt;airbreak&lt;/em&gt; feature installation but still couldn't figure out how it works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is known to be used for making the Airsoft gun more silent, but I couldn't understand exactly how.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it would be nice to know what are the cons as well when having it installed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="350" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-02-13T21:22:40.900" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T16:29:46.950" Title="How does 'airbreak' work on airsoft guns?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="603" CreationDate="2012-03-26T13:34:00.357" Score="16" ViewCount="1748" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the lowest sanctioned average to bowl a perfect 300 game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure someone who is not a really good bowler got lucky and threw 12 strikes in a game. I wonder how bad that bowler was. I looked around, but could not find any info. I'm guessing it's probably around 140.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T18:36:19.837" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T08:03:16.373" Title="Lowest average to bowl a 300 game?" Tags="|trivia|scoring|records|bowling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="602" CreationDate="2012-03-26T14:29:18.623" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sidebar on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/bowling/2002-12-03-cover-300_x.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from 2002, it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lowest average with a 300 game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Men: Roger Evans, Champaign, Ill. — 127 avg., 1991&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Women: Diane Ponza, Santa Cruz, Calif. — 112 avg., 1977-78 season&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't been able to find anything more current.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There used to be a searchable database of every sanctioned 300 game rolled at the Bowling Museum and Hall of Fame.  But, since they've moved to Texas, I don't know if that's still available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T19:16:15.070" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T19:16:15.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="601" CreationDate="2012-03-26T17:59:19.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have a look at this thread on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.airsoftforum.com/board/Air-Brake-Mod-t29967.html&amp;amp;p=16950563&quot;&gt;Airsoft forum&lt;/a&gt; and especially tmfreak's answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the airbrake stops the piston smacking against the end of the cylinder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does reduce the speed of the projectile a little, and it isn't suitable for all airsoft guns, but worth looking at if the noise is an issue for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-03-26T17:59:19.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="606" CreationDate="2012-03-27T00:48:17.340" Score="17" ViewCount="44500" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the Federer-Roddick match in Miami.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roddick served at 5-6 in the first set.  He ended up serving out the tiebreak, 7 points to 4.  He then opened the second set on serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do they determine which player serves in the first game of the next set after a tiebreaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="322" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:21:06.427" LastActivityDate="2018-04-15T20:28:18.623" Title="Who serves in the first game after a tiebreaker?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="605" CreationDate="2012-03-27T00:55:39.890" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-play-a-tiebreaker-in-tennis.html&quot;&gt;Tennis for Dummies cheatsheet&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When tennis players win six games each, they generally play a&#xA;  tiebreaker to decide the winner of the set. (Tennis rules governing&#xA;  tiebreakers differ for team tennis and for the Wimbledon Championship&#xA;  and may differ for local tournaments as well.) If you're playing a&#xA;  tiebreaker, follow these steps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The player due to serve the 13th game serves the first point into her opponent's deuce court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After the first serve, the serve goes over to the other player, who then serves the next two points, serving first into the ad court and&#xA;  then into the deuce court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After the third point, the players alternate, serving two points each — always beginning on the ad court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After the first six points are played, no matter what the score is, the players change ends (and continue to do so after every other&#xA;  six-point span) until one player wins at least seven points with a&#xA;  margin of two points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The player who serves the last game of the set before the tiebreaker&#xA;  serves the first game of the new set following the tiebreaker.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-01-24T16:12:17.897" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T16:12:17.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="360" CreationDate="2012-03-28T22:36:33.713" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, as no-one has answered, I thought I'd pop up some of the info I found in my research.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't seem to matter much whether the leader continues or whether you swap leads, however leading for a couple of pitches and then swapping may get your hand in with placing anchors on that climb. Weigh this up against fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key piece for all multi-pitch climbs is rope handling at each belay point - this is where some additional techniques and practices come into play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.petzl.com/en/outdoor/news/events-0/2009/06/19/petzl-roctrip-rope-techniques-multi-pitch-climbing&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Petzl's guidance&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Everyone should be directly or indirectly clipped to 2 separate&#xA;  anchors (using locking carabiners). Attaching the climbing rope with a&#xA;  clove-hitch to the anchor allows for simple adjustments so there's no&#xA;  slack in the system. Never rely on a single carabiner at the belay&#xA;  station!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sling between the two belay points with a central carabiner allows for equal weight distribution and safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2zqmw.gif&quot; alt=&quot;two equalised belay points and sling&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two aspects I had not considered at all - where to prepare the rope for the next climb (if you let it hang it will catch, so you need to coil somehow, but on a narrow ledge your options are limited - go for hooking through a carabiner or over your fixed rope) and where to place your first clip on the next climb (this is important, as your 2 belay point anchors will not be set to withstand a fall from above)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another quick comment from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/hill-skills/tech-tips---multi-pitch-climbing/3788.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;outdoorsmagic.com&lt;/a&gt; advises thinking about where you stand at belay points depending on whether you are left or right handed to make rope handling as easy as possible on the climb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-03-28T22:36:33.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-03-29T09:15:45.240" Score="10" ViewCount="4650" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How is the bat speed of batsmen calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I believe it is from change in position of bat in each frame divided by time)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does the nature of the pitch affect the pace of a bowler?&#xA;(I know that ball behaves differently on different pitches after hitting the deck)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally the pace is calculated as distance taken by the ball till pitching or hitting the bat divided by the time taken; as the speed is calculated before the ball pitches the ground, Will the nature of the pitch/ground/soil play any significant role in the pace of a delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="357" LastEditDate="2014-03-17T06:39:00.390" LastActivityDate="2014-03-17T06:39:00.390" Title="Calculations of bat speed and pace of a delivery" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="613" CreationDate="2012-03-29T11:39:53.813" Score="14" ViewCount="5183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since visiting Calgary Olympic Park and seeing their exhibit on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping&quot;&gt;ski jumping&lt;/a&gt; within the ski jumping tower, I've wanted to have a go at the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have to be good at downhill skiing to start ski jumping as an adult? If so, which aspects of it are important?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it a sport where you can practice each day during a week-long vacation, or is it too intensive a sport on the body for that to be viable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-03-30T17:11:46.420" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T06:32:02.290" Title="Learning ski jumping" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2249" CreationDate="2012-03-29T16:22:00.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a folding ski system designed for snowboarders you can see &lt;a href=&quot;http://mtnapproach.com/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &#xA;I couldn't find any other cross-country folding ski available commercially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Folding ski for cross-country is also patented under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6616170.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;US Patent 6616170&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T16:22:00.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="611" CreationDate="2012-03-29T17:41:21.373" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some excerpts from &lt;a href=&quot;http://voices.yahoo.com/learn-ski-jump-everything-beginner-4508889.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Yahoo article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You must be comfortable skiing fast and in-control.&lt;/strong&gt;  Some downhill skiers enjoy going down the hill at a leisurely pace and balk at the&#xA;thought of going fast. If you're not comfortable speeding down a hill&#xA;while maintaining your control, ski jumping might not be for you.&#xA;Speed isn't much of an issue when you're first starting out, but when&#xA;you progress to the higher ramps (40-meter and up), you will need to&#xA;feel comfortable skiing at a fast pace-sometimes up to 30 miles per&#xA;hour-to work up enough momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ski jump lessons are for all ages.&lt;/strong&gt;  Most ski jump areas give lessons for ages 5 and&#xA;up. In my adult-only class, there were about&#xA;six other beginning ski jumpers, including a 62 year old lady who was&#xA;taking ski jump classes with her 19 year old grandson!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You will start out on a tiny ramp.&lt;/strong&gt;   Beginning ski jumpers don't climb to the&#xA;top of that big, scary ramp and hurl themselves down, catapulting&#xA;themselves into midair-they work their way up to it. I started out on&#xA;a 10-meter jump, which is very common ramp height for first-time ski&#xA;jumpers. Don't let the height scare you away! The 10-meter measurement&#xA;refers to the distance a skier can get from the jump, not its height.&#xA;The 10-meter jump is only a few inches high-you're barely off the&#xA;ground. As your skill level improves, the instructor will move you to&#xA;steeper and higher ramps. The instructor will never move you to a hill&#xA;that's too dangerous for your ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-downhill-skiing-snow-sports-mount-rainier-national-park-ashford-sidwcmdev_052929.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 article&lt;/a&gt; shares some information about how Mitch Kaplan learned to ski jump at Olympic Park in Park City, Utah:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They call the program Public Ski Jumping, and &lt;strong&gt;anyone who can downhill&#xA;ski at an intermediate level or better is invited to join&lt;/strong&gt;. You use&#xA;your own skis and boots; the Park rents helmets. &amp;quot;In two hours, we&#xA;have beginners jumping off the 18-meter jump.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author notes that his group starts off practicing on small snow bumps, before graduating to a 10-meter ramp and ending at an 18-meter ramp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will need to be comfortable with downhill skiing (in a straight line at high speeds) in order to have enough momentum for good jumps. If you're starting out on the smaller beginner's ramps, multiple jumps per day shouldn't be too tough on the body (depending on your physical condition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-06-04T23:45:27.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="661" CreationDate="2012-03-29T21:03:53.037" Score="17" ViewCount="9747" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a sports enthusiast who has tried out many ball sports through-out my life with years of training in football (read: &quot;soccer&quot; if you are American) and basketball, as well as many hours of experience/play time in tennis and table tennis, although no formal training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several years back I decided to give a shot to squash with a friend, both never even watched a game at that point. By reading and watching and asking, I got to a level where I think I know the basics of the game. Since I am familiar with ball sports, I don't find it hard to follow the ball or use the walls/bounces to my best advantage. However I don't think I have the best technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question; when I watch videos of pros or the people who compete in my town, I realize that they use the wrist to create a whip effect, or at least that's my interpretation of it. I believe I tend to be more stale in an effort to keep the racket in balance when striking the ball. I am not sure if I'd be able to deliver much power if ended up hitting the ball with a wrist-powered shot, compared to a whole-arm strike which puts much of the strain on the shoulders and the chest. Am I doing something wrong? Is it common practice to use the wrist in squash? Could it be so that my racket is simply too heavy for me (alt. I am not strong enough in my wrist to deliver proper shots with my racket?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any tips!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2012-03-30T08:10:09.853" LastActivityDate="2012-04-05T01:58:08.850" Title="Achieving the optimal strike in squash: Is the wrist involved at all?" Tags="|technique|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-03-29T21:45:28.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of quick additions, which I have not seen mentioned in previous answers (it's late and I am very tired so I might have missed, if that's the case I'll remove this answer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a scenarios which might be confusing; a player is not off-side if;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;beyond the second lass defender but the pass to him comes from a team mate that is further ahead of him i.e. if the pass is backwards (similar to rugby)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Understand-Offside-in-Soccer-%28Football%29&quot;&gt;pretty nice guide&lt;/a&gt; which explains the concept in detail, with illustrations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T21:45:28.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2012-03-29T21:57:49.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that the sweeper role IS somewhat obsolete, partially because what has been already taken up by others but also because defense mentality has changed quite a bit with the development of the game, and the training that goes with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this scenario, would you like your last defender to be behind your main line of defense? Obviously the schematic you have is just sketch but in truth if your sweeper is the last security in defense he would need to be behind everybody else, in case the team mates mess up. So a long diagonal cross, or a well placed through ball, would tear that defense to shreds without the problem of off-side call. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as the attackers become more intelligent and fluid in their movement, so did the center backs (&quot;DC&quot; for manager fans :)) Most teams have their DCs seeing over the game, cutting any attempts to penetrate the line. Depending on the number of strikers the opponent team has the DCs might even alternate the responsibility of sweeping the line through out the game. Especially with the now popular 4-3-3 layout, there's usually one strong attacker which plays &quot;pivot&quot; while two fast and technically skilled wingers use the width. In that scenario the one DC would mark closely while the other would keep distance and orchestrate the defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The DM is a whole different story though by the way...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T21:57:49.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2012-03-29T22:36:28.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question is whether the sweeper position is obsolete; then the answer is no.  For example Sam Allardyce's West Ham United currently play a sweeper in James Tomkins.  It can be observed in the MLS as well where Thorsten Frings occupies this position for Toronto (the first playing more behind the defense and the second playing behind the midfield). Also, a 'keeper can occupy this position, if not in the traditional sense.  However, whether or not this is an effective system is another matter!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-03-29T22:36:28.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="611" CreationDate="2012-03-29T22:44:01.687" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I know, from being on holiday in skiing countries, there are a few &quot;beginner&quot; jumps in most ski resorts.  Baby jumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T15:30:22.397" LastActivityDate="2012-05-31T15:30:22.397" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="614" CreationDate="2012-03-30T23:06:24.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, according to an excerpt from this UK &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squashsite.co.uk/squash_tips.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;squash tips page&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So compact your stroke by remembering to keep your elbow in and to use your wrist as much as possible.&lt;/strong&gt; Raise your shoulders, making&#xA;your head position lower between them. Keep your knees bent and stay&#xA;in the crouch position. A good practice technique is to crouch and&#xA;have your elbow and knee meet at the point of contact with the ball.&#xA;Not all players can do this. But, with time and with good footwork, it&#xA;can be done. Practicing volleys can also help shorten your swing.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;But, the wrist is the best mechanism in getting your swing and power to potential.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other pages also mention footwork and positioning as being important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-03-30T23:06:24.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="627" CreationDate="2012-04-01T19:57:10.230" Score="8" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems a big deal is made about athletic directors getting permission before recruiting other schools' coaches. Is this based on some rule or is it more of a professional courtesy? And under what conditions can permission be denied?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="367" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T18:43:15.090" Title="In college sports, why is permission needed to recruit other coaches?" Tags="|collegiate|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-04-02T06:29:43.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bat speed in cricket is the velocity that a batter can achieve with his customized slab of English willow, But i believe there is no standard of how to measure it has been accepted. &#xA;It is largely the television channels that measure the speed of bat and it is from the video their cameras capture. Its mostly the speed of swing from stationary position to hitting the ball position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nature of pitch surely affects the pace of ball. A dry dusty pitch and a very damp pitch is slower because the ball grips and holds to the surface more. A skiddy kind of pitch with a little moisture will have a slight increase in pace due lower value of coefficient of friction. The difference in pace caused by difference in the texture of the pitch is less than 5mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T06:29:43.267" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-04-02T08:55:37.637" Score="12" ViewCount="25695" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are 5 runs awarded if the ball hits the helmet behind the wicket-keeper?&#xA;Is it mandatory to keep helmet in ground? To avoid 5 extra runs, can fielding team  keep the helmet outside the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T09:46:55.013" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T09:46:55.013" Title="Why are 5 runs awarded if the ball hits the helmet?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2013-08-22T07:38:42.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="626" CreationDate="2012-04-02T09:43:58.577" Score="9" ViewCount="1036" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have skills in archery but I am interested in introducing my children to archery via archery schools. I heard that archery is a good sport that will increase our focus power and our control power to emotion. I don't know when is exactly the right time to introduce my son to learn archery. Are there any good references about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="369" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-04-02T22:11:56.517" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T22:11:56.517" Title="When can I start to let my child attend to archery course?" Tags="|training|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-04-02T10:16:59.380" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is given as a penalty for stopping or obstructing the course of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T10:16:59.380" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="624" CreationDate="2012-04-02T18:30:07.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you live in the United States, you can check out the &lt;strong&gt;Junior Olympic Archery Development&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://usarchery.org/programs/joad-youth-archery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(JOAD) website&lt;/a&gt;, which is affiliated with USA Archery. For other countries, a visit to FITA (Federation Internationale de Tir a l'Arc) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.archery.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; might be a good starting point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The JOAD site contains a &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usoc.org/assets/documents/attached_file/filename/16480/JOAD_FAQ.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FAQ&lt;/a&gt; that describes aspects of the program. The JOAD site itself notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;JOAD is open to any youth archer &lt;strong&gt;aged 8 to 20&lt;/strong&gt; and is designed to grow&#xA;  with the youth archer. Introductory JOAD classes teach the&#xA;  fundamentals of proper shooting form; as the young archer develops,&#xA;  they will learn more advanced techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that description, it appears that children that are at least eight years old can start training. Of course, parents know their children best and may be able to start them off at a younger age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T18:30:07.243" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="620" CreationDate="2012-04-02T18:43:15.090" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the same factors are in play for both college and professional leagues. At the end of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2012/01/17/Bears-asst-coach-denied-interview/UPI-59411326814713/&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, the writer notes that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The only time a team is required to grant permission for assistants&#xA;  who are under contract to interview with other teams is for head&#xA;  coaching positions. Interviews for other types of positions are at the&#xA;  discretion of team officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Schools may request permission to interview coaches for a few reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Professional courtesy: they'd want to have the same courtesy extended when other schools wish to speak with their coaches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some coaches may be under contract: in these cases, schools may permission to speak with coaches under contract to prevent breach of contract lawsuits&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The rule specified in the article above applies only to the NFL, which has additional rules governing the coaching interview process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-02T18:43:15.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-04-03T04:29:24.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is regarded as a penalty. And has been approved as the law of game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T04:29:24.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="630" CreationDate="2012-04-03T10:51:42.683" Score="30" ViewCount="27089" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of laps in a F1 race seem to differ wildly. Obviously the length of each lap varies from circuit to circuit, but how are the number of laps for each race decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, is this number chosen by the owners of the race track, or something decided by the FIA/ teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-10-31T15:14:14.623" LastActivityDate="2018-09-15T22:57:29.143" Title="How are the number of laps in an F1 race determined?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="629" CreationDate="2012-04-03T13:24:09.127" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of laps are decided by taking a distance of 305 km and dividing it by the length of a lap (rounded up), which varies from racetrack to racetrack. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/629/how-are-the-number-of-laps-in-an-f1-race-determined#comment781_630&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/9A195FD4A47DA4E1C12577F8004AA63E/$FILE/1-2011%20SPORTING%20REGULATIONS%2010-12-2010.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the official regulations&lt;/a&gt; (from 2011):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The distance of all races, from the start signal referred to in Article 38.9 to the chequered flag, shall be &#xA;  equal to &lt;strong&gt;the least number of complete laps which exceed a distance of 305 km (Monaco 260km)&lt;/strong&gt;. However, &#xA;  should two hours elapse before the scheduled race distance is completed, the leader will be shown the &#xA;  chequered flag when he crosses the control line (the Line) at the end of the lap during which the two hour &#xA;  period ended. However, should the race be suspended (see Article 41) the length of the suspension will be &#xA;  added to this period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="372" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-10-31T15:59:02.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="638" CreationDate="2012-04-03T17:15:35.440" Score="2" ViewCount="2136" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the US we seem to prefer oval races with high-speed banked turns to the street courses that seem to be favored in Europe.   Are there any &quot;superspeedway&quot; tracks in europe?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-04-06T16:31:42.213" Title="Are there any Oval Track races in Europe?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T21:15:12.830" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="639" CreationDate="2012-04-03T17:16:10.710" Score="13" ViewCount="1548" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it take to pass the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Competence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/a&gt;? Must you be willing to sail through the Mediterranean or hold a skipper license?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An International Certificate of Competence (ICC) is a certificate&#xA;which may be issued to anyone who has successfully completed certain&#xA;national boating licenses or has successfully passed an examination to&#xA;prove the necessary competence for pleasure craft operation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In very&#xA;general terms an ICC is required for the inland waterways of Europe&#xA;and for inland and coastal waters of Mediterranean countries. For the&#xA;coastal waters of Northern Europe the ICC is generally not required,&#xA;however to all of these generalisations there are exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T21:49:09.213" Title="What does it take to earn the International Certificate of Competence?" Tags="|sailing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="634" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-03T17:18:46.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about rules, equipment and experience related to sailing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-03T17:55:12.503" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T17:55:12.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="635" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-03T17:18:46.477" Score="0" Body="Questions related to sailing." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-03T17:55:15.343" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T17:55:15.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="637" CreationDate="2012-04-03T18:16:03.290" Score="17" ViewCount="2185" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stability of Brazil makes me wonder what will happen in 2016 if Brazil is not in a position to play host to the games.  Has this ever happened before?  Are there contingency plans for such an event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T20:03:17.900" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T20:03:17.900" Title="Has the Olympic host nation ever been changed after it was announced" Tags="|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="636" CreationDate="2012-04-03T19:39:49.647" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1976 Olympics are probably the closest example available. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, Denver was originally scheduled to host the 1976 Winter Olympics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The games were originally awarded to Denver in May 12, 1970, but a 300&#xA;percent rise in costs and worries about environmental impact led to&#xA;Colorado voters' rejection on November 7, 1972, by a 3 to 2 margin, of&#xA;a $5 million bond issue to finance the games with public funds.&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Denver officially withdrew on November 15, and the IOC then offered&#xA;the games to Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, but they too declined&#xA;owing to a change of government following elections. Whistler would go&#xA;on to be associated with neighbouring Vancouver's successful bid for&#xA;the 2010 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salt Lake City, Utah, which would eventually host in 2002, offered&#xA;itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC,&#xA;still reeling from the Denver rejection, declined and &lt;strong&gt;selected&#xA;Innsbruck, which had hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics games&lt;/strong&gt; twelve&#xA;years earlier, on February 5, 1973.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably, per Wikipedia (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Summer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Winter&lt;/a&gt;, the host sites for the 1940 Games were also to be replaced, had the Olympics not been canceled due to the onset of World War II:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The anticipated 1940 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of&#xA;the XII Olympiad and originally scheduled to be held from September 21&#xA;to October 6, 1940, in Tokyo, Japan, were cancelled due to the&#xA;outbreak of World War II. Tokyo was stripped of its host status for&#xA;the Games by the IOC after the renunciation by the Japanese of the&#xA;IOC's Cairo Conference of 1938, due to the outbreak of the Second&#xA;Sino-Japanese War. The government of Japan had abandoned its support&#xA;for the 1940 Games in July 1938. The IOC then awarded the Games to&#xA;Helsinki, Finland, the runner-up in the original bidding process. The&#xA;Games were then scheduled to be staged from July 20 to August 4, 1940.&#xA;The Olympic Games were suspended indefinitely following the outbreak&#xA;of World War II and did not resume until the London Games of 1948.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The games were cancelled due to the onset of World War II. Sapporo was&#xA;selected to be the host of the fifth edition Winter Olympics scheduled&#xA;February 3-12, 1940, but Japan gave the Games back to the IOC in July&#xA;1938, after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.&#xA;Sapporo subsequently hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IOC then&#xA;decided to give the Winter Olympics to St Moritz, Switzerland, which&#xA;had hosted in 1928. Due to controversies between the Swiss organizing&#xA;team and the IOC, the Games were withdrawn again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the spring of&#xA;1939, the IOC gave the 1940 Winter Olympics, now scheduled for&#xA;February 2-11, to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, where the previous&#xA;1936 games had been held. Three months later Germany invaded Poland on&#xA;September 1 to ignite World War II, and the Winter Games were&#xA;cancelled in November. Likewise, the 1944 games, awarded in 1939 to&#xA;Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, were cancelled in 1941.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IOC would select an alternate host site, probably at a site that had hosted recently to ensure that the requisite facilities would be in place. Innsbruck had hosted the 1964 Games, and were thus chosen as the alternate host.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T20:23:15.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="632" CreationDate="2012-04-03T20:31:55.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed. But the emphasis with respect to oval racing is in the US it seems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I'm no expert in car races, I've had to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_track_racing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lookup Wikipedia's opinion on oval tracks being called &lt;em&gt;speedways&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. However, the name &quot;speedway&quot; also seems to be in use for motorcycle races (on tar, and off-road) as well as for ice speed skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovalkurs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;German Wikipedia mostly lists the US Tracks&lt;/a&gt; but does mention one track in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rockingham.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UK: Rockingham&lt;/a&gt; which claims to be the fastest in Europe, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lausitzring.de/besucherportal/strecke-areal/gelaendeuebersicht.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lausitzring in Germany&lt;/a&gt; (German language only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="328" LastEditDate="2012-04-06T16:31:42.213" LastActivityDate="2012-04-06T16:31:42.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="633" CreationDate="2012-04-03T21:49:09.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the International Yacht Training &lt;a href=&quot;http://iytworld.com/courses.php?bp=571&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC page&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Completed ICC Application Form&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jpeg format headshot photograph&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scanned copy of passport or national identification&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scanned ICC Examination Form completed by the IYT Worldwide partner school that conducted the examination.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CEVNI Test - if completed (this is only required for inland waterways such as the French canals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What skills and Knowledge are required to obtain an ICC?&lt;/strong&gt; To receive an ICC, candidates are required to prove competency in&#xA;handling a boat with sufficient knowledge of navigation procedures,&#xA;pilotage, safety procedures and the International Regulations for the&#xA;prevention of collisions at sea. This can be done by examination or by&#xA;evaluating existing boating qualifications. The examination can be&#xA;taken on either a powerboat or sailboat depending on the endorsement&#xA;required and usually takes about 4-6 hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Syllabus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1) Preparation for sea&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Checklist and mechanical check&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2) Short Passage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each candidate executes a short pre-planned passage as skipper&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Testing of the following is required:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coming alongside / berthing / unberthing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Man overboard recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;360 degree turn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Navigation skills&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 point turn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handling under sail ( for sail endorsement)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handling under power ( for power endorsement)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3) Theory test&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Collision regulations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Navigation lights&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shapes and sounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bouyage (IALA A &amp;amp; B)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Harbour pilotage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VHF Radio&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variation &amp;amp; deviation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chartwork /symbols &amp;amp; abbreviations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tides- height of tide and drying height&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basic position fixing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Weather&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Course to steer to counteract tide or current&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Set &amp;amp; drift / leeway&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pilotage- required for coastal knowledge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-04-03T21:49:09.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="640" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="641" CreationDate="2012-04-04T10:36:02.753" Score="6" ViewCount="560" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain (in words, images, video) how to perform an &lt;em&gt;ollie&lt;/em&gt; on a skateboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="374" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T12:23:36.563" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T12:29:34.890" Title="How to ollie on a skateboard?" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="640" CreationDate="2012-04-04T12:03:34.997" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;To ollie you need to do the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Take your rear foot (when I rode I rode goofy, so that would be my left foot) and place it on the tail of the board.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Place your front foot right just behind the front truck.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stomp down with your rear foot. This is called the Pop.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simultaneously slide your front foot forward and jump in the air. This motion should carry the board with your feet as you jump.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UP-umM5Y-Xk&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a youtube video explaining it. Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T12:03:34.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2012-04-04T15:35:17.120" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is LEGAL to switch racket &quot;handed-ness&quot; during play. From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Rules/Rules-and-Line-Calls/Misc_Rules/&quot;&gt;USTA web site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q. I am a left-handed tennis player. During play, I have found that I&#xA;  can hit the tennis ball almost as well with my right hand as I do with&#xA;  my left. &lt;em&gt;Do USTA rules forbid players to switch hands during play?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. No. &lt;strong&gt;You can play with either hand.&lt;/strong&gt; In fact, three-time USTA&#xA;  national champion Marty Devlin of Trenton, NJ has employed this “two&#xA;  forehands” style since he started playing tennis. The old joke when&#xA;  people were preparing to play Marty was to hit to his backhand. But,&#xA;  alas, he has no backhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I have cousins in the Miami area who have played tennis with Jai alai players who will switch handed-ness frequently even during the same point / rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="232" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T15:35:17.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="643" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:03:45.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The marathon is a long-distance running event with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26 miles and 385 yards). &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T17:22:18.843" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T17:22:18.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="644" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:03:45.293" Score="0" Body="Questions about rules, equipment and training related to marathons (long-distance running)." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:54:15.287" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:54:15.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="645" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:05:53.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players. The game has parallels to American baseball, and derives from the same family of bat-and-ball games, but has many key differences in form and thus in gameplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket is played in a symmetrical oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long &quot;pitch&quot;, containing a &quot;crease&quot; at each end. Two sets of three sticks, each set called a &quot;wicket&quot;, are set in the ground at each end of the pitch behind the creases. Across the top of each wicket lie horizontal pieces called bails. The ball used is composed of cork skinned with two half-spheres of leather, usually a dark red, and finished with three lines of white or yellow stitching parallel to the center seam. The bat used is made from laminated wood, flat on one side with a ridge along the back, slightly curved forward toward the tip, with maximum total length and width of 38&quot;x4.25&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two teams, or sides, take turns at batting and bowling (pitching); each turn batting is called an “innings” (always plural). Each side will have one or two innings in a match, depending on the prearranged duration of the match, the object being to score more runs during the allotted innings than the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play begins with the bowler (pitcher), who starts with the ball at the center of the pitch facing a batsman at one of the creases (there will be a second batsman behind him). The bowler will throw the ball with a straight arm in an overhand motion, so that it bounces once before reaching the crease. The bowler's objective is to hit the wickets with the ball, causing the bails to fall. If he does this, that batsman is dismissed or &quot;put out&quot;, and when 10 of the 11 batsmen on the side have been dismissed, the innings are over and the teams switch roles. The bowler will throw six pitches in succession to one crease, called an &quot;over&quot;, before turning around to deliver the next six to the opposite crease. There is usually no limit to how long two batsmen can play, however in the interest of time an &quot;overs limit&quot; can be imposed, where regardless of the number of batsmen dismissed or runs scored, the innings is over after a certain number of total pitches by the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The job of the batsmen is to defend the wickets and thus avoid being put out, and to score runs by safely hitting the ball into play in the surrounding field. To do this, the batsman will swing at the ball with the bat as it approaches. A number of basic swing styles are seen, typically grouped into offensive swings (similar to baseball style swings, trying to hit safely to score runs) and defensive swings (more a blocking motion similar to a bunt, to protect the wickets and avoid being put out). The batsman may only intentionally contact the ball with the bat; handling or blocking the ball with the body dismiss the batsman, though batsmen often wear protective padding to guard against errant throws. A ball is safely hit when it leaves the area of the pitch and bounces at least once on the ground without being caught in the air by a fielder. A fielder who catches the ball in the air dismisses the batsman who hit it with no runs scored, known as being &quot;caught out&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is hit safely, the two batsmen can run between the creases, touching the crease with a hand, before turning and running to the opposite crease again. Each time the two batsmen &quot;swap creases&quot; this way, they score a run, worth a point. If the fielding team can get the ball back to the pitch by carrying or throwing it, the bowler or a wicket-keeper (a fielding player behind each wicket) may try to tag out a running batsman by touching him with the ball while he is not touching a crease (or if both players end up touching the same crease). A batsman may also score runs by hitting the ball out of the field of play, which is called a &quot;boundary&quot;; four runs are scored if the ball bounces before leaving the field, while six are scored if the ball leaves the field in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings. In a &lt;em&gt;Test&lt;/em&gt; match, each team has two innings, but in a &lt;em&gt;One-Day International&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Twenty20 International&lt;/em&gt; match each team has only one innings. After all allotted innings have been completed, the team with most runs scored wins. In case of a tie (which is less likely than in baseball but possible), extra innings, often with an overs limit, may be played until one team is ahead after a pair of innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cricket_Council&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Cricket Council (ICC)&lt;/a&gt; is the international governing body of cricket . But it is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MCC&lt;/a&gt; which revised the Laws of Cricket in 1788 and continues to reissue them (from time to time), and remains the copyright holder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested Reads :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/rules_and_regulations.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Rules and Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia on Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary_of_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Glossary of Cricket Terms&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T07:16:58.217" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T07:16:58.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="646" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:05:53.590" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of cricket." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:41:47.117" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:41:47.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="647" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:07:22.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ice hockey, the most popular form of hockey in most geographic regions, is a &quot;ball and goal&quot; full-contact sport played by two teams on a frozen ice surface. Instead of a ball as used in other hockey variants like field and roller hockey and in the similar sports of lacrosse and polo, the game is played with a thick disk of vulcanized rubber called a &quot;puck&quot;. The puck is propelled along the ice (and sometimes through the air) by sticks with a flat blade carried by the players, who wear skates to move efficiently on the ice. The object of the game is to send the puck into the opponent's goal net to score a point, and the team who has scored the most points after three &quot;periods&quot; of play wins the game; one period is typically 15 minutes for amateur leagues, 20 for professional and international leagues. Players wear ice skates for propulsion, and protective pads to guard against hits from the puck or from opposing players' sticks or bodies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional and high-level amateur leagues allow full-body contact to force players off the puck or otherwise interfere with their play. Offensive body blows, called &quot;checks&quot;, are allowed in many common situations, but aggressive or restraining motions against a player made with arms, hands, legs, skate blades, or the stick, as well as &quot;roughing&quot; (an unnecessary check made against a player who is away from the active play), are typically illegal. In addition, many recreational leagues use &quot;no-check&quot; rules variations, where any offensive checking between players is penalized as &quot;roughing&quot; but other forms of contact (such as defending against an oncoming player by leaning into a hit) may still be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team typically has between 15 and 25 players available to use in a single game, depending on the league. Six of these players may be on the ice at any given time, usually five &quot;skaters&quot; (three &quot;forwards&quot;, including two &quot;wingers&quot; and one &quot;center&quot;, and two &quot;defensemen&quot;) and one &quot;goalie&quot;, although in certain situations the team may use six skaters and play with an &quot;empty net&quot;. Skaters typically wear a helmet (with or without a visor or face cage), shoulder and chest pads, pants with pads over the tailbone and around the waist and upper leg, shin and knee pads with a hard outer shell in front, and skates with a thin, curved blade allowing high maneuverability while skating both forward and backward. The goalie, charged with preventing the puck from going in the net by any means necessary, is allowed to use special, more protective equipment, including wide, thick leg pads, a mask similar to modern baseball catcher's masks, a thick chest and arm protector, a wider stick, a &quot;blocker&quot; glove on the hand holding the stick and a &quot;catch&quot; glove on the non-stick hand. They also use special skates with a thicker, flatter blade that allows the goalie to more easily slide sideways off the skates into defensive positions. The goalie is the sole player for each team allowed to grab and hold the puck with their hands, or purposely cover it with their legs and body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hockey is different from many other sports in that substitutions are allowed to be made &quot;on the fly&quot; without requiring a stoppage in play. Players may, at any point, simply skate to the bench and be replaced by the next available player for that position. Both players may be touching the ice at the same time, but as long as both are on the ice neither one may be &quot;involved in play&quot; and so players are encouraged to make changes quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two main variants of hockey are played on ice. The main variant, simply called ice hockey, is played in an ice skating rink; the exact dimensions vary depending on the league and level of competition, with the Winter Olympics and the international leagues using a wider sheet of ice (the same size as is used for &quot;short track&quot; speed skating) than for North American leagues including the NHL. The rink has a center line, two &quot;blue lines&quot; indicating each team's &quot;defensive zone&quot; (where certain rules such as off-sides apply while moving the puck into these zones), two goal lines and several &quot;face-off circles&quot; and &quot;face-off dots&quot; used to restart play after a stoppage, plus a wall around the playing surface with curved corners, helping to keep the puck in play and moving. Above the wall, plexiglass panels again help keep the puck in play while allowing spectators a close-in look at the action. Two nets, one on each goal line, are anchored to the ice with &quot;breakaway&quot; mounts (often a shallow spike) that prevent injury from a player colliding with the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other variant is pond hockey, and is played on a natural body of water that has frozen over. The playing area is larger, but no walls are used (although there are boards to keep the puck in bounds), and the goal is much shorter (in fact only tall enough to allow the puck to pass through while sliding along the surface of the ice). There is usually not a designated goalie (and no special equipment is allowed), and the game is a &quot;non-contact&quot; sport (although players often still wear protective helmets and some pads).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sled hockey is a variant of ice hockey used in competitions for the physically challenged; players sit on special sleds, and propel themselves with their hands, using shorter sticks to play the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A related game often played casually is &quot;broomball&quot;; the game is played on a standard hockey rink, with ice that has been &quot;roughed up&quot; either by previous ice hockey play or by deliberate resurfacing. Players wear regular athletic shoes (no cleats) and any protective pads they may deem necessary to reduce injuries from falls, and use a broom or similar implement to push around an inflatable ball (the official ball is about the size of a canteloupe, but a larger soccer ball is common) and try to get it into their opponents' goal (the same nets as used for hockey).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roller or inline hockey has much the same rules and equipment as ice hockey, but is played on a hard paved surface (often sealed concrete) by players wearing inline roller skates, using a hard hollow (non-inflatable) ball. It is often seen in the summer seasons and/or in warmer climates where naturally-occurring ice is rare, as a cheaper alternative to purpose-built ice rinks and the required refrigeration mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-hockey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-25T20:17:54.983" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T20:17:54.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="648" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:07:22.467" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of ice hockey." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T17:26:09.080" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T17:26:09.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="649" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:12:03.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skiing is a way of traveling over snow, using skis strapped to the feet. In modern times it has been mostly an athletic activity. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding. Commonly, ski poles or &quot;stocks&quot; are used to improve balance and timing as well as for propulsion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:42:06.717" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:42:06.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="650" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:12:03.753" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of skiing." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:23:44.577" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:23:44.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="651" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:14:09.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiki Text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing players&#xA;  (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on&#xA;  opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net.&#xA;  Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racket so&#xA;  that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the&#xA;  court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes&#xA;  over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile whose unique&#xA;  aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently than the balls used&#xA;  in most racket sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher&#xA;  drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball.&#xA;  Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other&#xA;  racket sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind,&#xA;  competitive badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played&#xA;  outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach&#xA;  game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events:&#xA;  men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed&#xA;  doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman. At high&#xA;  levels of play, especially in singles, the sport demands excellent&#xA;  fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, explosive strength,&#xA;  speed and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good&#xA;  motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racket&#xA;  movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tag can be used on itself or in combination with other tags:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/badminton&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged 'badminton'&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;badminton&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/equipment&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged 'equipment'&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;equipment&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/badminton&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged 'badminton'&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;badminton&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/racket&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged 'racket'&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;racket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-09T21:37:14.087" LastActivityDate="2013-07-09T21:37:14.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="652" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:14:09.773" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of badminton." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T16:44:23.013" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T16:44:23.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="653" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:15:48.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions related to fitness.&#xA;If your question is mostly related to fitness , consider posting it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://fitness.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;http://fitness.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T17:22:06.737" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T17:22:06.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="654" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:15:48.523" Score="0" Body="Questions related to fitness.&#xD;&#xA;If your question is mostly related to fitness, consider posting it on http://fitness.stackexchange.com/" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:26:35.213" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:26:35.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="655" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:16:25.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions related to martial-arts.&#xA;If your question is mostly related to martial arts, consider posting it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://martialarts.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;http://martialarts.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T17:21:52.777" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T17:21:52.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="656" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:16:25.013" Score="0" Body="Questions related to martial-arts.&#xD;&#xA;If your question is mostly related to martial arts, consider posting it on http://martialarts.stackexchange.com/" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T17:21:49.390" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T17:21:49.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="657" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:20:39.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits. Other devices, commonly referred to as terminal tackle, are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish. Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels. Lures are frequently used in place of bait. Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies. The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is known as angling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Big-game fishing is conducted from boats to catch large open-water species such as tuna, sharks and marlin. Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities. One method of growing popularity is kayak fishing. Kayaks are stealthy and allow anglers to reach areas not fishable from land or by conventional boat. In addition, fishing from kayaks is regarded by some as an effort to level the playing field, to a degree, with their quarry and/or to challenge their angling abilities further by bringing an additional level of complexity to their sport. Historically, sport fishing has attracted greater interest among males. Women and girls represent barely 10% of the angling community, yet those who do enter the sport are often extremely successful, and at the highest levels of competitive angling, their results are comparable to those of their male counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_fishing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_fishing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:25.843" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:25.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="658" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:20:39.873" Score="0" Body="Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:29.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:29.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="659" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:25:51.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Post questions about bouldering, buildering, canyoning, chalk climbing, competition climbing, ice climbing, lead climbing, mountain climbing, net climbing, pole climbing, rock climbing, rope climbing, scrambling, tree climbing or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorUserId="335" LastEditDate="2012-04-04T17:34:49.030" LastActivityDate="2012-04-04T17:34:49.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="660" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-04T17:25:51.817" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of climbing." OwnerUserId="335" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:57:45.200" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:57:45.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="614" CreationDate="2012-04-05T01:58:08.850" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a lifelong squash player and what I'd say is don't worry so much about the wrist. You're going to use the wrist naturally as you make a full swing. You can add a bit of wrist at the point of impact to impart a little extra power, especially if you've taken a short backswing or you want to surprise your opponent by flicking the ball cross-court at the last second. But by and large, the wrist is a small percentage of your power. The real power comes from your LEGS. Step into each shot, move your arms through as you hit, and sure, use a bit of wrist, and you'll have yourself a powerful squash stroke. Keep up the playing, glad to see squash players out there!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="375" LastActivityDate="2012-04-05T01:58:08.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="662" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="671" CreationDate="2012-04-05T09:46:20.317" Score="6" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read that the Turkish football federation has introduced some sort of a play-off/final-4 phase to the top division football, where the top 4 teams play 2-leg matches against one another AFTER the regular season is over to decide on which team gets the title. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that it's common practice in the U.S. so I can imagine that MLS employs this as well. I find it very peculiar and to be honest unfair. Are there any leagues in Europe where a system like this is/has been in use? I am wondering if there are any pros/cons of this &quot;super final&quot; system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:06:45.947" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:06:45.947" Title="Playoff/Final-4 style end-phase in football" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="664" CreationDate="2012-04-05T09:50:34.753" Score="32" ViewCount="78527" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen many soccer matches. I often see that players enter the field with children. Why do they enter with the children?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-27T23:49:37.027" LastActivityDate="2022-10-29T03:16:52.873" Title="Why do players enter with children on the ground?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="663" CreationDate="2012-04-05T10:27:01.273" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;The children are mascots. Each club may employ a different policy about how to become a mascot, but generally includes some of the following criteria;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether you are a season ticket holder/ member&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Between a certain age&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether it's your birthday, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being a mascot gives you an experience which again depends on what team you're a mascot for but could generally include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting a tour of the stadium&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting to meet the players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting given (signed?) merchandise&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting to walk out with the players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting to warm up with the players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From searching &quot;How to become match day mascot&quot; on Google, you can see some of the packages each each offers (taken from the first page of results);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/Mascots&quot;&gt;Aston Villa FC&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Junior Membership &amp;amp; Match Mascots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.portsmouthfc.co.uk/news/article/201415-mascot-packages-1709593.aspx&quot;&gt;Portsmouth FC&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Mascot Packages&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/junior/become-a-mascot/&quot;&gt;Tottenham Hotspur FC&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Become A Mascot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ctfc.com/fans/mascots/&quot;&gt;Cheltenham Town FC&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#8212; Mascots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="1681" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T16:21:37.950" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T16:21:37.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="662" CreationDate="2012-04-05T13:40:46.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the best team is not reflected in the win/loss ratio.  Injuries, unequal schedules, and other factors can give advantages/disadvantages to teams.  A play off takes the teams with the best records and gives them a chance to advance to the finals by competing against the best teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sports are also about the fans.  The fans like to see the best teams play.  The playoffs give the fans that experience in a winner takes all reward.  Sometimes in the regular season the teams may not give 100% since the season is long and the strategy of holding some back is effective.  In the play off format there is no reason to hold back. Both teams can give their all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also adds some competitiveness to the regular season as teams that are on the verge of making the playoffs will play harder.  In a non playoff scenario the victor could be determined well before the end of the season.  There is nothing left to play for leaving the end of the season bland when it should be exciting.  To top it off the game that secures a teams victory could be played by a different team.  This deprives the champions and their fans the thrill of winning a game to win it all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-04-05T13:40:46.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="331" CreationDate="2012-04-05T17:32:16.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, polyester / polyester blends are more lightweight than cotton, especially when cotton gets heavier as it gets soaked with sweat. This also helps with runners as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nike has Dri-FIT. Adidas has ClimaCool. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="232" LastActivityDate="2012-04-05T17:32:16.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="668" CreationDate="2012-04-05T17:53:49.060" Score="9" ViewCount="2768" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a friend that is 16 and wants to do a half marathon this year. From what i know its not recommended to run great distances as a half marathon under the age of 18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any scientifical studies about age and long distance running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="28" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T05:08:49.423" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T05:08:49.423" Title="What is the best age to start running distances longer than 15k / halfmarathon?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2012-04-05T18:51:16.863" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/515033-running-guidelines-for-kids/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; in LiveStrong:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Distance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Running Times, the maximum recommended distance&#xA;for young runners varies by age. Kids younger than age 5 can&#xA;participate in designated kiddie events but should focus primarily on&#xA;running as part of natural play. By age 5, kids are ready for light&#xA;training leading up to a mile-long run. Preteens and early teens can&#xA;manage 5K runs, and some early teens are ready for a 10K. Older teens&#xA;are generally ready to compete on an adult level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rapidly growing bones and muscles are increased risks for injuries&#xA;such as shin splints. Undiagnosed medical conditions such as asthma or&#xA;heart defects can affect a child's ability to participate in&#xA;high-impact sports. &lt;strong&gt;Schedule your child for a full sports physical&#xA;before beginning serious training. Follow the doctor's recommendations&#xA;for training schedules, rest breaks and cross training in other&#xA;sports.&lt;/strong&gt; Have any injuries or persistent pain thoroughly checked. Make&#xA;sure your child drinks plenty of water or sports drinks, warms up&#xA;thoroughly before each workout, and cools down appropriately at the&#xA;end of each session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-238-267--13034-F,00.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Runner's World&lt;/a&gt; also discussed running and age:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Framing marathon performance as an age issue is wrong, says Terrence&#xA;Mahon, coach to Olympic marathoners Deena Kastor, Ryan Hall, and&#xA;Mahon's wife, Jen Rhines. What's key, says Mahon, isn't chronological&#xA;age but athletic age—a runner's history of aerobic training—and that&#xA;goes for elites and nonelites alike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, coaches worried that turning to the marathon too soon&#xA;would unduly shorten a runner's career. [Coach Brad] Hudson ran his first marathon&#xA;at age 12. &amp;quot;I think it hurt my career to go to the marathon so young,&amp;quot;&#xA;says Hudson, who set his PR (2:13) at 23. Today, he doesn't advise&#xA;kids to begin racing marathons as young as he did, but he says that&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;high school and collegiate runners can handle high volumes of training&#xA;if they increase their mileage gradually and take steps to avoid&#xA;burnout.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What successful young marathoners like Wanjiru have in common with&#xA;older ones like Tomescu–Dita is a solid mileage base. &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;There are&#xA;athletes out there running marathons at 21, but if you look at most of&#xA;them, you'll see they've had a high training volume for a good many&#xA;years before they've run the event&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; Mahon says. &amp;quot;Ryan Hall and Dathan&#xA;Ritzenhein were running 90 miles per week in high school, so for them&#xA;to make the transition to 100—mile weeks wasn't so hard.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, young runners outside the elite ranks don't need to attain&#xA;that kind of mileage. &lt;strong&gt;But the same principle applies—to prepare for&#xA;the marathon, first build a strong endurance base, then adopt a&#xA;graduated training program that builds to the marathon distance&lt;/strong&gt;, says&#xA;Jack Daniels, an exercise physiologist and head distance coach at the&#xA;Center for High Altitude Training at Northern Arizona University in&#xA;Flagstaff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, age is probably not the biggest factor - it's the amount of distance training that the athlete's body is conditioned for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T13:48:23.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="669" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="670" CreationDate="2012-04-05T21:09:10.393" Score="31" ViewCount="17024" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's imagine an &lt;strong&gt;ideal&lt;/strong&gt; situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player scores a goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before scoring, they deliberately handle the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;None of the referees notice the foul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee validates the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The scorer admits (before restarting game) to referee they committed a foul before scoring&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is: what should the referee do in this case?&lt;/strong&gt; Should they care about what the scorer said, change their mind and so changing their decision? Are there rules about this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll make an example to explain better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the match &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/match/64092/ac-milan-vs-juventus/report&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ac Milan - Juventus&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Massimiliano Allegri’s men were in the ascendancy, and should have been 2-0 up after 25 minutes, but for a controversial incident which saw a legitimate goal not given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Buffon initially did well to parry a header by Philippe Mexes from a corner, but hooked out Sulley Muntari’s rebound with the ball clearly over the line, sparking Milan celebrations. However, referee Paolo Tagliavento did not signal, and play continued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the game, Buffon declared that he didn't notice the goal, but even if he had noticed it he &lt;strong&gt;wouldn't have admitted to the referee&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question: would have made any difference if Buffon had seen and had explained to the referee the situation? I mean, if someone tries to be &lt;strong&gt;honest/fair&lt;/strong&gt; the referee wouldn't care at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="209" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T18:22:24.757" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T18:22:24.757" Title="Can referees change their decision?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="669" CreationDate="2012-04-05T23:03:21.320" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA's Law 5 from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game 2011-12&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decisions of the referee&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play,&#xA;  including  whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the&#xA;  match, are ﬁnal. The referee may only change a decision on realising&#xA;  that it is incorrect or, at his  discretion, on the advice of an&#xA;  assistant referee or the fourth ofﬁcial, &lt;strong&gt;provided  that he has not&#xA;  restarted play or terminated the match&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If play has not restarted, the referee can change the ruling. However, if play has restarted, no change can be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Changed answer to quote FIFA's Laws of the Game regarding referee decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-04-06T16:47:34.367" LastActivityDate="2012-04-06T16:47:34.367" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="662" CreationDate="2012-04-06T10:57:02.033" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well I would say that the primary motivation is to make more money. Take the Championship in England, the second tier of football, where the teams that finish the season first and second in the league gain automatic promotion to the Premiership, and the teams placed third to sixth enter a play-off.  In this play-off the team placed third plays the team in sixth and the team in fourth play the team in fifth to decide who goes to the play-off final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be very lucrative for the clubs involved and also for the broadcaster, in this case &lt;em&gt;Sky&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other leagues in Europe, such as the Welsh Premier League where there is a play-off to determine who qualifies for the continental competitions for the following season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-04-06T10:57:02.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2012-04-06T22:09:51.953" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, rule #24, which covers all the scenarios in which a player loses a point, does not forbid a player from switching the hand that holds the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24. PLAYER LOSES POINT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is lost if:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;a. The player serves two consecutive faults; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;b. The player does not return the ball in play before it bounces twice&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;consecutively; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;c. The player returns the ball in play so that it hits the ground, or before it bounces, an object, outside the correct court; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;d. The player returns the ball in play so that, before it bounces, it hits a permanent&#xA;fixture; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;e. The receiver returns the ser vice before it bounces; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;f.  The  player  deliberately  carries  or  catches  the  ball  in  play  on  the  racket or deliberately touches it with the racket more than once; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;g. The  player  or  the  racket,  whether  in  the  player’s  hand  or  not,  or  anything&#xA;which  the  player  is  wearing  or  carrying  touches  the  net,  net  posts/singles&#xA;sticks, cord or metal cable, strap or band, or the opponent’s court at any time&#xA;while the ball is in play; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;h. The player hits the ball before it has passed the net; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;i. The ball in play touches the player or anything that the player is wearing or&#xA;carrying, except the racket; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;j. The ball in play touches the racket when the player is not holding it; or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;k.  The  player  deliberately  and  materially  changes  the  shape  of  the  racket  when&#xA;the ball is in play; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;l. In doubles, both players touch the ball when returning it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address your second question:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Rule #24.j. states if the ball in play touches the racket when the player is not holding it, the player loses the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USTA Regulations IV.D. Table 17 provides an official with guidelines on when to assess a penalty for racket abuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guidelines state an official should &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; penalize throwing a racket that, even inadvertently, strikes a person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guidelines state an official should &lt;em&gt;generally&lt;/em&gt; penalize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing a racket into the fence or net&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing a racket in anger or in any manner that could or does endanger any person or that damages any part of the court surface or equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Breaking a racket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guidelines state an official should &lt;em&gt;sometimes&lt;/em&gt; penalize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tossing a racket into the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tossing a racket at the player’s bag&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bouncing a racket on the court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete &lt;strong&gt;Friend at Court&lt;/strong&gt; can be read &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/2012%20FRIEND%20AT%20COURT.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T13:10:48.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="673" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="679" CreationDate="2012-04-07T02:09:54.587" Score="9" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously, longer runs require longer recovery. Besides using something like gels and drinking water when running, is there anything else I can do to help my body from being depleated as much during long runs so I can recover faster afterwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="50" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T15:06:11.567" Title="Help Recover During Long Runs" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="673" CreationDate="2012-04-07T10:06:41.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The core aspects are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as you have mentioned, replenishment of water, salts and carbohydrates - using gels, drinks etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;training your body to cope with longer distances improves your recovery time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The training piece is the aspect you can improve over time, so concentrate on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-04-07T10:06:41.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="675" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-04-07T15:56:41.647" Score="-2" ViewCount="8192" Body="&lt;p&gt;What players currently playing in the NBA (2011-12) have the highest measured vertical reach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what players historically have had the highest vertical reach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find lots of rumours on the net, but is there a definitive source?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="382" LastActivityDate="2012-04-07T16:19:55.727" Title="What players have the highest vertical reach" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-04-13T12:50:39.173" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="675" CreationDate="2012-04-07T16:19:55.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sport Science did an episode about Dwight Howard and his vertical reach.  In that episode, they claim that Shaq held the record at 12'5&quot; and Dwight Howard hit 12'6&quot; ... You can see the segment &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8Wiq-POmFA&amp;amp;feature=related&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a video of a college player purportedly hitting 12'9&quot; . You can see that video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbVJ1IvYkaI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find a definitive list that has everything listed concisely, but I would venture to say that young, athletic centers are going to dominate the top end of that list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-04-07T16:19:55.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="677" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="781" CreationDate="2012-04-09T04:29:10.733" Score="10" ViewCount="12101" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching an IPL match I had this doubt. In the match the wicket keeper stood close to the 30 yard circle and the umpire Simon Tauffel came up to the wicket keeper and asked him to move forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any rules regarding the position of wicket keeper? If yes what are they?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T10:46:17.457" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T13:33:38.930" Title="Are there any rules regarding the position of the Wicket Keeper?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="677" CreationDate="2012-04-09T05:23:53.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes there are rules regarding the position of the wicket keeper check this link &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4180026.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4180026.stm&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incident that ur talking about is Dinesh Karthick stood at the end of 30 yards circle with one glove on. i don't think there any one glove rule. But a wicket keeper can have gloves only if he stands within the 30 yards circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastActivityDate="2012-04-09T05:23:53.913" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="673" CreationDate="2012-04-09T11:32:43.003" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was doing my distance training I found a litre of chocolate milk was a great cheap recovery drink.  Lots of carbs, protein, tasty, and available everywhere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friends find it amusing that every time an article is published suggesting this, they send me links, which I alas do not store.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But soon (15-30 minutes) after your long run is finished, have some carbs and protein.  Chocolate Milk is just an easy thing to handle at that point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-04-09T11:32:43.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="682" CreationDate="2012-04-09T14:08:13.457" Score="7" ViewCount="1798" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a goalie who got most of his experience just playing in local leagues, I never have had much practice in solo goalie drills. In general when I goto play in my local practice/scrimmage league, our instructors devote some time to just the offense and defense drills while myself as the goalie am left alone to stretch and do whatever until they're done. This isn't an extremely long time, as they don't want to leave me out, but the amount of time stretches for a bit longer then needed for just stretching out. Basically my question is, what are some drills I can do on my own for a short time while instructors work with the offense and defense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:48:29.553" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:48:29.553" Title="Solo goalie drills" Tags="|ice-hockey|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="680" CreationDate="2012-04-09T17:36:02.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were a few free online resources that discussed solo ice hockey goalie drills - most of these discussed skating and exercises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Livestrong.com lists a few solo drills in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/146272-goalie-skating-drills/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;online article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;W-Drill&lt;/strong&gt; - Going forward and backward while moving up and down to stop pucks is essential.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Triangle Agility Skating&lt;/strong&gt; - Long skating is not a goaltender's forte, but he must be able to move quickly over short bursts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also pointed to some other resources. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.besthockeydrills.com/hockey-drills/ice-hockey-goalie-drills.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one article&lt;/a&gt; (from Best Hockey Drills) listed these drills:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;W-Drill&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Y-Drill&lt;/strong&gt; - The Y-Drill is a slight variation of the W-Drill.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Goalie’s Cross&lt;/strong&gt; - This drill works best when it’s just done with the goalie and no other players. It’s a great chance to give your&#xA;  goalie your undivided attention while other players work on standard&#xA;  drills.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article also notes that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;These great hockey goalie drills mimic the movements that a goalie&#xA;  makes during an actual game. Start out doing them slowly and neatly,&#xA;  and then move up to doing faster speeds. Your goalie will be blazing&#xA;  across the ice before you know it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://apwcts.myvbookstore.com/miscellaneous/beginner-goalie-bundle.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;paid goalie bundle&lt;/a&gt; from an online bookstore, focusing on goalie drills. I've never used it, but it may provide the drills that you're looking for (see the first topic). The online blurb notes that the bundle covers these topics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Individual On-Ice Goalie Drills (for goalies to perform alone)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Partner On-Ice Goalie Drills (for goalie partners to perform together)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;One-on-One On-Ice Goalie Drills (for coaches to do one-on-one with goalies)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Team Oriented On-Ice Goalie Drills (for coaches to run with their teams for goalie work)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Pre-Game On-Ice Warm-up Drills (for teams to better prepare their goalie(s) for games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Post Practice/Game Stretching (for goalies to reduce the risk of injury and to increase flexibility)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Practice Planning (for coaches to develop practice plans that include goalie attention)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Skill Development Schedule (for coaches and goalies to benchmark goalie development).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully, one of these resources will point you in the right direction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-09T17:36:02.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="663" CreationDate="2012-04-10T22:44:48.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been a part of this ritual in America. Back in the 2000's at least, little league teams could buy a package of tickets along with the chance to walk onto the field in an attempt to promote soccer in America. As a child we were even given the opportunity before the game to go out on the pitch and play an exhibition game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastActivityDate="2012-04-10T22:44:48.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="684" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="685" CreationDate="2012-04-11T02:06:31.277" Score="3" ViewCount="1411" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing at the recreation center more often and see some of the more intense players buying table tennis shoes. Are there any advantages of utilizing table tennis shoes over regular tennis shoes? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are characteristics one would look for in shoes specifically for table tennis ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T19:33:44.417" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T19:33:44.417" Title="What are characteristics of shoes needed specifically for table tennis?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-04-13T12:53:43.023" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="684" CreationDate="2012-04-11T06:09:24.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears from &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/tabletennisshoes/tp/top_tt_shoes.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; page that the common characteristics among good table tennis shoes are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grippy on the floor surface (good traction is important)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Provide good cushioning (to help absorb the shock on your joints from starting/stopping quickly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aren't too heavy (lightweight)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Breathable (so your feet don't get too hot)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also look at sites that sell table tennis shoes and see which characteristics are important by the fact that they show shoes ratings on certain categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gotabletennis.com/Shoes_s/16.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gotabletennis.com/Shoes_s/16.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-04-11T06:09:24.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="687" CreationDate="2012-04-11T07:15:31.283" Score="3" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll start practicing Snowboard and want to know what kind of socks are best. I have read on the Internet that can be a good idea to thin socks, but I'm not sure it's the right thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="388" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-03-08T13:06:36.720" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T13:06:36.720" Title="Snowboard boot socks" Tags="|skiing|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-04-13T12:51:07.053" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="686" CreationDate="2012-04-11T08:49:52.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Look at the following link - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.snowboarding-master.com/snowboarding-socks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.snowboarding-master.com/snowboarding-socks.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's from a well known snowboarding site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the main answer is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For snowboarding you want to wear WOOL, SMARTWOOL or a Synthetic&#xA;  material specifically made for skiing or snowboarding...Some Brand&#xA;  Name examples of synthetic fabrics are HOLOFIBER, THERMASTAT or&#xA;  MICROFLEECE &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For snowboarding, one pair of midweight socks is best... Do not wear 2&#xA;  pairs of socks unless the base pair are very thin lightweight socks...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also take a look at this post - &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100116060636AAkOrH2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100116060636AAkOrH2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-04-11T08:49:52.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="684" CreationDate="2012-04-11T14:27:56.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're not interested in purchasing a pair of shoes exclusively dedicated to your table-tennis activities, you'll probably find something effective in the minimalist running or trail shoe categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These types of shoes are generally quite light-weight and breathable.  The cushioning varies by shoe and you'll find a lot more variety regarding support options based on your pronation.  Traction on the trail shoes is usually provided by vibram outsoles with multi-directional lugs.  Many of the trail shoes also come with a &quot;Lace Garage&quot; to help prevent your shoes from becoming untied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am one step above a casual table-tennis player (though don't yet attend the local club) and I've played in &lt;a href=&quot;http://hikingboots.com/mens-saucony-progrid-xodus-3-0/black-gray-orange&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt;* with good results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;strong&gt;disclaimer&lt;/strong&gt; - That site is owned by my employer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-04-11T14:27:56.890" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-04-12T07:19:02.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The speed of a bowler is calculated while releasing the ball itself. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;So the nature of pitch doesnt affect the speed of a bowler. As SIMPLE as that&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="390" LastActivityDate="2012-04-12T07:19:02.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="692" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-04-13T06:51:09.867" Score="18" ViewCount="46717" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that while dribbling the ball, if the ball rises above shoulder level then it is a turnover. I don't have any idea about this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="394" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:40:31.010" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T12:40:31.010" Title="Is it legal to dribble above shoulder height?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="700" CreationDate="2012-04-13T10:13:25.517" Score="8" ViewCount="20602" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batting strike rate is calculated as &lt;strong&gt;(No. of runs / No. of balls faced) * 100&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;How is bowling strike rate calculated? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:11:37.877" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T06:18:56.223" Title="Calculation of bowling strike rate" Tags="|statistics|cricket|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="692" CreationDate="2012-04-13T13:57:05.093" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/asp_scripts/downMana.asp?fileID=1260&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, but couldn't find anything that explicitly states you cannot dribble above your shoulder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal opinion is that it's not an infraction.  When you see infractions called because someone dribbles high it's mainly because they &quot;carry&quot; the ball (putting your hand on the bottom hemisphere of the ball while dribbling), or somehow stop the motion of the ball during the normal dribbling process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2015-07-06T17:53:06.930" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T17:53:06.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2012-04-13T17:52:03.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_rate&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bowling strike rate is a measure of how frequently a bowler achieves&#xA;  the primary goal of bowling, namely taking wickets (i.e. getting&#xA;  batsmen out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bowling strike rate is defined for a bowler as the average number of&#xA;  balls bowled per wicket taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_calculate_a_bowling_strike_rate_in_cricket&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A bowlers strike rate is calculated by dividing the number of balls he&#xA;  or she has bowled by the number of wickets taken with those balls. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For example if a bowler has bowled 2000 balls in his career and has&#xA;  taken 50 wickets, he has a bowling strike rate of 40.00. In other&#xA;  words the bowler has taken, on average, a wicket every 40 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-13T17:52:03.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="696" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="877" CreationDate="2012-04-13T18:17:45.787" Score="30" ViewCount="2685" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lewis Hamilton has a 5 place grid penalty for the Chinese Grand Prix this weekend, due to having to change his gearbox.  Harsh, but that's the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He's been on pole for the first two races this season so has a good chance of making it three, if it weren't for the penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, when was the last time that the fastest qualifier didn't start on pole, due to a penalty or some other situation?  I don't think it's ever happened before due to a penalty but am not sure, hence the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When was the last time the pole-sitter didn't start the race on pole?  This has definitely happened due to mechanical problems or spinning off the track on the formation lap in the wet, San Marino springs to mind but I can't remember the year or who it was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a reason for the question - the Fantasy F1 game I run gives the pole-sitter bonus points but I am not sure what to do in this kind of situation!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T11:24:35.037" LastActivityDate="2022-09-09T14:46:18.963" Title="In the history of Formula 1, when has the fastest qualifier not started the race on pole?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="698" CreationDate="2012-04-13T20:28:36.077" Score="4" ViewCount="885" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been hearing a lot of words thrown around by climbers like &quot;crimper&quot;, &quot;gaston&quot;, &quot;flag out&quot;, &quot;whipper&quot;, &quot;flapper&quot;, and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do these and the rest even mean?  Could someone compile a list of these definitions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="397" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T09:56:54.930" Title="What do all the climber-specific terms and slang mean?" Tags="|terminology|climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="697" CreationDate="2012-04-13T21:18:58.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a work in progress:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Beta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Instructions, suggestions, methods for doing a move (or sequence of moves) in a route. (&quot;You're doing that the hard way. Try my beta...&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bump&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A movement where the hand (or foot) that moved last, makes the next move as well.  For example, you grab a hold with your right hand, then move again with the same hand to a further hold.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To do the movement described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Any kind of debris found on outdoor rock, including chalk buildup, moss, dirt, vines, vegetation, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variation: chossy (adj.) being covered in choss (&quot;Bring a brush; that route is chossy!&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crimp&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold (or hand position) where the fingers are curled and the fingertips are used most prominently to pull.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To use the hand position described above (not necessarily on a &quot;crimp&quot; hold). There is an open-handed crimp position where the thumb is not used, as well as a closed-handed &quot;full-crimp&quot; position where the thumb is used. Both variations have their uses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cross&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A movement where the hand (or foot) horizontally passes the other hand (or foot). The term is often used in contrast with a &quot;bump&quot;, to clarify how to approach the next hold. (&quot;Should I cross with my left hand, or bump with my right?&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To do the movement described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deadpoint&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. The apex of the body trajectory in a dynamic movement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dyno&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A dynamic movement where the climber launches up to a hold (or holds) with both feet leaving the wall before the hands reach their destination. Essentially a jump.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold where the usable side consists of a flat, often 90-degree angle.  Similar to a crimp, but usually deeper (at least to the first knuckle) and more flat.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First Ascent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. The first ever successful send (by anybody) for a given route. Sometimes abbreviated to &quot;F.A.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flag&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. To extend one's leg and foot outward (at least somewhat horizontally) against and along the wall, rigidly, as a technique to avoid body swing (barn-door). The name comes from horizontal flagpoles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flapper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A skin injury (generally on the fingers or hand) where a portion of torn skin is left partially attached, like a flap.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flash&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A successful send on one's first attempt. (Beta may or may not have been given, and the climber may or may not have seen someone else doing the same climb prior to the ascent.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To successfully send a route on one's first attempt, as described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gaston&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A hand position where the hand is pointed inward while the elbow points outward.  This is generally the reverse of a side-pull, in which the hand points outward.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To use the hand position described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jib&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold that is very small, often approximately coin-sized, generally used as footing (though in some situations used as hand-holds as well).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jug&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold that is large and deep enough to wrap one's fingers behind easily. The easiest class of hold to use, perhaps with the exception of some &quot;handlebar&quot;-style artificial holds used in gyms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To use easy, jug-style holds to climb. (&quot;I'm just going to jug up to the top since we're in a hurry.&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On-sight&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A successful send on one's first attempt (a &quot;flash&quot;) without having been given any beta and without having seen another climber work on the route beforehand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To successfully send a route on one's first attempt, as described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pinch&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold (or hand position) where two opposite sides are used in a compressing fashion: one side for the thumb, and the other side for the remaining fingers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To use the hand technique described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pump&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. An effect caused by overuse of the forearms where they become stiff and weak&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variation: pumpy (adj.) especially taxing on the forearms&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variation: pumped (adj.) having forearms that are fatigued from overuse&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Red-point&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A climber's first successful send on a particular route, generally after having attempted previously without success. (&quot;I finally got the red-point on that 5.11 today!&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To send a route as described above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Send&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A successful completion of a route without falling or resting on the rope.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;v. To successfully complete a route without falling or resting on the rope. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variations: sent (v., past tense)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sloper&lt;/strong&gt; (rhymes with &quot;hope her&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. Type of hold where the hand is mostly open and flat, and where the climber must rely more heavily on managing static friction instead of gripping.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Variation: slopey (adj.) having many slopers (&quot;That route sure is slopey!&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whipper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n. A particularly long-distance, often undesirable fall while sport climbing or trad climbing.  The name comes from the whipping motion of the rope while catching the fall.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there are more, but I'll have to add them later.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comment on or edit this answer if you think anything should be added or changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="397" LastEditorUserId="9547" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T09:56:54.930" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T09:56:54.930" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-04-15T21:55:24.033" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2012-04-16T05:13:52.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is simply the number of balls bowled divided by the number of wickets taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-07-13T18:11:05.037" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T18:11:05.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2012-04-17T09:31:37.850" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowling strike rate is calculated as &lt;strong&gt;total balls bowled / wickets taken&lt;/strong&gt; by bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the bowler has bowled 300 balls and has taken 15 wickets, then the strike rate is&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;300/15 = 20&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This means the bowler has taken 20 balls to take one wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="400" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T19:29:12.100" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T19:29:12.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="702" CreationDate="2012-04-18T11:32:11.497" Score="21" ViewCount="13901" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have had this question for a long time:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Will a batsman be given out if the ball hits the pad or a helmet of a wicket keeper and the catch is taken by another fielder?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="402" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T13:01:33.947" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T21:57:08.130" Title="Can a batsman be given out if a ball deflected by a helmet or pad is caught?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="701" CreationDate="2012-04-18T11:45:26.103" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;When this question was asked in 2012, the batsman will not be given out if the ball hits the bat and then the helmet of the wicket keeper or any other fielder before the catch is taken. But pads are similar to gloves for a keeper; hence if the ball hits the bat and then hits the pad and then is caught by a fielder, the batsman is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the 2017 update to the Laws meant that catches can be taken after the ball hits a fielder's helmet; quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/assets/2017-Law-Changes-Summary-Paper.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC's summary of the changes&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A change has been made so that the ball can be caught after it strikes a helmet which is being worn by a fielder or the wicket-keeper&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T21:56:21.107" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T21:56:21.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="701" CreationDate="2012-04-18T17:24:50.997" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Providing of course that the batsman's bat has made contact with the ball before reaching the wicketkeeper or other fielder then yes, the batsman will be given out as long as the ball doesn't hit the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-04-18T17:24:50.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2012-04-20T08:06:54.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowling Strike rate = Number of balls per wicket (Total Balls Bowled/Total Wickets Taken)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bowling Average = Runs per Wicket (Total Runs Given/Total Wickets Taken)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-12-31T07:50:35.363" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T07:50:35.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="714" CreationDate="2012-04-20T14:58:49.243" Score="7" ViewCount="9331" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often I find it very difficult to time my jump exactly right, often jumping too late and then missing the shot entirely. What can I use / practice to ensure I time my jump correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="405" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-24T00:06:11.587" LastActivityDate="2019-12-24T00:06:11.587" Title="What techniques can I use to improve my jump smash timing in badminton?" Tags="|technique|training|badminton|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="716" CreationDate="2012-04-20T15:33:29.027" Score="9" ViewCount="11364" Body="&lt;p&gt;As in the title really - what plastic shuttlecocks best mimic the behaviour of feather shuttlecocks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="405" LastEditorUserId="405" LastEditDate="2012-04-24T01:33:07.403" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T14:59:25.860" Title="What plastic shuttles have the closest resemblance to feathers?" Tags="|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="707" CreationDate="2012-04-21T11:04:12.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might sound very unhelpful, but really the &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; solution is lots of practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, get a coach, who can help you improve more quickly, but either way, just be prepared to put in the hours. It will come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get a good partner to send you shuttles at consistent heights and positions, and plan for specific targets (eg back left corner, or opponent's head :-) and keep on smashing them. Watch where you make the errors (this is easiest with an observer, or ideally a coach) but you can do it yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-04-22T16:56:54.323" LastActivityDate="2012-04-22T16:56:54.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="669" CreationDate="2012-04-22T17:26:09.763" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good example would be the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.101greatgoals.com/blog/fair-play-costin-lazar-refuses-to-win-a-penalty-rapid-bucharest-vs-otelul-galati/&quot;&gt;penalty case with Costin Lazar&lt;/a&gt; (FC Rapid Bucharest), if I remember right, in 2009. he went down, a penalty was given but Lazar told the referee it wasn't a foul. The ball was given to Otelul and the game resumed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Robbie Fowler did the same thing in an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUrcX6kpkU0&quot;&gt;Arsenal - Liverpool match&lt;/a&gt; but the referee wouldn't care. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any decision can be reversed, in any conditions, if the game wasn't resumed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastActivityDate="2012-04-22T17:26:09.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="423" CreationDate="2012-04-22T17:50:11.057" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple personal example of what you can do: I often have the &quot;dirty&quot; job of stopping counterattacks by any means necessary. However I'm not a strong guy and I always rely on pushing or pulling. I've seen some players that didn't engaged with me for a long time, but they pulled back and let me lose my balance. It's a long shot to try that, but you can also get rid of that player in some situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way is to pull down his hand or shirt, again, with the purpose of making him lose the balance. This method works better, but it's not legal or nice to use it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should play hard, but avoid hitting players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastActivityDate="2012-04-22T17:50:11.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="404" CreationDate="2012-04-22T18:12:38.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually Barcelona uses that formation only on paper. They rarely have 4 players playing as defenders, they kinda use 3 (two central defenders and one full back pass the ball between them and the keeper). Playing like this allows them to have a greater number of players in front (where two of the attacking players sit very wide on the pitch) which is extremely useful if the other team is pressing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About 4-2-3-1. I guess it's a very good formation because it allows you to use a large type of players on every compartment depending on your needs. In fact this formation is played by teams with a bigger squad (which has very good defenders, 2 or 3 defending midfielders and very skillful attacking players - see Barcelona, Real Madrid, Manchester City, Borussia Dortmund and Bayern's tactics and depth of squad). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also a good formation because it allows a larger number of players run freely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this information are from talk shows and math analyses.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastActivityDate="2012-04-22T18:12:38.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2012-04-23T06:51:02.867" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As for the history of tennis scoring, there are two background stories:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That it has its origin in medieval numerology. The number 60 was considered to be a &quot;good&quot; or &quot;complete&quot; number back then, in about the same way you'd consider 100 to be a nice round figure today. The medieval version of tennis, therefore, was based on 60--the four points when 15, 30, 45 (which we abbreviate to 40) and 60, or game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The system may be based on the presence of a clock face at the end of the tennis court. A quarter move of the appropriate hand was made after each rest, with the score being called as 15, 30, or 45. As the hand was moved to 60, this was the game. This didn't explain a score of 40, however.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="394" LastActivityDate="2012-04-23T06:51:02.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="707" CreationDate="2012-04-23T23:19:07.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Rory mentioned, practice will help - this technique is considered to be fairly advanced. Repetition is needed to perfect your technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want some additional training tips, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.how-to-play-badminton.com/badminton-jump-smash.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one site&lt;/a&gt; suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This badminton skill requires a lot of practice. It's not easy to do a&#xA;  badminton smash in the middle of the air. It's very common to be&#xA;  inaccurate in hitting the shuttle in mid air as well as losing your&#xA;  balance as you land on the ground at the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Keep practising until you have the accuracy and body balance.Also make&#xA;  sure that you get the correct sequence. Aim - jump - extend your&#xA;  non-racket arm and lift your legs up at the same time - then swing!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the start, don't jump too high to enable better body balance and&#xA;  focus on the correct technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you want more power for your jump smash, read this page on&#xA;  generating maximum power for a jump smash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gradually increase your jump height over time as you get better at&#xA;  this technique. But make sure you have good balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You should possess strong badminton basics to perform this advanced&#xA;  shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you're somehow not able to execute this technique well, review your&#xA;  badminton basics (whether you're holding the racquet wrongly, whether&#xA;  you're doing a full arm swing... etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a mention of Peter Rasmussen's badminton &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintonlife.com/store/essentials-of-technique/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;coaching video&lt;/a&gt;, if you don't mind paying to learn from a championship level player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-23T23:19:07.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="423" CreationDate="2012-04-24T15:30:09.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by others it is a part of the game. To understand it better you need to realize that football is a contact sport (not as much as rugby but still) and it's physically demanding. For that very reason players (especially in amateur divisions) will use physical intimidation as a way of winning the ball. Keep in mind that, going into a tackle if you are thinking that you might be hurt or whatever, you've pretty much already lost the ball. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said you do not need to start kicking people around, or strangle them by hanging on their shirts. In terms of pushing I believe you mean shoulder challenge whilst running. In that scenario it's very important to take stable steps, so that you have a solid balance when you take on the player. See to that the contact happens in your terms, as in be mentally and mechanically ready for the collision, and try to make sure that you go in with your hip or your shoulder. These are stronger joints, that way hopefully the momentum of the collision will not get your off your balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are referring to pushing while keeping/shielding the ball, then you might need to get a bit dirty. A lot of players will play rough in an attempt to intimidate opponents from reaching to the ball. Try to tilt his/her balance by pushing your opponent off balance. It helps trying to pay attention to how stable his/her stance is and how his/her weight is distributed. Trivial example; if the opponent has one leg on the ball and using his body to shield the ball, you obviously want him to move his pivot leg to block your movement. WHile that leg is in motion, the player is off balance and will most likely lose the ball if you push in a bit yourself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are my two cents, hope I didn't misunderstand your question. Good luck and keep in mind to have fun out there in the field. That's what matters really ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-04-24T15:30:09.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="708" CreationDate="2012-04-24T15:56:41.650" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arizonabadminton.com/for-the-beginners/shuttles/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this badminton site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note that while all feather shuttles have actual cork for the “cork”&#xA;  portion of the shuttle, some plastic shuttles use a firm foam “cork”&#xA;  as the part of the shuttle that you actually hit. Know that these&#xA;  materials have a great impact on how the shuttle plays and, if&#xA;  possible, &lt;strong&gt;I would recommend that you stick with shuttles with actual&#xA;  cork for the head&lt;/strong&gt;. There are a number of plastic shuttle&#xA;  manufacturers but the &lt;strong&gt;Yonex Mavis line seems to be the most&#xA;  popular&lt;/strong&gt; (though others from Carlton, Head, and Black Knight are&#xA;  popular as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonexusa.com/displaycat.cfm?catid=13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yonex USA site&lt;/a&gt;, the flight pattern of the Yonex Mavis 370 comes close to that of an actual feather shuttlecock:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4muX9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Yonex shuttlecock flight pattern&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/review/R1HO94VR1LJTP9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one Amazon review&lt;/a&gt; for the Yonex Mavis 2000:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a very good shuttle if you are looking for durability. The&#xA;  flight is very near to a feather shuttle, but it falls just a bit&#xA;  short because there is nothing like the weight distribution of a&#xA;  feather shuttle from which you get better control and feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These links are all subjective, but all seem to indicate that nothing really matches the performance of an actual feather shuttlecock. Durability seems to be the largest advantage of the plastic versions. I hope this info will point you in the right direction for your search - please let us know which brand/model you decide on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-04-24T15:56:41.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="677" CreationDate="2012-04-24T16:06:27.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is any rule related to the distance of a wicket-keeper from the stumps but he has to stay inside the 30 yard circle. Also, if he is standing just behind the wickets, no part of his body should be ahead of the stumps towards the batsman's side. Otherwise, it is a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="415" LastActivityDate="2012-04-24T16:06:27.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-04-25T02:23:27.537" Score="5" ViewCount="453" Body="&lt;p&gt;Snooker is a very popular game in Great Britain and Ireland. Most Top-Players come from these Isles. Nearly 90% probably. I don't know the history of this sport, on TV it looks a bit elitist, fine dressed players :) I'm asking if it is common to play snooker for money in Britain, because it could somehow explain to me why most Top-Players come from there, more competition, incentive for good players. In Germany it's not really popular and we play mostly for fun and not those several hours lasting matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So do many non-Top but good hobby-Players in Great Britain play for substantial money amounts in clubs and pubs? It looks similar to Poker like a Luck&amp;amp;Skill game, where betting money would seem normal when playing longer matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="296" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-09T07:59:16.867" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T09:55:50.227" Title="Is it common among hobby-snooker-players to play for money?" Tags="|rules|snooker|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="722" CreationDate="2012-04-25T04:45:43.243" Score="14" ViewCount="70965" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have started playing volleyball recently, and I fully admit I don't know the rules of the game in great detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently when we were playing, one of us played the ball with their leg and then another player continued the rally. Is this a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T12:55:13.477" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T13:02:51.763" Title="Can we use a leg to play the ball in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="718" CreationDate="2012-04-25T05:47:33.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot really comment on whether or not it's common to play for money, however I presume it would happen occasionally as with pretty much all other pub environment games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relating the success of players from the UK and Ireland to gambling however, is rather inaccurate, in my opinion. I think it's more of a culture and audience thing; as in the more people who know, follow and play the game the more &quot;experts&quot; will emerge. Allow me to illustrate this with an example from football. I believe the early dominance of Latin American nations in football is essentially a direct consequence of the central value football has in these countries. The recent shift in dominance towards the European nations came after the establishment of youth academies and years of extensive outreach programs (especially in Germany :)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly the over-representation of African Americans in NBA or NFL, or Caucasian Americans in NHL (ice hockey) can be similarly attributed to the culture of these sports being deeply rooted in the respective communities. Long story short, think like this: how many kids grow up dreaming to become a snooker champion in Germany vs in the UK. ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for a history of snooker &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_snooker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here's a useful link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-03-25T09:55:50.227" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T09:55:50.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="44" CreationDate="2012-04-25T05:58:53.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@JW8 is pretty much on the ball there, I just want to add that good zone will usually employ double teams on critical players. Moving the ball around to find the open player is the best way to tire and frustrate the opponent. If you have a good shooter that's even better. Otherwise having a strong man inside (pivot/center in European/American terms) will facilitate things as he can force his way to the basket, either playing 1-2-1 or pulling in a secondary defender, which in that case he can dish out an assist to the open player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What might happen is that if there is a designated shooter in the team and it's pretty obvious that you anti-zone offense is built around getting him to shoot long distance, then the defending team might go to a hybrid defense, where they give one quick defender on your shooting guard, and the rest stays on a zone defense. Wouldn't hurt to be prepared for that :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-04-25T05:58:53.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="719" CreationDate="2012-04-25T16:14:33.097" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to one &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/467549-legal-illegal-hits-in-volleyball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LiveStrong.com page&lt;/a&gt; discussing legal and illegal volleyball hits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recently Updated Rules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contacting the ball with any part of the body below the waist used to be illegal. When the ball hits any part of your body, including the&#xA;leg or the foot, it constitutes a legal hit.&lt;/strong&gt; Another USA Volleyball&#xA;rule update for the 2010 season slightly changed the rule regarding&#xA;physical support for a teammate. Previously you couldn't get a&#xA;teammate's help to reach a ball. Now you can't get a teammate's help&#xA;to hit the ball, although it is still legal for a teammate to stop you&#xA;or hold you back from touching the net or crossing the center line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/rules-of-volleyball.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;another site&lt;/a&gt;, volleyball rules state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The volleyball may touch any part of the body.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, from the official USA Volleyball site, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volleyball.com/rules/usa_volleyball_indoor_rules_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009-11 US domestic indoor rules&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.2.1  The ball may touch any part of the body.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB.2011-2012.VB.RulesOfTheGame.Eng.TextfileOnly.2.1.1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011-12 FIVB international rules&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.2.1  The ball may touch any part of the body&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for all major indoor court competitions, rule 9.2.1 permits hits by any part of the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For beach volleyball, FIVB has a similar rule in the 2009-12 rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;13.4.1 The ball may touch any part of the body.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by the currently available rules, players can legally hit the ball with any part of the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-04-25T21:04:30.520" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="919" CreationDate="2012-04-25T17:50:25.917" Score="2" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm considering whether or not it's worth the time or the money to invest in getting parts and put together a racket for a hobby/casual player. I am not horrible in the sport but it's pretty obvious I'll never compete in a respectable tournament. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is all the fuss about equipment, how much of it would be useful for a player like myself and how much is marketing mumbo-jumbo? Of course it's impossible to give a quantitative measure to it, but I was wondering if there are other casual players who did end up buying better equipment (~100+ euros) and whether or not there was a difference to their overall gameplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any feedback is welcome!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:23:30.373" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T13:23:30.373" Title="Pros/cons: custom build rackets (for hobby/casual players)" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T21:16:53.793" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="724" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-04-26T01:21:00.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A record is history distilled into a number, a superlative performance quantified to allow comparison with other extraordinary performances. Records may describe specific superlative performances (e.g. fastest races, highest jumps, longest throws) or an aggregate of performance across a season or career (e.g. batting averages, win-loss records). Some records may be &quot;recognized&quot; by specific organizations (e.g. international governing bodies, statistical groups, Guinness) and others may be informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2012-04-26T18:15:55.390" LastActivityDate="2012-04-26T18:15:55.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="725" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-04-26T01:21:00.737" Score="0" Body="Questions about records, or statistics deemed best in a specific sport and/or event. This tag should be combined with a tag for the specific sport in which the record lies." OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:52:20.453" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:52:20.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="727" CreationDate="2012-04-26T16:48:56.880" Score="-7" ViewCount="1104" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in José Mourinho , currently Real Madrid C.F. Football Manager, and I would like to know more about him.&#xA;Is there a biography or any suggested reading on this guy? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="416" LastEditorUserId="348" LastEditDate="2012-04-27T00:09:28.130" LastActivityDate="2012-04-27T00:09:28.130" Title="Any recommend José Mourinho biography book?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-04-27T02:23:04.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="726" CreationDate="2012-04-26T20:23:31.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Special One does have an authorised biography called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.uk/Jose-Mourinho-Portugal-Authorised-Biography/dp/0954684338&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jose Mourinho: Made in Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2012-04-26T20:23:31.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="732" CreationDate="2012-04-29T01:48:05.177" Score="11" ViewCount="18302" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does match time works in soccer? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I know a little bit about how it works, like how they add injury time to the end of the regular time, but I do not know it for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T08:23:55.263" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T08:23:55.263" Title="How does the match time work in soccer?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="733" CreationDate="2012-04-29T01:57:51.327" Score="21" ViewCount="11297" Body="&lt;p&gt;In MLB, if a Catcher drops or misses the third pitched strike, the batter becomes a runner and can attempt to reach first base before tagged out or forced out at first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.09 The batter becomes a runner when -- (a) He hits a fair ball; (b) The third strike called by the umpire is not caught, providing (1)&#xA;  first base is unoccupied, or (2) first base is occupied with two out;&#xA;  -- &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;Official MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning behind this rule? Why does it only happen if first base is unoccupied, and what's with that crazy extra exception of two outs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="365" LastEditorUserId="365" LastEditDate="2012-04-29T02:09:57.317" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T17:23:57.147" Title="What's the reasoning behind the Uncaught Third Strike Rule?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="730" CreationDate="2012-04-29T09:39:00.770" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The duration depends on the referee.  Injury time is established by the referee and he gives how many minutes of stoppage time he wants. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &quot;Laws of the Game&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you probably knew already, any kind of match interruptions will extend the stoppage time. However, only the referee can be the timekeeper. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Facts: The ball is in game for about 22 minutes each half in the most important leagues. &#xA;The longest injury time given was 23 minutes. &#xA;Germany referees usually give no more than 3 minutes of additional time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastActivityDate="2012-04-29T09:39:00.770" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="731" CreationDate="2012-04-29T15:16:51.567" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exception about first base being unoccupied is to prevent a catcher from intentionally dropping a third strike and then getting a double-play.  If there are two outs, that prevention isn't necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the reasoning behind the rule itself, I can't find a definitive resource, but speculation is that an out needs a successful defensive player and an unsuccessful offensive player to occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-04-29T15:16:51.567" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="730" CreationDate="2012-04-29T22:48:11.170" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well the regular amount of time for each half normally lasts 45 minutes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The match lasts two equal periods of 45 minutes, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the referee and the two participating teams. Any agreement to alter the periods of play (for example to reduce each half to 40 minutes because of insufficient light) must be made before the start of play and must comply with competition rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Injury Time&lt;/em&gt; is added at the end of each half:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;substitution(s)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;assessment of injury to players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any other cause&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in certain competitions, &lt;em&gt;Extra Time&lt;/em&gt; may be required at the end of a game, for example in the World Cup, where two halves of 15 minutes in length are played, with the above rules of added time applying to those two halves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-04-30T15:25:25.647" LastActivityDate="2012-04-30T15:25:25.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="739" CreationDate="2012-05-01T05:14:07.463" Score="14" ViewCount="61557" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently started playing basketball and was wondering about some of the comments made about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFWg-29zbs4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; (pretty cool) NBA commercial featuring LeBron James. It looks like he takes 1 step after receiving the ball before dribbling it, is that considered to be a travel? I doubt the NBA would make a commercial showing a blatant violation so I'm assuming it's valid but want to know what the exact rule is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-17T15:39:12.040" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T15:39:12.040" Title="Is taking a step before dribbling the ball a travel?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-01T05:20:45.113" Score="9" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've committed to coaching in a young kids (age 5-6) basketball league. This is pretty beginner so there's no keeping track of score, the main idea is for the kids to have fun and learn at the same time. What are some good practice techniques that will keep the kids motivated and teach them good basketball skills at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-14T18:03:49.450" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T18:03:49.450" Title="Coaching youth division D basketball" Tags="|basketball|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="736" CreationDate="2012-05-01T12:56:14.080" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You would think they wouldn't include a blatant violation, but they did.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html&quot;&gt;NBA Rules Section XIV&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f. In starting a dribble after (1) receiving the ball while standing still, or (2) coming to a legal stop, the ball must be out of the player's hand before the pivot foot is raised off the floor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From listening to my friends who I would consider avid NBA fans, travelling and carrying seem to be the most common complaints where modern referees often ignore the written rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-01T12:56:14.080" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="736" CreationDate="2012-05-01T22:18:29.687" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's also some additional information regarding traveling in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mediacentral.nba.com/media/mediacentral/Official-NBA-Rule-Book.pdf&quot;&gt;2011-12 NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section XIII—Traveling&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. A player who receives the ball while standing still may pivot,&#xA;  using either foot as the pivot foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon&#xA;  completion of a dribble,&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball&lt;/strong&gt;. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing must&#xA;  release the ball to start his dribble before his second step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The first step occurs when a foot, or both feet, touch the floor after&#xA;  gaining control of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot&#xA;  touches the floor, or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who comes to a stop on step one when both feet are on the&#xA;  floor or touch the floor simultaneously may pivot using either foot as&#xA;  his pivot. If he jumps with both feet he must release the ball before&#xA;  either foot touches the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who lands with one foot first may only pivot using that foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A progressing player who jumps off one foot on the first step may land&#xA;  with both feet simultaneously for the second step. In this situation,&#xA;  the player may not pivot with either foot and if one or both feet&#xA;  leave the floor the ball must be released before either returns to the&#xA;  floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Columnists have blasted the rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And while you’re at it, clean up traveling, too (the&#xA;  two-steps-and-bunny-hop is especially insulting to the memory of Dr.&#xA;  James). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- &lt;a href=&quot;http://hangtime.blogs.nba.com/2010/10/19/will-rule-change-suddenly-change/&quot;&gt;Shaun Powell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the rule specified in @Will Cole's answer conflicts somewhat with this one. According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=4563546&quot;&gt;2009 ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, the league has generally instructed refs not to enforce the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-05-01T22:18:29.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-02T01:26:58.763" Score="7" ViewCount="2250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got into running and I love it! but the size of my legs ( the muscles that is ) is reducing every month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can I do to increase the muscle mass and at the same time keep running. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I run about 12 miles per week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="213" LastActivityDate="2012-05-02T16:03:16.537" Title="How to keep legs volume when becoming a runner?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-03-07T00:08:18.333" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="740" CreationDate="2012-05-02T03:13:05.807" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to sprint rather than run for endurance if you're trying to build muscle mass.  Work on getting up to maximum speed as quickly as possible and sustaining it for up to 400 meters.  A common sprint drill is to sprint 100M, walk 100M, sprint 200M, walk 200M, sprint 300M, walk 300M, sprint 400M, walk 400M and then start again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take this image of an Olympic sprinter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RACLp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it to this picture of an Olympic distance runner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QZPn0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-05-02T03:13:05.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="743" CreationDate="2012-05-02T10:18:09.963" Score="9" ViewCount="8509" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will happen if a ball in play is lost or cannot be recovered? Does batting side keep any penalty for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="428" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-05-07T15:43:25.067" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T18:44:51.737" Title="What happens if a ball is lost in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="742" CreationDate="2012-05-02T11:52:58.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m not a huge cricket know-it-all, but here is a rule from the cricket rule book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-lost-ball,46,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 20.1 (Lost ball)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lost ball. If a ball in play is lost or cannot be recovered, the fielding side can call &quot;lost ball&quot;. The batting side keeps any penalty runs (such as no-balls and wides) and scores the higher of six runs and the number of runs actually run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-04-28T06:46:45.507" LastActivityDate="2013-04-28T06:46:45.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="737" CreationDate="2012-05-02T12:05:09.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a great question, and i have a few links that i think will help.&#xA;this first one is a link to a few tips on how to keep basketball practice fun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/tips-for-making-basketball-practice-fun.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/tips-for-making-basketball-practice-fun.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the second one is a few fun games related to basketball that you could play at your practices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/373967-fun-kids-games-to-play-at-basketball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.livestrong.com/article/373967-fun-kids-games-to-play-at-basketball/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well, i hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastActivityDate="2012-05-02T12:05:09.867" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="745" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="748" CreationDate="2012-05-02T14:17:04.520" Score="8" ViewCount="5147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching &lt;em&gt;Sports Center&lt;/em&gt; this morning and realized that baseball has a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of players of Hispanic origin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When was baseball first introduced to Latin America? When did recruiting Latin American / Hispanic players become fairly commonplace? Beyond that, &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; are/were so many Latin American players recruited for baseball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T00:44:59.100" Title="When was baseball introduced to Latin America?" Tags="|baseball|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="745" CreationDate="2012-05-02T15:05:20.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball has been popular in Latin America since the 1800's. it was Cuba's national sport i beleive, and was more popular than soccer. heres a link about the history of latin american baseball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/about_6374367_history-latin-american-baseball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ehow.com/about_6374367_history-latin-american-baseball.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as why latin americans are recruited, well, if you think about it, there still are many more players from north america then latin americans. but since the latin americans had thier own leagues and everything, mlb teams starting recruiting the stars from across the globe. the same goes fro all the japenese players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well, i hope that helped, if it didnt, tell me why and ill try to be more specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastEditorUserId="419" LastEditDate="2012-05-02T15:10:31.680" LastActivityDate="2012-05-02T15:10:31.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="740" CreationDate="2012-05-02T16:03:16.537" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'll need to incorporate weight training and/or intervals in order to maintain (or increase) your muscle mass. A blog post titled &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://worldfitnessnetwork.com/the-running-bodybuilder-85-tips/&quot;&gt;The Running Body Builder&lt;/a&gt;&quot; offers some tips:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How To Be a Runner and a Bodybuilder&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here’s how you CAN be gaining lean muscle mass through weight training&#xA;  AND do medium to long-distance running:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eat.  Eat lots.  &lt;strong&gt;Eat often. Eat slow carbs (for example, oats) and lean proteins.&lt;/strong&gt;  If you are lifting weights 3-4 times a week and&#xA;  running 3-4 times a week, you need calories.  But don’t go for sugary&#xA;  calories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stagger your running distances on different days.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, I run 3 times a week:  6 miles, then 8 miles, then 10 miles. &#xA;  Once in a while, my 10 miler goes to 13.1 (a half marathon).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pick one run to be an interval run.&lt;/strong&gt; Why?  This recruits more fast-twitch muscles, burns more fat, and increases your overall speed.&#xA;  For me, it’s usually my 8 miler.   I turn this into an interval run as&#xA;  follows:  first 5 minutes is steady state, then I alternate with&#xA;  roughly this sequence:  sprint for about 1 minute at about 90% of my&#xA;  max speed, then slow to shuffle (about walking speed really) for 1&#xA;  minute, then get back to regular pace for about 2 minutes.  Repeat&#xA;  until you are done, but make sure your last minute is a full-on 100%&#xA;  sprint.  You’ll be astonished how quickly you tire out!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never run on the day after your leg-training day for weights.&lt;/strong&gt; You need a day to rest after maxing out on squats.  If you don’t, your&#xA;  leg muscles are not going to grow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never run before weights.&lt;/strong&gt; You need maximum focus and strength to get the most out of your weight training sessions.  If you don’t&#xA;  believe me, try it each way for one week and you’ll see what I mean!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weights, Refuel, Run.&lt;/strong&gt; After your weight training session, take a 30 minute break or so and get some protein and good carbs&#xA;  before you run.  But make your refueling light so you don’t upset your&#xA;  stomach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Watch our stretching. Don’t do too much static stretching beforehand.  There is some mixed science on this issue, but I&#xA;  recommend you do dynamic stretches before your weight training, and&#xA;  before your running, but do static stretches on your off days or after&#xA;  your workouts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pay really close attention to your body. If you notice the start of any injury, back off a bit.&lt;/strong&gt;  I personally suffered from&#xA;  plantar fasciitis several years ago because I tried to keep running&#xA;  for weeks after it started.  By then much damage was done.  Remember –&#xA;  you’re trying to do two things you love (weight training and running)&#xA;  while improving your health and physique.  Don’t be bullheaded and&#xA;  think you are superhuman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Change your socks. Always change your socks before you start a run.  Your feet will appreciate it!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, you should probably:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;eat right (slow carbs and lean proteins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;add weight training to your exercise regimen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;add interval training (to help build muscle mass)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;schedule your weight training and running appropriately (weights before running, no running the day after lifting, etc.) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;get plenty of rest&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-05-02T16:03:16.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="745" CreationDate="2012-05-02T16:03:36.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll start with the why. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that there are so many Latin American baseball players is manifold. It's part socioeconomic, part lack of professional sports opportunities in their home countries and it's part the amount of money, time and effort various Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations have put into recruiting and signing Latin born players. Similar efforts are going on in Korea and other Asian countries, however they have not met with the same success, probably because there is not quite the same rich history of baseball tradition in those countries (although it's coming)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with the socioeconomic/lack of pro-sports opportunity issue. In most places in Latin America, if you want to play pro sports you play soccer (futbol). It's the only major organized professional sport in several countries, and the only one besides baseball in most of the others. However, the salaries are not like professional sports in the US or Europe, and while they are a decent living, most truly amazing players in soccer or in baseball quickly find themselves whisked away to better competition in the US or Europe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Latin America is progressing economically, many of these countries have huge areas of poverty. For kids with athletic talent sports is a great way to get out of where you are and find a better life (same can be said of many low income folks in the US as well). Baseball, like soccer is an easy sport to find equipment for (you don't kneed a glove or a real bat, just a ball and a broom handle if you really want to play). With low barriers to entry it can become a fun game for kids to play in the street and they can get quite good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball teams have capitalized on this desire to make a better life, and the abundance of athletic children with limited opportunities in their home countries and have opened academies in several Latin American countries (Puerto Rico (I know Us territory, but still), the Dominican and Venezuela are the primary ones), and have begun recruiting kids at very young ages. Children as young as 16 may be signed by MLB teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until the current Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) MLB has been fairly lax as to how much money these players can be given (the new CBA now has a pool of money that may be spent on international signings of players under 19). Because theses players do not have to go through a draft process they are free agents and may go to the highest bidder. Recent young Cuban defectors have signed for millions of dollars upfront.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the why, in my opinion, is a combination of lack of opportunities in their home countries, combined with a significant investment on the part of MLB teams and also the ability for teams to freely sign these players rather than force them through the draft (although this part is going away gradually).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally lets get some history. Obviously for the above to have happened there has to be some history here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball came to Latin America in the late 1800s &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_in_Cuba&quot;&gt;starting in Cuba&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_in_Venezuela&quot;&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt; shortly thereafter. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hispanicbaseballmuseum.com/exhibits/milestones/index.html&quot;&gt;Hispanic Baseball Museum&lt;/a&gt; Cubans have been playing in the United States since 1871. And the first Hispanic to play in the Major Leagues was Louis Castro in 1902. So we have well over 100 years of Hispanic players playing major league baseball and doing very well doing it. Significantly, black Latinos did not start playing in the Major Leagues until 1949.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the timeline MLB clubs have been routinely recruiting in Latin America since Cincinnati around 1911. The first baseball academy in the Dominican did not &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espnmag/story?id=3974952&quot;&gt;open until 1973&lt;/a&gt; (although I suspect they opened in other places much earlier). There are numerous Hispanic Hall of Famers. And many more successful players that have not made it to the hall of fame. Based on this, and the fact that MLB teams continue to invest heavily in Latin America, it looks like MLB's investments in Latin America are both historic and seemingly well founded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-05-04T13:49:26.243" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T13:49:26.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="749" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="756" CreationDate="2012-05-02T20:01:03.033" Score="8" ViewCount="1257" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today on Khan Academy there was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/v/lebron-asks-about-the-chances-of-making-10-free-throws&quot;&gt;probability tutorial&lt;/a&gt; on how to figure out the likelihood of a given player making 10 consecutive free-throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently Lebron's career FT% is right around 75%. A great free-throw shooter like Chauncey Billups is just short of 90% for his career, while Shaq and Ben Wallace can shoot as low as 40% to 50%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are free-throws something that NBA players spend a considerable amount of time practicing? And if they do practice a lot, does their FT% tend to reflect that and get higher over the course of their career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="431" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:08:22.933" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T13:08:22.933" Title="Do basketball players tend to improve at shooting free-throws over the course of their career?" Tags="|basketball|nba|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="761" CreationDate="2012-05-03T03:27:32.137" Score="6" ViewCount="2382" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen drifting in many movies, and, in fact, one of the fast and furious movies was dedicated specifically to drifting (Tokyo drift)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3fscZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;  &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HOyba.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly does drifting work? What does the driver have to do to make the car drift? How does he control the car once his tires loose friction? Are there certain cars that are better at it than others? Is it really possible for someone do drift the entire way around a mountain (what they did in the fast an furious movie)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="432" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T12:19:18.350" Title="How does drifting work?" Tags="|road-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="751" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-03T03:33:51.787" Score="6" ViewCount="802" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginning traditional archer, and I'm wondering what the point of archery is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, it's about perfect form. If you miss, you adjust your scope a little and keep trying to get perfect consistent form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I missing something? Is there some other skill involved other than perfect form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="433" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T14:29:56.257" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T22:03:31.280" Title="Skills in archery" Tags="|technique|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="755" CreationDate="2012-05-03T03:47:30.967" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which Expo player who moved to the Nationals in 2005 remained longest (continuously) with the Nationals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="434" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T13:26:01.440" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T13:26:01.440" Title="Expo who remained longest with the Nationals" Tags="|baseball|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="751" CreationDate="2012-05-03T08:45:14.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are right: perfect form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But let's think about that for a second - why are you assuming perfect form is a single skill?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It requires:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;accuracy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;discipline&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;timing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;assessment of wind and conditions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;learning the scope&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact the the same sort of skills most sports require - which implies it fits very well into an Olympic competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-05-03T08:45:14.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="754" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-03T10:00:58.923" Score="6" ViewCount="5261" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman who is at 99 not out and at non-striker needs 1 run to win off the last ball. How is it possible that they win the game and also that the batsman reaches his century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="436" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-25T19:44:24.197" LastActivityDate="2016-06-25T19:44:24.197" Title="How could a non-striker on 99* win the game and reach 100, if 1 ball remains?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="752" CreationDate="2012-05-03T13:50:13.220" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Comparing the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/teamstats/roster.php?y=2004&amp;amp;t=MON&quot;&gt;2004 Expos opening day roster&lt;/a&gt; with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/teamstats/roster.php?y=2009&amp;amp;t=WS0&quot;&gt;2009 Nationals opening day roster&lt;/a&gt;, it looks like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=johnsni01&quot;&gt;Nick Johnson&lt;/a&gt; is the winner here.  He joined the Expos in 2004, and stayed with the Nationals until 2009.  I think &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=ayalalu01&quot;&gt;Luis Ayala&lt;/a&gt; comes in 2nd place, as he stayed until 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=hernali01&quot;&gt;Livan Hernandez&lt;/a&gt; stayed with the Nationals until 2006, then came back from 2009-2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-05-03T13:50:13.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="749" CreationDate="2012-05-03T14:31:03.033" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like almost everything in life practice makes perfect, but the questions is if the player indeed practice of his free throws..  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can read the following very interesting post written by &lt;strong&gt;Kevin Pelton&lt;/strong&gt;‬ (NBA analyst for Basketball Prospectus and ESPN Insider) that did research about free throws - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=1611&quot;&gt;http://www.basketballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=1611&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His conclusion was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To answer the question of whether practice helps at the line, I looked&#xA;  for pairs of seasons where the same player shot at least 100 free&#xA;  throws both years, then used statistics to evaluate how often the&#xA;  change in their percentage was larger than would be expected from&#xA;  random chance alone. As it turns out, players do seem intrinsically&#xA;  different at the line on a fairly regular basis--but this is true in&#xA;  both directions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We would expect, based on the normal distribution, that 2.5 percent of&#xA;  players would either improve or decline by at least two standard&#xA;  deviations from one year to the next. In fact, nearly three times as&#xA;  many players made such a big jump (7.2 percent). But more than twice&#xA;  as many (5.5 percent) saw their shooting decay at the line. Free throw&#xA;  shooting, for whatever reason, is more random than chance would&#xA;  suggest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are more players taking sizeable leaps forward than backward,&#xA;  which suggests that practice is paying off for some players. However,&#xA;  the difference between the two groups is relatively small. We're&#xA;  talking about 90 players over the last three decades--about three per&#xA;  year. This is not something that is happening on a routine basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-05-03T14:31:03.033" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="669" CreationDate="2012-05-03T21:51:07.833" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would point out that, according to a strict reading of the Laws of the Game, if none of the referees (including the fourth official) has seen the infringement, the referee should &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; decide based on a player’s statement. Note the referee cannot be sure the player is telling the truth (Hollywood-style plot: he might even be trying to set the referee up…), and if the referee did not see the infringement, he would not be able to decide on other aspects of the problem (e.g. whether he should caution the player, where should the free kick take place, etc.). Also note the quotation of Law 5 says “on realising that it is incorrect”, not “when a player says something”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a slightly similar theoretical situation, where the referee would see an instant replay of the situation on a TV screen, and notice the infringement there. Should he act according to the replay, he would be in direct violation of the no-video-review policy of FIFA. Note that a similar situation (almost?) occurred in a recent match in the top Czech football competition (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fotbal.idnes.cz/fotbal.aspx?c=A120326_204231_fotbal_ald&quot;&gt;Czech-language news article&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=cs&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;js=n&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;hl=cs&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;layout=2&amp;amp;eotf=1&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Ffotbal.idnes.cz%2Ffotbal.aspx%3Fc%3DA120326_204231_fotbal_ald&quot;&gt;Google translation&lt;/a&gt;), and, quoting the chairwoman of the Refereeing committee of the Czech FA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referees really decided on the basis of the video, I would not tolerate it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-05-03T21:51:07.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="760" CreationDate="2012-05-04T02:34:23.960" Score="13" ViewCount="1475" Body="&lt;p&gt;My daughter and I were playing softball and on the next field were a bunch of guys playing cricket.  She asked me Why is Cricket called Cricket?  I had no idea and figured this was a good place to find out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="437" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2012-05-04T08:56:41.953" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T08:56:41.953" Title="Why is Cricket called Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-06-28T17:12:54.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="662" CreationDate="2012-05-04T04:54:01.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stated rational behind the introduction of the play-off in the Turkish league was last year's corruption scandal. The idea is that when these strong teams meet each other in the play-offs there is little risk that one of them will be able to bribe their opposition to intentionally lose a game. Compare this to the 2010-2011 Süperlig season, when Fenerbahçe is accused of bribing a number of teams to lose matches and of offering a financial incentive to the opposition of their main competitors (Beşiktaş, Galatasaray and Trabzonspor).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this respect, there is an advantage to using play-offs in countries where corruption poses a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T04:54:01.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="758" CreationDate="2012-05-04T08:54:58.320" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cricket#Etymology_2&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7919429.stm&quot;&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;, the game and the word might originally be from Belgium (and “There is no way to relate the term to any existing English word”):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Perhaps from a Flemish dialect of Dutch met 'with' de 'the' krik ketsen 'to ricochet', i.e. &quot;to chase a ball with a crook&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cricket&quot;&gt;Online Etymology Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; explains it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1590s, apparently from O.Fr. criquet &quot;goal post, stick,&quot; perhaps from M.Du./M.Flem. cricke &quot;stick, staff,&quot; perhaps from the same root as crutch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T08:54:58.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="750" CreationDate="2012-05-04T12:19:18.350" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are driving there are certain times when there is a danger of losing traction. Two of these times are trying to stop on wet roads and making sharp turns at high speeds (worse again on wet roads).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand this answer we need a bit of physics. Every surface has two coefficients of friction, a static coefficient and a dynamic one, these must be tested for as I'm not aware of any way to accurately tell just by looking at something what its friction coefficients are. The static coefficient is a measure of how much force it takes to move from rest, the dynamic coefficient is a measure of how much force it takes to continue moving. Typically, the way a car moves is that it's tires push against the static coefficient of friction in such a way as to not overcome it, but use its resistance to generate forward motion of the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that the momentum of the car is strong enough to overcome the static friction (which is what drives your car) and allow your car to move without being driving by the opposing forces of static friction and the rotation of your tires (the movement equation here is the rotation of the tires versus the dynamic friction of the road). This is what allows drifting. Obviously drifting is a bit more complicated than this as there is lateral motion in addition to forward motion, but essentially the idea is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically drifting is accomplished by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drifting_%28motorsport%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;over steering&lt;/a&gt;. You go into a turn fast and crank the wheel hard instead of lightly. Without over steering your momentum would carry you straight or at only a slight angle, but with over steering your tires loose traction (that is they overcome the static friction of the road). This actually slows you down just a bit through the turn, when you slow sufficiently, provided everything goes correctly your tires should slow enough that they can no longer overcome to the static friction of the road and return to grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article linked above has this to say about the cars typically used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, drift cars are light to moderate weight rear-wheel-drive coupes and sedans over a large range of power levels. There have also been AWD rally cars that have been converted to RWD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And goes on to summarize several other features that are important including the drive train, suspension and tires. I find the tires to be the most interesting part as they are the piece of the car that contacts the road and primarily affect the physics of the manuever:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Competitive drifters often run DOT-approved tires closer to racing tires, which is permitted, with the exception of some major championships including D1GP which only permits commercially available tires that are approved by them. Professional drifting has come to a point where the maximum amount of tire grip is necessary to be competitive in terms of sustaining speed, and stability in a drift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grassroot level Japanese cars with low horsepower quite often have different tires on the front and back. The tires with more grip are used up front and harder compounds in the rear to be able to spin the rear wheels in a higher gear while still being able to maintain a relatively moderate speed in a drift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of grip will resist drifting, but will also allow you to catch better on the road surface allowing you to regain control quickly after a slide through a turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the stunt in the movie, I haven't seen it, but &lt;strong&gt;IF&lt;/strong&gt; you has a sufficiently high rate of speed, a sufficiently round and smooth course, I'd have to say that you could slide all the way around a circle, however it would be very difficult as if you lost the slide you'd be in big trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final note:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Drifting is incredibly dangerous as it involves losing control of your vehicle, it may also damage your vehicle, please do not try this at home.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T12:19:18.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="762" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-04T17:15:58.217" Score="5" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently Jonathan Vilma was sidelined by the NFL for the entire 2012 season. Vilma is an impact player on the Saints' defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What measurable impact does a full season suspension (or injury, like in the case of Suggs' with the Ravens) have on a team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-05T17:05:24.277" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T17:05:24.277" Title="What kind of impact does a full season suspension of a major player have on an NFL team?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|team-dynamics|suspension|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="762" CreationDate="2012-05-04T17:53:33.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we say that things like &quot;team morale&quot; and &quot;impact on win probability&quot; are immeasurable, then there is virtually no measurable impact on a team for a suspended player.  Not only does the team not have to pay the player, but the player also does not count against their available roster space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of an extended injury, the team will place the player on the Injured Reserve List and then he won't count against their available roster space.  However, the player will still receive payment and treatment for injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-05-04T17:53:33.707" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="762" CreationDate="2012-05-05T06:32:06.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like Jacob mentioned, in Football it is much more difficult to measure a single player's contribution to a teams win. In baseball they have WAR or Wins Above Replacement which describes how many wins a single player accounts for over a basic or average replacement level player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion; however, Jonathan Vilma is an aging player on an already poor defensive team. The Saints scored in the bottom fourth of the league in defense. Obviously they won games by simply outscoring their opponents. The offense will be just as potent as last year and they will probably take more of a hit in the wins column by losing their head coach, Sean Payton, for a year than Jonathan Vilma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as morale goes, most NFL players grew up in poor families and reached the NFL against all odds. Most view themselves as underdogs and I am sure that the Saints as a whole will respond positively, as they have been some how wronged by the NFL and will rally around the suspensions of Will Smith and Jonathan Vilma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is my opinion of course as it is nearly impossible to know for sure in a sport such as football where the outcome of a game is much more reliant on the team as a whole compared to other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastActivityDate="2012-05-05T06:32:06.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="854" CreationDate="2012-05-05T10:15:42.463" Score="11" ViewCount="1032" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Premiership was founded when 22 clubs left from The Football League and formed a new association football club. All clubs left for more television money and threatened for some years before the split that they will create a super league. It seems to me like a bad divorce between the 22 involved clubs and the FA, so my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did the FA agree to rename its divisions and that the highest ranked league will become the second tier of English football? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking, if there is one, for a different answer than the one that involves the number of supporters the 22 involved clubs had. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:41:51.187" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:41:51.187" Title="Why did newly formed Premiership and FA agree on the promotion system?" Tags="|football|promotions|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="767" CreationDate="2012-05-05T16:29:44.407" Score="8" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;In yesterday’s game BLR–FIN, at 59:16 with Belarus trailing 0–1, Belarussian player injured a Finnish player with a high stick, and received double minor penalty (2+2) for that. However, during the same game interruption, a Finnish player received a minor penalty for roughing (because he avenged the injury). (See the official &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/272/IHM272H05_74_3_0.pdf&quot;&gt;game summary sheet&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, I would expect a four-on-four play be the result of those penalties (and normally, after two minutes of 4–4, a two-minute power play against Belarus). However, the referees sent &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; Belarussian players to the penalty box (and the Finnish player), and the play resumed with 5 Finnish players against 4 Belarussian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am unable to find any rule which would govern that situation. Can somebody explain that, or was that just a referee error?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T14:12:13.367" Title="How come Belarus played 4–5 against Finland on IIHF World Championships?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="766" CreationDate="2012-05-05T17:04:18.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are differences between international and NHL hockey, but I believe in this case both would do the same thing: a new 4 on 4 situation is only created when there are an equal number of minor offsetting penalties to both teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there is an uneven amount of minors, then the officials will give the team with one fewer penalty a power-play that is 5 on 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are much more complex scenarios with major penalties and with the two teams having a difference of more than one penalty. The general rule is to negate as many penalties as possible before deciding who has a power-play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastActivityDate="2012-05-05T17:04:18.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="769" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-06T06:57:44.017" Score="11" ViewCount="13356" Body="&lt;p&gt;The current world record in normal high jump is &lt;strong&gt;2.45 metres&lt;/strong&gt;, set by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_high_jump_world_record_progression&quot;&gt;Javier Sotomayor in 1993&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read somewhere that in normal high jump, jumpers must take off on one foot. But if you relax the rules a bit and allow jumping with both feet, I guess it might be possible to jump even higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How high is it possible to jump allowing taking off with both feet?&#xA;Is there any such world record?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember watching some international high jump competition in TV a few years ago. The Swedish TV commentator then made a comment about one of the high jumpers, that he almost jumped with both feet. The jumper clearly jumped with one foot, but I guess that by just changing his technique a bit he would jump with both feet. The height of his jump was somewhere around 2.30 metres. I would find it surprising if a two-feet jump would be significantly lower than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="442" LastEditorUserId="442" LastEditDate="2012-07-16T21:30:34.223" LastActivityDate="2014-07-13T15:52:26.990" Title="What is the world record in high jump if you allow taking off on both feet?" Tags="|records|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="769" CreationDate="2012-05-06T07:59:35.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason for people jumping off one foot is that they can convert their forward motion into vertical motion better, so you can actually jump higher from one foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can convert momentum from the moving leg into additional vertical motion by swinging it forwards at speed and then up as you push up from the other foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record for the Standing High Jump (off both feet) is held by Rune Almén at 1.90m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-07-18T10:17:01.207" LastActivityDate="2012-07-18T10:17:01.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="775" CreationDate="2012-05-06T11:37:04.287" Score="16" ViewCount="1710" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night, Messi scored his 50th goal of the season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it considered a new goal-scoring record? &#xA;Dixie Dean scored 60 goals for Everton in the FA First Division alone (he had 67 in total) in the 1927-1928 football season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="410" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:38:02.887" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:38:02.887" Title="Why does Messi's 50th goal count as a record?" Tags="|football|history|records|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="774" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="778" CreationDate="2012-05-07T03:15:49.790" Score="20" ViewCount="98198" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a pitcher is often assumed to have an advantage over a batter based on his handedness (i.e. left-handed vs right-handed).  I think it is that right-handed pitchers have an advantage of left-handed batters, and vice-versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this advantage?  If it is related to the break of the curve, is this advantage only relevant for pitchers that use a curveball, or does it also apply to pitchers that primarily use a fastball/change-up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="418" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T06:47:09.567" Title="What gives a left-handed pitcher an advantage over a left-handed batter?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="772" CreationDate="2012-05-07T06:53:44.573" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Messi had 50 goals in La Liga and another 14 goals in the Champions League, 3 goals in the Spanish Cup, 3 goals in the Spanish Supercup, 1 in the UEFA Super Cup and 2 in the Club World Cup.&#xA;Which makes 73 goals in total on 2011/2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Messi didn't break Dean's record but he has broken a lot of other records:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most goals in one season in La Liga (previous held by Cristiano Ronaldo - 41 Goals in 2010-11)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best goalscorer in history in one season in Europe (previous held by Gerd Müller - 67 goals in 1972-73)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most goals in one season (previous held by Archie Stark - 70 goals in 1924-25)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-02-21T09:20:14.793" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T09:20:14.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="742" CreationDate="2012-05-07T11:58:19.893" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is lost or damaged, then it will be replaced by one of similar wear.  In professional matches, several balls with different degrees of &quot;use&quot; are kept in reserve for this reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no penalty for either side for causing the ball to be lost or damaged during normal play, unless it is willful ball tampering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-05-07T11:58:19.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="774" CreationDate="2012-05-07T13:26:34.567" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several things, including a major one that you mentioned before which is the break of the curveball/slider.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, hitters can handle pitches on the inside portion of the plate better than the outside.  Also, hitters can track and see a ball that is moving towards them better than away.  So for a lefty on lefty (or righty on righty) a 4 seam fastball tends to move slightly away (advantage pitcher) and both curveballs and sliders will break much further away (advantage pitcher).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll notice that many of today's best left handed pitchers have developed excellent Change Ups (Johan Santana, Cole Hamels, and popularized by Tom Glavine).  Since there are far more right handed batters than left, they needed a pitch that would break away instead of towards the right handed hitters.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For pitchers who use primarily a fastball change-up it still makes a difference but it is not as exaggerated.  The 4 seem fastball should still be a tougher pitch for the left on left matchup.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last thing is: everyone, both left and right handed hitters, see far fewer left handed pitchers throughout their careers.  Just being unfamiliar and unique is an advantage to the lefty pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-07T13:26:34.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="780" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-07T15:52:23.610" Score="5" ViewCount="1061" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a pitcher has a no-hitter or perfect game going there is a lot of superstition and etiquette surrounding what goes on in the field of play and in the dugout. The pitcher is expected to always sit in the same spot in the dugout between innings, the opposing team is expected not to try to bunt for a base hit in the late innings, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What amount of this etiquette/superstition does, or should, apply to the broadcasters or others who report on the game? Where does the duty to the fans and effectively communicating what is going on in the game (especially in radio where what you say is all you communicate) end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T18:37:10.590" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T18:37:10.590" Title="What is the broadcast etiquette when a pitcher has a perfect game?" Tags="|baseball|media|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="677" CreationDate="2012-05-07T16:52:08.497" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the relevant &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper,66,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If by his actions and positioning it is apparent to the umpires that he will not be able to discharge his duties as a wicket-keeper, he shall forfeit this right [to gloves and external leg guards] and also the right to be recognised as a wicket-keeper for the purposes of [other laws].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't seen the incident, but the umpire evidently opined that standing at the 30-yard circle is not a suitable position to discharge the duties as a wicket-keeper.  Which is probably reasonable, because the fielding side was probably trying to have an extra &quot;normal&quot; fielder to stop runs rather than someone tending to the wicket.  So the umpire advised the player to either come closer to a position suitable for a wicket-keeper, or he would have to take off his gloves and leg guards.  The alternative would be that the umpire does not advise the fielder and immediately calls him for illegal fielding, but that's not how things are typically done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-05-07T16:52:08.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="754" CreationDate="2012-05-07T16:58:20.970" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the only way to do it is by way of penalty runs.  Most straightforwardly, the batsmen could try to steal a run during the bowler's run up.  As soon as they cross, the umpires would call dead ball and award 5 penalty runs to the fielding side.  The batsmen return to their original ends.  Now the batting side needs 6 to win off one ball.  The bowler could then bowl a no ball or a wide allowing the batsmen to cross, which would score 2 runs.  Now the guy on 99 is on strike with one legal ball to go and needing 4 to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-05-07T16:58:20.970" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-05-07T16:58:56.563" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a &quot;should&quot; question makes this difficult to answer, but I'll try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The superstition by the players actually has some basis in reality.  The idea is to not inflate the event in the pitchers mind.  It's doubtful, but at many points throughout the game the pitcher may not even be aware of a perfect game or no hitter is in progress.  In any event, the idea that you could jinx it actually helps keep an atmosphere of normality around a pitcher who simply has a job to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Announcers and fans have no reason to abide by this superstition because the pitcher and other players should be largely unaware of what they are saying.  In practice, many fans will openly talk about a no-hitter or perfect game while it's in progress (I've witnessed both at Kenny Rogers perfect game against the Angels in Arlington) and networks will often &quot;cut in&quot; to a game in progress while a perfect game is alive in the late innings.  I've yet to see any restrictive etiquette around a broadcasters ability to talk about a perfect game/no hitter while in process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Knowing that baseball fans can often be as superstitious as the players themselves, some may have a problem with this.  You can't please everyone though, especially not those who don't live in reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-07T16:58:56.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="785" CreationDate="2012-05-07T21:02:56.923" Score="9" ViewCount="6475" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Major League Baseball an official no-hitter consists of a pitcher having pitched at least 9 innings while allowing 0 hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In MLB history has a team lost while having a pitcher throw an official no-hitter? If so what were the team(s)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T15:04:52.460" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T14:47:48.060" Title="MLB no-hitter resulting in loss" Tags="|baseball|mlb|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="784" CreationDate="2012-05-07T21:23:47.210" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running through the list of complete game no-hitters on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_no-hitters&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, there's only one loss by a pitcher that completed a no-hitter. As this &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Has_there_ever_been_a_no_hitter_loss_in_baseball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The only starting pitcher to lose a complete-game no-hitter was Ken&#xA;  Johnson of the Houston Colt 45s (pre-Astros), who lost to Cincinnati&#xA;  1-0 on April 23, 1964.&lt;/strong&gt; Johnson's throwing error allowed Pete Rose to&#xA;  get to second with one out in the top of the ninth. Chico Ruiz moved&#xA;  Rose to third on a ground ball, and second baseman Nellie Fox's error&#xA;  on a grounder by Vada Pinson let Rose score the game's only run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same page also notes a loss for a combined no-hitter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steve Barber (8 2/3 innings) and Stu Miller (1/3 inning) of the&#xA;  Baltimore Orioles lost a no-hitter to Detroit 2-1 on April 30, 1967.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The Tigers got both their runs when Barber walked Norm Cash and Ray&#xA;  Oyler to start the top of the ninth. Earl Wilson (who started for&#xA;  Detroit and got the win) bunted them over. After Willie Horton popped&#xA;  up, Barber threw a wild pitch, which let Dick Tracewski (running for&#xA;  Cash) score to make it 1-1. Miller came in to pitch to Don Wert, whose&#xA;  ground ball was booted by shortstop Mark Belanger, allowing Jake Wood&#xA;  (running for Oyler) to score the go-ahead run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By your question's definition of a no-hitter, the answer would be one game - Ken Johnson's start for the Houston Colt 45s against the Cincinnati Reds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have also been four 8 inning efforts that ended short for a full no-hitter due to the fact that the pitcher's team was losing. These were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jered Weaver(6 innings) and Jose Aredando (2 innings), for the Angels vs Dodgers in 2008&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andy Hawkins for the Yankees vs the White Sox in 1990&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matt Young for the Red Sox vs the Indians in 1992&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Silver King for the Chicago Pirates vs the Brooklyn's Ward Workers in 1890&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-19T15:16:24.247" LastActivityDate="2014-06-19T15:16:24.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="788" CreationDate="2012-05-07T22:35:06.113" Score="5" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;To throw a perfect game a pitcher would have to get 27 batters out in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times in MLB history has a pitcher had 26 strait outs only to allow the would be final batter to reach base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T13:25:54.030" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:15:42.120" Title="MLB near perfect game" Tags="|baseball|mlb|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="787" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-07T22:53:29.490" Score="6" ViewCount="1646" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today many MLB teams utilize numerous types of defensive alignments depending on the batter in order to gain a defensive advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which MLB manager was the first to implement an infield shift for his defense in order to gain said advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorUserId="448" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T19:42:27.130" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T19:42:27.130" Title="Who implemented the first infield shift?" Tags="|mlb|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="786" CreationDate="2012-05-08T02:28:35.103" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_perfect_games#Perfect_games_spoiled_by_the_27th_batter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, this has happened 13 times. The earliest on July 4, 1908 and the most recent on June 20, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T01:15:42.120" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:15:42.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="787" CreationDate="2012-05-08T02:32:57.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infield_shift&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says that this first happened in the 1920's, but apparently became most famous when employed against Ted Williams by Eddie Dyer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Minor supplemental info&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/da11d4a5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The only year that [Cy] Williams didn't bat .300 over that span was 1923,&#xA;  when he batted .293 and blasted 41 round-trippers to take over the NL&#xA;  career home-run record from Roger Connor. National League managers&#xA;  recognized that the best defense was to play him extremely deep and&#xA;  around toward right field&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like &quot;infield shift&quot; would be one of those things logged as an item of interest in a sports article, but I can't find anything definitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="152" LastEditDate="2012-05-08T17:50:05.273" LastActivityDate="2012-05-08T17:50:05.273" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="793" CreationDate="2012-05-08T19:39:11.080" Score="6" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the MLB record for the most walks (bases on balls) allowed in a single game (9 inning game) by a pitcher who ultimately still recorded the win? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T13:25:37.273" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T13:25:37.273" Title="Winning despite walking" Tags="|baseball|mlb|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="790" CreationDate="2012-05-08T20:04:00.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/box-scores/boxscore.php?boxid=194108010NYA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt;, Lefty Gomez gave up 11 walks and got the win (in a shutout, no less.)  As viewable &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/recbooks/walks_by_pitchers_records.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, there have been three 9-inning games in which 16 walks were given up, &lt;strike&gt;but I can't find the box scores to those particular games.&lt;/strike&gt;  but all of those were losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Looking at those pitchers directly, we can see that Bruno Haas didn't get the win as he has no career &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=haasbr01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wins&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=georgbi01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bill George&lt;/a&gt; pitched in 13 games that year and gave up 89 walks, 22 wild pitches and 14 hit batters.  I have no idea how he got the 3 wins that he did.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=vanhage01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;George Van Haltren&lt;/a&gt; had a pretty decent record that year, but again, I can't find box scores, so I don't know if he recorded the win or not. &lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of games where 13 walks were given up, but those were in extra innings, so I excluded those from my search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="152" LastEditDate="2012-05-08T20:42:23.843" LastActivityDate="2012-05-08T20:42:23.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="794" CreationDate="2012-05-08T20:16:15.420" Score="8" ViewCount="2055" Body="&lt;p&gt;For an everyday player the standard 5 game suspension for misconduct certainly hurts both the player and the team as a whole. Whereas, the same standard 5 game suspension for pitcher doesn't even result in a pitcher missing a start (next game). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are MLB pitchers suspended with the same standard procedures as everyday position players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-10T05:36:48.140" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:12:12.120" Title="Suspending a pitcher for misconduct" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|suspension|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="790" CreationDate="2012-05-08T20:25:42.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is 13. It has happened twice, once in a 10 inning game, and once in a 9 inning game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nine inning game was &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/schnepe01.shtml&quot;&gt;Pete Schneider&lt;/a&gt; for the Cincinnati Reds on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CIN/CIN191807060.shtml&quot;&gt;July 6th 1918&lt;/a&gt; against the Philadelphia Phillies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Reds beat the Phillies 10-9 in regulation. Schneider was charged with 6 runs, all in the 9th failing to record an out. The reliever that followed him also failed to record and out. Fred Toney was finally able to come in and get the save. No play by play is available so the exact order of events is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is for sure is that Schneider did give up 13 walks and still managed to take home the victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Retrosheet also has the box score &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1918/B07060CIN1918.htm&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-05-08T20:32:28.567" LastActivityDate="2012-05-08T20:32:28.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="792" CreationDate="2012-05-09T03:16:19.183" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, any player can play any position (unlike, say, rugby where certain positions can only be played by designated players). This is why it has been possible for a single player to play every single baseball position in a single game. There is nothing stopping a team playing their normal catcher as a pitcher or a starting pitcher in any other position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that MLB suspensions are equal for all players because pitchers are not officially registered as being pitchers. Consequently, the leagues do not enforce that a player always plays in a certain position. Therefore, MLB doesn't have the right to give a longer suspension to a player only because he &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; plays as a pitcher (even though everyone knows he actually is a pitcher). The equal suspensions for all players is probably part of the collective bargaining agreement between the leagues and the players' union.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastEditorUserId="253" LastEditDate="2012-05-09T15:06:19.627" LastActivityDate="2012-05-09T15:06:19.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="795" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="813" CreationDate="2012-05-09T19:29:59.630" Score="9" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Major League Baseball, any player can play any position. This seems to be the main reason a Pitcher is suspended with the same standard suspension as a position player. This despite a pitcher's suspension not being as likely to affect the team as perhaps a position player's suspension would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has Major League Baseball ever prevented a player from playing a specific position via suspension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastActivityDate="2012-05-14T22:27:44.373" Title="Preventing a player from playing a specific position via suspension" Tags="|baseball|mlb|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="798" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="799" CreationDate="2012-05-10T01:09:07.757" Score="9" ViewCount="3245" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NHL hockey when you receive a double minor penalty (4:00 penalty given for example high sticking leading to bleeding) does this count as 2 separate penalty kills if no goals are scored during the 4 minutes or does it only count as 1 penalty kill? And for that matter if a goal is scored in the first 2 minutes but not in the 2nd 2 minute penalty, is it considered one failure and one kill? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am just curious how this is kept statistically. But my guess would be that it counts as 2 penalty kills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="452" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T02:50:15.067" Title="Double Minor Penalty Kill Counts as 1 or 2 Kills?" Tags="|ice-hockey|statistics|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="798" CreationDate="2012-05-10T02:09:17.980" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A double minor counts as two separate penalties, one after the other. When keeping the game statistics, therefore, you count them separately as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leads to the situation where a four-minute double minor counts as two power-plays but a five minute major penalty counts as just a single power-play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastActivityDate="2012-05-10T02:09:17.980" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2012-05-10T10:31:33.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The front row players can half-stretch their arms during the serve, without moving them. They can move and shift their position only after the ball has crossed the net into the opponent court. Since the players are quite tall, stretching the arms above the net's height is considered a screening foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="453" LastActivityDate="2012-05-10T10:31:33.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="795" CreationDate="2012-05-12T04:02:00.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &lt;em&gt;starting&lt;/em&gt; pitchers are typically &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; suspended the same as position players.  Starting pitchers, in recent years, have been suspended based on the number of pitchers in their rotation, which these days is typically five.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, if MLB decides that a starting pitcher should be suspended for an amount of time that equals one game for a position player, then that pitcher is typically suspended for five days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, on May 7, 2012, Cole Hamels hit Bryce Harper with a pitch and, after the game, Hamels admitted that he hit Harper on purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB doesn't want to encourage such behavior, of course, so the next day, Hamels was suspended for five days, which, in this case, actually covers six games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The point here is that MLB is preventing Hamels from making his next start.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Philadelphia is stuck playing a man short for the five days of Hamels' suspension, though that's not as dire as it seems since Hamels would rarely be used in games where he isn't the starting pitcher.  However, in the game that he would have started, the Phillies will be starting a pitcher that may normally work out of the bullpen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastActivityDate="2012-05-12T04:02:00.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="774" CreationDate="2012-05-12T04:54:32.187" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It makes a huge difference if the pitcher's delivery isn't completely overhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a left-handed batter faces a left-handed pitcher throwing sidearm (or vice versa) it's downright intimidating.  It's much more difficult to track the ball out of the pitcher's hand, because the ball basically starts behind the hitter.  This also makes it feel like the ball is sneaking up on the batter (as if he has less time to respond) since he picks it up later with his eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a left-handed sidearm pitcher is throwing a sharp breaking ball to a left-handed batter... forget about it.  That's when you see lefties who hold opposing batters to batting averages under .200. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="459" LastActivityDate="2012-05-12T04:54:32.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3848" CreationDate="2012-05-13T12:13:42.330" Score="10" ViewCount="9012" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read the rules at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/EN/laws/5/19/175/during-the-match/touch-and-lineout/quick-throwin/#clause_175&quot;&gt;irblaws&lt;/a&gt; but I'm still confused: over there the most binding condition stated is &quot;A player must not take a quick throw-in after the lineout has formed&quot;, but quite often it appears like it can't be done if just a single opposing player is &quot;nearby&quot;. What is eluding me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:03:15.383" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T12:25:40.683" Title="Under what conditions can a player take a quick throw-in in rugby union?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="808" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="812" CreationDate="2012-05-14T17:13:43.777" Score="4" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the early 2000's digital cameras have been installed by MLB in stadiums to enhance broadcasting/media as well as to &lt;strong&gt;review the performance&lt;/strong&gt; of home plate umpires during baseball games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Umpires Association, are technologies such as &lt;strong&gt;Pitch F/X&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;QuesTech&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;K-Zone&lt;/strong&gt; improving the quality of umpiring behind the plate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T20:48:28.463" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T20:48:28.463" Title="Technology in Baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|mlb|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="809" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="811" CreationDate="2012-05-14T21:16:00.390" Score="7" ViewCount="1896" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen some managers bat their pitchers 8th. Tony LaRussa was one of the more noticeable ones. Is this move statistically sound? Why or why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ignore cases like Dontrelle Willis early in his career or Michah Owings, both of whom are good hitters anyway. I'm talking about run-of-the-mill, bad at hitting, pitchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T17:28:21.540" Title="Batting the pitcher 8th" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-14T22:11:10.650" Score="26" ViewCount="2464" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some rules in Major League Baseball that have &quot;evolved&quot; over time. One such example is the checked swing rule. Announcers talk about the bat &quot;breaking the plane of the plate&quot; to judge whether or not the batter checked his swing. The official MLB rules, however, say that a strike should be called if the hitter made an attempt to hit the pitch. It makes no mention of an imaginary &quot;plane&quot; that the bat must not break, yet it is common that this imaginary delimiter is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other &quot;traditions&quot; like this exist in Major League Baseball that are not in the official rules, but have existed for so long that they are treated as such?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastEditorUserId="1633" LastEditDate="2013-08-12T16:23:08.587" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T22:22:47.780" Title="What baseball rules or calls have become customary despite them not being in the rule book?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="809" CreationDate="2012-05-14T22:12:01.980" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;La Russa's penchant for batting the pitcher 8th got a fair amount of press a few years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/is-larussa-right-to-bat-his-pitcher-in-the-eight-slot/&quot;&gt;Link 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/2008-04-16-safety-in-numbers_N.htm&quot;&gt;Link 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This link from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.retrosheet.org/Research/RuaneT/lineup_art.htm&quot;&gt;Retrosheet&lt;/a&gt; does some significantly more detailed statistical analysis about general lineup composition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.retrosheet.org/Research/PankinM/larussa.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt; from 1999 that does a comparison between Larussa and Gant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These basically conclude that there is essentially no statistical difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, here is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beyondtheboxscore.com/2011/4/14/2110082/why-dont-sabermetric-gms-have-sabermetric-managers-and-shouldnt-they&quot;&gt;Sabermetric Guide to Managing&lt;/a&gt;.  It includes an optimized lineup and clearly claims that batting the pitcher 8th is better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-05-14T22:12:01.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="808" CreationDate="2012-05-14T22:25:24.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt that this would be public. The Umpire's Association is typically quiet about this kind of thing. They don't want to throw their members under the bus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they came out this year and said &quot;2012 is better than 2011&quot; but then don't say anything in 2013, it's safe to assume that there was a decline, but the Umpire's Association doesn't want to hurt their members publicly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpire discipline and performance review has always been pretty tight-lipped. AFAIK, this is no different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2012-05-14T22:25:24.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="795" CreationDate="2012-05-14T22:27:44.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware, there is no provision in the CBA or official rules that allows for a player to be banned from playing a specific position. It's either they are suspended, or they aren't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2012-05-14T22:27:44.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2012-05-14T23:04:53.483" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an interesting unwritten rule that actually gets contradicted in the official MLB rules.  The &quot;tie goes to the runner&quot; claim is one that most baseball fans have heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 6.05j states that &quot;a batter is out when after a third strike or&#xA;  after he hits a fair ball, he or first base is tagged before he&#xA;  touches first base.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case the rules claim the ball must arrive first.  Giving the tie to the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 7.08e states that &quot;any runner is out when he fails to reach the&#xA;  next base before a fielder tags him or the base&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it is the runner that must reach the base before the ball, giving the tie to the defensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the tie goes to the runner, you know, sometimes or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-14T23:04:53.483" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="815" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-15T15:56:40.620" Score="5" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many teams sign long-term local TV deals of 10 years or more. Many times these deals end up being poor and below market-value after a few years. The Pittsburg Pirates deal being a good example (only about 40 million USD per year). It seems that teams that don't have their own networks, like NESN or YES get a bit screwed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do teams keep signing these deals? What is the benefit to them if they typically end up being bad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2012-05-17T13:46:27.437" Title="Why do many franchises sign long-term TV deals" Tags="|baseball|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="816" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="818" CreationDate="2012-05-15T18:57:20.240" Score="8" ViewCount="4125" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many MLB contracts are backloaded. For example, Alex Rodriguez will be making over $30 million USD per year at the end of his deal &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=3153171&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2017&lt;/a&gt;, much higher than the average annual value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that clubs sometimes do this to ease the burden on the luxury tax at the beginning, but as players age, they typically decline, causing all of those dollars committed at the end of the contract to be an albatross. Why do we not see clubs front-loading contracts, where they will pay the most for a player while he is in his prime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T14:23:48.090" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:23:48.090" Title="Why are large MLB contracts backloaded?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="815" CreationDate="2012-05-15T23:18:36.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A naive guess would be the charm of guaranteed income over hypothetical income. Don't know how the finances are run in trade based sports (as in american leagues) but in transfer based leagues, teams often try and spend only the money that they know they have/will have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again another difference is probably in the tv coverage of teams, most European leagues have centralized TV deals, profits of which are then distributed to teams based on their estimated viewership or public interest. In a scenario where teams sign their own deals, I presume the better teams with more fans will get the majority of the deals, while lesser teams try to get the best they can find. If that's a long term deal then it might even be preferable since it means that they dont have to worry about trying to find the best deal again the coming year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I mentioned earlier I am not too familiar with the system in the U.S. but I tried to mention some possible motives for signing long term TV-deals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-05-15T23:18:36.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="816" CreationDate="2012-05-16T13:27:55.213" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many good reasons and many bad reason to back load a longterm deal for a baseball player. Lets start with the good:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Revenues/luxury tax limits are likely to be higher later on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You have more time to plan for the expense, rather than having to pay it now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You might be able to trade all or part of that contract to another team, thus sharing the cost of the later years of the deal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can amortize some of the premium you pay right now to a player over a longer term.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is always a chance the player might retire before the deal is up allowing you out of the final years.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However, the primary reason for back loading a deal is to give you a competitive advantage during the player's prime. If you can pay them a lower rate right now you have more money (and luxury tax room) available to surround your high dollar free agent with the talent needed to compete.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally there are plenty of reasons not to do this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You end up paying a premium for past performance. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You end up chewing up a huge chunk of your payroll for a player that is well past his prime and cannot produce at the level his salary dictates&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player becomes impossible to trade, and very difficult to release. Because contracts are guaranteed, the player is assured of seeing every dime of his contract regardless of whether he is playing or not, this means that making a case to ownership to release a player owed 18+ million at the end of his deal is very difficult (Alfonso Soriano is a great example of this).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can saddle a potentially competitive team with an albatross of a contract by serious limiting payroll flexibility if you manage to compete longer than your expected window.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this to say that backloading a contract is not always a negative, if you have a limited payroll and a limited window to compete then you might want to use a backloaded deal in order to be even more competitive than a balanced deal would allow you to be. However this comes with some serious risk if you either do not manage to win a world series or if you manage to stay competitive longer than you planned. This is a challenging business situation and I do not see this as quite a cut and dried situation as the media sometimes makes it out to be. However, it can go incredibly badly if it is done poorly or too often (see 2010-13 Chicago Cubs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T01:14:46.343" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T01:14:46.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="819" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="820" CreationDate="2012-05-16T20:28:05.090" Score="8" ViewCount="644" Body="&lt;p&gt;At times Major League Baseball teams place an underperforming player on the DL (Disabled List). It seems the DL would be meant for players who are injured and or are returning from injury. Why aren't more stringent reviews (evaluations) of player health put in place by the MLB to ensure the player is actually injured prior to placement on the DL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-08T15:12:24.140" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T15:12:24.140" Title="Use of the Disabled List" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|disabled-list|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="819" CreationDate="2012-05-17T00:37:13.060" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happens so much that Grey at &lt;a href=&quot;http://razzball.com&quot;&gt;razzball&lt;/a&gt; even has a term for it. The &quot;Disgraceful List.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with regulating this is that the MLB is very concerned about protecting their players. If the office of the commissioner incorrectly rejected a DL stint for someone that was actually hurt and the Player's Union could prove that there was indeed an injury, there would be hell to pay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no doubt that the disabled list is abused from time to time, but keep in mind that putting a player on the 15-day DL doesn't add an additional spot to the 40 man roster, it only allows for a player on the 40-man roster to be called up to the active 25-man roster. It adds to that player's arbitration/FA clock and uses an option year if they haven't been called up yet. Basically, it benefits both parties, the MLB and the MLBPA to turn a blind eye to players landing on the Disgraceful List.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tl;dr&lt;/strong&gt; - It's not worth it for the Commissioner's Office to battle the MLBPA over it, especially when some of the &quot;injuries&quot; are things like &quot;arm fatigue&quot; or other conditions that can't be accurately measured by a doctor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2012-05-17T00:37:13.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="824" CreationDate="2012-05-17T12:48:01.853" Score="22" ViewCount="3757" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a little conversation one of my football friends and we had this interesting situation come up during the conversation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3/how-is-offside-determined-in-soccer&quot;&gt;offside rule&lt;/a&gt;, the offending player should not be closer to the goal than the second-to-last defender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what if at the point of the player receiving the ball, one of the defenders go out of play? Like for example, the goal keeper or the other defender is injured or goes out of the field. Would it still be considered an offside because there is only a single defender between the offending player and the goal? If yes, why can't this rule be exploited to effectively nullify the goal scored, if any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="255" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T04:39:46.530" Title="Can the second-to-last defender cause an offside by leaving the field of play?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="815" CreationDate="2012-05-17T13:46:27.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many times these long term contracts come with large amounts of cash up front, as is the case with the Texas rangers new 20 year $3billion deal with Fox Sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It doesn't take effect until 2015, but the Rangers received $160 million cash up front and an equity stake in Fox Sports Southwest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/story/2012-02-06/MLB-teams-using-lucrative-TV-deals-to-sign-talent/53032284/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/story/2012-02-06/MLB-teams-using-lucrative-TV-deals-to-sign-talent/53032284/1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That article also goes on to state the viewership of a team like the Yankees on the YES network (318,000 average) vs a smaller market team like the Royals (32,000).  Taken in that context, the Pittsburgh deal may not be all that bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may not be the best thing for parity in the league, but considering many teams are getting large front loaded contracts, equity stakes in TV networks that can be worth more than their franchises, and predictable cash flow, these deals can be a huge win for organizations.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-17T13:46:27.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="850" CreationDate="2012-05-17T14:13:59.633" Score="10" ViewCount="685" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen some guesswork on the web around the economic impact fantasy sports has had on tv viewership and general product sales.  However, I can't find any hard research on what the effect on ticket sales has been in the past 15 years or so since fantasy sports has boomed into the tens of millions of participants.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given fantasy football and fantasy baseball are the most popular, I'd be most interested to see if those sports have had a measurable increase in attendance that can be reasonably tied to the rise in fantasy sports popularity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T13:14:45.533" LastActivityDate="2023-04-06T04:07:17.423" Title="How does the rise in popularity of fantasy sports affect league ticket sales?" Tags="|nfl|mlb|finances|fantasy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="821" CreationDate="2012-05-17T14:39:10.827" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;You count all the players on the field. It doesn't matter if they are lying on the field, looking anywhere else or what are they doing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender goes outside of the field because of a situation of the game (e.g. can't stop his run), he is still counted. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender is outside of the field receiving medical attention, he is not counted (he was out of the field before the ball was in play).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender steps out of the field on purpose, then he is not only counted, he should be cautioned (shown a yellow card) for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-03-05T04:39:46.530" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T04:39:46.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="849" CreationDate="2012-05-17T20:00:00.430" Score="8" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;I currently have a 30 pound bow which is rather light for me, and I'd like to purchase a new one.  I'm guessing 45-50#, but I'm not sure.  I'm thinking 60# would probably be too heavy (trying to imagine pulling twice the weight of what I have now), but I don't know about that either.  Then again, it might be 40#.  I'm 16 years old, 5' 9&quot;, 140 lbs, and not quite in optimal physical condition (~25 pushups straight).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not necessarily asking for you to give me a poundage off of those metrics, but I'd like to know what the right weight should feel like when I'm pulling a bow.  Also, does it matter if I go for a heavier bow, if I'm planning ahead for when (hopefully) I'm more physically fit?  Or should I plan to get a new bow after I &quot;grow out&quot; of the next one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="320" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-05-18T18:48:12.140" LastActivityDate="2013-03-29T11:14:14.667" Title="When selecting a bow, how can I find out what a good poundage for me would be?" Tags="|equipment|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-05-19T17:52:37.883" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that football players often talk about being level with the second last defender; but the FIFA offside rule is now much more precise. At the instant the ball leaves the attacking player the offside vertical plane is fixed at the part of the second defender (other than his arms) which is closest to the goal line. At that instant, if any part of another attacking player has any part of their body (except the arms) beyond that plain they are potentially offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="480" LastActivityDate="2012-05-19T17:52:37.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="828" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-19T20:37:06.810" Score="10" ViewCount="741" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a fan of ice hockey, I've become accustomed to the benefits of video review. The NHL does it right. There is one VAR room where all video reviews are done for the entire league, which leads to a high degree of consistency. The officials do not leave the playing surface or view the video themselves, but when the video review is uncertain the official ruling on the ice stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this not done in association football? I suspect that the answer is that the people who make the decisions are, like me, over 60. This leads to my real question. Could an individual league such as the Barclays Premiere League, or MLS in North America, chose to use video review or does FIFA prevent this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="480" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T01:10:59.717" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T20:51:08.687" Title="Can a football (soccer) league decide to use video review?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|video-review|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="829" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-05-20T06:49:59.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of July 2015, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/q/579&quot;&gt;community consensus is that fantasy sports are now off-topic on Sports Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt;. Any fantasy sports questions will be closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user14817" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T15:11:51.307" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T15:11:51.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="830" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-05-20T06:49:59.397" Score="0" Body="[OFF-TOPIC]: Questions regarding fantasy sports are now off-topic on Sports Stack Exchange." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user14817" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T16:47:33.917" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T16:47:33.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="855" CreationDate="2012-05-20T09:03:45.800" Score="6" ViewCount="1268" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a play-off match in some national field-hockey league and the match ended with the teams level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always thought that draws were decided based on a penalty series (like soccer). In this case however, the game ended with a shoot-out where one player starts far from the goal, and tries to beat the goal keeper in a solo rush (like hockey). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a new official rule, or is this a try out for this league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="392" LastEditDate="2018-04-05T06:17:58.703" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T06:17:58.703" Title="Decision after draw in extra time in field hockey" Tags="|rules|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2012-05-21T15:15:37.127" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well.. it can be use in a non official way. The rules clearly states that no one but the referee can make decisions over the course of the game. He can ask the field assistants about game related issues, but he has the last word about it. Rugby use tech to sort out difficult plays (usually to know if a try is Ok or not). And in that case there is a referee looking at a tv screen that makes the call. But in the case of football, there are still argument that tv review will kill the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I saw that even Basketball use it (didn't know about it, but happens on SA-Clipper game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since football rules are a lot about interpretation of what just has happen (eg: not always touching the ball with the hand is a foul), FIFA is still arguing that it will just cut the game momentum (but in other sports is ok). So since football is a business (IMHO), I think they didn't want to put on problems minor leagues (on poor countries), since if it is mandatory, it will involve a lot of effort. But again, usually not all rules are mandatory, so we will never know the real reason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of mark on the field (using a spray can with foam) was first tested on the second division of the argentina league, for about two years. Now is used in all america, But I don't remember if it is used anywhere else. Every rule is tested for a long long time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will look for the newspaper article, But I readed that they will test the goal cam on some upcoming matches. (the rules are usually tested on young players championships).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2012-05-21T15:15:37.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="834" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-22T01:12:33.580" Score="5" ViewCount="640" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any strategy or reason to draft another car in NASCAR races? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:22:50.830" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:22:50.830" Title="What is the purpose of drafting in nascar races?" Tags="|auto-racing|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="834" CreationDate="2012-05-22T01:33:05.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It saves fuel since the car in front has to spend more energy to cut through the air resistance while the car drafting does not (as much).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The low-pressure wake behind a group's leading car reduces the aerodynamic resistance on the front of the trailing car allowing the second car to pull closer. As the second car nears the first it pushes high-pressure air forward so less fast-moving air hits the lead car's spoiler. The result is less drag for both cars, allowing faster speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafting_%28aerodynamics%29&quot;&gt;Drafting (aerodynamics)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastActivityDate="2012-05-22T01:33:05.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="838" CreationDate="2012-05-22T04:20:18.487" Score="14" ViewCount="7870" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I attended an interview, in which the interviewer asked me how many types of out are there in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I counted on my fingers and said 6. He said it was wrong and told me that there are a total of 11 outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-05-23T17:32:33.060" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T11:15:31.907" Title="How many distinct ways are there to get out in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="836" CreationDate="2012-05-22T18:57:50.927" Score="18" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bowled&lt;/em&gt; (a delivery hits the stumps and dislodges a bail)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Timed out&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman takes over 3 minutes to enter the field of play after a wicket falls)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Caught&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman hits the ball and a fielder catches it before it bounces)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Handled the ball&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman deliberately touches the ball with a hand that is not holding the bat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hit the ball twice&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman deliberately hits the ball twice)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hit wicket&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman dislodges a bail with his person or bat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Leg before wicket&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman's person prevents a delivery from hitting the wicket)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman illegitimately obstructs the fielding side)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Run out&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman's wicket is put down when he is outside his crease while attempting a run)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stumped&lt;/em&gt; (the striker's wicket is put down when he is outside his crease and not attempting a run)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Retired - out&lt;/em&gt; (the batsman retires for any reason other than &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-batsman-commencing-innings,1338,AR.html&quot;&gt;&quot;illness, injury or any other unavoidable cause&quot;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of these explanations are oversimplifications - see the relevant Laws for the precise details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T13:07:20.817" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T13:07:20.817" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2012-05-22T19:28:39.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding your first subquestion, why is this not done in association football:  The governing bodies are very much concerned that the game is played at all levels according to the same rules.  Local club football would obviously not be able to use any kind of video review, and therefore the way players and officials approach the game at different levels would be different.  For example, referees might be more or less likely to give certain decisions if they could review them on video, and players might play certain kinds of tackles more or less if they knew that video review could exonerate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also a concern that this would create more interruptions, but I think that is secondary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, could an individual league do this anyway?  Well, a league can do whatever it wants, really, as long as they comply with certain basics, like sporting codes and anti-doping regulations.  They don't have to follow the official rules 100%.  Major League Soccer, for example, has experimented with numerous rule changes.  Or a league could play the whole game indoor on a smaller field, which of course many in fact do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if FIFA or UEFA, say, feel strongly about this, and I think they do, they could sanction anyone who tries by saying, for example, only teams that play without video review can participate in the World Cup or the Champions League.  That would probably convince everyone.  There are many quite benign regulations like that, in fact.  For example, you need to play on natural grass if you want to try to participate in the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-05-22T19:28:39.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="840" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="841" CreationDate="2012-05-23T09:45:46.777" Score="12" ViewCount="11309" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a fielder takes a catch and the ball touches the ground (ball is in hand only, but it’s touching the ground at the same time), is it considered as out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="485" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-22T13:09:04.280" LastActivityDate="2023-01-08T00:56:02.153" Title="Ball touching the ground during a catch in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="840" CreationDate="2012-05-23T10:23:49.250" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the condition is like this, A part of the ball is touching the ground when the catch is taken by the fielder,then the batsmen will not be given out. For a clean catch the no part of the ball should touch the ground .&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For more details check &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-23T04:07:25.190" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T04:07:25.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="846" CreationDate="2012-05-23T18:06:53.753" Score="13" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a road bicycle race, like Giro d'Italia or Tour de France, cyclists have to share the road with the support cars and often ride just behind them. Don’t they mind the exhausts from the cars, or do the exhausts inconvenience them? Do the cars have any special equipment to reduce the harmfulness of their exhausts (or, at least, is there regulation requiring the cars to fulfill some stricter norms)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T00:41:14.350" Title="Are cyclists inconvenienced by support car exhausts?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="809" CreationDate="2012-05-23T20:00:17.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If two people strike out, or get out in any other fashion, and 3 people get onto base, your 6th and 7th hitters have a chance to bring in runs by getting a hit. Thus pushing the pitcher back to 8th to allow for this extreme scenario of giving your self two chance to get a run score after immediately getting two outs at the start of your lineup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;get-out get-out on-base on-base on-base hit=run hit=run pitcher last man&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="490" LastActivityDate="2012-05-23T20:00:17.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="844" CreationDate="2012-05-24T00:41:14.350" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having ridden in traffic, on 6 lanes roads, even on highways (with shoulders) I can say the exhaust is a non-issue.  Considering how few support cars there actually are, compared to a 6 lane road, I would say it is not even noticeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T00:41:14.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="840" CreationDate="2012-05-24T12:58:24.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not considered as out as, for a clean catch, no part of the ball must be touching the ground at the moment the catch is taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="492" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-22T13:09:22.727" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T13:09:22.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="766" CreationDate="2012-05-24T14:12:13.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coincidental minors are given when a penalty for one team offsets a penalty of another team and play resumes with 4 on 4.  If an additional penalty is given on top of the coincidental minors, the 2 minors still offset each other but the additional penalty results on a 5 on 4 powerplay.  The coincidental minors will expire at the first stoppage after the assessed penalty duration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="325" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T14:12:13.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="825" CreationDate="2012-05-24T20:11:53.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Guidance from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huntingnet.com/articles/article_detail.aspx?articles_id=481&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;huntingnet.com&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb, the shooter should be able to comfortably draw the&#xA;  bow back without straining or lifting the bow up over his head in&#xA;  order to draw it back, and hold it back for at least 60 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also state that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bows in the fifty to seventy pound draw weight will work just fine for&#xA;  most shooters&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you have been used to a 30 pound bow I would suggest a 50 would be on the upper end of what you would want to move to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T20:11:53.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="823" CreationDate="2012-05-24T21:04:29.633" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is definitely different for every sport, so I think it is hard to make a general statement. So, I will attempt to answer the question from the point-of-view of fantasy football and the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is evidence to show that it actually &lt;strong&gt;hurts&lt;/strong&gt; ticket sales. In 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://voices.yahoo.com/nfl-requiring-all-32-teams-show-9134731.html&quot;&gt;the NFL will require that teams show fantasy statistics at all stadiums&lt;/a&gt;. The belief is that fans are staying home to keep track of their fantasy football teams instead of buying tickets and attending games. Since &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsbusinessdigest.com/2010/09/nfl-ticket-revenue-will-fall-does-it-matter/&quot;&gt;ticket sales have been on the decline&lt;/a&gt;* for the past 5 years or so and subscriptions to services like NFL Red Zone and NFL Ticket are on the increase, it would stand to reason that the increase in popularity does not necessarily mean an increase in ticket sales. While this may be good for the NFL, it is not good for the individual clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting that this impacts the NFL harder than other sports due to the fact that at least 50% of their games are played at 1:00PM ET on Sundays. So, if you are attending a game, you are likely missing out on the majority of other games going on that week. The impact may not be nearly as severe with fantasy baseball or fantasy basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*: warning- article is dated 2010, but the 2011 data was skewed due to the lockout and the 2012 data is not yet available&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2012-05-24T21:04:29.633" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="856" CreationDate="2012-05-25T10:42:56.853" Score="8" ViewCount="3534" Body="&lt;p&gt;When holding my clubs, I have always adopted a &quot;baseball bat&quot; style grip.  I've played like this for a few years and haven't had any noticeable issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a lot of players, both pro and amateur, use a grip with two interlocking fingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the benefits of this grip?  Is it worth changing or is it personal preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-25T13:08:39.030" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T11:37:26.933" Title="What are the benefits of interlocking the fingers on club grip?" Tags="|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="77" CreationDate="2012-05-25T11:35:58.573" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add some illustration to the existing good question and answers.  The top five goalscoring (excluding penalty kicks) defenders in the history of the Premier League are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;John Terry (26)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;William Gallas (24)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dan Petrescu (23)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sami Hyypia (22)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;John Arne Riise (21)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from this, you've got Terry and Hyypia who are very dominant in the air, thus being a great asset from corners and free kicks.  Riise and Petrescu are known for their attacking wing play as well as Riise being a free-kick specialist.  Gallas, whilst used to playing more centrally, had a spell as a left-wing-back for Chelsea and, at Arsenal and Tottenham, does like to get forward at all opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, if you include penalties, the top five would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;David Unsworth - Goals: 38 (22 penalties)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ian Harte - Goals: 28 (10 penalties)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;John Terry - Goals: 26 (no penalties)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Julian Dicks - Goals: 24 (15 penalties)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;William Gallas - Goals: 24 (no penalties)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-25T16:32:25.110" LastActivityDate="2012-05-25T16:32:25.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="765" CreationDate="2012-05-25T12:45:25.217" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some corrections to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It seems to me like a bad divorce between the 22 involved clubs and&#xA;  the FA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nope, it was a divorce between the 22 clubs and the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Football League&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The Football League is different from the FA. In fact the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_of_the_Premier_League&quot;&gt;foundation of the Premier League&lt;/a&gt; states &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The five (big) clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press&#xA;  ahead with it, however the league would have no credibility without&#xA;  the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal&#xA;  F.C. held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The&#xA;  FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at&#xA;  the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's&#xA;  position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now to the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why did the FA agree to rename its divisions and that the highest&#xA;  ranked league will become the second tier of English football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As earlier, the FA pushed this idea. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20080411034859/http://www.football-league.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10794,00.html&quot;&gt;web archive article&lt;/a&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But rumblings of discontent had started in 1991 with the FA's&#xA;  unveiling of their 'Blueprint for Football' which put forward the idea&#xA;  of a Super League of 18 clubs. The Football League strongly resisted&#xA;  the proposals, but on June 14, 1991 16 First Division clubs signed a&#xA;  document of intent to join the newly named Premier League. Eventually&#xA;  all 22 First Division clubs tendered their resignation from the League&#xA;  and, after months of financial wranglings and threats of a players'&#xA;  strike, the PL became official on September 23. &lt;strong&gt;The FA agreed to&#xA;  continue with three up and three down promotion and relegation&lt;/strong&gt;, vowed&#xA;  to reduce the Premier League to 20 and struck a record five-year&#xA;  &amp;pound;304 million television deal with Sky and BBC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case it seems that the &lt;em&gt;FA actually agreed with the Football League to allow promotions for 3 teams from the Championship&lt;/em&gt; rather than keep it a closed shop, in order that those teams get part of the earnings. Note in the Premier League, your final standings at the end of the year specify the % of the Sky TV kitty you take home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even though positions 18 - 20 are relegated, they will get a proportional share of the TV earnings. There is an incentive to be 18th, rather than 20th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In each year, there is a chance for 3 teams from the Championship to get into the Premier League TV revenue. and 3 teams fall out of the Premier League too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastActivityDate="2012-05-25T12:45:25.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="831" CreationDate="2012-05-25T16:18:41.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIH trialled the one-on-one shootout method (as opposed to &amp;quot;from-the-spot&amp;quot; shots) in the 2010 Champions Trophy and Champions Challenge as well as the Azlan Shah playoffs on the 15th May 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These trials were to see if it was a suitable alternative to put in place for the 2012 London Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the shoot-out, the striker starts the one-on-one attack against the goalkeeper from 23 yards. The striker has eight seconds to enter the striking circle and score. He is allowed to flick, push, drive or dribble past the custodian, who can come off the goalline to try and deny him a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the penalty-strokes tie-breaker, if the deadlock persists after the five mandatory attempts by each team, the shoot-out will go into sudden-death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following the successful trials, the FIH has adopted this rule for all classification fixtures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umpirehockey.com/Rules_and_Briefings_17/Shootouts_to_make_FIH_debut.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this briefing which has more detail&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-05-25T16:27:56.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="852" CreationDate="2012-05-25T16:51:06.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How tight you hold the club may be just as or even more important than what style of grip you use. From what I can tell choosing a grip appears to be a &lt;strong&gt;personal preference&lt;/strong&gt;. I wouldn't switch from the grip you are currently using unless you &lt;strong&gt;really&lt;/strong&gt; feel you need a change. :–) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it should be noted that there are always people who have strong opinions on what is best. &lt;a href=&quot;http://perfectgolfswingreview.net/grip.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perfect Golf Swing Review&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; states that the use of either the Interlocking grip or Vardon Overlap grip is very important. Saying that the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Baseball grip promotes a flipping &lt;em&gt;of the wrist(s)&lt;/em&gt; in the late downswing, which is a major swing fault&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following article from &lt;em&gt;golf.about.com&lt;/em&gt; does a very good job describing the three primary grips. Your grip is on the list (Baseball Grip). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/golftips/ss/griptypes.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Holding the Handle - The Three Primary Grips&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Vardon Overlap, sometimes called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/golftips/ss/griptypes_2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Overlapping Grip&lt;/a&gt;, is the&#xA;  most common grip among great players. &lt;em&gt;Not one of the two mentioned by&#xA;  your question&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The next most common grip is called the Interlock, or&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/golftips/ss/griptypes_3.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Interlocking&lt;/a&gt;. This grip is very popular on the LPGA Tour and has&#xA;  been used by many top male players including Jack Nicklaus and Tiger&#xA;  Woods. This grip literally locks the hands together, but the golfer&#xA;  also runs the risk of having the handle stray into the palms of the&#xA;  hands. People with small hands, weak forearms and wrists, and&#xA;  beginners in many cases prefer this style of grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Ten Finger grip (sometimes called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/golftips/ss/griptypes_4.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baseball Grip&lt;/a&gt;) is the&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;least preferred grip&lt;/strong&gt; among teachers. It does, however, have its&#xA;  advantages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;People who experience joint pain, have arthritis or small, weak hands&#xA;  often benefit by using the Ten Finger grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Holding the Handle - The Three Primary Grips (golf.about.com)&#xA;From Michael Lamanna, Director of Instruction, The Phoenician&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorUserId="448" LastEditDate="2012-05-26T21:32:37.783" LastActivityDate="2012-05-26T21:32:37.783" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="859" CreationDate="2012-05-25T18:06:29.973" Score="16" ViewCount="117125" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read the rules for determining Wins, Losses and Saves for pitchers, and I've never been able to make heads or tails of it.  Is there an easier way to explain it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="497" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T08:34:09.157" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T02:59:39.243" Title="What are the criteria for wins, losses, and saves in MLB?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="857" CreationDate="2012-05-25T19:15:28.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitcher of record can be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the starter for the winning team goes 5+ innings and leaves with a lead that is not relinquished he is the winning pitcher&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the starter for the losing team leaves without the lead and his team does not regain it or tie, he is the loser.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the starter leaves with the lead, but does not pitch 5 innings, and his team maintains the lead, the scorekeeper assigns the win to the &quot;most effective reliever&quot; (score keeper's discretion)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a team gains the lead after the starter leaves and maintains that lead, the win is assigned to the current reliever.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a team loses the lead after the start has been removed and does not regain it, the loss is assigned to the current pitcher (even if he is not charged with the runs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_%28baseball%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Saves&lt;/a&gt; are a bit more complicated. The rules are as follows (no starter may get a save)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher who enters with the lead and pitches at least the final 9 outs gets a save.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher who enters the game with a 3 or fewer run lead and finishes the game&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher who enters the game with the tying run on base, at-bat or on deck and finishes the game with the lead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T12:07:35.860" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T12:07:35.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="857" CreationDate="2012-05-25T19:21:56.830" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbiage is a little thick on these rules, so maybe some examples will help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The winning pitcher is defined as the pitcher who last pitched prior to the half-inning when the winning team took the lead for the last time.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Exception 1, the starting pitcher must pitch at least 5 innings to be eligible for a win.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Exception 2, if a relief pitcher, who would normally be in line for a win, makes a &quot;brief appearance&quot; and is deemed ineffective, the official scorer can grant the win to the succeeding relief pitcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #1&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing The Cubs in STL.  The Cards bat in the bottom of each inning.  The score is 0-0 until the bottom of the 7th inning in which the Cardinals score a run.  The game ends with the score 1-0.  The Cardinals pitcher that pitched the top half of the 7th inning would be the winning pitcher of record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #1a&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  At the end of 4 innings, the Cardinals are winning 9-8 in a slugfest.  The Cardinals swap out their starting pitcher with a long reliever and end up winning 9-8.  The Long Reliever would be the winning pitcher of record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #1b&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  At the end of 6 innings, the score is 0-0.  In the top half of the 7th, with 2 outs, the Cardinals insert a reliever, he throws one pitch to get the final out.  In the bottom half, the Cardinals score a run.  In the top half of the 8th, the Cardinals insert a new reliever who pitches all of the 8th inning.  The Cardinals win 1-0.  The Official Scorer could decide that the reliever who pitched the 8th inning is the winning pitcher of record.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The losing pitcher is the pitcher who allows the go-ahead run to reach base for a lead that the winning team never relinquishes.  Note:  A starting pitcher does not have to pitch 5 innings to qualify for the loss.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #2&lt;/strong&gt;: The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  In the bottom of the 6th inning, with the score 1-1, the Cardinals hit a home run.  They win the game with the score of 2-1.  The Cubs pitcher who gave up the Home Run is the Losing Pitcher of record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #2a&lt;/strong&gt;: The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  In the bottom of the 6th inning, with the score 1-1, the Cubs pitcher gives up a Double.  The Cubs replace that pitcher.  The new pitcher gives up a Single and the running on 2nd scores.  The game ends with the score 2-1.  The Cubs pitcher that gave up the Double would be the Losing Pitcher of record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #2b&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  The Cards score 7 runs in the first inning and the Cubs starter is lifted after only getting 1 out.  The Cards eventually win 7-2.  The Cubs starting pitcher is the Losing Pitcher of record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saves are awarded to a pitcher if&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. He finishes the game for his team.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. His team wins.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. He is not the winning pitcher.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. He has logged at least one out.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. He meets one of the following:  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Enters the game with a lead of no more than three runs and pitches at least one full inning.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Enters the game with the potential tying run on base, at bat or on deck.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitches at least 3 innings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #3&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL.  The Cards have the lead in the top of the ninth by a score of 1-0.  The Cards bring in a relief pitcher and he strikes out the side.  That reliever would be awarded the save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example #3a&lt;/strong&gt;:  The Cardinals are playing the Cubs in STL. The Cards have the lead in the top of the ninth by a score of 5-0.  The Cards bring in a relief pitcher and he strikes out the side.  No save is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T16:26:47.850" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T16:26:47.850" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="861" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-27T01:18:14.183" Score="3" ViewCount="961" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was arguing this with my friend. He claims that if a quarterback sees that his receiver is much faster, he should throw a quick pass and let the receiver juke his way past the cornerback. My argument is that the receiver should get downfield as fast as possible and have the quarterback throw a deep pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the absence of safety help&lt;/strong&gt;, what is the correct play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="500" LastActivityDate="2012-05-29T21:18:22.633" Title="When a quarterback sees a reciever/cornerback mismatch, what is the correct throw?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T21:13:01.147" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="806" CreationDate="2012-05-27T15:52:56.907" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The lineout is deemed to be formed when two or more players &lt;strong&gt;from each team&lt;/strong&gt; have assembled within 5-15 metres of the throw-in location.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any player who approaches the touchline is presumed to be part of a lineout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up to this point, the thrower can opt to take a quick throw-in.  Tactically however, and as gbianchi comments, the thrower is unlikely to opt for a quick throw in if there is an opponent in the vicinity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Legally, however, there could be only one opponent and one team mate near the throw-in position and a quick throw would be lawful under the rules of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-05-27T15:52:56.907" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2012-05-27T17:09:56.300" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not posting this as an answer to rival the others as I feel they are excellent answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is pertinent to the question, it's interesting and it is going to be longer than a comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why it's better to be the home team&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read a number of articles over the years about how playing an away game can be a considerable disadvantage above the obvious difference in supporter numbers.  Here are some that I recall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Middlesbrough's Riverside Stadium's away team dressing room is 'L'-shaped.  Not only does this subconciously suggest &quot;Lose&quot; but it makes inter-team communication more difficult as the manager has to talk around a corner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It was noted that some away dressing rooms had the tactics board in full view of the corridor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;During a Champion's league game between Chelsea and Barcelona it was suggested that the away team dressing room only had three working showers and one mirror.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Away teams have considerably less space to get prepared.  The home side often has adequate locker space for 4 or 5 pairs of boots and plenty of bench space to get ready whereas away dressing rooms are often smaller, more cramped affairs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Simple luxuries.  Huge TV screens, ice baths, carpets, more treatment tables etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I recall Roy Keane ensuring that Sunderland's away dressing room had pictures of Sunderland winning all over it as a bit of a mind game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The away team probably slept in a hotel the night before the match whereas the home players would have slept in their own beds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The away team may have travelled a considerable distance/time and may be fatigued as a result.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, a couple of interesting articles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/feb/03/features.sportmonthly16&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/why-home-advantage-has-become-a-thing-of-the-past-6289429.html&quot;&gt;The Independent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here's a BBC Magazine article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18496396&quot;&gt;&quot;The Science of Home Advantage&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T08:18:48.577" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T08:18:48.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="864" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-05-27T18:38:38.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxing is a martial art and combat sport in which two people engage in a contest of strength, reflexes, and endurance by throwing punches at an opponent with the goal of a knockout with gloved hands. also known as pugilism, prize fighting, the sweet science or in Greek pygmachia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international games - it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of one to three minute intervals called rounds. The result is decided when an opponent is deemed incapable to continue by a referee, is disqualified for breaking a rule, resigns by throwing in a towel, or is pronounced the winner or loser based on the judges' scorecards at the end of the contest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The birth hour of boxing as a sport may be its acceptance by the ancient Greeks as an Olympic game as early as 688 BC. Boxing evolved from 16th and 18th century prizefights (detailed further down the page), largely in Great Britain, to the forerunner of modern boxing in the mid 19th century, again initially in Great Britain and later in the United States. In 2004, ESPN ranked boxing as the most difficult sport in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:40:58.653" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:40:58.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="865" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-05-27T18:38:38.883" Score="0" Body="Boxing is a martial art and combat sport in which two people engage in a contest of strength, reflexes, and endurance by throwing punches at an opponent with the goal of a knockout with gloved hands. also known as pugilism, prize fighting, the sweet science or in Greek pygmachia." OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:09.243" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:09.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-05-27T19:04:03.150" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll not repeat what the other answers have already correctly stated but I will provide an answer relating to a subpart of your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it related to giving the player another cap? (perhaps pay related for an appearance?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can, indeed, be a factor.  Although it's less likely that a manager brings on a player to earn his appearance fee, the number of caps a player has earned in a season can be important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a club may loan a player to another team but, as a requirement, they may stipulate that the loanee player must complete a certain number of minutes or games for the agreement to go through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More often though, is that certain competitions will only give winners' medals to players who have made a certain number of caps in the said competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example that springs to mind is when Martin Keown needed one more cap to qualify for a EPL medal with Arsenal. Ray Parlour jokingly pretended to get ready to come on as their last substitution to frighten him (Keown) into thinking he wasn't going to play and get his medal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point not mentioned is that sometimes a manager will bring off a star performer in the final minutes/seconds of the game so that they get the ovation that they deserve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T08:49:10.693" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T08:49:10.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="861" CreationDate="2012-05-27T23:31:29.933" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the absence of safety help?  Throw a quick pass.  All else being equal, shorter passes are easier to throw accurately than longer passes.  If there's no need to worry about a safety coming in to disrupt the receiver's attempt to catch the ball, get him the ball ASAP.  The only reason I could see for delaying the pass is if the corner is playing so far off the line that the receiver hasn't actually caught up to him yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="495" LastActivityDate="2012-05-27T23:31:29.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-05-27T23:32:37.873" Score="11" ViewCount="432" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often, when reporting the results of an automobile race, one will see a driver's average speed given.  Does this average speed include caution laps, or are they discounted for the purposes of determining time/distance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="495" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T18:25:14.280" Title="Do caution laps count in average speed?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-05-28T05:57:39.803" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to all these answers I'd also like to point out that a sub in the OT could also serve to &quot;cool down&quot; a hellbent fierce opposition who's trying desperately to get a goal. With some 30 sec.s of pause, you give your players some little time to catch their breath, hopefully help them think properly while the opposition will most certainly be annoyed by the pause and will be force to remount an attacking position. With only a couple of minutes to go, it could take them sometime to get back in to the rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-05-28T05:57:39.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="871" CreationDate="2012-05-28T12:20:12.527" Score="13" ViewCount="713" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to recall the name of a sport with the following details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The match I saw was between two Italian sides and I believe it had an Italian name.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is similar to football, although I believe the hands were used also.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It was played on a sandy surface in an enclosed pitch (waist-level fencing).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The game was very violent and bloody, with punching and kicking opponents allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; the Fighting Football League.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It seemed perhaps to be steeped in historical tradition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It may only be contested between two cities/teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-05-28T13:13:46.647" Title="Identify this Italian sport" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="870" CreationDate="2012-05-28T13:13:46.647" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sounds like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino&quot;&gt;Calcio Fiorentino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Just like Roman harpastum, it was played in teams of 27, using both feet and hands. Goals could be scored by throwing the ball over a designated spot on the perimeter of the field. The &lt;strong&gt;playing field is a giant sand pit&lt;/strong&gt; with a goal running the width of each end. There is a main referee, six linesmen and a field master. Each game is played out for 50 minutes with the winner being the team with the most points or 'cacce'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The modern version allows tactics such as head-butting, punching, elbowing, and choking, but forbids sucker punching and kicks to the head.[5]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-05-28T13:13:46.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="875" CreationDate="2012-05-29T05:05:37.550" Score="10" ViewCount="2752" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a test match is there any rule that minimum number of fielders should be present on the off side or the leg side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="391" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T08:34:20.313" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T13:49:06.963" Title="Positioning of fielders in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-05-29T05:09:06.500" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is nothing like that. All the fielders can stand anywhere except the keeper and bowler. There is no rule that says minimum or maximum on any side. England in particular tend to set the field on one side in earlier days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="390" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-05-29T13:20:38.243" LastActivityDate="2012-05-29T13:20:38.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-05-29T05:57:13.383" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, In all forms of cricket, only two fielders are allowed in the quadrant between the fielding positions of square leg and long stop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is to prevent the outlawed and controversial bodyline tactics from being used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;courtesy &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodyline&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;bodyline tour&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T17:50:12.260" LastActivityDate="2012-05-31T17:50:12.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="878" CreationDate="2012-05-29T16:41:50.920" Score="6" ViewCount="2224" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that when jogging/running that there should be no foot thud sounds when landing. Is it true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="502" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T19:22:38.570" Title="Should there be no foot sound when jogging?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="696" CreationDate="2012-05-29T18:08:25.633" Score="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was so interested in this myself that I wasn't going to stop at anything to get a good answer.  Sadly, small research didn't get me the answers I was after so eventually I spent 14 hours reviewing the reports of &lt;strong&gt;every&lt;/strong&gt; Grand Prix since 1950.  To the date of this answer there have been &lt;strong&gt;864&lt;/strong&gt; of them, which is why it took so long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Grands Prix in which the fastest qualifer didn't start from pole&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1955 Indianapolis GP - May 30, 1955&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_McGrath&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack McGrath&lt;/a&gt; set the fastest qualifying speed but actually started in grid position 3, on the outside of the track. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Hoyt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jerry Hoyt&lt;/a&gt; started in pole as he was one of only two drivers to complete a qualifying event on &quot;Pole Day&quot; due to strong winds and the threat of heavy rain. Hoyt was actually only the eighth fastest in the field and his speed (140.045mph) is the record slowest ranked pole speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994 Monaco GP - May 15, 1994&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was the first GP to follow the deaths of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrton_Senna&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ayrton Senna&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Ratzenberger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roland Ratzenberger&lt;/a&gt; at the season's previous &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_San_Marino_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grand Prix at San Marino&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Schumacher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Schumacher&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;did&lt;/strong&gt; start at pole position and is officially documented as such, grid places 1 and 2 were left unoccupied and painted with the flags of Senna and Ratzenberger's respective nations as a mark of respect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1996 French GP - June 30, 1996&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Schumacher qualified with the fastest lap, earning him pole position for this race.  However, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdgXaRzy-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schumacher's engine failed during the formation lap&lt;/a&gt; at Magny Cours and did not take his place on the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998 Japanese GP - November 1, 1998&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Schumacher was involved again here, this time stalling from his hard-earned (one tenth of a second faster) pole position. As a result of this he was sent to the back of the grid. The race started successfully on this, the third, attempt after &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarno_Trulli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jarno Trulli&lt;/a&gt; had stalled his car on the first attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2001 Monaco GP - May 27, 2001&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Coulthard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;David Coulthard&lt;/a&gt; was sitting happily in pole position but his McLaren failed to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IemPps07mJg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pull away for the formation lap&lt;/a&gt;.  His team managed to get him moving eventually but by this time he was resigned to starting from the back of the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2005 US GP - June 19, 2005&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the one they called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_United_States_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;IndyGate&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.  Jarno Trulli was fastest qualifier and therefore in pole position.  However, due to safety concerns regarding the Michelin tyres, all drivers of vehicles with these tyres retired to the pits during the formation lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only six cars started the race with drivers in grid places 5, 7, 17, 19, 18 &amp;amp; 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/chdfZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2005 US GP Starting Grid, with only six cars&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2005 Italian GP - September 4, 2005&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimi_R%C3%A4ikk%C3%B6nen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kimi Räikkönen&lt;/a&gt; qualified with the fastest time but was given a 10-place grid penalty for changing his engine. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juan Pablo Montoya&lt;/a&gt; took up pole position as a result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2007 Hungarian GP - September 4, 2005&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Alonso&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fernando Alonso&lt;/a&gt; recorded &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Hungarian_Grand_Prix#Qualifying_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the fastest time in qualifying&lt;/a&gt; but a stewards' inquiry before the race adjudged Alonso to have impeded &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lewis Hamilton&lt;/a&gt; during Q3.  Alonso was subsequently relegated 5 places on the starting grid, moving Hamilton up to pole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012 Spanish GP - May 13, 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this event, Lewis Hamilton was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Spanish_Grand_Prix#Post_Qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;excluded from the qualifying results&lt;/a&gt; due to having insufficient fuel to return to the pits.  As a result, Hamilton had to start the race from the very back of the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012 Monaco GP - May 27, 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fastest qualifier at Monaco was Michael Schumacher.  However, Schumacher was carrying a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/99598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5-grid penalty from the previous race&lt;/a&gt; in Spain for causing an avoidable collision with Bruno Senna, thus moving him back in the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It &lt;em&gt;nearly&lt;/em&gt; happened in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1990 Japanese GP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ayrton Senna had secured pole position but was unhappy that pole was situated on the side of the track which was not on the racing line.  Senna &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Japanese_Grand_Prix#Race_summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;requested that he be moved&lt;/a&gt; and the stewards agreed, only for the FISA president to overrule the decision, meaning Senna started in pole at the original location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to close, you ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is a reason for the question as the Fantasy F1 game I run gives the pole-sitter bonus points but I am not sure what to do in this kind of situation!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll have to decide!  Perhaps give the bonus for fastest qualifier instead of pole position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see my spreadsheet with all the pole positions since 1950 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smallfiles.org/download/768/F1.xlsx.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T03:35:33.387" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T03:35:33.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="876" CreationDate="2012-05-29T18:47:00.907" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, to an extent, yes.  But don't worry too much about achieving silence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A thud sound whilst running generally indicates that the heel is striking the ground on the downstep more than it should.  However, rather than focus on reducing the sound or feel of the thud, you should improves the mechanics of your running and the thud will reduce as a result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thud is caused because the impact shock is not absorbed by the flesh of the foot arch or the muscles in the calf.  Instead, the force travels up through the bone at the front and can lead to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_splints&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;shin splints&lt;/a&gt; in the muscles there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To counter this, you need to spend as much of your time running on the balls of your feet as you can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try rolling your foot landing rather than coming down at an angle.  You can reduce your stride to achieve this.  Watch a video of a long-distance runner to see how they run without much impact against the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T13:47:36.437" LastActivityDate="2012-05-31T13:47:36.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="784" CreationDate="2012-05-29T19:18:17.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It should also be noted that there have been situations where 9 innings of no-hit baseball were pitched, yet the game went into extra innings, where the pitcher ended up earning a loss.  Your question is mildly flawed, since it is quoting the original rule.  The rule was changed in 1991 to not include games where 9 inning no-hitters were pitched, yet the game was still undecided (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-hitter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).  Other than the previously mentioned situations for Ken Johnson and Baltimore vs. Detroit, there are a few others of note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Haddix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Harvey Haddix&lt;/a&gt;, then with the Pittsburgh Pirates, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Haddix%27s_near-perfect_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pitched 12 innings without allowing a base runner&lt;/a&gt; in May 1959 against the Milwaukee Braves. In the bottom of the 13th inning the perfect game was broken up by a fielding error.  He then recorded another out before giving up what appeared to be a home run, but was later ruled a double due to a base runner leaving the field without completing his trip around the bases, thus causing the batter/runner to be called out for passing another base runner. Thus Haddix lost the game and his no-hitter. His 12 2/3 inning performance is sometimes attributed as the best performance by any pitcher in major league baseball history, especially considering the Braves' lineup at the time (including Hall of Fame members &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/matheed01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eddie Mathews&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/a/aaronha01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hank Aaron&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1917, the Reds' &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Toney&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fred Toney&lt;/a&gt; and the Cubs' &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippo_Vaughn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hippo Vaughn&lt;/a&gt; both pitched 9 innings of no-hit baseball.  In the top of the tenth, the Reds scored a run on a few hits, and Toney came back in the bottom of the inning to complete his 10-inning complete game no hitter, whereas Vaughn dealt with his loss after pitching 9 1/3 innings of a no-hitter.  This is the only time in major league history that there were no hits by either team in 9 innings of baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Maloney&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Maloney&lt;/a&gt; of the Reds pitched 10 innings of no-hit ball in 1965 against the New York Mets.  Johnny Lewis hit a home run to lead off the eleventh, and Maloney lost the game.  Incidentally, he also pitched 9 innings of a no-hitter two months later, except he won in the tenth inning (the first time a pitcher scored a no-hitter in more than 9 innings).  Maloney has a very interesting no-hitter repertoire that I won't go into here.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="503" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T19:24:26.763" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T19:24:26.763" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="861" CreationDate="2012-05-29T21:15:30.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no right answer. It depends on the receiver, the quarterback and cornerback's positioning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quarterback being better at short or long passes affects the decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the receiver is fast but not shifty then a short pass may invite more risk than reward as the corner is going to be coming at him full bore once the catch is made. Thus, the long pass is the preferred route. However, if the receiver is difficult to tackle then a short pass can easily turn into a long gainer. So if the corner plays back then a short pass is the way to go. If the receiver is tall then the long pass may be the best play regardless of situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the over-riding factor is that it depends on where the cornerback is playing. Generally, if the cornerback knows the receiver is faster and they aren't going to get safety help then they aren't going to put themselves in a position to get beat deep. So they'll play loose and a short pass will guarantee a 5 to 10 yard gain with almost no risk. If they play bump and run then the quarterback hopes the receiver gets off the line and they'll be looking long. However, with no safety help, that means a blitz is coming and if the receiver doesn't get off the line cleanly then there better be an alternative receiver or the quarterback is going down or risking an interception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So bottom line, you are both correct and you are both wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="505" LastActivityDate="2012-05-29T21:15:30.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="861" CreationDate="2012-05-29T21:18:22.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the current play called.  Ideally there won't need to be a change in the route.  This is because many offensive schemes/formations predict that the mismatch will occur and there is a set plan for exploiting the mismatch.  However, sometimes the defense will simply screw up coverage, or sending a receiver in motion will create the mismatch by changing coverage.  In these instances where the mismatch is unanticipated there are two primary options (which happen to be the two you and your friend were arguing about):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In press coverage, the receiver will exploit the mismatch by going deep.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In soft coverage, the QB will throw a quicker ball to the receiver and hope the speed mismatch leads to a larger gain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apologies for the lack of links as I am basing this off my (limited) playing experience, but it seems to be the case when I watch NFL and College games as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-05-29T21:18:22.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="762" CreationDate="2012-05-30T11:07:20.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A relatively new way of measuring player value in the NFL is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2010/01/win-probability-added-wpa-explained.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WPA&lt;/a&gt; (and it's sister for Defensive players &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2010/03/measuring-defensive-playmakers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;+WPA&lt;/a&gt;). Win probability Added is the measure of impact a player has on the game and effects his team's ability to win. This is a narrative stat, it gives us an idea of the impact of plays in the context of the game rather than in a vacuum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is not predictive (it only shows what happened in the past). And is also still being tweaked and redefined as more information on game probabilities is assembled (allowing for better modeling). It can be useful here to see what kind of impact a player had on his team's season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets take the example of Jonathan Vilma. &lt;a href=&quot;http://wp.advancednflstats.com/defenderstats.php?year=2011&amp;amp;pos=LB&amp;amp;season=reg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Last year&lt;/a&gt; he was worth .35 +WPA in the regular season or less than half a win to the Saints. This is a measure of all of his positive WPA plays. It does not account for any negative plays that were his fault (or the fault of his teammates) and I've yet to see a stat that does. So at best, Vilma was worth a third of a win, unless his replacement is significantly worse the Saint's should not see a measurable impact in wins and losses. In Contrast to Vilma, Terrell Suggs' injury deprives the ravens of 2.63 WPA+ this coming year that they will have to replace, a far more important injury than Vilma's suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Peyton Manning was another player mentioned in this discussion and out of curiosity I wanted to check to see if his absence was as big a deal as it was made out to be. &lt;a href=&quot;http://wp.advancednflstats.com/playerstats.php?year=2010&amp;amp;pos=QB&amp;amp;season=reg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;In 2010&lt;/a&gt; Peyton had a WPA of 2.89 (7th among quarterbacks). &lt;a href=&quot;http://wp.advancednflstats.com/playerstats.php?year=2011&amp;amp;pos=QB&amp;amp;season=reg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;His replacements&lt;/a&gt; in 2011 combined for a WPA of -.56. A difference of 3.45. WPA suggests that Indianapolis would have struggled in 2011 regardless of Peyton's absence (This suggests they only would have won 5-6 games). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's be clear, this is the best effort attempt at determining the &lt;em&gt;measurable&lt;/em&gt; impact of player loss. It is not definitive and it is not necessarily predictive. But it's a start towards developing some statistical analysis of player values.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-05-30T12:02:39.750" LastActivityDate="2012-05-30T12:02:39.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="168" CreationDate="2012-05-30T19:07:28.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to look at it from a different perspective.  I used to use softer putters, made me feel more safe, and less likely of a rollaway.  but the release was not consistent.  I have switched to a harder putter(of the same mold) and have become a much stronger putter.  grabbing chains can be a small benefit, but flight path is more important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="510" LastActivityDate="2012-05-30T19:07:28.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="55" CreationDate="2012-05-31T08:00:19.703" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reasons that toe straps that cover your toe are better than Over the top straps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A lot more responsive!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Extremely comfortable (especially for those with long toes).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They take all the pressure off your toes, allowing for good blood circulation which keeps your feet warmer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holds your boots tighter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From all the parts of my snowboard setup I have upgraded over the last 10 years, upgrading to toe strap bindings made the biggest difference out of board or boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T15:29:31.400" LastActivityDate="2012-05-31T15:29:31.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="840" CreationDate="2012-05-31T10:52:03.900" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take a look at the laws of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 32 - 1 : Out Caught&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler [...] touches his bat without having previously been in contact with any fielder, and is subsequently held by a fielder &lt;strong&gt;as a fair catch before it touches the ground&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above law (my emphasis) states that the ball must be held as a fair catch &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; it touches the ground.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we now look at...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 32 - 3 : A fair catch&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The act of making the catch shall start from the time when the ball in flight comes into contact with some part of a fielder’s person other than a protective helmet, and shall end when a fielder obtains complete control both over the ball and over his own movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A catch shall be considered to have been fairly made if [...] the ball does not touch the ground even though the hand holding it does so in effecting the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, the ball must be under complete control of the fielder before it touches the ground for it to be a fair catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your question scenario, the ball is in the hand but touching the ground at the same time.  In this situation, the umpire would decide which contact occurred first. (It could be a fraction of a second technically).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball touched the ground before the catch.  &lt;strong&gt;Not Out&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball touched the ground after the hand and the fielder had complete control. &lt;strong&gt;Out&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball touched the ground after the hand but the fielder did not have complete control.  &lt;strong&gt;Not Out&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the applicance of this law, I have rarely seen a ball caught at exactly the same time as it touched the ground (for one would generally have the hand under the ball to catch it).  In my experience the umpire would call &lt;strong&gt;not out&lt;/strong&gt; as it is unlikely that the fielder would have &lt;strong&gt;complete&lt;/strong&gt; control over the ball and his movement in such a scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;View the laws &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-23T04:08:25.253" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T04:08:25.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="898" CreationDate="2012-05-31T12:27:18.190" Score="14" ViewCount="7238" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_World_Snooker_Championship&quot;&gt;1997 World Championship of Snooker&lt;/a&gt;, Ronnie O'Sullivan recorded the fastest maximum break in a time of 5 mins and 20 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, who was the record-holder and with what time before O'Sullivan scored his 5:20?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T13:53:38.377" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T07:48:14.587" Title="What was the fastest 147 break before Ronnie O'Sullivan?" Tags="|records|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="890" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="891" CreationDate="2012-05-31T20:20:13.163" Score="7" ViewCount="7479" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a player is drafted in the 2012 draft. What is the intermediate process for him getting a call to the Major League team that drafted him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="515" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:57:39.827" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:57:39.827" Title="What are the steps a draftee takes to make it to the big leagues?" Tags="|baseball|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="890" CreationDate="2012-05-31T20:48:32.133" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact path is very different for each player. Many players will skip one or several of the following levels of the minor leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For college pitchers, often the first thing they must do is finish their current collegiate seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the possible levels of professional baseball in most major league organizations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Extended Spring Training - A short season league with very lax rules where players can work on things and get extra reps before either being assigned to a minor league team, or get some work before taking a break before fall baseball).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Short Season A ball- Often the first stop for prospects, this is usually a short season league that plays part of the summer. Gets kids ready to play professional baseball with a season that is only slightly longer than the typical college season.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fall ball - Played in Arizona, the fall league is where a lot of guys in the minors go after either a short season and some rest, or after a full minor league season.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Low A ball - Often the first stop for a new professional ball player. This is where they get to cut their teeth and face other professionals for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;High A ball - Advanced players will sometimes start here, but it's often the second half of year one, or year two for players who do all right.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Double A - It's rare for a player to start at double A and most players here have been in their club's system for a year or two. There are some veterans around who have been playing minor league ball for a few years and likely aren't going to make it past this level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Triple A - This level is a mix of young guys who are close to the big leagues, old guys looking for new life and the so called AAAA players, guys who might get a short callup but are likely to spend the rest of their careers bouncing around AAA farm clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Winter League ball - This is a place where guys can get extra work. It's most often played in Latin America and the Caribbean Isles where it's warm enough in the off season to still play. Guys will head down if they need extra work, just love playing and can't get enough, or for any other reason. These are the professional leagues in these countries so they are filled with guys who either were discovered too late to come to the US and play in the big leagues, or who weren't quite good enough to get signed. MLB players who come here will often only play in a handful of games, just whatever they need to get the extra work they require&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Big Leagues - This is the end goal, what players often work between 2 and 5 years to get to. Once they are here they finally start making the money they dreamed of and can play baseball at the highest level. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a long road to get from the draft to the major leagues, excellent players often shortcut one or many levels of their team's farm system, but most players play for at least part of one season in the minor leagues (the last player to go straight to the bigs from the draft was Mike Leake in Cincinnati a couple of years ago)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-06-05T12:59:29.670" LastActivityDate="2012-06-05T12:59:29.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="893" CreationDate="2012-05-31T23:35:43.053" Score="11" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been snowboarding for 10 years on and off and would consider myself intermediate.  I am confident on all runs and most off piste situations but as soon as I get in tight trees with powder, I lose it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any tips on how to improve my style in trees with powder snow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastEditorUserId="513" LastEditDate="2012-05-31T23:53:13.553" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:25:50.390" Title="Snowboarding in powdery trees" Tags="|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2012-05-31T23:53:44.893" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;3 things I've found for tight areas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wear a helmet, I've bounced off of trees and it HURTS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Move both of your bindings back at the start of the day to help you keep your weight over the back, preventing the tip from digging in and sending you into a cartwheel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Don't push too hard into the outer branches of the trees, the branches catch all the snow meaning there's often a big hole underneath that's very easy to fall into, and very hard to climb out of.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="516" LastEditorUserId="516" LastEditDate="2012-06-01T00:30:39.280" LastActivityDate="2012-06-01T00:30:39.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="551" CreationDate="2012-06-01T00:19:40.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The real reason for the thicker baselines is perspective for the TV angles, making them look the same-width as the side lines from the back of the court.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they were not thicker, you would barely be able to see the baseline from most TV angles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastActivityDate="2012-06-01T00:19:40.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="868" CreationDate="2012-06-01T01:41:15.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the FIA Formula One Official FAQs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do the laps covered behind the safety car count?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, all the laps covered behind the Safety Car count as part of the total distance of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why the Monaco Grand Prix has a low average speed as there are many crashes requiring a safety car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastActivityDate="2012-06-01T01:41:15.483" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="896" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="899" CreationDate="2012-06-01T05:14:49.983" Score="8" ViewCount="549" Body="&lt;p&gt;I try to follow American football as much as I can, but having lived my whole life in Europe it's not something you get exposed to a lot. So I had to decipher the game by myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One particular rule that I have always had hard times figuring out is the interference. What I know is that when the QB throws a high/deep ball to a WR, the defender who's running with the WR cannot interfere with the receiver until some arbitrary point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing as the sport is a physical, contact-based one, how do you defend if you can't really tackle a player going for a touchdown or a major 1st? Could someone explain this rule in plain English (i.e. please no c/p from a rulebook)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2022-11-09T17:58:19.940" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T17:58:19.940" Title="How does the interference call work in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-01T11:42:55.963" Score="7" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not uncommon for professional sportsmen to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_players_who_have_converted_from_one_football_code_to_another&quot;&gt;switch from one football code to another&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically considering the move from Rugby League to Rugby Union and vice-versa, what have been the most prominent factors in athletes making this switch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can speculate that the financial benefits may be one of the key motivators but I'd like to learn of any hard statistics or research into this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T08:34:16.083" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T08:34:16.083" Title="Which factors have been most prominent in the switching of codes amongst professional players?" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="889" CreationDate="2012-06-01T12:53:08.843" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;James Wattana in his match versus Tony Drago made a full clearance in 7 minutes and 9 seconds at the British Open in 1992. At least, that's what &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesimpleton.com.au/sport/2011/5/1/snooker-147s-through-the-decades.html&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt; says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="517" LastActivityDate="2012-06-01T12:53:08.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="896" CreationDate="2012-06-01T15:26:24.690" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is fairly simple to understand, somewhat harder to referee.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that when after the ball is in the air following a forward pass, it is a 'loose ball' able to be caught by any eligible receiver.  Everyone on the defense is eligible and some offensive players are eligible to attempt to catch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The rules for which offensive players are eligible are somewhat complex and not entirely important for this answer, but they include players at the ends of the line of scrimmage, players one yard or more behind the line of scrimmage and someone receiving the ball at the snap hand to hand from the center - usually the quarterback, plus there are a bunch of shirt numbers that are ineligible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of the eligible receivers can make an attempt to catch but you cannot illegally interfere with someone else's attempt to catch the ball, whether you are defense &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; offense - illegally includes tripping, pulling, pushing or cutting infront of them.  Of course this is somewhat hard to referee because two players may hit each other when both legitimately trying to catch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it is completely legal to catch or even simply bat the ball away from the other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the ball is touched by any eligible player, the above restrictions no longer apply and you can tackle the receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="145" LastEditDate="2012-06-01T20:21:51.873" LastActivityDate="2012-06-01T20:21:51.873" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="901" CreationDate="2012-06-02T20:15:39.720" Score="16" ViewCount="31521" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a player can replaced by any other player who hasn't yet appeared in the game. Can this replacement be made after a player has started batting and is still at the plate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T00:28:16.823" Title="In baseball, can a player be replaced during an at-bat?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="900" CreationDate="2012-06-02T21:19:23.773" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 MLB 0fficial Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.10(b):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, or players, may be substituted during a game at any time the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 9.15(b):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batter leaves the game with two strikes against him, and the substitute batter &#xA;  completes a strikeout, the official scorer shall charge the strikeout and the time at &#xA;  bat to the first batter.  If the substitute batter completes the turn at bat in any other &#xA;  manner, including a base on balls, the official scorer shall score the action as having &#xA;  been that of the substitute batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-03-15T23:16:19.470" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T23:16:19.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="550" CreationDate="2012-06-03T14:47:33.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The different binding systems are of course primarily designed to provide a standard interface between the binding and the boot, not &lt;em&gt;necessarily&lt;/em&gt; to provide a standard way of mounting the binding on the ski.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However that said I believe that the drill-pattern for SNS and NNN are generally speaking compatible, a situation that has some backing from the fact that I could find someone selling a &lt;a href=&quot;http://freedownload.is/pdf/v2-universaldrilljig-12846206.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;universal drill jig&lt;/a&gt; for &quot;Soloman and NNN bindings&quot;.  I could not find something that ties in the older 3-pin system, but I suspect (but have no evidence for) that the mounting on the newer systems probably reflect the standard pattern of mounting the on the 3-pin system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should also be aware that in 2005 the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nordicskiracer.com/Equipment/2005/NIS/NIS.asp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NIS (Nordic Integrated System)&lt;/a&gt; was introduced, that uses a rail bonded to the ski that is compatible with both NNN and SNS bindings - so no drilling required with compatible skis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastActivityDate="2012-06-03T14:47:33.860" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="903" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="904" CreationDate="2012-06-04T14:36:55.610" Score="23" ViewCount="3830" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets say a batsman hits a shot and in midway it hits a bird in the air and then as soon as it hits the bird, the ball starts falling down and is caught by a fielder, will the batsman be given out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched a lot all over but could find nothing about a rule which clarifies this, any help will be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="521" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-11-23T06:54:49.400" LastActivityDate="2014-04-06T02:55:16.403" Title="Would a catch that rebounded off a flying bird be a fair catch in Cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="903" CreationDate="2012-06-04T17:32:46.300" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of the reason why what we commonly think of as 'rules' of a sport are usually actually called 'laws'.  See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are called Laws because you cannot possibly define to the very last possible detail every single possibility that might happen - such as the example here.  In cricket the laws are applied by the Umpires and their ruling is final (except in some cases where technological challenges are allowed in certain circumstances).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the case here, the Umpire would apply &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught,58,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 32 (Caught)&lt;/a&gt; - which states that one condition for a fair catch is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ii) the ball is at no time in contact with any object grounded beyond the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bird in the air, is not grounded beyond the boundary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition it later states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a catch shall be considered fair if .... (f) the ball is caught off an obstruction within the boundary that has not been designated a boundary by the umpires before the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires are not going to designate a temporary phenomenan such as a bird to be a boundary so this would clearly be a fair catch, and the batsman would be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="145" LastEditDate="2013-11-23T02:55:09.507" LastActivityDate="2013-11-23T02:55:09.507" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="662" CreationDate="2012-06-06T08:23:58.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.superleaguegreece.net/english&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Greek Superleague&lt;/a&gt; introduced a play-off mini league in the 2007 - 2008 season&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, where teams that finished in positions 2 to 5 in the regular season compete for better placement in European qualification. The current &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Superleague_Greece#Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play-off system is&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the play-off for Champions League, the four qualified teams play each other in a home and away round robin. However, they do not all start with 0 points. Instead, a weighting system applies to the teams' standing at the start of the play-off mini-league. The team finishing fifth in the Super League will start the play-off with 0 points. The fifth placed team's end of season tally of points is subtracted from the sum of the points that other teams have. This number is then divided by five and rounded to the nearest whole number of points, if necessary, to give the other teams the points with which they start the mini-league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2011 - 2012 season, second placed (regular season) Panathinaikos FC started the play-offs with four points, while tied third placed PAOK FC and Atromitos FC, and fifth placed AEK FC started with zero points, although Panathinaikos finished the regular season 16 points ahead of PAOK FC and Atromitos FC and 18 points ahead of AEK FC. It might seem unfair, however fairness was the widely reported goal of the playoffs, in an attempt to normalize European participation and give a better chance to teams from outside Attica to qualify, given the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superleague_Greece#Titles_By_City&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;somewhat unhealthy dominance of Attica based teams&lt;/a&gt; in Greek football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams managed to finish first in the playoffs and qualify for the Champions League albeit not finishing second in the regular season in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Superleague_Greece#Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 - 2008&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Superleague_Greece#Play-offs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 – 09&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Superleague_Greece#Play-offs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 - 2010&lt;/a&gt;. Obviously there is a strong financial incentive, as Danger Fourpence &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/671/313&quot;&gt;already mentioned&lt;/a&gt;, as it's a essentially a mini-league where 4 of the 5 strongest teams of the season compete and all matches are considered derbies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting side-effect is that it's quite easy to predict the points the teams will start the play-offs with two, three or even more matches before the end of the regular season. It has been reported in the local media that play-off participating teams chose to give their last games of the regular season with teams comprising of youths and non-starters, in order to keep their stars rested for the mini-league. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://superleaguegreece.net/pedocs/Invitation_Superleague_PlayOffs_2008.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Superleague 2007-2008 championship invitation&lt;/a&gt; (in Greek, PDF)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user313" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-06-06T08:55:03.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="915" CreationDate="2012-06-06T15:26:30.793" Score="9" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am the assistant volunteer coach for a collegiate fencing club.  The coach is keen on teaching fencing fundamentals and some advanced maneuvers.  I am his second set of eyes and goto for general fitness, for example, introducing new routines for warmups and conditioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were/are working toward putting fencing back on the map at our university (about 20 core members in 2006, 4 in 2012). Last school year, we started from scratch, but we started out with good interest. As the year progressed, interest dropped and &quot;storms&quot; came. For next year (as it currently stands), we have about two chief members of the club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During winter break last school year, we were brainstorming how to collect more interest. Two things that came up were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The coach being too hard on the &quot;casual&quot; members.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lack of diversity within the club.....as in, each member had interest in rpg, magic the gathering, sword fighting, etc and held rpg gatherings twice a week. I would like to see a diverse team stay involved, feel included, and help one another out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To combat coach being too hard, we &quot;cupcaked&quot; our drills, and that proved to be a huge mistake. We also made an attempt to include others interested in fencing without an outside interest in rpgs and such (this didn't work either...I can hang out with anybody, but this was overkill).  On top of all that, all the PR material I made had to be changed when the club president didn't reserve our usual spot for the semester (as volunteers, coach and I have no administrative say over this). That took the wind out of our sails and started a rough semester. At least we closed out the semester well, gathering interest and praise at a local children's festival. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we brainstorm, I have a general plan of attack as we approach the upcoming year. This includes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A monthly newsletter for our e-mail list.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PR (flyers, brochures, etc.) fresh and hot out of the oven when the school year starts. Perhaps reserving a table in a common area to gather interest and spread the word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An interest meeting for new/returning members to see how involved they want to get (casual or competitive) before the annual club fair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep our baggage at the door. This was an issue to a greater extent two years ago, but I believe this also applies to the &quot;lack of diversity&quot; within the club. I would like to see a diversified team, rather than a copy of the same person across the board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep a challenging workout. We don't ever push people beyond what they can bear, but we also motivate and encourage progress as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know individuals without lack of motivation is beyond our control, but we also want to properly deal with individuals who carry dead weight. For example, one of our chief members started out as a difficult case last year, but she eventually became one of the hardest working members of the club by the end of the year. A former chief member who felt overwhelmed with tasks pointed the finger at others and didn't do much herself, and she eventually quit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anyone who can share his/her strategy for our situation? The main points I'm asking advice for is &lt;strong&gt;team diversity/chemistry&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;maintaing interest&lt;/strong&gt; while executing challenging routines/drills to encourage progress. PR is one thing, but how do we gather and maintain a core group of individuals to coach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-07T08:36:46.320" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T18:21:01.280" Title="Coaching a (low-interest) collegiate fencing club" Tags="|strategy|coaching|fencing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="908" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-06T19:27:24.390" Score="7" ViewCount="32634" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a few years off, I'm getting an interest in golf again. My main problem, after getting a few basic pointers correcting my stance and backswing from a clubfitter I was working with to find the right driver, is a tendency to back away from the ball with my upper body at impact, causing me to hit the ball thin, top it or whiff it. I know I'm doing it, and correct it on the next swing, but that's only an option at the driving range, not on the course. The only advice the clubfitter could give was &quot;don't do that&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a common drill that can help reduce this tendency and integrate it into my muscle memory? It seems to only happen with woods, sometimes my hybrid, never on irons, so I'm thinking it's caused by the longer shaft length and the desire for distance making me put my back into it too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T10:51:30.110" Title="Drills to prevent standing up on the downswing" Tags="|technique|golf|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="908" CreationDate="2012-06-06T19:36:07.293" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have exactly the same problem. My teachers said that's because I want to do one of two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;See where it will land before I even hit it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trying to hit harder to get more distance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two drills that my teacher make me do, I think it depends exactly on the error you have. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Put your head (your forehead) againts a wall. Then practice your&#xA;swing avoiding moving your head from the wall.. it you hurt yourself,&#xA;well you hit the wall ;). Anyway try it at home, and also at driving,&#xA;because I felt that this particular drill seems to fail at home (I&#xA;never get up at home, I usually did that at the driving).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the other is not a drill, but a way to hit. Just keep your eyes on&#xA;the tee (or the floor) for at least one more second after hitting&#xA;the ball. This will take out the pressure on where did it fall.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course I'm not a teacher, and I have a horrible handicap, but I have this drills working it out to avoid at least this problems (my mental problems on the fields has another issues by itself :) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2012-06-06T19:36:07.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="908" CreationDate="2012-06-06T19:52:54.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-instruction/2011-05/rickie-fowlers-keys-to-great-driving&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rickie Fowler&lt;/a&gt; does something similar. &quot;How far back I move my head is a matter of timing that varies day to day. If I'm feeling super on, I shift back real far.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would start out using driving with control, and the way Rickie does that is to choke down on the driver and tee the ball low and perpendicular to your left heel. I think this promotes less of a &quot;rip it&quot; mentality and more of a &quot;make a solid strike&quot; one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last year, I was in such ball-striking mess that I considered giving up the game of golf. Rickie's control tip really helped me to gain confidence off the tee, even though I wasn't bombing it. Now, when I get a good hold of a drive, I'm driving it 50 yards past my playing partners, and if it's not working for me that day (usually any day), I fall back to the control drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A drill Hank Haney would do with Charles Barkley (I know) is to place his hand on the Charles's forehead as he would make a swing. I would do that if someone was willing to assist with that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-06-06T20:00:23.760" LastActivityDate="2012-06-06T20:00:23.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="911" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-07T07:15:36.753" Score="14" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am in the market for a new tennis racquet and have been out of the loop for a while.  When I bought my last racquet the oversized heads were all the rage but now they seem to have returned back to a more standard size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the key differences to my game with different racquet sizes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T21:53:46.083" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T21:53:46.083" Title="What are the key differences to my game with different racquet sizes?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="911" CreationDate="2012-06-07T15:54:52.883" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;All other things being equal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A larger frame generates more power.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A larger frame is more resistant to twisting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A larger frame has a larger sweet spot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Smaller frames are known for control oriented play, ie serve and volley.  With advancements in racket technology, many players are able to use larger frames without having to sacrifice control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should demo a few rackets, and discover what you like.  If you a happen to prefer an oversize frame, then you should not be reluctant about the purchase, simply because it's an oversize frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastActivityDate="2012-06-07T15:54:52.883" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="911" CreationDate="2012-06-07T16:48:50.583" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few things to keep in mind in addition to Richard Krajnus's answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stiffness of the frame. This can also contribute to the amount of vibration the racquet produces when making contact.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;beam width (generally ranges from about 18mm to 25mm) - this can contribute to how much you feel the ball on contact. A thinner beam is generally preferred by more advanced players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't overlook how much the strings play a role in your experience also. I would say that more has changed in strings than in racquets over the past 5-10 years. Definitely demo a few racquets to get a feel for what specs you like best in a racquet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T09:04:48.427" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T09:04:48.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="907" CreationDate="2012-06-08T15:58:18.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was a member of a collegiate fencing club.  We had about 8 members in a school of ~650.  There were two distinct classes of people that participated: Those that thought &quot;Oh cool, swords&quot; and those that were a step above that and actually interested in a more serious approach.  The person that ran our club would specifically pair off people based on the type of interest that they had and lead the groups differently.  We had one or two people from the casual side move to the more serious side and another couple of casual folks dropped out due to waning interest.  The waning interest generally happened because people wanted to be swashbucklers and sword-fighters rather than traditional fencers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the pool of people you're pulling from (the size of your university) you may want to 'mix the models' and have the club, for instance, spend the semester learning a famous sword-fighting scene for performance at a festival.  That can keep it fun for the casual people, introduce legit technique for the serious folks and potentially open up your talent pool in subsequent years.  I would also probably have smaller sessions for the serious people only so they can hone their techniques and learn more in the traditional fencing model.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-06-08T15:58:18.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="920" CreationDate="2012-06-09T09:41:26.793" Score="16" ViewCount="83609" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a football (soccer) tournament has a group stage, where for example teams are divided into groups of four and the first and second teams will qualify to the next round. If all games end with 0-0 score, every metric for all four teams will be the same. Which teams will qualify now? Is there a rule set by FIFA in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="536" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:29:47.743" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T05:16:23.637" Title="Qualification decision in group stages when everything is equal" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="916" CreationDate="2012-06-09T13:25:36.933" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ranking of each team in each group will be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three&#xA;  criteria, their rankings will be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the&#xA;  teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams&#xA;  concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the&#xA;  teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see an example (Given by @mormegil), in Group F of the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Ireland and the Netherlands were “completely” tied, and their positions had to be decided by drawing of lots (won by Ireland). - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_F&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-06-12T07:48:49.500" LastActivityDate="2012-06-12T07:48:49.500" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="723" CreationDate="2012-06-10T09:13:54.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was competing at school I built my own one, and the end result not only felt just like one of the better ones I could buy, it cost me about the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also took me a lot of time and effort to ensure the layers were correctly affixed and smoothed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very small statistical sample, but I would suggest buying a nice bat that feels good to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-06-10T09:13:54.027" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="916" CreationDate="2012-06-10T19:31:53.063" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you say “a tournament”, be aware that different competitions use different rules for tie breaking. When you mention FIFA, the tournaments organized directly by FIFA use the rules described by Dor Cohen; e.g. the official &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_en.pdf&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup 2014 Regulations&lt;/a&gt; state in rule 49, paragraph 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ranking of each team in each group shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, UEFA (the European football association) uses a different system in its competitions, where results from the matches between the teams concerned are given more importance than the results from the rest of the group matches (plus, there are more auxiliary criteria when everything else fails). See e.g. the official &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/91/48/36/914836_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot;&gt;Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 2012&lt;/a&gt; which state in the rule 8.07:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the&#xA;  following criteria are applied, in the order given; to determine the rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a) higher number of points obtained in the matches among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;b) superior goal difference in the matches among the teams in question (if more&#xA;  than two teams finish equal on points);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;c) higher number of goals scored in the matches among the teams in question (if&#xA;  more than two teams finish equal on points);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;d) superior goal difference in all the group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;e) higher number of goals scored in all the group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;f) position in the UEFA national team coefficient ranking system (see Annex I,&#xA;  paragraph 1.2.2);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;g) fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;h) drawing of lots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, there is an additional interesting rule 8.08 (which is a recent addition):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two teams which have the same number of points, the same number of goals&#xA;  scored and conceded play their last group match against each other and are still&#xA;  equal at the end of that match, the ranking of the two teams in question is&#xA;  determined by kicks from the penalty mark (Article 16), provided no other teams&#xA;  within the group have the same number of points on completion of all group&#xA;  matches. Should more than two teams have the same number of points, the criteria&#xA;  listed under paragraph 8.07 apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T10:09:51.510" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T10:09:51.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="921" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="947" CreationDate="2012-06-10T22:20:45.290" Score="22" ViewCount="8590" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the start of a Formula 1 race, the safety car is positioned behind the cars, and it starts together with them. Why is that (why does the safety car not wait outside the track like it does for the rest of the race), and when does it leave the track afterwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T11:14:23.857" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T11:14:23.857" Title="Why does safety car start at the end of the racing grid?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="921" CreationDate="2012-06-11T12:13:05.223" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the first corner there is a greater probability of a crash happening as all the drivers are looking for opportunities to overtake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this reason the course car and also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/safety/medical/&quot;&gt;medical chase cars&lt;/a&gt;, which you see immediately behind the grid, are positioned at the back of the grid for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5299.html&quot;&gt;the race start&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once all the cars have come to a halt on the grid, and the course car and medical cars are also in position further back, the start sequence is initiated by the race controller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The safety car will actually be positioned further back on the grid or at another pre-defined location on the track or in the pit lane before moving after the first corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Safety car driver &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/safety/the_safety_car_and_its_driver/7431.html&quot;&gt;Bernd Maylander says:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At 1.55 pm, we leave the starting grid and park the car in the agreed parking position for the first lap. As soon as all cars have completed the first curve, Race Control tells us to move the safety car to the parking position for the rest of the race&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T08:30:45.527" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T08:30:45.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="925" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-11T13:33:31.103" Score="5" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never been much of a bicyclist, but recently I finally broke down and bought a new road bicycle (Specialized Allez model).  The sales tech sized me with the bike, made a few adjustments at time of sale.  I did not spring for the $125 fitting where all the micro-adjustments are made to the bike and me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This weekend I competed in a short sprint triathlon, my first since buying the bike.  On the 5k run portion (which follows biking) I had incredible lower back pain, right in the curve above my glutes.  The pain was intolerable when I jogged, so I ended up walking over half the run leg.  The pain subsided with time and I finished the race.  &lt;em&gt;I have no history of any back problems&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: Is this a training problem where I need to get busy with some exercises to strengthen my lower back, or are there adjustments that need to be made to the bike?  Is this a common problem when acclimating to a new bike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should add that I'm a 51 year old male.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="541" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:37:56.007" Title="New bike = new pain. Solution: Training or bike fitting" Tags="|running|triathlon|cycling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-10-14T12:44:26.650" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2012-06-11T14:47:54.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of this sounds like you just need to get acclimated. Another thing it may be is improper posture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When riding a bike, you have to make sure to keep your spine curved outward, especially in your lumbar area. This allows your entire spine to absorb the shocks of all the little bumps in the road. If you try to straighten your spine or let it drop, your lumbar intervertebral discs are now what's doing the shock absorbing and that causes pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, your spine isn't used to this outward curve, especially in the lower lumbar area, and so it will complain at first even when you're doing it right. This is more of a muscle ache, where the lumbar musculature is expected to do work in a range of extension it isn't used to and so you'll have pain when you try to move in certain ways. If you don't have the proper posture, it'll feel like bone on bone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T15:45:59.420" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T15:45:59.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="261" CreationDate="2012-06-11T15:04:27.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've played hockey (nowhere near professionally) and the basic rules are: your stick is to play the puck, your skates are for propulsion, and your body is to maintain position. Any attempt to use these things for other than their intended purpose is a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically for slashing, most cases are pretty obvious. Where it isn't is where NHL refs earn their salaries. The two decisions, as clearly laid out in the rules, are &quot;was it aggressive stick-to-body contact&quot; and &quot;was it an attempt to play the puck&quot;? If the ref says &quot;yes&quot; to the first and &quot;no&quot; to the second, it's a slash. These two decisions are a judgement call, which will invariably take into account a number of factors, but typically refs follow the &quot;if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, quacks like a duck, it's a duck&quot; mentality. If it looked like a legitimate attempt to play the puck and didn't break any other rules (like high-sticking), it's generally OK; players' skates and the front of their shins are VERY well-padded for a number of obvious reasons including incidental stick impact, and typically the ref will let it play. If it looked like a deliberate attempt to hinder or injure the opponent, that's a slash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T15:04:27.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="809" CreationDate="2012-06-11T16:02:30.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several reasons, basically along the lines of &quot;you don't want the pitcher batting last in the 9th inning&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a no-hitter, everyone will have batted 3 times and the pitcher will be last at the plate. This is a really bad situation; if it's been a pitcher's duel all night and the score is only 1-0, your pitcher, typically your worst batter, is your last hope.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A team, statistically, gets an average of 9.27 hits in a game. So, on average, you can expect everyone to bat four times, and again, your pitcher will be last at the plate in an average situation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Basically, you don't want to put him anywhere else. Read up on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_order_%28baseball%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, but essentially, #1 should be the best baserunner (including stolen base percentage) and have a good OBP made up primarily of hits. #2 should be able to get on base by any means necessary, and failing that should be able to make the sacrifice to advance a runner. #3 should be good at RBIs and second-best OBP. These guys' job is to &quot;warm it up&quot; for the cleanup hitter, #4; this should typically be your slugger, the best batting average with runners in scoring position, highest home run count, the works. #5 and #6 are your best RBI men (to bring home the &quot;heart of the order&quot; when they get on base); their OBP is typically driven by home runs and sacrifice hits. 7 and 8 are where you stick the weaker players, with 8 being the traditional slot for the worst fielder. The 9th slot varies; in the AL, where the pitcher doesn't bat, this spot's typically filled by the guy you'd use as your #1 if you didn't have the guy you put in #1; he's a &quot;second leadoff hitter&quot; designed to get a good baserunner on base for the top of the order. In the NL, #9 is traditionally the pitcher's slot, though if your team is hitting well, you can arrange your lineup similarly to the AL and put a &quot;second leadoff&quot; into the #9 slot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T21:25:17.363" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T21:25:17.363" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="939" CreationDate="2012-06-11T16:42:37.223" Score="12" ViewCount="767" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nikica Jelavić was clearly in an offside position when he received the ball and scored, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2012/matches/round=15172/match=2003324/postmatch/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croatia's 3-1 win over Ireland&lt;/a&gt;, for Euro 2012. Having received the ball through one of Ireland's defenders though, the question is whether he was actively participating in the offence or not at the time. Well, was he?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wrote this in a bit of a hurry, I'm well aware that he wasn't in an offside position when he received the ball from the Irish defender. The question is more on whether he was in an active or passive position when the ball left Modrić's feet, and if an off side should have been called &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the defender send it to Jelavić.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user313" LastEditorDisplayName="user313" LastEditDate="2012-10-07T04:43:57.063" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T14:12:25.183" Title="Was Jelavić's goal offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|euro|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="930" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-11T18:12:52.550" Score="7" ViewCount="2458" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of yesterday, I had zeroed in on the driver I wanted for Father's Day; the Callaway Diablo Octane. My local store has an indoor driving range with computerized shot analysis. So, I picked the demo driver of that model off the rack, and hit a few shots. After getting my eye in, a pattern emerged where my shots were curving significantly left in what amateurs would call a &quot;draw&quot; but pros would call a &quot;hook&quot;. Not a pull hook or snap hook, where it starts left and goes lefter causing people on the cart path to dive for cover, but a straight shot that feels good and starts off looking great, then curves off about 20-40 yards to the left and drops off shot distance (a very disappointing 180-210yd range; just a few days ago I'd hit a TaylorMade SF 2.0 about 250-260 and MUCH straighter, but that was a few days ago).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I unfortunately had my wife and daughter in the store, and the little one was getting irritated by the irregular sounds of titanium drivers pounding tee shots (including one tin can from the next bay over), so I didn't have the opportunity to try another driver. I just know that my shots were actually more consistent than they had been, they were just... left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like the idea of this driver; light, lot of face, I feel I'm making solid consistent contact, but the shots simply aren't going where I want. Before I give up on the driver, I want to make sure it's the driver and not me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bringing my trailing hand thumb over more to the left in my grip (I was also experimenting with a Vardon overlap instead of my normal baseball). No change whatsoever.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Making sure the ball was teed up even with the inside of my left foot, and that I was bottoming my swing just behind the ball to swing &quot;up&quot; and &quot;out&quot; at the ball). No effect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Opening the clubface at address. This helped, but they were still curving left even with what I thought was a pretty extremely open clubface, just not as much as when the face was square at address. By contrast, I have to close my irons (typically enough to bring the far leading edge even with the front of the hosel) to correct a natural push.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Making sure it wasn't a &quot;max game improvement&quot; or &quot;draw&quot; driver which is naturally set up with a few degrees offset inside to counter a natural slice tendency. It wasn't; doesn't mean some other hack hadn't mishit it so badly they'd knocked something off-kilter, but it wasn't factory-set to have any draw offset (any more than normal anyway).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to try (but didn't have the opportunity):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A different example of that exact driver. There was only one 10.5* reg-flex Octane driver in the rack, and I was swinging it, so I couldn't see if maybe someone else had damaged it in some non-obvious way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &quot;Tour&quot; version of the Octane. Tour drivers typically direct the shot more outward than a regular &quot;game improvement&quot; driver; depending on the model that's either because they have no offset or a slight outward offset.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A completely different model of driver. Like I said I'd been hitting the SuperFast 2.0 pretty straight, maybe a SLIGHT push draw (heads out slightly to the right and then comes back), and about 50 yards longer, so if switching back to that driver fixed the problem then I should be adjusting my wishlist accordingly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have heard since this episode that I should try:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bringing the ball even further forward in my stance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Backing away from the ball a smidge. Both of these will help correct an &quot;inside-out&quot; swing, which I've seen with my irons but has never been a problem with my woods (quite the opposite, actually).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leading with my hands more. I kind of tried this on the day; the clubfitter told me I should swing &quot;out&quot; at the ball as well as &quot;up&quot;, which I interpreted to mean bringing my follow-through out beyond the tee more, which in turn probably got my hands in front of the clubhead. However I wasn't concentrating specifically on that aspect of my mechanics at the time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously you guys haven't seen my swing, but given that if you tell me to &quot;try everything&quot; I'll probably end up changing too much and becoming more inconsistent, which of these things seem like the most likely cause of the problems I was seeing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Thanks for the comments. I went and dried a few different drivers, and while all of them drew/hooked to some degree, the TaylorMade Burner SF 2.0 looked more like a &quot;draw&quot; than a snap hook, and I was also consistently hitting it 270-290. So, I'm going to say that the behavior I was seeing was a combination of the driver and my swing, and the TaylorMade is now at the top of a very short list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT 2:&lt;/strong&gt; As a post-script, I received a late Father's Day gift last weekend; a used TaylorMade Burner SuperFast. Not the 2.0, the previous generation. For the same total price that the SF 2.0 would have been new, my wife also got a 2008 TM Burner 3-wood thrown in, which is a rough match to the SF driver. I took both out to the course on Saturday, and while my score shall not be posted for public scorn, the driver and 3-wood were both excellent performers; my drives averaged around 250 yards, and my 3-wood around 210, which is quite good considering most drives faced a headwind and that I'm simply not a tour pro. The best thing was that most went dead straight; I only had to take one stroke-and-distance penalty for slicing a drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-03T20:16:54.747" LastActivityDate="2022-04-28T18:37:53.553" Title="How can I correct hooking my driver?" Tags="|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="931" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-11T18:22:58.357" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T18:22:58.357" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T18:22:58.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="932" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-11T18:22:58.357" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to fundamental aspects of body posture and mechanics of various motions integral to a particular sport. Requires use of additional tags indicating the sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T20:49:21.513" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T20:49:21.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="933" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-11T19:26:59.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Within sports, &amp;quot;statistics&amp;quot; refers to the collection of data about individual or team performance and how that data can be used to predict future performance. Examples include things like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average#Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Batting average in baseball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Metres run per match in (association) football&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis%E2%80%93Stern_method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method in cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, &amp;quot;advanced statistics&amp;quot; such as baseball's &amp;quot;wins above replacement&amp;quot; (WAR) metric have been developed and are claimed to give a better indication of future performance than traditional statistics such as batting average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any statistics are typically defined only within the context of a specific sport (or group of closely related sports) and sometimes only in a specific ruleset.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-26T10:08:34.563" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T10:08:34.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="934" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-11T19:26:59.977" Score="0" Body="The collection of statistics in sports and how they are used. Please also tag questions with the sport or sports being referred to." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-09-26T10:08:34.563" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T10:08:34.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="935" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-11T19:37:58.403" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strategy generally involves plans and decisions made by the coach, management, or the team as a whole which affect the entire team. These decisions include but are not limited to: Decisions of player selection and role assignment (team makeup), basic formations and progressions, and general decisions that determine player and team mindset and affect level of aggression and/or conservatism during play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T20:38:36.987" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T20:38:36.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="936" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-11T19:37:58.403" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding planning and direction of a team at a high level, usually initiated by a coach or other manager. Requires a tag for the particular sport to provide context." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-06-11T20:38:33.397" LastActivityDate="2012-06-11T20:38:33.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="929" CreationDate="2012-06-12T01:44:24.740" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is offside. In the first shoot, the player is clearly on the zone that the ball will go, and it offside. Then there is are some bumps on other players, and after that the Irish guy kicked it badly to his own goal. It's still offside, since the Irish player didn't try to pass it or played it on purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like he just missed the kick. It was offside, but last call is for the referee. IMHO this is the case:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lawsofthegameen.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;example 12 page 107&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="10420" LastEditDate="2015-12-09T14:12:25.183" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T14:12:25.183" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="929" CreationDate="2012-06-12T07:41:35.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jelavic isn't in an offside position since he got the ball from an Ireland player,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;you can see that the ball &lt;strong&gt;doesn't&lt;/strong&gt; rebound off an opponent except the Irish player accidentally passes the ball to Jelavic (it's doesn't matter if the pass of the Irish player was on purpose or by mistake),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame/law/newsid=1290867.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA rules&lt;/a&gt; an offside is called to a player only if the pass came from one of his team.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It doesn't matter that at the first pass Jelavic was offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment&#xA;  the ball  touches or is played by &lt;strong&gt;one of his team&lt;/strong&gt;, he is, in the&#xA;  opinion of the referee,  involved in active play by:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • interfering with play or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • interfering with an opponent or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • gaining an advantage by being in that position  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-12T11:54:59.660" LastActivityDate="2012-06-12T11:54:59.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="929" CreationDate="2012-06-12T09:00:05.777" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The crucial question here is whether Jelavić received the ball after it &lt;em&gt;rebounded&lt;/em&gt; to him off an opponent, or if the opponent &lt;em&gt;played&lt;/em&gt; the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame%5f2011%5f12%5fen.pdf&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; define offside as (Law 11, p. 33):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are talking about the last point in this case. And, in the official interpretation of the Laws of the Game (p. 102), it is defined thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“gaining an advantage by being in that position” means playing a ball that&#xA;  rebounds to him off a goalpost or the crossbar having been in an offside&#xA;  position or playing a ball that &lt;strong&gt;rebounds to him off an opponent&lt;/strong&gt; having&#xA;  been in an offside position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referees obviously decided the Irish player has &lt;em&gt;played&lt;/em&gt; the ball, therefore, this was not an offside. And I would say this was a correct decision, given the time it took the ball to pass through the defense line – it was not a quick rebound, the ball stopped there for a second. (But I could not find a close-up video of what exactly the Irish player did with the ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the question was amended: Note there is no such thing as “active” and “passive [offside] position” in the Laws of the Game, those are just jargon terms. For an offside to be called, the player must be “involved in active play” by one of the three exactly defined activities listed above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one was definitely not the case here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“interfering with play” means playing or touching the ball passed or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is slightly closer, but still, no go:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“interfering with an opponent” means preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or movements or making a gesture or movement which, in the opinion of the referee, deceives or distracts an opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jelavić did not obstruct anyone’s line of vision or movements, and he definitely did not deceive/distract the opponent, since the Irish defense probably did not see him at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which leaves us with the last option debated above. None of the three points was fulfilled, therefore, no offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2012-06-12T10:42:31.110" LastActivityDate="2012-06-12T10:42:31.110" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="929" CreationDate="2012-06-12T14:16:16.867" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key man is Vukojevic, the other guy that's offside. He tackles towards the ball from an offside position and that's why Ward panics and hits the ball poorly. If Ward didn't see Vukojevic he'd take his time to clear the ball. Why does he have to defend against a player that's in an illegal position? It would have been so much easier to blow for offside than to let this one flow. If the ref blew no one would have any discussions now. The offside rule should be defined in a better way so things like this don't happen again. It's legal, technically, but it's really unfair, we are basically rewarding the attacker because he dull, slow and too lazy to get out of an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Interfering with an opponent&quot; means:- Preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.- Making a gesture or movement which, in the opinion of the referee, deceives or distracts an opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's what Vukojevic did and i don't see a good reason not to interrupt the game right there. FIFA should provide more detailed laws in the future and not let the referees decide what to do. Their estimates are very often wrong. If you fall after a light bump (like the irish player did the whole game) you'll probably get a free kick but if you don't fall after a kick in the legs you most likely won't get anything. That happened in the Netherlands game. Huntelar was about to strike when he was kicked from behind by a Danish player. He didn't fall like most players do and no penalty was given when it should have. Eliminate the cheaters and make the rules clearer and easier to follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="543" LastEditorUserId="543" LastEditDate="2012-06-12T15:47:30.567" LastActivityDate="2012-06-12T15:47:30.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="941" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="942" CreationDate="2012-06-12T19:26:02.223" Score="12" ViewCount="2357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play football (soccer) for my community traveling team. Our usual ball handling exercise is getting the ball around a course of cones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other ways can I improve my ball handling abilities?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T12:30:38.080" Title="How can I improve my ball handling?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2012-06-13T07:06:42.010" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is great site &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.playsportstv.com/soccer&quot;&gt;http://www.playsportstv.com/soccer&lt;/a&gt; that has alot of tricks try it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cones are the best way but you can also use rope:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://voices.yahoo.com/soccer-drills-speed-agility-ball-handling-drills-for-893859.html&quot;&gt;http://voices.yahoo.com/soccer-drills-speed-agility-ball-handling-drills-for-893859.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 Foot Ladder Drill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this drill the coach will lay out a rope ladder and the soccer&#xA;  players will line up at one end. The first player will run to the side&#xA;  of the first box and quickly step into the both with both feet, one at&#xA;  a time, and then step out of the box to the other side with both feet,&#xA;  one at a time. As soon as both feet are out of the first box they will&#xA;  cross into the second box with both feet and cross out and so forth.&#xA;  Once the first player has moved up a few boxes the next player will&#xA;  start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ball Tap Drill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this drill each soccer player stands in front of a soccer ball.&#xA;  When the coach blows the whistle, the players will quickly tap the top&#xA;  of the ball with one foot and then the other, switching as quickly as&#xA;  possible. This drill can be done for number of taps (25, 50 or 100) or&#xA;  for time (30-60 seconds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T07:06:42.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="769" CreationDate="2012-06-13T11:51:50.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read somewhere that in normal high jump, jumpers must take off on one foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct.  According to Rule 182 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/06/28/89/62889_PDF_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAFF's 2012/2013 Competition Rules&lt;/a&gt;, the athlete must take off on one foot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE 182  : High Jump&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Competition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An athlete shall take off from one foot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you correctly state, the world record for the high jump is 2.45 metres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick search of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/8000/highest-standing-jump&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Guinness World Records&lt;/a&gt; show us that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest standing jump onto a platform was 1.48 m (4 ft 10.27 in) by Jonas Huusom (Denmark) at Gerlev Sports Academy in Slagelse, Denmark, on 27 August 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a still, standing position, Huusom leaped to the top of 37 firm judo mats stacked one upon the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to this record, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_high_jump&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this wiki page&lt;/a&gt; claims that the world record is 1.9m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, there doesn't seem to be an official Guinness record for a vertical, &lt;strong&gt;running&lt;/strong&gt; jump although there are &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/BS7I6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some sites&lt;/a&gt; claiming jumps of around 1.55m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now neither of these are directly comparable seeing as there is a lot of difference between how the high jump and the vertical standing or running jumps are performed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, with the high jump record being almost 0.5m higher than that of the standing jump I would probably maintain a hypothesis that the one foot jump would be better because of the technique involved, as well as the momentum caused through the bringing up the non-standing leg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, it appears that the high-jump rules have always requried the taking off being from one foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did once read speculation that a gymnast could do a series of tumbles and somersaults before their final &amp;quot;high jump&amp;quot; which was higher than a one-foot launch but I'd need to see some research or historical evidence to agree with that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T08:04:13.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="948" CreationDate="2012-06-14T18:56:42.097" Score="8" ViewCount="3459" Body="&lt;p&gt;This week at golf's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usopen.com/en_US/index.html&quot;&gt;US Open&lt;/a&gt;, groups are teeing off the 1st and 9th holes. This is because the 9th tee is closer to the clubhouse than the 10th tee (i.e. logistics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Split tees usually have groups tee off the 1st and 10th holes. However, wouldn't this kind of arrangement introduce more bottlenecks (assuming the same number of players tee off per group - eliminating the &quot;uneven group&quot; variable)? For example, one group gets held up. This holds the other groups back, eventually affecting groups who teed off the other hole to be affected. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do golf organizers deal with split tee times and its risks, as it seems to introduce more unpredictable variables than traditional tee times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T13:35:32.457" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T23:58:58.480" Title="Managing split tees in golf" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="950" CreationDate="2012-06-15T04:08:33.237" Score="20" ViewCount="5720" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to try fencing with a friend, but I think he may be worried about safety. What are the main injury risks for fencing and how common are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="200" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T22:10:09.940" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T22:10:09.940" Title="What are the main safety risks of fencing?" Tags="|injuries|fencing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="921" CreationDate="2012-06-15T06:43:40.440" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;The car that is behind the grid at the start is not the safety car but the medical car.  The actual cars look similar, but there are two separate cars.  The safety car pull into the pits before the race cars line up for the start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the medical car waits there is that there is thought to be a higher chance of crashes immediately at the start.  This doesn't seem to happen so much anymore, fortunately, so it's perhaps a bit of a relic, but it doesn't bother anyone, so why change it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T06:43:40.440" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="945" CreationDate="2012-06-15T09:54:33.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For those who don't know, with the majors, and a lot of other golf tournaments on the PGA and European tours, the first-two rounds have groups of three players and the groups tee off at 11 minute intervals.  In the 3rd and 4th rounds players play in pairs and at 10 minute intervals.  This can change subject to weather conditions, reduced daylight times, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, these tee-times are extremely tightly regimented. For example, at the British Open, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/theopen/8641600/The-Open-2011-How-Ivor-Robson-tones-up-his-silky-voice-for-simplest-job-on-course.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ivor Robson&lt;/a&gt; can penalise a player 2 strokes if they are 2 minutes late and disqualify them if they are 5 minutes late.  That's certainly an incentive to be on time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not exactly sure as to when 11 minutes was set as the de facto for tee-time intervals, but it is one that the golf associations deem the optimum time to get every player out on the course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, with an average round of golf taking a little over 4 hours, the tee-times are arranged so that, once the last groups have started, the 1st tee starters and the 10th tee starters should be nicely &quot;in sync&quot; on the whole course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, to prevent bottlenecks the following is done:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/golf/kevin-garside-fishers-slowplay-penalty-should-give-dawdlers-a-hurryup-7815095.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Slow play is penalised&lt;/a&gt; with a stroke penalty.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In large fields, the round is &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/golf/usopen12/story/_/id/7969359/tee-times-2012-us-open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;split into two halves&lt;/a&gt;, with a morning group and an afternoon group.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Altogether, the 11 minute intervals, the size of the groups, the encouragement of quicker play and the splitting of the rounds, are what the associations believe to be the best way of preventing bottlenecks occurring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, players do sometimes catch the group before them.  Only yesterday, on the first day of the 2012 US Open, Woods, Mickelson and Watson &lt;a href=&quot;http://content.usatoday.com/communities/gameon/post/2012/06/live-blog-first-round-of-the-us-open-tiger-woods-bubba-watson/1#.T9sFg7Vn33U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;had to wait over 15 minutes for the 7th green to clear&lt;/a&gt;. (Live blog, 15:27).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, the golf associations use their best judgement based on historical evidence whilst encouraging quick play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T23:31:03.567" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T23:31:03.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="953" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:20:52.493" Score="9" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as managers of international squads go, there are some achieving great success (Vicente del Bosque for instance) and others not as successful (Steve McClaren, among others).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any relation between the success of a manager and whether they are managing the team of their home country? (ie: born in Spain, managing the Spanish national soccer team)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="181" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:06:25.393" Title="Are home-born managers more successful in international soccer?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="946" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:26:11.177" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/907/coaching-a-low-interest-collegiate-fencing-club&quot;&gt;assistant fencing coach&lt;/a&gt; for a collegiate club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Several injury risks I've encountered:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poked in the eye/face/chest/&quot;below the belt&quot;/etc&lt;/strong&gt;: This is most common. Being accidentally poked in some places are less severe than others, but it is still a common risk. In addition, the tip at the end of your fencing weapon may be loose or missing. A weapon without a tip is more painful than with one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Twisted ankles&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ligament tears are less common, but possible&lt;/em&gt;): In some fencing positions, one is susceptible to twisted ankles/ligament tears simply by shifting your weight the wrong way. An example: After a lunge, you can twist your ankle causing the rest of that side of your lower body to collapse. &lt;em&gt;A member actually suffered ligament tears in her knee when I was a student, and was in a full leg brace for about a year.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;To prevent these risks:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Safety first.&lt;/strong&gt; Use common sense. Don't put yourself or others at risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take time to learn the fundamentals.&lt;/strong&gt; Many people are interested in fencing because it &quot;looks cool,&quot; but these same people lose interest because they are not willing to put forth effort to learn the fundamentals. In my club, if you think you're going to use a weapon during your first month of drills, think again. It is not a toy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When fencing, wear appropriate &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baystatefencers.com/fencing_gear.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fencing gear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. This includes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mask&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Glove&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jacket &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Underarm protector (plasteron)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chest protector (mandatory for females; optional for males)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Protective Cup (for males)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Knickers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Knee-length socks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fencing shoes (recommended, but tennis or court shoes and sneakers will suffice)&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My club only requires socks, sneakers, and appropriate attire (t-shirt, gym     shorts) for warm-ups, conditioning, and drills. &lt;strong&gt;When a weapon is involved&lt;/strong&gt;, we require most of the gear listed above. We are lenient about the underarm protector, knickers, and knee-length socks (as long as the body is covered, sweats for example as an alternative to knickers and knee-high socks)...but we are stringent about the rest, especially a mask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE: Even if you're fencing lightly (or horsing around), wear gear&lt;/strong&gt;. Accidents are most common when we are not at an appropriate awareness level. That, compounded with not wearing gear, can result in a costly accident that could have been easily prevented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scan your equipment before use.&lt;/strong&gt; Make sure the equipment you are using is in good, maintained condition. As I state above, a weapon without a tip is more painful than with one. This can be easily prevented if you take a careful look over your equipment before you use it. If something doesn't look right, let someone (who knows what they are doing) know.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps, and hope I didn't scare you and your friend away ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T01:59:53.360" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="951" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="952" CreationDate="2012-06-15T16:33:36.747" Score="11" ViewCount="3843" Body="&lt;p&gt;The scores at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/usopen/2012/scoring/index.cfm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 US Open&lt;/a&gt; seem pretty bad, after the first round only five players were under par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the previous major tournament, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/masters/2012/scoring/index.cfm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Masters in April&lt;/a&gt;, there were 28 players under par after the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is so different about the US Open (or the Olympic Club where it is being played) that makes it so difficult for golfers to score well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="547" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T14:30:12.267" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T16:04:34.457" Title="What makes US Open golf courses difficult?" Tags="|golf|venues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="951" CreationDate="2012-06-15T18:44:02.897" Score="11" Body="&lt;h2&gt;What is the US Open?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The US Open is a major golf championship, the second during a given calendar year, that commences in mid-June. It is dubbed &quot;Golf's Toughest Test,&quot; and for great reason. The USGA, the organization that stages the US Open, sets up its golf courses as a rigorous test to challenge a golfer's shot-making ability, course management, and composure under pressure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The USGA considers the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usopen.com/en_US/news/articles/2013-05-09/201305091368116957133.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;factors&lt;/a&gt; in setting up US Open golf courses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Length, variation and playing characteristics of individual holes;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Length of overall golf course relative to total par;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Teeing ground locations (i.e., angles of play, variation of distance day to day);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fairway width and contours;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fairway firmness and speed;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green speed relative to percentage slopes and contours of the putting greens;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Putting green firmness;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rough height, density and stages of severity;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bunker preparation (i.e., create challenge of recovery);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green surrounds (e.g., closely mown areas vs. primary rough);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hole locations (relative difficulty, balance in location of left vs. right, front vs. back of green, anticipated wind, anticipated&#xA;  length of approach shot);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Risk and reward options;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anticipated weather conditions;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pace of Play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;An example in relation to the Olympic Club,&lt;/em&gt; the USGA added a bunker on the 17th hole to &quot;complicate the 'lay-up' shot and encourage players to go for the green in two.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Olympic-Club-adds-intriguing-bunker-at-No-17-3511166.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's&lt;/a&gt; description of the US Open:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way&#xA;  that scoring is very difficult with a premium placed on accurate&#xA;  driving. U.S. Open play is characterized by tight scoring at or around&#xA;  par by the leaders, with the winner usually emerging at around even&#xA;  par. A U.S. Open course is seldom beaten severely, and there have been&#xA;  many over-par wins (in part because par is usually set at 70 except&#xA;  for the very longest courses). Normally, an Open course is quite long&#xA;  and will have a high cut of primary rough (termed &quot;Open rough&quot; by the&#xA;  American press and fans), undulating greens (such as at Pinehurst No.&#xA;  2 in 2005, which was described by Johnny Miller of NBC as &quot;like trying&#xA;  to hit a ball on top of a VW Beetle&quot;), and pinched fairways&#xA;  (especially on what are expected to be less difficult holes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;US Open Results&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, winners finish around even par. Only extreme cases (Low scores: &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/library/weekly/bl2000usopen.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tiger Woods&lt;/a&gt; in 2000, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/usopen/2011/scoring/index.cfm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rory McIlroy&lt;/a&gt; in 2011...High scores: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/usopen/2006/scoring/index1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Geoff Ogilvy&lt;/a&gt; in 2006, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/usopen/2007/scoring/index1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Angel Cabrera&lt;/a&gt; in 2007...in recent history) show otherwise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2000, Tiger Woods won at -12, 272. Ernie Els and Miguel Angel-Jimenez finished tied for second place....at +3, 287....15 shots behind Woods. This has been portrayed as the most dominating major victory in history&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/features/relative-dominance/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Take away Woods's performance, and you will see that the 2000 US Open played difficult among the golfers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2011, Rory McIlroy broke Woods's record score in relation to par and aggregate by winning at -16, 268. Jason Day finished second at -8, 8 shots behind McIlroy. However, 20 golfers finished under par that week, and 38 golfers finished at +3 or better. Take away McIlroy's performance, and you will see that the 2011 US Open still played favorable among the golfers. Reason for the relatively favorable play that week? Rain, and lots of it. It softented up the course and slowed down fairways and greens. US Open fairways and greens are historically very fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A brief comparison to the Masters&lt;/strong&gt;: The Masters historically scores under par. A Masters winner has finished over par only a few times (like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.majorschampionships.com/masters/2007/scoring/index1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zach Johnson&lt;/a&gt; in 2007. Reason? Mid-50s°F weather the whole week. The Masters usually plays in the 80s°F). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Summary&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of the US Open is to see which golfer survives after four (or more) rounds of golf. The Olympic Club is &quot;so difficult&quot; because of the standards in which the USGA sets up US Open golf courses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: Based on your question, I interpreted that your observation that the Olympic Club is difficult was based on first round scores of the US Open. Therefore, I answered with the purpose of the US Open in mind. There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1024/527&quot;&gt;another answer&lt;/a&gt; that illustrates the difficulty of the Olympic Club itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-15T23:59:05.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="949" CreationDate="2012-06-15T22:39:21.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Great question, however hard it may be to provide a satisfactory answer to... :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot give you statistics on homegrown vs foreign managers in national teams, but I just want to point out that there are lots of homegrown managers that do not do well at all, likewise foreign managers that do wonders. Let's look at some examples: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brazil won all their World Cup titles with Brazilian managers, even when they came 2nd or 3rd they had Brazilian managers. For that matter, I don't know if they ever had a foreign manager, and it appears as if it hasn't been much of a problem for them. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Italy, much like Brazil, won all their titles, got 2nd and 3rd place finishes in the World Cup with Italian managers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Germany, again like Italy and Brazil, got to all her top three finishes in the world cup under the leadership of German managers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same pattern applies for France and Argentina (possibly with other nations). For instance the Turkish national team had breakthroughs only when they had Turkish managers. On the other hand Greece had her breakthrough under the management of Otto Rehhagel, a German manager, during which they won the Euro 2004: beating the host nation (Portugal), the title holders (France) and the the popular favorite (Czech Rep.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise Russia had a great streak of international success, first with Guus Hiddink and then now with Dirk Advocaat, both are Dutch. I do not recall any major success from the Russian national team with a Russian manager leading the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to give a definitive answer to this question but I'd say if you consider World Cup to be a good enough measure for success for national teams, then I'd say the scales are definitely more towards the home-grown coaches, which to me is not such a surprising insight. Coaching/managing national teams is tricky, players do not get to play with one another that often, there might be strong rivalries between them (e.g. England, Spain) the schedules might be challenging... It's important for the manager to find some common ground for the players to unite around, and be able to motivate them when they are down or confused, shake them to their senses when they are lazy or complacent. I believe a lot of those common grounds, values lie within the cultural codes of the upbringing in a nation and language. A foreign coach might benefit a national team in many ways, however in times of need it's more likely that a homeborn manager will come through for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps answer your question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:06:25.393" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:06:25.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="968" CreationDate="2012-06-15T22:48:44.717" Score="11" ViewCount="8261" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Euro 2012 match between Spain and Ireland, the referee actually ended up tackling down a player who was receiving the ball from his defense and moving off to dribble through the incoming players, resulting in a situation where Spain had a great chance of scoring based on this mistake by the referee. Involuntary it may be, but he had a direct effect on the game, unlike the ball hitting him on its course, or a player running in to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a video link of the incident: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAK40RFA-Jc&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAK40RFA-Jc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is whether or not the referee should/could/must do something to compensate the team for his mistake? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T01:30:06.503" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T01:30:06.503" Title="What should a referee do if he physically obstructs a player?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="289" CreationDate="2012-06-16T02:54:41.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to stay afloat, the essential thing is positive buoyancy, even after a capsize.  This means you need to trap a substantial quantity of air even if the cockpit fills with water.  The usual solutions are bulkheads to seal off the fore and aft compartments or float bags.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a number of people who paddle Coasters (a 14' boat) in very rough water and love them.  P &amp;amp; H has released a couple of Delphins for surf/rough water play at 15' and 15'6&quot;.  Generally (not always) longer boats are easier to paddle long distances and can provide higher speed.  They also generally provide greater cargo volume if you are camping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say if you want to paddle rough water you need to focus on the design of the kayak, including recovery from capsize, rather than the length.  Then practice the capsize recovery in rough water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="548" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T02:54:41.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="290" CreationDate="2012-06-16T03:02:01.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on where you paddle.  A roll is a &lt;em&gt;far&lt;/em&gt; faster recovery than an exit and reenter-I have seen 12 done in 30 seconds.  If you are up against the rocks that matters.  If you are out in open water, not so much, but you are still less likely to lose hold of the boat.  If you have a friend along, a T-rescue is much easier and saves you pumping.  Don't underestimate the energy you lose with a reentry and pump.  If you are far from home, you still need the energy to get back.  If you paddle solo, it is well worth learning to drain the kayak while righting so you don't have to pump (so much).  Basically you tread water, lift the bow to get the cockpit clear of the water, and flip the boat right side up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="548" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T03:02:01.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1575" CreationDate="2012-06-16T07:12:25.500" Score="8" ViewCount="10992" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen inline skates (for speed skating mostly) in a wide variety of set-ups w/r/t wheel diameter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OOOO: 4x100; 4x110 (typical)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OOO: 3x110 (a Powerslide model)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OOoO: 3x100+1x90; 3x110+1x100 (again some Powerslides)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ooooo: 5x80 (I used to see some setups like this)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the bigger the wheels, the better - in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The justification for setup 3 seems to be to lower the skater's center of gravity while keeping most wheels big. Does this really make a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does wheel count affect performance? My intuition fails me here- less bearings seem to imply less friction, but OTOH more stress on each bearing could result in more friction overall. What's the rule here? What's the profit from using a 3-wheel setup instead of a 4-wheel setup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="549" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T08:55:53.113" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T08:55:53.113" Title="How do different skate wheel setups affect performance?" Tags="|equipment|performance|skating|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="959" CreationDate="2012-06-16T20:49:37.277" Score="18" ViewCount="12396" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that both Greece and Russia were tied on 4 points, with Russia having +2 goal difference and Greece having +0, why did Greece finish higher than Russia (and thus progress to the knock-out stages) in the group in Euro 2012?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Country     W   D   L   GD  Pts&#xA;Czech Rep.  2   0   1   -1  6&#xA;Greece      1   1   1   0   4&#xA;Russia      1   1   1   2   4&#xA;Poland      0   2   1   -1  2&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/916/qualification-decision-in-group-stages-when-everything-is-equal&quot;&gt;This question&lt;/a&gt; seems to indicate Russia should be favoured over Greece (and this is what I thought was the case as well?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2024-03-23T13:48:06.183" Title="Why did Greece go through over Russia in Euro 2012?" Tags="|football|tie-breaker|euro|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="958" CreationDate="2012-06-16T21:38:45.343" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefa/Others/91/48/36/914836_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The rules in Euro 2012&lt;/a&gt; (see 8.07) state that if 2 teams are equal on points, the first criteria applied to separate the teams is the winner of the game of the respective teams. If the teams had drawn and were still equal points, only then would it be decided by goal difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the&#xA;following criteria are applied, in the order given; to determine the rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of points obtained in the matches among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;superior goal difference in the matches among the teams in question (if more&#xA;than two teams finish equal on points);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of goals scored in the matches among the teams in question (if&#xA;more than two teams finish equal on points);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;superior goal difference in all the group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of goals scored in all the group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;position in the UEFA national team coefficient ranking system (see Annex I,&#xA;paragraph 1.2.2);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;drawing of lots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An exception to this is 8.08, which handles cases where two teams are tied, and they play each other in their last group match;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two teams which have the same number of points, the same number of goals&#xA;scored and conceded play their last group match against each other and are still&#xA;equal at the end of that match, the ranking of the two teams in question is&#xA;determined by kicks from the penalty mark (Article 16), provided no other teams&#xA;within the group have the same number of points on completion of all group&#xA;matches. Should more than two teams have the same number of points, the criteria&#xA;listed under paragraph 8.07 apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="550" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-23T13:48:06.183" LastActivityDate="2024-03-23T13:48:06.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="957" CreationDate="2012-06-16T21:42:11.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The real reason for using O°°O or OO°O is to allow you to perform rail tricks more easily, and without grinding away the wheels so much as it allows the rail to touch the skate, rather than the rubber wheels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OOO tends to give you a shorter wheelbase, which can allow you to spin and change direction more rapidly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ooooo is quite stable at speed, and may allow you to accelerate faster, but is harder to turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-09-17T12:19:29.053" LastActivityDate="2012-09-17T12:19:29.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="958" CreationDate="2012-06-16T22:17:08.087" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because Greece beat Russia 1-0. In the Euro, when teams are equal on points the decider is which team beat the other. Goal difference is the second decider in the event of the two teams having drawn their match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T22:45:13.390" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T22:45:13.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="965" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="966" CreationDate="2012-06-17T07:34:56.477" Score="16" ViewCount="4320" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player receives a first caution (yellow card) during the game and the same player scores a goal and removes his jersey will he be dismissed from the field of play and shown a red card?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="542" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-26T08:42:13.343" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T02:54:58.017" Title="Do players get yellow cards when they remove their jersey during celebrations?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="965" CreationDate="2012-06-17T07:45:08.190" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it happen numerous of times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like every other yellow card,&#xA;look at this from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lawsofthegameen.pdfJhbv3VVA&amp;amp;sig2=FhVOTOyeHVirYTyk1h-LjA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA laws of the games&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Celebration of a Goal&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While it is permissible for a player to demonstrate his joy when a goal has been &#xA;  scored, the celebration must not be excessive.&#xA;  Reasonable celebrations are allowed, but the practice of choreographed &#xA;  celebrations is not to be encouraged when it results in excessive time-wasting &#xA;  and referees are instructed to intervene in such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must be cautioned if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in the opinion of the referee, he makes gestures which are provocative, &#xA;  derisory or inﬂammatory&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;he climbs on to a perimeter fence to celebrate a goal being scored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;he removes his shirt or covers his head with his shirt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;he covers his head or face with a mask or other similar item&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Leaving the ﬁeld of play to celebrate a goal is not a cautionable offence in itself &#xA;  but it is essential that players return to the field of play as soon as possible.&#xA;  Referees are expected to act in a preventative manner and to exercise common &#xA;  sense in dealing with the celebration of a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two examples from the FA Premier League:&#xA;- &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4616854.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arjen Robben of Chelsea&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;- &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/news/gaffer-happy-with-players-ross-faces-ban-1-1013598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ross Wallace of Sunderland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T02:54:58.017" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T02:54:58.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="954" CreationDate="2012-06-17T13:53:51.390" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the situation you describe, that being the referee impeding a player, the referee has no obligation to stop play or provide compensation to either the attacking or defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 9 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lawsofthegameen.pdf&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball Out of Play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or&#xA;  in the air&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;play has been stopped by the referee&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball In Play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is in play &lt;strong&gt;at all other times&lt;/strong&gt;, including when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and remains in the&#xA;  field of play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it rebounds off either the referee&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, there is nothing that states explicitly that the ball is out of play in the event of a collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if we look at the interpretation of the rule, we have the bullet above which states &quot;play has been stopped by the referee&quot;.  So we ask, should the referee stop play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is &quot;No&quot;.  The referee is deemed as part of the field of play.  A player colliding with the referee is, for all intents and purposes, the same as a player colliding with the post, tripping over on the grass or catching his foot on the corner flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One exception to this would be if the player was substantially injured (such as a head injury).  The referee would then use his discretion to stop the play if desired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, the referee will do his best to keep out of the way of the ball and players but, if he does collide with the ball or a player, play shall continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:53:51.390" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="969" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="971" CreationDate="2012-06-17T13:58:46.600" Score="9" ViewCount="904" Body="&lt;p&gt;In light of the fact that anyone who wants to watch Euro 2012 games has to pay UEFA (either pay directly through pay-for-view, or pay indirectly though the cable company), I am interested in knowing where this money goes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been recently told that this money is not used to pay for the expenses of organizing football games (building stadiums, etc.), and the cities that host the games pay these expenses.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does UEFA financially contribute to football that justifies the huge profits it makes by selling the broadcasting rights of the games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="557" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-10-04T18:06:46.143" LastActivityDate="2014-10-04T18:06:46.143" Title="How does UEFA spend its profits from broadcasting rights?" Tags="|football|finances|uefa|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="969" CreationDate="2012-06-17T14:22:42.327" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/uefaorg/Finance/01/77/26/17/1772617_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot;&gt;UEFA's finance report for 2010/2011&lt;/a&gt; shows exactly where their income originated from, and what they spent it on;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They summarise that football related income largely originates from;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;broadcasting rights&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;commercial and licensing rights&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ticket sales&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hospitality sales&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;other football-related revenue: fines, FIFA contributions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, football-related expenses includes;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;distributions to the participating teams&lt;/strong&gt; - Don't forget this one! This cost them a  total of €1,000,589,000 in 2010/11!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;direct contributions to local organising committees (LOC)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;agency commissions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;various costs incurred during events such as technical and audiovisual &#xA;equipment and other material&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rights-delivery costs such as signage, event promotion and rights &#xA;protection expenses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;direct costs related to hospitality and TV production&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ICT expenses such as IT projects in the football and event domains&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;match officials such as referees and delegates, as well as related &#xA;expenses (travel, accommodation and allowances) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course like any big organisation, they have running expenses as well which include;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;salaries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;travel expenses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;marketing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rent, building maintenance and security &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="59" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T14:28:56.487" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T14:28:56.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="958" CreationDate="2012-06-17T19:50:39.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically... Greece got through due to head to head vs Russia (1-0 win) but Holland can still qualify because if they win by more than two goals then 3 teams will be on the same points meaning the head to head results no longer counts, so it goes to goal difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="558" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-21T12:49:39.160" LastActivityDate="2024-03-21T12:49:39.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="973" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="975" CreationDate="2012-06-18T08:23:13.873" Score="9" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rangers were bought by Charles Green's consortium last week and it has&#xA;  formed a new company that will have to re-apply for SPL membership.&#xA;  But no date has yet been set for the vote, where Rangers need to win&#xA;  support of 7 of the other 11 clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18476930&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they need 7 votes from the 11 clubs, when 6 would be the majority? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user560" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-02T22:34:35.767" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T22:34:35.767" Title="Why do Rangers need to win support of 7 of the other 11 clubs in the SPL?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="958" CreationDate="2012-06-18T08:29:43.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first criteria applied to separate the teams is the winner of the game of the respective teams (head to head). If the teams had drawn and were still equal points, only then would it be decided by goal difference. This follows the Champions League method rather than the World Cup method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enforced, basically, to stop a 'Peru 78' type event, whereby Argentina intentionally delayed the kick-off of its last match to await the result of the Brazil-Poland encounter which favoured Brazil, 3-1. Argentina now had to beat Peru by four clear goals to reach the final. The hosts managed to do it with what some saw as a suspicious degree of ease. Trailing 2–0 at half-time, Peru simply collapsed in the second half, and Argentina eventually won 6–0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Personal knowledge, but text from: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup#second_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user560" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-21T12:52:24.513" LastActivityDate="2024-03-21T12:52:24.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="973" CreationDate="2012-06-18T08:45:08.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Scottish Premier League is still technically made up of twelve teams, including the interim &quot;Club 12&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As there are twelve clubs in the league, it is mandated that the majority is 7 and above, although &quot;Club 12&quot; will be a no-vote as it isn't currently certain that the newco Rangers will be that club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For good reading, here's an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scotsman.com/the-scotsman/sport/football/rangers-takeover-how-spl-clubs-might-vote-on-newco-in-top-flight-1-2351524&quot;&gt;interesting article&lt;/a&gt; on how the other SPL clubs might vote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T08:45:08.243" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2012-06-18T22:27:31.940" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another problem with applying instant replays beyond just interrupting the flow of the game. It all stems from the nature of football in sometimes lacking breaks in play for quite some time. So how will this cause a problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, let us say that the referee is allowed to use a radio link to the video referee. A long ball is played up to player X, a striker who breaks away into a one to one against the keeper, but who may possibly have been offside.  At present the referee (aided by his assistant) makes an instant decision. And if we see he gets it wrong (once we have watched the replay from five angles), we all moan at him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But,&lt;/strong&gt; even if video replay was allowed, the referee would &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; stop play to use it, since if player X was &lt;em&gt;onside&lt;/em&gt; then the ref has just stopped a possible goal scoring move anyway. He needs to wait for a break in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the referee lets the move continue:  If X scores then the video can be checked and a goal awarded or disallowed. Even if it results in a goal kick or corner then we have a natural break to check the replay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if when play is allowed to continue, X shoots; the goalie pushes the ball out; it is played around by the players of X's team for half a minute or so (still too close to goal to just stop play); and then X's team mate Y dashes into the penalty area with the ball at his feet and is viciously fouled by defender Z... a clear sending off offence. The ball however runs on into the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At which point the replay referee sends down a message that the original ball to X was &lt;strong&gt;offside&lt;/strong&gt;! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the poor ref (aided by modern technology) do now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Disallow the goal for an offence that happened a while ago. (Believe me, players moan if the ref is &lt;em&gt;seconds&lt;/em&gt; late with a whistle.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If he does disallow it (as he should) what about the sending off offence? The defence will argue forcibly that player Z should never have been in the position of having to foul Y since the game ought to have stopped a while ago. And imagine the nastiness from Y's team if Z is let off.  Whichever decision is made will not seem right to one team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All this will be even more difficult if Y has a broken leg...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just a simple example using offside.  The same problems or worse can occur with just about any decision that needs to be verified by another ref using a video screen. This is why IFAB (the law making body of world football) are insisting that any way of checking if the ball has crossed the line for a goal, needs to be instant. Goal line technology will probably arrive: but I think that anything like the above, that needs even a brief time for analysis, falls into huge potential problems if play has to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least now, right or wrong, an instant decision is made and the game stopped or allowed to continue. Mistakes will often be made, but we all just have to accept that, and get on with the game. So why shouldn't players just accept my imagined scenario too? Because once video technology is accepted for some decisions, then players will expect correct calls at all times... and the free flowing nature of football (unlike cricket, gridiron, rugby which are all played in short bursts of action) is not suited to this technology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="563" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T15:04:06.150" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T15:04:06.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="978" CreationDate="2012-06-19T03:38:58.117" Score="21" ViewCount="46889" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked around for this statistic without luck.  I just wondered what percentage of corner kicks actually result in a goal? Not necessarily straight in, but from the same passage of play. I have seen answers (without any references) varying from 2.5% (feels too  low) to 32% (surely way too high).  Anyone know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="563" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-06-18T07:40:40.663" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T16:26:40.953" Title="What percent of corner kicks turn into goals?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="977" CreationDate="2012-06-19T07:00:31.810" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The percent of goals from corners is changing from league to league, for one competition to another and for one year to another.&#xA;For example on 2010 World Cup 1 goal scored for every 70 corners taken, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but generally the ratio of corners to goals is almost &lt;strong&gt;zero&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at Ratio of Corners to Goal in the EPL&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dTxQz.png&quot; alt=&quot;2010/11 Ratio of Corners to Goal in the EPL&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see that Fulham who has the best ratio has 0.07 goals for corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most extensive articles I came across it was:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/05/why-goal-value-of-corners-is-almost.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;soccerbythenumbers&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scienceofsocceronline.com/2010/12/corner-kicks-by-numbers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scienceofsocceronline&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T17:02:21.930" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T17:02:21.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="977" CreationDate="2012-06-19T08:39:31.107" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might be surprised to hear that the ratio of corners to goals is almost &lt;strong&gt;nil&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On average, the data show that a corner is good for (drumroll ....) 0.022 goals. This means that the average EPL team scores 1 goal from a corner about every 10 games. And this helps to explain the lack of a correlation between the number of corners and goal scoring. The infrequency of the goals from corners combined with a lack of dispersion between teams in corners per game lead conspire to make corners mostly, well, useless when it comes to scoring goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dTxQz.png&quot; alt=&quot;2010/11 Ratio of Corners to Goal in the EPL&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this sample of matches, Fulham and Arsenal led the league in converting corner-created shots into goals at a rate of over .25, while at the low end, none of the shots created by Sunderland, Man City, Bolton, or Birmingham found the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Source 1 : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/05/why-goal-value-of-corners-is-almost.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soccer by numbers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Source 2 : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/02/goal-value-of-corners-zero.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soccer by numbers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Copyright notice&lt;/strong&gt;:  The images and quotes posted above remain the sole property of the original owners and are posted here for educational purposes only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T08:39:31.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="982" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:01:26.067" Score="14" ViewCount="13681" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the number of stars on a football team's shirt shows how many times they were champion. For football clubs it corresponds to their continental champions league. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about national teams? Does it show number of continental championships or the number of world championships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we say that number of stars relates to the tournament that the team participates in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="536" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T13:28:33.097" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T13:28:33.097" Title="Stars on football players' shirts" Tags="|football|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="981" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:18:06.000" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;equipment regulations for FIFA competitions&lt;/a&gt;, section 18.2 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Those Member Associations that have won the FIFA World Cup may put a symbol on the playing shirt representing this accomplishment and the number of times won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form of symbol is not specified, although the accompanying illustrative example depicts a gold star.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For national team jerseys, each star displayed over the badge represents a men’s World Cup won by the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Brazil added three stars above their badge after winning their third World Cup in 1970. Italy did likewise in 1982. All world champions have since followed suit. Uruguay display four stars, regarding their triumphs in the 1924 and 1928 Olympics as equivalent to their later World Cup wins, as there was no World Cup at the time. In 2004, Denmark wore a star on their shirts specially for Euro 2004, to commemorate their victory in the competition in 1992. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A win at the European Cup of Nations (Euro) is not supposed to be represented by a star.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;USA has 3 stars but those are part of the design of the badge. They do not mean anything in term of tournament victories. Stars have a significance only when they are embroidered above the badge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A women’s World Cup victory is also represented by a star, but it is usually worn on the sleeves. Women’s national jerseys also wear the stars won by the men above their badge (although the men do not display the women’s stars)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At club level, stars have different meanings, depending of the country.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In France, Italy and Portugal, 1 star means 10 league titles. Benfica players wear a jersey with 3 stars on top of the team's crest for its 36 &quot;Primeira Liga&quot; titles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germany has two systems: &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The DFL (Bundesliga, 2. Bundesliga only): &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 star for 3 titles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 stars for 5 titles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 stars for 10 titles &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 stars for at least 20 titles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; Bayern Munich have 4 stars for its 27 Bundesliga wins (BM's 1932 title was won 31 years before Bundesliga started hence not counted).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The DFB system (everything else, like Women's Bundesliga, 3. Liga, etc.):&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 Star for any club that won at least one championship in one of Germany's top domestic leagues (Bundesliga, DDR Oberliga, titles before 1963)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;optionally the number of titles can be imprinted on that star&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Turkey, a club gets a star for each 5th championship. Hence, Galatasaray (21 wins) has 4 stars, Fenerbahçe (19) and Beşiktaş (15) have 3, Trabzonspor (6) has 1 star.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the US, 1 star means 1 MLS Cup.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In some countries, the federation has no say whatsoever in the meaning of stars. Thus, the clubs can wear them for whatever reason they like. In Brazil, for example, some clubs would display stars for Second Division titles or state championship titles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, winners of the UEFA Champions League do not wear stars above their badge: They wear, on the sleeve, a blue badge with the UCL trophy and the number of UCL titles won. However, they’re only authorized to display it when they play a UCL game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For further reading look at Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_(football_badge)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Star (football badge)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T06:50:50.370" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T06:50:50.370" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="984" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1527" CreationDate="2012-06-19T15:20:22.090" Score="11" ViewCount="34920" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d80141cd7/article/nfl-clubs-to-recognize-team-captains&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, many NFL teams incorporated a &quot;C&quot; patch for team captains, and the number of gold stars filled in represents the number of consecutive years a player has been captain for his team&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_team_captains&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he is a captain for his team for the 5th consecutive year, then the &quot;C&quot; on his patch is gold as shown below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2DUGs.png&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;quot;C&amp;quot; patch&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drew Brees and Eli Manning are entering their 6th consecutive year as captains for their team. What will their &quot;C&quot; patch look like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T14:09:41.780" LastActivityDate="2022-05-12T18:39:38.847" Title="NFL 6th (consecutive) year captain patch" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="985" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-19T15:33:40.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_%28sports%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;captain&lt;/a&gt; is a honorary title given to a member(s) of a team. In some cases, the captain may have significant responsibility for strategy and teamwork while the game is in progress on the field. It is a position that indicates honor and respect from one's teammates – recognition as a leader by one's peers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:14:48.140" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:14:48.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="986" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-19T15:33:40.713" Score="0" Body="Questions about team captains and their roles. This tag may be combined with the [team-dynamics] tag, if necessary" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:14:48.140" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:14:48.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="987" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-19T15:36:37.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fencing, which is also known as olympic fencing to distinguish it from historical fencing, is a family of combat sports using bladed weapons. It is usually practised with the help of a sword or mini-blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fencing is one of five sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games, the other four being Athletics, Cycling, Swimming, and Gymnastics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sport of fencing is divided into three weapons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Foil&lt;/strong&gt; — a light thrusting weapon that targets the torso, including the back, but not the arms. Touches are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not count, and do not halt the action. Touches that land outside of the target area (off-target) stop the action, and are not scored. Only a single hit can be scored by either fencer at one time. If both fencers hit at the same time, the referee uses the rules of &amp;quot;right of way&amp;quot; to determine which fencer gets the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sabre&lt;/strong&gt; — a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, excluding the hands. Hits with the edges of the blade as well as the tip are valid. As in foil, touches which land outside of the target area are not scored. However, unlike foil, these off-target touches do not stop the action, and the fencing continues. In the case of both fencers landing a scoring touch, the referee determines which fencer receives the point for the action, again through the use of &amp;quot;right of way&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Épée&lt;/strong&gt; — a heavier thrusting weapon that targets the entire body. All hits must be with the tip and not the sides of the blade. Touches hit by the side of the blade do not halt the action. Unlike foil and sabre, Épée does not use &amp;quot;right of way&amp;quot;, and allows simultaneous hits by both fencers. However, if the score is tied at the last point and a double touch is scored, nobody is awarded the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T23:14:14.950" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T23:14:14.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="988" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-19T15:36:37.730" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of fencing." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:31:53.250" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:31:53.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="946" CreationDate="2012-06-19T18:06:54.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fencing is really very safe as long as you go to a real club and follow directions. Any risks of injury are the same for other leg-heavy sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In General:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• Make sure to drink plenty of water&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• Stretch and warm-up before and after (especially stretch your quads and athletic lunges)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For Fencing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• Pay attention to form when learning advances, retreats, and lunges&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• For &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e&quot;&gt;epee&lt;/a&gt;, where the whole body is target, you are more likely to get some bruises. (It all depends on the other people you fence with; beginners might be a little wild.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• I can't speak for foil, but I've never been hurt by a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabre_%28fencing%29&quot;&gt;saber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have fun! Fencing is great exercise and a mental challenge, and I hope you and your friend decide to give it a try!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="566" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T18:06:54.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="907" CreationDate="2012-06-19T18:21:01.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for drawing in new members:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could try to advertise fencing in and around the fitness center to people who want to workout but not run in place for an hour. Make a website (it can be a tumblr, a google site or even a Facebook page) and post links everywhere. That way people can check it out from afar. Videos, practice info, and pictures of fencers looking cool would invite others to join.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say just teach as many people as possible the basics. Then introduce gentle bouting strategy or have a demonstration to intrigue. If someone isn't motivated, they won't be changed, but you might find new talent and people who are motivated to better themselves and thus keep the club running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think team diversity will start with gender diversity if you don't already have this. People come to fencing for different reasons: some for the movie/rpg swords, some for general fitness, some &quot;just because&quot;. If you bring in, say two female friends who want cross-training and a smart swimmer wanting mental exercise, then you have more diverse members who will further spread word of mouth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="566" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T18:21:01.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1006" CreationDate="2012-06-20T12:49:05.637" Score="20" ViewCount="25868" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never played any golf before, outside of a small bit of putt-putt. It looks like it might be fun, and I think I'd like to get started. I have some friends that play, and to hear them talk, they're pretty good. I don't want to just bug them into taking me along since as a total amateur, I'm sure I'd just grind their day to a halt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can I do to take the first steps of learning to play the sport. Should I get in contact with a golf coach somehow? Are there classes for this kind of thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I see all the expensive golf gear for sale in sporting goods stores. How much should I really need to invest just to start playing at a reasonable level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="568" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T03:14:30.713" Title="How can I get started in golf?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="992" CreationDate="2012-06-20T14:27:22.050" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having fairly recently taken up the sport myself, I feel your discomfort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Equipment: I cannot stress this enough.  Buy second-hand equipment.  It really doesn't matter if it looks beat up, you can get some very good deals and as a beginner you don't need to spend a fortune before you even decide that you like the sport.  I ignored this advice and bought a shiny new set of clubs, and a year later, it looks almost as beat up as the second hand stuff I could have bought for a fraction of the price.  You can always buy a nice bag if it make you feel better.  I spent nearly $300 on clubs, where I should have spent no more than $100 on second hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Learning:  Get some group lessons.  These are certainly available anywhere I have lived (UK &amp;amp; USA).  Get some private lessons if you can afford that - then find a small beginner friendly course and get out there.  I found a small 9-hole community course, and got out there early Sunday mornings when it was empty.  Find someone else who is willing to learn the sport with you - and you can both enjoy being frustrated at the most enjoyable and infuriating sport on the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T14:27:22.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="992" CreationDate="2012-06-20T14:30:50.500" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What can I do to take the first steps of learning to play the sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Immerse yourself into the game.&lt;/strong&gt; From here, you can take your next steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watch golf.&lt;/strong&gt; My motto: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Watch to learn. Play to win.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; Golf telecasts will usually have slow-motion swing analysis and tips.  If you have the Golf Channel, there are many shows like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfchannel.com/tv/the-golf-fix/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Golf Fix&lt;/a&gt; that are dedicated to golf instruction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, Phil Mickelson's &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B001TWT0DQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Secrets of the Short Game&lt;/a&gt; is an excellent instructional video about the short game, where at least half your shots will take place. There are others as well, but Phil's DVD is a great starting point for a beginner.....think of it as building your golf game from the ground up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should I get in contact with a golf coach somehow? Are there classes for this kind of thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is your choice. Many golfers have been successful with or without a golf coach. Personally, I don't have a golf coach. Also, it's not within my budget. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are golf lessons. Once again, I don't take lessons. Like with coaches, many golfers have been successful with or without golf lessons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally: If anything, I'll have a playing partner watch me for a few swings. &lt;strong&gt;When I think about my golf game too much, I suffer.&lt;/strong&gt;  As you grow into the game of golf, you will find out for yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; To add to my answer (based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/145/iandotkelly&quot;&gt;iandotkelly's&lt;/a&gt; answer), play in groups. Regardless of the skill level of the rest of your group, you all go through the same frustrations. Also, it keeps you accountable (and motivated, I really like playing with other golfers), and you have other playing partners who can be your eyes and ears when you hit your tee shot. This is what makes golf such an inviting sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How much should I really need to invest just to start playing at a reasonable level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: I am a huge advocate for getting tour-caliber golf balls and fitted golf clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are just &lt;strong&gt;starting out&lt;/strong&gt; (and on a budget), I would find a set of hand-me down golf clubs and inexpensive golf balls so you can get introduced and comfortable with the game. &lt;em&gt;There's no use for the $300 USD driver, especially if you become unmotivated. Also, there's no point in spending $48 USD for a dozen of golf balls if you lose them in less than one round.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After you get comfortable and start ball-striking decently (i.e. less &quot;ground balls&quot; and whiffs than well-struck balls and losing less than three golf balls a round), your next step is to find a set of golf clubs from a few years back and get them fitted. &lt;em&gt;Golf technology is great, but if you think a &lt;a href=&quot;http://taylormadegolf.com/taylormade/RocketBallz-Fairway-Woods/DW-JN820,default,pd.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RBZ 3-wood&lt;/a&gt; gives you 17 more yards than your current 3-wood, think again (results not typical, per se).†&lt;/em&gt;  Golf shops are knowledgeable for what you individually need, even if the equipment is a few years old. For example, I got a Nike SQ DYMO (2009) at the end of 2010 for $80 USD fitted. Great deal, and I started hitting the ball lower, further, and straighter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For golf balls, I go to eBay and get &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.titleist.com/golf-balls/Pro-V1.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro V1s&lt;/a&gt; used (in at least &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lostgolfballs.com/gradingscale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AAA&lt;/a&gt; condition) for about $1 USD a ball. At at your local golf shop, the same golf balls new costs about $4 USD a ball. There's not much difference between the two at a pre-amateur skill level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lots of info, but here's a start :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; If there is a club you want to spend (not too much) money on, it would be a putter. That's the most important golf club in the bag.  There are different kinds of putters. I'm not a fan of long or belly putters, but if that works for you, go for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;† - &lt;sub&gt; The RBZ 3-wood does actually give you 17 extra yards...when compared to a robot-tested Burner 11 Fairway Wood with a ball speed of 150 mph&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mygolfspy.com/rocketballz-haircut-challenge/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. This is atypical for a common golfer.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T18:08:02.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="930" CreationDate="2012-06-20T20:10:43.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physically:&lt;/strong&gt; My natural shot shape is a pop-up fade. When I hit a draw, I easily hit it 70-80 yards further than my natural shot shape. Can I do that by command? Not at all ;) At one time, I was regularly lifting weights. During this time, I was hitting a draw with every club in the bag, and I lost the ability to hit a fade.  When I stopped lifting regularly, my ability to hit a fade came back. I suspect that &lt;strong&gt;biomechanics&lt;/strong&gt; have something to do with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feel:&lt;/strong&gt; This thread notes that &quot;the results of a fitting can change from day to day.&quot; One day, I can be hitting slight draws, slight fades, straight or I can be hitting duck hooks, slices, and everywhere else in between. Some days, I tee the ball high. Some days, I tee the ball low. My golf game can change from day to day, and it's &lt;strong&gt;a matter of feel and working with what you got&lt;/strong&gt; that day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mentally:&lt;/strong&gt; I got to the point of overanalyzing and mechanisizing my game to the point where I wasn't enjoying golf anymore. Now, I just strategize my shot, step up, and &lt;strong&gt;fire away&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clubs:&lt;/strong&gt; Adjustable drivers such as a STR8-FIT or R11 driver answer the question of adjusting on-the-fly to accomodate for your game. Also, normal flex for a 94 mph swing speed sounds right. This is &lt;strong&gt;your choice&lt;/strong&gt;, and it seems like you've made a clear-cut one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, you've done anything any enthusiast golfer would do (been there, done that). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if you tell me to &quot;try everything&quot; I'll probably end up changing too much and becoming more inconsistent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly. This is why my suggestion is to go out there and just bomb a few at the driving range. If you hit a great shot, great. If not, great. Go out there and have fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T20:10:43.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="998" CreationDate="2012-06-20T20:37:36.970" Score="9" ViewCount="14280" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does one get a high/low BABIP?  Is this statistic for hitters and/or pitchers?  What does a high/low BABIP mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definition: BABIP = (Hits - Homeruns) / (At Bats - Strikeouts - Homeruns + Sacrifice Flies)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="569" LastEditorUserId="569" LastEditDate="2012-06-22T15:12:16.297" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T19:38:08.513" Title="What is BABIP in Baseball, and what does it tell us?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="996" CreationDate="2012-06-20T20:54:40.853" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A normal BABIP for a pitcher is around.300.  It's possible due to exceptionally poor, or exceptionally good defense that &quot;normal&quot; could be anywhere from .290 - .310.  So anywhere within that spread should be considered somewhat normal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What a high BABIP tells us is that a pitcher is unlucky.  It tells us this because we are generalizing that once a ball is put into play (notice strikeouts, homeruns, sac flies and walks do not count) the pitcher has no effect on whether that ball is a hit or an out.  If the average ball in play goes for a hit at a .300 rate, but pitcher A has a BABIP of .370, it's telling us that this pitcher should regress towards the mean.  So if the pitcher does regress towards the mean, we would expect other stats like ERA or WHIP to come down as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side, a low BABIP tells us that a pitcher has been lucky that more balls hit in play did not go for hits.  So we can look at a pitcher with a .250 BABIP and expect that his other stats may be going up as well as he regresses towards the mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now it's certainly not full proof and doesn't take into account fly ball/ground ball rates etc... But used with other advanced statistics, it can tell you quite a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BABIP can also be used for hitters, however it is not quite as helpful.  While it can be generally said that once a ball is in play, a pitcher has little influence over whether or not that ball is a hit, it can't be said for hitters.  This is mostly due to speed, where faster hitters are more likely to effect their BABIP due to running out infield singles.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T20:54:40.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="996" CreationDate="2012-06-20T20:55:05.897" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The BABIP calculation/metric can be used for both batters and pitchers. The formula/definition that you mention above is a good indicator of what it measures - the percentage of hits for balls that were hit into play. Per this &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/fantasy/baseball/flb/story?page=mlbdk2k11babipprimer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;excerpt&lt;/a&gt; from ESPN:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;BABIP, or batting average on balls in play, was originally designed to&#xA;  measure a pitcher's ability to prevent hits on balls in play. Today&#xA;  it's widely used to evaluate both pitchers and hitters, and it's a&#xA;  calculation of a hitter's batting average -- or pitcher's batting&#xA;  average allowed -- on batted balls put into the field of play. That&#xA;  means walks and strikeouts don't count; those aren't batted balls. Nor&#xA;  do home runs; those don't land within the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For pitchers, some analysts view a low BABIP as an indicator that the pitcher has been &quot;lucky,&quot; since they believe that pitchers have little control over balls that are hit in play. In this type of analysis, pitchers that have lower BABIP that their historic averages are viewed as being likely to perform worse in the future, as their BABIP should revert to the mean/norms. However, pitchers might have consistently higher/lower BABIP due to their styles (e.g., percentage of ground balls vs flyballs) and the quality of their fielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, this metric can be used to measure the &quot;luck&quot; of hitters - a higher than normal BABIP may indicate that a hitter will &quot;cool off&quot; over the course of the season, while a hitter that has a low BABIP will tend &quot;heat up&quot; as the season progresses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the ESPN article notes, there are several additional factors that impact BABIP - speed of the hitter, quality of contact, and the quality of the defense. As an example, hitters will a good hitting eye may have better quality of contact and have better BABIP rates than their peers. Faster hitters might also be able to beat out throws to first, thus increasing their BABIP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T20:55:05.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="930" CreationDate="2012-06-21T02:35:19.487" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the original question and the following comments, here are some suggestions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As mentioned by gbianchi, try clubs at an actual golf range. Simulators can be poorly calibrated for one, but also users may feel pressured to swing harder because the distance is displayed for all observers to see. Search for free 'demo days' hosted at your local driving range or golf course.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://taylormadegolf.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-TMaG-Site/default/Stores-FindFittingCentersDemoDays&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://taylormadegolf.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-TMaG-Site/default/Stores-FindFittingCentersDemoDays&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.callawaygolf.com/global/en-us/custom-fitting/demo-days.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.callawaygolf.com/global/en-us/custom-fitting/demo-days.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't forget to bring your current driver to test them side-by-side. You need a reference!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball flight &quot;D&quot; in the image from Michael Myers would typically result from a proper swing path (not inside out) and a closed face. First thing I would recommend is to check your stance and setup. Have someone take a picture of your setup from behind and in front and compare it to any pro. Check the direction your feet are aimed, your shoulders, your back, your arms, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that doesn't change anything or you want a quick fix, try weakening your grip by either changing to an overlap or interlocking grip like you tried (generally, from weakest to strongest: overlapping, interlocking, baseball grip). You can also try to roll your left hand out so that the velcro on your glove faces more toward your target and less upward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take these tips with a grain of salt. There's not much we can do without seeing your swing. Which leads me to my final suggestion...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Get a lesson. This should really be 1. Surely, you should probably upgrade from the 30 dollar kiddie club, but maybe buy a used driver, and use the money you saved for a set of lessons (and range balls to practice what you learn). In my experience, it is typically the swing and not the club that is the problem. Newer clubs might be more forgiving if you miss the sweet spot, or may go 5-10 yards further, but they won't fix your swing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="571" LastActivityDate="2012-06-21T02:35:19.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1000" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1001" CreationDate="2012-06-21T03:02:52.373" Score="28" ViewCount="41087" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that every type of race on an oval track moves in a counter-clockwise direction. Off the top of my head, I know that this happens in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;auto racing of any kind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;roller derby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;horse racing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;speed skating&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;running races (the 'track' part of 'track &amp;amp; field', I suppose)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greyhound racing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the history of this custom? Is there a reason all races are run counter-clockwise? Are there exceptions to this rule (if it can even be called a rule)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:23:06.710" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:55:44.557" Title="Are all oval-track races done counter-clockwise? If so, why?" Tags="|history|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1000" CreationDate="2012-06-21T07:23:13.523" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not all tracks are counter clockwise, The exceptions being the Australian version of NASCAR (AUSCAR) and horse racing is often run clockwise outside the US such as England(St Leger - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Leger_Stakes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.), Continental Europe, Australia, and Hong Kong. also some of F1 races are clockwise like .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision to run horses counterclockwise in the US dates to the American Revolution era. In 1780, the first circular US race track was established by William Whitley near his home in Lincoln County, Kentucky. A staunch supporter of the Revolution, Whitley insisted that horses race counterclockwise, as opposed to clockwise as was the custom at the time in England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;IAAF Rule 163.1 states: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The direction of running shall be left-hand inside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.iaaf.org/TheSport/Technical/Tracks/TrackMeasurementReport.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;iaaf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there are explanations for counterclockwise races but &lt;strong&gt;none is formal&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International agreement stipulating the direction related to the setting up of equipment to time the finishes and judge dead-heats (close finishes). If all running events are run in the same direction it means that it simplifies the process of setting up the equipment across different venues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every NASCAR oval track has only left turns, because the drivers sit on that side of the car. The drivers generally try to keep to the inside of the track (because it is a shorter distance around the track) So by making all left turns, the drivers can better see what is going on around them.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety reasons, keeps the driver away from the out side wall (guardrail in the old days).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;that spectator will percieve the runners as moving left to right - the same direction our eyes move when we read.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the human body is slightly heavier than the right because of the heart and when running anticlockwise, the body would tend to very slightly incline towards the left, which could be an advantage while running anticlockwise&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most people are right hand/leg dominant.Moving counterclockwise we have a better control and move faster.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/On_oval_tracks_why_do_the_race_cars_always_go_counter_clockwise_and_make_only_left_turns#ixzz1yPPfkwrH&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki.answers.com&lt;/a&gt;,   &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100222070540AAAdxKz&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;answers.yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can look on different interesting paper that tool about the directions types in generally and not only in sport - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1001/why-are-races-always-run-in-a-counterclockwise-direction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;straightdope&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T16:54:56.100" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:54:56.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1002" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1003" CreationDate="2012-06-21T15:47:35.873" Score="13" ViewCount="1563" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a long-time watcher and a short-time player of golf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst only a beginner, I am actually fairly good at getting out of greenside bunkers.  I open the club face, I aim an inch behind the ball and follow right through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I can't seem to get any distance out of fairway bunkers.  Currently, I'm adopting the same approach as when I play the greenside bunkers but with a longer iron.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that I don't get any distance.  I either &quot;top&quot; it and I come out hard and low or I get under it but all the power is lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should I be doing out of the sand here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-06-21T15:59:10.940" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T15:35:54.777" Title="How do I get distance out of a fairway bunker?" Tags="|golf|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1002" CreationDate="2012-06-21T16:20:44.367" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, I can't seem to get any distance out of fairway bunkers.&#xA;  Currently, I'm adopting the same approach as when I play the greenside&#xA;  bunkers but with a longer iron.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh no.....I'm cringing ;) You open your stance, the clubface of your long iron, and strike the sand an inch behind the ball to get out of &lt;strong&gt;fairway&lt;/strong&gt; bunkers? The reason this is done in greenside bunkers is to get the ball out of the bunker &lt;strong&gt;while&lt;/strong&gt; landing it softly enough to hold the green, let alone stopping the ball as close as you can to the hole (and if you can spin the ball, that's a huge plus!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The problem is that I don't get any distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing a shot from a greenside bunker is not a distance shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to play a shot out of a fairway bunker:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Take one or two extra clubs.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Place the ball a little farther back in stance than normal.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Dig in a little (sand is slippery if you don't get to the bottom    of it!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Swing while keeping your lower body as still as possible.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above is a list I got from the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golflink.com/golf-tips/tips/sullivan003.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;. Throughout my normal swing, my left leg flexes. During my bunker shot, my left leg is (athletically - slightly bent) stiff until I make contact. I will admit, it takes an enormous amout of leg strength to keep your lower body as still as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, another thing that isn't listed above is to &lt;strong&gt;strike the ball first&lt;/strong&gt;. Keep in mind how high the lip is before you choose your club. If the lip is high, I would take a higher club to move the ball forward and out of the bunker. &lt;em&gt;Aside: Striking the ball first is also crucial for shots off pine straw.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; (based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/528/keiths&quot;&gt;KeithS's&lt;/a&gt; comment) If the ball is buried, just get the ball out of the bunker and give yourself a better look for your next shot. It is not practical to strike the ball first in a buried lie or fried egg. If more than the bottom quarter of the equator of the ball is buried, I would just pitch out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T15:35:54.777" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1002" CreationDate="2012-06-22T01:44:15.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more thing I might add to edmastermind29's great answer is choke up on your club slightly to account for when you dig into the sand (the ball will be higher in relation to your feet). This will help to prevent you from catching too much sand and either leaving it in the bunker, or ending up short of where you're trying to hit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note it's one of the harder shots in golf so don't feel obligated to go for the green (edmastermind29 alluded to this already). Course management, knowing when to take risks and when to play it safe, can save you a ton of strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="571" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T01:44:15.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1009" CreationDate="2012-06-22T16:49:42.047" Score="7" ViewCount="909" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Phelps&lt;/a&gt; won his &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/swimming/news/story?id=3537831&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7th gold medal&lt;/a&gt; of that Olympics by defeating &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milorad_%C4%8Cavi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Milorad Čavić&lt;/a&gt; by 0.01 seconds. However, there was &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/swimming/news/story?id=3550164&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;controversy&lt;/a&gt; that Čavić finished first, but did not apply enough pressure to trigger the sensor before Phelps slammed it with his finish. The finish is unintelligible with the naked eye, even with super slow-motion video analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before modern technology, how did timekeeping officials keep time? How did they determine who finished first when it was a very close finish?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T11:38:57.280" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T11:38:57.280" Title="Timekeeping before modern technology" Tags="|rules|olympics|technology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="992" CreationDate="2012-06-22T17:26:56.200" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;To play golf, the first thing you need is a set of clubs. I will echo iandotkelly; used clubs are the beginner's best friend. People get rid of clubs all the time, either because they bought new ones or because they've had enough and are giving up the game. Look for local garage sales, check bulletin boards at local public courses, take a look at the 'List or the 'Bay, and check the &quot;pre-owned&quot; racks at local golf stores (Golfsmith deals heavily in used clubs from trade-ins at local stores). Judging by what I've seen, you should be able to put together a good set of clubs with bag for about $300 if you buy used clubs from a retailer. If you luck out at a garage sale or Craigslist listing, you could walk away with a full set of nice clubs for $25-$50 if the guy just wants to be rid of them. Contrasting that, buying a full set in a bag from a reputable brand like Adams or Macgregor will &lt;em&gt;start&lt;/em&gt; at $500, and buying new components separately (driver, woods, iron set, wedges and putter) can easily run you over a grand. Don't do that until you know what you want in a set of clubs to fit your game (and are rich/interested enough to justify it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When assembling your clubs, the minimum you will want is a driver, 3-wood, a numbered iron set (typically from 3 or 4 through pitching wedge), a sand wedge and a putter. That's 11 to 12 clubs and will allow you to play from pretty much any lie. Once you identify the types of clubs you use best, or situations in which you don't have a good club for the job, you can add two or three clubs and look at replacing clubs in order to play to your strengths or fill in the gaps. Common additions are a 5-wood, for fairway shots where you'd normally use a hard-to-hit long iron; hybrids to replace long irons; and additional wedges to dial in the right distance in your short game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things to look for in your first set of clubs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cavity-back irons&lt;/strong&gt;. These irons will remove material from the middle of the clubhead, and instead place most of it low and rearward, and the rest around the perimeter of the clubhead. This design is favored by the casual player because it is more forgiving of slight mis-hits (it can be said to have a larger &quot;sweet spot&quot;). Ten to fifteen years ago, these designs were brand new and the used market was full of the older, less forgiving &quot;muscle-back&quot; designs as golfers traded up. Now, these cavity designs are plentiful in the secondhand market, and honestly, this was the last real quantum leap in clubhead design, so you won't lose much technology-wise going used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regular flex on graphite shafts&lt;/strong&gt;. The used market is littered with clubs bought by people who thought the club made the golfer, and so went for stiff-shaft, 9.5*-loft drivers because that's the club their favorite tour pro uses, then got rid of it because they could only hit 200-yard worm-burners. The majority of golfers will get the best performance out of a 10.5*, regular-flex driver configuration, and regular flexes on any other graphite shafts in their club set (virtually all woods have graphite shafts; they're also common on hybrids. Graphite vs steel on the long irons is a personal preference, but virtually all short irons and wedges are steel-shafted for consistency). These configurations, because they do work well for the average golfer, are rarer than the outliers on used racks, but you can usually find a few good candidates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A &lt;em&gt;slight&lt;/em&gt; draw bias on the driver&lt;/strong&gt;. Again, a lot of players want the best and so they buy a driver labelled &quot;tour&quot; because they think they're getting the best quality. What they don't realize is that a Tour driver has either no bias, or a slight fade bias to correct for clubhead torquing with their stronger swing. In the hands of a casual golfer, a driver like this will probably push-slice uncontrollably. Most golfers, again, benefit from using a &quot;game improvement&quot; driver (typically marketed as just a regular driver), which has a slight 1-2* bias toward closing the face of the club, to compensate for the natural tendency to open the clubface when you just &quot;grip it and rip it&quot;. However, avoid &quot;max game improvement&quot; or &quot;draw&quot; drivers; these have an extreme draw bias, up to 5* towards closed, and are intended for people who just can't stop slicing their driver and are unable or unwilling to change their swing. Learn how to swing a &quot;regular&quot; driver straight, and you'll minimize bad habits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A good putter&lt;/strong&gt;. If there's one club that you should buy new for your first set, it's your putter. The pros drive for show, but putt for dough; putting is a high-precision, high-finesse aspect of golf, and it's where you make or break pars and birdies. So, you'll want a putter that feels good in your hands, that you can swing with the proper tempo and in line. Good, late-model used putters don't tend to hit the racks as often as other clubs (players will take their time looking for the right putter, and will stick with it for a very long time), and when they do they're snapped up quickly, but keep an eye out. There are dozens of designs of putter, all varying subtly in weight distribution, hosel/shaft positioning, visual cues, etc which can make one putter better than another &lt;em&gt;for you&lt;/em&gt;. Learning to putt well is frustrating as it is; the last thing you want to do is have to compensate for a putter that feels &quot;wrong&quot;, or is out of alignment. Any inaccuracy in putting should be all you, so you know what to fix.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will likely also want a glove for your &quot;leading hand&quot;; whichever hand is closer to the butt end of the grip (for a right-hander this will be your left hand). This glove will allow you to get a better grip on the club and will avoid blisters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, you'll want comfortable clothing that doesn't restrict movement. Golf attire is traditionally unfashionable, and even modern stuff can sometimes be a little out there, but there's good stuff too; while you can buy specialized clothing, all you really need is a polo shirt and a pair of casual-wear khaki shorts or slacks (not dress slacks) that fit you well and allow free range of motion. A lot of brands are touting &quot;moisture-wicking synthetics&quot; for athletic wear that breathe well and keep you dry, but I know plenty of players that swear by a good ol' 100% cotton polo. Your choice; down here in Texas, hot is hot, and color is more important than fabric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you have the equipment, you'll probably want a lesson. Check your local driving ranges for a &quot;group lesson&quot;, or if you have some money to spend, get a private lesson. If you have absolutely zero money, or just want to try learning yourself, there are many online resources from Youtube vids to blog posts about everything having to do with the golf swing. As much as the pros say it's an easy, natural movement, the golf swing is a very complex motion, and as golf is a precision sport, small changes can have big impacts. Having a coach look at your own individual swing and correct the things you're doing wrong will help you, but you may just want to go out and hit a bucket before calling in the coach, so you can get a feel for your new clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before you hit the links, you should be able to hit every club in your bag straight enough that people on the path won't be cowering behind their carts, and consistently enough that you can predict where it will fly and compensate for any inherent push, pull, draw or fade in the flight path of your ball. You should also be making good contact with the ball with every swing (no whiffs, tops, thin or fat shots). This will allow you to put the ball where you want it on the course and avoid the 20-yard walk of shame from the tee box after topping your drive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And don't forget your putter; remember that par is based on 2 putts, for good reason, and so for a typical par-72 course, fully half of those strokes will be putts if you know what you're doing. Lots of driving ranges and courses have chipping and putting greens, but you may have to pay more to use them. A game or three of miniature golf can help with getting a good putting line, but it can also hurt; miniature golf uses artificial turf and artificial terrain slopes, which generally make for &quot;fast&quot; putts and relatively easy-to-read shots; a real putting green will have less even grass, a &quot;grain&quot; inherent in the way the grass grows, and a slope (and natural variations thereof) to its surface which will make putts break, and a good short-game player must learn to read these elements and adjust their putting line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watch the pros play, you'll notice their secret; putt with exactly the strength needed to get &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; the hole, so that if you don't put it &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; the hole it's right there for the tap-in instead of a &quot;knee-knocker&quot; (close enough that you're expected to hole it, but far enough to miss). Practice doing this; putt towards the hole from varying distances, and work on getting the ball within a foot of the cup (if it goes in from 10 feet, great; if it doesn't you have an easy second putt). There are many techniques for getting the proper putting power; the two most common are a pendulum swing (vary the backswing by the amount of power you need, and then simply relax and let the putter fall through the arc) and a &quot;power putt&quot; (take a short backswing, then add the proper power from your trailing hand into and through the ball). These both take a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will also want the following for a round of 18 holes of real golf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Realistic expectations&lt;/strong&gt; - Even if you hit relatively consistently and accurately at the range, you should not expect to par every hole, or even to bogey every hole. My very first round was a 116, and we weren't counting most of the penalty strokes I should have gotten. First-timer strict-rules scores of over 200 are not unheard of (though most casual players will stop counting by strict rules after the third quintuple-bogey in a row). On a real course, the ground is uneven, the grass is of varying length, the ground is harder and softer, your surroundings and visual cues will change with every shot, you'll have to accurately judge distances without the aid of those flags and signs out on the range (depending on the course you may not even be able to see the pin from your approach shot), and there's water, sand, leaves, stones, trees, bushes, high grass, and all manner of other things that will make pretty much every shot (including tee shots) less than ideal. You WILL score terribly your first time out no matter how you're counting. If you don't like the score, don't turn in the card.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A sense of humor&lt;/strong&gt; - As Leslie Nielsen said, the reason they call it &quot;golf&quot; is because all the other four-letter words were taken. This goes right along with the previous point; you WILL whiff a tee shot or two, you WILL watch a tee or fairway wood shot soar off to the right into somebody's backyard, you WILL pop the ball straight up in a sand trap and watch it plop right back down, and in general you WILL make shots you'd rather forget. Better to laugh them off with the rest of your group than to get frustrated and make more bad shots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A knowledge of the rules of golf&lt;/strong&gt; - Not just the rules, but the traditional etiquette. These rules are available in PDF format for free at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.com&quot;&gt;http://www.usga.com&lt;/a&gt;, or you should be able to buy the paperback version from any golf retailer with a book section, or bookstore with a sports section. The rulebook will include a summary digest towards the front, which you should read every word of; it contains the rules and situations that the average player will need to know, in a format that's easier to read than the strict rules later on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knowledge of any additional local rules and dress code at the course you will play&lt;/strong&gt; - In addition to the &quot;strict rules&quot;, many courses have their own additional &quot;local rules&quot;, covering specific things that differ from course to course and day to day. These rules are usually put in place to help preserve the course from damage, avoid injuries, speed up play, or address things that are relatively unique to this course, such as how various boundaries are marked. In addition, country clubs and even many public courses enforce a minimum dress code, and depending on how specific it is the clothes you bought for the range may not meet it. Better to know up front that all players must wear a white collared short-sleeve shirt and khaki shorts, than to show up in a t-shirt and jeans on the day and miss your tee time because you had to go back home and change (or buy radically marked-up clothing from the pro shop).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A friend or three to play with&lt;/strong&gt; - While playing solo speeds up the pace (when you know what you're doing) and avoids the embarassment of a witness to your bad shots, IMO golf is best played with others of similar skill, maybe with one &quot;ringer&quot;; you'll give as good as you get on the embarassment front, you'll have witnesses to your better shots, and your playing partners will keep you honest (and help you find that sliced tee shot, or the one that bounced off that tree...).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Plenty of golf balls&lt;/strong&gt; - Like I said, you're not going to par every hole, and so you are most likely not going to find every ball after you hit it. I've used over 25 balls to play one round of golf (do the math; that's losing about 1.5 balls per hole played). For that reason, there's not much sense for me to buy new. There are &quot;recycled&quot; balls available under a couple of brand names, MUCH cheaper than new top-quality balls. The most expensive recycled ball sold by Reload, a top-graded Titleist Pro V1, is $18 for a dozen; the same dozen balls brand new would cost you $50. For about the same $20 price, you can get a bag of 48 &quot;shags&quot; (more weathered, more blemishes, lesser-name brands and lower technology levels) which are perfect for casual play as well as backyard chipping. Losing a ball that cost you 50 cents is much better than losing one that cost you $5, especially when you're losing a lot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tees&lt;/strong&gt; - Pick up a bag of the ordinary wooden deep (3 1/4&quot;) tees to use with your driver. For irons and fairway woods, you typically want these set up just a hair above the turf level anyway (as that's how you normally hit them on the rest of the course), and for that there's a little trick; find or save the top of a broken tee and use that instead of buying a bag of shorter tees. Don't worry too much about buying more expensive tees for now (not all of the more expensive designs are gimmicks, but you'll need to know through experience how a tee might help you), and don't worry about losing or breaking these wooden ones; you'll pay $5 for 100, and that'll last you many rounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen&lt;/strong&gt; - You will be outside in the sun for up to four hours, after all, and unless you start very late you'll be out during the middle of the day when the sun is hottest and the air is thinnest. A ballcap is usually acceptable (check the dress code; a different style of hat may be required), and if you burn easily, slather yourself with SPF45 sunscreen and keep it handy. Sunglasses reduce glare (remember you'll have water hazards on most courses that will reflect the sunlight) and are generally a good idea overall to protect your eyes; my grandfather-in-law was an avid golfer and now suffers from macular degeneration caused by long-term overexposure to light.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bug repellent&lt;/strong&gt; - Thanks to gbianchi for the reminder. On top of your sunscreen, a shot of Deep Woods Off helps keep the little biters away. Not only are they an annoyance while you're concentrating on that putt for birdie, but they carry a host of diseases from West Nile to Lyme disease to malaria (depending on the region) that you really don't want to get. You'll also likely be traipsing through tall grass looking for an errant shot, and the bug repellent will also keep ticks and chiggers off of you.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Golf shoes&lt;/strong&gt; - While tennis shoes are OK for the level, artificial turf of the driving range, golf cleats are designed to allow you to pivot on your feet but prevent sliding sideways; this will become invaluable the first time you hit the ball into a sand trap or into marshy ground. While stereotypically tacky, like the clothing, modern golf shoes are available in many styles including those similar to tennis shoes or cross-trainers. Courses may require shoes designed for golf (banning tennis shoes, loafers, athletic cleats etc) and/or may specify the type of cleat spikes that are allowed (typically metal spikes are banned, whether they're on proper golf shoes or some other athletic shoe like baseball cleats).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A divot tool&lt;/strong&gt; - When you hit onto the green, the ball will often make a dent on the putting surface. It's good etiquette to fix these so other golfers have a nice level putting surface to play on. A divot tool is a two-tined fork, and you stick it into the ground around the divot and push inward to lift the divot, then smooth it back out with something flat (strict rules say you can't touch the green with your hands; you typically use the bottom of your putter).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball markers&lt;/strong&gt; - These are used to mark your ball's position whenever you have to pick it up (commonly on the green). Many players will just use a penny or dime; others will have more personalized markers that are available from golf stores. Many other items sold for use on the course often have ball markers integrated; divot tools, carrying cases for tees, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A stroke counter&lt;/strong&gt; - Optional, but handy if you're expected to keep an accurate score (remember, by strict rules recording a lower score than you actually shot will disqualify you). The simplest are just thumbwheels, clickers or strings of beads, and they're very inexpensive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A towel and/or stiff brush&lt;/strong&gt; - to clean hands, clubs, balls, etc. All of these will get wet, muddy, sandy etc through a round. Remember there are certain situations where you can, and cannot, clean your ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T15:28:05.840" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T15:28:05.840" CommentCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-06-27T14:59:16.343" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1005" CreationDate="2012-06-22T22:23:08.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was handled the same way small local swim meets are handled these days: stopwatches. Okay, they may not always have been digital, but having two or three timekeepers per lane allows you to tinge each competitor and remove some of the human error. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it was a really close finish they would have to make a call - who looked like they hit first? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T22:23:08.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="546" CreationDate="2012-06-22T22:41:00.200" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number one cause of slicing, irrespective of the exact aspect of the swing that is lacking, is a &quot;grip it and rip it&quot; mentality to your swing. This generally causes a number of timing and posture issues that open the clubface, bring the swing out of line, etc etc. So, the number one thing to do is slow it down. You can send the ball MUCH farther than you think with a very easy swing, and an extreme windup (the kind where you end up able to see the clubhead out in front of you in your peripheral vision) will cause more problems with accuracy than it solves with distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a technical standpoint, slices happen when the club induces a clockwise (for a rightie) sidespin on the ball. This induces a force called Magnus lift, where the leading edge of the rotation on the left side of the ball brings the turbulent air from the back of the ball around to the front along that side as part of the ball's &quot;boundary layer&quot;, and so causes the boundary layer on that side to be thicker. That thicker, relatively higher-pressure boundary layer pushes the ball in the opposite direction (to the right).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sidespin is induced whenever the clubhead moves in a direction other than the direction the clubhead faces. The direction of the face determines the line the ball will launch along; the difference between that line and the line of movement of the clubhead determines sidespin. For a slice, the clubhead is moving to the left of the direction it faces. Most commonly, this is because the clubhead faces right of the intended line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how to diagnose and fix the most common slices, for a right-hand golfer. At the driving range bay, determine the desired line of travel, and draw a line or place a club along that line. Put your toes right up to that line (a &quot;square stance&quot;), address the ball as you normally do, take your normal swing (ensuring you make solid contact), and find the symptom that best describes the ball's flight:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Push Slice:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Symptom&lt;/strong&gt; - the shot launches on a line off to the right of the intended line, then curves even further right. The ball may also launch high.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method of Diagnosis&lt;/strong&gt; - Rotate the club counterclockwise by a few degrees at address to &quot;close&quot; it, until the launch angle or the flight path is straight. &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shot goes down the intended line, the problem is an open clubface with a straight swing. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shot starts straight but still curves right (a &quot;fade&quot;), the problem is an outside-in swing path inducing spin, coupled with an open clubface. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shot starts right and flies straight (a &quot;push&quot;), the problem is an inside-out swing path coupled with a very open clubface. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If at any point you feel the club twist in your hands, you're hitting the ball with the toe of the club. You can confirm this on your driver by cleaning the clubface to remove any marks and dirt, making a few solid hits, and looking for the circular dimple markings left by the ball at impact. Or, use a strip or two of clubfitting tape (normally used to determine proper lie angle; it'll give you a nice big blue or black mark where the ball contacts the face)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Push:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Symptom&lt;/strong&gt; - The shot launches right, but flies straight.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method of Diagnosis&lt;/strong&gt; - Close the clubface until the ball launches straight.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball starts straight and curves left (a &quot;draw&quot; or &quot;straight hook&quot;), the problem is an inside-out swing coupled with a slightly open clubface that squares the face to the swing path.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On an iron, an extreme push, especially if it's inconsistent or won't straighten out by closing the face, indicates a slightly &quot;shanked&quot; shot (the ball glanced off the hosel before hitting the clubface).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fade/Straight Slice:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Symptom&lt;/strong&gt; - The shot launches straight or slightly left, then curves right in the air and may climb.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method of Diagnosis&lt;/strong&gt; - This is almost always an outside-in swing path with a square clubface. To confirm, close the clubface by rotating the shaft counter-clockwise at address. If the shot launches left and flies straight (a &quot;pull&quot;) or still drifts right (a &quot;pull slice&quot;) this is the problem.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pull Slice:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Symptom&lt;/strong&gt; - The shot launches left and possibly low, but then climbs and curves right.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method of diagnosis&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Open&lt;/em&gt; the clubface; if you get a straight slice, the problem is an outside-in swing (which would normally cause a straight slice), coupled with either a slightly closed face to compensate (somewhere between square to the intended line and square to the swing path) or a hit off the heel of the driver. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solutions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All around, you're probably &quot;overswinging&quot; the club.&lt;/strong&gt; This causes breakdowns in key areas of posture and mechanics, and can cause the clubhead to torque causing changes in face angle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slow down the backswing, and don't take as big a backswing as you normally do.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't &quot;break&quot; your wrists on the backswing; that will typically cause you to have your hands too far forward at impact which will open the clubface (and also makes the shots much less consistent, as you have less control over the clubhead on the downswing). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You might choke down on the grip an inch, maybe two, and concentrate in swinging through a level plane to hit the ball over swinging the club as hard as you can. You can play a 200-yard drive that lands right down the middle of the fairway; a drive that might have gone 300 yards, but instead took that huge right turn out of bounds, is a stroke-and-distance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To solve mishits:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're hitting off the toe, get an inch closer to the ball as you take your stance. If you're shanking, get an inch &lt;em&gt;farther&lt;/em&gt; from the ball as you take your stance. See the below section on making sure you address the ball properly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Visualize swinging &quot;out&quot; at the ball a little more than &quot;down&quot; at it (but be careful not to &quot;top&quot; or &quot;whiff&quot; the ball by swinging over it). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may benefit from a longer shaft, or to have the lie angle of your club adjusted (if possible).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To solve an open clubface at impact:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ensure the ball is in line with the instep of your left foot. If the shot launches high, try moving the ball a bit forward; if the shot launches low, bring it back a bit. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Try switching from a grip style with more solid right-hand placement to one that overlaps more. If you use a baseball grip, try an interlocking; if you use an interlocking try a Vardon Overlap. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Be mindful of your right shoulder; it's tempting to &quot;drop&quot; that shoulder to make the motion more like swinging downward (which uses more core and adds power) but that will cause your hands to twist. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Be mindful of where your hands are at impact; the further forward they are, the more open the clubface will be. Try releasing your wrists earlier in the downswing or more suddenly as you start to bottom out, to induce more of a &quot;whip&quot; through the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To solve swing path problems:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, make sure you address the ball properly: &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball should be placed inline with the inside of the arch of the left foot for the driver, an inch or two back for fairway woods, and around your center line for most irons. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stand with your feet parallel or slightly splayed, a little more than shoulder width apart (it should be comfortable to stand this way and should not restrict twisting at the hips or waist). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bend at the hips until you're looking at your toes and your weight is evenly distributed along your feet between toe and heel. Bend your knees slightly; don't squat, don't lock them. Let your hands hang naturally. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ground the club in front of you, with the shaft along your centerline, the face square downrange, and your hands still hanging naturally; the shaft should be pointing at your belt buckle. This will be the lowest point of the swing arc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball should be just a smidge inside the centerline of the club and should be teed up to place the top one-third to one-half of the ball above the level of the striking face of the grounded club. Both of these adjustments are to compensate for the ball being forward of the bottom of the swing arc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then, make sure you're swinging the club though one plane of motion:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An inside-out swing with proper ball address is caused by swinging down, then out. You're trying to hit the club too much like an iron, and then having to correct mid-swing to fit the longer shaft in between you and the ball. Fix it by lowering your backswing a touch and visualize starting your swing more &quot;out&quot; at the ball. Practice at the range to straighten the arc and dial in the impact zone again; with the lower backswing and your normal swing arc, you'll have a tendency to &quot;thin&quot; or &quot;skull&quot; the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An outside-in swing is caused by swinging out, then down. You're trying to differentiate the driver from an iron too much, going for a &quot;power swing&quot; baseball style, and are dropping the arc mid-swing to make contact. Fix it by raising the backswing a touch to bring the downswing into the same plane, reducing your need to bring your hands in to make contact. Again, practice at the range to avoid &quot;turfing&quot; the shot with the higher backswing and your normal arc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a short-term solution to most of this, rotate the club counterclockwise to close the face until the shot flies straight, and then correct your aim left or right to compensate for the swing path. While this will produce a straight flight, the misalignment can still cause distance problems, inconsistencies, etc and so you should spend some time at the range adjusting your mechanics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T16:38:18.157" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T16:38:18.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1005" CreationDate="2012-06-23T16:27:15.960" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE&lt;/strong&gt;: As discovered in the 1896 Olympic games, keeping time by hand introduced a higher margin of (human) error, as one may expect. This introduced a challenge for the IOC. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://clients.digipage.co.uk/?userpath=00000001/00004064/00074702/&amp;amp;page=20&quot;&gt;SOURCE&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1920, 1924, and 1928 Olympic games, the Swiss-based company Heuer (known today as TAG Heuer) was the official timekeeper. Times had been measured to the nearest 1/5th of a second and official times were only provided for winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.omegawatches.com/spirit/sports/olympic-timekeeping/los-angeles-1932&quot;&gt;Omega&lt;/a&gt; has been the official timekeeper of the Olympics since the 1932 Summer Olympic games. OMEGA's calibre 1130 stopwatches were used, were accurate to the nearest 1/10th of a second, and had the ability to measure split-times. They were the first company to provide &quot;observatory precision-rating certificates&quot; for timekeeping in all events.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also according to Omega's excerpt, many of the judges‘ decisions were shrouded in controversy at the '32 Olympic Games. The same time was recorded for the winner and runner-up in five different races. &lt;strong&gt;Most notably, the 100 meters between Thomas Edward “Eddie“ Tolan and Ralph Metcalfe&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The timekeepers‘ hand-held stopwatches had recorded three times of&#xA;  10.3 seconds for Metcalfe and two times of 10.3 and one of 10.4 seconds for Tolan. Even so, Tolan was declared the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Tolan's victory was confirmed by video, and introduced a rule we're all familiar with, in bold below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gustavus T. Kirby, Chairman of the Jury and inventor of the&#xA;  “Chronocinema“, a camera which filmed the end of races and was used to&#xA;  record times to the nearest 1/100th of a second, stated categorically&#xA;  after examining the film: “The seven judges and myself have viewed the&#xA;  film of the finish several times. We can state that Tolan won by&#xA;  exactly five hundredths of a second. Both competitors reached the&#xA;  finishing tape at exactly the same moment, but the rules specify that&#xA;  the race is finished only when the athlete‘s torso has completely&#xA;  crossed the finishing line marked on the ground. Tolan crossed before&#xA;  Metcalfe.“ This rule, which was often interpreted in different ways,&#xA;  was changed in 1933. Since then, &lt;strong&gt;the winner has been the first person&#xA;  to cross the line with any part of his or her torso&lt;/strong&gt;. Kirby‘s camera&#xA;  was used on an experimental basis and was only consulted in&#xA;  exceptional cases because it took too long to develop the films.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary:&lt;/strong&gt; Stopwatches had a margin of error, but triangulation (comparing three stopwatches for one competitor) and the &quot;experimental&quot; use of video confirmed a competitor's victory/defeat. &lt;em&gt;However, even with today's technology, Phelps's victory over Čavić was too close to call.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T16:27:15.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1010" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1011" CreationDate="2012-06-23T22:34:42.177" Score="23" ViewCount="2844" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that modern football is suffering from the kind of unsportsmanly behavior of diving which became all the more common, perhaps with the recent success of southern European teams/nations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those who might not be familiar with the concept, diving is the act of fooling the referee into a wrong call, either by pretending as if the tackle is much harder than it really was (in which case the opponent might be punished with a card) or to get a free kick/penalty kick where there is no apparent foul. Not only does it result in unfair calls, but also in many cases it slows the game down due to all the unnecessary free kick calls. In many cases it is normal to see players rolling on the grass seemingly screaming in agony for a second, and up on their feet arguing with an opponent in the next...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With more and more efforts going into campaigns against factors that spoil the game (such as racism) I would like to know if any steps are taken against this type of behavior aimed to interfere with the objective call of the referee? As far as I know, the referee can punish a player with a yellow card if the player is attempting to cheat the referee into giving a penalty but more often than not unnecessary cards and fouls are given as seen by instant replays from different angles. Are there any active measures to decrease this type of behavior or the pitch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-26T17:02:12.437" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T19:03:42.627" Title="What actions are taken by FIFA/UEFA against what's known as filming or diving" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1010" CreationDate="2012-06-24T07:42:30.117" Score="21" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees and FIFA are now trying to prevent diving with more frequent&#xA;  punishments as part of their ongoing target to stop all kinds of&#xA;  simulation in football. The game's rules now state that: &quot;Any&#xA;  simulating action anywhere on the field, which is intended to deceive&#xA;  the referee, must be sanctioned as unsporting behaviour&quot; which is&#xA;  misconduct punishable by a yellow card. The rule changes are in&#xA;  response to an increasing trend of diving and simulation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FIFA , in order to improve detection, Increased the number of&#xA;  officials on the field – near the goals, where most dives occur – what&#xA;  make it easier to detect diving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Second, in order to increase the costs associated with diving.&#xA;  Progressive football leagues like the Australian A-League and the&#xA;  American MLS are using post-match video analysis to assign&#xA;  retrospective punishment to cheating players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In these countries, there’s strong competition from more physical&#xA;  footballing codes (such as rugby, or American football) for the&#xA;  sporting public’s attention, and there’s little patience for&#xA;  play-acting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MLS in the United States, for the 2011 season, began implementing&#xA;  fines and suspensions for simulation in football through its&#xA;  Disciplinary Committee, which has the right to review plays after the&#xA;  match.   On June 24, 2011, MLS penalized D.C. United forward Charlie&#xA;  Davies with a US$1,000 fine as the Disciplinary Committee ruled he:&#xA;  &quot;intentionally deceived the officials and gained an unfair advantage&#xA;  which directly impacted the match&quot; in a simulation that occurred in&#xA;  the 83rd minute of the match against Real Salt Lake on June 18, 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On July 29, 2011, the Disciplinary Committee suspended Real Salt Lake&#xA;  forward Álvaro Saborío one game and fined him US$1,000 for a&#xA;  simulation in a game against the San Jose Earthquakes on July 23,&#xA;  2011. Officials noted the simulation resulted in Earthquakes defender Bobby Burling being sent off on the simulation, and the warning from&#xA;  MLS that fines and suspensions will increase for simulation being&#xA;  detected by the Disciplinary Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another unique scenario was with Juventus winger Milos Krasic who has been banned for two games by the Italian football league for diving.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Krasic won a controversial penalty in goalless draw at Bologna after falling inside the area.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Video replays, however, showed Bologna defender Daniele Portanova did not touch the player.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A statement from the league read: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The TV replay showed that there was no contact between the two&#xA;  players and that the player's dive was the cause for the referee to&#xA;  make a mistake.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But until these methods are adopted universally, you’ll just have to keep shouting at the television.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_%28football%29&quot;&gt;Wikipedia on Diving&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theconversation.edu.au/foul-play-why-soccer-players-dive-and-how-fifa-could-stop-them-3800&quot;&gt;Why footballers dive; how it could be stopped.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1324210.html&quot;&gt;Milos Krasic incident related to diving.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T19:03:42.627" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T19:03:42.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1012" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:49:44.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rugby football developed from a version of football played at Rugby School and was originally one of several versions of football played at English public schools during the 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game of football that was played at Rugby School between 1750 and 1859 permitted handling of the ball, but players were not allowed to run with it in their hands towards the opposition's goal.  With no limit to the number of players per side, hundreds would participate in an enormous rolling maul, sometimes resulting in major injuries. The innovation of running with the ball was introduced between 1859 and 1865. The popular myth of the sport's origin states that Rugby pupil William Webb Ellis broke the local rules by running forward with the ball in his hands in 1823. Rugby School produced the first written rules for their version of the sport in 1845. In the result that the teams were still tied at the end of the match, a drop goal shootout was held. The selected kickers of the two teams would have one shot at the goal each and would take turns shooting at the goal until one of the kickers missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T15:03:21.620" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:03:21.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1013" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:49:44.577" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of rugby which span both union and league. Please use the code-specific tag if the question applies to only one code." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T18:40:28.497" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T18:40:28.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1014" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:53:14.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A triathlon is a multi-sport event involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance events.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running in immediate succession over various distances.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed &quot;transitions&quot; between the individual swim, bike, and run components.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The word &quot;triathlon&quot; is of Greek origin from τρεις or trei (three) and αθλος or athlos (contest).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Triathlon races vary in distance. According to the International Triathlon Union, and USA Triathlon, the main international race distances are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sprint distance (750 metres (0.47 mi) swim, 20 kilometres (12 mi) bike, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) run), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Intermediate (or Standard) distance, commonly referred to as &quot;Olympic distance&quot; (1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) swim, 40 kilometres (25 mi) ride, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) run), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Long Course (1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) swim, 90 kilometres (56 mi) ride, 21.1 kilometres (13.1 mi) run, such as the Half Ironman), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ultra Distance (3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) swim, 180 kilometres (110 mi) ride, and a marathon: 42.2 kilometres (26.2 mi) run); &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the most recognized branded Ultra Distance is the Ironman triathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T16:42:31.420" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T16:42:31.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1015" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:53:14.370" Score="0" Body="Questions about triathalons. This tag may also be combined with a tag for the specific triathlon sport in question." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:58:31.410" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:58:31.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1016" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:54:00.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Snowboarding is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is covered with snow while standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, using a special boot set onto a mounted binding. The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing. It was developed in the United States in the 1960s to 1970s and became a Winter Olympic Sport in 1998.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T15:07:17.480" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:07:17.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1017" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:54:00.313" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of snowboarding." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T15:07:17.480" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:07:17.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1018" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:55:57.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bicycle is a two-wheeled, human pedal-powered vehicle, commonly used for everyday transportation especially in urban areas. As a sport, bicycles are commonly raced on and off-road, with several forms of stunt cycling recently becoming popular as &quot;extreme sports&quot; featured in the Summer X Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Road bicycling&lt;/strong&gt; is contested on paved outdoor courses many miles long, divided into sprint and endurance races, and racers typically use a lightweight medium- to large-frame bicycle with large-diameter, narrow-rimmed wheels with grooved or slick tires, narrow handlebars with a downward curve allowing a more tucked rider position, and multiple gears for varying slopes and speeds. The most famous endurance race is the multi-stage Tour de France, in which competing teams of cyclists, each with a star &quot;anchor&quot; cyclist and several &quot;support&quot; riders, race in various courses called &quot;stages&quot; located around France, from Paris to the Pyrenees Mountains, including both sprints (time trials) and longer endurance races (some of them up to 200 miles in a single stage)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Velodrome bicycling&lt;/strong&gt; is a form of sprint cycling done indoors on a special banked oval track called the velodrome. The bicycle used is specialized, mostly similar to a road cycle, but with no brakes and only one gear, and optimized for aerodynamics over extreme light weight, with teardrop tube shaping and aerodynamic &quot;shells&quot; over the spokes of the wheels. An event can be between 1km and 30km depending on the exact race, and can be either an individual event with contestants racing in pairs or as heats of up to 9 racers, or a team event with two or more teams of three, four or five cyclists each taking turns &quot;drafting&quot; behind each other, usually in much longer events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BMX&lt;/strong&gt; or &quot;bicycle motocross&quot; is performed on a bare dirt track similar to its parent sport of motocross, which uses a motorcycle. The course is typically artificially constructed with hills, bumps, ramps and banked curves, and is often enclosed in a stadium for spectator events. The bicycle used has a sturdy small to medium frame, strong wheels with knobby off-road tires, and usually a single gear. Racers compete in heats of up to a dozen cyclists at once, and the events are usually simple distance races; the first to complete one or two laps of the course wins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mountain cycling&lt;/strong&gt; is an off-road form of cycling most commonly undertaken for recreation, but also used for racing. The venue is typically a trail or other path through natural terrain up to and including steep rocky slopes, though sometimes a dirt track similar to BMX is used for sprint races. A common variant is &quot;downhill cycling&quot; in which a course on a long slope is artificially created with ramps, and rises. A mountain bike is typically a medium-framed cycle with sturdy large-diameter tubing, often with shock absorbers in the front or rear, straight handlebars allowing high leverage, wide-rimmed wheels with wide knobby tires, and multiple gears. Larger variants without shock absorbers and/or less pronounced tire tread are known as &quot;trail bikes&quot; and are suitable for general recreational use on paved or gravel roads and trails, but not the more advanced mountain climbing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyclocross&lt;/strong&gt; is a hybrid of road and mountain biking, using a bicycle similar in general appearance to a road bike but smaller and with off-road tires. Racers compete in heats around a relatively short course - 1 to 2 miles - with terrain ranging from paved asphalt to concrete to grass and bare dirt. It is unique among cycling formats in that many situations require the rider to dismount, pick up and carry their bike across an obstacle such as a steep incline or over hurdles, before setting down and re-mounting their bike for the next portion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stunt biking&lt;/strong&gt; is a variant born from BMX racing, in which the focus is on the skill and creativity of the rider in performing tricks, instead of speed and agility around a track. The bicycle typically used depends on the exact event but is usually similar in form and construction to a BMX bike, often with the addition of extensions to the two axles called &quot;pegs&quot; that the rider can stand on, and in smaller or larger frame and wheel sizes depending on rider preference and the exact format. Formats are similar to those used for skateboarding or dirt bike stunts, including the &quot;vert ramp&quot; (half-pipe), &quot;flatland&quot; (no ramps or obstacles), &quot;park&quot; (varying from a &quot;flatland&quot; course with added wooden ramps up to hybrids of a &quot;vert ramp&quot; imitating a dry swimming pool) and &quot;street&quot; (using the &quot;flatland&quot; course with added ramps, rises, stairs, handrails and other &quot;everyday&quot; obstacles), as well as &quot;dirt jump&quot; (similar in theory to ski jumping, a long downhill run-up to a large dirt ramp allows riders to have very long &quot;hang times&quot; for extreme flips and other tricks) and &quot;dirt park&quot; (similar to the &quot;park&quot; format but with a dirt surface instead of concrete and wood). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possible place to ask questions about this topic is &lt;a href=&quot;http://bicycles.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Bicycles Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt;, which has the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/racing&quot;&gt;racing&lt;/a&gt; tag for questions related to competitive bicycle riding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T19:30:15.870" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T19:30:15.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1019" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:55:57.490" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to bicycle sports, including road racing (sprint and long-distance), velodrome, mountain cycling/cyclocross, BMX and stunt bicycling. Also related to combination events such as triathlons. Another place for questions about this topic might be bicycles.SE site, in particular (racing) tag." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T22:28:34.743" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T22:28:34.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1020" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:58:22.010" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag applies to questions concerning both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions should also be tagged for the specific sport, if there is one, to prevent unnecessary duplication when rules or other details coincide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do not use this tag for questions about the International Olympic Committee (IOC) unless they also directly concern the Games themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-03-12T07:25:38.903" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T07:25:38.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1021" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T10:58:22.010" Score="0" Body="For questions about the Olympic Games. This tag can be used for both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Questions should also be tagged with the specific sport if possible. " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-03-12T07:25:38.903" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T07:25:38.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1023" CreationDate="2012-06-24T16:36:31.100" Score="17" ViewCount="3362" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seeing that Del Bosque is insisting on playing without a real striker in the Euro games, I came to wonder whether the 4-6-0 tactic he's trying to implement really ever worked for a team at this level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, one could say that Torres is not on his top form, but Llorente is an amazing striker who constantly gets underestimated, and pretty much ignored in the national team. Interesting enough I believe their gameplay overall would lift having a player who takes deep runs and has some presence in the box. So over all it's clear to me that it's a matter of choice rather than making due with a limited squad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any such examples from the history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-10-30T12:55:56.813" LastActivityDate="2012-10-30T12:55:56.813" Title="Has 4-6-0 ever worked in high level football?" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1022" CreationDate="2012-06-24T17:38:40.590" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think your question should refer to non-striker tactics and that's what I will refer to in my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all Barcelona are playing, like Spain, without a real striker but they have &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/772/why-is-messis-50th-goal-a-record/775#775&quot;&gt;Messi&lt;/a&gt; (Villa who isn't a typical #9 was injured), and as you can see they are very successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to read the following amazing and interesting article: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jun/08/euro2008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jun/08/euro2008&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It talks about Roma and Manchester United as an example of top world class clubs who played without a striker.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then it discuss about the beginning of this non-forward tactic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That in itself is nothing new. The Austrian 'Wunderteam' of the early&#xA;  1930s had great success with Mathias Sindelar, a centre-forward who&#xA;  constantly dropped deep, and Vsevolod Bobrov did similarly for the&#xA;  Dynamo Moscow tourists who so delighted British crowds in 1945. It was&#xA;  then Nandor Hidegkuti's role as a deep-lying centre-forward that so&#xA;  perplexed England when Hungary won 6-3 at Wembley in 1953. 'The&#xA;  tragedy to me,' said England's centre-half Harry Johnston, 'was the&#xA;  utter helplessness... not being able to do anything about it.' If&#xA;  Johnston followed Hidegkuti, he left a hole in the centre of England's&#xA;  rearguard; if he stayed put, Hidegkuti roamed free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the best article I've read about this topic!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T08:27:04.693" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="951" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:03:08.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specifically to the Olympic Club, the first 6 holes of that course are a &lt;em&gt;bear&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 1 is a long par-4 (520 yards; that would normally be par-5 territory except this one's downhill). The fairway moves slightly right, so tour players either have to skim the trees on the right side or hit a slight fade to avoid ending up in the rough on the left side for a long second shot from tall grass (which MANY players ended up doing, and remember that tour players were required to use &amp;quot;conforming&amp;quot; clubs with shallower V-shaped clubface grooves, which makes hitting from the rough harder). The second shot is slightly uphill, which would normally require a long iron to run up onto the green, but the green is protected by bunkers in front so you can't roll up to it; you have to hit a shot that will carry in the air and then stick just before the pin. Many of the tour players rolled off the back of this hole using a fairway wood or hybrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 2 is straight and shorter, but the approach is uphill, the green is small and depending on where the hole was cut you can't see the pin from the best approach to it (for the final round, it was cut in just such a location, on the other side of a steep bunker from the best approach). There's a roll-up approach for those inclined (again depending on hole placement) but if you overshoot there are two backside bunkers waiting to catch the ball (which, again, happened to many of the tour players). If you undershoot, a steeply-sloped frontside bunker will make the up-and-down a real challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 3 is a long par-3 but downhill; you or I would probably use a 3-wood, the tour pros generally hit a hybrid or mid-iron off the tee. The trick is a dead-straight shot and good club selection; otherwise you'll catch one of the 5 (!!!) bunkers surrounding the approach and green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 4 is designed to take your tee shot out of play. It doglegs around a hill to the hole's left, meaning the fairway slopes right. Hit your tee shot low and you'll either catch the trees right in front of you, or it'll roll out into the right-side rough. A slight draw is the best play; it'll curve just a bit left and roll more left (countering the fairway's tendency to roll the ball right). Then, the fairway narrows on the uphill approach shot, with two approach bunkers left and right; this is another one where you may not see the pin on your approach depending on hole placement and your lie. The green slopes severely back to front, so it'll catch a nice straight or slightly-drawn approach shot, but it'll be very easy to overputt or underputt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 5 is almost the mirror image of #4; dolgeg right with fairway sloped to the left. This one plays downhill and so is longer, and the fairway is even narrower. Hit the tee shot long and this hole will punish you by forcing you to hit a 200-yard long iron or lofted wood shot over trees close in to the fairway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hole 6 is more of the same; long (50 yards longer than the last time it hosted the Open), straighter but still heading left. There's a nice fairway bunker on the left to catch an overdrawn drive, and you need a 300-yard carry distance on your driver to clear it. The green is &lt;em&gt;tiny&lt;/em&gt;, is again tightly protected by bunkers, and the longer total yardage will mean players have to hit a longer iron for more rollout. This is an extremely difficult GIR to make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1Rkoa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as comparing the Masters to the Open, there really is none:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Open is, well, open. Any &amp;quot;scratch&amp;quot; golfer (handicap 1.4 or less) can try out for this championship, going through local qualifiers to sectionals and then being selected, best-to-worst, for any spots not claimed by someone with &amp;quot;exempt&amp;quot; status (there are a lot of criteria that can exempt you from qualifying, most of which are designed to keep the well-known tour pros in the game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Masters is invitation-only; no &amp;quot;qualifiers&amp;quot;. The Augusta National Golf Club selects the players it wishes to participate, typically based on criteria such as winning a past Masters, winning a major last year, being a top-ranked player, etc (most of which are also exemption categories for the Open).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The U.S. Open rotates through a variety of courses. Pebble Beach is a recurring fave, as is Olympic, but the USGA has a large number of very challenging courses in the United States to choose from. They typically choose a par-70 course (your average country club or public course is a par-72) and the courses chosen are among the most difficult for &amp;quot;scratch golfers&amp;quot;. The Olympic Club Lakes course, for example, is a par-71, but a course rating of 76 (a player with zero handicap would expect to play 5 over par). Again, your average muni or country club typically rates within a point or two of its course par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Masters is always played at Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia. It is a par-72 course, with an unofficial Course Rating of 76.2 (so a scratch golfer would expect to play 4 over par). While courses change over the years, it's almost never as drastic a change as you would typically see by just going from one course to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T15:53:33.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1027" CreationDate="2012-06-25T18:34:10.493" Score="13" ViewCount="9614" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently during the USA Track and Field Olympic trials, &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/06/u-s-olympic-berth-could-be-decided-by-coin-toss-after-photo-finish/&quot;&gt;there was a tie for third place&lt;/a&gt; between Allyson Felix and Jenebah Tarmoh. It appears that there was previously no tiebreaker rule in place for the Olympic trials, so they were given the option of either competing in a head to head race or having a coin flip to determine the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(And who knows what would happen if they tied &lt;em&gt;again&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the rule for tiebreaks during the actual Olympic races?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-11T16:24:36.130" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T03:33:59.917" Title="What happens if there is a tie during an olympic race?" Tags="|rules|running|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1025" CreationDate="2012-06-25T19:24:35.573" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/&quot;&gt;IAAF&lt;/a&gt; (International Association of Athletics Federations) is the highest governing body in the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_%28sport%29&quot;&gt;athletics&lt;/a&gt; (which includes track and field). They cover the sport at an international level, which includes the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/&quot;&gt;International Olympic Committee&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUMMARY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for ties are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A tie remains if judges are unable to determine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The order in which any part of an athlete's body reaches the finish line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The order in which the athletes finished the race&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as determined by the Chief Photo Finish Judge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;based on other timing mechanisms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A tie among athletes in different heats for a ranking or qualifying position is handled by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Considering the actual times recorded by the athletes who tied to 1/1000th of a second.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a tie has been determined for a ranking position, the tie shall be broken by a draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a tie has been determined for a qualifying position for a subsequent round, the athletes who tied shall be placed in the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If all who tied cannot be placed in the subsequent round, &lt;em&gt;lots&lt;/em&gt; shall be drawn to determine who shall be placed in the next round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;lots&lt;/strong&gt; (n.): The use of objects in making a determination or choice at random.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SOURCE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/05/47/81/20091027115916_httppostedfile_CompRules2010_web_26Oct09_17166.pdf&quot;&gt;2010-2011 competition rules&lt;/a&gt; (see page 140/255), ties are handled based on &lt;strong&gt;RULE 167&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;167.1&lt;/strong&gt;: If the Judges or the Photo Finish Judges are unable to separate the athletes for any place according to Rules &lt;em&gt;164.2&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;165.15&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;165.21&lt;/em&gt; or&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;165.24&lt;/em&gt; (as may be applicable), the tie shall remain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;164.2&lt;/em&gt;: The athletes shall be placed in the order in which any part of their&#xA;    bodies (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs,&#xA;    hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the&#xA;    finish line as defined above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;165.15&lt;/em&gt;: A system which operates automatically at either the start or the finish,&#xA;    but not at both, shall be considered to produce neither Hand nor Fully&#xA;    Automatic Times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official&#xA;    times. In this case, the times read on the image will not, under any&#xA;    circumstances, be considered as official, but the image may be used&#xA;    as a valid support in order to determine placings and adjust time&#xA;    intervals between athletes.&#xA;    Note: If the timing mechanism is not started by the Starter’s gun, the&#xA;    time-scale on the image shall indicate this fact automatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;165.21&lt;/em&gt;: In conjunction with the two Assistants, the Chief Photo Finish Judge&#xA;    shall determine the placing of the athletes and, as a consequence, their&#xA;    official times. He shall ensure that these results are correctly entered&#xA;    in or transferred to the competition results system and conveyed to the&#xA;    Competition Secretary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;165.24&lt;/em&gt;: The use of Transponder Timing Systems approved by IAAF in events&#xA;    held under Rules 230 (races not held completely in the stadium), 240&#xA;    and 250 is permitted provided that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(a) None of the equipment used at the start, along the course or at the&#xA;    finish line constitutes a significant obstacle or barrier to the&#xA;    progress of an athlete.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(b) The weight of the transponder and its housing carried on the&#xA;    athletes’ uniform, bib or shoe is not significant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(c) The System is started by the Starter’s gun or synchronised with&#xA;    the start signal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(d) The System requires no action by an athlete during the&#xA;    competition, at the finish or at any stage in the result processing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(e) The resolution is 1/10th of a second (i.e. it can separate athletes&#xA;    finishing 1/10th of a second apart). For all races, the time shall&#xA;    be read to 1/10th of a second and recorded to the whole second.&#xA;    All read times not ending in zero shall be converted and recorded&#xA;    to the next longer whole second, e.g. for the Marathon, 2:09:44.3&#xA;    shall be recorded as 2:09:45.&#xA;    Note: The official time shall be the time elapsed between the&#xA;    firing of the starting gun and the athlete reaching the finish line.&#xA;    However, the time elapsed between an athlete crossing the start&#xA;    line and the finish line can be made known to him, but will not&#xA;    be considered an official time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;(f) Whilst the determination of the finishing order and times may&#xA;    be considered official, Rules 164.2 and 165.2 may be applied&#xA;    where necessary.&#xA;    Note: It is recommended that judges and/or video recording(s)&#xA;    also be provided to assist in determining the finishing order.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;167.2&lt;/strong&gt;: In determining whether there has been a tie between athletes in different heats for a ranking position according to Rule 166.3(a) or&#xA;  for a qualifying position for a subsequent round based on time, the&#xA;  Chief Photo Finish Judge shall consider the actual times recorded by&#xA;  the athletes to 1/1000th of a second. If it is thus (or according to&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;167.1&lt;/strong&gt;) determined that there has been a tie for a ranking position the tie shall be broken by draw. Where there is a tie for a qualifying&#xA;  position for a subsequent round based on time or place, the tying&#xA;  athletes shall be placed in the next round or, if that is not&#xA;  practicable, lots shall be drawn to determine who shall be placed in&#xA;  the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-06-26T15:49:59.880" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T15:49:59.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2012-06-26T06:23:48.203" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike in cricket, its really hard to stop the game in between a football game. But the FIFA is working really hard to stop this injustice to certain teams (ex: England's disallowed goal against Germany in WC2010 &amp;amp; Chelsea's ghost goal in the FA cup 2010 semi-finals against Tottenham Hotspurs) &#xA;May be a goal-line camera technology will help FIFA in overcoming this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="577" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T06:23:48.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="965" CreationDate="2012-06-26T06:45:19.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. The players usually gets booked for celebrating the goal by removing his shirt due to the disciplinary reasons. And the referees spare no mercy to issue the second yellow card (first card in the earlier match) &amp;amp; send the player off. There have been no complaints from the players &amp;amp; the managers about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="577" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T06:45:19.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1090" CreationDate="2012-06-26T09:58:11.610" Score="12" ViewCount="12370" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 5th and 6th officials (if that's what they're called) that run the goal line in Euro 2012 can be seen holding &quot;wands&quot; in their hands;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OO3Li.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know what they are? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:18:17.303" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T09:09:50.700" Title="Why do the 5th and 6th officials need magic wands, and what do they do?" Tags="|football|euro|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-06-26T11:40:54.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stick he's holding is a buzzer,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When he press on this &quot;Wand&quot; then main referee feels vibration and he knows that the 5th or 6th officials wants to signal him on something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will look for a reference later on..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T11:40:54.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1032" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1034" CreationDate="2012-06-26T19:02:44.730" Score="13" ViewCount="3612" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why can't MLB teams trade draft picks like the NHL or NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would make for much more interesting drafts, and teams could &quot;stock up&quot; on young talent, then burn picks for veterans to make a playoff push like in many baseball simulation leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is there a reasoning behind not allowing MLB teams to trade draft picks beyond &quot;the commissioner said 'NO'&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="569" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T04:16:21.253" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T04:16:21.253" Title="Why can't MLB teams trade draft picks?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|transaction|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1032" CreationDate="2012-06-26T19:25:04.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer here is that you cannot trade draft picks because the trading of draft picks is not allowed by the collective bargaining agreement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The CBA for any American sport league lays out the terms on which the players and owners agree to run their sports league. It, along with unions and some other legal maneuvering are required in order to escape anti-trust regulations that are set up by the United States Congress to promote competition and limit monopolies. Because Sport Leagues are functionally monopolies there are special protections in place so that they can exist (primarily CBAs and Unions for players, coaches and officials) without serious legal repercussions. When players and owners cannot come to terms on a CBA you see the kind of legal maneuvering that the NFL and their players' association participated in last summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball just signed a brand new collective bargaining agreement before this current season that is good for a number of years. While that brought numerous changes to the draft, the trading of draft picks was not one of the changes that was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T19:25:04.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1032" CreationDate="2012-06-26T19:26:24.933" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB has no salary cap. Can you imagine if the Yankees wanted draft picks? They can get almost every pick they please. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, &quot;competitive balance&quot; is the reason. In addition, the &lt;s&gt;current&lt;/s&gt; expired MLB Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) &lt;s&gt;does&lt;/s&gt; did not allow trading of draft picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 2013, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111213&amp;amp;content_id=26159682&amp;amp;vkey=news_mlb&amp;amp;c_id=mlb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;new MLB CBA&lt;/a&gt; will let some teams trade some picks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the 2012 MLB Draft signing deadline passes, MLB’s 10 smallest-market teams and 10 lowest-revenue teams (if a team is in both lists, they will count as BOTH a smallest-market AND lowest-revenue team – which means up to 20 (but most likely not 20) teams will fall under this umbrella) will be placed in a “&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111130&amp;amp;content_id=26059392&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Competitive Balance Lottery&lt;/a&gt;” – a product of the new CBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The odds of winning a draft pick through the lottery will be based on each team’s winning percentage from the previous season (like the NBA). In the 2013 MLB Draft, there will be two groups of six lottery picks; one group after the first round, one group after the second round. The teams from the first group that did not win one of the picks from the first group will be re-entered in the lottery along with any other team that receives revenue sharing. &lt;em&gt;However, only a team that wins a pick in the lottery can trade it, meaning the selection can be traded just once. Picks also can’t be sold for cash, and may only be dealt during the regular season.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T17:28:29.073" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T17:28:29.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1036" CreationDate="2012-06-27T06:47:26.660" Score="12" ViewCount="47952" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall about zone defense and travelling being major differences but I'm sure there are more small differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T00:10:02.727" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T03:42:41.987" Title="Differences between NBA and European/FIBA/Olympic basketball rules" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|olympics|fiba|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1035" CreationDate="2012-06-27T07:27:30.793" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a lot more differences than I will state, but these are the major differences between NBA and FIBA Basketball Game Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Game time (40 min &lt;strong&gt;vs&lt;/strong&gt; 48 min)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;player is disqualified after 5 fouls at FIBA &lt;strong&gt;vs&lt;/strong&gt; 6 at NBA&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;three-point distance (23 feet and 9 inches away from the backboard &lt;strong&gt;vs&lt;/strong&gt; 22 ft 2 in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Time-outs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the NBA, there are two types of time-outs: 100 (60)-second ones and&#xA;  20-second ones. Each team is allowed to benefit from up to six&#xA;  time-outs during regulation play (four quarters), but no more than&#xA;  three in the fourth period. They are allowed one 20-second time-out in&#xA;  every half and one in each overtime. The timeout can be requested by a&#xA;  head coach or by a player in control of the ball. If neither of the&#xA;  teams requests any timeouts during a period, the game officials have&#xA;  to call a number of mandatory timeouts, mainly for commercial reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In FIBA regulations, teams are allowed to benefit from two time-outs&#xA;  in the first half, three in the second half, and one in each overtime.&#xA;  Every time-out is one minute long, except for occasional TV time-outs,&#xA;  which may or may not be included by the organizer of the game. If the&#xA;  organizer wishes, they may include one TV time-out per quarter (none&#xA;  in overtimes), with a length of 60 to 100 seconds, but this is in no&#xA;  way mandatory. In fact, these are rarely applied. Regular&#xA;  (non-commercial) time-outs may only be requested by coaches (not by&#xA;  players) and may only be granted when the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Game Spirit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is not only the strict letter of regulations that referees have to&#xA;  consider when officiating. There is also the so-called ‘spirit of the&#xA;  game’, which allows referees and officials to give different meanings&#xA;  to rules in cases which are not completely specified in the&#xA;  regulation. This too, is different. The best example for this is when&#xA;  they will not call a traveling violation against a player on a fast&#xA;  break, even though he has taken three steps without dribbling, on&#xA;  lay-up; but they will allow him to go on ahead and score his goal if&#xA;  no defender has any chance of reaching him, in order to make the game&#xA;  dynamic and entertaining. This will often happen in the NBA but not in&#xA;  FIBA-officiated games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Needless to say, the differences are much more detailed and would take hundreds of pages to be explained thoroughly. But it is interesting to think about NBA players who are used to their home rules, having to play in FIBA-governed championships. And, vice versa, even though that is much rarer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more at &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Differences between NBA and FIBA Basketball Game Rules&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://suite101.com/article/differences-between-nba-and-fiba-basketball-game-rules-a356156&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://suite101.com/article/differences-between-nba-and-fiba-basketball-game-rules-a356156&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More can be seen at the official rule book:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/ruleRegu/p/openNodeIDs/897/selNodeID/897/baskOffiRule.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rule book&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;vs&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T15:33:07.730" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T15:33:07.730" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1039" CreationDate="2012-06-27T15:12:33.503" Score="8" ViewCount="2740" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there are several locations that have hosted the US Open many times.  How is the location determined? Are there criteria that a course must meet to be considered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T14:30:05.350" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:30:05.350" Title="How is The location of the US Open determined?" Tags="|golf|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1038" CreationDate="2012-06-28T11:10:58.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The location is determined several years in advance (we already know the location of 2019 US Open) by USGA Championship Committee using a lot of criteria. First of all, obviously, is the quality (and difficulty) of the course. The location should also move around to different parts of the country (2011: Maryland, 2012: California, 2013: Pennsylvania, 2014: North Carolina, 2015: Washington, …).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/course_care/green_section_record/2007/may_jun/Preparing-for-Golf-at-the-Championship-Level/&quot;&gt;a detailed article at USGA.org&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Before a venue is selected to host a U.S. Open, it is carefully examined by the USGA to ensure it meets key criteria. First and foremost, the golf course must be of excellent quality and design. Can it be set up to adequately test the world's best players? If the answer is &quot;yes,&quot; the USGA staff then thoroughly study the operational aspects of the site and local community. There must be enough land surrounding the golf course for tents, operational compounds, admission entrances, and spectator transportation. The golf course must have enough space between and around golf holes for grandstands, TV towers, concession areas, and for the relatively unimpeded movement of thousands of spectators. Outside the golf course, we examine the potential space for parking upwards of 14,000 to 20,000 vehicles, the likely traffic conditions to shuttle spectators via bus between parking and the golf course, the availability of thousands of hotel rooms and a convenient airport, and the anticipated cooperation from the state and local governments, as well as the local business community. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T11:10:58.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1040" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-28T18:07:31.157" Score="10" ViewCount="1590" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player shoots the ball in soccer, it's counted as a &quot;shot&quot; regardless of whether it goes wide, gets saved by the goalie, or goes in as a goal.  However, in hockey, a shot is only counted as a &quot;shot&quot; when the puck either hits the goalie, or goes in as a goal.  Keep in mind, shots are further divided into &quot;shots on goal&quot; and &quot;shots taken&quot; in both sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is, when someone talks about a shot in soccer, they're referring to a &quot;shot taken&quot;, whereas when someone talks about a shot in hockey, they're referring to a &quot;shot on goal&quot;.  Why the discrepancy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="569" LastEditorUserId="569" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T18:15:36.077" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T20:39:46.243" Title="Soccer &quot;Shot&quot; VS Hockey &quot;Shot&quot;" Tags="|football|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1040" CreationDate="2012-06-28T18:41:09.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I had to guess I'd say while they are similar in a lot of ways, soccer is played on a much larger field where players run on foot while ice hockey is played on a much smaller sheet of ice that players skate really fast on. Soccer probably counts all shots cause they're not as frequently taken while in ice hockey shots happen far more frequently and therefor counting all those wide shots would add up a lot. In essence though, they're just different sports and the players and stat keepers probably just feel differently about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T18:41:09.387" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="951" CreationDate="2012-06-28T22:41:08.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer specific to your question, the Olympic Club is as difficult as it is because the USGA made it that way for the US Open. Prior to the tournament they allowed the rough to grow longer and closer in (making the fairway more narrow), they sped up the fairways and greens, They chose pin placements that were more difficult, and they moved some of the teeboxes back to make holes longer. All to make sure that the course lived up to the US Open standards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="584" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T16:04:34.457" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T16:04:34.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1048" CreationDate="2012-06-28T22:59:08.357" Score="7" ViewCount="26862" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen a lot of players with those blue stripes or patches like Balotelli wore in the Italy - Germany Euro 2012 semi-final:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0BHg7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Balotelli celebrate Euro 2012 semi-final goal&quot; title=&quot;Balotelli celebrating a goal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are those stripes / patches/ tapes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:18:00.493" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T21:18:00.493" Title="What are those blue stripes or patches on Balotelli's back?" Tags="|football|equipment|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="394" CreationDate="2012-06-29T04:16:34.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Due to the sheer number of players that NCAA teams may keep on a roster (105, as mentioned in another answer), teams will often carry an excess number of quarterbacks - typically 2-3 (redshirt) freshman and then 2-3 upperclassmen.  In my experience, the college team I played on and the other teams we played against always had at least 4 quarterbacks in their full roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even after the quarterback position dries up, you typically have other players on the team who may have played quarterback in high school who might be used or considered an &quot;emergency&quot; QB type of player if, for some freak reason, all dressed quarterbacks for a given game become unavailable to play due to injury or some other circumstance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="586" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-06-29T15:12:29.147" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T15:12:29.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-06-29T10:00:12.983" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kinesiotaping.co.uk/&quot;&gt;Kinesio Tape&lt;/a&gt;, which is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_therapeutic_tape&quot;&gt;adhesive-tape&lt;/a&gt; that is applied to problematic muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Problematic as in, the muscles are weak after returning from injury (you can support them using Kinesio tape), or you can apply it to aching muscles to sooth the pain. It's application can also increase blood flow to the muscles, and speed up the recovery process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically to Mario, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ministryofsoccer.org/2012/06/what-is-the-blue-kinesio-tape-on-soccer-players/&quot;&gt;no-one knows&lt;/a&gt; the exact reason he's using it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physioroom.com/products/kinesio_tape.php&quot;&gt;Here's an article&lt;/a&gt; which explains the science behind it (beyond me :P).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T10:00:12.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1057" CreationDate="2012-07-01T07:35:49.320" Score="5" ViewCount="7083" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a &lt;strong&gt;Golden set&lt;/strong&gt; on tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a tennis player who won a golden set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;Golden set&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Bagel set&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:10:32.963" LastActivityDate="2023-08-18T05:19:38.963" Title="What is a Golden set? and what is the difference with Bagel set?" Tags="|tennis|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1056" CreationDate="2012-07-01T07:35:49.490" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Golden set&lt;/strong&gt;: Set which is won without dropping a single point.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only one man in the history of top-tier professional tour tennis has&#xA;  ever achieved this: &lt;strong&gt;Bill Scanlon&lt;/strong&gt; against Marcos Hocevar in the&#xA;  first round of the WCT Gold Coast Classic at Delray Beach on February&#xA;  22, 1983.    Scanlon won the match 6–2, 6–0. The achievement is&#xA;  recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are only 2 women to won golden set:   In 1943, &lt;strong&gt;Pauline Betz&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  won the Tri-State tournament in Cincinnati, Ohio, defeating Catherine&#xA;  Wolf in the final, 6–0, 6–2, without losing a point in the first set. &#xA;  In the 2012 Wimbledon Championships, &lt;strong&gt;Yaroslava Shvedova&lt;/strong&gt; achieved a&#xA;  golden set against Sara Errani. She later went on to win the match&#xA;  6-0, 6-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Golden match&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;: a match which is won without losing a single point, the entire match! but no one has won it until today..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bagel set&lt;/strong&gt; is a set which the winning player won 6-0, and the difference with &lt;strong&gt;Golden set&lt;/strong&gt; is that you can lose points during the game as long as you win the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Bagel_Award&quot;&gt;Golden Bagel&#xA;  Award&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is an award&#xA;  established in 2004 that honors the professional male tennis player&#xA;  who has handed out more &quot;bagels&quot; (sets won 6-0), than any other player&#xA;  on the circuit.   Roger Federer holds the all-time record for most&#xA;  bagels in a single season with 18 going into the Tennis Master's Cup,&#xA;  and a total of 19 in 2006.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-12T20:48:26.250" LastActivityDate="2012-07-12T20:48:26.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1058" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1059" CreationDate="2012-07-01T13:22:06.070" Score="9" ViewCount="2356" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now Wimbledon is going on for over a week, I wonder why some players enter mutliple events on the same Grand Slam, e.g. the Williams sisters that in the past participated in the Women's Singles and Doubles. There are plenty of players that start in the Single or (midex) Double.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why do tennis-players do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can imagine that playing in multiple events is exhausting if you survive a few rounds, and playing in the doubles does negatively affect once performance in the singles. On the other hand they might earn more money, or don't expect to get far in either of the events, but that does not hold for the Williams sisters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T15:10:24.670" Title="Why are tennis players active in multiple events during a Grand Slam?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1058" CreationDate="2012-07-01T14:06:28.167" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First reason is &lt;strong&gt;Money&lt;/strong&gt; as you stated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wining double on Wimbledon worth 260,000£ per pair meaning 130,000£ for each player.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Winning Mixed double worth 92,000£ per pair meaning 46,000£ for each player.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/pdf/2012-prizemoney-breakdown.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.wimbledon.com/pdf/2012-prizemoney-breakdown.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, a big tournament has it's &lt;strong&gt;glory&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Winning a Grand Slam or an Olympic looks very well on your resume, No matter if it is not singles..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last reason, It's &lt;strong&gt;FUN&lt;/strong&gt;, some tennis players love to play tennis! a.k. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Ram&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andy Ram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;also Williams sister love to play with each other and this is their chance.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's a way to meet and make friends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double/ Mixed double require &lt;strong&gt;smaller effort&lt;/strong&gt; then single.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example Roger Federer, one of the greatest, played doubles in only 4 grand slams (The last one was on 2003!).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But on 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Federer played and won the gold medal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zKtuD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;**&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;So, to conclude: Money, Glory &amp;amp; Fun.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;**&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T15:10:24.670" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T15:10:24.670" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1060" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-01T21:01:35.630" Score="8" ViewCount="545" Body="&lt;p&gt;So Spain, the winners of Euro 2012, now have a UEFA Trophy in their hands and a handful of winners medals for good measure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, are there any additional benefits/ prizes of winning the European Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="599" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:07:28.800" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:14:37.583" Title="What do Spain get for winning Euro 2012?" Tags="|rules|football|euro|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-07-01T21:48:20.480" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spain won &lt;strong&gt;€23 million&lt;/strong&gt; according to the following calculation:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€8m&lt;/strong&gt; fixed for playing in UEFA EURO 2012.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€0.5m&lt;/strong&gt; for the draw against Italy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€1m&lt;/strong&gt; for winning the game against Ireland.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€1m&lt;/strong&gt; for winning the game against Croatia.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€2m&lt;/strong&gt; for participating in the quarter-final against France.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;€3m&lt;/strong&gt; for participating in the semi-final against Portugal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, &lt;strong&gt;€7.5m&lt;/strong&gt; for winning UEFA EURO 2012.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Participating teams at the UEFA EURO 2012 final tournament will pay&#xA;  the fixed participation contribution fee per team of €8m. Further, a&#xA;  performance bonus at the group stage of €0.5m per draw and €1m per win&#xA;  was fixed, as well as a bonus of €1m to the third-placed team in the&#xA;  group. The quarter-finalists will each receive €2m, the semi-finalists&#xA;  €3m, the runners-up €4.5m and the winners of UEFA EURO 2012 €7.5m.&#xA;  Thus the total amount available for distribution is €196m (up from&#xA;  €184m for UEFA EURO 2008).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sport24.co.za/Soccer/Euro2012/Euro-2012-prize-money-list-20120702&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:14:37.583" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:14:37.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-07-02T09:40:42.003" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the financial benefits detailed in Dor Cohen's answer, Spain also achieved:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fifa World Ranking Points&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain will have picked up a considerable number of Fifa World Ranking points by winning this tournament and via the manner in which they did so.  With continental cup tournaments carrying a 3.0x multiplier, Spain will have further cemented their World #1 status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings#2006_ranking_system_update&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Record&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the first time in history that a team has won 3 back-to-back major tournaments, those being:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Euro 2008&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fifa World Cup 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Euro 2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't be too surprised if they made it four at the 2014 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prestige&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, what may matter more than &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; financial or statistical benefit is that the team can say they are the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T09:40:42.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1064" CreationDate="2012-07-02T09:45:34.463" Score="6" ViewCount="4751" Body="&lt;p&gt;Euro 2012 has now ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why has Fernando Torres won the golden boot when the following players also had 3 goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mario Gomez (Germany)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alan Dzagoyev (Russia)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mario Mandzukic (Croatia)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mario Balotelli (Italy)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-06T15:27:49.710" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T20:48:54.660" Title="Why did Fernando Torres win the Golden Boot at Euro 2012?" Tags="|rules|football|euro|awards|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1063" CreationDate="2012-07-02T09:45:34.587" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Torres won the Golden Boot because he was the most effective..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event of a tie, the Golden Boot will be awarded to the player with the most assists.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In a further tie, the winner will be the player spending the least time playing in the tournament(i.e On the pitch).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fernando Torres secured one assist, the same as Mario Gomez, but spent a total of 189 minutes on the pitch compared to 281 minutes by Mario Gomez of Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over-all topscorer for Euro 2012 including qualification is Klaas-Jan Huntelaar (Netherlands) who scored 12 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S6g7N.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="707" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T10:27:06.727" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T10:27:06.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1115" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:25:30.007" Score="6" ViewCount="4997" Body="&lt;p&gt;I currently play with a Nike DuraFeel golf glove on my leading hand. It's practical, it works, and it fits &quot;like a glove&quot; (as in perfectly; not too tight but nothing to spare). Sometimes I'll glove both hands; I usually only do this at the range when I'm hitting bucket after bucket, but usually on the course I need to get in and out of my right pocket for tees, spare balls etc which is more difficult with a glove. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that this glove currently lasts me maybe three to four rounds and/or range visits before the thumb develops a huge hole, and by the end of the first round played they get pretty stiff so I often relegate them to range use after just one or two rounds. That makes worn-out gloves a bigger money sink equipment-wise than lost balls; I play C-grade recycled balls so each one I lose is only about $.50, and my lost-ball count is much lower in recent times than it had been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Am I doing something wrong in my grip causing premature wear?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would a more expensive glove last longer, or just waste money on &quot;better feel&quot; (for the first round before it stiffens)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T15:32:52.900" Title="How long should I expect a golf glove to last before wearing out?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1066" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:27:33.810" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:27:33.810" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:27:33.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1067" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:27:33.810" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to the past history of a sport, such as regarding past players, team records, older generations of equipment, etc. Questions using this tag must also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:34:28.100" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:34:28.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1068" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:28:34.060" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:28:34.060" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:28:34.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1069" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:28:34.060" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to specific footwear typically worn to play a particular sport. Most questions should also be tagged with the specific sport or other activity (i.e. running) in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:36:08.253" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:36:08.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1070" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:32:05.850" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA European Championship&lt;/a&gt; (more popularly known as Euros), its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1043/what-are-those-blue-stripes-or-patches-on-balotellis-back&quot;&gt;What are those blue stripes or patches on Balotelli's back?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/14029/what-do-the-referees-check-when-controlling-the-shoes-of-football-players&quot;&gt;What do the referees check when controlling the shoes of football players?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can tag the question with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt; tag, if it asks/involves/implies UEFA's perspective on/relation to the subject, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1060/what-do-spain-get-for-winning-euro-2012&quot;&gt;What do Spain get for winning Euro 2012?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T19:13:07.020" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T19:13:07.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1071" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:32:05.850" Score="0" Body="Questions about the UEFA EURO association football tournament. Questions using this tag should also use the &quot;football&quot; tag." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-20T21:05:31.917" LastActivityDate="2013-11-20T21:05:31.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1072" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:34:47.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_and_field&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Track and field&lt;/a&gt; is a family of competitive events, including foot races, jumping competitions, and throwing/hurling competitions. It is among the oldest forms of formal athletic competition, dating back to ancient Greek and Roman eras, including the ancient Greek Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern track and field events include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Running races:&lt;/strong&gt; 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m and 1600m (~ 1 mile) distances are common for individual events. Competitors run on an oval track, in individual lanes (with starting positions staggered on events that require running around the circular ends of the track to provide the same overall distance for all runners). Contestants line up on starting blocks, set, and await a starting gun to begin the race. The first runner to cross the finish line, without leaving their lane or committing some other fault such as a false start, wins the race. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern races are typically run in heats, allowing for more competitors than there are running lanes on the track; runners compete either to win the heat, or to have one of the best times among all runners in a set of heats, each of which earns them a spot in the next higher stage of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hurdling:&lt;/strong&gt; Usually seen in 100m and 400m lengths, hurdling is similar to a normal running race, but evenly spaced in each runner's lane are 10 gates or &quot;hurdles&quot; which they must jump over while running. Several hurdle heights are common, depending on age and gender of the runners. When hurdling, it is acceptable to knock the hurdle over (which they are designed for), but all ten hurdles must be cleared by passing over them in some form (and it is preferred to clear the hurdle cleanly as hitting the hurdle causes the runner to lose speed) Again, hurdle races are commonly run as heats allowing more competitors to race than the track has lanes by advancing the runners with the fastest times at each level to a higher stage of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relay racing:&lt;/strong&gt; Similar to a running race, a relay race is a team event in which four runners on a team take turns running &quot;legs&quot; of the race. The first runner starts off a block, similar to a running race. They run their allotted distance (1/4 of the total distance) carrying a short wooden pole or aluminum tube called a &quot;baton&quot;. At the end of their leg, the next teammate awaits them, and the runner must pass the baton to their teammate in front of a line on the track (the teammate is allowed to build a running start but may not cross the exchange line without the baton). This happens two more times before the final runner for each team carries the baton across the finish line. Relay races are commonly seen in 400m and 1600m total distances, with each runner running 1/4 of that distance; the events are usually notated as 4x100m and 4x400m. Other lengths, such as 4x200m, 4x800m and 4x1600m are sometimes seen. Also seen is the Medley Relay, a relay race in which each leg is progressively longer; the two most common medleys are 1200-400-800-1600 (a Distance Medley; total distance 4000m) and 400-200-200-800 (a Sprint Medley, total distance 1600m).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long Jumping:&lt;/strong&gt; Competitors start at the end of a running track, at the end of which is a long sand pit. The competitor runs along the track to a line at the end, at which they jump out across the sand pit, the objective being to cover the most distance, as measured by the first disturbance made in the sand by the competitor's body, hands, feet or clothing. Each competitor typically gets three attempts and their best distance counts. There is also a standing long jump variation, where the competitor does not get a running start but simply stands at the jump line and makes their leap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Triple Jumping:&lt;/strong&gt; Similar to long jumping, but at a point further back in the running lane, the competitor must begin the first of three leaps; typically first with one foot, then with the other, and finally with both out into the sand pit. The total distance of all three jumps is measured. There is a standing triple jump variant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High Jumping:&lt;/strong&gt; Competitors approach a bar set at a given distance above the ground, with any starting height offered by the judge and accepted by the competitor. They must, without assistance from any device, propel their body over the bar without knocking the bar off of the pegs holding it up. Each competitor gets three tries at a given height, and as soon as they clear it they may proceed to the next higher distance, or if they fail to clear it in 3 tries they are eliminated. The jumper who clears the bar successfully at the highest distance wins; if there is a tie for height, the jumper who cleared that distance with fewer failed attempts win. If it's still a tie, a &quot;jump-off&quot; is held; the jumpers each get one attempt at the next higher distance, and the bar is raised if both clear it and lowered if both fail, until only one jumper clears the bar on their attempt. There is a standing high jump variant where no moving start is allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pole Vaulting:&lt;/strong&gt; Competitors carry a long flexible pole which they hold at one end as they run down a lane. At the other end of the lane is a bar placed on pegs, and a small hole or trench in the ground. The vaulter must put the other end of the pole in the hole or trench; the pole will then bend, storing the vaulter's forward motion, and straighten, propelling the vaulter upwards. Then, similar to high jumping, the vaulter must pass their entire body over the bar without knocking it off the pegs. Again similar to high jumping, each vaulter gets three attempts at a given height, and the vaulter who clears the greatest height wins with ties broken first by the number of failed attempts and then by a &quot;vault-off&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discus Throw:&lt;/strong&gt; The discus is a lens-shaped disc of wood, metal, ceramic and/or synthetic, weighing 2 kilograms for men and 1 kilogram for women and juniors. The thrower starts in a circle 2.5m in diameter, and attempts to propel the discus through the air into the &quot;fair zone&quot; (described by an angle of 35* drawn on the field with its vertex at the thrower's feet), covering the greatest distance possible. The thrower may not leave the throwing circle, but there are no other major rules concerning form or method of throwing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shot Put:&lt;/strong&gt; The &quot;shot&quot; is a metal or synthetic sphere 5.75kg in weight (for Olympic men's events; 16lb for NCAA men's events) resembling a cannonball. Competitors stand in a circle 7 feet in diameter with a &quot;stop board&quot; 10cm high at the front of the circle. They heft this shot to their neck with one hand, and then with a pushing motion attempt to heave it as far as possible; the distance is measured from the outer circle to the first mark made in the ground by the shot. There are specific technique guidelines which must be followed when shot putting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hammer Throw:&lt;/strong&gt; The hammer is a metal sphere 16 pounds in weight (for men's events) to which is attached a wire or pole 3 feet, 11 inches long with a handle at the end. Throwers stand in the same circle as for a discus throw, swing the hammer up into the air and then around their body one to four times before releasing it; the object, as with other throws, being the longest distance from the edge of the circle to the first point of impact of any part of the hammer. In the original form of the competition still practiced in Scotland, an actual sledge hammer is thrown (hence the name), but for most competitions including collegiate and Olympic events, a ball with a wire or chain and handle is used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Javelin Throw:&lt;/strong&gt; The javelin is a pointed throwing spear 2.6m long and weighing 800 grams (for men's competitions). Competitors run down a short lane carrying the javelin, and then heave it into the air, going for the best distance. The javelin must stick into the ground at its initial point of impact, and must be within the &quot;fair zone' (an angle similar to the discus but only 28 degrees) for the throw to count.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decathlon:&lt;/strong&gt; The decathlon is a sequence of ten track and field events, a combination of running, jumping and throwing, in which each athlete competes in each event and the winner is the best overall performer, as scored using metrics based on the competitor's distance, height or time in each event as applicable. The ten events are 100m, 400m and 1500m running races, 110m hurdles, long jump, high jump, pole vault, discus, hammer throw and javelin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heptathlon:&lt;/strong&gt; Similar to the decathlon but intended for female competitors, the heptathlon is seven events: 200m and 800m running races, 100m hurdles, long jump, high jump, shot put and javelin. Competitors are scored on their performance in each event using a mathematical metric, and the highest overall score wins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Women's Pentathlon:&lt;/strong&gt; Not to be confused with the Olympic Modern Pentathlon (an event combining fencing, horse racing, running, shooting and swimming), the women's pentathlon is the 800m running race, 100m hurdles, long jump, high jump and shot put. It has been replaced in the Olympics with the heptathlon as of 1984, but is still seen in junior athletic events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marathon:&lt;/strong&gt; Usually its own event, the marathon is one of the original events of the modern Olympics, and is modeled after Pheidippides' victory run from the site of the Battle of Marathon to Athens to bring news of the Greek victory. The modern marathon is 26.2 miles (42.195 km) and is the longest Olympic running race distance, with the event at the Olympics usually ending at the track-and-field stadium with one lap around the track.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Half-Marathon&lt;/strong&gt; A long-distance running race exactly half the distance of a marathon, 13.1 miles, typically offered to runners at events that also include a full marathon. It is not an Olympic event, however the 20km race walk is a similar distance (though the competitors are required to &quot;walk&quot; - to have one foot in contact with the ground at all times - and so the pace is typically slower than cross-country running).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T09:26:43.510" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T09:26:43.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1073" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:34:47.250" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to the competitions and individual events falling into the family of &quot;track and field&quot; sports, i.e. foot races including hurdles (but excluding marathons and long-distance running; see the &quot;marathon&quot; tag), jumping, vaulting, javelin, shot put, hammer throw, etc. " OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:35:47.693" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:35:47.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1074" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:35:52.473" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:35:52.473" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:35:52.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1075" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:35:52.473" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the scoring mechanisms of a particular sport. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:36:28.973" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:36:28.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1076" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:42:34.603" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:42:34.603" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:42:34.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1077" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:42:34.603" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to determining, achieving, maintaining and increasing a steady, sustainable rate of progress. Most commonly associated with running races (see &quot;track-and-field&quot;, &quot;marathon&quot;) and bicycling." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:36:42.293" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:36:42.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1078" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:47:21.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it is about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sports terms&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sports jargons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;translations/variations of sports terms in different languages&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;notations in sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;popular/historical idioms in sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;anything else which is related to the language used in sports, commentary etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:54:57.920" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:54:57.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1079" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:47:21.977" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to commonly used terms, jargons, notations, idioms etc. associated with a particular sport. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:54:57.920" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:54:57.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1080" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:49:09.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Training is the physical conditioning and preparation for a sport that many participants also spend time and effort on. It may also be called &lt;em&gt;practice&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;drilling&lt;/em&gt; in some contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Training can involve general physical fitness and capability, specific exercise that emphasises the body action used in a sport, abstracted skills practice, drills that apply one or more skills to a game-like situation, or variations of the sport itself. It less often refers to time spent on strategic, tactical, mental, academic, psychological and other forms of preparation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The importance and quality of training tends to equate to the competitiveness and skill level of the participants. At social levels, training may be nonexistent or optional, have no specialist coaching or other staff, and does not require much time each week. At the professional level training may be a mandated part of involvement in a team or programme, be composed of diverse specialist sessions focused on key aspects of the sport, and have significant daily time commitments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Training was historically considered one factor that marked the difference between the amateur and professional participant, as an amateur could not afford the time or resources. Under the extremes of this philosophy, training was a form of cheating, much as doping is considered now. Modern sports involvement does not make such a distinction on the basis of training or the lack thereof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T11:01:23.300" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T11:01:23.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1081" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:49:09.743" Score="0" Body="Questions about physical conditioning and other preparation for sport. Questions about general physical conditioning can be asked at Physical Fitness SE. Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T16:48:49.627" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T16:48:49.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1082" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:52:00.817" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:52:00.817" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:52:00.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1083" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:52:00.817" Score="0" Body="Questions about exercise specific to a given sport. This should also use a tag for the specific sport in question. Questions about exercise in general may be better suited for Physical Fitness Q&amp;A (http://fitness.stackexchange.com/)." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:27:25.790" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:27:25.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1084" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:52:50.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formula 1 is the premiere class of international open-cockpit, open-wheel automobile circuit racing. Racing events, often known as Grands Prix, are held in many countries in Europe, Asia and North and South America, at internationally-famous tracks and cities such as street races in Monaco and Valencia, Spain, and at sports car manufacturer test tracks such as Nurburgring, Hockenheimring, Suzuka, and Fuji Speedway. It is a multi-billion-dollar sport, with drivers and car builders competing for respective championship titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for Formula-1 racing, encompassing everything from specifics of car design, track construction and design features, and the rules of the actual race such as starting procedure, driver etiquette and restrictions on in-race modification of the car, are determined by the International Federation of Autosports, known by its French initials FIA, which also governs several other international classes of motor sport such as other &quot;formula&quot; designations, GT classes (using cars based on production models with various levels of modification allowed), and international drag racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cars themselves represent the pinnacle of automotive design and engineering in motorsports, with racing teams sponsored by major automakers such as Ford, McLaren, Ferrari, Renault, Fiat and Lotus, and many international corporate brands such as Red Bull, Vodafone, Shell Oil, Panasonic and others, each with design and engineering teams dedicated solely to seemingly minute details of each car design. With there being no general &quot;unlimited&quot; class of auto racing, Formula-1 comes closest, with the F1 class historically allowing the largest engine displacement and horsepower of any international circuit racing class (though regional classes such as Indy Cars and NASCAR have, in certain circumstances, fielded cars with higher base horsepower than the Formula 1 cars of the time). The exact specifications for the engine, such as the number of cylinders and valves, total displacement, RPM limits, and restrictions on the use of non-natural aspiration such as turbos and superchargers, have changed from year to year; currently, for safety and cost reasons, all cars must use a V8 engine with natural aspiration, but these engines now run at speeds up to almost 20,000 RPM, since the lifting of a rev limit of 12,000 RPM in the 90s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A relatively unique feature of Formula 1 compared to many other circuit-racing formats is that the car must finish the race using only its initial fuel supply, with refueling having been allowed in only a few of the championship seasons, when engine technologies such as turbochargers reduced fuel economy in favor of speed. This rule is in sharp contrast to many other circuit-racing leagues such as Indy, NASCAR, and Le Mans Series, which allow refueling in the &quot;pits&quot; along with replacement of tires and minor adjustments to wing angles (which are also allowed in F1). As a result, Formula 1 cars tend to be heavier at the start than their related Indy Car counterparts, races tend to be shorter, and fuel management is a key consideration of team strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula 1 is also notable for not stopping or postponing races due to rain or even snow (though the F1 season typically runs through the warm seasons), which is commonly seen in other popular leagues such as NASCAR and IndyCar. This rule is not unique, as the FIA-sanctioned GT and Le Mans Series also race in bad weather. Teams are expected to have special treaded racing tires on hand in case of rain, and the decision of when to switch tires when rain looks likely is a critical one; the normal racing &quot;slicks&quot; used for a dry track depend on high cohesion with the track surface and will quickly begin skidding on a wetted track, while the rain tires have less traction overall and make the car feel &quot;spongy&quot;, reducing speed on a dry track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being on the cutting edge of car design, with engines and chassis designed for pure speed at nearly all costs, the sport has seen more than its fair share of fatalities over the years. The 1960s and 1970s saw major technological advances in car power and aerodynamic efficiency, but it took some gruesome injuries and the deaths of several prominent drivers to prompt changes to increase the safety of car and track design. After a relative lull in major injuries and deaths in the late 80s and early 90s, the 1994 season saw two driver deaths, a driver injury and numerous injuries to crew and spectators, all at the same track in Imola at the San Marino Grand Prix. The fatalities included three-time world champion driver Ayrton Senna, who had been in discussions with other drivers about the formation of a driver association to advocate for safer cars and tracks. In response, the FIA again made driver safety its top concern, immediately instituting rules for the remainder of the 94 season to reduce engine power, tire traction and downforce to control speed, increasing driver protection in car design, and introducing another round of sweeping new changes to track design, such as the requirement of tire barriers along any wall that a driver would face head-on at any time while on the course. Perhaps symbolically, the Imola track was redesigned to remove the &quot;Villeneuve kink&quot; at which Roland Ratzenberger fatally crashed in qualifying, the &quot;Tambourello curve&quot; where Senna crashed, and the &quot;Vincente Bassa&quot;, where Senna's protege and fellow countryman Rubens Barrichello was injured in practice, was redesigned to straighten the chicane that launched Barrichello's car into the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules for car design and technological advancement have led to a general evolution of the design of Formula-1 cars over the decades. On the one hand, the FIA has a vested interest in driver, crew and spectator safety, and to provide a roughly level playing field between teams including cost control measures. On the other side, constructors and drivers have a general desire to increase performance of the cars and gain an advantage within those rules. Cars were originally built based on central aerodynamic &quot;pods&quot; containing the driver and engine, connected by a skeletal suspension to the outlying wheels. Relative position of the driver and engine originally varied from car to car, with the eventual adoption by most teams of a mid-engined, rear-wheel drive configuration with the driver just in front of the engine. The introduction of the concept of downforce to keep the car on the track for better control, and the need for additional cooling of higher-performance engines, gradually induced a change in chassis design in the late 60s and early 70s, from this central pod design to a flatter, lower design, with a slim, pointed nose containing the driver's body, widening sharply with a set of air intakes close to the track behind the front tires, and the engine in line behind the driver with a rollbar above. This then narrows again into a well for the rear wheels, with a rear spoiler placed above and behind them. Marginal changes have been made since then as new aerodynamic developments, safety mandates and cost control rules affect what builders can and can't do. Some of the largest changes in design have been the banning of &quot;ground control skirts&quot;, which were used in the 70s to maintain a relative vacuum under the car for downforce, but were prone to damage causing catastrophic loss of control; the elevation of car noses off of the ground in the early 90s, and various changes to the configuration of the cooling and aspiration intakes on either side of the driver's cockpit, behind the front wheels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sport attracts millions of fans around the world, and many winning drivers have become household names over time, such as Jackie Stewart, Emerson Fittipaldi, Niki Lauda, Mario Andretti, Gilles Villeneuve (and his son Jacques), Alain Prost, Nigel Mansell, Ayrton Senna, and in more recent years David Coulthard, Mika Hakkinnen, Juan Pablo Montoya, Michael Schumacher, Sebastien Vettel, Jenson Button, and Lewis Hamilton. Schumacher in particular has been a leading name in the sport for the past decade, being a seven-time champion despite a season-ending injury in the middle of his career. A few of these names have also become famous for accomplishments in other racing leagues; Mario Andretti, Emerson Fittipaldi, Jacques Villeneuve, Nigel Mansell, and Juan Pablo Montoya have all also won at least one Indy Car championship, with the first four winning a championship in the same year as an F1 championship. The Andretti name in particular has become a dynasty in the Indy Car leagues, with Mario's son Michael winning several Indy Car championships, and now managing a team including his own son Marco. Juan Pablo Montoya is currently competing in the U.S. NASCAR Sprint Cup racing series, being one of very few drivers to compete in all three of these racing leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the United States, the sport is less popular than abroad, with the closed-wheel NASCAR &quot;stock car&quot; series being the most popular spectator motorsport in most U.S. markets, and the most popular open-wheel class being Indy Car racing, with past incarnations such as Champ Car and CART, and the current administration of the Indy Racing League. Mario Andretti was the last United States Formula 1 Champion, in 1978; he was also the last U.S. driver to win a race, in that same year. Formula One events have been held in the United States at varying locations, with the greatest successes as spectator events being the United States Grands Prix at the historic Sebring and Watkins Glen circuits, and other successful events at the Long Beach Grand Prix and Detroit Grand Prix in the 1970s and 1980s. Prior to the 2012 season, the last United States Grand Prix was held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 2000 to 2007, on a road course that included three turns of the historic &quot;brickyard&quot; oval track used for NASCAR and Indy Car races. Problems between IMS and FIA managers prompted a split before the 2008 season, and the FIA vowed &quot;never to return to Indianapolis&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2007 was also the last year that the United States has had a native driver, Scott Speed, entered in a race on the Formula 1 circuit (the European Grand Prix); Speed now drives for Red Bull Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series, and F1 has not had a U.S. driver since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2010, billionaire Red McCoombs, a major Texas auto dealership owner and owner of the San Antonio Spurs, announced plans to build a new road course near Austin, Texas, named the &quot;Circuit of the Americas&quot;. The course complex was completed for the 2012 Formula 1 season, and hosted the first United States Grand Prix in 5 years on November 18, 2012. It was won by British driver Lewis Hamilton for his McLaren team. This Grand Prix is scheduled to be held yearly until at least 2021, along with a number of races for other motorsport classes, including the FIA's World Endurance Championship series of 24-hour races, and the American Le Mans series of LMP and GT-class closed-wheel racing. A second Formula 1 Grand Prix is scheduled for the 2014 season, in parallel to the USGP in Austin, to be held on a street course in the suburbs between New York City and Newark, New Jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-11-18T06:47:52.467" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T06:47:52.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1085" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:52:50.660" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to the class of open-wheeled auto racing known as Formula 1." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:34:17.430" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:34:17.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1086" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:55:30.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sports, especially those played professionally, call for the involvement of at least one non-playing person whose role is to impartially interpret and enforce the rules.&#xA;Depending on the sport in question these people can be called &quot;referees&quot;, &quot;umpires&quot;, &quot;judges&quot; or simply &quot;officials&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, sports at the recreational amateur level have fewer officials for cost reasons, while interscholastic, collegiate and professional leagues have more to ensure the game is &quot;called&quot; properly and fairly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stereotypical referee outfit for many sports is a highly-visible black and white vertical striped shirt and long black pants, with additional equipment as may be required for the sport (such as ice skates, shin guards and a helmet for ice hockey) or official's placement on-field (such as a face cage and chest protector for the baseball umpire), and this pattern is seen in most sports at some level. Some sports have other traditional dress for officials, such as a solid white dress shirt and white wide-brimmed hat for cricket, and all-black shirt and slacks for baseball at most levels. Some professional sports leagues that traditionally used striped referee outfits have since changed to other attire to reduce distraction while remaining distinguishable from players; the NBA, for instance, uses a grey shirt with short black sleeves, while other FIBA-sanctioned professional leagues commonly use an orange shirt. In association football, the referees' colors commonly change from game to game, ensuring that the referees are distinguishable from the uniforms of players of both sides (made more difficult in many professional leagues by rules allowing stripes and other patterns on player uniforms, and mandating a contrasting-color uniform for the goalie of each side, requiring the referees' attire to contrast all four uniforms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sports officials use a whistle, usually to signal a stoppage of play. Gridiron football, basketball, association football and hockey variants all use whistles, with most of these also having hand gestures to indicate penalty calls. Gridiron football variants also uses a system of weighted cloth markers called flags to signal penalties (yellow), challenges (red) and ball position (typically black, sometimes blue). Associations football primarily uses a system of flags (of more traditional construction, with a rectangular cloth anchored to a flagstick) and cards (red and yellow) to indicate penalties and changes of possession, which the whistle indicating starts and stoppages in play. Baseball does not use a whistle or flags/markers, with officials relying instead on hand gestures and verbal calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Officials often have traditional positions on-field; sometimes required by the rules, in other situations simply the most efficient place for the officials to be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball requires one umpire at a minimum, located behind the catcher at home plate to make calls (&quot;strike&quot; or &quot;ball&quot;) on pitches. If he is the only official, as seen in youth and recreational leagues, he is also responsible for other calls such as fair or foul balls, safe/out at each base, and keeping score; however, at higher levels of play up to and including Major League Baseball, a up to three additional officials are assigned to each base and are responsible for calls regarding their base and/or baseline, and for handling appeals from the &quot;battery&quot; (pitcher and catcher) on decisions made by the home plate umpire on balls strikes and checked swings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball typically uses one &quot;referee&quot; or &quot;crew chief&quot; and two &quot;umpires&quot;, who all have roughly equal power on the court to whistle fouls and violations occurring anywhere on the court. The officials form a rough triangle on the court, with a &quot;lead official&quot; near the basket, a &quot;center official&quot; at about the free-throw line on the sideline nearest the scoring bench, and a &quot;trailing official&quot; closer to half-court on the opposite sideline. The &quot;lead&quot; and &quot;trailing&quot; officials trade roles when possession changes between the two teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gridiron football uses a cadre of officials, typically at least three in youth leagues and up to seven at the Division I collegiate and professional levels. The head referee wears a white cap and is normally positioned behind the offensive side, with a linesman and line judge positioned on the sideline at either end of the line of scrimmage, an umpire behind the defensive side, and side, field and back judges located further downfield behind the defense on the two sidelines and the center of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ice hockey at the recreational level uses two officials, either both roughly equal in authority or with one &quot;referee&quot; who makes most penalty and goal judgments, and a &quot;linesman&quot; who assists in making offsides calls. At the higher-level amateur leagues, a referee and two linesmen are used, one for each blue line with the referee following play, while the NHL and most other professional leagues now use two referees (leading and trailing) and two linesmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Association football typically uses one referee and two assistant referees, formerly called linesmen. Sometimes a fourth official is used. The assistants are typically assigned to patrol one half of one sideline (touchline) of the field, each beginning at opposite corners, and make judgments of onrushing, out-of-bounds, and any penalty calls occurring in their &quot;quadrant&quot; that the referee cannot see. The referee patrols through the center of the field, in a diagonal line between opposing inside corners of the two penalty boxes, crossing the line formed between the two assistants, always facing the ball and the primary action, and primarily calling penalties and goals. This system is known as the &quot;diagonal system of control&quot; and is nearly universal in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage guidance&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the application and enforcement of rules and regulations by match officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, this tag will go well together with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; tag, except if the question is solely interested in match officials' general behavior or in rule enforcement methods rather than the rules themselves. In these cases &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt; include the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; tag, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18677/what-is-the-upside-in-allowing-players-to-argue-with-referees-in-football&quot;&gt;What is the upside in allowing players to argue with referees in football?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15623/what-do-football-soccer-referees-do-during-halftime&quot;&gt;What do football (soccer) referees do during halftime?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport and/or competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T14:44:02.637" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:44:02.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1087" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:55:30.843" Score="0" Body="Questions about the application and enforcement of rules and regulations by the officials engaged in a sport. Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport and/or competition." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T14:44:02.637" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:44:02.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1088" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:57:12.167" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T16:57:12.167" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T16:57:12.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1089" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:57:12.167" Score="0" Body="For questions regarding scripted, narrowly-scoped activities intended to hone skills and increase physical ability relating to an aspect of a particular sport. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:29:35.550" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:29:35.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-07-02T16:57:35.887" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wands that we are seeing more commonly in football are known informally as &quot;Buzzer Flags&quot; or, more correctly, &quot;Referee Paging Systems&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/asb54.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are designed to alert the referee to his other officials, one of which may need to bring something to his attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a referee may have his back to one of the assistant referees and an off-the-ball incident such as a fight may be going on behind him.  The referee won't notice the assistant however much flag waving he is doing so the assistant referee will alert the referee by &quot;paging&quot; him with his electronic flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In making this alert, the referee's armband or transceiver unit will vibrate and possibly also make an audio alarm in his earpiece.  The devices can be configured so that each official has a different audio tone so that the referee knows which assistant is paging him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This technology works alongside the open communication system also adopted by the officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[This system] allows conference-type communications between 2 to 6 users over 1 km (no limit for the amount of receive only units).&#xA;  The main innovation of the system is the “ open microphone” communication concept; it allows every user to talk when they want, without waiting for their turn and without needing some accessory to start talking (push-to-talk button, Vox system).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, you'll notice from the image I posted that the buzzer flags look like ordinary assistant flags.  In your question, you ask why the 5th and 6th officials have these wands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you'll actually find is that &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; of the officials are adopting these pager and communication systems.  The 5th and 6th officals' wands look more like simply &lt;em&gt;flag-handles&lt;/em&gt;.  This is because there is nothing in the laws of the games catering for flag signals by these two goal-line assistants - therefore they don't have the yellow and red flag fabric on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The assistant referees will accompany their paging by the mandated flag signal as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crescentcomms.com/thekit.html&quot;&gt;Crescent Communications&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ervocom.ch/referee_paging_system.php5&quot;&gt;Ervocom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:19:14.557" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:19:14.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1091" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:00:02.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many sports that allow direct interaction between competitors, preventing the opposing player or team from scoring points is often at least as important as scoring points. The area of the game in which the players attempt to do this is known as their &quot;defense&quot;. Depending on the sport, various defensive strategies have arisen, often with multiple strategies and tactics available as specific counters to an opposing team's style of offensive play. A team's &quot;defense&quot; typically ranges in scope from team composition to player formations to tactics and individual technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sports, there is a distinction made between a style of defense in which each player is responsible for covering all action within a certain portion of the play area, and styles in which each player is responsible for shadowing a specific opposing player. These two opposing styles are known as &quot;zone defense&quot; and &quot;man defense&quot; respectively. Each has strengths and weaknesses depending on the game, the players and the opposing offensive strategy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sports only one such strategy is viable (soccer defense is more or less zone-based; defenders challenge any player with the ball in their area of the field), while in others these are more or less the same thing (Basic ice hockey strategy, for instance, typically involves a rough &quot;X&quot; formation for both sides, with defensemen covering forwards and centers covering each other as they move up and down the rink), while in others the distinction is nonsensical (baseball fielding can be thought of as a &quot;zone defense&quot;, but there is no possible option for &quot;man defense&quot;, as not all of the batting team's players can ever be on the field at once).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T17:35:43.377" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T17:35:43.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1092" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:00:02.180" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to strategies, tactics, player positions and/or special teams intended to prevent an opposing player or team gaining standing in a game relative to one's self or team. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:37:55.100" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:37:55.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1093" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:03:28.133" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:03:28.133" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:03:28.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1094" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:03:28.133" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to the activity of running distances longer than 1 mile (1600m), including recreational jogging, cross-country, 5k, 10k, and marathons. For the specific athletic event of running 26.2 miles along a road or paved path, see &quot;marathon&quot;." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:36:57.427" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:36:57.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1095" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:05:13.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Automobile racing, auto racing for short, is a broad class of motor sports in which land-based, primarily 4-wheeled vehicles and their drivers compete in tests of speed, distance and/or precision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leagues exist for virtually every practical combination of vehicle, terrain and race format. Some of the most popular forms of auto racing include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Formula One&lt;/strong&gt; - Governed by the Italian-based FIA, this class of open-wheel, open-cockpit racing is presented as the premiere test of driving skill and mechanical prowess. The cars are close to if not the most powerful in terms of engine displacement and power, and the drivers are among the best in the world, many of them having earned a spot with a Formula 1 team by demonstrating prowess in other road course leagues including Indy Cars, GT and lower Formula leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NASCAR&lt;/strong&gt; - The National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing is the administrative body behind the Sprint Cup Series, the most popular motor racing league in the United States by spectator audience. The Sprint Cup Series uses closed-wheel cars superficially similar to production full-size sedans and coupes from U.S. factories, but contrary to the term &amp;quot;stock car&amp;quot; the national divisions of the sport have not used factory-built cars for some time. The NASCAR governing body oversees several regional-level competitions that do feature production automobiles with limited modifications allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GT&lt;/strong&gt; - Short for &amp;quot;Gran Turismo&amp;quot; (Grand Touring), this racing class grew out of European upper-class traditions of young men taking a &amp;quot;grand tour&amp;quot; of the continent by car, requiring them to negotiate traditionally narrow, winding European roadways. The genre of luxury sports cars designed to be exceptionally well-suited to this task, from such well-recognized names as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Porsche, Aston-Martin, Jaguar etc eventually began to be pitted against each other in races modeled after the Grand Touring routes. This evolved into what is now known as GT racing, which is governed by several regional and international bodies but centers around road courses driven by competitors in various makes of sports car based on production models available to the public, with varying amounts of modification allowed depending on class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le Mans&lt;/strong&gt; - Derived from a historic 24-hour endurance race for both driver and vehicle, this style of time-based racing encompasses several classes of vehicle, from production-derived &amp;quot;GT&amp;quot; classes up to &amp;quot;prototype&amp;quot; designs that must be closed-wheel, but are otherwise not dissimilar to Formula 1 chassis. Very often, multiple classes of car share the track for the same timed event, and compete for each other tactically for track position while driving but are only compared to others of the same class to determine race and league standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Indy Car&lt;/strong&gt; - An American derivation of the Formula-style open-wheel racing, this class of open-wheel, open-cockpit racing, currently governed by the Indy Racing League, rivals Formula 1 in top speeds. Indy Car races are held on a variety of tracks, from sections of city streets to dedicated road courses to simple oval tracks. Currently the popularity of this series is on the decline in favor of NASCAR which has events on many of the same tracks, though as the cars are open-wheeled, the skill required to gain and maintain position on the track is much higher as even minor contact between cars can cause damage and/or a loss of control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desert Racing&lt;/strong&gt; - This style, with the premiere Baja 1000 event governed by SCORE International, features a wide array of customized vehicles designed for high speed over uneven off-road terrain. The vehicles compete in a series of distance races, often in mid-summer in the American Southwestern/Northern Mexican deserts, making the event grueling for both driver and vehicle. Similar vehicles are also seen in arena races on artificial dirt courses, as well as winter courses carved out of snow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drag Racing&lt;/strong&gt; - This style of racing emphasizes straight-line acceleration along a set distance (often a quarter-mile). This is one of the more popular and accessible forms of racing to average auto enthusiasts, and events range from illegal street races held on deserted rural roads with modified &amp;quot;muscle cars&amp;quot; up to NHRA-sanctioned events using custom-built &amp;quot;funnycars&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;top fuel dragsters&amp;quot; on purpose-built drag strips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rally Racing&lt;/strong&gt; - This is a form of racing nominally compatible with ordinary road traffic, in which teams of drivers in production-derived cars compete to hit a series of checkpoints along a route at specific times from their start time. Deviations from the prescribed checkpoint time, either too early or too late, score penalty points. Races are typically held in &amp;quot;stages&amp;quot;, often punctuated by the most popular type of rally event known as a &amp;quot;zero time&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;time trial&amp;quot; stage in which the &amp;quot;checkpoint time&amp;quot; is zero seconds, and therefore the objective for the drivers is to complete the stage as quickly as possible. Various styles of time trial stage include downhill and uphill climbs (often combined into a single event where the car has to get up a hill, turn around and come back down) as well as paved and dirt variants of traditional road tracks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drift racing&lt;/strong&gt; - This is a showy style of racing in which the cars, similar to GT or Rally production-based models, are equipped with slick, hard-compound tires that slip sideways easily. The cars therefore oversteer more easily, and the drivers in fact maintain a controllable amount of oversteer and even &amp;quot;four-wheel drift&amp;quot; as they negotiate turns. Drift races also typically feature very narrow tracks with tight turns requiring precise control of speed and throttle from the approach through the exit of each turn. The skill required rivals that of open-wheel racing, though the speeds, owing to the lower traction, are much less and therefore the sport tends to be safer for drivers and spectators in the event of a crash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T19:58:15.113" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T19:58:15.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1096" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:05:13.157" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to various automobile racing sports. For questions specifically related to Formula 1 and NASCAR, see the &quot;formula-1&quot; and &quot;nascar&quot; tags respectively." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:28:02.510" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:28:02.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1097" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:08:58.563" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:08:58.563" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:08:58.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1098" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:08:58.563" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the use of inline roller skates, also known as &quot;rollerblades&quot; (Rollerblade is a reserved trademark). For the use of other types of roller skates, see &quot;skating&quot;. For the equipment, see also &quot;skates&quot;." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:37:20.157" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:37:20.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1099" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:20:32.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Commonly used in many sports, a &quot;zone defense&quot; is a defensive strategy in which players are assigned an area of the field, within which they are to engage any opposing player who enters it. This is generally contrasted with a &quot;man-on-man defense&quot; or simply &quot;man defense&quot; in which each player is assigned a specific opposing player to &quot;shadow&quot; or &quot;cover&quot; regardless of where that player may go on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sports in which a &quot;zone defense&quot; is commonly seen include american football, association football, basketball, ice hockey, rugby, lacrosse, and similar sports. In some of these sports, such as hockey, other defensive strategies including man-on-man are not viable, or else the two strategies converge as two players will typically co-occupy the same general &quot;zone&quot; for most of the game, and so the term &quot;zone defense&quot; may not be a part of the general parlance of the game as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:35:30.097" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:35:30.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1100" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:20:32.170" Score="0" Body="For questions generally regarding defensive strategies in which defending players are assigned an area of the field to defend instead of a specific opposing player." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:35:02.420" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:35:02.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1101" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:21:55.693" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:21:55.693" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:21:55.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1102" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:21:55.693" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to the treatment and prevention of physical injury while participating in a sport. Questions should also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:34:33.110" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:34:33.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1103" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:23:42.820" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:23:42.820" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:23:42.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1104" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:23:42.820" Score="0" Body="For questions specifically relating to the international league of association football known as FIFA, which hosts a quadrennial tournament, the FIFA World Cup." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:34:14.717" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:34:14.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1105" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:25:34.317" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T17:25:34.317" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:25:34.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1106" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:25:34.317" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to informal terminology, jargon or other &quot;in-speak&quot; common among practitioners and followers of a particular sport. See also &quot;terminology&quot;. Questions should also be tagged with the specific sport referenced." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:37:17.240" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:37:17.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1107" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:28:24.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many sports, especially ball and goal sports, one player is designated by the team as a &quot;goalkeeper&quot;, often shortened in vernacular to &quot;keeper&quot; or &quot;goalie&quot;. This player is purely defensive at all times; their job is to prevent the ball going into the goal by any means necessary, typically including catching it or blocking it with his body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In association football, the goalie is the only player on a team allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms. They wear special padded, high-friction gloves to aid in catching the ball, and wear a different colored jersey to differentiate them from other players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In hockey, the goalie is allowed to wear special equipment designed to reduce the potential for injury (a hockey slapshot can exceed 100mph) and to increase his effectiveness; specialized equipment includes thick square leg pads, a padded chest and arm protector, a full facemask and throat guard, a catching glove and wide padded blocker glove, and a special, wide-bladed stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In box lacrosse (played in a hockey rink with the ice covered with a hard surface or turf), the goalie has similar function as in hockey and wears similar protective equipment, but of a slightly different design. In traditional field lacrosse, there is no designated goaltender, but four players per team may use a special longer stick designed for defensive play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In certain ball-and-goal sports, the act of defensively preventing a ball going into the goal is actually prohibited; in basketball, &quot;goaltending&quot; is a penalty assessed when a defensive player takes an action to block or redirect a ball that has been shot towards the basket, is on a descending arc, and has not yet fallen below the rim; it is considered a &quot;foul while shooting&quot; entitling the shooting player to free throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T19:35:26.040" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T19:35:26.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1108" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:28:24.063" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to the named position of &quot;goaltender&quot;, &quot;goalkeeper&quot; or simply &quot;goalie&quot; in sports such as association football, ice hockey, lacrosse, field hockey and similar." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:34:21.160" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:34:21.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1109" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:50:03.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, players on the offensive side are not allowed to cross the line of scrimmage or even flinch between two signals made by the play caller (usually the quarterback); a &quot;set&quot; command, and the moment the ball is actually snapped (whether or not a signal to snap the ball is made audibly). The exception is that one player outside the two tackles may go &quot;in motion&quot; during this time to change their position along the line of scrimmage, and the play caller may signal this to occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In track running and in competitive swimming, a &quot;false start&quot; occurs when a player comes off the starting block before the starter's pistol has fired. The race is aborted and competitors return to the starting blocks. Excessive motion or flinching while at the start line may also trigger a false start call. In most levels of these competitions, a single false start will disqualify the competitor, but the decision to formally charge a competitor with a false start is discretionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In certain forms of auto racing that employ a standing start, a &quot;false start&quot; occurs when a competitor's car moves from a standstill and/or crosses the front line of their starting bracket on the track before the green light is given. This is seen in most classes of FIA-sanctioned autosports, including Formula 1 and Formula 2 racing, most GT classes, most motorcycle classes, and in NHRA drag racing. In forms of racing that use a moving start (Indy Car, NASCAR), a &quot;false start&quot; may be charged to a competitor who crosses the start line ahead of someone in a higher position, triggering a penalty and/or disqualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T18:57:18.933" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T18:57:18.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1110" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:50:03.460" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to occasions in which a competitor moves between a &quot;set&quot; signal and a &quot;start&quot; signal. Common in American football, foot racing, competitive swimming and some forms of auto racing such as drag racing." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T18:57:26.877" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T18:57:26.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1111" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T18:33:09.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A base runner in baseball is someone on the offensive side who was at-bat and as a result is now on one of the three infield bases. The circumstances may be any one of the following: batting the ball into play and reaching base safely, hitting a ground rule double (the ball hits the ground in play and then bounces over the back fence or wall), reaching base on an error by the defense, being walked (having four balls pitched before three strikes incurred), being hit by a pitch, or reaching base after the catcher failed to catch the third strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While on base, players attempt to advance through the bases from first to second and third, before reaching home plate to score. Players advance in two general situations; by being forced to advance, or at their discretion. A player is forced to advance whenever the batter is entitled to a base and there are no empty bases between that base and the runner's current base. The most common situation is when a ball is batted into play by the batter; players must advance, and can be &quot;forced out&quot; by a defenseman touching the base the runner must move to while holding the ball before the runner touches it. Other situations include a home run, ground rule double, walk, or hit by pitch; in all of these situations the runners advance &quot;safely&quot;, without fear of being tagged out. Another situation in which players may advance safely is a &quot;balk&quot;, an illegal motion by the pitcher intending to trick baserunners into thinking he will pitch the ball (and thus possibly into running for the next base). On a balk, all runners advance one base (a runner on third base comes home to score) and the batter remains at bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When advancing at their discretion, players must be tagged out by touching them with the ball (or a glove containing the ball) and the ball must not leave the player's hand when tagging them. Situations in which this can happen include when the ball is put in play and there is a base available for the batter, but the base runner decides to advance anyway, or when the base runner decides to &quot;steal&quot; a base by running when the ball is &quot;live&quot; but the batter has not put it in play (usually while the pitcher is in the process of pitching the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:38:05.413" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:38:05.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1112" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T18:33:09.680" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to the sport of baseball, regarding players who have reached a base safely and are attempting to advance on the bases and reach home plate to score." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:28:37.780" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:28:37.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1113" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T18:36:13.873" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T18:36:13.873" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T18:36:13.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1114" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T18:36:13.873" Score="0" Body="For questions about statistical or other mathematical analysis of players and teams to identify potential advantages or opportunities. The term is most commonly used with regard to baseball, but other sports (e.g. American football) can benefit from similar analysis." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:36:35.133" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:36:35.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1065" CreationDate="2012-07-02T18:54:16.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Am I doing something wrong in my grip causing premature wear? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you pressing your thumb on the grip of the club as hard as you could? I can see friction playing a factor there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, I would visit a local golf pro and see what s/he has to say about your grip and why your gloves wear prematurely. S/he can do a lot more to help you in person than I can online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would a more expensive glove last longer, or just waste money on &quot;better feel&quot; (for the first round before it stiffens)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have used two pairs of gloves, a Nike DuraFeel and a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footjoy.com/catalog/productview.asp?c=44&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FootJoy WeatherSof&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used the DuraFeel for about two years (approx. 10 rounds and 25 visits to the range). It did get stiff and dirty, but it is still useable (if I wanted to use it today, I could). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the past two years (same approx.), I have used the WeatherSof. It is the best glove I ever used. It is very breatheable and more durable than the DuraFeel. In fact, it doesn't feel stiff at all after how long I've used it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both gloves cost around $10-15 USD. Therefore, I would not recommend purchasing a more expensive glove (unless a local golf pro recommends otherwise).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T19:04:27.533" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T19:04:27.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1117" CreationDate="2012-07-02T19:47:54.813" Score="15" ViewCount="36490" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure but if I remember correctly the NFL teams play 15-16 games during regular season and a couple more in the play-offs if they can make it the whole way. Why such a short season, in comparison to other leagues such as NBA where teams play 82 games in regular season and playoffs are usually a few games each round (best of 5-7-7-7)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T11:54:25.887" Title="Why is NFL season significantly shorter compared to most other sports?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:18:21.137" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The physicality of the NFL is much greater than those of the NBA and MLB for example. Football is one of the most strenuous sports, and is much more of a full contact sport. When you are coming into physical contact as much as NFL players do, then you are more likely to fatigue and be at a higher risk of injury. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players need a break to rehab from injuries, get ready for the off-season, training camp, and the preseason. The human body can only take so much, especially and when you practice several days a week, and play full contact once a week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA for example, players do not have to worry about being tackled by a 300+ pound lineman from play to play. It is illegal to tackle an opponent in the NBA....that's not to say there's no physical contact. However, compared to the NFL and the sport of football, the NBA and the sport of basketball have much less physical contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within the sport of football, a kicker has a longer lifespan than a runningback. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A kicker isn't involved in every play and their main focus is to kick the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A runningback is involved with more plays and their main focus is to get by (whether by speed, or using their strength to fend off defenders) the defense. Therefore, a runningback faces more physical contact than a kicker.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-14T15:00:58.587" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T15:00:58.587" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1118" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:35:38.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Etiquette is generally synonymous with &quot;manners&quot;, and defines the expected behavior of participants in a particular game, be it the players, coaches, referees, other officials, and even spectators. These rules are typically informal; however officials may be given power to penalize teams or players for serious etiquette violations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, players of any game are expected to treat other players and officials with respect, although the amount of decorum varies widely. The same generally applies to spectators. Players violating this interpersonal relationship may be penalized or removed from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf in particular has a well-recognized set of etiquette guidelines that players are expected to follow, the most common of which are printed in the rulebook as a preface to the strict rules. These do not carry any set penalty, but the rules do empower the governing &quot;committee&quot; overseeing a competition to disqualify a player who makes any serious breach of etiquette or otherwise takes any action that violates &quot;the spirit of the game&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:37:39.937" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:37:39.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1119" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:35:38.100" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to the expected behaviors of players, officials and other &quot;involved&quot; individuals or groups during play of a game, that are not required by the actual rules of the game itself." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:29:48.357" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:29:48.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2012-07-03T21:22:05.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is the argument that because football is very physical on the players, having the season much longer is not reasonable.  That's part of the reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They could obviously work around this by playing less often but over a longer period of time, but that would confuse the schedule (which is a strength they have over other sports).  Or they could sign more players, which would increase costs, but television revenue and ticket sales are good, so the problem might rather be that there aren't that many more good players available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They can't start the season much earlier.  The NFL relies heavily on integrating college drafts into the teams, and the college players aren't going to be fully available until they have concluded their studies around April.  Many NFL teams have in the past shared stadiums with baseball teams (not so much anymore), and so adding more games before October would create scheduling difficulties.  And television networks don't want to show high-value programming during the slow summer months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They can't end the season much later.  First of all, you don't want to move the Super Bowl from its established location.  Also, football is traditionally an outdoor sport that's at home in the north, and the weather dictates that you shouldn't play too many games between January and March.  They do play the occasional playoff game in the snow, but you don't want that every week.  Then, in February, you have the Winter Olympic Games to contend with every four years, and in March baseball season gets slowly going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So all things considered, the current setup is the sweet spot that works for the sport and the league.  They could probably expand it, but only a bit without diluting the product.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T21:22:05.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1122" CreationDate="2012-07-04T12:22:49.280" Score="22" ViewCount="104973" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do Olympic soccer teams need to be under the age of 23?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any exceptions about age restriction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any differences between men and women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:31:02.453" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T07:31:02.453" Title="Why do Olympic soccer teams need to be U-23?" Tags="|rules|football|olympics|fifa|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1121" CreationDate="2012-07-04T12:22:49.560" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed Olympic football rules are different for men and women tournament and preliminary (qualifying) and final (Olympics) competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Men’s Tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All players participating in the preliminary and final competitions of the Tournament shall be born on or after 1 January 1989.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;However,  a maximum of  three male players who do not meet this age limit may&#xA;also be included in the official list of players for the &lt;strong&gt;finals&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Women’s Tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are no age restrictions for the players participating in the women’s  Tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Please note that the men over 23 can only play at the Olympic finals, &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; the preliminary or qualifying rounds.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/33/73/30/regulationsoft2012_update10.15.10_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: Regulations of the Olympic Football Tournaments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little bit of history:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 1984 Los Angeles Games, the IOC decided to admit professional&#xA;players.   FIFA still did not want the Olympics to rival the World&#xA;Cup, so a compromise was struck that allowed teams from Africa, Asia,&#xA;Oceania, and CONCACAF to field their strongest professional sides,&#xA;while restricting UEFA and CONMEBOL teams to players who had not&#xA;played in a World Cup.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Many countries fielded young teams, including&#xA;France, who won the 1984 Olympic title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 1992 male competitors must be under 23 years old, with three over-23 players  allowed per squad. The new format allows teams from around the world to compete&#xA;equally, and African countries have taken particular advantage of&#xA;this, with Nigeria and Cameroon winning in 1996 and 2000 respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first women's tournament was at the 1996 Atlanta Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T08:15:01.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1124" CreationDate="2012-07-05T07:35:16.417" Score="2" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;Congratulations to Steve Nash on his move to Lakers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2012/news/07/04/steve-nash-to-lakers.ap/index.html#?ls=iref%3anbahpt1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;via a sign and trade&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His contract with the Suns has expired so I don't understand why he moved in a sign-and-trade deal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why resign and move in trade? Why didn't the Lakers sign Nash without any trade?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-29T14:28:55.967" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T14:46:06.810" Title="Why has Steve Nash moved to the LA Lakers in sign-and-trade deal?" Tags="|basketball|nba|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1123" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:38:45.583" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically a sign and trade is a maneuver that is used by teams and players to allow a player to make more money than he would have otherwise been able to make by just signing a contract with his new team. NBA teams (particularly the ones like the Heat and Lakers that have several max contracts), live on the edge or even past the salary cap, so there are serious restrictions on how much they can pay players acquired in free agency. Sign and Trade is a way to allow these players to make the money they have earned, and allow teams with max contracts to actually fill out their rosters (and make competitive offers to appealing free agents like Nash). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the Nash trade, the Lakers would only be able to offer him a starting salary of (likely) about 3 million through the mid-level exception. However, by trading for Nash they are able to use the trade exception they received last year for Lamar Odom to account for Nash's salary. This allows the Lakers to pay Nash 27 million over the next 3 years. In contrast, Toronto has salary cap flexibility and offered Nash 36 million over 3 out right. Sign and Trade allowed the Lakers to make a competitive offer to Nash rather than a pittance of the mid-level exception. Nash weighed the opportunities (better team, closer to his family in Pheonix, leaving the Suns with some assets) vs cost (giving up $9 million in the next 3 years, getting to play in his home country of Canada) and decided that the Lakers were the better deal. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/sports/articles/2012/07/04/20120704phoenix-suns-send-steve-nash-los-angeles-lakers-sign--trade-deal.html&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T11:38:45.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1126" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:50:29.687" Score="13" ViewCount="6439" Body="&lt;p&gt;As much as I am into sports, I really have no knowledge about basketball, perhaps due to the low-profile of the sport in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, today I've been reading up a little on the subject and have a question related to the NBA player draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_%28sports%29#NBA_Draft&quot;&gt;This wiki article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the NBA holds a draft lottery to determine who chooses first. The top three picks are allocated by chance among the 14 teams that did not make the playoffs the year before. This discourages a team from losing on purpose to get a better draft pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has a team actually done this (lost on purpose) before?  Surely there'd be disadvantages to this that far outweigh the advantage gained in getting the best draftees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T04:19:07.523" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T07:52:25.957" Title="Has a team ever lost on purpose to get better draft picks?" Tags="|basketball|team-dynamics|transaction|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1125" CreationDate="2012-07-05T12:32:12.147" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The lottery system makes it very difficult to effectively tank your season in the NBA. Basically no matter how bad you are, there is always a chance that you will not get one of the top 3 picks (in fact, the worst team in the league has rarely been awarded the top draft pick). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nba_draft_lottery&quot;&gt;Here are the odds&lt;/a&gt; that the worst team in the NBA gets a pick at or better than the current pick, starting with pick 1. (assuming 2 teams do not tie for the worst record)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First pick: 25% &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second pick: 46.5%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Third pick: 64.3%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fourth Pick: 100% (if the worst team in the league does not get one of the top 3 picks, they are automatically awarded the 4th pick). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the fourth pick is still a pretty good player, and there is a pretty good chance that you are going to get the second or third pick. However, depending on the draft it may not be the kind of no-brainer that the top pick often is. Therefore tanking in the NBA is only a good strategy if you believe the draft is good enough that the top 3-4 players in the draft are potential franchise defining players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question of &quot;has any team ever purposely tanked&quot; is an incredibly difficult one. Plenty of teams give up and trade major pieces at the trade deadline in both basketball and baseball. However, no player would admit to playing less than 100%, and coaches are often fired if their team performs poorly, regardless of the players they have on the team, so it's not in their best interest. So while management can, and will put teams in positions to fail, the players and coaches usually try to do everything they can to not be that last place team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A great example of this is interviews with Indianapolis Colts players this past year, they knew they were bad, and would be assured a new franchise QB if they had the worst record, but they also knew their jobs were at stake if they didn't at least try their hardest. And at the end of the year when they were the worst team in the league. Despite the fact that they were in position to draft a brand new franchise quarter back, they fired their GM. The players, coaches and management reiterated time and again that &quot;there is no suck for Luck going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing that goes into the equation of whether or not to tank is the question of what do you owe the folks that pay the bills. Namely your fans and your television and radio contracts. If you trade away your best players, is the product that you put out on the floor for the last 30-40 games of the season worth the (often obscene) ticket cost your fans are paying? If they stop showing up because you are awful this year, will they re-up their season tickets next year? Even if you only get the 4th pick of the draft? Will your TV and Radio partners give you a poorer contract when it comes time to re-up if they know that you have a tendency to throw a season away for potential draft picks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, it's an incredibly hard decision for management and ownership when it comes to the trade deadline about whether or not to trade away your best players and play for picks. But (at least on the public face) it's always a clear choice for players and coaches, play as hard as you can and try to win the games that you can. Unless as a coach you have a clear direction from management to sit your best players in the final couple of games, you will be trying to win what games you can so that you might actually get to keep your job at the end of the year. And as a player you're interest is in making sure that you put yourself in the best position to continue playing your sport, which means playing as well as you possible can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T12:32:12.147" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1125" CreationDate="2012-07-05T12:43:20.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is Yes!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;but there is no real proof for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest one for proofing it was John Lucas, former Cavs coach, who said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;They trade all our guys away and we go real young, and the goal was&#xA;to get LeBron and also to sell the team,'' Lucas told AOL FanHouse. &amp;quot;I&#xA;didn't have a chance. ... You can't fault the Cavaliers for wanting to&#xA;get LeBron. It was hard to get free agents to come there.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lucas said he was ordered to play young players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Guard Ricky Davis, who was a member of that Cavs team and is now a&#xA;member of the Clippers, said that Lucas was in a no-win situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;It was tough on [Lucas],'' Davis told AOL Fanhouse. &amp;quot;They were&#xA;forcing him to lose and I know it's nothing he wanted to do. It's just&#xA;the position he was forced in. But it's tough. ... It worked, whatever&#xA;they did [to get James] so it's hard to knock them. They got what they&#xA;wanted. But it was hard on Luke.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=4825853&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another team that are candidate as an answer to your question is this year Golden State Warriors team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In their most recent loss against the New Orleans Hornets, the&#xA;Warriors' starting lineup consisted of four rookies and Richard&#xA;Jefferson. Stephen Curry, David Lee and Andris Biedrins, three of&#xA;their regular starters, were sidelined with injuries. Nate Robinson&#xA;and Dorell Wright, their other starters, did not play due to a&#xA;&amp;quot;coach's decision.&amp;quot; In that same game, head coach Mark Jackson benched&#xA;Klay Thompson, their only respectable offensive threat, in favor of&#xA;playing the other rookies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1160424-golden-state-warriors-why-the-warriors-tanking-is-hurting-the-nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also advice you to read this interesting article about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailynexus.com/2012-04-25/art-tanking/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;The Art of Tanking&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T12:43:20.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1128" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T14:57:15.697" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T14:57:15.697" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T14:57:15.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1129" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T14:57:15.697" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to the sport of archery; target shooting using a bow and arrow." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T17:51:07.143" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T17:51:07.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1065" CreationDate="2012-07-05T15:56:10.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I usually use the same golf glove for a full season (Mar-Oct). I have used Mizuno, Nike and FootJoy gloves in the past and have managed to get a full year out of them - although the Nike one was the worse for wear by the end of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering they are around £10 I would expect them to last a full season of moderate use (for me that's 2/3 rounds per month).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="605" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T15:56:10.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1131" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T16:09:12.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In association football (soccer), a player is &quot;offside&quot; when he is on the half of the field containing the opponent's goal, the ball is not between him and the goal line, and there are fewer than two opposing players (including the goalie) between him and the goal line. Being offside is not illegal in itself; however a penalty is called on the offside player if that player is or becomes a part of &quot;active play&quot;; as defined by FIFA, that is &quot;interfering with play, interfering with an opponent, or otherwise gaining an advantage by being in that position&quot; when the ball is touched or played by one of his team. An offense does not occur if an offside player receives the ball directly from a goal kick, corner kick or throw-in. The penalty for being offsides, sometimes called onrushing, is a free kick by the non-offending team at the point where the offense occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American football, a player on the defensive side is &quot;offside&quot; if, at the time the ball is snapped by the offense to begin play, the player has crossed the line of scrimmage. A similar penalty is called encroachment, and occurs if any player on the defensive side crosses the line before the snap and makes contact with an opposing player, or in some leagues when the player lines up inside the &quot;neutral zone&quot; (basically with any part of their body in front of the nearest tip of the football as spotted). The penalty for both is 5 yards; the difference is that in case of an offsides, the play is allowed to proceed and the offense has the option to decline the penalty, while encroachment is a &quot;dead ball&quot; foul similar to a false start, and the play is stopped and the penalty automatically enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, the rule governing offsides is &quot;the puck must precede the player across the blue line into the attacking zone&quot;. A team moving the puck towards their opponents' goal is offside if any player on that team has both skates fully inside the blue line before the puck has fully crossed the blue line. Offsides is not called if the offending player is in possession of the puck and is skating backwards across the line. On an offsides call, play is stopped, and a face-off occurs on the face-off dot just outside the blue line closest to where the puck was located at the time of the offense. This used to be an instantaneous call, but now it is a delayed call; if a player enters offside, play is stopped only when the offending team has possession of the puck. If the puck crosses the line while the offending team is not in possession, the players may cancel the penalty by &quot;clearing the zone&quot;; all players must simultaneously be positioned with at least one skate outside the blue line, and may then proceed back into the zone &quot;onside&quot; provided the puck is still in that zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T17:51:10.857" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T17:51:10.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1132" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T16:09:12.637" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to an illegal progression across the field of play. The term is most commonly associated with association football, American football, and ice hockey. Questions should also be tagged with the specific sport referenced." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T17:51:14.880" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T17:51:14.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1125" CreationDate="2012-07-05T16:28:42.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, tanking has happened in the NBA. In fact, a notorious tanking example was one of the causes of the draft lottery being instituted in the first place. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/truehoop/post/_/id/40780/when-tankers-tell-the-truth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do we have a draft lottery? Because of what happened in 1984.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his book “Tip-Off,” a thorough account of the pivotal 1984 NBA&#xA;draft, Filip Bondy dedicates a chapter to tanking entitled “Embracing&#xA;Defeat.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As reported by Bondy, it was Frank Layden, the former Utah Jazz coach,&#xA;who spilled the beans on the Rocket science: &amp;quot;They were losing on&#xA;purpose. That was told to me by one of their executives, that it was a&#xA;business decision. &lt;strong&gt;And that’s why we went to the lottery system.&#xA;It’s still going on a little bit today, anyway.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bondy writes: &amp;quot;The NBA’s image suffered a severe blow that spring from&#xA;all the suspicious losing. … &lt;strong&gt;The league was so concerned about the&#xA;perceived chicanery that its board of governors instituted a lottery&#xA;system weeks after the 1984 draft to assure such nonsense would never&#xA;happen again.&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then again: As we’ve seen above, the lottery does not assure that&#xA;tanking ended in 1984. Not even close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article goes on to note a few other examples that occurred after the draft lottery was put in place - the Spurs being able to draft Tim Duncan was one example. @Dor also notes the 2011-12 Golden State Warriors season - they were able to keep their 7th overall pick by tanking in the second half of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lottery now makes tanking more difficult - a team can't be assured of the top pick, but can maximize its chance of getting the top pick by putting forth less than its best effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T16:28:42.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2012-07-05T17:50:51.107" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today FIFA approved using Goal-line technology in soccer!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football's lawmakers have taken the historic step of unanimously&#xA;approving goal-line technology systems for use in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World soccer's global governing body FIFA and the International Football&#xA;Association Board (IFAB) made the announcement following a meeting in&#xA;Zurich on Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA intend for goal-line technology to be used at&#xA;December's Club World Cup in Japan, and if successful it will also be&#xA;implemented at the 2013 African Cup of Nations and the 2014 World Cup&#xA;in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two systems, designed by technology companies GoalRef and&#xA;Hawk-Eye, have been approved after going through two phases of FIFA&#xA;testing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a successful implementation of Goal-Line Technology (GLT) at the&#xA;FIFA Club World Cup in Japan in December 2012, FIFA has decided to use&#xA;GLT at the FIFA Confederations Cup Brazil 2013 and 2014 FIFA World Cup&#xA;Brazil™.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see demonstration of this technology at the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/BWpPGYn36Sw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/05/sport/football/goal-line-technology-fifa-football/index.html?hpt=isp_c1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/qualityprogramme/news/newsid=2014983/index.html?intcmp=fifacom_hp_module_about_fifa&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-04-04T12:38:21.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2012-07-06T00:31:10.067" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of the reason has to do with tradition. Football has always been a once a week event sport, and hockey, baseball and basketball have always been every night grind type sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isn't really a reason that football games couldn't be played twice a week, these guys are supposed to be world class athletes. Yes the game would change, and yes the quality of play would diminish, but only until the league and the athletes in the league adjusted. But the NFL and college games have built up as a once a week event and as such they have developed their revenue model around it being a once a week sporting event (baseball, basketball and hockey teams don't build 70-100k fan arenas anymore because they can't fill them every night, football teams do because they can fill them once a week). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't feel like there is a physical reason that the NFL could not play games more regularly, rather, the way they have built up their brand, and their infrastructure, they need to maintain the relative scarcity of their games. It is no coincidence that the once a week, 16 game schedule league has every single game broadcast on TV, not by home team announcers, but by national, professional broadcasters. It's no coincidence that many of the teams in the NFL can rather easily fill a 70,000 seat arena. They have built their brands around the once a week event, and adding any more games (especially a second game a week) would only serve to dilute the brand and infrastructure that they have built.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, MLB, the NBA and the NHL have managed to do quite well with more local coverage of their teams, with more games, and with infrastructure that accommodates their more protracted schedules (In fact infrastructure and broadcasting contracts is a major reason that the NBA is not considering permanently shortening their schedule to the 62 game season that they played this past year). The fact is that all of these sports would have a potentially &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; products if they played fewer games. Imagine if your local baseball team played every 5 days and your ace got to throw every game. Imagine if basketball teams got to have fresh legs for every game of the season. Imagine if your local hockey club was able to shorten their lines to only 2 shifts, because they only played once or twice a week. (the argument against doing this would come strongly from baseball and basketball in that both are arguably rhythm sports where if you don't practice regularly you could potentially lose your hitting or shooting touch)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, Football plays 16 games because of history. That history has led them to develop their brand and infrastructure (both physical, and contractual) around a scarce product(16 game season), rather than a plentiful one (162 game season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T00:31:10.067" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1136" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1365" CreationDate="2012-07-06T18:22:10.240" Score="8" ViewCount="780" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Question&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can V-grooves replicate the performance of U-grooves via golf technology? In other words: How does golf technology compensate for the &quot;groove rule&quot; for golf clubs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Information&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/news/2008/August/USGA-Announces-Rules-Changes-On-Golf-Club-Grooves/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;United States Golf Association&lt;/a&gt; (USGA) implemented a &quot;groove rule&quot; for golf clubs effective January 1, 2010. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule allows only V-grooves (and similar conformed grooves) to be used in competitions on The PGA Tour, the European PGA Tour, the LPGA, the PGA of America and the International Federation of PGA Tours. U-grooves previously conformed to regulations, but no longer do with this new rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A reason for the implementation of this new rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Our research shows that the rough has become less of a challenge for&#xA;  the highly skilled professional and that driving accuracy is now less&#xA;  of a key factor for success,&quot; said USGA Senior Technical Director Dick&#xA;  Rugge. &quot;We believe that these changes will increase the challenge of&#xA;  the game at the Tour level, while having a very small effect on the&#xA;  play of most golfers.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Information on U-grooves and V-grooves:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/01R0D.gif&quot; alt=&quot;U-grooves&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VUlF6.gif&quot; alt=&quot;V-grooves&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The research undertaken and published by the USGA and The R&amp;amp;A&#xA;  demonstrates that for shots from the rough with urethane-covered balls&#xA;  (the type of ball most used by highly skilled players), modern,&#xA;  sharp-edged U-grooves result in higher ball spin rates and steeper&#xA;  ball landing angles than the V-groove designs used predominantly in&#xA;  the past. The combination of a higher spin rate and steeper landing&#xA;  angle results in better control when hitting to the green. Shots from&#xA;  the rough become more similar to shots from the fairway, creating less&#xA;  challenge for shots from the rough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T22:58:32.213" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T14:16:30.120" Title="How does golf technology compensate for the &quot;groove rule&quot; for golf clubs?" Tags="|equipment|golf|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1138" CreationDate="2012-07-06T19:15:26.283" Score="6" ViewCount="1164" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2008, Speedo launched the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZR_Racer&quot;&gt;LZR Racer&lt;/a&gt;, a high-tech swimwear.  Since high-tech swimwear were launched, over 130 world records have been broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/H2O/&quot;&gt;FINA&lt;/a&gt;, the International Swimming Federation, banned full-body length and high-tech swimwear starting in 2010. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The LZR Racer used a &quot;high-technology swimwear fabric composed of woven elastane-nylon and polyurethane.&quot; How do fabrics, impermeability, buoyancy, and swimwear length enhance a swimmer's performance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T19:21:02.760" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T20:07:59.613" Title="How do fabrics, impermeability, buoyancy, and swimwear length enhance a swimmer's performance?" Tags="|equipment|swimming|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1137" CreationDate="2012-07-06T20:01:11.663" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fabrics&lt;/strong&gt; are used to improve shape retention to reduce vibration, and increase muscle compression to retain muscle shape to reduce fatigue and power loss. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;High-tech swimwear transforms a &quot;less than perfect&quot; physique into an ideal physique for swimming. Also, seams in high-tech swimwear are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding&quot;&gt;ultrasonically welded&lt;/a&gt; rather than stitched, to further promote the streamline effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impermeability&lt;/strong&gt; reduces friction between water and the fabric, and also reduces drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speedo added polyurethane panels that repelled water. Reducing aerodynamic properties increases a swimmer's speed in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Buoyancy&lt;/strong&gt; elevates a swimmer higher in the water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some swimmers wore two articles of high-tech swimwear to achieve a buoyant effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swimwear length:&lt;/strong&gt; Full-body length swimwear covers more surface area of the body. This works hand-in-hand with fabrics to achieve the compressive, impermeable, and buoyant benefits of high-tech swimwear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T20:07:59.613" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T20:07:59.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="605" CreationDate="2012-07-07T04:03:24.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer requires knowing only 1 piece of information: &lt;strong&gt;who served first in the set that went to the tiebreak?&lt;/strong&gt; The other player will always serve first in the next set.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Why? Connect 2 simple facts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fact 1) The player that served first in this set will necessarily be the first to serve in the tiebreak.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fact 2) The player that serves first in the tiebreak, irrespective of the tiebreaker outcome, will return (i.e. NOT serve) in the first game of the next set.&lt;sup&gt;&amp;dagger;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combining fact 1 and 2:  If you serve first in a set that goes to a tiebreak, your opponent will ALWAYS serve first in the next set.       &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KISS: Keep It Simple Stupid&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A lot of other explanations make it so confusing. It's easy: The player that serves first in a set that goes to tiebreak, will never serve first in the next set. The outcome of the tiebreak has nothing to do with this. You only need to know who served first in the set that went to a tiebreak to know who will serve first in the next set. It is always the OTHER player, always.       &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;dagger;&lt;/sup&gt; Some people ask why fact 2 is true, which is an entirely different question. But it is worth addressing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A simple rule to remember is that Players can never serve in consecutive games. Starting at 0-0, once you get to 6-6, it is necessarily the turn of the player who served first in the set to then serve first in the tiebreak. And since the tiebreak is considered a service game in-and-of-itself, and is served first by the same player who served first in the set, the next game after the tiebreak is the first game of the next set. And this must be served by the other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="609" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T15:10:00.253" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T15:10:00.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="289" CreationDate="2012-07-07T13:05:33.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like both answers by Dan Wolfgang and Ross Millikan so far, but they're not complete. I'd like to try:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Length&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you already stated and Dan elaborated on, length provides speed and better tracking (keeping direction). Better tracking also improves stability. If waves hit you from a 90 degree angle (sideways) you can very easily capsize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hull shape&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A flat, round shape of the hull often used in agile kayaks for small rivers makes the kayak more manouverable, provides less tracking, and thus makes life harder. There're so called first and second points of stability. The second point determines at which angle the boat will capsize. V-shapes are optimal for both tracking and a good second point of stability. However, they are bad on the first point of stability. What this means is that the kayak will immediately feel &quot;tippy&quot; and beginners feel uncomfortable in them because of fearing to tip over. But, the actual point of tipping over is often much further out in V-shaped kayaks than with other shapes on the market. Look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://topkayaker.net/Articles/Instruction/HullDesign.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;topkayaker.net&lt;/a&gt; for a good visual description, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak#Primary_and_secondary_stability&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; explanation of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Buoyancy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is Ross' main point: The ability to stay afloat. This serves two purposes: It helps to stay out of the water, and once you've capsized the kayak must not sink, so you have an island of safety hopefully with the option of getting in again. As Ross pointed out, for this to work properly sea-kayaks must have at least two sealed compartments. When buying a boat (new or used) always test the compartments: Put some paper towels into all compartments, close all hatches, wade into shallow water, and push the bow under water and hold for a minute or so. It helps to put some weight into the compartments. Ensure the hatch is ~30cm under water level to build up some water pressure. Then repeat with stern. Then tip over the kayak so that the place where you'd normally sit in fills up with water. Again push bow and then stern under water. Pull the boat to shore, carefully open the hatches without spilling water from their seals or lids into the compartments, and check the paper towels and look inside the compartments. A few drops here and there are okay. Soaken paper or half a liter of water inside are not. If you capsize in the ocean, you do this for a reason: conditions are rough. So you boat must be able to support you for an hour or longer. If it's full with water, all compartments broken, it might sink, and you're in even deeper trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Volume&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Important for multi-day tours. Always pack lightly. Still you do need water, food, spare clothes, and some gear for sleeping &amp;amp; cooking. Whatever you take, put it into water proof bags (&quot;roll bags&quot;) Sea water is agressive and even stainless steel will rust eventually. Depending on your need for &quot;luxury&quot; (chairs, some take foldable bikes, ...) you need a bigger boat. Packing stuff on top of the kayak is not an option because of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wind&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your boat or your luggage provides too much of a silhouette for the wind to attack, this makes keeping your direction harder. You certainly will want a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rudder&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In whatever way this is implemented a sea-kayak should have some way to trim your direction. This can be the typical and simple external rudder mounted to the back with two pedals used as feet rests for steering and an additional rope to pull up or down into the water, or the older skeg that hides beneath the bow.&#xA;On rivers, some actually frown upon on people using a rudder instead of just adjusting paddle strokes and/or tilting/tipping the kayak to ease it around curves. However on the sea it's been used differently: Wind almost always moves you sideways to some extent, and so you already have to offset you direction of paddling to compensate and reach your wanted point of destination. To make this easier you use rudder or skeg to trim your boat. Depending on the length of the tour this is not just a matter of convenience but a matter of physical exhaustion and thus safety. Always take a boat with a steering/trimming facility. If you don't need it, it's ok. But on that particular day, you'll be happy you've got it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equipment (Compass, bilge pump, life jacket, paddle float, clothing)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sea-kayaks are not complete without a compass and a bilge pump. If you know the area well you might get by without the compass. And some insist they never fall in and if they do their sponge is enough to get water out. If you've ever capsized and actually have managed to get in again, you know how long it takes to get all the water out with a sponge. So imagine handling the sponge with one hand, while trying to not tip over again with one-handed paddling. In rough water. 50cm wave. Gusts of wind. No fun. A manual bilge pump at least shortens the time. Several people build electrical pumps into their kayaks with the added problem of having to tightly seal off the battery and all electrical parts against sea water while at the same time allowing charging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to get back into your kayak, you need a paddle float (or be very very talented). It's a inflatable wrapper you put around one end of the paddle, pump it up by breathing into the valve. Then fasten the other end of the paddle beneath some ropes on your boat's deck and eh voila - you've got an outrigger. Practice getting out, and back in with your own kayak and paddle float. Once it works, do a practice run with friends on a small lake in adverse conditions. Ensure you're doing it where the wind pushes you against the shore, not away. Safety first!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A life jacket is essential to help keep you afloat should you not manage to get into the water. It's also practical because it helps keep you warm, they have pockets for quick release knifes or a camera. They have hooks and loops again for a camera, for emergency whistles or for attaching e.g. a cow tail with a line to be able to tow someone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;User &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/167/bitoff&quot;&gt;BitOff&lt;/a&gt; commented that gloves can be helpful to keep temperature and also reduce fatigue in the fingers and lower arms. Gloves also come in a variant that wraps around the paddle, so that your fingers have direct contact to the paddle, and everything is wrapped together (do an image search for &quot;paddle gloves&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not going in depth into all sorts of clothing issues. But I do want to point out that generally, for safety reasons, when paddling on open water (large rivers, any lake, or ocean) one should dress for keeping warm in the water. Often enough that means either Neoprene or a Dry-Suit is advocated. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.shipwrite.bc.ca/Chilling_truth.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hypothermia is a real risk to your life (read-&gt;understand-&gt;act)&lt;/a&gt;. While paddling on our small river (almost no current, 5m wide) in autumn, winter, and early spring, the water temperature is close to 4 deg Celsius and thus I wear a drysuit, and a neoprene cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything else I forgot? Pls comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T07:11:14.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1040" CreationDate="2012-07-07T20:39:46.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hockey, a shot is ruled a &quot;shot on goal&quot; if the puck would cross the plane created by the net and goal line. If a goaltender/player is there to block the shot from crossing the plane, it is counted as a shot on goal. In the case of a puck hitting the crossbar, it is not regarded as a shot on goal since the frame of the net is not regarded as part of the plane. It constitutes a missed shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting with the 1998-99 season, the NHL began expanded the statistics it tracks regarding on-ice actions, such as blocked shots, missed shots, time on ice, etc. This information is available in each game's event summary. Below is an example from Game 6 of the 2012 Stanley Cup Finals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20112012/ES030416.HTM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20112012/ES030416.HTM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a fan wanted to see the equivalent of soccer's &quot;shots taken&quot; they would simply have to add up the number of attempts blocked (A/B), missed shots (MS) and shots on goal (S). Using the above reference as an example, the New Jersey Devils took 38 shots, while the Los Angeles Kings took 57.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="403" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T20:39:46.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1144" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3345" CreationDate="2012-07-08T14:35:49.290" Score="11" ViewCount="2730" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a cyclist fails to complete a stage of Tour de France because of injury or something else, but is ready again for the next stage, is he allowed to continue? If yes, does he receive some sort of time penalty for failing to complete the stage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="611" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-08T14:54:56.520" LastActivityDate="2013-10-11T12:31:53.020" Title="Incomplete stage in Tour de France" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1145" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-08T14:55:48.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Tour de France (French pronunciation: [tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race typically covers around 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three &quot;Grand Tours&quot;, the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The race is broken into day-long segments, called stages. Individual times to finish each stage are aggregated to determine the overall winner at the end of the race. The rider with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the leader's yellow jersey on the next day of racing.[1] The course changes every year, but the race has always finished in Paris. Since 1975, the climax of the final stage has been along the Champs-Élysées.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T16:57:43.627" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T16:57:43.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1146" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-08T14:55:48.953" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Tour De France." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-10T16:26:39.267" LastActivityDate="2012-09-10T16:26:39.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1144" CreationDate="2012-07-08T18:32:34.757" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the cyclists are not allowed to get back on the bike for the next stage if they do not finish. This has as a consequence that the cyclists continue with very heavy injuries just after a crash, because they hope that tomorrow will be better. (For example, Dutch cyclist Wout Poels, continued racing for 10km after Fridays huge crash, but is now still in the intensive care in a French hospital with torn spleen and kidney and three broken bones in his chest)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I found this article ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&amp;amp;id=34028&quot;&gt;http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&amp;amp;id=34028&lt;/a&gt; ) on the UCI website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.6.026 A rider dropping out of the race may not compete in any other cycling events for the duration of the&#xA;  stage race that he abandoned, on pain of a 15 day suspension and a fine of CHF 200 to 1,000.&#xA;  After consulting the event directors and the president of the commissaires panel, the UCI may, how-&#xA;  ever, grant exceptions at the request of a rider and with the agreement of his sports director.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastActivityDate="2012-07-08T18:32:34.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-09T00:43:57.777" Score="8" ViewCount="2727" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis if I serve the ball and it goes into the opposite service box, but hits the net on the way, it is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis#Play_of_a_single_point&quot;&gt;let&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is there such a thing as a let in table tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user610" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T14:03:06.133" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T14:03:06.133" Title="Are there &quot;Lets&quot; in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1148" CreationDate="2012-07-09T01:27:12.663" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The table-tennis version of a tennis 'let' is sometimes called a 'net.'  In general, a 'let' in table tennis is when the rally is stopped for some reason and no point is awarded.  Examples of Lets include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1.1 if in service the ball, in  passing over or around the net  assembly, touches it, provided the  service is otherwise good or the&#xA;  ball  is obstructed by the receiver or  his/her partner;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.2 if the service is delivered  when the receiving player or pair is  not ready, provided that neither the  receiver nor his/her partner&#xA;  attempts  to strike the ball;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.3 if failure to make a service or  a return or otherwise to comply with  the Laws is due to a disturbance  outside the control of&#xA;  the player;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.4 if play is interrupted by the  umpire or assistant umpire.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.5 if the receiver is in a  wheelchair due to a physical  disability and the ball&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.5.1 after touching the receiver’s  court returns in the direction of the  net;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.5.2 comes to rest on the  receiver's half;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.9.1.5.3 in singles leaves the  receiver’s half after touching it by  either of its sidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are taken from the USA Table Tennis rules, but the ITTF rules are basically the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T01:27:12.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1169" CreationDate="2012-07-09T16:30:25.280" Score="4" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was asked to run two stations (two full-courts) of basketball with two groups per station for a youth camp. The ages of the youth are between 10-13. I will be dealing with approximately 15-30 kids. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to run different drills where everyone contributes and participates (ie. not a pick-up game). In addition to being fun, I prefer these drills to value teamwork (ie. not individual efforts) and challenge the abilities of the youth. I thought of mimicing the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Weekend_Skills_Challenge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Skills Challenge&lt;/a&gt; to a smaller scale, but I'm not sure if I'll have the room or resources to do that. I'm all for being creative, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas for basketball drills?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:07:54.123" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:07:54.123" Title="Basketball drills for youth" Tags="|basketball|training|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1150" CreationDate="2012-07-09T21:08:49.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shootouts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2-4 teams of players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Each team lines up. See which team gets to a certain number of made shots first.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All shots must be from same spot until next round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player misses, the player behind him has to get his rebound, and shoot layups until they make it. This counts as half a point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you missed the shot, you get all of the made shots, and pass it to the next player in line, until someone else misses and takes your job.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T21:08:49.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2012-07-09T21:35:35.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Buy a football and keep it at home - then just take it around with you (ok, stairs may be an issue).  You'll either get annoyed with it or really good at control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then ask what you're trying to improve - close ball control is great if you're looking to run with the ball, dribble, take on players, etc. You should also be concentrating on quick control of fast passes, keeping your head up while in possession, etc etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="612" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T21:35:35.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1150" CreationDate="2012-07-10T06:08:10.607" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A game that children always like, is the following, where multiple variations are possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player starts close to the basket. He gets three chances to score a basket, and on scoring takes a step away from the basket, thus increasing the difficulty of the next shot. Three misses on a distance = out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Variation: Line-up two players, and let them shoot in turn. Time 2 or 3 minutes, and see who wins. You can also think of a team approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T09:45:29.697" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T09:45:29.697" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1150" CreationDate="2012-07-10T08:11:50.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you will have 20 kids in total, you can divide them in teams of 5 and assign them to one basket/half court per team (If the numbers vary just modify the numbers so that teams are as even as possible)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the kids are not too unfamiliar with ball sports, and if you have the possibility put some cones in triangular path like: // in one lane, or two lanes parallel to one another. Instruct the kids to dribble following the path you have designed and pass to a teammate on particular occasions (for instance when their running paths come close to one another), and as they come close enough to the basket the player with the ball attempts a shot/layup, where the one who passed the ball last is responsible for getting the rebound and passing the ball back to the other teammates waiting to start their drill. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If kids are too unfamiliar with basketball or don't really get what they are supposed to do, you can change the rules accordingly to make it suit the group. One alternative is to make teams interact with one another and create some competition feeling, for instance if the player who's taking the shot misses, the other team gets the chance to take the rebound and &quot;score a conversion&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a certain amount of time passes, you can blend the teams, or get the teams who won their respective &quot;matches&quot; meet one another. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am fully aware that what I suggest is more of a real training drill than a playground game, but hey if you manage to spark a passion for sports in the kids it's only for the better, right? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T08:11:50.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2012-07-10T08:22:37.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One particular thing that has been fun and useful for me and most of my friends, is to get a smaller ball and play around with it. You can get a size 3 ball (regular size is 5), and try to get fully familiar with it. Once you are comfortable playing with a smaller ball, try out new tricks that you might have seen on TV etc. Since the ball is smaller/lighter it will most likely be easier in the beginning, get used to that and next time you play with a regulation size ball, try and see if you can do the same tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a player who's never been great in skill dribbling, I should also remind you that it is quite overrated. Once you learn to control the ball and use your body to shield the ball when under pressure the rest is just reading your opponents weakness and having the acceleration to dribble past him when you get him off the wrong foot. In my experience, fancy dribblers have always been a pain for their teammates, since they do tend to lose the ball in tough spots in every once in a while. Likewise most of the dribbling skills you see talented professionals do will put them in situations that are risky in terms of injuries. That's my personal opinion of course...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T08:22:37.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1157" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T14:20:22.583" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T14:20:22.583" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T14:20:22.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1158" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T14:20:22.583" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to relative player positions on the field during play of the game, or in certain sports immediately before play begins. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T19:55:26.993" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T19:55:26.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1159" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T14:23:53.640" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T14:23:53.640" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T14:23:53.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1160" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T14:23:53.640" Score="0" Body="For questions generally regarding the avoidance or prevention of injury to players or spectators of a sport. Questions should usually also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T16:06:16.880" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T16:06:16.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1161" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T15:16:36.430" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T15:16:36.430" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T15:16:36.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1162" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T15:16:36.430" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to small-scope decisions made &quot;on-the-fly&quot; by players on the field. Questions must be tagged with the sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T16:06:40.840" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T16:06:40.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1163" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T15:17:41.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technology is defined by Wikipedia as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of tools, usually simple ones, is central to many games. Implements such as bats, sticks, clubs, balls, posts, gloves etc. form the primary equipment of most games, and protective equipment such as helmets, masks and pads are equally important for safety in many full-contact sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The evolution of such tools is generally closely regulated by the governing bodies of their respective sports. The overall goal is to avoid a player or team using a novel design or technology to gain an unfair advantage over a competitor, and to prevent the form and style of the game from changing in such a way that the basic spirit of the game is altered. However, the advancement of new materials and manufacturing techniques has often been combined with the traditional aspects of the game's equipment to form an acceptable compromise that increases the quality, consistency and durability of the resulting implements, without drastically changing the characteristics or performance of the equipment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cases of protective equipment, virtually any advancement that can make the players less likely to suffer injury is typically viewed positively and encouraged by leagues; conversely, players sometimes argue against such changes, as the updated equipment might reduce visibility or range of motion, affecting their performance in the game, until the efficacy of the new equipment in preventing injury is shown to be worthwhile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The acceptance of changes in equipment by players, coaches, team others and the governing bodies vary depending on the sport and the nature of the change. Governing bodies typically advocate for a level playing field and reduced costs, lowering the barriers to fair competition between players and teams. Players and teams typically advocate for any performance advantage they can get. Safety of players and spectators is usually advocated for by both sides, however both sides will balance these concerns with those of performance, fair play and cost, and may advocate against a proposed equipment rule change if it has a significant impact on these other aspects of the sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example would be engine horsepower and basic design in motorsports; major racing teams generally advocate for more engine power, through more cylinders, increased displacement and mechanical aspiration, providing better acceleration and higher maximum speeds. Smaller teams, most drivers and rules committees typically advocate the opposite, which reduces costs, increases fuel efficiency and slows racing speeds, increasing the safety of drivers and spectators in the inevitable event of a crash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-09T02:36:39.423" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T02:36:39.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1164" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T15:17:41.077" Score="0" Body="Questions about the application of technology in sports." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:12:32.967" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:12:32.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1165" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T16:43:09.380" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T16:43:09.380" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T16:43:09.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1166" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T16:43:09.380" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to a piece of exercise equipment consisting primarily of a conveyor belt on which players walk, jog or run." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T16:48:31.027" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T16:48:31.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1167" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T17:28:57.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A tournament is a structure of competition in many sports, typically consisting of many games being played between competitors to determine the overall best team or player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common structure for tournaments in team sports is a &quot;single-elimination tree tournament&quot;; participating teams are paired in a predefined manner (often based on a &quot;seed structure&quot; determined by a team's winning record during a season of play, and/or by geographic region), play one &quot;deciding unit of play&quot;, and the winner advances to the next tier of the tournament while the loser is eliminated from competition. The &quot;deciding unit of play&quot; may be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A single game, as in the NFL, many association football leagues and most NCAA-sanctioned sports besides FBS American football, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A series of 3, 5 or 7 games as in MLB, the NBA and the NHL, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &quot;match&quot; as defined by the rules of the sport, such as in tennis, volleyball and many martial arts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advancing teams play the winner of an &quot;adjacent&quot; pairing from the previous level; levels may be named, for instance the &quot;preliminaries&quot;, &quot;quarterfinals&quot; and &quot;semifinals&quot;, with each level reducing the number of participating players/teams by half until two teams play in the &quot;finals&quot; to determine the winner of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other formats include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Double-Elimination - Similar to a single-elimination tournament, the winning player or team at each level advances to the next level of the tournament; however, players or teams that lose once compete with other teams that have lost once, often for a &quot;wild card&quot; position in the upper level of the tournament, or for a &quot;consolation prize&quot;. A team with two losses is eliminated entirely from the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Round Robin - Teams in the tournament are arranged into one or more &quot;groups&quot;, and then each team plays all other teams in their group once, win or lose. The player or team with the best overall winning record after all games are played is the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multi-game point total - Used in many &quot;precision&quot; sports such as golf, players or teams participate in a fixed number of games, competing for the best overall point total after the final game is complete. The US PGA uses this format at virtually all of its sanctioned events; players compete in a series of four games, and the lowest overall score wins the tournament. These tournaments may also have multiple levels; for instance the U.S. Open has single-round &quot;qualifiers&quot; held at local golf courses, followed by two-round &quot;sectionals&quot; hosting the 550 players with the best qualifying scores at more difficult USGA-chosen regional courses, where players compete for slots in the main 4-round televised event.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formats may be combined; for instance, the FIFA World Cup association football tournament puts the 32 qualifying teams into 8 groups of 4 teams each; the teams in one group then play each other in a &quot;round robin&quot; format, and the top 2 teams from each group advance to a single-elimination tournament. Most US professional and collegiate sports have a similarly-designed &quot;regular season&quot; during which teams play other teams in the league, most importantly teams in the same &quot;division&quot;, &quot;region&quot; or &quot;conference&quot;, competing for the best win-loss records which earn them a spot in a single-elimination &quot;playoff&quot; tournament. A notable exception is collegiate Division-1A football, which doesn't have a tournament structure; teams instead compete for votes among the press and coaches, and the teams with the best two rankings among all FBS teams compete for the national championship. This has changed with the 2012 season; the best four teams will now compete in an abbreviated playoff structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T23:25:40.610" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T23:25:40.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1168" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T17:28:57.233" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to a structure of competition in which multiple teams face each other in a structured hierarchy to determine the best overall team. Questions must also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T23:25:44.403" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T23:25:44.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1150" CreationDate="2012-07-10T18:43:42.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Credit to the respective OPs.&lt;/strong&gt; Suggestions are intended to be scalable and flexible to fit your specific participant pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OPs, feel free to edit your (paraphrased as I understand it) answer(s).&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Shootouts&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams (e.g. 2-4 players each)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Each team lines up to shoot, first team to reach a certain number of made shots wins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All shots must be from same spot until the next round. The initial shot counts as a full point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a shooter misses from his spot, the player behind him gets his rebound, and shoots layups until he makes it. The layup on a rebound counts as a half point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player starts near the basket. He gets three chances to score a basket. Upon making a shot, the player takes a step away from the basket, thus increasing the difficulty of the next shot. Three misses on a distance = out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Variation: line-up two players and let them shoot in turn. Time for two or three minutes and see who makes the most shots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;e.g. A team (eg. 5 players) is assigned to one basket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Place cones (if possible) in a &quot;zig-zag&quot; path, instruct the kids to dribble following the path and pass to a teammate on particular occasions (for instance when their running paths come close to one another). As they come close enough to the basket, the player with the ball attempts a shot/layup, where the one who passed the ball last is responsible for getting the rebound and passing the ball back to the other teammates waiting to start their drill. After a certain amount of time passes, you can blend the teams, or get the teams who won their respective &quot;matches&quot; meet one another. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternative: make teams interact with one another and create competition. For instance if the player who's taking the shot misses, the other team gets the chance to take the rebound and &quot;score a conversion&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2012-07-11T12:49:57.773" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T12:49:57.773" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-07-10T18:43:42.950" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1170" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-10T19:15:07.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skating is an activity where participants use special footwear containing rollers or blades along the sole of the shoe. These &quot;skates&quot; make the wearer glide across a hard surface in a plane parallel to the foot, but resist gliding along any cross plane, thus allowing the wearer to push themselves along by directing force to the side of their intended travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three main types of skates. Ice skates are the oldest, and have a metal blade with two sharpened edges. These skates can only be used on ice, or an ice-like substitute such as certain polymers. These skates come in many variations and are used for many competitive winter sports such as ice hockey, speed skating, and artistic competitions such as figure skating and ice dancing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditional roller skates have four wheels arranged in a rectangle on two axles. These were originally developed as a substitute for ice skates during warmer seasons and climates. Today, &quot;quad&quot; skates are commonly seen in indoor roller rinks for recreational use, and are also used in roller derby competitions and in certain classes of figure skating. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inline skates are the newest design, originally developed for use by cross-country skiiers for off-season training. These skates are now used for a variety of sports such as inline hockey (aka roller hockey), stunt and trick performance similar to skateboarding, and recreational long-distance skating for exercise (similar to their original purpose for cross-country skiiers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T23:24:58.740" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T23:24:58.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1171" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-10T19:15:07.017" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to skating in general, including ice skating, rollerskating and inline skating. For questions more specifically about inline skating, see the [inline-skating] tag." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T23:24:56.103" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T23:24:56.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1180" CreationDate="2012-07-10T20:13:31.060" Score="10" ViewCount="41353" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Question&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boxing matches are (usually) decided by knockout or decision. However, Timothy Bradley's &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/8036159/nevada-boxing-judge-duane-ford-claims-timothy-bradley-gave-manny-pacquiao-lesson&quot;&gt;victory&lt;/a&gt; over Manny Pacquiao in June 2012 was highly and widely controversial. CompuBox stats show that Pacquiao landed more punches than Bradley in 10 of 12 rounds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If knockout does not decide who wins a boxing match, then how do judges come to a &quot;decision&quot; of who wins?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(see below for judging criteria)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can promotions/PPVs (ie. politics, media) influence decisions, and/or are there other factors?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Below is supplemental information that may help illustrate a point.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Information&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bradley vs. Pacquiao CompuBox &lt;a href=&quot;http://compuboxonline.com/compubox-stats-bradley-w-12-pacquaio/&quot;&gt;stats&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Total Punches (Landed/Thrown)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pacquiao 34% (253/751)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bradley 19% (159/839)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jabs (Landed/Thrown)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pacquiao 24% (63/258)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bradley 11% (51/449)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Punches Landed / Thrown&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pacquiao 39% (190/493)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bradley 28% (108/390)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Judging Criteria&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found the following judging criteria in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/542249-judging-criteria-for-boxing/&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;.  The author sources the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aiba.org/documents/site1/docs/technical_and_competition_rules_20110801%20-%20LATEST%20VERSION.pdf&quot;&gt;International Boxing Association Technical &amp;amp; Competition Rules&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vipers.co.uk/images/WBA_boxing_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;World Boxing Association Regulations and Rules Governing World Championship Contests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qualification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Before a fighter begins a bout, he must qualify according to the rules&#xA;  of the sanctioning organization.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Counting Punches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Throughout the course of each round, judges count the number of&#xA;  punches each boxer lands. These punches are divided between &quot;power&#xA;  punches&quot; that land solidly with force, and &quot;glancing punches&quot; such as&#xA;  a light jab, or a punch that slides along the body. Punches with no&#xA;  force, or punches to the arms, are not counted at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Winning the Round&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a fighter has scored more punches at the end of a round, the judges award the round to that fighter. If it's a tie,&#xA;  the win goes to the fighter each judge decides showed the most&#xA;  control, technique or style during the round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Winning the Bout&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fighter who wins a round receives 10 points for that round. The loser of a round receives 9 or fewer points, based on&#xA;  the margin by which he lost. As a general rule, receiving less than 9&#xA;  points only happens in the case of a knockdown, penalty point or&#xA;  similar major sign that a fighter was outclassed. After all rounds are&#xA;  fought, the judges total the scores to determine a match total.&#xA;  Whoever has the most points wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knockout and Technical Knockout&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fighter is considered knocked out if he is knocked down and unable to stand after a 10-second count.&#xA;  If a fighter gets knocked down and stands in time but is knocked down&#xA;  enough times, the referee will stop the match as a technical knockout.&#xA;  Referees will also award a &quot;TKO&quot; if one fighter appears to be no&#xA;  longer able to defend himself or seems to be severely concussed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T20:33:49.473" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T11:35:51.633" Title="Deciding the winner of a boxing match" Tags="|rules|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1144" CreationDate="2012-07-10T20:19:20.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to what was said by Bernhard, the Tour de France uses a &quot;Voiture-balai&quot; which translates to a &quot;Broom Truck/Car&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom_wagon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from Wiki&lt;/a&gt;). I've been to the Tour a few times and you see the truck at the end, about 30-45 minutes behind the peloton depending on the stage (flat or mountains). This is more of a traditional thing as the Broom Truck has been around since 1910. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's job is to &quot;sweep&quot; the riders that are far behind the peloton, be it due to injuries or just exhaustion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="617" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T20:19:20.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1035" CreationDate="2012-07-10T23:05:43.027" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll try to make a list of all the differences between FIBA and NBA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIBA games last 40 minutes while NBA last 48.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NBA players have 1 more personal foul to give.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In FIBA games you can stay in the 3-seconds area as long as you want while you're on defense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Different numbers of available timeouts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can pass the ball to a player in the defensive half during a throw in in the NBA, while you can't do this in FIBA games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While the ball is on the rim you can't touch it in the NBA; it is a bit different in FIBA games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In FIBA games, traveling does exist :D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't remember other differences right now, but I think it's almost everything:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="618" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-07-11T15:33:11.710" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T15:33:11.710" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1175" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13783" CreationDate="2012-07-11T14:10:42.677" Score="13" ViewCount="1014" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compression apparel seems to be very popular with athletes. Brands like Under Armour and Nike show athletes in different sports wearing their apparel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I wear compression apparel when I'm playing sports or training, but I haven't worn it enough to notice a &lt;em&gt;significant&lt;/em&gt; difference. I'm sure those who are athletes for a living have more insight on this than I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the benefits of compression apparel? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-11T14:27:58.747" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T09:50:46.480" Title="Benefits of compression apparel" Tags="|training|technology|performance|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1176" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-11T14:11:39.760" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-11T14:11:39.760" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T14:11:39.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1177" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-11T14:11:39.760" Score="0" Body="Questions about the (physical, mental, emotional) performance of athletes and the performance of equipment in various sports. Most questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:46:05.653" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T15:46:05.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1175" CreationDate="2012-07-11T14:29:58.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_sportswear&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;From Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The main benefits of compression sportswear is that it keeps the&#xA;  muscles warm to prevent muscle strain and fatigue, and wick sweat away&#xA;  from the body to prevent chafing and rashes.    In addition, there is&#xA;  some evidence that compression shorts may enhance athletic&#xA;  performance. Compression sportswear also helps to keep undergarments&#xA;  in place, and for certain sports, like baseball and softball, come&#xA;  with padding at the hips to protect players from injuries due to&#xA;  sliding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Compression shorts are also popular among female athletes, especially&#xA;  among those who wear skirts or kilts during games. In those&#xA;  situations, athletes wear compression shorts under the skirt so if&#xA;  they fall over and their skirts ride up, their underwear will not be&#xA;  exposed. This is seen particularly in women's lacrosse, field hockey&#xA;  and roller derby, all being sports in which players often wear skirts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The alleged benefits of wearing compression tights are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Improving athletic performance by maintaining repeated jump performance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Reduce muscle movement and vibration and focus the direction of the muscle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Reducing the risk of sports injuries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Maintaining body temperature and moisture wicking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Reducing the build up of Creatine kinase which is an indicator of muscle tissue damage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Reducing the time taken for muscles to repair themselves&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Reducing muscle soreness during post workout recovery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;As an alternative to compression stockings they can be worn during long flights to reduce the risk of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deep Vein&#xA;  Thrombosis&lt;/a&gt; (DVT)&#xA;  caused by pooling of blood in the lower legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;These factors allow an athlete to increase both the duration and&#xA;  intensity of training and competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-12T08:05:34.053" LastActivityDate="2012-07-12T08:05:34.053" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1172" CreationDate="2012-07-13T11:52:32.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If knockout does not decide who wins a boxing match, then how do judges come to a &quot;decision&quot; of who wins?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll try to elaborate on the scoring criteria that you posted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judges are encouraged to score rounds 10-9 in favour of the boxer who landed the most clean punches in the round.  Because of this, the judges should be counting the punches that land and taking note as to the number of these punches which are hard and clean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this isn't the only criterion that judges can apply in their scoring of the round.  They also look at the quality of the vaguely-termed &quot;ring generalship&quot;.  Ring generalship is what you noted as &quot;control, technique or style&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now there's little to zero guidance as to how the judges should assess this and it is therefore left wide-open to the interpretation of the individual judges.  Some judges will award the round to the &quot;busier&quot; boxer - that is the fighter who threw the most punches whether they were clean or not.  For this reason, you'll will often see a boxer finish the round with a flurry of punches so as to impress upon the judges that they had a higher workrate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some judges look for aggressiveness.  This can go against the defensive, counter-punching boxer when they come up against a walk-forward, inside boxer.  On the flip-side, some judges like a fighter with a good defence and will award the round to the boxer with the tight defence and good evasive manouvers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other factors affecting the scoring&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you note, if a fighter completely dominates a round then the judges can score a round at 10-8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A judge will deduct one point for each knockdown.  For example, a judge will likely score a round in which one boxer is knocked down twice as a 10-7 round.  The knocked-down boxer losing one point for each knockdown and one for being totally dominated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One point can be deducted as a penalty.  The referee will indicate to the three judges when a point is to be deducted.  This can be done in the event of a low blow or other infringement including not following the referee's instruction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Governance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional boxing judges are rarely held accountable for their scores.  Only in seriously controversial outcomes will you see the relative boxing association call a review.  In amateur boxing, such as in the Olympics, all of the punching is computer-recorded and a judge will be called to answer if his assessment widely differs from that of the computer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rulebook for boxing judges.  Quite simply they can score the fight how they like.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can promotions/PPVs (ie. politics, media) influence decisions, and/or are there other factors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, they &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt;, but they shouldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately there is a high degree of suspicion surrounding the integrity of boxing.  Like other multi-million dollar sports, corruption is probably going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do famous boxers often receive bias from judges over little-known fighters?  Yes.&#xA;Have any outside influences ever affected the scores?  Yes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/boxing/16129087&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amir Khan vs. Lamont Peterson fight&lt;/a&gt; there was a then-unknown character clearly instructing a judge on how to score the fight:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifhDJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Amir Khan &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/boxing/16435696&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;raised grievance withe the scoring irregularities&lt;/a&gt; and an IBF investigation took place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the concern was regarding Judge George Hill's scoring amendments of the 7th round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rq3rx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, until the judging becomes regulated, we're going to see more and more of these controversies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T11:52:32.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1182" CreationDate="2012-07-13T16:59:47.367" Score="8" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lamar Odom was recently acquired by the Los Angeles Clippers in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abc4.com/content/sports/local/story/Odom-to-Clippers-in-multi-team-trade/a6W5TVw7REuU4wC11LaEUg.cspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;four-team trade&lt;/a&gt; including the Clippers, Houston Rockets, Dallas Mavericks, and Utah Jazz. I also see multi-team trades in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why would a team choose to become involved in a multi-team trade?&lt;/strong&gt; On the surface, the details of a trade involving more than two teams become confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-10T17:40:51.310" LastActivityDate="2013-05-10T17:40:51.310" Title="Why would a team choose to become involved in a multi-team trade?" Tags="|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1181" CreationDate="2012-07-13T17:14:30.693" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason for a team to involve itself in a trade is to acquire a benefit in one of these areas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cap relief - getting rid of one or more contracts or acquiring shorter/expiring contracts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Draft picks - a team facilitating a trade can obtain one or more draft picks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Talent - a team may have one or more players that it wishes to obtain or it may need to redistribute talent/clear up playing time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/8157582/dorell-wright-philadelphia-76ers-deal-add-3rd-team&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt; is the three team trade involving Golden State, New Orleans, and Philadelphia. The original trade involved only two teams, with Golden State trading Dorrell Wright to Philadelphia for an overseas player to obtain cap relief - essentially a salary dump. New Orleans wanted to obtain salary relief, and so joined the trade by sending Jarret Jack to Golden State and getting the overseas player in return. Each team got something from this transaction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Philadelphia obtained a good small forward, improving front court depth&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Golden State obtained a good backup point guard, improving back court depth&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New Orleans got cap relief and cleared the way for their first round pick, Austin Rivers, to play more&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-07-13T17:19:37.007" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T17:19:37.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1183" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-15T22:41:48.873" Score="7" ViewCount="816" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does everyone say elite cyclists are doping but none of them get caught even though they are regularly tested?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A perfect example is Lance Armstrong with the recent allegations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="513" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:11:48.057" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:11:48.057" Title="Performance-enhancing drugs in cycling" Tags="|cycling|doping|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1185" CreationDate="2012-07-16T01:24:06.313" Score="30" ViewCount="62430" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I watch Baseball games on TV, I have trouble to identify the pitch that the pitchers are throwing. I know the pitch types but can't tell the difference of a fastball to a slider when watching games on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually play baseball video-games, and I can easily identify the pitches when playing. I can tell if it is a slider, fastball, change-up and so on, but I have trouble when watching television.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="628" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:26:17.000" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T03:01:33.167" Title="How to recognize baseball pitches when watching television games?" Tags="|baseball|media|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1184" CreationDate="2012-07-16T07:18:32.297" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here are some things to look for while watching on television:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Movement - the general direction the ball is moving&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Break - a sudden shift in direction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;it's also possible sometimes to tell from arm position and angle but &#xA;  most professionals (even those on the bench) are good enough to make&#xA;  every pitch look the same in terms of release angles. However,&#xA;  sometimes when a pitcher loses his feel and the mechanics start to&#xA;  break down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So watch the pitcher, and listen to the scouting report. He probably&#xA;  only has 3-4 pitches he throws as a starter, and 2-3 as a reliever.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Normally it will be a choice of Fastball, Slider, Cutter, Splitter,&#xA;  Sinker or a Knuckleball. There are more but these are rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once the pitch has been released and is in flight, here are some ways&#xA;  to distinguish a pitch (assuming a right-handed pitcher, which you can&#xA;  most likely invert for a lefty):  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fastball&lt;/strong&gt; - Very little break. Fast. Pretty easy to tell when someone throws a fastball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Slider&lt;/strong&gt; - This is slower than a fastball but with a similar release, Small to Med break. The best will break sharply and late,&#xA;  they will have a drop as well as a slide to them. Hanging sliders will&#xA;  look like a slower fastball with very little and often early to mid&#xA;  break.   Sliders are common pitches(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Johnson#Pitching_style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Randy Johnson&lt;/a&gt; had a pretty&#xA;  famous one) and sort of like faster curveballs, but are easy to &quot;hang&quot;&#xA;  by the pitcher, where the at the wrong velocity, can just sit up for&#xA;  the batter to crush.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cutter&lt;/strong&gt; - Will maintain horizontal plane and cut away from a right-handed batter, sometimes picking up velocity. Very few pitchers&#xA;  can throw this pitch well, which is why &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rivera#Pitching_style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mariano Rivera&lt;/a&gt;'s career&#xA;  is so remarkable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Splitter&lt;/strong&gt; - There is a giveaway in the arm release because it's usually &quot;over the ear&quot; and supposed to look like a fastball, but right&#xA;  at the plate, it's supposed to bottom-out.   Normally if a pitcher&#xA;  throws a splitter the camera will always be focusing on his grip. They&#xA;  will show his fingers split really far apart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sinker&lt;/strong&gt; - This is a kind of pitch that is in-between a fastball and a split-finger fasterball. It is meant to be a fast pitch that&#xA;  &quot;drives down&quot; very hard as it approaches the plate. It's popular&#xA;  because sinkers increase the likelihood that a batter, on contact,&#xA;  will drive the ball into the ground, and ground-ball pitchers are less&#xA;  likely to be scored on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knuckleball&lt;/strong&gt; - Most obvious pitch of all. Tumbles instead of rotates, goes about 50-70 mph, and normally pitchers dedicated to it&#xA;  are the only ones to throw it. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Wakefield#Pitching_style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tim Wakefield&lt;/a&gt; is famous for this.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Look at the following diagram that shows the ball movement and break&#xA;  (For right handed pitcher)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7ruJ2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;baseball pitches&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quora.com/Baseball/How-do-you-visually-identify-the-different-types-of-baseball-pitches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lokeshdhakar.com/baseball-pitches-illustrated/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="11943" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T00:23:32.587" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T00:23:32.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1186" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-16T07:59:26.440" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-16T07:59:26.440" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T07:59:26.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1187" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-16T07:59:26.440" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role(s) of media in sports. This includes but is not limited to: Internet, radio, television, broadcasting, music" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T17:03:35.110" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T17:03:35.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1183" CreationDate="2012-07-16T16:13:43.277" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, cheaters have an advantage over the testers - they pioneer new techniques or develop drugs that are designed to minimize the risk of detection. Further, the cheaters usually operate under a veil of secrecy - they don't want their efforts to be detected. For this reason, blood and urine samples are sometimes stored for years to allow more advanced tests to be run, once more advanced tests are developed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new drugs or techniques are usually detected in the end, frequently because a member of the inner circle confesses. Authorities may also successfully arrest members of these groups and confiscate material used to circumvent existing tests. However, these aids can provide their users an advantage over other competitors until a valid test is developed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T16:13:43.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1184" CreationDate="2012-07-16T17:16:25.583" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're not alone; sometimes even the commentators, who have the same &quot;over-the-shoulder&quot; long-lens view that the folks at home do, will simply refer to a pitch as a &quot;breaking ball&quot; if it drops sharply or curves outside, even though a number of specific pitches can do that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fundamental theory of pitching is that the batter gains an advantage over the pitcher proportional to his ability to predict the pitcher's next move, and conversely, the pitcher gains an advantage over the batter &lt;em&gt;inversely&lt;/em&gt; proportional to the batter's ability to predict the next pitch. Your better pitchers have a number of weapons to accomplish this, but key to all of them is control over three elements of the pitch; speed (and thus timing), vertical axis (drop), and horizontal axis (slide).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the very good diagram Dor linked to, here's a basic breakdown of the most common RHP's pitches as seen by a RHB:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fast Pitches&lt;/strong&gt; (usually 85mph+ in the major leagues):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No Break&lt;/strong&gt; - Four-Seam Fastball (speed is usually mid to high 90s, can exceed 100, and will appear to head pretty directly to the plate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Splitter (speed's in the high 80s to low 90s, designed to look like a fastball but takes a dive under the bat; giveaway is a &quot;snappy&quot;, compact delivery with the pitcher's index and middle fingers split severely)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Inside&lt;/strong&gt; - Two-Seam Fastball/Sinker (again, speed in the high 80s/low 90s, designed to look like a fastball but breaks towards a RHB to jam him up)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Outside&lt;/strong&gt; - Cutter (speed in the low 90s, breaks outside without dropping to look like a four-seam fastball, notorious for breaking bats, difficult to throw correctly and so rare)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Outside Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Slider (Speed high 80s low 90s, breaks outside and drops to make the batter &quot;chase&quot; what he thought was a four-seam; more often seen than the cutter)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Off-speed pitches&lt;/strong&gt; (between 70-85mph)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No Break&lt;/strong&gt; - Change-up (designed to throw off a batter's timing, looks like a fastball and goes right down the middle, but speed can be as low as 70mph, but more likely high 70s-low 80s)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Forkball (slightly faster than most other off-speed pitches, usually mid-80s, it's quite literally a slow splitter)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Very Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Curveball (changes everything about the batter's approach, looks like a change-up but dives under the bat. Sometimes incorrectly called a changeup, but the vertical curve is more pronounced. Thrown incorrectly, it doesn't dive, and coupled with the slower speed it's a batter's dream pitch)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Inside&lt;/strong&gt; - Circle Changeup (Simple variation of the changeup, looks like a change-up but breaks inside much like a two-seam does in the fast pitches)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Inside Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Screwball (difficult and rare, it looks like a curveball coming in but breaks inside)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaks Outside Low&lt;/strong&gt; - Slurve (combination slider/curve, looks like a curveball but breaks outside like a slider)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variation of speed and breaking action produces a host of possibilities, which a good battery can use to keep the batter guessing. A pitcher can also aim pitches differently to make them look like other pitches; a pitcher can throw a fastball high and fool the batter into thinking it was going to be a sinker or splitter, or can throw a two-seam wide and the batter may think it's an errant four-seam until it breaks back over the plate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batters like a variety of different pitches; exactly what the batter likes should be known by the pitcher and/or catcher, and a combination of what the batter flat doesn't like, and pitches that look like what he does like but then change, are generally the order of the day. From time to time a pitcher may give a batter exactly what he wants, hopefully when he's least expecting it; this is often necessary to avoid showing the batter the same pitch too many times, and a missed opportunity can also put the batter &quot;on the tilt&quot;, throwing off their concentration as they mentally kick themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T15:34:09.703" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T15:34:09.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1195" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-19T20:56:43.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of field hockey, a popular and widely-played international game. Male and female, children and teens and adults are all represented in most areas where field hockey is played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams consist of eleven players, one of whom is typically a goalkeeper and granted special privileges when inside the shooting circle they defend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each player has a stick, flat on one side and curved on the other, and may use only the flat side or its edges to play a fist-sized ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aim is to score more goals than the opponent. Scoring is done by playing the ball with the stick inside the circle defended by the opponents, so that it enters the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Officials include most often a pair of umpires that handle the majority of decisions about the game, including penalties and scoring. At higher levels, a technical bench often handles administrative, timing and off-field control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Field hockey is traditionally played on grass fields, but since the 1970s is very often played on artificial or synthetic turfs. The playing area is 91.4 metres long and 55 metres wide, with approximately semicircular shooting circles and a goal at either end. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Field hockey has been a permanent Olympic sport since 1928, with previous competitions in 1908 and 1920. Teams from Great Britain, India and Pakistan historically held champion status, but national teams from all continents are viable and have succeeded in modern competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sport is managed at the highest level by the International Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH) who establish rules and organise or accredit almost all international field hockey, and provide leadership in developing players and officials at every level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Field hockey is related to indoor hockey, a similar sport played inside on a hardcourt with fewer players and some restrictions on play, with additional sideboards instead of sidelines. Indoor hockey is also managed by FIH.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T05:11:46.177" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T05:11:46.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1196" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-19T20:56:43.073" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of field hockey, including players, teams, competitions, records, rules and regulations, or trivia." OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T06:00:08.277" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T06:00:08.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1197" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-19T20:58:17.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions about penalties that officials may assessed against competitors or teams in the sporting world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-07-23T16:36:13.490" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T16:36:13.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1198" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-19T20:58:17.160" Score="0" Body="For questions about penalties that officials may assess against competitors or teams in the sporting world." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-07-23T15:43:33.740" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T15:43:33.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1202" CreationDate="2012-07-20T04:54:16.250" Score="7" ViewCount="3003" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I play recreational football, I pursue my man or a player a lot.  Sometimes, out of nowhere, their back foot clip my thigh while running and they trip.  It looks bad from far away and a foul is taken. I haven't done much besides running behind them or a bit on the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In another case, I was standing still and when the player twist and run, the same thing happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is an unintentional clipping from behind considered as a foul in football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorDisplayName="user610" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T03:36:30.113" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T03:36:30.113" Title="Is it a foul in football if the pursuer unintentionally clips the runner from behind?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1200" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1201" CreationDate="2012-07-20T05:04:18.017" Score="9" ViewCount="2342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say that the striker is closing in to the goal post on the right side.  As a defender, I am running towards the middle of the right post and the striker.  I perform a slide tackle towards the line in anticipation of a shot from the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 possible scenarios could happen with the slide tackle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The striker hits the ball and I might take it out of play with my slide tackle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The striker side steps me and continues to the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The slide tackle in front of the striker caught him by surprise and he crashes into me with the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the above move legitimate in football?  What happens if situation 3 happens, is it a foul?  Is it risky for the striker to get injured?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm playing recreational football, so I'm not sure if I should be doing any slide tackle at all even if the striker is far from me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorDisplayName="user610" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T03:36:26.463" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T03:36:26.463" Title="Is it a foul for the defender to preemptively slide tackle a potential shot?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1200" CreationDate="2012-07-20T09:50:42.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, it would be rare for such a tackle to be performed; it's bad for a defender to commit themselves like that. Especially at a higher level, oppenents will be able to read your actions and trivially side-step your tackle; they're then through on goal, and you won't be able to support your defence in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Providing I'm reading your scenario right, then it shouldn't be judged as a foul. You'll get the ball first, it isn't a tackle from behind; so, providing it was otherwise a legitimate slide (feet weren't high, studs weren't showing, it wasn't a lunge, you don't go through the player), I can't see the referee giving a foul for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the striker getting injured; I doubt it. It won't catch the striker &lt;em&gt;by suprise&lt;/em&gt; per-sec, but just late enough so they can't navigate themselves out of the situation with the ball. They'll still &lt;em&gt;see&lt;/em&gt; the tackle arriving, and will be able to catch themselves with their arms, roll off the tackle, or even step/ jump over you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="59" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T09:50:42.913" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1199" CreationDate="2012-07-20T10:34:48.613" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a short answer, but &quot;Yes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you impede a player unfairly then your team will be penalised with the appropriate free-kick/penalty and possible card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't matter if it's accidental or not, you have still impeded the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12 (Misconduct) of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any&#xA;  of the following seven offences in a manner considered by the referee to be&#xA;  careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[..]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key word here is &quot;careless&quot;.  When running behind a player you need to take care that you don't trip him.  If you do, you will be penalised with a direct free-kick against your team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-07-20T10:42:47.860" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T10:42:47.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1216" CreationDate="2012-07-20T18:15:04.743" Score="11" ViewCount="770" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I play recreational ultimate, I pursue my man or a player a lot. Sometimes, out of nowhere, their back foot clip my thigh while running and they trip. It looks bad from far away and a foul is taken. I haven't done much besides running behind them or a bit on the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In another case, I was standing still and when the player twist and run, the same thing happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is an unintentional clipping from behind considered as a foul in ultimate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T05:00:28.747" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T10:15:58.543" Title="Is it a foul in ultimate if the pursuer unintentionally clips the runner from behind?" Tags="|rules|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1204" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-20T19:16:43.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ultimate is a team sport played with a flying disc. The object of the game is to score points by passing the disc to a player in the opposing end zone, similar to an end zone in American football or rugby. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two teams are formed, of 7 players each in official leagues but consisting of dozens in an informal game, and play on a field 120 yards by 40 yards, including two end zones of 20 or 25 yards each (depending on league) at opposite ends of the long dimension. The game's only equipment, besides boundary markings, is the flying disc or &quot;Frisbee&quot; (a trademark of Wham-O, and so not used in official terminology).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One team begins the game in possession of the disc, having obtained it in a &quot;throw-off&quot; by  the other team, called a &quot;pull&quot; and similar in theory to a kickoff in gridiron football. The disc is then thrown or &quot;passed&quot; by the player who catches it to one of his or her teammates, with the objective of moving it toward their opponent's end zone. Players may not run while holding the disc (they are allowed to take a few steps to come to a stop after a running catch), and must leave one foot &quot;anchored&quot; but may pivot with the other. If the team in possession successfully advances the disc into their opponent's end zone, they score, and &quot;pull&quot; to the other team from that end zone, effectively swapping ends of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing team attempts to prevent the team in possession from moving the disc downfield and scoring. A pass that falls to the ground uncaught, is caught out of bounds, or is intercepted results in possession changing to the defending team at the point where the disc hit the ground, left the field or was intercepted. A player near the thrower (the player holding the disc) may also count the seconds, and if the thrower has not gotten rid of the frisbee by the time the counter reaches &quot;10&quot;, possession changes to the other team. When possession changes, the teams swap roles. This happens dynamically, unlike gridiron football and much more like basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A limited amount of contact is allowed; players are allowed to make incidental contact with each other, and are entitled to maintain their current spot on the field, but no player on either side may physically restrain, trip, push or attack another player; these are fouls, and cause a possession change if committed by a player on the team in possession. Intentional commission of fouls is discouraged in all cases as contrary to the spirit of the game, unlike in other sports where &quot;tactical&quot; commission of fouls is a part of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One or more officials are usually present for official league games; their job is primarily to call out fouls, scores, and changes of possession. Informal games are typically self-refereed by the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While originally called ultimate frisbee, it is now officially called &quot;Ultimate&quot; in many areas because Frisbee is registered in some areas as a trademark, albeit genericized, for the line of discs made by the Wham-O toy company. In 2008, there were 4.9 million Ultimate players in the US.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info can be found on this Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_%28sport%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T21:20:10.583" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T21:20:10.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1205" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-20T19:16:43.107" Score="0" Body="Ultimate is a team sport played with a flying disc." OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:12:04.777" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:12:04.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="897" CreationDate="2012-07-21T02:18:17.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Receiving big money contracts is certainly one of the benefits of switching codes. In the last ten years or so, players switching between codes have received multi-million dollar contracts for doing so, and before even playing a professional game in their &quot;new&quot; sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most players though that have switched in recent years have reached the pinnacle of their player careers at a young age. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmichael_Hunt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Karmichael Hunt&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Folau&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Israel Folau&lt;/a&gt; both have won NRL premierships, various awards, and represented their state and country at the highest level. A change to codes that feature very similar skill sets, whether to rugby union or AFL, would bring about a new set of challengers for these elite sportsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T02:18:17.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1207" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-21T02:28:14.183" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-21T02:28:14.183" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T02:28:14.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1208" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-21T02:28:14.183" Score="0" Body="Rugby union, also known as rugby, is a contact team sport that originated in England in the 19th century. It is predominately played in the UK, France, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It is very similar to, and often at times, confused with the game of rugby league." OwnerUserId="639" LastEditorUserId="639" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T04:59:33.693" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T04:59:33.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1200" CreationDate="2012-07-21T02:46:05.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I presume you mean that you are sliding in and taking the ball from him cleanly, and then the player falls over you? If so, then this is not a foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should you make contact with the player though, either before getting the ball, or in a manner that the referee deems to be careless or reckless, he would award a penalty to the attacking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T02:46:05.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1183" CreationDate="2012-07-24T15:56:20.450" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some forms of cheating are basically impossible to detect.  For example, blood doping (which is one of the things Lance Armstrong is accused of doing), where remove your own blood a few weeks to a month before a race, store it, and then transfuse into yourself during a race to help boost your red blood cell count.  Since it is your own blood, there are no chemical signatures to spot if you do it.  The only thing they can look at is your hematocrit (red blood cell count), but since they vary for different people and over time, they are forced to pick an arbitrary limit (50%).  But since the limit is arbitrary, cyclists just started blood doping right up to that limit, knowing they couldn't get caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="648" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T15:56:20.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1203" CreationDate="2012-07-24T15:58:56.627" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether or not the contact is intentional has no bearing on the outcome of this call. Your question is really &quot;is clipping from behind considered as a foul?&quot;, and the answer is &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the 11th Edition rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Foul: Non-Incidental contact: contact between opposing players (see&#xA;  II.H for a definition of incidental contact). In general, the player&#xA;  initiating the contact has committed the foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Incidental-contact: Contact between opposing players that does not&#xA;  affect continued play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation you describe is definitely non-incidental, so is a foul, and it is a foul on the initiating player. The trailing player is almost always the player initiating contact. It's not &quot;out of nowhere&quot; that their back foot clips your thigh. They were running. You were running behind them. You were in complete control of how close you were to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is supported by USA Ultimate's Standing Rules Committee in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usaultimate.org/news/whats-the-call-incidental-contact/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The answer is that it's a foul on whoever initiated the contact&#xA;  (II.E). In practice, this is often hard to determine, but usually&#xA;  means that it’s a foul on the trailing person, since the motion of the&#xA;  person in front is directed away from the other player, and therefore&#xA;  that player is less likely to have been the initiator of the contact.&#xA;  If it's really impossible to say who initiated the contact though,&#xA;  then it should be treated as a case of offsetting fouls, and the disc&#xA;  should go back to the thrower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the situation where you are standing still, and another player twists, runs and clips you, then clearly you have not initiated the contact and therefore have not committed a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usaultimate.org/faq/default.aspx#77&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;another quote from USA Ultimate's FAQ&lt;/a&gt; supporting the downfield player (even if you are impeded). This quote talks about a defender moving into the path of an offensive player to box-out, but it equally applies to an offensive player moving into the path of a defender to box-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, if a defender is playing the disc (e.g. looking at and&#xA;  reacting to the trajectory of the disc in order to make the catch/D),&#xA;  they are allowed to move into unoccupied space for the purpose of&#xA;  preventing their opponent from taking that space (ie- “boxing out”),&#xA;  since they are not solely playing their opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorUserId="9868" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2016-08-10T10:15:58.543" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T10:15:58.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1217" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-24T17:57:17.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of Ultimate (Frisbee). Note the omission of &quot;Frisbee&quot; from the tag. While originally called &quot;ultimate frisbee&quot;, it is now officially called &quot;ultimate&quot; in many areas because Frisbee is registered in some areas as a trademark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whatisultimate.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ultimate site&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_%28sport%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; for more info.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T18:05:51.243" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T18:05:51.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1218" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-24T17:57:17.773" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of Ultimate (Frisbee)." OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T18:03:15.083" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T18:03:15.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="405" CreationDate="2012-07-24T18:50:38.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A general rule of thumb is every 5-6 hours of skating. But that's just a ballpark figure.  It's really a personal preference.  Basically, get them sharpened when they feel too dull for you, or you lose an edge on one side of the skate or you have nicks in the blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="648" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T18:50:38.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1222" CreationDate="2012-07-24T22:12:13.213" Score="8" ViewCount="534" Body="&lt;p&gt;So LeBron just won the title, the NBA MVP and NBA Finals MVP. Who else has done that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I know that generally the NBA Finals MVP belongs to the team that won the title, but I believe there was an instance where that didn't happen. Which season was that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:52:18.630" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T18:48:01.377" Title="NBA MVP, Finals MVP and Champion" Tags="|nba|trivia|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1223" CreationDate="2012-07-24T22:14:57.237" Score="6" ViewCount="5180" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Ichiro Suzuki was traded from the Mariners to the Yankees, he went with uniform #31 instead of #51. I understand the reasoning behind not selecting #51 (Bernie Williams' number, which I guess lends credence to the Yankees perhaps retiring it at some point), but is there any specified reason he chose #31?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="635" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T06:52:01.683" Title="Why did Ichiro choose number 31 with the Yankees?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1220" CreationDate="2012-07-24T23:29:39.373" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a fairly-common occurrence over the history of the NBA, it just hasn't happened recently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Willis Reed (NYK) - 1970&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lew Alcindor {Kareem Abdul-Jabbar} (MIL) - 1971&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moses Malone (PHI) - 1983&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Larry Bird (BOS) - 1984, 1986&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Magic Johnson (LAL) - 1987&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Jordan (CHI) - 1991, 1992&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hakeem Olajuwon (HOU) - 1994&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Jordan (CHI) - 1996, 1998&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shaquille O'Neal (LAL) - 2000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tim Duncan (SAS) - 2003&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LeBron James (MIA) - 2012, 2013&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jerry West, by the way, was the only NBA Finals MVP from the losing team. That was the first Finals MVP awarded back in 1969.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Russell_NBA_Finals_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="635" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T18:48:01.377" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T18:48:01.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1221" CreationDate="2012-07-25T06:52:01.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ichiro chose No &lt;strong&gt;#31&lt;/strong&gt; without actual reason, he had a reason why not choosing no &lt;strong&gt;#51&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since his days in Japan with the Orix Blue Wave, Ichiro has worn No #51. But with that number unofficially retired by the Yankees in honor of Bernie Williams, Ichiro knew that he’d need a new number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ichiro share his thoughts in interview:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Of course No. 51 is a special number to me, but when I think about&#xA;  what 51 means to the Yankees, it’s hard for me to ask for that&#xA;  number,” he said. “I’d like to have a new number and then make that my&#xA;  own.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T06:52:01.683" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1226" CreationDate="2012-07-25T13:26:16.430" Score="-6" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering the scenario where a player is playing for a club and is to be transferred (free/purchase) to another club. What is the procedure?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For e.g.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is the player's wish to go to X Club and he talks to X club's manager&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is the Player's manager who takes the decision to move this player for money&#xA;a. He is not playing well&#xA;b. He is getting huge money from the other club for transfer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cheers!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="652" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T04:31:57.030" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T04:31:57.030" Title="Football Player auctions" Tags="|football|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-07-27T23:28:00.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1225" CreationDate="2012-07-25T14:00:31.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Transfer of a player can be initiated as the following situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player or Player agent came to team manager with a proposal from another team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another team or an agent address a team with a proposal to buy player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player address his manager and ask to be released/sold from the team and if the manager accepts he will put the player in Transfer List (and then the player agent or scouts from another teams will try to find sell deal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Club put player in Transfer List (and then the player agent or scouts from another teams will try to find sell deal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team want to move the player to another team as part of exchange deal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all of those deals the buying club should get to an agreement with the selling club about player price.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then the buying club should get to an agreement with the player (or his agent) about player contract.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If this is an exchange deal (section 5) the selling club should also get to an agreement with the exchanging player (or his agent) about player contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think about some reasons for a player move/transfer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player had finish his contract at the club and both player or team won't want to continue the contract (or not come to an agreement about the details of the new contract).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team want to release/sell the player to another team in order to reduce the wage balance of the team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team want to sell the player to another team in order to earn money on this player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team want to release/sell the player to another team נecause of incompetence professionally and \ or personally.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player is asking to move to another team (better challenge, better wage or other reasons) and his current team approved it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team to sell a player as part of exchange transfer where it can get another player that will suit better for the team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can think on some other reasons you can add it to my answer..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T15:09:24.277" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T15:09:24.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1228" CreationDate="2012-07-25T18:49:24.650" Score="6" ViewCount="15728" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there been an NBA player who won the all 3 NBA MVP awards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this includes Regular Season MVP, Finals MVP and All-Star MVP award in the same season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T17:51:59.783" LastActivityDate="2021-10-03T17:51:59.783" Title="Has there been an NBA player who won triple MVP in one season?" Tags="|basketball|history|nba|trivia|awards|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1227" CreationDate="2012-07-25T18:49:24.650" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only 3 players have accomplished winning all three NBA MVP awards in the same season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/strong&gt; (twice) of the Chicago Bulls - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1995-1996&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1997-1998&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Willis Reed&lt;/strong&gt; of the New York Knicks - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1969-1970&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shaquille O'Neal&lt;/strong&gt; of the Los Angeles Lakers  - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1999-2000&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Russell_NBA_Finals_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T19:34:48.633" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T19:34:48.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-25T23:08:18.213" Score="16" ViewCount="12255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose I am about to hit a &quot;overhead&quot;, then my stomach touches the edge of the table... Is this allowed? Can I &quot;dive&quot; on the table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user610" LastEditorUserId="142" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T22:10:38.317" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T05:02:22.847" Title="Can my body touch the table in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1229" CreationDate="2012-07-26T11:01:33.767" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding after reading the rules is: as far as the touch does not move the table it should be O.K. otherwise it's a point to the opponent. The last three (in italic) points govern the &quot;contact&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10  A POINT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01   Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.01    if an opponent fails to make a correct service;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.02    if an opponent fails to make a correct return;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.03    if, after he or she has made a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being struck&#xA;  by an opponent;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.04    if the ball passes over his or her court or beyond his or her end line without touching his or her court, after being struck by&#xA;  an opponent;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.05    if an opponent obstructs the ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.06    if an opponent deliberately strikes the ball twice in succession;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.07    if an opponent strikes the ball with a side of the racket blade whose surface does not comply with the requirements of 2.4.3,&#xA;  2.4.4 and 2.4.5;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.08    &lt;em&gt;if an opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, moves the playing surface;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.10.01.09    &lt;em&gt;if an opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, touches the net assembly;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.10.01.10   if an opponent's free hand touches the playing surface;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T11:01:33.767" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1233" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1240" CreationDate="2012-07-27T08:53:50.317" Score="8" ViewCount="6421" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I broke my squash racket with a particularly ill-placed split second reaction near the wall. So now I need a new racket. What should I pay attention to when buying one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The racket I had was just a random racket I could afford when I was a student. It was not particularly light, and I don't think it was very stiff either. The last two years I have been playing for fun and fitness on a weekly basis. Before that I played a few times each year at most. When playing squash I am very quick to get to the ball, but not particularly good at getting the ball to go where I want it to (I am improving though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the trade-offs one makes when choosing a particular squash racket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="659" LastEditorUserId="659" LastEditDate="2014-12-31T10:51:06.553" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T18:32:42.277" Title="What to look for in a new squash racket" Tags="|racket|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1238" CreationDate="2012-07-28T02:24:18.730" Score="9" ViewCount="10596" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having a midlife crisis and want to start skateboarding! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I actually have to work so I can't take the skateboard out that often. I was thinking that there may be something that I can do in the house while watching TV that will help with my skateboarding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen balance boards where you stand on a board, the board sits on top of a cylinder and you essentially can rock left/right as the cylinder rolls underneath the board. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luno2012.hubpages.com/hub/How-to-make-your-own-Indo-Board-balance-board&quot;&gt;Here's a link to how to build your own.&lt;/a&gt;  There are other variations. Some actually look like a skateboard deck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will this help me develop balance on the skateboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="150" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T20:50:46.023" Title="Does using a balance board help with skateboarding balance? If not what can help?" Tags="|training|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1252" CreationDate="2012-07-28T10:10:25.457" Score="44" ViewCount="31589" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just now I saw Michael Phelps competing in the 400m Medley heats (London Olympics 2012). After he finished the race, I saw him take off two caps. I can imagine that a swimmer uses one, but what is the reason for wearing two caps? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this something new? Does it help him swim faster?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="392" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-08-11T17:57:51.010" LastActivityDate="2021-08-11T17:57:51.010" Title="Why do some swimmers wear two caps?" Tags="|equipment|swimming|olympics|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1236" CreationDate="2012-07-28T16:31:59.483" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is for speed- if you have your goggles on over your cap it upsets water flow, so the second cap over that holds the goggles safely on and streamlines the head. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, it's an infinitesimally small benefit, but at that level it is important. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, some sports manufacturers make some specifically to be worn like this to reduce drag further. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-07-28T17:02:37.430" LastActivityDate="2012-07-28T17:02:37.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1234" CreationDate="2012-07-28T22:31:25.060" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The single best thing you can do to get better at skateboarding is stop watching TV and go out and skate. It won't take you long to get the basics, but having played with various balance boards and decks I can confidently say that while they will improve your balance there is no substitute for just getting out and skating around, up and over kerbs, along streets etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to do it, give up a couple of hours of TV a day and skate solidly. It will work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learnt at age 23, having never skated before, although I had snowboarded and surfed. What did it for me was using a board for my commute - after about 2 weeks I started feeling the movements correctly, and even began to dream about ollying!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-07-29T16:12:32.590" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T16:12:32.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1175" CreationDate="2012-07-29T03:41:32.500" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main benefit for me is in preventing body fluids from pooling in my legs (I have very low blood pressure).  This is billed as assisting in recovery post exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T03:41:32.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1233" CreationDate="2012-07-29T07:49:06.777" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess weight and stability are two important factors. I haven't really figured out what works best for me but when I started with squash and decided to buy rackets, I bought two rackets; one light and &quot;agile&quot; and the other heavier but more &quot;stable&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why I put agile and stable in quotation marks is that they are rather my interpretation of them. I enjoyed playing with the lighter racket in the beginning as it was easier to place the ball with it, but then I started shifting towards the heavier racket with which I felt I had much more power in my shots, only if I could put up with the extra effort. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom line, I don't have a precise answer for you. I would be interested to see a good answer to this question myself. But my best advice is to try out a couple of rackets. In the hall where I play, you can loan rackets and if you like a particular racket they subtract the loan fee from the price when you buy it. Might be worth checking if they have a similar deal where you live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a bit of searching I found some more material on this question, here's an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squashtalk.com/html/whatsqu/racquet1.htm&quot;&gt;one source&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight of the racquet&lt;/strong&gt; - The weight of the racquet is its most obvious&#xA;  characteristic, and the weights are quite variable. ...  Stronger materials&#xA;  must be used to allow a racquet to be fabricated at a lighter weight.&#xA;  ... &lt;em&gt;A lighter racquet lets the player &quot;feel&quot; the ball as he hits it. This gives the&#xA;  beginner an impression of control.&lt;/em&gt; However, it is the experienced&#xA;  player who can best use a light racquet. The beginner will have a lot&#xA;  of difficulty with the necessary accuracy required to use a light&#xA;  racquet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In summary, a lighter racquet is easier to swing and give better&#xA;  &quot;feel&quot; of the ball, but also will be harder to control and will be&#xA;  more expensive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Balance of the racquet&lt;/strong&gt; - ... It is usually fairly&#xA;  easy to feel when the racquet has &quot;bad balance&quot; -- that is if it is&#xA;  head heavy or head light. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stiffness of the racquet&lt;/strong&gt; - Racquets vary totally with regard to their&#xA;  &quot;whippiness.&quot; ... The best racquet for you&#xA;  will be dependent on your style of play and your level of expertise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shape of the racquet head&lt;/strong&gt; - ... In general, larger racquet heads give you a greater&#xA;  margin for error and also additional power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Racquet material: Strength and durability&lt;/strong&gt; - Racquets are made with a&#xA;  confusing array of composite materials. The latest racquet rage are&#xA;  the Titanium lines that have been introduced by almost all&#xA;  manufacturers. In most cases, these are titanium/graphite composites.&#xA;  Although they play with great power and control, almost all of the&#xA;  titanium frames have had breakage problems. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durability track record&lt;/strong&gt; - Check with other squash players and your&#xA;  squash retailer to learn about the durability record of your candidate&#xA;  racquet. Squash racquet models are surprisingly divergent in their&#xA;  durability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The grip&lt;/strong&gt; - Don't worry about the grip in selecting your racquet. You&#xA;  can easily modify the grip later by replacing the grip, &quot;building-up&quot;&#xA;  thickness in the grip, or reshaping the grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... and here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arunsquashclub.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=105%3achoosing-the-right-squash-racket&amp;amp;catid=1%3alatest-news&amp;amp;Itemid=50&quot;&gt;another source&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When you buy a squash racket for the first time you may not be&#xA;  thinking of the weight, balance, head size, strings and grip. But then&#xA;  again should you? As long as the racket looks and feels good to you&#xA;  personally, then the chances are that you will probably play well with&#xA;  it, for a while at least. However, as you improve all these factors&#xA;  may help you to decide which racket best suites your playing style.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Generally heavyweight rackets are &gt; 160g, mid-weight rackets are&#xA;  between 160g and 140g and finally lightweight rackets are usually &amp;lt;&#xA;  140g. To add to the confusion most weights shown on rackets are&#xA;  unstrung, and with the strings these rackets can weigh a little bit&#xA;  more. But as a general rule the heaver a racket the more power you get&#xA;  on the shot. The lighter a racket the more control and feel you get&#xA;  when playing a shot. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The feel of a racket will also depend on its balance point from the&#xA;  base of the handle. For example, if you try to balance your racket&#xA;  using your finger between the racket head and handle. This is normally&#xA;  shown in centimetres, the higher the number the lighter the head of&#xA;  the racket is. The lighter the head, the less power you get on the&#xA;  shot and more control and maneuverability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Head size matters? The larger the head size of a&#xA;  racket the bigger the sweat spot (&gt;490 cm2). A racket with a larger&#xA;  sweat spot will be more forgiving when you play those bad shots, off&#xA;  centre of the racket head where the maximum power and control is&#xA;  achieved. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;String type and tension is another factor to consider, and contrary to&#xA;  most people’s belief, tighter racket strings give more control, looser&#xA;  racket strings give more power. It is therefore, possible to alter the&#xA;  playing characteristics of a racket by changing the tension and&#xA;  strings when the racket is restrung. ...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The grip is very much part of the racket and generally helps you feel the shot you are playing along&#xA;  with the type of strings you use. Change your grip if it looks old and&#xA;  tatty and you will instantly notice how good the racket feels (a new&#xA;  grip maybe worth a point or two in a game). When you buy a new squash&#xA;  racket it is recommended that you put on an over-grip since most&#xA;  squash rackets come with very small grips. If the grip is too small,&#xA;  then there is a tendency to hold the racket too tightly to control it.&#xA;  As a result you will find it difficult to play any deceptive and touch&#xA;  shots properly as your hand and wrist is too stiff. Put on an&#xA;  over-grip that lets your hand comfortably hold the racquet without&#xA;  having to hold it tightly. As a general rule you should have about a&#xA;  one finger width of space between the palm of your hand and the tips&#xA;  of your fingers when gripping the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2012-07-29T08:14:49.660" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T08:14:49.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1242" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-30T13:27:30.707" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T13:27:30.707" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T13:27:30.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1243" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-30T13:27:30.707" Score="0" Body="Carrom is a family of tableboard games with gameplay that lies somewhere between billiards and table shuffleboard. Carrom is known by many names around the world and the formal rules for the game were not published until 1988." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T19:35:11.360" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T19:35:11.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1245" CreationDate="2012-07-30T13:57:35.190" Score="5" ViewCount="1419" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 29 July 2012, in the 200m freestyle qualifying heat, Nimrod Shapira Bar-On (from Israel) wore a swim cap with another person's name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zi3MH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:06:35.533" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:06:35.533" Title="Why did a swimmer wear a swim cap with someone else's name?" Tags="|equipment|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1244" CreationDate="2012-07-30T13:57:35.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nimrod Shapira Bar-On came second in his qualifying heat in the 200m freestyle, Shapira Bar-On had put Jonathan Koplev‘s name on his swim cap – Koplev was supposed to participate in London-2012 Olympic but had his appendectomy burst and made ​​him stay home (&lt;a href=&quot;http://israel21c.org/blog/olympic-dreams-dashed/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first reason you can think about is a gesture of Nimrod Shapira Bar-On to Jonathan Koplev but surprisingly it's not the reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real reason was that Nimrod didn't get a swim cap with his name and chose to wear Koplev‘s swim cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;IOC's (Israel Olympic Association) response: &quot;Something like this should not happen. Speedo company sent a letter with a severe reprimand demand explanations, and comprehensive investigation we will with our return to Israel. Most sincere apologies to Nimrod.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Israel Swimming Association chairman, Noam Zvi: &quot;Speedo not made ​​him a cap with the name. Only two days ago we realized there was a problem. We tried to organize a union cap soon, but have fallen short. &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Speedo&quot; response: &quot;The company has provided sets of clothes for five swimmers that it adopts, and Shapira Bar-Or is not one of them. Speedo company does not adopt the Swimming Association and is not committed to providing swimmers equipment. Name of the swimmer Shapira Bar-Or was in the list forwarded to us from an association swimming, but since there were no dimensions, and there was no liability to pay, a cap with his name was not printed in. as a goodwill gesture Shapira&#xA;  Bar-Or received a late-model caps in London without a print of his name.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="13458" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T10:35:45.473" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T10:35:45.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1249" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:28:25.480" Score="11" ViewCount="15753" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst watching the current London Olympics I noticed that out of the 10 scores shown for each dive in synchronised diving, a few a crossed out each time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are a few of the scores always crossed out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T10:15:41.653" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T10:15:41.653" Title="On the scoring system for synchronised diving" Tags="|olympics|scoring|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1247" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:30:30.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad, also known informally as London 2012, began in London, United Kingdom, on 27 July and will continue until 12 August 2012. Around 10,500 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are expected to participate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:53:38.500" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:53:38.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1248" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:30:30.620" Score="0" Body="Questions about the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad, also known informally as London 2012.   " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T14:53:38.500" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:53:38.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1246" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:40:52.250" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer: to prevent a judge from manipulating scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest and lowest scores are discarded (crossed out) and the middle scores are summed, weighted by 3/5, then multiplied by the degree of difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For London 2012, each overall score will be based on a middle score for each diver's execution and three middle scores for synchronization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FINA defines the structure of scoring in diving &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/H2O/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=904&amp;amp;Itemid=570&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T15:46:11.310" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T15:46:11.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1250" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:50:26.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, sometimes while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally-recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Diving is one of the most popular Olympic sports with spectators. Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T19:35:21.080" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T19:35:21.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1251" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-30T14:50:26.017" Score="0" Body="Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, sometimes while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally-recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T19:35:28.193" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T19:35:28.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1236" CreationDate="2012-07-30T15:29:01.147" Score="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, most swimmers at this level of competition wear two caps. Dana Vollmer, who won gold with a new world-record time in the 100m butterfly, actually &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/blog=olympic-talk/post/dana-vollmer-loses-swim-cap-mid-race-then-breaks-world-record.html&quot;&gt;lost her outer cap&lt;/a&gt; in the pool on the return leg of that event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the first reason; redundancy. These caps are latex rubber, which doesn't mix well with chlorine and will eventually degrade, and as Dana's swim shows, even a brand-new cap can slip right off. If the swimmer, especially a female swimmer, had only one cap, losing it and releasing their hair would drastically increase the drag they have to swim against in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, as Rory states, a common (though not universal) way to put all your headgear on is to put one swim cap on, then put your goggles on, then cover the goggle strap with another swim cap. Not only does it reduce drag on the goggle strap (which is minor), it helps keep your goggles in one place (MUCH more important). I was on a swim team when I was much younger, and I lost count of how many times the shock of entering the water ripped my goggles right off my eyes. You still have to swim if it happens, but it becomes a HUGE distraction that can take you right out of the race. At your average junior swim meet, losing a race to your goggles is embarassing but not devastating. At the Olympics, it would be a heartbreaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T14:46:48.627" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T14:46:48.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1440" CreationDate="2012-07-30T15:48:49.693" Score="7" ViewCount="1507" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware that different &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pba.com/OilPatterns&quot;&gt;oil patterns&lt;/a&gt; are used in the sport of bowling. Common oil patterns are the cheetah, chameleon, scorpion, shark, and viper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the significance of oil patterns in bowling? How are strategies changed to accomodate for specific oil patterns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-08-22T22:01:16.667" Title="Oil Patterns in Bowling" Tags="|strategy|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1262" CreationDate="2012-07-30T18:29:34.333" Score="6" ViewCount="2809" Body="&lt;p&gt;In scoring routines in gymnastics, there is &quot;theoretically no limit to the score a gymnast can achieve.&quot; However, the highest score judges can award for the execution of a routine is 10. Furthermore, &quot;17&quot; and &quot;perfect 10&quot; are often synonymous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the former, has a score greater than 7 ever been awarded for the difficulty of a gymnast's routine? If theoretically possible, how does a gymnast's routine accomplish this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A summary of the scoring system in gymnastics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A panel of judges score the execution of the routine. This score starts at 10 and decreases with each deductable instance, such as taking a step when landing a dismount or falling off a balance beam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another panel of judges score the difficulty of the routine. This score starts at 0 and increases with every skill/combination performed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sample routine score:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cbm03.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Sample Routine Score&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-07-28T11:00:48.017" LastActivityDate="2021-07-28T11:00:48.017" Title="How are gymnastics routines scored?" Tags="|olympics|scoring|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1255" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-30T19:02:25.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag is for questions about the sport of ten-pin bowling, where players roll a heavy smooth ball at speed along a narrow oiled wood-floor lane in order to knock down as many pins as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This tag is not to be used for questions about the act of bowling in cricket.&lt;/strong&gt; See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/388/bowling-tag-usage-any-reason-for-dual-definitions&quot;&gt;this discussion on Sports SE Meta&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-07-16T00:10:44.117" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T00:10:44.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1256" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-30T19:02:25.443" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of ten-pin bowling. This tag is not to be used for the act of bowling in cricket." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-07-16T00:10:44.117" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T00:10:44.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1257" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-30T19:57:56.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Drafting refers primarily to a technique in mechanized racing such as in motorsports and bicycle racing. When running alone, away from other competitors, or in the lead of a group, a car or bicyclist must cut through undisturbed air. This typically increases drag on that competitor, reducing their speed or increasing the amount of energy (or fuel) spent maintaining a particular pace. It also creates an area of calm air immediately behind them, followed by an area of turbulent air as the competitor's &quot;wake&quot; or &quot;boundary layer&quot; closes in behind them. Players close behind this leading competitor experience reduced drag while in this area, and thus can maintain a similar pace to the lead competitor while expending less energy/fuel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drafting is a very important concept in road bicycle racing, where teams of racers (and even racers of competing teams) often take turns in the lead cycling position, giving other racers on the team (such as their &quot;sprinter&quot; or team leader) an easier time on long, grueling road stages. Long-distance bicycle racing often creates &quot;alliances of convenience&quot;; two or three &quot;breakaway&quot; racers will collude among themselves to conserve energy by swapping lead positions, gaining an advantage over the larger peloton which is more crowded and has more competition for spots toward the front of the pack. This alliance among breakaway riders may continue up to the last few hundred meters of a race, where it finally breaks down into a headlong every-man-for-themselves sprint for the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drafting is also important in most circuit autosports, such as NASCAR, Indy Car, GT, Formula 1 and motorcycle classes. Here, racers often draft behind a car they are intending to pass, which produces a rather long wake that the trailing car can sit in and build up a head of speed prior to moving out from behind the lead car to make the pass. However, they must often balance the benefit gained from being in the lead car's &quot;wake&quot; with getting an increased amount of &quot;dirty air&quot; (containing the exhaust gases of the lead car and thus less suitable for proper engine aspiration); the closer the trailing car is to the lead car, the more advantage they get from the wake but the more dirty air they get (and the less room they have to build speed for a pass).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In competitive swimming, swimmers in adjacent lanes to a leading swimmer often gain a small advantage from the wake produced by the leading swimmer, which they can &quot;surf&quot; to conserve some energy. This is often seen in longer &quot;endurance&quot; events (400m or more) in preliminary heats, where it's not necessary to win in order to advance. In finals, swimmers may take some advantage from it early, but falling behind early to surf the wake means they must be that much faster to chase down the leader and out-touch them at the very end. It's often better to be the lead swimmer, assuming one has the stamina to maintain a lead pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:40:36.247" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:40:36.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1258" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-30T19:57:56.273" Score="0" Body="For questions related to the racing technique of drafting, where trailing competitors take advantage of the wake produced by a leading competitor." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:41:15.107" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:41:15.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-30T20:23:17.613" Score="-2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;When riding a road bike at high speed, for instance in the Tour de France, I have heard that the severity of injuries tend to be decreased as speed increases, as this allows the cyclist to &quot;roll&quot;, and somehow this decreases the chance of breaking bones for example. This seems contrary to my basic knowledge of physics and momentum, so, is it true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="670" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-24T13:41:20.183" LastActivityDate="2012-10-24T13:41:20.183" Title="Does the chance of serious injury when road biking decrease with speed?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2012-09-06T18:30:51.520" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1259" CreationDate="2012-07-30T22:29:47.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the chance of serious injury when road biking decrease with speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; Risk for serious injury increases with increasing speed. If a vehicle crashing at relatively &lt;a href=&quot;http://blackchapman.com/medical-legal-journal/personal-injury-law/low-speed-car-accidents-may-cause-serious-injuries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;low speed&lt;/a&gt; has a high risk of serious injury, I cannot imagine how increased speed would yield decreased risk of serious injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The reason slow crashes can sometimes hurt the most is that you don’t have any momentum in your body to roll or spin out of it - instead, you hit the ﬂoor square on and your elbow and hip take all the impact..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the cited technique gives you a chance (if any) to avoid serious injury. However, this does not mean that increased speed decreases risk of serious injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T13:42:53.967" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T13:42:53.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1261" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1276" CreationDate="2012-07-31T05:12:13.490" Score="-8" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just bought a new tennis net and discovered that it's 42 feet long which I assume is the standard. I've also just discovered that my poles are 39 feet apart so the net is too long to fit between the poles. Do shorter tennis nets exist and where do you get them from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Typically the net standards are placed 3 feet outside the outer lines&#xA;  of the doubles court, making the net length a total of 42 feet from&#xA;  pole to pole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that the standards on my court are much closer to the outer lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="671" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T16:53:04.753" Title="Where can I get non-standard tennis net?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-09-06T18:26:56.893" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1254" CreationDate="2012-07-31T09:39:41.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've covered most of the points but I'll try to add a bit of explanation around them now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring system is governed by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Points_%28artistic_gymnastics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Code of Points&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The codes were overhauled in 2006 (following controversy in the 2004 games).  Previously, perfect 10 was the best that a gymnast could score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the new code:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 is the absolute maximum that can be awarded for &lt;strong&gt;execution&lt;/strong&gt;.  The judges start at 10 and then deduct an amount for each error such as wobbles, balance issues, extra footsteps etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Small errors have a 0.1 deduction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Medium errors have a 0.3 deduction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Large errors have a 0.5 deduction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Falling from a piece of apparatus has a 1.0 deduction.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the execution (E) score, there is a separate panel of judges scoring the &lt;strong&gt;difficulty&lt;/strong&gt; (D) score.  This comprises of three elements: Difficulty Value (DV), Composition Requirements (CR) and Connection Value (CV).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The D-score (or Difficulty score) evaluates the content of the exercise on three criteria: the Difficulty Value (DV), Composition Requirements (CR) and Connection Value (CV).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;DV: The difficulty value of the eight highest value elements of the routine, including the dismount, are added together. Elements are ranked depending on their difficulty; for example on beam, a back layout salto to two feet is given a difficulty of E, and a back layout salto with a full twist is given a difficulty of G. For a G skill a gymnast earns 0.7; for an E, he or she earns 0.5 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CR: Gymnasts must demonstrate skills from five required Element Groups on each apparatus. A gymnast may use skills to fulfill the DV and the CR simultaneously. For each CR presented, 0.5 points are awarded. A maximum score of 2.50 points may be earned here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CV: Additional points are given for connections of two or more elements of specific value, with 0.1 or 0.2 points apiece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, with that scoring system, there is no upper-limit to the number of points that a gymnast can accumulate on the D-score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for gymnasts who have scored (or attempted to score) more than 7.0, I can think of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Shanshan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Li Shanshan&lt;/a&gt;, whose difficulty rating was 7.3 on the beam&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastia_Liukin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nastia Liukin&lt;/a&gt;, who has an uneven bars routine of 7.7 and scored 17.1 with it in the 2008 Visa Championships&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you fancy trying Liukin's routine yourself(!) it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Glide kip cast to HS (KCHS), Stalder shoot to HB (Ray); KCHS, Pike stalder 1/2 to eagle grip, Eagle endo, Ono, Healy, Ono 1/2, Gienger; KCHS, Pike stalder, Tkachev; KCHS, Pak salto; KCHS 1/2, Toe shoot to HB; KCHS, Giant 1/2 to eagle, double front 1/2 dismount&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T08:57:38.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1282" CreationDate="2012-07-31T12:35:13.023" Score="6" ViewCount="2677" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am enjoying playing golf, hitting a straight ball (usually around a 210-yard drive). However, I am always slightly intimidated/put off by the guys in some of the competitions that can hit a drive 75-100 yards further than I can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been told it's all about getting good clubhead speed, not power. So, what can I do to improve my driving?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="672" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T21:34:13.827" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T21:34:13.827" Title="Improving driving" Tags="|golf|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1263" CreationDate="2012-07-31T12:52:18.113" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A strong core is essential to a strong, balanced golf swing. This is because the core links the upper and lower bodies. The stronger the core, the more power the body can generate for more clubhead speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/fitnesshealth/a/stationarymed.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SOURCE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, lighter clubs contribute to more clubhead speed, but control is sacrificed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fast swinger dropping 30 grams from his or her driver will pick up 3&#xA;miles per hour of ball speed, more than offsetting the loss of 1 mph&#xA;of ball speed due to less mass in the head. The bottom line: a boost&#xA;of nearly eight yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-tours-news/2010-10/golf-johnson-equipment#ixzz22CstzbqB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SOURCE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for exercises to strengthen your core, I recommend the following (take a look at the linked videos/visual explanations for further detail):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Do-Crunches&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Crunches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/video_4982064_mason-twist-exercise.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mason Twist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a sitting position with heels off the ground, clasp your hands together and touch the ground with the back of your clasped hand on each side of your body. Using weights (or a kettlebell or a medicine ball) makes this exercise more effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Do-Leg-Lifts&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Leg Lifts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lying down with your legs straight out, heels off the ground by 6 inches, lift your legs (while keeping them as straight as you can) to a 90 degree angle and lower them back to 6 inches. For more of a challenge, do it slowly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://exercise.about.com/library/blbicyclevideo.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bicycles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lying down with your legs straight out, bend one leg toward your upper body and move both your legs as you would if you were riding a bicycle. As you do that, crunch toward the side where your knee is bent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: If you have a desk job, I recommend replacing your office chair with an exercise ball. Anything to help your core out during the day. I would also look into &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/core-stabilization-76&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;core stability&lt;/a&gt;....also helps in treating lower back pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T14:28:54.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1265" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-31T12:59:22.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sea kayak or touring kayak is a kayak developed for the sport of paddling on open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sea kayaks are seaworthy small boats with a covered deck and the ability to incorporate a spraydeck.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They trade off the maneuverability of whitewater kayaks for higher cruising speed, cargo capacity, ease of straight-line paddling, and comfort for long journeys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sea kayaks are used around the world for marine (sea) journeys from a few hours to many weeks, as they can accommodate one to three paddlers together with room for camping gear, food, water, and other supplies. A sea kayak usually ranges anywhere from 10–18 feet (3–5½ meters) for solo craft, and up to 26 feet (8 meters) for tandem craft. Width may be as little as 21&quot; (50 cm), and may be up to 36&quot; (90 cm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:40:44.747" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:40:44.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1266" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-31T12:59:22.930" Score="0" Body="A sea kayak or touring kayak is a kayak developed for the sport of paddling on open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean.  " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:41:01.953" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:41:01.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1267" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:01:22.333" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T23:22:33.653" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T23:22:33.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1268" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:01:22.333" Score="0" Body="For questions about the game of snooker, a cue or billiards sport of English-Indian origin. Questions that are about a snooker situation, where a player has no direct legal shot, should be tagged only for the actual game." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-14T01:53:55.127" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T01:53:55.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1269" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:02:14.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboarding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Skateboarding&lt;/a&gt; is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 2002 report found that there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. 85% of skateboarders polled who had used a board in the last year were under the age of 18, and 74% were male.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Skateboarding is relatively modern. Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, bikers and inline skaters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T12:36:11.027" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T12:36:11.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1270" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:02:14.813" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of skateboarding." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-28T17:22:14.143" LastActivityDate="2013-03-28T17:22:14.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1271" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:03:00.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A process of deciding who gets into the (main) event of a sports tournament&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:41:06.043" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:41:06.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1272" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:03:00.867" Score="0" Body="A process of deciding who gets into the (main) event of a sports tournament" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:40:41.643" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:40:41.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1273" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:05:38.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indoor climbing is an increasingly popular form of rock climbing performed on artificial structures that attempt to mimic the experience of outdoor rock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T17:41:11.347" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T17:41:11.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1274" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-31T13:05:38.587" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of indoor rock climbing." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T15:12:52.407" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T15:12:52.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1236" CreationDate="2012-07-31T14:36:55.517" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two caps are also made of different materials.  The inner cap is latex, which stays on the head better, but wrinkles.  The outer cap is silicone, better for reducing drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The outer silicone cap better maintains the shape and does not&#xA;  wrinkle as much, thereby causing less drag,&quot; Salo told Yahoo! Sports. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/why-olympic-level-swimmers-wear-two-caps-003232175--oly.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why do Olympic-level swimmers wear two caps?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="648" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T07:08:22.517" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T07:08:22.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1261" CreationDate="2012-07-31T15:04:31.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the court was lined for adults, then the posts are in the wrong position, and I don't think you'll be able to find a net to accommodate their incorrect position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the court was lined for children, then you can use one of the 18 feet or 10 feet nets here &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/catpage-COURTEQT.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/catpage-COURTEQT.html&lt;/a&gt;, and not use your posts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Measure the distance between the singles sidelines (27 feet), the doubles sidelines (36 feet) and the length of the court (78 feet).  Take all measurements to the outside of the line.  If the measurements are as I provide, then you have an adult court, and should have the net posts re-installed in their correct position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T15:04:31.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1277" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1278" CreationDate="2012-07-31T22:23:03.773" Score="12" ViewCount="3514" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the ruling about losing a shoe when the ball is still in play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the player still play or does he need to get it back before continue playing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T08:50:42.423" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T22:01:59.487" Title="What happens when a player loses a shoe during the course of the game?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1277" CreationDate="2012-07-31T23:29:32.287" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule I can find in the rules of basketball that says a player must remain shod (shoed?) during play of the game while the ball is live. Therefore, a player who loses a shoe must stay on the court until the next stoppage (timeout or foul call, usually). They are not allowed to leave the court to put the shoe back on (that's a technical foul for too few players on the court). They may move to the side and try to put their shoe on, or they may continue to be part of the play, but if you try running along a basketball court and then suddenly stopping or changing direction with a stocking foot you'll realize there's just no way, especially for a forward or center who has to maneuver in traffic. A shooting guard, maybe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; happen is the player's team should get a stoppage of play; get hold of the ball, take a 20-second time out, let the guy put his shoe on or bench him. However, that doesn't always happen immediately:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4LM6OKzJqE&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4LM6OKzJqE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2012/5/22/3037799/video-mike-miller-doesnt-need-a-shoe-to-play-basketball&quot;&gt;http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2012/5/22/3037799/video-mike-miller-doesnt-need-a-shoe-to-play-basketball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRd6welKAYI&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRd6welKAYI&lt;/a&gt; (IMO that should have been a technical)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T15:38:11.770" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T15:38:11.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1281" CreationDate="2012-08-01T18:12:18.340" Score="7" ViewCount="1342" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sent this question to the USGA, based on a situation from my last round; we'll see what they say in about a month (if that), but I thought I'd let you guys have a try as I'll be playing the same course before the USGA's likely to get back to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDITED:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player's ball has come to rest in bounds against the outside edge&#xA;(opposite to the fairway) of a formed concrete cart path running&#xA;roughly parallel to the line of play, which is an immovable&#xA;obstruction. This cart path travels perpendicular to the incline of a&#xA;hill rising away from the fairway, such that the nearest point of&#xA;relief from the current lie (the closest point perpendicular to the&#xA;desired line of play at which the cart path no longer impedes the&#xA;player's stance or swing) is further up the incline. The player takes&#xA;relief under Rule 24-2b(i) by dropping the ball at this nearest point&#xA;of relief. The ball hits the turf and rolls back down the incline,&#xA;again coming to rest against the outside of the cart path, thus&#xA;requiring a re-drop under 20-2c. This has the same result, and again under rule 20-2c, the ball is required to be placed at the spot; it still rolls, and rolls again when replaced under 20-3, and no suitable point within a clublength of the nearest point of relief can be found where the ball will remain where it is placed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player and his fellow-competitors concede that attempting to take&#xA;relief at the determined point is futile. So, the player determines a new &amp;quot;nearest&#xA;point of relief&amp;quot; to be on the opposite side of the cart path, and&#xA;drops a ball at that point. The ball then rolls down the incline onto&#xA;the fairway (not nearer the hole), coming to rest more than two&#xA;clublengths away from the point of relief, and thus requiring a&#xA;re-drop under 20-2c; however, the situation is similar, as whether dropped or placed the ball is almost certain to roll into a position violating 20-2 or 20-3. A fellow-competitor also says that this is a violation of Rule 13-2 as, in taking relief, the player has moved his ball from the rough to the fairway, thus dramatically improving its lie and the line of play beyond what is reasonable to allow in taking relief from the obstruction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player and fellow-competitors decide on two solutions they feel to&#xA;be equitable: first, to allow the player to play the ball as it now&#xA;lies &lt;em&gt;under penalty of one stroke&lt;/em&gt;; or second, to return the ball to&#xA;its original lie, and then use the procedure under Rule 28b&#xA;(determining a point on a line between the lie and the hole and behind&#xA;the current lie) to define the &amp;quot;nearest point of relief&amp;quot; at which the&#xA;player may take relief under 24-2b(i) &lt;em&gt;without penalty&lt;/em&gt;. The player is&#xA;given the choice and chooses the latter, and the ball is dropped&#xA;successfully at a point 25 yards behind the initial lie, inside the&#xA;cart path, and played from that spot to completion of the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did the players proceed correctly? Would it also have been correct to&#xA;choose the first option?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; edmastermind29's answer to the question as originally stated is completely true and correct; the ball should be placed at the nearest point of relief if after both a drop and re-drop the ball comes to rest in a spot where the obstruction interferes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Rule 20-3d states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball when placed fails to come to rest on the spot on which it was placed, there is no penalty and the ball must be replaced. If it still fails to come to rest on that spot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) except in a hazard, it must be placed at the nearest spot where it can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole and not in a hazard;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We may assume, for the purposes of this question, that the hill is steep enough that the ball will roll when placed as well as when dropped; that the crest of the hill is out of bounds; and thus that the &amp;quot;nearest spot where the [the ball] can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole&amp;quot; is at the edge of the fairway near the bottom of the incline (this really was the situation; the hill, being mostly in the rough, was not being watered due to drought conditions, and as a result what grass there was was thin, dormant and providing virtually no rolling resistance). Thus, the situation would have been the same after the correct procedures were followed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 13-2 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player must not improve or allow to be improved:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the position or lie of his ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T20:34:46.123" Title="Relief from cart path on a hill" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1280" CreationDate="2012-08-01T18:39:35.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is re-dropped at &quot;the closest point perpendicular to the desired line of play at which the cart path no longer impedes the player's stance or swing&quot; but once again satisfies rule 20-2c of when to re-drop, the end of rule 20-2c states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball when re-dropped rolls into any position listed [in rule 20-2c], it&#xA;  must be placed as near as possible to the spot where it first struck a&#xA;  part of the course when re-dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the ball must be placed given the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball to be placed under the Rules must be placed by the player or&#xA;  his partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Did the players proceed correctly? Would it also have been correct to&#xA;  choose the first option?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The options should have not been considered, let alone determining a new &quot;nearest point of relief,&quot; as the ball would have been placed &quot;as near as possible to the spot where it first struck a part of the course&quot; after a re-drop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T18:39:35.700" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1263" CreationDate="2012-08-01T20:18:27.450" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first thing you must understand is that a 210-yard drive that flies in the direction you want it to go is &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; preferred over a drive that would have gone 300 yards had it not taken that huge right turn in mid air and sailed out of bounds. A &amp;quot;grip it and rip it&amp;quot; mentality will be far more detrimental to your score than a shorter drive distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, yes, the professional players have great drives. However, they &amp;quot;drive for show, and putt for dough&amp;quot;. Tiger can hit an 8-iron 180 yards and can drive well over 300. He still takes his putter with him for the round (even when he leaves his driver behind). Given that you can put a drive, wood or long iron shot on the fairway, and have at least one club in your bag that can reach that par-3 green (most par-3s I've seen are in mid-iron range, with a couple 200-yarders requiring a wood shot; they don't tend to test the 240-yard upper limit of what you can call a par-3, at least not from the normal Men's tee box), it's the short game that determines your score for a hole; I've had beautiful tee shots ruined by skulling the approach chip shot, and made the green in regulation only to four-putt. The drive distance used as a benchmark for the USGA's hypothetical &amp;quot;scratch golfer&amp;quot; (and thus for determining the par of a hole and course difficulty ratings) is only 250 yards, so if you can drive that distance, you can achieve a zero handicap. More distance is always desirable (until you're carrying your drives over the green into a lake) but never at the expense of accuracy and control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, 210 yards is more like a good 3-wood distance than a drive, and it's understandable that you would want to improve that (again, not by much). Here are some dos and don'ts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do take a second look at your driver.&lt;/strong&gt; Drive distance is a function of the golfer &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the club; the club should fit the player. The two biggest areas of change are the flex of the shaft, and the loft angle of the clubface. Shaft flex determines how energy is stored and released in the shaft during your swing; too whippy and the shaft is still flexed at impact, too much and the shaft doesn't flex (or releases what little you had too early). Just right and the shaft straightens right at impact, producing maximum clubhead speed for the swing. Loft angle determines the ball's launch angle and the amount of backspin it has. A higher launch angle keeps the ball in the air longer so it can carry further, but the energy sending it higher is no longer sending it out, and the increased backspin will reduce rollout distance. A lower launch angle uses more of the swing energy to send the ball out over the course instead of up in the air, and reduces backspin for more rollout, but because of the reduced &amp;quot;hang time&amp;quot;, the ball may not carry as far as you'd want it to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a balance point to all of this that maximizes total distance for a player's individual swing; the average golfer generally gets the best results out of a driver with 10.5 degrees of loft and a &amp;quot;regular&amp;quot; shaft flex. &amp;quot;Regular&amp;quot; differs slightly between clubmakers, but generally falls in a bell curve. This combination produces the best distance from a correct swing between 80 and 95mph at impact. Golfers with a lower swing speed may benefit either from a lighter flex to increase the &amp;quot;whip&amp;quot; effect at impact, a higher loft to increase hang time, or both. Golfers with a higher swing speed may benefit from some combination of a stiffer flex to allow them to store and properly release more power during their downswing, and a lower loft angle which reduces the launch trajectory, using the player's greater power to send the ball out instead of up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do take a look at your preferred ball&lt;/strong&gt;. Golf balls these days have a lot of subtle variations that can produce significant changes in flight path and energy transfer. One of the key variations is the compression rating or &amp;quot;hardness&amp;quot; of the ball, which determines two things; the &amp;quot;feel&amp;quot; of the shot (a harder high-compression ball feels like hitting a rock which can be good for players who want to dial in their ball-striking; a softer low-compression ball will reduce the shock through the shaft at impact which can be preferable to players seeking a &amp;quot;smoother&amp;quot; feel), and the amount of backspin (the softer a ball is, the more of its surface that will be in contact with the clubface at impact).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common misconception is that you have to match this rating to your swing speed in order to get the best performance; players with slower swings should use a softer ball. This isn't true; while theoretically the physics involved would indicate that a slower swing compresses the ball less, in practice the difference is insignificant. What you have to match is the feel and the spin characteristics of the ball to your personal preference and game needs; a lower-compression ball trades drive distance for that smooth shot that sticks on the green, while a higher-compression ball will launch straight off the club like a rocket and roll out for an additional 20-30 yards, but will feel like a rock and won't stay where you put it on those close-in shots (unless your home course has really soft greens).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do compare your drive distance to the distance from your other clubs.&lt;/strong&gt; Especially pay attention to the difference between your driver and 3-wood, and between your woods and irons. Your driver distance is about what I'd expect a 3-wood to do (on a good day; often I have to choke down on or soften my 3-wood swing for a straight shot and that drops about 20 yards). So, take your driver and 3-wood out to the range and look at the relative distances. If you're hitting them about the same, that indicates that you're doing something different with the driver that's sapping range (or that the driver is a very bad fit for you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get a decent spread through your woods (between 20-40 yards difference between odd-numbered lofts depending on the exact clubs; the modern driver's designed for pure distance off the tee, and so it may outclass the 3-wood of the same model line by a greater margin than between a 3 and 5), then pull out your 4 or 5 iron and take a few swings. Your 4 iron (or hybrid) should be getting you about 20-30 yards less than your 3-wood, and each progressively higher loft number through the irons should be producing about 10 fewer yards. If any of these clubs goes about the same distance or longer than the next longer club, you're changing something between your wood swing and iron swing that is reducing distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do get a club fitting.&lt;/strong&gt; You can find the right club two ways: by guessing, buying a club, figuring out which way you erred, and buying a new club to correct, then rinsing and repeating until you find exactly the right one (or you're broke); or, by going to a custom clubfitter and getting a swing analysis. You'll stand in a computerized driving range and hit balls off a tee, while a high-speed camera watches the clubhead and ball at impact, producing data such as clubhead speed, launch speed, launch angle, backspin and side spin, which it can use to model the ball in flight and compute carry distance and rolling distance (and thus total distance), as well as undesirable flight patterns like slices and hooks. You'll try several demo clubs in various launch angles and shaft flexes, to find the one that maximizes the distance of your current swing. When you're done, you should know at least what loft angle and shaft flex to shop for, if not a particular brand or model of club that just felt right and went the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do pay attention to what muscles you're using as you swing.&lt;/strong&gt; A good swing engages all the muscles that can be employed to add acceleration to that clubhead, in a balance that maintains your alignment with the ball and the desired direction of travel. However, a bad swing engages muscles to extremes, or involves movements that pull you out of alignment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your core is a good place to start. Specifically, your obliques will rotate your shoulders, and your pecs, lats and delts will rotate your arms. Your legs play a minor role, but you do twist at the hips a little which engages the quads, hamstring, gastronemius, etc. Work on building and toning these groups to gain core and leg strength. Your arms bend slightly as you backswing, and so your triceps enter the picture. Don't over-focus on any of these, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do get a lesson or two.&lt;/strong&gt; A professional trainer knows how to swing, and more importantly knows how to teach swinging. If your swing doesn't feel natural or you still think there's something missing, cough up for a couple hours of lessons. An instructor will be able to see what might be wrong with your swing and suggest things to work on, for instance to &amp;quot;unhitch&amp;quot; something you're locking up as you swing, or to engage muscles and joints you're not using, or conversely to reduce overuse of certain groups that bring you out of alignment, thus forcing you to slow something else down to compensate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't just &amp;quot;grip it and rip it&amp;quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; Again, you will lose more in accuracy than you gain in distance by just hauling off and swinging at the ball. When you're working on improving your swing speed, always be thinking &amp;quot;faster&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;harder&amp;quot;. There is a &lt;em&gt;big&lt;/em&gt; difference between those two in a golf swing; a hard swing will use a lot of energy flexing your muscles in conflict with each other, or will focus too much on adding power to one set of muscles which will put some part of your swing ahead of other critical elements. A &amp;quot;fast&amp;quot; swing uses the muscles efficiently to maximize clubhead acceleration while maintaining alignment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't change too many things at once.&lt;/strong&gt; Your friends, your instructor, online videos, answers from this site, etc are all going to recommend things to try. Try one or two things at a time. Again, if you have an accurate drive, you will lose more than you gain by tearing your swing apart and starting from scratch. If you have an accurate drive, more likely than not you won't &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt; to change much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't get discouraged.&lt;/strong&gt; Again, a 210-yard drive that goes where you want it is usually very playable (the only time I can think of where it's otherwise is when you have to carry a water hazard over 200 yards). A 300-yard drive into the trees or that lake on the right side of the fairway is not. You're already ahead of the curve if you have an accurate drive, no matter the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't forget to have fun.&lt;/strong&gt; It's a game. From a probability standpoint you are highly unlikely to make enough money playing the game to cover expenses incurred, and so it's a hobby. You simply don't play a game or pursue a hobby you don't enjoy. If you get outdriven, so what? Drop that chip shot within a foot of the hole and you'll have &lt;em&gt;their&lt;/em&gt; jaws dropping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T20:44:21.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1283" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1364" CreationDate="2012-08-02T01:15:59.353" Score="15" ViewCount="9699" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do swimmers reach their peak performance at a relatively young age compared with track and field athletes? Particularly female swimmers seem to produce their best results in their late teens to early twenties. This seems to be true for both sprint and longer distances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By contrast, track sprinters peak at an older age than swimmers, and endurance runners even older. Is there perhaps a buoyancy issue? Do younger swimmers who are not fully developed physically have an advantage because they have built up the muscles they need through training, but have an overall physique that isn't fully bulked out, meaning less dead weight? Compared with track athletes, a streamlined body is more important since water drag is much greater than air. I would be interested in an answer that addressed the physiology involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-011-9274-9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a study using the career performance of thousands of athletes. Statistically, swimmers peak at 21 and runners at 26. That's what the data says, but the study doesn't go deeply into the physiology of why that might be the case. However, swimmers are still peaking a good 5 years before runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2022-03-20T13:38:56.813" LastActivityDate="2022-03-20T13:38:56.813" Title="Why do swimmers peak at such a young age?" Tags="|swimming|performance|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1283" CreationDate="2012-08-02T11:20:18.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to say that this is a fantastic question, though quite hard to address rigorously. So take my answer with a pinch of salt and keep in mind that it's mostly an idea than a well-posed theory or product of thorough research.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around late teens early 20s the vertical growth of the body is more or less complete and most people usually &quot;bulk up&quot; as you have mentioned. In this period it's not uncommon to gain weight without getting physically much bigger, since the body will mass up in the bigger bones (like femur) and muscle structure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could (as you have also pointed out) be a bigger issue with swimmers than with track runners. Especially short distance runners are usually very muscular in order to get the &quot;explosivity&quot; they need, which builds on a very different type of muscle structure than &quot;endurance&quot; which swimmers perhaps need more often. That however does not explain the variation between swimmers and long-distance runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T11:20:18.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1285" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1315" CreationDate="2012-08-02T11:32:28.933" Score="5" ViewCount="660" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I read about the latest &quot;scandal&quot; at the Olympic games in London, that 8 players (4 pairs) have been disqualified from the Womens' badminton championship due to &quot;not using one's best efforts to win&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19072677&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the article on BBC&lt;/a&gt;). This seems like quite a drastic move by the ruling bodies, and apparently it has caused one of the best players in the sport to quit badminton altogether (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19091234&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither have I seen the games on TV nor am I particularly knowledgeable about badminton regulations but I find the events, the discussion and the outcomes particularly interesting as a sports enthusiast. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions regarding the events are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are the disqualifications justified with the current regulations? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has something like this happened (in this scale that is) in badminton, or any other sport, before?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What implications will this event most likely have on the sport, or the Olympic games as a whole?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdK4vPz0qaI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; showing some parts of the games in question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T12:59:41.820" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T19:11:36.857" Title="Disqualification due to unmotivated play/intentional losing" Tags="|rules|badminton|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1663" CreationDate="2012-08-02T11:45:30.603" Score="8" ViewCount="3277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always been confused by the stats system that is used to rate table tennis rackets. Some companies use a three dimensional scale as: &quot;speed&quot;, &quot;control&quot;, &quot;spin&quot;; while other companies use other stats as well such as &quot;stiffness&quot;, &quot;hardness&quot; and &quot;consistency&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's more confusing is that while the higher number is usually &quot;better&quot; cheaper rackets could be pretty much in the same range as the extremely expensive rackets. Is it so that the rackets are rated in price categories or how does the rating system work really?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:27:12.600" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T09:06:50.117" Title="Interpreting table tennis racket stats" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1289" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:24:17.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cross-training (also known as circuit training) refers to an athlete training in sports other than the one that athlete competes in with a goal of improving overall performance.   It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of each training method, while at the same time attempting to negate the shortcomings of that method by combining it with other methods that address its weaknesses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:09:58.923" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:09:58.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1290" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:24:17.883" Score="0" Body="Cross-training (also known as circuit training) refers to an athlete training in sports other than the one that athlete competes in with a goal of improving overall performance. It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of each training method, while at the same time attempting to negate the shortcomings of that method by combining it with other methods that address its weaknesses." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:10:50.247" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:10:50.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1291" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:25:14.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curling is a sport in which players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four rings.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:10:37.140" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:10:37.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1292" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:25:14.213" Score="0" Body="Curling is a sport in which players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four rings.  " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:10:47.203" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:10:47.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1293" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:27:08.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognize their excellence in a certain field - A certificate of excellence.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Awards are often signified by trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons. An award may carry a monetary prize given to the recipient;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:09:23.093" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:09:23.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1294" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:27:08.380" Score="0" Body="An award is something given to a person or a group of people to recognize their excellence in a certain field - A certificate of excellence.  " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:50:33.277" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:50:33.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1295" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:28:46.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bodybuilding is a form of physical exercise and body modification involving intensive muscle hypertrophy.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In competitive and professional bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their appearance.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bodybuilders prepare for competition through a combination of dehydration, fat loss, oils, and tanning (or tanning lotions) which combined with lighting make the definition of the muscle group more distinct.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Some well-known bodybuilders include Charles Atlas, Steve Reeves, Reg Park, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Lou Ferrigno.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The winner of the annual Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top professional bodybuilder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:09:33.907" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:09:33.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1296" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:28:46.333" Score="0" Body="Bodybuilding is a form of physical exercise and body modification involving intensive muscle hypertrophy." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:09:38.120" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:09:38.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1297" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:29:44.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body affiliated to FIG. Competitive Artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic sports.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It typically involves the women's events of uneven bars, balance beam, floor exercise, and vault. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks, that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Other gymnastic sports include rhythmic gymnastics, the various trampolining sports, aerobic and acrobatic gymnastics. Participants can include children as young as two years old doing kindergym and children's gymnastics, recreational gymnasts of ages 5 and up, competitive gymnasts at varying levels of skill, and world class athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:51:20.637" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:51:20.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1298" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:29:44.150" Score="0" Body="Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:51:10.747" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:51:10.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1299" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:30:35.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racquetball is a racquet sport played with a hollow rubber ball in an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek is credited with inventing the modern sport of racquetball in 1950 (the outdoor, one-wall game goes back to at least 1910 in N.Y.C.), adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and unlike squash no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:14.013" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:14.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1300" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:30:35.270" Score="0" Body="Racquetball is a racquet sport played with a hollow rubber ball in an indoor or outdoor court." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:08.427" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:08.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1301" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:31:39.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sport race is a competition of speed, against an objective criterion, usually a clock or to a specific point. The competitors in a race try to complete a given task in the shortest amount of time. Typically this involves traversing some distance, but it can be any other task involving speed to reach a specific goal. A race may be run continuously from start to finish or may be made of several segments called heats, stages or legs. A heat is usually run over the same course at different times. A stage is a shorter section of a much longer course or a time trial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T12:30:59.030" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T12:30:59.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1302" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:31:39.793" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports with races, or contests of speed. For specfic types of racing, use the tag designated for the specific type of racing such as [auto-racing], [kart-racing], and [road-racing]. For races related to [running], use [marathon], [triathathon], etc." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:43:05.513" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:43:05.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1303" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:33:37.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sport, score is a quantitative measure of the relative performance of opponents in a sporting discipline. Score is usually measured in the abstract unit of points, and events in the competition can raise or lower the score of the involved parties. Most games with score use it as a quantitative indicator of success in the game, and in competition, a goal is often made of attaining a better score than one's opponents in order to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Score_(sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Score_(sport&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:11.220" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:11.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1304" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:33:37.890" Score="0" Body="In sport, score is a quantitative measure of the relative performance of opponents in a sporting discipline. Score is usually measured in the abstract unit of points, and events in the competition can raise or lower the score of the involved parties. Most games with score use it as a quantitative indicator of success in the game, and in competition, a goal is often made of attaining a better score than one's opponents in order to win." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:24.687" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:24.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1305" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:37:18.417" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Windsurfing or sailboarding is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing. It consists of a board usually 2 to 3 metres long, displacing about 60 to 250 liters, powered by wind on a sail. The rig is connected to the board by a free-rotating universal joint and consists of a mast, 2-sided boom and sail. The sail area generally ranges from 2.5 m2 to 12 m2 depending on the conditions, the skill of the sailor and the type of windsurfing being undertaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsurfing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsurfing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:51.900" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:51.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1306" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:37:18.417" Score="0" Body="Windsurfing or sailboarding is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing. " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:56.037" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:56.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1307" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:38:45.950" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A modern stadium is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:52:38.967" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:52:38.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1308" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:38:45.950" Score="0" Body="A modern stadium is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:52:35.723" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:52:35.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1309" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:39:32.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ski jumping is a sport in which skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump and attempt to land as far as possible down the hill below.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In addition to the length of the jump, judges give points for style. The skis used for ski jumping are wide and long (260 to 275 centimetres (100 to 108 in)).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ski jumping is predominantly a winter sport, performed on snow, and is part of the Winter Olympic Games, but can also be performed in summer on artificial surfaces – porcelain or frost rail track on the inrun, plastic on the landing hill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski_jumping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:34.017" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:34.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1310" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:39:32.283" Score="0" Body="Ski jumping is a sport in which skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump and attempt to land as far as possible down the hill below" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:36.203" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:36.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1311" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:40:10.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Substitution (sometimes referred to as interchange) is a concept or term used in many different team sports where a team is able to change one player for another whilst a match is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_(sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_(sport&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:52:23.243" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:52:23.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1312" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:40:10.503" Score="0" Body="Substitution (sometimes referred to as interchange) is a concept or term used in many different team sports where a team is able to change one player for another whilst a match is in play." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:52:20.310" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:52:20.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1313" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:40:56.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suspension is a punishment in sport where players are banned from playing a certain number of future games.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;These suspensions may be issued for severe infractions of the rules of play (such as personal fouls), excessive technical, or flagrant fouls for the duration of a season, fights during the course of the game in which the player was a part of the wrongdoing, or misconduct off the field (such as illegal or banned substance use).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Generally, an athlete who is suspended must forfeit his pay during the course of the suspension, and depending on the team's or league's rules, may not be permitted to don his uniform or be present with the team during the course of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T08:11:38.450" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T08:11:38.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1314" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T14:40:56.900" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role of suspensions in sports." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-10T16:26:03.853" LastActivityDate="2012-09-10T16:26:03.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1285" CreationDate="2012-08-02T15:27:04.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/london/story/2012-07-31/Badminton-players-charged-with-throwing-matches/56630488/1?csp=hf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;disqualifications&lt;/a&gt; justified with the current regulations?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Section 1B, Appendix 4 of the Badminton World Federation (BWF - the international governing body for the sport of badminton) Handbook is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file_download.aspx?id=364321&amp;amp;tid=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Players' Code Of Conduct&lt;/a&gt;. Regulation 4 lists the &quot;Players' On-Site Offences.&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regulation 4.5 states, &quot;Failure to use best efforts&quot; whose description is, &quot;Not using one’s best efforts to win a match.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The BWF is also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/news_item.aspx?id=65247&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;charging&lt;/a&gt; the players in violation of Regulation 4.16 which states, &quot;Unsportsmanlike conduct&quot; whose description is, &quot;Conducting oneself in a manner that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the sport.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regulation 2.3 of the Players' Code Of Conduct state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any player who commits any offence defined in Regulations 3 to 5 shall&#xA;  be deemed to have breached this Code. Breaches of the Code constitute&#xA;  the basis for disciplinary action against the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if judges determined that a player was &quot;not using one’s best efforts to win a match,&quot; then the disqualifications (and subsequent disciplinary actions) are justified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has something like this happened (in this scale that is) in badminton, or any other sport, before?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In London during the 2012 Olympics, Japanese soccer coach Norio Sasaki &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/london/soccer/story/2012-08-01/Japan-soccer-not-win-Olympics/56657300/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;instructed&lt;/a&gt; his players not to score to maintain a 0-0 tie. A tie means their team would stay in Cardiff, rather than going to Glasgow, for the quarterfinal. However, no disciplinary action will be made by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What implications will this event most likely have on the sport, or the Olympic games as a whole?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;round-robin&quot; system was set up for competitive balance. In the old system, a country could win gold and silver medals by winning all their games. In the new system, the intent was to prevent such by making teams with the most wins eliminate one another before the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Chinese tried to take advantage by losing so they didn't have to eliminate their compatriots. On the other hand, South Korea deliberately tried to lose so they could play easier opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would imagine the BWF will change their system to prevent anything similar from happening in the future.....perhaps single-elimination games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Olympic games, that's a work in progress. There has already been much controversy surrounding these games, and this situation helps none. However, as big as the Olympics are, there will be a new crop of players training to compete for their country in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T19:11:36.857" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T19:11:36.857" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-02T17:21:17.240" Score="-7" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a general question regarding soccer (football), in terms of which events are more widely viewed by fans:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do fans tend to follow second division leagues, or are they more likely to follow domestic cups which might involve second division league clubs?  Do second division leagues tend to have a significant following at all (I realize it will vary from nation to nation - I'm asking for a general assessment.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="676" LastActivityDate="2012-08-11T02:53:16.883" Title="Second Division League popularity" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-09-06T18:31:14.173" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1318" CreationDate="2012-08-03T09:00:13.663" Score="13" ViewCount="870" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not expert in the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_sport&quot;&gt;shooting&lt;/a&gt;, but if the world record is calculated by the amount of points, how can you beat a perfect score? You can see the records on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.london2012.com/shooting/event/men-50m-rifle-prone/records/index.html&quot;&gt;the official site for the London Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, and there is no mentioning of time. So can a score of 600 still be beaten? And what's with the 704.8?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="677" LastEditorUserId="392" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T11:54:22.640" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T08:42:18.030" Title="How can you beat the world record in shooting?" Tags="|records|shooting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1317" CreationDate="2012-08-03T12:32:59.903" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the event you mention (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_metre_rifle_prone&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;50m Rifle Prone&lt;/a&gt;), the 8 best qualifiers shoot in the final event.  In the final event, the scoring zones are divided into tenths, with 10.9 being the maximum score per shot (ten shots are taken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IlsfC.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final total is the combination of the qualification and final score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The competition is won by the shooter who reaches the highest aggregate score (qualification + final, maximum 709.0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you shoot in the final, you could hit a perfect 600 (in qualification) and then your final ten could be anything up to 109, meaning a maximum possible of 709.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You note the 704.8 but actually, in the London 2012 games just now, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Martynov_%28sport_shooter%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergei Martynov&lt;/a&gt; won gold with 705.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll add also that, once someone shoots 709, that will be the maximum world record (and it will be shared by anyone else shooting 709) unless the scoring changes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarity, this is how the shooting is scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qualification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of shots : 60&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Score possibilities : 0 to 10 per shot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum possible score : 60 shots scoring 10 = 600&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final&lt;/strong&gt; (Top 8 qualifying shooters)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of shots : 10&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Score possibilities : 0 to 10.9 per shot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum possible score : 10 shots scoring 10.9 = 109&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Score&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Qualifying Score + Final Score = Total Score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;600 + 109 = 709&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-08-18T11:39:17.040" LastActivityDate="2012-08-18T11:39:17.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-03T12:42:06.397" Score="9" ViewCount="3486" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there equations that are used to calculate the scores (as in diving and such)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, what are these equations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if not, please state how the points are calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:08:48.250" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T13:08:48.250" Title="Heptathlon point system calculation" Tags="|rules|olympics|scoring|heptathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1746" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:00:39.650" Score="9" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point system equations for the heptathlon are listed at the following question - &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1319/heptathlon-point-system-calculation&quot;&gt;Heptathlon point system calculation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is how did the founders of this scoring system come up with the numbers for a,b and c?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-10-19T08:56:59.507" Title="Derivation of variables in the heptathlon point system equations" Tags="|olympics|scoring|heptathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1321" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:21:52.087" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A shooting sport is a competitive sport involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns. Most events involve variations of inanimate target shooting, whether moving or stationary, and are meant to be a simulation, to varying degrees, of hunting or personal defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basic event types include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stationary target shooting&lt;/strong&gt; - a paper target is placed a prescribed distance from the shooter, who is then required to shoot a certain number of shots from a pistol or rifle at the target, often in a prescribed stance (free-standing, seated benchrest, prone, one-handed pistol etc). The shooter is scored based on the impact point of each shot (specifically the proximity to an ideal &amp;quot;bulls-eye&amp;quot;) and the highest overall score wins the round. Competitive matches have a variety of formats from single round (each shooter gets one target, best score of those present wins) to single elimination (each shooter is paired with another, and the better score advances to the next level of the tournament) to percentage elimination (after each round, the bottom half of competitors are eliminated).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clay shooting&lt;/strong&gt; - The primary firearm sport besides hunting involving a moving target. The shooter targets a &amp;quot;pigeon&amp;quot;, which is a frangible ceramic disc of varying diameter depending on the animal the pigeon simulates. When hit with a projectile, most often a shotgun pellet, the pigeon will visibly disintegrate making a hit or miss easy to detect. These pigeons are designed to be cast into the air in a variety of ways, along flight paths of varying heights from the ground and relative tracks past the shooter. A wide variety of specific hunting scenarios can be simulated with clay pigeons, and several of these have been standardized, including trap shooting (a single pigeon is launched from a single station in a path either across the shooter's field of fire or downrange from the shooter), skeet shooting (two pigeons are launched from different stations on an intersecting course) and sporting clays (a scenario-based course of fire often described as &amp;quot;shotgun golf&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cowboy Action shooting&lt;/strong&gt; - Encompasses standardized and free-form competitions involving speed and accuracy with stereotypical American West weapons, primarily the .45 Colt Peacemaker and the Winchester lever-action carbine. Quick-draw, gallery shooting, and a variety of trick shots are typical highlights of a day at such an event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practical shooting&lt;/strong&gt; - With competitions sanctioned by IPSC and IDPA, these events center on the use of semi-automatic weapons from pistols to carbines in &amp;quot;self-defense&amp;quot; calibers such as 9mm Luger, .45ACP, .223 Remington and others. Competitors engage in a variety of shooting scenarios, from basic &amp;quot;gallery&amp;quot; shooting testing the speed with which a shooter can place a satisfactory hit on each of a predefined battery of targets, to specialized hostile/friendly decision-making scenarios such as simulated room-clearing, in which shots on &amp;quot;innocent&amp;quot; targets are heavily penalized. Competitors are typically scored on a formula taking both speed and accuracy into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:29:10.697" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:29:10.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1322" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:21:52.087" Score="0" Body="Questions about the series of sports involving shooting in which guns, such as firearms and airguns, are used." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-28T16:51:04.297" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T16:51:04.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1323" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:24:04.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The name derives from the Greek hepta (seven) and athlon (contest).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The events are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100m hurdles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;High jump&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shot put&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;200m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Long jump&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Javelin throw&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;800m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The heptathlon is an Olympic event for women, as an alternative to the 10-event men's &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/decathlon&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;decathlon&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;decathlon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T15:47:46.613" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T15:47:46.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1324" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:24:04.893" Score="0" Body="A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. " OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T21:51:40.933" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T21:51:40.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1319" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:30:26.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring system was developed by Dr. Karl Ulbrich. The events are split into three parts, where the scores are counted according to the three formulae:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KQE5u.png&quot; alt=&quot;Running formulae&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jumping events (high jump and long jump):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IuJZF.png&quot; alt=&quot;Jumping formulae&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing events (shot put and javelin):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZMs37.png&quot; alt=&quot;Throwing formulae&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height/length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events (see table).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tW5if.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Values per event&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point are given for every event and sum up to the heptathlete score (A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T15:40:55.537" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1327" CreationDate="2012-08-03T15:14:40.743" Score="22" ViewCount="48773" Body="&lt;p&gt;Upon observing swimming competitions in the Olympics, it is not clear to me whether one of the eight lanes is more advantageous versus another. I've seen vague claims but nothing backed up with science.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In competitive swimming, is there an advantage to being in one lane or another? Furthermore, does the stroke (ie: breast, fly, freestyle, etc.) affect this effect?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="181" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T09:44:25.780" Title="In swimming, is there a competitive advantage to being in one lane or another?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1326" CreationDate="2012-08-03T15:46:40.240" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In competitive swimming, is there an advantage to being in one lane or another?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; Lane 4 has always been believed to be the &quot;fastest&quot; lane, but there is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swimcoachingbrain.com/the-ten-myths-of-swimming/&quot;&gt;no scientific evidence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Phelps on &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/olympics/summer/2012/swimming/story/_/id/8208314/2012-summer-olympics-michael-phelps-slowest-qualifier-heats-400m-im&quot;&gt;being in lane 8&lt;/a&gt; for the 400m individual medley final in the 2012 Olympics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The only thing that matters is just getting a spot in. You&#xA;  can't win the gold medal from the morning.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any given lane had a &quot;competitive advantage,&quot; Phelps would most likely have had a different response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World records, championships, and gold medals have been won from all lanes, especially &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/H2O/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=1650%3awinner-from-lane-8-and-1&amp;amp;catid=225%3ahighlight&amp;amp;Itemid=179&quot;&gt;lane 1 and lane 8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;German female swimmer Franziska van Almsick, swimming in lane 8, set a world record by winning the 200m freestyle with a time of 1:56.78 at the 1994 FINA World Championships. Her world record stood for eight years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Australian male swimmer Kieren Perkins. swimming in lane 8, won gold in the 1500m freestyle with a time of 14:56.40 at the 1996 Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chinese female swimmer Luo Xuejuan, swimming in lane 1, set an Olympic record by winning gold in the 100m breaststroke with a time of 1:06.64 at the 2004 Olympics. This was the third fastest time in history, 0.27 seconds off the world record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, world records, championships, and gold medals are won in middle lanes. This is because swimmers win their prelims, heats, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The swimmers are placed in their respective lane based on their time. The fastest time will get lane 4 next round and the eighth-fastest time will get lane 8. Lane placement from fastest to eighth-fastest time: 4,5,3,6,2,7,1,8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T17:41:27.483" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T17:41:27.483" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1326" CreationDate="2012-08-03T20:58:31.457" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It used to be that lanes 1 and 8 were considered slower due to reflected waves off the side, but modern pools have wave reduction systems so this is no longer the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T20:51:38.027" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T20:51:38.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1326" CreationDate="2012-08-03T22:12:00.377" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason the fastest swimmer is placed in the center lanes is because it's believed to be the &quot;coveted&quot; lane.  This is due to the fact that from lanes 4-5, you have the greatest visibility of swimmers in the other lanes.  This is an advantage because in competitive races, athletes are known to perform better when they realize a competitor is close.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if a swimmer breathes to the right or left, he will always be able to see half of the field, whereas swimmers in the edge lanes don't have this advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T22:12:00.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1334" CreationDate="2012-08-03T22:54:28.717" Score="13" ViewCount="5769" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw in an Olympics table tennis match a Chinese athlete being given a red card. I think she lost the point but I'm not too sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why would would some receive a red/yellow card in table tennis and what are the consequences of receiving one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="683" LastEditorUserId="683" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T14:38:15.967" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T09:17:20.100" Title="What do the cards in table tennis mean?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1333" CreationDate="2012-08-04T00:13:41.753" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yellow and red cards were first introduced into the game of table tennis in 1991.&#xA;  &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c7hNw.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Yellow &amp;amp; Red cards&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Yellow and red cards are shown by umpires and referees to players and coaches who break the rules or misbehave during the course of a match or tournament.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 3.05 covers the area of discipline in table tennis, and it applies to both players and coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The first part of this table tennis rule deals with coaches giving advice to players, Advice is only allowed to be given by a coach during the intervals between games or during other authorised suspensions of play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So if advice is given at any other time, the umpire will hold up a yellow card and warn the coach that any further offence will result in his dismissal from the playing area.&#xA;  If the coach again gives advice illegally during the same match, the umpire will hold up a red card and send the coach away from the playing area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If this happens during a team match, and ANY authorised person gives advice to the player after a yellow card has been shown, the umpire will hold up a red card and send him away from the playing area, whether or not he was the person previously warned.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In a team match, the dismissed adviser is not allowed to return, except where he is required to play, and cannot be replaced by another adviser until the team match has ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The second part of this table tennis rule deals with misbehaviour by players and coaches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The rules state that players and coaches must refrain from behaviour which may unfairly affect an opponent, offend spectators or bring the sport into disrepute.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Examples of this are - abusive language, deliberately breaking the ball or hitting it out of the playing area, kicking the table or surrounds and disrespect of match officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yellow cards are designed for less serious offences but if a player or coach commits a serious offence, the umpire must suspend play and report it immediately to the referee.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  However, for less serious offences the umpire may, on the first occasion, hold up a yellow card and warn the offender that any further offence is liable to incur penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the player then commits a second offence in the same individual match or team match, the umpire will award 1 point to the offender's opponent. And for a third offence he will award 2 points, each time holding up a yellow and a red card together. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player continues to misbehave after three offences in the same individual match or team match, the umpire will suspend play and report it immediately to the referee.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the coach continues to misbehave after receiving a yellow card, the umpire will hold up a red card and send the coach away from the playing area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/yellow-cards.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T15:45:03.113" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T15:45:03.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1340" CreationDate="2012-08-04T19:06:43.090" Score="10" ViewCount="897" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/writers/jon_wertheim/08/04/serena-williams-gold-domination/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova&lt;/a&gt; play for the gold medal in London 2012, I noticed Williams was going about her business while Sharapova was grunting each time she hit the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After doing some &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/8103913/women-tennis-plans-eliminate-excessive-grunting-next-generation-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;research&lt;/a&gt;, grunting in tennis dates back to 1962. Although men grunt, women draw more attention due to their high-pitched grunts. In addition, there is an initiative to eliminate excess grunts in the next generation of tennis players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another quote from said research says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I have not found in my 32 years anybody who says grunting or not&#xA;  grunting has an empirically positive or negative effect on performance&#xA;  -- it's all about belief system.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is this &quot;belief system?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If grunting is not related to performance, why do tennis players do it excessively?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T21:53:41.523" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T17:55:18.790" Title="If grunting is not related to performance, why do tennis players do it excessively?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1336" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1338" CreationDate="2012-08-04T19:27:14.143" Score="5" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the football teams that finish in the medal ranking positions (winners, runners up, and 3rd place playoff winners) are awarded the medals, which players will receive medals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be all squad members regardless of if they played? Or is there a minimum numbers of minutes a player must have spent on the pitch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious, because if it is the latter I wonder if managers would feel pressured to play each player the minimum minutes in the event they reach a medal position. This would then potentially reduce the chances of the teams playing at their best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="685" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-06T15:26:20.437" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T15:26:20.437" Title="In the London 2012 Olympic Football, what players will receive medals?" Tags="|football|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1363" CreationDate="2012-08-04T19:36:29.263" Score="6" ViewCount="4057" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always seen reviews checking for &lt;code&gt;Pitched In Line&lt;/code&gt; during &lt;em&gt;Tests&lt;/em&gt; but not in &lt;em&gt;One Day Matches&lt;/em&gt;. Is that my imagination or is it correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are indeed different, what are the differences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="686" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T11:56:29.730" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T11:56:29.730" Title="Are LBW rules different in different formats of cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1336" CreationDate="2012-08-04T20:01:25.553" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each of the players of the three top-ranked teams who feature on the &#xA;official team lists shall receive a medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/33/73/30/regulationsoft2012_update10.15.10_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations of the Olympic Football Tournaments London 2012&lt;/a&gt; - By FIFA&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Chapter XI, Page 53, Article 41 - Olympic medals and diplomas&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jB3XU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Olympic medals and diplomas&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-08-04T20:01:25.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1335" CreationDate="2012-08-05T07:03:05.833" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should look at the question in the eyes of two sides who play the game.&#xA;The first is the &quot;Grunting&quot; player and the second is his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &quot;Grunting&quot; player side their coaches and trainers sometimes &#xA;claim it helps a player's timing and physiological release of hitting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nick Bollettieri, seen by many as the world's top tennis coach, and whose proteges include many of the noisiest players, says grunting is natural, not planned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I prefer to use the word 'exhaling'. I think that if you look at&#xA;  other sports, weightlifting or doing squats or a golfer when he&#xA;  executes the shot or a hockey player, the exhaling is a release of&#xA;  energy in a constructive way,&quot; says Bollettieri, speaking to the BBC&#xA;  News Magazine.     &quot;If you hold your lips tightly, you're not breathing&#xA;  and you become very tense and less flexible so you get tight more&#xA;  quickly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Louise Deeley, a sports psychologist at Roehampton University explain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The timing of when they actually grunt helps them with the rhythm of&#xA;  how they're hitting and how they're pacing things, It may be&#xA;  that their perception is that if they grunt, they are hitting it&#xA;  harder. It's going to give you confidence and a sense of being in&#xA;  control of your game.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And world class tennis players such as Serena Williams are not alone&#xA;  in their loud grunts. &quot;When people are exercising on their own,&#xA;  they'll use things like how they breathe in and out as a rhythm, They may make similar kinds of noises to [the grunts].&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From other side it sometimes can affect opponent's performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis great Martina Navratilova summed up the problem with grunting in a Sunday Times column last year: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It affected my game because to me it is important to hear the ball&#xA;  hit the racket; you can hear a bad shot before you can see it and the&#xA;  sound is an imperative part of the game.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent study has shown that distracting noises during tennis games can affect an opponent's performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;33 undergrad tennis players to view videos of a tennis shot being hit&#xA;  toward them and to quickly judge whether the ball would go to their&#xA;  left or right.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After measuring their response and accuracy when only&#xA;  hearing the sound of the ball on the racket, he then introduced an&#xA;  extraneous noise similar to a grunt at the instant the ball was&#xA;  struck. The students' response time and accuracy of direction&#xA;  prediction decreased significantly when the sound was included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to sum up I think most tennis players who grunt do it because players simply need to grunt as they swing, it’s probably more relevant to ask if it’s dramatized. Some players might exaggerate their grunts simply to surprise or throw off their opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/1573-grunting-tennis-players.html&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T14:09:21.683" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T14:09:21.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-08-05T09:54:58.197" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some players stomp during the serve to hide the sound of the racquet hitting the ball. The sound of the contact can often clue a receiver into the pace and spin of a serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other players merely stomp as a natural motion as they try to impart spin onto the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="689" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T09:54:58.197" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1342" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T14:48:45.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interval training is a type of discontinuous physical training that involves a series of low to high-intensity exercise workouts interspersed with rest or relief periods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The high-intensity periods are typically at or close to anaerobic exercise, while the recovery periods may involve either complete rest or activity of lower intensity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interval training can refer to organization of any cardiovascular workout (e.g. cycling, running, rowing, etc.), and is prominent in many sports' training. It is a technique particularly employed by runners, but athletes from several backgrounds have been known to use this type of training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:38.277" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:38.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1343" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T14:48:45.470" Score="0" Body="Interval training is a type of discontinuous physical training that involves a series of low to high-intensity exercise workouts interspersed with rest or relief periods." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:37.607" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:37.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1361" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:15:37.067" Score="7" ViewCount="2376" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please, notice the side shields at this goggles (image taken from Olympics video  which can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgyBFemjeuQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, shown @ 2:48).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qA6RO.png&quot; alt=&quot;women 10m air pistol screenshot&quot;&gt;&#xA;There were multiple such things shown during that contest and they definitely not look like either support frame or anything that can be found on typical ballistic eye wear. On the shown occasions, they seem to protrude forward from the frame.. what are they for? something to do with the field of vision or unnecessary side glares?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="664" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T14:53:13.137" Title="What are side shields on ballistic eyewear seen in recent Olympics shooting?" Tags="|olympics|shooting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1345" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:30:00.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Endurance (also called Sufferance, Stamina, Resilience, or Durability) is the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from, and have immunity to wounds, or fatigue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In humans, it is usually used in aerobic or anaerobic exercise. The definition of 'short' varies according to the type of exertion - minutes for high intensity anaerobic exercise, hours or days for low intensity aerobic exercise. Training for endurance can have a negative impact on the ability to exert strength unless an individual also undertakes resistance training to counteract this effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:14.517" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:14.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1346" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:30:00.630" Score="0" Body="Endurance is the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from, and have immunity to wounds, or fatigue. Also known as Sufferance, Stamina, Resilience, or Durability." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:13.753" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:13.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1347" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:31:55.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio or visual mass communications medium, but usually one using electromagnetic radiation (radio waves). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset thereof. Broadcasting has been used for purposes of private recreation, non-commercial exchange of messages, experimentation, self-training, and emergency communication such as amateur (ham) radio and amateur television (ATV) in addition to commercial purposes like popular radio or TV stations with advertisements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:06.577" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:06.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1348" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:31:55.713" Score="0" Body="Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:05.953" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:05.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1349" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:33:54.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A half marathon is a road running event of 21.0975 kilometres (13.1094 mi).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is half the distance of a marathon and usually run on roads. Participation in half marathons has grown steadily recently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the main reasons for this is that it is a challenging distance, but does not require the same level of training that a marathon requires. In 2008, Running USA reported that the half marathon is the fastest growing type of race. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 2010 article by Universal Sports echoed the growing popularity of the distance. New York Road Runners CEO Mary Wittenberg and noted running author and coach Jeff Galloway have also commented on the popularity of the distance. It is common for a half marathon event to be held concurrently with a marathon, using almost the same course with a late start, an early finish or shortcuts. The half marathon is also known as a 21K, 21.1K or 13.1 miles, although these values are rounded and not formally correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:33.940" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:33.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1350" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:33:54.870" Score="0" Body="A half marathon is a road running event of 21.0975 kilometres (13.1094 mi).  &#xD;&#xA;It is half the distance of a marathon and usually run on roads." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:32.957" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:32.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1351" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:34:55.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An Ironman Triathlon is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) consisting of a 2.4-mile (3.86 km) swim, a 112-mile (180.25 km) bike and a marathon 26.2-mile (42.2 km) run, raced in that order and without a break. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Ironman events have a strict time limit of 17 hours to complete the race, where the Ironman race starts at 7:00 AM, the mandatory swim cut off for the 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swim is 2 hours 20 minutes, the bike cut off time is 5:30 PM, and all finishers must complete their marathon by midnight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name Ironman Triathlon refers to both the original Ironman triathlon and the annual Ironman World Championship. Also called Ironman Hawaii, the world championships of the event, held annually in Hawaii since 1978 (with an additional race in 1982), are now preceded by a series of qualifying events. Ironman Triathlon became known for its grueling length, harsh race conditions, and television coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:47.857" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:47.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1352" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:34:55.413" Score="0" Body="An Ironman Triathlon is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) consisting of a 2.4-mile (3.86 km) swim, a 112-mile (180.25 km) bike and a marathon 26.2-mile (42.2 km) run, raced in that order and without a break." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:41:51.927" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:41:51.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1353" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:59:50.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country (XC), trail riding, all mountain, downhill, freeride, dirt jumping and trials. The vast majority of mountain biking falls into the recreational XC, and Trail Riding categories.&#xA;This individual sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance. XC type mountain biking generally requires a different range of skills and a higher level of fitness than other types of mountain biking. Advanced riders pursue steep technical descents and, in the case of freeriding, downhilling, and dirt jumping, aerial maneuvers off of specially constructed jumps and ramps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mountain biking can be performed almost anywhere from a back yard to a gravel road, but the majority of mountain bikers ride off-road trails, whether country back roads, fire roads, or singletrack (narrow trails that wind through forests, mountains, deserts, or fields). There are aspects of mountain biking that are more similar to trail running than regular bicycling. Because riders are often far from civilization, there is a strong ethic of self-reliance in the sport. Riders learn to repair their broken bikes or flat tires to avoid being stranded miles from help. Many riders will carry a backpack, including a water bladder, containing all the essential tools and equipment for trailside repairs, and many riders also carry emergency supplies in the case of injury miles from outside help. Club rides and other forms of group rides are common, especially on longer treks. A combination sport named mountain bike orienteering adds the skill of map navigation to mountain biking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:42:20.443" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:42:20.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1354" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T15:59:50.930" Score="0" Body="Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:42:03.113" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:42:03.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1355" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-05T16:02:37.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sprints are short running events in athletics and track and field. Races over short distances are among the oldest running competitions. The first 13 editions of the Ancient Olympic Games featured only one event—the stadion race, which was a race from one end of the stadium to the other. There are three sprinting events which are currently held at the Summer Olympics and outdoor World Championships: the 100 metres, 200 metres, and 400 metres. These events have their roots in races of imperial measurements which were later altered to metric: the 100 m evolved from the 100 yard dash, the 200 m distances came from the furlong (or 1/8 of a mile), and the 400 m was the successor to the 440 yard dash or quarter-mile race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the professional level, sprinters begin the race by assuming a crouching position in the starting blocks before leaning forward and gradually moving into an upright position as the race progresses and momentum is gained. The set position differs depending on the start. Body alignment is of key importance in producing the optimal amount of force. Ideally the athlete should begin in a 4-point stance and push off of both legs for the most force production. Athletes remain in the same lane on the running track throughout all sprinting events, with the sole exception of the 400 m indoors. Races up to 100 m are largely focused upon acceleration to an athlete's maximum speed. All sprints beyond this distance increasingly incorporate an element of endurance. Human physiology dictates that a runner's near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than 30–35 seconds due to the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 60 metres is a common indoor event and it is an indoor world championship event. Less common events include the 50 metres, 55 metres, 300 metres and 500 metres which are used in some high school and collegiate competitions in the United States. The 150 metres, though rarely competed, has a star-studded history: Pietro Mennea set a world best in 1983, Olympic champions Michael Johnson and Donovan Bailey went head-to-head over the distance in 1997, and Usain Bolt improved Mennea's record in 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:42:11.770" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:42:11.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1356" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-05T16:02:37.840" Score="0" Body="Sprints are short running events in athletics and track and field." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T04:42:18.480" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T04:42:18.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1528" CreationDate="2012-08-05T18:14:30.857" Score="10" ViewCount="33829" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my golf diary, there's a &quot;Bogey Competition&quot; to be held next weekend. What is a &quot;Bogey Competition&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T07:05:56.127" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T07:05:56.127" Title="What is a &quot;Bogey Competition&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1337" CreationDate="2012-08-05T23:55:08.410" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no differences in LBW rules between the three different formats of International Cricket. There are differences in how the umpire decision referral system (UDRS) is implemented in different countries, as it depends on what the TV company doing the broadcast has put in place. Possibly the differences you are seeing in referrals stems from that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T23:55:08.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1344" CreationDate="2012-08-06T10:59:43.547" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most people I know who use them state that it is just to reduce all distractions to a minimum, such as light, movement etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T14:01:03.077" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T14:01:03.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1344" CreationDate="2012-08-06T11:18:48.687" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are called &lt;a href=&quot;http://hunting.about.com/od/guns/ss/olympicairrifle_4.htm&quot;&gt;blinkers or blinders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as horses sometimes wear them to narrow their field of vision, shooters do the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having blinders on the side of the eyewear helps the shooter maintain down-range vision.  As well as the side blinders, some shooters also have a blinder over their non-dominant eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the size of blinders is governed by rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Side Blinders attached to the hat, cap, shooting glasses, or to a head band, not exceeding 40mm deep are permitted. These blinders must not extend further forward than to a line from the center of the forehead.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T14:53:13.137" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T14:53:13.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1283" CreationDate="2012-08-06T14:54:01.420" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few reasons. First, between 10-15 years after initial onset of puberty, the body goes through a &quot;settling&quot; phase; growth and sexual maturation is completed, so some of the hormones are dialed back. Metabolism slows, calories consumed more easily turn to fat, and the body generally &quot;bulks&quot;. All of these are counterproductive to maintaining a peak level of performance in athletics. Phelps, when training, eats 11,000 calories a day, mostly complex carbs. Before the big slowdown, a lot of that is readily available as blood glycogen, but after the metabolism drops insulin more readily turns those blood sugars to fat. That makes between about 25 and 28 years of age a critical dropout range beyond which it is extremely difficult to maintain a high level of performance and nigh impossible to keep up with the younger whippersnappers coming in behind you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, swimming takes a LOT of time and effort. When training for the buildup to the Olympics, you're in the pool pretty much all day, cycling between endurance-building (long swims in a particular stroke; 1000m fly is a common torture technique), muscle development (sprint lengths; 50/100/200m going all-out), skills drills (starts, turns, arm/leg isolation of various strokes), and practice meets (some more &quot;practice&quot; than others). And this is year-round; you're still training in the winter months, usually working around school schedules, which in most US climates requires an indoor heated pool just to be possible. At some point, usually very soon after college age, it becomes impractical to keep up this pace from a time and money perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, competitive swimming in the United States is one of those sports we pay attention to once every four years, and even then only the real standouts become household names (and not for long). After you've won a few gold medals in the Olympics and the World Championships, and maybe set a world record or two, you've pretty much done all you can do in the sport, and it's time to go off and find something else to do with the rest of your life. Contrasting that, in the popular US spectator sports like football, basketball, even hockey, you can make millions of dollars years beyond your performance peak as a &quot;franchise player&quot;, a household name that puts butts in seats to see you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T14:54:01.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1337" CreationDate="2012-08-06T17:28:04.023" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is absolutely no difference. The general rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball pitches outside the leg-stump, the batsman can't be given out even if the ball goes on to hit the stumps.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball pitches outside the off-stump and also hits the batsman outside the off-stump, then the batsman can't be given out. (This rule applies only if the batsman is playing a shot. If not, the batsman will be given out if the ball hits the stump).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball hits the stumps and either pitches in line or outside off-stump, the batsman will be given out. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in the reviews, three things are checked:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball pitches in line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hits the wickets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hits in line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the general rule, you can see that even if the ball doesn't pitch in line, the batsman can still be given out based on rule 3. The three rules are checked and if they are satisfied, a batsman has to be given out. But, if 2 and 3 are satisfied, then a decision is made according to general rule 1 or 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, the reviews sometimes checks whether the ball is pitched in-line and sometimes they don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last thing, the umpire can give any decision. Even if the review says the umpire is wrong, he can choose to stick to his decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Resources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket,62,ar.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 36 (Leg Before Wicket)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_Decision_Review_System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Umpire Decision Review System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="692" LastEditorUserId="255" LastEditDate="2012-10-10T14:28:19.780" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T14:28:19.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1283" CreationDate="2012-08-06T18:19:46.300" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;My hypothesis: Swimmers peak at a younger age than track and field runners because of metrics such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;explosive and dynamic strength, reaction time, and speed of limb movement&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Ages of winners in strength and speed events have historically peaked earlier than endurance events (see below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JU57w.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Psychomotor and Physical factors&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hp6eT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Peak Performance and Age&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first table shows what psychomotor and physical factors are utilized during a given sport/event. Swimming and short distance events utilize explosive and dynamic strength, reaction time, and speed of limb movement, unlike medium and long distance running events. In comparison (the second table shows the mean ages of gold medal winners in given sports/events between 1896-1980), the mean age of gold medal winners in medium and long distance running events have generally and consistently been higher than gold medal winners in swimming and short distance events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, &lt;strong&gt;water is 773 times denser and 55 times more viscous than air&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topendsports.com/sport/swimming/science.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. One could argue that more energy is spent in swimming than running due to resistance. An &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beginnertriathlete.com/cms/article-detail.asp?articleid=269&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; states the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;What makes swimming different? Simply put, running is a natural&#xA;  activity, while swimming is a 'natural struggle.'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put the two sports in perspective, in world record time, a 1500m freestyle swimming event (men: ~ 14:30 min.) takes 10+ minutes more to complete than a 1500m run (men: ~ 3:30 min).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Characteristics of strength and speed events include &lt;em&gt;reaction time, speed of limb movement, flexibility, explosive strength, and gross body coordination&lt;/em&gt;.  Characteristics of endurance events include &lt;em&gt;control precision, rate control, arm-hand steadiness, aiming, and stamina&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Human strength peaks at age 25&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/agingex/agingex.html/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. Human reaction time also peaks in the 20s&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.axonpotential.com/athletes-and-age-of-peak-performance-pt-2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. From a neural standpoint: As we age, humans lose brain connections&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/09/13/as-we-age-loss-of-brain-connections-slows-our-reaction-time/18031.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;, which contribute to slower reaction times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucsur.pitt.edu/files/schulz/JofGeronSchulzCarnow1988.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;study&lt;/a&gt; to answer your question. &lt;sub&gt;For the purposes of this question, I did not include outliers or exceptions to said research.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-06T20:01:21.783" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T20:01:21.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1136" CreationDate="2012-08-07T14:16:30.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conformance of these rules, wedges after 2010 have been implementing rougher surfaces on the club face and positioning as many grooves as close to one another as the manufacturer can within limits. Rougher surfaces and more grooves result in the highest potential amount of spin a club can achieve. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-equipment/hot-list/2011-02/hot-list-wedges&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;top wedges&lt;/a&gt; of 2011 implement both rougher surfaces and more grooves, most notably the Callaway X Series Jaws CC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The measurement most related to how the &quot;grip&quot; between the club face and the golf ball influences the launch angle, height, and spin rate of the ball has been coined &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.andrewricegolf.com/tag/spin-rate/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;friction launch&lt;/a&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appendix II, 5b in the 2012-2015 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Rules-on-Clubs-and-Balls/Club-Face/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;USGA Rules Of Golf&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Except for markings specified in the following paragraphs, the surface&#xA;  roughness within the area where impact is intended (the “impact area”)&#xA;  must not exceed that of decorative sandblasting, or of fine milling.&#xA;  The whole of the impact area must be of the same material (exceptions&#xA;  may be made for clubheads made of wood).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appendix II, 5c (i) states, in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;•The width, spacing and cross-section of the grooves must be&#xA;  consistent throughout the impact area. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;•The width (W) of each groove&#xA;  must not exceed 0.035 inches (0.9 mm), using the 30 degree method of&#xA;  measurement on file with the USGA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;•The distance between edges of&#xA;  adjacent grooves (S) must not be less than three times the width of&#xA;  the grooves, and not less than 0.075 inches (1.905 mm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T14:16:30.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1366" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1369" CreationDate="2012-08-07T20:07:43.973" Score="16" ViewCount="1231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cameron van der Burgh of South Africa won the gold medal and set a world record in the 100m breaststroke at London 2012, but has since &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/london/story/2012-08-07/Gold-medal-swimmer-admits-to-cheating-at-Games/56854568/1&quot;&gt;admitted&lt;/a&gt; to cheating after the Austrialian swim team accused him of taking more dolphin kicks than allowed by the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/olympics/blog/eye-on-olympics/19747288/south-african-gold-medalist-admits-he-broke-rules-in-worldrecord-race&quot;&gt;Reports&lt;/a&gt; claim that he will not be stripped of his gold medal because the time to submit an appeal has long passed, and there is no appeal system in place to warrant such an action. However, medals have been stripped from those that took performance-enhancing drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is the case, then how does the IOC/governing bodies have power to strip medals from those who admitted/proved to doping but not from those who admitted/proved to such cheating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:11:38.493" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:11:38.493" Title="Cheating in the Olympics" Tags="|rules|olympics|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1367" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-07T22:49:00.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sports, a coach is a person charged with developing and instructing athletes by leading and mentoring them. In team sports, a coach is also responsible for overall team leadership and organization, including the makeup of the team (choosing which players will participate in a game and in what positions), calling plays, conferring with officials, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Virtually all team sports involve at least one coach, who oversees all of these elements for all players on the team. Large teams or teams that compete at high levels may employ one or more assistant or specialist coaches under the supervision of a &quot;head coach&quot;, who are assigned a particular subset of players or a particular aspect of the game to focus on. The rules of each game, as set or adopted by a particular league, typically define the role of the coach during play of the game, including what a coach may or may not do while a game is in progress. In addition, many leagues define what a coach may or may not do with his team at all times; scholastic-league athletics may limit the amount of practice time allowed for each team to reduce potential advantages (and allow time for athletes to focus on academic work). Professional leagues may create salary caps defining the maximum total salary a team is allowed to pay its players, while amateur leagues define what does and does not qualify as &quot;payment&quot; for play of the game (highly desirable players such as hockey goalies may be allowed to play without paying their share of the team's entry costs into the league, but cannot be given equipment, food, other goods or services, or cash in return for playing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sports or competitions such as running, swimming or gymnastics, where athletes compete individually in their events, an athlete may have a personal coach in addition to one or more coaches overseeing the &quot;team&quot; being fielded. This is especially true at high levels of competition, where an athlete may retain the coach from their local team as they advance to new teams in regional, national or international competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T04:22:23.517" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T04:22:23.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1368" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-07T22:49:00.990" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to coaches of a sports team, who organize, instruct and develop the players on the team." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T04:22:32.877" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T04:22:32.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1366" CreationDate="2012-08-07T22:53:53.403" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The individual Federations, in this case FINA, make all decisions of this nature, not the IOC. Only FINA could strip someone of a medal, following whatever rules they have for the particular situation. As noted, the appeal period has passed so this result will stand according to the rules that all FINA sanctioned events are run under.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As part of the requirements to be considered an Olympic sport, all Federations must adhere to the rules around doping as stipulated by WADA. These are pretty tough, including the retrospective stripping of medals that goes far beyond most other forms of cheating or dubious actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the record, in this situation the rules, or the enforcement of them, are to blame and not the athlete(s). van der Burgh is guilty only of excess honesty (and this is coming from an Australian). This is on par with say basketball players bending the rules on travelling but getting away with it due to a relaxed interpretation from the umpires. Is that cheating? I wouldn't think so, it's just optimising performance within the imposed constraints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2012-08-07T23:07:14.103" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T23:07:14.103" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1372" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-07T23:49:51.103" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In virtually all sports, athletes want any competitive advantage available to them. Many athletes turn to superstition in the form of the wearing of a particular item of clothing or jewelry, or the habitual performance of some simple ritual, before or during each game. The idea of a &quot;good luck charm&quot; is not limited to sports (members of the military, gamblers, and ordinary people very commonly have one), but with the avid following of professional spectator sports, players' good luck charms and rituals are often very publicly displayed for good or ill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The science behind good luck charms is largely unproven, but the theory explaining the benefit of a good luck charm is that by performing some ritual or carrying some object that the person believes will aid him, that person feels more comfortable while playing and thus will play better, while the opposite is true if that charm or ritual is omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T06:49:26.203" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T06:49:26.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1373" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-07T23:49:51.103" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to common habits or unwritten rules relating to mythical beliefs about a game or sport. Questions should also be tagged with the specific sport referenced." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T06:49:29.590" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T06:49:29.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1374" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-08T00:02:51.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sprain is an injury to a joint caused by a forced hyperextension or &quot;pull&quot; of one or more ligaments connecting bones at the joint. The symptoms are acute pain, swelling and/or bruising of tissues surrounding the joint, and difficulty moving the extremity. Sprains are most common in the outer extremities such as wrists and ankles, but can happen in any joint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such injuries are relatively minor, with treatment primarily being a cold compress to reduce swelling, followed by heat as necessary to soothe pain, and avoiding use of the affected joint for a period of time up to a month, during which time most sprains fully heal without lingering effects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A related injury is a &quot;strain&quot;, in which a muscle or tendon is hyperextended, possibly causing a minor muscle tear. Treatment and outlook are similar; a complete recovery can typically be expected with rest alone. More severe injuries include muscle and ligament tears, where the ligament, muscle or tendon separates partially or fully. These injuries typically will not heal on their own, and while the initial symptoms of a partial tear can fade over time, a complete recovery is typically only possible through surgery to repair or even replace the damaged connection, followed by physical therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T06:48:16.283" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T06:48:16.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1375" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-08T00:02:51.633" Score="0" Body="For questions regarding a specific type of injury involving a forced hyperextension (pull) of ligaments in a joint, usually a wrist or ankle." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T06:48:11.777" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T06:48:11.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1376" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3683" CreationDate="2012-08-08T13:13:01.283" Score="11" ViewCount="4045" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching the Olympics and seeing that Australia had fewer points than other teams but was guaranteed a gold or silver medal in the Laser class. We were confused as to how sailing is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="695" LastEditorUserId="12122" LastEditDate="2016-09-16T13:15:50.287" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T16:11:14.540" Title="What is the scoring system in sailing?" Tags="|rules|scoring|sailing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1376" CreationDate="2012-08-08T13:33:44.063" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scoring system in sailing works on negative points , for winning you need to score the least points..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fleet racing is run on a low points scoring system - the boat at&#xA;  the end of the competiton who has the least number of points wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All of the events finish their competition with a Medal Race, before&#xA;  that they are scheduled to sail 10 races, except the 49er which will&#xA;  sail 15 races. The boat who finishes first in a race scores one point,&#xA;  second place scores two points, third place scores three point and so&#xA;  on. Sailors are allowed to exclude their worst score in the first 10&#xA;  (15) races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After completing 10 (15) races, the top ten boats with the lowest&#xA;  score go on to compete in the Medal Race.  The points scored in the&#xA;  Medal Race cannot be excluded and are worth &lt;strong&gt;double&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sailing.org/olympics/london2012/about/scoring.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T14:02:50.767" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T14:02:50.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1380" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-09T07:58:53.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;monetary award that is given to athlete or team after they have won a competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T10:27:27.787" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T10:27:27.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1381" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-09T07:58:53.043" Score="0" Body="monetary award that is given to athlete or team after they have won a competition." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T10:27:31.063" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T10:27:31.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1394" CreationDate="2012-08-09T18:45:54.617" Score="2" ViewCount="3422" Body="&lt;p&gt;My natural shot is a fade. I don't have a problem hitting (or &lt;em&gt;feeling&lt;/em&gt;) a high, normal, or low fade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have no &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt;, but I can hit a draw. With a 5-iron, I can hit a low draw and chase it about 120-150 yards. My typical 5-iron goes about 200 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do I hit a high draw?&lt;/strong&gt; I think it's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mW2TtmBIvY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cool shot&lt;/a&gt;, and I want to be more comfortable when I attempt to hit a draw in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-10-06T15:55:22.160" Title="How to hit a high draw?" Tags="|golf|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1385" CreationDate="2012-08-09T22:40:58.867" Score="17" ViewCount="15228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know a lot about American Football, but I enjoy watching games from time to time. The other day I saw a penalty given for a player catching a pass but being an ineligible receiver. I had not heard of that rule before, so I looked up the details. I now know the rules around this, and it helps to explain the reasons behind the formations better (I never understood why wide receivers would often line up a bit behind the LOS, now I know).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I can't see what the fuss is all about. Why is this rule required? How would offensive plays differ if there was no restriction? Is there some cheesey exploit that this rule prevents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorDisplayName="user610" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T18:58:56.917" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T01:39:27.743" Title="What is the purpose of the eligible reciever rules?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1384" CreationDate="2012-08-09T22:56:42.130" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my research, the rule changes below were in response to rule reform when deaths and injuries were high and to &quot;open up the game.&quot; When restrictive rules were lifted, the forward pass became effective and more strategy was employed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The eligible receiver rule is evidence of the evolution and modernization of the passing game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relevant Rule Changes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1906, the forward pass was legalized. In 1910, a new rule was legalized, &quot;seven men on the line of scrimmage, no pushing or pulling, no interlocking interference (arms linked or hands on belts and uniforms).&quot; This rule was introduced to prevent collision injuries. In 1912, &quot;restrictive&quot; rules were lifted (a forward pass may travel more than 20 yards, for example).&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.americanheritage.com/content/inventing-modern-football?page=show&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; In 1918, eligible receivers were allowed to catch passes anywhere on the field. Previously, passes were only allowed to certain areas of the field.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football#Modernization_and_innovation_.281906.E2.80.931930.29&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL began to develop their own rules by discontinuing the use of the collegiate playbook on February 25, 1933.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1930s/first_playoff_game.aspx&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; One rule change was that a forward pass can take place anywhere behind the line of scrimmage (before, a forward pass was only legal if thrown at least five yards behind the line of scrimmage).&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Chronology_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1951, a new rule was legalized, &quot;no tackle, guard, or center would be eligible to catch a forward pass.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Chronology_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Original Response&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American football would become downright sloppy without this rule. If anyone could catch the ball, who would block? Why would the offense and defense come up with multiple plays/schemes if it's a free for all? It would take away from the strategy of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-14T14:39:08.310" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T14:39:08.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1384" CreationDate="2012-08-10T00:46:19.453" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the NFL rulebook &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/forwardpass&quot;&gt;page for the forward pass&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A forward pass may be touched or caught by any eligible receiver. All&#xA;  members of the defensive team are eligible. Eligible receivers on the&#xA;  offensive team are players on either end of line (other than center,&#xA;  guard, or tackle) or players at least one yard behind the line at the&#xA;  snap. A T-formation quarterback is not eligible to receive a forward&#xA;  pass during a play from scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons for the ineligible receiver rules. In my opinion, here are some possible reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defensive parity&lt;/strong&gt;: The offense already has many advantages over the defense - knowing where the play is going, rules to prevent injuries to offensive players, etc. Defining a set number of offensive players that are allowed to receive the ball gives the defense a chance to successfully defend against a potential pass play by allowing defenders to identify potential receivers. Normally ineligible players are required to notify the referee that they're eligible - thus allowing the defense a chance to defend against these players and preventing the implementation of &quot;unfair&quot; trick plays&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player safety&lt;/strong&gt;: Ineligible receivers are not allowed to progress beyond the neutral zone when a forward pass is thrown (unless the pass is behind the line of scrimmage) - this prevents offensive linemen from heading downfield at full speed before the ball is thrown. This prevents defensive players in coverage, such as linebackers and defensive backs, from being unexpectedly hit downfield by a blocker before the pass play has developed. Further, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nflhealthandsafety.com/commitment/evolution/&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; notes that eligible receivers also receive some protection against being blocked below the waist:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;1974: Eligible receivers who take a position more than two yards from the tackle, whether on or behind the line, &lt;strong&gt;may not be blocked&#xA;  below the waist at or behind the line of scrimmage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;2007: A block below the waist against an eligible receiver while the quarterback is in the pocket is a 15-yard penalty instead of a&#xA;  5-yard penalty (an illegal cut block).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategy&lt;/strong&gt;: As @edmastermind29 notes, constraints on the passing game force coaches to become more creative, allowing for clever plays and tactics to be developed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T00:46:19.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1403" CreationDate="2012-08-10T11:06:57.230" Score="5" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would I train as a young semi-elite orienteer? I have some idea of the amount I should do but I do not know how I should spread it across the week. Should I group my training in the middle of the week or should I try to separate my training days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="695" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T11:22:47.430" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T15:18:12.020" Title="How would I train for a sport such as orienteering?" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1390" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-10T11:24:48.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Orienteering is a family of sports that requires navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain, and normally moving at speed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Participants are given a topographical map, usually a specially prepared orienteering map, which they use to find control points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally a training exercise in land navigation for military officers, orienteering has developed many variations. Among these, the oldest and the most popular is foot orienteering. For the purposes of this article, foot orienteering serves as a point of departure for discussion of all other variations, but basically any sport that involves racing against a clock and requires navigation using a map is a type of orienteering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T12:40:11.460" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T12:40:11.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1391" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-10T11:24:48.740" Score="0" Body="Orienteering is a family of sports that requires navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain, and normally moving at speed" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T12:40:13.253" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T12:40:13.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1392" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2012-08-10T12:55:10.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports Stack Exchange is a one-stop shop for participants, hobbyists, and fans of all forms of sports and competitive physical activity. We welcome questions of all levels. For a non-inclusive list of example topics, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://meta.sports.stackexchange.com/a/332/527&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please formulate your &lt;a href=&quot;http://meta.sports.stackexchange.com/a/266/527&quot;&gt;questions&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://meta.sports.stackexchange.com/a/289/527&quot;&gt;answers&lt;/a&gt; to be relevant among the Sports SE community. Subjective questions are subject to the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/09/good-subjective-bad-subjective/&quot;&gt;guidelines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some kinds of questions should not be asked here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who is the better [team/athlete/etc]?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Is Tim Tebow better than RG3 or Russell Wilson?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Highly opinionated questions may promote debate and diminish the credibility of Sports SE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who will win the [sporting event/award/etc]?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Who will win MLB MVP? Miguel Cabrera or Mike Trout.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hypothetical, futuristic questions may promote extended discussion and diminish the usefulness of Sports SE&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Requests for sources/research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Where can I find the latest FIFA rule book?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sports SE is not your research assistant&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recreation, Fitness, or Outdoor activities&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These types of questions may be more appropriate at &lt;a href=&quot;http://fitness.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;Physical Fitness&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://outdoors.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;The Great Outdoors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T14:52:28.670" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T14:52:28.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1382" CreationDate="2012-08-10T14:52:48.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golf.com/instruction/hit-high-draw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Golf.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...requires a wide, shallow swing path. Place the ball forward in your&#xA;  stance, off your left armpit, which will allow you to take greater&#xA;  advantage of the upward path of your driver at impact, and close your&#xA;  stance about an inch to invite a right-to-left ball flight.  During the takeaway, focus on keeping your hands in front of your body all the way up to the top — this will prevent you from taking the club up and down on a steep path, which is a killer when you're trying to hit a high shot... And there's no need to turn your right arm over your left at impact in an effort to impart draw spin to the ball — your slightly closed stance will take care of that.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few more tips on that page, but I think this is the gist of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T14:52:48.520" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1382" CreationDate="2012-08-10T17:39:04.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A draw (or hook for those who can't control it) is accomplished by squaring the clubface perpendicular to the line of your body, then swinging from inside to out. As the clubhead moves from the left to the right (for a right-handed golfer) across the ball, it will induce the sidespin that makes the ball curve left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To do this, raise your backswing, and think about swinging down, then out at the ball as you swing through. Be careful to still strike the ball with the sweet spot; if you hit off the toe, it'll push or worse. Another method is to move the ball towards your trailing foot, and close the clubface slightly; the clubhead will move in a circle, and so its tangent direction further back in the swing will be more outward. However, the further back you move it, the higher the clubface will be in its arc at impact, so the ball will launch lower; if you want a &quot;high&quot; draw, you're going to want the ball to be more forward in your stance, so you hit it as you come up out of the bottom of the swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is a tee shot, you may also tee it a bit higher to add some loft; the more of the club that's under the ball when it hits, the higher the ball will launch. Don't go crazy high, though, or the club can pass right under the ball, obliterate the tee, and send the ball pretty much straight up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Understand the clubface must remain square to the ball. If you open the clubface, you'll bring it in line with the swing path and the result will be a straight push. If you close it, you'll launch the ball left and it will curve &quot;lefter&quot;; a &quot;snap hook&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T15:47:10.060" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T15:47:10.060" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1384" CreationDate="2012-08-10T18:18:01.163" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing not mentioned; if there weren't eligible receivers, then if the pocket broke down, all the QB would have to do is throw the ball at the center's feet and he'd never get sacked. Under current rules that's intentional grounding, because a legal forward pass must be made to a spot with an eligible reciever in the area (and cross the line of scrimmage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T18:18:01.163" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1397" CreationDate="2012-08-10T20:22:57.383" Score="10" ViewCount="1126" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Houston Astros moving to the American League starting in 2013, each league (National and American) will have an even amount of teams (15).  As a result, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120320&amp;amp;content_id=27435474&amp;amp;vkey=news_mlb&amp;amp;c_id=mlb&quot;&gt;debate&lt;/a&gt; regarding designated hitters (DH) is heating up. As it currently stands, the AL uses designated hitters while the NL does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why are designated hitters used in the AL, but not in the NL?&lt;/strong&gt; Are there any specific reasons why the AL adopted the rule and/or the NL did not? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One would think that this rule would be used MLB-wide to keep things consistent...rather than having to play by the respective rules of the home team's league during interleague play, when a player gets traded from one team in one league to another team in the other league, etc. However, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120806&amp;amp;content_id=36211874&amp;amp;vkey=news_mlb&amp;amp;c_id=mlb&quot;&gt;MLB&lt;/a&gt; claims that the DH has become &quot;a role more than a player.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;History&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_hitter#Background_and_history&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitchers have historcally had low batting averages. In 1973, American League owners voted 8-4 in favor of using a designated hitter to replace a pitcher's at-bat. Since, the AL has generally had a higher batting average than the NL.  The DH was first used in the World Series in 1976 and for even-numbered years until 1985, where the DH would only be used when games were held at an AL team's stadium (&lt;em&gt;when interleague play (NL vs. AL) began in 1997, the DH would be used in the same fashion&lt;/em&gt;). These days, the DH position is used for players to rest and take a partial day-off rather than a full-time position. Also, the DH position has diminished the use of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_switch_%28baseball%29&quot;&gt;double switch&lt;/a&gt; in the AL, but is still rather prevalent in the NL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T02:18:59.327" Title="Use of the designated hitter (DH) in the MLB" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1396" CreationDate="2012-08-10T21:25:50.930" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The AL was swayed by Charlie Finley's (the Oakland A's owner) argument for having a DH, believing it to make for a more interesting game, that it would increase scores, and revenue (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3agVVEgneGsI4J%3awww.saturdayeveningpost.com/2010/01/09/archives/then-and-now/history-baseballs-designated-hitter-rule.html%20designated%20hitter%20why&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;prmd=imvns&amp;amp;strip=1&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/06/why-every-team-in-baseball-should-use-designated-hitters/258938/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-league-adopts-designated-hitter-rule&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; - this third reference is the best, in my opinion):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By the early 1970s, Charlie Finley, the colorful owner of the Oakland A’s, had become the designated hitter rule’s most outspoken advocate, arguing that a pinch-hitter to replace the pitcher [...] would add the extra offensive punch that baseball needed to draw more fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NL wanted to stick with tradition, and did not have the support for the addition of a DH role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time, the NL was beating the AL in scoring and attendance (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-league-adopts-designated-hitter-rule&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_American_League#Designated_hitter_rule&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;). That may be why the NL was happy to stick with tradition, but this is only a guess on my part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another good analysis is by D. Buehler (J.D. University of Washington) and S. Calandrillo (J.D. Harvard Law): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/documents/BUEHLERandCALANDRILLO.pdf&quot;&gt;Law, Economics, and the Designated Hitter Rule&lt;/a&gt;, published in the Boston University Law Review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They summarize the history as follows (taken from their chapter titles):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dominant pitching and decreased attendance create a favorable climate for changing the rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baseball adopts various rule changes to increase offense, including the DH rule in the AL&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The DH rule increases offense and attendance, but the NL refuses to go along&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reasons for why the NL refused to go along include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baseball fans disapproved.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ted Williams was against the rule, predicting it to be &quot;the forerunner of other things. More specialists. More substitutions.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NL President Chub Feeney thought that the change to baseball strategy would take away entertaining moments of the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There were personal player objections to the change. For example, Jim Palmer (pitcher for the Orioles), felt that he wouldn't be as big a part of the game sitting in the dugout. Hank Aaron thought that as a DH, one wouldn't have the opportunity to redeem oneself on the defensive side of the ball if he struck out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, in 1984, the MLB Commissioner polled fans and learned that AL fans favored the DH rule, but NL fans opposed it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The analysis by Buehler and Calandrillo goes further, including a discussion of moral hazard, and how the DH rule changes the cost-benefit of pitching inside, increasing the number of hit batters in the AL. However, this isn't part of the argument made by the NL for opposing the DH rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They conclude:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;American League fans enjoy the increased offense that the designated&#xA;  hitter  rule provides.  National League fans enjoy pitching duels and&#xA;  the chance to see  the manager struggle with the decision whether to&#xA;  pinch-hit for the pitcher in  close games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T22:04:03.847" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T22:04:03.847" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1316" CreationDate="2012-08-11T02:53:16.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there are two types of so called &quot;fans&quot; or &quot;supporters&quot;. I'm a big fan of my local team (first kind), but I do also like teams from other leagues (a secondary type of supporting). My point is that the first kind of fans will support a team no matter the division. Examples: Argentian teams like Rosario Central and River Plate. Juventus (sent to serie B because of legal issues) in Italy is another example. The thing is popular teams play on the premier league because they have money and support to have the best players (which are paid by the supporters in the end). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="706" LastActivityDate="2012-08-11T02:53:16.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1402" CreationDate="2012-08-12T19:07:55.270" Score="6" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some nations have regulations limiting the squad selections in various ways, such as total number of foreign players or a minimum number of &quot;home-grown&quot; players. In Serie A and La Liga I believe there are limitations on number of non-EU citizens. In England, foreign players need to get work permit, which I believe requires the team to justify &quot;employing&quot; that particular player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One usually claims that these regulations exist to enforce the teams to invest in youth academies and that the national teams do better in the long run. My question is whether or not this is claim can be backed up by statistics, in other words whether or not these regulations actually help develop national football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I, personally suspect that it's not as beneficial as one might think, or hope. Isolating the league from foreign talent will likely give first team exposure to players from that nation, but without having to compete for the position, the players will ultimately not push themselves as hard as one would expect.  Of course I can not back this up with statistics or literature, thus I ask this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T04:38:24.443" Title="Do squad limitations help national teams?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1399" CreationDate="2012-08-13T04:38:24.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be hard to make a real analysis of this, because the landmark Bosman and Kolpak rulings affected everyone at the same time, so you cannot compare how things would have developed this way or that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But many years later, I think it's clear that it did not matter much.  The relative strength of national teams in Europe is still about the same as it was 20 or even 40 years ago, and it still has about the same variance over the years and between major tournaments.  So I think the concern that the influx of foreign players into national leagues would harm the respective national teams did not come true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has become clearer because of this is that the development of talented players and teams begins much earlier at the youth levels.  Many national and club teams have realized this or were forced to realize this in one way or another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T04:38:24.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1389" CreationDate="2012-08-13T15:06:04.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have some idea of the amount I should do but I do not know how I&#xA;  should spread it across the week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good start. From here, set realistic goals to improve based on your idea and &lt;strong&gt;don't overdo it&lt;/strong&gt;. Your idea may change...experiment with ideas to find your optimal training approach that is not overwhelming but challenging and progressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: If you endurance train for a 30 minutes, set a goal to endurance train for 32 minutes as your benchmark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should I group my training in the middle of the week or should I try&#xA;  to separate my training days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By my &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.us.orienteering.org/orienteers/training/fitness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;research&lt;/a&gt;, I would separate my training days. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you push yourself to the limit during a training session, your body needs rest to recover from it. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Training too often increases risk of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-13T15:18:12.020" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T15:18:12.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1419" CreationDate="2012-08-14T15:35:09.987" Score="3" ViewCount="2618" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realized that I tend to play really bad returns or do mistakes when I get a high and/or slow ball from the opponent in the middle of a tight rally. I think it has to do with the fact that all of a sudden I get time to think on what I want to do with my hit, instead of playing by intuition and reflexes. That almost always ends in messing up my shot and giving away an easy point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I improve my game with on that aspect? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T08:22:59.083" Title="How can I improve my smashes in table tennis?" Tags="|table-tennis|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1404" CreationDate="2012-08-14T16:11:16.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My simple answer: just do it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a golfer, I get caught up with mechanics. After being discouraged for a period of time, I made the decision of spending minimal time contemplating before I hit my shot. As a result, I'm less focused on how I'm doing it and more focused on just doing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Point being, no matter how the table-tennis ball is being served/returned to you, the main goal is to return it back.  In my own experience, when I would get the high/slow ball served/returned to me, I think of a spike only to hit it into the net or a fast return only to over/under hit it. Just get it over the net, and with the more confidence you get returning the high/slow ball, the more aggressive you can get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't change your gameplan because things seem to be in your favor. It could change any second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T16:11:16.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1406" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1408" CreationDate="2012-08-15T05:48:53.837" Score="0" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;can you guys please suggest me a dieting plan or something to gain weight or to add some muscle around my body and face. &#xA;I'm a 21 year old guy , very slim for my age and want to gain weight really fast without body building.&#xA;Thanks in advance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="719" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:55:01.930" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T08:48:00.530" Title="Gaining weight without body building" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-08-16T17:00:18.503" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1406" CreationDate="2012-08-15T09:03:29.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gaining weight is easy - eat more calories than you expend. If you find it very difficult to gain weight, it probably means you have a high metabolism and are burning more calories than you consume. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gaining muscle is work - there are no easy ways round this I'm afraid. If you want muscle you need to persuade your body to make it, and that means using the muscle you do have hard enough that your body is forced to make more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For rapid muscle gain, it's even harder work - you really need to push hard, exhausting yourself is very likely, and you need to eat the right foods. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And remember that your face may not be one of the places you will put on weight first - the waist is likely to be first for fat, and major muscle groups can bulk faster than small muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carbs and protein are essential to protect yourself from damage and provide muscle mass, and keeping well hydrated is also key.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2017-01-18T08:48:00.530" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T08:48:00.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1406" CreationDate="2012-08-15T12:00:01.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rory Alsop's answer hits nail right on the head. I will try and expand on the concept to provide more details. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The energy metabolism is a very intricate biological network (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/6395/3464&quot;&gt;my answer to a relevant question&lt;/a&gt; for more details), with many components that can vary due to intrinsic (e.g. genetic variation) or external factors (environmental exposure or diet). There is essentially very little you can &quot;ensure&quot; without doing extensive studies on how &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; body &lt;em&gt;normally&lt;/em&gt; works .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it in simplest terms, we have the following statements: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;weight = water + body mass (i.e. bone + tissue + ...) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;many factors of contributing to the weight is regulated tightly, for instance you will get rid of excess water.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the body's biomechanical build up can be approximated by considering only bones and muscle tissue&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;muscle is essentially a type of spring which can hold tension force by contracting (but not extension, in other words muscles pull, not push).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;given that you are not malnourished or have an underlying condition, your bone density will be exactly what you need it to be. In other words, bones get tougher over time, by undergoing tension. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum it up, your body will have the biomechanical setup that will keep itself stable. If you have high/fast-metabolism and do not train much you will most likely not have a large body frame and a muscular structure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no shortcuts, and more often than not you cannot fool your own body. If you want to build up muscle you need to give your body a reason to do so (exercise), and the building blocks accomplish that (nutrition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In response to OPs comment below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finding an optimum diet is a bit tricky but start trying. It's a good idea to get a quantitative feel for how many calories worth food you eat each day. You don't have to weigh everything you eat and look up in tables but at least get an estimate number. Then try to increase that number successively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if you want to get a bit stronger/muscular you will need to increase your physical activity. You don't want to lift weights? Fine, no problem, you can work against your own body weight, try doing sit-ups, push-ups and pull-ups for a start. Working out more will make your body burn more calories, but you'll likely get more hungry as well. Try to make sure that you end up on the positive side with the calories, eventually you'll bulk up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:46:51.823" LastActivityDate="2012-08-16T08:09:56.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1415" CreationDate="2012-08-15T19:40:13.677" Score="11" ViewCount="7538" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I want to jump the cue ball, I point the cue stick at the bottom of the ball and attempt to make a solid strike. A few results have been typical for me: a mishit (most common), the ball goes left or right, or the ball jumps and goes where i intend (least common). If I make a solid strike, there is no English on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have watched pool players hit the cue ball by pointing the cue stick down at a steep angle. When they make a solid strike, the ball jumps pretty high off the table with ridiculous English on it. When I attempt to do this, the ball simply spits out with little, if any, jump and no English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the technique to allow the cue ball to jump AND have English on it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-05T18:41:30.763" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T12:07:09.887" Title="Jumping a cue ball" Tags="|technique|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1410" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-15T19:42:34.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick which is used to strike billiard balls, moving them around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by rubber cushions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-31T20:40:33.090" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T20:40:33.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1411" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-15T19:42:34.953" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of billards." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-15T22:18:34.963" LastActivityDate="2012-08-15T22:18:34.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1412" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1414" CreationDate="2012-08-16T00:47:04.640" Score="4" ViewCount="1498" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the allowed thicknesses of the shell of a tennis ball? I know the external diameter, but I'm interested in what thickness is allowed for the shell itself. I don't have a ball at hand to cut open...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If there's a difference between e.g. ATP and WTA regulations, please mention both).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="721" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T14:11:17.917" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T14:18:13.160" Title="What are the allowed thicknesses of a tennis ball shell?" Tags="|rules|equipment|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1418" CreationDate="2012-08-16T00:57:10.180" Score="18" ViewCount="55973" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently watching the Yankees vs. Rangers game. Just saw a few strikes and balls thrown, and it seems that, for a strike, the umpire just points to his right/left and yells &quot;HO!&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, the umpire doesn't make any signals after a ball is thrown. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there rules as to what an umpire must do/say when a ball or strike is thrown? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2016-04-28T21:37:52.763" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T21:25:33.543" Title="What do baseball umpires say when a strike/ball is thrown?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1412" CreationDate="2012-08-16T01:04:09.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The standard thickness of a pressurized tennis ball shell (eg, the tennis ball is intact and fresh removed from its airtight container) is about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cross/PUBLICATIONS/7.%20BallsDynamicTests.PDF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3 mm&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard thickness of an unpressurized tennis ball shell (eg, if a tennis ball is cut open) is about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cross/PUBLICATIONS/7.%20BallsDynamicTests.PDF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4 - 4.5 mm&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The US Patent for a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/patents/US4739989&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tennis ball&lt;/a&gt; states that &quot;the wall thickness of the shell is between 1.2 and 2.8 millimeters.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ATP and WTA both reference the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/220771/220771.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITF's Appendix I&lt;/a&gt; with respect to tennis ball measurements. Thickness of the shell is not mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T14:18:13.160" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T14:18:13.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1409" CreationDate="2012-08-16T01:46:02.707" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There actually three different skills here for you to learn -- The Jump, The Massé and the Jump Massé.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with the jump first and then get to the massé and then combine the two.  In order to jump the cue ball, elevate the back of your cue stick to 45 degrees and then shoot down, through the center, of the cue ball.  Follow straight through the ball (don't jerk back on contact.)  This will cause the cue ball to jump.  If you hit the ball perfectly, the height and distance of the ball will vary based on the force with which you hit it.  If you need a sharper, higher jump, you can elevate your cue beyond the 45 degrees, but still hit through the center of the cue ball.  Once you get the hang of this, it's pretty easy to adapt to real game situations as needed.  Though, I still always take a kick over a jump simply for predictability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A massé shot is basically just a way to make the cue ball curve.  The way that you make a cue ball curve is to impart spin on the cue ball that is contrary to the direction it is moving such that the spin grabs prior to the cue ball striking something else.  So, start simple here.  Starting with your cue stick level, aim at the top right of the cue ball.  Elevate the back end of your cue 30-45 degrees strike the cue ball in the spot in which you were aiming in a straight line.  Not too hard.  Your cue ball should move forward and slide left before grabbing and curving back to the right.  The simpler massé shots come up occasionally in regular play and is pretty easy to adapt as needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, a jump massé is just a combination of two except the cue is traveling in the air with English rather than along the felt.  Elevate your cue to the 80-90 degree range and strike the cue ball firmly in a straight line in the same spot you were aiming for your previous massé shot.  The ball should elevate with spin and respond accordingly once it gets back to the table.  This is a difficult shot that, in years and years of playing, I've never actually needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There should be a few good tutorials of the first two shots on YouTube for sure.  The last one is mostly used for trick shots, so you might not find a good tutorial. (edit: found an okay one &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDCkiFPCg00&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-08-16T01:46:02.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1413" CreationDate="2012-08-16T02:13:30.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically an umpire will shout &quot;Strike&quot; on a strike call and raise their right hand. (traditionally they would point to the right, but that's not typical anymore). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a ball, they may indicate the count, but typically will not say anything at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a cursory glance of MLB's official rules there seems to be no official guidance as to the words or signals that MLB umpires should use to indicate balls and strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule that covers this seems to be &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/umpires/rules_interest.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;9.04.a.2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Call and count balls and strike;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No further guidance is given in the official rules about &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; to call balls and strikes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-08-16T02:13:30.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1413" CreationDate="2012-08-16T03:53:07.620" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took an umpiring class this past Spring (2012), so I can offer what we were &lt;em&gt;taught&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of whether a pitch is a strike or a ball, we were taught to wait a &quot;tick&quot; to be sure of what we've seen.  If nothing else, this mindset helps one watch the pitch all the way into the glove.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the call is a strike, one should rise from the slightly crouched stance, raise the right hand into a fist and pump it forward with authority and confidence while calling out 'HIKE'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why 'HIKE' and not 'STRIKE'?  Simple, it's easier to call (especially for 7, 8, 9, or more innings), and it sounds close to the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main point is to both call and signal the strike with authority.  Oh, and swinging strikes are signaled, but not called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, we're taught to make all strike calls, including strike three, where we're allowed a little bit of showmanship, while facing forward – not looking to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why?  Well, home plate umpires in MLB, and I believe umpires in AAA along with umpires working certain special games, are the few who have the luxury of having another umpire on &lt;em&gt;each&lt;/em&gt; of the bases.  In the lower minor leagues, I believe there are typically only two base umpires, and in much, if not all, of amateur baseball, there are typically only two umpires total, one home plate ump, and one base ump who moves around the diamond depending on the number and position of runners on base.  (Unfortunately, sometimes one umpire is unlucky enough to have his partner not show up, and he's force to make all the calls.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the call is a ball, one should &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; rise and &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; signal in any way – calling &quot;ball&quot; with authority, but usually not as much volume.  At the amateur level, the call should be loud enough for the pitcher to hear it.  Obviously, that goal becomes more difficult the larger the crowd is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a final note, remember that this is what we're &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;taught&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.  Once out of the classroom, personal style will naturally change some things.  However, if one tries to be too much of a showman, it could degrade one's performance in the eyes of the coaches who submit the umpire game reports, which results in one being a showboat umpire in Little League (no offense meant to Little League umps – I've been one – I'm just saying that a poorly graded/ranked umpire won't even earn a chance to work Varsity HS games, much less move on to college games and beyond).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this may not have answered the original question, I hope the insight is useful and/or enlightening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastActivityDate="2012-08-16T03:53:07.620" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1404" CreationDate="2012-08-16T18:09:16.350" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are probably okay on the fast rallies because you get a lot of practice on them - it sounds like the high/slow returns are unfamiliar to you, or the sudden application of back spin is a contrast to the likely use of heavy top spin on a fast low rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simplest advice is to practice with a friend - get them to send you many high shots, especially with varied spins, so you can get used to the effects of backspin and side spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice, practice, practice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-08-16T18:09:16.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1422" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1427" CreationDate="2012-08-19T15:21:36.420" Score="8" ViewCount="808" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do professional sports teams around the world usually insure their players against injury so that if they lose the player's services, their salary is at least partially covered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no insurance, it would seem that purchasing (as in football) or trading for (as in North American sports) a high-value player is an extremely risky - even if necessary - investment because of the large salaries involved. A single injury can mean the effective loss of millions of dollars due to the player not being available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="253" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-19T22:00:50.697" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T06:12:59.000" Title="Player insurance" Tags="|finances|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1422" CreationDate="2012-08-19T18:08:43.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some teams do insure certain contracts, however many contracts are too risky for any insurance writer to issue a policy (A great example is Amare Stoudamire's contract with the Knicks). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue that necessitates player insurance in the first place is the idea of guaranteed contracts. These are contracts that require the team to pay out the entire value (or some major percentage) of the contract no matter the status of the player. If the player is hurt or is cut by the team they must pay all of the guaranteed money to the player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However different leagues have different types of contracts and different levels of guarantees based on (At least in the US) how their collective bargaining agreements are structured. These are the agreements that allow the leagues to exist and play games in the US. In the four major sports here are how contracts work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MLB: Most every free agent contract is guaranteed. Initial contracts are not guaranteed (unless an extension is done) nor are arbitration settlements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NBA: Contracts are mostly guaranteed, although not all are and some contracts are only partially guaranteed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NHL: Not entirely sure about rookie contracts, but free agent contracts are for the most part guaranteed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NFL: Only the signing bonus and first couple of years are guaranteed on NFL contracts (and depending on the contract, those first years may not even be). If a player is cut during the off season they do not have to pay the remainder of the contract (once a certain date hits the player's contract is guaranteed for that league year). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to the question of insurance. Premiums for sports players can be very &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2008/05/Issue-162/Leagues-Governing-Bodies/MLB-Teams-Insure-Long-Term-Deals-To-Protect-From-Player-Injury.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;high&lt;/a&gt;, as much as &quot;10% of the annual value of the contract.&quot; But may be worth it in the case of very high value players. They also typically do not cover areas of previous injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So suffice to say that yes, major sports teams do take out insurance for high value players, but those policies are very expensive and can be of limited use if a player aggravates an old injury. And players with extensive injury histories are basically uncoverable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-08-20T01:54:59.500" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T01:54:59.500" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1422" CreationDate="2012-08-20T06:12:59.000" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does happen, one famous example is the following: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1204171/Real-Madrid-insure-Cristiano-Ronaldos-legs-90million.html&quot;&gt;Real Madrid insured C. Ronaldo's legs&lt;/a&gt; for £90M ($144M) in his first (or second) season with the team, after a small injury during the pre-season preparations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that national football associations usually (at least in Europe) have insurance policies with clubs, in case a particular player gets injured in team national team and is unavailable for his club. Here's a very interesting article on the matter from Wall Street Journal: &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704500104574650480019898974.html&quot;&gt;&quot;Who Pays When a Soccer Player Is Hurt?&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gets even more peculiar than that, NFL star &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.geekosystem.com/football-player-hair-insurance/&quot;&gt;Troy Polamalu decided to insure his hair&lt;/a&gt; for $1M back in 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T06:12:59.000" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1429" CreationDate="2012-08-20T23:59:22.017" Score="11" ViewCount="39741" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just thought about this while playing wiffleball earlier. During a baseball/softball/wiffleball game, can a switch-hitting batter just switch positions in-between pitches during an at-bat or when he calls time? I know this could be dangerous or just an odd thing to do but I've never heard rules against it so is it allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-21T00:14:43.447" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T11:49:03.723" Title="Can a switch hitter change positions during an at bat?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1428" CreationDate="2012-08-21T00:10:52.983" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://baseball-rules.com/mostfaqs.htm#PSH&quot;&gt;baseballrules.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batter may switch to the other box after every pitch if he so&#xA;  desires. He may do it on any ball strike count. One of the oldest&#xA;  myths in baseball is the one that says you can't switch boxes when you&#xA;  have two strikes on you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The only restriction on the batter is that he may not step into the other box after the pitcher is in position ready to pitch.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;Rule&#xA;  6.06(b)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by the wording of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;MLB rule&lt;/a&gt;, the batter can't switch batters boxes after the pitcher is set:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.06 (b) He steps from one batters box to the other while the pitcher is in position ready to pitch;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There appear to be no other restrictions specific to switch-hitters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-08-21T00:10:52.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1431" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1433" CreationDate="2012-08-21T03:55:52.433" Score="3" ViewCount="5094" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/about_mlb/rules_regulations.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rule book&lt;/a&gt;, the rule states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Determining rookie status&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player shall be considered a rookie unless, during a previous season&#xA;  or seasons, he has (a) &lt;strong&gt;exceeded 130 at-bats or 50 innings pitched&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  in the Major Leagues; or (b) &lt;strong&gt;accumulated more than 45 days on the&#xA;  active roster&lt;/strong&gt; of a Major League club or clubs during the period of&#xA;  25-player limit (excluding time in the military service and time on&#xA;  the disabled list).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From point (a), do post-season (playoff) at-bats or innings pitched count when determining rookie status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-08-21T14:18:44.433" Title="Does MLB rookie status include postseason play?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1431" CreationDate="2012-08-21T13:58:04.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbabaseball.com/rules/index.php?title=Rookie_Qualification_%28MLB%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CBA wiki&lt;/a&gt; is a bit more clear on this subject: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;more than 45 days on a Major League active roster during the 25-man limit period (April-August), excluding time on the disabled list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this jives with some other things like the fact that service time is awarded for the 183 day regular season (though you get just 172 days of service time). That the playoffs are not counted in service time for other players. And finally that you don't want to penalize teams or the rookies themselves for being in the playoffs (an extended playoff run could remove a players eligibility for the rookie of the year award the following year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-21T14:18:44.433" LastActivityDate="2012-08-21T14:18:44.433" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1431" CreationDate="2012-08-21T14:10:43.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Statistics are collected separately for the &quot;postseason&quot; and &quot;championship season.&quot; Assuming he has not accumulated 45 days on the active roster before Sept. 1st, a rookie must accumulate more than 130 at-bats or 50 innings pitched before the end of the &quot;championship season&quot; to not be considered a rookie the following championship season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do post-season (playoff) at-bats or innings pitched count when&#xA;  determining rookie status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Postseason&quot; includes the one-game wild card playoff, the best-of-5 divisional series, the best-of-7 championship series, and the best-of-7 world series. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;championship season,&quot; as it is refered to in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2012/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt;, includes the 162 games scheduled by the Major League and &quot;any games played to break a divisional tie.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules explicitly state how stats for games to break divisional ties are handled (Rule 10.20, in part):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any games played to break a divisional tie shall be included in the&#xA;  statistics for that championship season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-21T14:17:01.173" LastActivityDate="2012-08-21T14:17:01.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1253" CreationDate="2012-08-22T22:01:16.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Different oil patterns cause the ball to react differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parts of the lane where there is more oil, the ball will hook or catch less. Parts of the lane  with less oil will cause the ball to hook more. The different patterns involve different concentrations of oil on different parts of the lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strategies must change due to the way that the ball reacts. A bowler who relies a lot on his hook must change his strategy when the outsides of the lane have lots of oil, because his ball will not hook that much. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typical bowling alleys have very consistent oil patterns, where the oil is a uniform rectangle for most of the lane's length. However at PBA events, the oil patterns get much more intricate, such as the cheetah or scorpion, to make it more challenge for the pros.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="735" LastActivityDate="2012-08-22T22:01:16.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1441" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-23T01:36:28.583" Score="6" ViewCount="2481" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the office, we'd like to start a table tennis league with perpetual standings.  That is, as each match is completed, the scores should be logged and individual player ratings should be adjusted accordingly.  We've got 10-12 players.  Some play every day, some play once or twice a week.  Each match is a best 2 of 3, and frequency of play shouldn't be a significant advantage or disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should we set the league scoring up to accomplish this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="10075" LastEditDate="2015-10-27T08:46:47.203" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T08:07:49.457" Title="Table tennis league scoring" Tags="|table-tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1441" CreationDate="2012-08-23T02:05:57.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I strongly suggest a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_tournament&quot;&gt;ladder ranking system&lt;/a&gt;. This is a common system used in workplace and other community areas that provides for asynchronous tournament play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically order your players 1-x and then any player can challenge a player higher on the ladder than themselves (within some boundary). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The tournament proceeds via a system of challenges. Any player can challenge a player above him or her on the ladder. If the lower-placed player wins the match, then the two players swap places on the ladder. If the lower-placed player loses, then he or she may not challenge the same person again without challenging someone else first. Usually, there is a limit as to how many rungs above themselves players may challenge.[3][4] When first setting up a ladder tournament, usual practice is to place the more skilled players at the bottom of the ladder, so that they have to play to work their way up.[3]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some flaws with this system, but it allows for asynchronous play, and does not unduly penalize people for not playing as often. Basically set a start date and an end date and use the final results of the rankings as either your final, or as the brackets for a single day tournament play event. Alternatively you could use something like ELO from chess, but ladder is much simpler as it does not require math.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-08-23T02:12:44.203" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T02:12:44.203" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5735" CreationDate="2012-08-23T03:06:11.620" Score="7" ViewCount="2422" Body="&lt;p&gt;When kayaking with a friend diagonally across a wide (1.5km) river channel from point A to point B, I always find myself being swept by the current such that my travelling path becomes curve instead of a straight line although I am always pointing my kayak towards point B. Curiously, my friend and I would get separated by a very wide margin (500m) at the middle of the channel before we merged back together with me lagging just slightly (50m) behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it really more energy efficient to kayak from point A to point B while maintaining a straight line path? And how does one keep the path straight while travelling against the river current?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="738" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2014-09-15T13:27:56.870" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T20:11:30.407" Title="What is the most efficient way of kayaking across a river with light flow?" Tags="|technique|kayaking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1448" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1449" CreationDate="2012-08-23T12:29:33.757" Score="20" ViewCount="43533" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rule in football ( &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3/how-is-offside-determined-in-soccer&quot;&gt;How is offside determined in soccer?&lt;/a&gt;) is the source of a large amount of goal-related controvesy, and is argued by some to diminish the entertainment value of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also argued that since its abolition from Hockey, that game has become more entertaining. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Periodically, plans are mooted, but invariably fail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what are its origins, and why have all calls to scrap it been resisted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="739" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T21:46:11.523" Title="Why was offside introduced, and are there reasons for keeping it?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1448" CreationDate="2012-08-23T13:24:53.773" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Offside contributes significantly to the dynamism of the game.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The rule of offside was part of soccer rules even before they were written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even at the begginning of the game it turned out that strikers that infest near the goal and forcing the defenders to stay near them are sterilizers the game out of movement and diversity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, in my opinion, the offside rule adds sophistication and creativity to the game.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Goalkeepers and defenders need to work on their coordination by reducing spacing and &quot;trap&quot; attackers on offside traps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, attackers need to work on coordination and agility, and midfielders on their timing and creativity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't imagine a game of soccer without offside that contributes a lot to game dynamics and creativity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="739" LastEditDate="2012-08-23T14:09:05.893" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T14:09:05.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1448" CreationDate="2012-08-23T14:02:25.373" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The offside rule in football ( How is offside determined in Soccer?)&#xA;  is the source of a large amount of goal-related controvesy, and is&#xA;  argued by some to diminish the entertainment value of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are bold statement to make, especially without any references. I could easily reply with &quot;who?&quot; regarding your second statement (about offside rule diminish the entertainment value of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is also argued that since its abolition from Hockey, that game has&#xA;  become more entertaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This too is a very bold statement; not only it's a bold statement but also a very subjective one. I am not a big fan of hockey and thus I do not utter a word about whether or not the game is better without the offside rule, but even if it did make the game more entertaining there are two logical pitfalls to your statement: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Just because removing offside rule improve the entertainment value of the game in hockey doesn't mean that it would do the same football.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is the entertainment value of a sport the most important consideration? In other words, does football have a responsibility to be entertaining to the crowds? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's very important to think about these two points. First of all no two sport are alike to the degree that one can argue a rule change in one would make sense in the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly I &lt;strong&gt;strongly disagree&lt;/strong&gt; to the point of sports being an entertainment. I have to say it's a rather unfortunate attitude bred by North American leagues (NFL,NBA, MLB, NHL, MLS...) There are many important benefits of commercialized teams, but essentially the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;sportsmanship&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is dying with that attitude. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point with sports should not be about more goals, more TV deals, better ratings... The point with sports is fair play, sportsmanship, athleticism and  morals.. all these icky sticky vague concepts that are hard to explain in words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To come back to the original question; offside rule makes sense, albeit being very encumbered and somewhat hard to understand. It essentially says; &lt;em&gt;... to score a fair goal, you have to work hard, run faster or outsmart your opponent being in an advantageous spot (by being lazy or blatantly lucky) is not &quot;sportsmanly&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (not sure if that word exists in English). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as a football enthusiast that has played way too many unofficial games/tournaments, I second that. I &lt;strong&gt;despise&lt;/strong&gt; lazy players that stand in front of the goal waiting for the ball to come over to them so they can take a shot from 2m distance to the goal, while the other players are pushing themselves hard to play the game the right way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So, what are its origins, and why have all calls to scrap it been&#xA;  resisted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has an interesting article on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_%28association_football%29#History&quot;&gt;history of offside rule&lt;/a&gt;, which mentions among other things, that the offside rule is very old (19th century) and that it used to be much more strict than what it is today. What was once &quot;4-opponents&quot; has become &quot;3-opponents&quot; and finally &quot;2-opponents&quot; successively. There aren't many references in the article however, which kills the impact of the article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the best source on the matter however is FIFA. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/law/summary.html&quot;&gt;an excerpt from FIFA.com&lt;/a&gt; explaining the original offside rule, which was much similar to what I believe off-side rule is like in rugby:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Original offside rule&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The offside rule formed part of the original&#xA;  rules in 1863 but it was a far remove from the law as we know it&#xA;  today. Any attacking player ahead of the ball was deemed to be offside&#xA;  - meaning early tactical systems featured as many as eight forwards, as the only means of advancing the ball was by dribbling or&#xA;  scrimmaging as in rugby. In the late 1860s, the FA made the momentous&#xA;  decision to adopt the three-player rule, where an attacker would be&#xA;  called offside if positioned in front of the third-last defender. Now&#xA;  the passing game could develop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Despite the unification of the rules and the creation of the FA in&#xA;  1863, disputes, largely involving Sheffield clubs who had announced&#xA;  their own set of ideas in 1857, persisted into the late 1870s.&#xA;  However, the creation of the International Football Association Board&#xA;  (IFAB) finally put an end to all arguments. Made up of two&#xA;  representatives from each of the four associations of the United&#xA;  Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland), the IFAB met for the&#xA;  first time on 2 June 1886 to guard the Laws of the Game. Then, as&#xA;  today, a three-quarters majority was needed for a proposal to be&#xA;  passed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T14:02:25.373" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1448" CreationDate="2012-08-23T14:05:14.417" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a football player since very young (I'm from Argentina :) ) I just could explain my point of view. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you have a casual game without offside, ball movement in the field is very weird: there is not much strategy filling spaces in the middle, and it is very common to just put the ball as far as you can in the opponent field. This makes the game more appealing, meaning matches have a lot of goals (like in 5 vs 5 games in a reduced field), but also make it more boring, as defenders being so close to their goalkeeperm make it harder to score. So the game loses a lot of balance in a big field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There where some attemps to change the rule. I can remember a younger continental championship when the rule was enforced but only inside the goal area. That was the only test, but I remember defenders standing on that line, and not attacking because there were a lot of field to cover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMHO this rule enforces the game to be played in a smaller part of the pitch, and allow defenders to try to attack without leaving an empty space for an attacker. (although there are situations where the attackers just go alone, and counter attacks are common, but that only resides in the ability of the defending team in clearing the ball fast enough).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to FIFA's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-laws/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;History of the Laws of the Game&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, the rule was always there, but was changed in time. At first, it looked a lot like rugby, because the law enforced all players not to be ahead of the ball. Then it changed into a 3 players rule (you need 3 players in front of you to not be offside). Some time later (but we are talking about a game that is over 200 years old), the rule was enforced using 2 players. Then the line was moved form behind the second player into the same line. The last thing I &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/oct/25/franz-beckenbauer-fifa-offside&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;heard was that a board&lt;/a&gt; will propose a change to the rule, but as far as I know, there are not any words about it. (and please correct me if i'm wrong).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-09-08T21:46:11.523" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T21:46:11.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1453" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-24T02:13:02.590" Score="5" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;This summer the NFL has opened the preseason in a labor dispute with officials, and are instead using college officials from no BCS conferences are replacements until the dispute is involved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What issues have been seen this preseason and what issues should we look forward to. What steps if any has the NFL taken to mitigate the influence of inexperienced referees on game outcomes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T04:19:13.860" Title="Has there been any notable impact to the NFL using replacement officials?" Tags="|nfl|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1441" CreationDate="2012-08-25T06:13:08.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend an Elo Rating System. This system is primarily used in rating of chess players and ranking of players in games like badminton, tennis and table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each player has a rating score and his/her score increases when they win and decreases when they lose. The margin of change in rating depends on the rating of the opponent. A win against a strong player will give you a better rating than a win against a weak opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The systems has drawbacks like difficulty in understanding how it works and complex mathematical calculations but it will solve your purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-08-25T06:13:08.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="254" CreationDate="2012-08-25T06:43:23.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding to a large extent is correct. The skills you have mentioned are also essential for apopting this kind of play.  Another advantage is that the anchoring midfielder can be quite useful as an extra defender when handling counter attacks from the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to keep in mind is that this style of play helps in attacking down the centre while traditional 4-4-2 concentrates a little more on wings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pure 4-4-2 will find it difficult to contain this formation but allowing some flexibility to the wing midfielders to taking a more centralized role while defending should hold out this attacking approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-08-25T06:43:23.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-25T07:23:29.550" Score="4" ViewCount="2153" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether it be a goal keeper making a save or a fielder taking a close range catch or a sprinter off the block, reaction time is very essential in sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to this, I assumed the fastest games on the planet would be badminton, tennis or table tennis. But tennis players stand at a distance from each other, badminton cock has wind resistance and table tennis balls are slowest of the three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So which is the worlds fastest game based on reaction time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:08:13.680" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T13:08:13.680" Title="Fastest sport based on reaction time" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T21:18:05.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1458" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-26T12:34:29.707" Score="8" ViewCount="3969" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do tennis players need the permission of the governing body of tennis in their respective countries to participate in Grand slams and open competitions? Are the players under the jurisdiction of these organizations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, can the governing body of tennis in a particular country prevent the participation of a player of that country in such tournaments due to any internal reason within the country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T14:36:21.837" LastActivityDate="2023-07-12T17:09:53.047" Title="Do tennis players require the permission of their country to participate in tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1464" CreationDate="2012-08-26T13:04:48.170" Score="0" ViewCount="57278" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the list of participants with seedings, how do I prepare the draw/fixtures?  Is there a standard way of doing it or are there multiple variants?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T16:02:58.630" Title="How to prepare knockout fixtures?" Tags="|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2012-08-31T20:52:42.663" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1022" CreationDate="2012-08-26T16:33:46.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roma made the best use of this formation. It has had it's share of successes but the failures are also quite significant. Here's zonal markings analysis of Roma's success with the 4-6-0:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.zonalmarking.net/2010/03/05/teams-of-the-decade-5-roma-2007/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.zonalmarking.net/2010/03/05/teams-of-the-decade-5-roma-2007/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add my personal experience of employing this strategy at a low level under-14 school tournament. My school team did not have a coach and so we did not know how to keep an attacking formation. So we decided to not have an attacking formation. There were 2 centre backs, 2 full backs and a stopper who held the defensive formation. These 5 players were never involved in any attacking move. The other 5 players simply roamed around the opposite half and took whichever position suited them for that move. Most opposition defences were man marking and their back line broke down trying to mark the chaos. Man marking fails against a strikerless formation. Again, this was from a school level perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorUserId="745" LastEditDate="2012-08-26T17:12:34.203" LastActivityDate="2012-08-26T17:12:34.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1459" CreationDate="2012-08-26T17:46:16.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are few ways to do this, it depends in the number of variants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equality of tournament&lt;/strong&gt; - If want all winning competitors to play the same number of matches at any stage. On Tennis tournament every player will play the same number of games at every stage. This is in opposed to FA cup or UEFA championship league qualifications round where higher ranked competitor will play less than others (referred to as &lt;em&gt;bye&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Competitors per match&lt;/strong&gt; - most of sports are 2 competitors per match but it can be different like in Poker tournament.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On &quot;Equal tournament&quot;, Assuming &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; competitors per match, the number of competitor need to be a power of N and there will be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Log N Number Of Competitors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; rounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consolation stage&lt;/strong&gt; - Some tournament has a second-change option e.g. Olympic Judo when a competitor loses on advanced rounds he gets second change throw consolation stage where he can still win bronze medal, It also exist in tournament that the third place is decided in a match between the semi-final losers. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Re-seeding&lt;/strong&gt; - Is there a Re-seeding after every round? e.g on NFL and NHL a Re-seeding occurs so the highest winning seed will be drawn against the lowest winning seed, the second-highest will meet the second-lowest, etc. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any &lt;strong&gt;other restrictions&lt;/strong&gt; like (e.g competitor from the same state\league can't be drawn together)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are examples for several ways to determine seeded knockout features:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regular Equal seeding tournament when the highest ranked competitor will be drawn against the lowest, the second-best against the second-worst and so on.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second round will face the winner between the highest ranked and the lower will play against the winner between the two medium ranked competitor, Take a look at the following example from Wiki:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rEusO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Basic tournament&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NBA Playoffs - As above but two tournament that divided to East and West conference, The championship is determine in a final between two winners.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grand-slam Tennis - &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1st and 2nd seeds are placed in separate brackets, but then the 3 and 4&#xA;  seeds are assigned to their brackets randomly, and so too are seeds 5&#xA;  through 8, and so on. This may result in some brackets consisting of&#xA;  stronger players than other brackets, and since only the top 32&#xA;  players are seeded at all in Tennis Grand Slam tournaments, it is&#xA;  conceivable that the 33rd-best player in a 128-player field could end&#xA;  up playing the top seed in the first round.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FA cup -  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;knockout tournament with pairings for each round&#xA;  drawn at random. There are no seeds and the draw for each round is not&#xA;  made until after the scheduled dates for the previous round. The draw&#xA;  also determines which teams will play at home.&#xA;  There are a total of 14 rounds in the competition — six qualifying&#xA;  rounds, followed by six further rounds (the &quot;proper&quot; rounds),&#xA;  semi-finals, and the final. The competition begins  Extra Preliminary&#xA;  Round, followed by the Preliminary Round and First Qualifying Round,&#xA;  which are contested by the lowest-ranked clubs. Clubs playing in the&#xA;  Conference North and Conference South are given exemption to the&#xA;  Second Qualifying Round, and Conference National teams are given&#xA;  exemption to the Fourth Qualifying Round. The 32 winners from that&#xA;  round join the 48 clubs from League One and League Two in the First&#xA;  Round (often called the First Round Proper). Finally, teams from the&#xA;  Premier League and Football League Championship enter at the Third&#xA;  Round Proper, at which point there are 64 teams remaining in the&#xA;  competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_(sports)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Cup#Format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-02-23T16:02:58.630" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T16:02:58.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1467" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:09:54.430" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-08-27T07:09:54.430" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T07:09:54.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1468" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:09:54.430" Score="0" Body="Questions about injuries not related to &quot;medical advice.&quot;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-28T00:46:53.587" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T00:46:53.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1469" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:11:42.603" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-08-27T07:11:42.603" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T07:11:42.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1470" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:11:42.603" Score="0" Body="Questions about financial information in sports. This includes compensation for professional athletes and other employees and revenue/expenses for sports organizations and teams. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="784" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T14:52:02.547" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T14:52:02.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1471" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:14:32.520" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-08-27T07:14:32.520" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T07:14:32.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1472" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-27T07:14:32.520" Score="0" Body="Cue sports also known as billiard sports are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick which is used to strike billiard balls, moving them around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by rubber cushions." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-08-29T12:53:28.383" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T12:53:28.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="261" CreationDate="2012-08-27T14:24:37.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought I'd weigh in from a ref's point of view. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been a ref for 7 years, and have two years of experience in the Danish Top League, as well as a few international games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're all right in saying that slashing is one of the more subjective penalties: It all comes down to the way the ref sees it. If a player is trying to poke the puck, or knock it off the other players stick, 99% of the time it won't be a penalty. But when it turns aggressive (arms, upper body, poorly padded areas, skates), or excessive (he's already tried 4-5 times and hasn't even been close) he's no longer attempting to play the puck, but rather hindering the opponents play and stride - And that's when the arm goes up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're also correct that it's enforced differently from league to league, and tournament to tournament. That's also why you'll see a lot more penalties at the World Championships than in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually the rules are more stringent in non-pro and junior-leagues in order to both protect players and make self control a part of their hockey DNA. If they learn, early on, that they should use their body instead of their stick it'll produce a much cleaner and better game of hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="734" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T14:24:37.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="405" CreationDate="2012-08-27T14:31:04.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb, an average hockeyplayer will lose somewhere between 5 and 10 % of the skates edge per hour of skating. That means that after a typical 10-12 hours of hockey, you should get them sharpened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pros are often closer to 50-60% due to the immense power in their strides and most have their skates sharpened before every practice and game - some even before each period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often exactly is as much a question of personal preference as it's about how you skate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you can feel your skate beginning to lose grip it's time for a shapening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="734" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T14:31:04.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2012-08-27T14:48:57.887" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly legal in table tennis to change the racket to other hand during a point. Though uncommon and extremely difficult, it does provide a few exciting moments for the spectators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ITTF has compiled a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=239JKqz4YfY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; capturing these exciting moments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if it is legal for a point, it should be legal for a set and a match as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorUserId="745" LastEditDate="2016-04-10T02:04:17.147" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T02:04:17.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1477" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1478" CreationDate="2012-08-27T17:23:08.120" Score="8" ViewCount="2315" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please examine the following diagram and forgive my crudeness.  Please consider both cars to be traveling at relatively equal speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NT3hW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A crude example&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under FIA rules, what are the correct decisions that the drivers should make?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should the Blue car take a wider line?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should the Red car back off?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would also be very helpful to have a link to or citation of official FIA rule(s) that help clarify this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="749" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:50:35.990" LastActivityDate="2021-08-26T15:30:07.210" Title="In FIA rules, how do passing rules apply to this situation?" Tags="|rules|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1477" CreationDate="2012-08-27T17:59:28.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIA sporting rules section 16:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16) INCIDENTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16.1 &quot;Incident&quot; means any occurrence or series of occurrences involving one or more drivers, or any action by any driver, which is&#xA;  reported to the stewards by the race director (or noted by the&#xA;  stewards and subsequently investigated) which:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) Necessitated the suspension of a race under Article 41.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) Constituted a breach of these Sporting Regulations or the Code.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) Caused a false start by one or more cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) Caused a collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e) Forced a driver off the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f) Illegitimately prevented a legitimate overtaking manoeuvre by a&#xA;  driver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g) Illegitimately impeded another driver during overtaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither driver may cause a collision, force a driver off the track, or illegitimately prevent a legitimate overtaking manoeuvre, or illegitimately impede another driver during overtaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, blue can't ram into red. Blue can't force red off the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also believe red is allowed to follow the track that you have drawn, since that would not be illegitimately preventing a legitimate overtaking manoeuvre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe blue would be in violation of g) if it forced red to slow down in order to avoid a collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further from section 20.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Manoeuvres liable to hinder other drivers, such as deliberate crowding&#xA;  of a car beyond the edge of the track or any other abnormal change of&#xA;  direction, are not permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also supports the red car in your diagram.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception would be if the red car was being lapped by the blue car, in which case, the red car must allow the blue car to pass un-impeded at the first opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2012-08-27T18:08:09.167" LastActivityDate="2012-08-27T18:08:09.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-28T07:28:36.617" Score="7" ViewCount="3406" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm relatively new to the NFL and while I understand the concept of waiving players and the waiver wire, I've seen the term &quot;waived/injured&quot; and was wondering what is different about that process as opposed to normal waiving of a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-24T18:51:08.810" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T18:51:08.810" Title="What does waived/injured mean in the NFL?" Tags="|nfl|terminology|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1479" CreationDate="2012-08-28T15:13:48.670" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Waived injured&lt;/em&gt; means the team is releasing the player but the player is injured. The team is responsible to pay the player until his injury has healed. Other teams are allowed to pick up the player that was &lt;em&gt;Waived Injured&lt;/em&gt;, but they are doing so knowing that the player is inured and not able to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-08-28T15:13:48.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1482" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1483" CreationDate="2012-08-28T16:35:02.370" Score="15" ViewCount="23204" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question has been on my mind for quite some time. Before a football match starts, be it the Premier League or international, the players of either teams walk in usually with a kid dressed in opposing teams colors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is how are these children nominated? Is there a selection process which they need to go through?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="366" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:18:34.490" LastActivityDate="2021-07-14T07:42:35.117" Title="How are the kids who walk with players into a football match selected?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1482" CreationDate="2012-08-28T16:48:59.310" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;mascots&lt;/em&gt; who walk out with the football players are usually from local schools or football teams, selected from letters written in by themselves, winners of competitions run by the club or children with disabilities. Also when youth leagues become &quot;partners&quot; of the team by buying a team package etc., one of the perks is to have some of your players as an escort for a match, as well as serve as ball kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-08-28T16:48:59.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1522" CreationDate="2012-08-29T12:51:49.373" Score="8" ViewCount="2008" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a big hockey guy, but over the last 2 or so seasons I've seen the Tampa Bay Lightning use the incredibly boring 1-3-1 forecheck. As you see in the picture below, the Tampa Bay Lightning (blue) is using the 1-3-1 forecheck against the Philadelphia Flyers (orange).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering, who was the first team / coach that used the 1-3-1 forecheck?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T7SYF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T18:24:57.313" Title="What was the first team to use the 1-3-1 Forecheck" Tags="|ice-hockey|history|strategy|nhl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1488" CreationDate="2012-08-29T15:52:35.317" Score="10" ViewCount="6326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something confuses the heck out of me in regards to TV broadcasting of (American) Football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to live in Seattle.  On Sunday, there were the early games, and the later games.  One was selected to be televised at 1:00 (EST), and one at 4:00 (EST), regardless of which time slot the local team (Seahawks) were playing in.  Easy enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I now live in New York.  There are still early and late games, of course, at the same times.  There are two local teams (Giants/Jets).  But often if neither of those teams is playing in the later time slot, no game will be shown.  Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the first impression I had was that this was just a remarkably poor programming decision made by TV execs...but I once heard the announcers at the end of the early game say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: And coming up next, you'll be seeing one of these three games... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B: Unless you're in New York, of course. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: Of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wha?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounded slightly sarcastic, like they understood that the policy was strange, but expected.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a straightforward explanation for what's going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-09-22T18:25:18.427" LastActivityDate="2022-12-11T23:25:56.783" Title="Why is no second football game televised (possibly just in NY)?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-08-29T18:49:47.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The replacement refs have, actually, made some atrocious calls throughout this preseason. They have missed an innumerable amount of holding penalties, countless pass-interference calls,  and they have even declared a punt a touchback even though it landed on the four yard line...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although back to your question on the &lt;strong&gt;impact&lt;/strong&gt; the have had. Despite their obvious lack of NFL experience, the answer to your question, surprisingly, is no impact whatsoever. The replacements will make poorly judged calls, and they will incorrectly throw a flag in certain situations. The thing is, they will be doing this for &lt;strong&gt;every team&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;every single game&lt;/strong&gt;. How could they possibly give one team an advantage over another in a single game if they make the same horrible calls for both teams? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T18:49:47.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1485" CreationDate="2012-08-30T12:24:09.893" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;An NFL franchised market (i.e. New York, Chicago, Dallas, etc.).&#xA;On a week when the NFL team (or teams) in a market is on the ROAD Sunday, Monday or Thursday night or Saturday afternoon, the market will receive &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; Sunday games... two telecasts by the network with the doubleheader week and one game by the network with the single game week. When an NFL team in the market is playing at HOME on Sunday afternoon, the market will receive &lt;strong&gt;two games&lt;/strong&gt;... one game on FOX and one game on CBS, regardless of which network has the doubleheader week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation #1: So lets say the NY Jets are playing at home on Sunday and the NY Giants are playing away on Sunday. Since both teams are in the NY market, the NY market will receive two games (JETS and GIANTS), one on CBS and one on FOX.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation #2: So lets say the NY Jets are playing on the road Sunday and the NY Giants are also playing on the road Sunday. Since both teams are in the NY market, the NY market will receive receive one double header station and one single game station. Since both teams are in the New York market, they CANNOT play at the same time. This means one team has to play on the doubleheader station and the other team has to play on the single game station. So a mock up of the schedule would look like this. Fox (doubleheader station) would air the Jets and Seahawks at 1:00 and CBS would air the Giants at 4:00.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the only way I can see your problem occurring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T12:24:09.893" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1490" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1492" CreationDate="2012-08-30T20:30:58.443" Score="13" ViewCount="1006" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ice hockey, by nature of being a sport developed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey#History&quot;&gt;British colonialists&lt;/a&gt;, has largely been made up of teams of people who can trace their ancestry to the British isles, the Nordic regions of Europe, or European Russians. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Canada and the United States have become increasingly diverse nations over the last 60 years or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which players were among the first to break color barriers in ice hockey? I'm referring to the ice hockey equivalents of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Robinson&quot;&gt;Jackie Robinson&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanori_Murakami&quot;&gt;Masanori Murakami&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bell%C3%A1n&quot;&gt;Steve Bellán&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25" LastEditorUserId="25" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T20:48:52.947" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T17:34:54.833" Title="Which athletes were the first to break the color barriers in hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1490" CreationDate="2012-08-30T20:35:00.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Willie O'Ree is the considered the first African American to play professionally in the NHL. He was a right winger on the Boston Bruins during the 1957-58 and 1960-61 seasons. He didn't see much playing time after the 1957-58 season due to an eye injury resulting in 95% blindness in his right eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CctS5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go Bruins!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T21:11:21.723" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T21:11:21.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1490" CreationDate="2012-08-30T21:12:12.700" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a timeline of some of the notable milestones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1948:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Kwong&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Larry Kwong&lt;/a&gt; appears for the New York Rangers; he was the son of &lt;strong&gt;Chinese&lt;/strong&gt; immigrants to Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CXt8X.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Larry Kwong&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1958:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Willie O'Ree&lt;/a&gt;, playing for the Boston Bruins, is the first &lt;strong&gt;black&lt;/strong&gt; player to play in the NHL. He has been called the Jackie Robinson of the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UVBHu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Willie O'Ree&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1989:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Bawa&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robin Bawa&lt;/a&gt;, the first &lt;strong&gt;Indian&lt;/strong&gt; player, joins the Washington Capitals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MgNPS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Robin Bawa&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1989:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Guerin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Guerin&lt;/a&gt; becomes the first &lt;strong&gt;Hispanic&lt;/strong&gt; player in the NHL. One of the top scorers ever in the league, he will likely be elected to the Hall of Fame as soon as he is eligible. He won two Stanley Cups in his 18-year career, during which he played for eight different teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TEJEJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bill Guerin&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1990:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Paek&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Paek&lt;/a&gt; is the first &lt;strong&gt;Korean&lt;/strong&gt; player, playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins and eventually winning two Stanley Cups with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xM7rr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Jim Paek&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kariya&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Kariya&lt;/a&gt; is the first player of &lt;strong&gt;Japanese&lt;/strong&gt; descent as he joins the Anaheim Mighty Ducks, and later becomes the first player of Asian descent to score 50 goals in a season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvw6l.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Paul Kariya&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2003:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordin_Tootoo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jordin Tootoo&lt;/a&gt; is the first &lt;strong&gt;Inuit&lt;/strong&gt; player in the league. He is still playing for the Nashville Predators as of this writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kEQcS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Jordin Tootoo&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Other Sources&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bruins.nhl.com/ext/pdfs/Willie_O%27Ree.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Willie O'Rea, Hockey Pioneer&lt;/a&gt; [pdf]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_players_of_Asian_descent&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of ice hockey players of Asian descent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_players_of_Middle_Eastern_descent&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of ice hockey players of Middle Eastern descent&lt;/a&gt; (not used as categorization is difficult)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T17:34:54.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1456" CreationDate="2012-08-30T23:19:25.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's very hard to compare sports in this regards. If we define the reaction time as the time between signal and action, I would say sprinters and swimmers do the purest form of reaction time. It goes straight from audio signal to leg and body muscles. A racket player or bat hitter on the other hand has to process the visual signal to assess ball trajectory, shot selection, then activate muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't necessarily mean a sprinter has a better reaction time, but that we can get more quantifiable results. Slower reaction times in other sports can be more impressive because of all this extra processing that has to be done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In track and field sprint start, we basically first defined what is physically possible, and if you do better than that it's considered a false start. One false start and you're out, but the best can still get close to the limit, so when we consider the reaction times of the best sprinters I think we get quite close to what is achievable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="725" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T23:19:25.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1494" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1496" CreationDate="2012-08-30T23:41:17.767" Score="24" ViewCount="9222" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only team sports with more than two teams I can think of is relays in track and field and swimming like 4x100m and 4x400m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I wonder if there is a full sport on its own that is played by more than two teams at the same time. A ball sport perhaps ? That would be quite impressive in terms of strategy and richness.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it doesn't exists is it because it would create too much incentive for temporary alliance to defeat other teams before duelling each other ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this question I don't consider that individuals helping each others in races like the teams in cycling to be actual teams. There is only one winner at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="725" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T05:20:26.757" Title="What are the team sports with more than two teams?" Tags="|strategy|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2012-08-31T00:01:47.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe golf when you play foursome or fourball?? they are not playing all at the same time, but that's because how the field is made. At least they are all playing one after another, and in groups. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They all are playing against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T00:01:47.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2012-08-31T03:59:42.080" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you need to distinguish two separate attributes here: First, there are team sports, meaning multiple individuals work together, vs. individual sports.  And second, there are sports where the participants react to each others' actions vs. sports where the participants' performances are each measured on some objective scale and the best performer wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you pointed out, there are many team sports, in my sense, involving more than one team: track relays, swim relays, ski relays, team golf, team gymnastics, etc.  You can basically take any individual sport and make a team sport like this out of it.  But those are all sports where each performance is measured separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what your question was really aiming at, I think, is that there are apparently very few &quot;mutually reactive&quot; sports involving more than two parties.  This applies to both team sports and individual sports.  For example, individual sports such as tennis are normally played between two parties as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some activities where you have multiple individuals all playing against each other, especially if you are willing to stretch the definition of &quot;sport&quot; a bit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;most card games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;most board games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;some billiard variants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;some leisure table tennis variants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;computer games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WWE ;-)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some card, board, and computer games, you can also have more than two teams playing against each other, but here you're getting quite far away from sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also add&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;long distance running&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bicycle racing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and similar sports (e.g., cross-country skiing) because the importance of drag and/or pacemaking (rabbits) causes the participants to react to each others' moves, as opposed to just individually running as fast as they can, as in short distance running.  Each of these can be done in teams, not only as relays (more common in running, skiing), but also with all participants going at the same time (as is typical in cycling).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bicycle racing is a bit of a special case, because only one individual wins.  But they have teams, and the team's goal is to have one of their guys win, so it's almost the same thing.  Biathlon used to have team races where all four individuals from a team went at the same time, but the teams did not all start at the same time but were timed separately.  Speed skating has a team race, but the teams are at the opposite ends of the track, so they do not interact.  Short-track speed skating has relays, so the team does not cooperate within itself.  There might not be a crystal-clear example of what you are looking for.  But you could plausibly organize one, like a street race (marathon, say) for teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at those lists and thinking about it, I think the reasons why there aren't many clear examples of sports involving more than two teams playing against each other are mainly practical.  First, there are reasons of geometry.  Normally, opposing players and teams will face each other.  If you have more than two parties, you are very limited in what you can do.  Second, there are reasons of safety.  Most sports in this category involve balls, because that's how players play off each other, and if you have balls flying at high speeds in all directions, it could become dangerous.  Also, player contact will be dangerous if it is likely that more than one player can touch, tackle, or hit you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to do this, then, is with sports that are slow, turn-based, and work well with a flexible or circular player arrangement.  The racing examples fit this as well, because the movement of the participants relative to each other is usually slow, safe, and flexible.  Or you escape from geometry and safety constraints by using computers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T03:59:42.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2012-08-31T11:34:31.263" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Motorsport often fits this scenario - i.e. one team with multiple &quot;players&quot; (drivers) on track competing against many other teams and specifically in the case of Formula One, there is a teams' (Constuctor's) championship that they are playing for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T11:34:31.263" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1500" CreationDate="2012-08-31T15:12:13.743" Score="5" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does Major League Baseball restrict former MLB players who are &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; under contract from using legally perscribed &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance-enhancing_drugs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PED's&lt;/a&gt; prior to coming back to play for a team? Are there restrictions on MLB players from using legally prescribed PED's in the off-season for recovery purposes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:19:48.160" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T21:19:48.160" Title="Use of PED's by players who are not currently under contract or are recovering in the off-season" Tags="|mlb|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1499" CreationDate="2012-08-31T16:51:49.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is all covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlbplayers.mlb.com/pa/pdf/jda.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball’s Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does Major League Baseball restrict former MLB players who are not under&#xA;  contract from using legally perscribed PED's prior to coming back to&#xA;  play for a team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the former MLB player voluntarily and officially retires or if the former MLB player becomes under contract in the Minor League or another professional baseball league, then no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The program covers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;all Players on the Major League Clubs’ 40-man rosters&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any Player who becomes a free agent under Article XIX or Article XX of the Basic Agreement; and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any Player who is released from a Major League roster unless the Player voluntarily retires or signs a Minor League contract or a&#xA;  contract with a club in an unaffiliated professional baseball league&#xA;  (“Players”).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there restrictions on MLB players from using legally prescribed&#xA;  PED's in the off-season for recovery purposes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are restrictions. However, a player may be authorized to use a prohibited substance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player must receive a &quot;Theraputic Use Exemption&quot;  in order to use &quot;a Prohibited Substance through a valid, medically appropriate prescription.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in the program's &quot;Testing&quot; section under &quot;Therapeutic Use Exemption&quot; (Section 3, Article I). Below states how a player would be eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Player authorized to ingest a Prohibited Substance through a valid,&#xA;  medically appropriate prescription provided by a duly licensed&#xA;  physician shall receive a Therapeutic Use Exemption (“TUE”). To be&#xA;  “medically appropriate,” the Player must have a documented medical&#xA;  need under the standards accepted in the United States or Canada for&#xA;  the prescription in the prescribed dosage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-08-31T16:57:19.340" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T16:57:19.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1504" CreationDate="2012-09-01T14:41:44.293" Score="7" ViewCount="7241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it a foul if a player touches the ball with his hand unintentionally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a foul is a player trips and falls and touches the ball with his hand during the fall?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is a foul awarded if the ball touches the hand of a player, when the player has his hand attached to his chest? This situation is likely to occur if a player is standing in the wall during a set piece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T19:49:02.447" Title="When is a handball not penalised?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1503" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1505" CreationDate="2012-09-01T17:25:51.700" Score="5" ViewCount="3434" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of websites giving advice about &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/golftips/ss/mishit_tips.htm&quot;&gt;causes of fat shots&lt;/a&gt;. However, I am experiencing a very bizarre &quot;bug&quot; in my golf swing: I keep lifting my left knee so that I end up on my left toes at impact (with the majority of my weight on my right side). This is causing fat shots which are landing about 4 - 5 inches behind the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easy to say &quot;well, stop raising your left foot!&quot; and indeed that would fix the problem. Unfortunately, it happens instinctively and I cannot control it. Perhaps this is just a symptom rather than the cause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone give any drills for curing this jumping left foot of mine? A mental image or exercise to ensure correct weight transfer from right to left on the downswing would be good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="759" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-01T23:35:52.230" LastActivityDate="2013-03-28T17:54:59.403" Title="Hitting it fat with a raised left foot at impact" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1502" CreationDate="2012-09-01T17:38:32.620" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic rule of handling appear on FIFA laws of the games under LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any &#xA;  of the following three offences:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ....&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own  penalty area)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is what &lt;strong&gt;deliberately&lt;/strong&gt; means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The section about &lt;em&gt;Handling the ball&lt;/em&gt; explains the list of points the referee should consider before deciding the hand ball was deliberately and awarding a free kick.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handling the ball involves a deliberate act of a&#xA;  player making contact with the ball with his hand or arm.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The referee must take the following into consideration:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - the movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an infringement&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - touching the ball with an object held in the hand (clothing, shinguard, etc.)  counts as an infringement&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - hitting the ball with a thrown object (boot, shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found another reference to talking about a specific case of unintentional hand ball: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a spectator blows a whistle and the referee considers the whistle&#xA;  interfered  with play (e.g. a player picks up the ball with his hands,&#xA;  assuming that play  has been stopped), the referee must stop the match&#xA;  and restart the play with a  dropped ball from the position of the&#xA;  ball when play was stopped, unless play  was stopped inside the goal&#xA;  area, in which case the referee drops the ball on  the goal area line&#xA;  parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball  was&#xA;  located when play was stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific answers to your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is it a foul if a player touches the ball with his hand unintentionally?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Is it a foul is a player trips and falls and touches the ball with his hand during the fall?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If the refree interprets the hand ball as unintentionally so he &lt;strong&gt;won't&lt;/strong&gt; award a free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Also, is a foul awarded if the ball touches the hand of a player, when the player has his hand attached to his chest?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, because 2 reasons:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. The ball moves towards the hand and not the other way around.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. The position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an infringement since the hand didn't affect the movement of the ball (it would hit the chest if the hand wasn't there)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: FIFA laws of the games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-09-01T17:56:40.053" LastActivityDate="2012-09-01T17:56:40.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1503" CreationDate="2012-09-01T23:57:04.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is tough to judge without actually seeing you, but I'll give you the best advice I can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, let's look at posture at address. Do you line up your ball in between your front heel and the middle of your stance? Is a majority of your weight on your back foot at address? At address, I suggest your weight to be even.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, at your end of your backswing, some golfers prefer to be on their toes of their front foot. &lt;em&gt;My feet stay quiet during the swing, so I do not do this.&lt;/em&gt; However, when these golfers start their downswing, they slam their heel to the ground.  Perhaps you can do this to work on your &quot;bug&quot; and your timing between backswing and downswing. Also, weight transfer goes from middle - back foot at the end of your backswing to the front foot at the beginning of your downswing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, at impact, more weight should be on your front foot than your back foot. During practice, I would lean into your shots. This forces the front foot to have more weight on it.  If you're feeling adventurous, then I would look into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golflink.com/about_4492_stack-tilt-golf-method.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Stack and Tilt&lt;/a&gt;, which preaches 90% weight on the front foot at impact to promote hitting the ball first. I do not personally recommend Stack and Tilt, but it may work for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More or less, focus on having weight on your front foot from the start of the downswing and through impact...hit the ball before you hit turf. You will notice that this is only possible if you have more weight on your front foot than your back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-28T17:54:59.403" LastActivityDate="2013-03-28T17:54:59.403" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1503" CreationDate="2012-09-02T00:23:15.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a fan of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stackandtiltgolfswing.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Stack and Tilt&lt;/a&gt; swing, which I learned primarily from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1592404472&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt;. While you don't have to entirely switch to S&amp;amp;T, some of their pointers might help. I'm assuming you are a right handed golfer. Switch things around if not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start with more weight forward (say 65% or more) and try to move the weight even further as the swing progresses. They suggest doing this by straightening the right leg on the back swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One drill they recommend is placing an empty soda can under your left foot and trying to crush it on the down swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another drill is to swing with your left eye closed. You shouldn't lose sight of the ball. That will also keep your weight forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="669" LastActivityDate="2012-09-02T00:23:15.467" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1503" CreationDate="2012-09-02T05:55:06.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for a drill to help you keep your left foot down through impact here is a simple one. Practice hitting shots while balancing on only your left foot. Start with a wedge (preferrable a pittching wedge or 9 iron) and make very small swings not trying to hit it very hard. Focus only on  hitting it solid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you progress, start making more full swings. Also, focus your mind on hitting the front of the ball. You want your divot to start just in front of the ball for any irons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="760" LastActivityDate="2012-09-02T05:55:06.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1509" CreationDate="2012-09-02T17:21:01.837" Score="15" ViewCount="14015" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I read a few articles about strikers playing as a &quot;false 9&quot;. My understanding of a &quot;false 9&quot;, is that he is a striker whose purpose is to pull defenders out of position so that his teammates will have a better chance of scoring. Is my understanding correct or is there more to this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, where did this term come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And who are the best players who made this role popular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-10-30T12:51:58.123" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T17:53:19.530" Title="What is the role of a &quot;false 9&quot;?" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|tactics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1508" CreationDate="2012-09-02T18:12:26.793" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's start from the end. The best player who plays &quot;false 9&quot; today is, without any doubt, Lionel Messi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isn't one definition of a &quot;false 9&quot;, but I will try to explain it from my understanding.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;False 9&quot; is generally a player who isn't a pure striker as defined in the past. This player will drop deep into the field to be a part of or start the attack. When doing that, opponents / defenders will follow him and leave more space to players from the 2nd line to threaten the goal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;false 9&quot; usually has great finishing, a very high level of vision on the pitch, and good dribbling and passing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.zonalmarking.net/glossary/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zonal Marking&lt;/a&gt; defines it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A unconventional lone striker, who drops deep into midfield. Francesco&#xA;  Totti perhaps invented it for Roma in 2006/7, Lionel Messi played here&#xA;  when he swapped positions with Samuel Eto’o for Barcelona in 2008/09,&#xA;  and Robin van Persie played the role for Arsenal at the start of the&#xA;  2009/10 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams who play with a &quot;false 9&quot; generally play in 4-6-0 formation with the &quot;false 9&quot; turning into a striker when needed. I answered a similar question about this formation here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1022/has-4-6-0-ever-worked-in-high-level-football&quot;&gt;Has 4-6-0 ever worked in high level football?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another great explanation of the &quot;false 9&quot; according to Barcelona and Josep Guardiola's dream about a team with a goalkeeper and 10 midfielders can be found at the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1249718-evolution-of-the-false-9-how-barcelona-and-leo-messi-made-the-position-famous&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-09-02T21:37:57.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="48" CreationDate="2012-09-03T07:38:25.313" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to improve ball handling is to actually practice dribbling. You'll improve your passing and catching of the ball too because you'll improve your reaction time and get a better feel for the ball and how it comes off the ground at different angles, spins, and velocities. Few people go to the gym to practice their dribbling because it seems tedious. But if you can practice simple dribbling exercises, you give yourself time to really understand the nuances in controlling the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few exercises that I used over the past few years. They increase in order of difficulty and should be completed in that order. These exercises might seem quite boring at first but if you practice them before more advanced drills, you'll have a much more solid control of the ball and consequently improve your crossovers, first step dribble, hesitation dribbles, etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dribble the ball high up to your chin and slowly lower the apex of the ball down to your knees. In game scenarios, you need to be able to control your dribble at different heights. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Practice the above drill but dribble twice as hard. When you're trying to beat your defender to the basket, your dribble will be dramatically faster and more difficult to control. Dribbling hard will emulate this and improve your reaction time. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Practice the above drill but look at the hoop the entire time. It's obviously important to be able to keep your eyes up when dribbling. Once you become adept at this, you should always practice dribbling without looking at the ground and ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Practice the above with forward movement, and gradually increase your speed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep these difficulty levels in mind and try implementing them into different styles of dribbling exercises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;crossovers in front of you left to right to left&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between the legs alternating left and right foot forward&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between the legs keeping the left and right foot parallel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;behind your back left to right and back&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's important to be flexible in going from one type of dribble to another so try mixing them up: 1111222233334444, 12341234, etc... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, remember to vary the height of the ball, trying to keep the ball in your hands for various times (cupping the ball without carrying). Increase the intensity and speed of your dribble and once you have the dribble somewhat mastered, look up, bring in movement, and do the exercises until you feel completely comfortable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="762" LastEditorUserId="762" LastEditDate="2012-09-03T07:45:54.210" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T07:45:54.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="673" CreationDate="2012-09-03T15:06:11.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to hydrating, replenishing energy stores, etc., I have found that my recovery time is improved when I don't overextend myself. Two things I've found that help to keep my recovery time in check are: not attempting to run a distance that is further than I'm able to handle, and not running at a pace that is too fast for my goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, it is recommended that long runs not exceed 25-35% of your weekly running volume. This distance is usually adequate for gaining all of the benefits of the long run, while not requiring such a lengthy recovery that it interferes with training. Depending on your goals, there are times where it makes sense to exceed this, but the range is a good rule of thumb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding pace, again, this depends on your goals, but for a typical long run, it is recommended that the pace be 1-2 minutes per mile slower than your goal marathon pace. Another guideline would be to keep the pace &quot;conversational.&quot; Basically, the faster/harder you go during your long run, the more time you'll need to allow for recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last thing I've found to help is to go for a short, easy-paced run the day after a long run, instead of taking a day off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, pace and distance should adjusted based on your ability to complete a workout on any given day. Listen to your body--have you been getting adequate rest and nutrition? Consider the elements--is it warmer or more humid than what you're used to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="764" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T15:06:11.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1513" CreationDate="2012-09-04T06:52:36.187" Score="5" ViewCount="14499" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do each of these divisions mean: Open, Co-Rec, Greek, Women&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="765" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:17:25.190" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T21:17:25.190" Title="What are the differences between the divisions: Open, Co-Rec, Greek, Women" Tags="|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1512" CreationDate="2012-09-04T12:07:50.153" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These divisions usually pop up in college intramural sports. The most common of these sports include: volleyball, kickball, dodgeball, wiffleball, badminton, bowling, ultimate frisbee, Eclipse Ball, and Sports Trivia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Co-Rec&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Co-Rec teams are comprised of a specific number of male and female players on the field/court at a time. The ratio of male players to female players on the field at one point in time must always be even. &lt;em&gt;For example, if your team has 6 players, you must have 3 male and 3 female.&lt;/em&gt; Individuals and teams in this division compete on a recreational basis with the emphasis on having fun and socializing with other students. Skill levels vary from beginner through advanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Open&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Open leagues allow any number or men and/or women to compete in this division. There are no restrictions in this type of league.  Teams can be all men, all women, or any combination of the two. Skill levels also vary from beginner through advanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Women&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is pretty self-explanatory. Women leagues can only be comprised of female athletes. No male players can be on the roster or on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Greek&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This division is limited to only those who belong to a fraternity or sorority in college. Any individuals that are not apart of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-American_Interfraternity_Conference&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Multicultural_Greek_Council&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MGC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Latino_Fraternal_Organizations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NALFO&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NPHC&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhellenic_Council&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Panhellenic Council&lt;/a&gt; cannot join a &lt;em&gt;Greek&lt;/em&gt; league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-04T12:07:50.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2012-09-04T15:11:03.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a center back, we (my line mate and I) have been told to get in the wall according to how our goalkeeper directs us, square up and don't move. Both of us are 6'2&quot; 190 lb, as is one of our center midfielders, so two of us will go in the wall while the third will hard mark one of their perimeter players if they attempt a chip-and-header. As said, though, we've been told in no uncertain terms to &quot;don't move&quot; as that movement makes it more difficult for our goalkeeper to read and react to the flight of the ball. I also play and umpire baseball, and the adage holds true -- if you have a weakness or a flaw or a gap, the ball will find it. Same goes for soccer -- if you jump or twist while in the wall, the ball has a way of finding that gap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the level of soccer we play, very few guys can rip a precision shot over or around a well-deployed wall. Some can, or could... a fair number of guys were pro or collegiate players at one time, and of them, maybe a third could do it? What we actually do, to increase the odds if we're taking the free kick, is to place one of us (center backs) on the end of the opposing team's wall. Plant our feet, don't get elbowed out of the way, and our striker knows to aim right at our head. We know to duck and slide -- we create that gap that gives that much better a chance of scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="766" LastActivityDate="2012-09-04T15:11:03.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1521" CreationDate="2012-09-05T11:59:52.950" Score="1" ViewCount="2287" Body="&lt;p&gt;I bought tickets for the Boston Bruins' opening night against the Montreal Canadians on October 18, 2012. What will happen to the tickets that people have bought if there is a lockout? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there is a possibility that there will be a partial lockout and the season will start in December rather than October (&lt;em&gt;like the NBA 2011-2012 season&lt;/em&gt;). If this happens, and &quot;opening night&quot; gets moved from October 18th to December 1st, what will happen to all of those who bought tickets for games between those two dates?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T16:53:53.490" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T17:24:52.950" Title="If there is an NHL lockout / partial lockout, what will happen to purchased tickets?" Tags="|rules|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2013-05-10T16:58:12.237" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1518" CreationDate="2012-09-05T13:56:34.007" Score="5" ViewCount="7283" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed in the NBA that when a player takes a foul shot, they're usually surrounded by other players lined up around the box. But sometimes when a player is shooting a foul shot, they're completely alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between these two foul shooting situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/brTvA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;alone&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6dTzK.png&quot; alt=&quot;not alone&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-12T13:34:03.130" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T13:34:38.157" Title="In the NBA, what is the difference when players shoot foul shots alone vs. around other players?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2012-09-05T14:33:46.070" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two kinds of foul shots, those that end in possession of the shooting team, and those that are up for grabs on a miss but awarded to the opposing team on a make. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normal foul shots on personal fouls are the second kind. Both teams are free to rebound a miss and the non-shooting team is awarded the ball on a make. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for flagrant fouls and technical fouls the team that shoots the free throws is awarded the ball regardless of the result of the shot. Since the rebound cannot be contested the player is allowed to shoot by himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T14:33:46.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2012-09-05T14:50:44.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happens when the free-throw is a result of Technical foul.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Technical foul is particularly difficult foul or foul that is incompatible with the &amp;quot;Spirit of the game&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In the NBA, the penalty for a Technical foul is one free throw for the rival team and after it possession on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the case of technical foul there isn't a need that there will be players around the end-line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also unsportsmanlike technical foul.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20121013214940/http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A technical foul shall be assessed for unsportsmanlike tactics such&#xA;as:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(1) Disrespectfully addressing an official&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(2) Physically contacting an official&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(3) Overt actions indicating resentment to a call&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(4) Use of profanity&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(5) A coach entering onto the court without permission of an official&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(6) A deliberately-thrown elbow or any attempted physical act with no con-tact involved&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(7) Taunting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also seen cases when there isn't any offence players around the throwing player because it's the first throw or because they count on him to score or don't want to be causght surprise in fast break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-12T13:34:38.157" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T13:34:38.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1516" CreationDate="2012-09-05T17:24:52.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know for season tickets they told me that I don't pay for games that aren't played.  So I think they refund anything that you may have purchased once the schedule is decided. As for individual tickets I would bet it is the same as a canceled event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="769" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T17:24:52.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1484" CreationDate="2012-09-05T20:24:29.083" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New Jersey Devils used a similar setup back in the mid 90's. It was so revolutionary that it knocked fans out of their seats -- and into their beds ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1-3-1 is a type of &lt;em&gt;neutral zone trap&lt;/em&gt;, which many teams will employ situationally at different points in the game. It is a natural evolution of the single forechecker on a penalty kill, and is often done late in games to preserve comfortable leads. As a result, I am almost certain you can see 1-3-1 variants at various points of games as far back as you can find professional hockey footage; as such, it is hard to figure out who used it first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as for using it as a general game strategy, probably go back to 1995 NJ Devils, or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit, for more detail:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The resurgence of the 1-3-1 can be linked to the removal of the two-line pass rule. Prior to the two-line pass removal, teams had to carry the puck at least over their own blue line before attempting to connect with another player near the offensive zone. Two forecheckers could successfully jam the breakout at the blue line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with two-line pass permissible, many teams (cf. Blackhawks 2009) will position a winger just before the offensive blue line. During the breakout, a player will fire a hard pass towards this winger, who will tip it deep, thus avoiding an icing. Then, the remaining winger and center will attack the offensive zone with speed, which gives them an advantage over the defenders, who have to transition to the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This causes a lot of &quot;dump and chase&quot; hockey that favors the offense -- the fast moving offence can either get to the puck first, or come into the defender hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The counter to this is to jam the passing lane through the neutral zone by stacking three defenders deep. The back defender can still get back to jam the puck in the corner if necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, the 1-3-1 saw little use pre-lockout in the NHL, because it wasn't a useful counter strategy. You saw it in College hockey somewhat, which didn't have a two-line pass rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="708" LastEditorUserId="708" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T20:33:06.210" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T20:33:06.210" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1543" CreationDate="2012-09-05T22:40:19.973" Score="9" ViewCount="1149" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ordinary television shows have sites like Hulu where their content can be viewed online.  However, for the NFL, their online content distribution strategy seems less clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the league's current policy for online content distribution, and are there currently any official online distribution channels for regular season games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T17:55:44.217" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T14:44:06.280" Title="How does the NFL distribute their content online?" Tags="|rules|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="984" CreationDate="2012-09-06T17:10:09.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;C&quot; patches for players in their fifth year and sixth year as captain (and in subsequent years, I assume) are very similar, if not the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eli Manning in 2011&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5th year captain for the New York Giants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reebok was the NFL's apparel provider&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/P9MlJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Eli Manning 2011&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eli Manning in 2012&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6th year captain for the New York Giants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nike is the NFL's jersey provider and New Era is the NFL's headwear provider&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q98FS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Eli Manning 2012&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-18T07:51:19.137" LastActivityDate="2013-01-18T07:51:19.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1357" CreationDate="2012-09-06T17:47:48.097" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The competition is played hole by hole. If a player shoots a birdie or better he wins that hole and marks it with a &lt;strong&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;. If a player shoots a bogey or worse he loses the hole and marks it down with a &lt;strong&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;. A player &lt;em&gt;halves&lt;/em&gt; the hole if they shoot par and this is marked with a &lt;strong&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;. The lost holes are subtracted from the won holes to give a final score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hole 1 - Par 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shoot a Par. Result &lt;strong&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hole 2 - Par 5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shoot a 3. Result &lt;strong&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hole 3 - Par 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shoot an 8. Result &lt;strong&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hole 4 - Par 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shoot an 4. Result &lt;strong&gt;+&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;End Result&lt;/strong&gt;: 0, +, -, + = &lt;strong&gt;+1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T17:47:48.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1535" CreationDate="2012-09-06T23:08:28.833" Score="7" ViewCount="4487" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking for a Karting (racing) shoe for a 15 year old. Some have high-tops while others have a low profile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some high-tops do not have a cut out above the heel. Would a cut out be beneficial or not? Should the shoe fit snug at the ankle or be a little loose? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do all the karting shoes have a rounded sole but only some have a cut out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The primary consideration is safety with athletic performance being secondary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="772" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:16:53.410" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:16:53.410" Title="What are the differences between Karting shoes?" Tags="|equipment|injuries|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1530" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-06T23:22:36.367" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kart racing or karting is a variant of open-wheel motorsport with small, open, four-wheeled vehicles called karts, go-karts, or gearbox/shifter karts depending on the design. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher and more expensive ranks of motorsports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Karts vary widely in speed and some (known as Superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 miles per hour (260 km/h), while go-karts intended for the general public in amusement parks may be limited to speeds of no more than 15 miles per hour (24 km/h). A KF1 kart, with a 125 cc 2-stroke engine and an overall weight including the driver of 150 kilograms has a top speed of 85 miles per hour (137 km/h). It takes a little more than 3 seconds to go from 0 to 60 mph with a 125 cc shifter kart (6 gears), with a top speed of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) on long circuits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="772" LastEditorUserId="772" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T02:23:54.490" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T02:23:54.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1531" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-06T23:22:36.367" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of kart-racing, also known as karting." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T02:24:28.530" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T02:24:28.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1529" CreationDate="2012-09-07T08:22:06.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having raced karts and cars for many years, the only crucial factors for motor racing shoes are that they can fit into what is often a very reduced space, and they can protect your fit from fire and other damage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A high top will offer more protection, but can be a little restrictive, which is why many opt for lower ankles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For karting the fire risk is low, and you tend to have ample space, so I would go with whatever is comfortable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2012-09-18T19:23:42.253" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T19:23:42.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1503" CreationDate="2012-09-07T09:36:25.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple, easy tip to stop you ending up on your toes on your left foot is to place a golf ball under the front of your left foot. This will stop you from raising your heel and ending up on your toes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="683" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T09:36:25.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1357" CreationDate="2012-09-07T09:41:55.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Ireland we call this format V-Par because you are completing against (versus) par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is essentially the same as playing match play against par on every hole. Like in match play there are only three outcomes for each hole, (Win, Halve, Loss).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike match play you must play all 18 holes even if you are for example 3 up with 2 holes left. So if you beat par on 6 holes, lost on 4 holes and halved the other 8 your total score would be 2 up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="683" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T09:41:55.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1529" CreationDate="2012-09-07T12:03:46.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-top or Low-top&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, high tops are better because most of them are fire rated and add that extra protection. If you were to burn your ankles, they do not recover well from burn damage. This results in a long and painful recovery time. In a non-fire resistant shoe, the best buy would still be a high top so there is less edge to catch a pedal on. So my answer would obviously be the &lt;strong&gt;High-Top&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hint: After tying your laces, stick them into the shoe to avoid getting them caught in and around the pedals.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Size&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shoe should feel comfortable when you put it on. It can be a little snug at first, but you know it's going to loosen up a little bit. A driving shoe shouldn't be uncomfortable, but you want it snug enough to do the job. All I can say is to make sure the shoes fit perfectly, for safety's sake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-09-19T11:41:41.743" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T11:41:41.743" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2338" CreationDate="2012-09-07T13:07:04.503" Score="19" ViewCount="30472" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm disillusioned with Nike+, where I've been logging runs for over a year, and ready to try something new (in this case, Strava). How can I export my data from Nike+ so I'm not losing it all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:21:40.890" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T08:45:13.293" Title="What is the simplest way to transfer data between online running logs?" Tags="|running|technology|" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2017-07-06T13:56:14.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1458" CreationDate="2012-09-07T13:44:13.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anyone can participate in any competition as long as they are registered with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tennis_Federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITF&lt;/a&gt; and they have signed up and received a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/ipin/ipininformation/index.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PRO IPIN&lt;/a&gt;. They can represent the country that the currently a legal citizen in. In the rare occurrence that the player has dual citizenship, that player can pick between either country. This always stays up to date because each player has to update their IPIN information every time they register for a tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to explain the country permissions. Each country has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/111963/111963.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Member National Association&lt;/a&gt; which you first go through to gain access into playing in the ITF. Here are the regulations for the Member National Association for the USA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility for ITF International Team Competitions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In compliance with ITF regulations, in order to be endorsed by the&#xA;  USTA into ITF international team competitions, a player shall be a&#xA;  U.S. citizen as evidenced by possession of a valid U.S. passport,&#xA;  Certificate of Naturalization, or other documentation acceptable to&#xA;  the ITF. U.S. citizens who reside in Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands,&#xA;  American Samoa, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands may play either&#xA;  for their respective team or the U.S. international team.Once a player&#xA;  has accepted a nomination for one team, the player may not compete on&#xA;  the other team, unless reinstated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USA Regulation &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/2012%20FRIEND%20AT%20COURT.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T13:57:09.070" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T13:57:09.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2012-09-07T23:27:27.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, an injured player may only be substituted for if the coach hasn't already used up his maximum 3 substitutions. Many coaches bring out subs #1 and #2 at, say, 55' and 70', then defer the 3rd and final substitution until there is so little time remaining in the game as to make a game-ending injury to one of his players a remote possibility. In, say, the 89th minute, a coach can comfortably use his final sub, knowing that he's making a very calculated gamble owing to their being so little time remaining. A coach deploying all 3 subs prior to the 80' mark is vulnerable to an injury requiring his team to play the balance of the game with ten men. These substitutions are almost always the 3rd and final substitution. The previous answers are valid only with respect to the player chosen to go in and the one removed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="776" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2012-09-19T19:10:08.890" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T19:10:08.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1541" CreationDate="2012-09-09T22:08:48.900" Score="13" ViewCount="3834" Body="&lt;p&gt;Premier division teams in the top European leagues (EPL etc) play a lot of matches, especially the elite teams that also play in UEFA. With player fatigue, injury, suspension etc reserve players must be needed at times. By reserve I mean players beyond the starting eleven plus 3 subs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is who are these players, how good are they and what do they get paid? From the teams perspective, they have plenty of cash and don't want to have to field players who are terrible when their stars are unavailable. But from the players perspective, if you are good enough to occasionally be a sub and get a few minutes for Manchester United, then you are probably good enough to be a starting player for Wolverhampton but then you'd actually get to play full games regularly. Is this about the standard of these reserve players, or are they more like the ability of a regular starter in a lower division?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main football code I follow is Australian Rugby League and in the top competition (the NRL) each club has a top team but also a reserved grade team that plays in a parallel competition. There is also an under 21s competition which also functions as a type of reserve grade. When top team players are unavailable, someone who has been doing well in reserve grade steps up to the big time and when the top player returns they go back to the reserves but crucially keep getting regular game time. My understanding of European football is that there is not this kind of reserve grade system. So what are the reserve players doing when they are not needed? How do they continue to demonstrate to the manager that they are in form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T14:34:37.527" LastActivityDate="2013-05-10T07:27:39.700" Title="How do top football league (e.g. EPL) teams retain reserve players?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="662" CreationDate="2012-09-09T22:18:33.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rugby football codes (Rugby League and Rugby Union) it is almost universal to have a finals series decide the winner of the league. If you are brought up watching this kind of sport this seems perfectly normal and the lack of finals in most soccer leagues seems weird and anti-climactic. Indeed, in the Australian A-league (top level soccer league) they have a finals series probably because it is present in every other major sport played in the country and its absence would seem very strange. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fans and players all look forward to the month of footy finals at the end of the year and there are a lot of traditions surrounding the finals. Yes, I'm sure broadcasters and stadium owners love the revenue it generates but this was the structure long before commercial interests became important. Fans want to see the top teams battle it out for the premiership instead of the winner being decided by bean counters, possibly weeks before the end of the season causing the last few games to peter out into meaningless exchanges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2012-09-10T01:08:45.540" LastActivityDate="2012-09-10T01:08:45.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1539" CreationDate="2012-09-10T00:57:26.180" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every professional top division football team in Europe usually has a squad of around 30-35 players including reserves.  The quality of most of the reserve players are almost equal to that of the starting 11 and the substitutes.  The reserve players not only replace the starting 11 and substitutes when they are injured but also when they are out of form or when the manager needs to try out a different strategy and some of the reserve players fit well into it.  Some managers adopt a squad rotation policy as a strategic move and reduce the burden on the starting 11.  This way reserve players get oppurtunities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give you more clarity on the Manchester United/Wolverhampton scenario which you have mentioned, a player may choose to be on the bench or reserve at MU, this way he gets to play with better players in his team. Or he may choose to play as a statting 11 at Wolves, this way he gets more match time.  The choice depends on the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are reserve grade matches and U-21 matches which do occur simultaneously along with the main competition and reserve players use these matched to stay fit. I know that this is the case in England, not sure about other leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that you are comparing this with Australian Rugby League (which I know little about). In comparison, I believe that reserve players are used quite often in football and play a crucial role.  I can say that it is very rare to see a top flight team to field the same 11 for more than 3 games consecutively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-09-10T00:57:26.180" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1539" CreationDate="2012-09-10T05:33:40.023" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the very accurate answer by @Max I would like to note a couple of thoughts on why a player might want to choose to be a reserve player in a top team or a starter in a smaller club, given those two options: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all as Max also pointed out, there is usually some squad rotation in most top tier clubs. This is mainly due to competing in many different lanes (league, Europe, national league cup...) and this would put a physical burden on players that play a game every third day. Also there is the somewhat stochastic risk of injury, so unless you really need your stars on the pitch, it might be smarter (in case of an upcoming tough match) to keep them in the bench and not risk an injury. The take home message being, there usually isn't a startup that plays every game and all the other being &quot;just-in-case&quot; players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another prospect is the players age, ambition and career goals. Top teams can usually pay much more for their reserves than what smaller teams can afford to pay to their starting players. They would also get significant squad bonuses if the top team in question wins a competition. This would be very lucrative for a player who has been around for some years and career-wise stalled or on the decline. A much younger and relatively unknown player on the other hand would most likely prefer to play in a smaller club to get more playing time (thus experience) and also try and prove himself as a talent, so that he might one day be a starter for a better team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally there is the factor of loyalty, some players are &quot;born and grown&quot; in a club and choose not to leave the club, and the city, for better contracts or more playing time. That's a matter of personal principles, and I for one, respect that a lot even though it's not a very professional behavior. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this gives some more insight on the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-05-10T07:27:39.700" LastActivityDate="2013-05-10T07:27:39.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2012-09-10T12:16:22.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no &quot;legal&quot; way to watch live streaming NFL games online without going through a cable provider. NFL does not allow any websites, even their own, to stream live NFL games. This is due to the huge contracts that the NFL has with CBS, FOX, NBC, and ESPN. If the NFL were to stream live games online, it would take viewers away from these stations, resulting in a loss of advertisement revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to watch full game replays online, after they have happened, NFL offers &lt;a href=&quot;https://gamerewind.nfl.com/nflgr/secure/packages?icampaign=Prod_GR_Nav&amp;amp;cvsorc=Homepage.GR.GP_Nav&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Game Rewind&lt;/a&gt;. This requires a paid online subscription. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have you heart desired to stream a live NFL game on your computer, you can buy a special package with most of your cable providers that allows you to watch live TV on your computer. This doesn't affect the contracts that NFL has with certain stations because it is the exact picture you would be seeing if you were watching on a TV, thus giving CBS, FOX, NBC, and ESPN their view rankings and advertisement revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no way to watch live NFL games online unless you buy a package from your cable provider.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no free service which allows you to watch full game replays other then NFL Game Rewind.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-11-17T01:48:43.820" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T01:48:43.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1545" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1548" CreationDate="2012-09-10T17:19:37.723" Score="6" ViewCount="7933" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night, I was in an discussion with the referee in my adult league game. He called me once for a &quot;cross-check&quot; during a situation where I pushed a player out of position using my stick. I never actually &quot;checked&quot; him with my stick, as there was no impact, and I never stiffened my arms. It was a simple position battle. This, to me, is not a cross check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, I removed a player from in front of the net in a similar fashion, but made sure I contact the player using my hands (despite having both hands on my stick). I was given a warning for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, he and I discussed the events, and I maintain that it is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; illegal to push or shove an opposing player out of position using your stick, as long as the action is not a &quot;check.&quot; In other words, you cannot shove the player into the boards, you cannot shove the player onto the ice, and you cannot &quot;hit&quot; the player with your stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under USA Hockey Rule 609, which states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) A minor or a major penalty shall be assessed to a player who delivers a check to an opponent using the stick with both hands on the stick and no portion of the stick on the ice (cross-checking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) A major plus a game misconduct penalty shall be assessed to any player who injures an opponent as a result of crosschecking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe I am correct. Am I?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="708" LastActivityDate="2021-12-06T16:53:56.260" Title="Cross-checking vs. Pushing in Ice Hockey" Tags="|ice-hockey|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-11T09:46:26.047" Score="27" ViewCount="32798" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen many times, while serving, when a tennis player gets a ball, he/she keeps one ball in their pocket or skirt and serves with the other ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they keep an extra ball in their pocket/skirt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cant they take another ball from a ball person after they commit a service fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2012-09-11T22:02:42.927" LastActivityDate="2021-06-07T19:48:58.667" Title="Why do tennis players keep an extra ball in their pocket?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1546" CreationDate="2012-09-11T12:00:50.010" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;A tennis player is allowed to serve two times. If your first attempt (serve) results in a fault, the player is allowed a second attempt. When you commit a fault, in many, if not all competitions, you are &lt;strong&gt;discouraged&lt;/strong&gt; to go and retrieve the ball that resulted in your fault. This would cluster the job of the the ball-boys on the court who's job is to collect dead balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/ITF%20-%20RoT%202010.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 20 (Second Service)&lt;/a&gt; in the ITF Rules of Tennis it states;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the first service is a fault, the server shall serve again &lt;strong&gt;without&#xA;delay&lt;/strong&gt; from behind  the same half of the court from which that fault&#xA;was served, unless the service was  from the wrong half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think that if a player would take time to go and retrieve the ball, this would most likely cause a minor delay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a player has two options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first option is to request another ball from a ball-boy who is located on the side of the court. Very few players do this because it results in loss of concentration and with some players it changes their rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The most common&lt;/strong&gt; option is for a player to request two or three balls before he/she serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the player requests two balls, he/she uses one to serve and uses the other in the case of a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the player requests three or more balls, this is when you will see the player examine all three and then toss one or more of the balls back to a ball-girl/boy. What the player is doing in this situation is getting rid of the worst ball out of the three, keeping the best ball for the first serve and the extra ball in the case of a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T12:02:27.030" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1545" CreationDate="2012-09-11T12:45:44.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the information you provided, you are correct. I dug up some rules that had to do with your description. You would only be penalized if you committed one of the following...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NHL Rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26351&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;59.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cross-checking - The action of using the shaft of the stick between&#xA;  the two hands to forcefully check an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You did not commit this penalty because you did not initiate a &quot;check&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NHL Rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26350&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;58.1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Butt-ending – The action whereby a player uses the shaft of the stick,&#xA;  above the upper hand, to check an opposing player in any manner or&#xA;  jabs or attempts to jab an opposing player with this part of the&#xA;  stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You did not commit this foul because again, you did not initiate a &quot;check&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NHL Rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26348&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;56.1 Interference&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Stick: A player who does not have body position on his opponent, who&#xA;  uses his stick (either the blade or the shaft, including the butt-end&#xA;  of the shaft) to impede or prevent his opponent from moving freely on&#xA;  the ice shall be assessed a hooking penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I was not there, this is the only circumstance I can see the ref having an edge on you. Some refs will make a call if you are fighting for position and you use your stick against the body, even if you don't check. Refs want to see you fight for position by shoving the other player and using your stick to tie up the opponent's stick, not the opponent's body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-09-11T12:45:44.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1552" CreationDate="2012-09-11T20:39:01.740" Score="14" ViewCount="37391" Body="&lt;p&gt;On softball fields, the pitcher's &quot;mound&quot; appears flat. However, on baseball fields, the pitcher's mound is a mound. &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2012/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB Official Rules&lt;/a&gt; state (Rule 1.04, in part):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The pitcher’s plate shall be 10 inches above the level of home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why are pitcher's mounds higher than the rest of the baseball field?&lt;/strong&gt; What noticeable differences do pitchers (and hitters, if applicable) experience between a flat surface and a mound?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D1qL9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Pitcher&amp;#39;s Mound&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:11:33.883" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T02:24:22.853" Title="Why are pitcher's mounds higher than the rest of the baseball field?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1553" CreationDate="2012-09-11T21:38:08.223" Score="5" ViewCount="7544" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few weeks ago, in the dressing room after a game of ice hockey, I noticed that my right skate's toe cap got cracked. Being a defenseman, I probably blocked a shot that hit a weak point or something, and a small chunk of plastic is now missing from the skate's hard toe cap. Over the next couple of games, a crack grew outwards and across the toe cap, and I can now slightly see into the boot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm obviously worried that this is unsafe, since another shot might break it and hit my toes, but I've also noticed that the boot has lost some structural integrity and flexes a lot more as I skate, which is not very good when it comes to skating hard and making sudden stops. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if anyone might know how I can fix this, or if it's really hopeless and I'll need to buy a new pair of skates. The skates themselves are no longer under warranty, but they're less than 3 years old, which makes the situation quite frustrating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="783" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2012-09-26T14:57:05.073" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T03:13:50.857" Title="Is it possible to fix a skate's cracked toe cap?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1546" CreationDate="2012-09-11T21:59:26.627" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;One exception of the &quot;keep one ball&quot; practice that comes to mind is Serena and Venus Williams. Neither of them ever keep a second ball on them. If their first serve results in a fault, then they will request a second ball from a ball person. You can see this if you watch their match footage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the players that request 3, 4 or 5 balls (there is no limit to how many they can request and there are typically 6 balls in play at any given point during the match) - what are they doing to decide which ones to give back to the ball person and which to keep for serving?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has to do with the look of the ball mainly. The fuzz on tennis balls is very dense and matted down when the balls are new and unused. As they are hit, the fuzz becomes less and less matted down and &quot;fluffs up&quot; - and therefore less aerodynamic, causing the ball to travel through the air slower. As a tennis player - when you're serving, you want the ball to travel through the air as fast as possible, so you're looking for the balls that are the least &quot;fluffed up&quot;. This is why you will sometimes hear the commentators of tennis matches refer to new balls as &quot;helping&quot; the first person to serve once new balls are introduced into the match. This is also part of the reason behind the &quot;new ball&quot; gesture players give each other when new balls are introduced. This gesture is made to the player returning serve by the player serving as sort of a &quot;heads up, the balls might fly faster now&quot; warning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During pro matches, 6 balls (2 cans) of new balls are given to the players before warm-up and then new balls are introduced after the first 7 games, then every 9 games thereafter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really pay attention to player habits and superstitions, you can notice some players won't even look at the ball given to them by the ball person and immediately hit it to the opposing ball person in the other corner because they want each ball person to have an even number of balls in their possession so they can turn to either ball person and know they can get 2 balls from them and not waste time/focus turning to a ball person just to see they aren't holding any balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2012-09-11T21:59:26.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1549" CreationDate="2012-09-11T22:54:27.427" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitcher mound is a result of trial and error in order to find the perfect distance and height that will be some kind of point of equality so the pitcher and the batter won't be advantage on each other and ensuring the attraction of the game.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is because we don't want a game when a pitcher is always striking out players and on the other hand we don't want the batter to do a home run in every bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First a little bit of history..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How the pitcher's mound was born?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the early days of baseball , pitchers were required to stay within&#xA;a pitcher's box that had its front edge 45 feet away from home plate.&#xA;But pitchers were dominating batters, so in 1881, the front edge of&#xA;the box was moved back five feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this was still not enough, so in 1887, a new rule required a&#xA;pitcher to keep his back foot on a line that was 55 and one-half feet&#xA;from the plate. Finally in 1893, the pitcher's box was removed, but&#xA;the pitcher's plate, or rubber, was introduced and moved back an&#xA;additional five feet. That gave us today's 60 feet 6 inches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With an official diameter of 18 feet, and rising to 10 inches above&#xA;the level field, the pitcher's mound, or hill, has been a part of&#xA;baseball since around the turn of the 20th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The elevation on pitcher's mound was made in order to return some advantages to pitchers that was lost due to extending the pitcher position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By elevating their delivery point, pitchers can gain momentum as they&#xA;stride down towards the plate. This forward motion adds speed and a&#xA;downward angle to the ball, making it more difficult to hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;off course there are another speculations like this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That the mounds evolved as a matter of&#xA;grounds-keeping practice, for better drainage and water absorption.&#xA;After overhand pitching was legislated in 1884, pitchers undoubtedly&#xA;found the mounds to be an advantage: the downward weight-shift and&#xA;momentum enable them to generate greater velocity on their pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as you stated in the question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher’s plate shall be 10 inches above the level of home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this was not always true:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During different periods in baseball history, the mound has been much&#xA;taller.  The mound in Philadelphia's Shibe park was rumored to be 20&amp;quot;&#xA;high at one time, and the mound throughout baseball in the late 60s&#xA;was as high as 16&amp;quot;.  It wasn't until 1969 that it was lowered to&#xA;today's standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to baseball historian Bill Deane:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the idea for a mound was claimed by an 1880s pitcher, John Montgomery&#xA;Ward. From 1903 to 1968, baseball rules limited the height of the&#xA;mound to 15 inches, although several groundskeepers were rumored to&#xA;have added an inch or two depending on the state of their team's&#xA;pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over the years, as pitchers grew bigger and stronger, hitting&#xA;declined. Major League Baseball knew that most fans would rather see&#xA;home runs than shutouts, so the mound was lowered to ten inches in&#xA;1969. The adjustment worked – team batting averages jumped up about 15 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/657-why-is-there-a-pitchers-mound-in-baseball.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.allexperts.com/q/Baseball-Trivia-General-2552/Pitcher-mound.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-11T22:54:27.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1550" CreationDate="2012-09-12T00:49:49.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I'd say you probably need to bite the bullet and get new skates. Every possible fix I can think of is a lot of work for very little reward...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.playitagainsports.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Play it again sports&lt;/a&gt; anywhere near you, I'd recommend them for skates. I've gotten some lightly used skates there before for half of retail and I've been very happy with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="784" LastActivityDate="2012-09-12T00:49:49.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1554" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1555" CreationDate="2012-09-12T12:31:09.233" Score="14" ViewCount="16946" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any restrictions for the height and width of the blade and handle of a cricket bat? I noticed that some players are using bats with short blades(Mongoose).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-06T23:45:46.793" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T08:00:14.073" Title="Are there any restrictions for the height and width of the blade and handle of a cricket bat?" Tags="|rules|equipment|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1554" CreationDate="2012-09-12T13:22:01.437" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-e-the-bat,1028,AR.html&quot;&gt;Law 6&lt;/a&gt; of the Laws of Cricket, the length of the bat may be no more than &lt;strong&gt;38 in (965 mm)&lt;/strong&gt; and the width no more than &lt;strong&gt;4.25 in (108 mm)&lt;/strong&gt;. If you wish to cover the blade with tape etc., the covering permitted for standard bats have to be of thickness not exceeding 0.012 in (0.3 mm) before treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to the handle, it should not exceed 52% of the overall length of the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-09-12T13:37:47.380" LastActivityDate="2012-09-12T13:37:47.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-09-13T04:03:03.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2012/9/12/3315192/nfl-replacement-referees-mistakes-week-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;several anecdotal issues&lt;/a&gt; we've observed thus far, most notably the 4th timeout given to the Seattle Seahawks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing to remember is any referee can make mistakes, and the right call is often not clear and dependent on your perspective.  If you could count the number of errant calls, you could perform analysis as to how these refs are performing relative to their ordinary counterparts.  As far as I'm aware, no one has undertaken that task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for mitigating the influence of the replacements, they are still the referees.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-400_162-57499408/roger-goodell-touts-merits-of-using-replacement-referees-for-nfl-regular-season/?tag=contentMain;contentBody&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The NFL has trained them&lt;/a&gt;, and standard tools and procedures like instant replay, challenges, booth reviews are still in place. The replacements have the same mitigation of any ordinary referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most importantly, I would say a team's performance has a greater impact on their&#xA;odds of winning than all but the most egregious officiating mistakes.  The situation is what it is, and every single team has to make the best of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="33" LastEditDate="2012-09-13T04:19:13.860" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T04:19:13.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14665" CreationDate="2012-09-13T22:32:44.543" Score="13" ViewCount="1909" Body="&lt;p&gt;About 10 years ago, I read an article in (possibly) the now defunct &lt;em&gt;Cricket Talk&lt;/em&gt; magazine, about a guy in Australia who built cricket bats with bent handles. The bent handle helped keep the ball down when driving, because the face of the bat was naturally angled downwards. Supposedly, a batsman in the Australian domestic shield (perhaps Simon Katich), even used it to make a century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What became of this bat design? Is it legal? If it is, why isn't it more widely used? Did such a bat ever exist at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry there are no references...like I said, this is an article in an out-of-print magazine that I'm now recalling from memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="790" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:51:18.650" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T07:03:03.957" Title="Cricket bat with bent handle?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1557" CreationDate="2012-09-14T01:23:13.247" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not familiar with the anecdote, however the laws of cricket state that the handle must be straight&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;It is a straight shaft for holding the bat.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat,1027,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand there doesn't appear to be any restriction on the face of the bat curving and from personal experience and from watching games most modern bats seem to be curved, but in the opposite direction from what you suggest, i.e. the face curves gently towards the direction of the bowler when held in a regular batting stance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One additional point is that I can't see anywhere in the laws that demand that the join of the handle and the bat be straight, just that the handle itself be straight. However, from a bat construction and transfer of force between hands and ball perspective, you wouldn't want to have anything other than a straight join of the handle and bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, these days everyone wants to play T20 and hit sixes, so this kind of design would probably not be popular even if it were legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T01:23:13.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-14T12:21:07.803" Score="6" ViewCount="971" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it a foul in football if the ball is kicked up in the air towards two opposing players, and the one in front is backing into the one behind in readiness for the ball arriving?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player behind puts out a straight arm to stop the other backing into him is this a foul? Even if he doesn't push the other player, but just keeps his arm straight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="791" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-09-18T15:01:45.790" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T15:01:45.790" Title="Football player backing into another to receive a high kick" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1561" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1567" CreationDate="2012-09-14T15:09:03.407" Score="9" ViewCount="119770" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always wondered how this worked. If a player is getting paid $5,000,000 a year, how do they get that salary? Do they receive it at the beginning of the season as a lump sum? Or do they receive payments weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly? Do they get paid during the off season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T17:26:34.597" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T17:26:34.597" Title="In what way do professional athletes (MLB, NHL, NFL, NBA) get paid?" Tags="|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1559" CreationDate="2012-09-14T16:30:39.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It comes down to &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;who had position first?&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; If you get into position to field the ball, then you are allowed to maintain it fairly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the referee's interpretation of the contact will not always be perfect. But generally, a player who gets into position to play the ball first can maintain the position so long as he does not do anything dangerous in the challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, you arre allowed to impede when the ball is within playing distance. If you look through &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/28/law12-en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;interpretations of Law 12&lt;/a&gt;, it's spelled out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the path of the opponent to obstruct, block, slow down or force a change of direction by an opponent when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All players have a right to their position on the field of play, being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way of an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, again, the whistle in this case is often not blown because of impeding play due to an arm bar, but rather due to charging or pushiing which is considered dangerous contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="792" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T16:30:39.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1561" CreationDate="2012-09-14T21:39:34.843" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only speak for the NHL, but I believe they receive a percentage of their paycheck in standard two week intervals from the beginning of the regular season till the end of the season(13 paychecks total). Some contracts include signing bonuses (which are generally paid when the contract is signed, as implied) or performance bonuses (paid either when the performance goal is achieved or at the end of the season, I'm not sure which).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the NHL has a salary cap based on projected revenue, a certain percentage of the player's salary goes into &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;escrow&lt;/a&gt;. If the league hits the target revenue for the year this money will be returned to the player, otherwise a portion of it may be kept by the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have an official source on this, it's just based on what I've heard unofficially in articles discussing the CBA negotiations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="784" LastEditorUserId="784" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T16:48:19.910" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T16:48:19.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1561" CreationDate="2012-09-14T23:21:47.970" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this cbafaq.com &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q109&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt;, NBA payroll rules can vary by the player's contract, within limits stipulated by the CBA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The league's &lt;strong&gt;standard paydays are on the 1st and 15th of each&#xA;  month&lt;/strong&gt;, beginning November 151. For contracts signed &lt;strong&gt;under the&#xA;  current CBA, the default is 24 paychecks paid over one calendar year&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  Teams and players whose salaries are over the minimum salary can also&#xA;  agree to a 12-check or 36-check schedule, paid over six months or 18&#xA;  months, respectively. For contracts signed under the previous CBA the&#xA;  standard is 12 paychecks paid over six months, with teams and players&#xA;  also able to negotiate a schedule of 24 paychecks paid over 12 months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are various ways for players to be paid at times other than the&#xA;  standard paydays, including signing bonuses, advances, loans, and&#xA;  deferred compensation. However &lt;strong&gt;the basic rule is that players must&#xA;  be paid at least 20% of their base compensation, not including&#xA;  bonuses, on regular league paydays&lt;/strong&gt;. Players cannot have signing&#xA;  bonuses, advances, loan repayment schedules or deferred compensation&#xA;  that cause this rule to be violated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, NFL paycheck distribution is simpler. According to USA Today, player paychecks are distributed weekly during the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players are paid their season salary in 17 installments during the&#xA;  regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@Mansfield's answer agrees what with I know about NHL paychecks - 13 paychecks, paid biweekly during the season. According to this Yahoo Answers &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100802225954AATtVNT&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All salaries are denominated in USD&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players are paid on the 15th and last day of every month starting with&#xA;  September 30th and ending on April 15th&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-fever.com/showthread.php?61528-players-paychecks&amp;amp;p=893614#post893614&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; on baseball-fever.com, MLB players are paid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We get paid on the 1st and the 15th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a caveat - these paycheck rules can change periodically due to the CBA rules negotiated by the leagues and their player associations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T23:21:47.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1568" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1569" CreationDate="2012-09-15T04:28:21.917" Score="14" ViewCount="2971" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some professional sports teams retire numbers in honor of exceptional players.  If practiced frequently enough by an old team, such a practice would be unsustainable.  You'd run out of numbers.  More mildly, you might need to allocate a specific number to someone like Chad Ochocinco.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has the practice of retiring numbers ever created a significant problem for a major league sports team?  How do they work around it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T19:47:28.313" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T19:47:28.313" Title="Has the practice of retiring numbers ever become a problem?" Tags="|history|nfl|mlb|nba|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1568" CreationDate="2012-09-15T07:04:34.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL: Peyton Manning's #18 was retired in Denver, but Frank Tripucka allowed Manning to wear his retired number.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.denverpost.com/broncos/2012/03/20/peyton-manning-wear-18-broncos/12674/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; Kyle Orton wore #8 with the Broncos, even though he wore #18 with the Bears, his team prior to being part of the Broncos.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Orton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB: There are two #8's (Bill Dickey and Yogi Berra) that are retired...Berra wore Dickey's number before it was retired.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/nyy/history/retired_numbers.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; Also, the same has happened with Ferguson Jenkins and Greg Maddux with #31 with the Chicago Cubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB: Ichiro (originally #51 for the Seattle Mariners) wears #31 for the Yankees as #51 was worn by Bernie Williams (although not retired -- most likely out of respect).&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/yankees/2012/07/ichiro-settles-on-no-31-as-new-yankee-uniform-number&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL: #12 for the Seattle Seahawks is retired for the 12th man.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seahawks.com/gameday/12th-man/history.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as waxeagle states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MLB has retired #42 league wide in honor of Jackie Robinson, several&#xA;  players were allowed to keep the number until they retired. Mariano&#xA;  Rivera is the last of these players. However, all MLB players and&#xA;  umpires wear #42 on Jackie Robinson day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has the practice of retiring numbers ever created a significant&#xA;  problem for a major league sports team? How do they work around it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't recall an instance where a significant problem occured. However, the examples above show several solutions to work around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The retired player volunteers to let a player wear his retired number.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player asks permission from the retired player to wear his number.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the number is not retired, it's fair game. If both careers are stellar, then both players have their same number retired.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the number you originally wear is retired/worn by a significant player in a team's history, wear a different number (humility vs. pride).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-16T00:03:03.840" LastActivityDate="2012-09-16T00:03:03.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1568" CreationDate="2012-09-15T12:05:25.193" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not exactly the problem you pointed out in your OP, but the Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL team) have an ongoing dispute with one of their players from 1960-1975. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The leafs have a policy of &lt;strong&gt;honouring&lt;/strong&gt; jersey numbers rather than retiring them, where a banner is raised to the rafters in honour of the player, but future players can still wear the number. Given that the leafs have almost twenty number honoured, they do this to avoid the problem you mentioned in your question. They only actually &lt;strong&gt;retire&lt;/strong&gt; numbers when a player has died or suffered a career ending injury while playing for the team; they only have two numbers actually retired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about the dispute here: Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Keon#Retirement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_award_winners#Retired_numbers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2017 Update: The dispute is over: The Leafs decided to start retiring their numbers rather than honouring them, so Keon's number is now retired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="784" LastEditorUserId="784" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T12:32:31.200" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T12:32:31.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1572" CreationDate="2012-09-17T12:37:37.430" Score="6" ViewCount="5847" Body="&lt;p&gt;This term was brought up in another &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1561/in-what-way-do-professional-athletes-mlb-nhl-nfl-nba-get-paid&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt;. I know that players can receive signing bonuses etc. But can they receive performance bonuses in a salary capped league? To my knowledge, in the NHL for example, any money given to a player other than his regular salary is not allowed because it is a way to get around the NHL's salary cap. With that being said, how are performance bonuses handed out and in which sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T16:02:35.480" Title="What exactly are player performance bonuses?" Tags="|ice-hockey|finances|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1571" CreationDate="2012-09-17T12:49:11.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bonuses in the NHL are completely legal, but &lt;strong&gt;only as a part of a player's contract that affects his cap hit&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many ELCs (Entry Level Contracts) for high profile rookies include performance bonuses. As per the (now expired) CBA, the maximum rookie &lt;strong&gt;salary&lt;/strong&gt; during an ELC is $925,000. However, as much as $2,850,000 can be added in bonuses, which raises the cap hit of such a contract to up to $3,775,000 if it also includes a signing bonus. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://capgeek.com/players/display.php?id=2338&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two different kinds of bonuses: signing and performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Signing bonuses are pretty straightforward. Either the money is paid right when the contract is signed, or there are bonuses at certain times of the year (I have heard of a player getting a &quot;signing bonus&quot; in the middle of his contract at the season's start that was unrelated to performance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Signing bonuses have been particularly popular in the NHL this year due to the labour situation. The current CBA expired on Saturday night, and as the players are now locked out and will not receive any of their regular salary, a lot of players who signed in the summer recieved larger signing bonuses than normal (which they would be paid immediately, before the CBA expired) due to the labour situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Performance bonuses (in the NHL at least) are also fairly straightforward. I've heard of bonuses for goal total, assist total, team points, making the playoffs, and I'd imagine there are many more. Unfortunately the exact details don't tend to be made public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in knowing more about the salary cap in the NHL, I'd definitely recommend visiting general fanager. It's a great resource for all the information you'd ever want to know in regards to the salary cap. As of right now, it's only for hockey, but I believe an NFL site is being developed (not sure exactly where they are with it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="784" LastEditorUserId="10763" LastEditDate="2016-05-04T16:02:35.480" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T16:02:35.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1573" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-17T17:14:33.650" Score="5" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to do a racing jibe in windsurfing ? What is the better type of sail to try to do is first racing jibe (wave sail or slalom sail) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see a video of the professional windsurfer Anders Bringdal &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCTzbQdE4G0&amp;amp;playnext=1&amp;amp;list=PLA2B6FC99FCC18D1E&amp;amp;feature=results_main&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Waves sail pro:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strong&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;maneuvrability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Waves sail cons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;heavy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slalom sail pro&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;accelerate in the gust&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slalom sail cons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fragility&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;less maneuverability.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="771" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:07:33.597" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T13:07:33.597" Title="Racing jibe in windsurfing" Tags="|windsurfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1573" CreationDate="2012-09-17T17:42:31.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slalom sail&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These sails are all about speed. If you want to travel fast, get a Slalom sail. They reach such high speed because they have special &quot;chambers&quot; that are inside the sail and clip onto the mast. Although speed comes with a price since you do have to exert a little more effort to turn this type of sail&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tuning a Slalom sail to extract maximum speed is great fun and can become a technical as you'd like.   Many of the pro's record measurements such as boom height, downhaul and outhaul after each session so they can accurately reproduce a sweet setting.   Most slalom/speed sails are from 6.0 to 10.0 meters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wave sail&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wave sales are built for somebody who is starting out in the sport. They are meant to get beat up. generally reinforced to be able to handle the beating they'll receive when you get it wrong. If you wreck with this type of sail, it will come out of the water perfectly fine, unlike the slalom which might be in pieces. Wave sails are also very easy to handle, which makes turning a lot easier. The rear of the sale is also cut high to avoid getting it caught in surf. The downside for wave sails is that you don't get the speed of a slalom sail. But it is more sturdy, easier to handle and great for beginners. Sizes are generally 3.5 to 5.5 meters&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-09-17T17:42:31.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="957" CreationDate="2012-09-17T20:04:43.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As your question already suggests, there are many contributing elements:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wheels&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;diameter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; although there is some controversy over the exact amount by which the diameter contributes, generally the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_resistance#Depends_on_diameter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rolling resistance depends on diameter in inverse proportion&lt;/a&gt;. In short, bigger wheels equals smaller resistance. Also, on a rough surface, bigger wheels will bridge the holes more easily, resulting in a smoother and more comfortable ride.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;hardness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; indicated by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore_durometer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;durometer&lt;/a&gt; (common range 73A - 92A) is again inversely proportional to the amount of deformation of the wheel under the load. The more is a wheel deformed, the bigger is its contact area with the ground. In bigger wheels, the ratio of deformation length to the wheel size is smaller, hence the wheel is closer to the ideal circular shape.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;heat disipation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; with deformation, there comes a heat production. Over the same distance, a smaller wheel receives more deformations (as it makes more revolutions) than a bigger wheel, thus the smaller wheel heats up more. The same applies for a heat received from the contact with a hot surface (sunlit asphalt road). Heat makes the wheel softer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mass distribution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; affects rotational inertia. Bigger wheels, although not necessarily heavier than smaller ones, have the mass farther from the axle, thus better conserve the rotational momentum. So the bigger wheels are harder to get rolling, but once they roll, it's easier to keep them rolling. You want this for a marathon, not for a sprint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cross-section profile&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; from flat, through circular, to elliptic. A more tapered wheel has a smaller contact area with the ground, which comes with less rolling resistance. A bigger wheel can be more tapered than a small one, due to a better width / height ration of the cross-section.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;spokes design&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; in higher speeds, let's say 25 km / h and over, air resistance becomes quite important (it's quadratic with the speed), so with the same design, a bigger wheel's spokes receive more drag. Spokes design also contributes to the wheel's hardness, weight and mass distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bearings&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;number of balls&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; a bearing is typically composed of 5 to 7 balls, with fewer balls inducing less friction, but putting a higher demand on the quality of the ball surface. In speed-skating, also the weight difference can be important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;size&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; bearings come in two possible sizes: standard 608 and mini (or micro) 688. Again, the weight difference may be important. Mini bearings have less friction, but they wear off more quickly due to a lower dirt tolerance and a smaller contat area size to bear the load.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;lubricant&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; since smaller wheels have to rotate faster than bigger wheels to achieve the same forward speed, the resistance of a lubricant will be higher. While you can be fine with grease while using bigger wheels, to get the same speed with smaller wheels you'll have to switch to oil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setup&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;number of wheels&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; more wheels decrease the load per wheel, thus reducing the wheel's deformation and consequently rolling resistance. The resulting length (front wheel to back wheel) adds to the stability when leaning forwards or backwards, and also makes it easier to bridge holes in a rough surface. On the other hand, it makes it harder to cross legs over in turns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;wheel diameter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; when using bigger wheels, besides the effect on the height of skater's centre of gravity (less than 2 %, which is not a big deal for a non-beginner), there's a bigger one: an increase in the flexing force affecting the ankle (more than 15 %). You can feel it especially in the inner push part of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_push&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;double push&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;frame&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; more wheels or bigger wheels, both mean a longer, heavier and more flexible frame. Longer frame, albeit more stable, is harder to turn with. Flexibility means loss of energy. With more wheels you need more screws (more weight). When the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; wheel is 1 cm smaller, the axle has to be 5 mm lower and some frame models are quite thin at that 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; axle point, thus prone to cracking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; wheel smaller&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; it's more difficult to buy new wheels for this setup, since they are usually sold in packs of 8 pcs of the same size. The two smaller wheels have a different rotational inertia and a different wear period. Also the wear-leveling wheel rotation pattern has to be modified accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;shoe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; with an increase in the flexing force affecting the ankle when using bigger wheels, you may find it hard to use speed-skating shoes. They tend to end no higher than the ankle joint, thus giving no support to it. Until you get the ankles stronger, you may have to resort to mid-high shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;weight&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;ndash; wheels can account for more than 60 % of the total skate weight, depending on the size and the number of the wheels (plus 2 bearings and 1 screw per wheel). Wheels of the same size can still have a different amount of the wheel mass, with more mass giving a longer life span, but also a worse conservation of the rotational momentum due to a different mass distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OOOO&lt;/strong&gt; (4×100; 4×110) &amp;ndash; this is the standard used by speed racers today&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OOO&lt;/strong&gt; (3×110) &amp;ndash; advanced fitness skater, big wheels for inertia, short frame for agility (can be good for a down-hill slalom race)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OOoO&lt;/strong&gt; (3×100+1×90; 3×110+1×100) &amp;ndash; some models prone to frame cracking at the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; axle, minor benefits due to a lower shoe stance (more to the ankle flex, than to the skater's gravity centre)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ooooo&lt;/strong&gt; (5×80) &amp;ndash; falling out of favour nowadays, some benefits due to a much lower shoe stance, other than that it's similar to 4×100, but with all negatives of small wheels&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Just to complement, the setups I have &lt;strong&gt;excessively skated&lt;/strong&gt; for several years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2 × 80&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 80a, ABEC 5, plastic frame &amp;ndash; didn't have spare bearings for the broken ones :o)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4 × 80&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 80a, ABEC 7, aluminium frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4 × 90&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 82-85a, ABEC 7, bamboo frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3 × 90&lt;/strong&gt; mm + &lt;strong&gt;1 × 80&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 82a, ILQ 9, aluminium frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3 × 100&lt;/strong&gt; mm + &lt;strong&gt;1 × 90&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 86a, ILQ 9, aluminium frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4 × 100&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 86a, ILQ 9 Pro, magnesium frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4 × 110&lt;/strong&gt; mm / 85a, ILQ 9 Pro, magnesium frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3 × 150&lt;/strong&gt; mm pneumatic tyres, ABEC 5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="99" LastEditorUserId="99" LastEditDate="2012-09-18T08:59:42.597" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T08:59:42.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1559" CreationDate="2012-09-18T09:48:13.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not 100% sure on this but I think you are allowed to use your body to block the opponent from getting to the ball, likewise you your arm to avoid running to on another. But I don't think holding the player away by pushing him will be missed as a foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next time you watch a game on TV check how defenders react to the situation when a long ball is kicked towards them. The attacker would typically try to control the ball by getting it on the chest or nod the ball to a teammate. If the defender holds his arm out &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; pushing the opponent he: a) risks a fracture in the outstretched arm, and b) he's not effectively keeping the opponent away since there is more space around the arm (the opponent may just take a step to right or left and still be close to the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T09:48:13.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1580" CreationDate="2012-09-18T10:14:00.567" Score="7" ViewCount="1708" Body="&lt;p&gt;D/L method is commonly used for limited over matches.&#xA;Does it work fine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opening players didn't know it would rain that day, so they defend to stand for 20 to 25 overs; then how is it correct for deciding the victory by this? Some teams may have aggressive players in the bottom order, so we can't judge by losing 6 or 7 wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other teams mostly depend on one or more star players; if the bowling side tried hard to pick them at the last stage, then the D/L method will give the victory to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this method the only choice for the cricket officials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:54:05.140" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:54:05.140" Title="Does the Duckworth–Lewis method work correctly for all matches?" Tags="|rules|cricket|duckworth-lewis|interruption|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1529" CreationDate="2012-09-18T11:34:13.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I race karts regularly. I have first hand experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming that you are talking about &lt;em&gt;short-circuit karting&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. non-gearbox). Long-circuit karting is a whole different story (and one where I have no experience).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If possible, try your boots while sat in the kart. I have some really nice, comfortable Puma racing boots but as soon as I get in the kart I find that the rear portion of the ankle cutaway simply rubs/presses on my achilles heel - not especially comfortable after even 10 minutes of racing (and I usually race for 90 minutes - these boots are now gathering dust!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of high-top versus low top, there is a marginal argument on the grounds of safety and protection (imo) but in reality I think this is negligible in karting and it simply becomes a matter of comfort and protection. Similarly, space restriction is rarely an issue in a kart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the UK at least (and I'm pretty sure any FIK affiliated environment), flame/fire retardancy is not a requirement &lt;em&gt;at all&lt;/em&gt; given the low-risk of fire. You will be pushed to find kart-specific equipment that is fire retardant. The consequence is that karting kit generally looks and feels the same as circuit racing kit but is considerably cheaper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as fit is concerned, comfort is key again. Kart boots have thin soles to assist in the &quot;feel&quot; of the pedals but unless you have a gearbox kart, you won't be swapping pedals with your feet so &quot;sensitivity&quot; is much less important than in car racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I meant to  add - the presence or not of a cut out for the heel will very much be a factor of your (son's) stature and consequential position within the kart. A taller driver will need less &quot;pivot&quot; in their heels and will approach the pedals from a more &quot;top-down&quot; position - meaning less room required in the back of their boot. A shorter driver, like me, will have their legs a full extension (almost flat) and therefore their ankle more pivoted and require more room at the back of their boots. Again though, it's comfort! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="737" LastEditDate="2012-09-18T11:40:57.780" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T11:40:57.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1578" CreationDate="2012-09-18T13:52:08.993" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question is if this system is fair, then my response is that it is highly criticized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method has been criticized based on the fact that wickets are (necessarily) a much more heavily weighted resource than overs. For winning a match if rain is interpreted the match, strategy could be to not lose wickets and score at what would seem to be a &quot;losing rate. &lt;strong&gt;So teams could use this rule to win the game&lt;/strong&gt;, which most teams have a strategy to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another criticism is that the duckworth-lewis method does not include the changes in the proportion of number of overs during which field restrictions are in place compared to a completed match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common criticism is that this method is just down right too complicated to understand since it involves very heavy math.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method is the &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; choice that officials have to calculate the score of a match that is interrupted by weather or other circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T13:52:08.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1581" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-18T15:47:56.320" Score="8" ViewCount="8922" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are new to karting and are renting a Kart for Racing. Our fee does not include new tires this is something we must pay for if we want to provide new tires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The existing rear/front tires we use a device to heat scrape off any debris before&#xA;the next race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person we are renting from says we should replace the front tires in a few more weekends. (each weekend has 4 races) The tires on the Kart now are not new.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know that tires are expensive 200.00 a pair but want our child to be safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do we know when to replace? &#xA;So we want to know when is the right time to replace. Can we tell by looking? or is it more something our son can tell while racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The track is a track that is set up in a parking lot so it has a lot of bumps and is not a normal smooth maintained race track. (although they do blow debris off &#xA;before the racing begins)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="772" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T20:52:51.587" Title="How often do tires need to be changed in Kart Racing?" Tags="|rules|injuries|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1581" CreationDate="2012-09-18T15:57:05.010" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;New tyres simply make the kart go quicker by providing more grip. Even if a tyre fails, you are highly, highly unlikely to be in any danger as a result. You &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; spin if a rear tyre fails partway through a quick corner, but your son will spend more time spinning off at the start of his karting career as a result of driving incorrectly than he will through tyre failures. Don't fret over tyre failures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, if your son is starting out, he may arguably benefit from running on well-used tyres for a while as it will help him hone his kart control skills. The bottom line though is that if we had a choice, we'd all slap new tyres on for every race. They will always be quicker. You change tyres when a) you can afford it, or b) you are sacrificing too much time per lap because your old tyres are past their &quot;best&quot; (grippiest) (or if you get a puncture!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of &quot;how long&quot; - it will depend on all sorts of things, not least the brand of rubber, the abrasiveness of the circuit, your son's driving style, the characteristics of the kart he is driving etc. Someone else in the same class and at the same circuit may have a good idea as a guess, but really it will ultimately down to your son exerting enough pressure on you to dip into your wallet again ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2012-09-18T15:57:05.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1578" CreationDate="2012-09-19T04:35:32.517" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;D/L or any other method is necessarily an approximation, so there will always be some strange edge cases.  But it's arguably better than not having any result at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your concerns of correctness.  The D/L method is based on statistics from previous games, so it does generally take into account that teams have aggressive players in the lower middle order etc.  Also, if there is an interruption during the first innings, the team batting second will normally get a higher target, exactly because of your concern: The team batting first did not know it was going to rain and was playing conservatively, but the team batting second does and can plan accordingly.  That is pretty much the whole point of using the D/L method over more simplistic methods such as run-rate calculations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are alternative methods.  The D/L method is currently used for all ICC limited overs matches and most high-profile national competitions.  The VJD system is an alternative system that is claimed to be better but has currently not found any high-profile uptake.  In amateur leagues you will probably find some kind of run-rate calculation in use, which is well-known to be flawed, but simpler to apply in such competitions.  It depends on what the respective governing body decides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T04:35:32.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1585" CreationDate="2012-09-19T12:10:26.647" Score="11" ViewCount="979" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a big golfer, but many people in my family play the sport, so I'm constantly surrounded by golf equipment and lingo. I've always wondered why the golf balls being used have &quot;dimples&quot; on the surface. See in the picture. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2C4J5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;dimples&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm 90% sure they are there for aerodynamics. So if someone could clarify that I am correct, that would be excellent. But if I am correct about the aerodynamics aspect, my question is this...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In a mathematical/scientific explanation, how/why do the dimples on the surface of the ball provide better aerodynamics for the ball?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone could give me an explanation on how the technology actually works that would be awesome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-09-19T12:35:54.347" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T13:08:07.903" Title="Why are there dimples on the surface of golf balls and how do they function?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1584" CreationDate="2012-09-19T12:17:15.057" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct that this has to do with aerodynamics, more specifically drag and air friction. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0215.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; goes over all of the specifics. Ultimately, it boils down to less drag on the ball, allowing it to fly farther. The exact details and an explanation of the difference between a smooth sphere and a dimpled ball are included in the linked article. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following image shows the difference between a smooth sphere and a dimpled ball. The smooth sphere separates the air rapidly, creating a large pressure differential between the front and rear of the ball. This creates a large wake that creates lots of drag, forcing the ball to descend more quickly. In contrast, the dimpled ball delays the separation of the air, reducing the size of the wake. This helps to also reduce the pressure differential between the front and rear of the ball, reducing the drag and subsequently allowing the dimpled ball to fly farther than the smooth sphere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XQbnr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-09-19T12:47:01.057" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T12:47:01.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1587" CreationDate="2012-09-19T12:46:01.480" Score="4" ViewCount="1287" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen documentaries about pitching, especially going back into the old days where people state that left handed pitchers have an advantage on batters. These reasons span from batter position, unique lefty throwing techniques and even the physiology of a human's left hand vs. their right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone provide detailed evidence whether this is actually true or false?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:07:07.377" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:07:07.377" Title="Do left-handed pitchers have a physiological advantage in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|technique|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1586" CreationDate="2012-09-19T15:08:21.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all 10% of the population are left-handed, but amazingly 25% of baseball players are left-handed.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This 2.5 times than average isn't randomly, This fact helps proving that left-handed baseball players has an advantage in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We need to distinguish between 2 claims:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First one is that Left-handed pitchers have an advantage in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Washington University aerospace engineer David Peters has done research on this issue and his main conclusions were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The biggest advantage has to do with the angle of the ball. Three&#xA;quarters of pitchers are right-handed. A right-handed batter has to&#xA;look over his left shoulder and the ball is coming at quite an angle.&#xA;The offset of your eyes gives you depth perception. So when you're&#xA;looking over your shoulder, you have lost the distance between your&#xA;two eyes quite a bit, so you have lost that 10th of a second to see&#xA;the ball. That's why batters switch hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Twenty-five percent of players are left-handed, where in real life only 10 percent [of people] are left-handed, so that's proof that they&#xA;are two-and-a-half-times better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;left-handed batter is closer to first base, so he's got a couple steps&#xA;advantage trying to beat out a grounder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Batters mostly have learned from right-handed pitchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second one is that Left-handed pitchers have an advantage over left handed batters&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't related to Left-handed but referring to the fact that pitcher has an advantage over batter who bat with the same hand, The claim is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because a right-handed pitcher's curveball breaks to the left,&#xA;from his own point of view, which causes it to cross the plate with&#xA;its lateral movement away from a right-handed batter but towards a&#xA;left-handed batter (and vice-versa for a left-handed pitcher), and&#xA;because batters generally find it easier to hit a ball that is over&#xA;the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to the above the answer is &lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://tokyoswallows.com/2008/07/14/left-handed-baseball-players-have-advantage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-handed_specialist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/07/18/southpaw-s-revenge.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/sb20080711a1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/11980.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629115319AALSYf4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-19T15:08:21.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1588" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1589" CreationDate="2012-09-19T17:57:45.833" Score="4" ViewCount="3540" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching a highlight video of three-point field goals in the NBA, I noticed the referees raise their arm after the ball leaves the shooter's hands and through the duration of three-point field goals. &lt;strong&gt;Why do referees raise their arm on three-point field goals?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T14:19:26.287" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T21:39:01.973" Title="Why do referees raise their arm on three-point field goals?" Tags="|rules|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1588" CreationDate="2012-09-19T18:09:49.587" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, WNBA, NCAA and internationally under FIBA rules, the referee is required to raise his arm when a three point field goal is being attempted. If the player on the court makes the three point field goal, the referee is required to hold up his other hand to signal to the score keeper that the player has made the field goal. The actual signal differs slightly between the NBA and WNBA, where the referee is simply required to raise their hand(s), and the NCAA and FIBA rules where the referee is required to raise their hand(s) with three fingers extended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video gives a visual explanation of the three point shot hand signal: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2355374_signaling-3-point-shot-basketball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VIDEO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA signal can be seen on page 66 the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/.element/mp3/2.0/sect/podcastmp3/NBA/podcast/2013-14-Rule-Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014 Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EI9eB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Referee during three point shot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIBA signal can be seen on page 58 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 Official Basketball Rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-11-30T11:55:29.327" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T11:55:29.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1594" CreationDate="2012-09-21T19:48:21.810" Score="11" ViewCount="19087" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Niners-Lions game last week and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYI63ZmEE1c&quot;&gt;saw something that has me a little confused&lt;/a&gt;. I was under the impression that when a quarterback slides in the NFL, the play is considered dead when the player hits the ground. In this video, 49er QB Alex Smith starts sliding and then is hit. I know the timing is really close, but it seems like the defender (safety John Wendling) moved after Smith was already going down. In the instance that a player is hit after the play is dead, I thought there was supposed to be a penalty like unnecessary roughness. I haven't been able to find a rule about QB slides anywhere, except some speculation on it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, is the play dead after a QB slides, regardless of whether he is hit? Second, if it is dead on the slide, is there a penalty for hitting the QB after the slide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-06T07:26:16.410" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T22:26:28.603" Title="When a QB slides, is it considered a dead ball?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|quarterback|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1593" CreationDate="2012-09-21T20:06:23.950" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First, is the play dead after a QB slides, regardless of whether he is hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the QB slides feet-first, then yes, the play is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Second, if it is dead on the slide, is there a penalty for hitting the QB after the slide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not if the defender has &quot;committed himself, and the contact is unavoidable.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 7, Section 2&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/10_2012_BallInPlay_DeadBall_Scrimm.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; describe a &quot;Dead Ball.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 1&lt;/strong&gt; describes when an official shall declare the ball dead. Letter &lt;strong&gt;(d)&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a runner declares himself down by sliding feet first on the&#xA;  ground. The ball is dead the instant the runner touches the ground&#xA;  with anything other than his hands or his feet;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, a note states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Defenders are required to treat a sliding runner as they would a&#xA;  runner who is down by contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A defender must pull up when a runner begins a feet-first slide. This does not mean that all contact by a defender is illegal. If a defender has already committed himself, and &#xA;  the contact is unavoidable, it is not a foul unless the defender commits some other act, such as helmet-to-helmet contact or by driving his forearm or shoulder into the head or neck are of the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-21T20:11:32.290" LastActivityDate="2012-09-21T20:11:32.290" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1596" CreationDate="2012-09-21T21:05:01.957" Score="16" ViewCount="153699" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under what conditions can a run be scored on a play that results in a 3rd out for the team?  I was under the impression that if a 3rd out happens, all runs that might have scored before time during that at-bat are invalid, but apparently there is more to it than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="497" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-06T20:13:41.300" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T05:50:13.860" Title="Does a run count if it's made on the same play as the 3rd out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1595" CreationDate="2012-09-21T21:24:42.697" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the 3rd out is the result of a force-out (example: bases loaded, batter hits to the third baseman, third baseman steps on third base before runner reaches), then the run from third base will not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the 3rd out is the result of gunning for extra bases (example: bases loaded, batter hits past third baseman, batter reaches first and goes for second, left fielder throws to second baseman who tags out the batter before he reaches 2nd base), then any run scored (given the runner has reached home before the batter was tagged out) will count as the batter reached first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the 3rd out is the result of tagging up (example: runner on 1st and 3rd, batter hits sacrifice fly, outfielder catches the ball for the out, runner on 3rd reaches home, runner on 1st goes for 2nd but gets tagged out), then the run from 3rd base will count because the out at 2nd was not a force-out only if the runner from 3rd base touches home plate before the out at 2nd is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 4.09 of MLB's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2012/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; of 2012 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.09 HOW A TEAM SCORES.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home base&#xA;before three men are put out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(2) by any runner being forced out; or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T05:50:13.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1610" CreationDate="2012-09-22T09:08:50.093" Score="7" ViewCount="8518" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read a tourney report where they talked about a game that ended with 'universe point'. I don't exactly know what that is however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what exactly is 'universe point', and when/how is it played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="677" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:07:28.527" LastActivityDate="2023-10-16T11:31:08.590" Title="In Ultimate Frisbee, what is 'universe point'?" Tags="|terminology|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-22T18:17:38.357" Score="15" ViewCount="13932" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right arm spinners are either off spinners or leg spinners. But left arm spinners are refered to as chinaman and orthodox. They are never refered to as off spinners or leg spinners. Why are left arm spinners called differently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T23:14:14.190" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T19:34:10.557" Title="Why are left arm spinners called differently?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="762" CreationDate="2012-09-22T23:23:18.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally, an extreme example of a single player's loss might be the New England Patriot's QB Drew Bledsoe, who was out for the season starting the second week of 2001.  Tom Brady, then in his second year (drafted in 2000, round 6), took over as quarterback.  The Patriots went on to go 11-5 and win the Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the negative impact of a single player's loss might be none at all.  Healthy teams compensate for losses of single players and entire positions on a regular basis.  It's part of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2012-09-22T23:23:18.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-23T00:46:51.927" Score="15" ViewCount="122391" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Indian Premier League, the players are auctioned to the different teams and their salaries depends on the auction amount. But who pays them, does the IPL administration pay them or do the team owners pay them? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are paid by the team owners, can the owners decide to increase or decrease their salaries later?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-05-29T03:52:05.000" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T17:14:53.767" Title="How are IPL players paid?" Tags="|cricket|finances|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1605" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-23T01:31:25.000" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-23T01:31:25.000" LastActivityDate="2012-09-23T01:31:25.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1606" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-23T01:31:25.000" Score="0" Body="Questions related to Indian Premier League (IPL) in the sport of cricket." OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T17:51:33.150" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T17:51:33.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1607" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1608" CreationDate="2012-09-23T05:27:00.733" Score="-2" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any body knows in the racing when 2 drivers fighting with each other which penalties we should give them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="809" LastActivityDate="2012-09-23T10:55:29.173" Title="Penalty for Fight in Kart racing rule" Tags="|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-09-24T14:52:07.340" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1607" CreationDate="2012-09-23T10:55:29.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We just used to disqualify them both in that race and send 'em home. There's no need for that sort of behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in F1 you'll see they have taken steps ranging from fines and disqualification for that race through to bans and grid penalties for the next race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-09-23T10:55:29.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1601" CreationDate="2012-09-24T04:24:18.530" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why are left arm spinners called differently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To appropriately describe how the ball is bowled (right-handed or left-handed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For right-arm bowlers, off spinners spin from off to leg and leg spinners spin from leg to off in right-handed batsmen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For left-arm bowlers, &quot;off spinners&quot; spin from off to leg and &quot;leg spinners&quot; spin from leg to off only for left-handed batsmen, which is opposite of what is stated above. The left-arm orthodox is a type of finger leg-spin but is referred to as an off spin to a left-handed batsman as it turns the ball into him while the left-arm chinaman is a type of wrist off spin but is referred to as a leg spin as it turns away from a left-handed batsman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gc1ix.gif&quot; alt=&quot;left-arm orthodox spin&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Left-arm off spinners are known as &quot;left-arm orthodox.&quot; It spins from off to leg to a left-handed batsman, is bowled left-armed, and uses a finger leg spin spin technique. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/igmfB.gif&quot; alt=&quot;leg spin&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;A leg spinner also spins from leg to off, but is bowled right-armed and uses a wrist leg spin technique. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, calling a spinner by how it &lt;strong&gt;spins&lt;/strong&gt; only describes such. It does not describe how it was &lt;strong&gt;bowled&lt;/strong&gt; (the bowler's handedness).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-04-05T15:56:28.007" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T15:56:28.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1599" CreationDate="2012-09-24T19:19:21.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Universe Point is Ultimate's version of sudden death. When this is in effect, the team that scores a point, wins the match. This is usually put into effect when...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no score/tie game after 40 minutes. &lt;em&gt;Most schools/leagues have 40 minute long games. See explanation below.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The game is being played in the &amp;quot;Game to goals&amp;quot; fashion and the score is tied at one goal less than the game total &lt;em&gt;(The game total is the pre-determined number of goals required to win the game. In a &amp;quot;game to 15,&amp;quot; the game total is 15).&lt;/em&gt; This method is made clear in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190401012804/http://www.usaultimate.org/resources/officiating/rules/11th_edition_rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Ultimate Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to 40 minutes of playing time or ANY length of game debate, it depends on which league and which school you are playing for. Most league's game is 40 minutes in length (two 20 minute halves). Here are some links to other school rule books that state the same 40 minute game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20150920171253/http://www.fau.edu/campusrec/imsports/rules_folder/FAU_Ultimate_Frisbee.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Florida Atlantic University&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20151009092850/http://www.angelo.edu/dept/university_recreation/documents/sports_rules/Ultimate%20Frisbee%20Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Angelo State University&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-10-16T11:31:08.590" LastActivityDate="2023-10-16T11:31:08.590" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-09-24T21:12:46.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a maximum of 6 fielders on either side of the wicket for one day cricket, but no restrictions (other than no more than 2 behind square leg) in test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="812" LastActivityDate="2012-09-24T21:12:46.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1612" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1613" CreationDate="2012-09-24T22:03:17.503" Score="12" ViewCount="7309" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently debating this with a friend, who argued that a goal does not stand if it goes through the net. I could not find an answer anywhere in the FIFA, FA or UEFA guidelines on the rules of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a goal still stand if the ball goes through the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="526" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T12:36:33.857" Title="Is it a goal if the ball goes through the net?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2012-09-25T04:58:42.187" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's a goal. And in fact, the two assistant referees are charged with checking if the net is in correct shape before the start of each period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The net is only there to help the referee see a goal, but it is a goal even if the ball goes through it, or doesn't touch it, or if the ball rebounds off the net and returns to the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/goal-scored&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 1 - The Field of Play: 10. Goals&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,&#xA;  between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no offence&#xA;  or infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed by the team&#xA;  scoring the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match: 1. Goals Scored&lt;/a&gt; the only reference to the net, reads: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal,&#xA;  provided that they are properly supported and do not interfere with&#xA;  the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It says may be, so I suspect it might not be mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T12:36:33.857" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T12:36:33.857" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1615" CreationDate="2012-09-25T09:19:26.540" Score="7" ViewCount="1834" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to run/administer a table tennis ladder in the department and have been reading a bit on different ladder systems. I have read the suggestions on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1441/scoring-in-a-table-tennis-league&quot;&gt;a relevant question&lt;/a&gt; but, with all due respect, I can't say I am happy with either answer. I feel like swapping is too extreme where as ELO would be too convoluted for this level, not to mention too much of a pain for me to keep tabs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came across &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.union.rpi.edu/rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ladder rules from a casual table tennis club&lt;/a&gt; and decided to modify them a bit. Came up with the following concept, but I am not sure if it is fair. Any help is warmly welcome at this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proposed rules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All players start with 100 points (due to no prior ranking of players)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matches are played as challenges, thus can occur asynch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are three possible cases for the matches with regards to winner (W) and loser (L)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If (W) has 50% or more points than (L) --&gt; (W) gets 20p and (L) gets 10p. &lt;strong&gt;Example scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Player A has 200p and wins over Player B who has 100p. New points would be 220p for A and 110 for B. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If (W) has 50% or less points than (L) --&gt; (W) gets delta/2 points, whereas (L) &lt;em&gt;loses&lt;/em&gt; delta/2 points [delta = point diff between players prior to the match] &lt;strong&gt;Example scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Player A has 100p and wins over Player B who has 200p. New points would be 150p for A and 150 for B. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If (W) and (L) are within 50% in points to one another --&gt; (W) gets 30p and (L) gets 10p. &lt;strong&gt;Example scenario1:&lt;/strong&gt; Player A has 100p and wins over Player B who has 80p. New points would be 130p for A and 90 for B. &lt;strong&gt;Example scenario2:&lt;/strong&gt; Player B wins over Player A (with the same points as Ex1), then new points would be 110p for A and 110p for B.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea here is to give incitement for playing more games, so losing to a better player is not all that bad. I have made up the numbers a bit &lt;em&gt;ad-hoc&lt;/em&gt; though so I am not sure if it would be fair in the long run.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edit1: example scenarios given for three cases.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T05:51:12.003" Title="Is this custom table tennis ladder fair?" Tags="|table-tennis|tournaments|ranking|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1614" CreationDate="2012-09-25T14:18:54.857" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since this is your custom tournament and the participants are your friends, you can afford to experiment with the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestion would be to start off with this, and whenever you find it biased in some way, just make a few rules changes and proceed.  Without having a trial run, you will not be able to find out the drawbacks, and you may also find that the frequency of participation will require you to change the values of the system to give everyone a fair chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that I would like to point out is that you will need additional rules to accommodate a participant who joins the tournament after it had started.  With that in place, give this system a run and see how it goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T14:18:54.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1616" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1617" CreationDate="2012-09-25T14:30:21.307" Score="14" ViewCount="37240" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was learning to play football in the backyard as a child, my family would always say &quot;Oskie&quot; after the quarterback threw an interception. I always thought that it was just some sort of family tradition until I started playing organized football and everyone on defense was trained to say &quot;Oskie&quot; after an interception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In more formal versions of the game this word is yelled so that everyone on defense knows that there has been and interception and will turn around and start blocking someone for the interception return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an article that discusses the use of the word that says that the term originated with General Bob Neyland at Tennessee. But sadly, the referenced link is dead so I'm not sure about the validity of the article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the word &quot;Oskie&quot; used instead of a more typical term like &quot;Pick&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T09:57:08.307" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T09:57:08.307" Title="Why do football players say &quot;Oskie&quot; after an interception?" Tags="|american-football|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1616" CreationDate="2012-09-25T15:51:37.943" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a interception takes place, the player who intercepted the ball screams &quot;oskie&quot; to make his teammates aware that an interception has taken place. As a result, the team turns around and blocks for the player who intercepted the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The Seven Game Maxims&quot; originated during the 1930s and &quot;pick&quot; may have not been a common term. &quot;Interception&quot; doesn't roll off the tongue as well as &quot;oksie.&quot;  As Neyland was a general in the Army, the term &quot;oskie&quot; may have also originated from his time in active duty that he carried into coaching football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beginning in the 1930s, General &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Neyland&quot;&gt;Robert Neyland&lt;/a&gt; had his team, the Tennessee Volunteers, recite what is known today as &quot;the Seven Maxims of Football.&quot; or &quot;the Seven Game Maxims.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The team that makes the fewest mistakes will win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Play for and make the breaks and when one comes your way - SCORE.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If at first the game - or the breaks - go against you, don't let up... put on more steam.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Protect our kickers, our QB, our lead and our ball game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ball, &lt;strong&gt;oskie&lt;/strong&gt;, cover, block, cut and slice, pursue and gang tackle... for this is the WINNING EDGE.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Press the kicking game. Here is where the breaks are made.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Carry the fight to our opponent and keep it there for 60 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T15:51:37.943" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1618" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1619" CreationDate="2012-09-25T16:34:52.427" Score="9" ViewCount="922" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-cant-miss-plays/0ap2000000066000/Hail-Mary-for-Hawks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;call at the end of the 2012 Green Bay/Seattle game&lt;/a&gt; in which a play which appeared to result in an interception was ruled a touchdown.  The controversy surrounding the referee lockout adds to the confusion, and because of how chaotic the catch was, it's hard to understand what actually happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By what rule was this play ruled a touchdown?  Is there compelling evidence that, by rule, the play should have been an interception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="33" LastEditDate="2015-01-20T02:56:13.150" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T02:56:13.150" Title="By what rule was the Fail Mary pass in the 2012 Packers/Seahawks game a touchdown?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1618" CreationDate="2012-09-25T17:17:45.353" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000066164/article/nfl-supports-decision-to-not-overturn-seahawks-touchdown?module=HP11_breaking_news&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official statement&lt;/a&gt; was just released. The article points out a few rule clarifications. First, about gaining possession of the football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 3 of the NFL Rule Book defines a catch:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A forward pass is complete (by the offense) or intercepted (by the defense) if a player, who is inbounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) secures control of the ball in his hands or arms prior to the ball touching the ground; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) touches the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) maintains control of the ball long enough, after (a) and (b) have been fulfilled, to enable him to perform any act common to the game (i.e., maintaining control long enough to pitch it, pass it, advance with it, or avoid or ward off an opponent, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player (or players) is going to the ground in the attempt to catch a pass, Rule 8, Section 1, Article 3, Item 1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player Going to the Ground. If a player goes to the ground in the act of catching a pass (with or without contact by an opponent), he must maintain control of the ball throughout the process of contacting the ground, whether in the field of play or the end zone. If he loses control of the ball, and the ball touches the ground before he regains control, the pass is incomplete. If he regains control prior to the ball touching the ground, the pass is complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next they present the rule for simultaneous catches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 3, Item 5 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simultaneous Catch. If a pass is caught simultaneously by two eligible opponents, and both players retain it, the ball belongs to the passers. It is not a simultaneous catch if a player gains control first and an opponent subsequently gains joint control. If the ball is muffed after simultaneous touching by two such players, all the players of the passing team become eligible to catch the loose ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the argument here is that Jennings didn't have possession of the ball when his feet hit the ground, Tate did. So regardless of who grabbed the ball at the peak of the jump, the officials ruled a simultaneous catch when they hit the ground, resulting in a touchdown since ties go to the passers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to note a few other things about the statement. First, they acknowledged Tate should have been called for pass interference when he shoved Sam Shields. Second, the video review did not show enough evidence to overturn the touchdown ruling. This would indicate that had the official who called for a touchback was the one the referee listened to, then it would have remained an interception rather than a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL.com just put out an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000066172/article/nfl-admits-game-should-have-ended-on-tate-penalty?module=HP11_headline_stack&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; discussing the statement by the NFL on the play. The author mentions that the NFL doesn't overtly say the officials made the right call and there wasn't sufficient evidence to overturn the initial ruling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The statement goes out of its way to say that Golden Tate should have been called for a pass interference. It does not say that officials were in error by ruling Tate and Jennings came down together with the ball. It also does not say it was the correct call. There was not indisputable evidence to overturn the call, according to the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading between the lines, the league seems to be indicating the officials may have made an error in judgement, but the judgement wasn't grievous enough to be overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T18:23:56.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1599" CreationDate="2012-09-25T21:29:07.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;universe point&quot; applies to any situation in which the winner of the current point wins the game. This could be because of a time cap (soft or hard), or just because the score is tied at one less than the score that the game is being played to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team that is losing to an opponent that is 1 point away from the game-winning score may also use the term &quot;universe point&quot; the describe the situation their team (but not the opposing team) is in. In these cases, the members of the losing team might tell each other that it is &quot;universe point&quot; for several points in a row, in order to frame the importance of each play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T21:29:07.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1604" CreationDate="2012-09-26T12:33:09.320" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each player has to sign a contract with BCCI. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IPL has two type of contracts – under &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt;, called the firm agreement, the player will get a fixed sum from BCCI and the difference between the bid amount and the fixed fee will be earned by BCCI, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand the &lt;strong&gt;second&lt;/strong&gt;, called the basic agreement, gives a player freedom to take home the amount he has been bid for. The average amount of money each player will take home is whopping Rs 80 lakhs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPL also makes it mandatory for a franchise to spend at least $3.3 million annually for player fees and give $100 as per day per player daily allowance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International players will be immediately released to attend their international matches if they clash with IPL whereas for domestic boards, which rely heavily on the players, will have to give way to IPL as players need to decide where they want to play, and a player who gets Rs 80 lakhs for 45 days will not leave IPL anyhow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, it will be a loss to domestic boards but a great opportunity for youngsters who don’t get chance to perform in national and international leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="815" LastEditorUserId="784" LastEditDate="2012-10-01T15:02:02.070" LastActivityDate="2012-10-01T15:02:02.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1624" CreationDate="2012-09-26T14:26:19.223" Score="21" ViewCount="1308" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of the controversial Green Bay Packers/Seattle Seahawks game on Monday night, the Seahawks were awarded a touchdown as time expired that gave them a 13-12 point lead. In the ensuing confusion of the referee's decision, the Green Bay Packers left the field. Eventually, the referees had the Seahawks and the Packers come back and line up for the (meaningless) extra point play, and then the game was over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did the Green Bay Packers have to defend that? It seems like the Seahawks could have run that play without the defense if the referees set the ball down and started the play clock. Is there a minimum number of defensive players that have to be on the field for a play to be run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastEditorUserId="14671" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T05:54:16.877" LastActivityDate="2020-10-19T21:08:34.760" Title="Does the defense have to defend the extra point?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1623" CreationDate="2012-09-26T14:39:39.920" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the NFL rulebook, Rule 5, Section 1, Article 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game is played by two teams of 11 players each. If a snap, free kick, or fair-catch kick is made while a team has fewer than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone, the ball is in play, and there is no penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from a technical standpoint, the Packers did not have to field any players, as they would not have received a penalty for not having 11 players on the field. They may have been hit with an Unsportsmanlike Conduct penalty, although since the game was over, it wouldn't have meant much. Rule 5, Section 2, Article 11 (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Using entering substitutions, legally returning players, substitutions on sidelines, &lt;strong&gt;or withdrawn players to confuse opponents&lt;/strong&gt;, or lingering players leaving the field when being replaced by a substitute, is unsportsmanlike conduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I doubt that fielding no players because of frustration would qualify as confusing opponents. Bringing the team back to defend the extra point was about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000066314/article/mike-mccarthy-scene-in-seattle-was-total-chaos?module=HP11_headline_stack&amp;amp;module=HP11_hot_topics&quot;&gt;Mike McCarthy's integrity&lt;/a&gt;. He wanted to stay professional despite miscommunications at the end of the game. McCarthy later stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We're in tune with staying true to the integrity of the Green Bay Packers. How we conduct ourselves, being professional during a tough time, during a challenge, a different challenge, but I'm excited about overcoming it. I look at this as an opportunity to put another feather in our cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-09-26T14:47:40.580" LastActivityDate="2012-09-26T14:47:40.580" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1626" CreationDate="2012-09-26T18:36:29.200" Score="6" ViewCount="4495" Body="&lt;p&gt;For last year's postseason (and this year's regular season), the NFL adopted a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81d817d7/article/postseason-overtime-rules&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;new sudden death format&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following approved ruling for a safety on an opening possession states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.R. 16.19 SAFETY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third-and-5 on A7. On the opening possession of overtime, A1 is tackled in his own end zone for a safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ruling:&lt;/strong&gt; Game over. Team B wins. &lt;em&gt;Both teams have met the minimum requirements for possession.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How has both teams met the minimum requirements for possession in this case?&lt;/strong&gt; If Team B records a safety, then (given they kicked the ball off to Team A to start overtime) they do not technically ever have possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possession:&lt;/strong&gt; Actual possession of the ball with complete control. The defense gains possession when it catches, intercepts, or recovers&#xA;a loose ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T06:37:04.503" Title="Safety during overtime's first possesion" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1625" CreationDate="2012-09-26T18:56:47.363" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule regarding safeties in overtime is actually explicitly laid out in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/19_2012_Overtime_Procedures.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;overtime rules&lt;/a&gt; (Rule 16, Section 1, Article 3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Both teams must have the opportunity to possess the ball once during the extra period, unless the team that receives the opening kickoff scores a touchdown on its initial possession, in which case it is the winner, or if the team kicking off to start the overtime period scores a safety on the receiving team's initial possession, in which case the team that kicked off is the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T15:21:28.073" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T15:21:28.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1625" CreationDate="2012-09-26T19:05:52.317" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, a kickoff is considered an opportunity of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="818" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T15:19:29.183" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T15:19:29.183" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1625" CreationDate="2012-09-26T19:51:12.347" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A safety ends the game based on simple logic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the team scoring on a safety gains possession of the ball following it. Possession is unnecessary in this case because as soon as the ball is kicked off the requirements for both teams to possess the ball has been fulfilled and the team currently in possession is ahead (so no need to attempt to tie/win).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-09-26T19:51:12.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1629" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-27T09:25:00.520" Score="7" ViewCount="2326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a game in the English Premier League during which no goals were scored and no cards were shown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="820" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-11T11:53:01.617" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T11:53:01.617" Title="Has there been an &quot;eventless&quot; English Premier League game?" Tags="|football|history|trivia|tournaments|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1629" CreationDate="2012-09-27T12:06:22.553" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the BBC list of match reports for this. Arsenal v. Sunderland was one such example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19221271&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19221271&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="144" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T12:06:22.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1631" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:16:09.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the questions with this tag if they are relating to small, specific facts regarding a player, team, or game that are not common knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The network consensus states that sports trivia should be allowed on the following conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;They allow for a factual answer (does not have to have a single answer, but it should be facts based)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;They go beyond general reference. If you can get a great answer within a click or two of a Google search it probably isn't a great&#xA;  fit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/23/should-we-allow-sports-trivia&quot;&gt;&quot;Should we allow sports trivia?&quot;&lt;/a&gt; on meta for further information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions should also be tagged with the sport referenced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T14:06:28.310" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:06:28.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1632" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:16:09.733" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to small, specific facts regarding a player, team, or game that are not common knowledge and can be answered with fact-based answers. Questions should also be tagged with the sport referenced." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T14:06:28.310" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:06:28.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1633" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:55:13.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Road racing is generally defined as a form of racing for which the primary raceway is a hard, paved surface, often called a &amp;quot;track&amp;quot; if the surface and venue are designed solely for this type of event. This is opposed to &amp;quot;off-road&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;dirt track&amp;quot; racing where the surface is loose dirt, or &amp;quot;cross-country&amp;quot; racing where the competitors travel across natural terrain for long distances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than marathon running, which typically takes place on paved streets, and road bicycling, featuring several well-known races including the Tour du France, most road racing involves motor vehicles. Well known motor racing associations include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NASCAR&lt;/strong&gt;, the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing, which sponsors a series of races primarily on oval tracks for teams of professional drivers and maintenance crews using purpose-built closed-wheel cars. The primary championship series is the Sprint Cup Series, formerly the Winston Cup, with the Nationwide Series also held as a &amp;quot;minor league&amp;quot; series with reduced-horsepower cars, attracting junior racers looking to enter the Sprint Cup. NASCAR is the most popular spectator motor sport in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IRL&lt;/strong&gt;, or the Indy Racing League, currently the primary North American open-wheel racing league. This league sponsors well-known races throughout the US and Canada, including oval-track races like the Indy 500 and circuit-track races on proving ground circuits like Laguna Seca and street courses like in Toronto. Drivers often use this league as a stepping stone to or from NASCAR or Formula 1 racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIA&lt;/strong&gt;, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, which is the primary governing body for international motor racing classes. The FIA oversees the top international open-wheel racing class, Formula 1, as well as Formula Two, GT1, GT3, rally and touring car championships, and numerous smaller events such as hill-climbing, drag racing and autocross. Formula 1 is the most popular spectator motorsport in most of Europe and South America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IMSA&lt;/strong&gt;, the International Motor Sports Association, a competing association to the FIA, overseeing several closed-wheel classes including the American Le Mans Series, two GT3 classes, and several smaller classes using manufacturer-specific car designs, including Formula V and Formula Ford.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NHRA&lt;/strong&gt;, the National Hot Rod Association, which is loosely affiliated with the FIA and oversees most classes of straight-line drag racing in the United States and Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:31:49.010" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:31:49.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1634" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:55:13.420" Score="0" Body="For questions generally about motor racing that takes place on a paved hard surface, as opposed to off-road racing. For questions about the class of bicycle racing, see 'road-biking'. For running races on city streets, see 'marathon'." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T19:57:03.420" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T19:57:03.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1635" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:59:08.580" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T19:59:08.580" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T19:59:08.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1636" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T19:59:08.580" Score="0" Body="Questions generally related to maintaining proper hydration during demanding physical activities such as sports, particularly endurance sports." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:08:01.923" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:08:01.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1637" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:22:57.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disc golf is a sport derived from the parent club-and-ball game of golf. The basic idea is the same; starting at an initial teeing ground, place the flying disc into a series of targets along the course in as few throws as possible. The game has the obvious change from its parent sport in the use of flying discs instead of clubs and a golf ball; the equipment needed is thus more compact, and is safer to use in the presence of non-participants. As such, municipal parks often feature disc golf holes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A series of discs can be used and interchanged as necessary to complete a course. These discs are typically heavier than a general purpose flying disc, as it is not intended to be caught by another person. Discs are generally divided into three categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Driver: an edge-weighted, long-distance disc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All-purpose: a sharp-edged disk designed for accurate flight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Putters: closest to general-purpose discs, these fly stably and slowly and are used for high-accuracy throws close to the target&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:56:40.060" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:56:40.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1638" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:22:57.533" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the sport of disc golf or &quot;Frisbee golf&quot; (Frisbee is a registered trademark of Wham-O)." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:27:37.240" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:27:37.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1639" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:24:14.713" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:24:14.713" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:24:14.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1640" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:24:14.713" Score="0" Body="For questions relating to the origin of a particular sport, or a rule or tradition within that sport. Questions should additionally be tagged with the relevant sport." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:27:53.657" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:27:53.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1641" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:27:42.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most sports, a coach is a senior supervisory role, generally responsible for the player selection, training and general strategic decisions of a sports team. Franchises in major-league and collegiate sports often have several coaches, with one &quot;head coach&quot; managing several &quot;assistant coaches&quot; and various specialized coaches overseeing the players in a particular field position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The head coach is typically the &quot;general manager&quot; of the team. He is hired by the team's owners (in a professional franchise) or board of administrators (in interscholastic sports), and is responsible for all major decisions involving the recruiting and releasing of players, active roster composition, training regimen and schedule, basic team strategy including the playbook, and in some sports calling plays from the sideline. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He can delegate some or all of these responsibilities to his assistants where available; depending on the sport, a head coach may have offensive and defensive specialist coaches, and even training coaches focusing on one specific aspect or player position in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T22:32:13.007" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T22:32:13.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1642" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:27:42.990" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the general responsibilities of team's or player's coaches, such as strategy decisions, player development, team makeup, etc. Questions should be tagged with the specific sport referenced." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:28:05.690" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:28:05.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1643" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1644" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:29:19.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1645" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:31:34.850" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:31:34.850" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:31:34.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1646" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:31:34.850" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to sports played at the intra-collegiate or inter-collegiate level, including sports sanctioned and overseen by the NCAA, and co-recreational activities sponsored by a college for the enjoyment of students." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:47:06.783" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:47:06.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1647" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:43:57.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curling is a winter sport in a similar category as shuffleboard and bocce, but with certain peculiarities. It is played on a frozen ice surface, traditionally a lake, more commonly an artificial ice rink in modern times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is played by teams of three players (sometimes with substitutes); one &amp;quot;curler&amp;quot;, and two &amp;quot;sweepers&amp;quot;. The curler stands at the end of a long alley of ice with a heavy polished granite stone, shaped in a rough flattened sphere with a handle on top. He approaches the lane with the stone and casts it onto the ice. Variations in how the stone is cast can affect its path, as can the actions of the two sweepers, who move along the sides of the lane with push brooms that they sweep along the ice in front of the stone as it moves down the lane. This clears, smoothes and slightly melts the ice due to the friction of the brooms, which in turn reduces the friction between the stone and the ice. The force with which the stone is cast, and the effects of the sweepers, determine where the stone comes to rest; the objective is a series of concentric circles, within which the team tries to get the stone to stop. The closer to the center, the higher the score. Teams can choose to play defensively by blocking paths to the center of the target (or blocking well-placed stones with others), or offensively by knocking opposing stones out of the circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curling is typically played by adults, although children and teens can enjoy the sport as well. It is currently played by international teams at the Winter Olympics every four years, and at various national and international meets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;curling&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T15:49:40.687" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T15:49:40.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1648" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:43:57.623" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the winter sport of curling." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:51:40.350" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:51:40.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1649" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:45:12.823" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:45:12.823" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:45:12.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1650" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:45:12.823" Score="0" Body="For questions about the piece of sporting/gaming equipment known generally as a &quot;flying disc&quot;, and also known by the trademarked brand name &quot;Frisbee&quot;." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:46:42.273" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:46:42.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1651" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1652" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:46:33.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1653" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:49:29.290" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:49:29.290" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:49:29.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1654" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-09-27T20:49:29.290" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to actions or strategies that provide a player or team with a comparative advantage in violation of the rules of the game or sport, especially the use of performance-enhancing drugs, illegal equipment, or illegal payments of money, and actions intended to conceal these practices." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T20:52:05.327" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T20:52:05.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="754" CreationDate="2012-09-28T11:24:36.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman attempt another run before the final ball is bowled (once bowler has commenced his run up), cross, and the other batsman gets run out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman who is on 99 is now on strike and hits a single off the one remaining delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="812" LastEditorUserId="812" LastEditDate="2012-10-04T00:04:50.513" LastActivityDate="2012-10-04T00:04:50.513" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="742" CreationDate="2012-09-28T11:34:48.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batting side scores the higher of, 6, or, the runs they have run, including the run in progress when lost ball is called if they have crossed. Law 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-lost-ball,46,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-lost-ball,46,AR.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="812" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T11:34:48.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1659" CreationDate="2012-09-28T16:15:27.683" Score="32" ViewCount="75212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several years ago I was playing in an adult basketball league and a player took a bad shot that entered through the bottom of the hoop, hit the backboard and re-entered the hoop.  The referee counted the bucket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last week at an open gym had the same thing happen, so I'm curious about the official rule at various levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen a few things online, the most prevalent is that it is a dead ball just as if it went out of bounds (belongs to the team who didn't touch it last).  However, there is nobody justifying this with a rule.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the official scoring rules read I could argue that it is a basket since they only state that it must enter from above the rim. In this case, it eventually does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="821" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-09-28T18:51:35.447" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:51:17.090" Title="If the basketball goes through bottom of rim and re-enters, is it a basket?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="692" CreationDate="2012-09-28T16:19:48.970" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can dribble as high as you want to dribble as long as your hand stays on top of the basketball.  If your hand ends up on the bottom of the basketball it is a carry and the opposing team is awarded the basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="821" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T16:19:48.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1657" CreationDate="2012-09-28T16:30:33.913" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct in your &quot;most prevalent&quot; observation. A ball that enters the basket from below is whistled dead and a change of possession occurs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA and FIBA see it as a violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is addressed for the FIBA in its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2012/OfficialBasketballRules2012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book&lt;/a&gt; under &quot;THE GAME&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;Rule 1, Article 16, 2.4&lt;/strong&gt; (certain emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE ONE – THE GAME&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Art. 16 Goal: When made and its value&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16.2.4 If a player causes the entire ball to pass through the basket from below, it &#xA;  is a violation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIBA's definition and handling of violations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE FIVE - VIOLATIONS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Art. 22 Violations&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;22.1 Definition - A violation is an infraction of the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;22.2 Penalty - &lt;strong&gt;The ball shall be awarded to the opponents&lt;/strong&gt; for a throw-in at the place nearest to the infraction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is addressed for the NCAA in its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR13.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book&lt;/a&gt; under &quot;VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;Rule 9, Section 6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE 9 - VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Section 6. Travel, Kick, Fist, Through Basket from Below&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A player shall not&lt;/strong&gt; travel or run with the ball, intentionally kick it, strike it &#xA;  with the fist or &lt;strong&gt;cause it to pass through the basket and enter the cylinder from &#xA;  below.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is addressed for the NBA in its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/.element/mp3/2.0/sect/podcastmp3/PDF/2011-12-NBA-RULE-BOOK.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book&lt;/a&gt; under &quot;PUTTING BALL IN PLAY - LIVE/DEAD BALL&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;Rule 6, Section I, e(2).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE NO. 6—PUTTING BALL IN PLAY — LIVE/DEAD BALL&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Section I—Start of Games/Periods and Others&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e. On the following infractions, &lt;strong&gt;the ball&#xA;  shall be awarded to the opposing team&lt;/strong&gt; out-of-bounds on the nearest&#xA;  sideline at the free throw line extended: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Three-seconds (offensive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;h2&gt;(2) Ball entering basket from below&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Illegal assist in scoring &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Offensive screen set out-of-bounds &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Punching foul &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) Free throw violation by the offensive team &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) Flagrant foul-penalty (1) or (2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(8) Defensive three-seconds (offensive team retains possession)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(9) Jump ball violation at free throw circle &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(10) Ball passing directly behind backboard &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(11) Offensive basket interference &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(12) Ball hitting horizontal basket support &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(13) Loose ball fouls which occur inside the free throw line extended &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(14) Five second back-to-the-basket violation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T16:51:17.090" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:51:17.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1660" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1661" CreationDate="2012-09-28T19:19:38.957" Score="8" ViewCount="974" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the NCAA will switch from the current Bowl Game system for Division 1 football to a four-team playoff format wherein the top 4 teams will compete for the championship. Will the current Bowl Games (e.g: Rose Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Capitol One Bowl) still be played when this format change happens or will they disappear? It seems like if they disappear, only four teams would be competing at the end of the season, rather than the multitude of games that currently take place in the Bowl Game format. If it is the case that the Bowl Games no longer exist, are they also being replaced with another system to allow more teams opportunities for post-season play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-09-28T19:52:57.810" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T19:52:57.810" Title="What will happen to the current Bowl games when the playoff system commences?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1660" CreationDate="2012-09-28T19:38:12.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2012-06-30/answers-about-footballs-new-playoff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA&lt;/a&gt; states that the National Championship game will become the &quot;Super Bowl&quot; of college football...meaning any city can bid to host.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two bowls will rotate among six in existence to host the playoff semifinals. The other four bowls who will not host a playoff semifinal in a given year will be host to bowl games among the best non-playoff teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Will the current Bowl Games (e.g: Rose Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Capitol One Bowl) still be played when this format change happens or will they disappear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, current bowl games will still be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where will the games be played?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The two semifinals will rotate among&#xA;  six sites. The current BCS games are the Rose Bowl (Pasadena, Calif.),&#xA;  Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), Fiesta Bowl (Glendale, Ariz.) and Orange&#xA;  Bowl (Miami). The Cotton Bowl, now played at the state-of-the-art&#xA;  Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, has to be considered a&#xA;  front-runner to land one of the other two spots. Candidates for the&#xA;  other one? Try Atlanta and Jacksonville, Fla.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The championship game will become college football’s Super Bowl. Any&#xA;  city can bid on it, even ones that host the semifinals and those that&#xA;  have not been traditional bowl sites. Expect most to be played in dome&#xA;  stadiums or warm-weather sites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T19:38:12.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1286" CreationDate="2012-09-30T11:30:56.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played table tennis professionally at college level and I never bothered about these stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These stats do not follow a common standard. I assume that they are put up by the manufacturer as a simple indication of whether the rubber/blade is more suited for the players style of play (offensive/defensive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professionally, players do not a buy a single racket and use it like they do in tennis.  they buy the blade and rubbers separately and match them to suit their style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fully assembled rackets are usually used by amateurs and semi-professional players.  So, to clear your confusion over the price and performance of a racket, it really doesn't matter.  If you are going to buy a racket, I would suggest you to try it before you buy it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T11:30:56.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1714" CreationDate="2012-10-01T06:16:51.727" Score="11" ViewCount="2529" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed in the T20 World Cup 2012, that India, Pakistan, Australia and South Africa were placed in the same group for the Super8 stage. All these teams have won all the league matches in the group stages. I have heard that the grouping for the Super8 stage is done by a method called 'seedings'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is it?&#xA;What is the need of it?&#xA;Please explain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T11:47:51.603" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T11:47:51.603" Title="What is seedings in grouping the teams in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|tournaments|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1664" CreationDate="2012-10-01T12:54:06.767" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ten of the teams in the ICC Twenty20 Cricket World Cup are &quot;seeded&quot; teams. They are the 10 governing bodies of the ICC and known as &quot;test teams&quot; and they are automatic entries into the ICC T20 Cricket World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These 10 teams are split up by the ICC into four groups. Within each group, the teams are ranked (&lt;strong&gt;seeded&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;according to the previous season's performance.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams are seeded based on the following stats (again, from the previous season), listed in order of priority...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If points are equal, number of wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If wins are equal, net run rate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If net run rate is equal, bowling strike rate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If bowling strike rate is equal, the head-to-head match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.ndtv.com/icc-world-twenty20/about/item/196661-world-t20-2012-format-of-the-tournament&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2012-10-01T12:54:06.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2012-10-01T16:44:14.403" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize your question isn't about ice hockey, but there is one advantage in the rules that the home team gets in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The home team gets &quot;last change&quot;. This means that, on a faceoff, for instance, when both teams are changing, the visiting team has to make their line change before the home team does. This gives the home team the ability to tailor their players or pick a specific line to match whoever the visiting team has sent out. This tends to be something like putting out your top defensive pairing if the other team sends out their first line, or putting out your first line if the other team sends out their fourth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some coaches rely heavily on line-matching and it is much easier to do when you have &quot;home ice advantage&quot; due to the first change rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26496&quot;&gt;More Information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;82.1 Line Change - Following the stoppage of play, the visiting team shall promptly place a line-up on the ice ready for play and no substitution shall be made from that time until play has been resumed. The home team may then make any desired substitution, except in cases following an icing, which does not result in the delay of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="784" LastActivityDate="2012-10-01T16:44:14.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1668" CreationDate="2012-10-02T09:13:58.800" Score="14" ViewCount="24108" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I watch others play squash (in-real-life or on youtube) I never see them serve what I refer to as over-the-head, much like the serves in tennis. I wonder if there is a reason for that. Is it so that the particular style of serving is not allowed, or just not desirable for some reason? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally find that I generate much more power on the serve if I go for an overhead serve and think that it could be useful in some occasions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:22:36.610" LastActivityDate="2021-08-26T22:29:25.837" Title="Are overhead (tennis-like) serves allowed in squash?" Tags="|rules|squash|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1667" CreationDate="2012-10-02T11:55:20.147" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answer: &lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The serve, in squash is called an Hard Serve or Power Serve. But not many experienced players do it for the sole purpose that you are leaving yourself in a bad position for the return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O8UrX.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the picture above, You will see that you (obviously) need to bring your racket up in the air and then follow through with your swing, pushing your racket down. This does create a fast serve which makes it difficult for a novice player to return. But if you're playing an experienced player who knows how to return a fast paced ball, that player will most likely return the ball before you can recover from your &quot;overhand&quot; swing follow through. This is why most people serve underhand so that their racket will be in position when the opponent returns the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up pros and cons...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;PROS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are playing a novice player, this is a great serve because of the pace (speed) of the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is good to use this serve if your opponent getting used to you using a normal underhand server.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CONS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any experienced player will be able to return this serve and most likely beat you because you have not recovered from the long follow through that this serve requires.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-10-02T12:03:46.037" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T12:03:46.037" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1669" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-10-02T15:35:15.980" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-10-02T15:35:15.980" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T15:35:15.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1670" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-10-02T15:35:15.980" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the T20 (twenty twenty) format of cricket." OwnerUserId="745" LastEditorUserId="745" LastEditDate="2012-10-02T15:41:43.403" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T15:41:43.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1675" CreationDate="2012-10-02T16:58:00.717" Score="6" ViewCount="4490" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know if there's a technical term for the rope/method which climbers / mountaineers use to tie themselves together (i.e. climbers tie in, then if one falls the others self-arrest to prevent being pulled off / stop the faller from falling further than the rope allows).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="830" LastActivityDate="2022-02-15T15:15:01.027" Title="Name of the Rope used to Tie Climbers Together" Tags="|equipment|technique|terminology|climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1672" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-02T17:43:27.000" Score="17" ViewCount="2184" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original Olympics, in Greece, were male-only insofar as the participants, per my research. Modern Olympics, obviously, have men's and women's competitions. However, given that most Western nations (whose cultural norms drive the Olympics) didn't view women as competent until well into the 20th century, I'm curious: &lt;strong&gt;which Olympic sport was the first to have a female counterpart?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, &lt;strong&gt;which was the first co-ed Olympics and which sports featured a women's division?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:30:27.797" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T11:47:02.043" Title="Which Olympic sport was the first to have a women's counterpart?" Tags="|history|olympics|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1672" CreationDate="2012-10-02T17:53:00.410" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Women first appeared in the modern Olympics in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquet_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croquet&lt;/a&gt; at the 1900 Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;22 women competed in this the second modern Olympics in the sports of Croquet, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;equestrian&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golf&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sailing&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hélène de Pourtalès (Sailing), Charlotte Cooper (Tennis, one in singles and one in mixed doubles) and Margaret Ives Abbot (golf) won the first gold medals as female participants in these Olympics. As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1674/6&quot;&gt;Ed&lt;/a&gt; mentions golf and tennis were the only competitions where women competed separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While lacking in a great deal of detail &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has a graph of the percentage of total participants that were female by year for the Summer Olympics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sFpR2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T18:08:21.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1672" CreationDate="2012-10-02T17:53:11.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1900, the second modern Olympic games, 22 women competed in 5 events: tennis, sailing, croquet, equestrian, and golf.  Furthermore, only golf and tennis had exclusive events for women only. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Women_in_Olympic_Movement.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T17:53:11.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1671" CreationDate="2012-10-02T19:37:16.847" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment#Rope.2C_cord_and_webbing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; about rock-climbing gear that answers this (a search for mountaineering gear also leads to the link). The important part is here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ropes used for climbing can be divided into two classes: dynamic ropes and low elongation ropes (sometimes called &quot;static&quot; ropes). Dynamic ropes are designed to absorb the energy of a falling climber, and are usually used as Belaying ropes. When a climber falls, the rope stretches, reducing the maximum force experienced by the climber, their belayer, and equipment. Low elongation ropes stretch much less, and are usually used in anchoring systems. They are also used for abseiling (rappeling) and as fixed ropes climbed with ascenders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also provides a link to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope#Rock_climbing_ropes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia entry on rope&lt;/a&gt;, with a specific section on rock-climbing ropes, which basically says the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all of this, along with a plethora of other sites, I cannot find a technical name for rope used in mountaineering or rock-climbing, although it appears sometimes &quot;belaying rope&quot; is used. The closest I have found are dynamic and static ropes. To reiterate, dynamic ropes are more elastic and exert less force on a falling climber; static ropes are used in anchoring systems because they have much less stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The method for anchoring a climber is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;belaying&lt;/a&gt;, which is a technique to limit the distance a climber may fall by having a partner anchor them with a rope. Wikipedia says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Belaying refers to a variety of techniques used in climbing to exert friction on a climbing rope so that a falling climber does not fall very far. A climbing partner typically applies the friction at the other end of the rope whenever the climber is not moving, removing the friction from the rope whenever the climber needs more rope in order to be able to continue climbing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a technique where multiple climbers are tethered together in less steep climbs, the method is a combination of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-arrest&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;self-arrest&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse_rescue&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;crevasse rescue&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams of two to five climbers tie into a rope equally spaced. If a climber begins to fall the other members of the team perform a self-arrest to stop the fall. The other members of the team enact a crevasse rescue to pull the fallen climber from the crevasse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2012-10-02T19:37:16.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1678" CreationDate="2012-10-03T12:02:53.843" Score="4" ViewCount="2211" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possible Duplicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1010/what-actions-are-taken-by-fifa-uefa-against-whats-known-as-filming-or-diving&quot;&gt;What actions are taken by FIFA/UEFA against what&amp;#39;s known as filming or diving&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I think of European soccer I think of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LC-H2wXK4T4&amp;amp;feature=related&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;diving&lt;/a&gt;. Is there any punishment for diving/embellishment in Soccer (football)? Either a card, fine, or suspension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming from a hockey background, I know if you &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bK2EJhuHsl0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dive&lt;/a&gt; in hockey and the refs catch you, you can receive a two minute penalty for rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26356&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;64.1&lt;/a&gt; Diving / Embellishment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you haven't watched the first link I posted, please do. It's pretty pathetic... haha.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T14:12:53.737" Title="Is there a punishment for diving in Soccer?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-10-03T14:23:01.557" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1677" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1680" CreationDate="2012-10-03T12:27:19.873" Score="5" ViewCount="10787" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do certain soccer balls have different panel patterns on them? Is there controversy between each style? Which leagues and or tournaments use each style? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, see the pictures below...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;32 panel or Telstar&quot; - 12 Pentagons and 20 Hexagons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F3qf3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Teamgeist Soccer Ball&quot; - 14 curved panels&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wZkUS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Jabulani Soccer Ball&quot; - 8 three-dimensional panels&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/icUEN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2015-09-08T19:44:46.813" Title="Why do soccer balls have different panel patterns on them?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1676" CreationDate="2012-10-03T14:11:29.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.. if the Player try to take advantage of it, it usually penalized with a yellow card. Usually there is no foul involved, so the flow of the game goes on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is considered unsportman behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T14:11:29.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1677" CreationDate="2012-10-03T15:20:38.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why do certain soccer balls have different panel patterns on them?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As technology advances, a soccer ball that holds its shape, provides true flight, and reduces air resistance is typically preferred. Many different designs (including those pictured above) strive to achieve such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1950 World Cup Soccer Ball.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4r84Q.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1950 World Cup Soccer Ball&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer balls during that era were made of irregular, large, &lt;em&gt;flat&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;simple&lt;/em&gt; panels. This affected its ability to hold its shape. Soccer balls today utilize more &lt;em&gt;curved&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;complex&lt;/em&gt; panels. A mathematical look on the topology of soccer balls can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/csci1950-h/soccerball_topology.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there controversy between each style?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Teamgeist&quot; soccer ball pictured above was used in the 2006 World Cup. Brazil, winners of the 2002 World Cup, had a tough time getting used to the ball. The main criticisms were that the ball was too light, favored ball-strikers over goal keepers, curved a lot in the air, and performed differently in rain. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sptimes.com/2006/06/02/Sports/Champs__New_ball_fall.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Teamgeist&quot; (Team Spirit) balls will produce unprecedented&#xA;  performances. -adidas, manufacturer of Teamgeist soccer balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I still haven't been able to find the best way to strike this ball.&#xA;  It's very light, the way they are doing it is completely different&#xA;  from before. It seems like it's made of plastic.&quot; -Roberto Carlos, defender for Brazil&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It gains a lot of velocity when it's raining.&quot; -Rogerio Ceni, goalkeeper for Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Jabulani&quot; soccer ball pictured above was used in the 2010 World Cup. The criticisms were similar to the &quot;Teamgeist.&quot; However, it's ball flight in air was unpredictable. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;js=n&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;layout=2&amp;amp;eotf=1&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fgloboesporte.globo.com%2Ffutebol%2Fselecao-brasileira%2Fnoticia%2F2010%2F05%2Fluis-fabiano-ataca-jabulani-bola-da-copa-ela-e-sobrenatural.html&amp;amp;act=url&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; A &quot;knuckle-ball&quot; effect had also been reported. NASA did a study on said report. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nasa.gov/topics/nasalife/features/soccer_ball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which leagues and or tournaments use each style?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2006 World Cup - &quot;Teamgeist&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2010 World Cup - &quot;Jabulani&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA covers guidelines soccer balls must adhere to in their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame/law/newsid=1290439.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 2, The Ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qualities and measurements&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Spherical&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Made of leather or other suitable material&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less than 68 cm (27 ins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Of a pressure equal to 0.6 - 1.1 atmosphere (600 - 1,100 g/cm2) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in - 15.6 lbs/sq in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T15:20:38.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1686" CreationDate="2012-10-03T16:31:44.613" Score="6" ViewCount="44041" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do composite basketballs offer over leather basketballs?&lt;/strong&gt; I notice the designs are slightly different, and composite basketballs would not have to be broken in and can maintain itself better than leather basketballs during a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2006, the NBA &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/blackbox_060628.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;introduced&lt;/a&gt; a new composite (synthetic) basketball for use during the 2006-2007 NBA Season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VZgTZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Composite Basketball&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Midway through the 2006-2007 season, leather basketballs were reintroduced. Players were suffering from cuts on their hands due to composite basketballs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RlZCb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Leather Basketball&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-12-07T06:35:32.513" Title="What do composite basketballs offer over leather basketballs?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1683" CreationDate="2012-10-03T18:58:36.237" Score="13" ViewCount="43437" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that jersey numbers in NCAA basketball are confined between 0-5 &lt;sub&gt;(for both digits)&lt;/sub&gt;. There seem to be no jerseys with numbers between 6-9 &lt;sub&gt;(for both digits)&lt;/sub&gt;. I can imagine &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1568/has-the-practice-of-retiring-numbers-ever-become-a-problem&quot;&gt;the practice of retiring numbers becoming a problem&lt;/a&gt; if this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do NCAA basketball jerseys only use numbers that are 0-5, 10-15, 20-25, 30-35, 40-45, 50-55, or am I wrong? Is there a rule that defines such? If so, why was this rule implemented?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T14:38:05.103" Title="Jersey numbers in NCAA basketball" Tags="|rules|equipment|basketball|collegiate|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1682" CreationDate="2012-10-03T19:01:06.347" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a rule about this. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_%28sports%29#Basketball&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;American basketball leagues at all levels traditionally use single and double digits between 0 and 5 (i.e. 0, 00, 1–5, 10–15, 20–25, 30–35, 40–45, and 50–55). The NCAA and most amateur competitions mandate that only these numbers be used. This eases non-verbal communication between referees, who use fingers to denote a player's number, and the official scorer. In college basketball, single-digit players' numbers are officially recorded as having a leading zero. Teams can have either a &quot;0&quot; or &quot;00&quot;, but they cannot have both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, it eases the communication between the refs and the scorers; since you only have five fingers per hand, refs can only denote numbers one through five non-verbally. After a foul, if you watch the ref you'll notice that they show the scorers which player it was by showing their jersey number with their hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usabasketball.com/rules/rules.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; at the bottom of the grid. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR13.pdf&quot;&gt;NCAA pdf on basketball rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 3, Article 5.b.2 the useable numbers are shown (this is on page 41 in the link):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following numbers are legal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 00, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,&#xA;  15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55. Team rosters can include 0 or 00, but not&#xA;  both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-10-03T19:22:16.317" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T19:22:16.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2012-10-03T21:34:38.157" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a bunch of &quot;Unwritten Rules&quot; for example you don't steal when you have a large lead, don't put your bat on the plate after a walk, a runner shouldn't run over the pitching mound when going back to their dug out after an out.  These are generally silly ideas and almost a type of etiquette.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="833" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T21:34:38.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1681" CreationDate="2012-10-04T13:08:30.660" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;One reason is cost. When you're having to produce so many basketballs, finding a cheaper way to do it would make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/list_7643864_different-types-basketballs.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;eHow article&lt;/a&gt; on basketballs (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Balls that are 100 percent genuine leather are the best ones available and are used in the NBA and WNBA. Leather balls develop a broken-in feel after repeated use. This type of leather basketball should only be used on indoor courts. &lt;strong&gt;It is also the most expensive type of ball to purchase because it is made of genuine leather.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthetic or composite leather is an artificial type of material that feels like leather but is cheaper to produce.&lt;/strong&gt; The materials are also more versatile and can be used both indoors and outdoors. Synthetic leather doesn't need to be broken in as it already has that softer feeling to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_%28ball%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Balls are generally designated for indoor (generally made of leather or absorbent composites), or all-surface use (generally made of rubber or durable composites, also known as Indoor/Outdoor balls). &lt;strong&gt;Indoor balls tend to be considerably more expensive than all-surface balls due to cost of materials&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Through these clips, we can also see that composite balls are more durable, especially for outdoor use, which really shouldn't matter in the NBA. Their longevity compared to leather balls would also help reduce costs since replacements wouldn't be needed as frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason is quality. Straight from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/blackbox_060628.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA.com&lt;/a&gt; in 2006:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The material is a microfiber composite with moisture management that provides superior grip and feel throughout the course of a game. Additionally, the new composite material eliminates the need for a break-in period, which is necessary for the current leather ball, and achieves consistency from ball to ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players disagreed with the first point made here, causing the league to revert back to leather balls. With how hard NBA players pass and shoot, it is possible that the &quot;superior grip and feel&quot; translated to a rougher ball that caused small cuts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The consistency between balls without breaking them in is an improvement that theoretically would provide a more level playing field for teams. Having better consistency would reduce the number of variables that could impact game outcomes. This seems minor and relatively silly, but the league wants to ensure the only variables between games is how well a team plays; any reduction in variability outside of team skill would try to be controlled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2012-10-04T13:08:30.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2012-10-05T16:27:58.530" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's an attempt to layout the history of the position, and the time periods in which it changed. All of this information can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football_positions&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, although it's buried with all of the history of every other position as well. This question requires a good understanding of nomenclature, and I would encourage you to read the entire article in the link, especially the sections labelled &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football_positions#Age_of_confusion&quot;&gt;&quot;Age of Confusion&quot;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football_positions#Making_sense_of_it_all&quot;&gt;&quot;Making Sense of it All.&quot;&lt;/a&gt; As the article states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The trend away from geometric naming of the offensive positions has led to considerable confusion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here are the bullet points that help identify the evolution of the fullback position. The origin of the fullback was in 19th century rugby. Originally these positions were named &quot;tends,&quot; but the evolution of the game created some new positions with new names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As the game became more sophisticated, backs positioned at different depths (i.e. distances behind the forwards) were further differentiated into half back, three quarters (the fraction 3/4) back, and full back... It was the Irish nomenclature of quarter back, half back, and full back that came to North America for use in what was to become the dominant native form of football. The terms became hyphenated and eventually unhyphenated single words, &quot;quarterback&quot; (QB), &quot;halfback&quot; (HB), and &quot;fullback&quot; (FB).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the early days of American football (around the beginning of the 20th century), the role of the fullback was altered. Instead of the position just indicating a position behind the line of scrimmage, it began to also identify the role and physical nature of the position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Over time, the typically fast back who played fullback, on offense and defense, was replaced by a heavier one who presented a greater threat to run with the ball more or less straight ahead, and to tackle his opponent trying to do the same. For this purpose, the player tended to be placed closer to the line than previously—often as far forward as the halfbacks (the offensive backs then forming a letter T, sometimes called a &quot;straight T&quot;, later to distinguish it from slight variants wherein other backs did not form a line perpendicular to that from the quarterback) or even farther forward. But the position kept being called &quot;fullback&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1960s, many non-professional teams lost the distinction between a halfback and fullback. The NFL maintained the nomenclature of halfback and fullback:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...the distinction between fullback and halfback was erased, each replaced by &quot;running back&quot; (RB). That term became popular during the 1960s as well, although even into the 1970s, some playing the pro set kept the HB-FB distinction... The distinction referred to the build of the players, the fullback being a stronger runner more or less straight ahead, and the halfback faster to attack the defense's flanks. However, on many teams there was no strong distinction between those backs, and since their major role was running with the ball, &quot;running back&quot; was most descriptive without maintaining a spurious geometric connotation that'd become outmoded by their lining up in different depth relationships. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This trend has continued on. The present day explanation of fullbacks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[T]o this day many teams maintain the offense's fullback-halfback distinction... [S]ome formations have placed the heavy back even more starkly forward, to function as a blocker for the running backs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a number of current NFL teams that do not have a full-time fullback in their starting lineup. The three with no fullback listed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New England Patriots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indianapolis Colts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Detroit Lions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The four that have a hybrid fullback:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kansas City Chiefs (Peyton Hillis is listed as a RB/FB)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Denver Broncos (Chris Gronkowski is listed as FB/TE)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chicago Bears (Evan Rodriguez is listed as a FB/TE)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seattle Seahawks (Michael Robinson listed as RB/FB)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some instances, teams will line up a defensive lineman as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullback_%28American_football%29&quot;&gt;fullback&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In selected plays, some teams will have a defensive lineman report as an eligible receiver to line up as a fullback. Examples of such players who have been frequently used as situational fullbacks include Haloti Ngata, Vince Wilfork, and Isaac Sopoaga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-10-05T16:56:31.943" LastActivityDate="2012-10-05T16:56:31.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1704" CreationDate="2012-10-06T04:19:14.590" Score="6" ViewCount="775" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2012 NL Wild Card game between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves, a fly ball was hit by Atlanta. St. Louis let the ball drop due to miscommunication, but an umpire called &quot;infield fly rule.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;The ball clearly lands deep in the outfield, near the red circle below.&lt;/sub&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lSxAl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Infield Fly&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the umpires have grounds to call &quot;infield fly rule&quot; when a fly ball will clearly land that deep in the outfield? What are the rules regarding the &quot;infield fly rule?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Interesting post by the MLB (now removed)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E3jtz.png&quot; alt=&quot;MLB Twitter&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-08T00:19:58.543" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T13:45:50.380" Title="Infield Fly Rule" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1689" CreationDate="2012-10-06T12:58:31.727" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, here's is what a comment in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2012/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot;&gt;official rules (pdf)&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On the infield fly rule the umpire is to rule whether the ball could&#xA;  ordinarily have been handled by an infielder—not by some arbitrary&#xA;  limitation such as the grass, or the base lines. The umpire must rule&#xA;  also that a ball is an infield fly, even if handled by an outfielder,&#xA;  if, in the umpire’s judgment, the ball could have been as easily&#xA;  handled by an infielder. The infield fly is in no sense to be&#xA;  considered an appeal play. The umpire’s judgment must govern, and the&#xA;  decision should be made immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I've never seen a hit like this declared an infield fly, any shortstop would've caught this ball without much effort under normal circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:  Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/video/play.jsp?content_id=7322413&amp;amp;query=&amp;amp;game_pk=263854&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of another infield fly that is similar.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;EDIT AGAIN:  This analysis from &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/harold-reynolds-had-good-explanation-why-infield-fly-154426000--mlb.html&quot;&gt;Harold Reynolds&lt;/a&gt;, with other examples, states why it was the correct call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="152" LastEditDate="2012-10-06T19:54:22.837" LastActivityDate="2012-10-06T19:54:22.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1693" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-06T16:40:10.487" Score="8" ViewCount="1231" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the instance where a player may have handled the ball and the REFEREE waves play on after protest from the opposing team, the linesman DID NOT raise his flag, so the play continued where the team of which the player who may have handled the ball scored. The REFEREE allowed the goal, after the goal was scored and celebrated the opposing team protested and prevented play from being restarted (by removing the ball from the centre circle) and argued with the referee until he consulted with the same linesman WHO DID NOT RAISE HIS FLAG, apparently the linesman said it was a handball.....so the referee called back play and disallowed the goal...now can someone please enlighten me if this is possible when consulting FIFA's rule book (LAW 5)..thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="839" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T12:58:19.147" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T12:58:19.147" Title="Referee Changes Decision" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1693" CreationDate="2012-10-07T00:20:51.077" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The very end of Law 5, &quot;Decisions of the Referee&quot;, covers this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee or the fourth official, provided that he has not restarted play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match was obviously not terminated, and the kickoff had not yet occurred, so the referee may change his decision according to the Laws. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A personal theory: If the referee waved on play, it would be understandable if the assistant referee didn't wave for a foul (as his flag would most likely just be waved down). The most likely scenario that I can think of is that the assistant referee had a better angle on the incident than the referee did, and decided that (instead of loudly yelling at the referee to stop play, because the flag would not be sufficient) he would just clear it up at the next stoppage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastActivityDate="2012-10-07T00:20:51.077" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-08T09:19:18.977" Score="10" ViewCount="11640" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player playing as a right hand batsman for a few overs switch to his left hand for rest of his innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a player bowling spin for 2 or 3 balls in a over switch to being a fast bowler in the same over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the general rules about this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;EDIT:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given two answers are about switch hitting. I apologize for not providing clear informations. Let me explain clearly. Consider a batsman, for example Dhoni comes to crease and faced two or three deliveries and after that can he face the next delivery as a Left handed batsman. He is a right handed batsman by profile. My question is, &lt;strong&gt;is it possible for a batsman or bowler to change is playing style i.e.,right to left or left to right during the match?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T09:53:02.113" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T17:13:03.657" Title="Is it possible to change playing styles in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1693" CreationDate="2012-10-08T11:07:40.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion if the linesman saw the handball he should have raised his flag and held his position. But he did not and continued with the play and so did the referee. Is it even remotely possible for the referee to allow the goal by blowing his whistle and pointing to the centre circle, position the ball in the centre and just because the opposing team protested and refused to restart the game even though they too continued with the play, the referee was coerced into consulting with the linesman who didn't even raise his flag, who now comes to say it was a handball and the referee now decides to overturn a decision from a play which occurred approx 3 mins earlier.........&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="840" LastActivityDate="2012-10-08T11:07:40.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1695" CreationDate="2012-10-08T16:15:03.537" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman can change his stance whenever he likes. See Pieterson's switch hitting and the discussion on ESPN here - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2t3ja3sZ5M&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2t3ja3sZ5M&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of bowling, I believe that you are not able to swap the sides of the wicket you bowl from or which hand you bowl from without first informing the batsman. Theres no reason you can't change the style from medium to spin, I've seen people do this when having a bad over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="843" LastActivityDate="2012-10-08T16:15:03.537" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1689" CreationDate="2012-10-08T17:45:56.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MeDZx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MeDZx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;a skydome&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballpilgrimages.com/american/skydome.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseballpilgrimages.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never seen a infield fly called that deep before.  I've noticed a lot of Turfed baseball stadiums have a white line just beyond the base path.  I was always under the impression that this was the cut off for an infield fly.  The rule stats that &amp;quot;ordinarily have been handled by an infielder&amp;quot; arguments could be made that this wasn't an ordinary play for the SS.  Also  &amp;quot;decision should be made immediately.&amp;quot; which it wasn't.  The argument that he didn't know until that moment makes me feel that it should not have been called at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="833" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T13:45:50.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1700" CreationDate="2012-10-08T19:22:33.427" Score="7" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there record of the first female soccer team in the US? Which state was the first to adopt women's soccer and when?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="844" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-10T15:59:12.637" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T15:59:12.637" Title="Where and when was the first women's soccer team introduced in the USA?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1699" CreationDate="2012-10-08T20:03:40.740" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first organized female soccer league in the US was founded in 1951 by a priest in North St. Louis, Missouri. This league, known as the Craig Club Girls Soccer League, had four teams that played for two seasons. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/womensoverview.html&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/351270-the-history-of-womens-high-school-soccer/&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first female soccer college varsity team in the US was founded in the mid-1960s at Castleton State College in Castleton, VT. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/womensoverview.html&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-10-08T20:03:40.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1695" CreationDate="2012-10-09T05:17:58.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As indicated in jimmithy's answer, batsmen have far greater leeway in the rules than bowlers. Exactly what batsmen can and cannot do is a controversial point at present, but 'switch hitting' is currently legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bowlers must inform the Umpire, who in turn informs the batsmen of what side of the wicket they will bowl from and from which hand when they begin their spell. They need to inform the Umpire, who informs the batsmen, if they want to change it, but can do so as often as they like. That is all though, the style of bowling need not be declared, just the side of the wicket and hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andrew Symonds, a former Australian cricketer, bowled both offspin and medium pace. Admittedly he was rubbish at both, but at least we was equally skilled in both styles. It was not uncommon for him to bowl spin to one batsmen and medium pace to another in the same over in order to take advantage of the perceived strengths and weakness of the two batsmen against the two styles of bowling. He did not need to inform the Umpire that he was changing styles each ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2015-03-19T20:25:11.457" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T20:25:11.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1703" CreationDate="2012-10-09T16:15:03.860" Score="17" ViewCount="26648" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL lists the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot;&gt;Tiebreaking Procedures&lt;/a&gt; to break ties within a division:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of victory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net points in common games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net points in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net touchdowns in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coin toss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is &quot;strength of victory&quot; determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="547" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-09T14:23:17.783" LastActivityDate="2023-12-18T19:44:43.770" Title="What is &quot;Strength of Victory&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|ranking|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1702" CreationDate="2012-10-09T16:29:51.330" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boston.com/sports/football/patriots/extra_points/2012/01/looking_at_stre.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from Boston.com, strength of victory is the composite record of the teams that the team in question has defeated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using strength of schedule (the composite record of all opponents) and&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;strength of victory (the composite record of teams defeated)&lt;/strong&gt;, New England was in the middle of the pack among the 12 teams that made the&#xA;playoffs in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About.com has a similar &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.about.com/cs/football101/g/gl_strengthofvi.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;definition&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Definition&lt;/strong&gt;: A part of the NFL's tiebreaking proceedure, strength of&#xA;victory is figured by calculating the combined winning percentage of&#xA;the opponents a team has beaten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples&lt;/strong&gt;: If two teams end with&#xA;identical records, combine the records of the opponents in each of the&#xA;team's wins and calculate the total winning percentage. The team whose&#xA;opponents have the higher winning percentage wins the tiebreaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if team A has two victories (one with a 8-8 record and another with a 0-16 record), its strength of victory is 0.333. If team B has also two wins (over opponents that are 8-8 and 12-4), then its strength of victory is 0.625.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-12-18T19:44:43.770" LastActivityDate="2023-12-18T19:44:43.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1689" CreationDate="2012-10-09T17:24:37.663" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's entirely up to the umpire's discretion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An INFIELD FLY is a fair fly ball (not including a line drive nor an&#xA;  attempted bunt) &lt;strong&gt;which can be caught by an infielder with ordinary&#xA;  effort, when first and second, or first, second and third bases are&#xA;  occupied, before two are out.&lt;/strong&gt; The pitcher, catcher and any outfielder&#xA;  who stations himself in the infield on the play shall be considered&#xA;  infielders for the purpose of this rule. When it seems apparent that a&#xA;  batted ball will be an Infield Fly, the umpire shall immediately&#xA;  declare &quot;Infield Fly&quot; for the benefit of the runners. If the ball is&#xA;  near the baselines, the umpire shall declare &quot;Infield Fly, if Fair.&quot;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;The ball is alive and runners may advance at the risk of the ball&#xA;  being caught, or retouch and advance after the ball is touched, the&#xA;  same as on any fly ball.&lt;/strong&gt; If the hit becomes a foul ball, it is treated&#xA;  the same as any foul. If a declared Infield Fly is allowed to fall&#xA;  untouched to the ground, and bounces foul before passing first or&#xA;  third base, it is a foul ball. If a declared Infield Fly falls&#xA;  untouched to the ground outside the baseline, and bounces fair before&#xA;  passing first or third base, it is an Infield Fly. -- &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&quot;&gt;MLB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What constitutes &lt;em&gt;ordinary effort&lt;/em&gt;? How do you define that as anything but an arbitrary judgement for the umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of the infield fly rule is to protect runners from a forced double play if a infielder purposefully drops an easy pop-up. This is why the rule is written so loosely and is generally left up to the umpire to define as to what &quot;&lt;em&gt;can be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, any ball hit high enough could be an infield fly even if it goes as far as the warning track. However, in this case, the umpire simply made a bad call. Balls that fly that deep are rarely called an infield fly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="792" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T17:24:37.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2012-10-09T19:03:16.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to Hennish's list, don't bunt when you have a large lead. Bunting is a strategy to gain advantage. When you clearly have an advantage is gives a bad impression. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="848" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T19:03:16.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="587" CreationDate="2012-10-10T13:48:05.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd sum this one up as it's an advantage if it saves you time, and it's a disadvantage if it doesn't:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're uncomfortable and it rides up or leaves you constantly adjusting the fabric, then it's going to affect your times on the bike and the run even if it saves you time getting changed in the transition.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are comfortable in it, then you don't have to waste time changing clothes in transition and you're probably wearing a well fitting suit that will result in less drag so you'll be a bit faster. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="850" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T13:48:05.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1005" CreationDate="2012-10-10T23:40:59.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I used to swim there was also a place judge and ties were decided by him. In track during the sprints each lane has more than one timer if electronic timing isn't used. For distance events there are usually two timers timing everyone. If there is a tie the head judge decides. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="851" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T23:40:59.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1712" CreationDate="2012-10-11T05:15:38.400" Score="8" ViewCount="7816" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that ICC rankings for all forms of cricket are given based on points and rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are these points and rating given?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that for each and every match, teams and players get some points and rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any chance of getting negative points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:45:59.140" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T15:45:59.140" Title="On what basis players and teams are ranked by ICC?" Tags="|cricket|icc|ranking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1709" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-10-11T05:23:42.463" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-10-11T05:23:42.463" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T05:23:42.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1710" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-10-11T05:23:42.463" Score="0" Body="Questions about ICC (International Cricket Council), the international governing body of cricket." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-10-11T20:00:23.453" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T20:00:23.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1708" CreationDate="2012-10-11T22:35:56.893" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ratings system used by the ICC to rate countries is a modified (simplified) form of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system&quot;&gt;Elo&lt;/a&gt; rating systems. The basic idea behind these type of systems is that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A win always increases your rating&#xA;A lose always decreases your rating&#xA;The amount the rating changes by depends on the rating of the two teams before the match&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a low rated team beats a high rated team, the rating will change by more than if two very closely rated teams play. You can never get a negative rating, since what happens in the calculation is that there are ratings points and the number of games in the ratings period. The actual rating is the points divided by number of games. You can only earn ratings points, so if you lose every game you just have zero points. However, if you get earn no points from a game your rating will decrease since the ratings points stays the same but the number of games increases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full details of the ICC rating system is given in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Test_Championship&quot;&gt;on wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. An important aspect is that more recent matches are given a greater weighting than more distant games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally, the idea was that all teams must play every other team within a time window (I think it was 5 years) and only the most recent series against each opponent would count and be weighted equally. This was abandoned in favour of the above mentioned weighting of recent games because the cricket boards didn't want to be locked in rigidly to completing all the series that this would require. Basically teams like India, Australia, England and South Africa want to be playing each other much more often because that generates more revenue than playing against smaller countries like New Zealand or the West Indies. Particularly, everyone wants to play India as much as possible because that is where most of the money in world cricket flows from. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ICC maintains separate ratings tables for Test Cricket, One Day cricket and T20 cricket. There are not the same number of teams in each table, since there are fewer Test playing nations than ODI and T20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2012-10-11T22:43:56.337" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T22:43:56.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2012-10-11T23:09:09.047" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a game I played in primary school that we call 'Rob the Nest'. This is the only thing I can think of that satisfies all the criteria&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;It is team game&#xA;Multiple teams (usually 4) play simultaneously and there can be only 1 winner&#xA;Players need to react to the actions of the opposing players&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a 'race', it is a game like football etc where the goal isn't measured by some objective criteria, but by outperforming your opponent in attempting to complete certain actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of the game (as I remember them) go like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A hoop is placed in the centre of a square field and a number of small balls (e.g. tennis balls) are placed inside it. Four hoops are then placed at four corners of the field. Players are divided into 4 teams and begin the game standing behind their teams assigned hoop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aim of the game is to get a certain number of the balls into your hoop. The game is started with a whistle and players run to the centre to pick up balls and return them to their teams hoop. Only one ball can be carried at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players are allowed to go to other teams hoops to steal balls from them (hence the name of the game). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't remember how many balls there where, probably around the same number as there are players. I also can't remember how many balls you had to have in your hoop at a given instant be win. Probably around 1/3 of the total number of balls or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is very dynamic as you have to keep an eye on all 4 'nests' to make sure no one is building up too many balls (or 'eggs'). To win you needed to stay under the radar and accumulate eggs in a short space of time before anyone noticed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Googling around I see variations of this game in which players holding a ball can be 'tagged' forcing them to drop it. I don't remember playing with that rule, but there are probably many variants given that this is mainly a game used to burn off the excess energy of small children so that they will be docile enough to recite their times tables afterwards, rather than being an organised sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T23:09:09.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1664" CreationDate="2012-10-12T16:46:08.353" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The seedings are based on the rankings of the each of the participating nation at the cut off point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The seeding is done so that teams entering the next round (irrespective of where they finish) know which venue they will be headed to. The main reason this was done was for the fans. Now the fans, especially the ones that come from a foreign nation, can choose their itinerary well in advance and they do not need to wait for results of other matches or where their team end up in the preliminary group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-10-12T16:46:08.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="548" CreationDate="2012-10-12T17:48:43.500" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might seem a stupid question, but are you breathing out when your head is underwater? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most swimmers that I see struggling to catch their breath are holding their breath when their head is in the water, and then trying to both breathe out &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; in when they turn their head above water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's not enough time to do both in crawl and they inevitably struggle to catch their breath, as you've got to breathe out before you can breathe in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="850" LastActivityDate="2012-10-12T17:48:43.500" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1729" CreationDate="2012-10-12T18:44:59.090" Score="7" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario&lt;/strong&gt; - Final ball of the match and 2 runs are required to win. A fast bowler is bowling to a batsman who is standing one yard outside the popping crease.&#xA;Bowler bowls a yorker which crushes the toes of the batsman, who gets injured and cannot run. He, though somehow keeps his bat in the crease, thereby eliminating a run-out opportunity. The ball, after crushing the toe goes to fine leg. In the meantime, the non striker runs to the strikers end, completes the run, turns back and safely returns to the non strikers end before the ball is thrown back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question&lt;/strong&gt; - What is the result of the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has the bowling team won?&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; Though the non striker has reached the strikers end and gone back, the batsman hasnt made any effort to take a run. This is considered as a no run and the bowling team is declared winners.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the game a tie?&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; The non striker has completed two runs whereas the striker has just gone back to the strikers end. The strikers effort is considered as a one-run-short and the two runs that non-striker has run is reduced to a single. This scenario, ties the scores and the match ends in a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are aware of the ICC rules or the possible outcome of the game, please explain with reasons. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:59:05.857" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T12:59:05.857" Title="Result of the game?" Tags="|rules|icc|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="903" CreationDate="2012-10-12T19:06:12.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule for all indoor stadiums having roofs are that if the roof is closed and the ball hits the roof, then it is considered a dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hussey &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkcP5M2n-F0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hits the roof&lt;/a&gt;  with a monstrous shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-10-12T19:06:12.193" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1759" CreationDate="2012-10-12T19:15:44.680" Score="5" ViewCount="450" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having swum mainly front crawl for the past few years, I've recently started cross training and working on my other strokes, including butterfly. What's the best way to practise and  improve undulation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've already tried using the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swimming.org/swimfit/beginning-butterfly-for-competitive/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;British Gas Swimfit&lt;/a&gt; site videos. They were really useful for breast and backstroke  but I just cant get the hang of it from the Fly instructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="850" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T17:22:16.207" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T22:24:57.497" Title="What's the most effective way to practise undulation for swimming Butterfly?" Tags="|technique|swimming|butterfly|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-01-27T11:33:58.940" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1720" CreationDate="2012-10-12T21:54:54.990" Score="3" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;This year all 4 Division Series Games have gone the distance has that ever happened before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="833" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-03-13T18:28:50.733" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T18:28:50.733" Title="Has the MLB Division Series Ever had all 4 Series go 5 games prior to 2012?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1719" CreationDate="2012-10-13T01:15:02.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope.  2012 is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.wsj.com/dailyfix/2012/10/12/2012-mlb-playoffs-game-5-nlds-alds/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first time&lt;/a&gt; since this format was introduced in 1995 that all series have gone the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-12T20:21:01.573" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T20:21:01.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1726" CreationDate="2012-10-13T05:45:31.493" Score="5" ViewCount="1243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've constantly heard a protest being called by the manager of team (baseball, football, etc) who felt that there was an unfair ruling. Yet, after each of these games, the protest never goes through. Why is there a protest option in place, if it never works, or has it ever worked because in my lifetime, I've never seen it work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastActivityDate="2012-10-16T21:38:17.787" Title="Has a protest during a game ever worked?" Tags="|football|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1725" CreationDate="2012-10-13T05:53:05.620" Score="13" ViewCount="21673" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to dismiss both batsmen off the same delivery (i.e., by a catch and a run out)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball touched the lower end of the bat, edged up and touched the bat again, will it be given out? This is assuming that the batsman does not intend to hit it twice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the bat on the other side of the bat, does it count as a dismissal?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8xgeB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-07-11T05:05:40.960" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T22:50:31.247" Title="Two dismissals off a single ball" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1723" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-10-13T05:59:35.317" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-10-13T05:59:35.317" LastActivityDate="2012-10-13T05:59:35.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1724" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-10-13T05:59:35.317" Score="0" Body="Questions about the cricket term,wicket which is one of the two sets of three, stumps and two bails at either end of the pitch." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2012-10-13T07:08:22.103" LastActivityDate="2012-10-13T07:08:22.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1722" CreationDate="2012-10-13T06:25:17.103" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it possible to dismiss both the batsmen in ground(ie,by a catch and a run out)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. It is not possible to dismiss both batsmen on the same delivery. Only one batsman can be legally dismissed. In the event of both being dismissed on the same delivery, the batsman dismissed first goes back to the pavilion while the other continues with his/her innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Hit the ball twice&quot; out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Laws of Cricket (Law 34 - as stated below), if done intentionally, then yes, it is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 34 (Hit the ball twice)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. Out Hit the ball twice  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Hit the ball twice if, while the ball is in play, it strikes any part of his person or is struck by his bat and, before the ball has been touched by a fielder, he willfully strikes it again with his bat or person, other than a hand not holding the bat, except for the sole purpose of guarding his wicket. See 3 below and Laws 33 (Handled the ball) and 37 (Obstructing the field).  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the purpose of this Law, 'struck' or 'strike' shall include contact with the person of the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as with any potential dismissal, the batsman can still continue his/her innings in the following cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The opposition team does not appeal (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 27.1&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The appeal is withdrawn by the opposition captain and the umpire consents to the withdrawal, before the batsman leaves the field of play (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 27.8&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it considered a dismissal if the ball hits the other side of the bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. As of the current laws, this does not constitute a dismissal. However, the way the modern bat is designed, the batsmen do not get any advantage by using the other side of the bat. So, it does not make sense for the batsmen to use the other side of the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-07-09T13:39:04.583" LastActivityDate="2013-07-09T13:39:04.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1721" CreationDate="2012-10-13T14:32:02.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, possibly the most famous game that was protested and resumed from the point of protest was the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Tar_Incident&quot;&gt;Pine Tar Incident&lt;/a&gt;&quot; game between the Yankees and Royals originally played on July 24, 1983.  The game was replayed (again, from the point of protest which was 2 outs in the top of the 9th inning) on August 18th, 1983.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last baseball game that where a protest was upheld was on June 16,1986 between the St. Louis Cardinals and Pittsburh Pirates, where it was argued that the umpires didn't wait long enough for a rain delay before stopping the game: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/PIT/PIT198606160.shtml&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/PIT/PIT198606160.shtml&lt;/a&gt;.  It was resumed two days later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of baseball games that have been resumed due to protest, but the author acknowledges it might not be complete: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.retrosheet.org/protests.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.retrosheet.org/protests.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2012-10-13T14:32:02.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1716" CreationDate="2012-10-14T22:50:31.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is clear. No run has been scored at all in this case. Both batsmen need to run and cross over in order to score runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in normal circumstances if you run two but a batsmen doesn't quite ground their bat over the line during the first run, the Umpire calls 'one short' and 1 of the two runs is deducted. So I think you are asking whether this applies here; one batsmen has completed the runs and the other hasn't. However, the 'one short' rule doesn't apply because of part 5 of Law 18:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Deliberate short runs&#xA;  (a) Notwithstanding 4 above, if either umpire considers that either or both batsmen deliberately run short at his end, the umpire concerned shall, when the ball is dead, inform the other umpire of what has occurred. The bowler’s end umpire shall then&#xA;  (i) warn both batsmen that the practice is unfair and indicate that this is a first and final warning. This warning shall apply throughout the innings. The umpire shall so inform each incoming batsman.&#xA;  (ii) whether a batsman is dismissed or not, disallow all runs to the batting side from that delivery other than any runs awarded for penalties.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the fact that one batsmen hasn't run at all would constitute deliberately running short. The non-striker, seeing that the batsmen isn't running but continuing to run themselves, would receive a warning for attempting to score when it is clear the other batsmen is making no attempt to run. The warning would be meaningless though, since this is the last ball of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the short answer is that the batting team score nothing from the ball and the bowling team win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-10-14T22:50:31.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1716" CreationDate="2012-10-15T20:19:15.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bowling team wins because no run has been scored from the delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runs are scored when the batsmen (plural) cross and make their ground at the other end.  In this case, one batman has not made his ground at the other end (and arguably, they have not crossed, and also arguably, the running batsmen has also not made his ground, because the ground is the striker's if he has not left it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-10-15T20:19:15.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1722" CreationDate="2012-10-15T20:25:10.933" Score="8" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No, because the ball becomes dead when a (that is, the first) dismissal occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it is not intentional, then it is not out.  (Note the term &quot;willful&quot; in Law 34.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Touching the back of the bat is by itself not a reason for a dismissal.  But the back does count as part of the bat for purposes of caught etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-10-15T20:25:10.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1735" CreationDate="2012-10-16T12:35:54.373" Score="9" ViewCount="2489" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of every game, the top players swap their jerseys with opposition players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is this done?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When and how did this tradition of jersey swapping start?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it mandatory for the players to swap jerseys?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What do the players do with the swapped jersey? As in, keep it as a memorabilia , auction it, etc?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:51:48.083" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T18:38:04.953" Title="Football Jersey Swapping" Tags="|football|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2012-10-16T13:02:18.360" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/social-responsibility/news/newsid=1792164.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Swapping shirts at the end of a match is a symbol of respect between&#xA;  opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, UEFA started a campign called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/social-responsibility/news/newsid=1792164.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swap your Jersey – show Respect!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first known case of swapping shirts was on 1931:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The gentlemanly ritual is believed to have begun in 1931, when France&#xA;  beat England for the first time. The French players were so ecstatic&#xA;  they asked the English players if they could have their jerseys as&#xA;  keepsakes. The English obliged.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It was not until 1954 that exchanges took place at a World Cup&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As swapping jerseys is consider a symbol of respect, This action isn't mandatory.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In fact, at most matched jerseys isn't been replaced at the end of the match.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There were several special cases that this switch hasn't been made,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The most famous case in history of refusing jersey exchange was on England - Argentina, 1966 World Cup quarter-final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1966, England defeated Argentina, 1-0, in the quarterfinals, but&#xA;  the play was so vicious that when England’s manager, Alf Ramsey, who&#xA;  had referred to Argentina’s players as animals, spotted one of his&#xA;  players exchanging jerseys with an Argentine, he stepped in and yanked&#xA;  the jersey away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07jerseys.html?pagewanted=all&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for what is been done with those swapped jersey is for the players to decide,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;they can do what there want with the jersey.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Many players treat it like trophies and other prizes they had won in their career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-17T18:38:04.953" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T18:38:04.953" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1721" CreationDate="2012-10-16T16:01:58.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The primary and overarching rule in any sports league is that the on-field staff is infallible. Even for booth reviews in football, the replay must show that the call was clearly wrong in order for it to be reversed (and that aspect of the ref's on-field ruling must be reversible; you can't, for instance, assert that a penalty should have been called when there wasn't one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, most major leagues have adopted some sort of &quot;appeals process&quot;, both in game and after the game is over. In some cases, rulings can be overturned on appeal even after the game is over, but in most cases, the spirit of the game and the assumption that &quot;the referee is always right&quot; still prevails, and the overwhelming majority of protests are unsuccessful on those grounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What a protest &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; change is the outlook of the officials. When shown that they made a bad call, officials learn from their mistakes even if there is no official action taken as a result of the protest. If the call was obvious enough and blown badly enough, the referee can be removed as incompetent and replaced for future games (I refer you to the Packers/Seahawks game and the controversial call that ended it; that was a major factor in getting the NFL owners to strike a deal with the officials' union and get the replacement officials off the field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2012-10-16T16:01:58.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1721" CreationDate="2012-10-16T21:38:17.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been a few cases in the German Bundesliga where games have been repeated because of so-called &quot;phantom goals&quot;, where the ball missed the goal to the side but a goal was given nonetheless.  You can (try to) read about these here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantomtor#Fu.C3.9Fball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantomtor#Fu.C3.9Fball&lt;/a&gt;.  It's dubious why these protests were allowed, but there you go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, protests are routinely allowed (or at least considered) when they concern matters other than &quot;facts connected with play&quot; (which are final).  For example, when ineligible players participated, or in case of fan violence, or perhaps in lower leagues if there are concerns about inadequate pitches or equipment.  In these cases, if the protest is successful, games are typically awarded to the other side without a repeat.  This isn't exactly a protest about an unfair ruling, which you asked about, but it shows why the protesting procedures exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-10-16T21:38:17.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-18T00:42:25.123" Score="25" ViewCount="9312" Body="&lt;p&gt;On October 16, 2012, Sweden came back from 4-0 down to draw 4-4 with Germany in a World Cup qualifier. Purely in terms of goals, is this the record for the biggest comeback in a competitive international match (ie. ignoring friendlies and contests over two legs)? If not, which match holds the record?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For avoidance of doubt, I'm interested in country vs country matches, not matches between clubs from different countries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="463" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T18:23:51.403" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T18:23:51.403" Title="What is the biggest comeback recorded in competitive international soccer matches?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1578" CreationDate="2012-10-18T00:55:37.377" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The D/L method was designed with 50-over matches in mind. It came in for some criticism during the 2012 World Twenty20 when it was applied to some matches that were greatly reduced in duration due to rain. The team batting second was put at a great advantage as they were able to use all 10 wickets to pursue a D/L target that was only moderately above the original target in terms of runs per over. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/459431.html&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; explains that this was because D/L method was applied as though a T20 match is the equivalent of the final 20 overs of an ODI, and recommends instead that it ought to be applied as though a T20 is a much faster version of a 50-over match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="463" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T00:55:37.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1740" CreationDate="2012-10-18T01:04:28.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we stick to a single game, VfL Bochum - Bayern München in 1976 (11 goals). Bochum were 3-0 up by the half-time whistle and 4-0 in 53th minute. In the next 20 minutes, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge and Gerd Muller took Bayern to an unbelievable 5-4 lead. &#xA;Kaczor put Bochum level on 5-5 in the 80th minute and that seemed to be it, but with a minute to go Uli Höness scored his second and Bayern's sixth for their most amazing win ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over two legs, and I'm only including it because of how amazing it sounds, Bayer Uerdingen - Dynamo Dresden in 1986. A team of numerous East German stars built a 2-0 lead in the first leg at home and then ran away with a solid 3-1 lead at half time, seemingly clinching the tie in the return game at Krefeld. Dynamo were 5-1 ahead on aggregate, and the 1-3 scoreline stood until the 57 minute. The Icelander Gudmundsson won that dubious penalty kick, which Wolfgang Funkel converted. Six minutes later Gudmundsson himself made it 3-3. Then the unlucky forward Minge deflected a shot into his own net, and the Easterners found themselves utterly disoriented amidst roars from the partisan crowd. Bayer attacked in waves and the reserve Klinger brought the temperature to boiling point with the fifth goal 12 minutes from time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5-5 on aggregate, but Dynamo were still ahead on the away-goals rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Schäfer was knocked down in the area and Wolfgang Funkel again scored from the spot, making it 6-3 only 23 minutes after the scoreboard had shown the humiliating 1-3. Before the final whistle, in the total confusion, Schäfer picked up the seventh goal, ending up on the shoulders of his mates and the fans who invaded the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bayer Uerdingen - Dynamo Dresden (12 goals).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerphile.com/soccerphile/news/comebacks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Top 20 Most Amazing Soccer Comebacks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="843" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-02T06:53:46.100" LastActivityDate="2016-10-02T06:53:46.100" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1745" CreationDate="2012-10-18T15:36:29.210" Score="8" ViewCount="40056" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if during a kickoff, the kicker kicks the ball through the uprights?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the two situations I think this is possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The game kick-off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kick after touchdown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-10-19T13:43:58.163" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T21:47:32.383" Title="What happens if a team kicks the ball through the uprights on a kickoff?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1744" CreationDate="2012-10-18T16:32:33.023" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a common occurrence, especially in the NFL now that kickoffs have moved to the 35 yard line. But it does not result in points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the NFL rules (rule 3, section 10):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIELD GOAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    A Field Goal is made by kicking the ball from the field of play through the plane of the opponents' goal by a drop kick or a placekick either:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (a) From behind the line on a play from scrimmage; or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (b) During a fair catch kick. See 11-4-3; 3-9; and 10-2-4-a.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A kickoff is neither a play from scrimmage nor a fair catch kick (a fair catch kick can occur only immediately following a kick that was fair-caught). Therefore, kicking the ball through the uprights results merely in a touchback, just like kicking the ball out of any other part of the end zone would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T16:32:33.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1320" CreationDate="2012-10-19T07:23:53.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/ScoringTables_CE_744.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;iaaf document&lt;/a&gt; about the scoring tables they just state the basic rules which they tried to meet with the system from 1983 (p.18):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The new set of tables should be used for combined events only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Results in various events should, as far as possible, yield about the same number of points if the results are comparable as to quality&#xA;  and difficulty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The new tables should be either:&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a modification of the existing ones&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a straight line in all events&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;slightly progressive tables in all events.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;It must be possible to use the scoring tables for beginners, juniors and top athletes as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;There will be a special scoring table for men and another table for women.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All the new versions of the scoring tables should be based on the statistical data for the combined events by paying due regard to the&#xA;  statistical data for performances by single event athletes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The new tables should be applicable now and for the future.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It is desirable without creating other problems, that the total scores using the new tables for the top world class athletes should&#xA;  remain approximately the same. That is about 8500 points for the&#xA;  decathlon and about 6500 points for the heptathlon.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As far as possible the new tables must insure that a specialist in one event cannot overcome performances in the other events.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also says that it was created in a meeting with &quot;several statisticians&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon_scoring_tables#1934_scoring_tables&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia says for Decathlon scoring&lt;/a&gt; (which it seems uses the same factors) the 1934 scoring system was based on exponential functions fitted for 0 Points based on the results of untrained children to 1000 Points closely to the world records with a limit at 1150 Points per event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since all newer systems seem to have evolved from this one I guess the procedure was the same with changes to the functions used (throwing events changed from progressive to regressive) and the data used for fitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That was all I could find so no data or statistics but if you google you find several papers by statistician that propose different scoring methods to replace the old one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastEditorUserId="869" LastEditDate="2012-10-19T08:56:59.507" LastActivityDate="2012-10-19T08:56:59.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1748" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-20T16:57:54.977" Score="10" ViewCount="5760" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/features/misunderstoodrules_051128.html&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The hand is considered 'part of the ball' when it is in contact with&#xA;  the ball and contact with a players hand when it is in contact with&#xA;  the ball is not a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I have a question regarding a slight variation of this situation. Here O represents an offensive player and D a defensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if D hits the ball out of the O's hand(s) and D makes contact with O's hand(s) on the follow-through? So that when the contact with O's hand(s) is made, O's hands are no longer in contact with ball, but only because D just knocked the ball out of contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific situation I'm picturing is one where O is holding the ball with two hands, but toward the bottom of the ball, leaving enough of the ball above his hands so that when D hits the ball through O's hands, by the time D's hand hits O's hands, the ball has been pushed completely below O's hands. Hence O's hands are not in contact with the ball at the exact moment of hand-to-hands contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't require only the NBA ruling on this situation, but would like to know which league(s), if any, would rule differently here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="871" LastEditorUserId="871" LastEditDate="2012-10-20T17:19:15.620" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T11:46:04.293" Title="&quot;Hand is part of the ball&quot; variant" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1693" CreationDate="2012-10-20T18:28:45.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the referee has not restarted play after the goal, he is able to change his decision based on Law 5 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee or the fourth official, provided that he has not restarted play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically to your scenario, I provide the following opinion based on 11 years of refereeing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) The referee either did not get a good look at the handball or didn't see it at all and called &quot;play on&quot; to indicate to the opponents that no foul occured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The assistant referee saw the handball, but upon hearing the &quot;play on&quot; call from the referee, presumed that the referee had also seen the handball but deemed it not deliberate and thus no foul, which is why he kept his flag down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Personally, I would be cautioning any player who causes such a scene such as grabbing the ball and preventing a restart. It sounds like the referee caved into the pressure from the players and eventually consulted his assistant, who may or may not have also caved in to said pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, what the referee did was correct under the Laws of the Game, but without obviously witnessing any of it, it's hard to say whether overall it was the correct decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-10-20T18:28:45.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2012-10-20T18:40:45.550" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per Law 10 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290865.html&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement that the ball needs to touch the net for it to be counted as a goal. In fact, a net is not a mandatory requirement in order for a game to be played, as per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1285960.html&quot;&gt;Law 1&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nets &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;MAY&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly supported and do not interfere with the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously though, there will be a net 99% of the time as it helps EVERYONE to see that a goal has been scored (most of the time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is either the referee or assistant referees job to conduct a check of the nets always before the game. By having the nets not secured properly or with holes in them, it just makes their own job much more harder. EG) A ball enters the goal through a hole in the side of the net when going out for a goal kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this answers your question. In 11 years of refereeing, I quickly learnt to check the nets before every game after this kind of incident happened to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-10-20T18:40:45.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1751" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1753" CreationDate="2012-10-20T21:53:29.197" Score="1" ViewCount="924" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been figuring out this site ok but I do not really understand why there are 3 entries for maris in 1958. If I want to figure out his home runs that season. Should I just add up all the 1958 or would there be a particular reason it has been entered 3 times like that instead of once for the whole year? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gcz1Q.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Roger Maris 1958 stats&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="872" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-21T19:18:01.730" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T19:18:01.730" Title="baseballreference.com reading the tables for player statistics (roger maris)" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-10-24T03:12:40.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1754" CreationDate="2012-10-21T01:16:02.570" Score="6" ViewCount="2518" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out whether starting the 100m sprint crouched like they do in the olympics is better than starting it standing. I thought maybe that's just a &quot;sport rule&quot;, not something that actually makes the race faster. If you can link me actual videos or experiments I'd appreciate it very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="873" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:00:57.157" Title="What's the best way to start the 100m sprint?" Tags="|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1751" CreationDate="2012-10-21T03:59:44.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you mean 1958, and if you look at the column named &quot;Tm&quot;, notice that of of the three rows for 1958 has &quot;TOT&quot; in that column.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That row contains the totals of the other two rows, so no need to do any extra work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, too, that the stats grid has some power built into it where one can click on two rows that represent the beginning and end of a period to examine, and a pop-up will display the totals for that period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, click on the first and last rows of Maris' stats, and the pop-up will produce totals that match the Career Totals row, i.e. the 1958 rows for CLE and KCA are not included in the totals because they're already accounted for by the 1958 TOT row.  In fact, clear the grid of the previous selection and try clicking on either of the rows that doesn't contain the totals and notice that the row isn't highlighted.  This is likely to prevent one from trying to include all three  1958 rows in one of these ad hoc summaries.  (Note: it also seems that clicking on one of those rows I've described short-circuits that summarization function completely, at least in Chrome on a Mac.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T03:59:44.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1752" CreationDate="2012-10-21T06:03:09.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A crouched start is more effective than a standing start as it places the sprinter in a position to move the center of gravity rapidly well ahead of the feet and thus the runner must accelerate very quickly or else fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.charliefrancis.com/community/showthread.php?19572-The-sprint-start&quot;&gt;a wonderful article&lt;/a&gt; with a study comparing both, the standing and crouching styles, giving details at each milestone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T06:03:09.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1755" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1756" CreationDate="2012-10-21T17:25:05.897" Score="2" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I work out the ratio between the number of home runs this player had and the number of balls he hit (as opposed to struck out) using this table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rmlfV.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Roger Maris Career Stats&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. I have the strike outs and the number of home runs but I am not sure how many he hit from the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="872" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-21T19:21:19.710" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T19:21:19.710" Title="How can I work out the ratio between the number of home runs this player had in baseball-reference.com" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-10-24T03:12:52.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1755" CreationDate="2012-10-21T18:52:00.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The column labeled 'H' is total hits, including home runs.  The &quot;Glossary&quot; link next to the chart near the top will explain what the heading of each column means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T18:52:00.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1781" CreationDate="2012-10-21T23:39:12.407" Score="5" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Tigers have about a week off between now and the World Series.  Is there anything in the Rules about not letting a Team Sell Tickets for Practice?  My thought is that by having a stadium full of fans would feel more like a real game and keep the players in the mindset they have during the season.  They wouldn't necessary have to sell tickets but just a way to basically have an open inter team game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; (from comment below): I was thinking more of the inter squad games they were playing. They would still have their closed off from public so they could concentrate on how to play the other team. The Inter Squd game with a crowd would give the feeling that it is just a regular season game and keep them in that mind set&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="833" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T13:00:10.050" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T13:00:10.050" Title="Can a team sell tickets to a practice?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|fans|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2012-10-22T06:32:38.380" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rule states that if the attacking player receiving the ball is behind the last defender (not including the goalkeeper) at the time the ball is played through to them they are deemed offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However this rule does not apply in the event of a throw-in and can only be enforced if the player is inside his attacking half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="876" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-03-23T19:42:47.027" LastActivityDate="2013-03-23T19:42:47.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2012-10-22T11:23:37.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found that visualising yourself doing the worm (dance move) gives you the perfect undulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you may want to try video taping your technique so that you can analyse exactly what isn't working.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="876" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T11:23:37.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1335" CreationDate="2012-10-22T23:48:51.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience, it allows you to hit the ball harder and also masks the sound of the ball hitting the racquet so that your opponent can't judge the power and spin of the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="876" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-10-23T03:08:02.450" LastActivityDate="2012-10-23T03:08:02.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2012-10-23T06:22:52.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on how well you know your opposition. My coach tells us to jump to a height where the ball cannot travel under your feet. However that is because our goal keeper isn't the tallest player around, your goalkeeper should also have a large say in what happens with the wall, he should position them and tell them what he feels comfortable with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="876" LastActivityDate="2012-10-23T06:22:52.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1762" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1763" CreationDate="2012-10-23T13:38:03.730" Score="17" ViewCount="6581" Body="&lt;p&gt;Volleyball rules are going to change for the 2013 season. For example, the overhand reception of service would be forbidden (like it is in beach volleyball). What are the additional details that support this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-10-23T13:42:24.040" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T09:56:28.273" Title="Overhand reception in indoor volleyball" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1762" CreationDate="2012-10-23T13:38:03.730" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Congress/2012/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 FIVB Congress&lt;/a&gt;, new rules valid from 2013 (&lt;em&gt;but see update below&lt;/em&gt;) were approved; probably the most visible change is going to be the change regarding the reception of service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, at the first hit of the team &lt;em&gt;including the service&lt;/em&gt;, double contact is not called (provided that the contacts occur during one action, see rule 9.2.3.2), which means a great share of receptions is nowadays done using overhand, even though these hits are not clean. However, it also means todays men’s volleyball is generally: hard jumped serve which is very often a fault or an ace, or it is received nicely and properly set to a spike which ends the extremely short rally lasting just a few seconds, with such sideouting play being very predictable and boring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, “To destabilize the reception and prevent a series of 4 second side out points, and thus make the game less predictable, reception of service overhand with fingers will be judged more strictly.” If the service will be received using overhand finger action, the hit must be clean – no double contact and no catch. This change affects &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; the service reception (further defensive actions during the rally will be unaffected and subject to the “first team hit” exception) and only the overhand reception. The exact wording of the newly created rule 9.2.4 will be as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is a fault, during the reception of service, to make a double contact or catch using an overhand finger action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the rule does not &lt;em&gt;forbid&lt;/em&gt; overhand reception of a service per se, it just requires it to be completely clean. But, presumably, unless the hit is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; clean, it is going to get whistled automatically. This change also brings indoor volleyball rules a bit closer to beach volleyball, where overhand service reception is also not &lt;em&gt;explicitly prohibited&lt;/em&gt;, but everybody receives using forearm bump, as an overhand reception would be whistled ±automatically as a double contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://klewel.com/conferences/fivb-congress-2012/day3/index.php?talkID=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Presentation by the Rules of Game commission at the 2012 FIVB Congress concerning the rule changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volleywood.net/volleyball-features/in-the-spotlight/new-fivb-rules-in-2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;New FIVB Rules in 2013?&lt;/a&gt; (Volleywood.net)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://volleytalk.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=menvb&amp;amp;action=display&amp;amp;thread=46166&amp;amp;page=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Topic: FIVB to eliminate overhand reception&lt;/a&gt; (discussion thread at volleytalk)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; The changes has been incorporated into the new official ruleset: See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rules of the Game 2013-2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; The application of the new overhand reception rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=37937&amp;amp;Language=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;has been postponed following the Board of Administration decision&lt;/a&gt; of April 5, 2013, and is therefore not used currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2013-08-13T09:56:28.273" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T09:56:28.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1748" CreationDate="2012-10-23T15:09:48.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see this going two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Incidental Contact (see below) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Official's Decision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 2, Section III - Elastic Power&lt;/strong&gt; states, in part: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The officials shall have the power to make decisions on any point not&#xA;  specifically covered in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that your scenario is not specifically covered in the rules. This kind of decision would become a judgment call. It appears that there are two ways officials can make such a decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The official considers it incidental contact. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The official considers it illegal contact as the ball is no longer in O's hand and calls a foul on D. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incidental Contact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The mere fact that contact occurs does not necessarily constitute a&#xA;  foul. Contact which is incidental to an effort by a player to play an&#xA;  opponent, reach a loose ball, or perform normal defensive or offensive&#xA;  movements, should not be considered illegal. If, however, a player&#xA;  attempts to play an opponent from a position where he has no&#xA;  reasonable chance to perform without making contact with his opponent,&#xA;  the responsibility is on the player in this position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-10-23T15:09:48.597" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1766" CreationDate="2012-10-23T18:50:04.130" Score="12" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the news, the US Cyclist federation, had withdrawn all titles from Lance Armstrong.&#xA;&#xA;How can a US organization take French Titles?  Or I am missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="94" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:11:57.607" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:11:57.607" Title="How can the US cyclist federation take Lance Armstrong French Titles?" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2012-10-23T19:11:03.833" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usantidoping.org/&quot;&gt;USADA&lt;/a&gt;, the United States Anti-Doping Agency, is the organization that determined that Lance Armstrong is guilty of doping during his career. &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/cycling/2012/10/10/lance-armstrong-usada-reasoned-decision-teammates-doping/1624551/&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/!invesitgations%20and%20enterprise%20docs/armstrong-reasoned-decision.pdf&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/&quot;&gt;UCI&lt;/a&gt;, the Union Cycliste Internationale (International Cycling Union) - the &lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt; governing body for the sport of cycling, agreed with the evidence the USADA had released. &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/olympics/cycling/story/_/id/8536389/uci-agrees-strip-lance-armstrong-7-tour-de-france-titles&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the &lt;strong&gt;UCI&lt;/strong&gt;, not USA Cycling, is responsible for stripping Lance Armstrong of his Tour de France titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IN ADDITION:&lt;/strong&gt; Reports on 14 January 2013 state that Lance Armstrong has admitted &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akRHUsHnQZo&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cKBVPMotBA&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; to doping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-15T01:34:54.333" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T01:34:54.333" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1767" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1768" CreationDate="2012-10-23T20:51:40.363" Score="10" ViewCount="7178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently saw a game where a player on the defense knocked down a pass. He was given a yellow card and sent to the sin bin. It looked like the referee said the word 'cynical'. Is there a difference between a knock-on and deliberately knocking the ball down (which is what it appeared happened)? Why does this behavior warrant a yellow card?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="880" LastActivityDate="2022-02-13T15:42:35.087" Title="Knock-on vs batting the ball down" Tags="|rugby|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1767" CreationDate="2012-10-23T23:15:02.707" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;A deliberate knock on is a penalty as opposed to an accidental knock on that results in a scrum. In the case of a defender batting down a pass, the referee has to judge whether they think the defender was actually trying to catch (intercept) the pass or just trying to knock it down to prevent the pass from being completed. The later is a penalty, you have to be trying to catch and control the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the yellow card, if this occurred near the defenders try line, or if there was a good chance of a try being scored had the pass been completed (i.e. was going to a winger with no more defenders on the outside) then this constitutes what is sometimes called a 'professional foul'. This is grounds for a yellow card. Essentially if the referee thinks a player deliberately incurs a penalty in order to illegally stop a play that has a good chance of leading to a try a yellow card should be given. This is more typically given for infringements in the ruck, such as lying over the ball to prevent the attacking team from retrieving it, but other circumstances such as the one you describe also fit the description of a professional foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The terminology of 'cynical' I haven't heard before, but it is referring to the same concept. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-10-23T23:15:02.707" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="354" CreationDate="2012-10-24T13:29:51.907" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several other traditional marathon courses - notably the Polytechnic Marathon (Windsor to Chiswick) which hosted a few WRs in its time - are also not record-valid under this rule, which is relatively recent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ken Young of the Association of Road Race Statisticians has done a lot of work on the effects of wind direction on race times, and has published &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arrs.net/article_wind.php&quot;&gt;an overview of his work on the topic&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some 20 years ago, I worked out a simple model that demonstrated runners could receive a significant tail wind benefit on a course whose start and finish lay more than 30% of the race distance apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Young asserts, and I believe he's right, that his work is the basis of the USA's current 30% separation rule. The IAAF rule of 50% separation is more lax, and Young believes still allows for what he considers &quot;unacceptable&quot; benefit. (Young also believes records set by women in races which include men should not be accepted either, but that's another story entirely.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2012-10-24T13:29:51.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1757" CreationDate="2012-10-25T08:35:00.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find any law that restricts the teams from selling tickets to practice however none of the teams actually sell tickets to training. Sometimes the team will let fans come to practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="876" LastActivityDate="2012-10-25T08:35:00.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1748" CreationDate="2012-10-25T08:46:33.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience this is a very unlikely situation in professional basketball as three hands (with outstretched fingers) will simply not fit on the ball surface :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But putting that aside and assuming the hypothetical scenario that it did actually happen in exactly the way OP puts it. In the heat of the action this call will almost certainly be based on how the referee saw it; in other words even if there was no possession at the precise time of contact, the referee might not be able to see that detail, and depending on the reaction of the offensive player, it might be a foul call. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, I have seen/experienced many occasions where the ball gets knocked out of possession &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; contact and the referee still doesn't call, probably because he simply couldn't catch that detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short: it will most likely be a tough call for the ref, no matter how you cut it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-10-25T08:46:33.030" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2012-10-25T09:00:47.723" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting question, with a number of really nice answers, but I feel a third option is forgotten. The wall can rush as well, which usually happens just for that reason to prevent smart passes. Obviously the decision of wall behavior is extremely dependent on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the distance from the spot to the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the angle at which the spot sees the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the kicker(s) standing behind the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the type of the kick (direct/indirect)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the number of players in the wall&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question without going in to all possible scenarios, whether to jump or not primarily depends on the where the spot kick is taken from. If the kick is close to the arc, seeing the goal from a favorable angle, 9/10 times the wall will jump, as the chances that it's a high curveball is much more than a speedy lowball. Keep in mind that keeping the ball low but fast is not that easy.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-10-25T09:00:47.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1773" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-25T18:09:37.177" Score="7" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently seen a number of matches where prior to the start of the game heavy rain made the pitch pretty hard to play on. Interestingly some of these matches were postponed (e.g. recent qualifier between Poland - Englad) whereas some others did not (this weeks Champions League match between Galatasaray - Cluj). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case it was pretty obvious that there would be absolutely no quality of football due to the conditions on the pitch due to erratic behavior of the ball on &quot;grass&quot; (terrible bounce, passes getting stuck on puddles, players sliding uncontrollably...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that game reminded me of Euro 2008 match between Turkey and Austria, during which rain had made the game practically impossible for both teams and unexpected ball behavior caused a rather silly goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;THat being the background, when the refs go out on the pitch to judge whether or not to start the game, what do they look for? Are there specific/descriptive criteria with which they take their decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T08:40:45.153" Title="Which criteria does the ref look for when judging whether or not the pitch is suitable for a game?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1773" CreationDate="2012-10-26T00:21:10.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously when a referee is determining the quality of the pitch, the criteria is going to be different for a FIFA-type match versus a local league game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number one thing is player safety. EG) the field is wet &amp;amp; muddy, and players are just going to be slipping and sliding dangerously trying to tackle/run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing water on the field is also dangerous. If the rain has stopped, and the field/stadium has excellent drainage, the referee may decide to play the game. This may or may not have been the case in the games you mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, sending home 50 players &amp;amp; parents is no big deal compared to having to reschedule a FIFA/EPL/etc game with hundreds of staff, tens of thousands of fans, and millions of people wanting to watch at home. While none of that should be a factor, I would safely bet the farm that it most certainly is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-10-26T00:21:10.100" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1757" CreationDate="2012-10-26T00:34:39.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sure the players don't want the distraction of a thousand people yelling and cheering at them, wanting autographs/etc while they are trying to prepare for the biggest game of their careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly, they could be going through things in regards of how to play against the other team. Naturally, they don't want outsiders to see this type of thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your actual question, a team can sell tickets to whatever it wants from games to practices to a press conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2012-10-26T00:34:39.027" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2012-10-26T09:34:11.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trailrunnerx on osx can sync with nike+, including after Nike's recent changes to their API. From there one can export to various file formats. The gpx-tracks has worked for me for uploading to Strava and MapMyRun. Runkeeper on the other hand seemed to have trouble extracting the relevant data from these files. The Smashrun website can sync with nike+ directly. It's good for numbers, but doesn't have maps yet. MayMyRun also connects directly to Nike+, but doesn't seem to import gps data/maps and doesn't offer any graphs or statistics. It does so only when importing from files rather than through nike+.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="882" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-10-26T15:27:51.530" LastActivityDate="2012-10-26T15:27:51.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2012-10-29T13:09:21.417" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://endomondo.com&quot;&gt;Endomondo.com&lt;/a&gt; works very well importing all the information from Nike+. After that you can use it to export individually to some other services, or use it as I think is pretty good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="842" LastActivityDate="2012-10-29T13:09:21.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1757" CreationDate="2012-10-30T11:19:40.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is &lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every team can decide to sell tickets for training, I can give you an example from soccer since I'm not familiar with MLB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time the income from friendly games or training goes to charity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid practice on there US tour cost between $85-382 as you can read at the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/real-madrid-charge-fans-85-382-watch-ucla-205018390--sow.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-10-30T11:19:40.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1782" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1788" CreationDate="2012-10-30T23:58:37.180" Score="4" ViewCount="876" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to longboarding/skateboarding. I have picked up the basics and am able to ride confidently. However, sometime I tend to lose balance and the board slides from under my foot and goes ahead of me or behind me depending on how I lose balance. When this happens, the board just darts and wont stop for a significant distance. I am afraid the board might hit somebody's foot or worse, go into the road. Is there anyway to prevent it. I have a silly idea of tying a twine or something similar to it and hooking to up to my bag/pants, but I don't want to look silly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="889" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T14:37:42.713" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T13:18:48.543" Title="How can I prevent my longboard from sliding under me, into the road/pavement" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1918" CreationDate="2012-10-31T03:35:27.123" Score="23" ViewCount="11923" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 30-Oct-2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/20053678&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arsenal defeated Reading&lt;/a&gt; with an incredible score of 7-5. A more astonishing fact is that 4 goals were scored in Extra-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the record for the most number of goals in extra-time, in a single game? If not, which match holds the record?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-03-27T13:05:16.510" LastActivityDate="2020-11-09T19:48:39.247" Title="Most number of extra-time Goals" Tags="|football|history|records|statistics|trivia|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1785" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3045" CreationDate="2012-10-31T06:31:46.047" Score="8" ViewCount="2240" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to clarify some doubts about the career of a cricketer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a player played for Under-19 international matches, will they be added in his ODI career?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a player played any domestic matches like IPL, CLT20, will they be added in his Twenty20 career?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between Twenty20 career and T20I career?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What are First-class, List-A matches? When these matches were played?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T12:01:52.870" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T18:26:08.657" Title="Career of a cricketer" Tags="|cricket|statistics|icc|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2012-10-31T07:34:44.137" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Arsenal and reading 4 goals in overtime isn't a new record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most goals scored in extra time in FIFA World cup was &lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt; goals in the match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_v_West_Germany_(1970_FIFA_World_Cup)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy vs West Germany&lt;/a&gt; on 1970.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8t1AQZgPgk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any match with more than 5 goals scored in extra time..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-11-09T19:48:39.247" LastActivityDate="2020-11-09T19:48:39.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1785" CreationDate="2012-10-31T09:22:08.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player played for Under-19 international matches, it will not be&#xA;added to his senior international records if he plays any.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player played in IPL, CLT20, it will be added to his Twenty20&#xA;career&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Twenty20&lt;/strong&gt; -- Domestic matches like played for the State team, county, IPL team etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20I&lt;/strong&gt; -- International Twenty20 matches&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First class&lt;/strong&gt; -- Domestic Test matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;List A&lt;/strong&gt; -- Domestic one day matches&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T12:05:00.853" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T12:05:00.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1782" CreationDate="2012-10-31T09:56:28.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The generally accepted solution is to accept that this will happen - you can minimise the risk by kicking the board backward when you bail, but most skaters would rather damage the board than accidentally get hooked up with a leash in traffic, or trip on the leash when trying to bail at speed etc. Boards are meant to take dings anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, there are some situations when you might want one, so you can use a leash (a little like a surfer's leash, but tightly coiled so it won't go under the trucks, hopefully) but you will look silly and will get harassed by other skaters :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was someone who invented a 'dead man's brake' that would stop a longboard quite quickly if your foot came off it, but it didn't catch on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2012-10-31T09:56:28.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1785" CreationDate="2012-10-31T11:13:23.677" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One day internationals are defined by the ICC as occurring between senior teams representing their country in ICC sanctioned matches. Under 19s cricket is clearly a very different standard and it would obviously make no sense to roll these games into career ODI statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, T20I cricket must be senior teams representing their country, so IPL, BBL or even CLT20 does not count as T20I nor would any U19 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term 'First class' cricket refers to long form, non-limited overs cricket played at the highest standard within a country. This means for instance Ranji Trophy matches in India, English country cricket 4 day games and Sheffield Shield games in Australia. Club cricket does not count as 'First Class' because it is not the highest standard domestic cricket. Essentially First Class cricket it the closest thing to Test Cricket, but typically is played over 4 rather than 5 days however 3 day matches can still qualify as first class cricket. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term 'List A' refers to domestic limited overs cricket, again played at the highest standard within that country. This includes various competitions in which the games are between 40-60 overs. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_A_cricket&quot;&gt;the wiki page&lt;/a&gt; for more info on what does and doesn't count as List A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Domestic T20 cricket includes games played in leagues such as the IPL, BBL etc. As far as I know the ICC has not yet codified exactly what constitutes official T20 records, i.e. presumably a Sydney park cricket T20 comp does not count, but where is the line drawn? In practice cricket stats sites use only stats from the premier T20 league played in a given country. But again, these career stats are different to a players T20I stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see this in action, have a look at the stats as recorded by cricketarchive.com (which is officially endorsed by the ICC) for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/6/6240/6240.html&quot;&gt;Mike Hussey&lt;/a&gt;. You can see clearly that the domestic records for First Class cricket are separated from Test cricket, ODIs are separated from List A and T20I is separated from T20 domestic. In addition, his under 19 records are again listed separately from his senior cricket records. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only controversy in this area is the 6 day 'super test' and 3 one day matches played in the early 2000s between Australia and a World team. Some people don't believe these matches should count towards career stats for Test matches and ODIs respectively however the ICC has declared that they do count. The World Series rebel games played in the 70s also are not counted in career stats of players because these were not sanctioned by the MCC (the body that ran cricket before the ICC existed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-10-31T11:13:23.677" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1790" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-31T11:45:00.170" Score="10" ViewCount="14816" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played regular cricket for a number of years but am now not able to spend the many hours required on weekends to play. I have instead taken up indoor cricket. To be specific, this is the standard form of indoor cricket that originated in Australia, but is now played in a number of countries. Full details of the rules etc can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indoorcricketworld.net/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been a decent bowler in outdoor cricket bowling line and length medium pace outswingers with an inswinger and off and leg cutters as variations (the leg cutter also functions as a slower ball). When bowling in indoor cricket though, I am getting worse results than players who on the face of it appear to be much worse bowlers. Clearly I am not adapting my game to the different requirements of indoor cricket. I tend to get driven to the back fence a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone outline the approach to take when bowling in indoor cricket, given the type of bowler I have been in outdoor cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-03-13T20:41:15.340" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T17:29:08.570" Title="Bowling tactics for a medium pace bowler in Indoor Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|tactics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1722" CreationDate="2012-11-01T02:10:38.240" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) Definitely not - in addition you cannot run out both batsmen - once one is run out, or a batsman is out by any means, the ball is dead and no further wickets can take place on that ball (neither can runs be scored).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) No.  If the batsman is deemed to have intentionally hit the ball twice, AND the opposing team appeals AND he is given out AND the opposing captain does not call him back, then he is out having hit the ball twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Nope, accidents happen - eg trying to sweep the ball and having it hit the back.  Inevitably this is not optimal - due to the shape on the back it often skies giving the opposing team a catch.  Perhaps if bat designs change and it becomes useful to do this, then it may change, but as of now, you can hit the ball with any side of the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that I work in the cricket arena, I can say it's possible, especially in last man standing types of formats.  Also you can be timed out/absent if you don't enter the field within the requisite amount of time, so then two batsmen would certainly be out on the same ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="891" LastEditorUserId="891" LastEditDate="2020-02-06T22:50:31.247" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T22:50:31.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1793" CreationDate="2012-11-01T05:46:36.773" Score="10" ViewCount="2057" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've learned that timed out means the batsman takes over 3 minutes to enter the field of play after a wicket falls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which batsman will be given out for this? (ie, whether the batting team had any chance to give wicket of any of its batsmen or the wicket will be given according to the batting order)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will this wicket be given to the bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will this innings be counted +1 to the career of the batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are there any batsman given timed-out in international cricket history?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T01:07:24.390" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T13:14:55.263" Title="Timed out in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|history|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1792" CreationDate="2012-11-01T08:55:38.370" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the MCC Laws, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-31-timed-out,57,ar.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 31 states that&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a)    After the fall of a wicket or the retirement of a batsman, the incoming batsman must, unless Time has been called, be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball within 3 minutes of the dismissal or retirement. If this requirement is not met, the incoming batsman will be out, Timed out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b)    In the event of protracted delay in which no batsman comes to the wicket, the umpires shall adopt the procedure of Law 21.3 (Umpires awarding a match). For the purposes of that Law the start of the action shall be taken as the expiry of the 3 minutes referred to above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which batsman will be given out for this?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incoming batsman will be given out. In the scenario that no batsman comes out, the umpire will award the match to the bowling side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will this wicket be given to the bowler?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bowler does not get credit for the dismissal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will this innings be counted +1 to the career of the batsman?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, this score will be counted to the career average and other statistics of the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any batsman given timed-out in international cricket history?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of November 2023, there has been only one timed out dismissal in international cricket, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/nov/06/angelo-mathews-becomes-first-international-cricketer-to-be-timed-out-sri-lanka-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Angelo Matthews in the 2023 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timed_out#Batsmen_dismissed_.27timed_out.27_in_first-class_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; notes six further timed-out dismissals in domestic cricket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andrew Jordaan - Eastern Province v Transvaal at Port Elizabeth in 1987–88[3]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hemulal Yadav - Tripura v Orissa at Cuttack in 1997&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vasbert Drakes - Border v Free State at East London in 2002&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AJ Harris - Nottinghamshire v Durham UCCE at Nottingham in 2003&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ryan Austin - Combined Campuses and Colleges v Windward Islands in 2014&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charles Kunje - Tuskers v Mountaineers in 2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: Twenty20 cricket rules stipulates that a batsman must be on the field within 90 seconds, rather than the three minutes specified in the Laws, although the batsman is not automatically out in this instance; the bowler is allowed to bowl the ball without the batsman there in an attempt to bowl him out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-19T13:14:55.263" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T13:14:55.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-11-01T10:58:09.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brooks has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brooksrunning.com/Brooks-Wear-Tester-Program/lab_rat,default,pg.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a wear tester program&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://weartest.newbalance.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;so does New Balance&lt;/a&gt; as of the date of this answer. However, both programs are relatively selective, which is to say not everyone who signs up is included in the program. (In fact, it seems likely that many more people sign up than are accepted.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe Saucony has a similar program, and if they did I doubt you would be able to control which models you were sent and when.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T10:58:09.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1795" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-11-01T13:03:51.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA, in French the &lt;em&gt;Federation Internationale de Football Association&lt;/em&gt;, is the international governing body for the sport of association football (known in the U.S. as &amp;quot;soccer&amp;quot; to differentiate from the more popular American gridiron football), and the related sports of futsal (a contraction of the Spanish &lt;em&gt;futbol de salo&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;court football&amp;quot;) and beach soccer. FIFA is responsible for setting and enforcing the game and team rules at top international levels of play in accordance with the internationally-recognized &amp;quot;Laws of Football&amp;quot;, and overseeing its composite levels of administration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA is divided into 6 roughly continental &amp;quot;confederations&amp;quot;, each of which oversees play between club and national teams within the confederation, and also oversees the member nations' governing bodies and the &amp;quot;premier leagues&amp;quot; of club teams within each individual member nations where they exist (such leagues are common in UEFA and CONMEBOL, and also exist in certain larger countries of other confederations such as the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Australia). FIFA recognizes many territorial possessions, and the four UK member countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, as being separate nations from their U.N. &amp;quot;administering nations&amp;quot;, and very few UN-recognized sovereign states aren't FIFA members; as such, FIFA has more member states (209) than the UN (193).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The six confederations are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UEFA&lt;/strong&gt; - United European Football Association; encompasses all of continental Europe, Great Britain, Ireland, Russia and Israel.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AFC&lt;/strong&gt; - Asian Football Confederation; composed of member nations from the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East excluding Egypt, former Islamic Soviet states including Afghanistan, the Indian subcontinent, China, Mongolia, Southeast Asia, Japan, Indonesia and Australia.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CAF&lt;/strong&gt; - Confederation of African Football; includes all but two UN-recognized territories in the African continent (the two non-FIFA members being the disputed territories of Western Sahara and South Sudan).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCACAF&lt;/strong&gt; - Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football; includes Canada, the United States, Mexico, Latin American states, Caribbean independent states and territorial possessions including the separately recognized territories of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, and three nations in South America (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONMEBOL&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol&lt;/em&gt;, the South American Football Confederation, consisting of all countries on the South American continent except for the three mentioned members of CONCACAF and the Falkland Islands.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OFC&lt;/strong&gt; - Oceania Football Confederation, consisting of all island nations and territories of the Pacific Ocean except for previously-mentioned members of the AFC.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to these, a seventh overlapping confederation of 22 Muslim countries from the AFC and CAF form the Union of Arab Football Associations, UAFA. FIFA recognizes these countries as belonging to their respective continental confederations, in which most do participate, but UAFA holds a number of tournaments among its own member nations as well as participating at the larger FIFA levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A variety of intraleague, interleague, interconfederate and international tournaments are held among FIFA members. Within a single member nation, a number of leagues of various &amp;quot;club teams&amp;quot; are sanctioned, typically ranked in a hierarchy with that nation's &amp;quot;Premiere&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Division I&amp;quot; league being the top level of national competition. As mentioned, many larger countries have premiere leagues, including every member of CONMEBOL, most members of UEFA (the most well-followed being the English Premiere League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, and German Bundesliga), the US and Canada (which contribute teams to Major League Soccer), Mexico (La Liga MX), and Austalia. In national systems that also have lower divisions, often a system of &amp;quot;promotion and relegation&amp;quot; is used, where a team consistently ranked at the top of a lower-division league is &amp;quot;promoted&amp;quot; to the next higher tier, replacing a team consistently ranking low in its current league. This system mitigates issues commonly seen in other professional sports leagues, where an established, exclusive top tier of member teams is maintained even as some of them remain uncompetitive for years or decades at a time with little incentive to improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top-ranking club teams often participate in interleague play between other highly-ranked club teams within a confederation. This interleague play structure is typically known as the confederation's &amp;quot;Champion's League&amp;quot;, with the UEFA Champions League tournament final being the most-watched sporting event in the world, eclipsing the NFL Super Bowl as of 2009. Winners and other top finishers at the confederation level are invited to play in the FIFA-sponsored Club World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most FIFA member nations also select and train a single national team composed of the best players of that nationality (players from other countries can participate in club team play, but a player from the English Premiere league isn't necessarily eligible to play for England), and these teams compete at the confederation and global level. Confederation championships typically earn the winner a berth in the quadrennial FIFA World Cup, with other spots awarded to winners of the World Cup Qualifiers held in the year preceding the World Cup. The rules for the qualifiers vary between &amp;quot;groups&amp;quot; (roughly equating to confederations), typically depending on the number of member nations competing for a berth and the historical significance of that groups' member teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the 32 participating teams are decided, they are arranged into 8 groups of four teams, which play each of the other teams in the preliminary round. Teams are ranked based on a points system based on winning games, scoring goals, and shutting out opponents. The two top-ranked teams of each group then proceed to a single-elimination tree tournament, culminating in the World Cup Final between the two semifinalists. A similar tournament is held the next year for the Women's World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage guidance:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark questions with this tag if they are about FIFA and/or &lt;strong&gt;minor&lt;/strong&gt; competitions (e.g, FIFA Club World Cup) played under its auspices. For questions about &lt;strong&gt;major&lt;/strong&gt; competitions organised by FIFA, use more specific tags instead, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/world-cup&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;world-cup&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;world-cup&lt;/a&gt; for FIFA World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions must also be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T19:33:14.353" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T19:33:14.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1796" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-11-01T13:03:51.330" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding FIFA who is the international governing body of association football, futsal and beach soccer." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-01T13:22:15.197" LastActivityDate="2012-11-01T13:22:15.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1797" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-11-01T13:04:59.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark questions with this tag if they are about UEFA (Union of European Football Associations), and/or &lt;strong&gt;minor&lt;/strong&gt; competitions played under its auspices. For questions about &lt;strong&gt;major&lt;/strong&gt; competitions organised by UEFA, use more specific tags instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/euro&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;euro&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;euro&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA European Championship (known as Euros)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/champions-league&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;champions-league&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;champions-league&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA Champions League / European Cup (prior to 1992)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/europa-league&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;europa-league&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;europa-league&lt;/a&gt; for UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup (prior to 2009)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions relating to all UEFA members can also be tagged with this tag, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17125/match-being-called-off-because-of-an-attempt-of-match-fixing-in-europes-top-lev&quot;&gt;Match being called off because of an attempt of match-fixing in Europe's top-level football leagues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3101/what-is-the-most-red-cards-issued-by-the-referee-in-one-game-of-soccer-football&quot;&gt;What is the most red cards issued by the referee in one game of soccer/football?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions must also be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T17:50:22.230" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T17:50:22.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1798" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-11-01T13:04:59.487" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to UEFA, who is the administrative body for association football in Europe and, partially, Asia. General questions relating to all UEFA associated countries can also be tagged with this tag." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-15T17:10:49.737" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T17:10:49.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1799" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1927" CreationDate="2012-11-02T14:56:08.597" Score="9" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frequently we see fines being levied in Formula One (for example, for unsafe pit lane releases, a team or driver may receive a fine of several thousand dollars &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/285539/mercedes-fined-10-000-for-unsafe-pit-release/&quot;&gt;such as Mercedes earlier this year&lt;/a&gt;). I also note that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/286579/fia-ramps-up-entry-fees-for-2013-season/&quot;&gt;FIA entry fees are pretty massive too&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this money get spent? I'm presuming it's not just to pay for Jean Todt's private jets and limos but I've never heard or read anything about it filtering down to grassroots sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-12T19:24:53.710" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T19:24:53.710" Title="Who benefits from FIA fees and fines?" Tags="|finances|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-02T17:47:39.200" Score="5" ViewCount="7350" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the odds that getting a corner kick result in a goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, I am not asking the percentage of corner kicks that result in a goal. I am after stats from pro-level soccer, for example, the EPL. Anyone know of any others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="893" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T00:23:59.787" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T00:23:59.787" Title="What percentage of football goals originate from corner kicks?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1800" CreationDate="2012-11-02T18:25:36.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is very general and can be change through time and league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the best research I found was from:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.co.il/books?id=WTH-mDx9vUkC&amp;amp;pg=PA225&amp;amp;lpg=PA225&amp;amp;dq=notational+analysis+of+corner+kicks&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=JrtmVIw06h&amp;amp;sig=vLCngPwGmLcjP_CSHAvy3w-zoxg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=7eiJSq7hDYHBlAeE6anmCw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Science and Football V: The Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Science and Football&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;20 English Premier League matched from 2001-02 season were randomly&#xA;  sampled.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The analysed matches resulted in 59 goals scored with 6 (&lt;strong&gt;10.2%&lt;/strong&gt;) as a&#xA;  direct result of corner kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course this can change between leagues and tournaments and through times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources &lt;a href=&quot;http://nordeckeluchador.blogspot.co.il/2009/10/by-el-chupacabra-do-you-get-excited.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.co.il/books?id=WTH-mDx9vUkC&amp;amp;pg=PA225&amp;amp;lpg=PA225&amp;amp;dq=notational+analysis+of+corner+kicks&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=JrtmVIw06h&amp;amp;sig=vLCngPwGmLcjP_CSHAvy3w-zoxg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=7eiJSq7hDYHBlAeE6anmCw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2012-11-02T18:25:36.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1803" CreationDate="2012-11-03T07:42:25.757" Score="22" ViewCount="3960" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible that one shoots from a corner and the ball directly goes into the goal without being hit by other players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this situation occurred in an actual game (I mean not in training)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="536" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:19:34.413" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T13:27:59.297" Title="Is it possible to shoot from a corner so that the ball directly goes into the goal without being hit by other players?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1802" CreationDate="2012-11-03T09:00:35.523" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is possible to score a goal directly from a corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has happened many times in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn71IqxE5A4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;professional leagues across the world&lt;/a&gt; as well as in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYN0fBYR0Qw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;international games&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of goal also has a specific name, being an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=11/news=getting-grips-with-the-gol-olimpico-1537608.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Goal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T13:27:59.297" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T13:27:59.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1800" CreationDate="2012-11-03T10:07:26.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is very broad. However, taking statistics from the 2012-13 English Premiership (Games played till 29-Oct-2012), the total number of goals scored are 262, of which 36 are scored from corners. This gives a percentage figure of 13.74%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The breakup of each team are as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+---------------------+---------------+--------------------+------------+&#xA;|         Team        |  Goals Scored | Goals from Corners | Percentage |&#xA;+---------------------+---------------+--------------------+------------+&#xA;|        Arsenal      |       14      |          1         |    7.14    |&#xA;|      Aston Villa    |        7      |          2         |   28.57    |&#xA;|        Chelsea      |       21      |          1         |    4.76    |&#xA;|        Everton      |       17      |          2         |   11.76    |&#xA;|        Fulham       |       19      |          3         |   15.79    |&#xA;|        Liverpool    |       12      |          1         |    8.33    |&#xA;|    Manchester City  |       18      |          3         |   16.67    |&#xA;|   Manchester United |       24      |          6         |   25.00    |&#xA;|    Newcastle United |       11      |          0         |    0.00    |&#xA;|      Norwich City   |        7      |          1         |   14.29    |&#xA;| Queens Park Rangers |        7      |          0         |    0.00    |&#xA;|       Reading       |       11      |          0         |    0.00    |&#xA;|      Southampton    |       14      |          3         |   21.43    |&#xA;|      Stoke City     |        8      |          2         |   25.00    |&#xA;|      Sunderland     |        6      |          0         |    0.00    |&#xA;|     Swansea City    |       14      |          1         |    7.14    |&#xA;|  Tottenham Hotspur  |       17      |          3         |   17.65    |&#xA;| West Bromwich Albion|       13      |          3         |   23.08    |&#xA;|   West Ham United   |       12      |          2         |   16.67    |&#xA;|    Wigan Athletic   |       10      |          2         |   20.00    |&#xA;+---------------------+---------------+--------------------+------------+&#xA;|        Total        |      262      |         36         |   13.74    |&#xA;+---------------------+---------------+--------------------+------------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-11-03T10:07:26.990" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1807" CreationDate="2012-11-03T23:41:53.497" Score="9" ViewCount="136634" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching college football this afternoon I saw a couple college football players with stickers on the back of their helmets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are there stickers on the back helmets of football players ? Are they badges for recognition? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do all players start the season with a «clean slate» helmet or do stickers remain for a second or third season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T05:56:59.140" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T13:11:39.083" Title="Why are there stickers on helmets of football players in college football" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|helmet|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1805" CreationDate="2012-11-04T09:44:43.527" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more then 40 years Helmet stickers used to signify achievements in college football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ai0nz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example to NCAA helmet stickers&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1965, Miami University in Ohio became the first school to award&#xA;  college football helmet stickers.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The idea originated with assistant coach &lt;strong&gt;Jim Young&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;   As a former World War II fighter pilot, Young recalled the practice of putting small&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  enemy flags on his plane every time he shot down a foe.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  So he convinced the Miami head coach to award tomahawk helmet stickers for extraordinary plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interesting question is &lt;strong&gt;How do college football players earn helmet stickers?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The criteria for those stickers vary between schools, for the majority it is awarded on outstanding plays during a game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Ohio state the stickers are given for outstanding plays during a game but only if the team won this game.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Georgia Dogs get bones stickers, White for football plays, black for academic.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YWmBv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;North Western gives a single sticker for every win.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michigan State and Stanford also give stickers for excellence in practice.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tomahawk stickers can be taken away for negative plays.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illinois has blue decals to reward on-field performance on the left side of the helmet,  and white ones to honor off-field work on the right side.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fBbWd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watch this great video who used me as source -&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=5854843&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The story behind the tradition of helmet stickers in college football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/news?slug=ycn-7533258&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://btn.com/2012/09/12/clothes-call-beckman-adds-helmet-stickers-at-illinois/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T13:11:39.083" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T13:11:39.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1809" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1810" CreationDate="2012-11-05T07:22:33.207" Score="12" ViewCount="6832" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_Nannes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dirk Nannes&lt;/a&gt;, a former Netherlands cricketer now plays for the Australian Cricket team. How is it possible for a single player to play for more than one country. What are the rules for such a scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T10:40:19.717" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T21:05:12.433" Title="Playing for another country" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1809" CreationDate="2012-11-05T08:32:38.307" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the current rules set by ICC, a player is prohibited from representing one country if they have represented another ICC Member at Under 19 level or above, in an ICC sanctioned* match (Test matches, ODIs, ICC Global or regional event) in the immediately preceding four years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*ICC Sanctioned - This only includes the national Under 19 teams in the Under 19 World Cup or any direct qualifying competition for same and the full national side in Tests, ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals. In other words, it does not include under-19 matches played outside the framework of the World Cup, or any national sides outside the full first XI, such as A teams and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been a few players that have represented two countries over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283699.html&quot;&gt;List of players that have represented two nations in Test matches.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283476.html&quot;&gt;List of players that have represented two nations in ODIs.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/records/485107.html&quot;&gt;List of players that have represented two nations in T20Is.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Nannes and Morgan represented 2 nations within the stipulated 4 years. This is because there is a clause stating that players are not disqualified from playing for any Test-playing nation if they are representing ICC Associate members. This allowed Nannes to quit Netherlands and play for Australia and for Morgan to quit Ireland and play for England. However, once a player plays for a Test-playing nation, they would need to wait to re-qualify (4 years) for any future appearances for associate members.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-11-05T08:32:38.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1802" CreationDate="2012-11-05T11:31:54.707" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;A small addition to the answer provided by @Orangecrush:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It certainly happens from time to time, but it would be a strong overstatement to say it's common. Goals from corners are usually due to extreme spin on the ball, external conditions (e.g. strong wind) or a blunder by the goalkeeper; more often than not a combination of these factors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it definitely takes great skill to score from a corner, it's hardly a smart or reliable way to take a corner, as in 9/10 cases it's an easy high ball for the goalie. What's different with Beckham's goal (first example by @Orangecrush) is that it's supposed to be a fast, low cross to the first post which is then hopefully tipped in by a teammate, or an unlucky defender. The fact that it goes in without touching anyone is just the irony of football, well and partially incompetence by both the defenders and the attackers :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps clear up the concept&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-11-05T11:31:54.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1814" CreationDate="2012-11-07T06:43:44.633" Score="-6" ViewCount="965" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the team sports that have been added in the Olympics?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When was football added to the Olympics?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What team sport will be added in Olympics 2016?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who will decide [when Cricket will be added to the Olympics](ICC or Olympics committee)?&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;See: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/255/how-does-a-sport-become-an-olympic-sport?rq=1&quot;&gt;How does a sport become an Olympic Sport?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T00:56:17.623" Title="Team sports in olympics" Tags="|olympics|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1813" CreationDate="2012-11-07T07:19:51.407" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia offers a pretty good list for this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Sports#Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Sports#Summer_Olympics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football was added 1900.&#xA;Rugby sevens will be added 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A list of team sports can be found in the list on wikipedia. &lt;strong&gt;Team sports in 2012 olympics were volleyball, football, badminton, basketball and handball&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket was in the olympics in 1900 only and there is no info when it will be added again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IOC decides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastEditorUserId="869" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T07:45:49.377" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T07:45:49.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2012-11-07T17:45:07.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Start your turns early, which will result in wider turns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use minimal edge; keep board as flat as possible while maintaining control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Look where you're going (ideally, a couple turns ahead), rather than at the trees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="902" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T17:45:07.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1816" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-07T19:21:09.243" Score="5" ViewCount="1755" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a pair of snowboarding boots with a mold-able liner with about 4 seasons on them.  They are high quality boots and the fit used to be amazing. My feet were totally happy at the end of the day, but that's not the case any more.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will re-heat molding them allow me to get another year out of them? What are the pros and cons to this approach vs. purchasing a new pair?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="903" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T19:26:18.297" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T13:31:02.647" Title="Can I remold an packed out pair of boot liners?" Tags="|equipment|skiing|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-11-07T20:03:11.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a first time buyer, I would actually advise you to spend more time worrying about your boots than the board.  Comfortable boots will improve your experience much more than the board will at your skill level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until you are more advanced and know what kind of terrain/style of board you really want, look for a simple All-Mountain board that is in your price range.  Make sure you are in the manufacturer's recommended weight range for the board's length.  Call it bias, but choose a brand that has been around for a while and has reviews online that don't report frequent problems.  Avoid particularly stiff boards or really soft park boards.  You're looking for the happy medium, which most low end boards cater to anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Used Boards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you can have good success with a used board if you are careful. Used boards can save you  a lot of money and make it easier for you to get into the sport.  Alternately, the cash saved on a used board can help you spend more on boots (which I wouldn't buy used, unless the obviously had only been used once or twice) or more lift passes.  Cheaper boards may also let you try a new board more frequently as you are less invested.  Once you really know what you want, I would move on to new boards, ideally last years model. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you buy a used board, if the owner appears trust worth ask how much it's been ridden.  If it has been pretty light, less than 10 or 15 trips, I wouldn't hesitate.  Do a little research into the board to find out what the original cost should have been and, if possible, how it was reviewed or if it showed any common problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You showed also do a solid visual inspection.  Warning flags:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Deep scratches: I would hesitate to buy a used board that had a deep scratches or core shots where you can see the material underneath the outer layer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Base Repairs: If the base has been repaired, the owner probably rode the board pretty hard and/or in poor conditions. Ask about them, and you may also see spots where the repair color clearly doesn't match base of the board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lots of scratches: A lot of scratches, even if none are bad, also indicates the owner  mistreated the board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dull or blunted edges: The board should have a reasonably clean edge.  If the metal edge seems to have suffered a lot of damage or is blunted, don't buy it.  If the owner says the board was tuned for rails, It's not your board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rusty edges or edges peeling from the base: This board was not taken care of when it got home.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any other notable damage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A combination of these that makes you uncomfortable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it looks sketchy, move on.  This is a market where buyers can be picky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="903" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T20:03:11.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1601" CreationDate="2012-11-08T04:35:31.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is ultimately a naming convention for convenience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are by nature more right-handers, both bowlers and batsmen, so it makes some sense that the default, most compact terminology -- offspinner and legspinner -- is made relative to that combination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are more finger spinners than wrist spinners (by nature?), so it makes some sense that among left armers the default, most compact terminology is assigned to the finger spinners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, arguably, bowling left-arm wrist spin is less likely to be successful as a career, because it's harder to do than finger spinning, and you're effectively bowling offspin to the mostly right-handed batsmen, which is less difficult to deal with than legspin.  So as a result of this being on average the least natural way to bowl and possibly the least effective, left-arm wrist spinners are so rare at the top level that they get the most obscure term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to use a methodical and neutral terminology, you can refer to any traditional spin bowler as right/left-arm finger/wrist spin, but try saying that all day long.  And nowadays, with the rise of &quot;mystery spinners&quot;, this categorization is starting to break down, and you will see bowlers listed as &quot;leg break/googly&quot; or some such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(A similar asymmetry exists in baseball, where left-handers are referred to as &quot;southpaws&quot;, but there is no common special term for right-handers.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T04:35:31.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1820" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-08T11:07:21.293" Score="5" ViewCount="497" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only mention of doping in professional football I am aware of is that together with the cyclists in the Fuentes doping network evidence against around 150 other athletes was found including &quot;high profile football players&quot;. Since there is a lot of money and a lot of players involved in international football and there are several relevant aspects that can be improved by performance enhancing drugs I would expect at least some cases of illegal doping in football.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So the question is are there prominent doping cases in professional football and if not is it because of lack of tests or can football generally be considered as clean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:49:12.717" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:49:12.717" Title="How many known doping cases are there in professional football (soccer)?" Tags="|football|statistics|doping|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1820" CreationDate="2012-11-08T13:38:08.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is rather speculative; we can't really give a reason why there are fewer cases in football compared to other sports, without being subjective and speculative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That aside a good starting place to look for information is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; on the matter, there is also &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%3aDoping_cases_in_association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a listing of players&lt;/a&gt; involved in cases, some of which are better known than most others (e.g. Diego Maradona, Frank de Boer, Edgar Davids, Adrian Mutu...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thebigfootball.com/2011/06/doping-in-football.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;another article&lt;/a&gt; which picks up a few specific cases, including Maradona testing positive for &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedrine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ephedrine&lt;/a&gt; after a World Cup 94 game, Jaap Stam (former Dutch national and occasional captain) with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;nandrolone&lt;/a&gt;, Abel Xavier (former Portuguese national) with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabol&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dianabol&lt;/a&gt; (a banned steroid which got him a 12 month ban), and finally Rio Ferdinand (Man Utd and England centreback, occasional captain) due to skipping a doping test. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T13:38:08.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1827" CreationDate="2012-11-08T14:23:41.610" Score="17" ViewCount="11937" Body="&lt;p&gt;When lineouts take place in Rugby Union I have only ever seen Hookers being the player who takes the throw in. Is it in the laws of the game that only a Hooker is allowed to take the throw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is not a requirement why is it the case that they do take all the throws?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="908" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:02:50.070" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T08:19:36.660" Title="Are Hookers the only players allowed to take lineout throws?" Tags="|rules|strategy|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1828" CreationDate="2012-11-08T14:51:43.317" Score="4" ViewCount="1344" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I'm on the course, if I'm not on the tee or close to the green, I seek yard markers or stakes and estimate (by roughly stepping off or eyeing-out) how many yards I have for a given shot. For what it's worth, I have been pleased with my play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the benefits of rangefinders?&lt;/strong&gt; How would a rangefinder make me a better golfer (not from a results perspective, though it would go hand-in-hand, but from a perspective of refining my skills/game)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T15:22:31.823" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T12:06:09.483" Title="Benefits of rangefinders in golf" Tags="|golf|technology|performance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1836" CreationDate="2012-11-08T15:22:08.550" Score="1" ViewCount="467" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Question&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What factors, beyond slopes (left, right, up/downhill), do I need to take into consideration for reading greens?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Background&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I chipped in from off the green for my first birdie in my life (several years ago).  However, I was surprised my chip had a chance let alone went in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I was reading the green, I was led to believe that the undulation of the knob in front of me (see pic below) would feed the ball to the left at its mid-point, and I had slightly pulled the ball left of that. Nonetheless, the ball landed, broke to the right, and found the bottom of the cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/518T9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;view of my chip shot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;View of my chip shot below. The pitchmark at the bottom of the pic was where my ball lied. The mid-point was slightly left of the flag, just about left of the lowest tree branch in the background.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T15:40:59.010" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T17:56:34.940" Title="What factors do I need to take into consideration for reading greens?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2012-11-08T15:30:38.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Rugby Union &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/EN/laws/5/19/182/during-the-match/touch-and-lineout/definitions/#clause_182&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;laws&lt;/a&gt; I find no rule specifying the hooker is the only one that can throw in at lineouts. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineout_%28rugby_union%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia article on lineouts&lt;/a&gt; does not say anything about such a law either. So I think anyone can throw at a lineout if they want to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union_positions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia article on Rugby Union positions&lt;/a&gt; gives an overview on the positions and states the general physical features that those players should have to be successful in the tasks generally assigned to that position. So since every position has specific tasks it is reasonable to assume that those player train them specifically in addition the general task they all share. Since throwing at a lineout seems to involve a lot of training (different throws an tactics on call) it should be done by the players trained for it which are generally the hookers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T15:30:38.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2012-11-08T16:24:25.673" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no law stipulating who has to take the line-out throws. To see why it is the Hooker's job, we can consider a process of elimination of the other positions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, it should not be any of the backs, since they will be needed to execute backline plays (or defend against them) once the ball is cleared from the lineout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider then the forwards. The two props are the heaviest and strongest players on the team. Their strength is best utilised for lifting the lineout jumpers, so they shouldn't take the throws. The back rowers, flankers and number 8 are more nimble smaller players, suited to cleaning up loose balls that are not caught cleanly or quickly moving to support a player who has successfully caught the lineout throw. Someone has to be the jumper and obviously being tall helps. Since the back rowers need to be nimble, they are generally not overly tall. Therefore the second rowers (also called locks) are usually tall players able to be good lineout jumpers. Note that the Hooker needs to be shorter than the props in order to hang off them in the scrums, so they can't be tall and therefore not suited to being jumpers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, by process of elimination we see that the most logical player left over to actually take the throw is the hooker. They are not needed in the backline and would be the least useful forward to participate in the lineout itself, so they instead learn the skill of taking the lineout throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T16:24:25.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1824" CreationDate="2012-11-08T21:26:23.290" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rangefinders can be a valuable tool but to get the greatest benefit it is important to do some homework before setting onto the course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rangefinder provides accurate distances to objects on the golf course but unless you know how far you hit each club then there is little benefit in having the greater accuracy. To get the most use out of a rangefinder it is advisable to accurately measure the average distance you hit a golf ball with each club in your bag, either by using the rangefinder on the practise ground (hit a number of shots with the same club and get the average distance of all the good shots) or if you don't have practise facilities that would allow measuring (like a public driving range) then measure the distance of your shots during each round of golf you play to build up the data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this data in hand a rangefinder provides a lot of benefits during a round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speed up play:&lt;/strong&gt; By removing the need to accurately pace out distances from yard markers, plus club selection requires less thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt; By removing doubt about distance and which club to choose you may feel more confident in your shot. The fewer uncertainties going through your head when taking a shot the better, and being able to know your average performance with a club you can feel confidant that you can reproduce it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decision Making:&lt;/strong&gt; By using a rangefinder to measure the distance to different hazards on the course you can improve your decision making ability. If you can measure the distance needed to clear a fairway bunker you can plan accordingly whether it is worth the risk to attempt, similarly knowing distances can give you confidence in laying up closer to a hazard than you would normally do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivation&lt;/strong&gt; If you keep a track of your average distance for each club with a rangefinder you can track the small improvements you make in your game over time which you may not notice from purely looking at your final score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calculate the effects of slopes and hills&lt;/strong&gt; This is really only a feature of more advanced rangefinders, but some have the function to calculate the elevation of where you are aiming and automatically take this into account and give you a comparative distance to the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Gathering&lt;/strong&gt; A rangefinder is the most convenient tool for gathering distance information on how far you hit each club. Just knowing this information gives you an advantage over many other players you'll play against.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The caveat to all this is that if you wish to actually compete in tournaments many clubs forbid the use of rangefinders, or if they are allowed they often must be the type that only give information about distances (some more advnaced one can calculate distance taking into account the slope of the course and possible changes to distance due to atmospheric conditions!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="908" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T21:26:23.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1830" CreationDate="2012-11-08T21:32:31.300" Score="16" ViewCount="5711" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this potential situation the batting team has a recognized batsman and a tail ender at the crease, the recognized batsman is facing the last ball of the over and the fielding team therefore would prefer that either: he doesn't score any runs, scores 2 runs or scores a boundary so that at the start of the next over the tail ender will be on strike and not the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposing he hits the ball into the outfield but only takes a single run so that he retains the strike, would it be possible for the fielding team to deliberately kick the ball over the rope so that 4 runs are scored and the tail ender will then be on strike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly the situation would be pretty unsporting!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="908" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T19:47:30.230" Title="Can a fielder deliberately kick the ball over the boundary rope to keep a batsman on strike?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1829" CreationDate="2012-11-09T01:50:28.350" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.7&lt;/a&gt; in the MCC Laws of Cricket states that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the boundary results from an overthrow or from the wilful act of a fielder the runs scored shall be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) any runs for penalties awarded to either side AND&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) the allowance for the boundary AND&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) the runs completed by the batsmen, together with the run in progress if they had already crossed at the instant of the throw or act.&#xA;Law 18.12(b) (Batsman returning to wicket he has left) shall apply as from the instant of the throw or act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In our case, this would mean that the single that the batsman took is awarded as well as the boundary, thereby adding 5 runs to the batting team. As the single is considered, the recognized batsman will face the first delivery of the new over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umpires.tv/armchair/kicking_ball_over_boundary_ARC.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T20:53:04.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1832" CreationDate="2012-11-09T14:29:10.647" Score="13" ViewCount="46701" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the English Premier League, the league standing is decided using total points scored over the season, then goal difference, then goals scored - in that order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What happens if two (or more) teams are tied in all three stats? Are teams then ranked on the results between them?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What other methods exist to rank teams (other than the one I mentioned and points averages, like they use in Argentina)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="890" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-08-05T08:17:54.497" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T11:52:39.793" Title="Tiebreakers to decide league position in football (soccer)?" Tags="|football|statistics|ranking|english-premier-league|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1831" CreationDate="2012-11-09T15:21:08.147" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/publications&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Premier League Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;two teams are tied if the positions are irrelevant&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e. no relegation or cup qualification is affected):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C.7&lt;/strong&gt;: Subject to Rule C.17, if any two or more Clubs have scored the same number of points, have the same goal difference and have scored the same number of goals in League Matches in that Season; they shall be deemed to occupy the same position in the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In listed tables for this case, the tied teams are typically listed in alphabetical order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the positions are significant, &lt;strong&gt;the teams play off for the position&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C.14&lt;/strong&gt;: If at the end of the Season either the League Champions or the Clubs to be relegated or the question of qualification for other competitions cannot be determined because two or more Clubs are equal on points, goal difference and goals scored, the Clubs concerned shall play off one or more deciding League Matches on neutral grounds, the format, timing and venue of which shall be determined by the Board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Another regularly-used system (e.g. in European cup competition) is results between the teams that are tied on points (as you mentioned in part 1). e.g. In a league with Team A, Team B Team C and Team D, if Teams A B and C have the same number of points, a hypothetical league involving only fixtures between the tied teams is used to establish the relative ranking of those teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="911" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T11:52:39.793" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T11:52:39.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1834" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1995" CreationDate="2012-11-09T19:41:25.900" Score="7" ViewCount="35954" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having seen various articles about football managers and coaches who believe bladed football boots to be a safety hazard and knowing that some football teams have banned their use, I was wondering what the supposed advantages of blades are?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an actual advantage to the use of blades rather than studs or is it perhaps more of just a fashion choice by the manufacturer? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="908" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T12:26:17.377" Title="What are the advantages of football boots with blades rather than traditional studs?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1825" CreationDate="2012-11-09T20:29:38.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Grain of the grass&lt;/strong&gt;  This is the direction that the grass lays.  If you have to put across the grain of the grass you can find that the ball moves off line even though it is very flat.  The movement isn't usually much but an inch over 20 feet can result in quite a few missed puts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Condition of the green.  If there are areas of uneven grass growth, places where the green has been repaired with sod, ball marks.  If one or more of these is in the line of your putt you can have unexpected movement.  You can repair ball marks and green damage in your line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) the player may remove loose impediments, provided he does not&#xA;  press anything down (loose impediments may be removed by any means,&#xA;  e.g. with the putter head, a glove, the back of a hand, or even with a&#xA;  brush!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ii) the player may place the club in front of the ball when&#xA;  addressing it, provided he does not press anything down (this is a&#xA;  practice sometimes used by players as part of their putting routine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(iii) in measuring - Rule 18-6 (e.g. to see whose ball is further from&#xA;  the hole)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(iv) in lifting or replacing the ball - Rule 16-1b&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(v) in pressing down a ball-marker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(vi) in repairing old hole plugs or ball marks on the putting green -&#xA;  Rule 16-1c (but remember that no other damage to the putting green may&#xA;  be repaired on the line of putt, e.g. spike marks or flagstick damage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(vii) in removing movable obstructions - Rule 24-1 (remember that if&#xA;  you accidentally move your ball while removing anything from the&#xA;  putting green, whether it is natural or artificial, there is no&#xA;  penalty and the ball must be replaced, Rules 23-1 and 24-1a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.barryrhodes.com/2011/06/line-of-putt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T20:29:38.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1839" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-11-10T09:11:54.183" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T09:11:54.183" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T09:11:54.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1840" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-11-10T09:11:54.183" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the either the pitch on which cricket is played or the pieces of stick that the bowler tries to break to get a batsman out." OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-11T20:14:17.403" LastActivityDate="2012-11-11T20:14:17.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1902" CreationDate="2012-11-10T23:53:25.493" Score="5" ViewCount="2903" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened recently in a high school game I was watching and it appeared that the referees did not know exactly how to enforce it. &lt;strong&gt;While this happened in a high school game, I am curious about the enforcement at all levels of play.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A kicks off to Team B to start the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On the final play of the first half, Team A scores a touchdown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A attempts an extra point (PAT) with no time left in the half&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The extra point is good, however Team B commits a personal foul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A elects to have the penalty enforced on the ensuing kickoff&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where it is a little strange, Team A will never have an ensuing kickoff. Because Team A kicked off to start the game, they will receive to start the second half. Is the penalty still enforced on Team B's kickoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the game I saw, the officials did not allow Team A to elect to enforce the penalty on the ensuing kickoff (after Team A actually already had elected it, and the referees had to discuss) and instead enforced a penalty of half the distance to the goal and had Team A retry the PAT. However, as I said, it did not appear that the officials knew what to do and may have enforced it incorrectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T15:23:00.803" Title="How is a penalty enforced on an extra point to end the half?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1845" CreationDate="2012-11-12T10:58:15.930" Score="4" ViewCount="1345" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that a batsman or a bowler will be given warning for some activities like running on the pitch, moving from the original fielding position before bowling, starts running before bowling,..etc.&#xA;Totally, how many warnings will be given for a player for a single match?&#xA;After crossing that limitations,what actions will be taken on them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Promote your answer with some examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T11:34:23.423" Title="How many warnings will be given for a player?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1844" CreationDate="2012-11-12T11:34:23.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Warnings for different actions are separate. There is no accumulation of such warnings across different categories. The Laws of cricket still in general allow the Umpires a great deal of discretion in how things such as warnings are applied. Umpires will often talk to the players and captain informally before issuing formal warnings as stipulated under the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, if a player has done many bad things in a game in a poor spirit, the match referee has discretion to issue post match fines and/or suspensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T11:34:23.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2012-11-13T11:42:15.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The little I know on the matter is that the blades are generally assumed/claimed to have better grip when the pitch is too dry/hard for the studs to have a proper grip on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have played both with studs and blades, on amateur leagues, and can't really claim to have a remarkable difference. I would argue that the fit of the shoe is much more significant than the type/shape of the &quot;teeth&quot;. That being said I also accept that my knowledge on the subject is rather little, and would like to see a more complete answer, with references.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(great question btw, stands to show that not all equipment questions are off-topic/subjective)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T11:42:15.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1852" CreationDate="2012-11-14T06:09:29.357" Score="8" ViewCount="48346" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many bouncers are allowed to be bowled in a single over?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can bowlers bowl another bouncer, if another batsman is facing in the same over?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the limited height for bouncing the ball (neck or shoulder of batsman)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any differences in laws on bouncers between different forms of cricket?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T15:18:55.067" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T07:25:38.027" Title="Number of bouncers per over" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1851" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1853" CreationDate="2012-11-14T07:41:33.357" Score="11" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;Next year in summer I want to take part in my first &lt;strong&gt;triathlon&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;The distances will be &lt;strong&gt;400m-750m swimming / 20km cycling / 2-5km running&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there shoes that work for cycling (with click system) and running as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it better to have two separate pairs that can be changed quickly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(So far I have only done swimming and cycling, so I don't have any shoes for running yet.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="924" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2022-11-27T20:08:35.727" LastActivityDate="2022-11-27T20:08:35.727" Title="What kind of shoes are suitable for a Novice/Sprint triathlon?" Tags="|equipment|running|cycling|swimming|triathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1850" CreationDate="2012-11-14T11:43:29.477" Score="7" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The number of bouncers allowed per over irrespective of the batsmen facing is 1 in ODI's and T20's but two in Test matches . But the current rule change which is yet to be implemented will allow bowlers to bowl two bouncers irrespective of the format of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No. Number bouncers is only per over not per batsman .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Any pitched ball above shoulder is a bouncer. If the ball bounces above the head of the batsman , then the delivery will be called a wide(provided the batsman doesn't touch the ball)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yeah, Currently law of bouncers is different for different formats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T07:25:38.027" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T07:25:38.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1851" CreationDate="2012-11-15T03:31:48.370" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;For short course triathlon as you suggest it is not worth worrying this much about shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either use pedals with clips and straps (cages if you will) and ride in your running shoes, or else switch shoes in transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your runners, they sell &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B002AS9S7Q&quot;&gt;stretchy laces&lt;/a&gt; so you can slip the shoes on, no need to retie the laces.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will minimize transition time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running shoes that are properly fit to you are way more important than anything else.  You can ride a bike in sneakers or in road shoes, but you cannot run in improper shoes for very long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-11-15T03:31:48.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1850" CreationDate="2012-11-15T05:01:16.833" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 1st October 2012, the number of allowed bouncers per over is 2 for Test Matches, 2 for ODIs (changed from 1), and 1 for Twenty20 Internationals.  Each of these is above shoulder height.  In addition, any ball above head height is wide.  If you bowl too many bouncers in an over (no matter to which batsman), you get warned twice and taken off at the third time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that these are ICC playing conditions.  The Laws of Cricket use a slightly different distinction.  There, any ball above head height is a no ball (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 42.6(ii)&lt;/a&gt;).  The Laws also give the umpire more flexibility (or less guidance, if you will), about calling wides and intervening for dangerous bowling.  So if you are playing in a league match or a friendly, check your local playing conditions or clarify the interpretation of the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(There is a subtle difference between these two sets of rules, because you can get stumped off a wide but not off a no ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T12:33:29.290" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T12:33:29.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1856" CreationDate="2012-11-15T05:23:59.580" Score="7" ViewCount="26803" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came to know that a batsman can be stumped out off a wide ball but not off a no-ball (Is it correct?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the possibilities to dismiss batsmen, off a noball, a wide ball, a freehit ball and two or three pitched(dead)ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T10:00:17.743" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T05:45:01.903" Title="Possible dismissals off a noball, wide ball and free hit" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1855" CreationDate="2012-11-15T11:03:33.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you are right when you say that a batsman can be stumped off a wide but not off a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No Ball dismissals - hitting the ball twice, obstructing the field and run out (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.8&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wide dismissals -  hit wicket, obstructing the field, run out and stumped. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.9&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Freehit dismissals - hitting the ball twice, obstructing the field and run out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.7&lt;/a&gt; states that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball bouncing more than once or rolling along the ground&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire shall call and signal No ball if a ball which he/she considers to have been delivered, without having previously touched bat or person of the striker, bounces more than once or rolls along the ground before it reaches the popping crease&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in such cases the delivery is considered a no-ball and the same rules of a no-ball apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T05:45:01.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1858" CreationDate="2012-11-16T14:13:48.013" Score="3" ViewCount="2914" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player announced his retirement from international sports, Can he get back his retirement and play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who will decide on that(either the player or the country's sports authorities)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:32:35.437" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:13:56.100" Title="Can a player play after retirement?" Tags="|rules|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1857" CreationDate="2012-11-16T15:00:23.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short &lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many examples of retired players who made a &quot;comeback&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player decides to retire it is his or her personal decision, they can do whatever they decide to do.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know anything about Cricket so I will refer to your question in general:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case the player decides to do a &quot;comeback&quot; we can divide the &quot;comeback&quot; to 2 categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Personal sports (Like Tennis) - The player can register to play in the tournament like any other &quot;unretired&quot; player, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Clijsters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kim Clijsters&lt;/a&gt; who announced her retirement from professional tennis on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Clijsters#2007:_Retirement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; and made a comeback on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Clijsters#2009:_Comeback&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; and even returned to 1st place in the WTA rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Team sports (Like Basketball) - The player can announce a &quot;comeback&quot; and will need to find a team that will want him, or that his international team will called him up to play like every other Free Player. The best example is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jordan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/a&gt; who retired 3 times! 2 from Basketball and 1 from Baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about other athletes who made a comeback at the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.santabanta.com/showthread.htm?277955-15-Athletes-Who-Retired-and-Came-Back&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;discussion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referring to your focusing on Cricket and international performance I found this player: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Hogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Brad Hogg&lt;/a&gt; as an example to a player who retire from international cricket on 27 February 2008 and made his comeback 2 years later On 1 February 2012 representing Australia at the Sydney Olympic Stadium in a Twenty20 international against India.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T01:43:33.517" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T01:43:33.517" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1860" CreationDate="2012-11-17T07:22:26.823" Score="3" ViewCount="869" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the profiles of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/35320.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sachin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/7133.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ponting&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/19296.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pietersen&lt;/a&gt; and some other international players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that stats shows that no. of their List-A matches are greater than no of their Odis,this only raised me the question,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Does the List-A matches include One day internationals&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the players had their stats in list-A matches less than their ODI's stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The no. of their First-class matches and Twenty20 matches are greater than no of their Tests and T20I stats respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2012-11-17T10:47:00.663" Title="Does the List-A matches include One day internationals" Tags="|cricket|statistics|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1859" CreationDate="2012-11-17T10:47:00.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer this in a simple way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tests&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; 5 day games that a player plays for his/her national team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ODIs&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; 50 over games that a player plays for his/her national team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20Is&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; 20 over games that a player plays for his/her national team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First-class&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; International test matches + Test matches in domestic leagues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;List A&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; ODIs + 50 over games played in domestic leagues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; T20Is + 20 over games played in domestic leagues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-11-17T10:47:00.663" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1919" CreationDate="2012-11-19T20:25:23.133" Score="4" ViewCount="1891" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might be applicable to any worldwide major sport, but I'm most familiar with how it pertains to the 4 North American major sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it mean when a player files their &quot;retirement papers&quot; with their respective league?  I know in the NFL or MLB it starts the clock for when you can be considered for the Hall of Fame.  But does that process categorize the athlete in other ways?  I think I also heard that you have to go through some formal reinstatement process in order to play again (Brett Favre and Michael Jordan are good examples).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the terms of these retirement papers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-10T17:40:37.217" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T20:43:20.600" Title="What does &quot;filing retirement papers&quot; actually mean?" Tags="|rules|transaction|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1863" CreationDate="2012-11-20T03:50:18.167" Score="24" ViewCount="107906" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the greatest possible number of red cards that a referee can give in a football match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does such a limit even exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, does it vary from league to league and tournament to tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="521" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T06:46:06.057" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T06:46:06.057" Title="What is the maximum number of red cards that a referee can give in a football match?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1862" CreationDate="2012-11-20T04:33:54.913" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no limit to the number of red cards that a referee can give, though the game would be stopped as soon as there are less than 7 players of a team remaining legally on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290827.html&quot;&gt;Law 3 in the FIFA Law Book&lt;/a&gt;, there cannot be less than 7 players of a team, on the field during play. In effect, a maximum of 4 on-field players of the same team can be dismissed. Once 5 on-field players (substitutes do not count) of the same team are red carded, the match ends.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If the referee has red-carded 4 players and all 7 substitutes of each team (22 players in total), &lt;strong&gt;the game can still continue&lt;/strong&gt;, provided there are no further red cards to players of either side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The law (for continuation of the game) however, states only the on-field players. There is no limit to the number of red cards that can be shown to the substitutes on the bench, the manager and the coaching staff. Also, red cards can be handed to the on-field players/substitutes/coaching staff after the game has ended based on the referee reports and video analysis (wherever applicable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/referee-brandishes-36-red-cards-in-one-match-2232288.html&quot;&gt;most red-cards handed out in a single match&lt;/a&gt; is during a fifth tier Argentinian league game between Claypole and Victoriano Arenas, where 36 red cards were shown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-27T18:14:43.453" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T18:14:43.453" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1864" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-20T14:20:12.333" Score="3" ViewCount="8451" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do players have pension benefits or retirement plans?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike other employees, they can't work until the age of 65 and usually have a second career after they retire from their sport, generally before the age of 40.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there something official?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-10T17:34:56.983" LastActivityDate="2013-05-10T17:34:56.983" Title="Do sport players have pension rights?" Tags="|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1864" CreationDate="2012-11-20T14:20:12.333" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All major leagues in USA have Players Association who have official pension benefits plan for their players.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Those plans contain retirement benefits and other rights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players are eligible for a pension from the players association league they belong in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nflplayers.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Football League Players Association&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nflalumniasssociation.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/nfl-player-retirement-plan.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Full NFL pension plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NFL Players Association retirement plan package includes four&#xA;  plans:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Severance Pay Plan: A player with two credited NFL seasons (on the active roster, injured reserved or physically unable to perform list&#xA;  for three games in each of two seasons), receives $10,000 for every&#xA;  year played between 1993 and 1999 and $12,500 for every year from 2000&#xA;  on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player Annuity Program: A player with four credited NFL seasons receives an annuity valued at $65,000 at age 35 or five years after&#xA;  his last credited season, whichever is later.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second-Career Savings Plan or 401(K): A player with two credited seasons will receive a $2 match for every $1 contributed to the plan&#xA;  up to a maximum club contribution of $20,000 per year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle Retirement Plan (pension): A player with at least three credited seasons earns a benefit credit for every season&#xA;  he plays. The benefit credits add up to monthly pension checks that&#xA;  player receive starting at age 55.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbpa.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Basketball Players Association (NBPA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbpa.org/sites/default/files/Article%20IV.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Full NBA pension plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pension plan in the NBA is calculated as $306 for every month in the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For example Gary Payton played in the NBA for 17 seasons or 204 months.&#xA;  204x306=62,424. Gary Payton's pension will be $62,424 per year or&#xA;  $5,202 per month. A player with only three years in the NBA would get&#xA;  $11, 016 per year or $918 per month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pension is eligable to players strating the age of 50, &#xA;A player can opt to collect the pension at the age of 45 but only 2/3 of what it would be at 50.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The minimum season to be eligible to NBA pension is three seasons of playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlbplayers.mlb.com/pa/index.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball Players Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bizofbaseball.com/docs/MLBPABenefitsPlan.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Full MLB pension plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Arguably, Major League Baseball (“MLB”) offers one of the best pension&#xA;  and healthcare programs in all of sports. Players vest in their&#xA;  pensions after 43 days on the active roster and just one day qualifies&#xA;  a player for lifetime healthcare. Playing isn’t even a requirement,&#xA;  benchwarmers may qualify for benefits as well. After 43 days, players&#xA;  qualify for the minimum benefit of $34,000 per year and those with 10&#xA;  years of service receive a pension of approximately $100,000 annually.&#xA;  In 2010, the MLB Players’ Pension Plan reported assets of over $1.3&#xA;  billion for approximately 8,200 participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlpa.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Hockey League Players Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlfa.com/CBA/cba_agreement21.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Full NHL pension plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21.2.    Basic Plan Benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Each player entitled to a full credited year of service for the 1993/94 playing season and thereafter shall have allocated and&#xA;  credited to an account established in his name, for his sole benefit,&#xA;  the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) for players who have received credit for less than 400 games played, the amount of $8,000 CDN per year; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ii) for players who have received credit for 400 games played or more, the amount of $12,500 CDN per year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://savannahnow.com/adam-van-brimmer/2006-09-29/qualifying-nfl-pension-big-deal-players#.UKuD8Icz18E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://changwatters.com/?page_id=557&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lvrj.com/sports/pension-is-players-safety-net-84371812.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://benefitsbryancave.com/major-league-baseball-pension-and-healthcare-benefits/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://fehrtheewell.com/2012/06/28/understanding-the-cba-pension-plan/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T22:11:51.163" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T22:11:51.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1866" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-11-20T14:36:50.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pension is a contract for a fixed sum to be paid regularly to a person, typically following retirement from service&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T15:04:20.090" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T15:04:20.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1867" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-11-20T14:36:50.233" Score="0" Body="Regarding questions containing reference to pension of an athletes." OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T15:04:12.703" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T15:04:12.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="189" CreationDate="2012-11-21T12:16:37.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's really much simpler than this. The marathon doctors have been recommending the following for a few years now, with the risk of hyponatremia in mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you're thirsty, drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Citations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Runner's World&lt;/em&gt; magazine, 2005: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/drinks-hydration/how-much-should-you-drink-during-marathon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;How much should you drink during a marathon?&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (references, in particular, Tim Noakes, author of the widely-respected &lt;em&gt;Lore of Running&lt;/em&gt; and author of the IMMDA statement below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Georgetown University Medical Center, 2007: &lt;a href=&quot;http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=25347&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Runners: Let thirst be your guide&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2013/09/20/bjsports-2013-092417.abstract&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Current hydration guidelines are erroneous: dehydration does not impair exercise performance in the heat&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatf.org/groups/Coaches/library/2007/hydration/IMMDAAdvisoryStatement.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this 2001 statement&lt;/a&gt; from the International Marathon Medical Directors Association (IMMDA), which concludes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Accordingly perhaps the wisest advice that can be provided to athletes in marathon races is that they should drink &lt;em&gt;ad libitum&lt;/em&gt; and aim for ingestion rates that never exceed about 800 ml per hour.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2013-09-25T15:08:15.307" LastActivityDate="2013-09-25T15:08:15.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1869" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1870" CreationDate="2012-11-21T14:40:25.460" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;August&lt;/strong&gt; 2012, roughly several weeks after the trade deadline, the Red Sox and the Dodgers made a &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/8302304/boston-red-sox-send-adrian-gonzalez-carl-crawford-los-angeles-dodgers-blockbuster-trade&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;trade&lt;/a&gt; in which the Red Sox sent players, worth over $250 million in remaining salary, to the Dodgers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has been widely understood that &lt;strong&gt;July 31st&lt;/strong&gt; is the trade deadline for the MLB each season. &lt;strong&gt;How could a trade take place after the trade deadline?&lt;/strong&gt; Were there special circumstances that allowed this trade to go through?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-21T14:59:34.953" LastActivityDate="2012-11-21T15:19:43.977" Title="How could a trade take place after the trade deadline?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1869" CreationDate="2012-11-21T14:46:12.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;July 31st is the &quot;non-waiver deadline.&quot; This is widely understood as the &quot;trade deadline&quot; because trades after this date are rare and more difficult to make.&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_(sports)#MLB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up to August 31st, the &quot;waiver deadline,&quot; trades still can go through. However, players must be put on waivers and clear it before a trade is successfully made.&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_(sports)#MLB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1869/how-could-a-trade-take-place-after-the-trade-deadline/1870#comment3306_1870&quot;&gt;wax eagle&lt;/a&gt; notes, teams may continue making trades after August 31st. However, players who are acquired after August 31st are ineligible for postseason play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Red Sox-Dodgers trade, the players involved were placed on waivers and cleared it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-11-21T15:19:43.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1873" CreationDate="2012-11-21T23:09:46.907" Score="5" ViewCount="387" Body="&lt;p&gt;The news report on &lt;a href=&quot;http://au.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2010-2011/shakhtar-s-luiz-adriano-charged-over-cheat-goal_sto3500507/story.shtml&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site describes how Luiz Adriano scored an unsportsmanlike goal...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Adriano...rounded the Danish club's keeper to score after an&#xA;  uncontested drop-ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and will reportedly face disciplinary charges. I am not familiar with the finer points of the written and unwritten rules and etiquette that apply in the situation, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/19066.pdf&quot;&gt;Article 5, UEFA Disciplinary Regulations&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the situation that lead to this goal and what did he do wrong? What is a player supposed to do instead in this situation? Did he violate an explicit law or a gentlemanly convention? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2012-11-22T02:00:48.410" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T02:00:48.410" Title="What did Luiz Adriano do wrong in scoring a 'cheat goal'?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1872" CreationDate="2012-11-22T00:41:47.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal is totally valid, and I really doubt he will face any disciplinary charges. The play was stopped by the referee because a player was lying on the field after a challenge. To restart the match, the ref has to drop a ball (law 8 - dropped ball) to restart the match. Usually there is no rule about who will keep the ball, but implicit rules usually make the team that not have the ball, to give it to the opposite team, sending it out, or kicking it far in the other team field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was in fact kicked far to the opposite field, but Adriano run for it and made a goal. He just violated a gentleman convention. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T00:41:47.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1384" CreationDate="2012-11-22T04:36:26.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There would be some confusion of calls around the line of scrimmage. KeithS has a good point on intentional grounding. Also, an offensive lineman could be behind the LOS but potentially block a defender on the other side. If the defensive lineman jumps while a forward pass is thrown and the lineman continues to block, would that be considered pass interference? Tough call. Because once a forward pass crosses the LOS, both the offense and the defense have a right to the ball without contact being made by an opponent until the ball is touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a version called 6-Man football (Played primarily in Texas high schools and a few other states) where all players are elligible for a forward pass. There are a lot of other rules to open up this game and makes it pretty exciting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T04:36:26.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="502" CreationDate="2012-11-22T04:41:09.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have confused incentives paid by the team (legal) with those provided by other players (illegal). Players cannot offer one another performance based financial incentives. Some players will provide gifts to their teammates who helped with their performance. Usually a running back will take the lineman out to dinner if they get a rushing title. A QB would not be allowed to pay a lineman money for preventing sacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T04:41:09.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="149" CreationDate="2012-11-22T04:56:34.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many defenses will number different positions on the offensive lineman to indicate where the defender should line up. It's used as a short-cut. Each team can have their own system. Here are some that are the commonly accepted ones you'll hear on TV:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0 - head up on center&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 - outside shoulder of center&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 - inside should of the guard&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 - outside shoulder of the guard&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4- inside shoulder of the Tackle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5 - outside should of the tackle (a wide &quot;5&quot; is common for pass rushers)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 - inside shoulder of the tight end&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 - outside shoulder of the tight end&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These apply to both the left and right sides of the defense. Here is one explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.denverpost.com/premium/broncos/ci_14630467&quot;&gt;http://www.denverpost.com/premium/broncos/ci_14630467&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sonsofsamhorn.net/topic/55895-3-technique-vs-5-technique/&quot;&gt;http://sonsofsamhorn.net/topic/55895-3-technique-vs-5-technique/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-25T02:09:28.377" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T02:09:28.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1877" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-22T05:03:18.210" Score="11" ViewCount="15810" Body="&lt;p&gt;The top rushing teams in college football are running some form of the wishbone/triple-option and some are doing it with less size and speed (military academies). It doesn't appear that defenses have &quot;figured it out&quot;. Why don't more teams run it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: I would consider flex-bone in the same category as the true wishbone. Many spread teams are running some form of option including triple option. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastEditorUserId="931" LastEditDate="2012-12-26T18:54:09.513" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T05:17:34.480" Title="What happened to the wishbone?" Tags="|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1878" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1896" CreationDate="2012-11-22T20:07:16.417" Score="10" ViewCount="515" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Nov 22, 2012 Detroit Lions/Houston Texans game, Lions head coach Jim Schwartz challenged a scoring play where the runner appeared to be down by contact.  Since scoring plays are automatically reviewed, Schwartz was correctly penalized for unsportsmanlike conduct.  However, it does not appear there was any review of the play at all.  What exactly happened, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:18:59.323" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:18:59.323" Title="Why wasn't Schwartz's challenge during the Thanksgiving Lions/Texans reviewed?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1878" CreationDate="2012-11-22T22:49:30.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Houston RB Justin Forsett touched the field (knee and elbow) and should have been called down. The play would have been reviewed, as are all scoring plays, and the ruling on the field would have been overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Schwartz threw the challenge flag on a play he couldn't challenge by rule, the play could no longer be reviewed. Instead, The ruling on the field stands and the offending team also gets a 15 yard penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="932" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T22:49:30.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1790" CreationDate="2012-11-23T07:03:30.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not very easy to say what you are doing wrong while bowling in indoor cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a person who has never played indoor cricket, I cannot pin-point any differences. However, while I play with leather balls and tennis balls, I notice that there is a marked difference in batting and bowling techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Timing the ball is of utmost importance while &lt;strong&gt;batting&lt;/strong&gt; in leather ball cricket and hitting the ball hard is optional, as timing can get the ball to the boundary with very little effort. However in tennis ball cricket, timing is obsolete and power is everything as the ball is very light comparatively and hardly has any momentum while travelling forward compared to a leather ball. I guess the same goes with indoor cricket, as there isn't a huge distance for the ball to be covered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjustment I try to make during &lt;strong&gt;bowling&lt;/strong&gt; with a tennis ball is to knock off the pace for beginners, which forces genuine batsmen to use all their power in getting the ball over the infield or to the boundary. To tail-enders and players who find batting hard, I bowl with full speed which gives them less time to adjust to a particular shot, thereby increasing my changes of getting a wicket. The other adjustment is with the length. As there is no swing with a tennis ball, I drop try to pitch the ball on the short of length spot. This is basically to prevent the batsman from freely swinging his arms to a length/half volley ball. However, the margin of error in tennis ball is very less. Bowl a little forward, the batsman swings you over long-on/off. Drop the ball short and the ball literally stops and stands to be hit over cover or mid-wicket or hooked to the square-leg boundary. Apart from this, variety (quicker/slower deliveries, off/leg cutters, etc) also keeps batsman guessing as to what will come next and increases a chance of a dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that the balls used in indoor cricket are lighter than the actual leather balls used in outdoor cricket, the above tips might be of help. It takes a bit of practice and knowledge of the places where you can pitch the ball which can help you as you go along. This generally comes with experience. So, I guess the answer would be to play and learn as you go along with each practice session or match and thereby fine-tuning your bowling strengths to indoor cricket bowling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T07:12:03.677" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T07:12:03.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1881" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1882" CreationDate="2012-11-23T15:46:01.733" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;With all the reshuffling of teams in college sports, for instance Rutgers and Maryland to the Big Ten, I was wondering if there was a past NCAA conference that has ever dissolved? Because I see this possibly happening to the Big East with all the changes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-11-21T02:21:17.960" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T02:21:17.960" Title="Has an NCAA conference ever dissolved?" Tags="|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1881" CreationDate="2012-11-23T18:36:37.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Big 8 and the Southwest Conference.  A combination of teams from both ended up in the Big 12.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T18:36:37.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1884" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1886" CreationDate="2012-11-24T09:16:06.883" Score="1" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;Test cricket matches are being played since 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, Why these test matches are not played under lights(ie, day and night matches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will increase the audience for test cricket and also the standard of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T13:39:50.500" Title="Why Day and Night test matches were not played yet?" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-02-11T12:21:30.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="908" CreationDate="2012-11-25T10:51:30.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not so much a drill but a thought process in how you swing the club - I think the key to this is what you do in the backswing, not the downswing.  If you set yourself up well in the backswing then the downswing will take care of itself (i.e. I'll bet your head is coming up in the backswing too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try to imagine yourself rotating within a barrel when you swing the club and try to keep your belt-line level throughout the backswing.  With the longer clubs (esp. the driver) we're told that the motion should be a longer sweeping one to encourage you to sweep the ball off the tee on the up-swing. Whilst correct this can also encourage more lateral/sideways body movement on the backswing, which if taken to extremes can result in a lifting of the head/upper body - your hands and arms go back and up in the backswing and your upper body follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me having a mental image that I'm rotating my shoulders around two fixed points (i.e. my head and my feet firmly planted on the ground) works very well because it prevents me from swaying, which in my case can cause me to &quot;stand up&quot; on the backswing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nick Bradley proposes a &quot;3 barrels&quot; visualisation in his book, which I can very much  recommend:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.uk/Seven-Laws-Golf-Swing/dp/1846075483/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1353838986&amp;amp;sr=1-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The 7 Laws of the Golf Swing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a bit technical at times, but really gives you an understanding of how the golf swing should work, and includes some great skeletal illustrations unlike any I've seen in other books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="937" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T10:51:30.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1884" CreationDate="2012-11-25T13:07:21.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is very subjective. This can be asked about any rule in cricket or any other sport saying why this and not that. I can, however, speculate and attempt an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though test cricket is being played for more than a century, playing under lights &lt;em&gt;regularly&lt;/em&gt; is only a thing of the last decade and a half. Most stadiums in all cricket playing countries started investing in infrastructure for flood light cricket only by the mid-nineties and early noughties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flood light cricket has its own share of limitations, so as to speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Colour of the ball - The traditional cherry or the red leather ball is harder to pick under lights. Therefore, there was a need to have a different coloured ball which was easier for the batsman to pick. This gave rise to the white ball which was used along with black sight screens instead of the white screens used in test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lifetime of the ball - The white ball gets dirty very quickly in comparison to the red one and batsmen find it harder to spot while facing deliveries off faster bowlers. The white ball loses its shine quickly thereby diminishing the main weapon of faster bowlers in test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The Swing - The white ball does not swing as much as the red ball when it is new.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Dew factor - This does not allow spinners to grip the ball under lights late in the evening. As most of the spinners are finger spinners, this would be a major issue especially in the sub continent where spinners are considered rulers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only guess that while people in charge were finding solutions and alternatives for some of the above mentioned problems, we stuck by day cricket. Now that day and night tests have been tested at county level and have been approved by the ICC, we can only wait and watch the results of whether it adds to the charm of test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-26T13:39:50.500" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T13:39:50.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1000" CreationDate="2012-11-25T19:39:57.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the reason for only left turn in races is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the races take place in the northern hemisphere. Coriolis force affects and will naturally make water, wind, etc turn or swing in the anti-clockwise direction. Going clockwise in the northern hemisphere would be going against nature. Since racing started in the northern hemisphere a trend must have been set.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="938" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T15:55:51.953" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T15:55:51.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2012-11-26T00:58:15.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Defenses have indeed, &quot;figured it out&quot;. The top 4 rushing teams that run the Wishbone/Triple-Option&amp;mdash;Georgia Tech, Air Force, Army, and Navy&amp;mdash;are a combined 21-35.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they are successful running the ball with all four being in the top 6 in rushing in the FBS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams approach this offense by containing the rush and funneling the play up the middle. This limits big gains and forces the offense to put together drives of 10-15 plays. Inevitably, a penalty or error derails a drive and they are left in a 3rd and long situation. This offense is not built to overcome long down and distances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In response to comments below..&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The legitimacy and effectiveness of an offensive system can be measured by the number of points it is able to produce. The object of the game, after all, is to score more points than your opponent. Wins and losses is an easy, but maybe too simple, way of judging this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The four prominent Wishbone/Triple-Option teams have scored 1,334 points. That's good for 333 on average which would place them on the list of FBS scoring offense at 71 out of 134. Teams that have finished 71st in scoring offense in the past 5 years have combined for a win loss record of 29 - 33.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last time a Wishbone led offense won a National Championship was in 1986.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly, the speed of the game has made the Wishbone obsolete. Even ultra conservative teams like Alabama use offenses that look like a Spread in comparison to the Wishbone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-11-30T21:42:28.990" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T21:42:28.990" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1890" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1895" CreationDate="2012-11-26T04:54:57.500" Score="8" ViewCount="9231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being in the US, and a sports fan, it is impossible not to be aware of the huge amounts of money changing hands for sports teams be it the NFL, NBA, or MLB. I've always assumed these contracts are worth so much money because these events draw viewers which in turn drive up advertising fees. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now seeing the nature of soccer being two non-stop halves, this makes for a telecast with few commercials. My question to you, is how do broadcast stations make money with so few commercials during any given game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:49:41.653" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T02:24:28.920" Title="How do soccer broadcasts make money?" Tags="|football|finances|media|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1890" CreationDate="2012-11-26T09:27:52.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only speak for Germany but here the Bundesliga (national soccer league) games are only available in paytv for live broadcasts so they collect a fee directly and are then commercial free. The only matches available in free tv are the openers of the season halves (so the season opener and the first match after winter break) and the relegation matches. (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fball-Bundesliga#Media_coverage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;). Some free tv stations have shows presenting summaries of the games. Those usually are 3-10 minutes per game so there is space for commercials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For international games the rights usually are bought by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_broadcasting#Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;public tv (ard,zdf)&lt;/a&gt; which aren't allowed to show commercials after 8pm anyways but usually have bigger funds to buy the broadcasting rights than commercial tv stations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to sum in Germany soccer live broadcasts are financed by fees for either pay tv or public tv.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think most other countries have a similar system but I'm not really sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T09:27:52.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1893" CreationDate="2012-11-26T11:21:48.263" Score="6" ViewCount="35448" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sources claim that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinedine_Zidane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zinedine Zidane&lt;/a&gt; was never caught offside in his professional career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true? Because, I found two links that says: &amp;quot;Zidane was offside.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/2Zxi6k0oyFw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/2Zxi6k0oyFw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That video says &amp;quot;Zidane was offside&amp;quot; it is completly referees fault. It's not offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/1999/apr/21/newsstory.sport6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; link says: Zidane was caught offside in minutes 42 and 56.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zidane caught offside when clean through on Schmeichel's goal. Replay suggests a bad decision (42).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zidane caught narrowly offside on the Italian's left flank. Yorke wins another long ball in the air but the attack comes to nothing (56).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I don't feel satisfied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="874" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T18:09:17.630" Title="Was Zinedine Zidane ever caught offside?" Tags="|football|trivia|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1892" CreationDate="2012-11-26T12:07:21.190" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Was Zinedine Zidane ever caught offside? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is of course &lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You answered your own question, Zidane was caught offside in Juventus 2 - 3 Man United match.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And your youtube link shows it clearly that he was caught offside during 2006 World-cup, It doesn't matter if it was right or wrong decision! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to your links he also caught offside during Barcelona 3-0 win over Real Madrid on November 19, 2005 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://soccernet.espn.go.com/gamecast?id=188521&amp;amp;cc=5739&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;81' Zinedine Zidane (Real Madrid) is caught offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-26T14:15:03.027" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T14:15:03.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1890" CreationDate="2012-11-26T12:10:41.767" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Best leagues in Europe are almost always on pay channels, which end up cashing in serious sums of money from fans, especially from pubs and cafés that show the game to their guests. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some countries you could see ads added on the dead spots on the pitch (e.g. behind the goals) and even overlaid on the fans sometimes. It's pretty annoying to have invasive ads like that but public channels don't have many other options that to rake in as much money from ads as they can. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T12:10:41.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1890" CreationDate="2012-11-26T13:57:42.983" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports are so lucrative for the reasons you mention (huge ad revenue). But you fail to mention the reason the ad revenues are so high. &lt;em&gt;People don't Tivo sports.&lt;/em&gt; Sure some people do, but for the most part people want to watch sports live. This is why ad revenue is so high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football (Soccer) has struggled to get a TV footing in the states, and has only now just begun to do so. There are two main strategies for monetizing football games here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put your match on cable. This is the primary strategy, the ESPN networks, Fox Soccer channel and other cable TV channels do not rely &lt;em&gt;as&lt;/em&gt; heavily on advertising as the &quot;over the air&quot; networks (ABC/CBS/FOX/NBC) do. This is because they get a significant chunk of their money directly from cable companies. Most channels that go heavy on soccer programming will be in a sports tier package that costs the subscriber more money because it costs the cable company more money. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Get some sponsors. When matches began airing in the US commercial free on non-cable TV (my first recollection of this was the 94 WC in the states, but that's probably because it's the first one I watched) they got companies to sponsor an entire half, or part of a half. They showed their logo next to the score and probably did some voice promotions. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air your tournament both OTA and on cable. If you're a big company like Disney (ABC + ESPN family of networks), you might have both OTA providers and cable providers. That means you can air some games on your OTA networks and others on pay cable. This is what Disney does with the World Cup, many games are on ESPN and some marquee matches are on ABC. This provides access, but also protection for your OTA network, all of their time slots are not consumed by ad-less TV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time you're going to see both of these strategies used. Even the cable networks use integrated advertisements during the half. Part of the reason you don't see more games on live OTA TV in the US is because it's currently hard to monetize and only appeals to a small subset of the American audience, this subset is willing to at least pay for EPSN and probably even pay for a higher sports tier cable plan so they monetize this way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This all combines to result in football being a far less lucrative sport for the networks than the easier to monetize baseball, basketball, ice hockey and American football. You don't see multi-billion dollar soccer contracts yet, and until they figure out a better way to monetize it in the US they won't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T13:57:42.983" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1878" CreationDate="2012-11-26T18:35:12.397" Score="8" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A coaches' challenge is not permitted on scoring plays.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initiating a challenge when one is not permitted to do so is a foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;On a scoring play, the replay official may initiate a review except when the team that the referees ruled against commits a foul that delays the next snap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The illegal challenge by the coach was such a foul. Therefore, the disputed touchdown ruling could not be reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/18_2012_Officials_Jurisdictions_and_Duties.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook rule 15&lt;/a&gt; section 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="950" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T20:55:18.990" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T20:55:18.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1900" CreationDate="2012-11-26T23:37:12.647" Score="2" ViewCount="11523" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the typical format for an NFL quarterback cadence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would imagine that they have different words for everything, but they should have the same format in calling the original play, pointing out defense, and snapping the ball, right? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T21:29:57.980" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T18:08:34.193" Title="Typical format for quarterback cadence" Tags="|nfl|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1898" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1899" CreationDate="2012-11-27T05:53:08.733" Score="9" ViewCount="11598" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yellow and red cards are given in some team sports like rugby,football etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a practice of issuing these cards in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard that Billy Bowden gave yellow card for shane warne, and Rudy Koertzen gave red card for Glenn Mcgrath - &#xA;(Is it correct?)&#xA;If yes, for what reasons these cards were given in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2024-03-20T20:10:09.890" Title="Yellow card and red card in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1898" CreationDate="2012-11-27T06:30:57.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no card system that is in place for cricket. Action is taken on players &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the game and subsequent hearings by the match referee, in case they fail to follow the rules and ethics of the game.&#xA;The examples that you provided might have been in jest and they, for sure, could not have been ejected from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for other sports to have cards and stricter discipline is that they are contact sports. There is hardly any physical contact with other players in cricket, which reduces the chances of violent behavior. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably, this is why they call cricket a gentleman's game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-11-28T04:39:37.767" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T04:39:37.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1897" CreationDate="2012-11-27T15:34:22.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A basic variation of a QB cadence: &quot;Down, Set, Hike.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before the snap, the QB considers&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://smartfootball.com/passing/quarterbacks-checklist-on-pass-plays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the defensive personnel in the game?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is my pre-snap read?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding defensive personnel and the pre-snap read, the QB will most likely point out the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/269/527&quot;&gt;Mike linebacker&lt;/a&gt; and read if any blitzes are imminent. Based on how the defense is set up, the QB deems what is best for the play at hand (whether it's the play called in the huddle, if an audible or &quot;hot route&quot; needs to be made, if offensive line protection needs changed, etc.). &lt;em&gt;NOTE: In some cases, what the coach/offensive coordinator calls, goes regardless. Bill Walsh would go as far as scripting his team's first 25 offensive plays.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_offense#Scripted_plays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; When the play is set, the QB will communicate such. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before snapping the ball, the QB may employ a hard or long count to get the defense to jump offside. The defense may have heard similar cadence throughout the game, and may bite on a harder than normal count &quot;4-3, 4-3 Blue 25, Blue 25, hut, &lt;strong&gt;HUT&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;hut&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (hard count) or a longer than normal count &quot;4-3, 4-3 Blue 25, Blue 25, hut, hut, hut, &lt;em&gt;hut&lt;/em&gt;.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://usafootball.com/news/players/ask-coach-qb-cadence-and-snap-count&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cadences vary due to strategy (&quot;down, set, hike&quot; is obvious, setting up the offense for the best chance at success), communication among offensive players, and offensive team philosophy (Consider QB Peyton Manning's pre-snap routine&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/colts/2006-09-13-sw-peyton-manning_x.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;) to name a few. In fact, it is against the rule for defenses to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d822b5162/article/nfl-reminds-teams-of-rule-against-mimicking-qb-cadences&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mimic offensive cadence&lt;/a&gt; as a way to get offenses to falsely start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T15:42:38.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1898" CreationDate="2012-11-27T18:38:11.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no yellow or red cards in cricket.  There is a system of warnings for technical infractions and unfair play, but these are not signaled in a particular way, only communicated verbally.  There is also no official way to eject a player from a game altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with the cases you mention, but there have been occasions in international cricket where yellow and red cards have been used humorously.  But they have no official merit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T18:38:11.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1842" CreationDate="2012-11-27T18:58:08.277" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The the NFL rulebook, rule 14, section 1, article 14:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a team scores and the opponent commits a personal or unsportsmanlike conduct foul or a palpably unfair act during the down, the penalty is enforced on the succeeding free kick unless the enforcement resulted in the score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: If the personal foul, unsportsmanlike conduct foul, or a palpably unfair act by the opponent occurred on a successful field goal or Try kick, the penalty could be enforced from the previous spot and the offensive team would retain the ball, with no score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;High school rules could of course be different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that there is no requirement that the kickoff be the same or the other team's kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming NFL rules, team A would likely have elected to have the penalty enforced on the kickoff, which would have meant that B's kickoff would have moved closer to its own end zone, potentially giving A much better field position.  Forcing team A to replay the PAT was wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T18:58:08.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1905" CreationDate="2012-11-27T20:36:08.123" Score="4" ViewCount="542" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2012 NFL Season, the Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Ravens play each other in weeks 11 and 13, two weeks (in both NFL schedule and time) apart. To me, that seems too close for comfort. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do know that teams play other teams in their division twice. &lt;strong&gt;How does the NFL schedule procedure work?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-02-04T14:05:03.060" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T14:05:03.060" Title="How are NFL matchups determined for each season?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1904" CreationDate="2012-11-27T20:36:08.123" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; - A team plays the three other teams in their division twice, one game at home and one game away. This occurs each season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AFC West Example: The Denver Broncos play the San Diego Chargers,&#xA;the Oakland Raiders, and the Kansas City Chiefs twice each&#xA;season, once at home and once away.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; -  A team plays the four teams in another division in their conference once. This occurs every three seasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The AFC West play teams in the AFC North in 2012. They&#xA;played the AFC East in 2011 and the AFC South in 2010.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; - A team plays the four teams in a division in the other conference once. This occurs every four seasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The AFC West play teams in the NFC South in 2012, They&#xA;played the NFC North in 2011, the NFC West in 2010, and the NFC East&#xA;in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; - A team plays two teams in the two divisions in their conference they don't play based on their standings the previous season. This happens each season and opponents vary as standings vary from season to season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AFC West Example: The Denver Broncos finished first-place in the AFC&#xA;West in 2011. Therefore, they play the first-place teams from the AFC&#xA;South (Houston Texans) and the AFC East (New England Patriots) in 2012 - they&#xA;already play teams in the AFC North.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16&lt;/strong&gt; - The number of games in a NFL regular-season, since 1977&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Chronology_2011.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; games are played at home and &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; games are played away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This NFL schedule procedure has been used since the 2002 season&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/2012-opponents-determined.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;, in which the NFL realigned the league with the addition of the Houston Texans. As a result, the NFL's 32 teams were divided into eight four-team divisions with four divisions within each conference&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Chronology_2011.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;American Football Conference (AFC) North, South, East, and West&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;National Football Conference (NFC) North, South, East, and West&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-27T21:06:04.867" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T21:06:04.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1907" CreationDate="2012-11-29T07:28:35.923" Score="2" ViewCount="880" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team has only one review remaining in the Decision Review System (DRS), and a batsman was given out Leg Before Wicket (LBW) and both batsmen were certain that the decision was in error and called for a review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the Captain wanted to keep the review for when the side came to bowl and called the batsman back to the pavilion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will the review be cancelled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who takes priority in the DRS whilst batting, the Captain or the batsmen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:51:56.013" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T12:51:56.013" Title="Umpire Decision Review System in cricket" Tags="|officiating|icc|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1906" CreationDate="2012-11-29T08:58:03.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;strong&gt;batting&lt;/strong&gt; team - The review can be called by the batsman dismissed only. The captain has no say in this.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the &lt;strong&gt;bowling&lt;/strong&gt; team - The review can be called by the fielding captain only. The rest of the team can consult the captain but cannot officially call a DRS review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case mentioned above, the batting captain cannot call for/cancel a review from the pavilion. It is the batsman's prerogative whether to take the review or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T08:58:03.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1909" CreationDate="2012-11-29T19:42:59.133" Score="4" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/news/thunder-beat-rockets-120-98-032915073--nba.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;November 28 2012&lt;/a&gt; game between the OKC Thunder and the Houston Rockets, Thunder forward Hasheem Thabeet was ejected from the game. Shortly thereafter he was reinstated and returned to the court and a technical was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the ruling that allowed him to return?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T20:20:32.353" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T20:33:11.303" Title="Why was Hasheem Thabeet reinstated after being ejected?" Tags="|nba|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1908" CreationDate="2012-11-29T20:33:11.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Officials have elastic power. In this case, Thabeet pushed official Marc Davis, who came up from behind, before realizing he was an official&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/11/29/hasheem-thabeets-strange-ejection-then-reversal-by-refs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. As you mention, although Davis had initially ejected him, he brought Thabeet back after watching a replay of the incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 2, Section III - Elastic Power&lt;/strong&gt; states, in part: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The officials shall have the power to make decisions on any point not&#xA;  specifically covered in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T20:33:11.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1910" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-29T20:58:32.117" Score="7" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2012, quarterback Matt McGloin became the all-time leader in career passing touchdowns, with 45, at Penn State University&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.collegian.psu.edu/mobile.aspx?u=/blogs/footblog/2012/11/19/matt_mcgloin_earns_big_ten_honors.aspx&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. McGloin started his college career as a walk-on&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.collegian.psu.edu/mobile.aspx?u=/blogs/footblog/2012/11/27/matt_mcgloin_named_burlsworth_trophy_finalist.aspx&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In collegiate history, noteably at a Division I FBS level, has there been a walk-on QB or player that became the all-time leader in a major statistical category (TDs, yards, sacks, interceptions, etc.) at his university?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NOTE: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Matthews_III&quot;&gt;Clay Matthews&lt;/a&gt;, now a linebacker with the Green Bay Packers, was a walk-on at the University of Southern California.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-11-11T17:25:52.563" Title="Collegiate walk-on becoming a statistical all-time leader" Tags="|american-football|history|collegiate|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1906" CreationDate="2012-11-30T20:27:40.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player review requests are allotted per innings.  So whether the batsman asks for a review does not impact the number of review requests available to the team when it fields.  The only concern is whether the following batsmen in the same innings might want to use the review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T20:27:40.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1915" CreationDate="2012-12-01T03:31:55.250" Score="6" ViewCount="56939" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, there are various position designations for runners that carry the ball across the line of scrimmage: full, half and running back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any differences between the three positions in terms of roles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-12-05T20:56:34.447" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T00:00:36.597" Title="Differences between fullbacks, halfbacks, and running backs" Tags="|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1913" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1936" CreationDate="2012-12-01T14:13:16.173" Score="7" ViewCount="1251" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket commentary, some bowlers are called 'chinaman bowlers' and some 'orthodox bowlers'. What type of bowlers are these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T23:14:47.417" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T16:29:44.003" Title="What type of bowlers are these?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1913" CreationDate="2012-12-01T16:20:00.110" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two types of left arm spin bowlers, Chinaman and Orthodox.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chinaman Bowler or Unorthodox Left arm Spinner&lt;/strong&gt;- A Chinaman bowler is a left arm unorthodox spin bowler who spins the ball using Wrist spin so that the ball goes from off side to leg side for a right handed batsman. They often use leg break or leg spin for mixing variety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Michael Bevan(Australia), Brad Hogg(Australia), Sir Garry Sobers and Dave Mohammad(West Indies) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orthodox Bowler or Orthodox Left arm Spinner&lt;/strong&gt;- An orthodox bowler is also a left hand bowler but he uses his fingers to spin the ball such a way that it goes from right side to left side of the pitch(from POV of the bowler).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Daniel Vettori(New Zealand), Yuvraj Singh and Pragyan Ojha(India) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://spiffyd.hubpages.com/hub/Cricket-bowling-styles-Slow-left-arm-unorthodox-or-chinaman&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spiffyd&lt;/a&gt; and &#xA;           &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-arm_unorthodox_spin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="947" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T05:28:47.247" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T05:28:47.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1912" CreationDate="2012-12-01T20:19:48.557" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running backs come in two types: fullbacks and halfbacks (aka tailbacks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By default, if somebody is talking about a running back without specifying, they're probably talking about the halfback/tailback, because this is the position that carries the ball most of the time and has the most visibility and name recognition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fullback is used as a lead blocker, running out in front of the play to set blocks and clear a path for the tailback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2012-12-01T20:35:46.507" LastActivityDate="2012-12-01T20:35:46.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1917" CreationDate="2012-12-02T15:11:34.807" Score="9" ViewCount="1169" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the past couple of seasons, overtaking in Formula 1 has moved from sheer car power and driver skill to also include technology like KERS and DRS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What exactly are these KERS and DRS?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does it work?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much control does a driver have for both KERS and DRS apart from activating and using it  over the course of the race lap?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-12-03T07:34:46.170" Title="Formula 1: KERS and DRS" Tags="|formula-1|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1916" CreationDate="2012-12-03T07:34:46.170" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KERS&lt;/strong&gt; stands for Kinetic Energy Recovery System. It's a system similar to those used in many hybrid cars: It recovers the kinetic energy of the vehicle when braking and stores it either mechanically in a flywheel or electrical in a battery or capacitor. This energy is then used later under acceleration. &lt;em&gt;The use of KERS in Formula is limited to an additional 60kW (82PS) for 6.6 seconds per lap controlled by the driver&lt;/em&gt;. In 2014 they plan to double the allowed power and increase the usage time to 8.3 seconds. The time gained by this system is about 0.3 to 0.4 seconds per lap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DRS&lt;/strong&gt; stands for Drag Reduction System and is a adjustable flap on the rear wing of the car. It can be adjusted to reduce aerodynamic drag thus increasing the maximum velocity of the car (10-12kph). &lt;em&gt;It was implemented to promote overtaking and is by FIA activated only if the car is maximum one second behind the leading car (can be altered race by race) and within a defined DRS zone of which there can be two per race&lt;/em&gt;. When activated the driver gets a signal on his dashboard and can then use it. The system is deactivated when the driver brakes or released the DRS button after usage. Activating the system reduced downforce thus reducing cornering speed so it can only be (sensibly) used on straights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="869" LastActivityDate="2012-12-03T07:34:46.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2012-12-03T10:46:04.413" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard of six being scored in extra time in the FA Cup fixture Leyton Orient v Droylesden, Orient scoring all six in winning 8 - 2.&#xA;This took place on 7 December 2010. There is a match report on the BBC: &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/fa_cup/9260058.stm&quot;&gt;BBC NEWS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="949" LastEditorUserId="950" LastEditDate="2012-12-05T20:45:20.240" LastActivityDate="2012-12-05T20:45:20.240" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1861" CreationDate="2012-12-03T19:57:37.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Retirement papers can serve several purposes. First, if you are currently under contract with a team, filing retirement papers would void your current contract but you also could not sign a contract with another team. Second, If you are not under contract with a team (free agent), filing retirement papers would let teams know that you no longer intend on playing or signing another contract. Thirdly, I think all major leagues have some sort of pension program set up for its retired players and filing those papers makes you eligible to claim your pension. Also like you said in your question it also determines when you are eligible to be on a hall of fame ballot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastActivityDate="2012-12-03T19:57:37.983" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1920" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-03T11:26:47.527" Score="6" ViewCount="4996" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know becoming a professional sprinter is far from easy, but I would like to know how. What kind of clubs do you have to join or what kind of tournaments do you go to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What did somebody like Usain Bolt do to get where he is now? Of course hard training is one side of it, but what else does the progression to becoming a professional sprinter consist of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="SirDuckduck" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T19:29:48.060" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T19:29:48.060" Title="How does one become a professional sprinter?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1920" CreationDate="2012-12-04T01:26:28.027" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the athlete, there are different channels to becoming a professional sprinter. I would assume that by professional sprinter, you mean a sprinter that I sponsored by a larger organization. In reality, some would consider a runner to be a professional sprinter by winning prizes that meet a certain monetary value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner could be recruited from a college to be sponsored by a company. The athlete could apply or be recruited onto a running team that already has a sponsor, or a sprinter could even have their own coach and participate in official races on their own (see USA Track and Field as a reference to local, national, and world level meets). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of which route they take, from what I have seen/done, you pay (or your team pays) to participate in official races. As you make faster times, you may qualify or be invited to compete in higher level races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usain Bolt, from what I have read, he has been on the radar since at least the age of 14. He started in the competitive races of his region and moved to world level races. I am not sure exactly sure at what point he was considered professional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT (in response to comments below):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;USA Track and Field Athletes Bios&quot; will give you you dozens of athletes, the path they took, times, races. In these you will see the names of some clubs, teams, universities, and coaches that the athletes have trained with.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios.aspx&quot;&gt;http://www.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="930" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T17:13:01.067" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T17:13:01.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2012-12-04T17:02:34.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are an awful lot of contributing reasons that the wishbone is not used more often.  Here are a few top reasons: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quarterbacks take a lot of hits in the wishbone.  The offense requires the QB to run with the ball on outside options and take hits from linebackers/lineman even when they pitch the ball.  For this reason, QB's get hurt often in the wishbone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Related to #1, with most pro-offenses being pass heavy spread or west coast style, QB's are reluctant to be featured in the wishbone as it hurts their chances of advancing to the NFL.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Related to #2, because QB's are reluctant to be wishbone QB's, college teams are reluctant to feature the offense as it could damage recruiting.  This effect runs down to the high school levels as well.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The wishbone excelled in a time where linebackers were considerably slower than today.  Without hard 40 time stats, it is generally accepted that defensive linebackers move much better today than in previous eras.  The wishbone requires the QB and RB to get to the corner in many of their bread and butter plays in order to force a DE to choose the QB or RB, and then have the QB or RB beat the corner back for large plays.  Faster linebackers require more blocking on the outside, and spoil the top plays of the wishbone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are few stars in a wishbone offense. The QB may be the biggest benefactor stats wise (and we covered why they don't want to be featured in the offense) and the remaining skill players spread touches more than in modern day offenses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Time.  If you fall behind in a game, the wishbone takes a long time to score points.  Most plays are running plays, and a team with a weak defense will find themselves with no plays in the arsenal (and perhaps not the right talent to execute even if they did) to catch up against large deficits.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="342" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T17:02:34.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1926" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1928" CreationDate="2012-12-05T14:04:43.760" Score="5" ViewCount="14502" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am from America. I have a limited understanding of how cricket works. I can guess most of the rules by watching the game but the question today is, What is the technical definition of an &quot;over&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:07:39.083" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T01:18:56.733" Title="What is an &quot;over&quot; in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1799" CreationDate="2012-12-05T19:52:46.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The money goes into the budget for the operating expenses of the International Automobile Federation per this article : &lt;a href=&quot;http://formula1.about.com/od/formula1101/a/F1-Teams-And-Drivers-Have-To-Pay-Traffic-Fines-Too.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 Fines&lt;/a&gt;. The team of the offending driver must pay the fine within 48 hours via bank transfer though this may later get taken from the offending drivers paycheck&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastActivityDate="2012-12-05T19:52:46.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1926" CreationDate="2012-12-05T20:50:48.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, one bowler will bowl from one end of the pitch for an over. When this is finished, a different bowler must bowl the next over from the other end of the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An over is completed when the bowler has bowled 6 legal deliveries (note that in the past an over used to consist of between 4 and 8 (but not 7) deliveries). If the bowler bowls a wide or a no-ball this does not count as a legal delivery (although any runs scored do count) and the bowler must bowl an extra delivery to make up for it. In theory this means an over could continue indefinitely if the bowler continued to bowl wides and no-balls, it is not unheard of for a bowler to end up bowling 10 or even more balls in a single over due to repeated wides or no-balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness, a wide is defined as a delivery that is too far either to the side or over the top of the batsmen. The exact rules as to what constitutes a wide varies between Test match and limited overs cricket, with the latter being more strict. A wide counts as one run to the batting team in addition to any other runs scored. A no-ball most commonly occurs if the bowler oversteps the crease when bowling. The bowler has to have a least some part of their front foot behind the bowling crease as they deliver the ball. A no-ball scores 1 run to the batting team in addition to any other runs scored and as an extra bonus, the batsmen cannot get out off a no-ball by any means other than a run-out (or certain other rare forms of dismissal, such as &quot;obstructing the field&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-10-15T01:18:56.733" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T01:18:56.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1931" CreationDate="2012-12-05T21:19:42.327" Score="6" ViewCount="10424" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American Football I sometimes hear the defensive tackle getting called the &quot;nose tackle&quot;. I know that it has something to do with the 4-3 3-4 schemes but can somebody give me an explanation along with a reference or better yet a few current players that are considered &quot;nose tackles&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T23:15:24.687" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T00:10:55.573" Title="What is the difference between a regular defensive tackle and a nose tackle?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1929" CreationDate="2012-12-07T01:19:56.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a 4-3 defense, there are two defensive tackles (DT) in the interior of the line, while in a 3-4 defense, there is only one tackle - the nose tackle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, the primary task of the nose tackle is to occupy more than one blocker in the interior of the line to allow linebackers to make plays. In contrast, the role of 4-3 tackles depends heavily on the design of the defense - some 4-3 DT's are pass rushers (example: Warren Sapp) while others also occupy blockers in more of a run-defense role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vincent Wilfork is listed as an example of a 3-4 Nose Tackles in this Pat Kirwan &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d82087581/printable/top-interior-defensive-linemen-feature-distinct-skill-sets&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on nfl.com. In the same article, Pat Williams is listed as an example of a 4-3 nose tackle. The article describes the roles of these two types of nose tackles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;3-4 nose tackle&lt;/strong&gt; is asked to command double teams and prevent&#xA;  guards and centers from getting to second-tier blocking at the&#xA;  linebacker level. A &lt;strong&gt;4-3 nose tackle&lt;/strong&gt; is required to penetrate the&#xA;  inside &quot;A&quot; gap and often loop around and be responsible for containing&#xA;  the &quot;C&quot; gap. Then there are 3-4 defensive ends who really aren't ends,&#xA;  but instead work down into the &quot;B&quot; gap to defending power running&#xA;  plays. Then there is the hard-to-find, 4-3 three-technique tackle who&#xA;  is asked to penetrate and be disruptive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.idpguru.com/2010/07/guide-to-nfl-defensive-schemes.html&quot;&gt;guide&lt;/a&gt; to defensive schemes provides good background material on this topic, including a list of roles of various defensive positions for each scheme, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://fifthdown.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/top-10-defensive-tackles-in-n-f-l/&quot;&gt;this 2011 NY Times article&lt;/a&gt; contains a list of 10 top defensive tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-12-07T01:19:56.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1926" CreationDate="2012-12-07T06:21:10.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, an over is a set of six balls bowled by a player called bowler from one end of a cricket pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a normal over, a single bowler delivers six balls in succession,&#xA;  from one end of the pitch, to the batsman at the other end. After six&#xA;  deliveries, the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends,&#xA;  and a different bowler is selected to bowl an over from the opposite&#xA;  end of the pitch, while the batsmen do not change ends. The captain of&#xA;  the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and&#xA;  no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An over must consist of six &lt;em&gt;legal&lt;/em&gt; deliveries. If the bowler bowls a&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wide&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;no ball&lt;/a&gt;, that illegal delivery is not counted&#xA;  towards the six-ball tally, and another delivery will need to be&#xA;  bowled in its place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-15T14:37:41.840" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T14:37:41.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1913" CreationDate="2012-12-09T14:00:47.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a &lt;em&gt;Chinaman bowler&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bowler who bowls &lt;em&gt;chinamans&lt;/em&gt; is a left&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; handed spin bowler whose stock&lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt; ball spins from off stump to leg stump when bowled to a right handed batsman. Sometimes referred to as a &lt;em&gt;left handed off spinner&lt;/em&gt; as opposed to a &lt;em&gt;right handed off spinner&lt;/em&gt;. The term &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt; differentiates between a left handed off spinner and a right handed off spinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A right handed off spinner bowls exactly the same ball as a chinaman (i.e. spinning from off stump to leg stump) with the single difference that it's bowled with the right hand rather than the left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, please ignore any references to &lt;em&gt;finger spin&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;wrist spin&lt;/em&gt;. These are terms to describe &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; revolutions are imparted to make the ball spin. A finger spinner uses his fingers to spin the ball and a wrist spinner uses his wrist to spin the ball. These have nothing to do with with the direction the ball will spin in or whether it's a left handed or right handed bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does the term &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt; originate from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It comes from the first bowler to bowl in this way - Ellis Edgar Achong&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who was of Chinese decent, hence the term. Read more &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/67761.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;about him&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a &lt;em&gt;left arm orthodox&lt;/em&gt; spin bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the term given to left arm&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt; spin bowlers who spin the ball in the direction assumed to be natural for a left armed spin bowler whose stock&lt;sup&gt;(2)&lt;/sup&gt; ball would spin from leg stump to off stump when bowled to a right handed batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the term &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt;. We naturally assume when a left arm spinner is mentioned that he will spin the ball in this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between left arm &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt; and right arm &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A right handed &lt;em&gt;off spinner&lt;/em&gt; is considered to be an &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt; right arm spin bowler as he naturally spins the ball from off stump to leg stump when bowling to a right handed batsman. You'll note this is the same direction as the &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt;. A left arm &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt; spin bowler will bowl the ball in the opposite direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the right handed version of the &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would be the &lt;em&gt;leg spinner&lt;/em&gt;, because he bowls the ball to spin in the opposite direction to the &lt;em&gt;orthodox&lt;/em&gt; right handed off spinner, i.e. from leg stump to off stump when bowled to a right handed batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll notice that the terms used here describe one of two things -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1/ The arm used to bowl the ball, and&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2/ The direction the ball spins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Left arm orthodox spins the ball in the same direction as a right arm leg spinner. Right arm orthodox spins the ball in the same direction as the left arm chinaman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this has helped to clarify this answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&#xA;(1)The term doesn't apply to right handed bowlers&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&#xA;(2) The term stock ball refers to the ball that would normally be bowled even though the bowler may have other variations balls, such as one that doesn't spin at all but goes straight on.&#xA;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T16:29:44.003" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T16:29:44.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1938" CreationDate="2012-12-09T21:14:19.407" Score="16" ViewCount="90104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are they considered to have the same records? One should just apply tie-breaking procedures?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot;&gt;NFL rules say&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, at the end of the regular season, two or more clubs in the same division finish with identical won-lost-tied percentages&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure what the won-lost-tied percentage means. Above they mention that tie counts as half win, then why would you compute a &quot;percentage&quot; instead of simply ranking teams by their equivalent wins?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus question: has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="961" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T23:30:31.230" Title="NFL standings: 8-6-2 team vs 9-7-0 team?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1937" CreationDate="2012-12-09T21:30:57.587" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Won-Lost-Tied Percentages&lt;/em&gt; are applied as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A win = 1.000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A loss = 0.000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A tie = 0.500&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8-6-2:&lt;/strong&gt; (8(1.000) + 6(0.000) + 2(0.500))/16 = (8 + 1)/16 = 9/16 = &lt;strong&gt;0.563&lt;/strong&gt; (0.5625)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9-7-0:&lt;/strong&gt; (9(1.000) + 7(0.000) + 0(0.500))/16 = 9/16 = &lt;strong&gt;0.563&lt;/strong&gt; (0.5625)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*Divisor is the # of games played...in this case, we assume 16 games have been played.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, both teams W-L-T % is &lt;strong&gt;0.563&lt;/strong&gt; and has the same record percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why a percentage is computed is because of the scenario above, equivalent wins (in the win column) doesn't equal equivalent record percentage (such as 9-6-1 and 9-7, 9-6-1 will have the better W-L-T %). In a extreme case, a team who is 0-0-16 has the same W-L-T % as a team who is 8-8-0 (or 7-7-2, 6-6-4, etc...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T14:28:19.093" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T14:28:19.093" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="903" CreationDate="2012-12-09T23:32:57.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the first answer is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hit a flying bird it would probably be called a &lt;em&gt;dead ball&lt;/em&gt;, as I believe it has to go directly to a human fielder without touching &lt;em&gt;anything else&lt;/em&gt; to be considered out caught. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same way that if the ball hit a helmet on the ground, bounced up and someone caught it, it would be a &lt;em&gt;dead ball&lt;/em&gt; and 5 penalty points awarded to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastEditorUserId="952" LastEditDate="2012-12-19T14:08:32.157" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T14:08:32.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1941" CreationDate="2012-12-10T05:16:28.053" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the world record for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most goals scored by one team in a game?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most combined goals in a game?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most goals scored by a team in a season?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T19:23:13.137" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T19:23:13.137" Title="Football Goal Records" Tags="|football|records|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1940" CreationDate="2012-12-10T12:47:11.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to both of your first question is Australia 31–0 win over American Samoa - You can read about it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_31%E2%80%930_American_Samoa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; and even see highlits of the game over &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahf3eHikZs8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is some confusion about the score at the end of the match since the score board shows 32-0 but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the end of the match, the scoreboard at the stadium showed a 32–0. &#xA;  Only after the statistician did a recount, the 31–0 scoreline was&#xA;  announced,   After the match, FIFA went on to release the official&#xA;  statistics after receiving the official report from the referee and&#xA;  match officials, which confirm the 31–0 scoreline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your third question, it is very hard to answer it because it can include trophies? can it include friendly games?  can it be at any league level(for example english fourth division)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the most league goals scored in a season I found was &lt;strong&gt;134&lt;/strong&gt; by Peterborough United at english Fourth Division, 1960–61 season. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_in_England#Goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T12:55:56.750" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T12:55:56.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1942" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1943" CreationDate="2012-12-10T14:40:36.780" Score="20" ViewCount="112175" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two distinct labels for a &quot;safety&quot; in football: strong (SS) and free (FS).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ed Reed (FS) and Troy Polamalu (SS) were two of the premier players in the NFL &quot;in the safety position&quot; during their careers. As far as I can tell, they line up in the same position on the field and seemingly do the same things. I hear a strong safety is more responsible for the run game and a free safety is more responsible for the pass game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the difference between a strong safety and a free safety?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-18T17:22:45.850" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T16:50:21.850" Title="What is the difference between a strong safety and a free safety?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1942" CreationDate="2012-12-10T15:07:49.127" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;The strong safety lines up on the strong side - whichever side of the center has the most lineman on it (typically the tight end is the extra guy). If both sides have an equal amount of lineman (maybe a tight end on both sides of the line) the strong safety will typically line up across from whichever tight end they want to shut down in the passing game or whichever side they believe the run is going to go to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strong safety refers to the fact that the safety in that position is playing on the strong side of the field.  Just like a strongside linebacker, the strong side of the field in man coverage is the side of the field where there are more lineman and where a play is designed to be run.  A typical indicator is where the tight end lines up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In man coverage, the strong safety has the obligation of covering the tight end down the field AND coming up to provide run support.  In a man formation, he will typically line up closer to the line of scrimmage so he can pick up the tight end quicker as the tight end runs by the strongside linebacker, who is the first line of defense on the strong side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the strongside linebacker, the strong safety is normally a bigger safety who is fast enough to make up ground in the pass game, but who can take on tight ends and fullbacks to make a tackle on the running back in the running game.  The strong safety has to be a big hitter, has to be tough, and has to be good at shedding blockers and taking the correct angle to get to the runner the quickest.  He's often the safety that will blitz the quarterback on a third down as an overload on either side of the formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The free safety position is much different than the strong safety position.  With strong safety, you really need a particular style of player who is rugged and rough.  Free safety the player normally needs to be great at coverage and understanding the angles to get to the ball.  It helps if he's taller and leaner and is a great jumper as well.  He can't be afraid to make a big hit, but also must time his hit the right way to jar the ball loose and not get a penalty.  He is the guy that makes the wide receivers scared to go over the middle.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He's also the guy tasked with locating the ball and meeting it at the point of attack, whether that point is an interception, deflection, or that big hit. &#xA;He's tasked with &quot;playing the field&quot; and assisting the cornerbacks and he often plays zone when others around him are playing man.  When he does play man defense, it's often because there may be a blitz package or a run style defense (like a 4-4) they are in.  At that point, he has the duties of a corner in coming up more to pick up a wideout.  The weakside linebacker will normally act as the strongside linebacker does with the tight end and drop with the WR for a few yards until the free safety picks him up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorUserId="950" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T20:30:11.930" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T20:30:11.930" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1946" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-10T23:07:13.260" Score="7" ViewCount="2547" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recent Test series against South Africa, the Australian right arm off-spinner Nathan Lyon occasionally employed a delivery that spun the other way (away from a right hand batsmen instead of towards). I understand he has named this delivery &quot;Jeff&quot; for unknown reasons. There has been some sparse media coverage of this, see for instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/jeffs-what-the-doctor-ordered-on-a-docile-pitch-but-name-behind-lyons-new-doosra-remains-an-enigma-20121123-29ysl.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but I have not managed to find any suitable footage to work out how he is doing it, such as a super slo-mo zoomed in view of the bowling hand or any articles explaining the details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several ways off spinners can get a ball to go the other way. The most famous is the 'doosra' employed most notably by Muttiah Muralitharan, which requires extremely flexible elbows and wrists and long fingers in order to rotate the hand around to impart spin in the desired direction. No non south asian player has ever been able to deliver this ball legally due to the different physiology of Anglo/European players, so I doubt that this is it exactly but a modified version something along these lines might be possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other option is to use the fingers to flick the ball the other way, almost like a regular leg break but using the middle finger to impart spin instead of the whole hand and wrist. Ajantha Mendis uses this and calls it a 'caroom' ball, while Ravichandran Ashwin calls it his 'sudoku' ball. I believe that Jason Krejza has also experimented with this (and probably a number of other spinners as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, does anyone know if &quot;Jeff&quot; falls into either of these categories or is it something else? It has also been described as a 'backspinner', which makes it more likely to be the caroom ball style delivery, or some variant of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm really looking for a definitive answer here, if one can be obtained, rather than speculation or an explanation of different possibilities, which is why I've outlined at least some of them myself here in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T18:10:19.177" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T00:58:27.007" Title="What kind of delivery is Nathan Lyon's &quot;Jeff&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-11T01:54:57.877" Score="2" ViewCount="2017" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batter successfully bunts a ball while stepping on the plate, is he out?  What if the bunt is unsuccessful? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="964" LastEditorUserId="950" LastEditDate="2012-12-11T19:29:20.440" LastActivityDate="2012-12-11T19:29:20.440" Title="Bunting the ball while stepping on the plate" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1947" CreationDate="2012-12-11T03:56:57.620" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether or not it's a bunt or some other hit doesn't really make a difference.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.06 A batter is out for illegal action when -- (a) He hits a ball with one or both feet on the ground entirely outside the batters box.&#xA;  Rule 6.06(a) Comment: If a batter hits a ball fair or foul while out&#xA;  of the batters box, he shall be called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An unsuccessful bunt is simply a strike regardless if both feet are in or out of the batter's box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-12-11T03:56:57.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1946" CreationDate="2012-12-11T13:54:24.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no mystery - it's a doosra, he admits so himself here -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/opinion/nathan-lyon-lifts-the-covers-on-jeff-the-bastard-son/story-e6frg7uf-1226521541045&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/opinion/nathan-lyon-lifts-the-covers-on-jeff-the-bastard-son/story-e6frg7uf-1226521541045&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;doosra&lt;/em&gt; is the off spinners version of the &lt;em&gt;googly&lt;/em&gt; explained here -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/skills/4174244.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/skills/4174244.stm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;doosra&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;googly&lt;/em&gt; are both essentially the same thing, they're balls that spin in the opposite direction to the way you're expecting them to spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How he's achieving it is irrelevant - there are many different ways of getting the ball to spin in the opposite direction mostly by using a combination of wrist flick and finger spin, with some backwards and sideways movement, each bowler has his own way of achieving this. There is no one single way of bowling doosras or googlys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; secret to effective doosra's and googly's is to keep (as far as possible) the same arm action and wrist movement as the bowlers stock or standard ball for the simple reason that the bowler does not want to give thr batsman any indication that the ball the bowler will bowl will be any different to his stock or standard ball. This is the reason you will not find any specific details as to what the bowler is doing to achieve the doosra or googly ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The doosra and googly don't generally spin as much (in terms of revolutions) as the bowlers stock ball due predominantly to the difficulty in achieving the change in spin direction but usually the very fact the ball does something quite different to what the batsman expects is enough to put doubts in his mind as to either how to deal with it or what he's going to get next.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a fallacy that balls that spin the most get the most wickets, they don't. Spin bowlers wickets are achieved by deception and quite frequently it's the ball that doesn't spin at all that gets the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The Australian link may not work as it's a pay site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastEditorUserId="952" LastEditDate="2012-12-11T14:02:29.693" LastActivityDate="2012-12-11T14:02:29.693" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1952" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1955" CreationDate="2012-12-12T16:05:20.113" Score="5" ViewCount="1529" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which sports stadium (meaning any building designed to host sporting events) in the world, is the largest and who plays there? I'm thinking the largest as in the amount of people it can hold, but if you can come up with something different to go by, that's fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am including any stadium that was made or designed to house any sort of sporting event. Motor racing is considered a sport so that is valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I read somewhere that the University of Michigan Wolverines have the largest capacity stadium in the USA. Is that true? And if so are there any larger than that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-12-20T03:06:14.703" LastActivityDate="2021-12-20T03:09:09.143" Title="What is the biggest sports stadium in the world?" Tags="|statistics|records|trivia|venues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1952" CreationDate="2012-12-12T16:19:11.217" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is pretty general question, but Wikipedia has a great list of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity&quot;&gt;capacity for sports stadiums around the world&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This articles notes that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rungrado_May_Day_Stadium&quot;&gt;Rungrado May Day Stadium&lt;/a&gt; in Pyongyang, North Korea has the largest capacity in the world at 150,000. The second largest, Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata, India, has 30,000 less capcaity. The Korea DPR national football team plays in Rungrado May Day Stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the United States, it is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Stadium&quot;&gt;Michigan Stadium&lt;/a&gt; in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This is also the third largest stadium in the world. Michigan Stadium, sometimes referred to as &quot;The Big House,&quot; hosts the University of Michigan Wolverines football team and has a capacity of 109,901.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2012-12-12T16:35:28.030" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T16:35:28.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1952" CreationDate="2012-12-12T16:34:21.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The largest sports stadium is the Strahov Stadium in Prague with a capacity of 220,000. Now closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahov_Stadium&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahov_Stadium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T16:34:21.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1952" CreationDate="2012-12-12T16:37:33.940" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you refer to the most people attended in a sport match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Indianapolis Motor Speedway][2] (motor racing venue) is the largest in the world with an capacity of &lt;strong&gt;400,000&lt;/strong&gt; located at Speedway, Indiana, United States (although it has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seating capacity&lt;/a&gt; of 257,325 it has a infield seating that raises the capacity to an approximate 400,000).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about more sporting venues with a highest attendance at the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sporting_venues_with_a_highest_attendance_of_100,000_or_more&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia list&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-12-20T03:09:09.143" LastActivityDate="2021-12-20T03:09:09.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1988" CreationDate="2012-12-12T19:04:55.983" Score="14" ViewCount="14700" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at the draft from 2012 and noticed that the 49ers had made a lot of trades to acquire more picks for the 2013 draft. This led me to wonder about trades and the number of draft picks teams have had.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What team has had the highest number of draft picks in a single year, what year was it, and how many picks did they have? Please exclude supplemental draft picks from any answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I didn't realize how many more rounds there used to be in the draft. I'm curious about the seven round format that is currently used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-04-28T05:11:28.567" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T05:11:28.567" Title="What is the highest number of picks a team has had in the draft?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1987" CreationDate="2012-12-14T09:59:23.583" Score="12" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every once in a while I hear about this or that athlete choosing Wales or Scotland over England for the national side in football or rugby. Prominent examples that come to my mind are Ryan Giggs and Gareth Bale. I'm not sure how the regulation is with regards to the national team eligibility, do all citizens of UK have the liberty to choose any national side (in the UK that is)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a follow-up question, isn't it a bit tricky that UK is represented as one single team in some disciplines (e.g. track and fields) and as individual &quot;nations&quot; in other disciplines (e.g. football or rugby)? I mean, that could technically mean (or at least extrapolated to) that individual states in the U.S. could also have their national teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone with more knowledge on this matter, help me (us) figure this out? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T01:07:32.407" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T19:16:41.700" Title="What are the national team choices for athletes in the U.K?" Tags="|international-sports|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2167" CreationDate="2012-12-14T10:24:26.733" Score="14" ViewCount="367" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's been a while I have been wondering about why Liverpool's been lagging behind the other big clubs in the EPL. I went back and checked stats from the last 10 years. They have four top-3 finishes and no titles within this period. Particularly the last three years, they finished 7th, 6th and 8th respectively (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/2011-2012/table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8th being last year&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is of course arguable but I don't think people see Liverpool as a title-contender anymore, and they are still living off their long and glorious past. I have been trying to put my finger on what might have caused their lack of success in the EPL. It can't really be the finances as they have been spending serious sums of money, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.transferleague.co.uk/league-tables/transfer-league-table-last-five-seasons.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;third after Man City and Chelsea in the total money spent on transfers.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could argue the choice of players/coaches, or the effect of the new club owners. But I was wondering if anyone has more stats/info on Liverpool's seemingly deteriorating performance in the EPL. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: I realize that this is a rather argumentative question, but it's also a good test for the community to practice &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/09/good-subjective-bad-subjective/&quot;&gt;good-subjectivity vs bad-subjectivity&lt;/a&gt;. If you are not sure, please check the following meta questions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/283/speculative-questions-on-sports-se&quot;&gt;Speculative questions on Sports.SE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/221/original-answer-or-not/224#224&quot;&gt;Original answer or not&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T15:50:12.837" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T04:58:45.857" Title="What factors could be accounted for Liverpool FCs lack of success in EPL in the recent years?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1961" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T14:41:00.870" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T14:41:00.870" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T14:41:00.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1962" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T14:41:00.870" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role(s) of team dynamics in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:20:39.507" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:20:39.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1963" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:02:35.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English Premier League&lt;/a&gt; is the top club division of association football in the FIFA member state of England, which falls under the confederate-level jurisdiction of the United European Football Association (and, for FIFA and UEFA purposes, is largely separate from the other FIFA member states of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which make up the UK). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The EPL is home to several storied franchises in European football, including Manchester United, Chelsea, Arsenal and Liverpool. International superstar David Beckham is well-known for his days playing and winning championships with Manchester United (as well as his marriage to Victoria Beckham, aka Posh Spice of the Spice Girls). Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United each have at least one European Cup win in their record (since 1993 known as the UEFA Champions League), with Liverpool being the most decorated English team in European Championship play, and third overall behind Italian favorite Milan and Spanish powerhouse Real Madrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football in England has four &quot;divisions&quot; of &quot;league&quot; football, including the Premier League and three divisions of &quot;The Football League&quot;, similar to the various classes of minor league hockey or baseball in the United States. However, unlike these other sports leagues, English football teams move between these tiers in a process called &quot;promotion and relegation&quot;, where by winning or ranking highly in the lower division, a team can be &quot;promoted&quot; the the next higher league, replacing a poorly-performing team who is &quot;relegated&quot; to the lower division. This ensures that each tier of club teams will be relatively well-matched, and that the Premier League truly represents the best teams in English football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The EPL, while traditionally made up of teams from England proper, also includes two teams located in Wales; Cardiff City and Swansea City. Wales, as an independent FIFA member, has its own club league system, with a Premier League in operation since 1992. However, Swansea City joined the Football League system in 1912, decades before the formation of the Welsh Premier League, and has stayed in that system ever since, being promoted from the second-division Champion's League in 2011. Similarly, Cardiff City, founded in 1899, has also always been in the Football League system, and won the second-division Champions League in 2012 which earned them automatic promotion into the Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage guidance:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the English Premier League, its history, statistics, regulations or generally about the events taking place in and around the Premier League. This tag can also be used for lower tier English leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition or just because an incident from the Premier League is mentioned in the body of the question, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16874/has-any-team-won-the-countrys-top-league-division-playing-from-temporary-stad&quot;&gt;Has any team won the country's top league (division) playing from temporary stadium?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:05:29.223" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:05:29.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1964" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:02:35.947" Score="0" Body="Questions about the English Premier League (EPL) - the top level of the English association football league system." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:05:29.223" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:05:29.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1965" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1966" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" Score="0" Body="Questions about a series of sports known to have a well-documented international reach." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:10:08.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1967" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1968" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" Score="0" Body="Questions about team mascots." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:18:52.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1969" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1970" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of lacrosse." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:21:28.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1971" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:23:31.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The National Association for Stock Car Racing, known by its acronym NASCAR, is the organizing and governing body for several classes of closed-wheel, oval track automobile racing. It is a family owned business, founded by Bill France, Sr. in 1947 and currently owned and operated by his grandson, Brian France.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stock car racing as a sport began in the Prohibition era of the 20s and 30s, when bootleggers (black-market liquor distillers) began tinkering with production automobiles for greater speed to outrun authorities. Soon, local informal competitions began to be held, which led to two modern forms of racing; drag racing, where cars race from a standing stop in a straight line along a quarter mile track, and oval or circuit racing, originally on dirt tracks but soon progressing to paved tracks for greater speed. Local groups of &quot;'shiners&quot; began to organize, especially in South Carolina, with a race on the sand of Daytona Beach in 1936 being one of the first formalized races, attracting talent for hundreds of miles. Those racers included a young Bill France, who saw the potential for these races as a spectator sport, but the young sport had its problems, including corrupt organizers disappearing with the prize money. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1947, Bill France announced a series of nearly 40 races on local courses between Daytona Beach and Jacksonville, Florida, under the heading of the &quot;National Championship Stock Car Series&quot;. This series of events was successful, and in the next year France, along with fellow organizers Bart &quot;Barky&quot; Barkheimer and Erwin &quot;Cannonball&quot; Baker, met with over 30 other organizers of the NCSSC in December 1947, and proposed a perennial racing series. The name eventually chosen was the &quot;National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing&quot;. It originally had three categories; Modified, Roadster and &quot;Strictly Stock&quot;. The Roadster series was unpopular with the Southern-based fans and was abandoned, but the Modified and &quot;Strictly Stock&quot; divisions were popular. The Modified series continues today as NASCAR's Whelen Modified Series, which operates a number of local and regional race series using cars based on production U.S. automobiles, but modified with roll cages, souped-up engines and suspensions suitable for dirt-track racing. The &quot;Strictly Stock&quot; division, which was exactly that for the first few years, was changed to the &quot;Grand National&quot; division as specific modifications for safety and performance became allowed. By 1960, the cars were being purpose-built, with only the external appearance of a &quot;stock car&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today, NASCAR is most famous for hosting the premiere racing series in U.S. closed-wheel oval-track, the NASCAR Sprint Cup (formerly the Nextel Cup and before that the Winston Cup), which attracts some of the top driving talent in the United States. Behind National League Football, it is the second most-watched televised sport in the United States. The cars today have only token resemblance to production automobiles, largely in the front grille; the cars are built from the ground up with tubular metal frames, large custom V8 engines placed just behind the driver, and a host of electronic controls and telemetry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the top-level Sprint Cup Series, a second tier, the Nationwide Series, caters to those looking to advance into the Sprint Cup. Cars at this level have less powerful engines and fewer bells and whistles, so buying and maintaining them costs less. NASCAR also sponsors a truck-based racing series, NASTRUCK, and several regional and national dirt-track series including the aforementioned Whelen Modified Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-01-26T03:28:01.733" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T03:28:01.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1972" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:23:31.220" Score="0" Body="Questions about the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:23:31.220" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:23:31.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1973" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1974" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" Score="0" Body="Questions about retirement from a sport and its dynamics." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:24:43.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1975" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:25:58.260" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T15:25:58.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T15:25:58.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1976" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:25:58.260" Score="0" Body="Questions about ranking -- the means of classification in a scale of achievement or status. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T14:51:12.323" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T14:51:12.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1986" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:30:17.860" Score="15" ViewCount="3907" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I get around to watching the NHL, I notice a few players wearing a &quot;C&quot; or &quot;A&quot; patch on their jerseys. I understood this to be Captain and Assistant Captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the roles of &quot;C&quot; and &quot;A&quot; on the ice?&lt;/strong&gt; Do the number of Cs and As vary by team, or does each team require to have a standard number of each?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:53:44.943" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T04:53:44.943" Title="Roles of Captains in Ice-Hockey" Tags="|ice-hockey|team-dynamics|nhl|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1981" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:37:32.683" Score="8" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;At a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAHL&quot;&gt;NAHL&lt;/a&gt; game, I noticed as I was leaving that a few players, one by one, were being introduced back onto the ice after the game to have (what I describe as) a victory lap. I didn't pay attention to why this was happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are hockey players introduced after a game? Is this a common occurence in ice hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T16:37:22.770" Title="Hockey Players Introduced After a Game" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1979" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:43:42.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sport often requires particular conditions in which to play, and many dedicated venues exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples of sporting venues include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stadiums, large arrays of seating placed around a playing or competition area, and often with significant additional services or offices included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;velodromes, cycling venues built with steeply sloped tracks, typically with competitor space in the centre and spectator space around the outside&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;courts, for many sports requiring a hard surface with standard markings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;fields, for many sports requiring or best suited to a grass or dirt surface, either marked or unmarked&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;artificial turfs, for many sports requiring a soft but highly consistent surface, either marked or unmarked. Often usage overlaps with that of courts and fields&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;raceways, for many sports requiring a road surface typically used in motor sports, or for many sports requiring unpaved fenced track typically used in horse or dog racing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;halls, enclosed spaces with a court or courts or other playing area, providing shelter from weather conditions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;rinks, for many sports requiring a hard or ice surface fenced in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other venues not used for sport itself, but associated with sports, are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;clubrooms, a building or structure in which an association or club can manage its affairs, generally and for playing the sport&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/halls-of-fame&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;halls-of-fame&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;halls-of-fame&lt;/a&gt;, similar to a clubhouse where the membership is by selection from the elite, and often including a significant museum-like section displaying &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/memorabilia&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;memorabilia&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;memorabilia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Venues often include infrastructure beyond the playing surface. Changing rooms for competitors and officials, and spectator seating are common. Standard ablutions and utilities are also usually available. Larger venues may have additional sections like cafes and food/beverage retailers, shops for sport equipment and memorabilia, or a combination of different playing surfaces and non-playing venue types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those that support major commercial sports or competitions often support television broadcast and media presentation. Those with design and usage that allow it, have roof and wall sections that allow choice between open air and enclosed playing conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They may have special lighting to provide for consistent conditions or playing at night and through fog. Many playing surfaces or areas need particular maintenance involving specific equipment; this is often embedded in the venue itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Venues may vary in size from a single court to several, and may have no space for spectators or enough room for over one hundred thousand people at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some venues are easily recognisable for their part in sporting history, their architectural noteworthiness, their status as landmarks, or for other historic and sociopolitical reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many venues are &lt;em&gt;ad hoc&lt;/em&gt;, like arbitrary rural or urban areas used in paintball or orienteering sports, or off land entirely such as lakes or air spaces used in rowing or aircraft races. Others extend the concept of playing surfaces beyond a small geographic region, using the roads of entire countries or oceans of the world, for example in cycling and sailing tours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-10-22T12:56:32.467" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T12:56:32.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1980" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-14T15:43:42.303" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding venues that host or are associated with sporting events. Questions must also be tagged with the specific sport, if this is applicable." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-10-22T12:56:07.517" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T12:56:07.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1978" CreationDate="2012-12-14T16:17:12.993" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually after a hockey game, a third party names the &quot;Three Stars&quot; of the game. This is based on the player's performance during the hockey game. These &quot;Stars&quot; come out one at a time and acknowledge the fans by either taking a lap or just raising their stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a little digging, I found that in the NHL, the three stars was first awarded in the 1936–37 NHL season and continues today. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Three stars are generally not awarded during international play, such&#xA;  as at the Winter Olympic Games. The IIHF World Championships and World&#xA;  Junior Championships instead issue awards such as &quot;Best Player&quot; for&#xA;  each team per game, or the overall best player per position over the&#xA;  course of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_stars_%28ice_hockey%29&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T16:37:22.770" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T16:37:22.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1977" CreationDate="2012-12-14T16:23:22.530" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each team must have either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 Captain and 2 Assistant Captains&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 Assistant Captains (One extra Assistant Captain to make up for the vacancy of the Captain's spot.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The role of the players with the &quot;Letters&quot; on their sweater is to get information from the referee. When a penalty is called, usually the Captain of each team meets with the referee in the referee's &quot;half circle&quot; located near the time keepers box and the referee then explains to both Captains what penalty was called and why. This is when the &quot;arguing&quot; usually starts... But the whole purpose of this is to have the Captains report this information back to the players and coach on the bench. Only players with letters on their sweater are allowed to enter this box with the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See below at the bottom middle of the rink. The referee's crease is labeled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k1A8K.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T19:17:24.843" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T19:17:24.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1983" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1984" CreationDate="2012-12-14T20:39:51.243" Score="-10" ViewCount="6173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which teams have won the most championships in the four major American sports leagues (NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-18T21:22:34.580" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T21:22:34.580" Title="Which teams have won the most championships in the four major American sports leagues?" Tags="|trivia|history|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1983" CreationDate="2012-12-14T20:53:08.877" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NFL: Green Bay Packers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;9 NFL titles&lt;/em&gt; [before the Super Bowl Era]: 1929, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1939,&#xA;1944, 1961, 1962, 1965&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;4 Super Bowl titles&lt;/em&gt;: 1966, 1967, 1996, 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA: Boston Celtics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;17 NBA titles&lt;/em&gt;: 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966,&#xA;1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NHL: Montreal Canadiens&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;3 NHL titles&lt;/em&gt;: 1919, 1924, 1925&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;24 Stanley Cup titles&lt;/em&gt;: 1916&lt;sub&gt;†&lt;/sub&gt;, 1924&lt;sub&gt;†&lt;/sub&gt;, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1953,&#xA;1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973,&#xA;1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1993&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MLB: New York Yankees&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;27 World Series titles&lt;/em&gt;: 1923, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938,&#xA;1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958,&#xA;1961, 1962, 1977, 1978, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*As of 2016&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;† - These Stanley Cup titles were won during an interleague tournament including league champions from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Hockey Association (NHA)&lt;/a&gt; (dissolved in 1917 and replaced by the NHL), the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Hockey_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA)&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Canada_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL)&lt;/a&gt;. The PCHA and WCHL merged to form the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925 only to dissolve a season later. Thus, the NHL became the only league to compete for the Stanley Cup in 1926 and has been the championship trophy for the NHL since.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-28T18:26:15.040" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T18:26:15.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1959" CreationDate="2012-12-17T04:12:11.803" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be a lot of factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The players that Liverpool have bought in the recent past (apart from Suarez) haven't exactly clicked for them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They have been very unlucky (especially this season) with some refereeing decisions, which if it had gone their way, they could be in the top 7.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Top players missing out because of injury/suspension.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tactics, especially in the later Dalglish regime were questionable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are not as formidable at Anfield as they once were. Anfield is not a fortress that it was once upon a time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brendan Rodgers has got some stability to the team and is in the process of rebuilding the team. They have promising youngsters coming through their ranks. Like it was mentioned in the question, there is no dearth of funds for the manager to spend. IMO, they should be a consistent top 4 side in 2-3 seasons if they can keep their key players and bring in proper talent during the transfer market.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Winning the title, hmm, like they say, next year is their year ;-) (Forgive me, but I am a Man United fan)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;P.S: The answer is framed on my opinion only. It can be totally off the mark. However, there isn't any definite answer to the question and is only subjective. If there was, LFC would not have been in the position that it is in.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-12-17T04:12:11.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1977" CreationDate="2012-12-19T16:49:50.430" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The captain and (during his absence on ice) alternate captains (not “assistant”) are players designated to be the point of contact between the referee and the team. Only these players are allowed to discuss with the Referee any questions relating to the interpretation of rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This privilege applies only to the respective captain/alternate captain who is currently on ice – any player, not invited by the referee, who comes off the bench to make a protest with the officials, shall receive a minor penalty. Also, this discussions relating to the interpretation of the rules cannot concern a penalty – no player, not even the captain, is allowed to make complaints regarding a penalty. When he makes such a complaint, he shall receive a minor penalty (a misconduct penalty under IIHF rules). The referee can (and often does) explain a penalty to the captains, but they are not allowed to complain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the referee crease serves quite a different purpose: It is an area where officials can safely discuss &lt;em&gt;among themselves&lt;/em&gt; – no player (not even captain) is allowed to enter the crease when the referee is reporting to or consulting with the other officials. Should he do so, he shall receive a misconduct penalty. But it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; also the place where referees will usually discuss with the captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, there is one captain (marked with “C”) and two alternate captains (marked with “A”), one such player in each &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_%28ice_hockey%29&quot;&gt;line&lt;/a&gt;. The NHL rules also allow to have no captain, but three alternate captains (this must be chosen prior to the game, and in this case, the Captain cannot be present in uniform). This is not possible in the international (IIHF) rules, where one captain and no more than two alternate captains must be appointed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As in almost all team sports, the captain and the alternate captains also have important non-official duties. They are usually the senior/experienced players, having respect of other players, officials, and spectators. They also often serve as a point of contact between the players and the manager and the rest of team management.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26282&quot;&gt;NHL Rule 6 – &lt;em&gt;Captain and Alternate Captains&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26327&quot;&gt;NHL Rule 39 – &lt;em&gt;Abuse of Officials&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Sport/rulebook2010/Rulebook_10_51_-_29_September.pdf&quot;&gt;IIHF Rule 201 – &lt;em&gt;Captain of Team&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Sport/rulebook2010/Rulebook_52_101_-_30_September.pdf&quot;&gt;IIHF Rule 550 – &lt;em&gt;Abuse of Official and Unsportsmanlike Conduct by Players&lt;/em&gt; and Rule 572 – &lt;em&gt;Captain and Alternate Captain Complaint&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T16:49:50.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1958" CreationDate="2012-12-19T20:00:24.093" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I had to dig up a bit on the regulations regarding the whole thing. So apparently while Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Englad being different countries, they are under the same international identity in the form of British passports. So that fact, together with the fact that there is no national team for the UK, means that any British citizen can play for any one of these four national teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being the case, the football associations from these different nations have come to an agreement, together with FIFA, which is referred to as the &quot;home nations agreement&quot;. According to the agreement a player is eligible for a national team for the nation he's born/lives in/has parents or grandparents from. In Gareth Bale's case, his grandmother is English, thus he was eligible for England but opted not to play for England but instead for Wales. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The residency clause was then removed in order to comply with FIFA regulations. Another clause was then added in 2008 to give eligibility for players that have gotten at least 5 year-long education before the age of 18, in any one of the four nations. This change aloows for example an English-born player who's been through education in Scotland to be eligible for both England and Scotland. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interesting bit is of it all is that athletes from any other territory within Great Britain (who're eligible for a British passport) can choose to play for any one of the four nations (e.g. Matt Le Tissier, Graeme Le Saux, Owen Hargreaves). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=1873218&quot;&gt;&quot;Why didn't Gareth Bale choose England?&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/England-Gareth-Bale-has-English-grandma-but-Spurs-star-does-not-regret-choosing-to-play-for-Wales-instead-article716650.html&quot;&gt;Mirrorfootball.co.uk article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules#Home_nations_agreement&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article: eligibility rules, home nations agreement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_teams&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article: football in the UK: national teams&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T07:35:24.227" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T07:35:24.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1957" CreationDate="2012-12-20T16:44:12.820" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update (2020 Draft):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2020, the Minnesota Vikings had 15 picks, giving them the record for most picks since the draft was limited to 7 rounds. This also gave them the most picks since the 2002 realignment and the most picks since the draft became a 3-day event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update (2016 Draft):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2016, the Cleveland Browns had 14 picks, tying the 1997 Miami Dolphins for most picks since the draft was limited to 7 rounds. This also gave them the most picks since the 2002 realignment and the most picks since the draft became a 3-day event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went and looked at all of the draft picks broken down by team &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.drafthistory.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It looks like the 7-round format started in 1994, although I've been having some serious problems trying to confirm this. I looked through the number of picks each team had and found the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The highest number of draft picks by any team since the 7-round format started was by the Miami Dolphins. They used 14 total picks in 1997.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since the league was realigned into 8 divisions split between two conferences in 2002, two teams have had 13 picks: the 2010 Philadelphia Eagles and the 2004 Tennessee Titans.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 2010 Eagles also have the highest number of picks since the draft became a 3-day event in 2010.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team slated to have the most draft picks in 2013 is the San Francisco 49ers with 11.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also took this opportunity to see which teams had the fewest number of picks. The 1999 New Orleans Saints had one draft pick. Apparently, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_NFL_Draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;they traded all six of their draft picks to the Redskins in order to get RB Ricky Williams with the fifth overall pick&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2020-04-26T01:29:36.377" LastActivityDate="2020-04-26T01:29:36.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="339" CreationDate="2012-12-23T09:35:15.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very good video that explains in detail a good posture in running: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx6x2cD6Y8Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx6x2cD6Y8Q&lt;/a&gt;. I used it myself to improve my technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll find in there all the key elements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, if you go for trail running, things complicate a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="989" LastActivityDate="2012-12-23T09:35:15.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1990" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-23T09:40:04.343" Score="6" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do you think is the best workout(s) for obstacle race that you can do on a daily/weekly basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many obstacle races with different obstacles, but what will be good workouts to be prepared for all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T19:57:55.873" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T19:57:55.873" Title="Best workout for obstacle race" Tags="|running|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-03-07T00:08:32.740" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1991" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1994" CreationDate="2012-12-23T20:04:36.973" Score="29" ViewCount="5837" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, in Dutch amateur football, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20583970&quot;&gt;a linesmen died after being attacked by players&lt;/a&gt;. This terrible news was directly the reason for the Dutch football association, KNVB, to apply some rules with respect to protesting a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2012/12/yellow_card_to_be_automatic_fo.php&quot;&gt;lot stricter&lt;/a&gt; after the winter break in the professional leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been annoyed a lot when watching soccer on television (Champions League for example), when I see a bunch of soccer players protesting against the referee in a quite agressive manner. When watching rugby matches, it doesn't happen as far as I've seen. What is the reason that is does happen in (professional) football, but not in rugby?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T09:18:24.123" Title="Why is the referee treated so different in soccer and rugby" Tags="|football|rugby|officiating|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1991" CreationDate="2012-12-24T13:44:08.493" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it has to do with the traditions. I believe originally rugby was played by the higher class, with a certain upbringing. I have a colleague who works as a part time rugby ref and he's puzzled as to why the ref doesn't send off half of the players in a football game. I, on the other hand, am often puzzled as to how the refs command so much respect in rugby. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point of view could be that football's expansion to take over the world is based on the fact that one really doesn't need much to play football. Compared to some other sports (e.g. ice-hockey), it's cheaper and easier to play football, all you need is a ball (or something that you can use as a ball) and a good imagination (to define the field and goals). &lt;em&gt;&quot;What does that have to do with anything?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, you might ask.. Well, if anyone and everyone can play football, however they like, you might argue that people take their local manners and traditions and incorporate it into the game. I play football on amateur level, and the &quot;quality&quot; of the game especially with regards to manners and temperament has been very closely related to which nationalities were present on the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, and perhaps most importantly, football has become such a huge money-maker so that football associations do not dare/want to impose serious penalties for inappropriate behavior. I mean there isn't a single person in the football world that could imagine giving a 10 match ban to Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo, for diving. Or a seasonal ban to whatever player for shouting at the ref's face. I believe the situation has gotten this bad because bad behavior has been tolerated for just way too long. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-12-26T14:16:19.660" LastActivityDate="2012-12-26T14:16:19.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2012-12-25T00:48:34.183" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the blades do provide better traction than studs due to a larger surface area, the blades are typically preferred on harder ground because there are more points of contact between the bottom of your foot and the ground which disperses the weight more evenly.  Running a lot on hard ground with studs can cause pain in your underfoot and possibly injure some tendons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Studs are generally preferred in wet conditions where you will sink into the ground.  In this scenario, the studs will not be supporting your weight (you will sink to the sole of your foot). Also, the lack of surface area is beneficial here because your studs will not gather clumps of mud as easily as the blades would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="991" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T00:48:34.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1996" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-12-25T10:10:45.847" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T10:10:45.847" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T10:10:45.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1997" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-12-25T10:10:45.847" Score="0" Body="Questions about the referee in a particular sport. This tag should always be combined with a tag for the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="392" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T15:39:11.383" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T15:39:11.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1999" CreationDate="2012-12-26T09:49:59.063" Score="9" ViewCount="2810" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question sounds easy: why is Boxing Day used as a match day in the English Premier League (EPL)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_Day#Sport&quot;&gt;Boxing Day&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, it is traditional for the Premier League, Scottish Premier League and Irish Premier League respectively, as well as the lower divisions and rugby leagues, to hold a full programme of football and Rugby League matches on Boxing Day. Traditionally, matches on Boxing Day are played against local rivals. This was originally to avoid teams and their fans having to travel a long distance to an away game on the day after Christmas Day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, at the same moment, if I am seeing this correctly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/fixtures&quot;&gt;Arsenal is free today&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How important is this Boxing Day as a match-day, and how did it became that important?Also, if it is important, then why Arsenal is free? Why not let the players celebrate Christmas with their families, as the fans will get to the stadiums on other days as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T10:12:03.007" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T10:12:03.007" Title="Why is Boxing Day a match day in the English Premier League?" Tags="|football|terminology|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1998" CreationDate="2012-12-26T10:14:09.477" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26, day after Christmas, as a national holiday in Great Britain. For general knowledge, Boxing Day gets its name from an old custom where the rich gave boxes of gifts to poor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having league games on Boxing Day is a long tradition in England, although as you said there are a lot of players (especially foreigners) who dislike the practice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some foreign players in the Premier League bemoan the hardship of&#xA;  playing over the Christmas period, while others accept that it is part&#xA;  of the English tradition and relish the intense fixture list that can&#xA;  take in three Premier League games and an FA Cup third-round tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There have been calls for a winter break to be introduced in England&#xA;  as many argue that players suffer from fatigue and need a break in&#xA;  order to be fresh in the second half of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, in the end, football is for the fans (or that’s what I would like to think), and these Boxing Day League matches are a true celebration to all football fans, and lots of people go to Boxing Day matches with their families and friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the fixtures are released in the summer, fans are eager to see&#xA;  who their side are playing, as it is often an occasion when the entire&#xA;  family go to a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Matches are traditionally played against local rivals or teams within&#xA;  a close proximity of each other so as to avoid supporters having to&#xA;  travel a long distance after Christmas Day and when the train&#xA;  timetables are reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal was supposed to play today against West Ham but it was cancelled due to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2076203/Tube-strikes-threaten-Arsenal-Chelsea-Boxing-Day-games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tube strike&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: About.com, “&lt;a href=&quot;http://worldsoccer.about.com/od/soccercultur1/a/Boxing-Day-Soccer-Tradition-In-England.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Boxing Day Soccer Tradition In England&lt;/a&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2013-07-28T05:47:53.467" LastActivityDate="2013-07-28T05:47:53.467" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1991" CreationDate="2012-12-26T10:50:19.010" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the accepted answer but there is something else pertinent to point out. In Rugby, the ref has a very simple and commonly used option when a player backchats or abuses him for giving a penalty, which is to march the position of the penalty 10 metres closer to the defenders tryline. This provides a meaningful bonus in territory, or assistance in making a penalty goal kick easier, but isn't a huge additional advantage meaning it can be used lightly without the ref worrying about appearing to over-react and unbalance the game with a big call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen this occur 2 or even 3 times in succession if a player continues to abuse the ref, however usually it is a very effective way of silencing a player quickly and maintaining respect from the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no equivalent in Football and it wouldn't work anyway since territory is not nearly so important as it is in Rugby (or at least 10 metres either way makes little difference).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Football a yellow card is too big a penalty to apply for backchat, but that leaves the referee with no options at all for dealing with it. Hockey (field hockey) has a green card that is used amongst other things for backchat, with multiple green cards leading to a yellow. This might be one way to give the referee some protection from abuse in Football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2012-12-26T10:50:19.010" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2026" CreationDate="2012-12-26T17:18:14.833" Score="7" ViewCount="14358" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kansas State &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_State_Wildcats#Athletics_department&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;has never won a team title in any NCAA sport&lt;/a&gt;, either men's or women's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other teams that have been in NCAA Division I since at least 1973 (when the current three-division structure was adopted) that have failed to win any national championships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm including football championships, despite not being held by the NCAA itself, as championships, since they are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recognized by the NCAA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T19:54:50.320" LastActivityDate="2021-05-18T14:03:18.523" Title="What longstanding NCAA Division 1 schools have never won a championship in any team sport?" Tags="|records|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-12-27T01:08:31.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I rekon its because A 6 has to be over the rope on the full without touching the field.  So if the ball hits the helmet on the ground it was never gunna make the rope without touching. So 5 is the highest it can be, 4 for a boundry u could of scored plus an extra 1 for the obstruction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="995" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T01:08:31.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2003" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-27T01:09:56.620" Score="0" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know sports cards can carry much value or little value depending on many variables (the player, year, stats, condition of card, etc). But can sports clippings from newspaper carry value other than nostalgia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T19:32:57.800" Title="Can sports newspaper clippings carry similiar value as sports cards?" Tags="|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2004" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2016" CreationDate="2012-12-27T02:41:29.017" Score="5" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the determinant factors in voting someone into the Hall of Fame in baseball? Or any sport for that matter. Is it just statistics or is it more of what that player represented?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T04:19:20.480" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T04:19:20.480" Title="What are the factors in voting someone into the Baseball Hall of Fame?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3098" CreationDate="2012-12-27T07:37:11.530" Score="13" ViewCount="5327" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to give player of the match award to more than one player, when the stats and performances of more than one player (from the same team) equals the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, any history for the above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:45:53.010" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T06:23:08.970" Title="Man of the Match award for two players" Tags="|cricket|history|icc|awards|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2012-12-27T08:13:42.510" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several occasions where man of the match award has been shared by two players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ravi Bopara and Suresh Raina :&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://crickethighlights.com/2011/09/suresh-raina-and-ravi-bopara-joint-men-of-the-match-ind-vs-eng-odi-4th/&quot;&gt;http://crickethighlights.com/2011/09/suresh-raina-and-ravi-bopara-joint-men-of-the-match-ind-vs-eng-odi-4th/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Muralitharan and Ashraful : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/image/187690.html&quot;&gt;www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/image/187690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="357" LastEditorUserId="357" LastEditDate="2013-01-02T04:36:01.743" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T04:36:01.743" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2007" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2009" CreationDate="2012-12-27T10:57:20.200" Score="1" ViewCount="676" Body="&lt;p&gt;In International Cricket Which indian bowler makes the best bowling economy record with highest wicket taking on debut and give the figures.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example Format :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overs-Runs-Wickets-Economy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10-10-5-2.3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="997" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:10:53.653" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T12:10:53.653" Title="Which indian bowler makes the best bowling economy record with highest wicket taking on debut?" Tags="|icc|statistics|trivia|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2008" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-27T13:00:46.440" Score="0" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there been a game in T20I where the game was tied and a team won 3-0 during the subsequent bowl-out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The game was between which two teams?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who scored hits in the bowl-out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who missed the wickets in the bowl-out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="997" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:12:05.473" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T12:12:05.473" Title="3-0 wins in Super Over (Bowled out)" Tags="|icc|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2007" CreationDate="2012-12-27T13:02:58.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Below, the statistics for each of the formats (Tests/ODIs/T20s) sorted both by wickets taken on debut and best economy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;1. ODIs&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/wjBFvF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wickets taken&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/4JUus5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;economy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;2. T20Is&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/Qnf0H9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wickets taken&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/rWEExG&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;economy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;3. Tests&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/CA3hr0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wickets taken&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://is.gd/BroXMh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;economy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T13:02:58.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2008" CreationDate="2012-12-27T13:26:38.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this scenario occurred when &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287862.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;India beat Pakistan&lt;/a&gt; during the group stage of World Cup T20 in 2007. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players who scored hits in bowl-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Virender Sehwag&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Harbhajan Singh&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Robin Uthappa&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players who missed hits in bowl-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yasir Arafat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Umar Gul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shahid Afridi&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-12-29T18:28:42.980" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T18:28:42.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2012" CreationDate="2012-12-27T13:34:28.993" Score="3" ViewCount="1499" Body="&lt;p&gt;For an international cricket match, there should be a TV umpire, a Match referee, and a Reserve umpire along with two umpires on the field,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is the third umpire of the above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the responsibilities for each of these umpires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T18:09:40.163" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T18:09:40.163" Title="Who is the Third Umpire?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|terminology|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2012-12-27T13:55:38.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;third umpire&lt;/strong&gt; is none other than the TV umpire. His duties include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Checking replays and different camera angles to determine if the batsman has made his ground in close run-out decisions that the on-field umpires cannot determine with their naked eye in real-time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The same procedure is followed for stumping decisions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a batsman is dismissed, the third umpire checks if the delivery is legal or a no-ball due to overstepping.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To check a catch is cleanly taken when catches are taken inches off the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To check if the fielder has touched the boundary line when he slides/catches the ball centimeters away from it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision of the third umpire is either relayed over the big-screen or is communicated via a walkie-talkie to the on-field umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Match Referee&lt;/strong&gt; has no active role to play during the game. His duties include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Observe the game from the sidelines and ensure that the ICC code is followed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make decisions and fine players for improper conduct after going through the umpires matc report.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Fourth Umpire/Reserve Umpire&lt;/strong&gt; is on stand-by in case the on-field umpires or the third umpire are not in a position to perform their duties due to various reasons. His duties include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take over as third umpire in case the on-field or the third umpire is not able to do so. The fourth umpire takes over as the third umpire and the third umpire replaces an on-field, if an on-field umpire cannot continue.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bringing a set of new balls in case of a replacement is required to the ball in play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2012-12-27T14:48:57.900" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T14:48:57.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2013" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2015" CreationDate="2012-12-27T14:38:42.963" Score="9" ViewCount="7098" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there is no need of declaring a match with limited overs format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even the world record total has been chased on that day itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, my question is, what do the laws of cricket say about declaring an inning in a limited overs cricket match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T20:29:25.717" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T20:29:25.717" Title="What do the laws of cricket say about declaring an inning in a limited overs cricket match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2013" CreationDate="2012-12-27T17:16:24.763" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/em&gt; say that you can declare any innings, no matter what the agreed length is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals, however, are playing under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot;&gt;ICC Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;, which modify the Laws of Cricket. Both the ODI and the T20I playing conditions say &quot;Law 14 shall not apply.&quot; (Law 14 is Declaration and Forfeiture.) The analogous domestic limited-overs competitions are usually playing under very similar rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So no, in practice, you cannot declare in a limited-overs game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really wanted to stop batting, all the batsmen could retire or time out, but that would go down differently in their personal statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-05T06:09:20.473" LastActivityDate="2014-03-05T06:09:20.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2004" CreationDate="2012-12-27T18:47:33.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imo I would say its a combination of the two. For instance Mark McGwire put up alot of good numbers (plenty good enough to get into the hall) but he admitted to using steroids and has yet to be voted in because of it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you do have to have good statistics but you also have to play the game the right way with integrity and sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be interesting to see how the voters vote now that we got more steroid users coming up on the Hall Ballot like Sammy Sosa, Roger Clemons, and Barry Bonds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T18:47:33.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2018" CreationDate="2012-12-27T19:09:09.767" Score="10" ViewCount="13520" Body="&lt;p&gt;More specifically to college football or even basketball, is a player who is redshirted allowed to play at all during their redshirt season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2012-12-27T23:00:29.503" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T23:00:29.503" Title="In college sports, does a redshirt have to sit a whole season?" Tags="|american-football|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2017" CreationDate="2012-12-27T19:21:36.447" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being redshirted doesn't commit the player to not playing the entire season; the team/player can change their decision part way through the year, but that revokes the benefit of having been redshirted (ie, that year would now count against their eligibility).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player plays in at least one game, that year counts towards their eligibility limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an exception if you start a season as an active player, and then get injured shortly into the season. You can retroactively be classified as a redshirt for that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2012-12-27T19:39:23.410" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T19:39:23.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2003" CreationDate="2012-12-27T19:32:57.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know how one could judge whether or not the monetary value people attach to these items is due to something &quot;other than nostalgia&quot;, but yes, sports clippings can carry value. Here are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.com/sch/Historical-Memorabilia-/13877/i.html?_ipg=50&amp;amp;_sadis=200&amp;amp;LH_SALE_CURRENCY=0&amp;amp;_from=R40&amp;amp;_samihi=&amp;amp;_samilow=&amp;amp;_fpos=&amp;amp;_udhi=&amp;amp;_oexkw=&amp;amp;_udlo=&amp;amp;_adv=1&amp;amp;_sop=12&amp;amp;_okw=&amp;amp;_dmd=1&amp;amp;_fsct=&amp;amp;_nkw=newspaper%20baseball&amp;amp;rt=nc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;some examples on ebay&lt;/a&gt;. The monetary value could be because the buyers believe that &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; people value them for nostalgic reasons, and they're hoping to sell these items for more than they buy them for. I guess you could call that speculative value, but still possibly tied to nostalgia in the end. I think the question of what gives things value is more an economics question, rather than a sports question, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T19:32:57.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2017" CreationDate="2012-12-27T20:04:18.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can vary a lot between sports so I'm not sure if there's a clear answer, but for the most part, once you've chosen to redshirt, you don't play anymore, unless you want to forfeit the redshirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In outdoor track, for example, people can red-shirt even if they've already run up to two competitions, and as long as it's before a certain date, and they have an injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1000" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T20:04:18.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2025" CreationDate="2012-12-27T20:37:05.007" Score="13" ViewCount="24180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone tell me why the NFL uses the current scoring format of 6 points plus extra point for a touchdown, 3 points for a field goal, 2 points for a safety? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a history or story behind why they picked this format? Was a different format ever used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was this format chosen over a 5-2-1 format for example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if this question has a good answer or not, but I couldn't find anything definitive on this in my research. Does anyone else know something I don't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="950" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2017-06-11T06:27:36.457" LastActivityDate="2020-10-28T13:09:34.303" Title="History of NFL scoring format" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2021" CreationDate="2012-12-28T03:18:20.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The evolution of the scoring system in American Football is described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_american_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_american_football&lt;/a&gt; and other nearby articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game evolved from Rugby Union, and at the time, the scoring just counted goals (similar to association football where this system is obviously still in place despite the rules of Rugby being officially 19-years older than soccer's (The Football Association) rules). Reaching the end zone merely gave you a chance to kick at the goal.  Over time, both American football and rugby tweaked the scoring system to put more emphasis on reaching the end zone versus the kicking game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason they arrived at these particular numbers was obviously just a long series of tweaking until the administrators arrived at a balance that they liked.  For the same reason, numerous other rules are tweaked every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:55:46.577" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:55:46.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2024" CreationDate="2012-12-28T20:44:04.720" Score="9" ViewCount="23923" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the 2012-2013 season, the Patriots released their captain list...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tom Brady&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Logan Mankins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vince Wilfork&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jerod Mayo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Devin McCourty&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matthew Slater&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, none of these players wear the traditional &quot;C&quot; captain's patch on their uniform. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T02:49:01.120" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T02:49:01.120" Title="Why do the captains of the New England Patriots not wear captain patches?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2023" CreationDate="2012-12-28T20:53:14.600" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_team_captains&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some teams (e.g. Baltimore and New England) do not have this patch on their jerseys but still designate captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A response on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.patriots.com/news/article-1/Ask-PFW-Lets-Make-a-Deal/e1f623fe-a2db-47be-8208-51ddfaf8c719&quot;&gt;Patriots.com&lt;/a&gt; confirms this and adds that it may have something to do with Belichick's philosophy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We've asked Belichick about this in the past and haven't really gotten a semblance of an answer. Basically he's said they don't wear the patch because they don't want to. He went on to say that football survived for decades without the captains wearing patches and got along just fine. It's obviously not a requirement but most teams adhere to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/boston/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4690712/belichick-bits-pats-dial-it-back-today&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; says something similar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Later, when asked why the Patriots don't wear captains patches, Belichick tossed a little zinger at the NFL. &quot;I guess that's another one of the new traditions in the league. I've seen a lot of football games, there has been football for a long time, and there have been captains with no patches and it seemed like everything was fine. I guess that's another one of our improvements, with the new overtime rules and all that.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this points to it being a choice by Belichick not to have the patches on his captain's jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T20:53:14.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2021" CreationDate="2012-12-28T22:05:59.017" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=OmwfnipKuogC&quot;&gt;The Anatomy of a Game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current scoring rules weren't decided on all at once. They evolved over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the outset, football was played according to whatever rules the two teams agreed to. The first rules meeting was in 1876. Before this, there was no standard ruleset for the sport of football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, it was the students at Rutgers, Princeton, Yale, and Harvard who created rules that varied from a strictly kicking game to a game that allowed running the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first ruleset, created in Princeton in 1871, included these rules related to scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Games are played to to 4 of 7 goals (best of 7)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No player shall toss or carry the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goalposts were 25 feet apart (kicking the ball through the goal posts was the only way to score)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Harvard drafted their own ruleset in 1872, based off of the Princeton/Rutgers rules. Theirs was closer to rugby, due to their Canadian connection with McGill University. Theirs allowed running and throwing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No player may run with the ball unless pursued by an opponent, and only then so long as pursued&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No player may pass or throw the ball unless pursued by an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scoring was still only by kicking through the goalposts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yale created a ruleset very similar to Princeton's, prohibiting picking up, throwing, or carrying the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1873, Princeton, Rutgers, and Yale met to organize a standard ruleset. The outcome was a set of 12 rules. Out of those, these related to scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Games are to 6 goals. Goals are scored by the ball passing between the goal posts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No player shall throw or carry the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1876, Princeton, Yale, Columbia, and Harvard met to further unify the rulesets (Harvard had not attended the previous meeting due to their commitment to a running/Rugby style of game). The outcome was 61 rules. Here is how they related to scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The rules defined punts, placekicks, and dropkicks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goalposts now were based on top of a crossbar 10 feet from the ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goals are scored by any kick other than a punt that goes through the goalposts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matches are decided on a majority of touchdowns (touchdowns had a different meaning than today)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A goal equals 4 touchdowns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A touchdown is when a player on the ball on the ground in &lt;em&gt;touch&lt;/em&gt; or in &lt;em&gt;goal&lt;/em&gt; so that the ball is dead&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players may run. If a player runs with the ball across the goal line and touches it down, it is called a run in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Backward throws were allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After a touchdown, the ball is brought out for an attempt at a goal (just like the extra point today)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In these rules, the &lt;em&gt;safety&lt;/em&gt; was not explicitly stated but it was called a &lt;em&gt;touch-in-goal&lt;/em&gt;. A team that has touched down the ball in their own goal were to immediately kick it away. These did not count against the team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1881, the safety was officially included in the rules, and counted against the team, but only in a tie-break situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In case of a tie, [play more]. If the game still remains a tie, the side which makes four or more safeties less than their opponent shall win the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1882, safeties became part of the scoring, and the tie-break advantage switched from kicks to touchdowns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Four touchdowns takes precedence over a goal from the field (which is worth four touchdowns)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two safeties equals one touchdown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was all part of an overall strategy to increase the pace of the game and eliminate stalling that occurred under the previous rules. Downs were also added at this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In early 1883, scores were first attached to the various ways of scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety: 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdown: 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal after touchdown: 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal from the field: 5 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later in 1883, scores were further amended:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety: 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdown: 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal after touchdown: 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal from the field: 5 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1887, scores became:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety: 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdown: 5 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal after touchdown: 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal from the field: 5 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1904 and 1909, the goal from the field was reduced to 4, and then 3 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1912, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=chNeAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;sjid=EWANAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;dq=5-points%206-points%20touchdown&amp;amp;pg=2545,4214302&quot;&gt;touchdowns became worth 6 points&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the history. It was never a decision involving the current scoring system versus something dramatically different. They were all incremental changes, being made to encourage certain types of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2012-12-30T22:58:30.137" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T22:58:30.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2001" CreationDate="2012-12-29T02:04:21.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_institutions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;There are 347 schools in NCAA Division 1.&lt;/a&gt; (This doesn't count &quot;affiliate members&quot; like RPI which are Division I in only one sport - hockey in RPI's case.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I count 36 sports with team championships, so since 1973 there have been at most (40 x 36 = 1440) team titles on offer. In men's basketball, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;only 35 institutions have won titles in 74 years&lt;/a&gt; and I count 20 in the 40 years 1973-2012. Assuming a similar distribution in other sports (I count 14 teams in 30 years in women's basketball) would suggest 720 institutions winning titles if and only if no institution won in multiple sports; that's not a safe assumption either. Also, not all of the 36 sports have had 40 championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sampled &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_institutions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the list&lt;/a&gt; looking for national titles. Of the 20 programs listed under &quot;A&quot;, only five (the Universities of Alabama, Arizona, and Arkansas, Arizona State University, and Auburn University) had won national team titles. (The University of Akron has a national title in a non-NCAA sport, archery.) This suggests that of the 347 schools, there are probably only about 87 with any team titles at all. That suggests to me that there are in the area of 260 programs with no national titles at all. I doubt the number is as high as 300, but I also doubt it is lower than 200.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The majority of the sample with any titles had several; the University of Arkansas, for example, in addition to one men's basketball title, has 40 across men's indoor and outdoor track and cross country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone wants to build a comprehensive list of title-less programs, start with the complete list of programs, then look through the sports and eliminate programs with wins. What's left is your list. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T02:04:21.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2030" CreationDate="2012-12-29T12:08:13.463" Score="10" ViewCount="30464" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a batsman has retired hurt while batting, will this inning be added as an inning in his statistics (Does it affect his career batting average)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about the innings count in the case of absent hurt?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T01:07:46.123" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T01:07:46.123" Title="How does retired hurt and absent hurt affect career average?" Tags="|rules|cricket|statistics|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2027" CreationDate="2012-12-29T13:59:30.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Retired hurt will count in the innings as notout and Absence hurt will count as match played but not as an innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1001" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-12-31T05:16:07.483" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T05:16:07.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-12-30T01:31:14.487" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 5 run penalty was first introduced in 1798: Penalty of 5 runs if a fielder stopped the ball with his hat. Why 5 and not some other number? We can only assume the law makers felt that 6 was too harsh and 4 too lenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="974" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T01:31:14.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2027" CreationDate="2012-12-30T06:50:30.327" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-batsman-commencing-innings,1338,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2&lt;/a&gt; in the ICC Law Book states that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batsman retiring&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batsman may retire at any time during his innings when the ball is dead. The umpires, before allowing play to proceed shall be informed of the reason for a batsman retiring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a)    If a batsman retires because of illness, injury or any other unavoidable cause, he is entitled to resume his innings subject to (c) below. If for any reason he does not do so, his innings is to be recorded as ‘Retired - not out’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b)    If a batsman retires for any reason other than as in (a) above, he may resume his innings only with the consent of the opposing captain. If for any reason he does not resume his innings it is to be recorded as ‘Retired - out’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c)    If after retiring a batsman resumes his innings, it shall be only at the fall of a wicket or the retirement of another batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Retired Hurt:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If a batsman falls ill or gets injured while batting, he may retire with the umpires permission. At the end of the teams innings, if this batsman does not return to bat, he is considered 'Retired Hurt' and is considered not-out. Statistics-wise, the runs scored by him will be added to his career total as well as the innings. However, as average is calculated by &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Runs scored / ( Innings - Not outs )&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, the denominator would not be affected by this game, as he is still not out. As long as he has scored a run or more before retiring hurt, it effectively means his career average will be better at the end of the game than it did at the start of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Absent-Hurt:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This is a scenario where a batsman is not able to come to the pitch to bat even without facing a ball, due to prior illness or injury. In this case, no runs will be added to his career stats and therefore, will not affect this average as neither will the (Innings - not outs) change. So, his batting average prior to the game is the same as that at the end of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Retired out:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If a batsman retired without the umpire's consent and if he does not have permission from the opposing captain, then he is considered 'Retired-out'. This is considered as a dismissal. Only two batsmen have retired out in an international cricket Test match. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63947.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Both instances occurred in the same match&lt;/a&gt;, with the Sri Lankan batsmen Marvan Atapattu and Mahela Jayawardene retiring out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T06:58:08.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2031" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2033" CreationDate="2012-12-31T01:19:44.747" Score="14" ViewCount="8559" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of basketball, does the ball just have to go through the hoop for the basket to count or does it have to pass through the net as well? I know this is an extreme rarity, but what happened if a player shoots the ball and it goes through the hoop but breaks off the side of the net and doesn't go all the way through? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2012-12-31T04:51:02.203" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T20:39:49.367" Title="In the game of basketball, does the net have any part of points scored?" Tags="|rules|equipment|basketball|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2012-12-31T02:02:07.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It only has to pass through the hoop.  The net is simply a device to help control the ball after it goes through the net and maybe provide a visual indicator that it made it through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T02:02:07.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2012-12-31T04:32:46.870" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 5, Section I-a of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_5.html?nav=ArticleList&quot;&gt;NBA Official Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; states that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A legal field goal or free throw attempt shall be scored when a live ball from the playing area enters the basket from above and remains in or passes through the net. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball just has to pass the hoop and not necessaily through the net. If the ball gets stuck in the net or breaks off the side of the net after the ball has passed the hoop from above, it still is considered a basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The net is in place to slow down the ball after a basket has been made, so that there is no need to chase after it. Also it helps in making sure that a basket has been made as the ball slows down, thereby eliminating doubts when seen from certain angles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T04:32:46.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2012-12-31T11:24:09.337" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, it's possible to share the Man of the Match award between two players of the same team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a day/night 20-over domestic match between Lahore Eagles vs Karachi Dolphins on 4th December 2012, the man of the match award was given to &lt;strong&gt;Atif Maqbool (Karachi Dolphins) and Shahzaib Hasan (Karachi Dolphins)&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/594131.html&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T06:17:27.647" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T06:17:27.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1946" CreationDate="2013-01-02T06:14:05.283" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I reckon he just rolls his first finger the other way, hence he gets a lot of drift into a RH batsman and it's easy to pick. The dismissal of Jacques Rudolph in the second innings at Brisbane wasn't the variation I've discovered despite what many others have said, he simply bowled an arm ball which slid on. He may be using the caroom ball method though, it's hard to tell. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1003" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T06:14:05.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1816" CreationDate="2013-01-02T13:31:02.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually people who have these kind of boots get this process done before they are worn. A lot of people say that doing this also decreases the lifespan of the boot. Older boots have the chance of the liner inside to start to break down over time which obviously makes it hard to heat mold them. Knowing that you have used these boots for 3 seasons and 3 seasons of wear have not maintained the shape of the liner, it might be time to move on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the other hand, it wouldn't bankrupt you to try. Most ski and board shops offer this service at a relatively cheap cost. Between $15 and $40. Check with the shop you bought them at and you might get a deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up. The pros of doing this is that it might actually work and you won't have to spend big money to purchase new boots. The cons of this is that you spend $15-$40 on the molding and or you have to buy new boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T13:31:02.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2013-01-03T01:49:50.550" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the basic reason gridiron teams play so few games is &lt;em&gt;the nature of the surface on which they play&lt;/em&gt;. The artificial surfaces they use in many stadiums today are extremely high-friction. This friction is what causes sufficient wear to prevent NFL teams from playing more than one game a week or for more than four months. Natural grass, though not as bad as artificial turf, is also a fairly high-wear surface especially in warm weather. This would preclude starting an NFL season during mid-summer even if it were more feasible for broadcasters and other stakeholder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although ice hockey is an extreme contract sport like gridiron, ice is a &lt;em&gt;low-friction&lt;/em&gt; surface that exerts very small forces on players’ bodies even during violent contact (of which ice hockey has plenty). As a result, if they do not suffer a collision with a puck or sharp skate blade or stick (which in fact can be &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; dangerous than collisions with giant gridiron linemen), ice hockey players can keep going for a long time at a physical peak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;European soccer surfaces (generally natural grass) do cause wear on bodies but it is limited by the cool and damp climate and youthful soils. Australian football (AFL) is played on much drier surfaces owing to the hot and dry Australian climate and extremely ancient (formed in the &lt;em&gt;Carboniferous&lt;/em&gt; vis-à-vis Northern Hemisphere soils from recent glacial till or mountain alluvium) soils that require much denser rooting systems for minimal nutrition. As a result, even a 22-game season with &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; less physical contact than gridiron is physically very difficult for tall and slimly built people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1005" LastEditorUserId="1005" LastEditDate="2013-01-03T01:56:57.147" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T01:56:57.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2041" CreationDate="2013-01-03T10:17:03.473" Score="5" ViewCount="124146" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the minimum number of overs required to bowl in the second innings for applying Duckworth-Lewis Method to find the winning side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T21:26:00.730" LastActivityDate="2018-05-29T20:21:17.650" Title="What is the minimum number of overs required to bowl in the second innings for applying Duckworth-Lewis Method to find the winning side?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|interruption|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2040" CreationDate="2013-01-03T12:20:34.537" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the team batting first has started its innings and there is an interruption due to rain or any other factor, Duckworth-Lewis Method can be applied. This DL algorithm is applied and the target for the team batting second is calculated based on the overs that can be bowled as decided by the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand your question correctly, you are asking when the result of the game will be decided by DL method and not when DL method is applied. This is done only when the side batting second cannot continue its innings due to the interruption and has completed atleast &lt;strong&gt;20 overs (ODIs)&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;5 overs (T20s)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T05:21:19.370" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T05:21:19.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2043" CreationDate="2013-01-03T18:56:33.127" Score="7" ViewCount="1900" Body="&lt;p&gt;The draft for the National Football League (NFL) now includes 32 compensatory draft picks awarded to teams that lost value in free agency prior to the draft. These picks are awarded at the ends of rounds 3-7 of the draft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this value calculated in order to determine what teams get these picks, as well as where in the draft these picks fall?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:55:18.333" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T17:31:26.030" Title="How are compensatory draft picks decided for the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2042" CreationDate="2013-01-03T19:35:37.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/2012-compensatory-draft-picks2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;states&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The compensatory picks [are] positioned within the third through&#xA;  seventh rounds based on the value of the compensatory free agents&#xA;  lost. Compensatory free agents are determined by a formula based on&#xA;  salary, playing time and postseason honors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These compensatory picks are placed after a given round (3-7). If 32 picks are not awarded using this &quot;formula,&quot; it will be added onto the end of the draft based on draft order as if an &quot;eighth round&quot; had begun (only seven rounds are used, picks that fall into this category are added on to the seventh round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2012 NFL Draft, one compensatory pick took place in the third round (Round 3, Pick 33 ... Pick 95 overall), eight in the fourth round (Round 4, Picks 33-40 ... Picks 128-135 overall), three in the fifth round (Round 5, Picks 33-35 ... Picks 168-170 overall), six in the sixth round (Round 6, Picks 33-38 ... Picks 202-207 overall), and 14 in the seventh round (Round 7, Picks 33-46 ... Picks 240-253 overall).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T19:35:37.360" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1990" CreationDate="2013-01-04T17:18:25.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Incorporate some strength breaks into your runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple times a week, I will stop every mile of a run to go through a set of body weight strength breaks. Push-ups (mostly regular, but will also do inverted/pike push-ups), One-Leg Squats, Burpees, Pull-Ups (run past a playground and use the playground).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T17:18:25.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2013-01-04T17:27:38.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need a bicycle that fits and is comfortable to ride any distance, but you should also train for the specifics of Triathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running off the bike is something you should train. Switching from cycling to running uses different muscles and is something you can train and get stronger at. You do not need to run a full 5K each time you do bicycle training, but once a week you should run 1 to 2 miles off a bike session. This is called a Brick session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T17:27:38.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="243" CreationDate="2013-01-04T17:36:02.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Age-Groupers drafting is generally (there are some out there but not many) not allowed in any triathlon even in Olympic distance triathlons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Elite/Pro racers on the ITU World Cup circuit are allowed to draft to make the race more spectator and TV friendly. This is also why they tend to be multi-lap courses, typically you see two lap swim (with short run in between laps), 6 to 8 laps on the bike, 4 lap run. You'll also see stadium seating near transition and the racers come through on each lap of the bike and run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T17:36:02.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2013-01-04T18:11:15.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Practically,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bowling strike rate = (no. of balls / wickets taken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1007" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T19:24:22.417" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T19:24:22.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2052" CreationDate="2013-01-06T20:31:13.513" Score="8" ViewCount="14309" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, is it legal to fake an extra point kick and instead run a two point conversion?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;E.g. they snap to the holder who runs it into the end zone instead of spotting it for the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would've expected to have seen someone at least attempt it if it was legal, given the occasional fake punts and fake field goals, but I haven't even heard of one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T13:27:28.977" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T13:27:28.977" Title="In the NFL, is it legal to fake an extra point kick and run a two point conversion?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|special-teams|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2013-01-07T01:05:20.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an &quot;official online distribution channel for regular season games&quot;.  It's called &lt;a href=&quot;http://gamepass.nfl.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL GamePass&lt;/a&gt; but is only available outside the US.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within the US, games are locked up by the contracts with the broadcast networks with the exception of NFL Network games - these are sometimes available live through &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL.com&lt;/a&gt; (or have been in the past).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastActivityDate="2013-01-07T01:05:20.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2050" CreationDate="2013-01-07T02:28:06.170" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal.  There was actually a fake 2 point conversion earlier this season in November during the Vikings/Bears game.  You can see the highlights about 50 seconds into this video - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-game-highlights/0ap2000000101022/GameDay-Vikings-vs-Bears-highlights&quot;&gt;http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-game-highlights/0ap2000000101022/GameDay-Vikings-vs-Bears-highlights&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorUserId="152" LastEditDate="2013-01-07T15:06:57.560" LastActivityDate="2013-01-07T15:06:57.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2058" CreationDate="2013-01-08T00:08:48.567" Score="10" ViewCount="64688" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a college player (football/basketball/etc) declares for the draft early and doesn't get drafted, can he go back to school or does declaring make them ineligible to play college sports anymore?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:55:07.597" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T22:27:58.223" Title="If a college player declares for the draft early and doesn't get drafted, can he go back to school?" Tags="|collegiate|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2054" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2055" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T00:10:33.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2066" CreationDate="2013-01-08T01:07:03.973" Score="7" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am midway through a season of indoor cricket having put together, organised and captained a new team at the start of this season. Initially it was a struggle getting enough players together to be able to enter a team and we played undermanned for the first few games which in any 6 a side sport, especially indoor cricket, is a huge disadvantage and can be quiet demoralising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a social comp/team and everyone has work and family commitments that make them unavailable from time to time, some more than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally I told everyone that I'd try and share the games around so that if we had more players than needed available on a given week, the player who had played less games would get a go. However we are now in the situation in which the players who have played more games are the ones who have been with the team &quot;through thick and thin&quot; having to cope with playing undermanned, which also costs them money since the indoor centre charges a flat rate per team per game. Other players have been unavailable less often and so have played less games but also therefore haven't had to put in the hard yards of building the team and making sure it could get off the ground. All of a sudden everyone seems available and I'm left having to work out who (potentially myself included) will have to miss games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is the standard etiquette in social sport in this situation? Should loyalty be rewarded or does fairness dictate the number of games be made as equal as possible for all players? Note that no one has done anything wrong by being unavailable, just that everyone has different levels of commitments to other things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I should point out, for those unfamiliar with cricket, that substitutes are not possible in any form of cricket including indoor cricket. The logical option of sharing game time that is possible in most other sports is not an option in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:39:23.173" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T18:13:36.727" Title="Who should sit out when a social sporting team has too many players available?" Tags="|team-dynamics|etiquette|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2056" CreationDate="2013-01-08T02:09:00.670" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar enough with Cricket to offer a specific, concrete solution.  However, in games like softball or soccer, it's not at all uncommon to have people split their time in the game.  So, person A plays the first half of the game while person B plays the second half.  In the case of soccer, it may be delineated by periods, while in softball it may be delineated by number of innings or, perhaps, the number of at bats a particular player has had.  Would that model work in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, for a different team sport like a bowling league, people do sign up specifically to be an alternate.  So, they only play and only pay if a primary participant is not available to play.  At least with this model, they know to expect not to play and are simply pleasantly surprised when they have an opportunity to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-19T18:13:36.727" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T18:13:36.727" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2053" CreationDate="2013-01-08T02:46:35.923" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding the NFL and NBA drafts, once a college player declares for the draft, irrespective of whether he gets drafted or not, he cannot play college sports again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/nfl-draft4.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The deadline for underclassmen, sophomores and juniors, to declare themselves eligible for the NFL draft is in January. Once a player declares for the draft, they forego their remaining eligibility to play college football, which means that once they declare for the draft they cannot return to play in college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association_Draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;College players who have finished their four-year college eligibility are automatically eligible for selection, while the underclassmen have to declare their eligibility and give up their remaining college eligibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2013-01-09T19:12:46.923" LastActivityDate="2013-01-09T19:12:46.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2056" CreationDate="2013-01-08T06:52:11.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do players that are available but are not playing, because you have enough, do? If you play it as a social sport, everyone wants to be there, even though they don't play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case, the best option is making sure that everyone has the same amount of time without playing (as a substitute). Otherwise, it can happen (as an extreme case), that one player is absent every other week, thus playing half of the games and being absent the other half. A second player, acts as a substitute when guy number one is present, and plays the other matches. This is very demotivating for the second player. The solution would be, to let them both play two thirds of the games that they are present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T07:47:23.020" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T07:47:23.020" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2061" CreationDate="2013-01-08T08:55:42.900" Score="17" ViewCount="17545" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it permissible for a fielder to wear hand gloves while fielding in cricket due to some climate conditions or infections?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we can see the football players wearing hand gloves while playing(but they won't deal the ball with the hand).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the Icc rules and laws of cricket say about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T10:59:13.893" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T10:59:13.893" Title="Is it permissible to wear hand gloves while fielding in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|icc|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2060" CreationDate="2013-01-08T10:32:40.737" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are very clear, the wicket keeper is the only player allowed to wear gloves. All other players would incur a 5 run penalty every time they touched the ball while wearing gloves. This includes for instance taking off your hat in order to use it to catch the ball (I have seen this done in a park cricket match!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Law 41 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_41.htm&quot;&gt;rules of cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 41 (The fielder)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Protective equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No member of the fielding side other than the wicket-keeper shall be permitted to wear gloves or external leg guards. In addition, protection for the hand or fingers may be worn only with the consent of the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Fielding the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fielder may field the ball with any part of his person but if, while the ball is in play he wilfully fields it otherwise,&#xA;  (a) the ball shall become dead and 5 penalty runs shall be awarded to the batting side. See Law 42.17 (Penalty runs). The ball shall not count as one of the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the point about protection for the hand or fingers has been the source of some minor controversy over the years. Cricketers frequently injure their fingers while fielding and will often be seen with fingers taped up or two fingers taped together to protect a damaged finger. Usually this is permitted without any comment as it can actually make fielding harder. However, some players have at times gone a bit over the top and used sports tape to such an extent that they may as well be wearing a glove. As the law above suggests, it is up to the Umpires to judge if the tape being used is only what is required for a specific injury or is being used to gain an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other convention that does not appear explicitly in the rules but is always adhered to is that spin bowlers may not use any tape or covering on their bowling hand. This is because tape would allow a much better grip on the ball allowing the bowler to impart much more spin than otherwise. It is also a matter of conditioning since spin bowling a lot of overs leads to blistering and even bleeding at the point of contact between the fingers and the ball. It is part of the art of spin bowling to build up the toughness of the hand to cope with this, rather than covering it with tape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T10:43:21.183" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T10:43:21.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2065" CreationDate="2013-01-08T11:41:46.930" Score="9" ViewCount="8319" Body="&lt;p&gt;I should probably start by saying I'm not a particularly sporty person, I did as little as possible whilst growing up, but in the last 7 years or so (and in my past two jobs) I've been playing 5-a-side football a couple of times a week. I started off terribly, and yes, I'm still pretty terrible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The people I play with are supportive, but I feel like I need to take a step back and entirely re-think the way I play. My biggest problem is a complete lack of composure on the ball, if I'm under any sort of pressure in defence I usually lose it, if I'm under pressure in attack I either lose it or just blast it towards the goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other thing I struggle with is that regardless of whether I'm shooting or passing, I either do a toe-punt or a Quaresma-esque hit of the ball with the outside of my boot. I really struggle to get any sort of control or power using the inside of my foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's frustrating is when I'm watching football a lot of people have commented on how good my understanding of it is, often seeing things that other people don't - but when I'm thrown into a situation where I'm actually on the pitch my footballing intelligence is precisely zero as I constantly panic and give away the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any tips on how to improve my game would be much appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1015" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T14:25:15.397" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T14:25:15.397" Title="Tips on improving my football skills" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2062" CreationDate="2013-01-08T13:14:41.933" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well.. Any answer here could be a little subjetive about this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would start saying that even if you understand the game, that doesn't mean that your body will do what your head wants to do.&#xA;The other factor is practice. When you are a young boy, your body learns movements a lot better that when you are growing. that's why players usually are young people. It's very hard to learn how to move your body while you are growing up. The best you can do at this point, is do a lot of drills on passing, movements and shots. You will not learn in the course of a game, at least not without help. The other thing you need is a coach (any type, even a friend that do the things in a right way), it can help you pointing out flaws he see, or at least showing you how to do particular things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even if you do all that things, there is a chance that your play never gets better. There are a lot of cases where coach where not great players, and great players are horrible coach (just see maradona coaching).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also, besides 5 a side soccer can make you go attacking and defending, start playing only one position until you get a better aproach on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T13:14:41.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2062" CreationDate="2013-01-08T21:31:11.507" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wow, where do I begin...? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, I would recommend anyone to identify in which facets of the game you are lacking (which you have done more or less). I think the biggest factor in improving yourself (no matter if it's football or public speaking or anything else) is to be objectively critical of yourself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have pointed out two important aspects of the game, namely technique and mental composure in the game (lets put aside the physical composure for a second). These are two very different aspects, which require different approaches to improve. What's common between them is practice. The more you play the more accustomed to playing you will get. This doesn't mean that you will automatically get better at playing, but you will undoubtedly feel more comfortable on the pitch. That aside, let's take a look at it one thing at a time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The technique:&lt;/strong&gt; this is obviously the hard bit. Shooting, dribbling, heading, accurate passing/crossing are all very dependent on good technique. Technique on the other hand is built on being proficient in the fundamentals, like which side of the foot you should use in order to send the ball to different directions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another good example is how you control the ball when it comes at you rolling or flying. You might have seen some players get really high/fast balls without a bounce, &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; for instance requires good skill and control, typically sign of a player who's got the fundamentals down. As @gbianchi has pointed out, this type of fundamental skills are much easier to learn at younger age, then it'll just sit in the backbone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, how can you improve? I cannot give you an exhaustive list but here are a couple tips:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A good shot always starts with a good composure, if you are off-balance or haven't placed your support leg at the right position, your shot will ultimately be a wasted effort. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;practice with using different parts of your shooting foot (inside, tip, outside, heel...) in front of a wall. Just to see how the ball reacts to your shot/pass. Likewise the point of contact with the ball is also very important. You need to get a feel for how the ball will react to different kinds of contact with your foot. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to increase your composure on the ball, ask a friend to help you out with the following drill: put one foot on the ball (the one you feel most comfortable with). Then ask your friend to try to get to the ball, while you just move the ball away from him, using your own body between the ball and your &quot;opponent&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7CEM5G0FPU&quot;&gt;check this video out&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The mental composure:&lt;/strong&gt; This bit could be easier than improving your technique, since it's entirely in your head and have almost nothing to do with your body. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, as I said the more you play the more comfortable you will be with the ball. Most important thing you need to learn/figure out is to &lt;strong&gt;not be afraid of the ball&lt;/strong&gt;. I cannot stress this enough. Even professionals end up being afraid of the ball at times, avoiding the ball and responsibility that comes with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Avoiding the ball is a terrible thing in two ways; 1) it will seriously hinder your improvement 2) it will leave your teammates in tough spots at times. There is no such thing as keeping a low profile in this type of team sports (especially in 5-a-side), you should always be available to take a pass from a teammate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you have established that getting the ball is not a thing to be scared off, you should concentrate on reminding yourself that &lt;strong&gt;making a mistake is not the end of the world.&lt;/strong&gt; This is very crucial to understand that mistakes are part of the game, and as it happens there is only one thing you should focus on, making amends. You lost the ball by a bad pass/unnecessary dribble? Win it back! Cleared the ball towards an attacker? Cover the shot! Team sports are all about taking responsibility, once you take responsibility for your mistakes your self-confidence will improve as well as your teammates opinion of you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that said, here are a couple of tips to reduce your stress while playing defense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Last man in defense? Don't go dribbling; last man plays safe: ALWAYS! &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unless you are extremely fast in your reaction times, don't rush the incoming attacker. Back up slowly covering the zone and the shot. Attackers (especially those who are skilled in dribbling) will almost always try and trick you into committing to a false move, and go the other way. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When outnumbered your action kinda depends on how good your goalie is. If the goalie is confident against long shots (i.e. has good reflexes), cover the run and the pass. Otherwise cover the shot. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Game intelligence:&lt;/strong&gt; probably the hardest thing to improve. It's easy to &quot;read&quot; the game, sitting in a sofa at home, seeing the tele-cam cover half of the field from above. It takes much practice and honestly a bit of talent to be able to read the game properly while playing (please note that I do not claim to have the talent myself :)) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I almost exclusively play defense in futsal (indoor 5-aside) and I think it definitely helps with game intelligence. You learn to observe how others play. Paying attention to tendencies in different players' game is a great asset for a defender/midfielder. Oh, and don't just watch the ball, as a defender you should always know where your opponent is. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Is he still where he was last I checked, or is he taking a diagonal run?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When playing as a more attacking role; keep in mind that you don't need to do something elaborate to be effective. I personally never felt particularly comfortable with dribbling, instead I prefer short quick passes, 1-2 plays as well as through passes to a teammate, or taking a deep run to outflank the defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SUMMARY:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice is king! Play more: practice what you are bad at before/after a game, stick to what you are good at during the game. Take initiative, talk to your teammates/friends on your progress. Most of all, make sure you have fun when you play. If you treat it very seriously you'll probably get too nervous. It's supposed to be fun, right? ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T21:31:11.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2056" CreationDate="2013-01-09T04:10:04.433" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been in what appears to be this exact same situation (captaining a social indoor cricket team).  There is no single right answer, but here are some ideas that appeared to work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, clarify your approach upfront, before you form the team or enter it into the competition.  If you said you'd share the games around, then you should stick with that, I suppose.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider the purpose of your team. If you want to win, you want to pick the best players, obviously. Or do you want to prepare yourselves for the upcoming outdoor season? Then you should prefer players who are likely to be involved in that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We always preferred players who come to training. That should narrow things down, especially when a lot of people become &quot;suddenly&quot; available.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prefer early commitments. If the game is on Friday, make people sign up by Monday or Tuesday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Share the blame, so to speak. Form a selection committee of some kind, either by naming a vice captain or by getting the coach or the club chairman or someone like that involved, so no one can accuse you of just making stuff up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can also prefer people who can score and/or umpire, as necessary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pick a few games that you want to win, and put your best team into that. Pick other games that you probably cannot win, and put everyone else into that. You need to find a balance, of course, but at least this way it's less than random.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do rotate, if that's what you agreed upon at the start. Sure, it seems a bit unfair sometimes, but you can always give those people who held the team together early on another go later. They would expect the same if the situation were reversed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do rotate yourself, to show that no one is above the system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your aim, as a social team, is not primarily to win at all costs, then your aim should be to encourage behavior that is conducive to the long-term development of your team, your club, and your sport. So encourage coming to training, encourage committing to being available, encourage learning how to score, encourage being a 7th man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-01-09T04:10:04.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2068" CreationDate="2013-01-09T11:02:43.657" Score="6" ViewCount="4558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it necessary to appeal for an LBW dismissal when sometimes it is clear that the ball would have gone on to hit the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the duty of an umpire to give the decision as OUT when the ball running to the stumps, hits any part of the batsman other his bat. If the bowler or any of the player of the fielding side did not appeal for the dismissal, what can the umpire do in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:57:16.757" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T18:57:21.333" Title="Is it necessary to appeal for lbw in cricket?" Tags="|rules|officiating|icc|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2067" CreationDate="2013-01-09T11:40:25.520" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leg Before Wicket (LBW) is never as straight forward as other forms of dismissals like Caught or Bowled. More often than not, there is that element of doubt as to whether &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball would have gone to hit the wicket or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball hit in line with the wicket or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball pitched outside leg stump or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If there was an inside edge before the ball hit the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full rules to give the batsman out LBW can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket,62,AR.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision making for the above can neither be given to the batsman nor the bowler as their decision could be biased towards their own team. Therefore, the only neutral person who would be in a position to judge without bias would be the umpire, and this is why the bowler/fielding team needs to appeal to get an LBW decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire, however, &lt;strong&gt;cannot give a batsman out&lt;/strong&gt; LBW, even if were to be plumb, if there is no appeal from the fielding team for the dismissal.(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals,53,AR.html&quot;&gt;Law&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-01-10T04:57:52.453" LastActivityDate="2013-01-10T04:57:52.453" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1990" CreationDate="2013-01-10T05:15:54.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The highly varied workouts in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crossfit.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Crossfit&lt;/a&gt; 'program' seem well suited to developing the all round functional strength and fitness required for obstacle races. If the race is very long (20 miles or so) then some additional long distance running might need to be incorporated into your program since Crossfit is more targeted at shorter burst activity with most workouts being under 30 minutes duration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-01-10T10:31:24.593" LastActivityDate="2013-01-10T10:31:24.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2072" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-11T04:07:11.750" Score="16" ViewCount="2737" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formula 1 has this rule of banning off-season (Apart from the official F1 approved tests at the end of February or the start of March) and in-season testing. This is done mainly to reduce costs to Formula 1 team owners and make their existence in the sport sustainable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.bettor.com/Formula-1-Testing-Ban-Divides-Teams-a18798&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Of all the different rules changes which have been enacted in Formula 1 in recent years, perhaps none has been as controversial as the ban on &lt;strong&gt;in-season testing&lt;/strong&gt; that started in 2009. The move was done to help to control costs as the sport dealt with the reality of economics in a global recession. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/formula-1-race-calendar-keeps-f1-fans-guessing-162158923.html&quot;&gt;And this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most, but maybe not all, teams will have their new cars ready to hit the track as soon as the &lt;strong&gt;off-season testing&lt;/strong&gt; ban is lifted - by which time they should also have a clearer picture of what the future holds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few teams that own private racetracks (For example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiorano_Circuit&quot;&gt;Ferrari owns the Fiorano Circuit&lt;/a&gt;). How do Formula 1 administrators ensure that testing does not take place on these circuits at any times apart from the ones on the official itinerary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:52:00.953" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:52:00.953" Title="How does FIA enforce the Formula 1 testing ban?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2073" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-11T04:20:53.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions related to testing machinery, equipment or components (either stand-alone or integrated culminating into a complete car) mainly in Formula-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T04:28:23.540" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T04:28:23.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2074" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-11T04:20:53.580" Score="0" Body="Questions related to testing machinery, equipment or components (either stand-alone or integrated culminating into a complete car) mainly in Formula-1." OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T04:28:10.793" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T04:28:10.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="324" CreationDate="2013-01-11T14:47:20.857" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While you can catch your own air ball, it must be an attempted shot, and not an attempt to pass to yourself. Generally it's clear what the player was attempting to do. When it's not clear, it's up to the referee's judgement what the player's intent was. I am a certified official in high school and college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1019" LastEditorUserId="10199" LastEditDate="2015-10-26T16:28:31.427" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T16:28:31.427" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2077" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-11T18:12:21.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the Indian Premier League (IPL), a Cricket T20 competition involving Indian teams that takes place every summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T18:59:34.067" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T18:59:34.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2078" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-11T18:12:21.800" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Indian Premier League (IPL)." OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T18:59:39.447" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T18:59:39.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2080" CreationDate="2013-01-12T13:00:45.140" Score="12" ViewCount="53927" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard time fixed in Test, ODI and T20 formats of Cricket, when a fielding side captain can ask for a new ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the captain of the fielding side doesn't ask for a new ball, will he be forced to have it mandatorily after a certain point by the match umpires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-12T14:05:09.883" LastActivityDate="2016-01-30T06:12:28.227" Title="When is the new ball due for all forms of cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2079" CreationDate="2013-01-12T13:30:08.527" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of Cricket say in Law 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a match of more than one day’s duration, the captain of the fielding side may demand a new ball after the prescribed number of overs has been bowled with the old one. The Governing Body for cricket in the country concerned shall decide the number of overs applicable in that country, which shall not be less than 75 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in Twenty20 and one-day matches, there will generally not be a new ball in the Test Match sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is the rule that in ODIs, two new balls are used, one from each end, but they are never replaced by a new ball (unless damage occurs).  The previous rule was that the one ball is replaced after 34 overs, but with another used ball, not a new one, and this replacement was manadatory, not at the request of the fielding side, as in the law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Test Matches, the law5 applies, and a new ball is available after 80 overs, per ICC playing conditions.  In English first-class cricket, the new ball is also available after 80 overs.  I haven't looked up all the other domestic first-class competitions, but the numbers are probably similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are not required to take the new ball.  You can use the old one as long as you like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T13:30:08.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2091" CreationDate="2013-01-13T21:33:26.627" Score="9" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an amazing comeback, the Seahawks got a TD with less than a minute on the clock. The running back Marshawn Lynch seemed to fumble the ball, which was then picked up by the center and carried into the end zone. I realize that the score was reviewed, but I'm not sure on what grounds...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the final decision in that case and which rules govern that situation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; Perhaps the question wasn't clear enough. What I am asking is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why was the TD reviewed? What would have changed if the ball was fumbled and recovered? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What exactly constitutes a TD when the running back takes a dive into the endzone? Does the ball have to touch the turf in the endzone? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user15443" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T07:11:44.657" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T07:11:44.657" Title="What's the rule governing the Lynch touchdown in the Falcons - Seahawks playoff game?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2088" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:15:00.530" Score="17" ViewCount="104925" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess it's commonplace to see a football team attempt a field goal on 4th down. Let's say the football team for whatever reason decides to kick it on 2nd or 3rd down and they miss it. Does that attempt count as a down and therefore can have further attempts on making it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T22:19:12.620" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T21:30:47.340" Title="What if a field goal is missed and it's not 4th down?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2084" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2085" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T22:16:01.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2086" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2087" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T22:18:56.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2083" CreationDate="2013-01-13T22:45:11.753" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;The attempt counts as a down. However, the kicking team will not have further attempts on making it as possession changes, given that the field-goal attempt is missed as outlined in Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the field goal is blocked on third down, the 2012 NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/26_2012_Official_CaseBook.pdf&quot;&gt;Case Book&lt;/a&gt; (page 62) suggests the following scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.R. 11.43 MISSED FIELD GOAL—BEHIND THE LINE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Third-and-2 on B10. Team A field-goal attempt from the B17 is blocked and: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;a) goes out of bounds at the B18;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: B’s ball, first-and-10 on B18.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;b) is recovered by A2 at the B15 who runs for a touchdown;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: Touchdown Team A. Kickoff A35.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;c) is recovered simultaneously by A3 and B3 at the B21;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: B’s ball, first-and-10 on B21.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;d) is recovered by A4 at the B19;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: A’s ball fourth-and-11 on B19.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;e) is recovered and downed by B2 at the B15;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: B’s ball, first-and-10 on B15.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;f) goes beyond the line and then returns behind the line, untouched by  Team B beyond the line in the field of play, and goes out of&#xA;  bounds at the B16 or is recovered by A2 at the B16.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ruling: B’s&#xA;  ball, first-and-10 on B20.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2&lt;/strong&gt; (page 58) in the &lt;strong&gt;2012 NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2012%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Missed Field Goals.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If there is a missed field-goal attempt, and the ball has not been&#xA;  touched by the receivers beyond the line in the field of play, the&#xA;  following shall apply: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(a) If the spot of the kick was inside the receivers’ 20-yard line,&#xA;  it is the receivers’ ball at the 20-yard line or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(b) If the spot of the kick was from the receivers’ 20-yard line or&#xA;  beyond the receivers’ 20-yard line, it is the receivers’ ball at the&#xA;  spot of the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: These options apply only if the ball has been beyond the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T14:36:53.373" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T14:36:53.373" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2082" CreationDate="2013-01-14T00:34:25.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ruling was the Lynch scored before he fumbled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were a fumble, the ball would have been dead where picked up by the offensive lineman - a fumble can only be advanced by someone other than the fumbler after the 2 min warning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="418" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T00:34:25.033" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2092" CreationDate="2013-01-14T11:11:47.603" Score="2" ViewCount="9167" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To select the squad for a series, who are involved in it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To select the playing 11 for a match, who are involved in it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that is, who has the most rights to do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T06:58:32.547" Title="Who are involved in the team selection process in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2082" CreationDate="2013-01-14T13:39:13.200" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What exactly constitutes a TD when the running takes a dive in to the endzone? Does the ball have to touch the turf in the end zone?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ruling on the field was that Lynch broke the plane of the endzone per Rule 11, Section 2, Article 1a of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A touchdown is scored when: the ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line and is in possession of a runner who has&#xA;  advanced from the field of play;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lynch scored the TD because the officials ruled that the ball was on the Falcons' goal line before he fumbled. Additionally, the rulebook notes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is automatically dead when it is in legal possession of a player and is on, above, or behind the opponent’s&#xA;  goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rulebook also sites this case specifically as an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Third-and-goal on B2. Runner A1 goes to the goal line with the ball over the plane of the goal line. He is tackled, fumbles,&#xA;  and the defensive team recovers in the end zone.&#xA;  Ruling: Touchdown. The ball is automatically dead at the instant of legal player possession on the opponent’s goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the ball was dead immediately when Lynch scored the TD by breaking the plane of the endzone, the fumble could not happen. The play was over the instant he scored. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why was the TD reviewed?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why the play was reviewed, all scoring plays and fumbles in the last two minutes of each half are always reviewed, outlined in Rule 15, Section 9 of the rule book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After all &lt;strong&gt;scoring plays&lt;/strong&gt;, interceptions, fumbles... after the two-minute warning each half, and throughout any overtime period, any Replay Review will be initiated by a Replay Official from a Replay Booth comparable to the location of the coaches' booth or Press Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether it was initially ruled a TD or a fumble, it was an automatic review by the Replay Assistant in the booth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What would have changed if the ball was fumbled and recovered?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, Section 7, Article 6 of the rulebook states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a fumble by either team occurs after the two-minute warning: (b) The player who fumbled is the only player of his team who is permitted to recover and advance the ball. (c) If the recovery or catch is by a teammate of the player who fumbled, the ball is dead, and the spot of the next snap is the spot of the fumble, or the spot of the recovery if the spot of the recovery is behind the spot of the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it had been ruled a fumble, the Seahawks would have had possession of the ball at the 1 yard line, where the center recovered the ball. In this case, either Lynch broke the plane of the endzone and scored, or he fumbled and it was recovered by his teammate, giving them the ball at the 1 yard line and another chance to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T13:39:13.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2090" CreationDate="2013-01-14T14:17:23.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selecting squad for a series:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Each country has a cricket board. This board appoints &lt;strong&gt;selectors&lt;/strong&gt;, who travel across various venues during that country's domestic season and watch a lot of players. Before any series, all the selectors sit along with the &lt;strong&gt;national captain&lt;/strong&gt; and decide the merit of each top performer and select the team based on skill, consistency, requirement, team balance among other factors. Most of the top countries provide the captain (Who is again decided by the selectors) voting rights but it is not followed everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selecting team for a match:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;With the team that has been selected for the series, the &lt;strong&gt;captain&lt;/strong&gt; can select any 11 players  for each match of the series. The &lt;strong&gt;coach&lt;/strong&gt; provides suggestions and helps the captain in making decisions, but ultimately the final decision lies with the captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dangermouse.net/cricket/selection.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T14:17:23.083" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2083" CreationDate="2013-01-14T14:26:34.107" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the offense attempts a field goal before fourth down and misses, the ball is turned over to the defending team. Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Missed Field Goals.&lt;/strong&gt; If there is a missed field-goal attempt, and the ball has not been touched by the receivers&#xA;  beyond the line in the field of play, the following shall apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) If the spot of the kick was inside the receivers’ 20-yard line, it is the receivers’ ball at the 20-yard line or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) If the spot of the kick was from the receivers’ 20-yard line or beyond the receivers’ 20-yard line, it is the&#xA;  receivers’ ball at the spot of the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: These options apply only if the ball has been beyond the line.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the wording here, the receiving team is the defense (the team that is receiving the kick). If the kicker misses the field goal on first, second, or third down, the ball is turned over to the opposing team. The kicking team does not get additional attempts. This is why teams rarely go for a field goal on anything except fourth down. There are cases where this may be important (e.g.: 3 seconds left in the game, down by 2 points, and the team is in field goal range on second down. The team is kicking in this situation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of extra rules and exceptions based on where the ball lands if it misses and stays on the field and whether the ball is touched by the defending team, but in every case the non-kicking team ends up with possession of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the kick is blocked or aborted (e.g.: the holder fumbles on the snap), possession will not change as long as the kicking team recovers the ball. This will give them another chance. In this case, it is not considered a missed field goal and Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2 does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T14:47:47.360" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T14:47:47.360" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2090" CreationDate="2013-01-15T01:58:49.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume you are talking about international cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is, the national board appoints a selection committee, and that committee selects the touring squad and the playing XI.  The selection committee may or may not include the coach or the captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual details vary in each country.  The selectors, if they are not coach or captain, are usually former players or cricket administrators.  Sometimes, being a selector is a part-time position besides the person's normal non-cricket job, but sometimes it's a full-time position, in which case the actual job of a selector between selection meetings is more like being a scout or being involved in player development somehow.  The chairmen of selectors is then something like a general manager or sporting director.  In some cases, when the team is on tour, not the whole selection committee travels with them, but there is a selector on tour who makes certain decisions, again sometimes together with coach and/or captain.  But of course nowadays they can have selection meetings by conference call in any case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personal note: I think it would help cricket a bit, if they made the details of this more public.  The public generally knows who the captain or coach is, but the details of how players are selected and by whom exactly are often murky and only come out when there are issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T01:58:49.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2096" CreationDate="2013-01-15T05:12:29.227" Score="4" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that ICC Champions Trophy 2013 will be the last Champions Trophy. Is it true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, what is the reason behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-15T08:58:12.333" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T12:31:31.093" Title="Does ICC intend to stop the ICC Champions Trophy?" Tags="|cricket|icc|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2095" CreationDate="2013-01-15T05:40:10.153" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, ICC Champions Trophy scheduled to take place in England this year will &lt;strong&gt;be the last&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was done mainly for two reasons:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There already is an ODI tournament, the World Cup, that features all major teams. Probably, the ICC felt that there is no need for another ODI global tournament.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There was no world tournament for Test matches. So it was logical that ICC scrap the Champions Trophy and create one for Test matches. In effect, ICC World Test Championship will replace Champions Trophy from 2017.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/646147.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC News - Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T12:31:31.093" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T12:31:31.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2099" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2100" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" Score="0" Body="Questions about martial-arts." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:05:57.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2101" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2102" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role(s) of marketing in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:35:02.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2103" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:35:48.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Intramural sports are sports played by teams organized within the bounds of a single educational institution, such as a college or university. This is as opposed to interscholastic or intercollegiate sports, played by teams from different institutions, each representing their entire institution. Intramural sports are usually purely recreational, possibly with a token prize or trophy for the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common level of intramural sports is pan-Hellenic leagues, made up of teams each representing a fraternal organization on campus. Other common arrangements include teams representing a residence hall, or fully informal teams composed of any group of players meeting the general requirements of the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-08T22:23:58.703" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T22:23:58.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2104" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:35:48.073" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports at the intramural level." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:35:48.073" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:35:48.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2105" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-16T16:49:04.017" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T16:49:04.017" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T16:49:04.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2106" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-16T16:49:04.017" Score="0" Body="For questions about etiquette in sport, what is considered proper and standard behaviour amongst players and officials and audiences. Questions about what is permitted or forbidden in the sport itself should be tagged using the &quot;rules&quot; tag only." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-19T00:03:01.383" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T00:03:01.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2109" CreationDate="2013-01-16T16:57:00.973" Score="7" ViewCount="1994" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose I hit a drive in the middle of the fairway, and my playing partner hits a drive considerably shorter into elements (forest, brush, etc.) in which finding and identifying the playing partner's ball is less than likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some players help other players search for their ball after an errant tee shot. On the other hand, some players choose to stand over their ball and &quot;wait it out&quot; or take their shot in the interest of time (although the playing partner, who is further away from the hole, has not played their shot yet). One may view this as rude and unsportsmanlike, but another may view this as saving face in the presence of competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf is a sport where accountability falls onto the golfer's shoulders. If s/he commits a violation, it is honorable to let an official know that a violation has been committed. On that note, what is the proper etiquette when a playing partner is searching for his/her golf ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-25T14:03:53.777" LastActivityDate="2013-06-25T14:03:53.777" Title="What is the proper etiquette when a playing partner is searching for his/her golf ball?" Tags="|golf|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2110" CreationDate="2013-01-16T17:22:00.597" Score="11" ViewCount="10554" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am part of a team that plays in an amateur league that also has a playoff at the end of the season. Our team is consisting of fit players that are not very tall but can run around a lot. However, not everybody can show-up to all of the games and sometimes there are some new players. The opposition teams are mostly fit and good ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team is performing as seen below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Pos.   | P  | W | D | L | GF | GA | PTS | YC | RC |  Last 5   |&#xA;  5.    | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 20 |  17 | 9  |  0 | W-W-W-L-D |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our success percentage is quite low, however, considering that we are a new team we are still doing OK; we have only 2 points difference with the 2nd team. We play on a field that is quite narrow but a little long, so horizontal passes cannot be made too much, whereas vertical passing is very easy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We play in a 3-2-1 formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                              ---- Goalie ----&#xA;&#xA;                               RB -- CB -- LB&#xA;&#xA;                               LW -------- RW&#xA;&#xA;                                  -- CF --&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a practical, defensive approach; the &lt;code&gt;RB&lt;/code&gt; and the &lt;code&gt;LB&lt;/code&gt; often move a little forward but do not really help the offense, while the &lt;code&gt;LW&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;RW&lt;/code&gt; need to move around a lot and help defense contain any attacks. The &lt;code&gt;CF&lt;/code&gt; on the other hand is single and needs to move around a lot and look for goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as you can already see, our goal average is not high enough, while the number of goals we conceded is not high either (we rank as the best defensive team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the previous two games (&lt;code&gt;L&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;T&lt;/code&gt;), I suggested the 4-1-1 formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                            ------ Goalie ------&#xA;&#xA;                            RB -- CB -- CB -- LB&#xA;                             |                |&#xA;                             V  ---- MC ----  V &#xA;&#xA;                                  -- CF --&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this formation, I think that the &lt;code&gt;RB&lt;/code&gt; and the &lt;code&gt;LB&lt;/code&gt; have to run back and forth a lot, while the &lt;code&gt;MC&lt;/code&gt; has to be able to deal with playing alone. However, I find this strategy good for both offense and defense; when counter-attacking, the team can help the &lt;code&gt;CF&lt;/code&gt; up to 3 extra players, whereas with the previous strategy, a maximum of 2 players can help. With the kind of players we have the new strategy of running more should not be a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should say that I am &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; the captain of the team, and therefore cannot add much to the team strategy other than simple suggestions. Yet, I am still curious about how we can improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be your thoughts on implementing this approach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to update, we kept the 3-2-1 approach but managed to play more and more as a whole team unit; attack and defend as a whole. The CB, GK and CF were essentially very very quality players, especially the CB managed to keep the whole defense in shape. I almost exclusively played RB and enjoyed the season very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What we sometimes managed to do was have the CF pull back and almost have the following formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                              ---- Goalie ----&#xA;&#xA;                               RB -- CB -- LB&#xA;&#xA;                               LW ---MC--- RW&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That when we have the ball launched to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                               ---- Goalie ----&#xA;&#xA;                               -------CB-------&#xA;&#xA;                               LW ---------- RW&#xA;&#xA;                                LF -- CF -- RF&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We changed our play style according to the team we were facing, having gotten familiar with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the final table:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;     Pos.   | P  | W | D | L | GF | GA | PTS | YC | RC |  Last 5   |&#xA;      2.    | 21 | 14| 3 | 4 | 57 | 44 | 45  | 16 | 2  | W-W-W-W-T |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We went on to the final of the playoffs and beat #1 to win it! Really happy the results and having contributed to this team!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="396" LastEditorUserId="396" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T21:03:44.737" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T21:03:44.737" Title="Improving 7 vs 7 team and strategy" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2107" CreationDate="2013-01-16T17:27:09.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your group has five minutes to find the ball. If the ball is not found, the player has to declare it lost and go back to the starting point to shoot another stroke (after assessing a &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/cs/rulesofgolf/a/rule27.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one stroke penalty&lt;/a&gt;). So, it is more feasible to try to find the lost ball as fast as you can. Since your group has to pass around your ball once your partner hit his second shot, there is no point in not helping him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also he can play a provisional strok before going to try and find the original ball to speed up play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see all the things you said on a golf course. Sometimes, we search for the ball. Sometimes, we only left one of us to search for it. I even finished a hole while a partner was still in a bunker struggling to get to the green (The ball was just a foot away from the hole. Therefore, there was no point in marking it). The main point is that you take your pace on the course and not put the groups behind you on stall for a long time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T18:12:43.350" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T18:12:43.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2108" CreationDate="2013-01-16T20:12:29.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to agree with @gbianchi's comment. If the field is narrow but rather long, you most likely won't be need a 4-man defensive line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As soon as I read your question, and looked at the first formation graph (which is awesome btw) I came to think of the games I've played with my team. I recall that we almost always ended up playing in a 2-3-1 formation: 2 CBs which are solid in their build and good in their passing, one midfielder who'll be the joker being practically everywhere he's needed, 2 wingers who're quick (especially when playing counter-attack) and good in dribbling, and finally one forward who's up for some roughing, challenging the defenders as much and as often as he can. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This formation has the benefit of being very versatile; given some pressure from the opposition the central midfielder can fall back to triple the D-line, and you can play &quot;wide&quot; midfielders (3-2-1). Given an attacking situation, you can triple the offense instead putting the pressure on the opposition defense, while the central midfielder can have a free role, or picks up the cleared balls/takes the long shot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No matter which formation you end up using, it's good to keep in mind that modern football is going away from solid formations towards a more fluid teamplay. Essentially your backs will need to step up, while your CF will need to come to midfield to help out. In my experience the most valuable skill for a team in amateur leagues is to be able to handle pressure high up in the pitch. You should have a good strategy to get the ball out from defense without much fuss, and also keep a high pass completion ratio. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact the field is narrow doesn't really mean much, other than you won't have to worry much about diagonal crosses. Short and quick passes between the CF and the left/right winger should be enough to distress the opposition. If not you can always try to sneak in the central midfielder behind the defenders with through passes from the wing, in that case however the other winger should be ready to fall back in case of a missed pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T07:33:11.643" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T07:33:11.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2111" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2112" CreationDate="2013-01-17T13:23:03.347" Score="6" ViewCount="20297" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will the batsman be dismissed as caught is each of the below scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the arm pad of the batsman and is caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the leg pad first, then hits the bat and is finally caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the bat first, then hits the umpire and is finally caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the bat first, then hits the batting partner and is finally caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T10:41:43.990" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T10:46:00.120" Title="Which of these situations are a catch?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2111" CreationDate="2013-01-17T14:02:01.510" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia defines caught&lt;/a&gt; as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batsman is out caught if a fielder catches the ball fully within the field of play without it bouncing once the ball has touched the striker's bat or glove holding the bat. If a batsman could be given out caught or by any other method except bowled, 'caught' takes precedence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 33 of the Laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt; has sub-clauses defining fair-catches, one of which is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;33.2.2.3 a fielder catches the ball after it has touched the wicket, an umpire, another fielder, a runner or the other batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your various scenarios,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the arm pad of the batsman and is caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; This will not be a dismissal as it has neither touched the the batsman's bat nor the glove holding the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the leg pad first, then hits the bat and is finally caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; This is considered a legal catch and the batsman is dismissed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the bat first, then hits the umpire and is finally caught by  fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; Refer 33.2.2.3 above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the bat first, then hits the batting partner and is finally caught by the fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; Refer 33.2.2.3 above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T10:46:00.120" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T10:46:00.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2143" CreationDate="2013-01-18T22:59:47.740" Score="17" ViewCount="3010" Body="&lt;p&gt;Saw these past few days that in the Australian Open 2013 Sharapova went two matches without dropping a single game. I'm wondering if there is any official record on the longest streak of sets/matches a player played without dropping a single game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1029" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-19T17:13:25.740" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T13:50:29.327" Title="What is the longest winning streak in tennis with a player not dropping a single game" Tags="|tennis|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2118" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2119" CreationDate="2013-01-20T03:26:28.677" Score="5" ViewCount="3948" Body="&lt;p&gt;In our 7 vs 7 league, we employ a form of zonal and man marking that is formed out of necessity; during free-kicks or corners we have a man-to-man marking that has been both successful and unsuccessful depending on the opposition. For the rest of the game each player knows their position and move around it, the most flexibility that we have is to move up and down the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We play in a 3-2-1 formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                              ---- Goalie ----&#xA;&#xA;                               RB -- CB -- LB&#xA;&#xA;                               LW -------- RW&#xA;&#xA;                                  -- CF --&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What zonal marking exactly means,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can it be implemented together with man-to-man marking,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If we can implement zonal or this mixed marking according to our needs with my own team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2108/improving-7-vs-7-team-and-strategy&quot;&gt;this question on improving our formation and strategy&lt;/a&gt;, there were some responses to have a fluid/team attacking and defending effort, and I have to say that when we could enforce this, the team was very strong. However, for some reason we couldn't do it at all the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also generally curious about how man-to-man and zonal marking systems work and what the recent strategies are within the professional teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.talkfootball.co.uk/guides/football_tactics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this web-site regarding football tactics&lt;/a&gt; there is little bit of information regarding both defensive systems, and I especially like this part on zonal marking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...every defender and midfielder is given a particular zone on the pitch to cover when the opposition has the ball. This is particularly important during set pieces, but does rely heavily on every player fulfilling their duties and keeping their concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, the opposition will be facing two lines of four players covering the entirety of one half of the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TpP5c.png&quot; alt=&quot;Zonal marking&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand, man-to-man marking is more dependent on the players and the opposition but frankly, we don't have the time to analyze opposition players too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am hoping to suggest this mixed marking to my team and I would like to get some opinions/references on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="396" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:50:13.203" Title="Zonal marking vs man marking" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|tactics|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2118" CreationDate="2013-01-20T11:29:07.927" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zone- vs man-marking is a common dilemma in many sports. I have come across it in both basketball and football. If one puts aside the fundamental differences of these two sports, tactically-speaking the idea is roughly the same: In zone marking your are given a portion of the field you're responsible marking/defending. In man-marking however you are given an opponent which you are responsible for shutting down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basketball the biggest threat to zone defense is passing the ball around, until you find one player open on the outside (since the defenders will not push up to their opponents but rather cover the area inside the 3-point line) and sink the long shots. The analogy in football is perhaps not as clear, but essentially the idea is the same. The defenders are link soldier ants who're given parts of the hive to protect. When an attacker comes within the proximity of the defender's zone, the defender gets engaged; will follow the opponent making sure the opponent doesn't get much chance to do something. For the attacking team, the strategy is then to &quot;drag&quot; defenders out of position. If successful this will result in gaps in the defensive formation which can be exploited by through passes or diagonal crosses. In professional football this happens usually in the form of a diagonal cross behind the reverse full back (see graph below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZS6Uy.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By dragging his defender down (in yellow), the winger opens up the zone (faded yellow), now unmarked, for his full back support (in blue). If caught unaware the defending full-back will be off balance, rush off to the advancing full back of the attacking team, leaving behind at least one unmarked player. Notice how the midfielders in the attacking team are also concentrated on one side of the pitch, dragging their defenders with them. They are still playable thus dangerous, but the real trick is the fact that the other wing is pretty much open. Essentially the player responsible for this to not happen is the outer midfielder who's in control of his zone, but doing no-good in terms of defense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team-work is crucial for this type of schemes to work. The defending team has to communicate continuously to warn one another for such runs, and opened up areas. Likewise if the attacker is attempting to take runs, the defenders should be aware of if/when to switch responsibility for a player. Alternatively (for CBs) they might switch zones, in pursuit of an attacker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your other question: &quot;Can you mix man-marking and zone-marking?&quot; Well yes, zone marking works up until the attacker is in your face advancing towards the goal, then you'll need to stick with the opponent until the situation is resolved (shot is taken, ball is cleared etc..) Furthermore, if the attacking team is playing with a single forward, then the CBs might choose to employ a strategy where one of them play tight man-marking on the attacker, while the other plays more zonal. The motivation behind this could be, a better physical match between the defender and the attacker, or employing an older and experienced CB with a younger but athletic CB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this makes some sense :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T11:29:07.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2135" CreationDate="2013-01-21T04:24:40.023" Score="5" ViewCount="38321" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, during the pre match discussion between India and England in Ranchi, I heard about &lt;em&gt;Dew Factor&lt;/em&gt;. They said that &lt;em&gt;Dew Factor&lt;/em&gt; will affect the match. Before that I newer heard about it. So what is the &lt;em&gt;Dew Factor&lt;/em&gt;? And how does it affect the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T13:52:42.560" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T13:52:42.560" Title="What is the Dew Factor? How does it affect the match?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2134" CreationDate="2013-01-21T06:05:34.233" Score="25" ViewCount="19940" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose, A batsman is on strike with 98 runs. The scores are level so the batting team requires only 1 run to win. Now suppose in the next ball, the bowler bowls a &lt;em&gt;No ball&lt;/em&gt; and the batsman hits FOUR or SIX. Will the batsman reach to his century or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-04-21T05:36:01.863" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T13:23:53.997" Title="Does the batsman get runs on No ball when the team requires only 1 run to win?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2124" CreationDate="2013-01-21T15:11:16.323" Score="3" ViewCount="1272" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kobe Bryant has played in NBA with only two jersey numbers - 8 and 24. Why these numbers? What is the history behind these numbers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1033" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T12:36:04.443" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T12:36:04.443" Title="Jersey number for Kobe Bryant" Tags="|history|basketball|trivia|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-01-22T19:28:19.737" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2122" CreationDate="2013-01-21T15:30:08.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bryant wore #8 for the following reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He wore this number playing in Italy as a child.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He wore #143 at the Adidas' ABCD Camp. Added together, this comes out&#xA;to 8.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#24 (or #33) was not available when he joined the team in 1996. #24 was worn by George McCloud. (#33 is retired in honor of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bryant currently wears #24 for the following reason:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He wore this number as he played high school basketball at Lower Merion High School (Bryant also wore #33 in honor of his father).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: (&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2421874&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;), (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/LAL/1997.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-21T15:48:15.147" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T15:48:15.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2122" CreationDate="2013-01-21T15:34:20.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2421874&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on ESPN.com from 2006 deals with this, although it doesn't site Kobe as a source and even says &quot;Why's Kobe switching jersey numbers? Your guess is as good as ours&quot; (more on this below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In regard to the number 8 (and confirmed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/lakers/news/behind_the_numbers.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bryant arrived at the No. 8 for two reasons. It was the number he wore when he was a kid playing in Italy. It also tied into the number he wore at Adidas' ABCD Camp, 143. The numbers add up to 8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In why he took 24:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bryant began his career at Lower Merion High School in Ardmore, Pa., wearing No. 24. But by 1996 -- the year he led the school to the state championship -- he had switched to No. 33, the number his father Joe &quot;Jelly Bean&quot; Bryant wore in high school. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Information around the web seems to confirm these ideas, but first-hand accounts of the switch from 8 to 24 appear to be lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some theories out there that Kobe wanted to &quot;one up&quot; Michael Jordan, who wore 23 for the Bulls, but the sources for this (&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Kobe_Bryant_change_his_jersey_number_from_8_to_24&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) are more sketchy than the stuff quoted above. Additional theories, including an increase in jersey sales, can be found in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.athleteslivehere.com/blog/2012/04/445/&quot;&gt;blog post&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2013-01-21T15:39:23.327" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T15:39:23.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2121" CreationDate="2013-01-21T17:44:38.947" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No,it won't go to the batsman,it will be counted as extras.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball#Effects_of_a_no_ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A no ball does not count as one of the six balls in an over, but it&#xA;  counts as a ball faced by the batsman.  When a no ball is bowled, a&#xA;  number of runs are awarded to the batting team, the number varying&#xA;  depending on local playing conditions in force. In Test cricket and&#xA;  One Day International cricket the award is one run; in some domestic&#xA;  competitions, particularly one-day cricket competitions, the award is&#xA;  two runs. These runs are scored as extras and are added to the batting&#xA;  team's total, but are not added to any batsman's total. For scoring,&#xA;  no balls are considered to be the fault of the bowler (even if the&#xA;  infringement was committed by a fielder), and since the early 1980s,&#xA;  are recorded as a negative statistic in a bowler's record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1035" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-21T18:03:43.730" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T18:03:43.730" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2120" CreationDate="2013-01-21T18:02:38.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.questioncricket.com/2009/05/dew-factor.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, dew (wetness in the environment) factor can change the direction of a match. Many-a-times, captains choose batting or bowling according to the dew factor or the moisture in the air. If dew is more, there will be less turn (for spinners) and for fast bowlers, the ball is straight. Therefore, the batsman is at an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1035" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T06:13:32.483" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T06:13:32.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2137" CreationDate="2013-01-21T18:17:39.520" Score="0" ViewCount="43299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming there are no overthrows and no extras (like no-balls, wide balls, etc), what is the highest a batsman score in an over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;If the ball first hits the bat, then the helmet and goes for a boundary, he will score 5+4 =9 runs/ball. So, in an over, 9*6 = 54 runs. Is this logic correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1035" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T11:01:30.510" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T11:34:05.353" Title="Highest runs that a batsman can score in an over?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2128" CreationDate="2013-01-21T20:53:53.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If all balls are fair there will be 6 balls in the over. If one batter faces all of these and gets the maximum score possible each ball, which is 6 runs for hitting the ball on the full over the boundary, then they will score 36 runs in the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T20:53:53.967" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2145" CreationDate="2013-01-21T23:49:20.667" Score="6" ViewCount="977" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine (an old scuba instructor to be honest) told me that a too slow ascent is unsafe because it increases the time you stay at higher depths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I have a good understanding of decompression algorithms (especially VPM and RGBM) and a good mathematical background, so I can roughly say that the risk of decompression sickness is a function of a derivative of pressure. In other words, the slower the better; if the ascent speed where near to zero, the risk would be near to zero too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I wrong? Could my friend's theory be considered true at some point in the history of scuba diving?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1038" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T01:59:28.957" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T09:22:04.870" Title="Is a too low ascent speed unsafe?" Tags="|scuba-diving|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2121" CreationDate="2013-01-22T04:59:31.820" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found it! When the batting team requires only 1 run to win and batsman scores run(s) on &lt;em&gt;No ball&lt;/em&gt; it does not count towards batsman's runs. So in the given case the batsman will remain on 98 and batting side will win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real Case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/engine/match/456663.html&quot;&gt;the 3rd match&lt;/a&gt; between Sri Lanka and India in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/engine/series/456661.html&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sri Lanka Triangular Series, 2010&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (between Sri Lanka, India and New Zealand), India required 1 run to win and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/content/player/35263.html&quot;&gt;Virender Sehwag&lt;/a&gt; was on strike with 99 runs. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/content/player/50438.html&quot;&gt;Suraj Randiv&lt;/a&gt; was the bowler. He bowled a &lt;em&gt;No ball&lt;/em&gt; and Sehwag smashed a &lt;em&gt;Six&lt;/em&gt; but still Sehwag remained on 99 runs because India won the match before he score runs. Have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/engine/match/456663.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary&quot;&gt;commentary on Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt; (see from 35th over).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T04:59:31.820" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2120" CreationDate="2013-01-22T06:29:24.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dew is basically moisture that forms during late evenings. A layer of moisture can be noticed on the grass field during day-night/night games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dew affects the bowling team majorly. A wet ball is harder to grip, thereby putting bowlers to a disadvantage. This is most notable in finger-spin bowlers who depend on gripping the ball to get the required amount of turn. Additionally, due to lack of grip, it is harder for the bowlers to maintain the desired line+length as compared to a non-dew environment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T07:32:40.270" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T07:32:40.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-22T16:56:57.470" Score="3" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to watching the NBA. I saw the name World Peace as #15 for the Lakers. However, I saw highlights of the same player, number, and team with the name Artest. Why these names? What is the history behind these names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1040" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T12:35:07.767" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T21:53:01.820" Title="Jersey name for World Peace" Tags="|basketball|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2128" CreationDate="2013-01-22T17:07:05.987" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of runs you can score of a single delivery is in principle unlimited, because the batsmen can keep running forever.  This was especially possible before the introduction of current Lost Ball rule, for example when the ball got stuck in a tree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T17:07:05.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2136" CreationDate="2013-01-22T17:32:59.603" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ron Artest changed his name to Metta World Peace in 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_artest#Personal_life&quot;&gt;Changing my name was meant to inspire and bring youth together all around the world.&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T17:36:42.630" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T17:36:42.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2140" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-23T09:14:57.563" Score="0" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;What websites and mobile apps are there that allow me to track my workout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I recently found &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;www.fitocracy.com. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other sites are there and how are they similar/different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1043" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T09:56:36.347" Title="Websites/Apps that allow workout tracking" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-01-23T14:26:07.080" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2140" CreationDate="2013-01-23T09:39:28.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It very much depends on workout style: do you refer to running? cycling? gym activity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nikeplus.nike.com/plus/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nike+&lt;/a&gt; - For running&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://runkeeper.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RunKeeper&lt;/a&gt; - For running and cycling&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mapmyride.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MapMyRide&lt;/a&gt; - For cycling  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Weedo Technology iPhone apps for gym activity:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/100+-pushups-getting-in-shape/id571934210?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;100+ Pushups&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/arm-workouts-sculpting-perfect/id574186211?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Arm Workouts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/200+-situps-redefine-your/id572230233?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;200+ Situps&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/200+-squats-striking-perfect/id572230466?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;200+ Squats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/abs-workouts-building-rock/id574186109?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Abs Workouts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/buttock-workouts-sculpting/id569749814?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Buttock Workouts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.PerformanceWorkouts.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.PerformanceWorkouts.com&lt;/a&gt; - for workouts and exercises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-01-23T09:56:36.347" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T09:56:36.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2142" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2144" CreationDate="2013-01-23T15:01:12.900" Score="4" ViewCount="399" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been noticing from a very long time, Cricket commentators read out score after every over. Why is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any historical significance, tragedy or story behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1035" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-23T15:03:29.340" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:43:59.223" Title="Why Cricket commentators read out score after every over?" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2013-01-23T15:19:08.207" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;What better place to start looking than to find the one of the most dominant player in tennis ever - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Vergeer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Esther VERGEER&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;:) &#xA;I found this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/wheelchair/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=55000204&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; and just did a quick scan (there could be longer ones I was hasty) and found from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2009 Invacare World Team Cup - Women's Event    27 Jul - 02 Aug 2010(I am guessing it's 2009 not 2010 possible typo by the web admin part)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mercedes Open  Utrecht, Netherlands  04 Aug - 09 Aug 2009&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She went &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;eleven sets (five and half matches) without dropping a single game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course this was only a quick search not an official one. Lets see how long this stand :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1029" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T18:51:49.433" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T18:51:49.433" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2142" CreationDate="2013-01-23T16:53:08.413" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket like baseball is a sport that actually works quite well on the radio, and many commentators on the sport commentate on radio as well as TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such 'voice only' circumstances you want to give your audience a summary of the score at frequent intervals, and with Cricket you have the natural cadence of the 'over' of ~6 balls, so this is often used.  The habit has carried through to many TV commentators, as often people will 'watch' a long test match for example with only half an eye on the TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T16:53:08.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2132" CreationDate="2013-01-23T17:21:47.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does lower the risk of decompression sickness, but let's take an extreme example.  Let's try for 1 foot every 2 minute.  You are changing the dynamics of a typical ascent table, which are usually made for the 30ft/min (1 foot every 2 seconds) ascent rate.  You are taking 60 times as long to ascend, so you are spending longer times at deeper depths, which does cause the build-up of more nitrogen, etc.  However, as long as you're not going ridiculously slow, I  think the difference is negligble in the grand scheme of things (remember, most numbers are worst-case scenarios anyways, as it takes you X time to actually get to your depth, you're not at 60 feet immediately, etc. etc.)  Safety static stops (usually at 15 feet) are also recommended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="497" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T17:21:47.043" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2149" CreationDate="2013-01-23T17:22:11.660" Score="9" ViewCount="1614" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several years ago, I learned how to bowl by palming (I have two fingers inside, but my thumb and the rest of my hand supports the weight of the ball) the bowling ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first, I could bowl toward the right side of the lane and it will come back and hit most, if not all, of the pins. This was predictable and reliable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as my arm got stronger, the same technique I used before resulted in a straighter path.  If I bowled toward the right side of the lane like I used to, I would throw a gutter ball. If I bowled toward the head pin, it will dive left before it hits a pin. It has been tough to be consistent and to find a predictable, reliable stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What steps do I need to take to (re)gain consistency in my bowling stroke? In addition, how do I adjust my bowling stroke to accomodate for one-pin spares?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-23T17:52:58.183" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T18:36:10.503" Title="Consistency in bowling stroke" Tags="|technique|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-23T17:23:17.060" Score="6" ViewCount="1178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found online that it was last played in the 1900 Olympics. It hasn't been played since. What are the reasons that cricket is no longer included as an Olympic sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="947" LastEditorUserId="947" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T08:37:27.060" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T08:37:27.060" Title="What are the reasons that cricket is not included in the Olympics?" Tags="|cricket|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-01-25T20:51:55.630" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18332" CreationDate="2013-01-23T17:40:42.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket was to be played in the 1896 Olympics, but never took place due to a lack of participants. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1900, four teams played (Holland, Belgium, France, and England), but two (France and England) played only one match. The participating teams did not realize that they were competing in the Olympics. However, in 1912, cricket was recognized as played during the 1900 Olympics by the International Olympic Committee. Therefore, England received a gold medal and France received a silver medal after recognition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket was to be played at the 1904 Olympics, but never took place due to a lack of facilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my sources, the reasons cricket was not included after the 1904 Olympics include lack of consistent participation and lack of attention toward it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics#Aftermath&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/134962.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-23T17:46:08.577" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T17:46:08.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2146" CreationDate="2013-01-23T18:57:09.917" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the sort of thing much better conveyed in person than online, I think, but I'll give it a whirl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some steps for you to take to build a consistent, reliable stroke, eventually get a hook/curve back and pick up single pin spares.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Buy your own ball.  It doesn't have to be super fancy or&#xA;expensive.  Something like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bowling.com/products/brunswick-slingshot-silver-black.htm&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is a decent entry-level ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Get the ball drilled at a local pro-shop.  Get it drilled with a&#xA;finger-tip grip (with grips) and make sure to get it drilled with a&#xA;thumb hole, because if you want to advance your game, you have to&#xA;put your damn thumb in the ball. :-)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Go Bowling.  You're going to be changing your grip and changing your&#xA;style, so you are not going to be very good right out of the gate. &#xA;Your goal at this stage is to get comfortable with your footwork,&#xA;your swing and your release.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things to keep in mind when you're getting familiar with your new grip / ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Squeeze the ball, don't grab the ball.  Your thumb should be&#xA;straight when in the hole, rather than slightly bent.  Your index&#xA;and pinky fingers should be very close to your middle fingers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep your wrist straight throughout your swing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Approach the line at a slow, and even pace.  Swing your arm like a&#xA;pendulum.  As your arm comes down from the apex, it will build up&#xA;some speed.  Your thumb will come out first on your release, you'll&#xA;want to lift with your fingers and 'shake hands' with the air.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should give you a nice hook.  As you get comfortable with this, it's easily tweaked to enhance the hook to a point where you feel most confident.  But, for now, it's baby-steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to minimize the hook for single pin spares, you will want to spread your index and pinky fingers away from your middle fingers, allow your wrist to bend backwards, follow through 'straight up' (no handshake) and throw directly at your pin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T18:57:09.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2249" CreationDate="2013-01-23T22:36:32.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to @Refineo's links, I was also able to find some other websites, but nothing really conclusive, or useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the MTNapproach skis: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.climb.co.at/index.php?lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.climb.co.at/index.php?lang=en&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian Patent holder of folding x-country skis:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vector-ski.com/collski_e.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.vector-ski.com/collski_e.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Backcountry style, but no longer available for sale: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.zigzagtour.de/index2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.zigzagtour.de/index2.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Home-made folding skis: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.woodly.de/blog/?p=41&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.woodly.de/blog/?p=41&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="323" LastEditorUserId="323" LastEditDate="2013-01-24T10:13:38.080" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T10:13:38.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2013-01-24T03:42:03.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following two Midwestern races are flat and scenic: Bayshore marathon in Traverse City, MI, in May, and a marathon in St. Charles, IL, in September. I ran them both and really liked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have not mentioned if you tolerate heat and/or cold. What's your preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T03:42:03.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-24T03:50:49.297" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've ran twenty marathons and ultras, so far without injuries. I think this is because I do a lot of strength training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The simplest is walking upstairs and downstairs. My building has 30 floors, and walking up and down 3-4 times is a nice workout in bad weather. When I walk upstairs, I step on the balls of my feet only, which better develops my calves and ankles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I do a lot of core training, including kayaking - it develops pretty much the same muscles as sit ups, and is more scenic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T03:50:49.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="182" CreationDate="2013-01-24T03:59:58.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I prefer to run the second half 1-2 minutes faster then the first. When it is not hot, I can and do manage that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the weather might object. It can get up to 20 degrees hotter by the time I get to the finish line. If that is the case, I just maintain the same level of effort, so that I do not hit the wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T03:59:58.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="298" CreationDate="2013-01-24T04:11:12.400" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think running on slippery icy surfaces is a great way of learning proper technique. We have to land exactly under our center of gravity, otherwise we fall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that regardless of speed, the steps should have pretty much the same length. To change speed, we change the cadence. We should not make longer or shorter steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T04:11:12.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="217" CreationDate="2013-01-24T04:28:41.163" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last year I ran two ultras and four marathons, all quite slowly, all but one with negative splits, and it feels very good. I completed two marathons on two consecutive weekends, and enjoyed them both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before that, I was trying to improve my speed, running 1-2 races per year, and that definitely was less healthy for me. I did not like tapering - last week before the race just felt terrible. I hated the recovery - I'd rather work out than rest because of sore muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for me trying to run one marathon per year with full effort was not healthy and not enjoyable at all. Running multiple ones with enjoyable speed, not hitting the wall ever, with negative splits, and no pain is a lot of fun. I am just staying in shape all the time, and enjoying a good scenic race whenever I feel like it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are all different. What works for me might not work for others. I am not cut out for fast running: I do not look like a lean gazelle. On the other hand, having considerable muscles and thick and strong tendons allows me to run injury-free, even though it prevents me from running fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have lean friends who have real chances to qualify for Boston, (1-2 minutes short), but keep spending considerable time every year limping. They are much faster but more prone to injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T04:28:41.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2013-01-24T09:22:41.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of the three major marathons I have run (Edinburgh, Paris and London) I would recommend the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.virginlondonmarathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;London Marathon&lt;/a&gt; as having the best atmosphere, and for being the classic marathon for amateur runners. There are tens of thousands of entry places for charities and the entire day is very supportive to those runners who aren't at a professional place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.schneiderelectricparismarathon.com/us/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paris Marathon&lt;/a&gt; provides amazing scenery (42.195km in the most beautiful city in the world, as their site claims), and has one of my favourite sections - the Bois de Boulogne, where stalls are set up not with fruit or water, but with wines, cakes and cheeses - not conducive to a fast pace, but very pleasant for those last few miles before the finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.edinburghmarathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edinburgh Marathon&lt;/a&gt; is the second largest marathon in the UK, but is a very fast marathon (voted the fastest marathon in the UK in 2008), with a few hills, but nothing steep (they used to include a steep run up Arthur's Seat, but the pros complained about the pace...) - there is an amazing run all along the coast, which can cool you down on a hot day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2017-01-17T09:34:13.117" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T09:34:13.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="707" CreationDate="2013-01-24T09:34:59.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One tip is hitting the shuttle while travelling down in a jump. Never hit the shuttle while going up as it reduces your reaction time for next shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1048" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T09:34:59.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2013-01-24T20:54:39.470" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As most probably you're doing this for fun, then choose the marathons that you like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First you should settle on a type of marathon, because you enumerated quite a few. And on the distance as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marathon des Sables is a more than 240km race, more or less self-sustained, so you should be in a quite good shape to finish it. Antarctic Ice Marathon has a 21, 42 and 100km version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you have depending on the distance half, marathon, ultra and multi-day ultramarathons. Then, depending on the terrain, you can run on road, mountain, sand/desert and ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to run on desert you should start with the Sahara marathon in Alger which is a classical one compared to Marathon des Sables. If you want to run on ice, Antarctic or North Pole Marathons are quite expensive (over 10k EUR), but you also have the Polar Circle, Siberian Ice (actually a half one) or Baikal (you're running on the frozen lake) marathons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want on the road, as you're from Denmark, there are plenty of options in Europe, almost every major city having one. So just a pick a city you want to visit and search for its marathon. Berlin one has a very flat profile so it's very good for setting good times :) (world record is registered there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want on the mountains, Spain and Italy have very good choices. Also Romania, where I live, has very good choices in this area with beautiful and wild scenery. All half, marathon and ultra version. Biathlon and triathlon too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also have interesting marathons, like the ones in UK running against horses or a train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Later update&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I see that you edited your question and said that you want marathons with a history behind, as flat as possible and great scenery. Usually the flat ones will have more of an urban landscapes. For wild scenery, definitely you must go for the mountains. For the seaside you could try &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.limassolmarathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Limassol marathon&lt;/a&gt; in Cyprus. And it has just only one small hill. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to history there's nothing better than the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.athensmarathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;classic&lt;/a&gt; marathon with a history of over 2500 years. If you want go into ultramarathons, then you should try the original challenge, Spartathlon or Phillipide's challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must reiterate that you should consider combining a city break with a marathon, it's double the fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you also want an added thrill you could try North Korea, Ghaza or running in Africa with the lions and rhinos in Big Five. Or you could try at night or underwater. Or if you love the heat, you could also try the option of Dead Sea marathon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorUserId="989" LastEditDate="2015-12-10T11:26:16.957" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T11:26:16.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2162" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2163" CreationDate="2013-01-25T05:00:45.517" Score="1" ViewCount="434" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/7898.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Peter Siddle&lt;/a&gt; is currently considered to be the leader of the bowling attack in Test matches for Australia, however he is never considered for any limited overs cricket. Is this entirely due to the selectors wanting to keep him fit and rested for Test matches, or is there something about his bowling style that makes him unsuitable for white ball cricket, even though he is considered the leading red ball bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One possibility I can think of is that his style of 'hit the pitch' seam bowling is perhaps less suited to limited overs cricket which seems to be more about variations, such as slower balls, and swing bowling these days. Siddle to my knowledge does not posses a good slower ball and doesn't get a lot of swing. On the other hand, plenty of other good limited overs fast bowlers have a similar style. Siddle's consistency and accuracy seem like useful weapons for limited overs cricket, much like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/6565.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Glenn McGrath&lt;/a&gt; who also didn't get a lot of swing or bowl slower balls yet was an excellent ODI bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T06:14:28.327" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T13:16:33.263" Title="Why is Peter Siddle considered to be a Test match specialist?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-03-20T12:50:51.780" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2162" CreationDate="2013-01-25T13:08:03.077" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no definition of being a &quot;Test Match Specialist&quot; per se, but yes, Peter Siddle has been labelled as one by the Australian selectors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact reason for this could only be given by the Australian selectors, but I can speculate and think of the below reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Experience&lt;/strong&gt; - With the retirements of stalwarts like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/6565.html&quot;&gt;Glenn McGrath&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/5392.html&quot;&gt;Jason Gillespie&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/8166.html&quot;&gt;Shane Warne&lt;/a&gt; and with frequent injuries and subsequent retirement of the experienced &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/6278.html&quot;&gt;Brett Lee&lt;/a&gt;, the Australian selectors might have felt that it would best serve the team if there was some experienced bowler who could guide the team in this transition phase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rotation&lt;/strong&gt; - To keep the quicker bowlers fresh, Australian selectors have been following this policy of rotation. The need for rotation is even more relevant in keeping young guns like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/489889.html&quot;&gt;Pat Cummins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/311592.html&quot;&gt;Mitchell Starc&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/272465.html&quot;&gt;James Pattinson&lt;/a&gt;, injury free. Making Siddle a test-specialist would give him ample time to recover when the itinerary hits the ODI and T20 period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Performance in the shorter version&lt;/strong&gt; - Having a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/7898.html&quot;&gt;Siddle's statistics&lt;/a&gt;, his performance in the shorter version hasn't been as good as it has in Tests. The selectors might have deemed fit that the younger and faster bowlers would be better suited to the limited-overs version of the game and the Test bowling attack could be built around Siddle with the youngsters rotated to partner him.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lack of Variety&lt;/strong&gt;: Like you mention in the question, limited-overs cricket these days is about variety and out-thinking the batsman than actually bowling good line and length. Gone are the days when batsmen played the ball on its merit. With the advent of T20, most batsmen try to hit every ball to the boundary or over it. In ODIs too one can observe the drastic decrease of left-alones to the wicket keeper to deliveries outside off-stump without the batsmen attempting a stroke. Keeping a constant line and length would make oneself predictable and therefore the batsmans job that much easier.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Mcgrath was from a different era and the batsmen and their mentality was different then to what it is now. Also with all due respect to Siddle, Mcgrath was in a league of his own. So it would not be a valid comparison.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T13:16:33.263" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T13:16:33.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2235" CreationDate="2013-01-25T20:06:43.527" Score="2" ViewCount="1032" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tiger Woods has made &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/golf/story/_/id/8865487/tiger-woods-reinvents-golf-swing-third-time-career-espn-magazine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;headlines&lt;/a&gt; for changing his golf swing multiple times in his professional career. As a pro, Woods has changed his golf swing three times under Butch Harmon, Hank Haney, and most recently Sean Foley. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Woods's pro statistics before each swing change:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;June 1997, pro swing change No. 1.&lt;/strong&gt; Tour events prior to change: 17.&#xA;  Wins: 5. Winning percentage: 29.4 percent. (Majors: 1. Wins: 1.&#xA;  Winning percentage: 100 percent.) World rank at time of swing change:&#xA;  2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;March 2004, swing change No. 2.&lt;/strong&gt; Tour events since prior change: 132.&#xA;  Wins: 35. Winning percentage: 26.5 percent. (Majors: 27. Wins: 7.&#xA;  Winning percentage: 25.9 percent.) World rank at time of change: 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;August 2010, swing change No. 3.&lt;/strong&gt; Tour events since prior change: 91.&#xA;  Won: 31. Winning percentage: 34.1 percent. (Majors: 23. Wins: 6.&#xA;  Winning percentage: 26.1 percent.) World rank at time of change: 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Woods's experience of changing his swing is an exception. Other golfers, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.padraigharrington.com/padraigs_swing.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Padraig Harrington&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldgolfhalloffame.org/hof/member.php?member=1014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sir Nick Faldo&lt;/a&gt;, have not had an equitable level of success after changing their golf swing. In Faldo's case, it took several years for his swing change to click.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is it worthwhile to change your golf swing?&lt;/strong&gt; What are the reasons for changing your golf swing? What factors play into the &quot;growing pains&quot; associated with changing your golf swing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T23:36:15.820" Title="Is it worthwhile to change your golf swing?" Tags="|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1125" CreationDate="2013-01-25T21:22:11.370" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams may also find it smart to tank in order to avoid playoff mediocrity. There is very little point for a team with subpar talent to make a low seed, only to get a first round exit. The only reason they would want to do this is if they already have solid, young players (see Oklahoma City Thunder 2009-2010), and they want them to gain some experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the subject of OKC, the team was in the lottery for many years, stocking up picks while not really signing any big free agents. This led to the drafting of Durant, Westbrook, Green, and Ibaka. This is considered rebuilding and can be interpretted as a form of tanking since the team has no intention of a winning record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T21:22:11.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2690" CreationDate="2013-01-26T04:14:06.650" Score="8" ViewCount="2057" Body="&lt;p&gt;For somebody that is a little experienced with regular snowboarding (around 10 years of basic snowboarding), what would be the ideal way to starting halfpipe snowboarding?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SzcYz.gif&quot; alt=&quot;halfpipe&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have done some research and saw that there are some basic tips on the halfpipe snowboarding   out there. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/529895-how-to-learn-the-basics-of-riding-the-half-pipe-in-snowboarding/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This source&lt;/a&gt; suggests just delving right to it, the only precursor is having to buy a helmet. Similarly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abc-of-snowboarding.com/snowboardinghalfpipe.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When riding the Halfpipe for the first time, it is important that you practice first. You can do this by simply traversing the transitions of the Halfpipe[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not entirely sure if jumping right to it (without any schooling) is the best idea there is (judging from my experiences with jumping the bumps on my own and causing many issues). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your experience, having clocked some snowboarding time, what would be the best way to start the halfpipe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="396" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T17:00:14.737" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T17:00:38.063" Title="How to start with halfpipe snowboarding?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1959" CreationDate="2013-01-26T04:58:45.857" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that my answer is rather late and I like Orangecrush's answer as well. However, I don't think all of the factors of their descent in power has been in their control. To complete the suggestions of Orangecrush's answer, one has to go back a couple of years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Start &amp;amp; End of the Rafa Benitez Era&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rafa Benitez took over control of LFC at the end of the 03-04 season. He is a tactical mind and has a systematic reign over any club that he chooses to train. I am quite fond of his tactics, especially when it comes to creating deep squads and having a player circulation with the extensive football fixtures out there. After taking control of LFC, he had the infamous AC Milan victory in Istanbul, finished third in the Premier League, became runners-up for the Champions League in 2007 and then followed this all with a 2nd place finish in 08-09. The last year of Rafa's tenure was the following season, when LFC failed and finished 7th in the EPL (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Change of Ownership: The Gillet Era&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Rafa Benitez was in control of the football team, Gillet and Hicks became owners of the club to the somewhat dissatisfaction of the loyal Liverpool KOP (Gillet family &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_N._Gillett_Jr.#North_American_sports_interests&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;also own the majority of the Canadiens here in Montreal&lt;/a&gt; and that team has not seen any success in decades, either). Only a single season when Rafa Benitez was not successful was enough for the American owners to part ways with him, whereas Rafa's approach (as Arsene Wenger's and Sir Alex Ferguson's) has always been systematic and required patience and stability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Financial Challenges and loss of Key Players&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 10-11 LFC was very close to bankruptcy and in dire need of cash. The club has already lost key players like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xabi_Alonso&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Xabi Alonso&lt;/a&gt; to the likes of Real Madrid, a key opponent in the European competition. More and more players have parted ways with LFC, while the club struggled to keep hold of even their infamous captain, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Gerard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steven Gerard&lt;/a&gt;. Finally, the club let go of the indispensable &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Torres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fernando Torres&lt;/a&gt; and in a yet undefined, stupid move purchased mediocre players like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Carroll&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andy Carroll&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The coming of the Manchester City FC and Chelsea FC&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last but not least, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manchester City&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea&lt;/a&gt;, both regular mid-table performers have been purchased by oil-rich owners and had their bank accounts flooded with money. The teams purchased top talent into the EPL that the likes of which could only competed with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manchester United&lt;/a&gt;. With all the money and the following success, it has been very, very difficult for LFC to bring in top talent into the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the instability caused by the number of departures (especially post-Rafa Benitez era) and the change of power in the EPL have signalled the difficult days ahead for LFC. Arsenal have faced the same situation as well, and are struggling with adapting to the situation. The bringing of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Rogers&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brendan Rogers&lt;/a&gt; to lead the team has been a brilliant move, especially after his success at Swansea City. Yet, his challenges are huge; just take a look at the situation created by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;King Kenny Dalglish&lt;/a&gt; and the star forward &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Suárez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="396" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T04:58:45.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2171" CreationDate="2013-01-26T15:20:33.570" Score="4" ViewCount="2474" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I was watching bowling, after the first throw, only the 10 pin remained.&#xA;The ESPN commentators sometimes called it a 'ringing' 10 pin and at times a 'solid' 10 pin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between these 2 terms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1054" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-26T17:38:06.790" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T01:58:33.873" Title="Bowling: What is the difference between a 'ringing 10' and a 'solid 10'?" Tags="|terminology|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2170" CreationDate="2013-01-26T15:58:08.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A ringing 10 pin takes place when the 6 pin wraps/flies around the 10 pin, the 10 pin is struck, but the 10 pin is left standing&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://bowling.about.com/od/bowlingglossary/g/g_ringingten.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. A solid 10 pin takes place when the 6 pin wraps/flies around the 10 pin, the 10 pin remains untouched and is left standing. This is more common for right-handed bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T01:58:33.873" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T01:58:33.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2203" CreationDate="2013-01-26T17:17:35.930" Score="7" ViewCount="18389" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between the Power Forward (PF) and Center (C) positions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several PF/C players, such as Tim Duncan, have been considered a power forward and/or a center. Based on the differences between the positions, which position best defines players like Tim Duncan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ORIGINAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the Dan Patrick Show: &lt;a href=&quot;http://msn.foxsports.com/topics/m/video/57663322/dan-patrick-show-karl-malone.htm&quot;&gt;http://msn.foxsports.com/topics/m/video/57663322/dan-patrick-show-karl-malone.htm&lt;/a&gt; At the 11:15 mark, Karl Malone calls Tim Duncan a center; however, Duncan is usually considered to be a power forward. Often times, he is called the &quot;greatest power foward of all time&quot; by such media as the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bleacher Report: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1442888-ranking-tim-duncan-with-the-best-power-forwards-of-all-time/page/11&quot;&gt;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1442888-ranking-tim-duncan-with-the-best-power-forwards-of-all-time/page/11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ESPN: /page/5-on-5-110728/power-forwards-ratings&quot;&gt;http://espn.go.com/nba/story//page/5-on-5-110728/power-forwards-ratings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the two positions? And considering Tim Duncan's style of play, which position is a better label for him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-28T17:04:35.980" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T18:44:00.867" Title="What are the differences between the Power Forward and Center positions?" Tags="|basketball|nba|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="587" CreationDate="2013-01-27T05:24:37.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All my experience is in warm sub-tropics so NO WETSUIt swims. I imagine I'd stick with just tri shorts for wetsuit swims anyway but a tri suit under the wetsuit is sure to have some advantages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adv - don't have to put on a T-shirt or singlet after the swim - this takes me 3 secs and while many quibble over 3 seconds in transition I find the 3 secs gives me time to get my breath back after the swim hell. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disadv - why part with $80 - $160 for something you wear a couple of times a year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6 years ago, very few people were wearing tri suits. I have recently returned to the sport and think out of 60 in my age group, I and one other are not in tri suits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just remember, this industry is all built around money..... tt bikes, tri suits, gu's are a marketer's dreams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1058" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T05:24:37.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2183" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-28T15:39:35.223" Score="11" ViewCount="5424" Body="&lt;p&gt;One day during shooting I thought about how many consecutive free throws I could make. It ended in a bet (mainly with myself) that I could do 100 in a row by the end of the season. Working on that goal on and off for a few weeks, I realized that it is hard but still possible. I made 29 consecutive on day one and since then improved to 38. That does not seem like a big improvement, but the number of longer streaks increased a lot and it definitely helped improve my form and my overall shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I expected, it's more of a &quot;mind game&quot;. The challenge seems to be to stay concentrated doing the repetitive task of shooting a free throw for at least fifteen minutes without losing focus. Every time my mind wanders for just a brief moment, chances are I miss the next shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how do pro athletes (from whatever sport) deal with problems like that? I watched the World Darts Championships recently. On that level many of the throws are &lt;em&gt;easy&lt;/em&gt; (theoretically). The challenge is more to score consistently under pressure over the duration of a match. I guess the same is true in many other sports where precision is important. Once you mastered the technique, how do you fade out everything else and repeat that same move over and over again without losing focus and precision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1065" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T15:32:07.393" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T22:35:19.153" Title="How do you make 100 free throws in a row?" Tags="|basketball|performance|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2186" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-28T18:33:28.013" Score="6" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a team that is over the luxury tax trades away a player for whom they had Bird's Rights. They receive a player on a 1-year contract worth $7 million. This new player did not have Bird's Rights from his previous team. So that means he won't have Bird's Rights with his new team either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the team is over the luxury tax and they do not own Bird's Rights, is it impossible for them to retain their newly acquired player after the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-28T19:21:11.877" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T23:28:58.727" Title="Salary Cap and Bird's Rights" Tags="|basketball|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2172" CreationDate="2013-01-29T00:31:47.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question has been asked numerous times, so I'll try to explain just the things that immediately pop in my  mind when I think of &lt;strong&gt;center&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;power foward.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;center&lt;/strong&gt; is typically designated as a team's tallest and/or biggest (though often both) player on the floor at a time. An ideal center may stay close to the rim, play defense, block shots, rebound well, take jump balls, and score near the basket (possibly using post moves). Many well-known centers were also notorious for their poor free throw shooting. Nowadays, of course, we're seeing more and more centers extending their skill set to include long-range jumpers and thus playing more perimeter-oriented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;strong&gt;power foward&lt;/strong&gt; invokes, in my mind, a player that's a smaller version of a center who doesn't spend as much time near the basket. What he may lack in size or strength, the power forward may make it up with increased mobility and a better midrange game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, many of my explanations have a whole list of exceptions, but I think they generally hold true among fans when they try to describe what an ideal center or power forward would be. For instance, I'm sure most NBA players labeled as centers in their careers have been at least 6'9'', but Wes Unseld was 6'7''. I'm also sure that it's rare to see an NBA player taller than 7'0'' consistently labeled as a power forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Duncan is an interesting case as he started his career playing with an established center in David Robinson, which may have played a role in people viewing him as a power forward. I wouldn't try to force a label on him, especially when categories like this aren't easily  nor rigorously defined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1067" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T00:31:47.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2190" CreationDate="2013-01-29T01:59:57.990" Score="7" ViewCount="1107" Body="&lt;p&gt;From 1988 to 2007, the Australian Open used &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_Ace&quot;&gt;Rebound Ace&lt;/a&gt; surfaces. In mid-2007, the tournament organisers decided that from 2008, the tournament would instead be played on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexicushion&quot;&gt;Plexicushion&lt;/a&gt; surfaces. From memory, the lead up tournaments in Hobart and Sydney formerly used Rebound Ace but subsequently changed to Plexicushion following the Australian Open's lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were there any tournaments on either ATP, WTA or second-tier tours that retained Rebound Ace as a surface after the Australian Open's change? If so, are there any that continue to use Rebound Ace now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="463" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T14:52:12.890" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T14:52:12.890" Title="Did any tennis tournaments retain Rebound Ace after the Australian Open switched to Plexicushion?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2189" CreationDate="2013-01-29T04:38:29.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to hard courts there are lots of different names for the surface when you get specific. Some indoor hard court surfaces are known as &quot;Premier Court&quot; for example, and as far as outdoor hard courts go, in addition to the general name of &quot;Outdoor Hard Court&quot; there are more specific names such as &quot;Plexicushion&quot;, &quot;Cushion Plus&quot;, &quot;DecoTurf&quot; (US Open uses this) or &quot;Plexipave&quot; (which is the surface at Indian Wells).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question - I believe the year-end WTA Championships in Istanbul, Turkey still use the Rebound Ace surface. That is the only current professional tournament I'm aware of that still uses it, though. DecoTurf seems to have become the preferred surface for many professional tournaments because of the speed it plays at and the bounce it gives is favored by many players. Back when the Australian Open used Rebound Ace there were some complaints from players that the surface got too hot and sticky and they didn't like the way it played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T04:38:29.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2192" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2193" CreationDate="2013-01-29T09:56:25.293" Score="6" ViewCount="1054" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_window&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Transfer Window&lt;/a&gt; is ending for the English Premier League on the 31st of January and on the 2nd of February for the Spanish, Italian, German and French leagues. There is frantic activity by some clubs that want to buy/sell players and register the newly bought players before the end of the transfer window.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever an enquiry is made for a player by the buying club, the selling club quotes that the particular player is worth 'X' thousand/million euros. If the buying club is interested, negotiations go on and the player is sold for a transfer amount which may be equal to or less than the initially quoted price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On what basis do clubs quantify that a particular player is worth this 'X' euros?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T17:38:21.680" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T17:38:21.680" Title="Factors behind a player's transfer amount" Tags="|football|finances|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2192" CreationDate="2013-01-29T09:56:25.293" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There could be many factors, depending on which, the selling team quotes the price of a particular player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Skill&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, a footballer will be judged on the primary aspect that is expected of him, his footballing skills. Skillful players are generally the ones who can change the game on their own or pull the strings and control the tempo with which the game is played at. Here, skill should not be confused with show-boating. The more skillful a player his, the higher will be his market value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Nationality of players&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A foreign recruit with higher skill might cost less than a local player with lesser skill. This is because of each club is expected to have a certain number of home-grown players in their squad. If these home-grown players are good enough to play regularly in the playing XI, then it is a bonus, and therefore the local players are higher valued in the country. But when sold to another club outside the country, the cost of the player can go down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Age&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player at the end of his career, no matter how skillful he is, will be lesser valued in the market. Clubs would not like to spend big on a player whose skills and speed are deteriorating and have few months/years of footballing left in them. Clubs looking for a short-term solution to provide a thrust in avoiding relegation or mid-table clubs that are looking for European places generally go for such players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Demand&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is simple economics. The more the demand for a player, the costlier his value in the market. If more than one club is battling for a player, it gives an initiative to the selling club to hike the players selling price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Integration into team&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players with very good record of discipline are looked at a safer bet by buying clubs as it is easier to integrate them into the existing team. Team-spirit is a vital thing to have on and off the pitch and it would make breathing easier for the clubs if a player is able to adjust into the team. Clubs also look at how a player, if bought, will fit into the teams current formation and strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;League adaptability&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of the leagues has its own uniqueness. For example, the EPL is more physical where as the La Liga is more technical. The buying clubs would consider how a player from another league would adapt to its league before making a transfer bid for a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Re-sale value&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Buying a player does not always guarantee success due to various reasons. So, players with re-sale value tend to cost higher as the buying club can sell this player to another club in the future compared to players with lesser re-sale value (Age plays a predominant part).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Image for marketability&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players that are marketable come at a slightly higher price. These players are generally ones that can bring in a dramatic increase in shirt sales for the club. Also, the clubs look to increase the brand image of the club in that particular players home-country. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Current contract validity&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player that has a long term contract will be costlier than a player whose contract is due for expiry in the near future. If a player whose contract is set to end soon and he or the club is not keen on an extension, the current club will look to sell him on the cheap during the validity of the contract than lose him for free once the contract expires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Others&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other factors, such as the ones mentioned below, also impact the players price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player being cup-tied (Domestic or European competitions) for the current season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clubs with financial problems would look to sell players on the cheap to raise money.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A club with a bigger financial profile will have to, at times, pay more to buy a player because of their image.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player's fitness may affect his transfer value.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A combination of the each of the above factors, and maybe more, go into what a player costs in the market during the transfer window. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T17:24:59.450" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T17:24:59.450" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2194" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-29T09:59:07.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional team sports, team composition is often tightly regulated by the league for several reasons, typically related to the past history of that sport and the wishes of team owners and players. Common elements of the business of a sports team include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Salary Caps&lt;/strong&gt; - A salary cap is an upper limit on the total amount of money that can be paid to all members of a single team. With all teams having the same cap, the ability to assemble a winning team by simply paying top dollar for the best players at each position is diminished drastically.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Caps are a source of debate at nearly all levels of league structure; cash-poor teams in more limited markets tend to favor them as allowing a more level playing field, while teams in more successful markets see them as an artificial impediment to their success. Most players do not like salary caps as they limit the portion of the &amp;quot;pie&amp;quot; of total revenues that can be split between the players, often with one or two star players making salaries in the millions of U.S. dollars, while other players, even starters, may make the &amp;quot;league minimum&amp;quot; of just a few hundred thousand (which when considering the relatively short average career lengths of players, the potential for chronic injury, and the portion of players' salaries earmarked for agents' fees, travel and other expenses, is often  insufficient to sustain the player in even a modest standard of living after their &amp;quot;retirement&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contracts&lt;/strong&gt; - Contracts are legally binding agreements between a player and their team, or between other parties in a sport such as between different teams, the team and the league's oversight committee, the independent owner of a sporting venue and the team, etc, stipulating a &lt;em&gt;quid pro quo&lt;/em&gt; exchange of benefits between both parties. Between a player or coach and his team, this is typically &amp;quot;pay for performance&amp;quot;; the player or coach agrees to play exclusively for that team to their best ability in exchange for guaranteed compensation and possible bonus pay. Teams may negotiate contracts with other teams for trades or exchange of draft picks, with host cities for tax incentives and land/facilities, and with the league for financial backing, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drafts&lt;/strong&gt; - To prevent a successful, wealthy team being able to attract the best new talent and self-perpetuate its success, many sports leagues, especially in the U.S., require the use of a &amp;quot;draft&amp;quot; system to recruit new talent. In a draft, one team at a time, typically in the order of the worst record in the previous season to the best, gets to choose a player from the pool of available talent. The worst team, theoretically, gets the best player in each &amp;quot;round&amp;quot; of drafting, although leagues may stipulate a more random structure among the lowest rankings to discourage a team intentionally &amp;quot;throwing&amp;quot; their season to get a favorable pick. Teams may negotiate amongst each other to trade their place in the draft order for one or more rounds, in return for existing players or for money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free Agency&lt;/strong&gt; - A player who does not have to be drafted and is not under contract with any team as of the start of a playing season is typically eligible to play for any team that wants him or her. These players are typically known as &amp;quot;free agents&amp;quot;, and depending on the player and the sport they can be popular and valuable additions to a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player's Unions&lt;/strong&gt; - As the industry of professional sports as a whole earns revenues in the trillions of dollars worldwide, traditionally flowing into the pockets of wealthy &amp;quot;franchise&amp;quot; owners who then pay their players, disparity between the players' and owner's shares of the revenues is historically common. As with many such scenarios, the players in many sports have responded by forming a collective union that advocates for the players' interests with the team owners and the league. Typically this union advocates for a bigger percentage of revenues paid as player salaries, but players may also want other benefits improvements, or better protection of players from injury during the game, which management or the league may object to for cost or gameplay reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Releases&lt;/strong&gt; - A &amp;quot;release&amp;quot; is equivalent to being fired or laid off in the corporate world; the team announces to the player and then the league (and thus the world) that they are terminating their contract with a particular player, for any of a number of reasons. The exact behavior of such an action depends on whatever contract agreement the player and team may have; a player may be released and the contract nullified for some breach on the part of the player, while on the other hand the player may be entitled to a significant sum of money if they are released through no fault of their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trades&lt;/strong&gt; - A common transaction between teams is the acquisition of players in exchange for other players. The teams are technically trading the rights to enforce the players' current contracts; a player not under contract can't be traded unless he chooses to move to the other team. Players may endorse or oppose trades, but if under contract, the team generally gets the final word unless the player has negotiated some additional bargaining power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trades can sometimes become quite complicated, involving multiple players between more than two teams. Team X, for instance, may want player B from team Y and be willing to trade player A in return. Team Y is uninterested in that trade as-is; however, team Z may want player A, and would be willing to trade player C to team Y. If team Y agrees, they perform a &amp;quot;round robin&amp;quot; trade, where each team trades one player to a second team and receives a player from the third team. Some trades have involved half of the teams of a sports league and dozens of players; however, the atomic nature of these agreements means that the more complex the trade, the less likely it is to be successful, as all individual player transfers must be completed between all teams, or else any team on the short end of a refusal to trade will likely back out, causing the entire transaction to be &amp;quot;rolled back&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T20:01:53.857" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T20:01:53.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2195" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-29T09:59:07.707" Score="0" Body="Questions about transactions among organized teams. This may include signings, releases, trades, retirements, contract stipulations, and other related actions." OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:52:57.587" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:52:57.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2196" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2197" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of skydiving/parachuting." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T14:11:53.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2013-01-29T14:46:16.073" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a reason that Sports Psychology has grown into a pretty large niche of psychology overall. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mastering one's mind will (in my opinion) always be a constant pursuit of mankind in general, and absolutely in sports.  Whether it's hitting 100 free throws in a row in basketball, driving the ball down the fairway every time in golf, or kicking the last-second field goal in American football, athletes will always have areas to improve because (presumably) once you get to the highest level of your sport your muscle memory is already set... all that's left is conquering your mind to make it not get in the way during the moments you need only your muscle memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.johnfmurray.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dr. John F. Murray&lt;/a&gt; is probably one of the more famous sports psychologists, and I'm betting he's always going to have work to do because of the complexity, training, and motivation that's involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, I don't think there's a perfect answer to your question.  Different people react in different ways to pressure and ability to focus.  On top of that, psychologists apply different training methods to help people.  Ultimately, the people that will succeed are the people that come closest to mind mastery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastEditorUserId="246" LastEditDate="2013-02-11T12:50:50.593" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T12:50:50.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2199" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-01-29T15:07:50.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the role of psychology in sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For general psychology questions, our sister site &lt;a href=&quot;https://psychology.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Psychology Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt; may be appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-01-20T20:53:52.157" LastActivityDate="2021-01-20T20:53:52.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2200" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-01-29T15:07:50.720" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role of psychology in sports. For general psychology questions, our sister site Psychology Stack Exchange may be appropriate." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-01-20T20:53:40.503" LastActivityDate="2021-01-20T20:53:40.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2013-01-29T22:56:05.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid the answer is that it depends. If there were a specific answer, don't you think everyone would try to emulate it? ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest looking at examples of what current athletes do to maintain focus. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/playoffs2006/news/story?id=2447655&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one example about Dirk Nowitzki&lt;/a&gt;, currently a career 87.7 percent free throw shooter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it's worth pointing out that in basketball, no one has to shoot 100 free throws in a row since a player tends to get only one, two, or three shots in a &quot;session&quot; (of course there are exceptions but those are extremely rare). In that case, the challenge is probably remembering the routine from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1067" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T22:56:05.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2172" CreationDate="2013-01-30T07:52:18.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add a bit to @DSeita's answer; in many cases the old PG-SG-SF-PF-C categorization of players is a bit outdated. Historically the roles would be defined something like this (simplified of course):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;PG: play-maker, distributes the ball, typically the best player with the &quot;in-game intelligence&quot; and the very high dribbling skills (an old school example for text-book PG would be John Stockton) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;SG: &quot;the sniper&quot;, very high shooting accuracy, often focused on punishing bad matchups with sinking 3-pts. (e.g. Reggie Miller or Ray Allen)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;SF: these players are typically the most athletic players, playing a physically demanding role both in offense and in defense. They need to be competent enough in shooting, dribbling and driving in to basket. (e.g. Scottie Pippen)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;PF: &quot;the vanguard&quot;, these guys would typically be the heavy hitters, fighting constantly in the inside, still competent from mid-range. Blocks and rebounds would typically vital stats for these guys (many examples for stereotypical PFs; but I happen to think of Karl Malone first)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;C: king-of-the-hill, hill being the basket. These guys almost exclusive work under or around the basket. I guess the most typical example I can think of would be Shaq. He's as pure of an traditional center as I can think of. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might realize that I have left some very obvious names out of my list, for instance Michael Jordan, or Kobe Bryant... or Tim Duncan. The reason behind this is that these players (and many other famous players of today) transcend the original roles. Both MJ and Kobe are originally SGs but I would go on to say that both have played like a point guard, both have played like a small forward. It's perhaps their flexibility that allowed them to penetrate the defense in a way they did. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No matter how you look at it, Tim Duncan has one of the most remarkable careers amongst the league's big boys. He started playing with David &quot;Admiral&quot; Robinson who was, as @DSeita put it, an established C at the time. Which led him to play a role that can co-exist with another player of his size and caliber. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, Tim Duncan is neither a typical PF nor a typical C. He's &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt;. I think the 5-position categorization is dying out in its essence. As the game develops the players use their strengths to their advantages and the roles change. For instance, you have 7-foot Dirk Nowitzki that is essentially a SG, or at least made a career out of sinking shots, instead of dunking/blocking. I think we shouldn't try and put labels to players, but instead understand and appreciate what they have to give to the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T07:52:18.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2204" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2663" CreationDate="2013-01-30T23:09:10.523" Score="6" ViewCount="9071" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my indoor cricket team, there are a couple of players who are new to cricket not having played as a child or teenager. They are reasonable athletes and have picked up fielding and batting quickly (fortunately batting in indoor cricket requires a far narrower range of shots than in summer cricket). However, their bowling is diabolical. It is not uncommon to have most of the balls off the pitch in a given over (fortunately wides and no-balls do not have to be re-bowled in indoor cricket, although they score 3 runs each). In any case, for the purpose of this question the indoor/summer cricket distinction is moot. The basics of the skill are the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried to offer some pointers to help, however bowling is such an unnatural action for the body to do that I really don't know where to start when someone just looks like a frog in a blender. I've been able to help people in the past improve their bowling by correcting some minor flaws, but I can't work out how to effectively help someone who has no idea of the basics. Kids seem to be able to pick this up much more quickly and can do it on their own for the most part, but it seems trying to pick it up as an adult is much more difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just want to get them to the level where they can bowl seam up at a spinners pace and simply get the ball on the pitch consistently. I need some tips on how to coach someone to be able to get the basics of a bowling action correct; get you body position and motion right, produce a consistent release etc. Does anyone have any experience and success doing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-01-31T05:41:32.473" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T17:24:33.933" Title="Teaching adult beginners to bowl?" Tags="|cricket|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2206" CreationDate="2013-01-31T14:19:21.593" Score="15" ViewCount="56840" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team wins the Super Bowl, there are a lot of players and organizational members that helped in the process. For each team playing this year, there are multiple players on injured reserve that helped the teams early on, but won't be playing for the Lombardi trophy. Who actually gets a Super Bowl ring? Are IR players like Mario Manningham (49ers) and Lardarius Webb (Ravens) eligible to receive rings? What about all of the coaches and coordinators and front-office employees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-04T19:42:47.183" LastActivityDate="2014-02-03T02:32:18.970" Title="Who gets Super Bowl rings?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-01-31T15:09:36.807" Score="11" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every member of the active roster&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The coaching staff&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The entire front office and ownership&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The cheerleaders get rings depending on ownership's decision. But it has been the tradition lately for cheerleaders to get rings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Injured Reserve and practice squad get rings if their team decides to give them out to them. Usually they do.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also, in some cases, players traded during the season will get them too, if they suited up and played during they regular season. This is also by ownership's decision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, the ownership pays for all the rings and decides who receives them. The list above shows the norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_ring#Details&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2011/09/former_saint_steve_gleason_rec.html&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-01-31T15:34:06.710" LastActivityDate="2013-01-31T15:34:06.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2212" CreationDate="2013-01-31T21:36:16.590" Score="6" ViewCount="361" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a set of cricket stumps that don't need to be pushed into the ground or some other way to use the traditional set of cricket stumps on a hard surface such as a tennis court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anybody have any ideas how I can achieve this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="671" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-11-10T19:36:06.107" LastActivityDate="2013-11-10T19:36:06.107" Title="Cricket stumps that don't need to be pushed into the ground" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2209" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-31T22:07:44.990" Score="0" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did the Lakers come into existence? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did they win their first championship?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did they become the Lakers? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1075" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T03:46:50.103" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T03:46:50.103" Title="Los Angeles Lakers info?" Tags="|basketball|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-02-04T14:18:42.037" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2209" CreationDate="2013-01-31T22:20:44.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When did the Lakers come into existence? When did they become the lakers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Lakers, then known as the Minnesota Lakers, inaugural season was the 1947-48 season as part of the National Basketball League (NBL).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Minnesota Lakers moved to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When did they win their first championship?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their only championship as part of the NBL was in 1948. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their only championship as part of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was in 1949. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On August 3, 1949, The BAA merged with the NBL to create the National Basketball Association (NBA). Their first championship as part of the NBA was in 1950.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Lakers have also won championships during the 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010 seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/lakers/history/lakers_history_new.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;SOURCE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-01-31T22:20:44.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2209" CreationDate="2013-01-31T22:32:07.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For your question about the Los Angeles Lakers I was able to do some initial research however I was curious to know if you meant where the name &quot;Lakers&quot; came from or if you meant when did they move to Los Angeles becoming the team that we know today when you asked &quot;when the Lakers became the Lakers&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will answer both question just to be on the safe side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Los Angeles Lakers came into existence in 1947 in their first season they were known as the Minneapolis Lakers because they were located near Mississippi River hence the name &quot;Lakers&quot;. The Lakers moved to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the question of when the Lakers won their &quot;first&quot; championship it is a complicated answer that I will do my best to explain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Minneapolis Lakers won their first &quot;NBL&quot; National Basketball League championship in 1947, however their first official &quot;NBA&quot; National Basketball Association championship came in 1949. However the Los Angeles Lakers earned their first championship in 1972. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/lakers/history/lakers_history_new.html#2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this official Los Angeles Lakers website&lt;/a&gt; can help you with any further Los Angeles Lakers information that you might need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1074" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T02:27:46.460" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T02:27:46.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2208" CreationDate="2013-01-31T23:31:07.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your best bet is to get the kind of stumps used in indoor cricket. You can see some in use for instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsworldindoor.com.au/peakhurst/graphics/headers/indoor-cricket-rules.jpg&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The stumps are connected to a flat solid base and are spring loaded so they return to the upright positions by themselves after being knocked over by the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure these could be purchased online if you can't find any at your local sports stores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-01-31T23:31:07.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2213" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2013-02-01T16:23:51.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Questions that are highly opinionated&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Questions that are hypothetical and/or futuristic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Requests for sources/research&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Anything not directly related to sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-29T13:22:45.870" LastActivityDate="2013-05-29T13:22:45.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2214" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-01T17:57:07.973" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most NBA fans are aware of the new flopping rule that was imposed this season. You can find details about it &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2012/news/10/29/nba-flopping-rules.ap/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The basic idea is that whenever the NBA determines that a player has flopped, he gets a warning for the first offense and a fine for the rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, I get news about flopping via articles on the web (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/search/?text=flop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.star-telegram.com/2012/12/19/4497742/fall-guys-nbas-no-flopping-rule.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;), but is there an official web page that contains data about the full list of those who have been warned or fined? I couldn't find one by doing a brief search on ESPN or NBA.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1067" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T17:58:55.320" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T17:58:55.320" Title="The NBA's New Flopping Rule -- Any Official Records?" Tags="|rules|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-02-01T18:02:09.063" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2223" CreationDate="2013-02-01T21:10:46.923" Score="13" ViewCount="26050" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, how is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus-minus&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;plus/minus&lt;/a&gt; calculated when it comes to individual player's stats. Also, on a broader scale, what does plus/minus mean exactly? Unsure if I'm being redundant here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T17:22:25.657" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T00:03:05.040" Title="In ice hockey, how is plus/minus calculated?" Tags="|ice-hockey|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-02-01T22:28:24.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Plus/Minus is calculated by when a person is on the ice when a goal is scored.  If you are on the ice when your team scores, you get a +1.  If you are on the ice when your opponent scores, you get a -1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are exceptions: No changes are made for you if you are on a power play, or a penalty shot.  If you are on the ice when your team scores a short-handed goal, you get a +1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the broad scale, teams try to use the metric to determine if you (or your line) is bad at defense, or good at offense.  There are different types of positions in the game (defensive forward, for example), and if your plus/minus doesn't match up as well as your team thinks it should (or compared against similar players), your playing time could be affected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this question is hockey based, it should be noted that it's being adopted for basketball by more statistic-minded general managers and coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, to get an idea of good/great values, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/leaders/plus_minus_season.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is a list of the records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T22:28:24.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-02T14:41:28.293" Score="7" ViewCount="2197" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm currently learning the loop jump and get conflicting messages on how much of the rotation should occur on the ice before continuing the rotation in the air. I have heard that the rotation should be only 1/4 on the ice, 1/2 on the ice, or entirely rotated in the air. Which is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As well, the toe loop I have seen rotated entirely in the air and 1/2 on the ice before jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Salchow jump seems to be rotated 1/2 on the ice and 1/2 in the air. (Which makes the Salchow more of a three turn coupled with a waltz jump.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't started the flip or lutz yet, but wonder if it is allowable to rotate either of these on the ice before jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much of the rotation of the single rotation jumps (toe loop, Salchow, loop, flip, lutz) should be done on the ice before jumping into the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1077" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T14:44:30.593" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T20:28:30.467" Title="How much rotation is done on the ice / in the air on single rotation jumps in figure skating?" Tags="|technique|skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2218" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2226" CreationDate="2013-02-02T23:47:56.223" Score="6" ViewCount="19992" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since I've watched Rugby in the late 90's, the referee's verbal directions for the scrum have been either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Crouch-Pause-Engage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or for the last several years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Crouch-Touch-Pause-Engage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rbs6nations.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Six Nations&lt;/a&gt; games today, and the directions have changed to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Crouch-Touch-Set&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately I live in a country where Rugby is not really watched.  Can someone explain to me why the directions have changed, and what the thinking is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:02:41.327" LastActivityDate="2023-09-16T09:23:43.113" Title="Why the change of the scrum verbal directions to &quot;Crouch-Touch-Set&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-03T15:58:01.037" Score="5" ViewCount="1790" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am riding a burton joystick 2011. Co2 bindings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How far should bindings be set back when riding in powder? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that the board has the burton channel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1081" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-04T14:47:26.293" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T18:24:40.507" Title="Set bindings back when riding in powder" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2220" CreationDate="2013-02-04T16:04:10.233" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some reading, I found some information that I hope you find useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your board seems to be more of a park board rather than a speed/powder board. This is mostly due to your board having a decambered nose versus having a traditional nose.&#xA;As you can see by the pictures below, a decambered nose doesn't have much of a lip compared to what a traditional nose does. Although most people will say that decambared lips are the way to go, it pretty obvious to see that the lip would help the board get over powder easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditional Nose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HyqEp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;trad&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decambered Nose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KU1vX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;decamb&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After looking at what people had to say about the bindings, you are correct. Setting the bindings towards the back of the board will create more lift in the front that will allow you to cut through and stay above the powder better. I would suggest setting your bindings back anywhere from 1&quot; - 2&quot;. Or follow this diagram...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rDXAB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mechanicsofsport.com/snowboarding/snowboard_setup.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-02-04T16:04:10.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-02-04T19:34:01.373" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can calculate a player's plus/minus using the following rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is on the ice for a(n):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;even-strength goal for: +1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;even-strength goal against: -1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;powerplay goal for: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;powerplay goal against: -1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;penalty kill (short handed) goal for: +1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;penalty kill (short handed) goal against: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus/Minus is not awarded for penalty shots and goals scored into an empty net do not change how plus/minus is calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player plus/minus is calculated each game and then added to the net plus/minus from all previous games in the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a shortened season this year in the NHL, season total plus/minus will look very different than other (non-shortened) seasons since the statistic is additive over all games in the season. For example if a player averages a +1 rating over a season, a regular 82 game schedule will see that player have a +/- of +82. This year, with the shortened 48 game schedule, that same player will have a +/- rating of only +48 despite performing equally well in both seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL publishes who was on the ice for each goal for every game as well as that players game +/- so you can check how the stat is calculated. Here's an example from a recent game.&#xA;Buffalo vs. Montreal - 02 Feb 2013&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player on ice for goals&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20122013/GS020109.HTM&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20122013/GS020109.HTM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player game statistics&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20122013/ES020109.HTM&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/scores/htmlreports/20122013/ES020109.HTM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1083" LastActivityDate="2013-02-04T19:34:01.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2227" CreationDate="2013-02-05T08:57:08.133" Score="5" ViewCount="86669" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night after having seen the Super Bowl I ended up watching &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FueWm5zN1MY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top Ten Trick Plays in NFL&lt;/a&gt; on youtube. Some of the tricks that are mentioned in there made it clear that I was not fully informed on the rules of the game, particularly regarding the passing aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here are the questions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What's the rule concerning forward pass? From what I know, there can be only one forward pass per play. Is this correct? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;lateral&quot; and &quot;reverse&quot; plays? Aren't they both based on passing the ball backwards in a &quot;rugby-like&quot; fashion? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can whichever player be the passer? or do they have to go up to the referees and declare themselves eligible, like it is for receivers? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T16:03:08.483" Title="What are the rules governing passing in american football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-09-30T09:04:04.603" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2218" CreationDate="2013-02-05T14:42:24.070" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 20 of the International Rugby Board states the laws regarding the scrum, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?highlight=scrum&amp;amp;law=20.1&quot;&gt;20.1 specifies the forming of the scrum&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?domain=11&amp;amp;amendment=21&quot;&gt;Amendment 21&lt;/a&gt; to this section states the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;CURRENT LAW&#xA;  20.1 Forming a scrum&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(g)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee will call “crouch” then “touch”. The front rows crouch&#xA;  and, using their outside arm, each prop touches the point of the&#xA;  opposing props outside shoulder. The props then withdraw their arms.&#xA;  The referee will then call “pause”. Following a pause the referee will&#xA;  then call “engage”. The front rows may then engage. The “engage” call&#xA;  is not a command but an indication that the front rows may come&#xA;  together when ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;AMENDED LAW&#xA;  20.1 Forming a scrum&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(g)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee will call “crouch” then “touch”. The front rows crouch&#xA;  and, using their outside arm, each prop touches the point of the&#xA;  opposing prop’s outside shoulder. The props then withdraw their arms.&#xA;  Following a pause the referee will then call “set” when the front rows&#xA;  are ready. The front rows may then engage. The “set” call is not a&#xA;  command but an indication that the front rows may come together when&#xA;  ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the official page for the amendment does not have any information as to why this change was made, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_%28rugby%29&quot;&gt;wikipedia article on scrum&lt;/a&gt; claims that the change was to speed up the scrum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Pause&quot; has been removed in order to speed up the scrum and to&#xA;  minimize resets due to collapsed scrums.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/wallabies-prop-benn-robinson-backs-irb-trial-which-will-see-pause-call-removed-from-scrum-sequence/story-fncagcd8-1226358559082&quot;&gt;another article&lt;/a&gt; on &quot;The Australian&quot; which claims that the change in directions during scrum is one of the changes on trial basis for 2013, and that &#xA;the motivation was to decrease the risk of injuries as well as speeding up the game. The article features opinions from several professionals as well, good read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-02-05T14:42:24.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2225" CreationDate="2013-02-05T16:48:57.260" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes, only one forward pass per play is permitted. Also, the ball must not have gone past the line of scrimmage at any point; in other words, it is illegal for a player to take the ball past the line, then lateral it backwards to another player who then throws a forward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes, pitches and laterals (and even hand-offs, as long as they are either behind the line of scrimmage or not handed forward) are identical by the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Any player who is eligible to touch the ball may pass it. This means that offensive lineman can only pass the ball if they pick it up after a defensive player touches it behind the line of scrimmage, but every other player on the offense (including punters, kickers, and holders) can legally attempt a forward pass providing the conditions in (1) are met.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rules 3 and 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-02-05T16:48:57.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2225" CreationDate="2013-02-05T18:16:44.977" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1:&lt;/strong&gt; Per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 8, Section 1, Article 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definition. It is a forward pass if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) the ball initially moves forward (to a point nearer the opponent’s goal line) after leaving the passer’s hand(s); or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) the ball first strikes the ground, a player, an official, or anything else at a point that is nearer the opponent’s goal line&#xA;than the point at which the ball leaves the passer’s hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then in Article 2 (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offensive team may make &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; forward pass from behind the line during each down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes on to note in Item 1 that it is illegal if it is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[a] second forward pass thrown from behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for your first question, the ball must be moving closer to the opponent's goal line than where it started in order to be a forward pass. Only one may be attempted each play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2:&lt;/strong&gt; Laterals are considered to be backward passes. Rule 8, Section 7, Article 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Backward Pass. A runner may throw a backward pass at any time (3-22-4). Players of either team may advance after catching a backward pass, or recovering a backward pass after it touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reverses are not related specifically to forward or backward passes. Rather, they are &amp;quot;common trick play[s]... that involves one or more abrupt changes in the lateral flow of a rushing play&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_%28American_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;). More often than not these will start with a hand off, not a pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So backward passes are by definition a pass between players that does not advance forward; reverses are a type of trick play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3:&lt;/strong&gt; Every reference in the rule book about the who an eligible passer is says either &amp;quot;the passer&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;the runner.&amp;quot; Specifically, Rule 3, Section 27, Article 2, Supplemental Note 2 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The statement, a player may advance, means that he may become a runner, make a legal kick (9-1-1), make a backward pass (8-7-1), or during a play from scrimmage, an offensive player may throw a forward pass (8-1-1) from behind his scrimmage line, provided it is the first such pass during the down and the ball had not been beyond the line of scrimmage previously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Article 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Runner is the offensive player who is in possession of a live ball (3-2-1), i.e., holding the ball or carrying it in any direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any player who is deemed a runner is eligible to pass. This includes most offensive players except for the offensive line (i.e.: center, guards and tackles). Players would have to report in as eligible receivers in order to be considered eligible to pass. For example, if an offensive tackle report in as eligible, he could technically pass the ball (although this seems like an awful idea).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that if a ball is fumbled behind the line of scrimmage, an offensive lineman could pick up the ball and commit a forward pass. But again, this seems like a terrible idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Response to comment:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where it technically gets a little fuzzy, since the phrase &amp;quot;hand off&amp;quot; rarely appears directly in the rules outside of citing examples. It does say in Rule 3, Section 27, Article 2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Running Play is a play during which there is a runner and which is not followed by a kick or forward pass from behind the scrimmage line. There may be more than one such play during the same down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a hand off counts as a running play, but so does a backward pass. However, the rules explicitly state that a hand off cannot be forward if the ball is beyond the line of scrimmage (8.7.4.a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No player may hand the ball forward except to an eligible receiver who is behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So once the ball passes the line of scrimmage, the ball can only be handed or passed backward, never forward. But behind the line of scrimmage, the hand off can be forward or back and it is not considered a forward pass. This is why a muffed hand off results in a fumble rather than an incomplete pass. Additionally, a muffed backward pass is considered a fumble as per Rule 8, Section 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-02-05T19:29:52.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-07T09:19:29.473" Score="6" ViewCount="4270" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to google, but could not get a clear picture. It is illegal in India to Bet on sports like cricket and football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it true that betting is not prohibited in USA or the European countries? I am not talking about a particluar sport, but sports in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I believe betting may give rise to match-fixing and so I agree with the laws in India. So what does the law say elsewhere?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="947" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:21:41.363" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T15:17:20.073" Title="Is sport betting legal in Europe or America?" Tags="|betting|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-02-07T10:17:51.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sport betting&lt;/a&gt; in most of the world usually prohibited by law but each country or state has its own rules and regulations regarding betting and can choose to make it legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this vast industry of sports betting has found ways to survive in an orderly way by some authorities.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The most familiar way is a government gambling authority. The main purpose of these government agencies is to allow citizens to gamble legally, this is because the profits are directed mostly for public service or state. For example, support the establishment of Sports Toto and Lotto (National Lottery) construction of public buildings (schools, libraries, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These legal sports betting usually has small chance of winning and this is the reason that many people prefer to bet with illicit bookmakers (known colloquially as &amp;quot;bookies&amp;quot;) or sports online betting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the United States of America, it is illegal to operate a betting&#xA;scheme, except in a few states. In many European nations, bookmaking&#xA;(the profession of accepting sports wagers) is regulated but not&#xA;criminalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among the areas where gambling is legal are: Nevada(Las Vegas), Atlantic City, New Jersey or Tunica, Mississippi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with you that &amp;quot;betting may give rise to match-fixing&amp;quot; but I see this as a reason to make gambling legal and supervised because let's face it gambling will occur anyway.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is better to address the money to the country and community needs rather than today when the money goes to the private people or worse to fund the terror, drugs and other illegal activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling_in_the_United_States&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="947" LastEditDate="2022-05-05T15:17:20.073" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T15:17:20.073" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2231" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2232" CreationDate="2013-02-07T12:37:33.503" Score="8" ViewCount="5035" Body="&lt;p&gt;At my club we were discussing what a 'closed' game is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A closed game is when you hae no open frames. The thing we couldn't agree on was the 10th frame.&#xA;Lets assume we have 9 strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if I throw a spare in the 10th and finally 9 pins. Is this considered a 'closed' game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or do I allways have to end with a strike/spare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1054" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-02-07T13:57:45.663" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T13:57:45.663" Title="How does the 10th frame count towards a 'closed' game in bowling" Tags="|rules|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2231" CreationDate="2013-02-07T13:53:50.487" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://bowling.about.com/od/bowlingglossary/g/g_patch.htm&quot;&gt;Definition&lt;/a&gt; to Closed Game, Also Known As: Patch or Clean game, is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) A game with no open frames. This comes from the pursuit of the&#xA;  fictional USBC award patch for no open frames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) An award given out by the USBC for individual and team&#xA;  accomplishments. Starting with the 2009-2010 season, the patches have&#xA;  been replaced by magnets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &quot;Clean Game&quot; is a game with strikes or spares in every frame (not&#xA;  counting bonus balls).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A single game of bowling where the player has a mark (spare or strike)&#xA;  in all ten frames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to this definitions the case you describe is in deed a &quot;Closed Game&quot; since you didn't left any open frames. the last 9-pins throw was part of the bonus shoot which isn't included in &quot;Close Game&quot; definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a very similar &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.examiner.com/article/so-was-my-clean-game-really-clean&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; that present the same question with a little bit different scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T13:53:50.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2233" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2234" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role(s) of betting in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T14:18:35.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2164" CreationDate="2013-02-07T22:59:41.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The purpose of modifying one's golf swing is to enhance specific playmaking qualities (i.e distance vs. accuracy) or to avoid stresses on certain parts of the body. It is no difference from a quarterback or pitcher changing their throwing motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We'll use Tiger Woods as an example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Woods has always ranked among the top drivers on the PGA Tour. From 1997-2002, he placed in the Top 5 annually with an average drive around 295 yards. After Woods changed his swing the first time 2004, he increased his average drive by 10-20 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When he settled into his swing, however, Woods' drives became more erratic. This is why he sought another swing change in 2010 -- to improve driving accuracy, which had dropped from a peak of 71 percent in the early 2000s to the 50s in the mid-to-late 2000s. Driving distance can be a great advantage, but it doesn't mean much if you frequently have to hit out of the rough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And because Woods, who derives so much of his power from his lower body, has suffered a couple of knee and ankle injuries, some tweaks have probably been made to help prolong his playing career. (It isn't unusual for pros over the age of 50 continue to compete on the PGA Tour despite qualifying for the Champions Tour.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not every professional golfer works with a swing coach. Bubba Watson, 2012 Masters champion, prides himself on &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; having someone constantly analyzing his swing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More often than not, swing coaches analyze a golfer's motion and make sure he's not deviating from what made him successful. For professionals, it may be honing in on something very specific -- tilting the club head, getting full torque out of the swing -- whereas for an amateur, its making sure they're performing proper fundamentals at the basic level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="403" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T22:59:41.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-02-08T11:02:26.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the UK we have various ways to gamble on sports - many bookmakers allow bets on horse racing, football, rugby, whether Christmas will have snow, whether a meteorite will fall out of the sky - in short, pretty much anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very strongly regulated industry - with a range of checks to ensure gambling rings don't influence individual players or teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T11:02:26.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2237" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-08T16:16:44.723" Score="-5" ViewCount="2773" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are some terms used when playing volleyball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, as a Portuguese speaker, I would like to know how some attacks styles or positions of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one you are talking about that the middle hitter attacks on the right side of the setter is known as an 8 attack and can be very effective if done right&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1094" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-03-23T19:42:59.450" LastActivityDate="2013-03-23T19:42:59.450" Title="Volleyball terminology for attacks styles or positions of the court" Tags="|terminology|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2013-02-09T22:00:44.207" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2245" CreationDate="2013-02-08T16:49:33.827" Score="6" ViewCount="15410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Horse racing (such as the Kentucky Derby) results usually contains the terms Win, Place, and Show, with the horse associated with each term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is win, place, and show, and what significance does each term have for the horse associated with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T21:03:41.023" Title="Win-Place-Show in Horse Racing" Tags="|terminology|betting|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2237" CreationDate="2013-02-08T17:27:58.260" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Attacks&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serve&lt;/strong&gt; - standing outside the boundaries and moving the ball into the opponent's side of the court. this may be done overhand, underhand, or while jumping&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ace&lt;/strong&gt; - when a serve lands on the opponent's side of the court or travels outside the court after being touched&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Return&lt;/strong&gt; - when a ball is successfully moved to the other side of the court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hit/Attack&lt;/strong&gt; -  jumping and striking the ball overhand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spike&lt;/strong&gt; - jumping and striking the ball at a sharp downward angle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set&lt;/strong&gt; - passing the ball close to the net to assist a spiker in killing the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kill&lt;/strong&gt; - a hit/attack from the attacking team that results in a point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dig&lt;/strong&gt; - a defensive maneuver in which a player bumps/passes a spiked or hard hit ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pass&lt;/strong&gt; - a maneuver intended to move the ball to a teammate, usually a setter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bump&lt;/strong&gt; - passing by joining your forearms together&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Block&lt;/strong&gt; - a defensive maneuver in which players jump up with the intention to stop/redirect a spike, hit/attack&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Styles&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4-2&lt;/strong&gt; - four hitters, two setters. Setters set from the middle to the outside, where there are two front-row attackers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6-2&lt;/strong&gt; - six hitters, but two can act as setters at a given time. Similar to a 4-2, but a back row player serves as a setter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5-1&lt;/strong&gt; - five hitters, one setter. When the setter is in the back row, there are three front-row attackers...and when the setter is in the front row, there are two front-row attackers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Positions of the court&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setters&lt;/strong&gt; - responsible for passing the ball to attackers who can kill the ball into the opponents' court, usually after the second touch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liberos&lt;/strong&gt; - responsible for defense in which they receive the attack or serve. They wear a different color jersey than other teammates&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Middle blockers/hitters&lt;/strong&gt; - attackers that usually play near the middle/setter and are specialized in blocking as they attempt to stop plays from their opponents&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outside/Left side hitters&lt;/strong&gt; - attackers from near the left antenna&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Opposite/Right-side hitters&lt;/strong&gt; - defenders who are responsible for blocking against the opponents' attacks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com/volleyball-terminology.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T17:27:58.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2240" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-09T01:12:12.990" Score="4" ViewCount="2950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been racing for two seasons now - road, cyclocross and some mtb. I've had some wins and this is how I'd like to make a living, specifically road racing or cyclocross. But I just turned 22 and realize that most turn pro in the 21 to 23 age, and there are still lots who turn pro even earlier, 19 to 20. Is it possible? Any advice? I've already decided to give it my best shot, because it's something I can't not do. Are there any pros famous or not who got good later than most?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1095" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-09T01:37:17.543" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T04:33:12.130" Title="Becoming a pro cyclist late" Tags="|cycling|road-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2247" CreationDate="2013-02-09T07:54:11.703" Score="9" ViewCount="54435" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman get bowled on free hit and ball goes to boundary, will four runs be added or not? Is there any rule about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T13:12:31.590" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T06:27:59.040" Title="If a batsman get bowled on free hit and ball goes to boundary, will 4 runs be added or not?" Tags="|rules|cricket|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2242" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2246" CreationDate="2013-02-09T09:32:19.943" Score="4" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, upgrades to the gearbox usually give no real benefit to the range or accuracy, but might be required if there's too much strain on the lower-end stock gearbox (e.g. because of upgrades to the barrel, battery or, perhaps, BB size).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this understanding correct?  Should I upgrade my gearbox if I plan on using heavier BBs than the standard 0.2g?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-02-13T12:31:46.660" LastActivityDate="2013-02-13T12:31:46.660" Title="If I want to use 0.3g BBs in my AEG, do I need to upgrade my gearbox?" Tags="|equipment|shooting|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2238" CreationDate="2013-02-09T16:59:17.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Win is a horse that finishes in &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt; place in the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Place is a horse that finishes in &lt;strong&gt;second&lt;/strong&gt; place in the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Show is a horse that finishes in &lt;strong&gt;third&lt;/strong&gt; place in the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On betting...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;win&lt;/strong&gt; bet is the act of placing a bet on one horse that the better thinks will finish first in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;place&lt;/strong&gt; bet is the act of placing a bet on one horse that the better thinks will finish first OR second place in the race. If the this occurs, the better wins. The payout is the same whether the horse that was betted on places first or second.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;show&lt;/strong&gt; bet is the act of placing a bet on one horse that the better thinks will finish first, second OR, third place in the race. If the this occurs, the better wins. The payout is the same whether the horse that was betted on places first, second or third.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;win-show&lt;/strong&gt; bet is the act of placing a bet on one horse that the better thinks will finish first OR second place in the race. If the this occurs, the better wins. But unlike the place bet, the position that the horse finishes in the race determines the payout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;win-show-place&lt;/strong&gt; bet is the act of placing a bet on one horse that the better thinks will finish first, second OR third place in the race. If the this occurs, the better wins. But unlike the show bet, the position that the horse finishes in the race determines the payout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesportsgeek.com/sports-betting/horse-racing/win-place-show/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-02-09T16:59:17.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2242" CreationDate="2013-02-10T00:05:31.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding seems correct, however simply using heavier BB's will not increase the strain on the gearbox as the propulsion force for the BB comes from the spring. The spring is unaltered, therefore the strain on the gearbox is unaltered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1099" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T00:05:31.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2241" CreationDate="2013-02-10T12:48:18.043" Score="11" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No-ball delivery&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a bowler over-steps, resulting in &lt;em&gt;No ball&lt;/em&gt;, and the batsman's wicket has been disturbed with the ball going to the boundary, then 5 runs are awarded to the batting side. Five runs is split as one for overstepping and four for the boundary. All these 5 runs go into the extras (No ball) column. However, if the ball touches the bat/glove before hitting the stumps and then goes to the boundary, 1 run is added in the extras column for the No ball and 4 runs are added to the batsman's score. Either way, the batting side get 5 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details, including the excerpt below, can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball,50,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball#Effects_of_a_no_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13 - Runs resulting from a No ball - how scored&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The one run penalty shall be scored as a No ball extra. Any runs completed by the batsmen or any boundary allowance shall be credited to the striker if the ball has been struck by the bat; otherwise they shall also be scored as No ball extras.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Free hit delivery&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The delivery that immediately follows the No ball for overstepping in limited overs cricket is a &lt;em&gt;free hit&lt;/em&gt;. This means that the batsman cannot be dismissed in any way apart from a run out, handling the ball, hitting the ball twice or obstructing the field. So, if the ball hits the stumps and goes to the boundary, the batsman is not out. Instead the batting team get 4 runs as extras (byes) for the ball reaching the boundary. If the batsman has nicked the ball before it hit the stumps on its way to the boundary, then all 4 runs are added to the batsman's score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, if a batsman gets bowled off a free hit and the ball goes to boundary, then &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt;, 4 runs will be added to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T06:27:59.040" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T06:27:59.040" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2240" CreationDate="2013-02-11T04:24:22.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;None of us can offer you definite advice since we don't know who you are and the details of your schedule, your workout, your commitment, the level of competition, etc. There's a whole bunch of variables that are involved here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But just realize that the odds of getting paid are already slim as it is, and a late start isn't going to help. Realistically, I don't think there's much of a chance for you to make it as a professional. By now, you know your body so you should be reasonably aware of how fit you are in comparison with other professional cyclists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, there seems to be some discussion on this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingforums.com/threads/how-old-is-too-old-to-train-to-go-pro.307400/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; that echoes my thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1067" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T04:33:12.130" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T04:33:12.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-11T10:47:12.240" Score="5" ViewCount="1560" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do folding (or telescoping) cross-country skis exist and if so are they useable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="323" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-13T00:49:56.687" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T18:11:19.813" Title="Do folding cross country skis exist?" Tags="|equipment|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2132" CreationDate="2013-02-11T11:11:08.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes slow ascent can be more unsave.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is proven to accent faster for a bit and make stops will me far more effective to decompress then to just assent slowly all the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Building up less gas at depth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Doing an more optimal decompression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it in an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say you make a deep dive. your tissues take up gas because of the pressure difference between your tissues and the surrounding pressure. ( I'm sure you already knew that )&#xA;There are fast and slow tissues. ( onces that take on gas quick and onces that take on gas slow )&#xA;Staying longer at depth you build up more gas in the tissues ( Saturate )&#xA;So as you ascent you actually still are building up more gas in your (slow) tissues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While ascending your tissues become over saturated and you start to desaturate ( 'decompress' )&#xA;There is a point where the decompression is optimal ( larges pressure difference between your over saturated tissues and surroundings so gas exchange speeds up but not that large to cause dangerous bubbles to apear )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this reason I do stops every dive ( even a shallow dive on nitrox I make stops of 1 minute )&#xA;The more effective you decompress the better you come out the water and the less change you'll have to a DCS.&#xA;Also stopping every dive trains you to stay at one depth to do those stops more safely.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more info also check out this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decompression_%28diving%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt; about decompression&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="101" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T11:11:08.687" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2256" CreationDate="2013-02-11T17:57:07.460" Score="5" ViewCount="41297" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the location of the Super Bowl determined? What criteria must a prospective stadium/region meet in order to adequately host the Super Bowl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: Historically, Super Bowls that take place in &quot;cold-weather&quot; cities during the winter have been in domed stadiums. Is this relevant with choosing a location to host a super bowl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Several NFL requirements for Super Bowl's host city are listed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/24584008/nfl-super-bowl-host-city-bid-specifications-and-requirements-leaked&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, which includes &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1184220-20140605190910.html#document/p36&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this document&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T16:25:00.587" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T15:48:27.727" Title="How is the location of the Super Bowl determined?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2255" CreationDate="2013-02-11T18:04:39.570" Score="4" ViewCount="705" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the Winter Olympics will be held in Sochi, Russia.  In 2016, the Summer Olympics will be held in Rio de Janiero, Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are candidate cities that submit bids to host the Olympics. In some cases, competition venues are spread apart from one another. For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venues_of_the_2010_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the procedure a city must take to be eligible to bid to to become a host for the Olympics? In addition, What competitive venues did Sochi, Rio, and Vancouver put in place to legitimately propose a bid to host a summer/winter Olympics? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T19:36:44.930" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:19:55.570" Title="How are the locations of the Olympics determined?" Tags="|olympics|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2254" CreationDate="2013-02-12T09:04:30.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hosting the Olympic Games is respect each city is dreaming about and any city in the world can apply to host the Olympics.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two stages to the selection process:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First stage&lt;/strong&gt; - Apply for hosting&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Cities who apply prepare reports detailing their plans and capabilities to host the Olympic Games. The first stage is the application, where the cities respond to a detailed questionnaire about the master plan to host the Games, including: vision and legacy, the games concept and sports events, the Olympic Village, the center of international communications, experience in sports, environment and meterology, hospitality, transportation, healthcare, security and safety, telecommunications, energy, legal aspects, public and government support, and financing and marketing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Second Stage&lt;/strong&gt; -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After careful examination of the reports, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) publishes which cities have demonstrated the ability to host the games. These cities are the second stage where they meet another series of more in-depth questions. A Special Evaluation Committee of the IOC examines the proposals and visits the candidate cities. Finally a vote is held which determines the host city of the Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While last year London hosted the Games for the third time (more than any other city in the world), and Rio de Janeiro will host the games in 2016, the race to host the games in 2020 has not yet reached the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IOC officially announced the three cities which have applied to host the Games in 2020 out of the cities which presented their candidacy: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Istanbul, Turkey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tokyo, Japan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baku, Azerbaijan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doha, Qatar &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Madrid, Spain&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, the IOC accepted the proposals of Istanbul, Tokyo and Madrid. Later, Tokyo was announced as the host city of the 2020 Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/host-city-election&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/2020-host-city-election&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T17:19:55.570" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:19:55.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2253" CreationDate="2013-02-12T09:29:36.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The location of the Super Bowl is determined by the NFL about 4 years in advance.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every city can place a bid to host a Super Bowl and this bid evaluates by the NFL according to different parameters such as stadium quality(State of the art and over 70,000 seats), the capacity for guest accommodations (I heard on TV that should be at least 25k hotel rooms in one hour distance), restaurants, parking, and stadium and general city security.&#xA;I also heard that the minimal average temperature should be around 10 Celsius/50 Fahrenheit at the game date.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL owners then meet and make the selection on the host city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Bids and the selection determine several years in advance in order the chosen city will be able to complete any construction necessary to this big event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;New Orleans, the site of the 2013 Super Bowl, invested more than $1&#xA;  billion in infrastructure improvements in the years leading up to the&#xA;  game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also read about he history of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballgeography.com/?p=396&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Proposed Super Bowl Sites&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl#Selection_process&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/way_5375424_nfl-super-bowl-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T09:31:30.843" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T09:31:30.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2013-02-12T16:00:14.910" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can give some advice as to what I did to improve my free throws and how that may help in your quest for 100 consecutive. &#xA;Just to give you a measure, I left high school shooting 27% from the free throw line. Yes, you read correctly, 27%. I'm 6'5&quot; and played center while in high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After being recruited, my future college coach told me that if I wanted to play my freshman year I needed to get that above 65%. By the time my freshman season started I was shooting 84% (from preseason averages) and would regularly shoot over 90% when shooting 100 FT at the end of practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My method:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main thing I needed to change was to stop treating my free throw shot as &quot;unique&quot; from my other shooting attempts during the game. Instead, I shot my FTs just like I shoot my jumpers in a game. For me that was simply one dribble and shoot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When practicing FTs I always made sure to do them &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; doing some other drill, be that running, shooting, dribbling, etc. That way you get used to shooting FTs when your legs are tired, arms are tired, mind is tired, or anything of the sort.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While practicing, &lt;strong&gt;every&lt;/strong&gt; FT must be as if its the first meaning, don't make one FT and then just keep your legs stationary while someone passes you back the ball. Re-set every single time so that you get used to having to find your optimum set up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fix your form! This will not only help you shoot FTs but will also help your jumper. Add arc to your shot; that's probably the best thing most can do for their game - simply improve the chance the ball will go through the basket. The higher the arc, the larger the area the ball must be within in order to go through the hoop...physics. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spread your fingers out as much as you can. I had a bad habit of keeping my fingers really close together which didn't give me much control of the ball. Spread fingers also force your hand to &quot;flick&quot; your wrist better in turn leading to better ball rotation on the shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't forget about the basics: bend legs, hands in cookie jar, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how will this help with consecutive FT makes? Muscle memory and stamina. I'm out of college now and haven't practice free throws in god knows how long yet I continue to shoot a high percentage whenever I play any sort of league. After reading your post (yesterday) I went to the gym and shot 100 FTs to see how I would fare: 92/100. I didn't keep track of how many in a row (I missed my first 3) but I'm fairly certain I was over 40 in a row before my last miss which ironically enough was at the hundredth FT (lack of focus I guess).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1106" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-10T22:35:19.153" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T22:35:19.153" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2259" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2269" CreationDate="2013-02-12T18:21:50.133" Score="5" ViewCount="1060" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to get into airsoft as a player new to the sport, what would be the bare minimum kit I'd need to purchase before going to a game as a walk-on player that would ensure my weapon and I are permitted at any site worldwide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume that kit includes everything from footwear to headgear, weapon(s), ammunition and anything in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realise there are some differences in the law between various countries, and that generally the requirements can vary between sites (especially between &lt;em&gt;Close Quarters Battle&lt;/em&gt; (CQB) and outdoor sites), so by &lt;em&gt;any site worldwide&lt;/em&gt;, I'm interested in a baseline set of kit that would satisfy nearly all, or all skirmish sites (CQB or outdoor) in any country that permits airsofting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any recommended extras that would help, but are not required and what are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-13T01:10:50.857" LastActivityDate="2013-02-14T17:49:18.560" Title="What bare minimum kit do I need to become an airsoft skirmisher?" Tags="|equipment|shooting|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2240" CreationDate="2013-02-12T22:44:48.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me start by stating I do not have a great knowledge of the typical career path for pro-cyclists, so this answer deals mostly with the question of 'making it' in any sport beyond some perceived cut off age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any sport, whatever the age of the participants, the chance that any particularly individual, no matter how motivated and talented, will make it to the big time is slim. There are always many more people who want to make it than there are opportunities. Therefore regardless of your age, your chances of making it are small. That means you really need to love the journey, not just the hoped for destination. You have to love training hard and competing to your limit as an end in itself. If your performances are good enough, you will reach your goals but you have got to love striving or else you are setting yourself up for a giant disappointment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would you do in response to your question? If someone said &quot;no you're too old&quot; would you then not bother trying? If so then you probably don't have the innate love of competing that is a requisite of success no matter what your age is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as a caveat regarding pro-cycling, I have several friends on the fringe of the 'serious but not pro' cycling scene and they are pretty much all on drugs. It seems that the dirtiest tier of the sport is those who are trying to 'make it'. The pros are probably largely clean these days due to the testing regimes, and the keen but never going to make it guys don't bother, but those trying to gain the attention of pro teams seem to be willing to take the risk as getting caught leads to no different outcome to not doping and not putting up a good enough performance anyway. What I hear of people using mostly is testosterone as hard training lowers the levels which take a while to recover. Artificially boosting this allows the 'athlete' to train harder and longer. A non-pro isn't going to be tested out of competition and there isn't anything in the body on competition day that would demonstrate the doping. I'm not suggesting you do this, far from it, just be aware of the dirty sport you are contemplating and the cheaters you will be competing against.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T22:44:48.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2261" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-02-13T01:11:02.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Airsoft is a term for a class of air-powered projectile markers, typically firing a spherical capsule of paint or coated pellet that leaves a mark on its target on impact. The sport is related to the U.S. game of paintball, but was originally developed in Japan with the main goal of providing explicit military and police scenario simulation, as opposed to paintball's more recreational basic game of &quot;capture the flag&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Airsoft pellets are of smaller caliber than the eponymous &quot;paintballs&quot; used in Airsoft's sister sport, and the Airsoft player typically carries fewer pellets than in most forms of paintball, instead placing a higher emphasis on the accuracy of each shot. The markers often resemble real military firearms, again owing to the origins of the sport as a military simulation, and the projectile speeds from an Airsoft marker are higher than the &quot;field-legal&quot; 280fps enforced at most paintball fields; depending on the type of weapon and the scenario, airsoft pellets typically start at about 330fps, and can be field legal in certain situations at up to 550fps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to paintball, Airsoft requires players to wear protective face gear in the form of a mask and goggles, to avoid injury to these sensitive areas of the body. Hard-shelled vests are also common. Despite this, bruises and welts are a common incidental injury involved in playing Airsoft, as are many injuries related to running and sliding, such as sprained ankles and broken legs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T21:33:55.203" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T21:33:55.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2262" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-02-13T01:11:02.263" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of airsoft." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-13T01:11:02.263" LastActivityDate="2013-02-13T01:11:02.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2327" CreationDate="2013-02-14T06:03:01.283" Score="4" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Raiders of the 70's claimed the best winning percentage of &lt;em&gt;any team in all of professional sports&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, although they played in the Super Bowl in 2002, the Raiders followed that with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Raiders#Hue_Jackson_Era_.282011.29&quot;&gt;seven consecutive seasons with at least 11 losses per season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What factors could have contributed to the fall of the Oakland Raiders? What specific factors may have contributed to their playoff success in the early 2000's followed by a record number of consecutive losing seasons (according to Wikipedia) since their Super Bowl season of 2002?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastEditorUserId="1110" LastEditDate="2013-02-14T23:40:17.067" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T15:16:51.810" Title="What factors could have contributed to the fall of the Oakland Raiders?" Tags="|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2266" CreationDate="2013-02-14T12:44:13.497" Score="16" ViewCount="2228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder why wrestling was removed from the Olympics without any public discussion. I do not follow wrestling on a regular basis but considering that it has been one of the oldest sports in the world history and a part of the Olympic games since 1904, I was a bit shocked when I heard the news.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone shed some light into the official (and perhaps less official, more speculative) motives behind this decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2013-02-15T20:50:18.060" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T15:55:34.603" Title="What was the motivation behind the removal of wrestling from the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2265" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-14T13:33:02.203" Score="8" ViewCount="9502" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the increased security on international (and internal) flights in the last few decades, what is the best way to transport airsoft rifles and pistols between countries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several large international airsoft skirmishes - the most notable one that comes to mind is Berget in Sweden (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.berget-events.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.berget-events.com/&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the majority of cases, does an additional licence or permit need to be purchased?  If there are specific, relevant exceptions please indicate these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a flight connects through a country where airsoft guns are illegal/banned, are there any further actions to be taken with the intermediate country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a service available (such as a courier service) that could be used to transport the weapons, so they don't need to be transported as luggage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An answer to this might also apply to other shooting/archery sports, especially if countries worldwide do not make a distinction between airsoft weapons (which are basically non-lethal) and other projectile weapons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2022-05-13T08:46:16.427" Title="How to transport airsoft gun(s) internationally?" Tags="|equipment|shooting|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2264" CreationDate="2013-02-14T15:07:09.690" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to a statement by an IOC spokesperson in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/olympics/wrestling/story/_/id/8939185/ioc-drops-wrestling-2020-olympics&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, this is a move to renovate the offering of core sports in the Olympics and offer &quot;the best program for the Olympic Games in 2020.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was noted that wrestling ranked low in popularity, TV audience, hits on the Internet, and press coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An executive board reviewed sports in the Summer Olympics with the intent to remove one to add another later this year...none may be added however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The board voted after reviewing a report by the IOC program commission&#xA;  that analyzed 39 criteria, including TV ratings, ticket sales,&#xA;  anti-doping policy and global participation and popularity. With no&#xA;  official rankings or recommendations contained in the report, the&#xA;  final decision by the 15-member board was also subject to political,&#xA;  emotional and sentimental factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-02-14T15:07:09.690" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2267" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2013-02-14T16:44:33.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Sports&lt;/STRONG&gt; is for participants, hobbyists, and fans of all sports and forms of competitive physical activity. It's built and run &lt;EM&gt;by you&lt;/EM&gt; as part of the &lt;A href=&quot;http://stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;Stack Exchange&lt;/A&gt; network of Q&amp;amp;A sites. With your help, we're working together to build a library of detailed answers to every question about sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-12T17:17:56.723" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T17:17:56.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2265" CreationDate="2013-02-14T17:39:34.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the best way to transport between countries is to drive to them - which is how most players get to the Berget event you have mentioned. As far as I know, you need very little apart from a large lockbox to keep ALL of your weapons in - this also includes any pyrotechnics you might be taking with you. I am assuming here that all involved with be registered UKARA players as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do wish to fly however, its a bit more complicated. UKARA membership goes without saying, but you will also need permission (in the form of a letter) from the police, confirming what you are travelling with, especially if its not two-tone and therefore classed a realistic imitation firearm (RIF). The airline and the airport travelling from and to will also need to be notified prior to the date of travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Couriers could be used providing you are 100% clear what it is you are transporting, but personally, I don't think I would trust them. I'd rather book it in, and be able to pick it up at the other end. That way, if something has been damaged, I can take it up with the airline immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1112" LastActivityDate="2013-02-14T17:39:34.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2259" CreationDate="2013-02-14T17:49:18.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say the bare minimum is essential for anyone looking to get into airsoft - even if its just a one off day. Those essentials would be the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good pair of boots - this is a must and can easily turned a broken ankle into a sprain. I would always recommend that as someones first purchase, regardless of the terrain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eye protection - sure you can rent from most reputable sites, but I would personally always buy my own, even if you start with a cheaper pair and upgrade as you become more experienced.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Loose clothing that you don't mind getting destroyed - always start with loose clothing when first starting out as there is nothing worse than being hit on what might as well be bare skin (if the clothing is too tight on your body).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thats about it in regards to essentials - I would recommend &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; looking into purchasing a weapon until you have at least tried it a few times. Pay the little bit extra on a gameday and use rentals as it will not only give you a real feel for it, but also give you experience with different weapons. Sidearms are also a luxury when you progress more into the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you gain more experience, you will naturally start to learn and get a feel for your own play-style and therefore be able to judge what kit/gear might work well for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1112" LastActivityDate="2013-02-14T17:49:18.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2270" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2272" CreationDate="2013-02-15T06:19:42.147" Score="7" ViewCount="10127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having major problem with my goggles. I have 6 pairs of competitive and training grade goggles. If I use the tight low profile goggles when I swim (one hour everyday) I feel pressure above my eyes (very unpleasant when done everyday) and I have to loosen the goggles =&gt; Water gets in when swimming rigorously that long and If i use the swimming masks when doing butterfly and breaststroke water gets in when swimming at a very rigorous pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any tips to sealing the goggles better? any sort of coating or material I can use to seal them better?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1032" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-02-15T10:03:14.890" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T21:47:54.567" Title="Any tips for sealing swimming goggles.masks and keeping water out?" Tags="|equipment|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-02-16T13:01:47.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would advise a less obvious answer: no gasket/seal at all!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I (and almost all members of our swimming team) was using the well known &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_goggles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Swedish goggles&lt;/a&gt;. They come unassembled, so you have to assemble them by yourself but can then adapt them perfectly: single or double rubber strip around the head (I used two, one quite high on the head and another one quite low, but you may prefer something different), size and length of nose piece, which will help both cups to stay in contact with your skin when the length is correctly adapted.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite what most people think, they are not less comfortable than other goggles but really have to be well assembled to your face's dimensions. So, lots of trial and error but you'll end up with a tailor-made goggle. Bring everything you need to adapt them directly at the pool, so you can modify nose piece length, try for 50 meters and adapt again if needed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't check recently but I think some (most?) of the current competitive swimmers still use this kind of goggles and they swim quite vigorously!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can even be fashionable and use two cups of different color should you want it!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And best of all, being just two plastic cups, a strap and a piece of string, they are quite cheap!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-02-27T21:47:54.567" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T21:47:54.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-17T01:18:36.083" Score="8" ViewCount="2315" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was watching a few old highlights of the Brief from the 50's today, and found that Northern Ontario always had their own entry, even then. Is there a reason why even thought it's not it's own province, it would be given an entry as if it were in events such as the Brier and the Scotties?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-17T13:45:45.517" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T01:19:37.657" Title="Why does Northern Ontario get their own entry in curling events such as the Brier?" Tags="|history|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-02-17T10:39:05.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I used to compete a lot, the solution (given the technology back then was not advanced, so goggles were not as streamlined and the gaskets weren't as good as they are today) was to overtighten them. Yes, it's uncomfortable, but it works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, most goggles should seal themselves incredibly well, so no matter what stroke you are swimmiing, or how hard you are swimming you should not get leaks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are getting leaks, the things to look at:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;style: are you choosing goggles that are the right fit for you? Everyone's face is a different shape, so shop around. I have a wide bridge of my nose, so I need to pick up goggles which accommodate this - they are easily available.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tension: are you tightening them up enough, and ensuring that you have not only a tight strap, but also suction behind the goggles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dive: you could be losing a bit of the seal on your dive. Have a look at my answer on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1237/103&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; to see how wearing two caps can help with this&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T10:39:05.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2273" CreationDate="2013-02-18T03:34:39.373" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's history more than anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the first Brier in 1927, six provinces were represented – New&#xA;  Brunswick, Northern Ontario, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec and&#xA;  Saskatchewan, along with teams from Toronto and Montreal. In 1928,&#xA;  Alberta and Manitoba joined the championship. In 1932, city&#xA;  representation was dropped, but in 1936, Prince Edward Island and&#xA;  British Columbia were added, followed by Newfoundland in 1951 and&#xA;  Yukon/Northwest Territories in 1975.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.curling.ca/championships/brier/history-of-the-brier/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Northern Ontario has always felt it is &quot;different&quot; from Southern Ontario in a lot of ways, geographically as well as socially and politically.  There have also been movements to try to get itself separated from the rest of Ontario, but they have failed.  Overall, the people of Northern Ontario believe they have a vastly different identity than Soutnern Ontario, and they want to keep it that way.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.northernlife.ca/news/columns/atkins/11-03-06-ottawa.aspx&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keeping their separation in events like curling (and specifically the Brier) help keep that identity alive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2013-02-18T03:34:39.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2277" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2279" CreationDate="2013-02-18T16:55:13.443" Score="4" ViewCount="1437" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the core or basic skills that youth soccer players should focus on during practice?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am new to coaching a youth (8 year old) recreational soccer league in the Midwest, USA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have already started &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; training as a coach by brushing up on the rules of the game; discovering drills for the kids to practice; and generally just thinking through ways to make both practice and the game fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need guidance in identifying what the core or basic skills are that the kids should be focusing on as opposed to more advanced skills which presumably build upon the basics.  Some players will be new this season, other players have a season or two.  None of them have played under an experienced coach, so their background is pretty light still.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1122" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T15:54:03.203" Title="What are the core skills for youth soccer" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2277" CreationDate="2013-02-19T02:01:37.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best drills for kids are the basic one. Since the kids doesn't resolve good on tactic and strategy (almost all of them), is better to let them do what the football is about: passing and kicking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;run with the ball using cones and kicking is by far one of the easiest and more accurate drill for kids. &#xA;Passing to a fellow player and kicking also is a good drill, both for kicking and also for make a feel of team player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some kids will kick better than other, then you can focus on different types of kicks and ball control for them.&#xA;And play.. play a lot, the kids are there for playing :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T02:01:37.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2281" CreationDate="2013-02-19T05:28:54.913" Score="5" ViewCount="907" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do batsmen in T20 matches sit close to the boundary, instead of sitting in the dressing room? Is there any logic behind it? Or this is just a rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="1251" LastEditDate="2013-04-04T11:41:05.110" LastActivityDate="2013-04-04T11:41:05.110" Title="Why do batsmen in T20 matches sit close to the boundary, instead of sitting in the dressing room?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-02-19T07:03:46.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;T20 as a concept was to make the cricket fast paced,as short as possible and make the game appealing to all people (something like how baseball is in US). The idea was to make each innings last only for around 90 minutes so that it attracts more people to watch the game. &#xA;One of the ways to reduce the time taken by batsmen to occupy the crease was to make them sit near the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The prime reason why Batsmen sit close to the boundary in the T20&#xA;  matches is to reduce the time taken by the next batsmen to occupy the&#xA;  crease. Also it gives flexibility to send out any batsmen according to&#xA;  the team's current situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you see, at least two three batsmen will be padded up in a T20 game all the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-02-19T07:38:51.923" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T07:38:51.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2283" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2285" CreationDate="2013-02-19T15:44:01.090" Score="4" ViewCount="3586" Body="&lt;p&gt;A receiver catches a forward pass, lands deliberately just on one foot and then throws the football forward with so-called &quot;throwing motion&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;Pass&lt;/strong&gt; is the movement of the ball caused by the &lt;strong&gt;runner&lt;/strong&gt; who throws,&#xA;  shoves (shovel pass), or pushes (push pass) the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Runner&lt;/strong&gt; is the offensive player who is in &lt;strong&gt;possession&lt;/strong&gt; of a live ball&#xA;  (3-2-1), i.e., holding the ball or carrying it in any direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is required for a receiver to place the both feet inbounds to maintain possession, and it is also required to maintain possession to perform a forward pass.&#xA;But since the receiver doesn't have possession (just one foot inbounds), it is not a forward pass and rather deflection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So would it be an illegal forward pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1125" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-19T16:18:53.010" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T21:51:37.710" Title="Legal way to perform a second forward pass?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2277" CreationDate="2013-02-19T15:54:03.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the basic exercises concept. Passing and shooting are by far the most important aspects of the game at that age. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some exercises that will probably be fun for them: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Piggy in the middle&quot;: players form a circle of about 5-6 players, one players gets in the middle of the circle. The goal of the exercise is to be able to pass accurately under pressure, once you are in the middle, you chase the ball and try to a) get control of it, or b) disturb the pass from a player to another. Once you succeed you change places&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;passes with alternating feet: pair the kids with a relatively short distance in between them. Then instruct them to pass the ball to one another; alternating the foot used for the pass. Then adjust the distance and/or tempo to increase difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;team penalties: divide them into two teams, have them play a short match. Then give the losing team a chance to &quot;redeem&quot; by challenging the winners to a penalty shoot-out (of course there isn't much of a challenge, but it's probably more fun if you encourage them to see it that way).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if you have access to cones (if not just pick something large enough to be seen and small enough to be &quot;dribbled&quot;) put them with a couple of meters distance, and have the kids slalom through them as fast as they can. No need to pressure them, as they are still very young...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll add more if I come up with other drills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T15:54:03.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2283" CreationDate="2013-02-19T17:17:51.087" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A receiver can not be deemed to have &lt;em&gt;caught&lt;/em&gt; the ball until they have both feet (or one knee) on the ground: &amp;quot;A catch is made when a player inbounds secures possession of a pass&amp;quot;. So, by definition, &lt;strong&gt;the situation described in your first sentence can never occur&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you describe is the same as a receiver batting the ball forward. The closest thing to your described situation is covered in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/26_2012_Official_CaseBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL 2012 Casebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.R. 8.123 BATTING PASS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First-and-10 on A25. A1 passes forward to A2 who, at the A30, bats the ball forward to tackle A6 who was legally downfield. A6 catches the ball and runs for a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruling: Touchdown Team A. Kickoff A35. &lt;strong&gt;Legal play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T17:17:51.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2013-02-19T18:44:02.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like said before, I think the person throwing the ball is not defined by the rule but rather by natural optimization of tactics. I have been playing in teams where the flanker was throwing the ball in lineout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would add that there is no limit on the number of players in a lineout, and that all of the players of the team to be part of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the Hooker is not always throwing the ball as you can see when a back for instance picks up the ball and play a quick lineout for a teammate, or himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1126" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T18:44:02.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2287" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2290" CreationDate="2013-02-20T05:23:40.517" Score="2" ViewCount="3811" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman hits the ball inside the ground and begins running between the wickets and now the ball is thrown back to the Fielder/Bowler/WK(FBWK) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the FBWK catches the ball in one hand and hits the stumps with other&#xA;hand before the batsman gets reached, is this a run out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the FBWK catches the ball in hands and hits the stumps with leg or&#xA;any other part of his body before the batsman gets reached, is this a run out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This scenario can occur, when the ball was thrown far away from stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T03:18:19.377" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T01:01:41.490" Title="Is this a run out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-02-20T05:45:22.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;On top of @kartshan's answer, the main reason that couple of batsmen are padded and waiting in the dug-out rather than the pavilion is that batsmen are dismissed as &lt;code&gt;timed-out&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;90 seconds&lt;/code&gt; in T20 cricket instead of the 180 seconds in other forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T05:45:22.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2287" CreationDate="2013-02-20T07:37:00.973" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the batsman cannot be run out in both these scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For a batsman to be dismissed by run out, his wicket needs to be put&#xA;  down. What this means is defined by Law 28 of the Laws of cricket. The&#xA;  wicket is put down if the person holding the ball hit the stumps with&#xA;  his hand or arm, and provided that the ball is held in the hand or&#xA;  hands so used, or in the hand of the arm so used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down,54,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt; (Checkout the 5th part of &lt;strong&gt;Wicket Put Down&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastEditorUserId="667" LastEditDate="2013-05-22T10:16:03.287" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T10:16:03.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3426" CreationDate="2013-02-20T10:09:49.913" Score="4" ViewCount="1003" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any chance of bowling a trial ball before the start of the innings in international cricket history like street cricket or local cricket matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer if yes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did they stop this practice?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the reason for that?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If No:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the reason for not including this sportive thing in&#xA;international cricket?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-02-20T16:23:34.520" LastActivityDate="2013-10-26T08:07:54.730" Title="Trial ball in international matches" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2291" CreationDate="2013-02-20T10:49:42.763" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you cannot practice on the pitch see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-practice-on-the-field,43,AR.html&quot;&gt;The Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;. The reason is the state of the pitch, and any wear on it, is an important part of how a game of cricket unfolds. Practicing on the pitch would alter its state and therefore could be used as a tactic in some way, so is not permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T10:49:42.763" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2294" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-21T00:23:01.753" Score="5" ViewCount="1526" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 25 and I started playing table tennis 6 months ago. Since then I've played almost every weekday for at least 20 minutes. Currently I can play the standard shots. But I am not winning matches against the best players. It is mainly due to two reasons for me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serve: while serving, very often I tend to serve a &quot;no-spin easy serve&quot;, or a service fault.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Return of serve: while returning side spin serves and other heavy spin serves, I mishit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this is a fairly big question. But I feel it will be useful for the beginners like me to go in the right direction for improving further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1128" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:08:15.937" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:08:15.937" Title="Effective way to learn spin in table tennis" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|spin|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2294" CreationDate="2013-02-21T03:47:27.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only way to master and play a sport to the best of your ability is PRACTICE, PRACTICE and more PRACTICE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20 minutes of play time for 5 days a week is far too little to compete and give a fight against better players. You need to increase this practice time and make it more effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Find a player who is of your competence level in the sport and practice with him/her. Have a practice schedule: for example, one person can try out different spin serves while the other can receive it for the first 10 minutes. In the next 10 minutes, you can reverse roles. You can then move on to chops, rallies, smashes, etc. This helps keep the routine mixed so you don't get bored with one thing, as such. At the end of the practice session, both of you can have a match, where you can try out all the things that you might have practiced in the day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you don't have a table to play on, you can practice against the wall. Another way would be to for two players to play on a thin long horizontal stool/table, instead of the normal table. This will help you place the ball better and perfect your direction choosing abilities and the angles with which you play the shot, as the table is much narrower than the original table used in table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-14T23:40:23.957" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T23:40:23.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2297" CreationDate="2013-02-21T05:57:55.567" Score="2" ViewCount="2121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the Vice captain of a team have any influence in selecting the playing 11 or other activities in international cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or simply,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He can give some opinions about all the things in the presence of&#xA;   captain and only can act as the captain in the absence of captain due&#xA;   to injury or due to some other reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the roles of a vice captain in the presence of captain in International Cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-09T03:05:29.823" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T03:05:29.823" Title="What are the roles of vice captain?" Tags="|cricket|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2296" CreationDate="2013-02-21T06:48:34.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There always needs to be a nominated captain on the field for the bowling team as certain communications are specified in the rules to occur between the Umpires and the captain. If the captain is off the field due to injury or some other reason, generally the vice-captain takes over the official role while the captain is absent, but it doesn't have to be him, any other player would be permitted to act as captain. This often occurred when Hashim Amla was vice-captain of South Africa. Even when the captain was absent, someone else took over and he remained vice-captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing official in the rules about the role of the vice-captain, and what they actually do in practice varies between different teams. Some teams don't have a vice-captain at all and instead have just a 'leadership group' of senior players who help the captain by suggesting tactics, field placements, bowling changes etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for team selection, whether or not the captain themselves has a say varies considerably between different teams, depending on how they structure the selection committee. Whether the vice-captain has any role would also vary, though in most cases they would not play any role in selections.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T06:48:34.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2300" CreationDate="2013-02-21T09:01:11.650" Score="6" ViewCount="9421" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it necessary that an International cricket ground should has the&#xA;boundary line in circle shape?Is it allowed by ICC to make it a&#xA;square or ellipse or any other?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the minimum and maximum area allowed for an international&#xA;cricket ground?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the maximum number of international cricket grounds that a&#xA;country allowed to have?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T05:22:46.583" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T11:19:44.613" Title="Cricket ground specifications" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2298" CreationDate="2013-02-22T02:34:03.703" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket is governed by two things, the Laws of Cricket and the Playing Conditions. The former are strict and do not change very often whereas the Playing Conditions allow different competitions to make adjustments to suit their needs while still conforming to the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of international cricket, the International Cricket Council (ICC) maintains a set of playing conditions separately for Test Matches, ODIs and T20Is. These cover things like the uses of replays to assist Umpires DRS as well as heap of other aspects that vary between the formats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Laws don't appear to state any restrictions on the size of the boundaries, but there are details in the ICC's playing conditions. You can find these for the different formats &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. As an example, here are the details for Test Cricket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The playing area shall be a minimum of 150 yards (137.16 metres) from&#xA;  boundary to boundary square of the pitch, with the shorter of the two&#xA;  square boundaries being a minimum 65 yards (59.43 metres). The straight&#xA;  boundary at both ends of the pitch shall be a minimum of 70 yards (64.00&#xA;  metres). Distances shall be measured from the centre of the pitch to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all cases the aim shall be to provide the largest playing area, subject&#xA;  to no boundary exceeding 90 yards (82.29 meters) from the centre of the&#xA;  pitch to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any ground which has been approved to host international cricket prior&#xA;  to 1st October 2007 or which is currently under construction as of this&#xA;  date which is unable to conform to these new minimum dimensions&#xA;  shall be exempt. In such cases the regulations in force immediately prior&#xA;  to the adoption of these regulations shall apply&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T06:01:38.437" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T06:01:38.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2302" CreationDate="2013-02-22T04:53:28.600" Score="9" ViewCount="35510" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is permitted for a batsman to reverse or switch his bat from right to left or vice versa for getting runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they missed the ball means, what is the rule there regarding wide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more clear, for ex,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman faces the ball with RHB and switch his bat to LHB and missed the ball, now the ball went outside the leg stump according to LHB, is this a wide ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T08:25:36.253" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T10:34:41.580" Title="What is the rule for wide ball during reverse hit or switch hit?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2301" CreationDate="2013-02-22T06:10:12.163" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question. A similar query applies to LBW. Does the off and leg sides get switched in regards to applying the different rules on LBW for the different sides? It takes some digging through different parts of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; to get a answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing I can find the defines the moment in time that the off and leg sides get defined is in Law 36 regarding LBW. It states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Off side of wicket&#xA;  The off side of the striker’s wicket shall be determined by the striker’s stance&#xA;  at the moment the ball comes into play for that delivery.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when does the ball come into play? If we go to Law 23 we find&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ball ceases to be dead&#xA;  The ball ceases to be dead - that is, it comes into play - when the bowler starts&#xA;  his run up or, if he has no run up, his bowling action.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the original definition of the sides stand, so this won't be called a wide. Note that there may be some additional clarifications about this in the playing conditions, but I couldn't find anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that in the case of LBW this is true; the original sides stand. I know this because many people have suggested, correctly in my view, that the laws should be changed on this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T03:57:58.077" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T03:57:58.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2304" CreationDate="2013-02-22T09:24:04.340" Score="3" ViewCount="53441" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of runs allowed to take by running between the wickets per ball including overthrows in international cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman doubted that he or his partner didn't get reach any of the runs, are they allowed to run more than the maximum number?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:10:35.480" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T16:32:47.090" Title="What is the maximum runs allowed to take by running between the wickets?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-02-25T14:09:02.870" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2303" CreationDate="2013-02-23T16:11:15.947" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no limit to the amount of runs that can be scored off a single ball. Any runs scored as a result of fielding side's overthrows will get added. You can read a bit more about this on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's article about overthrows&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If in the case of a ball being lost in the field (in high grass or something similar), the fielding side can invoke &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-lost-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 20&lt;/a&gt;, which will award the batting side all the runs they scored from running between the wickets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="255" LastEditorUserId="255" LastEditDate="2014-03-11T16:32:47.090" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T16:32:47.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21151" CreationDate="2013-02-24T17:03:39.543" Score="9" ViewCount="971" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A is losing by X points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the game, either they draw or Team A wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is the largest X?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:02:27.837" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T19:06:43.410" Title="What is the largest deficit overcome in a 6 nations match?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-02-24T21:23:12.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know about a product to for sealing the goggles, but I switched to using a different brand of goggle a while back and I haven't had any leakage problems since. I use Aquasphere Kayenne. The seal is really good and the eye piece/strap connector has a little button you can press to adjust the tension slightly without having to adjust the fit and seal. You can see it on this picture - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0025KURO2/?tag=hydra0b-21&amp;amp;hvadid=9556669869&amp;amp;ref=asc_df_B0025KURO2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0025KURO2/?tag=hydra0b-21&amp;amp;hvadid=9556669869&amp;amp;ref=asc_df_B0025KURO2&lt;/a&gt; (I know it's an Amazon picture and I'm not promoting them or suggesting you buy them, but there's a handy zoom function so that you can see exactly what I mean!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They're not suitable for everyone - they're rather bulky so may be a bit big for competitive swimming. But I swim long distance, indoor and outdoor, and they work really well for me. And I've tried many different styles before these ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="850" LastActivityDate="2013-02-24T21:23:12.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2308" CreationDate="2013-02-25T06:03:32.263" Score="10" ViewCount="15400" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to dismiss a batsman by stumping off a fast bowler with the wicket keeper not standing up to the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more specific, for stumping a batsman, is it mandatory to keep the ball within the hands?(since the keeper has to throw the ball to stump the batsman when standing in the normal position for a fast bowler)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the WK throws the ball to the stumps before the batsman returns to the crease, is this a runout or stumping? (the batsman is not intending to take a run)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the WK are trying to throw the ball with under-arm in this scenario. Are there any rules regarding that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T06:41:15.257" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T06:01:21.020" Title="Stumping from fast bowling?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2307" CreationDate="2013-02-25T08:20:18.937" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is not mandatory to keep the ball within the wicket keeper's hand&#xA;to stump the batsman. He can put the wicket down with ball in his&#xA;hand or thrown on to the stumps.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It will be given stumped out even if the keeper throws the ball to&#xA;the stumps keeping that there is  no subsequent contact between the&#xA;ball and any other member of the fielding side&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_39.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source - Rules of Cricket - Law 39.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Regarding your final question, there is no rule as how to throw the ball to the stumps. Wicketkeepers often do that because it's quite difficult to throw the ball overarm wearing the keeper's gloves (WK gloves cannot be folded). So it is better to throw underarm to get more control over the throw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastEditorUserId="12477" LastEditDate="2019-05-24T06:01:21.020" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T06:01:21.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2072" CreationDate="2013-02-25T10:20:16.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Monitoring of test tracks is actually quite well policed, and is quite easy, as it isn't a simple logistical exercise to get an F1 car track tested. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is harder to check for is testing of particular components, or windtunnel testing, by 3rd parties as these may not be obvious to the monitors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So instead what they rely on is that F1 teams will be punished if they push the rules too far. It is understood that F1 teams will try to exploit any loophole or push any rule to its limit in order to gain an advantage, but the penalties for actually breaking a rule are quite high so they have to weigh up the potential cost to themselves, versus the potential gains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many agree it appears to work, but there are a fair few cynics who suggest that the biggest names may have ways and means that the smaller teams don't, including relationships with fluid dynamics teams, manufacturers, test suites etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2013-02-25T10:20:16.380" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-26T14:13:24.200" Score="8" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an old paddle from my college days from over 10 years ago. It's starting to show some wear and tear most noticeably on the rubber (scratches, scuffs, etc.) due to poor maintenance and storage over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm considering buying a new paddle, but I am not sure what I should look for. When I bought my original paddle, I only considered the rubber with the pips facing inwards which I learned affects spin. What else should I consider in terms of material, assembly, and level of skill when buying a new paddle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user107" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:20:09.577" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T03:17:12.427" Title="What should I consider when buying a table tennis racquet?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2310" CreationDate="2013-02-26T22:04:38.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on how serious of a player you are and how much you plan to be playing - but you could either buy the rubber by itself and resurface your existing paddle (which requires some amount of knowing what you're doing) or you could go down to your nearest sporting goods store and spend somewhere between $40-60 and get a pretty nice paddle with high enough quality rubber that should last you a good while. The better care you take of the rubber (cleaning it) the longer it should last you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-02-26T22:04:38.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2312" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2313" CreationDate="2013-02-27T00:48:17.810" Score="6" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alex Ovechkin had 3 goals and 1 assist in &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nhl/boxscore?gameId=400442724&quot;&gt;Saturday's 5-1 win over the New Jersey Devils&lt;/a&gt;. The Devils only scored 1 goal so I'd assume his minimum +/-, assuming he was on the ice when the Devils scored, is +3 (4 points for - 1 against). But he is listed as +2. Is this a mistake, me being stupid, or missing something about +/-?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1139" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T01:37:22.597" Title="Ovechkin's +/- in his recent hat trick game" Tags="|ice-hockey|statistics|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2312" CreationDate="2013-02-27T01:37:22.597" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Power play goals don't count towards the scoring team players' &lt;em&gt;+&lt;/em&gt;. One of Ovechkin's goals and his assist were both on power play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T01:37:22.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2314" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2316" CreationDate="2013-02-27T07:24:25.930" Score="3" ViewCount="14962" Body="&lt;p&gt;I define a hat-trick as &quot;three successes of the same kind&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a bowler bowls a wide ball/dead ball in between consecutive wickets &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ie,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;W  W  Wd W&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be a hat-trick wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the rule for no-ball in this scenario? since, it is difficult to take wicket in the free-hit ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T08:27:33.953" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T08:27:33.953" Title="Rules for hat-trick while bowling" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2314" CreationDate="2013-02-27T09:22:14.283" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia defines &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hat-trick&lt;/a&gt; as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count towards a hat-trick; run outs do not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines a hat-trick as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] the taking of three wickets by the same bowler with successive balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term hat-trick in cricket has no official definition by its governing bodies, but is a term used by the media and cricket aficionados to describe three wickets (that are claimed by the bowler) in three consecutive deliveries. It is left to each one's perspective if a hat-trick is annulled if three wickets are separated by a wide, but a vast majority would believe that having a wide in between three wickets is &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; a hat-trick, as implied by the definitions above. This is because though the wide delivery is illegal, it still is a delivery, implying that three batsmen are not dismissed in three consecutive deliveries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is the case for a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-07-01T15:46:40.123" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T15:46:40.123" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2322" CreationDate="2013-02-27T10:26:36.457" Score="5" ViewCount="34540" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler takes wicket in the last ball of an over and takes other two wickets in the first two balls of the next over then it is considered as Hat-trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if a bowler takes last two wickets in one match and in the next match he takes a wicket in the first ball of his very first over. Will it considered as a Hat-trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar (and related) question: What if a bowler takes last two wickets in first innings of a test match and in the second innings (of the same test match) he takes a wicket in the first ball of his very first over. Will it considered as a Hat-trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:35:11.590" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T09:54:45.487" Title="Hat-trick rules for different match/innings" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2317" CreationDate="2013-02-27T11:12:01.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen&#xA;  with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an&#xA;  over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the&#xA;  other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the&#xA;  individual bowler. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count towards&#xA;  a hat-trick; run outs do not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here one thing we have to remind is that, there is no official definition or law for &lt;strong&gt;Hat-Tricks&lt;/strong&gt;. There are no official wordings or like that as how a Hat-Trick is achieved. It is more commonly a term used by media and others who see this an individual achievement by a player. So basically it is to be left with each person's perspective as to which one is a Hat-Trick or which one is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2314/rules-for-hat-trick-while-bowling&quot;&gt;asked in this question&lt;/a&gt; one can argue over a Hat-Trick with a wide ball(or no-ball) in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway in the same link I provided, there are some peculiar Hat-Tricks explained, like the one you asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some hat-tricks are particularly extraordinary. On 2 December 1988,&#xA;  Merv Hughes, playing for Australia, dismissing Curtly Ambrose with the&#xA;  last ball of his penultimate over and Patrick Patterson with the first&#xA;  ball of his next over, wrapping up the West Indies first innings. When&#xA;  Hughes returned to bowl in the West Indies second innings, he trapped&#xA;  Gordon Greenidge lbw with his first ball, completing a hat-trick over&#xA;  two different innings and becoming the only player in Test cricket&#xA;  history to achieve the three wickets of a hat-trick in three different&#xA;  overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can say it is a Hat-Trick spread over two innings/match or you dont agree at all. As I said above it is each person's perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T11:12:01.943" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2317" CreationDate="2013-02-28T09:03:06.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms#Hat-trick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's definition of Hat-Trick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a bowler taking a wicket off each of three consecutive deliveries that he bowls in &lt;strong&gt;a single match&lt;/strong&gt; (whether in the same over or split up in two consecutive overs, or two overs in two different spells, or even spread across two innings of &lt;strong&gt;a test match&lt;/strong&gt; or first-class cricket game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from the definition we can say that a Hat-Trick must be occur within &lt;strong&gt;a single match&lt;/strong&gt;. It &lt;strong&gt;can not&lt;/strong&gt; be spread across &lt;strong&gt;two matches&lt;/strong&gt;. But it &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt;, of course, be spread across the two innings of a double-innings match, such as a &lt;strong&gt;Test match&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-05T13:08:47.780" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T13:08:47.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2323" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2324" CreationDate="2013-02-28T14:12:05.193" Score="4" ViewCount="7467" Body="&lt;p&gt;At times, when I play basketball, I notice some basektballs are labeled as &quot;indoor&quot;, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.walmart.com/ip/Spalding-Official-NBA-Youth-Outdoor-Basketball-27.5/11032308&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;outdoor&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.walmart.com/ip/Spalding-NBA-Official-Indoor-Outdoor-Basketball/2416205&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;indoor/outdoor&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the differences between indoor, outdoor, and indoor/outdoor basketballs?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a design/material difference? I assume outdoor basketballs are designed with durability in mind, but is there a need for the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-02-28T15:35:02.707" LastActivityDate="2013-02-28T17:54:08.630" Title="What are the differences between indoor, outdoor, and indoor/outdoor basketballs?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2323" CreationDate="2013-02-28T17:54:08.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are the differences between indoor, outdoor, and indoor/outdoor&#xA;  basketballs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Indoor&quot; Basketballs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Made of full-grain leather&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Requires being broken-in for optimal use&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Feels smooth and has superior grip&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reliable/consistent bounce characteristics&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://store.nba.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2674368&amp;amp;CAWELAID=1018762924&amp;amp;cagpspn=pla&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Expensive&lt;/a&gt; - due to cost of materials&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;All-Surface&quot; Basketballs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Made of rubber or synthetic leather&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can be used right out of the box&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Feels rough and has less than superior grip&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does not have as reliable/consistent bounce characteristics&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Not as expensive&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it a design/material difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. Full-grain leather vs. rubber/synthetic leather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a need for the difference [between &quot;indoor&quot; and &quot;all-surface&quot; basketballs]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. Basketballs are made specifically indoor use or all-surface (outdoor, indoor/outdoor) use. &lt;sub&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_%28ball%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/135835-what-is-difference-between-outdoor-basketball-indoor-basketball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indoor basketballs, when exposed to outdoor elements such as asphalt, dirt, and moisture, wear out sooner than all-surface basketballs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using indoor basketballs indoors and all-surface basketballs indoors or outdoors will maximize the life of each type of basketball. The cost to replace an indoor basketball is more than the cost to replace an all-surface basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-02-28T17:54:08.630" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2325" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2326" CreationDate="2013-03-01T05:26:14.843" Score="9" ViewCount="40629" Body="&lt;p&gt;Minimum number of overs allowed per day in a test cricket match is 90.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of overs allowed to bowl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 2 or 3 more overs required to win the match means, who will decide whether to extend the match or declare it as a draw? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-09-11T11:00:15.067" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T17:49:23.840" Title="What is the maximum number of overs allowed to bowl in a single day of a test match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2325" CreationDate="2013-03-01T13:46:12.893" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no maximum number of overs allowed to be bowled in a Test match.  The extent of play is determined by time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the last day, the provisions for the &quot;last hour&quot; apply.  At least 15 overs need to be bowled after the last hour has started.  If a team is short of victory when the time is up and the 15 overs have been bowled, the match is a draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-03-01T13:46:12.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2263" CreationDate="2013-03-01T16:44:36.090" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will attempt to present factors that have contributed to the Oakland Raiders' disappointments since reaching the Super Bowl during the 2002 season, then use it as a snapshot to compare to a relative snapshot of Raiders teams in the 70s-80s. This is not meant to serve as a comprehensive or definitive list, but as a perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Coaching&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Raiders' 2002 season, in which they reached the Super Bowl, the Oakland Raiders have had seven different individuals serve as head coach: Bill Callahan, Norv Turner, Art Shell, Lane Kiffin, Tom Cable, Hue Jackson, and Dennis Green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A constant change in higher-level personnel does not promote positive team culture and consistency.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the San Francisco 49ers between 2005-2010 for example. QB Alex Smith played for a different offensive coordinator each year and a coach in Mike Singletary who &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/567936-mike-singletary-get-chewed-up-and-spit-out&quot;&gt;lost his players early on during his tenure&lt;/a&gt; as head coach. It wasn't until Jim Harbaugh began his tenure in head coach at San Francisco in 2011 that team culture improved and Alex Smith's (and his team's) strengths were utilized properly, leading to an NFC Championship and Super Bowl appearance in Harbaugh's first two seasons as 49ers head coach respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If they can bring in the right personnel to improve team culture and utilize the team's strengths, the Oakland Raiders may find themselves to be a formidable contender.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Front Office&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several front office moves have not worked out in the favor of the Oakland Raiders.  Here is an investigation of a few (of many).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Randy Moss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 7x Pro Bowl selection with 156 TDs in his 14 year career, he managed only 11 TDs in Oakland during the 2005 and 2006 seasons.  In comparison, Moss set the record for most receiving TDs as part of the New England Patriots with 23 during the 2007 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests the Oakland Raiders did not have the players or coaches to utilize Moss to his full potential during his time there. His QBs were mainly Kerry Collins and Aaron Brooks. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JaMarcus Russell&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A QB with a strong arm, great size, and a great college record, Russell was drafted first in the 2007 NFL Draft.  Unfortunately, his &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1191566/1/index.htm&quot;&gt;work ethic and poor play&lt;/a&gt; led to his exit from the NFL after only three seasons.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carson Palmer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unwilling to play in Cincinatti, Palmer refused to attend training camp before the 2011 season.  However, after Jason Campbell was injured during a game during the 2011 season, the Raiders traded a first round pick in 2012 and a second round pick in 2013 for Palmer. For a declining quarterback, this may have &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/08/raiders-have-a-tough-decision-to-make-on-carson-palmer/&quot;&gt;proven to be a costly move&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples above were not necessarily bad moves...but it does suggest that &lt;strong&gt;the Oakland Raiders must have a more developed team (offensive line to protect the QB and give the RB gaps to run through, defensive help, etc.) to contend beyond the regular season with the players they have.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Management&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 1972 up to his death in 2011, Al Davis served as owner and general manager of the Oakland Raiders. He played a significant part during the AFL-NFL merger. He was known to be one of the more &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Davis#Raiders_ownership&quot;&gt;hands-on&lt;/a&gt; owners in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His hands-on ways contributed to the aforementioned coaching carousel and front office transactions since 2002. For example, Lane Kiffin did not want to draft JaMarcus Russell and this is one reason that led to his eventual dismissal as head coach. &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Raiders#Lane_Kiffin_Era_.282007.E2.80.9308.29&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum it up, &lt;strong&gt;a collection of factors (coaching/team culture, players/team development, etc.) and ineffective/changing management has contributed to the Oakland Raiders' disappointments&lt;/strong&gt; since 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Comparing the teams of the 70s-80s to modern teams&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Oakland Raiders had two accomplished coaches during this time: John Madden and Tom Flores. They also had three accomplished QBs: Daryle Lamonica, Ken Stabler, and Jim Plunkett. This combination combined for three Super Bowls in 1976, 1980, and 1983 and eight divisional championships. In fact, Ken Stabler &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Stabler#NFL_career&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; is the only player from the All-1970s team and Jim Plunkett &lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Plunkett&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; is the only (retired) player to have won two Super Bowls as a starting QB and not be in the Hall of Fame. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, &lt;strong&gt;one could surmise that the 70s-80s Oakland Raiders teams had consistency in higher-level personnel, positive team culture, role players, effective team development, and (although Al Davis had similar tendencies during the 70s-80s...ie) Ken Stabler and Marcus Allen) effective management.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-01T16:49:43.463" LastActivityDate="2013-03-01T16:49:43.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-02T03:12:30.163" Score="3" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;In wrestling, whether it be at the collegiate (collegiate wrestling) or high school (scholastic wrestling) level, how is wrestling scored on a per match in addition to a team basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T14:52:06.350" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T14:52:06.350" Title="In wrestling, how is scoring measured?" Tags="|rules|scoring|wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2330" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2508" CreationDate="2013-03-02T22:27:03.940" Score="8" ViewCount="6705" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been running for some time now and every now and then some friend tells me about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1175/benefits-of-compression-apparel&quot;&gt;benefits of compression apparel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They say it prevents premature fatigue by &lt;em&gt;smartly&lt;/em&gt;, well, &lt;strong&gt;compressing&lt;/strong&gt; the muscles... They also say that they help your circulatory system by bettering the blood flows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, while every major brand has its compression apparel line, some seem to perform better like BSC, Skins, X-bionic, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any drawbacks? Any side effects? And especially &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; aren't they allowed for cycling competitions (&lt;a href=&quot;http://road.cc/content/news/55389-uci-technical-regulations-update-socks-helmets-and-hydration-packs-all-come-under&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see this article&lt;/a&gt;)? Does this has something to do with compression garments being dangerous somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1151" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T23:59:29.977" Title="What are the side effects/drawbacks of compression apparel?" Tags="|equipment|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="911" CreationDate="2013-03-02T22:47:53.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the basics have been said by &lt;em&gt;Richard&lt;/em&gt;. Only I would like to add that an oversized-head racquet &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; be a really dangerous choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;mechanics&lt;/em&gt; on these types of racquets are simple : most of the weight is concentrated on the head, so while they'll add significant power to your swings (because of the inertia created by your forearm speed), you will be &lt;strong&gt;wearing out your elbow&lt;/strong&gt;. The reason being the &lt;em&gt;enormous&lt;/em&gt; amount of vibration and power literally &lt;strong&gt;added&lt;/strong&gt; by the head of the racquet to your swing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see it this way : imagine a little kid, with a big baseball bat, if he can swing it, he will hit harder but not because of his own strength. Give him a little baseball bat and he will hit with less power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I'd say that your best choice is to go for small to mid-sized head racquets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Over-sized heads will add power by &lt;strong&gt;compromising&lt;/strong&gt; control &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; feel;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Small heads will give you more control and feel on your game, but they require more of &lt;em&gt;your actual&lt;/em&gt; strength;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mid-sized heads can be a good compromise if you're just looking for fun and comfort.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same principles apply for the beam width. Now, as a general principle, &lt;strong&gt;experience&lt;/strong&gt; beats &lt;em&gt;theory&lt;/em&gt;. So why not try the racquet itself to see how it feels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1151" LastEditorUserId="1151" LastEditDate="2013-03-02T22:53:10.147" LastActivityDate="2013-03-02T22:53:10.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2329" CreationDate="2013-03-03T04:59:00.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pages 34-40 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fila-wrestling.com/images/documents/lutte/wr230107.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Wrestling Rules&lt;/a&gt; published by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA), the governing body of international amateur wrestling, contains more details on scoring as it relates to greco-roman, freestyle, and women's wrestling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Takedown:&lt;/strong&gt; awarded when the wrestler gains control of his opponent from a neutral position in which three points (eg. two arms and head, two knees one arm (or head), or two arms one knee) are controlled&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 points: awarded when a wrestler throws his&#xA;opponent off the mat from either the standing or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.j-archive.com/media/2007-01-08_DJ_19.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;par terre&lt;/a&gt; (starting)&#xA;position, and the opponent's feet go&#xA;above his head into the &quot;danger position&quot; &lt;sub&gt; (see definition below) &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 points: awarded when a wrestler throws his opponent off the mat but does not bring him into a danger position, or takes his opponent from his feet or&#xA;stomach to his back or side into the danger position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 point: awarded when a wrestler takes his opponent from his feet to his stomach&#xA;or side in which his back or shoulders are not exposed to the&#xA;mat but are controlled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reversal&lt;/strong&gt; (1 point): awarded when a wrestler gains control over his opponent when the opponent has initial control&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposure&lt;/strong&gt; (2-3 points): awarded when a wrestler exposes or places (but not pins) his opponent's back to the mat for several seconds &lt;sub&gt; (also see &quot;danger position&quot; below | more details on exposure on p. 35-37) &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Out-of-Bounds&lt;/strong&gt; (1 point): awarded to a wrestler when his opponent places his foot into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportspectator.com/fancentral/wrestling/Wrestling_Diagram.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;protection area&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stalling&lt;/strong&gt; (1 point): awarded to a wrestler when his opponent flees a hold or refuses to start&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Penalties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1-2 points:  awarded to a wrestler when his opponent commits an infraction (eg. fleeing, intending to injure, striking, holding illegally, etc.)...the wrestler also is awarded choice of position to the opponent while the opponent is awarded a caution&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 point: awarded to a wrestler when his opponent takes an injury timeout (except when the opponent is bleeding) or regularly refuses to take an ordered hold&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definition of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;danger position&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: &lt;sub&gt; (p. 35) &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A wrestler shall be considered in the 'danger position' when the line&#xA;  of his back (or the  line of his shoulders) vertically or in parallel&#xA;  with the mat, forms an angle of less than 90  degrees to the said mat&#xA;  and when he resists with the upper part of his body to avoid a &#xA;  'fall'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-04T14:16:15.587" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T14:16:15.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2334" CreationDate="2013-03-03T05:37:35.303" Score="4" ViewCount="10992" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several times, I have seen several NBA teams wear jerseys that say, &quot;Los Lakers,&quot; &quot;El Heat,&quot; and &quot;Los Spurs&quot; for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9C8KI.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;El Heat vs. Los Spurs&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the motivation behind why NBA teams wear spanish jerseys?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T12:35:36.613" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T03:12:34.537" Title="Why do NBA teams wear spanish jerseys?" Tags="|nba|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2333" CreationDate="2013-03-03T05:56:47.320" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Noche Latina, established during the 2006-2007 season, is a program by the NBA to celebrate Latin heritage for fans and players in Hispanic and Latin American communities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each season, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2012/news/02/29/noche-latina-2012/index.html&quot;&gt;selected NBA games&lt;/a&gt; contains Latin-themed activities, advertisements, and merchandise among other things in honor of &quot;Noche Latina.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams who play in &quot;selected NBA games&quot; wear Spanish jerseys as part of the &quot;Noche Latina&quot; program.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-03-03T05:56:47.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2340" CreationDate="2013-03-03T06:22:53.050" Score="4" ViewCount="22057" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Golden State Warriors introduced a basketball jersey with short-sleeves during the 2012-2013 NBA Season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/g9jzz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Warriors short-sleeve jersey&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, basketball jerseys have been without sleeves. What is the motivation behind  introducing short-sleeve jerseys?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:52:41.060" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T04:52:41.060" Title="What is the motivation behind short-sleeve jerseys in the NBA?" Tags="|nba|uniform|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2336" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2374" CreationDate="2013-03-03T06:44:19.407" Score="4" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have officiated dry and electric &lt;em&gt;foil&lt;/em&gt; fencing matches. Electric matches are less difficult to officiate due to the assistance of a scoring machine...but scoring machines are not foolproof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Issues stem from being able to describe the phase (eg. right of way, attack, counter attack, parry-riposte, remise of attack, etc.) on the spot correctly, consistently, and reliably as it occurs very fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does one become an adequate fencing official?&lt;/strong&gt; I understand the human element, but how can one improve consistency and reliability so that s/he describes phases more correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T03:24:24.837" Title="How does one become an adequate fencing official?" Tags="|officiating|fencing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2013-03-04T01:14:52.190" Score="8" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Update:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry folks for taking so long to get around to this update - I had to retire this tool in 2016 ago due to nike changing their API, and not having enough time to re-engineer the code, so this is no longer an acceptable solution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Original Post:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wrote a tool to help export workouts from nike+ for upload into other tools like Strava or Runkeeper: &lt;a href=&quot;http://nikeplusexporter.rhysmccaig.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://nikeplusexporter.rhysmccaig.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1154" LastEditorUserId="1154" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T08:45:13.293" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T08:45:13.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2342" CreationDate="2013-03-04T03:20:09.067" Score="5" ViewCount="4658" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the rule change when the batsmen attempts a switch hit. Can the umpire rule out if the ball is pitching outside leg stump and then hits the batsman in line with the stumps? By outside leg stump I meant pitching outside the leg stump if batsmen did not change his stance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:52:17.187" LastActivityDate="2023-03-17T12:48:51.150" Title="What is the rule for LBW in case of a switch hit?" Tags="|rules|terminology|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2335" CreationDate="2013-03-04T16:09:37.550" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to be mainly about style, but the Golden State Warriors (the initial team to make the announcement) and adidas are also touting the performance benefits.  This is a little weird, but I'll quote the quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nba-ball-dont-lie/warriors-debut-tight-yellow-alternate-jerseys-sleeves-against-194404163--nba.html&quot;&gt;the article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's being called the &quot;adizero NBA short sleeve uniform system.&quot; And&#xA;  Adidas boasts it as a revolutionary marriage between performance and&#xA;  aesthetics. The uniforms are 26 percent lighter than their traditional&#xA;  counterparts, which Adidas said its research revealed was most&#xA;  important to players. They come with the ever-popular&#xA;  moisture-absorbing feature. The sleeves are made with stretch fabric&#xA;  that wraps 360 degrees around the shoulder to ensure full range of&#xA;  motion, because anyone who has played basketball knows how a T-shirt's&#xA;  sleeve can interfere with a jumper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a bit about the style factor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The rationale is having a full shirt as the team's jersey allows&#xA;  people to represent their team in more settings. Unlike soccer,&#xA;  baseball and football, basketball uniforms are limited, from a fashion&#xA;  perspective, because they are sleeveless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T16:09:37.550" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2013-03-04T20:17:01.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rungap.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.rungap.com/&lt;/a&gt; supports a whole bunch of apps including Runkeeper, Garmin and Nike+. Unfortunately, it's doesn't provide online access. Just smartphone app access. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: Smashrun can import runs from Nike+ and Garmin directly. It also supports importing gpx/tcx files. I have the free membership for now. It is pretty bare bones, but from the looks of it the pro membership provides more valuable information and analytics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="788" LastEditorUserId="788" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T12:37:27.983" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T12:37:27.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-03-05T03:46:10.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket,62,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 36&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The off side of the striker’s wicket shall be determined by the striker’s stance at the moment the ball comes into play for that delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball usually comes into play when the bowler starts his run-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have also seen that umpires have sanctioned batsmen for changing their stance during the bowler's run-up (e.g., Kevin Pietersen in Sri Lanka 2012), but I don't have a source for a rule about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-03-05T03:46:10.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2345" CreationDate="2013-03-05T08:44:50.603" Score="2" ViewCount="1408" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember that Hashim Amla was leading the list of ODI batsmen, having played the most matches without a duck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But now, he is not in the list, ie, he got out for a duck (I think it is his only duck in ODI history).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did this happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which bowler took his wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T13:07:29.017" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T03:19:40.543" Title="When did Hashim Amla get out for a duck in ODI?" Tags="|statistics|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2346" CreationDate="2013-03-05T17:10:41.867" Score="6" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before shots in golf and before free-throws in basketball, I notice players have a distinctive series of actions before setting up to hit the golf ball/shoot the free throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples of pre-shot routines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A golfer steps behind the golf ball, takes a few practice swings, steps into address, takes a few waggles, then hits the golf ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A basketball player takes the basketball, simulates a free throw with his hand, bounces the basketball twice, looks at the hoop and sets his feet, then shoots the free throw.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Jordan says making putts is equitable to making free throws.&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.americangolf.com/blog/golf-tips/putting-is-like-shooting-free-throws-keys-to-a-pre-shot-routine/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“I equate making putts with making free throws, and my biggest mental&#xA;  challenge shooting free throws was in my second year, 1986, when I&#xA;  came back from a foot injury for the playoffs and had a 63-point game&#xA;  against Boston in the Garden. I had to make two free throws to send&#xA;  the game into overtime, and all I focused on was the basics – &lt;em&gt;I’m not&#xA;  gonna be short. I’m gonna extend and reach for the rim&lt;/em&gt; – all the&#xA;  fundamentals that I had worked on at home and at practice for all&#xA;  those years. Golf is no different.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the importance of a pre-shot routine? What benefits will a player have with a pre-shot routine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T17:09:26.830" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:18:15.763" Title="Importance of a pre-shot routine" Tags="|technique|international-sports|performance|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2343" CreationDate="2013-03-05T19:17:22.167" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;He was out for a duck in a match against Australia. He was out for first ball duck in that match(c &amp;amp; b Bollinger). It was played at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth on 23 October 2011. That was the second ODI of the series which SA won by 80 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/514026.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the score card of that match.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;He was once again out for first ball duck &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-pakistan-2013/engine/current/match/567371.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in this match&lt;/a&gt;. Mohammad Irfan took his wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-03-22T15:01:59.740" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T15:01:59.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-03-05T19:20:06.033" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to what I get on the golf course, the pre-shot routine prepare your body for the upcoming sequence of movements.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Golf teachers usually teach you to get the feeling for the next shoot until you fell comfortable, and this become a routine in every shoot.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usually when you are about to shoot, your mind can play a lot of tricks on you (and more tricks if you are in front of water :P ). Making some practice swings should make your more confident on the shoot, and also will let you focus on your objective, since your body should remember the feeling of the shoot you want to make. It's like telling your body how you want to do the shoot.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usually the pre-shot are slower, you can see it clearly easy on professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also take in mind that a routine makes you more confident about what are you going to do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add that usually a lot of sports has pre something routine (in tennis you see the players do always the same before serve).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-03-05T19:20:06.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-06T05:32:09.903" Score="7" ViewCount="3242" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recently completed test match of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/match/598813.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Aus Vs India&lt;/a&gt;, Australia lost by an innings even after declaring their first innings. How many times have this happened in Test cricket? Are there any reference to any previous games in which the same happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T02:46:04.463" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T02:46:04.463" Title="How many times have the team batting first declared innings and then lost the match by innings?" Tags="|cricket|history|statistics|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2347" CreationDate="2013-03-06T05:44:54.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the first time in the Test match history that a team declared the first innings and lost the match by an innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: From the article by Cricinfo: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/content/current/story/623587.html&quot;&gt;Losing after a first-innings declaration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;event=2;filter=advanced;innings_number=1;orderby=start;result=2;template=results;type=team;view=results&quot;&gt;11th instance&lt;/a&gt; of a team losing a Test after declaring in its first innings, &lt;strong&gt;but the first in which the team declaring has lost by an innings&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-03-06T09:14:54.420" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T09:14:54.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2356" CreationDate="2013-03-06T18:16:39.860" Score="10" ViewCount="18491" Body="&lt;p&gt;After yesterday's red card for Nani in Manchester United against Real Madrid (March 5th 2013) I decided to read the entire Rulebook &lt;code&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/code&gt; by FIFA (IFAB), including the guidelines for referees concerning the interpretation of the rules. Sadly enough, this was my first time that I read the rules, although playing Football for nearly 20 years now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got the answer to my initial question whether the sending off was justified, but the rulebook raised a lot of different questions. The problem is that I found no clues to some common understandings of the game, for example that it is forbidden to clamp the ball between the legs in order to make it unreachable for the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main issue, however, is that I could not find anything regarding the Goalkeeper receiving special treatment in the 6yard box (other than being dressed differently and being allowed to use the hands on the ball), as it is often pointed out and ruled as foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone help me finding the rules for that, or clarifying these issues? Are there other official rules besides FIFA's Laws of the Game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advace!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1161" LastEditorUserId="1161" LastEditDate="2013-03-06T21:54:12.670" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T12:35:06.387" Title="Is there a rule that protects the goalkeeper in the 6yard-box?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-03-06T20:11:22.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a more clearer answer from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg_before_wicket#Definition&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LBW Wiki&lt;/a&gt; on this very same thing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batsman cannot be out lbw if the ball strikes him outside the line&#xA;  of off stump if he is trying to hit the ball with his bat. &lt;strong&gt;As some&#xA;  shots in cricket, such as the switch hit or reverse sweep&lt;/strong&gt; involve the&#xA;  batsman switching between a right- and left-handed stance, and this&#xA;  impacts on where the off and leg side are located, &lt;strong&gt;the laws explicitly&#xA;  state that the off side is determined by the batsman's position when&#xA;  the bowler commences his run-up.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T20:11:22.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2352" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2353" CreationDate="2013-03-06T21:24:40.427" Score="3" ViewCount="671" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, should a point guard distinguish who is he passing to? I mean, when I play point guard, I'm always trying to pass to &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; of my teammate that is open (so that &lt;strong&gt;everyone&lt;/strong&gt; gets involved and there &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; ball movement). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should a point guard pass to any open teammate, or he should consider teammate skills (shooting, passing, ...) and his position before passing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1162" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-13T02:45:08.133" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T02:45:08.133" Title="Should a point guard consider who is he passing to?" Tags="|basketball|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2352" CreationDate="2013-03-06T21:33:41.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a general sense, the coach is responsible for considering teammate skills and drawing up plays based on the skillset of the team currently on the court.  In short, the point guard is responsible for executing the game plan as drawn up by the coach. If a teammate is open, take advantage of that. He may take an open shot or drive to the hoop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point guard, in most systems, is responsible for ball distribution and is likely to be the best ball handler on the court.  The end goal is to score points. Nothing stops the point guard from taking shots, but it comes down to the game plan set by the coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info on the roles of positions in basketball: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2203/527&quot;&gt;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2203/527&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T21:33:41.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2355" CreationDate="2013-03-06T22:06:03.023" Score="1" ViewCount="2788" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean dribbling the ball. I've always thought, you need to perform one dribble to every step you make and also you cannot have both feet above the ground at the same time. But I've seen there are some hesitation and other moves, where player jumps a little, or takes 2-3 steps to one dribble while sprinting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is considered to be dribbling and since when is it traveling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1162" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:23:33.217" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:23:33.217" Title="What is dribbling?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2354" CreationDate="2013-03-06T22:30:44.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the NBA rule book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A dribble is movement of the ball, caused by a player in control, who throws or taps the ball into the air or to the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. The dribble ends when the dribbler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Touches the ball simultaneously with both hands&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Permits the ball to come to rest while he is in control of it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Tries for a field goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Throws a pass&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Touches the ball more than once while dribbling, before it touches the floor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Loses control&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Allows the ball to become dead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a dribble, there is no need to keep one bounce per step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the completion of a dribble, steps &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; matter though. It can become a travel if one takes too many steps after completion of the dribble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the player receives the ball in between steps, he/she has two steps to set a pivot foot. When that pivot foot leaves the ground, the player must pass or shoot before the pivot foot touches the ground again. This effectively gives the player three steps after their last bounce of the ball if they use their third step to jump for a shot or pass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This is explained in &lt;em&gt;Section XIV-Traveling&lt;/em&gt; of the rulebook.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T00:47:15.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2350" CreationDate="2013-03-06T23:06:28.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are no more rules, only the FIFA ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was searching, but only find links in spanish about it. But all is way back to 2006, when there was a big change in the laws of the game and in the interpretation.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Before that, you couldn't touch the goalie inside the goal box. Now, you can, if you don't commit any other type of foul in the same play, and you can't do it with excesive force.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The problem with clamping the ball, if that you are impeding your adversary from playing it, since any movement he make would be a dangerous move to yourself.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I could find, was old newspaper news, in which some referees tell about it, but couldn't find a better source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sineljefe.com/la-fifa-modifica-el-reglamento-para-hacer-mas-espectacular-el-juego-en-el-mundial/&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://canchallena.lanacion.com.ar/1484843-la-polemica-hubo-falta-al-arquero-en-el-gol-de-san-lorenzo&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;  and&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clarin.com/deportes/carga-arquero-cobra-existe-falta_0_725327687.html&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in spanish, sorry!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T23:06:28.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2364" CreationDate="2013-03-07T02:55:05.237" Score="8" ViewCount="4645" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand why a star player might take a reduction in pay to ease the team's salary cap situation, allowing it to get better players to help the team win and get him more endorsements.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't get why just any player under contract would take a pay cut at the request of the team.  What provisions may lie in a player's contract if his performance isn't up to the team's expectations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1163" LastEditorUserId="1163" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T11:49:39.220" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T17:00:46.490" Title="Why would an NFL player under contract accept a cut in pay?" Tags="|nfl|transaction|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2358" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2388" CreationDate="2013-03-07T05:22:22.773" Score="20" ViewCount="109456" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Test Cricket, the red colored ball is used while in ODI and T20I, the white colored ball is used. What is the difference between these balls(apart from color)? Why are different balls used in different formats?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball used in Test Cricket&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/85vpQm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ball used in Test Cricket&quot; title=&quot;Ball used in Test Cricket&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball used in ODI and T20I Cricket&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pF6nlm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ball used in ODI and T20I Cricket&quot; title=&quot;Ball used in ODI and T20I Cricket&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T05:00:00.877" LastActivityDate="2014-05-11T19:36:10.297" Title="What is the difference between balls in Test and ODI Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2358" CreationDate="2013-03-07T07:49:54.010" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major reason for using white ball in ODI and T20 is that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;many of those matches were happening as Day &amp;amp; Night matches and it was very difficult to spot the red ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; under floodlights. Cricket balls were traditionally red and test matches still use that(Compared to red ball, white balls deteriorates more quickly and hence red balls are more suitable for test matches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_ball#Manufacture&quot;&gt;Cricket ball Wiki&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cricket balls are traditionally dyed red, and red balls are used in&#xA;  Test cricket and First-class cricket. &lt;strong&gt;White balls were introduced when&#xA;  one-day matches began being played at night under floodlights, as they&#xA;  are more visible at night&lt;/strong&gt;. Professional one-day matches are now played&#xA;  with white balls, even when they are not played at night.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was one of the reasons why the player's dress color was changed from white to colors so that the ball can be spotted very easily in ODIs and T20s. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also an attempt to experiment with some other colors as well as mentioned in the wiki:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other colours have occasionally been experimented with, such as yellow&#xA;  and orange for improved night visibility, but the colouring process&#xA;  has so far rendered such balls unsuitable for professional play&#xA;  because they wear differently from standard balls. A pink ball was&#xA;  used for the first time in an international match in July 2009 when&#xA;  the England Woman's team defeated Australia at Wormsley.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;As per the Wiki page: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The white ball has been found to swing a lot more during the first&#xA;  half of the innings than the red ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are correct, white balls swings more than the red balls during the first half of innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T08:00:19.253" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T08:00:19.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2350" CreationDate="2013-03-07T07:58:04.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/79/68/69/1796869_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2012-15 Cycle&lt;/a&gt; states that all match will be player according to International Football Association Board (IFAB) Laws of the Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15.01 Matches are played in conformity with the Laws of the Game promulgated by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International Football Association Board (IFAB) is the body that determines the Laws of the Game of association football, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2012_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; are determined and updated by the IFAB and it was last modified at the 126th Annual General Meeting of the International Football Association Board (IFAB) in England (Surrey) on 3 March 2012. These came into force on 1 June 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2012_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; LAW 5 - The Referee under Injured players sections you can see full procedure when dealing with injured players, the main rules that relevant to your question are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The referee must adhere to the following procedure when dealing with injured &#xA;players:  &#xA;• play is allowed to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in the &#xA;opinion of the referee, only slightly injured  &#xA;• play is stopped if, in the opinion of the referee, a player is seriously injured  &#xA;• after questioning the injured player, the referee may authorise one, or at &#xA;most two doctors, to enter the field of play to assess the injury and arrange &#xA;the player’s safe and swift removal from the field of play  &#xA;• a player is not allowed to receive treatment on the field of play  &#xA;• any player bleeding from a wound must leave the field of play. He may not &#xA;return until the referee is satisﬁed that the bleeding has stopped.   &#xA;• as soon as the referee has authorized the doctors to enter the ﬁeld of play, &#xA;the player must leave the ﬁeld of play, either on a stretcher or on foot. If a &#xA;player does not comply, he must be cautioned for unsporting behavior  &#xA;• an injured player may only return to the ﬁeld of play after the match has &#xA;restarted&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But all of this are irrelevant to goalkeeper since there is and exception when the injured player is the goalkeeper:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exceptions to this ruling are to be made only when:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • a goalkeeper is injured&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for Offences committed against goalkeepers you can read the following rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Offences committed against goalkeepers&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • It is an offence for a player to prevent a goalkeeper from releasing&#xA;  the ball  from his hands&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • A player must be penalised for playing in a dangerous manner if he kicks or attempts to kick the ball when the&#xA;  goalkeeper is in the process of releasing  it&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • It is an offence to restrict the movement of the goalkeeper by unfairly impeding him,&#xA;  e.g. at the taking of a corner kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T07:58:04.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2361" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2362" CreationDate="2013-03-07T12:41:14.503" Score="9" ViewCount="27681" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I was reading the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2012_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; to look for an answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2350/is-there-a-rule-that-protects-the-goalkeeper-in-the-6yard-box&quot;&gt;another question&lt;/a&gt;, I came to read the following bit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour There are different circumstances&#xA;  when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a&#xA;  player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;uses a deliberate trick while the ball is in play to pass the ball to&#xA;  his own goalkeeper with his head, chest, knee, etc. in order to&#xA;  circumvent the Law, irrespective of whether the goalkeeper touches the&#xA;  ball with his hands or not. The offence is committed by the player in&#xA;  attempting to circumvent both the letter and the spirit of Law 12 and&#xA;  play is restarted with an indirect free kick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This goes against all my knowledge of football, as it happens on a regular basis, as a matter of fact it's even a sign of a good defender to do this properly. Have I misunderstood something, or is this rule just not enforced on a regular basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2019-11-16T21:48:13.730" Title="Is it against the rules to head the ball back to your goalie?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2361" CreationDate="2013-03-07T12:59:53.407" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are misinterpreting the rule; you can pass the ball to your goalie using your head, chest or whatever. What you can't do, is to pass the ball using a trick, like for example the goalie gives the ball to a defender, and then the defender does some juggling to raise the ball,and head it back to the goalie. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But according to the rule, you could lift the ball to another player who can then pass it to the goalkeeper, and this is not illegal in the spirit of the law (since the law always refer to one player).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball can be passed to the goalie in the flow of the game with any legal body part, even with your feet, if that was not your intention (if you try to kick the ball and you miss it, or if you try to deflect it and it goes to your goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read about this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?cat=53&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T13:04:00.880" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T13:04:00.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2361" CreationDate="2013-03-07T13:05:09.453" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1992, FIFA introduced the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-pass_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Back-Pass&lt;/a&gt; rule in an attempt to speed up the game and reduce time wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Back-Pass rule prohibits goalkeepers from intentionally handling the ball if it has been deliberately played to them by a teammate, or from intentionally handling the ball when receiving directly from a throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to the Laws of the Game, a goalkeeper cannot touch the ball&#xA;  with his hands after a teammate has deliberately kicked it to him. In&#xA;  this back-pass situation, the goalkeeper has two options: kick the&#xA;  ball to safety or don’t touch it at all. The back-pass rule also&#xA;  applies to throw-ins – a goalie can’t pick the ball up if a teammate&#xA;  throws it directly to him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a goalkeeper does handle the ball from a back-pass, the referee&#xA;  will blow his whistle and award an indirect free kick to the&#xA;  opposition. Worse still, your opponents will take the free kick from&#xA;  the spot where the goalkeeper handled the ball – even if it’s just&#xA;  inches from your goal! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When Can a Goalie Pick Up a Back-Pass?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are some very important exceptions to the back-pass rule. If a&#xA;  player passes the ball back to his goalkeeper using his head, chest or&#xA;  knee, the goalie can pick up the ball. The goalie can also pick up the&#xA;  ball if a teammate passes it to him by accident. For example, a&#xA;  defender might slice or scuff his clearance, accidentally kicking the&#xA;  ball towards the goalkeeper. In this case, the goalie can pick up the&#xA;  ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youthsoccerbootcamp.com/2011/05/soccer-back-pass-rule-explained.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/fifa-decides-significant-rule-changes-in-football-back-pass-professional-red-card-active-play-offside/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T13:05:09.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2357" CreationDate="2013-03-07T14:38:17.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's examine the recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000146725/article/joe-flaccos-ravens-contract-has-52m-guaranteed&quot;&gt;6-year&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/bs-sp-ravens-flacco-contract-0306-20130305,0,4404550.story&quot;&gt;$120.6 million contract&lt;/a&gt; (with $52 million guaranteed) for Baltimore Ravens QB, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d82810e8a/article/joe-flacco-i-think-im-the-best-qb-in-football&quot;&gt;Joe Flacco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2013: $29 million signing bonus, $1 million base salary (guaranteed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014: $15 million option bonus (guaranteed), $6 million base salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2015: $7 million option bonus (guaranteed), $4 million base salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2016: $18.2 million base salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2017: $20.6 million base salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2018: $20 million base salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2013, Flacco's is responsible for $6.8 million (about half of Tom Brady's 2013 number of $13.8 million) toward the salary cap. By his fourth year (2016), this number jumps to $28.55 million. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flacco's agent, Joe Linta, states, &quot;We really viewed this as sort of a three-year deal to make sure the first three years Joe was paid accordingly with the top guys in the league.&quot; This gives Flacco his portion, but this also gives the Ravens flexibility to lower the team's salary cap, make other transactions, restructure Flacco's contract, etc. &quot;Depending on the salary cap, that's what will determine when [Flacco and Linta] get to the fourth year, what [the Ravens are] going to have to do.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An NFL player under contract would &quot;accept&quot; a cut in pay because &lt;strong&gt;their whole contract is not guaranteed&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d827c8e25/article/brady-restructures-contract-to-provide-patriots-with-cap-space&quot;&gt;Tom Brady&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000145958/article/ben-roethlisberger-steelers-restructure-his-contract&quot;&gt;Ben Roethilisberger&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000137998/article/michael-vick-philadelphia-eagles-restructure-contract&quot;&gt;Michael Vick&lt;/a&gt; all have restructured their contracts during the 2013 offseason to provide more cap space for their team, potentially lengthen their stay on their team, and receive guaranteed wages (signing bonus, etc.). In Vick's case, his restructuring may have kept him on the team...but perhaps for only a year based on his performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T14:38:17.563" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2365" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-03-07T19:57:01.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wrestling is a family of full-contact martial competitions, differing from most other martial arts in the fact that no weapons are used (unlike fencing/kendo) and striking blows such as punches, kicks, chops, slaps etc are generally disallowed (a few formats do allow for these strikes). The objective differs between the variants; in the most globally-popular forms of the sport, the objective is usually either to pin the opponent to the ground or to force them out of the circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two forms of wrestling are contested in the Olympics: Greco-Roman and Freestyle. The goal in both forms is to acquire more points than one's opponent by performing various holds and throws, or to pin one's opponent by forcing both shoulders to the mat. A pin immediately ends the match. The primary difference between the two forms is that no holds or attacks below the waist are permitted in Greco-Roman, so grabbing, pulling or sweeping the legs is not allowed, and holds and throws are emphasized. Freestyle wrestling does not have this limitation, and takedowns are thus more prevalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other forms of wrestling are more regional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scholastic wrestling is the variant used for most competitions sanctioned by interscholastic athletic leagues in the Unites States, from the middle school level through college, with leagues also available for younger participants. It is most closely related to freestyle wrestling, but has some rule differences.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sumo is a Japanese sport, and the country's official national sport. It is contested by two wrestlers in a ring, and the objective is to push one's opponent out of the ring, or force them to their knees or off their feet. Sumo is steeped in tradition, and competitors train for most of their adult lives to achieve the rank of &lt;em&gt;yokozuna&lt;/em&gt;, a title reserved for the best of the best &lt;em&gt;ozeki&lt;/em&gt; or &quot;champions&quot; in the premiere &quot;Makuuchi&quot; division of competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grappling is a variant officially sanctioned by FILA, the international governing body of wrestling, but unlike most other sanctioned variants, grappling allows for the use of submission holds, based on biomechanical pain compliance techniques. A related variant of combat grappling forms the foundation of techniques used in modern Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) leagues, including the separate FILA-sanctioned Pankration format.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beach wrestling is another FILA-sanctioned variant that uses a circular sand pit instead of a mat, and combines objectives of Sumo and Greco-Roman, where the object is to push the opponent out of the ring, force them to the ground, or pin their shoulders.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other traditional regional variants generally fall under the heading of &quot;folk wrestling&quot;, and encompass a wide variety of forms and objectives.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Professional wrestling&quot; is a related term referring to a variety of forms of sport or entertainment that deviate from traditional competitive wrestling. In the U.S., this form is sanctioned by several leagues including the premiere WWE (formerly WWF), but this format is highly theatrical and scripted, and so not a truly competitive event. Other forms, similar in basic appearance but unscripted and more truly competitive, are popular in Japan and Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-09T01:43:41.627" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T01:43:41.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2366" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-03-07T19:57:01.017" Score="0" Body="For questions generally relating to the sport of competitive wrestling, including Greco-Roman, Freestyle, and Scholastic wrestling.  For professional wrestling, a choreographed illustration of a combat sport for entertainment purposes, use the [pro-wrestling] tag." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T02:15:58.017" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T02:15:58.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2367" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-03-07T20:23:18.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scuba diving, also known as skin diving, tank diving or Aqualung diving, is a form of diving where participants carry special breathing equipment with them, allowing them to breathe underwater and thus to stay under the surface far longer than could be accomplished by holding one's breath. It is generally not a competitive sport, but an activity performed recreationally or for professional purposes such as exploration, salvage, repair, or mining/dredging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The primary equipment is the scuba air system. SCUBA was originally an acronym for &quot;Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus&quot;. In English-speaking Europe and Asia, the term &quot;Aqualung&quot; to describe the system is generally synonymous. It consists primarily of one or two tanks of pressurized air that the swimmer wears on their back, connected via a hose to a mask or helmet, which employs a regulator and one-way valves allowing the swimmer to breathe in air from the tank and then expel it into the water on exhalation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternate, more advanced system, known as a &quot;rebreather&quot;, is bulkier and more complex, but much more efficient; instead of exhaling the breath, which typically still contains valuable oxygen, into the surrounding water, the exhaled breath travels down a return tube to a &quot;scrubber&quot; system that removes the carbon dioxide. The swimmer then inhales a mixture of previously-exhaled breath and new air from the tank. This dramatically increases the time the diver can stay submerged on a single tankful of air; traditional scuba gear limits dive time to about 15 minutes per tank, while rebreather systems can allow divers to stay submerged up to 24 hours at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For divers in cooler climates or who are attempting to descend below the &quot;thermocline&quot; (the topmost layer of water heated by the Sun), a wetsuit is typically employed; this consists primarily of a layer of neoprene rubber foam. While not waterproof (hence the term), the neoprene holds a layer of warm water against the diver's skin to prevent hypothermia. For even colder water temperatures, a &quot;dry suit&quot;, which is insulating &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; waterproof, is employed. For shallow dives (less than 15 feet in depth) in tropical climates, &quot;skin diving&quot; with only a basic swimsuit is typically used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Scuba certification is required in order to use scuba gear in the United States. A basic certification is required for dives of up to 30 feet and less than 4 hours; for deeper or longer dives, an advanced certification, covering additional topics like decompression, is required. Scuba technology allows for dives from the surface down to about 100 feet, at which point the high pressure begins to force nitrogen into the bloodstream of the swimmer, causing nitrogen narcosis, the symptoms of which are disorientation and drunken body movements. If decompression, or the reduction of pressure by surfacing, happens too quickly, this nitrogen can form gas bubbles in the swimmer's circulatory system, an often-fatal condition known as &quot;the bends&quot;. Similar technology, but using a mixture of inert gases like helium or argon with reduced oxygen, allows for deeper depths, theoretically down to a mile or more, albeit with requirements that the swimmer become acclimated by &quot;equalizing&quot; to the pressure of the water at that depth and then spending a much longer time re-acclimating to surface pressures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-02-19T23:28:17.670" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T23:28:17.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2368" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-03-07T20:23:18.237" Score="0" Body="For questions generally related to the outdoor marine activity of scuba diving." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T20:24:24.357" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T20:24:24.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2372" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-08T15:34:05.563" Score="7" ViewCount="3294" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a game of tennis (singles), are there any strategies where players lose a point (and thereby, a game) voluntarily so that it benefits them in the long run - like say, a serving first on the next set if it is going to be an uphill task to come back and win the current set or say, the advantage of serving from a different side as part of the new set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1170" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T13:16:13.217" Title="Do players lose a point in a game on purpose as part of strategy?" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2372" CreationDate="2013-03-08T22:00:21.587" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a tennis player (and competitor), I'll first and foremost say that no professional Tennis player will ever admittedly throw a game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing a point is never beneficial, and throwing a game early in the set is likewise worthless. That being said, the only time it would be &quot;strategic&quot; to throw a game is if you were down 2 breaks (essentially 5-1) in a set and knew you would be better served physically and psychologically by starting a new set and conserving energy.  The problem here is that it would only be a benefit if you maintained your lead in sets, e.g. went from 2-0 to 2-1, which would mean this would be a Grand Slam event, which only further fuels the motivation to not throw the set at all.  In Masters series events or other &quot;best of 3 sets&quot;, losing a set is always a bad thing as your opponent will have momentum going into their potential final set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T22:00:21.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2336" CreationDate="2013-03-09T03:16:13.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same way one gets better at fencing: practice, practice, practice after lessons, lessons, lessons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, if you are not familiar with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fencingofficials.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fencing Officials&lt;/a&gt; web site already then you should be.  Go through the study materials there to make sure you know what you need to know above and beyond describing the conversation of the fencers.  You are in charge of equipment, safety, behavior, and many other things aside from determining a touch.  The official documentation will also teach you the correct hand signals and verbiage to describe a phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check with your local clubs and division to see if they run referee training or camps. As almost every division needs directors for tournaments, there is usually some effort at the division level to train people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Volunteer to direct bouts at your local clubs.  If possible (and ask for permission), video the bouts you direct and compare your calls against slow-motion replays later on.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go to all the divisional level tournaments you can and offer to help out either by directing (if you are confident you can) or by assisting a director by keeping time or charting scores. But your real purpose is to watch and learn (granted, if there are no rated directors at the tournament, this doesn't work as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go to all the regional or national tournaments you can but pay more attention to the directors than the fencers. If possible, talk to the directors before and after the tournament and ask them questions about a call.  As they usually are not the focus of attention, you might find a lot of them very receptive and willing to answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="529" LastEditorUserId="529" LastEditDate="2013-03-09T03:24:24.837" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T03:24:24.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2372" CreationDate="2013-03-09T03:52:29.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to Devin's answer - sometimes professional players will also be happy with the result of a point even if they don't win the point. For example, Andre Agassi was well known for running his opponents ragged. By the 2nd or 3rd set his opponents would be so tired from Agassi's shots running them back and forth that it made it much easier for Andre to close out the match by being the fresher player at the end. His 2005 U.S. Open QuarterFinal match against James Blake is a good example of that style of play. Some players know their opponents don't have the best endurance so they will throw in more drop shots knowing they might not win the point, but the goal is more to tire out the opponent than win the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally there isn't too much advantage you can take in tennis other than perhaps serving first and getting (and maintaining) a lead. So if you are confident you can hold serve and can serve first, it is generally a good strategy. Keep in mind that tennis rules try to make all things as equal as possible in a match - changing sides of the court, switching which side you serve from each point, new balls after 9 games, tie-break rules and lines people all contribute to that fairness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T03:52:29.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2352" CreationDate="2013-03-09T17:03:44.513" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;KYP &quot;know your personnel&quot; is indeed a thing and one of the important point guard skills. Your question is multi-faceted, though, the correct answer is dependent on the particular situation you're in. For example, does your team play to win or just to make everyone happy, if happiness == touching the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you play to win, the people getting looked over in certain situations have to understand that the better % play was for the PG to do something else, and be totally fine with it. After all, the opposition can easily exploit a bad player, esp. away from the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T17:03:44.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2352" CreationDate="2013-03-09T19:10:02.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, obviously the answer to your question depends on the type of game you are referring to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a more professional level, a point guard has to consider what the next move is. In other words, the PG has to have the answer to &quot;Why am I passing this ball to him/her?&quot; clearly defined. If it's a set-offense then it's actually pretty clear, PG passes to X and X does what the predetermined role that the play defines, that could be a quick shot, a dribble in and pass out to the perimeter etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But yet again, a good player needs to have a certain awareness of the game as well. Just because the set play is defined to pass the ball out for 3-pointer doesn't mean that you shouldn't consider going to the basket with your drive. So, even though the coach is responsible for the set plays, every player (not only PG) has to have the wits to be able to &quot;bend and reform&quot; the set-offense, when the circumstances call for it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another consideration is that during a game, significant portion of the points are scored on fast-breaks. This is especially the case in American basketball vs the European flavour. If you keep that in mind, it becomes even more important to &quot;know&quot; what you are going to do with the ball, that includes &quot;when&quot; to pass and &quot;to whom&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I totally agree with the KYP principle, knowing your teammates is important and in casual games usually underestimated. There I don't only mean what percentage they shoot with, but also in what positions and situations they like to have the ball. Likewise when your teammate has the ball does he drive left or right, does he usually go for the sudden jump-shot or rather push his luck for a layup? These are all great skills for a PG, even when playing for fun with buddies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T19:10:02.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2378" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2379" CreationDate="2013-03-10T10:28:45.307" Score="6" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a problem to swim straight. When I swim, something pulls me to the right. This happens to me more when I swim breaststroke, and less when I swim crawl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could be the reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It think I have no scoliosis. Could this be a stronger left leg? I'm left-handed and left-legged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How could I resolve that problem? What kind of exercises you would recommend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1173" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-14T01:12:31.280" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T16:36:52.370" Title="How to limit something that pulls me to the right when swimming?" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-04-07T08:25:52.813" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2378" CreationDate="2013-03-10T11:44:37.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Swim in the lane next to a wall and have someone walk along and watch to see if there is an obvious discrepancy (strength, length of pull, imbalance, whatever) in your strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2013-03-10T18:57:24.773" LastActivityDate="2013-03-10T18:57:24.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-03-12T17:47:48.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pre-shot routine allows you to 'settle in' mentally into a familiar routine process to help focus on the immediate shot and remove potentially adverse impacts of past shots.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, a good pre-shot routine can actually help improve the shot.  For instance, you will often see pro-golfers 'walk in' to the ball from behind the ball (facing the hole) and set up versus many amateurs who walk into the ball from the side.  This simple, minor thing can cause some basic alignment issues if you're not paying attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T17:47:48.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2335" CreationDate="2013-03-12T18:16:09.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this instance, I think it is just Adidas trying to increase their profile amongst basketball fans.  Nike has dominated the basketball scene for so long..this is Adidas' attempt to gain relevance.  I mean, a 26% percent lighter shirt is irrelevant to actual in-game performance...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T18:16:09.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2220" CreationDate="2013-03-12T18:24:40.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The channel makes it so easy to set back, you can really just tinker with it until you're happy with the feel.  It seems like a non-answer but no two board set-ups are the same because different people like different feels.  For me, I move both feet back about 2 inches in heavy powder when I know I'm going to hit pow.  If I'm doing mixed riding, I keep my front foot in the normal spot and only the back foot back 1 inch.  Channel is so nice to play around till you're happy though...feel free to fiddle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T18:24:40.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2386" CreationDate="2013-03-12T23:48:09.480" Score="5" ViewCount="1282" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm in my third year of high school and planning to go out for the school's tennis team, without having ever played tennis before at all (hit the ball yes, played? no). I'd like to know which types of rackets are recommended to very beginners, especially in the vein of preventing arm injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I own two rackets already and like to see if either would satisfy. The first racket is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.walmart.com/ip/Wimbledon-Adult-Sharapova-Tennis-Racquet/17670866&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Maria Sharapova Prince&lt;/a&gt; and the second is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B0038JRCJC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wilson Federer&lt;/a&gt;. The former is the one I've been using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="566" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:26:37.317" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T06:28:32.560" Title="How to choose your first tennis racket?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2384" CreationDate="2013-03-13T17:24:05.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At your level of play, the maker isn't nearly as important as the string type and tension.  Most popular brands; Head, Wilson, Prince, etc. offer similar rackets for essentially the same price point.  (The more expensive rackets are more expensive because they offer a stronger material at a lighter weight.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd strongly suggest analyzing your style of play.  Do you feel that your game will be geared more around heavy hitting or is developing a killer top spin something you're more focused on.  Where you're new, I'd really suggest trying out different tensions and seeing which one more suits your style of play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about string tension &lt;a href=&quot;http://tennis.about.com/od/racquetsballsstringing/a/stringtension.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, most places that sell rackets/strings will also restring your racket to a specific tension for free or a small nominal fee, so it's pretty easy to get done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T17:24:05.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2384" CreationDate="2013-03-13T17:34:29.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of the racquets you referenced are made of lower quality materials. They're not necessarily &quot;bad&quot; racquets (especially for a beginner such as yourself) but they differ from higher quality racquets in specific ways such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can't be restrung if needed (they will bend/warp during the re-stringing process)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They generally are much lighter weight than higher quality racquets made of graphite and so they will produce more vibration each time you hit the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Higher quality racquets are generally going to cost somewhere between $150 and $200 when purchased new from a shop. If possible, I would recommend buying from an actual tennis shop - the big chain stores like Sports Authority, Sports Chalet, Big 5, etc. generally don't have very knowledgeable employees when it comes to tennis equipment. Most tennis shops also have a demo program where they let you take racquets you're interested in and go try them out before you buy anything. Most of the big chain stores do not have demo programs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The racquets you referenced were probably around $30 (I'm guessing) so the jump to paying $150 or more for a racquet might seem like a big investment. This is another reason to try and find a tennis shop - they might have some used (demo) racquets they want to sell and you could get a really good deal (like half-price) on a higher quality racquet that would still last you a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also - since you're a beginner, look for a racquet that has at least a 100&quot; sq. in. head size. This will give you a bigger area to hit the ball with, a bigger sweet spot, and more stability on contact. It will also give you easier power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T17:34:29.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2358" CreationDate="2013-03-15T02:58:16.610" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Differences between red and white balls can vary based on the manufacturers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/strong&gt; maintains that their red and white balls are manufactured using the same process apart from the dye used for colouring. They claim that the swing properties of both the balls are similar - as everything, apart from the colour, are the same. This, however, is disputed by the players and researchers who claim that the white ball swings more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dukes&lt;/strong&gt; has a different manufacturing process for each of the balls. They claim and tests have proven that the white ball infact swings more than their traditional red balls. This is due to a polyurethane coating on top of the white-dyed leather to ensure that the ball does not get dirty quickly. This coating makes the ball smoother and changes its aerodynamics thereby assisting swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by players feedback and researchers findings, to generalize&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The white ball swings more than the red ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The white ball is easier to spot than the red ones, especially on television, which is why these were preferred over the red ones for limited overs cricket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;White balls are harder than the red ones.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;White balls are smoother than the red ones.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As mentioned in the question, white balls are used for ODIs and T20s while the red ones are used for Test cricket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about this &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4188060.stm&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/cricket/324356.stm&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and in better detail &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newyorkcricket.com/Rabi/rmehtadoeswhiteballswingmore.htm&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T02:58:16.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="957" CreationDate="2013-03-15T05:52:45.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The different wheel combinations are based designs to overcome the limitations of 165 mm bolt spacing used on ice speed skating boots.  When the manufactures decided to redesign the boot to take advantage of larger wheels they made frames with a 195 mm bolt spacing or added another mounting point like the Bont 3 point frames.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I still use the 5x80 mm wheel setup (ooooo) with my short track boots for summer training as I'm not interested in maximum speed and I'm too cheap to buy dedicated in-line skates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1183" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T05:52:45.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2343" CreationDate="2013-03-15T07:39:12.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hashim Amla, right handed batsman from South Africa, has been out for a duck (zero runs) quite a few times in this career, although less than very many batsmen. Here are the details..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Test matches = 6 times (3 times vs India, 1 vs England, 1 vs Australia, 1 vs Pakistan).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In One Dayers = only once, vs Australia at Port Elizabeth on 23 Oct 2011.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In Twenty20s = only once, vs India at Colombo on 2 October 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-03-15T14:13:52.130" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T14:13:52.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2372" CreationDate="2013-03-15T08:10:10.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It wouldn't be beneficial to throw any points or lose in any game except gambling.In gambling you lose your first game to show the other that you are a weak competitor and motivate the other to put all the money in next round and just showing your ability you would win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-03-15T13:16:13.217" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T13:16:13.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2204" CreationDate="2013-03-15T08:16:07.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah being as a bowler my thinking is only Practice makes a man perfect. So first you let him do this in their way but by and by you should take some action on this and put your effort to learn them how to bowl with consistency and pace when they will be right in their own they will do your changes with less difficulty and faster way than to push all your effort on initial position.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T08:16:07.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-15T14:04:02.477" Score="6" ViewCount="685" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've trained in alpine skiing for a couple of years now. I'm good at downhill &amp;amp; super g, and my times are improving, but I'm really bad at slalom. How can I go faster in slalom without crashing? Are there special tips apart from those taught in training?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1186" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:23:13.743" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:23:13.743" Title="How can I go faster in slalom?" Tags="|technique|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2217" CreationDate="2013-03-16T08:16:26.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The toe loop, according to what I have learnt, should be 1/2 in the air. It doesn't really matter how much rotation is done on the ice as long as it is somewhere between 1/4 and 1/2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A single Salchow consists of one full revolution. However it does feel like jumping 1/2 revolution, since the technique is quite similar to that of the waltz jump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1/4 rotation is done on the ice for the loop before leaping into the air. 1/2 is done on ice for the flip jump and one full revolution in the air. About 1/4 to 1/2 is done on ice for the lutz.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1186" LastActivityDate="2013-03-16T08:16:26.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2395" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-17T17:51:09.987" Score="5" ViewCount="710" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm coaching a team in a U8 recreational soccer league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the parents and assistant coaches are &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;way&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; more focused on the team's win-loss record than they are on the kids having fun.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real challenge is with the assistant coaches.  I need their help in running practices and games, but their focus on winning is putting some of the kids off.  The message the kids get is that it &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; be fun if they don't win the game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this stage and level of (non-)competitive play, I see my job as inspiring the kids with passion for the game and to enjoy playing on a team.  I would &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; for them to win some games, but I'm more concerned with making sure they enjoy playing first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I convince my assistant coaches to change their behavior / what they're saying to the kids?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address some questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) I have already talked with the ass't coaches and pointed out what's going on.  But they're type-A driven individuals and while they say they agree with my points, they haven't shifted their focus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The team didn't win any games last season.  And no, I wasn't involved with the team at that point but the assistant coaches were.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) I can't replace the assistant coaches as I don't have anyone to replace them with.  And it's a rec league.  And these are their kids, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) And yes, winning &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; fun, but you can have fun without always winning too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) Honestly, I don't know how much latent talent is on the team.  But my first guess is not much at this stage.  And I'll counter that by noting Michael Jordan was cut from his HS basketball team, and I've heard that Pele was just average at this age.  I see those examples as more reasons I want the kids having fun and a passion for the sport before worrying about win-loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1122" LastActivityDate="2023-10-29T19:17:27.180" Title="How do I emphasize having fun instead of focusing on wins?" Tags="|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2395" CreationDate="2013-03-17T19:22:37.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try developing a goal setting program to use with your players and coaching staff. It's important to set goals related to performance (e.g., # received passes, shots, etc.) not outcomes (e.g., wins-losses). You can begin by setting one or two performance goals for each practice and game and go from there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your assistant coaches, they should be able to understand that if you take care of your performance (what you can control), the desired outcome will follow (a byproduct of good performance that you don't have control over). This way of focusing helps maintain motivation since you can still achieve your goals (success!) despite losing a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you're setting up your goals they should meet the SMART criteria. That is each goal should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Specific&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Measurable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attainable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relevant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Time-bound&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find some more detail &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_criteria&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1083" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T19:22:37.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2053" CreationDate="2013-03-17T21:02:00.110" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hockey, a player's NCAA eligibility is voided the moment they accept compensation a professional team. It does not necessarily have to be contract-related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the NHL as an example, NCAA players are permitted to take part in organizational activities such as an off-season development camp provided the player takes care of all associated costs with attending. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while an NHL team will cover the airfare, lodging, meals, etc. for players drafted or signed out of junior-level hockey, college players are there on their own dime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="403" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T21:02:00.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2013-03-17T21:12:20.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to stress the importance of &lt;strong&gt;temperature&lt;/strong&gt;, which was only mentioned in  Mike Hedman's comment to geoffc's answer, particularly if you're training through summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Story&lt;/strong&gt;: So far I've run 27km as my longest training run (HM-plan), and managed without a drink. I usually don't feel the need. On a later occasion though I had 18km on my plan but it was nearing 30°C(86°F?), for which I was completely unprepared. I did fine for the first 10km, then just dropped in my output on a long easy up-hill stretch, and couldn't get going again after. When I cam home I drank a liter(1/3 gallon?) of water. The  day later my digestive system revolted, and it took me 2 weeks to recover and be able to eat normally again - not to mention my running schedule that was ruined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer&lt;/strong&gt;: Since then I always carry water(&lt;em&gt;drinking-backpack&lt;/em&gt;) for &gt;24°C(75°F)  and &gt;10km, but still rely on my body to decide when I want to drink and when I don't, although I tend to take a sip on a hint of thirst rather than to wait for a definite need for water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer to other sources for food/electrolyte/etc.. intake - but I haven't met anyone who uses such for HM-distances in training. Races I join usually offer food/drink every 5km. I take a little at 5km and 15km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T21:12:20.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2405" CreationDate="2013-03-18T11:23:07.040" Score="8" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Water Temperature:&lt;/em&gt; I'm good with cold, but I am not an ice-swimmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Frequency/Distance:&lt;/em&gt; I swim an hour weekly (tri-club), with two hours additionally every 2-3 weeks, but I have yet to swim more than 200m without pushing off a wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Skill:&lt;/em&gt; I have been swimming for a few months. Through training, I have been able to manage a small constant glide at an easy pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would a wet suit provide added benefit to swimming in different temperatures of water in varying distances? Is my skill level a significant factor in considering which type of wet suit I should consider? &lt;strong&gt;How do water-temperature, swim distance and skill influence the choice of using a wet suit for the swim-stretch in a triathlon competition?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-18T16:21:02.697" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T11:10:05.783" Title="How do water-temperature, swim distance and skill influence the choice of using a wet suit for the swim-stretch in a triathlon competition?" Tags="|swimming|triathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2395" CreationDate="2013-03-18T15:54:40.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe you can try focusing more on detail - parts of a game. I never played soccer seriously, but I imagine it is more than just 2x10 people running after a ball and trying to kick it in the direction of their favored goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know how receptive a U8 team is, but maybe you can put the focus on actually being aware of team dynamics, and showing how certain behavior is better than others, depending on the situtation. (Say, better to pass to an open player than try to kick through a wall).&#xA;Your praise/chiding would be aimed at these aspects then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Praise them when they see the big-picture(a team mate running to an open spot, realizing there's 3 opponents coming to your position) - and focus on realizing these things quickly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chide them for not watching the field, playing solo.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you can film the games from a higher point of view(top of the rafters?) and cut out two minutes from each game to show what went good and what didn't. (The high viewpoint might be a cool comparison to professional football coverage : P)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anecdote&lt;/strong&gt;: my highschool had subject-profiled classes, and the class soccer tournament was always won by the math/informatics class. I watched the final between them and the econ/business class in one year, and it was even a bit chilling how the scrawnier team endlessly outplayed the 1 year more senior team and beat them 11-2 in a 30 min match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T15:54:40.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2401" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-18T16:01:35.977" Score="3" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a female friend who is training for a 5km race. She's 1.6m tall and complains that her short legs (83cm long) penalize her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_metres#Women&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;women 5km world record holders&lt;/a&gt; and noticed that the top 3 are all exactly 1.60m tall like her (found height by googling the athlete's name, right hand side of search results) but couldn't find information as to their legs size. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does anybody know how long the legs of these athletes are? Are there known theoretical value as to the optimum legs/body size ratio for runners?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1195" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T21:27:10.807" Title="Question on legs/body size for women runners" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2401" CreationDate="2013-03-18T16:28:29.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure in what the use of an answer to leg-length/body-height ratio would be... leg-extensions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most important is to get the most out of what you've got - learning to stride nicely and not scurry along your path. Most of success lies in training (and more than is credited in recovery too) - so if she puts her heart to it she'll be better(much-much better) than most runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last fall I ran a 20k in 1:40, and a woman about 2-3x my size finished just before me - I seriously, will never ask how that was even possible. She must have had some awesome passion driving her. One really shouldn't judge output by someone's body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080313203529AAQUZ2o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here's my favorite google answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T16:28:29.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2401" CreationDate="2013-03-18T21:27:10.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sweatscience.com/how-limb-length-affects-running-cadence/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; (which references &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653821&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this publication&lt;/a&gt;) suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;we expect people that are approximately the same size, and running at&#xA;  approximately the same speed, to use approximately the same frequency.&#xA;  That is an explanation for why the best marathon runners use the same&#xA;  step frequency&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, per your question about theoretical advantage of leg length, I don't think that's really the best question to ask.  Rather, ask, &quot;What is the best cadence for my leg length?&quot; since we can't really do anything about our leg length (much to my chagrin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will suggest that in addition to working on gait/cadence, it's &lt;strong&gt;incredibly&lt;/strong&gt; important to get correct form.  One of the biggest inhibitors of efficient running is heel-striking.  You lose an incredible amount of momentum when you heel strike.  There are several types of shoes that are designed for different running forms.  If you live in a decently sized city, most running stores will actually have a setup where you can run and they analyze your gait, degree of pronation, etc. for free.  I'd highly recommend doing that for anyone interested in doing any type of running, whether recreational, competitive or otherwise.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T21:27:10.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2399" CreationDate="2013-03-19T15:16:28.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Differing suits might provide a benefit, but I think that would be offset by your overall skill level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Older swimsuits and skins increased the amount of drag on the body, which is a bad thing for competitive swimming.  I noticed a big difference in drag between the speedos I wore during Masters swimming versus the light skin I wore when scuba diving.  The rule then was less is more as your own skin presented less drag.  &amp;lt;&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;Insert obligatory &quot;yes, I dated myself there&quot; comment&lt;/em&gt; &gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Newer swimsuits / skins can present less drag than your own skin does since the material is a tighter weave.  Case in point, many Olympic swimmers are now wearing full swim skins.  I believe the balance now is between economics versus performance gain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I would purchase suits based upon the temperature of the water you expect to be competing in.  If it's a lake and you know it will be cold, having a little heavier suit will keep you warmer so you can function better.  Likewise, if it will be more reasonable temperatures then I would go with a lighter suit.  The focus is really upon staying warm enough that you can keep swimming.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't compete in triathlons, but I expect you wear the same base layer for all 3 events, so keep the other 2 events in mind when picking your swimming gear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I would recommend just focusing on improving your overall swimming skill versus worrying about the minimal benefit that you may receive from aerodynamics.  After you get to the point where you're knocking out a few miles of swimming per practice then you'll be at a point to consider differing suit types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1122" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T15:16:28.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2013-03-19T17:12:01.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what format the Nike files are, but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fitfilerepairtool.info/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fit File Repair Tool&lt;/a&gt; offers the most comprehensive options for conversion from and into the most commonly used formats (fit, tcx, and hrm). On top of that, it lets you fix faulty files, e.g. when the gps or the heart rate monitor went crazy due to interferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If conversion to tcx is sufficient, I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://jmelhus.com/index.php/tcxcreator/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tcx creator&lt;/a&gt; to work quite smoothely. It's main purpose is to combine hrm files (from your heart rate monitor) with gpx files (from your gps device), but it also works if you skip the gpx files and just feed it with hrm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically, what you need to do is check what file format Nike produced for you and check what your new online service can import (most likely one or more of the above). According to the tcx creator website, all of the following accept tcx files: endomondo.com, strava.com, connect.garmin.com, runkeeper.com&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1199" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T17:12:01.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2415" CreationDate="2013-03-19T17:20:58.940" Score="9" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &quot;field of 65&quot; style tournament bracket, there were two 16-seeds (presumably the weakest teams) that had a play-in game in order to play the overall #1 seed.  When they expanded to 68, it's now 4 play-in games between 16-16 seeds, 13-13 seeds, 11-11 seeds and 16-16 seeds.  Why didn't they just do it between all 16 seeds?  Was there specific reasoning?  Is it the same seeds in each region every year or is there a mechanism for selecting which teams will play in Round 1.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I know it can  be debated that playing in such a game can be a good warm-up for lower seeds, but I don't think that was the official reason.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T17:52:23.717" LastActivityDate="2013-03-20T13:40:24.867" Title="Seeding for Round 1 in NCAA basketball tournament" Tags="|collegiate|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2420" CreationDate="2013-03-19T19:40:26.460" Score="9" ViewCount="1427" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a pair of plastic cleats for practice and dirt fields for play. My question is when would I use metal studded cleats?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only on rainy and muddy fields, or can/should I use them for also dirt fields that are hard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm under the understanding that the metal studs will make it more difficult to move since they won't grasp the dirt since it's hard and not muddy, hence they won't sink in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the correct assumption or should they be used if I have them for better grip period?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should mention I am a forward (open side flanker).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1020" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-20T15:01:26.217" LastActivityDate="2013-03-21T13:56:51.150" Title="What is the correct turf for metal studs in rugby?" Tags="|equipment|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2438" CreationDate="2013-03-20T03:02:01.713" Score="4" ViewCount="6971" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a new racquetball player, playing once or twice a week. I'm not a power player nor do I play with many people who are. I noticed that balls sell in bulk for &lt;a href=&quot;http://refer.ly/ap5T&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;less than $1 each&lt;/a&gt; and was wondering if that would be an easy way to ensure a supply. However, it may take many months (a year even?) to go through them all. Should I be concerned about deterioration once the canister is unsealed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1202" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-20T15:01:17.980" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T02:18:40.187" Title="How important is racquetball ball freshness?" Tags="|equipment|racquetball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2412" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-03-20T03:16:02.770" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racquetball is, as the name suggests, a racquet-and-ball sport played in an enclosed area by two players or pairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A regulation racquetball court is 40 feet long, 20 feet wide and 20 feet high; indoor courts typically have walls and ceiling faced with a durable smooth sheetrock, sometimes with a glass rear wall and/or a railing in the upper rear section of the court for spectator viewing, painted white with a light-colored wooden floor. Outdoor courts are most often formed from poured concrete slabs on all sides with no ceiling (or only a partial ceiling). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the floor, three lines parallel to the front wall are painted in red, at 15, 20 and 25 feet from the front wall. The closest line at 15 feet is known as the &quot;service line&quot;, while the line at 20 feet is the &quot;short line&quot;. These two lines are solid, and form the &quot;service area&quot; within which the serving player must stand while serving the ball. Within the service area are four additional lines parallel to the side walls, at 18 and 36 inches from each wall. The 18&quot; lines, with the short and service lines and the side wall, define the &quot;doubles boxes&quot;; the non-serving player of the serving pair must stand in one of these boxes while his partner serves the ball. The 36&quot; lines are the &quot;screen lines&quot;; generally the serving player must stay to the inside of each of these lines, toward the center of the service area, especially when making certain kinds of banking serves. Behind the short line is the &quot;receiving line&quot; at 25 feet from the front wall; this is typically a dashed line that marks the point at which the receiving player or pair may play the ball if it has not yet bounced after contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball used is a smooth hollow rubber ball 2.25 inches in diameter. The most common color for indoor play is blue, though racquetballs are made in a variety of colors often with accompanying small changes to the ball's materials, bounce or spin characteristics, meant for a variety of playing styles or environments (a tougher rubber, for instance, can be used when playing in a court with rough wall or floor surfaces). The racquet is a tensioned polymer net in an aluminum frame, similar in form and construction to a tennis racquet but slightly smaller and lighter, with a maximum length from pommel to far edge of 22&quot;. Players typically wear polo shirts or T-shirts and gym or basketball shorts while playing, and many players often additionally wear some protective clothing to guard against hits by the ball or collisions with another player; athletic cups, kneepads, and safety goggles are common, with goggles being required in competition play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play of a rally starts with a serve; one player stands within the &quot;service zone&quot;, bounces the ball once off the floor, and then hits it with his racquet so that it bounces off the front wall, does not contact the ceiling or more than one other wall, and then bounces off the floor beyond the &quot;short line&quot; but before contacting the back wall. A serve that does not meet all these conditions is a &quot;fault&quot;; most recreational play allows the player a second serve attempt if they commit a fault, and on a double fault they lose the serve to their opponent, though in higher competition levels a &quot;one-serve rule&quot; is usually in place where any fault results in a loss of serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the ball has bounced off the floor behind the short line, or has passed the receiving line and the opposing player thinks it will hit the floor before the back wall, the receiving player may play the ball by hitting it off of his racquet. To be a legal hit, after leaving the player's racquet the ball must contact the front wall before bouncing off the ground. The opposing player must then hit it off his own racquet before it bounces on the floor twice (he may allow it to bounce off the floor once or may hit it &quot;on the fly&quot; without letting it bounce at all). Players (or pairs in doubles) then take turns hitting the ball until one player does not make a legal hit, either letting the ball bounce twice, or hitting it in such a way that the ball hits the ground before the front wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Racquetball is unique among racquet sports in that all surfaces enclosing the court are &quot;in play&quot; during normal play of a rally, with no &quot;out of bounds&quot; unless the court is not fully enclosed (in which case a hit that causes the ball to leave the playing area is not legal and the player who last hit loses the point). After the serve, as long as the rules of a legal hit are followed, the players may hit the ball into or allow it to bounce off of any portion of not only the front wall and floor, but the side and rear walls and the ceiling (if it exists). This play dynamic is most similar to squash, but that game has lines marking valid areas of the front and side walls that can be played off of, and the rear wall is out of play. Some recreational court operators may institute a local rule that the ceiling is out of play to discourage hitting into it, as it may be constructed of a less durable material such as drop ceiling tiles, or it may have ventilation or lighting equipment protruding from its face which can cause the ball to bounce off in unpredictable ways. However, competition-level courts must allow the ceiling to be played off of either directly or indirectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a player fails to make a legal hit, the other player or pair wins the rally. If that side served, they win a point; if the non-serving side wins the rally, they do not get a point but are awarded the serve. This is similar to the original scoring rules for volleyball, however most volleyball competitions now award a point on each rally won. The same &quot;point on every rally&quot; variation can be used in recreational play to speed up the game, but all sanctioned competitions still use the &quot;must serve to score&quot; format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A game is typically played to 15 points. The U.S. competitive match format is a best-of-three game series, with the third game if necessary being played to only 11 points, and unlike most other racquet sports the winner of any game is not required to win by two. Canadian rules are the same except that the two-point winning margin is required. Most other matches run under International Racquetball Federation rules are the same as the U.S., however top-level professional competitions are often best-of-five matches with all games played to 11, and requiring a two-point winning margin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Racquetball is typically played by adults in recreational settings for fun and exercise. There is no official minimum age to play in most jurisdictions, but unlike field sports the dimensions of the court cannot be easily changed, so a younger player must have the strength and coordination to be able to play on the full-size adult court, so instruction in racquetball often doesn't begin until age 7 unlike other sports where children can begin to learn to play at three or four with appropriate scaling down of the playing field. Levels of competition range from casual recreational play between friends up to international professional tournaments, including the U.S. Racquetball Open, the World Racquetball Championship and events at the Pan-American Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T07:17:24.213" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T07:17:24.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2413" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-03-20T03:16:02.770" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of racquetball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-20T12:52:01.920" LastActivityDate="2013-03-20T12:52:01.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2407" CreationDate="2013-03-20T12:50:51.887" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stated methodology for teams selected to play in the &quot;First Four&quot; is a) the four lowest seeded automatic-bid qualifiers (i.e. the four lowest-rated conference tournament winners), and b) the four lowest seeded at-large bid qualifiers. It is the b) category that gets us &quot;11 vs 11&quot;, &quot;12 vs 12&quot;, &quot;13 vs 13&quot;, etc. games. Where these play-in winners wind up in the four regional brackets is not consistent from year to year. Each year, I believe, one of the regional brackets has had 2 of these play-in teams, while another regional had none.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA is likely trying to maintain the established balance between automatic-bid and at-large bid teams in the Div-1 tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1207" LastEditorUserId="1207" LastEditDate="2013-03-20T13:40:24.867" LastActivityDate="2013-03-20T13:40:24.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2418" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2419" CreationDate="2013-03-20T23:39:53.007" Score="6" ViewCount="2533" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard the term backspinner in Cricket. What is a backspinner in Cricket? How does the bowler bowl a backspinner and who invented this type of delivery? Couldn't get much information on this type of delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-21T13:26:37.417" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T13:03:01.873" Title="What is a backspinner in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2418" CreationDate="2013-03-21T00:40:50.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is some info on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrist_spin#Slider&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. To elaborate, a backspinner is a delivery that can be bowled by either a finger spinner or a wrist spinner and refers to any delivery in which the spin put on the ball is mainly in the 'back' direction, as opposed to a side spinner or topspinner. To be clear, the direction of spin is the same as how a ball rolling back towards the bowler would be rotating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many different bowlers, both finger and wrist spinners, have used different techniques to bowl backspinners over the years and these deliveries go by different names such as sliders, zooters, the teesra and some finger spinners 'arm ball' is basically a backspinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like any spin bowler variation, the intention of a backspinner is deception. The bowler hopes the batsmen will player the ball as if it was a regular stock ball and be surprised to find it behaves differently. In the case of the backspinner, the ball will tend to land fuller than the batsmen expects and bounce off the pitch lower and quicker than they expect (hence the term 'slider', the ball 'slides' off the pitch instead of bouncing up). The reason for this has to do with some simple physics (that I won't go into) and contrasts with the usual flight of a spin bowlers delivery. Usually a regular side spinning stock ball will also be topspinning somewhat, so an offspin stock ball typically is spinning towards fine leg rather than square leg and an leg spinner towards the slips rather than point. Topspin makes the ball land shorter than it would otherwise, and causes it to grip onto the pitch bouncing slower and higher than otherwise. If the batsmen has been facing many of these stock balls from a bowler they may become used to that bounce and pace. If a bowler then bowls a backspinner they may be deceived by the fuller, lower bouncing ball. This may cause them to play over the ball and be bowled or given LBW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The backspinner is not as well known as other variations, such as the googly, the doosra or the flipper probably because it is not a particularly spectacular ball. On its own it is not a particularly difficult ball to play, so a bowler wouldn't bowl it too often, but it get used as a less common variation to try and keep the batsmen uncertain about the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shane Warne made a lot of fuss later in his career over the delivery he claimed to invent which he called the 'zooter'. However, it was simply a backspinner as had been bowled by many bowlers before him and was easier for him to bowl than his other variations once his shoulder had worn out from years of bowling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-03-21T03:02:20.150" LastActivityDate="2013-03-21T03:02:20.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2410" CreationDate="2013-03-21T13:56:51.150" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion you should switch for plastic cleats whenever the field is not muddy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Metal cleats are just a pain on dry fields. It is unconfortable, you can even feel the screws, and feel less stable (when the field is very dry). You wont get much grip compared to plastic cleats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an open side flanker, you don't need that much grip in the scrum as you are more stabilizing rather than really pushing. On the other hand, you need speed to detach fast from the scrum, plastic cleats are lighter and thus better for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1126" LastActivityDate="2013-03-21T13:56:51.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-21T15:37:55.960" Score="8" ViewCount="5318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the scenario. A pitcher leaves the game after 7 innings with a 4-4 tie, but only 3 of the runs against were earned. The relief pitcher completes the game for a 6-4 win. Who gets the win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T19:54:25.457" Title="Do un-earned runs affect win, loss for pitchers" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2421" CreationDate="2013-03-21T16:31:25.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wins and losses are based on the score, not on whether or not the runs are earned or not. If the pitcher's team loses the game they cannot get a win, even if they gave up fewer earned runs than their team scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher at the time the winning team gains a lead they keep through the rest of the game is the winning pitcher. There is only one exception to this rule. If the starting pitchers does not pitch 5 innings and his team gets the lead while he is still in the game the official scorer is to award the win to the &quot;most effective pitcher for the winning team&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-03-21T16:31:25.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2428" CreationDate="2013-03-21T23:07:57.513" Score="7" ViewCount="6671" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to remember the term used for the part of a multi-lap open-water swim where the swimmer is expected to exit the water, run a distance and then enter the water in between each lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there's a name for it but I just can't remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1213" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-22T18:33:28.240" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T18:33:28.240" Title="Half-way water exit in an open water swim?" Tags="|terminology|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2421" CreationDate="2013-03-22T05:27:32.017" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unearned runs have nothing to do with wins and losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer to your question depends on &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt; the 5th run was scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pitcher finishes the 7th inning, and his team scores a run &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the relief pitcher enters the game, he gets the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the relief pitcher enters the game before the 5th run is scored, the relief pitcher gets the win.  This is the case regadless of how the relief pitcher enters the game.  It might be by starting the 8th inning, pinch-hitting in the 7th, or even through a double-switch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's all about the &quot;&lt;em&gt;pitcher of record&lt;/em&gt;&quot; when the last lead-change takes place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The win is given to the &quot;&lt;em&gt;pitcher of record&lt;/em&gt;&quot; when the winning team takes the lead for the last time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As wax eagle has pointed out, a starting pitcher cannot get a win unless he pitches 5 complete innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher A enters the game in the top of the 7th inning with his team winning by 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher A gives up 5 earned runs, but completes the 7th inning (he blows the lead)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher A's team scores 4 runs in the bottom of the 7th inning (his team makes a comeback)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher B relieves pitcher A by entering the game to start the 8th inning (Pitcher A is done)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher A's team holds the lead and wins the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pitcher A gets the win&lt;/strong&gt; after pitching less than 1 inning and blowing a 3 run lead&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="459" LastEditorUserId="459" LastEditDate="2013-03-22T05:47:27.860" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T05:47:27.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2418" CreationDate="2013-03-22T10:28:22.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A backspin ball tends to float through the air and kicks up when it&#xA;  bounces since it tends to kick backwards, causing the ball to slow&#xA;  down more than a ball without spin. The actual result depends on both&#xA;  the amount of spin and the angle of incidence. If a non-spinning ball&#xA;  is incident at an angle of about 20 degrees to the horizontal, then it&#xA;  will slide along the pitch until it bounces,  at about 22 degrees to&#xA;  the horizontal. If the ball has backspin then the trajectory will&#xA;  probably be different. It depends on the ball speed and launch angle&#xA;  or on where the ball lands. In general,  a ball with backspin landing&#xA;  at the same spot will be incident at a lower angle, say 18 degrees,&#xA;  and it will bounce up at about 20 degrees. But if the bowler sends&#xA;  down a slower backspin ball and if it lands at an angle of incidence&#xA;  of say 40 degrees, then the ball will start to slide along the pitch&#xA;  for a while and then grip the pitch before it bounces. This will cause&#xA;  the ball to slow down a lot during the bounce, so it will bounce up&#xA;  quite steeply, say at 50 degrees. The formula for the bounce angle is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Slope of bounce angle = (vertical bounce speed) / (horizontal bounce&#xA;  speed)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;where slope means the same thing as tangent in trigonometry. So, the&#xA;  effect of backspin or topspin depends on whether the ball slides&#xA;  throughout the bounce (as it does at low incident angles) or whether&#xA;  it gets a chance to grip the pitch, as it does at high angles of&#xA;  incidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcTAZaz2UJU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcTAZaz2UJU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-22T13:03:01.873" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T13:03:01.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2423" CreationDate="2013-03-22T17:47:00.350" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok, I found it. It's a term relating to triathlons and it's called an Australian Exit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1213" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T17:47:00.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2429" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-23T21:14:28.450" Score="9" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm confused about the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_World_Cup&quot;&gt;FIFA Club World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the FIFA Club World Cup have any relation whatsoever to the actual World Cup, or is it a completely unrelated competition?  (e.g. does the outcome of the FIFA Club Worldcup have any effect on the World Cup?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="676" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-03-24T02:52:01.603" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T16:24:25.483" Title="FIFA Club World Cup" Tags="|football|tournaments|fifa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2429" CreationDate="2013-03-24T02:44:39.937" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA Club World Cup is &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; the actual World Cup. The two tournaments are not related whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a competition organized by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). This tournament is played &lt;code&gt;once every four years&lt;/code&gt;. This is contested by the 209 member &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;countries&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. These 209 countries compete in the qualifiers of each region and 31 teams qualify (The 32nd spot is reserved for the hosting nation) for the actual World Cup. The current champions are Spain who defeated Netherlands 1-0  in the finals in  Johannesburg, South Africa on 11th July 2010. The next World Cup is scheduled to be played in Brazil in 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;FIFA Club World Cup&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a competition organized by FIFA that is played &lt;code&gt;every year&lt;/code&gt;. This is contested between the top &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;clubs&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of each continent. Totally 7 teams contest (Champions League winners of the 6 continents along with the current champion of the host nation) for this trophy. The current champions are Corinthians who defeated Chelsea 1–0 in Yokohama, Japan on 16th December 2012. The next Club World Cup is scheduled to take place in Morocco in December 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-03-24T02:44:39.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="548" CreationDate="2013-03-25T07:26:40.220" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm in a similar situation, albeit I only run half-marathons and bike up to 60km. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I started swimming I had the exact same problem, that I couldn't breathe according to what felt a good swim effort.&#xA;In the end I relaxed my swim speed as well as allowed my self to breathe every time I pulled back with an arm. I really focused on my breath and feeling good in the water. Everything else was secondary to being able to breathe calmly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I train in a group, and before I would have to take a break every 50m and wait till my breathing came from a frantic gasping to a relaxed in-/exhale as while running. After the change I swam slower, but could actually manage 1h30 of training, where previously I would be at the end of my strength after 30min. Now, a few months later I can keep up with my group, and I breathe every 2 arm pulls, sometimes every 3 to switch breathing sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T07:26:40.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2435" CreationDate="2013-03-25T07:41:51.720" Score="4" ViewCount="32020" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently went for a professional medical massage, and felt incredibly relaxed afterwards. He only did my torso and back, but the breathing feeling was so free I felt incredible. I sit all day in front of a computer, so my shoulders are usually quite tight - I felt like in heaven.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could imagine, that the relaxed feeling would allow me much better control over my movement during a run, as well as breathing ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About 24h after though, I had quite some sores along the primary massaged muscle groups. Two days later I'm feeling fine again, but my upper body is as tense as always. &lt;strong&gt;So I'm wondering if a massage is a stress on the body that would interfere with the stress of a competition.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any drawback to getting a massage before a competition?&lt;/strong&gt; (I run, swim and bike, but I assume this could apply to any sports discipline).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T12:44:29.693" Title="Is it ok to get a massage BEFORE a competition?" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2434" CreationDate="2013-03-25T08:22:05.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not a massage therapist, but I have received many different types of massages and treatments over the years, so I can share my experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get a deep tissue massage - sometimes called a &quot;swedish&quot; massage - the muscle areas that were massaged are going to feel a little sore afterwards and the muscles themselves are going to be dehydrated somewhat. This is why after getting a deep tissue massage you are encouraged to drink plenty of water to help re-hydrate your muscles. I would definitely &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; recommend getting a massage like that before a competition. It will hurt your performance, not help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get a relaxation massage where they use light pressure then I would say go ahead and do that before a competition if you feel it helps your movement during a run and with breathing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said all of that, what I would think to be the best kind of treatment to receive before a run or any kind of competition would be some assisted stretching after you perform a light warm-up routine. Spend 10-20 minutes doing light exercise (just enough to where your heart beat is slightly elevated) then get on a table where someone can help you go through some stretching routines. That has helped me the most before any kind of competition and gets me the most loosened up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T08:22:05.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2443" CreationDate="2013-03-25T08:53:10.923" Score="7" ViewCount="9083" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is not a left arm bowler who turns the ball away from left-handed batsman not called a left arm leg spinner, just like the right arm leg spinner? A left arm bowler who turns the ball into the left hand batsman is called a left arm off break bowler just like the right arm off spinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also be interested in the origin of the name &quot;chinaman&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T08:47:15.860" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T08:47:15.860" Title="Left arm Leg Spinner - A term not used. Why?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2107" CreationDate="2013-03-25T16:52:48.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it depends on whether the local rules stipulate that players should play &quot;Ready Golf&quot;. This is common at public and semi-private courses and basically states that all players through the green should split up to their lies and take their shots in their time, rather than travelling in a group from lie to lie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is thought to be lost, the player should always play a provisional ball from the previous spot. If it's the tee shot that got away, everyone else should tee off, then if Ready Golf rules are in effect, the group should split up and head to their lies; any that are close to where the player lost their ball should play their next shot and then help look. If Ready Golf is not in effect, all players should help that player look for his ball on his turn (the turn order based on distance, and thus on where the lost ball is thought to have landed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-25T20:24:16.350" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T20:24:16.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2411" CreationDate="2013-03-25T17:09:53.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a tennis player, but a similar principle applies with racquetballs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For tennis tournaments in the league I play in, each player is required to bring two sealed cans of three tennis balls, one can for warm-up and one can for tournament play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sealed&lt;/strong&gt; is important because pressure inside tennis balls are inflated to about 12 psi greater than normal air pressure. Sealed cans ensure the tennis balls are &quot;housed&quot; in pressure equitable to internal tennis ball pressure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the can is unsealed, the &quot;freshness,&quot; as you put it, slowly fades. This is the best time to use tennis balls so the pressure inside the tennis ball is closest to its inflated pressure. This results in the bounce being consistent, reliable, and optimal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any &quot;deterioration&quot; will come from normal air pressure, causing the ball to be less consistent, reliable, and optimal...and will eventually go flat. This difference is marginal to the casual/recreational eye, but significant to the competitive eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the sounds of it, you will have an adequate supply of racquetballs if you decide to use them the way you intend to as stated in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1221" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-07T14:14:39.473" LastActivityDate="2013-05-07T14:14:39.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1825" CreationDate="2013-03-25T17:56:34.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that picture and your intended putting path, I would have expected the ball to break right all day. The peak of that rise is about double the radius of the branches of the tree nearest the pin, so the midpoint of your bump and run is to the right of that peak and so it'd break right. How much depends on the speed the ball is travelling, whether it's rolling or still bouncing at the midpoint, and other factors of the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chad's answer has the two main things besides slope that determine the proper putting line for a shot; the grain of the grass, and the presence of any imperfections. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grain is, quite simply, the direction in which the blades of grass grow. This depends on the species of grass, the location and orientation of the green relative to the path of the Sun, prevailing winds, and other factors (including the exact area of the green; it can change from one side of the green to the other). The best greens have no grain; the grass used grows straight up. But, most of those are high-maintenance grasses, and so most of your public and even semi-private courses, especially in southern climates where drought-tolerance is a plus, use something a little hardier that results in a grain. A putt directly against the grain will require more power than a putt with the grain, and putts will tend to break slightly in the direction of the grain, especially in the second half of their path as they slow to a stop, or when putting on a line within about thirty degrees of being directly with or against the grain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, greens that have been recently maintained often have rake furrows produced by the process of relevelling or thinning the green, which will give a more pronounced grain to the green surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond the grain, the next most important thing is the softness or firmness of the ground under the grass, which is a primary determinant of the green's speed. The basic soil type, moisture content, and the amount of sand the groundskeeping staff have used to level it all contribute. The softer, the slower. The other primary determinant is overall grass height; most greens are kept close-mown, as short as 3/4&quot;. The taller, the slower, and the more pronounced the grain's effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T17:56:34.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1824" CreationDate="2013-03-25T20:16:05.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, a rangefinder's advantage is that it tells you &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; how close you are to the pin (or to some other object you're rangefinding), instead of &lt;em&gt;approximately&lt;/em&gt; how close you are based on your relative distance to some other known marker, like the approach stake. With a good rangefinder, it's possible to get an accurate distance reading (usually within a yard, sometimes to tenths of a yard) on almost any object on the course, from the near to far edge of a dogleg landing, to the rocks at the near edge of a water hazard, to any stake, tree or other significant landmark through the green, and of course the pin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the interest of full disclosure, any device intended to be used for distance gauging, or any device incorporating this ability as a major feature of its design, is disallowed by strict rules (Rule 14-3) under penalty of disqualification. The Rules, however, also allow courses to implement a Local Rule allowing them overriding 14-3, and for casual play, virtually all courses do allow them, with many even providing such a device in the form of GPS systems in the carts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rangefinders have the most benefit on courses where planning your shots require you to know more than just the distance to the pin, and on courses that have more limited information along the way. If you need to know how far it is to that dogleg landing, so you can drop your tee shot there before changing direction, and there's nothing useful on the scorecard map or in your cart to help you gauge it, then a rangefinder will definitely save you a few strokes finding out by trial and error. Similarly, if the holes only have yard markings from the tees and no other distance aids through the green, and you can't rely on &quot;dead reckoning&quot; based on the average distances of your clubs (due to high winds, or the fact you're hitting shorter or longer than you'd expect on that day), a rangefinder can be invaluable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On many courses I've played, however, you usually have at least an approach stake telling you you're, say, 150 yards from the edge of the green, and given where your ball actually lies relative to that stake, and how far back the pin is from the edge of the green, your distance to pin can be reckoned accurately enough to drop your ball on the green within putting distance from there. Most obstacles, similarly, are positioned such that playing over and around them is relatively natural; you can, at the very least, play it safe your first time on that course and hit away from or a little softer than you normally would, and then when you're sure your next shot will carry the hazard, you hit out longer. Your next time out, knowing how you played it last time, you might go for more club and a stronger swing to carry the tee shot over the hazard, setting up an easier GIR or even a birdie try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-03-25T20:22:26.517" LastActivityDate="2013-03-25T20:22:26.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-25T23:30:37.077" Score="8" ViewCount="14589" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to have pretty hard shots up until I had a persistent injury to my lower back, probably due to sedentary workdays coupled with irregular training. Well, a few months of physiotherapy and changing my work environment I have overcome this injury now and play football without any problems... except my shots seems to have withered altogether. I can run, tackle, dribble but have no real intensity in my shots these days. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That got me thinking; what does the shot power really depend on? What distinguishes players with incredibly hard/fast shots from others? Something I find particularly interesting is that there is no direct dependance on the body frame of the player, in other words some small and thin player can still have tremendous shots despite being undersized compared to others. So it's not all about being pumped..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a follow-up, how can one improve his/her shot power?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T09:28:37.160" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T09:37:20.273" Title="What factors does the shot power depend on and how can it be improved?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2436" CreationDate="2013-03-26T05:47:54.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Left arm bowlers who turn the ball away from a left hand batsman or into a right hand batsman are called leg spinners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is how the ball will spin after it pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/drAmZ.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the time, the term Left-arm unorthodox spinners or Chinaman has become popular and is basically the norm now. However, it is not incorrect to use the term left arm leg spinners as few cricket writers still use this term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not hear much of this term as there are very few crickets who fall under this category. The most famous ones being South African, Paul Adams and Australian, Brad Hogg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-arm_unorthodox_spin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; quotes the origin of the term chinaman as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The name has its origins in a Test match played between the West Indies and England at Old Trafford, Manchester, in the year 1933. Elliss &quot;Puss&quot; Achong, a player of Chinese origin, was a left-arm orthodox spinner, playing for the West Indies at the time. According to folklore, Achong is said to have had Walter Robins stumped off a surprise delivery that spun into the right-hander from outside the off stump. As he walked back to the pavilion, Robins said to the umpire, &quot;fancy being done by a bloody Chinaman!&quot;, leading to the popularity of the term in England, and subsequently, in the rest of the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T08:40:55.040" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T08:40:55.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2452" CreationDate="2013-03-26T16:25:30.827" Score="7" ViewCount="9258" Body="&lt;p&gt;During this past season, my coach subbed in a player from the bench and that player did a poor job of communicating who was to be subbed out. This resulted in our team having six players on the court (obviously not allowed). There was a span of about five seconds off the clock before the refs noticed. I had the ball and missed a long 3 after about two because I figured we might get to keep the points if we got them before the referee noticed our 6 players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its kind of a joke now between my coach and I, that with six players on the court, the best shot we got was a long three from me (not one of our top shooters). But in all seriousness what would the results have been if I had made the shot before the refs noticed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This was an NCAA game)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1226" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-28T17:56:03.580" LastActivityDate="2024-01-20T17:11:44.330" Title="too many players on the court" Tags="|rules|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2445" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-26T19:37:25.293" Score="5" ViewCount="224" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend just explained the 'stand your ground' rule in handball where, on hitting the ball, you are allowed to stand where you are and have no obligation to get out of the way of your opponent.  He said it was the same in racquetball but I'm pretty sure you actually are obligated to get out of the way if needed.  The official rules seemed to support my understanding but it's not clear enough.  Which is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1227" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T15:28:43.040" Title="Does Racquetball have a stand your ground rule?" Tags="|rules|racquetball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-26T20:02:35.693" Score="-2" ViewCount="791" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how this came up, but there was some discussion as to whether or not is it acceptable to refer to 'The Blues' as St. Louis hockey team's nickname? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically: &quot;is it acceptable for the word 'nickname' to refer to the phrase 'The Blues'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Blues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Blues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blues.nhl.com/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://blues.nhl.com/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1228" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-03-26T21:53:54.530" LastActivityDate="2013-03-27T03:08:51.553" Title="Is &quot;The Blues&quot; a nickname for the St. Louis Blues" Tags="|history|terminology|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2013-03-28T17:56:34.300" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2446" CreationDate="2013-03-27T03:08:51.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the question being asked here is more of the form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given a Sports Team Name of the form - 'Location Name' + 'X' (e.g. St. Louis Blues, L.A. Lakers, Miami Marlins), is it appropriate to refer the component of the name represented by 'X' as a 'nickname.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would be inclined to say no as a 'nickname' implies that it is a shorthand for a 'formal name.' (e.g. Jim instead of James.)  The name of the NHL Hockey Team in St. Louis is not anything other than &quot;The Blues,&quot; though nicknames for that exist.  In fact, the only team I can think of more known by a nickname than their real name is the Knicks (Knickerbockers.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for a word or phrase to identify that specific part of the name, the only two options I can come up with are simply &quot;team name&quot; or &quot;brand.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2013-03-27T03:08:51.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2451" CreationDate="2013-03-27T18:59:19.033" Score="6" ViewCount="3690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning to skateboard and one of the problems I am having is that whenever I try to push off using long, smooth strokes, my board slips from underneath me and causes me to do the splits ( a painful event for a non-acrobat, as you'd imagine ). Is there a particular way to lean onto the board which will give me better stability when pushing off and therefore stop this from happening? Many thanks, Erkling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1232" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-01T14:54:01.070" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T15:26:40.673" Title="Skateboard slips from underneath me when doing smoother push offs" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2013-03-27T20:45:44.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually the exact same effect that makes a car burn out. Just instead of being stuck with spinning wheels, you're board is taking off leaving you to do the splits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's happening is actually the result of a combination of forces and differences in static and dynamic coefficients of friction between the board and your foot and between the wheels and the pavement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To solve this you have some options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stick to using shorter pushes and don't change anything with your wheels or grip tape or stance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;choose a stance that increases the contact of your foot with the board in the direction it's slipping. make sure your foot is long ways on the board so that you have the maximum amount of friction against the direction of motion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make sure you are bearing down on the board hard. The reason that the chassis of a car doesn't take off during a burnout is that it's attached to the heavy body of the car. Increase the pressure you are putting on the board with your board foot during a push off.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Change the combination of grip tape and shoe grip you are using. Not sure how to advise here, but it's a potential issue and one to look at if the first two solutions &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The last thing to check is whether or not you need different wheels for the surface your riding, a skate shop pro can help you make a good decision on that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a skill that you can definitely learn, and getting your technique right is the first step. Turn that foot so the to is pointed in the direction of the board and bear down. If that doesn't work start exploring whether you can find a hardware solution that helps you solve it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-03-27T20:45:44.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2444" CreationDate="2013-03-28T16:06:10.557" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This will be incredibly dependent on the league you are in, so the best thing to do is ask the refs in your league.&lt;/strong&gt; However, my guess is that they'd follow similar guidelines as the NBA or NCAA, so I'll look at both of those below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, the refs should have called a technical on your team regardless of whether you made the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For NCAA, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_many_men#Basketball&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[C]ollegiate basketball (both men's and women's) limit teams to five players on the court at any one time. A team with more than five in play at once is assessed a technical foul for Too Many Players on the Court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.naia.org/fls/27900/1NAIA/resources/sid/Rule%20Books/BASKETR.pdf&quot;&gt;NCAA rules&lt;/a&gt;, the technical would have resulted in &quot;two free throws... be[ing] awarded to any member of the offended team&quot; (page 103). I can't find anything specific on whether you'd keep the points in the NCAA, but fortunately the NBA is much clearer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mediacentral.nba.com/media/mediacentral/Official-NBA-Rule-Book.pdf&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, section VII.E addresses too many men on field specifically (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball is put into play and remains in play with one team having six or more players on the court, a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul will be assessed on the team with too many players. &lt;em&gt;Immediately following the free throw awarded for the technical foul, the team with the correct number of players will instruct the Crew Chief to&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;resume play from the point in time when the technical foul was assessed&lt;/strong&gt;, under the&#xA;  same conditions as would have prevailed had there been no error with a throw-in,&#xA;  jump ball or foul shot, as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nullify all play that occurred from the point in time when the ball was put into play&#xA;  with one team having six or more players on the court and ending when the technical&#xA;  foul was assessed&lt;/strong&gt;, and reset the game and shot clock to the point in time when the&#xA;  ball was put into play, and if the ball was put into play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a throw-in, the ball shall be returned to the original throw-in spot with all privileges&#xA;  remaining, if any, or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a missed free throw that remained in play, a jump ball shall be held at center&#xA;  court between any two players in the game, or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a jump ball, the ball shall be returned to the original jump ball spot and a jump&#xA;  ball held with the same two players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: Acts of unsportsmanlike conduct and all flagrant fouls, and points scored&#xA;  from any resulting free throws, shall not be nullified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Other errors involving the wrong number of players at the start of play, four or less,&#xA;  are not correctable. Following the technical foul, play shall resume from the point-of-interruption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under NBA rules, if you had made the shot, the offended team probably would have opted for option 2 and nullified all game play that occurred when your team had 6 players on the court, including your basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA rulebook, Rule 10, Section 2 (Administrative Technical Fouls), Article 6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Art. 6. A team shall not have more than five players legally on the playing court&#xA;  to participate after the ball becomes live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PENALTY: (Art. 6) Penalized when the violation occurs after the ball&#xA;  becomes live. Two free throws awarded to the offended team.&#xA;  The ball shall be put back in play at the point of interruption.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Point of Interruption is when &quot;a stoppage in play occurs,&quot; I would interpret this to mean that you would keep the points if you made the shot before the technical was called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2013-03-28T17:15:21.893" LastActivityDate="2013-03-28T17:15:21.893" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2543" CreationDate="2013-03-28T19:41:51.397" Score="6" ViewCount="1732" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a beginner in alpine skiing. It means I can ski parallel and now am trying to increase my speed plus avoiding awkward mistakes in turnings. I want to begin skiing in natural slops and off-piste. Since now I used narrow and very light skis in pistes and now need to choose appropriate skis for off-pistes. Can you describe differences between the equipments which I have to choose for these two different reasons if there is any? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1098" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T03:45:04.577" Title="What are differences between off-piste alpine skiing equimpments and in piste equipments?" Tags="|equipment|skiing|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-03T13:17:59.810" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2564" CreationDate="2013-03-28T22:15:02.933" Score="6" ViewCount="2556" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the &lt;strong&gt;red zone&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rugby&lt;/a&gt; (or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;American football&lt;/a&gt;) and how did it get the name &lt;strong&gt;red zone&lt;/strong&gt;? I couldn't see anything mentioned about this in the Wikipedia page for both games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2013-04-23T15:24:12.733" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T05:42:28.563" Title="What is the red zone in rugby (or American football) and how did it get that name?" Tags="|american-football|history|terminology|rugby|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2457" CreationDate="2013-03-29T04:29:27.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rugby_league_terms#R&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; defines red zone as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The area between each goal line and their respective 20 metre lines, that is, their own quarter, may be referred to as the &quot;red zone&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read other terminologies of rugby and american football &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rugby_league_terms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_American_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-03-29T04:29:27.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2460" CreationDate="2013-03-29T09:19:15.843" Score="9" ViewCount="1570" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed a shortcut JE in drawsheets of some tennis tournaments. For example, it is used &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Dow_Corning_Tennis_Classic_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (for Taylor Towsend) or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_The_Oaks_Club_Challenger_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (for Kateřina Siniaková).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this shortcut mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-03-29T09:35:47.813" LastActivityDate="2013-03-29T09:35:47.813" Title="What does the shortcut JE used in tennis drawsheets mean?" Tags="|terminology|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2459" CreationDate="2013-03-29T09:32:02.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shortcut JE stands for &lt;em&gt;Junior Exempt&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the main article of both given example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can find the meaning of JE in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Dow_Corning_Tennis_Classic#Other_entrants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other entrants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following player received entry through &lt;strong&gt;Junior Exempt&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Taylor Townsend&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_The_Oaks_Club_Challenger#Other_entrants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kateřina Siniaková&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following player received entry by a &lt;strong&gt;Junior Exempt&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kateřina Siniaková&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-03-29T09:32:02.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2464" CreationDate="2013-03-29T12:33:36.727" Score="8" ViewCount="3616" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the important things in fantasy football is to make sure that your defense isn't starting against your high-scoring offensive players, especially your quarterback. For example, if you had Tom Brady and the Houston Texans' defense on your team, you wouldn't want to start the Houston defense because if Tom Brady is doing well there's a good chance Houston isn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if a similar principle applies in fantasy baseball. In my head-to-head points league, I noticed that I have multiple instances where one of my starting pitchers is pitching against one or more of my batters. I'm I going to net less points? Will the points gained by batters significantly impact the points my pitchers get, and vice versa? Ultimately, &lt;strong&gt;Is it wise for me to play my starting pitchers against my batters?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Below I've added the scoring system for my league, per Jacob G's request. I'd be happy with a more general answer, since this becomes pretty localized. But this would be my specific case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that lineups get set on Monday and cannot be changed until the following week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;**Scoring for Batting**&#xA;Categories          Settings&#xA;Singles             1 point&#xA;Doubles             2 points&#xA;Triples             3 points&#xA;Walks (Batters)     1 point&#xA;Caught Stealing     -1 point&#xA;Hit by Pitch        1 point&#xA;Home Runs           4 points&#xA;Strikeouts (Batter) -0.5 points&#xA;Runs                1 point&#xA;Runs Batted In      1 point&#xA;Stolen Bases        2 points&#xA;&#xA;**Scoring for Pitching**&#xA;Categories          Settings&#xA;Walks Issued (Pitchers) -0.75 points&#xA;Blown Saves         -3 points&#xA;Complete Games      10 points&#xA;Earned Runs         -1 point&#xA;Hits Allowed        -0.5 points&#xA;Hit Batsmen         -1 point&#xA;Innings             2 points&#xA;Strikeouts (Pitcher).5 points&#xA;Losses              -5 points&#xA;Perfect Games       50 points&#xA;Quality Starts      3 points&#xA;Saves               7 points&#xA;Shutouts            15 points&#xA;Wins                10 points&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-26T15:18:02.793" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T15:18:02.793" Title="In fantasy baseball, should I avoid playing pitchers who are starting against my batters?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|fantasy|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2462" CreationDate="2013-03-30T01:23:40.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that you should start your starters against your batters.  The impact of one batter's performance on your pitcher should be pretty minimal compared to the prospect of losing a point in a sparser stat like Wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2013-03-30T01:23:40.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2462" CreationDate="2013-03-30T16:45:53.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depended to me.  When I had Randy Johnson and Curt Schilling during their dominant period I would bench my starting batters.  With some of my weaker pitchers I would rarely play them against teams that were known great hitters like the Yankees, Red Sox, Cardinals.  For the rest I just let them play.  Worst case if your pitcher gets lit up by your batters you are probably better off having the batters in.  Pitchers usually get yanked when they start struggling, this limits your exposure with the pitchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2013-03-30T16:45:53.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2468" CreationDate="2013-03-31T02:19:07.127" Score="10" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Switch-Pitcher is pitching (Can pitch with the left or right arm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Switch-Batter is at the plate (Can bat from the left or right side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the MLB, who is forced to choose what side they are going to play from first (giving the other guy the advantage)?  And are they stuck on that side for the entire at-bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2oD8KzxS14&quot;&gt;Example Scenario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="569" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T12:26:34.073" Title="Switch-Pitcher versus Switch-Batter" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2549" CreationDate="2013-04-01T00:54:11.580" Score="2" ViewCount="2649" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's traditional for winning college basketball teams to &quot;cut down the net&quot; when they reach the Final Four. But just how many people (players, coaches, staff) are allowed to cut down the net? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, can assistant coaches cut down the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:23:27.027" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:23:27.027" Title="How many people can &quot;cut down the net&quot;?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2465" CreationDate="2013-04-01T01:34:08.020" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitcher must choose first, then the batter.  They are each allowed one change per plate appearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_pitcher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this wikipedia link&lt;/a&gt; for some background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T12:26:34.073" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T12:26:34.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2462" CreationDate="2013-04-01T01:53:25.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is moneyball.  You have statistics for all these guys.  Compute what is likely to happen and how many points that will score, and then pick the best lineup based on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In principle, it doesn't matter whether your guys are going against each other.  It only matters whether you have an alternative for a particular position that you expect to score better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-04-01T01:53:25.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2305" CreationDate="2013-04-01T13:24:34.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can 100% confirm these two as being the equal highest from 2009-2013:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2011: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnscrum.com/sixnations2011/rugby/match/114126.html&quot;&gt;Italy v France; 6-18 at 50 minutes; 22-21 (12 points)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2010: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnscrum.com/sixnations/rugby/match/94946.html&quot;&gt;Wales v Scotland; 9-21 at 40 minutes; 31-24 (12 points)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Data from 2008 and beforehand only shows the half time score and full time score, which may exclude some comebacks that are larger than this, but none exist from half time, so with the data available, the above is the record. Sometimes if you can't find a statistic, you have to work it out manually yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="1243" LastEditDate="2013-04-01T13:46:13.550" LastActivityDate="2013-04-01T13:46:13.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2204" CreationDate="2013-04-02T15:44:22.827" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basic level of fielding or batting is simpler for a newbie as it is just stopping + picking up the ball or swinging arms trying to make contact between the bat and the ball. However bowling which consists of a run-up, a leap with simultaneous swinging of arms just before releasing the ball makes is sound like a sequence straight out of a Bollywood song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like with any other sport, technique is easier learnt and mastered as kids than with an adult trying it for the first time. However, with practice, anyone can learn to bowl with a decent level of competence. The trick is in not rushing things, instead taking it one step at a time. Maybe you can follow the below steps,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make them stand at the bowling crease and throw the ball consistently at the stumps. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once they are good enough at step 1, ask them to swing their arms, ala bowling action, before releasing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once they are comfortable with step 2, make them run in with a very short run up, jump, swing arms before releasing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is imperitive that they have fun while learning it. The training drill should not be too hard and demanding that they start hating it. Break up the training drill into smaller bits and encourage them to achieve goals set by you within in the timeline. Commend them on completing each step and make them hungry to learn more and do better. Eventually, this will reflect on the field during games as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-04-02T15:44:22.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2501" CreationDate="2013-04-05T20:43:07.443" Score="3" ViewCount="12163" Body="&lt;p&gt;College basketball has two primary &quot;player of the year&quot; awards: the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.woodenaward.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wooden Award&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.naismithawards.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Naismith Award&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wooden Award is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.woodenaward.com/?page_id=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;presented annually to the outstanding collegiate basketball Player of the Year.&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Naismith Award is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.naismithawards.com/History/HistoryofNaismithTrophy.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;awarded annually to the women's and men's college basketball players of the year.&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between the Wooden Award and the Naismith Award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-06T04:45:30.360" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T12:19:14.603" Title="What are the differences between the Wooden Award and the Naismith Award?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2476" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-04-06T04:48:08.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag can be used for awards that are won in/for any sport. This tag can also be used for awards (annual, monthly or game-wise) given for each sport...an individual award/trophy/medal or a team award/trophy/medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-18T15:33:45.937" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T15:33:45.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2477" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-04-06T04:48:08.993" Score="0" Body="Questions about awards, medals and trophies that are won in/for any sport." OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T12:37:29.870" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T12:37:29.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-07T01:24:55.803" Score="14" ViewCount="35150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking for some clarification on this situation that came up today:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one out and a runner on first base (R1).  The batter hits a fly ball in the infield.  The first baseman (1st) makes an attempt to catch the ball and it drops out of his glove.  1st picks the ball up and tags the batter/runner out as he runs up the first base line (before he touches first base).  The batter/runner was called out, R1 stayed on first and we continued play with two outs now.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the correct call?  There was a lot of discussion as to whether R1 is still forced to second base on this play (allowing someone to tag him for a double play) or can R1 stay put on first base (as was allowed in our case)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know rule 7.03 b states : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a runner is forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner and two runners are touching a base to which the following runner is forced, the following runner is entitled to the base and the preceding runner shall be out when tagged or when a fielder possesses the ball and touches the base to which such preceding runner is forced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our situation is slightly different as the batter/runner never made it to first base before being tagged out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the correct call made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1260" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-25T12:46:00.240" LastActivityDate="2017-08-25T12:46:00.240" Title="Is the runner on first forced to run?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2480" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2481" CreationDate="2013-04-07T09:15:56.293" Score="7" ViewCount="1296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a scenario where a fielder is chasing a ball that is running away to the boundary. He puts in a dive, gets a hand to the ball but it runs over the boundary ropes. The umpire signals a boundary and 4 runs are awarded to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, consider a scenario where two fielders are chasing a ball that is running away to the boundary. The first fielder slides, stops the ball and passes it to the second fielder who throws it back to the wicket keeper. The batting side is only awarded the number of runs that they run between the wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is based on this third scenario. Two fielders are running behind the ball. The first slides, stops the ball and wants to pass it to the second fielder. But his throw misses the second fielder and the ball rolls over the boundary ropes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many runs will the batting side be awarded in this scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-07T09:33:52.877" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T09:33:52.877" Title="Is it a boundary or overthrows?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2480" CreationDate="2013-04-07T09:15:56.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though in both, the first and third scenario's, the ball comes off the fielder's hand and goes to the boundary, they are treated differently. This is because in the first scenario, the fielder never had control of the ball that he was trying to stop where as in the third, the fielder had total control of the ball before he chose to throw it to this teammate. Therefore, these two cases are treated differently when it comes to runs awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries,1355,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.7&lt;/a&gt; states that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overthrow or wilful act of fielder&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the boundary results from an overthrow or from the wilful act of a fielder the runs scored shall be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) any runs for penalties awarded to either side and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) the allowance for the boundary and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) the runs completed by the batsmen, together with the run in progress if they had already crossed at the instant of the throw or act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third scenario of the question is treated as &lt;strong&gt;overthrows&lt;/strong&gt; and the batsman will be awarded the combined runs of scenario 1 and scenario 2. In effect, he will score the number of runs run between the wickets plus a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T09:15:56.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2482" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2483" CreationDate="2013-04-07T09:33:28.310" Score="6" ViewCount="1774" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the third scenario asked in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2480/is-it-a-boundary-or-overthrows/2481#2481&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, where it has been established that the throw by the first fielder is overthrows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two fielders are running behind the ball. The first slides, stops the ball and wants to pass it to the second fielder. But his throw misses the second fielder and the ball rolls over the boundary ropes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the throw by the first fielder goes directly over the boundary ropes instead of rolling over, how many overthrow runs are given to the batting side? Is it 4 or are 6 runs given as the throw does not touch any part of the playing surface before getting grounded? Also, is there any instance of where a fielder has thrown (overthrows) a ball directly over the boundary ropes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T13:25:40.813" Title="Are these overthrows 4 or 6?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2482" CreationDate="2013-04-07T09:53:09.763" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the first part, it will be always a 4 since the ball has already touched the ground after leaving the bat. It doesn't matter if the fielder has thrown the ball above the boundary ropes instead of rolling over. If the ball never touched the ground and fielder throws it over the rope, it will be a 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the allowances for boundaries &lt;strong&gt;shall be 6 runs if the ball having been&#xA;  struck by the bat&lt;/strong&gt; pitches beyond the boundary, but otherwise 4 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second part, I am not sure if any fielder has purposefully thrown the ball above boundary rope but I have seen in many matches that while trying to take a catch, the ball bounces from the fielder's hand and goes over the rope which is called as a 6. This has happened in a recent match of RR vs DD in IPL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-05-20T13:25:40.813" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T13:25:40.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2494" CreationDate="2013-04-07T10:07:38.997" Score="4" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;In several forms of football (and probably other sports) there are standard variants of the game using a reduced number of players. For instance Rugby Union and Rugby League 7s (normally played by 15 and 13 a side respectively). Soccer also has futsal (5 a side instead of 11). In some of the above cases the field is a different size in others it remains the same but in all cases there are changes in the rules in addition to the reduced number of players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is whether there is a similar variant for Australian Rules Football? I do know junior leagues play with less players on smaller fields but that is a somewhat different thing to a 'senior' game just played with less players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-04-07T22:22:39.400" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T15:48:22.993" Title="Is there a standard reduced numbers version of Australian Rules Football?" Tags="|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2488" CreationDate="2013-04-07T14:15:36.797" Score="8" ViewCount="598" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I go climbing indoors I typically wear my climbing shoes without socks because this gives me slightly better control over my feet while climbing which I particularly need in overhangs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that my feet get sweaty and after climbing, the shoes don't smell good. I want to know the best way to clean the inside of my shoes such that the smell disappears. I have tried soaking them in water which helped a bit, but not enough. I am afraid to try soap or other cleaners because it might destroy the fabric or the glue of my shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody give me some advice how to clean my climbing shoes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T16:05:23.657" LastActivityDate="2013-08-07T06:03:47.030" Title="How to get rid of the smell from indoor climbing shoes?" Tags="|equipment|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2013-04-07T18:48:03.977" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say there's a runner on 3rd with less than 2 outs. The game is tied and it's the bottom of the last inning.  A deep flyball is hit towards the RF or LF line. If the fielder catches the ball, he'll have no chance to throw the runner out at the plate. If the umpire signals foul first, the fielder can let it drop, since the play will be dead and the runner can't advance.  In this situation, it's clearly important for the fielder to know whether it's fair or foul before he decides whether to catch the ball or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1263" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T18:48:03.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2487" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2510" CreationDate="2013-04-07T21:52:15.487" Score="7" ViewCount="1713" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football (soccer) by comparison to many other sports has very little in the way of personal player statistics. This is particularly true for defenders, who don't even have the number of goals scored as a potential comparison statistic. How then are players compared? How do fans, commentators and managers agree on the players that are playing well and those that are not? For many other sports, even if you didn't watch a game, reviewing the stats will give you a fair indication of the players that did well or poorly in that game. This doesn't seem possible for Football, which means you need to watch every single game in order to judge who is doing well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I mistaken? Are there useful statistics that can be used to compare players? If not, how is this normally achieved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T11:17:43.757" Title="How are football players objectively rated?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2485" CreationDate="2013-04-07T23:01:53.127" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try dusting the inside of the shoes (or outsides of your feet) with chalk (or talcum powder) before using them to soak up some of the sweat, which can then we wiped out with a slightly damp cloth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are various commercial products you can get to soak up shoe smell while shoes are being stored (not climbing shoe specific). These are usually in the form of an inner sole with some kind of absorbent material inside. You could probably achieve a similar result using bi-carb soda. Try putting a few tablespoons full inside a small cotton bag and insert into the show while not in use. The bag should let air in (so the bi-carb can soak up the smell) while stopping the bi-carb from getting into your shoe.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T23:01:53.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2490" CreationDate="2013-04-08T05:52:29.947" Score="7" ViewCount="59389" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is quite normal in international cricket matches(Test/ODI/T20) that players are having a particular Jersey number assigned to them. Some of the famous players such as Ricky Ponting always wears number 14, while Sachin Tendulkar wears number 10. So the question is who assigns these numbers and on what basis are these allocated? Is it on first come first serve basis? Are there some procedure followed for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5qfkt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/coA95.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rbeAo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:51:16.937" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T15:45:47.433" Title="How are jersey numbers assigned in Cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|uniform|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2013-04-08T06:16:15.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no standard system, probably because the use of jersey numbers is a relatively new phenomenon in cricket, so there is no history upon which conventions have been built. As you suggest, big name players typically get to wear whatever they like another example being Shane Warne who always wears 23, the same as Michael Jordan wore in Basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T06:16:15.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2487" CreationDate="2013-04-08T14:25:11.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football is a game with a constant flow of play. There are no technical stops, unless a foul is commited or the ball get out of bounds. So what type of statistics can you look for?? the number of times a defender take a throw out?? the number of tackles he makes???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of things that happens on the pitch that can't be counted. Imagine a play between a big team (brasil, argentina, spain) and a very little one (faroe island). On a normal day, it will be a huge difference to the big ones. So a central defender can be lucky to have 1 or 2 tackles and maybe 1 or 2 headers.. So statistics are uselles in this case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine the opposite.. The small team defender statistics can be huge. He can have maybe 20 tackles, 25 headers out of their box, and his team still lost 6-0... so How's better on that case??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of others things that can happen on the pitch. Maybe the defender never touch the ball, but he cover a player of the other team all the game, and prevented the attacker to even touch a ball. His statistics are still poor, but his play was perfect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine another player. His statistics are poor enough to make you think he is a bad player, but when paired with another one, he plays perfect, covering the holes and making the other player look better.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is a team game, and some times, teams performs a lot better that players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is a tactical game, and a lot of things that happens on the pitch can't be measured. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T14:25:11.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2498" CreationDate="2013-04-09T15:28:18.613" Score="7" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was listening to the radio, this morning, and heard that the Rick Pitino, the head coach of Louisville, wanted to bring his team to New Orleans. He wanted the whole team to support the Louisville's women's basketball team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jay Bilas had mentioned that NCAA rules prohibit them from supporting their team. The reason or intent of this would to circumvent universities or colleges for providing players compensatory benefits for winning a championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an &lt;a href=&quot;http://saas.usc.edu/files/2012/08/NCAA-2011-12-Manual.pdf&quot;&gt;official rule&lt;/a&gt; that states that this is indeed true? If so, where does it specifically say so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-09T15:47:21.087" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T16:04:04.920" Title="Rules against celebratory compensation in the ncaa" Tags="|rules|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2484" CreationDate="2013-04-09T15:48:22.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Standardised? No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For anything as low as twelve players per team, the rules as they stand work pretty well, although a smaller field may be preferable. For less than twelve players there would definitely need to be some re-working of the rules, but I've never seen any commonly used rules for smaller teams apart from the rules as they stand normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T15:48:22.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-04-09T15:55:24.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything in the rules to back this up, but I believe the call was correct. If R1 was to start running to second just before the batter got to first, and the batter was tagged, then the batter would be out. If the batter hasn't gotten to first yet, there's still the possibility that R1 could start running, and R1 could theoretically make it safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, this is just a player trying to grab a base when there wasn't enough time, the player on the base they were running to realising that they wouldn't make it and not bothering, and the active player getting out. The correct decision was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T15:55:24.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2457" CreationDate="2013-04-09T16:01:41.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia (as linked by Orangecrush)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The area is not literally colored red and the term is used mainly for statistical purposes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, the etymology is that they needed a name, and &quot;red zone&quot; sounded cool. Nothing particularly special or notable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T16:01:41.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2493" CreationDate="2013-04-09T19:56:38.787" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/D110.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA 16.11.1.1 General Rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Receipt of a benefit (including otherwise prohibited extra benefits per Bylaw 16.11.2) by &#xA;  student-athletes, their relatives or friends is not a violation of NCAA rules if it is demonstrated &lt;em&gt;that the same benefit is &#xA;  generally available to the institution’s students and their relatives or friends.&lt;/em&gt; (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because attending game would include travel, lodging, tickets, etc. that weren't readily available to the general students, it became a violation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players' travel, lodging, food, etc. can be provided by the school if it directly correlates with the athletic event the team is participating in.  Since the team wasn't participating, benefits couldn't be provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an FYI, given the circumstances the NCAA did grant an exception to this that would've allowed U of Louisville to pay for the team's expenses to travel to this event.  However, the team had already made arrangements to travel home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="650" LastEditDate="2013-04-10T16:04:04.920" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T16:04:04.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2487" CreationDate="2013-04-09T20:05:56.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To expand on gbianchi's answer, it's often typical in team sports to rate a defensive player on the offensive proficiency of the person he is covering.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rating a defensive player on goals scored, tackles, and headers might not really be indicative of how well he is playing.  If Lionel Messi comes into a game averaging 4 shots/game and has 0, that is a good indication of how well the defender was playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of analysis obviously requires some amount of knowledge about the opposing players, but from my experience, the type of people who care about rating defenders are the ones who follow the game pretty well.  Nonchalant fans are the ones who are watching the ball the whole time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T20:05:56.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2503" CreationDate="2013-04-10T09:30:33.443" Score="10" ViewCount="47469" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the runs scored in a super over by two teams were level, how will the winning side be determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. Team A scored 10 runs in 6 balls and Team B scored 10 runs in 5/6 balls with two wickets lost; what will they do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will they go for another super over? If so, how many times will they keep going for another super over while they all result in ties?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T07:58:57.747" LastActivityDate="2023-03-23T19:53:40.257" Title="Super over for super over" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2475" CreationDate="2013-04-10T12:19:14.603" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both awards represent the same thing: Player of the Year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference lies in who gives out the award. The John R. Wooden award is handed out by the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The Naismith College Player of the Year award is given by the Atlanta Tipoff Club. There are plenty more awards with similar titles. The Associated Press College Basketball Player of the Year award (voted on by the AP themselves), The Adolph F. Rupp Trophy (given by the Commonwealth Athletic Club of Kentucky), the NABC (National Association of Basketball Coaches) award, and the Oscar Robertson Trophy (given by the United States Basketball Writers Association).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these trophies/awards symbolize the same thing, but are awarded by different entities. Therein lies your difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1269" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T12:19:14.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2500" CreationDate="2013-04-10T12:27:48.920" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the rule if the runs scored by two teams in Super Over is equal...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of the teams having the same score after super over has&#xA;  been completed, the team that hit the most number of sixes combined&#xA;  from its two innings in both the main match and the super over shall&#xA;  be the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the number sixes hit by both teams is equal, the team whose batsmen&#xA;  score the most number fours in its two innings (main innings + super&#xA;  over) will be the match winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Over#Rules&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reference 1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itsonlycricket.com/entry/1111/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reference 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T12:27:48.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2500" CreationDate="2013-04-10T12:44:54.347" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Super over&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;one over eliminator&lt;/code&gt; is used when both the teams end up on the same score at the end of a T20 game. This is similar to a penalty shootout in football or a tie-breaker in tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both team captains have to give a list of three batsmen and a bowler from their team to the umpire. These 4 players from each team will participate in the super over. The chasing team at the end of the T20 game will bat first in the super-over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;In case of a tie at the end of a super over, will they go for another super over?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, another super over will not be played. Instead the winner will be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the team that has scored the most boundaries in the match (main match + super over).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the above is still a tie, the team that has scored the most boundaries in the match (main match only).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If still equal, a count-back from the final ball of the one over eliminator shall be &#xA;conducted. The team with the higher scoring delivery shall be the winner. If a team &#xA;loses two wickets during its over, then any unbowled deliveries will be counted as &#xA;dot balls. Note that for this purpose, the runs scored from a delivery is defined as &#xA;the total team runs scored since the completion of the previous legitimate ball, i.e &#xA;including any runs resulting from wides, no ball or penalty runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Example: Assuming that the game has ended in a tie and goes to a super over. Both teams end up on 15 runs in the super over. If the number of boundaries in the game and the super over for both teams are the same, then the third tie-break is applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+------------------+--------+--------+    &#xA;| RUNS SCORED FROM | TEAM 1 | TEAM 2 |    &#xA;+------------------+--------+--------+    &#xA;|     Ball 6       |   1    |   1    |    &#xA;|     Ball 5       |   2    |   2    |    &#xA;|     Ball 4       |   6    |   4    |    &#xA;|     Ball 3       |   4    |   6    |    &#xA;|     Ball 2       |   1    |   W    |    &#xA;|     Ball 1       |   1    |   2    |    &#xA;+------------------+--------+--------+    &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this example both teams scored an equal number of runs from the 6th and &#xA;  5th ball of their innings. However team 1 scored 6 runs from its 4th ball while &#xA;  team 2 scored only 4 runs, so &lt;strong&gt;team 1 is the winner&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source&lt;/em&gt;:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699332977_153.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Appendix 7.14&lt;/a&gt; in ICC's T20I Playing Condition Handbook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first time a tie-breaker at the end of the super over was applied was when &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/sports/05/06/aussies-take-bizarre-win-over-title-holders/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australia defeated England&lt;/a&gt; in the Women’s World Twenty20 game by the virtue of having hit more sixes than England during the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T09:22:17.273" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T09:22:17.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-04-10T15:26:55.997" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that rule 7.08e is the key here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e) He fails to reach the next base before a fielder tags him or the&#xA;  base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the batter&#xA;  becoming a runner. However, if a following runner is put out on a&#xA;  force play, the force is removed and the runner must be tagged to be&#xA;  put out. The force is removed as soon as the runner touches the base&#xA;  to which he is forced to advance, and if he overslides or overruns the&#xA;  base, the runner must be tagged to be put out. However, if the forced&#xA;  runner, after touching the next base, retreats for any reason towards&#xA;  the base he had last occupied, the force play is reinstated, and he&#xA;  can again be put out if the defense tags the base to which he is&#xA;  forced;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I interpret that is saying the force to second base is removed as soon as the preceding/following runner is tagged out.  Therefore the lead runner is no longer in a force situation and may return to (or stay on, in this case) their previously occupied base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="246" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T15:26:55.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-04-10T18:07:15.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My original answer was incorrect. Matt's application of rule 7.08e is correct; once the force is removed by tagging out the batter (the following runner), R1 is safe on either first or second and is not required to advance. It's a tricky situation all around, but R1 basically made the right call by standing on first; 1B would have to both muff the catch and let the batter reach on error to force R1 to advance to second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If R1 had left the base and headed to second, that opens up a couple of DP scenarios; 1B could have caught the ball and tagged R1 returning to first, or could have muffed, tagged the batter, then thrown to second for a tagout or pickling of R1. If the basemen have some real cannons or the batter had given up halfway to first, 1B could have made it a force play at second and then forced out the batter back at first, but in amateur baseball pretty much any other scenario is more likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-04-10T18:31:29.330" LastActivityDate="2013-04-10T18:31:29.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2330" CreationDate="2013-04-10T20:19:25.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Livestrong has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/67597-compression-shorts-work/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;great page&lt;/a&gt; that illustrates a lot of points and references medical studies to support it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some key points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;limits extra muscle motion, or &quot;oscillation&quot; ... [which] reduces the amount of energy you are expending&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;assist[s] the hamstrings in controlling leg movement at the end of the swing phase ... delay[s] muscle soreness by compressing the muscle tissue enough so that less damage occurs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;reduces impact force to muscles by 27 percent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;increases the amount of lactate retained in muscles and thus reduces the amount that is  released into the blood&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Compression from the shorts may protect against a venous thrombosis&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Compression shorts may help cool the body by wicking sweat from the body and allowing it to disperse faster&#xA;  Take a look at the page for more details.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a personal opinion standpoint, I find that the shorts also offer much needed support for the man-specific area.  :)  I can't say that I've ever experienced any negative side-effects from using compression gear.  If the gear is too tight and worn for a prolonged period of time I'm sure it can cause damage, but that would fall under misuse and isn't really a side-effect of the compression material.  I've worn compression sleeves for shin splints for an entire day/night and didn't see any negative impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why they are banned, I can only speculate.  There is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ecompressionshorts.com/the-difference-between-compression-shorts-and-bike-shorts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;difference&lt;/a&gt; between bike shorts and compression shorts, the most important being the padding (try biking 50+ miles without it, you'll understand).  Because of the &quot;scientifically proven&quot; advantage that compression gear can give, they are probably banning it to keep the race as natural as possible, similar to bans on items in most sports.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-11T01:34:33.033" LastActivityDate="2013-04-11T01:34:33.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1175" CreationDate="2013-04-10T20:26:07.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is similar to my answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2330/what-are-the-side-effects-drawbacks-of-compression-apparel/2508#2508&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; but I felt that it was also appropriate here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Livestrong has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/67597-compression-shorts-work/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;great page&lt;/a&gt; that illustrates a lot of points and references medical studies to support it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some key points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;limits extra muscle motion, or &quot;oscillation&quot; ... [which] reduces the amount of energy you are expending&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;assist[s] the hamstrings in controlling leg movement at the end of the swing phase ... delay[s] muscle soreness by compressing the muscle tissue enough so that less damage occurs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;reduces impact force to muscles by 27 percent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;increases the amount of lactate retained in muscles and thus reduces the amount that is  released into the blood&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Compression from the shorts may protect against a venous thrombosis&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Compression shorts may help cool the body by wicking sweat from the body and allowing it to disperse faster&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at the page for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a personal opinion standpoint, I've found that I personally perform much better (running and soccer are the main events I use compression). The shorts also offer much needed support for the man-specific area.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, I use compression sleeves for my calves.  I suffered from shins splints and the compression sleeves seemed to almost completely alleviate the shin splints when I would run.  I've spoken with therapists about this and the reason I was given was because the compression sleeves keep the muscle attached to the bone during running (shin splints are micro tears of the muscle away from the bone). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-04-11T01:31:28.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2487" CreationDate="2013-04-11T13:48:14.053" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;gbianchi has mentioned some of the major reasons why football doesn't offer as many personal stats as other sports may. I will try to recap some of these, add a couple of my own, and finish it off with some of the useful stats commonly used for defenders in order to address the example in the OP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reasons why personal stats might not be as common in football compared to other team sports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Football is more of a team sport than many others (compared to hockey, basketball, handball etc). There are 11 players on field, who &lt;strong&gt;have to&lt;/strong&gt; cooperate flawlessly for a good game. Each one individual's performance is only 1/11 of the team performance, essentially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lately both football authorities and media have been pumping up the Messi/Ronaldo battle because it sells. Not many people talk about the well-oiled machinery that is Barcelona that takes Messi's game to the level where he can perform football miracles. In short, if Messi appears to take down a team on his own, it's likely due to the rest of the team creating the opportunities for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;While the number of players on the pitch is an important bit of the equation, there are other sports (e.g. american football and rugby) where comparable number of players are on the pitch. But then again in those sports different players have &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; defined roles. An offensive linesman is likely to not touch the ball very often, doesn't need to train passing or receiving a pass. That's not the case in football; if a center back can't pass or receive a pass properly well that team's likely to have serious problems. Bottom line, football is a sport where all players (possibly with the exception of the goalkeeper) need to be proficient in all aspects of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Personal statistics do not mean much in a sport where the better performing team might lose anyways. Assume team A has better ball possession, better passing, more corners/shots... But team B scores on a corner and win the game. 1 missed tackle for a defender will essentially ruin the game for team A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Especially defense in football is a group work. The most common formations in football employ a 4-man defensive line, and their co-operation and co-ordination is crucial. Typical scenario is a center back is playing a great game, but the fullback does not follow the defensive line up when they attempt an offside trap. All of a sudden there is a huge gap in defense and a cross ball will leave the attacker 1-on-1 with the goalie. There is no statistical way to express that situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those being said, I want to give some stats that are actually used for defenders:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;clean sheets: the number of games where the team did not concede, while the player in question was playing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tackles made/attempted: self-explanatory&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;yellow/red cards: defenders tend to get &amp;quot;necessary&amp;quot; cards in times of &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt;, a defender that can minimize these is a good defender&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goals scored: believe it or not, center backs could be a viable source of goals from set pieces. Any fantasy football fan would tell you who to get if you want bonus points from time to time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;assists: full/wing-backs might be an important part of the team offensive e.g. Patrice Evra, Dani Alves...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;passing %: number of missed passes could be a good indicator for how reliable a center back is.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-04-11T13:48:14.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2512" CreationDate="2013-04-11T23:26:28.160" Score="7" ViewCount="2265" Body="&lt;p&gt;When playing doubles squash, what are the rules that vary from the singles rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do players in the team have to hit the ball alternately, or can either player hit the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does a team have to elect a server or can either player serve or does it alternate wthin the team?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="695" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T18:01:57.097" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T13:58:18.207" Title="How do doubles squash rules vary from singles rules?" Tags="|rules|officiating|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2511" CreationDate="2013-04-12T01:51:27.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ussquash.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Squash-Doubles-Playing-Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Doubles Squash rules&lt;/a&gt;: (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The two partners of a side shall serve in succession, the first&#xA;  retaining his serve until his side has lost  a point. &lt;strong&gt;On the loss of a&#xA;  subsequent point the side shall be declared &lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt; and the serve&#xA;  revert to the  opponents. On the first serve of every game, however,&#xA;  the &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; side shall be declared &lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt; after it has lost one  point&#xA;  only&lt;/strong&gt;. The order of serving within a side shall not be changed during&#xA;  the progress of a game. At the end of  a game the side which has won&#xA;  the game shall have the choice of serving or receiving to commence the&#xA;  next  game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) At the beginning of each game each side shall designate one of its&#xA;  players to receive service in the right hand service court and the&#xA;  other to receive service in the left hand service court and throughout&#xA;  the course of  such game the service must be received by the players&#xA;  so designated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer this question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do players in the team have to hit the ball alternately, or can either player hit the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have to hit it alternately for serving and while receiving, the person who is assigned the right hand service court should return those hits and the other person show return hits on left hand service court. This shouldn't be changed through out the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does a team have to elect a server or can either player serve or does it alternate within the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is alternate within a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details on other aspects of game, you can check the above link which I mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-31T13:58:18.207" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T13:58:18.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2013-04-12T10:28:31.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There some facts or rumors about those jersey numbers as well some people suggest that every number has its special meaning in Numerology such as number 10 means &lt;strong&gt;PERFECT&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;As a part of cricket is taken in mind these numbers are chosen by the big cricketing stars by their own just like 333 for Chris Gayle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="786" LastEditDate="2013-04-12T11:47:38.700" LastActivityDate="2013-04-12T11:47:38.700" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2520" CreationDate="2013-04-13T07:48:29.347" Score="12" ViewCount="7810" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the current era of cricket, we see batsmen using switch hits to play a ball. That is, while playing a ball they change their batting side (left to right handed and vice versa) just before the ball comes to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, can a bowler bowl a switch ball? Meaning, can a left hand bowler bowl right handed to a batsman? If it is not permitted, then is it not unfair to the bowlers that batsmen can change their batting style but not the bowlers? Or are there are any rules against a switch hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-12-10T09:49:43.033" LastActivityDate="2021-12-10T09:49:43.033" Title="Is a &quot;switch bowling&quot; action legal in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-04-13T10:37:17.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ICC has opined that there is nothing wrong with &lt;em&gt;switch hits&lt;/em&gt; as these are within the the laws of the game. In fact, they claim that it has made cricket more exciting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, once a bowler starts his run up, he cannot legally bowl a &lt;em&gt;switch ball&lt;/em&gt;, that is, he cannot change his bowling hand. The only way this is permitted is if the bowler informs the umpire before his run up that he is bowling with this other hand. The umpire in turn informs the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that switch hits are permitted but switch balls aren't, is a hugely debated topic. Switch hits surprise the bowlers. The fact that this surprise element is not available to the bowlers is something that doesn't go down too well with people who are against switch hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T12:58:08.980" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T12:58:08.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2519" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2540" CreationDate="2013-04-13T15:58:51.480" Score="8" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an assistant coach of a team of 7-9 year olds.  One of my players, when I offer even the smallest correction or advice, and regardless of if it being preceeded and followed up by positive reinforcement of the things they are doing well, it is taken negatively and the player responds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I know how to do it&quot; or &quot;I don't need help&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see the frustration build throughout practice and the head coach and I have talked about how we might help.  Neither of us has any experience either with this type of player or age group (other than being parents of this age group)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can we help those who actively refuse help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1238" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T07:12:28.637" Title="How do I coach those who don't want help?" Tags="|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-04-14T21:47:08.477" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be a No-Ball as dictated by Law 21, &lt;em&gt;No ball&lt;/em&gt;, of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21.1 Mode of delivery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21.1.1 The umpire shall ascertain whether the bowler intends to bowl right handed or left handed, over or round the wicket, and shall so inform the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unfair if the bowler fails to notify the umpire of a change in his mode of delivery. In this case the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the bowler has to tell the Umpire which arm they will use and which side of the wicket they will bowl from. The umpire then informs the batter. If the bowler wants to change the arm or side of the wicket they must inform the umpire first, who then relays this again to the batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T12:57:17.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2521" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-15T02:49:03.487" Score="3" ViewCount="960" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently the National Hockey League awards:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 points to a team winning (whether in regulation, overtime, or a shootout)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 point to a team losing in overtime or a shootout&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0 points to a team losing in regulation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have derived the following point system based on the NHL's:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 points to a team winning in regulation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 points to a team winning in overtime or a shootout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 point to a team losing in overtime or a shootout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0 points to a team losing in regulation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One benefit to this derived system is that it offers greater incentive to win in regulation and discourages playing defensively when tied especially in games that are significant to the standings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the advantages and disadvantages of this derived system that I've failed to consider?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1284" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-17T13:51:12.563" LastActivityDate="2013-05-17T13:51:17.110" Title="What are the advantages and disadvantages of this derived system of calculating points in hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-07-12T13:10:57.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2522" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2523" CreationDate="2013-04-15T13:39:02.123" Score="14" ViewCount="28000" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IPL, Orange and Purple caps are awarded to the highest run scorer and highest wicket taker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I have three questions on this topic.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If more than one player has equal stats (highest runs or wickets), what will they do?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player in the field is wearing orange cap for most runs, but in the middle of the innings (it may be first or second) a batsman from the batting side overtakes his runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will he allowed to wear it anymore in that innings?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I didn't see anyone wearing at the time of batting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it permitted to wear these caps while batting?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T05:00:01.773" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T09:52:41.813" Title="Rules for Orange and Purple Caps in IPL" Tags="|rules|cricket|tournaments|awards|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2013-04-15T15:35:16.277" Score="12" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In case of a tie, the &lt;em&gt;Orange&lt;/em&gt; cap would be given to the one who has faced &lt;strong&gt;lesser balls&lt;/strong&gt; to achieve this tied score. The &lt;em&gt;Purple&lt;/em&gt; cap, in case of a tie at the top, is given to the one who has taken the wickets in the &lt;strong&gt;least amount of balls&lt;/strong&gt;. This can be seen on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/stats/2013/most-wickets&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official IPL site&lt;/a&gt; Purple Cap standings 2013 (the link gets updated at the end of each game. Refer to the screenshot below for the standings as of 14th April where there is a tie) where Vinay Kumar (Royal Challengers Bangalore) and Kevon Cooper (Rajasthan Royals) have the same number of wickets but the purple cap is with Cooper as he has bowled 5 overs fewer than Kumar to get those 8 wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bQAoT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Purple Cap Standings 2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;Orange&lt;/em&gt; cap owner who is fielding will be allowed to wear the orange cap till the end of the innings even if an opposition batsman has overtaken his runs. At the end of the innings, the batsman who has overtaken the said fielder's score will be presented with the orange cap and he can wear that when he comes out to field, assuming he still is the highest scorer. A scenario where a batsman wins the orange cap in the second innings of the game may not have the orange cap when this team runs out to field the next game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wiki says that the orange and purple caps are to worn only during fielding. There is no hard and fast rule about these caps while batting. Anyways, there are very few batsmen who bat with caps these days as they almost always come out with helmets, even to spinners. So, if the orange cap holder comes out to bat with a cap, I would assume it is his prerogative to either come out wearing his team cap or the orange/purple cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T07:29:41.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2013-04-15T16:50:35.400" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If more than one player has equal stats (highest runs or wickets), what will they do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player with the better &lt;strong&gt;strike-rate&lt;/strong&gt; wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in the field is wearing orange cap for most runs, but in the middle of the innings (it may be first or second) a batsmen from the batting side overtakes his runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current highest scorer should have the &lt;strong&gt;Orange Cap .&lt;/strong&gt; In case if it is in the middle of the innings , then one has to wait till the completion of the innings .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Will he allowed to wear it anymore in that innings?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Is it permitted to wear these caps while batting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes , absolutely . The batter has to decide whether he needs a protective headgear or a cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastEditorUserId="1286" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T09:17:56.283" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T09:17:56.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2526" CreationDate="2013-04-15T17:04:16.180" Score="22" ViewCount="53262" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player commits a &lt;em&gt;direct&lt;/em&gt; free kick offence in their own penalty area, this results in a penalty kick instead of a direct free kick. However, if the offence is an &lt;em&gt;indirect&lt;/em&gt; free kick offence, it remains as an indirect free kick &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPx5AUx0zhg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;as shown here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What offences result in an indirect free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-10-01T11:08:22.620" LastActivityDate="2016-10-01T11:08:22.620" Title="Which offences result in indirect free kicks?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2525" CreationDate="2013-04-15T17:44:44.060" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inside the penalty box, an indirect free kick, instead of a penalty, will be awarded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the goalkeeper controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has touched another player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the goalkeeper handles a back pass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the goalkeeper handles the ball directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate&#xA;plays in a dangerous manner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seriousgoalkeeping.net/Tactics/FreeKicks/IndirectFreeKickInsideBox.aspx&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200994.stm&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. More details about the procedure, positions and rules about indirect free kicks can be read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290870.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T10:12:12.453" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T10:12:12.453" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2527" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-15T21:38:01.547" Score="7" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;Time and time again I see situations in football matches that would have greatly benefited one of the teams had the correct decision been made - and had the referee used the screen which would have been of no hindrance, the correct decision would have been made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Chelsea vs Man City game on Sunday, I think it was Aguero made a straight-red-worthy tackle on either Mata or Suarez (I can't remember which). The referee gave a free kick but no card as he hadn't seen the second, far more rash, part of the challenge. The rash part was clearly shown on the huge screen, which the referee saw. However, he wasn't allowed to issue the red card after seeing it - an absolutely ridiculous thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the World Cup 2010, Argentina scored a knock-out goal against Mexico, which was actually offside. The referee couldn't make the final decision based on the on-screen replay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lampard scored a goal which bounced back out, but the referee didn't allow it, even after seeing the replay, because he wasn't allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Rugby this technology is made great use of, and it makes for a far better and fairer game, with tries only being awarded if they were actually tries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why can't referees look at the video and make the decision? It would really make hardly any difference to the length of the game - perhaps it would add on an extra several minutes (3 minutes is really no problem). It just seems absolutely ridiculous, and no one I've spoken to is in favour of the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it that whoever runs the football association doesn't change this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:23:28.970" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:23:28.970" Title="Why is on-screen technology not used in football?" Tags="|football|video-review|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-04-23T17:38:01.930" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2531" CreationDate="2013-04-16T07:47:58.860" Score="-2" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if the ICC  is considering other predictive methods than orthodox Duckworth-Lewis to arrive at a result in an interrupted cricket match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:59:27.160" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:59:27.160" Title="Other predictive methods than DL" Tags="|cricket|icc|interruption|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2442" CreationDate="2013-04-16T10:35:30.980" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shot power, which can be likened to the punch of a boxer, is predominantly dependent upon one's ability to create &quot;explosive power&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explosiveness is the amount of kinetic energy that can be generated by the relevant muscles in a short space of time.  In kicking a football, the main muscles used are the quads, glutes, hamstrings and calves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To improve your power you need strong quadriceps but also the ability to generate speed and energy when straightening your leg and bringing your foot down.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to kick harder you want to do be doing a lot of squats and jumps.  Not only will you strengthen the muscles but you'll also increase your ability to generate swing speed with your legs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, don't neglect working your core.  Everything from your shoulder, abs and hips are used in stabilising your body whilst kicking too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a google search for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=explosive%20power%20drills&quot;&gt;Explosive Power Drills&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T10:35:30.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2532" CreationDate="2013-04-16T14:14:22.527" Score="7" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How much is a player fined for arguing with an Umpire? I have heard that it is a percentage of their match fees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are fines for captains different for such cases?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do umpires register allegations against players for arguing with them or does some authority decide?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="1286" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T12:11:32.353" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T12:50:44.027" Title="How much is the fine for arguing with an umpire?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2528" CreationDate="2013-04-16T14:40:22.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are not any current news for this; you will find some references like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/may/29/icc-duckworth-lewis-method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;but the case is that these are not yet officially quoted by ICC so it is hard to believe such stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/icc-decides-to-keep-duckworth-lewis-drs-jayadevan-bouncers-powerplays/20120601.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is a news article which says they are continuing with DL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well in the race of other methods the one which is considered was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayadevan%27s_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;VJD method&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as noted in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayadevan%27s_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, the ICC still uses the Duckworth-Lewis method in all international matches. The Jayadevan system has been put before the ICC in the past, but the decision was made to retain the Duckworth-Lewis method. The ICC will address the issue again at its next meeting in Dubai.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And the page was modified on 17th March 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="1277" LastEditDate="2013-08-10T08:54:00.287" LastActivityDate="2013-08-10T08:54:00.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2530" CreationDate="2013-04-16T14:47:03.513" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact amount depends on which category of violation defined under the ICC Code of Conduct the offence made by the offender falls . It is decided by the Match Referee and he presents his report about the incident after the end of each match to the ICC officials . &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/rules_and_regulations.php&quot;&gt; ICC Rule Book &lt;/a&gt; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any one of the following individuals can report an alleged offence&#xA;  under the Code of Conduct (other than Minimum Over Rate Offences - as&#xA;  to which see Appendix 2) by lodging a report in the manner described&#xA;  in Article 3.2, below (a ‘Report’):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.1.1 an Umpire that officiated in the International Match during which the alleged offence was committed;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.1.2 the Team Manager or CEO of either of the two National Cricket Federations whose representative teams participated in the&#xA;  International Match during, or in relation to which, the alleged&#xA;  offence was committed;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.1.3 the ICC’s Chief Executive Officer; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.1.4 provided it is a Level 3 Offence or Level 4 Offence that is alleged to have been committed, the Match Referee that was appointed&#xA;  to officiate in the International Match during which the alleged&#xA;  offence was committed. (For the avoidance of any doubt, the Match&#xA;  Referee is not entitled to lodge a Report in relation to an alleged&#xA;  Level 1 Offence or Level 2 Offence).`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T15:17:59.580" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T15:17:59.580" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2530" CreationDate="2013-04-16T15:27:41.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four levels of offences - level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 4. Level one is for a lesser crime whereas level four is the most serious one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arguing with an umpire about a decision can fall under level 1 or 2 depending on how aggressive or offensive the player is. Intimidation or assaulting the umpire falls under level 3 and 4. At the end of the match, the umpires file a report under which all these offences are documented. The match referee, on reading this report, sends a notification to the said player(s) and a disciplinary meeting is called where appropriate action (warning/fine/suspension) is taken against the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the frequency (over a 12 month period) and offence level, the fines vary. The fine-list can be found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699795637_343.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Article 7.3&lt;/a&gt; of the ICC Code of Conduct for players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T15:27:41.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2534" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2535" CreationDate="2013-04-17T06:14:21.713" Score="8" ViewCount="3438" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do the contribution of players in super over influence their statistics?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The runs scored, wickets taken, catches, run-outs, stumping... in super over&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will they be added to their career statistics?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will the super over be added as a separate innings?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, how are batting averages calculated? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:44:19.187" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T15:44:19.187" Title="Rules about the contribution in super over on statistics" Tags="|rules|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2534" CreationDate="2013-04-17T08:43:08.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The super over is treated like penalty shootouts in football. The goals scored during the shootout is not added to the players career goal tally. Similarly, the efforts of cricketers in the super over &lt;strong&gt;is not added&lt;/strong&gt; to their career stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batting averages are calculated on the basis of &lt;strong&gt;(runs scored / (innings - no. of not-outs))&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bowling averages are calculated on the basis of &lt;strong&gt;(runs scored off bowling / wickets taken)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here the runs and wickets are what the players score or take in the match prior to the commencement of the super over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Chris Gayle was on 4999 career T20 runs before the start of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598017.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RCB v DD&lt;/a&gt; game on 16-Apr-2013. The first ball he scored a single to move to 5000 runs. He ended up scoring 13 in that innings and 2 more in the super over. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qxrNp.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPNcricinfo&lt;/a&gt; (forgive me for my photoshopping &quot;skills&quot;) has his career runs as 5012 (4999+13) and not 5014, meaning it only considers the runs scored in the main match and not the super over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T10:08:59.010" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T10:08:59.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2536" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2537" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T09:00:55.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2539" CreationDate="2013-04-17T15:44:43.587" Score="3" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;Debut match of the player, he faces the last ball of the inning when his team requires 6 runs to win. He hits the last ball for a six, its called a no-ball by the umpire. What will be the strike rate of that player, as per statistics, after the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T17:53:25.220" Title="Infinite strike rate" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2538" CreationDate="2013-04-17T17:53:25.220" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No-ball is also included for calculating strike rate and in the above case since he has hit 6 in the no-ball, his strike rate will be 600.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/match/598019.html&quot;&gt;sample score card&lt;/a&gt; which says that the ball faced by Yagnik is 24. If you check the commentary, you can see that he has faced 24 balls out of which 2 were no balls(both of them are shown as 11.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-04-17T17:53:25.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2519" CreationDate="2013-04-17T20:49:57.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use a chart to keep track of the things your player is doing right.  Rather than focus on improving the skill with which they are currently struggling, focus positive attention on the things they already do correctly to build their self-confidence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Truthful and specific praise should be the focus, rather than telling them what to do or correcting their mistakes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ask permission:  Can I give you some advice to improve your catching? or Would you like some help?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When ready to progress, try a criticism sandwich (ALWAYS truthful and specific or don't use)&#xA; 1) You are really doing well with your throw&#xA; 2) try to remember to step forward with your left leg when you are throwing with your right arm&#xA; 3) I can tell you have been working on your weak arm.  much better!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If - Then approach: ex. If you box out your opponent, then you will make it easier for yourself to get the ball.  This is a non-critical way to offer guidance which is phrased as a suggestion and may be received more openly by your players than corrective action - especially in front of teammates/peers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The buddy system - have players work with teammates and have them focus on recognizing what the teammate is doing right and positive praise.  NO CRITICISM or CORRECTION.  The players with weaker skills will focus on what other players are doing when the look for complements and will see the coaches advise or other successful tactics working.  They may adopt these practices themselves and can have them demonstrated without the need for frustrating/embarrassing correction from the coach.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a wealth of ideas on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.positivecoach.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Positive Coaching Alliance website&lt;/a&gt; and the &quot;Talking Points&quot; and &quot;Momentum&quot; newsletters you can sign up for there, as well as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfhslearn.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFHS coaching site.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1238" LastEditorUserId="1238" LastEditDate="2013-04-18T18:15:55.900" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T18:15:55.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2456" CreationDate="2013-04-18T09:33:45.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Off-piste, you will be skiing in deeper snow. For this purpose, it is helpful to have slightly wider skis. But to be honest, it mostly depends on your skill. Skiing in deep snow is different then on-piste. &lt;strong&gt;Very&lt;/strong&gt; different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first times off-piste I went with a trainer, and the perfectly normal skis I use on-piste - which is what I recommend you to do as well for off-piste.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be warned - you will spend much time digging yourself out of the snow and trying to get up - which is a much greater challenge when the ground keeps falling away from you (as soon as you push on the snow, it gives away, so you have to use your skis as leverage to get up comfortably).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The different ski equipment aims to enhance the fun-factor of off-piste skiing, but it does not replace the different skill needed to ski off-piste.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T03:45:04.577" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T03:45:04.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2544" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2545" CreationDate="2013-04-18T09:34:08.007" Score="12" ViewCount="4412" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Three players from the batting side will be selected to bat in the&#xA;  super-over. If the batting side loses two wickets, their innings&#xA;  will end. One player from the fielding team will be selected for bowling the super over.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://iplt20wiki.com/about-super-over-super-over-in-ipl/3036/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;-iplT20wiki.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What will happen if a batsman of those three, gets injured during the super-over and can't play anymore in that over?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will the batting side be allowed to take a fourth player to bat?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What will happen if the bowler who bowled one or two balls in the&#xA;super over gets injured?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will the bowling side be allowed to take another player to bowl?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the answer is &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt; to any two questions above then &lt;strong&gt;How will the winning side be decided?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-25T07:52:09.980" LastActivityDate="2016-04-16T09:04:15.837" Title="What will happen when the batsman or bowler gets injured in super-over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|injuries|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2544" CreationDate="2013-04-18T11:43:35.083" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/about/2013/match-playing-conditions/54/appendix-7&quot;&gt;Appendix 7.5&lt;/a&gt; of the IPL playing conditions states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should any player (including the batsmen and bowler) be unable to continue to participate in the Super Over due to injury, illness or other wholly acceptable reasons, the &lt;strong&gt;relevant Laws and Playing Conditions as they apply in the main match shall also apply in the Super Over&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bowling injury:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per the normal playing conditions, the bowling captain can replace an injured bowler with another bowler of his choice. This would apply to the super-over as well and a new bowler will bowl the remaining balls of the  over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batting injury:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the super over, if one of the openers gets injured, then the third nominated batsman comes out to the middle.However, if one of the openers is already dismissed and if another batsman gets injured - it gets interesting.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;According to the rules in the main match, if a team is 9 down and a batsman gets injured, the batting team will have to bring their innings to a closure as everyone else has been dismissed. Strange as it may sound, if the same rules apply to the super-over, if a nominated batsman has been dismissed and another injured, then the team forfeits the remaining balls in the over and they end up with the then prevalent score.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699332977_153.pdf&quot;&gt;Appendix 7.6&lt;/a&gt; of ICC's T20I Playing Conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-18T11:53:45.160" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T11:53:45.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2544" CreationDate="2013-04-19T04:23:17.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the main match, the innings is over because there is no one else to come in.  In the super over, there are more players available to come in.  This discrepancy happens because in the super over the number of wickets is not the same as the number of players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-04-19T04:23:17.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2551" CreationDate="2013-04-19T06:45:45.580" Score="4" ViewCount="6553" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fair Play awards are given every year in IPL.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Generally,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is Fair Play award?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other than Cricket, in which sport is this award given?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In Cricket,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is this award given in any other tournament than IPL?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How are the points for this award calculated ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="1297" LastEditDate="2013-04-21T12:39:42.433" LastActivityDate="2013-04-21T12:39:42.433" Title="What is Fair Play Award?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|awards|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2547" CreationDate="2013-04-19T08:50:08.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IPL Fair play awards are the awards presented to the teams to encourage the players,playing the IPL, to play with the right spirit. Players often tend to be aggresive and would also sometimes go to any extent to get their way with the umpires. To discourage this attitude of the players and build the comradarie between the players of different teams, this intiative was introduced in IPL. The umpires rate the team after the match. They can give maximum of ten points. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quote from wikipedia on how points are awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team can be awarded a total of ten points per match, out of which&#xA;  four points are given on the basis of how the team has adhered to the&#xA;  &quot;spirit of the game&quot; in the opinion of the umpires. The other three&#xA;  criteria are based on the respect towards to the opposition, the laws&#xA;  of cricket and the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the looks of it, it is obvious that it is purely dependent on the umpires. &#xA;I do not think it is awarded in any other tournaments or sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastActivityDate="2013-04-19T08:50:08.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2467" CreationDate="2013-04-19T18:20:08.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't a rule stipulating who &quot;can&quot; cut down the net.  In terms of numbers, there are typically 12 connections of the net to the rim (which could be cut 24 times if they needed more).  Normally, the players on the team (up to 12 per NCAA rules) will cut off a piece of one of the connecting strings as a momento.  However, if there are honorary people who helped the team in some way, they usually are also given an opportunity to cut a piece as well (read the following article for such a case).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, the head coach cuts down the last string which brings down the net, but in the case of the 2013 NCAA championship, Louisville's Kevin Ware cut down the last 3 &quot;connections&quot; to bring down the net. (Kevin Ware had a gruesome injury during the Elite 8 and wasn't able to play in the Final Four or Championship game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether assistants or staff do/can, it's really up to the team.  This is largely a ceremonial event to celebrate the champions, so it's at their discretion.  In my experience, they typically leave it to the players and head coach to do the cutting, but others may get a piece of the net later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a matter of history, you can check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/basketball/blog/the_dagger/post/how-did-the-tradition-of-cutting-down-the-nets-begin?urn=ncaab,wp1512&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; detailing the origin of the tradition.  It wasn't always as ceremonial as it is today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="650" LastEditDate="2013-04-23T20:50:08.813" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T20:50:08.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2558" CreationDate="2013-04-19T18:31:11.820" Score="9" ViewCount="1010" Body="&lt;p&gt;My father is 67 years old and wants to start archery as a hobby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have the knowledge to select a proper bow &amp;amp; arrow (set) for him.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What should I pay attention to?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What should a beginner archery equipment include?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does this sport require some gloves or similar items?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side note:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My father had a surgery and got 3 stents for his heart attack. Would archery have a negative effect on his health? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1296" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T15:56:00.170" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T15:56:00.170" Title="Archery for 67 years old beginner" Tags="|training|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2547" CreationDate="2013-04-20T07:52:53.813" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fairplay awards are given out during each IPL year. It is sponsored by Vijay Mallya's Kingfisher brand and therefore branded as Kingfisher Fair play Awards. Chennai Superkings lead the tally in winning this the most times with three awards. Kings XI Punjab and Rajasthan Royals have won it once each and as of now, Rajasthan Royals are leading the table for this award in the current year. Points are given out by the umpires at the end of each game depending on how they perceive each team has behaved on the field. The team with the most points at the end of the group stage wins this Kingfisher Fairplay award.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football too has fairplay awards but I am not sure how they work. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket, only IPL gives out this fairplay award. Players do not care much about these awards and are more focussed on winning the IPL than this side award. So this award has very less significance and is basically to get sponsorship more than anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1297" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T07:52:53.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2013-04-20T08:23:15.940" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;See answers in points as in questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If more than one player has equal stats (highest runs or wickets), what will they do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. The player with the better strike rate will get the cap.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player in the field is wearing orange cap for most runs, but in the middle of the innings (it may be first or second) a batsman from the batting side overtakes his runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will he allowed to wear it anymore in that innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. He will be allowed to wear the cap at the end of the innings and not during it.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I didn't see anyone wearing at the time of batting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it permitted to wear these caps while batting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. He cannot wear cap while batting. Orange and Purple caps are only for fielding.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1297" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T08:23:15.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2553" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-21T04:21:14.467" Score="8" ViewCount="19900" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last ball, last wicket, 1 run required for the batting side to win the match. Bowler bowls a wide ball and the batsman gets stumped as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which team will win considering the given situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1299" LastEditorUserId="857" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T12:51:25.903" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T04:53:11.230" Title="Wide ball stumping off last ball" Tags="|rules|officiating|cricket|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2013-04-21T05:24:57.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the wide ball occurs first the batting side will win because the match is considered finished after the wide ball is delivered. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost same situation occurred in the match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2134/540&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka vs India&lt;/a&gt; where team required 1 run to win and batsman was on 99 and he hit a six but it was not considered in his account since the team was won by no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-04-21T05:33:49.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2013-04-21T05:26:28.217" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the said case, the batting side wins by 1 wicket. The last stumping will not count as the match is completed and the ball is dead as soon as the wide is bowled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know of any match that has ended in this wide-stumping scenario. But in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/engine/match/456663.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary&quot;&gt;India vs Sri Lanka&lt;/a&gt; game, India needed 1 run to win with the batsman needing 1 run to complete his century. The bowler bowls a no-ball and the batsman hits a 6. The six however does not count as the match ends as soon as the no-ball was bowled and the batsman is left stranded on 99.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;34.4&lt;/strong&gt;. Randiv to Sehwag, 1 no ball, match is over, but Sehwag has been denied the century. And this is a big no-ball, must I point out? His&#xA;  back foot was close to over-steeping, forget about the front foot.&#xA;  Anyway Sehwag smashed it for six over long-off, but they don't count&#xA;  because the game finishes at no-ball. He raises his arms, but then&#xA;  realises the century is not completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastActivityDate="2013-04-21T05:26:28.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2556" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2559" CreationDate="2013-04-22T06:07:36.297" Score="9" ViewCount="46665" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team's net run rate is calculated by deducting from the average runs&#xA;  per over scored by that team throughout the season, the average runs&#xA;  per over scored against that team throughout the season. -&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2013/engine/series/586733.html?view=pointstable&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't understand the above concept clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, provide the exact formulas(ie, explain clearly) for calculating the net runrate in IPL with authentic references(with examples).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-04-22T06:26:04.740" LastActivityDate="2021-10-08T21:27:42.510" Title="How the Net RunRate for each team is calculated in IPL?" Tags="|rules|cricket|statistics|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2556" CreationDate="2013-04-22T06:29:24.850" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The net run rate is calculated with the below formula:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;NRR = ((Total runs scored by team)/(Total overs played by team))&#xA;        -&#xA;      ((Total runs scored against team)/(Total overs played against team))&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total runs&lt;/strong&gt; -&amp;gt; This is straight forward. It is the score that a team scores (batting) and is scored against (bowling) in the whole tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total overs&lt;/strong&gt; -&amp;gt; This is the total overs played (batting) and delivered (bowling) by a team. This one has a catch though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a team is all out within the stipulated 20 overs, then the overs considered for NRR calculation is 20 itself and not the actual overs played.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a team chases down a target before 20 overs, then the actual overs is considered for NRR calculation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Find below the current RCB Net Run Rate (0.47) and the break-up of how the figure has been arrived at considering all the games that they have played till now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;RCB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Opponents&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Game #&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Runs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Runs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;156&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;154&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;162&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;161&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;158&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17.3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;154&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;165&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;166&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;152&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;152&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;117&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Totals&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1046&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;133&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1034&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;139.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;A&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;C&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;D&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;RCB RR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;A/B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7.86&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;E&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Opponent's RR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;C/D&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7.39&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;F&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NRR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;E-F&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;0.47&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-08T21:27:42.510" LastActivityDate="2021-10-08T21:27:42.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2550" CreationDate="2013-04-22T07:55:32.527" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Forgive me if I don't know the archery-terminology, its been years since I've released an arrow. My primary advice is to &lt;strong&gt;go shoot at a local archery range if you're a beginner, and you'll probably get competent advice there as well&lt;/strong&gt;. When I started to shoot, I didn't buy any equipment - I could get a beginner's set of everything I needed at the archery range at which I trained. Once I started going to competitions (who says your dad won't? : ) I bought my own equipment and also maintained it, but that was after 2 years of using standard rented equipment. Plus - I found the crowd at archery ranges to be quite easy going, a very pleasant surrounding to spend time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health:&lt;/strong&gt; First off - the health issue. I practiced competitive archery for 3 years, and don't recall ever getting an elevated heartbeat. So circulatory problems shouldn't be a worry. Depending on the volume of arrows you shoot, or if your bow is too strong for you, you can have cramps and muscle-aches in the back/shoulder area. But if you take it easy at the beginning, and slowly work yourself up to higher volumes and a heavier bow, you should be fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equipment:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This is an overview, best to consult someone at the shop or better yet at an archery range, about buying equipment. The expensive stuff(bow, arrows), you'll probably be able to rent at the range for a membership fee, and is what I'd start with, until you feel you like archery enough to buy your own bow/arrows.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bow&lt;/strong&gt;: there are 3 types of common bows: long-bow(stick with a string), recurve(end of sticks curve in shooting direction), compound(wheels &amp;amp; pimpy technology). The long-bow is generally shot for aesthetic reasons, say if you are interested in medieval times, or have a back-to-nature thingy and want to practice archery in it's &quot;pure&quot; form. Compounds have an initially hard draw, then the draw becomes a joke - helps to keep stable when aiming. Recurves have a fairly evenly difficult draw, and are the olympic standard for archery (I think). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arrow&lt;/strong&gt;: too many types to explain, depends on the bow, the target, and how much you want to spend. Best to ask at the local archery store about each individually available arrow type. Apart from that, you want to differentiate between 3 parts of the arrow - the head, the shaft and the feathering, which can be put together in various combinations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Protection&lt;/strong&gt;: when you release that string, you don't want some piece of body getting caught in its way. A MUST is a fore-arm protection, for the arm holding the bow. It's basically a leather strap which you tie around your arm. Some people, for example if you like to wear windy clothes or have a big chest(belly ;), also get breast-protection to keep the chest on the side of your bow-holding arm all packed in tight, so the string doesn't chip off a nipple. Then most archers also use a finger-thingy, which you put on the fingers you pull the string with, to protect your skin from too much wear.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim&lt;/strong&gt;: unless you're shooting long-bow, you'll probably use some sort of sights. Maybe for the first couple times holding a bow you'd shoot without.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stabilizers&lt;/strong&gt;: are counter-weights on rods which get attached to your bow, so that the force of releasing the arrow doesn't shake your bow too much - which can be a pain after shooting a couple dozen of arrows. But this shouldn't be a problem with lighter bows.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck to your dad. In the end, good shooting is about securely repeating form. Equipment comes second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastEditorUserId="1193" LastEditDate="2013-04-23T10:00:36.920" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T10:00:36.920" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2556" CreationDate="2013-04-22T08:14:20.383" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;NRR for a team in cricket is calculated by the following formula &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NRR = (Average runs scored per over by the team throughout the tournament) - (Average runs scored per over by the opposing teams against it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also Cricinfo , says the following rules are applied in case a match is abandoned/ concluded a duckworth lewis method. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where a match is abandoned, but a result is achieved under&#xA;  Duckworth/Lewis, for net run rate purposes Team 1 will be accredited&#xA;  with Team 2's Par Score on abandonment off the same number of overs&#xA;  faced by Team 2. Where a match is concluded but with Duckworth/Lewis&#xA;  having been applied at an earlier point in the match, Team 1 will be&#xA;  accredited with 1 run less than the final Target Score for Team 2 off&#xA;  the total number of overs allocated to Team 2 to reach the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also only matches that never take place(abandoned without a ball being bowled) are not considered for the same i believe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in current IPL , RCB has for and against values as (1046/133.0) and (1034/139.5) . So it would be (1046/133.0) - (1034/139.5) = 7.8644 - 7.4 = (approx) +0.470&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastActivityDate="2013-04-22T08:14:20.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2561" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-04-22T15:33:24.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the Indian Premier League (IPL), a cricket league in India.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket championship in India. It was initiated by Lalit Modi, who served as the league's first Chairman and Commissioner and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra and is supervised by BCCI Vice President Rajeev Shukla, who serves as the league's Chairman and Commissioner. It is currently contested by nine teams, consisting of players from around the cricketing world. It was started after an altercation between the BCCI and the Indian Cricket League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Suggested Reading&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indian Premier League Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official IPL site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2022-12-20T11:42:00.823" LastActivityDate="2022-12-20T11:42:00.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2562" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-04-22T15:33:24.590" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Indian Premier League (IPL), a cricket league in India." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2022-12-20T11:42:00.823" LastActivityDate="2022-12-20T11:42:00.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2556" CreationDate="2013-04-23T09:33:40.233" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Across the three games, TEAM1 scored 678 runs in a total of 147 overs and 2 balls (actually 147.333 overs), a rate of 678/147.333 or 4.602 rpo. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The run-rate scored against TEAM1 across the three games is calculated on the basis of 466 runs in a total of 50 + 50 + 50 = 150 overs, a rate of 466/150 or 3.107 rpo. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The net run-rate is, therefore, &#xA;4.602 - 3.107 = + 1.495  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NET RUN RATE OF TEAM1 is + 1.495&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T09:33:40.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2457" CreationDate="2013-04-23T16:45:49.060" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is my understanding that the term has military origins.  A red zone in military terms is the danger zone, generally close to the enemy (red having been a symbol for danger for a long time).  The term is analogous to sport as the last 20/22 is where you are more likely to suffer the danger of conceding to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that Merriam Webster has the first usage in sport at 1983 but the military/danger  use predates that somewhat.  Indeed, there is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Zone_Cuba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1966 film, &quot;Red Zone Cuba&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which is centered around a military facility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During World War I, the decimated areas of France were known as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Zone_%28World_War_I%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Red Zone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up my answer, the term &quot;Red Zone&quot; has been used in various contexts as a term for danger.  Its application in sport is to represent the danger of your enemy and it was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/about_6581932_red-zone-nfl_.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first coined&lt;/a&gt; by ex-Redskins coach Joe Gibbs in 1982.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The term &quot;red zone&quot; was coined by then Washington Redskins coach Joe Gibbs in a 1982 interview with the Washington Post. Gibbs used the term to describe the heightened sense of urgency on both sides of the ball when the offense gets close to scoring. He called efficiency in the red zone an important part of that team's success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-04-24T07:35:09.897" LastActivityDate="2013-04-24T07:35:09.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1898" CreationDate="2013-04-24T14:58:18.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Umpires (at the moment) have no authority to send players off the pitch. That having been said, they have certain courses of limiting action they can take in case of misbehaviour, some of which are only applicable to specific events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a batsman &quot;wilfully obstructs or distracts the fielding side by word or action&quot; and the fielding side appeal, the umpire could uphold the appeal and the batsman would be dismissed under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field,63,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a bowler is deliberately bowling dangerous and unfair short- or full-pitched deliveries, under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play,68,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 42 (Fair and unfair play)&lt;/a&gt; the umpire may instruct the fielding captain to suspend the bowler immediately, thus preventing him from bowling again in that innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For general misbehaviour, the umpires may report a player or team to the &quot;Governing Body responsible for the match&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play,68,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(Law 42.18)&lt;/a&gt;, e.g. the league board. This may result in a suspension of the player, or even a removal of the team from the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as stated earlier, there is no direct way to send a player off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-04-24T14:58:18.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2013-04-25T07:02:26.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wide ball will earn 1 run for batting side and they will win. This is same situation in which a batsman runs out in a no ball. But his team will earn 1 run for the no ball.Won't consider whether batsman is out or not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastActivityDate="2013-04-25T07:02:26.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2013-04-25T08:02:20.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football at the NFL level, and even at the college level, is such a physically-demanding sport that players require at least one week of rest between games. Beside the typical injuries seen in any sport—muscle strains, sprains, bruises, etc.—pro football players are increasingly having to deal with concussions (i.e. &quot;brain bruises&quot;) because it's not just a contact sport, it's a &lt;strong&gt;collision&lt;/strong&gt; sport. You don't see boxers fight every day, or every week, for the same reasons: the sport is so brutal that the players need extra time to heal from the previous contest. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the shortness of the NFL season has an extra benefit: it makes each game much more valuable in terms of determining a champion. A short season increases the drama, and since sports is fundamentally entertainment, that can be a good thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1313" LastActivityDate="2013-04-25T08:02:20.353" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2050" CreationDate="2013-04-25T12:43:25.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. It's completely legal but, of course, risky. If you're in a situation where you need 2-points you should just line up for two and go for it. Otherwise take your shot at the chip-shot extra point. It's difficult to score in the NFL. Every point counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1313" LastActivityDate="2013-04-25T12:43:25.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2573" CreationDate="2013-04-26T05:48:41.860" Score="7" ViewCount="5207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard many times cricket commentators referring to players driving the ball 'on the up'. By the context, this is taken to be a difficult and risky thing to do and makes a good shot even better as the batsmen is displaying some boldness by playing the shot to that delivery. As in &quot;that was a fine cover drive, and he was playing the ball on the up&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this confusing to me? Anytime that you play a drive, the ball is 'coming up'. The only exception would be a full toss, but that is an unusual delivery so it would be hardly remarkable to play any shot to a non full toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many examples of nonsensical phrases in sports commentary and the viewer just needs to learn what a particular nonsensical phrase means. In this case I've never understood what is being meant by this. My best guess is that the ball is fuller or shorter than a delivery that you would normally expect to see a drive played against (one or the other, it couldn't mean both). Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T20:44:31.087" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T20:44:31.087" Title="Meaning of the phrase: To drive the ball &quot;on the up&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|technique|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-26T06:01:09.677" Score="12" ViewCount="4088" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often heard commentators describe particular bowlers as having a &quot;heavy ball&quot;. By context, this seems to refer to a fast bowler being able to bowl a delivery that seems to impact the bat with greater force that would be expected given their pace. In other words, they aren't a particularly fast bowler, but the ball travels with greater force than is suggested by its pace. For example, see the description in cricinfo's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&quot;&gt;glossary of terms&lt;/a&gt; (use find 'heavy ball').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is absolute nonsense in terms of physics, but it is a pervasive concept that seems to be held true by cricketing people, so there must be a sensible explanation that accords with sensible physics that is being miscommunicated or misunderstood by the use of the phrase 'heavy ball'. I would perhaps make a parallel to the notion in Basketball that good jumpers seem to 'hang in the air' longer than bad ones. Again, this seems to make no sense physically until you realise that good jumpers have learned to use similar tricks to ballerinas to keep parts of their body elevated for longer by changing their centre of mass (see for instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballon_%28ballet%29&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and compare with Michael Jordan's iconic split leg dunking pose). Is there is similar explanation for the origin of this confusing term in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T10:11:57.637" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T03:17:37.387" Title="Origin of the term &quot;Heavy Ball&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2571" CreationDate="2013-04-26T06:02:31.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is really a good question. As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On the up:&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  a batsman playing a shot, usually a drive, to a ball that is&#xA;  quite short and has already risen to knee height or more as the shot&#xA;  is played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually the commentators refers it as the shot played when the ball is pitched on a good length where it is difficult to drive the ball as the ball would have already risen to knee level. Batsmen will be usually confused on what shot to play for these kind of balls as the length will be in between full pitched ball and short pitched ball. So it is not an easy shot to play it on the up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-v-bangladesh-2013/engine/match/623577.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;commentatory from cricinfo&lt;/a&gt; which indicates this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;33.3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Chigumbura to Mominul Haque, OUT, guess what's happened again, won't&#xA;  be too hard, another one has given it away, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mominul tries to punch a&#xA;  good length ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; through extra cover, instead, he's scooped it for the&#xA;  man at extra cover to take a dolly, Mominul had got across and was&#xA;  close to the line, &lt;em&gt;tried to slap it away&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;on the up&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the end but it&#xA;  bounced Mominul Haque c SW Masakadza b Chigumbura 23 (66m 41b 2x4 0x6)&#xA;  SR: 56.09&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T06:07:35.003" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T06:07:35.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2575" CreationDate="2013-04-26T06:37:32.070" Score="4" ViewCount="4392" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batsman's bat breaks while hitting the ball after which a piece of the&#xA;  bat flies in the air, hits the stumps and the bails fall down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a dismissal by hit wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T06:00:15.237" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T20:36:39.193" Title="Is this a dismissal by hit wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2013-04-26T06:52:50.897" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the batsman is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer first to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 35 (Hit Wicket)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Out Hit wicket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The striker is out Hit wicket if, after the bowler has entered his delivery stride and while the ball is in play, his wicket is put down either by the striker’s bat or by his person as described in Law 28.1(a)(ii) and (iii) (Wicket put down).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We need to check &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 28&lt;/a&gt; to check the exact details of what constitutes 'Wicket put down'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Wicket put down&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) by the ball,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or (ii) by the striker’s bat if he is holding it or by any part of his bat that he is holding,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or (iii) notwithstanding the provisions of Law 6.8(a), by the striker’s bat in falling&#xA;      if he has let go of it, or by any part of his bat becoming detached&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That last line &quot;&lt;strong&gt;or by any part of his bat becoming detached&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; covers the situation in the question. The batsmen is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-06-19T20:36:39.193" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T20:36:39.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2013-04-26T07:00:34.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes this is the dismissal by hit wicket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_wicket#Disintegrating_bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first innings of the 3rd Test in the 1921 Ashes series, at Headingley, Andy Ducat, playing in his only Test for England, fended at a fast ball bowled by Australia's Ted McDonald. Ducat's bat broke, and a splinter flew back and dislodged a bail, the ball being caught behind by a slip fielder. Ducat was given out &amp;quot;caught&amp;quot;, although it seems likely that he could also have been given out &amp;quot;hit wicket&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later in 1921, in the 2nd Test between Australia and South Africa at Old Wanderers in Johannesburg, McDonald dismissed Billy Zulch in a similar fashion, breaking the batsman's bat so that fragments flew back to dislodge a bail, and Zulch was given out &amp;quot;hit wicket&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After these incidents, the MCC clarified that whole bat must break the wicket for the batsman to be given out &amp;quot;hit wicket&amp;quot;. &lt;strong&gt;However, effective 1 October 2010, this law has been changed to allow a batsman to be dismissed &amp;quot;hit wicket&amp;quot; if a splinter, or part of his bat, breaks the wicket.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the batsman is given out in such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T07:00:34.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2577" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-04-26T07:12:59.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about wickets in the sport of cricket, which include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a set of stumps and bails&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dismissal of a batsman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details can be found at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this wiki page&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="857" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T13:51:51.020" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T13:51:51.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2578" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-04-26T07:12:59.563" Score="0" Body="Questions about wickets in the sport of cricket, which include:&#xD;&#xA;&#xD;&#xA;- a set of stumps and bails&#xD;&#xA;- the pitch&#xD;&#xA;- dismissal of a batsman" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-26T13:51:25.677" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T13:51:25.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2571" CreationDate="2013-04-26T08:53:56.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the weighty cricket coaching tome &lt;em&gt;Bob Woolmer's Art and Science of Cricket&lt;/em&gt;, driving 'on the up' means &quot;hitting the ball as it rises off a good length&quot; (p.134). On page 138-139 there is a discussion of the technicalities of doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key point appears to be that it is played to a good-length ball, rather than a half-volley, and thus requires excellent timing: it is &quot;risky, but to the well-set batsman on a good pitch it can pay excellent dividends&quot; (p.138).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T08:53:56.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2582" CreationDate="2013-04-26T09:06:32.670" Score="8" ViewCount="10459" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, is it allowed for a single bowler to bowl two (or more) consecutive overs in international matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, how many overs can the bowler bowl continuously? If no, is it not allowed from the beginning of international cricket history or did the ICC ban it recently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a special case, if a bowler bowls the first over, then an another bowler bowls two or three deliveries of the second over and can't continue bowling due to injury. Now will the first bowler be allowed to bowl the remaining balls of this second over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-03-08T11:38:21.513" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T11:38:21.513" Title="Is it possible for a bowler to bowl consecutive overs?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2580" CreationDate="2013-04-26T10:42:28.027" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not allowed to bowl chain overs in &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; Cricket matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over,48,AR.html&quot;&gt;the law 22.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.. Number of balls&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The ball shall be bowled from each end &lt;strong&gt;alternately&lt;/strong&gt; in overs of 6 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it not allowed from the beginning of international cricket history or did the ICC banned it recently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not allowed from the beginning of Cricket history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the first bowler allowed to bowl the remaining balls of this second over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No a bowler can't bowl the remaining second over because as per rule he can't bowl two continues overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over,48,AR.html&quot;&gt;the law 22.8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bowler incapacitated or suspended during an over&#xA;  If for any reason a bowler is incapacitated while running up to deliver the first ball of an over, or is incapacitated or suspended during an over, the umpire shall call and signal Dead ball. Another bowler shall complete the over from the same end, &lt;strong&gt;provided that he does not bowl two overs consecutively, nor bowl parts of each of two consecutive overs, in that innings&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T10:42:28.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2172" CreationDate="2013-04-26T13:38:03.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even though this question already has an accepted answer, I'd like to add mine.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days, basketball positions are generally defined both by a player's role and their size relative to their four teammates on the court.  So out of the five players from a given team currently on the court, the PG is usually the shortest, followed by the SG, then the SF, then the PF, and finally the C is the tallest.   That is the reason these positions are often respectively labelled the 1, the 2, the 3, the 4, and the 5: they have an order, and that order is player height.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that said, the issue of the player's role on the court can overrule their relative height, because positions are of course directly defined by the player's role, while height is just one factor (though arguably the most important factor) that can help players fill that role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PF and C positions are similar in requiring size and strength for the purposes of rebounding, blocking shots, and scoring close to the basket.  However, traditionally speaking the PF is somewhat shorter, lighter and more athletic than the C, and is therefore more likely to drive (a short distance) past their defender to attempt a shot at the rim, and more dependent on their explosiveness (as opposed to their size) to block shots and grab rebounds.  Their lesser height also means it is more important for them to have some shooting ability, since they cannot rely quite as much on dunks, hook shots and layups for scoring.  This is why PFs will often flash a nice little midrange jumper; they &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt; one more than a Center does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the accepted answer mentions, many of the most successful players in history have achieved that success precisely because they've blended the size of one position with the skills of another.  Perhaps the most extreme example of this was Magic Johnson--the tallest, and many argue the best, PG in history.  At 6'10&quot;, Magic was at least 6-8 inches taller than most players at his position, but he was quick enough on his feet and good enough with his hands to run, dribble, shoot, and (most importantly) pass like a PG.  Tall enough to see, pass, or shoot over most of his defenders, but quick enough to drive right past those defenders' taller teammates, Magic was an unstoppable offensive force due to his unique combination of size and skill.  Today, LeBron James, being only two inches shorter than Magic was but with much greater athleticism and similar skills, is terrorizing the league using the exact same principles (his superior athleticism offers him an even greater advantage on defense, allowing him to easily guard every position on the court except C).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how does this all relate to good ol' Timmy?  Well, it's as the others have suggested in their answers:  Tim Duncan can play the PF and C positions equally well precisely because he has the &lt;em&gt;skills&lt;/em&gt; of a PF combined with the &lt;em&gt;size&lt;/em&gt; of a C.  So which is he?  It depends on who else is on the court!  When Duncan played with the Admiral, he was always going to be a PF because Robinson was taller, Robinson was already one of the best Cs ever, and Robinson couldn't play PF as well.  But after Robinson retired, and whenever he was the biggest guy for his team on the court, Duncan often played the position of Center, and was pretty darn good at it.  Furthermore, in today's NBA, where teams are increasingly playing &quot;small-ball&quot;, the scenario of PF-turned-C simply by virtue of being his team's biggest player on the court has become even more common.  But from what I've read, Duncan has always considered himself a PF first and foremost, so my guess is he's happiest when Tiago Splitter is around to claim the 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1314" LastActivityDate="2013-04-26T13:38:03.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2462" CreationDate="2013-04-27T16:57:08.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with the philosophy that you don't start a defense against your starting QB or to bench hitters against your pitchers.  In your example Houston D could do fine because they can still return punts/kick-off for TDs or return a fumble for a TD-- both occur without any direct input from the QB.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same can be said for hitters v. pitchers.  Your pitcher could still have a very good outing if, for example, he gives up two solo home runs to your player.  In other words, both your players have quality days.  It's not an either/or situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1316" LastActivityDate="2013-04-27T16:57:08.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2587" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3104" CreationDate="2013-04-29T07:37:16.230" Score="3" ViewCount="6982" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We can see the football players wearing half trousers all over the&#xA;  world during playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it allowed for a football player(including goal-keeper)to wear long shorts(below the knee like the image below) in international football matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/puhoc.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shorts above the knee are more comfortable for them but, what is the rules of football say about this?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-04-29T09:12:20.967" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T07:17:49.523" Title="Is it permitted to wear shorts below the knee in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2587" CreationDate="2013-04-29T08:21:22.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290830.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 4 - the players' equipments &lt;sup&gt;Click Next to see&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h2&gt;Basic equipment&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The basic compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a jersey or shirt with sleeves - if undergarments are worn, the colour of the sleeve must be the same main colour as the sleeve of the jersey or shirt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;shorts - if undershorts or tights are worn, they must be of the same main colour as the shorts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stockings- if tape or similar material is applied externally it must be the same colour as that part of the stocking it is applied to&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;shinguards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;footwear&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So trousers are not allowed in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding shorts below knee: there was a rule for that (players' knickerbockers must cover their knees) in 19th century. Which was removed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_%28association_football%29#Early_20th_century&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;earlier 20th century&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-04-30T06:17:54.870" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T06:17:54.870" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2590" CreationDate="2013-04-29T09:38:27.583" Score="11" ViewCount="10323" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player loses his footwear accidentally while playing and then scores a goal without wearing his footwear. Will it be considered a legal goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T15:15:03.273" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T17:17:06.367" Title="If a player loses his footwear while scoring a goal will it be considered a legal goal?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2589" CreationDate="2013-04-29T09:41:15.753" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a law regarding such situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/compulsory-equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 4 - The players' equipment&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player whose footwear or shinguard is lost accidentally must replace it as soon as possible and no later than when the ball next goes out of play; if before doing so the player plays the ball and/or scores a goal, the goal is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T04:36:56.860" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T04:36:56.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2593" CreationDate="2013-04-29T10:09:42.013" Score="9" ViewCount="850" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a situation where &lt;strong&gt;Team A&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Team B&lt;/strong&gt; are playing a cricket match,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A scored some odd runs (lets assume 250 runs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team B is chasing the score, while chasing they require 2 runs from a ball. Bowler bowls the ball Umpire somehow declare it as a NO ball and batsman is able to take only single run from that ball in this case the Team B wins the match because of that NO ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now my question is after a day of the match Team A checks the replays and finds it was not a NO ball or it was not appropriate to say that ball was not legal to be bowled and if that is considered the result should have been tie instead of Team B winning the match, will the result can be changed on the appeal from Team A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does they have any right to ask for or report for the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes then is there any team who have done like this in Cricket History?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-04-29T13:14:04.127" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T12:30:23.977" Title="What happens if the result of match was found wrong after the match day?" Tags="|rules|cricket|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2591" CreationDate="2013-04-29T10:36:54.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-3-the-umpires,29,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 3 (The umpires)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;7. Fair and unfair play&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The umpires shall be the &lt;strong&gt;sole&lt;/strong&gt; judges of fair and unfair play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So umpire's decision is considered as the last decision. No matter whether it found wrong on the next day. So in the given scenario Team-B remains winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-04-29T10:36:54.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2591" CreationDate="2013-04-29T20:42:49.393" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The result stands. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result,47,AR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 21.10&lt;/a&gt; (Result not to be changed) is very clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once the umpires have agreed with the scorers the correctness of the scores at the conclusion of the match - see Laws 3.15 (Correctness of scores) and 4.2 (Correctness of scores) - the result cannot thereafter be changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a controversial Test match at The Oval in 2006, the umpires held that Pakistan had &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/engvpak/content/story/257010.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;forfeited the match&lt;/a&gt; due to refusing to take the field, and that England had therefore won. This result was then &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/359329.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;controversially overturned&lt;/a&gt; by the ICC, who declared that the result should be considered a draw. However, the ICC later &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/388625.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;changed the result back to the original decision, a forfeit&lt;/a&gt;, after the MCC - the custodians of the Laws - declared that this would set a &quot;dangerous precedent,&quot; and that the ICC had no power to change the result. All this underlined the fact that the &lt;strong&gt;umpires' decision must stand&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-05-12T12:30:23.977" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T12:30:23.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="677" CreationDate="2013-04-30T13:26:55.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I honestly don't think there's any rule about this one.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I have seen cricket matches with Shoaib Akhtar at his prime, and the keeper used to stand a good couple of yards behind the 30 yard circle.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Other instances include Jeffery Dujon, when he used to keep wickets for WI in the times of Curtley Ambrose and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T13:26:55.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2013-04-30T13:32:13.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A recent newspaper article said that players can choose any number they want, as long as no one else in the team has taken it first.&#xA;For example, Rohit Sharma wanted the number 10 jersey, but he couldn't have it, since a senior player (guess who? :p) already has it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also not compulsory for every player to have a jersey number, for example Virendra Sehwag (in the Indian Jersey - I don't know about IPL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T13:32:13.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="347" CreationDate="2013-05-01T11:47:47.503" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't trust a belay partner who hasn't received basic instructions and has some practice.  Using a device like a Grigri makes belaying very simple, but still has room for error.  Belaying errors, regardless of the device used, can lead to a freefall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your first climb you should be sure to get instructions from a certified instructor.  Once you're familiar with the basics of belaying you can also consider having a backup belay--it's a simple job that your instructor can train you on very quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Provided both climber and belayer are correctly tied-in and using the belay device correctly then the single most important thing for a belayer to remember is to always have a firm grip on the brake end of the rope.  They need to be sure to keep a grip on the brake end at all times that they have a climber on belay--and to remember to keep it there in the event of the unexpected.  In gyms it's not uncommon for climbers on other ropes to swing very close to belayers, or when outdoors for dropped items or loose rocks to fall towards the belayer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1322" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T11:47:47.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2050" CreationDate="2013-05-01T11:49:16.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. However, in faking the point after, the play will be longer than a standard 2-point conversion try depending on how they fake it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1323" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T11:49:16.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2589" CreationDate="2013-05-01T11:55:15.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it was an accidental, the goal would still be considered legal as there will be no violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If a player loses his footwear accidentally and immediately plays the ball and/or&#xA;scores a goal, there is no infringement and the goal is awarded because he lost&#xA;his footwear by accident.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1323" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T11:55:15.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2572" CreationDate="2013-05-01T12:40:34.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found some link for you which is &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Gd0jCwO-mwC&amp;amp;pg=PT151&amp;amp;lpg=PT151&amp;amp;dq=origination%20of%20%20the%20term%20%22heavy%20ball%22%20is%20originated%20in%20cricket&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=ieFLuXy6cS&amp;amp;sig=HzEi6J9zkm0PuNjbCOcFVNHC0pA&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=qguBUanaJOmNiAee2IGACQ&amp;amp;sqi=2&amp;amp;ved=0CE0Q6AEwBg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is only the term which is used as a &amp;quot;Heavy Ball&amp;quot;, but there is no heavy or light. Only the effort of bowler makes this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bowlers who bowl the heavy ball hit the deck lot harder than average bowlers. Michael Kasprowicz, Andrew Flintoff, and Andrew Caddick are good examples of such bowlers. While there are bowlers who skid the bowl through quicker than others. Lasith Malinga is one such bowler. Some bowlers are quicker through the air and these are ones who are mostly called tearaway or genuine fast bowlers like Shoaib Akhtar, Brett Lee and Waqar Younis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T10:49:52.450" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2589" CreationDate="2013-05-01T14:41:01.140" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NB: hims056's answer is correct according to the law but I will add the following supporting information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot is said in football about the referee's &quot;interpretation&quot; of the rules in a match.  In the interpretation of this law, we should look closely at the term &quot;immediately&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will very rarely see a referee award a free kick against a player who passes or shoots with an un-booted foot.  The player is at a disadvantage by being missing a boot so the generally-seen interpretation is that the player has had his shoe removed by accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards to the immediacy of the event, you're not likely to see a player running around for 15 minutes without a boot so pretty much any time from the loss of the boot up to the next time there is a break in the play could be deemed (interpreted) as immediate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up the interpretation as simply as possible; if the player has lost a boot and he hasn't had chance to replace it, then he will not have a foul awarded against him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier this year, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2276436/Alessandro-Matri-scores-boot-Juventus-Fiorentina--VIDEO.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alessandro Matri scored for Juventus&lt;/a&gt; wearing no boot on his right foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Dq3P.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T14:41:01.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-01T17:20:27.380" Score="11" ViewCount="5069" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Game 5 of the first-round playoff series between the Memphis Grizzlies and the Los Angeles Clippers, Tony Allen's layup attempt stopped on the back of the rim: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw4somVK0sY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is ruled a jump ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile, in Game 4 of the series between the Houston Rockets and the Oklahoma City Thunder, Serge Ibaka's potential game-tying layup at the buzzer came up just short: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5umhrppGywQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would have happened if Ibaka's layup had stopped on the rim? There couldn't be a jump ball after the buzzer has sounded, could there? It seems impractical to wait longer and see if the ball would eventually drop through the hoop. Does that mean it would simply be ruled a missed shot and the game would end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T03:47:02.373" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T03:47:02.373" Title="What happens if a basketball stops on the rim as time expires?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2605" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-02T09:07:07.890" Score="4" ViewCount="3865" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard some people say it few times - &quot;He hit the wall and couldn't finish the race...&quot;. What does it mean? what happens to the body in this situation? How can this be avoided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1327" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-09T07:10:47.917" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T07:10:47.917" Title="What does it mean by &quot;Hitting the wall&quot; in marathon run?" Tags="|terminology|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2605" CreationDate="2013-05-02T09:32:06.627" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitting_the_wall&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's definition&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In endurance sports such as cycling and running, &lt;em&gt;hitting the wall&lt;/em&gt; or&#xA;  the bonk describes a condition caused by the depletion of glycogen&#xA;  stores in the liver and muscles, which manifests itself by sudden&#xA;  fatigue and loss of energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hitting the wall&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;sudden fatigue and loss of energy&lt;/strong&gt; which is caused by the depletion of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen&quot;&gt;glycogen&lt;/a&gt; stores in the liver and muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, your body feel general weakness, fatigue, and manifestations of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia&quot;&gt;hypoglycemia&lt;/a&gt;, such as dizziness and even &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination&quot;&gt;hallucinations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid this you need to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ensure the glycogen levels are high when the running begins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;maintain glucose levels during running by eating or drinking carbohydrate-rich substances, or by reducing running intensity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-05-02T09:49:06.793" LastActivityDate="2013-05-02T09:49:06.793" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2607" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2608" CreationDate="2013-05-02T10:50:25.107" Score="5" ViewCount="449" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the situation where a run is required off the last ball. The ball is legitimate, and the batsman tries to go for a six, and is caught in the deep.&#xA;I have seen several instances where this happens and the batsman just stares at the ball go into the hands of the fielder.&#xA;My question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Shouldn't he run as fast as he can, just in case he can get to the other end before the ball is taken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this is only for skied catches that I'm talking about.&#xA;If the ball takes ~2.5s to come down and the length of the pitch is 22 yards, the required speed comes out to be ~8m/s, which is achievable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T10:16:27.337" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T10:16:27.337" Title="Refusal to run after skying the ball" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2607" CreationDate="2013-05-02T11:16:31.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't he run as fast as he can, just in case he can get to the other end before the ball is taken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this you want to say that a batsman should take a run before he cought out. So they win before he get out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAW 18 (SCORING RUNS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;9. Runs scored when a batsman is dismissed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed, any runs for penalties awarded to either side shall stand. &lt;strong&gt;No other runs shall be credited to the batting side&lt;/strong&gt;, except as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) dismissed &lt;strong&gt;Handled the ball&lt;/strong&gt;, the batting side shall also score the runs completed before the offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) dismissed &lt;strong&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;, the batting side shall also score the runs completed before the offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, however, the obstruction &lt;strong&gt;prevented a catch&lt;/strong&gt; from being made, &lt;strong&gt;no runs other than penalties&lt;/strong&gt; shall be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) dismissed &lt;strong&gt;Run out&lt;/strong&gt;, the batting side shall also score the runs completed before the wicket was put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, however, a striker who has a runner is himself dismissed Run out, no runs other than penalties shall be scored. See Law 2.8 (Transgression of the Laws by a batsman who has a runner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even if batmen complete required runs before a stiker get cought out by a filder, they can't win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But yes batsmen should try to complete required runs and should hope a catch to be dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2607/refusal-to-run-after-skying-the-ball#comment-5320&quot;&gt;suggested by @Bogdanovist:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to judge run outs where stumps are even less than 1 meter away from the crease, then how can they judge catch out and completed runs when the field is away up to 100 meters from the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-05-02T12:41:32.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2614" CreationDate="2013-05-02T17:43:58.747" Score="13" ViewCount="51879" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket how does someone become an umpire at international level? Is there some procedure for this? How are they selected and what is the criteria for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T21:39:54.337" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T03:59:16.887" Title="What is the procedure to become a Cricket Umpire?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-02T21:06:51.393" Score="9" ViewCount="3751" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to make it clear, I do not mean the case when the game goes to extra time and then to penalties? So the highest number of penalties during an international final (club or national teams) during regular, stoppage and possibly extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-05-03T22:31:29.283" Title="What is the highest number of penalties given in an international cup final?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2611" CreationDate="2013-05-03T03:46:52.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Domestically, you start at the club level and work your way through the ranks.  That's not different from any other sport, really.  Details will vary by country, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ICC full members nominate umpires to the International Panel of ICC Umpires, which stands mainly in ODIs.  The best umpires are invited by the ICC to the Elite Panel, which stands mainly in Tests.  So once you are the best umpire in your country, chances are you'll be asked to umpire international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-05-03T03:46:52.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2611" CreationDate="2013-05-03T09:09:39.547" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an umpire for cricket you are responsible for the calling of many intricate rules of the game. Cricket is a sport that is played around the world, in several different countries. Each country or territory may have different sets of training processes to become an accredited official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instructions&#xA;Difficulty: Moderately Easy&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Steps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OneTake the Introduction to Umpire course. This course is named differently in other areas of the world. It is offered for those who would like to umpire the occasional cricket games for fun. Moms, dads and teachers are perfect audience for this course.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Learn more about the game by attending the GL6 course. This course&#xA;will cover the rules for one-day games and matches. This is a&#xA;starting point for all umpires. Those who pass this class and wish&#xA;to move on with the training can continue from this point. You are&#xA;also able to gain experience at this level by umpiring low-level&#xA;games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take the exam in GL6 and move on to the GL5 training course. This&#xA;course delves deeper into the 42 rules of the game. You also must&#xA;pass this exam to become an accredited cricket umpire.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Practice your hand movements while in the classes and by umpiring&#xA;games. Spectators that are out of earshot expect to see the umpire's&#xA;hand movements while making a call. This is how they can interpret&#xA;what is going on in the game. Movements should be precise and&#xA;correct for each call made.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attend games and matches of varying degrees of difficulty while&#xA;attending classes to become a cricket umpire. These will help you&#xA;see how others umpire do the job. This experience will also give you&#xA;pointers on what to do and not do while out on the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Join an association of cricket umpires in your area and as your&#xA;reputation grows you can join worldwide associations. It takes years&#xA;to become noticed and requested, but several matches and tournaments&#xA;hire certain associations for their games, and being affiliated with&#xA;them may get you the job.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As per an Indian Newspaper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To become an umpire, you have to qualify theory exams conducted by state sports bodies like the Delhi and District Cricket Association (DDCA). Once you qualify, you become eligible for the exams conducted by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and your state cricket association will endorse your candidature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note, gathering information on the exam dates etc becomes easier if you are a cricket player at the state or club level. One should also ideally keep in touch with the state cricket associations’ convening committee to stay updated on exams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has also quoted some other aspects as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Skills&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;. You must know the 42 laws of cricket properly&#xA;. Incisive understanding of the game&#xA;. Ability to take spontaneous decisions&#xA;. Be a good manager&#xA;. Be very patient. You can’t afford to lose your temper at any cost&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do I get there?&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;You have to qualify the theory and practical exams conducted from time to time by state sports bodies. You then become eligible for the exams conducted by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) at two levels — one and two. After clearing the second level, you make it to the BCCI panel and can umpire at the highest level. After your case is endorsed by the BCCI for the International Cricket Council (ICC), you can join the race to be an international umpire. But until you pass these exams, you must grab whatever opportunity comes your way to umpire — corporate match, domestic or club level&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Institutes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no institute which trains you to become an umpire. It’s only the BCCI which conducts classes before the umpire’s exam. Once nominated by your state to the BCCI, you can attend these classes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindustantimes.com/education/want-to-be-an-umpire/story-wffj17QokguZAjlsSaoUwM.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T03:59:16.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-03T18:06:04.007" Score="5" ViewCount="405" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the spotted zone marked in red below, I get pain after 4-5 days of race-walking. Sometimes it hurts only while walking or racewalking. But today I can`t even run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mFB49.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got a problem there before athletics from football and tennis, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need some opinions on what could have caused it and suggestions on how to avoid it from happening again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could it be from increasing the intensity of training in the last 3 months?&#xA;From 10 km/day 4 days/week, now I do 15-20 km/day 6 days/week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1333" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T07:21:37.930" LastActivityDate="2014-01-11T07:21:37.930" Title="Muscle pain when i do racewalking" Tags="|running|racewalking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-01-11T07:21:48.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2612" CreationDate="2013-05-03T22:22:51.263" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I recall the most penalties in one international game I saw was 5 penalties on the 4th of July, 1999.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was on Argentina-Colombia match during Copa America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The amazing thing was that Martin Palermo missed 3 penalties in this game and Colombia won 3-0 (one of them was penalty).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 missed penalties and another successful one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can watch it &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.il/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=2&amp;amp;ved=0CDEQtwIwAQ&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvDmib-TrPwI&amp;amp;ei=ZzeEUfzLK8nYtQbxxICoDA&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFAQug3EPa3VVgG_r9NctKawEaDlw&amp;amp;sig2=gKr_h0UDY8keRPP3IUVd7w&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-05-03T22:31:29.283" LastActivityDate="2013-05-03T22:31:29.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2604" CreationDate="2013-05-03T22:47:01.190" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is of course that this should be a jump ball, and because time is up, the play is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can check this section from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_6.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA rule book, rule no. 6&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section V-Jump Balls in Center Circle&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a. The ball shall be put into play in the center circle by a jump ball between any two opponents:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (6) The ball comes to rest on the basket flange or becomes lodged between the basket ring and the backboard&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. In all cases above, the jump ball shall be between any two opponents in the game at that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-10-09T17:20:20.073" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T17:20:20.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2571" CreationDate="2013-05-06T07:52:26.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found only this from link-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcoach.com/glossary/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This term refers to hitting the ball when the bat is on the upswing in the follow through of the shot. It is heard often, but rarely explained. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and this from link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Making contact with the ball before it reaches the top of the bounce - hitting it on the rise. Viv Richards was a prominent exponent &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and lastly this from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportspundit.com/cricket/terms/311-on-the-up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a ball is rising from the ground after bouncing on it, if the batsman hits the ball before it has completely reached the top of the bounce, it is said that the batsman has hit it “On the up.” One famous example of such a type of batsman is Vivian Richards of West Indies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorUserId="1184" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T08:00:41.473" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T08:00:41.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2620" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-06T12:09:14.523" Score="3" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, is there a place to find scores (total strokes + amount under or over par) for every round a golfer has played as part of a pro tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1343" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T12:34:27.183" Title="Is it possible to get full data on every golf round played by pro?" Tags="|statistics|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-05-06T13:07:05.607" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2620" CreationDate="2013-05-06T12:34:27.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for scores within the last 10 years for the PGA, &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/golf/statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN.com&lt;/a&gt;'s golf page has information dating back to 2003. If you select a year and a golfer, you can view their individual profile, and scorecards can be seen under the &lt;em&gt;Scorecards&lt;/em&gt; tab.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T12:34:27.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2622" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-06T20:03:10.133" Score="5" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Major League Baseball has implemented replay on home runs, has the batter's batting average increased due to the wait the pitcher has between pitches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="448" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T20:04:42.527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T06:38:36.870" Title="Batting Average after replay?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2615" CreationDate="2013-05-06T22:56:46.337" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DISCLAIMER:&lt;/strong&gt; I am not a doctor, nor do I claim any sort of medical expertise.  If you are experiencing discomfort beyond normal soreness, I would recommend seeing a competent doctor.  I merely intend to impart my personal insights and experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if I understand &quot;Where is the red spoted zone&quot;, but the picture you provided is pointing to the sartorius (the upper line) as well as the quadricep (&quot;quad&quot; - the lower line).  If both of these are hurting it's probably two separate issues that could've been caused by any number of things.  The sartorius connects the interior knee to the anterior (outside) hip.  If you're consistently getting problems with this, your spine could be out of alignment which is causing your hip to pull in an unnatural direction.  As stated before, I would suggest seeing a competent chiropractor/sports medicine doctor.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I consider myself to be an above-average runner, but I've never run the 15-20k/day for 6 days/week as you mentioned. Your body needs rest and time to recover.  If you don't let your muscles recover, after time they become stressed and incredibly susceptible to increased injury (especially when there might be an existing injury that's been neglected).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://runningresearchnews.com/News_And_Events.php?cid=1&amp;amp;iid=162&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; talks about the necessities of recovery and how it might vary from person to person.  It might give you a better idea of how to maximize your recovery and workouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestion: see a doctor.  Determine what the issue is, then when you've fixed it, you can ask for better help about how to avoid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T22:56:46.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2625" CreationDate="2013-05-07T08:59:38.543" Score="6" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Due to Ronnie O'Sullivan's absence in almost all snooker tournaments through the 2012-2013 season, he dropped out the top 16 for the next season. But since he won the 2013 World Championship, will he be given permission to enter the top 16 for the 2013-2014 season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1346" LastEditorUserId="1346" LastEditDate="2013-05-07T13:49:47.287" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T09:15:44.877" Title="Can a player enter the top 16 for the following season if he wins a world championship?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2624" CreationDate="2013-05-07T10:54:42.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, he will not be a in the &quot;Top 16 list&quot;, however if he decides to take place in any tournament on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Snooker_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Snooker Tour&lt;/a&gt; he would not need to play a qualifikation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2005 Shaun Murphy won the World Championship and he qualified automatically for every tournament in the next season as the number two seed (and number one seed for the 2006 World Championship)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastEditorUserId="1219" LastEditDate="2013-05-13T09:15:44.877" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T09:15:44.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2626" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2627" CreationDate="2013-05-07T20:04:37.970" Score="13" ViewCount="2040" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tennis statistics at the end of a set always show the number of winners and unforced errors of the players. But when does a point count as a winner and when as unforced error?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T03:29:51.913" Title="When does a point count as a winner and when as unforced error?" Tags="|statistics|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2626" CreationDate="2013-05-07T21:23:25.347" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Winner&lt;/em&gt; - a shot hit by a player so the ball jumps more than once on the opponent side without the opponent being able to even touch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3jHRJSrtPg&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unforced error&lt;/em&gt; - a mistake made by the player from quite an easy shot hitted by from the opponent for example hitting the ball wrong, lack of precision or improper position.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Number of unforced errors usually counted for statistics and indicate the level of each player's game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ud_BLxEhVBc&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-05-08T07:08:09.183" LastActivityDate="2013-05-08T07:08:09.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2631" CreationDate="2013-05-08T09:19:56.577" Score="17" ViewCount="3489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is number 13 not used in Formula 1? Is it just superstition? Was the number ever used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T23:00:29.227" Title="Why there is no number 13 in Formula 1?" Tags="|history|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2629" CreationDate="2013-05-08T09:57:35.487" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, yes it's just superstition. I remember noticing this in the 1990 season where the Osella/Fondmetal team were only running one car (Olivier Grouillard). Logically they should have run car #13 but were allocated #14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2008/01/09/your-questions-f1-and-the-number-13/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is one of a number of sources for the superstition story online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that, after a rule change in 2014 which mandates drivers to make such a decision, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastor_Maldonado&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pastor Maldonado&lt;/a&gt; opted for the number 13 for the rest of his F1 career. As of 2021, Maldonado has not raced in F1 for more than two seasons, and so the number is available for any new entrant who wishes to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-07-27T23:00:29.227" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T23:00:29.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2629" CreationDate="2013-05-08T09:57:50.047" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Number 13 isn't in use just from superstition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The FIA Formula 1 World Championship entry list does not have a number&#xA;  13. The number is generally considered to be an unlucky number. It was used in the early years of the sport but in the 1920s it was dropped&#xA;  after the Delage factory team suffered two fatal accidents with the&#xA;  number in the course of just a few months. The first was Paul Torchy,&#xA;  who crashed into a tree during the San Sebastian Grand Prix in&#xA;  September 1925 (below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://joesaward.wordpress.com/2009/12/01/why-there-is-no-number-13-in-formula-1/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-05-08T09:57:50.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2634" CreationDate="2013-05-08T18:06:56.350" Score="3" ViewCount="1884" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a YouTube video, when I was watching Sachin Tendulkar's feat as a bowler, one of the commentators commented that Sachin holds the record for dismissing Inzamam-ul-haq the most number of times. How true is that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times has the little master has had the best of the former Pakistani skipper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1354" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-05-13T11:04:38.193" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T17:03:10.443" Title="Sachin Tendulkar's bowling record" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2013-05-09T02:44:21.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have written as well a PHP script to export those data: &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/cheesemacfly/nikeplusexport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://github.com/cheesemacfly/nikeplusexport&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(there is a link to a demo on the page)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference I have with the other ones is that the time for each waypoint is calculated so I found it more precise.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It works only with the runs having GPS data and can export to GPX, TCX and JSON.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1355" LastEditorUserId="1275" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T20:59:03.043" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T20:59:03.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2632" CreationDate="2013-05-09T03:49:59.197" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How many times has the little master had the best of the former&#xA;  Pakistani skipper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35320.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=dis_dismissals;template=results;type=bowling;view=batsman_summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, Sachin has dismissed Inzamam 8 times in international cricket which is the max no of dismissal Sachin has on any batsman. He has also dismissed Lara, Waugh, Moin Khan and A Flower 4 times each. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One of the commentators commented that Sachin holds the record for&#xA;  dismissing Inzamam-ul-haq the most number of times. How true is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though Sachin has dismissed him 8 times, he is not the bowler who has dismissed Inzamam max no of times. As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/40570.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=dis_bowler;outs=1;template=results;type=batting;view=dismissal_list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this list&lt;/a&gt;, Muralidharan and Vaas has dismissed him 12 times each followed by Warne who dismissed him 11 times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you consider only ODIs, Venkatesh Prasad and Jayasuriya has dismissed him 8 times each whereas Sachin has dismissed him 7 times. So the above statement is not completely true which says Sachin holds the record for dismissing Inzamam most no of times, even though it is a record for Sachin since he hasn't dismissed anyother batsman more than 8 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the third question was removed adding something related to that as trivia,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trivia:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;In terms of economy rate, Sachin is among the top T20 bowlers of India as per &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;orderby=economy_rate;team=6;template=results;type=bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. He has played only one match and has match figures of 12/1 at an economy rate of 4.8 against SA which is second in the list behind Murali Vijay with 4.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-19T17:03:10.443" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T17:03:10.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2635" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2636" CreationDate="2013-05-09T17:25:52.553" Score="38" ViewCount="27372" Body="&lt;p&gt;Statistically speaking, is a hockey team (in the NHL) more likely to score on a power play or with a penalty shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often times this is something I wonder when a player is tripped on a near breakaway and the referee calls a penalty rather than a penalty shot. I wonder if the tripped player got the better of the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course this would all depend on the skill of the team etcetera, which is why I'm asking only if anyone can provide an answer based on general statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1358" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T20:22:14.920" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T20:22:14.920" Title="Which is more likely to result in a goal: a penalty shot or a power play?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2635" CreationDate="2013-05-09T17:40:30.913" Score="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the 2005-2006 NHL regular season, penalty shot opportunities consistently yielded a higher conversion percentage of goals made than power play opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AVqd7.png&quot; alt=&quot;graph of below data&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*graph does not include data after the 2012-2013 NHL regular season&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2015-2016 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20152016&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 16/58 = &lt;strong&gt;27.6%&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2016.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1429/7658 = &lt;strong&gt;18.7%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2014-2015 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20142015&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 14/41 = &lt;strong&gt;34.1%&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2015.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1403/7520 = &lt;strong&gt;18.6%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2013-2014 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20132014&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 21/69 = &lt;strong&gt;30.4%&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2014.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1441/8055 = &lt;strong&gt;17.9%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2012-2013 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;48 game lockout-shortened season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20122013&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 8/34 = &lt;strong&gt;23.5%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2013.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 872/4785 = &lt;strong&gt;18.2%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2011-2012 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20112012&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 27/69 = &lt;strong&gt;39.1%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2012.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1408/8132 = &lt;strong&gt;17.3%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2010-2011 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20102011&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 27/78 = &lt;strong&gt;34.6%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2011.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1571/8179 = &lt;strong&gt;18.0%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2009-2010 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20092010&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 16/55 = &lt;strong&gt;29.1%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2010.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1664/9136 = &lt;strong&gt;18.2%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2008-2009 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20082009&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 23/59 = &lt;strong&gt;39.0%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2009.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1938/10227 = &lt;strong&gt;18.9%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2007-2008 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20072008&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 19/64 = &lt;strong&gt;29.7%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2008.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 1871/10536 = &lt;strong&gt;17.8%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2006-2007 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20062007&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 25/70 = &lt;strong&gt;35.7%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2007.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 2099/11935 = &lt;strong&gt;17.6%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2005-2006 NHL regular season (&lt;em&gt;82 game season&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/player?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=goals&amp;amp;season=20052006&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=penaltyShotAttempts&amp;amp;active=1&amp;amp;aggregate=0&amp;amp;filter=penaltyShotAttempts,gte,1&amp;amp;pos=S&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shots&lt;/a&gt; -- 35/103 = &lt;strong&gt;33.4%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://b.hkref.com/leagues/NHL_2006.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Plays&lt;/a&gt; -- 2545/14390 = &lt;strong&gt;17.7%&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(goals made/opportunities)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Notice the range for penalty shot conversion percentage during 82 game seasons is 11.5% (39.1 - 27.6) and the range for power play conversion percentage is 1.6% (18.9 - 17.3).&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-12T17:41:31.227" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T17:41:31.227" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2641" CreationDate="2013-05-10T15:49:09.633" Score="5" ViewCount="23088" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried different hand formation and tried different positions of hand to hit the ball, but the smash either goes out of court or is very low powered.I just don't get how to hit it. So that its high powered and stays inside the court?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1362" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-10T16:13:44.730" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T08:50:13.670" Title="Which part of hand is used to do a volleyball smash?" Tags="|technique|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2642" CreationDate="2013-05-11T00:01:45.677" Score="8" ViewCount="456" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never really quite understood surfing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is a surfing contest judged? As in, who is declared the winner of a contest? Is it the one riding the waves the longest or the one riding it with stunts and tricks of varying difficulty or by an entirely different criteria? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1364" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:23:29.640" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:23:29.640" Title="How is a surfing contest judged?" Tags="|officiating|surfing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2639" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2640" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of surfing." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T14:51:46.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2637" CreationDate="2013-05-12T07:35:29.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spiking in volleyball is much more about timing and approach than hand placement.  I would first focus on learning when to jump and swing in regard to the set and flight of the ball.  If you can't contact the ball at the right time, then it doesn't really matter what you hit it with.  Personally, after practicing approach and swing, the &amp;quot;hitting&amp;quot; aspect seemed to just fall into place, but I know that's not really an acceptable answer to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Spike-a-Volleyball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site, it gives a step-by-step approach of how to spike a volleyball.  For the most part, I agree with everything that it suggests.  Step 8 &amp;amp; 9 instruct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) ...hit the ball, contacting the upper half of the ball &lt;strong&gt;with the heel of your open hand&lt;/strong&gt; at the very top of your swing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(9) Snap your wrist downward to impart topspin and direct the ball down into your opponent's court &lt;strong&gt;while spreading your fingers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(emphasis added)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you feel like you've already got your approach down, try these suggestions, I think they'll work for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T07:35:29.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2638" CreationDate="2013-05-13T07:55:04.110" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surfing competitions are conducted in similar format as in sports such as Artistic gymnastics or Floor (gymnastics): users demonstrate the performance for a predetermined period and the referees handing out grades based on the number of rules and criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ASP (Association of Surfing Professionals) Judging Criteria for 2012 is listed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aspworldtour.com/press-room/judging-criteria/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Surfers must perform to the ASP Judging Key Elements to maximize their&#xA;  scoring potential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Judges analyze the following major elements when scoring waves:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Commitment and Degree of Difficulty&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Combination of Traditional and Modern Manoeuvres &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Innovative and Progressive Manoeuvres &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Combination of Major Manoeuvres&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Variety of Manoeuvres &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Speed, Power and Flow   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Judges will utilize a 75-25% ratio being that surfers will only ever get a&#xA;  maximum of 75% ( 7.5pts ) of the scale for surfing only one aspect of&#xA;  Modern or Traditional, up to an additional 25% ( 2.5pts ) can be added&#xA;  when the 2 aspects are combined. Incomplete manoeuvres will not be&#xA;  rewarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is important to note that the emphasis on certain elements is contingent upon the location and the conditions on the day, as well as&#xA;  changes of conditions during the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T07:55:04.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2263" CreationDate="2013-05-13T15:16:51.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seemed like any time an individual player was a part of a successful team, he's let go. A lot of players from that '76 Superbowl ended up playing for the Houston Oilers (Stabler, Casper, Tatum). Maybe Al Davis was just playing &quot;money ball&quot; or he wanted to rebuild an older team sooner rather than later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marcus Allen ended up in the dog house and on the bench. Maybe &quot;Just Win Baby&quot; should be followed-up with &quot;, but don't ask for more money.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T15:16:51.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2645" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2647" CreationDate="2013-05-14T12:33:45.753" Score="1" ViewCount="902" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14/527&quot;&gt;offside rule in football&lt;/a&gt;, but how did the current ruling come about? Along history, there have been numerous modifications to this particular rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1370" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T13:45:12.393" Title="What were the reason behind the current offsides rules in football (soccer)? Also why have they been changed throughout its history?" Tags="|rules|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2013-05-21T06:51:16.993" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2646" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-14T12:56:16.910" Score="3" ViewCount="2648" Body="&lt;p&gt;When is the ball technically in play? In other words, can the defensive team 'steal' the ball from the inbounding players hands? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ref allowed this to open stating the ball was over the baseline and therefore in play. And if this is legal, does the ball have to be fully over the baseline, otherwise would the defensive player not be breaking the plane of the line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1371" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-14T13:10:47.830" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T16:31:43.227" Title="Basketball Throw In" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2645" CreationDate="2013-05-14T13:45:12.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What were the reason behind the current offsides rules in football (soccer)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To reduce confusion&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130302/soccer-offside-rule-changed.ap/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; for officials, players, and fans. As a result, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Football Association Board&lt;/a&gt; have now stated when attackers have influence during play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The change states that an attacker should be considered offside when &quot;gaining an advantage by being in that position'' in situations that&#xA;  will now include receiving the ball from a rebound or deflection from&#xA;  the goal frame or a player in the defending team attempting a tackle,&#xA;  block or save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also why have they been changed throughout its history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_%28association_football%29#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia entry&lt;/a&gt; and this &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20111005003701/http://www.corshamref.org.uk/offhist.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; covers the history of offside in football (soccer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several reasons include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Freeing up game flow&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reducing confusion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reducing uncertainty of calls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an assistant referee is not totally sure about an offside offence the flag should not be raised (i.e. in case of doubt benefit must be given to the attacking team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ensuring correct judgment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;an assistant referee should not raise the flag before considering the&#xA;  following criteria, so called &quot;wait and see&quot; technique: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Movement of the ball  (direction, speed, distance, any deflection, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Involvement of the player in active play by interfering with play...an opponent or gaining an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T13:45:12.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2646" CreationDate="2013-05-14T16:13:05.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to FIBA rules this is clearly not OK; in summary, the rules state it in simple terms that until the ball has left the hands of the thrower it is still out of play and it's the defenders responsibility to stay out of contact with the ball or the thrower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/asp_includes/download.asp?file_id=2146&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2012&lt;/a&gt; (Article 17)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Statement 1&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Before the thrower-in has released the ball on a&#xA;  throw-in, it is possible that the throwing-in motion  could cause that&#xA;  player’s hand(s) with the ball to break the plane of the boundary line&#xA;  separating the  in-bounds area from the out-of-bounds area. In such&#xA;  situations, it continues to be the responsibility  of the defensive&#xA;  player to avoid interfering with the throw-in by contacting the ball&#xA;  while it is still in  the hands of the thrower-in.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Example:  A4 is&#xA;  awarded a throw-in. While holding the ball, A4’s hand(s) crosses the&#xA;  plane of the boundary  line so that the ball is above the in-bounds&#xA;  area. B4 grabs the ball that is in A4’s hand(s) or taps the  ball out&#xA;  of A4’s hand(s) without causing any physical contact against A4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Interpretation:  B4 has interfered with the throw-in, thereby delaying&#xA;  the resuming of the game. A warning shall be  given to B4 and&#xA;  communicated to coach B and this warning shall apply to all team B&#xA;  players for the  remainder of the game. Any repetition of a similar&#xA;  action by any team B player may result in a  technical foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find an explicit description of this situation in the NBA rulebook, particularly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_8.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule #8 which governs out-of-bounds and throw-ins&lt;/a&gt;. However, it is clearly stated that the ball is out-of-bounds if it's in contact with a player who's out-of-bounds, which the thrower has to be. Thus the ball is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; in play until the thrower releases the ball, thus a &quot;sneak-steal&quot; should presumably not be allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section I-Player&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The player is out-of-bounds when he touches the floor&#xA;  or any object on or outside a boundary. For location of a player in&#xA;  the air, his position is that from which he last touched the floor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section II-Ball&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a. The ball is out-of-bounds when it touches a player&#xA;  who is out-of-bounds or any other person, the floor, or any object on,&#xA;  above or outside of a boundary or the supports or back of the&#xA;  backboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting that, according to FIBA rules, the player who's given the ball to throw in may not bounce (or drop) the ball inbounds and touch it again, before the ball is touched by another player. In other words if the ball slips out of the hands of the thrower, and bounces inbounds, it's fair game for the defender to take the ball and advance. (see Article 17, Statement 7)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-05-14T16:31:43.227" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T16:31:43.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2650" CreationDate="2013-05-15T11:42:54.213" Score="4" ViewCount="2756" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is MVP award in IPL? How is it calculated?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see the list of award leaders &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/stats/2013/pepsi-atom-mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from here&lt;/a&gt;. But I can't understand how is it calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2022-05-30T02:12:56.933" Title="What is MVP award in IPL?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|awards|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2649" CreationDate="2013-05-15T14:23:51.990" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pepsi Atom Most Valuable Player Award is given to the player who contributes most to his team in all the areas like batting, bowling and fielding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The points added to the player for this award are:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2.5 points will be given for each four&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3.5 points will be given for each six&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3.5 points will be given for each wicket taken&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1 point for each dot ball bowled by a player&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2.5 points for each catch or stumping taken by a player.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After adding all the points from the above aspects from every match, the total points for each player will be calculated. Referred the official source &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/news/2013/more-news/3575/pepsi-atom-mvp-list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1286" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-05-16T04:42:50.707" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T04:42:50.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2652" CreationDate="2013-05-16T07:46:35.243" Score="8" ViewCount="10814" Body="&lt;p&gt;See following image. Who is &lt;strong&gt;Run-out&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/00JrG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A is crossed the crease and B is crossed half of the pitch. Run-out happening in B's side. Then who is out? A or B? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1377" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T05:56:10.937" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T20:31:02.673" Title="Who is run out if both batsmen are out of their grounds?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2651" CreationDate="2013-05-16T08:37:43.757" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;B is out. The batsmen haven't crossed each other and B is closer to the end where the fielder puts the wicket down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_out#The_rules&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; Page&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batsman can be judged run out when he is closest to the end where&#xA;  the wicket has been put down by the opposition and no other batsman is&#xA;  available inside the crease of the same end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_38.htm&quot;&gt;Another Reference&lt;/a&gt;.Check the 3rd Point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="667" LastEditorUserId="667" LastEditDate="2013-05-22T03:36:02.720" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T03:36:02.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2651" CreationDate="2013-05-17T08:41:33.077" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a question of which batsman has covered the greater proportion of the pitch, but rather it is a question of whose is the ground where the wicket is put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 38.3&lt;/a&gt; Which batsman is out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batsman out [...] is the one whose ground is at the end where the wicket is put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 29.2&lt;/a&gt; Which is a batsman’s ground&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) If there is no batsman in either ground, then each ground belongs to whichever batsman is nearer to it, or, if the batsmen are level, to whichever batsman was nearer to it immediately prior to their drawing level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;'s is the ground where the wicket &lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt; has been put down. Therefore &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt; will be out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-05-17T08:41:33.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2656" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2659" CreationDate="2013-05-17T09:09:40.240" Score="9" ViewCount="2380" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean, instead of the usual 19.45 GMT for the UEFA Champions League games? Is this due to sponsorship reasons or are there no reason at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1346" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:24:40.113" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:24:40.113" Title="Why are most of the Europa League games played at 20.05 GMT?" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2658" CreationDate="2013-05-17T14:29:38.867" Score="3" ViewCount="3858" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, several teams such as the Carolina Panthers (with Cam Newton), the San Francisco 49ers (with Colin Kaepernick), the Seattle Seahawks (with Russell Wilson), and the Washington Redskins (with Robert Griffin III) to name a few are utilizing a spread offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Tim Tebow was a starter for the Denver Broncos, he led his team to a division title and a playoff win utilizing the spread offense, proving the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d824d289c/article/newton-tebow-prove-spread-option-will-work-in-the-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;formation can be successful&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does a &lt;em&gt;typical&lt;/em&gt; spread offense contrast from a &lt;em&gt;typical&lt;/em&gt; pro-style offense?&lt;/strong&gt; What positional/role players are suggested for optimal use of such a formation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-17T18:11:49.630" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T18:20:54.220" Title="How does a typical spread offense contrast from a typical pro-style offense?" Tags="|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2657" CreationDate="2013-05-17T18:05:35.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem in answering this question is that there isn't just one style of &quot;spread&quot; offense.  While Tim Tebow and Cam Newton may have both run the spread, they ran it in almost completely different ways.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that said, there is an underlying theme to the spread offense.  In a typical &lt;strong&gt;spread offense&lt;/strong&gt;, the QB lines up in a shotgun formation with a 4-WR set (i.e. no TE or a TE lined up wide) and a single back on either his right or left side (NOT behind him).  Because the RB is at his side, he isn't in a great blocking position.  Because of the lack of protection, the QB will basically run a &quot;1-read&quot; system, where he makes a single read to WR and then dumps to the RB if the WR isn't open.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QUGvB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Spread offense formation&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;strong&gt;pro-style offense&lt;/strong&gt;, the QB will line up under center with 1-2 backs lined up behind him.  He'll have a staggered set of 2-3 WRs and a TE.  With the additional protection, the QB will usually &quot;go through his progressions&quot; of scanning his receivers (this is usually 2-3 seconds).  The reason this is typically utilized in the NFL is because so many different plays can be from this formation, which can be difficult for most defenses.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/93JtH.png&quot; alt=&quot;pro-style offense&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's important to note that many &quot;Pro-style&quot; QBs (e.g. Peyton Manning, Aaron Rodgers, Tom Brady) also run their own variations of the spread.  Because of their athleticism, they typically can make more than &quot;1-read&quot; and therefore don't necessarily suffer from the vulnerabilities of the spread.  It's important to note that when they run the spread, they are typically releasing the ball within 2-3 seconds.  This is important because the reason the spread isn't as successful in the NFL is largely due to the faster defenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason Tim Tebow was getting so much flak for only being able to run the spread is that he wasn't able to make more than a single read and still release the ball in 2-3 seconds (largely due to his throwing mechanics illustrated &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/157543-tim-tebows-slow-release&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).  Also, Tebow and, to a lesser extent, Cam Newton were much more prone to running the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_offense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;read-option&lt;/a&gt;, which works a lot more in college because of the slower overall speed of defenses.  Tebow was able to have some success with it in the NFL because of his speed and strength, but it's not a sustainable offense as it can become incredibly predictable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in reference to the article you listed, the spread can be successful in the NFL, but it requires higher athleticism and still needs to be mixed up with other formations to confuse the defense.  The younger &quot;Spread style&quot; QBs you mentioned are successful not only because they're running the spread, but because they can still run a pro-style offense when they need to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-17T18:12:14.930" LastActivityDate="2013-05-17T18:12:14.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2656" CreationDate="2013-05-17T18:31:18.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Game playing time determined at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/80/06/31/1800631_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Europa League regulations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is under the following section:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;VII Fixtures, Match Dates, Venues and Kick-off Times&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kick-off time of the qualifying matches and play-offs.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.02 The home club fixes the kick-off time for all matches of the qualifying phase and the play-offs.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kick-off time until the round of 16.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.03 As a rule, matches in the UEFA Europa League kick off either at 19.00 hours CET or 21.05 hours CET. On the basis of the draw, the UEFA administration will fix the kick-off times. Exceptions to this rule&#xA;  may be made by the UEFA administration.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.04 In principle, the fixtures within a group on the last matchday must be played simultaneously.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kick-off time from the quarter-finals.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.05 In principle, quarter-finals and semi-finals kick off at 21.05 CET. Exceptions to this rule may be set by the UEFA administration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.06 Inprinciple, the final kicks off at 20.45CET.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="667" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T06:18:00.587" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T06:18:00.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2662" CreationDate="2013-05-18T06:48:34.787" Score="6" ViewCount="2831" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the things considered as obstructing the field in cricket,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as like the match played between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk0IkgH0i6U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KKR and PWI&lt;/a&gt; in which Yusuf Pathan was given out obstructing the field as he pushed the ball with his leg for which the team approached the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other incident which i know is for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZXLsipEYHo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PAK vs IND&lt;/a&gt; where Inzamam - ul - Haq was given out when he placed his bat in middle of a throw on account of which he was given out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more incident (i am not able to remember the match time and opponents)  which i have seen in which Rahul Dravid used his leg to stop the ball going on the stump after it hit the bat and he was also not given out - is it was not obstructing the field&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when the same thing happened with David Hussey in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q02P6jrZHwI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CB series&lt;/a&gt; in the match IND vs Aus he was not given out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is not &quot;Why he was not given out?&quot; My question is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;What are the things considered as obstructing the field?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-20T14:20:47.403" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T13:16:34.143" Title="what actually is considered obstructing the field in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2661" CreationDate="2013-05-18T13:03:08.000" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt; does not give an exhaustive list of every reason a batsman might be given out in this fashion, and with good reason, as it would not be possible to specify all possibilities. It is up to the umpires &quot;to decide whether any obstruction or distraction is wilful or not&quot; (Law 37.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 37 does, however, give some further information about some specific instances where the batsman may be dismissed under this law: section 3 deals with &quot;obstructing a ball from being caught&quot;, and section 4 with &quot;returning the ball to a fielder&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Dravid incident you mention simply involved the batsman protecting his wicket before a fielder touched the ball, there is no problem here as the batsman is explicitly permitted to do so under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 34 (Hit the ball twice)&lt;/a&gt;, provided it is &quot;for the sole purpose of guarding his wicket&quot;, and, as stated, a fielder has not yet touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the David Hussey incident: to be given out obstructing the field, the umpires must be convinced that the obstruction was wilful. In this case the umpires considered that his action did not constitute wilful obstruction but rather self-defence, since the ball would otherwise have hit his body, and therefore correctly gave him &quot;not out&quot;. (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.ecb.co.uk/files/ecb-aco-newsletter-summer-2012-12086.PDF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;page 5 of the ECB ACO Summer 2012 Newsletter&lt;/a&gt; for the official MCC explanation.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-05-20T11:36:24.833" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T11:36:24.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2204" CreationDate="2013-05-18T13:23:42.273" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem with bowling is that there are so many things to think about, especially as a beginner. With absolute beginners, I attempt to make it as simple as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forget about a run-up. Get them to stand side-on on the crease. For now, their bowling action can consist of just rocking back on their back foot, followed by rocking onto their front foot to release the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tell them to look intently at where they want the ball to go - it's probably easier to get them to look at the stumps rather than a point on the pitch, at this stage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demonstrate it as one smooth continuous action, rather than lots of bits joined together. Remember simplicity. You don't want them to have to keep thinking &quot;what bit do I have to do now?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once they have the arm action grooved, they can add a step up to the wicket, and you can add extra elements such as the follow-through, run up, etc. Those elements can wait, though: the simple rock-back-foward should give them enough to bowl a basic ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-05-18T13:23:42.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2661" CreationDate="2013-05-19T16:20:47.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Law 37: “Either Batsman, on appeal, shall be out Obstructing the Field if he willfully obstructs the opposite side by word or action.” On between KKR and PWI, Yusuf Pathan willfully kicked the ball away from Wayne Parnell and after due consultation of the umpires he was given out obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either Batsman is out &amp;quot;Obstructing the field&amp;quot; If he wilfully obstruct the opposite side; should such wilful obstruction by either Batsman prevent a ball from being caught it is the Striker who is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Laws of Cricket 1947 Code and&#xA;Law 40 - Obstructing the Field&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The umpire must decide whether the obstruction was &amp;quot;wilful&amp;quot; or not. The involuntary interception by a batsman while running of a throw in is not in itself an offence.&#xA;The correct entry in the score book when a batsman is given out under this Law is &amp;quot;Obstructing the field&amp;quot;, and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watch Video: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soi3VcbW-YU&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soi3VcbW-YU&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and  Read more From this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_the_field&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_the_field&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-05-19T16:20:47.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2665" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2674" CreationDate="2013-05-19T16:31:47.477" Score="3" ViewCount="1095" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are spot fixing and match fixing in cricket and football, and what issues arise from such? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:20:31.197" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T06:20:31.197" Title="What issues arise from spot fixing and match fixing in cricket and football?" Tags="|football|cricket|terminology|match-fixing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2665" CreationDate="2013-05-20T07:51:11.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Match fixing is discipline agnostic, in the sense that it may occur in practically any sport. I will simply refer to match fixing in football, but it could easily translate to whatever sport, with some imagination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match fixing is the act of playing the game to a predetermined outcome. Note that this outcome could be anything from a particular player getting a yellow/red card, to an exact final result. Likewise it could also occur in the form of a particular player not playing in the game, for some reason. It occurs usually in connection with betting, where either a player willingly (or forcefully) change his/her performance during the game, in a way that affects the game in an &quot;unexpected&quot; way. In such a way an unlikely event, may come to happen, and thus people who bet on that unlikely event might get a premium payout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match fixing is against the rules of the game in most (if not all) sport, and very often against the law. I don't know about cricket but in football there have been a series of huge scandals in Europe, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Italian_football_scandal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;primarily in Italy&lt;/a&gt; where several players and referees were proved to have partaken in illegal conduct (gambling) and were banned. Likewise major clubs such as Juventus, Milan, Fiorentina and Lazio (among others) were severely penalized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_fixing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; for match fixing is actually pretty good, it's a good place to start reading up on the material. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a particular incident referring to match fixing in cricket: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 2000 the Delhi police intercepted a conversation between a&#xA;  blacklisted bookie and the South African cricket captain Hansie Cronje&#xA;  in which they learnt that Cronje accepted money to throw matches. The&#xA;  South African government refused to allow any of its players to face&#xA;  the Indian investigation unit, which opened up a can of worms. A court&#xA;  of inquiry was set up and Cronje admitted to throwing matches. He was&#xA;  immediately banned from all cricket. He also named Saleem Malik&#xA;  (Pakistan), Mohammed Azharuddin and Ajay Jadeja (India). Jadeja was&#xA;  banned for 4 years. They too were banned from all cricket. As a&#xA;  kingpin, Cronje exposed the dark side of betting, however with his&#xA;  untimely death in 2002 most of his sources also have escaped law&#xA;  enforcement agencies. Two South African cricketers, Herschelle Gibbs&#xA;  and Nicky Boje, are also wanted by the Delhi police for their role in&#xA;  the match fixing saga. A few years before in 1998, Australian players&#xA;  Mark Waugh and Shane Warne were fined for revealing information about&#xA;  the 'weather' to a bookmaker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T07:51:11.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2669" CreationDate="2013-05-20T16:23:32.057" Score="5" ViewCount="1318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Golf courses have been lengthened in recent years to contain a group of longer-hitting golfers &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Driving distance in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.101.html#2012&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Longest average: 315.5 yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Averages over 300 yards: 21&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Driving distance in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.101.html#2002&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Longest average: 306.8 yards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Averages over 300 yards: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: In 2010, Augusta National Golf Club, the site of The Masters, was measured at 7435 yards (6799 meters). This number was 6985 yards (6387 meters) in 2000. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast: The 2008 US Open at Torrey Pines South Course measured 7643 yards (6989 meters). However, the 2013 US Open at Merion Golf Club (East Course) measured 6996 yards (6397 meters and under 7000 yards since &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_U.S._Open_%28golf%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;sub&gt;To be fair, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usopen.com/en_US/news/articles/2013-05-09/201305091368116957133.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;philosophy&lt;/a&gt; of the US Open is well-documented, and results historically have been around even par. &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/952/527&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All things equal and considered, &lt;strong&gt;does course length correlate to the difficulty of golf courses?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T17:31:40.903" Title="Does course length correlate to the difficulty of golf courses?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2668" CreationDate="2013-05-21T15:25:17.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somewhat. First off, the USGA sets guidelines for par rating by hole length. It's only one factor in determining a hole's par (and thus course par), and most courses have to stay at around a par-72, but a course made up primarily of holes with lengths at the upper limit of their par rating is going to require using longer clubs (lower lofts, woods instead of irons). That requires more accurate shots made at longer distances, which is always going to require more skill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the tour pros and other scratch players aren't going to be bothered much; they tend to hit shots up to 50-60 yards further than &quot;normal people&quot; with the same club loft, even in the higher lofted irons. Therefore, &lt;strong&gt;length doesn't really contribute to the &quot;course difficulty&quot;, defined as the expected score for a scratch player&lt;/strong&gt;. Length does, however, affect the average &quot;bogey golfer&quot; (18-20 handicapper) who has a shorter drive and less ball control. So, &lt;strong&gt;a course longer than the average will definitely increase the &quot;slope rating&quot; of the course&lt;/strong&gt;, which figures into calculation of handicaps for those of us who have one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T17:31:40.903" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T17:31:40.903" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2661" CreationDate="2013-05-21T15:40:33.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only time I've seen this rule being used to give a batsman out in international cricket was in the recent SA vs PAK, when Mohammed Hafeez was given out &quot;obstructing the field&quot;.&#xA;I think this was the first and only ever instance in international cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are the things considered as obstructing the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His offence was that he altered the direction of his running between wickets, to block the incoming throw, when he saw that it was coming to his end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can watch the video &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ri44AmV4_kQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-05-22T13:16:34.143" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T13:16:34.143" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2120" CreationDate="2013-05-21T15:52:34.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another disadvantage of the dew factor is that it makes hitting boundaries difficult.&#xA;The ball travels much slower on the wet turf, so often brilliantly timed shots do not reach the fence, and the batsmen have to settle for 2 or 3 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T15:52:34.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2672" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-05-21T21:48:46.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Horse racing is one of the oldest known sports, with records of equestrian competitions including races of various types found in records from ancient Babylonian, Syrian, Greek and Egyptian archaeological sites. Various forms became popular in the United Kingdom and Europe among the royalty and aristocrats, and spread from there to British colonies including the United States, where it became a popular pastime for industrial moguls. Between the winner's purse values and the long historical association with gambling, horse racing is currently a $115 billion industry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are four main types of true racing commonly seen in the West:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flat Racing&lt;/strong&gt; - The most common in the U.S., flat races are typically held on an oval dirt track one mile in length, with no obstacles except the other horses. Some tracks have grass turf; these tracks offer a different feel for the horse and rider and are less susceptible to weather variations, but also require more maintenance to preserve the grass and resurface the ground underneath. Most of the traditional flat races in the United States, including the three &amp;quot;Triple Crown&amp;quot; races and most &amp;quot;stakes&amp;quot; races, are limited to Thoroughbreds, a particular tall, light-framed breed intended for racing. Other competitions, mainly shorter distances, are open to more breeds, including the American Quarter Horse, a breed specifically developed for short sprints (so named because, over the quarter mile, a Quarter Horse can beat a Thoroughbred).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The race is typically controlled with a device called a starting gate, located at the beginning of the home stretch of the oval track, and consisting of a series of bays into which the horses and riders are directed, each bay with a spring-loaded locking gate with a device that opens all gates simultaneously, usually also accompanied by an electric bell. The riders then race around the track for one lap, back around to the home stretch to the finish line, called the &amp;quot;post&amp;quot;, typically located just before the initial turn (the actual length of the track is thus slightly less than a mile).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harness Racing&lt;/strong&gt; - Common in Britain, less so in the U.S., harness racing typically employs a breed called the Standardbred, slightly larger and heavier than the Thoroughbred, which pulls a two-wheeled trailer harnessed to the horse's midriff and with the wheels to either side of and just behind the horse's rear legs, in which the rider sits. Race lengths and formats are otherwise very similar to flat racing and can be done on the same track as part of the schedule of races for the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steeplechasing&lt;/strong&gt; - Again more common and popular in Britain than the U.S., the steeplechase, also known as jump racing or the national hunt, is run on a variant of the flat track or on a dedicated linear course, which has a number of jumps over fences and hedges followed by trenches of water, which the horse and rider must clear during the race. A steeplechase track can be incorporated into the grounds of a flat track by adding the jumps to the infield and removing a section of rail to redirect riders. A number of breeds excel at this type of racing, including Thoroughbreds and Arabians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Endurance/Cross Country&lt;/strong&gt; - Endurance races are run over very long distances, sometimes thousands of miles, most of it over natural terrain, most commonly desert. These events are similar in theory to dogsledding races like the Iditarod, and various motorsports such as Baja and rally racing. Racers must pace their mounts to avoid exhaustion, and must also manage food and sleep for horse and rider over the course of the race. The breed most favored is the Arabian, an ancient breed adapted for life and work in arid climates. The breed is fast, and also jumps and climbs well, and typically needs less water than breeds adapted for more temperate climates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:23:40.850" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:23:40.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2673" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-05-21T21:48:46.267" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of horse racing, an equestrian sport in which riders race horses around a predefined course." OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T22:49:49.107" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T22:49:49.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2665" CreationDate="2013-05-22T10:22:47.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In simple words Match Fixing relates to the predetermined outcome of whole match while in Cricket spot fixing belongs to when you fix only some part of game like one over in balling like S.Sreesanth has commited recently or in batting for any over or some time at pitch .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Spot-fixing involves a player agreeing to perform to order by pre-arrangement. For example, a bowler might deliberately bowl consecutive wides in his second over or a batsman could make sure he does not reach double figures. More to find here &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other difference is &lt;a href=&quot;http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/SPO-what-is-the-difference-between-spot-fixing-and-match-fixing-4265535-PHO.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Spot-fixing refers to illegal activity in a sport where a specific part of a game is fixed. Something as minor as timing a no ball or wide delivery in cricket is a perfect example of spot-fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Match-fixing occurs as a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T10:22:47.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2675" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-22T10:59:49.673" Score="5" ViewCount="7856" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often hear people mention the bat made out of English Willow. Why are certain types of trees prefered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1370" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-07-29T08:14:26.080" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T18:05:09.483" Title="Why are cricket bats only made from certain types of trees?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-22T16:29:28.687" Score="13" ViewCount="8893" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many bowlers have broken the 100 mile an hour barrier when bowling in &lt;strong&gt;international cricket&lt;/strong&gt; (ODI and Tests only)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-22T17:08:06.337" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T12:54:11.860" Title="The 100 mph barrier" Tags="|cricket|statistics|trivia|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2013-05-22T17:41:04.473" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The theories of the clock are as I understand it correct in that the score was kept on a clock  using the 15, 30 and 45 minute marks ... so why 40?  To understand this it is good to realise that this all was established in France and when the scores were called out they would have called quinze (15), trente (30) and quarante-cinq (45) .. however quarante-cinq is a bit of a mouthful (3 syllables instead of one) compared to the other two so it was abbreviated to simply &quot;quarante&quot; or 40.  When the rules became standardised in the late 19th century in both the US and Britain ..it became simply ..15, 30 , 40&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1395" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T17:41:04.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2677" CreationDate="2013-05-22T18:48:15.877" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a rumor that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=4cukAdBEpMs&quot;&gt;Jeff Thomson&lt;/a&gt; of Australia was the first bowler to break the 100 mph while bowling in international cricket. Later &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=_bk6XhlmS1E&quot;&gt;Shoaib Akhtar&lt;/a&gt; of Pakistan clocked more than 100 mph in a world cup match against England. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=vE97z5xp5OU&quot;&gt;Mohammad Sami&lt;/a&gt; had also clocked the same but later it was found that the speed gun might be wrong in that case. Brett Lee, Shaun Tait and Shane Bond are some of the bowlers who clocked near 100 mph but there are not enough evidence to support whether they have actually crossed this barrier(Most of the cases it was found that speed gun had problems and hence it showed wrong reading at times).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T18:48:15.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2675" CreationDate="2013-05-22T19:00:32.367" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;One reason for this is, it is a tradition and is the ideal wood for this. Normally all the cricket bats are made of english willow and they are still following that tradition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; the other reason is, it is very tough and shock-resistant, not being significantly dented nor splintering on the impact of a cricket ball at high speed, while also being light in weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1979, Australian cricketer Dennis Lillee used an ComBat aluminium metal bat, but after getting the complaints from English team, Australian captain Greg Chappell asked him to revert to the wooden bat. Later Kookaburra released another type of bat that had a Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer but that was also banned by ICC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T19:00:32.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2681" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-23T05:40:00.577" Score="7" ViewCount="7671" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't a question about logistics of doing so, it's about rules:  If a team decided — in a high-stakes, last 30 seconds game — to have a second goalie secure an 'outer perimeter'- or maybe a particular half [to prevent accidental screening], after pulling a player to do so, is this explicitly disallowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1396" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-26T07:07:36.537" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T07:07:36.537" Title="Is there a rule preventing two goaltenders at once on ice for the same team during NHL game?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2683" CreationDate="2013-05-23T09:55:20.410" Score="6" ViewCount="17632" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a ball bowled to a batsman hits the bat first and then hits the pad/any part of the batsman's body, what is the rule on getting runs or boundaries or catch at this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a ball bowled to a batsman hits the pad/any part of the batsman's body first and then hits the bat, what is the rule on getting runs or boundaries or catch at this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can see the above situations most of the times in international cricket matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-05-27T10:06:40.560" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T06:09:14.750" Title="What is the rule when the ball touches both the bat and the batsman's body?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2682" CreationDate="2013-05-23T15:09:13.997" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Catches, runs, and boundaries are all possible if the ball touches the bat at any point, regardless of what else the ball may go on to touch. Furthermore, if the ball hits the pad before the bat, an LBW dismissal may also be possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only if the ball does not touch the batsman's person may Byes be scored (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-26-bye-and-leg-bye/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 26.1&lt;/a&gt;), and only if it touches the batsman's person but not bat may Leg byes be scored (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-26-bye-and-leg-bye/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 26.2&lt;/a&gt;) (an oversimplification, but sufficient for the purposes of this answer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the ball has touched any part of the batsman's person, he/she may not intentionally strike it again (other than to protect his/her wicket), as this would mean he/she was out &lt;em&gt;hit the ball twice&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 34)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-07-21T19:12:30.227" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T19:12:30.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2681" CreationDate="2013-05-23T15:19:19.547" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2012-2013 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/pdfs/2012-13_RuleBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;National Hockey League (NHL)&lt;/a&gt; rules state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 2, Rule 5.3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team shall be allowed one goalkeeper on the ice at one time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules do not explicitly disallow two goaltenders on the rink at one time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the rules do implicitly allow two goaltenders on the rink at one time, but this is in regard to line changes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 10, Rule 82.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Goalkeepers’ substitution during a game will be conducted within the&#xA;  same time frame as a regular line change (per Section 10, Rule 82.2 - 5 seconds for visiting team, 8 seconds for home team). No extra time will be&#xA;  allotted to the goalkeeper coming off the bench, except in the case&#xA;  where an injury to a goalkeeper occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the scenario you state would not be covered in the cited rules above, but two goalkeepers can be on the ice at one given time during the course of a line change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T15:19:19.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2685" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-24T07:10:04.307" Score="3" ViewCount="32338" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a game and the bases were loaded. The batter hit pop up foul ball near first base in play. The first baseman dropped the ball and the game moved on. Isn't this a live  ball when the first baseman dropped it, meaning the runners could have advanced instead of the at bat continue &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1398" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-31T13:46:01.003" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T13:46:01.003" Title="Is the ball live if a fielder drops a foul ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2685" CreationDate="2013-05-24T12:37:26.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Isn't this a live ball when the first baseman dropped it, meaning the runners could have advanced instead of the at bat continue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a dead ball and runners return to their respective bases. See &lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09(e)&lt;/strong&gt; below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 2.00&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;2013 MLB Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; state (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;FOUL BALL is&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first base, or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;between home and third base, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;that bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;that first falls on foul territory beyond first or third base, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;that, &lt;strong&gt;while on or over foul territory, touches the person of an umpire or player&lt;/strong&gt;, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any object foreign to the natural ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A foul fly shall be judged according to the relative position of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether&#xA;  the infielder is on foul or fair territory at the time he touches the&#xA;  ball.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09&lt;/strong&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball becomes dead and runners advance one base, or return to their&#xA;  bases, without liability to be put out, when—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;e) A &lt;strong&gt;foul ball is not caught, in which case runners return to their bases&lt;/strong&gt;. The umpire-in-chief shall not put the ball in play until all runners have retouched their bases&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-05-24T12:37:26.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2677" CreationDate="2013-05-24T13:52:38.007" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to @ACB answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shoaib Akhtar was timed at over 100 mph and was the first bowler that has broken the barrier (I say first as Jeff Thompson was just a rumour!), but his pace was questioned along with colleague Mohammed Asif's, after it was discovered they had both taken the banned substance Nandralone, a steroid which enhances performance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it is widely considered that the pace either can bowl at was not genuine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1303" LastActivityDate="2013-05-24T13:52:38.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2013-05-27T09:12:17.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In case of a tie the batsman better  strike rate &amp;amp; the bowler with better economic rate will win the orange and purple cap respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes,he is allowed till the end of that innings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both the caps are allowed to wear at the time of fielding.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1404" LastEditorUserId="1219" LastEditDate="2013-05-27T10:23:58.703" LastActivityDate="2013-05-27T10:23:58.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2166" CreationDate="2013-05-27T10:55:32.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to avoid injury, take it slow. I would suggest traversing the transitions as the second link suggests. Start at the bottom of the transition on one side and practice cutting back to the transition on the other side. With each run, you will feel more confident. You should be able to climb higher into the transitions with each run, until you eventually catch the vertical. The first few times you catch the vertical, focus on safely landing. After that, work on simple tricks. Once you've mastered those, work on tricks that are a little more difficult. If you still have difficulty performing tricks over jumps in a board park, I would suggest a little more practice there before you try any tricks on a halfpipe. The halfpipe is a lot more dangerous than a board park because you can easily accelerate faster than intended, which means you can accidentally catch a lot of air. If you don't know how to safely land, you may end up landing in the transition and go for a nasty spill. If you are confident you can safely land (even in the transition), I'd say you are well prepared to try halfpipe. Accidents are to be expected when learning, but please do review safe landing techniques before trying the halfpipe. You might do this by watching halfpipe videos on youtube. Even videos where people crash will be of great help as they will teach you what not to do. Best of luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1393" LastActivityDate="2013-05-27T10:55:32.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2013-05-27T12:19:36.540" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the old days it was usually the winger who threw in, except in France where the scrum half did it.&#xA;The winger was condsidered ideal for the job as his wing was unexploitable due the the lineout being there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1407" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-02-20T07:09:30.157" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T07:09:30.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2695" CreationDate="2013-05-28T06:13:10.503" Score="4" ViewCount="12463" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the answers &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/623/why-are-5-runs-awarded-if-the-ball-hits-the-helmet&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; acknowledge that if the ball hits the helmet behind the wicket keeper then 5 runs are given to the batting side as obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is will the same apply if the ball hits the helmet of the wicket keeper which he is wearing and not behind him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will runs be given for this also ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any past reference for this ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this applies for helmet then why not for the pads worn by the fielder at silly point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T10:22:02.647" Title="Penalty runs for hitting on to the helmet of the wicket keeper which he is wearing" Tags="|cricket|history|officiating|helmet|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2693" CreationDate="2013-05-28T06:58:50.570" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the ICC rules penalty runs are only given in cricket if the ball hits the helmet which is not worn by any fielder on the field. This is clarified in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball strikes a fielder's helmet when it is on the field but not being worn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So any equipment worn by a fielder becomes part of his clothing and hence cannot be penalized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1370" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-05-28T22:47:48.853" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T22:47:48.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2693" CreationDate="2013-05-28T07:02:00.400" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, penalty runs will not be given if the ball hits the helmet of the wicket-keeper when wearing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty runs are given for obstructing the ball by the fielding team without the help of any player. If the WK is not worn the helmet means the ball will surely get hit by his head,so,wearing and not wearing the helmet, both are same, but the player will get injured. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Placing helmets behind the WK is the risk taken by the fielding team. So, nowadays, Helmets are not placed behind WK in limited overs cricket since 5 runs can change the result of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional comment: if penalty runs were given when the ball touches a worn helmet, no one would wear helmets at the end of a crucial match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-05-28T13:53:19.910" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T13:53:19.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2699" CreationDate="2013-05-29T01:52:58.863" Score="4" ViewCount="24558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two players in IPL 6 (2013), Ricky Ponting and Glen Maxwell, were bought in the player auction for large sums (Ponting close to half a million and Maxwell over 1 million dollars).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither of these players ended up playing many games. Ponting played the first 6 and Maxwell just 3. In this case (and I'm sure many other similar examples) do the players get all of that sum, or are they paid on a pro-rata basis. For instance if they played only half the games they would get half the amount?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T09:06:50.623" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T06:13:52.250" Title="How much do IPL players get paid if they don't play all games in a season?" Tags="|cricket|finances|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2697" CreationDate="2013-05-29T06:12:16.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The amount paid to the players are based on their availability for the matches. If a player was available for all the IPL matches, then that player is eligible for the full amount. If the players were not available for some matches, then they are paid on a pro-rata basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the above case, Ponting and Maxwell were available for the entire season. &lt;strong&gt;Missing a match due to injury or benching is not considered as unavailability and hence they should be getting the full amount.&lt;/strong&gt; There was a rule that if a player was available for a certain no of matches and misses only a certain no of games, they should be paid the full amount. Not sure if this rule is still there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the amount offered to the players vary based on certain other criteria as well. For eg:- if the team didn't qualify for CL, players will get only 80% of the auction rate. Players also might get some % of amount if their team wins the IPL or finishes at 2/3/4. However there is no clarity on this and it depends on the team. Players also have to pay the income tax in India for the money they earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: News, read somewhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-05-29T06:12:16.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2700" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-29T09:34:33.163" Score="7" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a hobby swimmer. I train each day, swimming front crawl with the following regime:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;500 meters using just my legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;500 meters using just my arms &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;500 meters using both legs and arms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It takes me about 1h to complete this. I have noticed that I go significantly slower when I use just my legs. Is this normal, or is my technique/legs to blame?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how does my training regimen compare to that of a professional swimmer? I suspect that 1500 meters/day is very little, but I am not sure...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1413" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-29T16:56:31.610" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T23:34:29.430" Title="Front crawl training" Tags="|technique|training|swimming|performance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-04-13T09:43:15.060" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2701" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2013-05-29T13:26:36.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Specific issues with sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Questions that you have encountered&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;As participants or fans&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-29T13:26:36.157" LastActivityDate="2013-05-29T13:26:36.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2702" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-29T16:43:03.480" Score="3" ViewCount="653" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will like to know if it is a foul to take the ball from a player who picks the ball from a rebound and holds it up with two hands? Can the ball be taken from his hands even if they are held high up with both hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1415" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-31T13:44:10.120" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T13:44:10.120" Title="Holding the ball up with two hands" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2702" CreationDate="2013-05-29T17:10:24.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no foul if a defender takes away the ball from a player (who had picked the ball from a rebound and held it with two hands - high or low) without contact. In addition, there may be contact allowed in accordance to &lt;strong&gt;Rule 12B Section I (b)&lt;/strong&gt; below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/.element/mp3/2.0/sect/podcastmp3/NBA/PDF/2012-13_NBA_Rule_Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012-2013 NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Rule 12B Section I (b)&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the&#xA;  ball is not legal. This contact includes, but is not limited to,&#xA;  forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several exceptions. Here is one relevant to your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Incidental contact with the hand against an offensive player shall&#xA;  be ignored if it does not affect the player's speed, quickness,&#xA;  balance and/or rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;e. Contact which occurs on the hand of the offensive player, while that hand is in contact with the ball, is legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-05-29T17:10:24.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2013-05-30T04:58:03.413" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will Cole's point #3 is the closest to an accurate answer. Marketing. College sports is all about the money and the players make it for the college U-Marts. So teams do what they believe will attract talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stupid argument about players being faster nowadays is the same one the pros tried to use for the past fifty years. Joke's on them as SF used a variant of wishbone football all the way to the Super Bowl this year. Georgia Tech has been a scoring machine running the wishbone but their defense was horrible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any offense will work with the proper execution and superior talent. Coaches are slaves to fashion and since the wishbone isn't in vogue they don't want to appear out of the loop. So they sheeple on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nothing in football looks as artistic as a properly executed triple option. Nothing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Incessant passing is boring. Nothing as ugly as an incomplete or even completed out route.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1416" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-05-30T18:25:23.330" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T18:25:23.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2705" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2707" CreationDate="2013-05-30T06:23:30.817" Score="5" ViewCount="1887" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose that a fielder is running to catch the ball or field the ball and is running towards the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually or willfully the fielder crosses the boundary rope before he is going to touch the ball in any case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then he jumps from outside the boundary rope and fields/catches the ball and sends it back to the other fielder while in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will the runs be given for this case? Because when the ball reached the boundary, the fielder was not in the field as he had crossed the rope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-03T21:05:55.263" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T21:05:55.263" Title="What is the result of a fielder jumping from outside the boundary to catch a ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2705" CreationDate="2013-05-30T07:13:55.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the runs will be given for this. But not a boundary will be given, the runs which were taken by the batsmen running between the wickets will be awarded for the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The moment when the ball touches fielder will be noticed for deciding it a boundary or not. Touching the boundary rope or passing the boundary rope before or after getting touch with the ball will not cause any effect on the runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best example I can provide you is Bollinger of Chennai Super kings took an excellent catch for Yousuf Pathan at IPL 2010 at the boundary rope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See this youtube &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juV_1d1-yNA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; for reference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T07:13:55.343" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2712" CreationDate="2013-05-30T10:35:37.443" Score="3" ViewCount="5137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard some pitches will support only fast bowlers and some pitches only spin bowlers. What is the mechanism behind this? How can a pitch support either one? What will be difference between these two pitches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1211" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-06-24T06:36:11.997" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T06:36:11.997" Title="How is a pitch supporting fast bowlers or spin bowlers?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2711" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-30T18:00:01.687" Score="5" ViewCount="4640" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just wondering if there is a rule about how many fielders need to remain in the ground during a cricket match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can't the fielding captain argue that we do not need the 11th man on the field, for whatever reasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, will the umpire call no ball if a fielder is standing just outside the boundary before the ball is delivered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T12:30:03.690" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T12:30:03.690" Title="Do all 11 fielders need to be in the field?" Tags="|rules|cricket|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2709" CreationDate="2013-05-30T18:05:30.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitches with a lot of grass on them aid fast bowlers, since the ball comes on quicker to the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dry and dusty pitches favour slower bowlers, since it allows the ball to grip and turn in the cracks on the pitch.&#xA;These factors are very important when picking your side, especially in the longer formats of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why most sides tend to bat first in tests, since the wear and tear that the pitch endures for 5 days opens up the cracks, and brings the spinners into play.&#xA;A very recent example of this would be the recently concluded 2nd test of NZ vs ENG, where Graeme Swann took a ten-wicket haul, 6 of them in the 2nd innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example of cracks in the pitch -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i5tSA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T18:05:30.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2715" CreationDate="2013-05-30T18:17:29.207" Score="1" ViewCount="2876" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an extension of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2705/what-will-be-action-for-this&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; asked earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a limit that the fielders cannot cross when taking catches or saving runs for the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if the batsman hits far enough, lets say in the third row of the seats, then is there any rule to restrict the fielder from entering the crowd, collecting the ball air-borne, and throwing it back into field (if it is feasible)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1231" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T22:10:34.063" Title="How far can a fielder go to stop a six?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2714" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-30T19:27:19.663" Score="9" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2013/05/tiger-woods-is-nearly-2000-strokes-under-par-in-his-pga-tour-career/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Today article&lt;/a&gt; that talked about how Tiger Woods is nearly 2000 under par* for his career.  I've tried searching, but how does this compare to others all-time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously this is a rolling score since Tiger could end up shooting over par for the rest of his career and end up at 1500 under or something, but is this the lowest in history?  I'm just looking for some comparable stat to compare against the other all time greats' career scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-05-31T13:53:13.087" LastActivityDate="2020-04-25T22:01:35.140" Title="Best career record vs par" Tags="|statistics|golf|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2713" CreationDate="2013-05-31T01:12:55.110" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a fielder is past the boundary rope it doesn't matter whether they are airborne or not, it is still a six. If the player jumps &lt;em&gt;from within the field of play&lt;/em&gt;, catches the ball and throws it back before hitting the ground, then they will have prevented the six from scoring (and if they or a team mate can then catch the ball again before it hits the ground the batter will be out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the fielder has stepped across the boundary line, if they touch the ball then it will be a six.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T01:12:55.110" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2720" CreationDate="2013-05-31T09:05:41.267" Score="6" ViewCount="10336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules against making a catch with the hand without a mitt? Will the batter still be out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can a baseball be caught with the non-mitt (no glove) hand?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1370" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-11-12T06:36:39.907" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T06:53:44.263" Title="Can a baseball be caught with the non-mitt (no glove) hand?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2718" CreationDate="2013-05-31T12:09:51.043" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;not only is it legal, it's been done!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the proof, from 1989, by the San Francisco Giants' Kevin Mitchell:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b_NY5iA3hw&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b_NY5iA3hw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T12:09:51.043" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2718" CreationDate="2013-05-31T13:34:34.807" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;are there any rules against taking a catch with the hand without the Mitt on it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no rules against catching a ball in flight with the hand. See the definition for &quot;catch&quot; below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Will the batter still be given out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. See &lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09&lt;/strong&gt; below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition for &quot;catch&quot; can be found in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 MLB Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt;  (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;CATCH is&lt;/strong&gt; the act of a fielder in getting &lt;strong&gt;secure possession in his&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;hand&lt;/em&gt; or glove of a ball in flight and firmly holding it&lt;/strong&gt;; providing he&#xA;  does not use his cap, protector, pocket or any other part of his&#xA;  uniform in getting possession. It is not a catch, however, if&#xA;  simultaneously or immediately following his contact with the ball,&#xA;  he collides with a player, or with a wall, or if he falls down, and as&#xA;  a result of such collision or falling, drops the ball. It is not a&#xA;  catch if a fielder touches a fly ball which then hits a member of the&#xA;  offensive team or an umpire and then is caught by another defensive&#xA;  player. &lt;strong&gt;In establishing the validity of the catch, the fielder shall&#xA;  hold the ball long enough to prove that he has complete control of the&#xA;  ball and that his release of the ball is voluntary and intentional.&lt;/strong&gt; If&#xA;  the fielder has made the catch and drops the ball while in the act of&#xA;  making a throw following the catch, the ball shall be adjudged to have&#xA;  been caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batter is out when - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(1) His fair or foul fly ball (other than a foul tip) is legally caught by a fielder&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-03-15T05:37:02.860" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T05:37:02.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2700" CreationDate="2013-06-01T09:23:37.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am too a hobby swimmer but as part of my triathlon training. I swim with a club where the ability range is from &lt;em&gt;beginner&lt;/em&gt; up to one guy who swam at the &lt;em&gt;Olympics&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without exception all are slower over the same distance when using only legs. So from that survey I would say that you are quite normal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with all three triathlon disciplines the quantity of training will not necessarily make you a better athlete. You must include sprints, pyramids, fartleks and other forms of technique training in order to improve. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At my club our best triathlete can complete an Ironman in under 9 hours - so that's a &lt;em&gt;3.8km&lt;/em&gt; swim in less than an hour followed by a &lt;em&gt;180k&lt;/em&gt; bike ride at an average of &lt;em&gt;39 km/h&lt;/em&gt; and then run a sub &lt;em&gt;3 hour&lt;/em&gt; marathon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To achieve that he trains on average &lt;em&gt;12 hours per week&lt;/em&gt;. Not as much as you would expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1425" LastEditorUserId="1277" LastEditDate="2013-06-01T16:41:34.690" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T16:41:34.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2724" CreationDate="2013-06-01T17:03:50.770" Score="11" ViewCount="39225" Body="&lt;p&gt;Winning the &amp;quot;treble&amp;quot; means winning the three main titles of the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continental championship (e.g. Champions League)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;National league championship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;National cup title&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many teams in the history of football have won the treble?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-06-12T09:16:19.667" LastActivityDate="2023-06-12T09:25:51.897" Title="How many football teams have won the treble?" Tags="|football|history|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2723" CreationDate="2013-06-01T17:09:00.523" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following teams have won a treble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Celtic - 1967&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ajax - 1972&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PSV - 1988&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Manchester United - 1999&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FC Barcelona (2) - 2009, 2015&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Internazionale - 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bayern München (2) - 2013, 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Manchester City - 2023&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-06-11T00:15:54.660" LastActivityDate="2023-06-11T00:15:54.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2700" CreationDate="2013-06-01T23:34:29.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1500m a day seems a very short distance. My ten year old swims 3500 to 4000m each evening as part of her training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was competing in inter-county swimming races in my late teens, I would swim about 5k each evening, and another 1500m each morning. And while I was pretty fast in my county,  I was never going to be up at the speed professionals swim&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At risk of stating the obvious, when you use arms and legs you go much faster than arms or legs alone. This is perfectly normal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T23:34:29.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2013-06-02T01:14:02.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of what is listed here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1146901-baseballs-25-biggest-unwritten-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baseball's 25 Biggest Unwritten Rules&lt;/a&gt; is more about sportsmanship but the article (even if it is a bunch of slides) seems to be cited elsewhere several times.&#xA;Also cited elsewhere is this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/liunwrit.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Book of Unwritten Baseball Rules &lt;/a&gt; which lists a bunch of &quot;unwritten rules&quot; most of the first article repeats, but once again deals a lot w/ sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With a right-hander on the mound, don't walk a right-handed hitter to pitch to a left-handed hitter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Never mention a no-hitter while it's in progress.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A manager should remain detached from his players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit the ball where it's pitched.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If one of your players gets knocked down by a pitch, retaliate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit behind the runner at first.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-04T01:27:22.987" LastActivityDate="2016-10-04T01:27:22.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2730" CreationDate="2013-06-02T11:27:35.523" Score="18" ViewCount="25402" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never seen &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk-Eye#Tennis&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye technology&lt;/a&gt; to be used on clay tournaments. French Open is running at the moment and it is not being used there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;What are the reasons for not using this technology on clay?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Do tennis federations have some rules against it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:08:32.377" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:08:32.377" Title="Why is Hawk-Eye not used on clay courts" Tags="|tennis|technology|video-review|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-02T12:40:22.093" Score="8" ViewCount="794" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the reciever need to wait for the ball to bounce on the table before hitting it back to the opponent?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My question refers to both singles and doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1427" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T14:02:57.230" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T14:02:57.230" Title="Receiving rules on a serve in table tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2727" CreationDate="2013-06-02T15:05:22.150" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right that the French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament without Hawkeye,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is that Clay, unlike grass and hardcourts, leaves a mark that players and umpires can check and verify if the ball was in or out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can argue that some mistakes can be made but that's quite rare, A hawkeye system is very expensive and the cost/benefit ratio doesn't pays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gilbert Ysern, the director general of the French Open and a former umpire, address to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“I don't think we need it,” he said in an interview in his office.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“There are ball marks on clay,” Ysern said with a genial smile, “and&#xA;  our chair umpires are used to checking the marks when needed, and, so&#xA;  why would we need Hawk-Eye?”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And the disputes? “It happens very, very rarely that the officials&#xA;  can't find the mark,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://straightsets.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/why-no-hawk-eye-at-roland-garros/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-06-02T15:05:22.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2728" CreationDate="2013-06-02T19:34:47.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, absolutely - the receiving player must allow the ball to bounce before returning the serve - or any shot, actually. If that was not required by the rules, it would be very easy for the returning player to hit (volley) the ball right as it crossed over the net with a shot that would be nonreturnable by the server, and points would be very short. Basically, it would provide an unfair advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-06-02T19:34:47.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2728" CreationDate="2013-06-02T20:21:01.150" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the receiver needs to wait until the ball touches his playing area, otherwise it counts as being obstructed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about it in table tennis &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pongworld.com/more/rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.05.08   A player obstructs the ball if he or she, or anything he or she wears or carries, touches it in play when it is above or&#xA;travelling towards the playing surface, not having touched his or her&#xA;court since last being struck by his or her opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a player win a point in case his opponent obstructs the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.10 A Point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.10.1 Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.10.01.05    if an opponent obstructs the ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T21:35:43.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2734" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-02T21:15:22.313" Score="6" ViewCount="717" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitcher A allows the potential lead runner to reach base in a tie game. Pitcher B comes in to relieve and gives up a hit, then gets the lead runner out on a fielder's choice. Now, pitcher A has nobody left he put on base. Pitcher B gives up a run-scoring hit and the batted Pitcher B put on with a single scores the winning run. Who gets the loss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1429" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:23:54.680" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T15:30:39.183" Title="Pitching loss in baseball" Tags="|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2727" CreationDate="2013-06-03T06:09:45.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I strongly suspect that the manufacturers of Hawkeye and similar ball tracking systems would actually prefer &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; to have a hard 'ground truth' to compare to being beamed live to millions of viewers. These systems are not as accurate as the TV graphics imply and there use as part of the umpiring process is not all to do with accuracy. It is as much about having a non-human, dispassionate system have the final say when the humans can't agree as arguing with a machine is futile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hawkeyeinnovations.co.uk/page/sports-officiating/tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;manufacturers of Hawkeye&lt;/a&gt; claim a mean accuracy of 3.6mm, although this figure, or at least its interpretation has been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.geog.ucl.ac.uk/~mdisney/teaching/1006/papers/collins_hawkeye.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;called into question&lt;/a&gt;. Basically, since this is an average over some range of shots, it is likely that the actual error in certain circumstances is significantly higher (as detailed in the second reference). Errors approaching 10mm could easily turn the correct result, as observed by the skid mark on clay ground truth, into an incorrect Hawkeye call. It would be terrible publicity to have a top player angrily pointing to the clear evidence on the court that differs from the Hawkeye prediction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T06:09:45.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2737" CreationDate="2013-06-03T06:38:14.040" Score="9" ViewCount="21503" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batsman is Run out if at any time while the ball is in play no&#xA;  part of his bat or person is grounded behind the popping crease and&#xA;  his &lt;strong&gt;wicket(bails) is fairly put down&lt;/strong&gt; by the opposing side.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;                  - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_out&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the situation, if a batsman was bowled on a no-ball and the bails were down the stumps then the batsmen are running for a run, at this time, how the fielders will try to run out the batsmen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this situation, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batsmen are running between the wickets after hitting the ball inside the ground, the ball was thrown to the fielder/WK, he(WK) then hit the stumps with the ball, all the three stumps were pulled off the ground, but the batsman got reached and the ball slipped from his hand and gone for overthrows, now the batsmen started running between the wickets, now how the fielders will try to run out the batsmen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T09:05:24.087" LastActivityDate="2021-04-24T17:18:53.820" Title="Run Out without bails" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2736" CreationDate="2013-06-03T07:48:26.980" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it will be useful&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the bails have already been removed, a fielder can remove a remaining stump by pulling it out or hit out the stump(ensure that the stump is fully out of ground) from the ground with the ball in their hands. A fielder can also &quot;remake&quot; the stumps and remove a stump/bail to effect a runout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from the link &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29#Law_38%3a_Run_out&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061124094133AANZJJA&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-06-03T09:34:30.780" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T09:34:30.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2734" CreationDate="2013-06-03T12:41:40.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you've stated pitcher A gets the loss. Here is the rule from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB official rule book&lt;/a&gt;: 9.16(g)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When pitchers are changed during an inning, the official scorer shall not charge the&#xA;  relief pitcher with any run (earned or unearned) scored by a runner who was on&#xA;  base at the time such relief pitcher entered the game, nor for runs scored by any&#xA;  runner who reaches base on a fielder’s choice that puts out a runner left on base by&#xA;  any preceding pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's because when Pitcher B comes into the game with a runner on and gives up a fielder's choice. He has put his team in a better position to win the game, not a worse one. the other team is less likely to score a run with an additional out and a runner on than they would be with two runners on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just because Pitcher B faced the runner now on base. It's still Pitcher A's responsibility that there are runners on at all. Pitcher B should not be penalized for doing his job (getting an out). If the runner scores it's still the responsibility of Pitcher A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 3 under the comment handles a situation similar to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Peter is pitching. Abel reaches first base on a base on balls. Roger relieves Peter. Baker singles, advancing Abel to third base. Charlie grounds to short, with Abel out at home plate and Baker advancing to second base. Daniel flies out. Edward singles, scoring Baker. Baker’s run is charged to Peter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, we have to think of the intent of the rule, which MLB makes clear in the comment below (H/T to Joe for the suggestion to include this):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is the intent of Rule 9.16(g) (Rule 10.16(g)) to charge each pitcher with the number of runners he put on base, rather than with the individual runners. When a pitcher puts runners on base and is relieved, such pitcher shall be charged with all runs subsequently scored up to and including the number of runners such pitcher left on base when such pitcher left the game, unless such runners are put out without action by the batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2016-02-18T15:30:39.183" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T15:30:39.183" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2736" CreationDate="2013-06-04T07:45:06.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No if the bails are already off the stumps then the fielder can pull the stump out from the ground and batsmen will be given out as a run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding to the answer by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2736/run-out-without-bails/2737#2737&quot;&gt;Ashutosh Mishra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bangladesh Wicket Keeper Mushfiqur Rahim had used this technique in the match against England in World Cup 2011 to Out England Matt Prior.(though it was Stump Out)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can watch the image here on &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/image/505600.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/image/505600.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And video of the wicket in HighLights &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md5rfFQeAeM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T07:45:06.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2741" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-04T11:55:10.020" Score="-2" ViewCount="1846" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the last bounce, followed by two further steps, then a shot to hoop before the end of the third step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this action or the whole process called &lt;em&gt;3-step shot&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0X6IA.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt; In other words, what is the boy doing in the animated picture?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1433" LastEditorUserId="19242" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T08:53:21.687" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T08:53:21.687" Title="3-step shot in basketball" Tags="|basketball|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2013-06-07T18:48:58.700" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2711" CreationDate="2013-06-04T11:56:25.823" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;strong&gt;no requirement&lt;/strong&gt; to have 11 fielders on the field at all times. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-1-the-players/&quot;&gt;Law 1 (The players)&lt;/a&gt; makes provision for the number of players per team to be varied by agreement of the captains:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By agreement a match may be played between sides of fewer than, or more than, eleven players, but not more than eleven players may field at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A no-ball will &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be called if a fielder leaves the field or fails to takes the field. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot;&gt;Law 2.1 (Substitutes and runners)&lt;/a&gt; specifically states that a fielder may leave the field, thereby leaving fewer than 11 fielders on the field:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player wishing to change his shirt, boots, etc. shall leave the field to do so. No substitute shall be allowed for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot;&gt;Law 2.5 (Fielder absent or leaving the field)&lt;/a&gt;, she/he may not return without the consent of the umpire (which will be given as soon as possible). If she/he does so and touches the ball while in play, the umpire will award &lt;strong&gt;penalty runs&lt;/strong&gt; under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot;&gt;Law 2.6 (Player returning without permission)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player comes on to the field of play in contravention of 5(b) above and comes into contact with the ball while it is in play [...] the ball shall immediately become dead and the umpire shall award 5 penalty runs to the batting side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T12:03:20.117" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T12:03:20.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2774" CreationDate="2013-06-04T16:08:39.290" Score="5" ViewCount="3715" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a lot of sport gears where some of the material is leather. Over time, the leather become easily broken. There must be some oil or something to protect the leather cover. How can I oil/protect the leather to last longer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/B8NMZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-14T14:15:42.120" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T03:09:52.217" Title="How to maintain sport gears made of leather? Oil them not to get holes? Repairs?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|maintenance|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2744" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-04T16:18:22.647" Score="7" ViewCount="29703" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the 2013 NBA playoffs, many people speculated that the Miami Heat would go 16-0 (e.g. sweep every series) en route to their 2nd straight title.  As I watched the Miami Heat trounce the Indiana Pacers in game 7 of the 2013 Eastern Conference Finals, it seemed apparent that they definitely had the capability to do so.  I then thought of what is most certainly a ridiculous but nevertheless interesting idea.  What if the Heat players were instructed to lose in order to have more home games, e.g. increase revenue.  (&lt;em&gt;This is not my question, so please don't answer that!&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree, there's no way a group of professional athletes would even risk such a thing, but it got me wondering, &lt;strong&gt;how much revenue does a team make for a playoff game?&lt;/strong&gt;  I know it's driven largely by ticket cost and arena size, but is there any per-team data available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(FWIW: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.miaminewtimes.com/2012-01-12/news/miami-heat-s-micky-arison-keeps-american-airlines-arena-profits/full/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; paints Heat owner Micky Arison in a pretty selfish light, so perhaps my conspiracy theory isn't far off ;) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T23:34:17.290" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T23:34:17.290" Title="How much revenue does a team make for a playoff game?" Tags="|nba|finances|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2744" CreationDate="2013-06-04T16:58:02.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://wagesofwins.com/2013/03/28/the-best-nba-markets-of-2012-13/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ticket sales &lt;em&gt;alone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in 2012-13 the Heat made 1.44 million &lt;em&gt;per game&lt;/em&gt;. That said, the average NBA fan spends something like and additional $25 (the numbers for cost I see seem to indicate that it's tickets for 4 + ~$100 which then divided 4 ways gives us $25). The Heat regularly sell out regular season games and I'm sure they fill to capacity for these playoff games. The max capacity for their arena is listed at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Arena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;19,600&lt;/a&gt;. Which puts combined concessions and parking at around half a million dollars per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means their revenue including concessions and parking comes in at least 2 million dollars per game (this is low considering they raise average ticket prices for playoff games). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests that by playing 2 extra home playoff games the heat brought in an additional 4 million dollars in revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this doesn't necessarily directly benefit the Heat. They are subject to a revenue sharing agreement with the league and as much as 30% of their profits &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;may be shared&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T17:24:07.057" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T17:24:07.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2727" CreationDate="2013-06-04T20:30:01.453" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Balls can skid much longer distances on clay.  On hard courts only the ball measurably changes (deforms) on impact.  On clay both the ball and the court are changing simultaneously as a layer of dirt is shifted around.  These factors make Hawk-Eye's job more challenging on clay and it would be logical to conclude that Hawk-Eye's margin of error increases on clay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1436" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T20:30:01.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2741" CreationDate="2013-06-05T14:32:17.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The animation you reference represents an ideal case scenario of a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lay up&lt;/a&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just one example of a lay up. There are many examples because of defensive factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-05T14:45:36.757" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T14:45:36.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2751" CreationDate="2013-06-07T15:11:47.610" Score="10" ViewCount="22364" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can see many times, the captains and the players of the bowling team were suspended for slow over-rates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How the over-rate for a fielding team is calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it vary between different forms of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the batting team delays the match by changing gloves, bat or other things means will it affect the over-rate? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-14T14:27:25.587" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T15:48:28.493" Title="What is the minimum over-rate?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2750" CreationDate="2013-06-07T18:29:34.133" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.questioncricket.com/2009/05/over-rate.html&quot;&gt;how overrate&lt;/a&gt; is calculated for different formats:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ODI:&lt;/strong&gt; In ODI, 50 overs should be completed in 210 min as per the rules and out of this 10 min is provided for Drinks breaks. So the total time allotted for an over is 200/50 = 4 min. By considering this, the over rate per hour is 15 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20:&lt;/strong&gt; For T20, the total time is 75 min and 20 overs has to be completed in 75 mins(Drinks breaks are included in this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Test:&lt;/strong&gt; For every test match 90 overs has to be bowled in 6 hours and team can get an additional half an hour at the end of the day if requested. Again 15 overs should be bowled in an hour and 7 overs in half an hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Slow overrate rules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thatscricket.com/news/2012/02/20/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-slow-over-rate.html&quot;&gt;ICC's Standard ODI Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The minimum over rate to be achieved by a team is 14.28 overs per&#xA;  hour. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;However the actual over rate will be calculated at the end of the match&#xA;  by the umpires.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule regarding slow overrate is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fielding team has to adhere to &quot;Minimum Over Rates.&quot; If a team is&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;short upto two overs in an ODI it is a &quot;Minor Over Rate Offence&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. A &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Serious &#xA;  Over Rate Offence&quot; is if a team is more than two overs short in ODIs&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It is the&#xA;  same for Twenty20 Internationals while in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tests, upto five overs short&#xA;  is a &quot;Minor Over Rate Offence.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More than five is &quot;Serious Over Rate&#xA;  Offence.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per ICC's rules, a captain will be fined 20% of his match fee per one over for the offence. Each player of the team is also fined 10% per over. If the captain is guilty of &quot;Serious Over Rate Offence&quot;, he will be was banned from one match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the important thing is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While calculating overrate, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Umpires will take into consideration&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  the time lost during an innings, due to treatment for an injured&#xA;  player, a player leaving the field for serious injury, third umpire&#xA;  consultations, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;time wasting by batting side and all other&#xA;  circumstances that are beyond the control of the fielding side&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That essentially answers your last question on batting team delaying things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-06-07T18:29:34.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-09T00:24:38.870" Score="4" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have broken far too many watches: their knobs, their hinges, their internal metallic support, scratched the glass, etc. I have scaled back to very cheap watches because so fed up to breaking expensive ones let them be any sport thing such as Suunto, Polar or any normal watch. I want to wear my watch everywhere such as sauna, asleep, school and work. Sauna infers material of low heat conductance such as stainless-steel or titanium. Asleep infers screw-style strengthening of the knob not to get open/broken during sleeping. Running infers strong mechanical features and still needs to be lightweight. 24/7 infers it needs to look great, two time-zones for traveling could be great. There are probably many other things such as interval-training and timing to consider. For now, I am trying to find ways to find a watch that is able to last even at the first place. I may need many watches but for simplicity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How should you select a watch that you want to wear 24/7 during &lt;strong&gt;sport&lt;/strong&gt;, shower and daily life? Which features do you think are the key things to sustain the 24/7 usage? Does there exist any bionic watch attach to the skin so the watch would not stuck to anything like rocks while climbing?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-09T16:40:31.747" LastActivityDate="2013-11-18T11:10:55.597" Title="How to select watch able to sustain sprinting and heavy sporty usage 24/7?" Tags="|equipment|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2762" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2763" CreationDate="2013-06-10T18:41:45.797" Score="9" ViewCount="3062" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each conference round in the NBA playoffs is a best-of-seven series played in a 2-2-1-1-1 format...or the team with home-court advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5, and 7 while their opponent hosts games 3, 4, and 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the NBA Finals is a best-of-seven series is played in a 2-3-2 format...or the team with home-court advantage hosts games 1, 2, 6, and 7 while their opponent hosts games 3, 4, and 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the motivation behind using the 2-3-2 series format for the NBA Finals?&lt;/strong&gt; Do &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/163/what-factors-give-a-home-advantage-and-how-big-is-it&quot;&gt;factors of home-court advantage&lt;/a&gt; change in a 2-3-2 series format vs. a 2-2-1-1-1 series format?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-06-17T06:52:39.127" Title="What is the motivation behind using the 2-3-2 (vs. 2-2-1-1-1) series format for the NBA Finals?" Tags="|basketball|nba|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2762" CreationDate="2013-06-10T19:43:00.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is basically just a cost reduction choice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You save each team two charter flights by playing a three game set in the middle, so instead of having to travel four times in the series there are only two travel dates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no real change in the home court advantage scenario. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sweep still requires either team to win two at home and two on the road. A 5 game victory does require the team with home court to win two on the road (when it would only require one road victory). However, a team that wins both of its first two home games is still guaranteed a third home game before being eliminated regardless of whether they have home court advantage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only scenario that is different is a win in 5 games. In the normal playoff format the home team gets 3 games a home out of the first five and the road team gets two. In the 2-3-2 case the road team gets three of the first five at home. This seems to give the road team a slight advantage if they manage to steal one of the first two games. However, this same advantage is also present in the other format, it just doesn't occur until game 6. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T23:04:55.730" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T23:04:55.730" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3023" CreationDate="2013-06-10T19:53:51.030" Score="7" ViewCount="1362" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing disc golf for several years and have experimented with an overhand (or tomahawk) shot for several years. However, the shot has always been inconsistent for me. It always gets the required height, but rarely achieves the distance I want on it. I know that there is a way to get it to turn over (so that the disc is flying upside down) and I occasionally achieve this, but I cannot do it consistently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the technique for achieving this shot? Are certain discs better at achieving the turnover than others? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T19:55:07.337" LastActivityDate="2013-08-08T19:13:39.657" Title="How can I get my overhand throw to properly turn over?" Tags="|technique|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2766" CreationDate="2013-06-10T20:16:04.223" Score="13" ViewCount="38330" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the years I've used many badminton rackets, with a wide variety of code numbering placed at the beginning of the shaft:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;G4/3U&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  G2/2U&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can somebody give me detailed information about the meaning of those codes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:26:50.490" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T23:19:57.943" Title="Different Badminton Grip and Weight Types" Tags="|equipment|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2765" CreationDate="2013-06-10T20:23:20.540" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE:&lt;/strong&gt; There appears to be no universal, consistent standard for these codes as codes for a manufacturer/country may represent opposite meanings compared to another manufacturer/country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; is in reference to grip sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt; is in reference to racket weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a &lt;em&gt;majority&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-information.com/badminton_rackets.html&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; of rackets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintoncentral.com/forums/showthread.php/21340-Table-of-Badminton-Grip-Sizes&quot;&gt;Grip sizes&lt;/a&gt; range from &lt;strong&gt;G1&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;G2&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;G3&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;G4&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;G5&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G1&lt;/strong&gt; - 3 in (smallest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G2&lt;/strong&gt; - 3 1/4 in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G3&lt;/strong&gt; - 3 1/2 in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G4&lt;/strong&gt; - 3 3/4 in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G5&lt;/strong&gt; - 4 in (largest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Japan, they range from G2, G3, G4 to G5 where G2 is the biggest&#xA;  size and G5 is the smallest size. In some countries, the opposite&#xA;  applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Racket weight ranges from &lt;strong&gt;1U&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;2U&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;3U&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;4U&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1U&lt;/strong&gt; - up to 100 grams (heaviest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4U&lt;/strong&gt; - at least 70 grams (lightest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:14:40.097" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T13:14:40.097" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2767" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2771" CreationDate="2013-06-10T21:04:15.760" Score="10" ViewCount="919" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just the other day I was talking to a colleague and he was telling me soccer fields can differ in size, up to 20 meters in width.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can somebody give me the exact word on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T14:27:33.800" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T14:33:00.253" Title="Football Field Size" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="69" CreationDate="2013-06-11T02:07:58.970" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you buy balls from a department store the balls will usually be all official tournament size, these balls are often two star balls, however the three star balls are official size and weight, and you will notice that when playing with them that the two star balls do not bounce as well. So next time you're playing welts or beer pong, make sure you aren't using your tournament quality balls, save them for official play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T02:07:58.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2769" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2770" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" Score="0" Body="Questions about wickets, or a set of stumps and bails, the pitch, or the dismissal of a batsman, in cricket." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T03:26:22.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2767" CreationDate="2013-06-11T05:56:23.097" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/dimensions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, the width of the field can be between 45 to 90 meters and must be smaller then its length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Dimensions&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 1 – the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Length (touch line):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;minimum 90 m (100 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;maximum 120 m (130 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Width (goal line):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;minimum 45 m (50 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;maximum 90 m (100 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All lines must be of the same width, which must be not more than 12 cm&#xA;  (5 ins).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;International matches&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/dimensions-for-international-matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;international matches&lt;/a&gt;, the following dimensions are needed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Length&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;minimum 100 m (110 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;maximum 110 m (120 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Width (goal line):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;minimum 64 m (70 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;maximum 75 m (80 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T14:33:00.253" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T14:33:00.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2743" CreationDate="2013-06-11T07:25:19.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is a major task to maintain any leather material,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to clean a leather&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of leather&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;finished&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;unfinished&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and you can use water to differentiate different leathers, video &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2cIhIWzl7w#t=1m30s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; showing how: shortly, if it soaks water, it is unfinished leather; if it does not soak water, it is a finished leather. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.howtocleanstuff.net/how-to-clean-leather/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; explains the below about working with different kinds of leather. The steps are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;preservation/softening&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;conditioning&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the preservers contain mink-oil and neatsfoot oil. Saddle soap is an example about conditioning, a key component is the beewax-turpentine mixture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Copied from the informercial &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.howtocleanstuff.net/how-to-clean-leather/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Washing Finished Leather&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Apply a gentle, moisturizing soap such as Dove with a clean cloth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Work soap into a lather.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Wipe away lather with clean damp cloth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;DO NOT use water to rinse the lather off of the leather.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Polish with a dry towel.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Let dry completely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When the item is completely dry, treat with a leather conditioner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Washing Unfinished Leather&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rub saddle soap into the leather with a damp cloth or sponge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Work soap into a lather.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Remove lather with clean cloth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Allow to dry.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When completely dry, oil the leather with a preservative such a mink oil.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Tips and Advice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When storing leather handbags, stuff with tissue to help retain their shape.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Never store leather in a plastic bag or other non-breathable cover as it will dry the leather out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Avoid storing leather in very humid or very dry environments, and avoid placing in direct sunlight.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2013-06-13T21:41:40.827" LastActivityDate="2013-06-13T21:41:40.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2040" CreationDate="2013-06-11T11:06:54.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Duckworth-Lewis can be applied at any stage: the tables allow for the calculation of the par score after each ball, so a team could theoretically win on D/L after just one ball of their innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in order to prevent teams winning on the basis of such a small &amp;quot;sample size&amp;quot;, to borrow a statistical term (for instance, winning on the strength of hitting the first ball of the innings for 6), playing regulations (such as in international cricket) specify that a minimum number of overs must have been completed in each innings for a result to be decided. As @Orangecrush states, in 50-over ODIs this is set at a 20-over minimum, and in 20-over T20Is at 5 overs. As the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; state, in section 12.4.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] to constitute a match, a minimum&#xA;of 20 overs have to be bowled to the side batting second,&#xA;subject to a result not being achieved earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for T20I:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] to constitute a match, a&#xA;minimum of 5 overs have to be bowled to the side batting&#xA;second, subject to a result not being achieved earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T11:06:54.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2743" CreationDate="2013-06-11T12:03:40.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose your ice-hockey gloves use leather made of cattle. It sounds natural that the best oil to use with it is an oil of cattle such as neatsfoot oil or some other animal-oil with similar properties. Mink-oil cannot be used as a neatsoil because it is not liquid in room-temperature, this is a key feature way neatsfoot looks to be the best candidate to get your gloves soft and last longer. After letting the leather to absorb the neatsfoot oil, you can add the final polish with minkoil that can be bought as a solid in room-temperature, better protection against hits on the top layer. So my recommendation is to &lt;em&gt;use neatfoot oil and mink oil&lt;/em&gt; or a &lt;em&gt;creamy animal-oil&lt;/em&gt; (see the below example). Do not use the mink-oil for the final polishing if you need extra friction like on ice-hockey gloves. For baseball-gloves where the friction is a no-brainer, I think you could add it or choose the plan III.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06ovCUBy_cU#t=54s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neatsfoot (animal oil)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is recommended over linseed oil due to smell &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php/712312-Linseed-Oil-for-leather-sheaths&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and one answer recommends to use neatsfoot oil for leather and linseed oil for wood. This sounds logical because of the different ecology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. &lt;strong&gt;Mink oil (animal oil)&lt;/strong&gt; for adding the final protection on the leather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;III. &lt;strong&gt;Creamy animal oil&lt;/strong&gt; only (heat/dry it well before using -- example below apparently with lamb oil)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the non-animal-based solutions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IV. &lt;em&gt;Linseed oil (non-animal oil)&lt;/em&gt; is a cheap candidate but results into a nasty smell like baseball-glove over time, more in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://forums.corvetteforum.com/c3-general/1910312-linseed-oil-to-soften-leather.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thread&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;V. &lt;em&gt;Wax (non-animal thing)&lt;/em&gt; such as beewax is also mentioned but this requires you to dilute it with turpentine to break carbon-chains smaller, apparently targeted for people loving animals. One example is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BAHx0KBpT4#t=4m10s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beewax, turpentine and linseed oil in 2:1:1 ratio&lt;/a&gt; (key pictures &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/L2fUG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8jBD7.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; about the process)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the animal-oils are apparently better in protecting against cuts and holes, please, see the comment by the user gbianchi. Also the non-animal-based solution with beewax uses mineral oils that can be bad to your gloves according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neatsfoot_oil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;: mineral-oil-based solutions can destroy the stitching and &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;speed breakdown of the leather itself&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Examples are turpentine-beewax-solution and &lt;a href=&quot;http://gizmodo.com/5932262/10-surprising-uses-for-wd+40-and-5-places-it-should-never-be-sprayed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WD40&lt;/a&gt;. Some manufacturers add non-animal oils soya oil to the animal oils -- this may have no issue, anyway pay attention to concentrations. So if you choose a wax or a linseed-oil, pay attention that the leather does not break up easily. Also if you buy an animal-oil, check up the concentrations -- it may have some components such as synthetic oil bad to your gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have experience in using non-animal oils with leather footballs over two years' intensive training. Even though my balls were less intensively used to other balls, they apparently got dry because of the bad oil -- I used vegetable-oil that did no good with the balls: they become even more dry and eventually broken. My hypothesis is that animal-oil may be better and the way you process the sinking and afterwards cleaning is very important: you need to get the extra out and let enough time for the ball to absorb the oil and recover. If you are uncertain how to do this, do not do it -- otherwise you risk damaging your equipment!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bMzzK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I visited shoemaking places and leather craftmen around Helsinki and they recommended&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A) do not use any oil and buy replacement service (75EUR) for the leather when needed or the gloves become too slippery&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B) use a creamy animal-oil&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the A I think is pretty outrageous particularly if your gloves costed less than 75EUR.  So I went on and tested the animal-oil cream lotion in Woly Creme Essentielle Leather Balm (150 ml costed me about 9EUR). Now because I strike from the left, the right glove is much more consumed than the left glove. The left glove was in excellent condition while the right glove getting too dry so I used the oil only on the right not wanting to get the left any slippery. The result: the gloves are much more confortable in the hands and and the right glove is not anymore dry to get broken and not too slippery! Even though the craftmen warned that the gloves can become too slippery and they tried to sell me service of replacing the leather, the leather did not become too slippery because I used it only the smallest amount and the places where really needed -- I think I saved a pair of ice-hockey gloves for a year at least! When you apply the oil, have some protective gloves because the animal-oil gets absorbed through your skin and it feels bad. Test your gloves only after getting the gloves totally dry so you won't get the oil to your hands. I also recommend to use the smallest amount posible the oil so your hands won't get the oil absorbed and the gloves not getting any slippery while still getting soft enough not getting broken and to last longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever you choose for the leather to absorb the oil, heat speeds up the process. When you apply the oil to the leather, let it sink for a while -- many sources/videos recommend 24 hours' sinking. If you use wax, you need to rub it and use external heat to get it well into the leather. After the sinking/rubbing-heating, you need to rub/clean the extra oil/wax off. If you use your leather equipment such as gloves or ball too early, you risk damaging the equipment! You need to let enough time for the gloves or ball to recover so you don't get a hole to the leather after short time use or airs out of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this saves you some leather equipments over time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-06-15T00:43:26.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2775" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-06-11T13:18:10.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A racket, or racquet, is a common implement used in &quot;ball-and-net&quot; sports such as tennis, racquetball, squash, badminton, and similar games. It is typically composed of a rigid frame, traditionally wood but more recently aluminum or titanium, with a round or rough triangular open section strung in an orthogonal pattern with high-tension filament to form the &quot;face&quot;, and a &quot;neck&quot; protruding from the frame along the plane of the face, with a handle wrapped in leather or similar synthetic material to grip. The racket is used to propel the ball by striking it with a swinging motion, so that the ball contacts the taut strings, which form a kind of trampoline to accelerate the ball. The combination of the ball's incoming vector, the angle of the swing, and the angle of the face relative to the swing path, all determine the path along which the ball will leave the racket, and other considerations such as the amount of spin placed on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact size and shape of the racket depends on the sport. Originally, rackets for most of these sports were relatively similar, an oval wooden frame with solid neck of medium to long length. Modern racquets have adapted to meet the needs and conform to the rules of the varying sports as they have diverged. For tennis, the frame of the face is oval, and the neck is an extension of the frame rails down into the handle, shorted than most other types. Racquetball racquets are shorter still, and the frame forms a rough triangular shape allowing the player to make better contact with a ball travelling close to a wall or the ground. Squash racquets are more similar to tennis racquets, but longer, narrower and with a more egg-shaped face. Badminton racquets are very light-framed, with a small oval face and a slim, long neck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A related implement similar in theory to a racquet, but with a solid face and no taut strings, is known as a &quot;paddle&quot;, and is used for sports such as table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-08-09T02:14:46.347" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T02:14:46.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2776" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-06-11T13:18:10.283" Score="0" Body="Questions about rackets, or a piece of necessary equipment used in racket sports such as squash, tennis, table-tennis (ping-pong), racquetball, and badminton." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-11T13:18:10.283" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T13:18:10.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2013-06-11T19:39:16.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play sweeper. And I'm a senior in high school. My job is pretty clear but very hard to actually do. The sweep we'd job is to coach. I feel like I've had my best game when the other three defenders have played well. With that said, I am NOT obsolete. The sweeper ideally shouldn't have to touch the ball. However people screw up sometimes. The sweeper should simply clean up the garbage and continue to provide knowledge and instruction through his vision. The sweeper doesn't mean that the other defenders don't develop. But it does mean that they don't necessarily get punished on the scoreboard when they make a mistake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1459" LastActivityDate="2013-06-11T19:39:16.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2898" CreationDate="2013-06-11T21:42:20.230" Score="10" ViewCount="1303" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a ping pong paddle with one side that has sandpaper grip and another paddle with a nicer rubber that unfortunately is broken. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to put the rubber from the broken paddle on the paddle with the sandpaper rubber. Is there an &lt;em&gt;easy&lt;/em&gt; way to change the rubber on a ping pong paddle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-06-12T16:57:35.493" LastActivityDate="2013-07-12T20:38:17.167" Title="Changing Rubber on a Ping Pong Paddle" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2779" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-11T23:43:25.333" Score="13" ViewCount="722" Body="&lt;p&gt;The skin can get broken. The skin can get too dry and then broken. Blisters may develop with certain shoes. Pain in tibial tendon may be more regular with fore-foot training. Pain in knees may be more regular with with middle-foot training or back-foot training. If you have too much weight, it may be better to train more in swimming pool rather than on tracks to avoid injuries in bones and muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are ways you manage wear as a long-distance runner? How have you planned your life-style and training to avoid injuries?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T18:04:49.033" Title="How to manage wear in long-distance running?" Tags="|running|technique|marathon|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2779" CreationDate="2013-06-11T23:43:25.333" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1RPGa.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Follow your feelings and do what you love! Why do runners love running?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runner can experience wears such as blisters, feel odd pains or feel pains too late. If you have too much adrenaline in your blood, you may feel abrupt pain at the very end and not during running -- this makes it extremely important to design training schedule or you may break your tendons or something else. Interval training is extremely important part of safe training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to understand some basic physiology of your body. Dizziness may simply be because of dehydration. Fever may simply be because of running out of energy. Too much wear and too long recover time may be because of poorly-designed training schedules or misusing equipments such as shoes. Chronic diseases such as diabetes I can mean much more delicate training schedules and continuous monitoring of things such as energy intake, energy burnt and blood-sugar-level. Wear can be due to multiple reasons. It can be because of a cut. It may be because you do not understand basic skin maintenance and or basic hygiene. It may be because your diet misses some important item or you have wrong diet with certain training. Nevertheless it is extremely important to learn basic wear maintenance to avoid infections and that way also illnesses. Running can be an extremely good for the type II diabetists to work with the insulin-resistance. It will be good for your stamina or at least it can be a form of perfection to learn new things about life and how it works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I list below items for the wear management. It misses rehabilitation and how things can differ when things go very bad. For the start, you should match your fitness profile to distance like with the distance-profiler &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mcmillanrunning.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; but as injured/worn-out you may need to rehabilitate through other forms of sport first such as swimming and cycling. Safe training requires work! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nutrients&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nutrients below can be essential to your training. Health has many parts such as muscle health, joint health, bone health and performance. I recommend natural sources for Glucosamine like seashell. Measure your ground mineral levels periodically: iron deficiency can make you powerless particularly in hot sweaty weather. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_amino_acid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BCAA&lt;/a&gt;: after long distance running like 60-90 minutes, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;catabolism&lt;/a&gt; will start to break down fats and muscle in order to release energy. This can be experienced as different kinds of pains such as knee pain. Before the training, BCAA supplement can protect against the muscle loss. BCAA can also be got from a variety of food. &lt;strong&gt;BCAA is for muscle health&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinterest.com/pin/484066659923213486/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glucosamine&lt;/a&gt; alleviates the pain in joints particularly when digested naturally from bone marrow, animal bones, the shells of shellfish and fungi with enough fat. This is something that will make repetitive training less painful to bones and joints. In comparison, BCAA is for muscle pain and not for joint/bone pain like Glucosamine. &lt;strong&gt;Glucosamine is for joint/bone health.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Iron&lt;/strong&gt; is a common supplement in endurance runners by the Journal article &lt;a href=&quot;http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/Sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/7841.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It plays a key role in many metabolism reactions: too low serum ferritin levels can result to fatigue and lack of interest in training. Measure the iron levels before supplemenations because of too much iron is toxic and ground minerals such as iron and zinc are tradeoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Glutamine&lt;/strong&gt; fuels white blood cells that are &lt;strong&gt;important for immune system&lt;/strong&gt;. Natural sources of glutamine contain sources rich in protein. Notice that &lt;a href=&quot;https://draxe.com/l-glutamine-benefits-side-effects-dosage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;One of L-glutamine’s main roles in the body is to support detoxification by cleansing the body from high levels of ammonia&lt;/strong&gt;. It acts as a buffer and converts excess ammonia into other amino acids, amino sugars and urea. (12)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and it follows  &lt;a href=&quot;https://draxe.com/l-glutamine-benefits-side-effects-dosage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Doing approximately &lt;strong&gt;one hour of exercise can cause a 40 percent reduction of glutamine in the body&lt;/strong&gt;. It can also cause suppressed immune function. This has a negative impact on your resistance training and may lead to overtraining syndrome.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shoes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;use &lt;strong&gt;many shoes&lt;/strong&gt;: now the wear gets to different positions so more time for skin to heal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;powder in shoes&lt;/strong&gt; to add an extra layer of movement: I use normal kitchen-cooking-powders particularly with shoes getting me blisters (my friend is recommending magnesium for this)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;not using the same shoes in a row&lt;/strong&gt;: shoes require some time to recover, this makes them last longer and you can be more certain of using proper shoes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;enough washing of shoes:&lt;/strong&gt; you don't want to get wear because of laziness!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Training&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;scheduled daily interval-training:&lt;/strong&gt; 10km, 3km,3km, 5km, 10km, 15km, pause, stretching, 3km, 5km, ...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;enough &lt;strong&gt;hydration&lt;/strong&gt; particularly during sunny training -- I have noticed that sunny training requires easily many litres more drinking than non-sunny training! &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;avoid too much &lt;strong&gt;sun&lt;/strong&gt; -- particularly if your skin is not used to it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if you have a blister during running, &lt;strong&gt;change the running-style&lt;/strong&gt;: sometimes the pain goes away when you interval-run between fore-foot-running, middle-foot-running and back-foot-running. Changing running style also results in more balanced wear over your whole body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;improve &lt;strong&gt;technique&lt;/strong&gt; like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinterest.com/pin/484066659921474711/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gazello running style, glider running style&lt;/a&gt;, middle-foot running style and high cadency running. Please notice that the gazello running style used by elite marathoners is very exhaustive to the whole body and it requires sufficient flexibility in posterior/anterior muscles in legs, knees and hips. Personally I am right-legged and noticed that it is easy to overtrain the other side causing the inflexibilities to the legs meaning that in high tempo the middle part of your body (potentially related to Diaphragm-Psoas Connection) does unnecessary twisting around the axis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinterest.com/pin/484066659920765026/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pYiGf.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;adapt the running style to the environment&lt;/strong&gt;: save your knees by using forefoot running on hard surfaces. Save your tibial tendon on softer surfaces, now middle/back-foot running will result into less stress to your knees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Life-style&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;proper diet:&lt;/strong&gt; intensive &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTM2TXQrMxA&amp;amp;feature=share&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tibial tendon&lt;/a&gt; training requires more protein-fat-loaded food, good against injuries and faster recovery. Bananas after normal training good. Listen to your body: any pain in muscles or bones may reflect wrong diet, many times a good balanced diet with enough fat makes knee-pains and tibial pain going away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;body lotion&lt;/strong&gt; and repeated lotioning to dry skin after intensive training&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;enough sleep:&lt;/strong&gt; you will get wear and blisters sooner-or-later, remember to sleep enough!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pharmacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;B12 lotion or B12 powder against soar wears particularly with thighs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;middle-fat lotion against cuts/dry-skin for soles such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ri2mf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T13:28:16.627" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T13:28:16.627" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2781" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-12T14:26:22.290" Score="20" ViewCount="761" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2750/what-is-the-minimum-over-rate-for-a-fielding-team-in-international-matches&quot;&gt;slow over rate&lt;/a&gt; is an issue of the fielding team that can be punished by ICC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/605137.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;June 2012&lt;/a&gt; Misbah ul-Haq got punished (banned for one match) but their players didn't get that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in May 2012, England v West Indies, 1st Test, all the players of WI got &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-west-indies-2012/content/story/565733.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;punishment&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which team has gotten the most punishments for slow over rate? I think it's possible to trace this out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bonus question, if it's even possible to answer:&lt;/em&gt; Which player has gotten the most punishments for slow over rate including overall formats of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T05:37:43.900" Title="Which team has gotten the most punishments for slow over rate?" Tags="|cricket|icc|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2782" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2783" CreationDate="2013-06-12T17:33:30.897" Score="9" ViewCount="1884" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing squash for several years now and gone through several racquets, a Wilson, a Black Knight, and now a Dunlop. My friend has had a Dunlop racquet for the last few years as well. He has had to replace his grommet strip on several occasions. I believe these damaged grommets to be the reason for his strings breaking. I had a Black Knight racquet for over four years before I broke it on an ill place backhand shot, and in all those years I never had a single grommet break even once. now that I have a Dunlop racquet I am worried that the grommet strip wont stand up as well. if I ever need to replace the string is there only one grommet strip made for a design of racquet or are there tougher grommet strips that I can buy? Or even get a Black Knight one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-12T17:38:15.540" LastActivityDate="2013-06-21T18:33:12.373" Title="Squash Raquet Grommet Strip" Tags="|equipment|racket|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2782" CreationDate="2013-06-12T19:23:24.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racquet manufacturers (for squash, badminton, tennis, racquetball, etc) these days design specs for every racquet using modeling tools on a computer so that they can get detailed measurements to the manufacturers. The grommets have specs just like the racquets do. The space between the holes in the hoop of the racquet must be known and be precise in order to make grommets that fit properly. Same for the size of the holes drilled in the hoop. So the answer to your question about one grommet strip made for one design of a racquet is yes - grommets are designed/made generally for one racquet only. That's why, for example, on a page like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squashgear.com/noname.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, they ask which model squash racquet you have when purchasing grommets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some rare cases where the grommets for one type of racquet will &quot;fit&quot; in another if you can manage to heat the grommet (plastic) and stretch it a little so that it fits into the other type of racquet but, like I said, it's fairly rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I would recommend, if you're worried about the durability of the grommets, is find some racquet head tape and put it over the part of the grommets that you're worried will break down (usually from about 9-to-3 o'clock on the racquet head). This will help hold the grommet together and decrease the chance of the grommet breaking and/or splintering - which is the root cause of strings breaking in cases where the string rubs against a sharp edge of a broken grommet. This head (a.k.a &quot;guard&quot;) tape will need to be replaced anytime you change the strings in your racquet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-06-12T19:23:24.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2785" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3014" CreationDate="2013-06-13T10:02:50.360" Score="8" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Various criteria, such as number of wins, UCI points, are good for comparing GC contenders and sprinters. Climbing times and wattage can say a lot about quality of a climber. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But quality of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestique&quot;&gt;domestiques&lt;/a&gt; is a very important factor in order to achieve team's objectives in any race, too. I am not able to think of some (at least partially) objective criteria to evaluate domestiques.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are there some criteria by which performance of domestiques can be rated?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are there some websites which give rankings/ratings of cycling domestiques?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-06-13T10:09:40.743" LastActivityDate="2013-10-27T06:13:30.883" Title="How can quality of a domestique be rated?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2787" CreationDate="2013-06-13T12:46:18.787" Score="5" ViewCount="8846" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, Malinga bowled an over with 4 leg-byes, but it was given a maiden over.&#xA;Then I searched about that and got the details as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a bowler delivers a complete over without a run being scored from&#xA;  the bat (even though the opponents may have scored extras by means of&#xA;  byes or leg byes), he has achieved a maiden over. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358427/maiden-over&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a doubt, if the bowler bowls a wide or no-ball, will it be considered as a maiden?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above statement only states about byes or leg-byes, wides and no-balls are also considered as extras. The wide can't be dealt with bat, but a no-ball can get contact with the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the clear question is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are all the requirements for a maiden over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-15T11:06:36.440" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T11:16:18.177" Title="Does the maiden over includes extras?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2786" CreationDate="2013-06-13T22:50:18.883" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wides and no-balls are known as &lt;em&gt;bowling extras&lt;/em&gt; and are counted against the bowler (think of the bowler being at fault for them), and therefore an over that includes any bowling extras cannot be a maiden over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Byes and leg-byes are, by contrast, known as &lt;em&gt;fielding extras&lt;/em&gt; (think of the fielders being at fault - the wicketkeeper failing to take the ball, for instance) and do not count against the bowler, so a maiden over may include byes and leg-byes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A maiden over, in short, is an over containing neither any runs off the bat nor any bowling extras (wides and no-balls).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tom Smith's Umpiring and Scoring&lt;/em&gt; (one of the foremost, possibly the foremost, reference books on umpiring and scoring in cricket) &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M9O1rJfNOGUC&amp;amp;pg=PT187&amp;amp;lpg=PT187&amp;amp;dq=tom%20smith%27s%20cricket%20umpiring%20and%20scoring%20maiden&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=UNMCHdRI0q&amp;amp;sig=9URTOyM5WveSPzQk_AJx0aM7Arg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=b0W8UfKsIMmt0QWsmoGoCg&amp;amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA&quot;&gt;has this to say&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A maiden over is one where no runs are conceded by the bowler, i.e. the striker has no scored any runs and there have been no bowling extras (No balls or Wides). It may include fielding extras (Byes, Leg byes or penalty runs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-15T10:50:32.353" LastActivityDate="2013-06-15T10:50:32.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2795" CreationDate="2013-06-14T10:58:27.200" Score="6" ViewCount="10014" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here we already discussed &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2556/how-the-net-runrate-for-each-team-is-calculated-in-ipl&quot;&gt;how the net run rate is calculated&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the match gets stopped due to rain, then how is the NRR calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider both of these situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match stopped due to rain, but the result decided by DL method&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match stopped without result after bowled a few overs in second innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T07:49:36.397" Title="How is the net run rate calculated if the match stopped due to rain?" Tags="|rules|cricket|scoring|duckworth-lewis|interruption|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2791" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" LastActivityDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2792" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of gymnastics." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" LastActivityDate="2013-06-14T14:13:36.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2793" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-06-14T14:18:25.250" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-14T14:18:25.250" LastActivityDate="2013-06-14T14:18:25.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2794" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-06-14T14:18:25.250" Score="0" Body="Questions about the preservation and maintenance (care, assembly, disassembly, improvements, etc.) of sports items (equipment, collectibles, etc.)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T12:25:19.967" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T12:25:19.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2790" CreationDate="2013-06-15T11:03:17.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that net run rate is not part of the Laws, being only applicable to games played within a tournament, and so the precise method of calculation will depend on how the tournament specifies it (although I believe it remains virtually identical across tournaments, with possibly no changes at all). In the ICC Champions Trophy 2013, this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/content/page/634996.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;how net run rate will be calculated in a D/L adjusted match&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only those matches where results are achieved will count for the purpose of net run rate calculations. Where a match is abandoned, but a result is achieved under Duckworth/Lewis, for net run rate purposes Team 1 will be accredited with Team 2's Par Score on abandonment off the same number of overs faced by Team 2. Where a match is concluded but with Duckworth/Lewis having been applied at an earlier point in the match, Team 1 will be accredited with 1 run less than the final Target Score for Team 2 off the total number of overs allocated to Team 2 to reach the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-06-15T11:03:17.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-16T07:37:46.787" Score="8" ViewCount="2046" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several ways to serve a ping pong ball. I have noticed that some serves are far more obvious to read/understand than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if a player contacts the top of the ball during the serve and flicks their wrist toward the opponent, it's obviously going to have a lot of topspin. Likewise, if a player contacts the back of a ball and pushes downward during the serve, it's high in backspin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When watching a match between colleagues last week, I noticed a really interesting legal serving technique. The server threw the ball up fairly high, placed their paddle directly under where the ball would land between the ball and the table (almost on the table), and then chose a direction to flick their wrist. The time right before the ball hit the paddle, some side spin was usually added with a wrist flick. I found this serve really hard to read because that last moment of the wrist flick was very quick and sometimes hard to see/obstructed by the ball. This server's grip was a variation of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_styles#Penhold&quot;&gt;penhold&lt;/a&gt; grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any tips for making a serve less predictable/readable? My goal is to give my opponent as little time as possible to decipher what spin is on the serve until it gets to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1423" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:21:28.563" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:21:28.563" Title="What are some techniques for masking a ping pong serve?" Tags="|technique|strategy|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2657" CreationDate="2013-06-16T19:28:55.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is more of a supplemental answer since this accepted anser answer did not touch on the characteristics/attributes of other positions outside of the QB position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Offensive Lineman&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's more advantageous for linemen in this offense to be quicker, especially in lateral movement, even at the detrement of being better pass blockers or power blockers due to less of an emphasis on traditional dropback pass plays and downhill running plays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many spread running plays are all predicated on a stretch zone blocking scheme where the lineman all attempt to block laterally and gain outside leverage on the defender that is threatening the gap to the side they are blocking.  The lineman must be athletic enough to be a threat to do this, otherwise there is very little reason for the defense to flow as hard to the side the lineman are blocking to.  It's the threat of the lineman getting outside leverage that even allows the QB to option off of a backside defender when choosing what to do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TEs and FBs&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is more emphasis on both being a good blocker and favoring more quickness... in their case it's so they are able to perform blocks such as arc blocks correctly  (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coachwyatt.com/veerexplained.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.coachwyatt.com/veerexplained.html&lt;/a&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;QBs&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletic and durable enough to be a ball carrier but must still be a threat to be a weapon throwing the ball.  Must be able to quickly make reads of defenders in the box during running plays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RBs&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing extra noteable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WRs&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Required to be better blockers than typical and also better at running routes against man coverage, as opposed to being great at running option routes or finding holes in zones, since the majority of coverages seen will be man coverage with a single high safety. Speed is more of a premium here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as a bit of a soapbox rant, the term &quot;spread&quot; is really a media invented term used to describe and communicate about a style of offense where the primary goal of the base offensive plays is creating options between a QB/RB and a single defender &quot;in the box&quot; in order for a QB to make a single read and determine, in the middle of the play, what he should do with the ball.  This specific concept is really no different than the option offenses that have been run throughout the history of football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing that makes it interesting now is that the initial alignments in formations resemble what a passing oriented pro style passing offenses look like and that the plays are designed such that interior blockers are engaged in a lateral leverage style of (zone) blocking as opposed to straight ahead power blocking or over reliance on angle and trap blocking.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The intention being to get the defense moving in one lateral direction away from where the QB can be potentially isolated against a defender responsible for containment in the opposite direction of where the defense is moving.  The Broncos of the late 90s, Falcons of the early 00s, and the present day Texans, utilized these concepts too and with great success, except they do it under a center and with pre-snap/predetermined reads with stretch zone running plays and QB bootleg action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really want to see a fun evolution of this, watch these videos at &lt;a href=&quot;http://brophyfootball.blogspot.com/2011/08/alex-gibbs-stretchgun-run-developments.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://brophyfootball.blogspot.com/2011/08/alex-gibbs-stretchgun-run-developments.html&lt;/a&gt; where Alex Gibbs, the run game guru from the Broncos and Falcons during the 90s and 00s, consults with the University of Florida staff on improving their running game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="586" LastEditorUserId="586" LastEditDate="2013-06-19T18:20:54.220" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T18:20:54.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2786" CreationDate="2013-06-16T22:49:09.153" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maiden over means,no runs in an over.&#xA;it should not come from either bat or extras.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1466" LastActivityDate="2013-06-16T22:49:09.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2762" CreationDate="2013-06-17T06:52:39.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jan Hubbard tells a very interesting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sheridanhoops.com/2013/06/15/hubbard-time-to-ditch-to-2-3-2-finals-format/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;story&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; about the series that helped change the format to 2-3-2,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all began on 1984 NBA Finals between the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That’s how long it took  – 11 days — to play four games. The NBA was&#xA;  only three years removed from having the Finals on tape delay during&#xA;  primetime, so the reality was that if league executives wanted their&#xA;  games to be televised live, they would play exactly when CBS told them&#xA;  to play. And CBS did not want a game in prime time during the crucial&#xA;  “sweeps” period when ratings were determined and advertising rates&#xA;  were set because unlike now, when even “low-rated” games are the most&#xA;  watched on TV, those games were no contest to primetime schedules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-06-17T06:52:39.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2727" CreationDate="2013-06-18T03:26:39.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Clay courts leave a visible mark which shows where the ball lands. This is the reason why the staff at Roland Garros clear the court often during a match so there wont be overlap of marks(or mistake of the actual mark), which can cause confusion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is questionable, then the referee will come down and check the mark on the court and make his decision about whether it was in or out . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1469" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T03:26:39.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2626" CreationDate="2013-06-18T03:29:51.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;(quick addition to Dor Cohen's great explaination)/ people checking this question might be interested in: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you will see &lt;em&gt;forced error&lt;/em&gt; statistics, which are generally calculated when an opponent hits a great shot which is very difficult to get back, and the person returning the ball misses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1469" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T03:29:51.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2790" CreationDate="2013-06-18T10:27:42.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In matches where Duckworth-Lewis revised targets are set due to interruptions which reduce the number of overs bowled, those revised targets and revised overs are used to calculate the net run rate for both teams.&#xA;    For example, in a 50-over World Cup first-round group match, Team A are dismissed for 165 in 33.5 overs.&#xA;    Team B progresses to 150-2, but play is halted after 26 overs due to rain. And the match never starts. The DL par score for team B is calculated as 149.&#xA;    Because the target was revised, and Team A were bowled out, Team A's total is reset to 149 from 44 overs, thus their RR = 149/44 ,approx 3.39. Team B's RR, however, is computed as normal:150/26.33 ,approx 5.70.&#xA;    Computing the match NRR for Team A gives us 3.39 - 5.70 = -2.31. Team B's NRR is: 5.70 - 3.39 = 2.31.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1471" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T10:27:42.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2804" CreationDate="2013-06-18T11:03:05.243" Score="9" ViewCount="1831" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will happen if the rain stops play for the whole day in big matches such as finals played for World Cup or Asia cup or currently being played Champions Trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the match will be played again if the rain does not stop? as the match which was supposed to be played was having a big value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also what will be action if the match stopped for whole day after the toss was won by a team ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What will be considerations for such rain affected matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:47:02.753" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:47:02.753" Title="Rain fall a full day in big matches" Tags="|rules|cricket|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2803" CreationDate="2013-06-18T11:22:27.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If rain fall a full day on final matches of a big tournament, then the teams will be declared joint winners. This is the rule on current ICC champions trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, in 2002 ICC Champions Trophy final between India and Srilanka, when the result was not able to find as the minmum number of overs required for DL method was not bowled, the match was rescheduled to the next day. But, the same story continues on next day, then both the teams were announced joint winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Champions_Trophy#2002_ICC_Champions_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source -wikipedia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-06-18T11:54:02.600" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T11:54:02.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2796" CreationDate="2013-06-18T14:06:53.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One way that players will mask the sound of ball hitting the table is stop your foot on the ground, in doing this the sound of the ball is hidden and it is harder to determine the speed of the ball this can make it harder to time the return. I find that when I keep the ball closer to my body and move my whole body with the ball appose to just my paddle arm, it allows me to put more spin on the ball without showing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T14:06:53.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2764" CreationDate="2013-06-18T20:55:38.667" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If its a new disc you may want to try bending it down towards the concave side. This can help the disc catch the air more and this will cause it to turn over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T20:55:38.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2283" CreationDate="2013-06-18T21:51:37.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no way to legally throw a second forward pass, however, you can throw lateral, then throw a forward pass. Throwing a second forward pass would result penalization. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T21:51:37.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-19T06:47:19.040" Score="15" ViewCount="423" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;Tour de Suisse&lt;/a&gt; has two separate jerseys for sprints competition (based only on points from intermediate sprints) and points competition (where the points obtained from placement in stages are included; I am not sure whether they count here the intermediate sprints, too.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_jersey&amp;amp;oldid=551541625&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_jersey&quot;&gt;White jersey&lt;/a&gt; says that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Tour de Suisse awards a white jersey to a somewhat unique competition, the Sprints classification,[5] which awards placings not on stage finishes but strictly in intermediate sprints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/photos/2008/jun08/suisse08/index.php?id=/photos/2008/jun08/suisse08/suisse088/TDS08St8098&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; given there shows the leader of the sprints classification in 2008 wearing the white jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seasons 2005-2013 have individual articles on Wikipedia - the links can be found in the article about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;Tour de Suisee&lt;/a&gt;. When I checked these articles I have seen that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, the color is shown as white.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, sprint classification is mentioned, but no information about the color of the jersey is in that article.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; the sprint classification is not mentioned at all, so it was probably not awarded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles on seasons &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Tour_de_Suisse&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt; show the color of the sprint jersey as blue.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there might be mistakes in Wikipedia articles and Wikipedia gives no information about sprint competition before 2005.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Was the year 2008 the only year, when the color of the jersey for the sprints competition was white?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When was the sprint classification (separate from the point classification) introduced in Tour de Suisse for the first time?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:50:54.057" LastActivityDate="2022-11-16T09:59:22.217" Title="Color of the sprint jersey in Tour de Suisse?" Tags="|history|cycling|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2013-06-19T09:29:27.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many forms of Motorsports (e.g. LeMans, F1, MotoGP), all fight for Constructors Championships, which to the team/manufacturer are more important than the more glorified Drivers Championship. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1417" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T09:29:27.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="640" CreationDate="2013-06-19T12:47:29.540" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To get higher ollies, I would suggesting resting your back foot on the very end of the tail and the front foot in the middle of the deck to allow for more slide. Popping as hard as you can and catching your board in the groove of the nose with you ankle practically resting in the groove will level the board out in the air. after this initial movement slide you feet back to the bolts on the tail and nose to ensure a clean landing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also keeping your shoulder inline with the board will help you stabilise yourself during the pop and in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2013-06-19T12:47:29.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3181" CreationDate="2013-06-21T10:22:32.410" Score="7" ViewCount="1000" Body="&lt;p&gt;This trick is slowly becoming my nemesis... taking over the elusive Tre Flip, I think I have the foot placement correct with my back foot in the centre of the tail ready to swipe out ahead of me and my front foot very close to my back tilted to point towards the nose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I ensure the board flips completely?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-09-14T21:43:44.507" LastActivityDate="2014-10-21T12:56:16.790" Title="How to Perform a Hardflip on a skateboard?" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2782" CreationDate="2013-06-21T18:33:12.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Head tape is an excellent suggestion for the outside frame - just whatever you do don't buy black tape. Many clubs won't let you on court as the black tape marks up the walls. I play with Dunlop and always purchase additional grommet sets with my racquet and have them replaced when restringing. (Often an additional charge if the stringer has to do it as it's a pain in the butt. I always do my own, and only the top.) Grommets on the &quot;inside&quot; of the frame on Dunlop racquets become loose frequently and yes I too feel the strings break prematurely due to the exposed string to the frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, in my experience, there is no universal or swapping of grommet strips. Unfortunately, purchasing extra strips is the only solution to Dunlop racquets. Well known that Greg Gaultier trims the guard away from the frame and sands the top of his racquets to get even closer to the wall! That's not in my budget.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, after Dunlop solves the weak grommets maybe they can develop a consistent ball!!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1482" LastActivityDate="2013-06-21T18:33:12.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2815" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-22T06:18:23.883" Score="1" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had been running and wasn't able to bring up my heart rate. Everything else was fine: I had slept well, eat enough, drink enough. I just couldn't get my heartbeat and -pressure up so that I had enough oxygen in my blood. This happens almost once a week now. Does anyone has a good idea what to check or test? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1485" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:05:17.483" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:05:17.483" Title="increasing heartrate" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2013-06-22T15:54:06.360" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2820" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2888" CreationDate="2013-06-24T12:41:44.570" Score="13" ViewCount="8514" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether it would happen or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happen if two athletes touched the finish rope at the same time in running(irrespective of distance either it may be 100m or long distance)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How the winner will be decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will they run again for a shorter distance? (like super over in cricket, tie breaker penalty shoot out in football).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T07:55:10.910" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T07:55:10.910" Title="What happen when two players touch the finish rope at same time in running?" Tags="|rules|officiating|running|track-and-field|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2891" CreationDate="2013-06-24T15:45:54.830" Score="10" ViewCount="4321" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question largely pertains to basketball and American football. I've seen footage from the team locker rooms during halftime where the coaches and players go over issues from the first half that need to be addressed, key statistics, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've often wondered what the referees do during the halftime break (other than get a breather).  Do they go over replays where they botched calls?  If so, do they have someone whose job it is to create the &quot;highlight reel&quot; of missed calls, e.g. a coach for the referees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T18:40:40.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T02:17:32.167" Title="What do referees do during halftime?" Tags="|american-football|basketball|officiating|nfl|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2823" CreationDate="2013-06-24T19:16:23.430" Score="5" ViewCount="4171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Darren Lehmann has been named the new Australia cricket coach and lots of articles, including &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Lehmann&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, refer to his nickname as 'Boof'.  However, I can't seem to find any reason for this nickname or any relation to Boof in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms&quot;&gt;cricketing jargon&lt;/a&gt;.  Is this a sporting or cricket reference or is this a none sport related nickname.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1493" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-25T04:14:48.433" LastActivityDate="2014-01-08T09:10:50.493" Title="Why is Darren Lehmann called 'Boof'" Tags="|cricket|terminology|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2822" CreationDate="2013-06-25T02:15:56.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's nothing to do with cricket, in Australian slang 'boof' means head, typically used to refer to someone with a big head. Sometimes the term 'boofhead' is used, referring to someone big, burly and maybe a little bit stupid (or at least simple minded). To an Aussie, 'boof' is a natural nickname for someone like Darren Lehmann, who has a large bald head, is a tall man who always carried a bit of extra weight around the gut and who had a reputation as an aggressive, physical player both on and off the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When exactly Lehmann began being called Boof I do not know. It's possible that it was his nickname long before he became a successful cricketer. It is normal among groups of male friends in Australia for everyone to have a nickname that gets used far more than their real name. This is why all players in the Australian team always get a nickname, it's simply part of Australian culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-06-25T08:00:26.850" LastActivityDate="2013-06-25T08:00:26.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2826" CreationDate="2013-06-25T12:04:02.510" Score="1" ViewCount="3876" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that the Blackhawks have won the cup twice in four years can they be considered a dynasty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly what is the definition of a professional team sport dynasty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I vaguely recall, from football, that a team must win the championship three times in five years to be called a dynasty, but I'm unsure if that was correct. It probably depends on the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-06-25T14:00:39.680" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T02:46:06.533" Title="What is a dynasty in sports?" Tags="|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2013-07-16T21:42:01.047" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-06-25T13:43:53.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A dynasty in sports is a team that excels among their division, league, and/or sport over an extended period of time (multiple seasons for example). Dynasties are usually realized after the fact...or during the fact after an already established period of dominance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=31167&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recognizes&lt;/a&gt; several dynasties, the most recent being the Edmonton Oilers, who won five championships in seven seasons during 1984-1990.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest comparison, as recognized by the NHL, to the 2010-2013 Chicago Blackhawks would be the 1949-1955 Detroit Red Wings, who won four championships in six seasons (and two in the first four seasons, like the 2010-2013 Blackhawks), and the 1961-1964 Toronto Maple Leafs, who won three consecutive championships. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other recognized dynasties in North American sports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MLB&lt;/strong&gt; - New York Yankees (1996-2003):  seven division titles, six AL pennants, and four World Series championships (1996, 1998, 1999, 2000) in eight seasons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA&lt;/strong&gt; - Chicago Bulls (1991-1998): six championships in eight seasons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NFL&lt;/strong&gt; - New England Patriots (2001-2012): three Super Bowls in four seasons (2001, 2003, 2004), five conference championships in eleven seasons (2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2011), and ten division titles in twelve seasons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-06-25T13:43:53.003" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2821" CreationDate="2013-06-25T13:50:39.287" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most referees use this time to reflect on how the first half went. They discuss the game with their Assistant Referee’s and are scanning for pointers. Some do this in order to hear from the Assistant Referee’s how well they are refreeing. Others will use reasoning to justify the mistakes they made or even cover their butts by making excuses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1471" LastActivityDate="2013-06-25T13:50:39.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-06-26T02:46:06.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are dynasties in almost every kind of team sports, not only NHL or the other North American sports... there are all over the world that have teams with dynasties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the rest of the world... especially in Europe, maybe Manchester United is the best example... 13 league titles since English First Division rebrands itself into English Premier League and never be finished lower that third in the dominance era. Also the other trophies, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1497" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T02:46:06.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2457" CreationDate="2013-06-26T05:42:28.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_American_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and the description of the zone, red zone(s) are the vital area for scoring a touchdown (from most rushes and passes), and it also the nice range for the field goal kick, too. Danger can be detected by the defense, so it seems legit to name that area the &quot;Red Zone&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1497" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T05:42:28.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2013-06-26T18:34:44.003" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The modern rules of lawn tennis were defined by a British Army, Major Wingfield. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He used the calibre of cannon used on board ships to define the scoring system - the standard cannon were 15 pounders, 30 pounders and 40 pounders. He retained 'love' (based upon 'oueff - 'egg' in French i.e. looking like nought) and deuce (based upon 'deux' in French, meaning two more points needed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this because I am his great, great grandson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1501" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T18:34:44.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2429" CreationDate="2013-06-27T01:38:38.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA Club World Cup is the competition that organized by FIFA annually, at first, it has been host by Brazil in 2000 in the first edition. Six continental winners, host, and the latest Intercontinental Cup winner has been invited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before that, the main competition is the Intercontinental Cup, the match(es - until 1979) between the European winners versus the South American winners. The last edition of the IC is 2004 as the European winners in that year, FC Porto, won the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the revised edition as the new CWC, after the absorption by FIFA, all of the continental winners (total six) will be invited. The European winners and the South American winners will be automatically seeded to the semifinals, leaving the rest to play for the place in their rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first two revised editions (2005 and 2006), only the continental winners have been invited. The host nation highest league winners has been invited to the tournament since 2007 edition and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the further tournament details, maybe &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Club_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; can help you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the question about relation, the answer is no. Except that both tournaments have been organized by FIFA, and the winner of the tournament gets the special titleholder badge to be shown on their jersey until the new winners has been decided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1497" LastEditorUserId="1497" LastEditDate="2013-06-27T16:24:25.483" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T16:24:25.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-27T07:56:24.673" Score="11" ViewCount="5104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket balls are manufactured to conform to the specification laid down in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5&lt;/a&gt; of the Laws of Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are several different manufacturers of cricket ball, and  normally the host country's cricket board will choose which manufacturers' cricket balls they will use. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Australia typically use a &lt;em&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/em&gt; cricket ball (as do many other countries - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kookaburra.biz/osb/showitem.cfm/category/8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kookaburra claim&lt;/a&gt; &quot;85% of Test Matches and One Day Internationals&quot; use their Turf ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least anecdotally, each manufacturer's products are supposed to vary, so the home team, with its familiarity with the cricket balls of its chosen manufacturer, may have an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which manufacturers' cricket balls are currently used at &lt;strong&gt;Test&lt;/strong&gt; level, and by which teams? What are their key differences in behaviour? (Note that I am not specifically enquiring about differences between red and white cricket balls.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-06-28T08:26:43.407" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T13:50:42.567" Title="How do the leading makes of red cricket ball vary in performance?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2822" CreationDate="2013-06-27T09:20:03.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kingcricket.co.uk/who-is-darren-lehmann-and-why-is-he-called-boof/2013/06/26/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It states-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other Darren Lehmann facts include that he once did some racism and that his nickname is ‘Boof’. If you’re wondering as to the origins of this nickname, it’s due to his uncanny resemblance to cult actress and Nineties video game TV programme presenter, Emily ‘Bouff’ Booth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T09:20:03.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2833" CreationDate="2013-06-27T10:58:09.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/857/orangecrush&quot;&gt;Orangecrush&lt;/a&gt; has said &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2388&quot;&gt;elsewhere&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Red Kookaburra ball is used in Tests in most nations apart from West Indies &amp;amp; England (Duke) and India (SG). All One Day International matches, regardless of location, are played with Kookaburra balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives the answer to the first two parts of your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the manufacturing of the balls differ only in stitching process.&#xA;Also, dukes tend to swing around a bit more than kookaburras.&#xA;The sub-continent cricket balls are slightly smaller, darker, harder, with a slightly more prominent seam &amp;amp; allows ball to last longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1471" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-06-28T20:38:21.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2838" CreationDate="2013-06-28T02:07:59.870" Score="10" ViewCount="9493" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-new-zealand-2013/engine/match/566927.html&quot;&gt;most recent T20I between England and New Zealand&lt;/a&gt;, only two balls were bowled before the match was called off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in that time, Lumb scored two runs, and then was caught behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this still count in his career stats officially, or do all results get ignored? Similarly, if you scored an unbelievable 250 (ie it'd be the highest ever score in an ODI/T20), and then the match was called off, would it get ignored, officially?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="891" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:54:39.533" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:54:39.533" Title="Do batting scores in abandoned matches still count for your career stats?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|scoring|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2837" CreationDate="2013-06-28T02:52:27.777" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is still counted for his career stats. Just because a match is called off doesn't mean that the stats wont be recorded for that match. It will be still recorded as &quot;abandoned due to rain&quot; and any runs scored or wicket taken will be added to the stats of corresponding players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proof can be seen in &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/16406.html?class=3;series=7365;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot;&gt;this stat page of Lumb.&lt;/a&gt; You can see that in the innings by innings list, his score of 2 is also added and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/16406.html?class=3;template=results;type=batting;view=series&quot;&gt;total scored by him in that series is shown here&lt;/a&gt; as 31(29 + 2) at an average of 15.50. If it was not included, his average would have been 29 from the first match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies for your second scenario as well. If a batsman scores 250, he will get the credit for it and it will be added in his career stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-06-28T02:52:27.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2833" CreationDate="2013-06-28T10:04:28.003" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which manufacturers cricket balls are currently used at Test level, and by which teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;India - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanspareils_Greenlands&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SG&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dukescricket.co.uk/Dukes_Cricket/Home.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dukes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New Zealand, South Africa, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Australia - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kookaburra.biz/osb/showitem.cfm/category/8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kookaburra has a very low seam which generally holds true for 20 overs and then dies after that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The seam in the SG ball is upright and very prominent. It stays the same till the 80th over or more. The ball tends to lose shine because of the nature of the outfields in Indian conditions, but the seam stays intact. Because of the seam, the ball tends to grip the pitch and assist in spin and lateral movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas in Duke balls the seam remains pronounced even till 50-55 overs if proper care is taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SG balls swing for a max of 5 overs whereas the Dukes balls swing for about 20 overs, making the Dukes most favourable for bowlers.&#xA;And kookaburra swings far better than the SG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportstaronnet.com/tss2427/24270320.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;An article on the differences&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-24T04:26:20.457" LastActivityDate="2018-08-24T04:26:20.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2013-06-28T15:39:37.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think most of the answers were regarding the long Soft Ground studs as opposed to the conical studs found on something like the Copa Mundials. Both the Copa studs and bladed studs are referred to as Firm Ground studs in most cases. The bladed FG studs provide better traction on the ground whereas the conical studs allow more mobility with quicker realeases. There are hybrids which can be found in both the Nike Tiempos, where you find conical in the front and blades at the back, and on all the new Adidad models, where they have all their studs in a sort of triangular shape.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1504" LastActivityDate="2013-06-28T15:39:37.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2083" CreationDate="2013-06-29T14:45:39.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a field goal is missed (on any down) the ball is given to the opponent at the line of scrimmage. Not where the kick was taken! Where the ball was snapped. However, if the ball was fumbled and did not go out of the boundaries of the field, the ball would be given to the team that recovered it. This team would receive the ball where it was recovered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1505" LastActivityDate="2013-06-29T14:45:39.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1790" CreationDate="2013-06-29T17:58:30.323" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I also had this problem. Initially I would go for lot of runs with a tennis ball, but now I try to hold my nerve and bowl a short of a length outside off line. To prevent the batsman from running the ball fine or late cutting it, bluff him with a slip. At the death change your pace a lot and bowl short of length quick and into ribs (no room). Slower balls must be well outside off, even if the batsman gets deceived by the slowness you will get slog swept over midwicket, if it is wide he has to reach for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1506" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T04:54:15.307" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T04:54:15.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-01T10:07:52.757" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an RHB switches and becomes an LHB and the ball was going to LHB's off-side, is it a wide just because anything on the leg side is a wide.[since the batsman is an RHB] when the ball comes to play ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1511" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T10:07:52.757" Title="Wide Ball rule when batsman switch hit" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-07-01T14:14:04.227" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2845" CreationDate="2013-07-01T13:02:02.353" Score="7" ViewCount="8426" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the term &lt;em&gt;dead ball&lt;/em&gt; mean in Cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When will be a bowler's delivery considered as a &lt;em&gt;dead ball&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-07-02T04:56:42.160" LastActivityDate="2020-02-26T10:18:43.673" Title="When will a bowler's delivery be declared as a dead ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2844" CreationDate="2013-07-01T13:53:50.507" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that while a &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; and a &lt;em&gt;wide ball&lt;/em&gt; are types of delivery, &lt;em&gt;dead ball&lt;/em&gt; is a state. Put simply, the ball is not &lt;em&gt;dead&lt;/em&gt; whenever it is &lt;em&gt;in play&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot;&gt;Law 23.5&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball ceases to be dead - that is, it comes into play - when the bowler starts his run up or, if he has no run up, his bowling action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball then will eventually become dead in different ways. The most common outcome is probably when the ball, after being played by the batsman, becomes &quot;finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the bowler&quot; (Law 23.1). It is also dead, for instance, after a batsman is dismissed, a boundary is scored, or lost ball is called. There are further instances where umpires explicitly declare the ball to be dead: these include when a player is seriously injured, or when the bails fall from the striker's wicket before he plays the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In relation to your second question, dead balls are counted as one of the over, unless:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the striker has not had an opportunity to play it (for instance, if the bowler drops the ball during his run up)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the striker was not ready (with a good reason) and did not attempt to play the ball (for instance, if the batsman pulls away due to movement behind the bowler's arm, and the bowler still bowls the ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is merely a summary of the dead ball law (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot;&gt;Law 23&lt;/a&gt;) and it is worth reading it to get a fuller understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T13:53:50.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2846" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-01T16:26:22.120" Score="-1" ViewCount="1410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a DIY method to sharpening the grooves of your wedges? Up until now, my method has been to buy new wedges every other year. This gets expensive and frustrating. Especially with the new groove changes, I've wondered if its necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1512" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-02T13:37:50.767" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T13:44:50.243" Title="Sharpening Grooves" Tags="|golf|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2013-07-02T01:34:05.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing is ever obsolete in football, it always works in cycles. At the moment the defensive midfielder (a sole one as opposed to a two) has a prominent role in intercepting and conducting attacks however that may change when they begin to get exploited down in the space located to the sides of the position they cover. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another potential reasoning for it's current none-existence may be that there just simply isn't the players about with the correct skillset to play in such a specialist role. You look at the great sweepers in the past in Beckenbauer,Baresi,Scirea and Sammer amongst others. They all had a very strong core game. Mobility, mentality, positionally aware and also very accomplished on the ball they covered all basis. I have a feeling that players who do show such a skillset are getting caught up in positions higher up the pitch or as fullbacks rather than in a position that could truly highlight their natural talent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It'll be back though, hopefully sooner rather than later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. Whilst I agree with Reid it is not obsolete I think he is making a fundamental misjudgement of the role. The core aspect is to sweep up attacks that penetrate past your two central defensive partners however it is also fundamental that a sweeper can orchestrate from the back and be able to step out of the defence when necessary to influence play from midfield into the final third. It's a defining aspect of any sweeper to not only be a good defender but to be the first attacker on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1514" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-25T13:32:57.887" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T13:32:57.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1554" CreationDate="2013-07-02T07:34:42.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;History of cricket bats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term cricket bat was first mentioned in 1624. In that time, the bats used to be in the shape of hockey stick because bowlers used to ball underarm ball as there was no bowling rules mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During 1970's, there was change in cricket rule and bowlers could bowl the length ball as well. Hence, the cricket bat was modified and sides were made parallel with and handle was made thin. This cricket bat is similar to the modern bats used nowadays but, the bat was very heavy and had little stroke in comparison. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was 1835, the first round arm bowling was allowed and it was necessary to modify the weight of bat and make it lighter so that batsman could pick it and use it with ease. During the same period, bats were first manufactured using more than one piece before this time, cricket bat used to be made of a single wood used to break very fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ds6wp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the size was been fixed and How much ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the year 1835, the maximum length of the cricket bat was fixed. The maximum length of bat was fixed 38 inches at that time which is also same in present context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1864, the over war bowling was allowed and there was more lightening of bat and refining of the blade. There is no any significant history about the cricket bat until 2010. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In year 2010, the mongoose bat was launched for the first time which is specially designed for the T20 cricket. Mongoose bat blade is 33% longer than normal blade and handle is 43% longer than normal bat handle. With the growth of T20 cricket and Hong Kong Super sixes, we might see cricket bats with other variety too in near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cricket Bats size and dimensions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some limits about size and shape of bats as marked by the ICC cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cricket Bats Length:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Cricket Bats are classified into bat size 1, bat size 2 an so on on the basis of the height of the bat.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Size 5 Bat: Height from 4'-11&quot; to 5'-2&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Size 6 Bat: Height from 5'-3&quot; to 5'-4&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Harrow Bat: Height from 5'-4&quot; to 5'-5&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Academy Bat: Height from 5'-6&quot; to 5'-9&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Full Size Cricket Bats: Height above 5'-9&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Size 1 bats to size 4 bats are very small in size and are never used in international cricket. These size bats are used by kids. Full Size Bats are the bats that are generally used in international cricket. Full size bats are also categorized in to 2 categories, short handle bat and long handle bats. Short handle bats are from 5 feet 9 inches to 6 feet two inches and above this, the bat is called long handle bats. Long handle bats are not allowed in international cricket as marked by ICC.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Maximum Height Of a Cricket Bat Fixed By ICC: 38 inches or 6 feet 2 inches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cricket Bats Width:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Cricket Bats width is relative to its height. For the certain height of the bat, it width is also generally fixed certain. Here is the list for cricket bats width according to its height.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Size 5 Bat : 4 feet&#xA;Size 6 Bat : 4 feet&#xA;Harrow Bat : 4 feet 2 inches&#xA;Academy Bat : 4 feet 3 inches&#xA;Maximum width Of The Cricket Bat Marked By ICC: 108 mm ( nearly 4 feet 3 inches)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight Of Cricket Bat:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no precise weight how heavy a bat should be. Generally, the international level cricket bats are within the range of 1.1kg to 1.4kg. International players like Brian Lara and Sachin Tendulkar used to play with heavy bat in their early days but, the trend of playing with heavy bat has changed drastically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T08:00:14.073" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T08:00:14.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2890" CreationDate="2013-07-02T11:05:04.267" Score="6" ViewCount="5536" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're playing badminton in the summer, or at least in high temperatures (&gt; 25°C/77°F), the speed of the shuttle cock is quite different to that of playing in cold temperatures (16°C/60°F).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the temperature have an effect on the speed of a shuttle cock?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-02T11:36:36.110" LastActivityDate="2013-07-28T17:11:55.410" Title="Effect Temperature On Speed Shuttle Cock" Tags="|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2851" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2854" CreationDate="2013-07-02T11:32:06.527" Score="4" ViewCount="17670" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing with numerous badminton rackets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;short&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;long&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;large blade&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;long shaft&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but are there exact badminton racket specifications regarding length and/or weight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T00:45:44.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-18T06:01:09.870" Title="Badminton Racket Specifications" Tags="|rules|equipment|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2851" CreationDate="2013-07-02T12:14:07.350" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Badminton Rackets&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Modern Badminton Rackets are light in weight and usually below 100&#xA;  grams. The frame of the Racket can be made of steel, aluminum, carbon&#xA;  fiber, ceramic, boron or a combination of some of these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It shall not exceed 680mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall&#xA;  width.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The weight should not exceed more than 100 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A majority of racket manufacturers use 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U to indicate the&#xA;  weight of the racket, 1U being the heaviest and 4U the lightest. The&#xA;  weight of high quality rackets range from 83 grams to 100 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2U - 90 to 94g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3U - 85 to 89g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4U - 80 to 84g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The racket head may be either oval or square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strings&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Badminton strings are thin, high performing strings in the range of&#xA;  about 0.62 to 0.73 mm thickness. Thicker strings are more durable, but&#xA;  many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. String tension is&#xA;  normally in the range of 80 to 160 N (18 to 36 lbf). Recreational&#xA;  players generally string at lower tensions than professionals,&#xA;  typically between 80 and 110 N (18 and 25 lbf). Professionals string&#xA;  between about 110 and 160 N (25 and 36 lbf). Some string manufacturers&#xA;  measure the thickness of their strings under tension so they are&#xA;  actually thicker then than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower is&#xA;  actually 0.7mm but Yonex BG-66 is about 0.72mm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grip:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips.&#xA;  Replacement grips are thicker, and are often used to increase the size&#xA;  of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often&#xA;  used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use&#xA;  replacement grips as the final layer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most racket manufacturers provide four grip sizes. In Japan, they&#xA;  range from G2, G3, G4 to G5 where G2 is the biggest size and G5 is the&#xA;  smallest size. In some countries, the opposite applies. Some brands go by small, medium and big sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hi-Qua / Tactic G2 - 3.25 inches,       Yonex G2 - 4.00 inches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hi-Qua / Tactic G3 - 3.50 inches,       Yonex G3 - 3.75 inches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hi-Qua / Tactic G4 - 3.75 inches,       Yonex G4 - 3.50 inches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hi-Qua / Tactic G5 - 4.00 inches,       Yonex G5 - 3.25 inches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more info about the terms G and U refer &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2766/753&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-information.com/badminton_rackets.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton information.com&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-07-02T13:21:03.857" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2445" CreationDate="2013-07-02T14:06:40.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.internationalracquetball.com/media/2850/irf%20booklet%20V06_041613.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 3.15&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.internationalracquetball.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Racquetball Federation&lt;/a&gt; states that &quot;avoidable hinders&quot;, which result in loss of the rally, include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Failure to move. A player does not move suﬃciently to allow an&#xA;  opponent a shot straight to the front wall as well as a cross-court&#xA;  shot [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests to my mind that you must move out of the way of your opponent if it is necessary to do so to allow them to play their shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-07-02T14:06:40.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2851" CreationDate="2013-07-02T17:25:39.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/default.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton World Federation (BWF)&lt;/a&gt; website, there are a lot of official documents to be found. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to go to the second tab (Organisation) on the main site and choose &lt;strong&gt;Law &amp;amp; Regulations&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After that you need to click on &lt;strong&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/strong&gt; (circled red):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SCdae.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The document, titled: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/file_download.aspx?id=422701&amp;amp;tid=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PART II, SECTION 1 A, LAWS OF BADMINTON&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, elaborates in chapter 4 on the racket specifications:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.1&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230&#xA;  mm in overall width consisting of the main parts described in Laws 4.1.1 to&#xA;  4.1.5 as illustrated in Diagram C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that, in paragraph 2 of chapter 4, the following is explicitly mentioned  about the racket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.2 The stringed area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.2.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;shall not exceed 280 mm in overall length and 220 mm in overall width. However, the strings may extend into an area which otherwise would be the throat, provided that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.2.2.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the width of the extended stringed area does not exceed 35 mm; and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.2.2.2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the overall length of the stringed area does not then exceed 330 mm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The weight isn't specified, thus out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-03T17:47:03.333" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T17:47:03.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2796" CreationDate="2013-07-02T18:08:05.990" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In organized &lt;em&gt;table tennis&lt;/em&gt; &quot;masking&quot; your serve is illegal.  Your hand must be held flat and open, palm to the ceiling, with the ball resting on it.  Then keeping the open palm you must toss the ball up at least 6 inches into the air.  The ball must come back down to the same level before you can hit it with the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this?  Well if I were allowed to manipulate the ball with my hands and racket, I could serve the ball with so much backspin, it would come back to my side of the net before the opponent can hit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also why rackets have two different color rubber surfaces.  Rackets geared towards real table tennis players, have two different kinds of rubber surfaces.  The red side usually has a lot more friction and will put a lot more spin on the ball, while the black side has less friction and will put less on.  The two different colors allow the players see if their opponent changes their side.  Consumer &quot;paddles&quot; have two colors just to emulate real rackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastActivityDate="2013-07-02T18:08:05.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2013-07-03T01:42:23.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't seen a pro team use a sweeper in YEARS. It's not about man-to-man marking, it's about pressuring the ball, getting the team compact behind the ball and blocking all the dangerous/penetrating passing lanes. You will always see the 4 at the back in a straight line when defending and staggered on possession. Any smart forward will play in line With a sweeper making the position completely useless anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1517" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T01:42:23.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2858" CreationDate="2013-07-03T10:33:03.533" Score="8" ViewCount="4974" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to determine what cricket bat size to use? This is a general question but my specific case is for my 8 year old son.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1518" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-07-04T23:00:02.907" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T23:00:02.907" Title="How can you find your correct size of cricket bat?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2857" CreationDate="2013-07-03T11:16:33.450" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question. A common mistake is to select a bat that is too big for a young player. The temptation may be to buy a large bat for the player to &quot;grow into&quot;, to save money as much as anything else, but it's definitely not a good idea. The bat should feel comfortable to and manoeuvrable by the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bob Woolmer's Art and Science of Cricket&lt;/em&gt; has this to say on choosing a bat for a young player (p.101):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ideal length for a bat is the inside measurement of the batsman's trousers [...]. Bats that come up to a boy's hip or waist will do irreparable damage to his technique - not to mention his pleasure and interest in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The weight of the bat must also be carefully considered [...] children over the age of seven fare best with bats that weigh no more than a kilogram. A good yardstick is to ask the child to lift the bat in his non-dominant hand (i.e., his left hand if he is right-handed), and to hold it out horizontally with his shoulder for one minute. If he can do this without strain or difficulty, the weight is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I would err on the side of caution and opt for a bat that is lighter rather than heavier. The last thing one wants is a bat that impedes the development of good technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-07-03T14:17:14.000" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T14:17:14.000" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="202" CreationDate="2013-07-03T13:25:13.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to MLB Rule 7.08d,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner in out when he fails to retouch his base after a fair or foul ball is legally caught before he, or his base, is tagged by a fielder. He shall not be called out for failure to retouch his base after the first following pitch, or any play or attempted play. This is an appeal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as an example goes, you'll have a hard time finding an one if going by box scores. I'm sure there are examples. Most of the time what will happen is if there are less than 2 outs, the outfielder simply will not run as hard to catch the ball -- or if he is able to arrive to the location of the foul ball with enough time, chances are he will be able to set himself up for a strong throw to the plate. I have to imagine though some outfielders in their earnestness to make an out have forgotten the situation. I've seen situations where outfielders, forgetting the number of outs, have tossed caught fly balls into the stands (a common practice at the end of an inning for a lucky fan) with only 2 outs, allowing base runners to advance -- sometimes scoring a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1519" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T13:25:13.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2846" CreationDate="2013-07-03T13:44:50.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as physically sharpening grooves on a golf club, I would leave that to the professional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? The high risk is not worth the little reward in terms of attempting to sharpen your own grooves. DIY may lead to buying new wedges anyway. Pro shops offer club services, and if you determine sharpening your grooves by a professional is relatively cost-effective than buying new wedges, this would be the route to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming you play often, because replacing your wedges every other year is frequent on average, the best way to keep the grooves sharp is good maintenance. From a performance standpoint, it is beneficial to keep the wedge you have played with and gotten used to for a year or two &lt;em&gt;while&lt;/em&gt; maintaining them as close to optimal condition as you can. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good maintenance for golf clubs DIY is less risky. All you need is a bucket, dish detergent, a brush with &lt;strong&gt;plastic&lt;/strong&gt; bristles (metal bristles can ruin the club), and a towel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;em&gt;These methods relate to irons. I do not recommend soaking metal/persimmon woods, hybrids, or putters.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Golf-course maintenance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After your shot, use a plastic tee to remove the dirt/debris from each groove of the&#xA;club. Also, wipe off any remaining dirt/debris and dry with a towel. &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players like to leave sand on their wedges after a bunker&#xA;shot in order to create more spin (due to more friction) on their&#xA;next shot with that wedge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there are places on the course (or the back of your golf cart)&#xA;where you can submerge and brush your golf clubs in soapy water, do so. Then, follow the initial step&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full maintenance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fill the bucket with warm (not cool or too hot) water with a squirt of dish detergent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soak the clubs in the bucket for several minutes. Make sure anything above the hosel is not submerged.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Begin to clean each club thoroughly. Use your brush to rub along the grooves (parallel). Brushing too hard may ruin the coating of the club face.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rinse your clubs thoroughly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dry your clubs with a towel and wipe the shaft in order to clean and dry them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T13:44:50.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2889" CreationDate="2013-07-04T10:51:28.993" Score="13" ViewCount="21240" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis racquets have different grip sizes and I am not sure which one would be the best for me. Is there an easy way to find this out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2013-08-30T06:25:11.717" Title="How to determine the correct grip size for a tennis racquet?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2861" CreationDate="2013-07-04T21:17:35.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a trend right now among tennis players to actually play with a handle that's one size (1/8th) smaller than what size you would arrive at using the methods described in the answer provided by Dirty-flow. This allows for more a little bit easier wrist snap/movement. For example, based on my hand size I should play with a 4 3/8 size grip but I actually find it more comfortable to play with 4 1/4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing to think about is how much of the bevels of the grip you like to feel in your hand, or if you like to feel a more smooth, round grip shape in your hand. Different racquet manufacturers have slightly more or less oval shape to their grips than others. Head racquet grips are more oval while Wilson grips are more octagonal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T21:17:35.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2622" CreationDate="2013-07-05T06:38:36.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably no impact- The average wait time is probably around 2-3 minutes after replay. Pitchers wait a lot during baseball, and something as minor as 3 minutes probably has no effect- meetings on the mound, Manny Ramirez homeruns, and other minor events all make pitchers wait longer between pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing I could think of would be if ruling a HR a double and vice versa had an impact because of whether it made the pitcher pitch from the windup vs. the stretch. I always assumed that the windup was what most pitchers preferred (after all, they only do the stretch when necessary), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/blog_article/does-the-stretch-cost-a-pitcher-fastball-speed/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;but according to this article&lt;/a&gt;, there is no effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1521" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T06:38:36.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2866" CreationDate="2013-07-05T12:35:42.647" Score="2" ViewCount="1994" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that two different jerseys are used for offense and defense in american-football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the reason for that?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw in the normal football matches that the goal-keeper worn different color jersey to differ from all others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;so  there are three different jerseys used for a team(including goal-keeper) in american-football, am I correct?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;what about the jersey of players playing at center?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T04:52:27.607" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T16:40:16.987" Title="Different uniform/jersey for same team in American-Football" Tags="|rules|american-football|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2865" CreationDate="2013-07-05T14:07:09.130" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I heard that two different jerseys are used for offense and defense in&#xA;  american-football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The whole team wears the same jerseys during the course of a game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the offense is the home team, you may be confusing the fact the offense is wearing their home jerseys (primarily their team colors) and the defense is wearing their away jerseys (primarily white). However, the offense represents one team, and the defense represents another team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;so there are three different jerseys used for a team(including&#xA;  goal-keeper) in american-football, am I correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what about the jersey of players playing at center?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During an american-football contest, only one jersey is used by the entire roster of a team, no alterations. There is no specified &quot;goal-keeper&quot; in american football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-05T14:30:11.757" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T14:30:11.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2869" CreationDate="2013-07-05T14:57:33.470" Score="5" ViewCount="1343" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the ICC fix the cricketing schedule for each cricket playing nation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they fix it on their yearly rankings and points ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Is there any process for this or the National team boards decide on which team they &#xA;will be playing by discussing with each other ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;such as India will play Australia for this year with 4 ODI and 2 Tests etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;How the schedule for the fixed tournaments like ASHES,CHAMPIONS TROPHY etc is decided ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it decided by the previous fix of these tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Does the schedule for Test Playing Teams and ODI Playing Teams are differently fixed ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As some of the cricket nations like Afghanistan are not even known for test matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;how it is decide on which ground the match will be played ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the playing teams decide which ground will host the matches ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-07T17:42:37.030" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T17:42:37.030" Title="How is the annual cricketing schedule of an international team fixed?" Tags="|cricket|icc|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2867" CreationDate="2013-07-05T18:22:11.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Play Schedule is basically decided by the cricket boards of both countries. However ICC has to approve this. The hosting country will decide on the venue in which play should happen, but ICC has to approve this as well. If they feel that pitch is dangerous for play, they can ask hosting team to change venue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only countries with test status given by ICC can play official test matches. Otherwise it won't be considered as an official international match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T18:22:11.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2871" CreationDate="2013-07-05T18:38:39.590" Score="0" ViewCount="480" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going into high school after the summer, and I have some questions about basketball. Believe it or not, I've never played for a team before this, and I want to join in high school. I have some questions about some types of teams and positions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is a rec basketball team?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is a travel team? (In basketball, and just in general.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the difference between varsity and junior varsity?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm pretty short (5' 2&quot;) would this be a hinder in my chances getting into the team or have any significance as to what position I play in the team?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the main thing I have to worry about over the summer, if I want to tryout for the school's team?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1524" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-07-05T22:04:08.333" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T22:25:58.997" Title="Basketball teams and positions?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-07-16T19:21:22.177" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2870" CreationDate="2013-07-05T22:25:58.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will try and address the questions to the best of my knowledge, but please keep in mind that these are essentially 5 valid questions that should be asked separately. It's up to you (and the moderators) to keep this question open or split it into 5 questions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is a rec basketball team?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the term &lt;em&gt;rec&lt;/em&gt; stands for recreational, meaning &quot;just for fun/training&quot;. Such teams are essentially much less competitive and, in my experience, usually composed of enthusiasts and old/injured players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is a travel team? (In basketball, and just in general.)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to admit I have never heard of this term, in basketball or otherwise. My guess would be that it's a team that's engaged in a league that requires the team to travel for games, for instance within the region/county/state etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the difference between varsity and junior varsity?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_varsity_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a pretty good article&lt;/a&gt; about junior varsity teams, I suggest you start your reading there. Here's a excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Junior varsity (often called &quot;JV&quot;, sometimes spelled out phonetically as Jayvee) players are the members of a team who are not the main players in a competition (such as a football, basketball, or baseball game), usually at the high school and college levels in the United States and Canada. The main players comprise the varsity team. Nearly all junior varsity players are in their freshman and sophomore years in school, though occasionally upperclassmen may play on JV teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I'm pretty short (5' 2&quot;) would this be a hinder in my chances getting into the team or have any significance as to what position I play in the team?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will certainly have a negative effect, but that should not discourage you. You need to specialise, and make sure your height does not hinder your game. A great role-model is Nate Robinson who is 5' 9&quot; and has been performing against big boys in the NBA. To make my point, here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDvjmc19RfQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a video of him blocking Yao Ming&lt;/a&gt; (7' 6&quot;). As for positions, I suppose it's reasonable to say that you will be playing PG or SG, depending on your particular skills and on your teams squad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the main thing I have to worry about over the summer, if I want to tryout for the school's team?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, this is a tough question, especially without knowing what you are good/bad at. I suppose you need to improve your game overall, dribbling, passing shooting.. you name it. Oh and focus on your vertical leap to negate the effect of your height. I would also &quot;scout&quot; the teammates, and the coach, it might give you insights as to what kind of player the team needs the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T22:25:58.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2462" CreationDate="2013-07-07T00:20:01.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unearned Runs doesn't count against ERA. The batters can steal bases, something that will not hurt the pitcher's stat that much (if they steal and fail to score). Sac fly doesn't count as a hit, so it may hurt pitcher's ERA but not whip. The opposite is true too, if your league isn't recording stats related to BB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1121" LastActivityDate="2013-07-07T00:20:01.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2873" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-07T02:47:58.790" Score="5" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens when fielder one is in contact with the ball near boundary and fielder two is in contact with fielder one who is outside of the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be declared a boundary or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1526" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-07-08T07:59:17.363" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T07:59:17.363" Title="Fielder in contact with fielder near boundary" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1599" CreationDate="2013-07-07T03:56:26.770" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's actually termed ultimate point, due to the fact the the game is called ultimate frisbee, not universe frisbee. Some young whippersnappers decided to change it to a useless &quot;universe&quot; point but in fact it's always been ultimate point! And ultimate point is the final point of a tie game, winner take all!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-07T03:56:26.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2875" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-07T06:20:17.347" Score="9" ViewCount="6554" Body="&lt;p&gt;When shooting (recurve, rh) my arrows are far left of the sight. I can't adjust it any further left because it's at the end of the thread for the pin and it's the longest pin I could find.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could be wrong with the setup that would cause such a big drift to the left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1528" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T15:56:30.643" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T15:56:30.643" Title="What to do if the arrows are too far to the left?" Tags="|equipment|technique|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2876" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-07T06:26:32.930" Score="11" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to shoot the FMJ series of Easton because I really like how easy you can pull aluminium arrows out of the target in comparison to carbon ones. But the spine will only get as light as 500. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any way to get them working with a bow weight of &lt;code&gt;30#@28,5&quot;&lt;/code&gt; by adjusting the point weight far enough up? If yes how much point weight would that need? The easton chart only shows up to 125gr point weight. It would fit with that according to the chart, but the chart is giving too hard spine values all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1528" LastEditorUserId="1528" LastEditDate="2013-07-08T14:26:46.237" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T17:27:25.313" Title="Tune Easton FMJ arrows for a 30# bow?" Tags="|equipment|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2873" CreationDate="2013-07-08T05:17:46.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 19 (BOUNDARIES)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 3 (a) (ii)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a fielder with some part of his person in contact with the ball, touches the boundary or has some part of his person grounded beyond the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And section 3 (b) *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The phrases ‘touches the boundary’ and ‘touching the boundary’ shall mean &lt;strong&gt;contact with&lt;/strong&gt; either (i) the boundary edge as defined in 2 above or (ii) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; person&lt;/strong&gt; or obstacle within the field of play which has been designated a boundary by the umpires before the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*read the bolded part specially&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as per section 3 (b) if a fielder with some part of his person in contact with the ball touches any person/object outside the boundary line, it will be declared a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T05:17:46.603" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2878" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-08T10:46:02.597" Score="7" ViewCount="13627" Body="&lt;p&gt;The match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/tri-nation-west-indies-2013/engine/match/597927.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka vs West Indies&lt;/a&gt; in Tri-Nation Series was stopped calling it as a reserve day and it continued the next day (08-07-13).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is meant by reserve day? And why ICC not following this for even some big matches? In what basis this rule will applicable? Is there any other matches was called off as a reserve day and continued on next day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1211" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:50:27.890" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T13:10:25.537" Title="What is reserve day in ODI cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2878" CreationDate="2013-07-08T11:43:15.930" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is meant by reserve day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket&quot;&gt;Wikipedia - Limited overs cricket&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Important one-day matches, international and domestic, often have two days set aside, the second day being a &quot;reserve&quot; day to allow more chance of the game being completed if a result is not possible on the first day (for instance if play is prevented or interrupted by rain).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And why ICC not following this for even some big matches? In what basis this rule will applicable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This depends on ICC and (if it's not a big tournament e.g. Tri-series etc) Cricket boards of playing countries. The reserve days are scheduled while scheduling the timetable of any tournament. For big tournaments numbers of days of the tournament are fixed as per their yearly schedule. And from the given days they schedule reserve days specially for latter stages (e.g. Quarter final, Semi final etc..). So that the match can be played again/resumed if the first day is interrupted by rain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T11:43:15.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-08T15:01:29.567" Score="7" ViewCount="996" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is which pitcher gets the win A or B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My baseball team played a double header (each game 7 innings) recently. Pitcher A started game 2. Because he also pitched in game one (all 7 innings), he only went 3 innings in game 2. He didn't give up a run and when he left the game his team was winning 4-0. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitcher B came in to pitch the 4th, 5th 6th and 7th innings and never gave up the lead. However he did give up 4 runs in four innings. The final score of the game was 11-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under MLB rules, who is credited with the win? A or B? And why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1531" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-08T15:03:39.830" LastActivityDate="2013-08-16T15:02:13.183" Title="Unique baseball scoring situation: Who gets the Win?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1234" CreationDate="2013-07-08T19:55:38.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try putting your skateboard on something that your wheels cant move on such as grass or cobbled ground (definitely avoid sand and dry dirt) and try a few ollies or try lifting your nose into the air and staying in a &quot;manual&quot; position keeping your shoulders in line with the board and also making sure you have the right width of board if your toes or heel are dangling really far off the board (if the balls of your feet aren't still on the board when your heel rests on the back side) you will require a wider board giving you much more stability and control. people often disregard or don't take these factors into consideration I myself have just bought a wider deck and I feel much more comfortable and I've been skating for 4 years now. Keeping your shoulders in line with board will make sure your board doesn't rotate in front or behind you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, using balance boards will only help you balance while standing still. You will have to brave the streets to learn how to balance when pushing as your centre of gravity is constantly moving. the best way I know to keep balanced while pushing is to never mongo (basically never push with your front foot. keep your strongest foot placed on the front bolts near the nose. this is because pushing with you front foot means that you take much longer to bring your foot back to rest on the front as opposed to on the back. this would allow a lot more room for stumbling and instability. Pushing with your back foot is much more reliable.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="1478" LastEditDate="2013-09-02T10:28:45.723" LastActivityDate="2013-09-02T10:28:45.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2881" CreationDate="2013-07-08T20:12:38.203" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_scorer_10.jsp&quot;&gt;official MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, I believe pitcher B would be credited with the win in the second game because of the fact that the starting pitcher only went 3 innings in that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See rule 10.17(b):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) If the pitcher whose team assumes a lead while such pitcher is in&#xA;  the game, or during the inning on offense in which such pitcher is&#xA;  removed from the game, and does not relinquish such lead, is a&#xA;  starting pitcher who has not completed (1) five innings of a game that&#xA;  lasts six or more innings on defense, or (2) four innings of a game&#xA;  that lasts five innings on defense, then the official scorer shall&#xA;  credit as the winning pitcher the relief pitcher, if there is only one&#xA;  relief pitcher, or the relief pitcher who, in the official scorers&#xA;  judgment was the most effective, if there is more than one relief&#xA;  pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-07-08T20:24:10.730" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T20:24:10.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2884" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2894" CreationDate="2013-07-09T11:33:42.170" Score="6" ViewCount="619" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8JgML.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In every cricket match there are flags which are placed around the edge of the cricket stadium as shown in the figure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is done for all the sports played (though not sure about it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;My question is in what sequence they are placed ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does they are placed according to their rankings ? or there is not any sequence they are randomly placed ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;What is the motive behind the flags is there is any special reason / history behind this ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it only to indicate about the nations playing the cricket match ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Who holds the decision to place National flags ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it depends on the ground authority for that particular match ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-07-21T22:32:55.343" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T22:32:55.343" Title="Sequence of national/team flags on cricket ground" Tags="|cricket|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2886" CreationDate="2013-07-09T11:51:05.477" Score="14" ViewCount="3502" Body="&lt;p&gt;0:0 is quite common score in football (soccer), it also happens in other sports. Is it possible in basketball? In other words does it ever happen in official game? If not what was the closest result?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1532" LastEditorUserId="10420" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T13:53:01.897" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T13:53:01.897" Title="0:0 score in basketball" Tags="|trivia|basketball|records|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2885" CreationDate="2013-07-09T12:17:50.673" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we are talking about professional basketball this result isn't realistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On November 22, 1950, the Fort Wayne Pistons defeated the Minneapolis Lakers 19-18 in the lowest scoring game in NBA history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was prior to shot clock being added in 1954/55.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lowest scoring NBA game since adding the shot-clock was in 1955, when Boston won Milwaukee 62:57 (119 points together). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lowest score by one team was in 1999 Chicago vs. Miami when Chicago scored only 49 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="385" LastEditDate="2013-07-09T13:14:51.763" LastActivityDate="2013-07-09T13:14:51.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2820" CreationDate="2013-07-09T16:35:48.850" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, it's important to understand what constitutes &quot;finishing&quot; a race in Track and Field.  The winner is not the first person to get a body part across the line or &quot;touch the tape&quot; as you referred.  The winner is the first person to get their &lt;em&gt;torso&lt;/em&gt; across the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A situation similar to this occurred in the US Olympic trials for the 2012 London Olympics.  Allyson Felix and Jeneba Tarmoh &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/24/allyson-felix-jeneba-tarmoh-track-tie-olympics-videop_n_1623155.html&quot;&gt;tied for 3rd&lt;/a&gt; (which was important because only the top 3 qualify for the Olympic team).  Originally, Tarmoh was declared the winner by .0001 seconds, but later they determined it was a tie (the cameras they used shot at 3000 fps - quite capable of determining a tie).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this were to happen in the Olympics, both would be awarded the bronze medal. If the tie were for 1st, they would both be awarded a gold medal and the 3rd finisher would be awarded a bronze and no silver would be awarded (This happened in 2000 when Gary Hall Jr. and Anthony Ervin &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2000/swimming/news/2000/09/22/mens_50m/&quot;&gt;tied in the 50M freestyle swim&lt;/a&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, because only 3 members of team could qualify, a tie breaker was necessary.  The USATF (nor the IAAF - the international governing body of T&amp;amp;F) had no rules in place to settle this particular tie, so they &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/felix-tarmoh-us-olympic-trials-2012-6#ixzz2YZC2CTzL&quot;&gt;resorted to the following&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There will either be a coin flip or a run off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Each runner will be allowed to pick which option they want. If they disagree, the tiebreaker will be a runoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If both runners decide not to pick an option, the tiebreaker will be a coin flip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually Jenebah Tarmoh pulled out from the tie-break and surrendered the spot to Felix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A situation like this is obviously rare and will probably only happen in shorter distances.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="650" LastEditorUserId="650" LastEditDate="2013-07-09T16:43:48.093" LastActivityDate="2013-07-09T16:43:48.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2861" CreationDate="2013-07-09T18:46:33.340" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two rules of thumb to determine your correct tennis racket grip size:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hold the racket by the handle as you would while playing and see if you can insert your your non-dominant index finger in the space between your palm and ring finger tip.  If your index finger is snug, the grip is sized correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player can measure his or her grip size with a ruler.  Measure the distance from the tip of your ringer, down to the horizontal crease in your palm, closest to your wrist.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These methods are described in greater detail with photographs here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/LC/Gripsize.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/LC/Gripsize.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-15T12:35:18.077" LastActivityDate="2013-07-15T12:35:18.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2850" CreationDate="2013-07-09T20:03:13.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most profound effect I can think of, has to do with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion#Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thermal expansion coefficient&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_%28material%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cork&lt;/a&gt;. &#xA;As you can see in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=HK0c2xKQb8Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; promotional video about the production of feather shuttle cocks, all feather cocks contain a piece of cork. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the temperature increases, the cork expands in volume, gradually pushing the feather stems (dotted lines) outside. This causes the outside feathers to bend inwards, thus reducing &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;drag&lt;/a&gt;, see picture:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CEoDU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same, only reversed, is happening when the temperature is decreasing. Then the stems are drawn inwards, pushing the feathers outside, thus increasing drag. Other factors that have an influence on the speed of the shuttle are humidity and air pressure that usually coincide with the temperature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to compensate for those differences, feather shuttle cocks come in different speeds and weights. This reference takes both altitude and temperature into account: &lt;a href=&quot;http://badmintonmap.com/shuttle.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SPEED&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I am not affiliated to the company mentioned in the YouTube video.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2013-07-09T20:03:13.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2821" CreationDate="2013-07-10T16:43:54.013" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Especially in this age of 'on demand' media, NBA referees will take this time to analyze specific plays, fouls, flopping and potential arguments that might carry over to second half between two opposing players or between a particular referee and coach/player. The head referee will also critique his crew and make adjustments for second half. And as mentioned above its an opportunity to 'relax' and rehydrate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a good behind the scenes of NBA referee's halftime routines (around 2min mark): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/video/channels/nba_tv/2013/04/17/20130416-monty-mccutchen-feat.nba/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/video/channels/nba_tv/2013/04/17/20130416-monty-mccutchen-feat.nba/index.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1535" LastActivityDate="2013-07-10T16:43:54.013" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2893" CreationDate="2013-07-11T14:32:58.277" Score="9" ViewCount="17575" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batsmen A and B are playing, A is facing the ball and hits the ball inside the ground. Both of them running between the wickets and meet at the centre of the pitch, they saw that the ball is thrown to one end. The player with the ball is waiting without stumping. Then both the batsmen run towards the other end and reached the crease and then now the fielder took off the bails at the other end. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the batsmen don't want to give up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is out at this situation according to the rules of cricket/ICC?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stumping may be done on either A's end or B's end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T17:25:56.787" Title="Who is out if both batsmen end up at the same end and at the other end fielders hit the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|icc|wicket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2892" CreationDate="2013-07-11T18:20:11.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a normal scenario in cricket and I have seen this happened many times. It was always the in-form batsman or the batsman who has already settled down there used to stay and other one used to give up. I am not sure there was any argument like that happened ever because since both players play for same team, one batsman who made the mistake used to give up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case both are not willing to give up and the players never crossed each other while running, the person who is not in his crease will be judged out. If they had already crossed each other, then the other person will be judged out since batsmen crossing each other means that they have switched the ends while running and they failed to make it completely to the opposite crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your case, if A had played the ball and never crossed B while running to B's crease and run out happened at A's end, A will be judged out. If they crossed in the middle pitch, B will be out. Hope that makes it clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T18:20:11.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2884" CreationDate="2013-07-11T18:25:51.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is in what sequence they are placed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are no particular sequence. It depends on the cricket board and cricket association related to that ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the motive behind the flags is there is any special reason /&#xA;  history behind this ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is just to show respect to that country. It is way of telling that we respect your country and the people there. This is normally done in many other sports as well. I am not sure if it got any particular history for this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who holds the decision to place National flags ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This should be the cricket board of that country or the cricket association.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T18:25:51.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2861" CreationDate="2013-07-12T04:26:44.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of the day, you just have to feel comfortable with the overall feel of the grip and that it shouldn't move too much (if at all) in your hand. You'll need to try this out for both the forehand, backhand and serving grip (preferably by hitting a tennis ball) because you can also feel the grip against the impact of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastActivityDate="2013-07-12T04:26:44.820" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2778" CreationDate="2013-07-12T20:38:17.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will need the following items:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Heat Gun (a hair dryer would suffice also)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spray Adhesive&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To remove rubber from a side of a ping-pong paddle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use the heat gun to warm the adhesive between the rubber and the paddle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the adhesive is warm enough, &lt;strong&gt;slowly&lt;/strong&gt; begin to remove the rubber.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If your attempt to remove the rubber is of any trouble, repeat step 1.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is important &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; to tear the rubber in any way, shape, or form.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Optional: If clunky remains of adhesive remain on either the paddle or rubber, you may use the heat gun to warm and slowly attempt to remove the adhesive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To apply new rubber to a side of a ping-pong paddle (assuming old rubber has been removed):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evenly apply spray adhesive to the paddle (assuming there are no clunky remains of adhesive are present).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evenly apply the backside of the rubber onto the paddle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Give the adhesive an adequate amount of time to bond between the rubber and paddle.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Applying weight to the applicable side of the rubber/paddle may accelerate the process.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-12T20:38:17.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2892" CreationDate="2013-07-12T22:53:49.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 38&lt;/a&gt; (Run out), section 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batsman out [...] is the one whose ground is at the end where the wicket is put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-batsman-out-of-his-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 29&lt;/a&gt; (Batsman out of his ground), section 2(c):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If there is no batsman in either ground, then each ground belongs to whichever batsman is nearer to it, or, if the batsmen are level, to whichever batsman was nearer to it immediately prior to their drawing level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in your scenario, if the wicket is put down at A's end, A will be out, assuming they have not crossed at any point (or crossed an even number of times, thus meaning that that A is always the batsman that was last nearest to end A).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-07-12T22:53:49.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="168" CreationDate="2013-07-14T19:57:27.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a problem with the ping pong ball and pillow analogy. A ping pong ball is light and has way less density than a hard golf disc and a pillow (Even one the size of a golf disc) has way more give than the rubber on a soft disc golf putter. It seems unfair to compare the two. Personally, I use a hard plastic putter and rarely bounce outs other than shots that nick the outside of the chains. However my buddy uses a soft vibram putter and it seems to bounce out quite regularly on the same type of chain contact that puts my hard putter in the basket. At least it seems that way to me. I don't think many pros use soft putters. If that's true then there's probably a good reason why. It would be interesting to get a pro's opinion on this topic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1546" LastActivityDate="2013-07-14T19:57:27.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2902" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-15T17:31:58.713" Score="-9" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a MLB team won all of it's games during the season then lost three games in a five game playoff at the end of the season could they play in the world series? Their final season end record would be 162 wins and 3 losses. No trip to the world series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1549" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T01:34:28.613" Title="World Series and Playoffs" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-07-16T03:57:08.860" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2902" CreationDate="2013-07-15T17:40:39.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is important to distinguish that the MLB regular season and the MLB postseason are NOT one in the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a MLB team won all of it's games during the [&lt;em&gt;regular season&lt;/em&gt;] then lost three&#xA;  games in a five game playoff [&lt;em&gt;during the divisional round of the postseason&lt;/em&gt;] could they play&#xA;  in the world series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, this team will not proceed to the next round of the postseason &lt;em&gt;if the team was defeated by their opponent during the divisional round of the postseason by losing any combination of three games&lt;/em&gt;. Therefore, there would be no trip to the World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Their final season end record would be 162 wins and 3 losses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team's &lt;em&gt;regular season&lt;/em&gt; record would be 162-0. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team's &lt;em&gt;combined&lt;/em&gt; (regular season + postseason) record would be as follows depending on the number of games the team had won during the league divisional round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lost 0-3: 162-3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lost 1-3: 163-3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lost 2-3: 164-3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-15T18:02:25.993" LastActivityDate="2013-07-15T18:02:25.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2909" CreationDate="2013-07-15T20:16:54.210" Score="16" ViewCount="3834" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which stats are taken into account when ranking a team? How are the points distributed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been wondering recently about how strange it is that the present ranking puts Columbia at the 3rd position above Brazil, Italy, England, Portugal etc.!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if suppose European championship is being played where the South American teams don't play (obvious!), and lets say Brazil is ranked #1 and Germany a close #2 by a few points. If suppose Germany wins the Euro then Germany gets the points and gets ranked #1. But Brazil didn't play at all! This strikes me as unfair...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can somebody please explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1552" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T09:22:42.927" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T09:22:42.927" Title="How does FIFA rank national teams?" Tags="|football|ranking|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2905" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-15T21:29:08.273" Score="5" ViewCount="1021" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners on 1st &amp;amp; 3rd with one out.  Runner on 1st attempts to steal as batter lines out to RF.  runner on 3rd tags and scores before runner attempting to steal is doubled off of 1st.  The run counts. How is the AB scored?  Sac Fly w/RBI or Double Play w/no RBI?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1553" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T03:28:11.287" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T12:29:26.677" Title="Sac Fly or not?" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2902" CreationDate="2013-07-16T01:34:28.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regular season record ONLY determines if they make it to the playoffs, after the team makes the playoffs it's as if they have a 0-0 record. Therefore if they lose 3 out of the 5 games, then they are eliminated from the playoffs and DO NOT make the world series. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1554" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T01:34:28.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2013-07-16T07:55:50.633" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA ranking procedure is detailed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/r&amp;amp;a-wr/52/00/97/fs-590_10e_wrpoints.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The basic logic of these calculations is simple: any team that does&#xA;  well in world football wins points which enable it to climb the world&#xA;  ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team points are calculated in a four-year period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Calculation of points for a single match is calculated in the following formula:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;M&lt;/strong&gt; x &lt;strong&gt;I&lt;/strong&gt; x &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt; x &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the following factors taking into consideration:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;M - Match result, Teams gain 3 points for a victory, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for a defeat. In a penalty shoot-out, the winning team gains 2 points and the losing team gains 1 point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I - Match importance, Friendly match equal 1 point, FIFA World Cup™ qualifier or confederation-level qualifier worth 2.5 points, Confederation-level final competition or FIFA Confederations Cup equal 3 points and the biggest world tournament FIFA World Cup™ final worth 4 points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;T - Opponent strength, calculated by the following formula - &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Uc4WO.png&quot; alt=&quot;Opponent strength&quot;&gt;, when the minimum multiplier is 0.5 for team ranking 150th and under. The ranking position is taken from the the most recently published FIFA World Ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;C - Confederation strength, In addition to the opponent strength, it also considers the relative strength of entire confederations, UEFA/CONMEBOL = 1.00, CONCACAF = 0.88, AFC/CAF = 0.86 and OFC = 0.85. When calculating matches between teams from different confederations the mean value of the confederations is considers into account.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;each match point is also multiple by the match date:&#xA;Match average from past 12 months is multiply by 1,&#xA;Match average from previous year is multiply by 0.5,&#xA;Match average from year 3 is multiply by 0.3,&#xA;Match average from year 4 is multiply by 0.2,&#xA;Matches older than 4 years is multiply by 0 and deleted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All national team points are summed up to the magic number which is the national team ranking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;another source is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings#Current_calculation_method&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T07:55:50.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2911" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:25:58.503" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T08:25:58.503" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T08:25:58.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2912" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:25:58.503" Score="0" Body="Questions asking for a &quot;big list&quot; of examples, illustrations, etc. Please do not ask too many of these. Please do not use this as the only tag for a question." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T10:39:29.937" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T10:39:29.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2913" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:27:00.743" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T08:27:00.743" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T08:27:00.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2914" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:27:00.743" Score="0" Body="This tag is for questions that are asking for online resources (websites, web applications, statistics, online tools, videos an lectures, etc). " OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T10:39:27.233" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T10:39:27.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2905" CreationDate="2013-07-16T12:29:26.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 10.04(b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official scorer shall not credit a run batted in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;when the batter grounds into a force double play or a reverse-force double&#xA;  play;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know what a force out is (a runner is forced out when a fielder with the ball steps on a bag that they are required to advance to). But what is a &quot;reverse-force&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.00&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) A reverse force double play is one in which the first out is a force play and the&#xA;  second out is made on a runner for whom the force is removed by reason of&#xA;  the first out. Examples of reverse force plays: runner on first, one out; batter&#xA;  grounds to first baseman, who steps on first base (one out) and throws to sec-&#xA;  ond baseman or shortstop for the second out (a tag play)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words it's the old force the runner at first, tag the runner going to second play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the case in the play described, and there is no error on the play so the batter would be credited with a sac fly and an RBI and the runner getting doubled off first base would get a &lt;a href=&quot;http://tootblan.tumblr.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;TOOTBLAN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All rules citations from &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T12:29:26.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2918" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:35:45.743" Score="6" ViewCount="732" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally when you buy a large number of baseball cards you're going to get a ton of common and uncommon cards. Obviously you want rare or special cards to be kept separate and be well maintained, but the bulk of your collection is going to be common cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm planning to start collecting again soon and would like to have a good idea of what kind of storage I should plan on obtaining for the bulk of my collection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What storage solutions exist that make these cards easy to access, keep them in fair condition and do not take up too much space? I'm especially interested in solutions that readily expand to take on more cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T18:33:32.120" Title="How should baseball card commons be stored?" Tags="|baseball|collectibles|cards|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2919" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:40:20.143" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T19:40:20.143" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T19:40:20.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2920" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:40:20.143" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports collectibles and memorabilia. This tag may be used with the collectible in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T16:45:52.270" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T16:45:52.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2921" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:41:20.647" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T19:41:20.647" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T19:41:20.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2922" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:41:20.647" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports trading cards, a common sports collectible." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-12T15:49:00.677" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T15:49:00.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2923" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:41:41.253" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T19:41:41.253" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T19:41:41.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2924" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:41:41.253" Score="0" Body="Questions about storing sports items." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T16:44:57.250" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T16:44:57.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2928" CreationDate="2013-07-16T19:52:30.207" Score="5" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;I once collected sports cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My means to store sports cards were to slip the card into a soft-sleeve cover, whether in a binder or a plastic bin made for card collecting. For &quot;more valuable&quot; cards (ie. rookie cards), I would slip the soft-sleeve covered card into a hard-sleeve cover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have taken a look at different grading scales for the condition of sports cards, and one thing seems to be common in card collecting...a card that is graded as &quot;near perfect&quot; is known to be in &quot;mint&quot; condition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sgccard.com/grading_scale.htm&quot;&gt;One grading scale&lt;/a&gt; grades a card in &quot;mint&quot; condition as a 96/100. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A minor flaw may exist upon close examination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballcards101.com/graded-cards.htm&quot;&gt;Another grading scale&lt;/a&gt; grades a card in &quot;mint&quot; condition as a 9/10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...a superb condition card that exhibits only one ... minor [flaw]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What factors should I consider toward keeping sports cards in mint condition?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T13:44:11.837" Title="What factors should I consider toward keeping sports cards in mint condition?" Tags="|maintenance|collectibles|cards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2926" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2936" CreationDate="2013-07-16T21:05:20.843" Score="4" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;Buying a badminton racket is easy. Buying the right one is far more difficult. Each time when you buy a new racket however, the new racket is accompanied by a racket sleeve. I always threw them away, because they occupied space in my sports bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are those sleeves for show or do they serve a purpose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T22:55:30.347" Title="Badminton Racket Sleeves" Tags="|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2933" CreationDate="2013-07-16T21:31:18.163" Score="7" ViewCount="1452" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often heard the term &quot;throw&quot; used in badminton. What does it mean a player loses a point because of a &quot;throw&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-19T14:50:33.467" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T14:50:33.467" Title="What does &quot;throw&quot; mean in badminton?" Tags="|terminology|badminton|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2925" CreationDate="2013-07-17T03:06:18.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Moisture&lt;/strong&gt; is obviously a major factor. Keep them away from any water source, or out of a basement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;strong&gt;sunlight&lt;/strong&gt;, as that will cause the color of the cards to fade. Although if they are in a box that is not an issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be careful of the corners.&lt;/strong&gt; Make sure they do not get bent, ripped, or warped in any manor, as that will seriously detract from your overall value. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You seem to know what you are doing with these and have taken the necessary steps to keep your cards safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T13:44:11.837" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T13:44:11.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3552" CreationDate="2013-07-17T03:17:45.450" Score="4" ViewCount="813" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a lacrosse player who primarily plays attack. I am starting to string my own heads, and I was looking for any tips. My team's &lt;em&gt;equipment expert&lt;/em&gt; could not offer me much assistance, much to my dismay. I have been to Total Lacrosse for all my mesh and some tips. I am looking for a way to get better whip on my shots, and i am told a V pocket will give me that. Any help is appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T17:09:34.063" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T22:37:14.077" Title="Tips/Advice for Stringing a lacrosse stick with a &quot;V&quot; Shooter Pocket and 2 Cross strings" Tags="|equipment|lacrosse|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2930" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-17T03:31:39.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrosse&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lacrosse&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T17:05:51.120" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T17:05:51.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2931" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-17T03:31:39.460" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of lacrosse." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T03:31:39.460" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T03:31:39.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2927" CreationDate="2013-07-17T04:55:38.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-information.com/badminton-terms.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.badminton-information.com/badminton-terms.html&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; : An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the racket before being released; also called a &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;sling&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;throw&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the shuttle is held on the racket before it is being released, it is called &amp;quot;throw&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-information.com/rules-of-badminton.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.badminton-information.com/rules-of-badminton.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Faults&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of badminton consider the following as &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;faults&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shuttle is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is considered as a &lt;em&gt;fault&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/sports-badminton.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T05:01:49.193" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2927" CreationDate="2013-07-17T08:43:19.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular context, the word &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/throw+a+game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Throw&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, could also be interpreted differently. Here it's meant to describe the mis-behaviour of players in a match (could be in other sports as well), to deliberately lose a game for their benefit.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most recently, during the Olympics of 2012 held in London, four pairs of women's doubles badminton players, were excluded from the tournament because of &quot;throwing&quot; the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/aug/01/london-2012-badminton-disqualified-olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Eight Olympic badminton players disqualified for 'throwing&#xA;games'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_fixing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Match fixing - Throwing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T10:36:41.060" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T10:36:41.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7104" CreationDate="2013-07-17T10:09:02.647" Score="7" ViewCount="2836" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently trying to perform a 360 flip on a skateboard and I can get as close as varial Kickflip (180 degrees as appose to 360 degrees shuv with flip) I would like to know how I ensure that the board shuvs 360 degrees as well as staying under my feet for the full Tre Flip. Any ideas? hints? tips?&#xA;Thanks :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ive been hard at work on this trick lately but ive noticed as soon as I get the full flip I cannot get the 360 degree shuv and when I get the 3' shuv I cannot get the flip... its rather annoying how can I get the board to flip and spin at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="1478" LastEditDate="2014-04-09T13:07:44.560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T20:27:45.357" Title="Tre Flip (360 flip) on a skateboard" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2926" CreationDate="2013-07-17T13:22:23.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For those of us with lots of clutter (shoes, water bottles, pens, etc) knocking about in the racket bag it can protect the frame from chips and the strings from becoming snagged on anything loose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those without racket bags it provides the only protection from everything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone once suggested that it also provides protection from extremes of hot and cold, which might cause the racket to play differently for a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T13:22:23.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2940" CreationDate="2013-07-17T15:14:14.960" Score="7" ViewCount="2129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been riding a longboard from time to time and I find that afterwards I often get cramp in my right thigh (my front foot on the deck) I think this is due to misplacement of my body of some kind... is their a way that I can prevent this? maybe by the way I distribute my weight on the leg or something like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T15:41:00.400" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T19:03:05.363" Title="How to prevent cramp when longboarding?" Tags="|longboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2938" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2939" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of longboarding." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T15:41:47.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2937" CreationDate="2013-07-17T18:28:25.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If its truly a cramp, then the issue is probably not related to the way you're standing on the board. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cramps are often caused by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dehydration&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;performing a foreign activity &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;muscle fatigue&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;poor conditioning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your best bet is to increase your water intake and continue boarding. If after a few weeks the cramps persist, then you may need to see a doctor as it could be something more serious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1559" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-17T18:52:30.410" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T18:52:30.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2918" CreationDate="2013-07-17T18:33:32.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question really comes down to how much money you want to spend on the preservation of your collection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the low end of the spectrum (and perfectly suitable), you could put all commons in penny sleeves and a top loader. Then put them into a square tupper ware container to protect against water and what not. The downside is where they're stored once they're in the container. You want to avoid to much heat, and to much moisture. This leads me to...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Climate controlled storage. With climate controlled storage you're going to ensure that your cards are never to hot or to moist which will guarantee their preservation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For my money, penny sleeves + top loads + square tupper ware container + closet thats in neither the attic nor the basement but somewhere in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1559" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T18:33:32.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2942" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-17T18:47:57.590" Score="5" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/video.html/2013/07/15/equipment--how-to-build-sergio-garcia-s-driver&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; to build Sergio Garcia's driver, the equipment builder takes a clubhead with a stock loft of 10 degrees and tweaks it to have a final clubhead loft of 8.5 degrees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the motivation behind tweaking a clubhead's loft?&lt;/strong&gt; Are there advantages to tweaking a clubhead's loft (10 to 8.5) vs. using a stock loft (8.5 with no tweaking)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-07-19T18:58:16.740" Title="What is the motivation behind tweaking a clubhead's loft?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2943" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2944" CreationDate="2013-07-18T11:21:41.890" Score="12" ViewCount="25110" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is extra time decided to be given in football, either when the teams have scored the same number of goals, or when one team has scored more goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can teams have extra time by requesting it, in either of the above cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they request extra time if extra time has already been given?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-03T05:41:05.767" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T22:29:35.727" Title="What or who decides whether extra time is given in football?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2943" CreationDate="2013-07-18T12:09:48.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have 2 kinds of &quot;extra time&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is a couple of minutes added to a half time because the match was delayed for various reasons. (injuries, subs, fouls, etc...). This one is called Stoppage time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second is 2 additional half times of 15 minutes each (30 min total).&#xA;This extra time is only given when the match is a knockout phase and there is no winner yet. If there is still no winner after the extra time, the game proceeds in penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer the question:&#xA;Extra time can only be given by the referee at the end of a knockout phase when there is no winner (score is equal).&#xA;Teams can not ask for extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1070" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T08:25:00.740" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T08:25:00.740" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2945" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-18T19:09:19.843" Score="5" ViewCount="3771" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are fielders (not being the catcher) allowed to start in foul territory? This is actually something that I did. As a left outfielder I played/started on foul territory, because of a very strong and low sun in my eyes elsewhere. It could also be useful for right fielders with very fast pitchers. Or place a fielder at the back-stop for a wild pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it allowed to have the catcher at the back-stop (fence), or right next to the home dug-out (say, for catching foul balls), or somewhere right of the right foul-line but 60 yards away from home plate, or in the infield six feet away from the plate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which rule applies, if any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-07-18T21:02:50.570" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T17:28:22.907" Title="Are fielders (non-catchers) allowed to start from foul territory, and where should the catcher be?" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2951" CreationDate="2013-07-18T19:19:54.153" Score="6" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;In amateur cricket, as a batsman, if you have only one planned shot, a hard one, and you know you are quite able to execute it, but a fielder, without obvious protection (e.g., a helmet), creeps up on you to say 4 yards, in front of you, what is the right thing to do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should you warn her/him? Should you inform the umpires? Should you refuse to bat? What?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T13:17:37.517" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T13:17:37.517" Title="What is the appropriate action to take, if any, if a fielder is too close for her/his own safety?" Tags="|cricket|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-18T19:44:07.717" Score="5" ViewCount="4009" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I saw a recent world championship (or something like it) game where the pitcher was summoned to remove her &quot;inner&quot; glove (after a few pitches). Is there a rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T15:53:04.317" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T19:24:48.653" Title="Is it illegal to field/pitch with a batting glove inside a regular glove?" Tags="|rules|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2948" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2952" CreationDate="2013-07-18T19:49:20.333" Score="9" ViewCount="8047" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, play usually stops temporarily when spectators or personnel walk or stand in front of the (live) sight screen. What about fielders? Should they move elsewhere on request?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-07-19T06:54:58.473" LastActivityDate="2013-09-29T11:28:31.790" Title="Is it unlawful or not-done to field between bowler and sight screen?" Tags="|rules|cricket|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2953" CreationDate="2013-07-18T19:54:28.263" Score="6" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, non-striking batsmen have an uncanny ability to stay in the line of sight between striking batsman and a fielder. Can they be requested to move away, and should they indeed move upon such a request?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-07-18T22:06:32.080" LastActivityDate="2013-07-18T22:10:27.627" Title="Should a non-striking batsman move sideways, if asked by an in-line fielder?" Tags="|rules|cricket|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2013-07-18T20:34:23.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally in both baseball and softball, a pitcher can be asked to remove a &lt;em&gt;white or ball colored&lt;/em&gt; piece of clothing that interferes with the batter's ability to see the ball coming in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is both a safety issue and a competitive advantage issue. If a hitter develops confusion about where the ball is coming from due to the pitcher's clothing they may not be able to get out of the way of the ball if it were to be about to hit them and they would also be at a severe disadvantage at the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, without knowing the exact league you are dealing with I cannot quote a rules citation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-07-18T20:34:23.393" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2946" CreationDate="2013-07-18T21:52:21.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In junior cricket, the (adult) coaches and umpires have a responsibility to ensure player safety and should (and in my experience typically do) intervene to prevent players putting themselves in unnecessary danger in this fashion. In Australia at least, over the last 5-10 years the wearing of protective equipment by junior players has become universal due to an increased desire for player safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if it is senior cricket then players can do as they wish. If you are batting and you feel that you are endangering a fielder, remember &lt;em&gt;that is what they want you to think.&lt;/em&gt; The whole point of fielding so close is not to actually take a catch ( you don't need to be so close to do so) but to toy with the batter's mind. If the position of the fielder is worrying you, then the fielder is doing their job. Focus on your own job and let the fielder worry about their safety. Remember that the bowler is sprinting in and putting all their might into bowling a hard object as hard as possible at your head. The bowler doesn't want to hurt you as such, but your safety is none of their concern. You should have the same attitude about fielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-07-18T22:05:50.280" LastActivityDate="2013-07-18T22:05:50.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2948" CreationDate="2013-07-18T22:04:53.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The role of the sight screen is to help the batter see the ball at the start of its flight, as it leaves the bowlers hand. If you think about the angles involved, it is mainly the upper portion of the sight screen that is used, so a fielder standing in front of it would not block this view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with spectators is typically not that they are in front of the sight screen, but that they are &lt;em&gt;moving&lt;/em&gt; in front of the sight screen. Humans are very tuned in to movement visually, so having someone move in the line of sight of the batter is distracting. Under the laws of cricket, fielders are not permitted to move laterally as the bowler is running is (they can move towards or away from the batsmen under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 41.7, 41.8&lt;/a&gt;). Therefore, a fielder in front of the sight screen but stationary will not be distracting the batter. They probably wouldn't notice given that the Umpire and Bowler are also in the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fielding directly in front of the sight screen would be a very poor field placement in any case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-09-29T11:28:31.790" LastActivityDate="2013-09-29T11:28:31.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2949" CreationDate="2013-07-18T22:10:27.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the ball is struck by the batter on strike, the non-striker can stand where they like, restricted only by the limits to how far they can 'back up' and being prohibited from running or standing on the centre strip of the pitch. In practice, batters pretty much all stand in the same place and it is up to the fielders to adjust their position if they feel blocked. There is no obligation on the batter to move for a fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, once the ball has been struck both batsmen need to be careful not to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;obstruct the field&lt;/a&gt;. There are lots of grey areas in this part of the laws and it is a constant source of controversy at all levels of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2013-07-18T22:10:27.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2948" CreationDate="2013-07-19T05:35:44.517" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not unlawful to field between bowler and side screen. In fact there is a fielding position for that and it is called straight hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg/448px-Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually the fielder is placed at an angle and I don't remember any captains using this fielding position. You can see all the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielding_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-07-31T23:35:32.103" LastActivityDate="2013-07-31T23:35:32.103" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2942" CreationDate="2013-07-19T18:58:16.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that Wade Liles' wording in the video is confusing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Non-adjustable drivers can be purchased with different amounts of loft.  For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://taylormadegolf.ca/TaylorMade/RocketBallz-Stage-2-Tour-Driver/DW-JN997,en_CA,pd.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;TaylorMade RocketBallz Stage 2 Tour Driver&lt;/a&gt; can be purchased as either a 9˚ or 10.5˚ (the options are on the right-hand side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no such options for adjustable drivers like the &lt;a href=&quot;http://taylormadegolf.ca/TaylorMade/R1-Driver/DW-JN917,en_CA,pd.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;TaylorMade R1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://taylormadegolf.ca/TaylorMade/R1-TP-Driver/DW-JN919,en_CA,pd.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;TaylorMade R1 TP&lt;/a&gt;, they are sold as is and then can be adjusted (those models can range from 8˚ to 12˚).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the video when Wade says that Sergio likes 8.5, he grabs a 10˚ one from the drawer and then adjusts it to 8.5˚, but he could've grabbed any of the other heads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, there is no difference between tweaking a club vs using a stock loft.  The reason they tweak it in the video is because you can't have a 8.5˚ R1 any other way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1563" LastActivityDate="2013-07-19T18:58:16.740" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2956" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-20T18:37:38.407" Score="10" ViewCount="3106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any attempts (in history or today) of top-level baseball players (cricketers) having a shot at &quot;higher-level&quot; cricket (baseball) (and perhaps succeeding in some sort of way)? I do not mean demonstration or recreational games and the like, but rather real higher-level competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2014-01-20T19:34:06.367" Title="Are there any notable cricketing baseballers or baseball-playing cricketers?" Tags="|cricket|baseball|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="745" CreationDate="2013-07-21T00:44:59.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the first Latin American player in the Majors, was Esteban Bellan, a Cuban.  He played for the Troy Haymakers of the National Baseball Association.  The Association became the National League in 1876.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Furthermore, it was the Cubans who took baseball to Venenzuela, as well as the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and the eastern coast of Mexico. In northern Mexico and Nicaragua, it was the Americans whos took the nation's past time there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1569" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T00:44:59.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2956" CreationDate="2013-07-21T01:35:34.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three Australian cricket captains also played baseball for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mosman.baseball.com.au/default.asp?Page=7857&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mosman Baseball club&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;Richie Benaud&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Allan Border&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ian Chappell&lt;/strong&gt;. The club also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mosman.baseball.com.au/default.asp?Page=7857&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lists&lt;/a&gt; the following test cricketers who played for them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ian Craig&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Neil Harvey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Graham Hole &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gordon F Rorke &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David Sincock&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1566" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T01:35:34.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-21T18:51:20.317" Score="14" ViewCount="65603" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you hit the hand, if it's on the ball? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need proof that it shows that if you hit the hand, it isn't a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-28T17:15:16.690" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T03:08:51.617" Title="Is the hand a part of the ball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2963" CreationDate="2013-07-21T19:59:29.637" Score="4" ViewCount="2090" Body="&lt;p&gt;The striker hits the ball forwards, very slightly to off, but mostly &lt;em&gt;up&lt;/em&gt;. The bowler makes his/her way towards the area where the ball will land in order to catch it (before it lands). The non-striker is headed in the same direction and running along with the bowler (on the bowler's right), on his/her normal path to the other end. They touch, but the bowler catches the ball anyway. Should the non-striker receive a warning or does he/she have some right for his/her path towards the safety of the other end or is this require something else? (The non-striker claimed that he couldn't be at fault, because he didn't see where the ball was.) And what if the bowler missed the catch, judged likely due to the faint touch or distraction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T21:55:44.420" Title="Who has the right of way in this case: a fielding bowler or a batsman in his/her regular path?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2962" CreationDate="2013-07-21T21:55:44.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither party has inherent right of way. The bowler is not obliged to change his/her path to avoid the batsman and the same is true for the batsman. In the situations you describe, the relevant Laws would be &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37.3 Obstructing a ball from being caught&lt;/a&gt;, which comes under the &lt;em&gt;obstructing the field&lt;/em&gt; mode of dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out should wilful obstruction or distraction by either batsman prevent a catch being made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the scenarios you outline, the contact, and any obstruction, is unintentional, and therefore there would be no penalty or dismissal (other than the catch, if it was made).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T21:55:44.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2961" CreationDate="2013-07-22T06:21:29.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the hand is touching the ball it considers as part of the the ball, meaning that hitting the hand while it is on the ball isn't considers as foul.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the source from NBA.com - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/features/misunderstoodrules_051128.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Explaining the NBA’s Most Misunderstood Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incidental Contact:&lt;/strong&gt; The mere fact that contact occurs does not mean a&#xA;  foul has been committed. Players are allowed to contact other players&#xA;  when reaching for a loose ball, or when performing normal offensive&#xA;  and defensive movements. The hand is considered “ part of the ball”&#xA;  when it is in contact with the ball and contact with a players hand&#xA;  when it is in contact with the ball is not a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-07-22T06:21:29.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2961" CreationDate="2013-07-22T13:02:07.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all depends in what context the contact happens, it's either judged as &lt;em&gt;incidental&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;illegal&lt;/em&gt; contact. &lt;em&gt;Incidental&lt;/em&gt; contact is judged if the ball carriers &quot;move&quot; is not effected by the contact. Here's the relevant bit from the NBA rulebook (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 12 Fouls and Penalties, Subsection B&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with&#xA;  the ball is not legal. This contact includes, but is not limited to,&#xA;  forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  EXCEPTIONS:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball who has&#xA;  his back to the basket below the free throw line extend-ed outside the&#xA;  Lower Defensive Box.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) A defender may apply contact with a forearm and/or one hand with a bent elbow to an offensive player in a post-up position with the ball in the Lower Defensive Box. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball at any time in the Lower Defensive Box. The forearm in the above&#xA;  exceptions is solely for the purpose of main-taining a defensive&#xA;  position.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) A defender may position his leg between the legs of an&#xA;  offensive player in a post-up position in the Lower Defensive Box for&#xA;  the purpose of main-taining defensive position. If his foot leaves the&#xA;  floor in an attempt to dis-lodge his opponent, it is a foul&#xA;  immediately.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Incidental contact with the hand against an&#xA;  offensive player shall be ignored if it does not affect the player's&#xA;  speed, quickness, balance and/or rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, no you cannot go and hit the ball carrier's hand to steal or block a shot, that would be a personal foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-07-22T13:02:07.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2966" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-22T23:28:34.663" Score="21" ViewCount="6515" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the 2013 Australia Vs England Test series (&quot;The Ashes&quot;), I have seen for the first time an interesting piece of technology which shows the rotation speed of the ball. This is used when spinners are bowling, to give viewers an idea how much each ball is spinning (so you can see if it was an arm ball, stock ball, big turner etc). This is called the 'rev counter'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know, preferably with a reference, what technology this is based on? I would presume some kind of microwave doppler radar, but it seems like a very tricky thing to implement. I don't think it is a high speed camera as the results are obtained almost instantly once the delivery is bowled (as per the speed camera results, which do use a microwave doppler radar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-07-23T04:20:15.117" LastActivityDate="2017-11-05T10:22:25.567" Title="Technology behind the 'rev counter' for spin bowlers?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2968" CreationDate="2013-07-23T06:15:10.797" Score="5" ViewCount="6847" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it permitted to place the fielders other than the standard fielding positions terms in international cricket match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more specific,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can a fielder be placed in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between the mid-on and long-on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;straight back to keeper on the circle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;straight back to the bowler on the circle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any other place which is not yet been given a place term(like fine leg, point..)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Refer the red circles in the below image&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wMBkt.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:07:14.107" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T19:19:41.887" Title="Is it possible to place a fielder other than standard fielding positions?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2967" CreationDate="2013-07-23T09:00:26.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, such placements are generally allowed. Neither the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC's Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; nor any of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC's Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; rule any such placements out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are a number of named basic fielding positions, some of which are employed very commonly and others that are used less often. However, fielding positions are not fixed, and fielders can be placed in positions that differ from the basic positions. Most of the positions are named roughly according to a system of polar coordinates - one word (leg, cover, mid-wicket) specifies the angle from the batsman, and is optionally preceded by an adjective describing the distance from the batsman (silly, short, deep or long). Words such as &quot;backward&quot;, &quot;forward&quot;, or &quot;square&quot; can further indicate the angle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielding_positions_in_cricket#Fielding_position_names_and_locations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cjqgF.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But keep in mind the fielding restrictions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fielders may be placed anywhere on the field, subject to the following rules. At the time the ball is bowled:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No fielder may be standing on or with any part of his body over the pitch (the central strip of the playing area between the wickets). If his body casts a shadow over the pitch the shadow must not move until after the batsman has played (or had the opportunity to play) at the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There may be no more than two fielders, other than the wicket-keeper, standing in the quadrant of the field behind square leg. See Bodyline for details on one reason this rule exists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In some one-day matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;During designated overs of an innings (see Powerplay (cricket)), there may be no more than two fielders standing outside an oval line marked on the field, being semicircles centred on the middle stump of each wicket of radius 30 yards, joined by straight lines parallel to the pitch. This is known as the fielding circle. In addition, during these overs there must be two fielders (other than the wicket-keeper) in designated &quot;close catching&quot; positions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the remainder of the innings there may be no more than four fielders standing outside the fielding circle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The restriction for one-day cricket is designed to prevent the fielding team from setting extremely defensive fields and concentrating solely on preventing the batting team from scoring runs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielding_positions_in_cricket#Restrictions_on_field_placement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-07-24T00:54:08.313" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T00:54:08.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-23T10:35:28.060" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to upgrade my ICS m4 but need a mosfet that is as small as possible since the room in my handguard is limited as is, and I don't want to reduce the size of my battery any further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which circuit should I choose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After some consulting with a fellow on our local &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.airsoftsverige.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;forum&lt;/a&gt;, I might try building my own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here's a link to the site I found some rather good instructions --&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://unconventional-airsoft.com/2009/08/26/how-to-make-a-basic-mosfet-switch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LINK&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1538" LastEditorUserId="1538" LastEditDate="2013-07-24T06:27:12.700" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T06:27:12.700" Title="What is the smallest available Mosfet with basic functions?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2972" CreationDate="2013-07-24T07:26:53.223" Score="1" ViewCount="5514" Body="&lt;p&gt;While calling for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1906/umpire-decision-review-system-in-cricket&quot;&gt;Umpire Decision Review system&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fielding team captain or the batsman being dismissed invokes the&#xA;  challenge by signalling a &quot;T&quot; with the arms.- &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_Decision_Review_System#System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What that signal &lt;code&gt;'T'&lt;/code&gt; refers to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it refer the third umpire/TV umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, where is it documented/stated by any cricket officials/players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T16:54:43.417" Title="Why players showing a T-signal for umpire decision review system?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|terminology|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2971" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2973" CreationDate="2013-07-24T09:51:43.787" Score="-6" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a cricketer in Zimbabwe named Sikander Raja.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone tell me the details about him and his proper identity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like full information about him. Where can I find it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1529" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-07-24T17:04:01.210" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T17:04:01.210" Title="Who is Sikander Raja?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-07-25T16:41:04.960" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2970" CreationDate="2013-07-24T10:20:38.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ICC Playing Comditions can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first document, &amp;quot;Standard Test Match Playing Conditions&amp;quot;, you'll find:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.2 The manner of requesting the Player Review&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) The request should be made by the player making a ‘T’ sign with both&#xA;forearms at head height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having seen a few such requests on television, I feel some players are not taking the &amp;quot;at head height&amp;quot; part too seriously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T16:54:43.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2971" CreationDate="2013-07-24T10:53:50.737" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;His name is Sikandar Raza, not Sikander Raja.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is a Pakistani-born Zimbabwean cricketer. He emigrated to Zimbabwe with his family in 2001 and got selected for the Zimbabwe cricket team in 2011 because of his brilliant performances in domestic matches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to know more information about him, check his &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandar_Raza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; and his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/299572.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPNcricinfo player's profile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-07-24T17:03:52.380" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T17:03:52.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-24T22:42:48.080" Score="4" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football is more global than ever and clubs are constantly out on the hunt for talent all over the world. Biggest clubs not only have the money to buy best players regardless of origin, many clubs have youth academies that reach out to talents pretty much all over the world. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now in the midst of Gareth Bale's potential (and according to some, imminent) transfer to a larger club (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2892/transfer-zone/2013/07/24/4139209/revealed-tottenham-fury-at-real-madrids-dirty-tricks-bale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid has stated interest in multiple occasions&lt;/a&gt;), I came to realise that few British stars play outside England. In comparison to South American and French, Dutch, German etc players that are all over the football scene, how come British players don't get headhunted nearly as often as players of other nationalities? Is it used to be like this in the past (70s-80s)?&lt;em&gt;emphasized text&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some mental exercise to try and recall British stars going to major clubs; and I can only recall Beckham (from Man Utd to Real Madrid), McManaman (from Liverpool to Real Madrid) and Woodgate (from Newcastle Utd to... well you know it, Real Madrid). &lt;em&gt;Am I missing some notable examples?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also argue that none of these players really excelled in Spain. Looking at the stats on Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_McManaman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve McManaman&lt;/a&gt;: 14 goals, 33 assists in 157 games (4 seasons in the club)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Woodgate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan Woodgate&lt;/a&gt;: 1 goal in 14 games (2 seasons in the club)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;David Beckham&lt;/a&gt;: 20 goals in 155 games (4 seasons) While it's not too shabby as a performance for a winger, compared to his goal/app average in United (0.234) his performance in Real is significantly inferior (0.112)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only answer I can imagine that makes sense is that Premier League has a very different culture to it and that British players either aren't versatile enough to do the job in another league, or that they do not want to adapt. But even that's a weak answer. So what reasons could be responsible for this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T09:27:55.540" Title="Is there a particular reason why brittish players rarely make it out to other major leagues in Europe?" Tags="|football|transaction|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-07-25T16:42:06.527" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2977" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-25T07:52:10.040" Score="-3" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know Yoav Bruck broke a few records during his time at the swimming pool. Can you tell me what they are? Does he still hold any that haven't been broken yet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1585" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T10:12:54.293" Title="What Records did Yoav Bruck break as a swimmer?" Tags="|olympics|swimming|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-07-25T16:41:48.853" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2977" CreationDate="2013-07-25T08:04:28.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are Yoav Bruck's records:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yoav Bruck was the first Israeli swimmer that made it to the finals&#xA;in the world championship and the Olympics.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bruck held the Israeli records in the prestigious &lt;strong&gt;100 meter freestyle&lt;/strong&gt; event and 50 meter&#xA;freestyle event for 19 years and the Israeli record in &lt;strong&gt;200 meter&#xA;freestyle&lt;/strong&gt; for 12 years.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yoav Bruck still holds the Israeli records in&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;100 meter&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;50 meter freestyle&lt;/strong&gt; in a 25 meter pool.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1587" LastEditorUserId="1406" LastEditDate="2013-07-25T10:12:54.293" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T10:12:54.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2013-07-25T14:24:12.337" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a thread in Tony's Nonleague Matters forum mentioning two more matches with &lt;strong&gt;6 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 Welsh Cup between Queens Park and Brymbo - from 2-2 to 3-7 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nonleaguematters.co.uk/forum/gforum.cgi?post=195774#195774&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_FA_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995 FA Cup&lt;/a&gt; tie between Walsall and Torquay - from 3-3 to 8-4 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nonleaguematters.co.uk/forum/gforum.cgi?post=199134#199134&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1406" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-04T12:15:59.313" LastActivityDate="2017-01-04T12:15:59.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2956" CreationDate="2013-07-25T15:47:29.417" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australian cricketer &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ponsford&quot;&gt;Bill Ponsford&lt;/a&gt; was considered &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ponsford#Baseball&quot;&gt;a good baseball player&lt;/a&gt; in his country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1591" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T15:47:29.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2580" CreationDate="2013-07-25T17:47:50.727" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is indeed forbidden for a bowler to bowl two overs in a row. Please note that it used to be possible, as explained by Gerald Brodribb in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5301500-next-man-in&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Next Man In&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Until 1889, it was not possible for a bowler to change his bowling end more than twice in an innings, and he was allowed to bowl two consecutive overs to change ends. (However, it was forbidden to change ends twice in consecutive overs and therefore bowl three overs in a row.) The end change restriction and the possibility to bowl two consecutive overs were abolished in 1889.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1591" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-07-25T19:47:29.713" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T19:47:29.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2677" CreationDate="2013-07-25T18:03:02.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;ESPNcricinfo has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/95065.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of the fastest deliveries in World cricket&lt;/a&gt; (please read the notes carefully), but it has not been updated for a long time. Of those deliveries. According to this list, Shoaib Akhtar broke the 100mph barrier in an ODI against New Zealand in 2002. Australia's Brett Lee &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/cricinfoat20/content/story/145858.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;failed just short&lt;/a&gt;, with a delivery clocked at 160.8 kmh in 2005.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1591" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T18:03:02.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-26T09:27:04.630" Score="1" ViewCount="6278" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hit a no ball and run 4 runs. Then the fielder will throw that ball and it will go for a six..total 11 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1593" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-07-26T15:05:17.220" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T17:22:27.853" Title="What is the maximum score one can score from one ball?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2013-07-28T11:50:02.213" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-27T14:20:06.033" Score="5" ViewCount="3038" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between a bolt action airsoft sniper and spring airsoft sniper. Which is easier to use and which is better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1596" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-07-27T14:54:50.410" LastActivityDate="2013-10-01T11:47:37.903" Title="What is the difference between a spring and bolt action airsoft sniper" Tags="|terminology|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2988" CreationDate="2013-07-28T02:05:47.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Theoretically it is possible to score as many runs as possible since none of the cricket laws are putting a limit on that. So the answer is infinity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, what you have mentioned is possible. But if a fielder throws the ball after picking from the ground it won't be a six, but a four. So it will be 9 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T17:22:27.853" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T17:22:27.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-29T11:57:27.573" Score="14" ViewCount="5838" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the oldest documented sport in the world's history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defining &quot;documented sport&quot; as a written list of the results of a competition, such as player rankings or time or points &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; a written set of rules for a competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2013-07-30T19:14:04.673" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T21:58:59.630" Title="What is the oldest documented sport?" Tags="|history|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2993" CreationDate="2013-07-29T12:42:03.210" Score="7" ViewCount="5498" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wrestling is one of the oldest olympic sport which was &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2264/what-was-the-motivation-behind-the-removal-of-wrestling-from-the-olympics&quot;&gt;removed&lt;/a&gt; from olympics since 1904.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need to know,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the oldest olympic sport that continued till now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T04:55:22.647" Title="What is the oldest and active olympic sport?" Tags="|history|olympics|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2992" CreationDate="2013-07-29T13:39:15.237" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only summer sports that have never been absent from the Olympic program are athletics, aquatics (the discipline of swimming has been in every Olympics), cycling, fencing, and gymnastics (the discipline of artistic gymnastics has been in every Olympics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only winter sports that were included in all Winter Olympic Games are skiing (only nordic skiing), skating (figure skating and speed skating) and ice hockey. Figure skating and ice hockey were also included in the Summer Olympics before the Winter Olympics were introduced in 1924.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sport#Changes_in_Olympic_sports&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards to those last two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ice hockey: since 1920&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Figure skating: in 1908 and since 1920, but not in 1912&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T13:48:42.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2995" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2996" CreationDate="2013-07-30T17:44:49.360" Score="11" ViewCount="5116" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_swimming#Rules_and_regulation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; and to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.federnuoto.it/pdf/n_reg_tec_2009-2012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONI&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of the water&#xA;  throughout the race, except it shall be permissible for the swimmer to&#xA;  be completely submerged during the turn and for a distance of not more&#xA;  than 15 meters after the start and each turn. By that point the head&#xA;  must have broken the surface&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I fail to see the point of this rule, it seems completely arbitrary to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While arbitrary rules are usual in heavily regulated sports, this strikes me as quite odd in a &quot;freestyle&quot; environment...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why does freestyle swimming restrict underwater swimming?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T05:08:21.690" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T06:01:10.240" Title="Why does freestyle swimming restrict underwater swimming?" Tags="|rules|swimming|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2995" CreationDate="2013-07-31T15:28:11.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you allow someone to complete their entire swim as a glide you do a few things that are not considered good for the sport&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You emphasize swimsuit technology over strength and speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Emphasizes lung capacity over strength and speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't use half the body&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimming is a total body sport about strength and speed. If you allow someone to go the whole way under water you change the competition into something that it's not intended to be. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-07-31T15:28:11.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2485" CreationDate="2013-07-31T15:54:30.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would not let anything touch your shoes. Neither chemicals nor water. It might not completely ruin the shoe (although it might) but it will always at least impair your grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what to do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing. Why would you want to do that anyway? Typically, you wear them while climbing. You will certainly not smell your feet while climbing. And at home you can just put them in a shoe locker or something similar. Maybe you might want to place them outside. Fresh air will slightly reduce the smell-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a while you will get used to it. And even with chemicals, you will not be able to remove the smell completely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I just found a chemical free solution that looks quite promising: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bootbananas.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bootbananas.com/&lt;/a&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1605" LastEditorUserId="1605" LastEditDate="2013-08-07T06:03:47.030" LastActivityDate="2013-08-07T06:03:47.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2999" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-31T22:43:48.280" Score="3" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the home team responsible for the setting of the boundary? Can they set the boundary in such a way that may benefit them? E.g., supposing they tend to hit the ball straight (or to cow corner), can they shorten the straight (cow corner) boundaries and lengthen the other boundaries? (And, if the boundary needs to be in a certain shape, can they shorten/lengthen it at will?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-07-31T23:27:40.133" Title="Is the home team allowed to set the boundary as they wish?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2999" CreationDate="2013-07-31T23:15:58.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is &lt;strong&gt;NO.&lt;/strong&gt; Home team is not supposed to set the boundary as they wish. Some rules are applied for boundary setting as well. Even though the home team is responsible for setting up the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per ICC Standard Playing Conditions, the minimum and maximum size of the playing surface. Law 19.1 of ICC Test Match Playing Conditions states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The playing area shall be a minimum of 150 yards (137.16 metres) from&#xA;  boundary to boundary square of the pitch, with the shorter of the two&#xA;  square boundaries being a minimum 65 yards (59.43 metres). The&#xA;  straight boundary at both ends of the pitch shall be a minimum of 70&#xA;  yards (64.00 metres). Distances shall be measured from the centre of&#xA;  the pitch to be used. In all cases the aim shall be to provide the&#xA;  largest playing area, subject to no boundary exceeding 90 yards (82.29&#xA;  meters) from the centre of the pitch to be used. &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They can set the boundary as long as they follow the above rule. But the above rule doesn't give the freedom to reduce the boundary a lot. It should be a minimum of 65 yards and max of 90 yards. So the chances of setting a boundary as mentioned in question is very less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="921" LastEditDate="2013-07-31T23:27:40.133" LastActivityDate="2013-07-31T23:27:40.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3002" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-01T05:15:17.953" Score="27" ViewCount="1615" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a recent visit to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.colorado.edu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;University of Colorado, Boulder&lt;/a&gt;, I saw some students playing a sport I've never seen before.  I'll do my best to describe it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a grass field, a rectangle is marked out with string, about 5m by 10m.  Inside the rectangle are six balls, about 20 cm in diameter, three red and three blue, placed at specific locations.  There are four players, who start out standing outside the rectangle: three at one of the short edges (marked X below) and one at a long edge (marked O).  Here is a very crude drawing.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bb5BJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the four players, there is a fifth person who seems to be a judge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The play of the game appears to go as follows.  The judge calls &quot;Go&quot;, and the X players try to run into the rectangle, pick up a ball, and return to their original position.  When one of them picks up a ball, the O player runs into the rectangle and tries to tag him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There seems to be some rules or strategy governing how they do this.  The X players can wait for a favorable moment to make their attempt.  Sometimes they chose a red ball and sometimes a blue ball; I couldn't tell what was the significance of this choice.  Also, sometimes an X player would get a ball and the O player would apparently decide not to try to chase him.  It also wasn't clear whether the X players were cooperating or competing with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw at least two simultaneous games going on, so I don't think it was just random fooling around.  The players seemed to know what they were doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is this game called?&lt;/strong&gt;  Does it have formal rules, and if so, where can I find them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="1607" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T16:37:54.420" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T16:37:54.420" Title="What is this three-against-one game with red and blue balls?" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3004" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3005" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of windsurfing." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T13:17:53.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3007" CreationDate="2013-08-01T21:29:21.260" Score="4" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never seen fielders in positions that would hardly be recognisable as the &quot;standard&quot; positions, and probably for good reason. (I mean a positioning where a casual observer might have difficulty identifying who is playing which position.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, are there known (modern) instances where teams/coaches (competing on the highest levels) chose for a &quot;radically&quot; different field placement on specific occasions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Examples &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be: 1) the third-baseman is placed in the outfield, or 2) the second-baseman is placed in the outfield, or 3) the right-fielder is placed between the third-baseman and the shortstop, or ...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-02T00:41:10.903" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T16:00:58.747" Title="Particularly unconventional fielding positioning in baseball/softball" Tags="|baseball|history|formations|softball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3006" CreationDate="2013-08-01T22:36:38.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ron Roenicke, manager of the Milwaukee Brewers, has brought in an outfielder to be a fifth infielder on numerous &quot;sudden-death&quot; occasions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the game is tied, the Brewers are the road team, and the home team has a man on 3B with one out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the runner at third is the only runner, then Ron Roenicke typically walks the next batter (and will walk another if that first walked batter steals second) to set up the double play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then he brings in one of the outfielders to fill a gap in the infield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that this happened most recently in a game in Pittsburgh on June 30, 2013 – and it worked!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pedro Alvarez came to the plate with the bases loaded and one out in&#xA;  the 13th. The Brewers (32-48) shifted an outfielder in for a fifth&#xA;  infielder and Alvarez hit into a 3-6-3 double play to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Jenn Menendez / Pittsburgh Post-Gazette&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roenicke has employed this strategy at least once in each of his first three years managing the Brewers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try searching for &lt;strong&gt;&quot;fifth infielder&quot; brewers&lt;/strong&gt; to find other instances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2013-08-13T12:49:16.927" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T12:49:16.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2393" CreationDate="2013-08-02T09:09:44.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been skiing competitively since I was about ten, and I am in the same position as you. What seems to be the problem is often one of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A bigger person has the upper hand in speed, since the weight grants higher top speed, but becomes a problem when going around tight courses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Skis that are too long might prove very hard to control in tight turns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lacking in explosive strength will hamper your preformance on these &quot;turn intense&quot; courses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Attack stance, don't hang back, this will make your turns unpredictable and slippery.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are only my observations and this is what I found out to be the deciding factors. What I have done to improve my own preformance is to up my explosive power and keep my stance as far forward as possible, but I'm still at a disadvantage against lighter more nimble opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;//Marcus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1538" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T09:09:44.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2456" CreationDate="2013-08-02T09:17:17.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're set on doing off-piste skiing and are prepared to invest a little into it, I strongly suggest getting a pair of &quot;Big-mountain&quot; skis. These are of the wider variant with bigger turning circle and are stiffer than &quot;normal&quot; skis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Rafael said, the equipment is only used to enhance the different factors, your skill is the most important factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ps. if your set on going down natural slopes, get a good helmet, a shovel and some kind of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.recco.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Recco&lt;/a&gt; transmitter, for your own saftey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1538" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T09:17:17.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2989" CreationDate="2013-08-02T10:42:03.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bolt action only describes the act of rechambering a new round, and in the case of airsoft, either cocking the spring or readying the gas release machanism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spring sniper rifle describes what the power source is for the weapon in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.G:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bolt action spring sniper rifle: A weapon powered by a spring, requiring recocking after each round fired through cycle of the bolt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bolt action co2 rifle: Powered by co2, cycling the bolt loads a new bb and sets the mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the topic of &amp;quot;which is better&amp;quot;, I can only present the pros and cons of the systems I described. The spring system is incredibly reliable and consistent, but the bolt can be pretty heavy if a very stiff spring is used. The co2 system gets rid of the need for heavy force used to cock a spring, so higher velocities can be achived without having to strain yourself. But the downsides are less consistent preformance and lower reliability, since leaks is a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this cleared things up, if you have more questions on airsoft in general, don't be afraid to PM me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;//Marcus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T10:59:21.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2393" CreationDate="2013-08-02T16:09:22.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Marcus Wigert's post, I would also suggest looking at two other very important factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First one being equipment. I am skiing since I was 4 years old and used to have rental skis until I turned about 18 and stopped growing (simply because I did not want to buy new skis every single year...). &#xA;I already did a lot of slalom before and always had a feeling that I could not move &quot;aggressive&quot; enough. Now my new skis are race skis. Besides being new and not used, the edges of those skis are really hard and sharp. You hardly slide but rather cut through the snow. It renders the entire movement more aggressive, allowing you to make quicker turns - which basically enables you to go faster as the only thing that slows you down is slowing down while turning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other factor is your attitude. Expressing it colloquially: just don't give f*ck. Luckily, while racing, there is no one else in front of you to care for. I had a hard time just &quot;letting go&quot; - but when I did and just tried to get down the hill, ignoring the fact that I might fall, it kind of changed everything. Simply stop slowing down. &#xA;(Please ignore this advice if you do not feel confident enough about your own skiing skill set. In case you judge your abilities to be &quot;not good enough&quot; yet, DO NOT IGNORE YOUR FEAR, you might seriously injure you.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is just my personal experience, but I believe that an aggressive style automatically makes you faster. Just don't forget to &quot;switch&quot; back to normal behaviour while on the slope with others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1605" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T16:09:22.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2991" CreationDate="2013-08-02T16:44:42.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ultimately sport is a trivialization of real-life skills, most likely related to hunting -- running fast, wrestling, archery, etc. So what is the oldest sport? Probably just basic survival. The grand champion of prehistoric men was whoever could most successfully feed himself and his family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of &lt;strong&gt;organized&lt;/strong&gt; sport, one answer might be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pankration&lt;/a&gt;. Wikipedia states pankration was practiced as early as the second millennium BCE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The existence of age groups and judges and its inclusion in the ancient Olympic Games imply to some degree that pankration had some organization to it similar to what we would expect today from mixed martial arts (pankration's closest modern descendant).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There may be older organized sports, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T16:44:42.383" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1762" CreationDate="2013-08-02T22:40:43.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is true that FIVB passed the rule described above at the recent Congress held in Anaheim.  However, after great discussion and debate around the world, FIVB has temporarily suspended the implementation of this rule pending further testing.  The following note has been included in the FIVB rulebook &quot;*The application of this rule has been postponed following the Board of Administration decision of April 5, 2013.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USAV has decided to follow suit and will also suspend implementation of the rule, meaning that there will be no significant change to the reception of service rule for the coming season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1614" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T22:40:43.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2013-08-03T11:28:06.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A domestique's number one aim is to help their team leader win, so you can just count the number of wins a rider has been on the same team as. Cycle Sport magazine used to publish a list every year - I think it was usually one of Mark Cavendish's team mates at the top of the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Check the image posted with Martin's comment. It shows that in 2010 the &quot;award&quot; went to Bert Grabsch of HTC-Columbia. In fact 8 of the top 10 were HTC-Columbia riders - the team that Cavendish and Andre Greipel rode for that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="974" LastEditorUserId="974" LastEditDate="2013-10-27T06:13:30.883" LastActivityDate="2013-10-27T06:13:30.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3015" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-04T18:40:53.287" Score="9" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a one-hitter MLB game in which the hit is an inside-the-park home run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1617" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T00:13:50.857" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T00:13:50.857" Title="Has there ever been an MLB game where the only hit was an inside-the-park home run?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3020" CreationDate="2013-08-07T02:53:29.937" Score="8" ViewCount="7257" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rugby union there is often a lot of kicking. To be onside and able to chase the ball, a player must be behind the kicker (or be the kicker himself) when the ball is kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can other players be put back onside after a kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1622" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:02:17.310" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T22:30:09.420" Title="In Rugby Union, how can players be put back onside after a kick" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1767" CreationDate="2013-08-07T03:05:50.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To extend on the previous answer, a professional foul (i.e. intentionally breaking the rules) should always generate a penalty. So deliberatly knocking on the ball is a professional foul. Yellow cards can also be given for intentionally pulling down a maul, infiringements at the breakdown and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Bogdanovist mentioned in his answer, a yellow card will be given if the penalty prevented a try. If it was a certain try (no doubt in the referee's mind that it would have been a try) then a penalty try can also be awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1622" LastActivityDate="2013-08-07T03:05:50.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3044" CreationDate="2013-08-07T03:32:39.980" Score="17" ViewCount="11797" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today in a match the setter set the ball too low for me to spike it, so I just dinked it over.  The bottom of the ball was lower than the top of the net at the point where I made contact.  When the defender made contact, again, the bottom of the ball was lower than the top of the net (the top of the ball was over the top of the net though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I felt that this wasn't technically a block and that he shouldn't have been allowed to hit it a second time, but I wasn't sure so I just let it go.  Was this a legal block or should it have been our point when he hit it a second time in a row?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think I was clear about the part where, after I hit the ball, the ball travelled over the net onto the other team's side of the court.  The other player did not reach over the net so there is no issue there.  It's just an issue of whether or not their first contact was a block or a hit.  I believe it was not a block but I can't find a specific ruling to address it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1623" LastEditorUserId="1623" LastEditDate="2013-08-09T02:52:52.020" LastActivityDate="2016-05-03T23:05:12.400" Title="What constitutes a legal block in volleyball in regard to it not counting as the first hit?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3016" CreationDate="2013-08-07T13:33:25.043" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 11 cover all the aspect about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offside and moving forward. When a team-mate of an offside player has&#xA;kicked ahead, the offside player must not move towards opponents who&#xA;are waiting to play the ball, or move towards the place where the ball&#xA;lands, until the player has been put onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;law 11.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.2 Being put onside by the action of a team-mate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general play, there are three ways by which an offside player can be put onside by&#xA;actions of that player or of team mates:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Action by the player.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When the offside player runs behind the team-mate who last kicked,&#xA;touched or carried the ball, the player is put onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Action by the ball carrier.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When a team-mate carrying the ball&#xA;runs in front of the offside player, that player is put onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Action by the kicker or other onside player.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When the kicker, or team-mate who was level with or behind the kicker when (or after) the ball was kicked, runs in front of the offside player, the player is put onside. When running forward, the team-mate may be in touch or touch-in-goal, but that team-mate must return to the playing area to put the player onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and law 11.3 covers the onside but from the opponent team view&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.3 Being put onside by opponents&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In general play, there are three ways by which an offside player can be put onside by an action of the&#xA;opposing team. These three ways do not apply to a player who is&#xA;offside under the 10-Metre Law.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(a) Runs 5 metres with ball.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When&#xA;an opponent carrying the ball runs 5 metres, the offside player is put&#xA;onside.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(b) Kicks or passes.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When an opponent kicks or passes the&#xA;ball, the offside player is put onside.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(c) Intentionally touches&#xA;ball.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When an opponent intentionally touches the ball but does not&#xA;catch it, the offside player is put onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to clear it a little, if you are not behind the kicker, you have to wait for the kicker to run past yourself, or wait for the other team to catch the ball and play with it (in the case of a far kick, this is usually what happens)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20140409072729/http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?law=11&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IRB Laws&lt;/a&gt; (via the Wayback Machine). As of January 2019, the current offside law is &lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=10&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10&lt;/a&gt; which contains essentially the same content but different wording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T22:30:09.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3018" CreationDate="2013-08-07T13:35:45.450" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As your &quot;dink&quot; :) was your team's third hit, the opponent can then reach over the net to make a block. Reason being, once the third hit is made it's a free-ball, and the opponent is then granted ability to reach over and make contact. Of course, contact with the net is still illegal, but as far as I can tell by your description - the opponent's play was legal. Side-out if you were serving, point to them (assuming rally scoring).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following rules apply according to the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11   PLAYER AT THE NET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;11.1.1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play &lt;strong&gt;before or during&lt;/strong&gt; the latter's attack hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;11.1.2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond the net, provided that the contact has been made within his/her own playing space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules2013-EN_20121214.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB, rule 11, page 29&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-08-08T14:24:20.760" LastActivityDate="2013-08-08T14:24:20.760" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3006" CreationDate="2013-08-07T15:28:19.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the defensive ploys that manager Joe Maddon of the Tampa Bay Rays has employed is to shift the field heavily to right field when left-handed hitters (such as Boston Red Sox's David Ortiz) come to bat. He was one of the first coaches to use to this against Ortiz and now almost every MLB employs a similar defensive shift. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://thecutoffman.mlblogs.com/2012/05/02/joe-maddon-spray-charts-and-defensive-shifts-part-i/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also last year Toronto Blue Jays third-baseman Brett Lawrie boasted an extremely high fielding percentage based on the fact that he was shifted between the shortshop and second basemen when left-handed hitters came to bat. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://thecutoffman.mlblogs.com/2012/07/02/defensive-shifts-part-iii-the-blue-jays-use-of-brett-lawrie/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1519" LastActivityDate="2013-08-07T15:28:19.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2764" CreationDate="2013-08-08T14:33:34.000" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt; video does an excellent job covering all aspects of overhand throws. From disc types, grips, usage and proper technique. Give it a look. I feel something like this is more easily explained with a good video tutorial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Video breakdown:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=48&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;0:48&lt;/a&gt; to 1:44, when to use overhand throws, and intended use.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=105&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1:45&lt;/a&gt; to 2:00, best disc types for this throw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=126&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2:06&lt;/a&gt; to 4:05, pro #1 gives his tips on this throw. Pay good attention around 3:16 as I feel that was his greatest tip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=105&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4:50&lt;/a&gt;, Tomahawk grip. (&lt;em&gt;I prefer the tomahawk over other overhand techniques, just my opinion. It's most intuitive and I feel I am very consistent with it&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=105&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5:30&lt;/a&gt;, tomahawk throw technique.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ZQbxrr1v8&amp;amp;feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;t=105&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;~7:30&lt;/a&gt;, good explanations on arm height/angle, and the impact that has on the throw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.discraft.com/team_ellis.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mark Ellis'&lt;/a&gt; YouTube series is if not &lt;em&gt;the best&lt;/em&gt;, one of the best out there for all players, from beginner to expert. He's not got his own channel from the looks of it, but does numerous videos on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/user/sportdisc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Discraft's YouTube channel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-08-08T19:13:39.657" LastActivityDate="2013-08-08T19:13:39.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-09T11:17:55.633" Score="10" ViewCount="5711" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen lots of matches in which the D/L method was used to decide victory, but I never found out how it actually works. I know there are two keys in this method: overs and wickets in hand. Can anyone please explain it? And why does it not apply in test matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1631" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T10:48:39.543" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T14:26:22.660" Title="How is the Duckworth-Lewis Method applied?" Tags="|cricket|icc|interruption|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-09T12:25:51.063" Score="7" ViewCount="19713" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1932 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, India defeated the USA with a score of 24-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this match the highest scoring match ever at international level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1631" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T15:22:04.930" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T15:22:04.930" Title="Highest score in an international field hockey match" Tags="|history|statistics|trivia|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3024" CreationDate="2013-08-09T15:47:39.390" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Duckworth-Lewis method is explained &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;on the ICC website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6ddb1aaf6-Duckworth_Lewis%20Method.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duckworth-Lewis Method description and guide to usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6e9d18118-The%20D_L%20method_answers%20to%20frequently%20asked%20questions.doc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duckworth-Lewis method FAQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite much confusion amongst the media, the players, and the public, the actual principle is relatively simple. &lt;strong&gt;When an interruption causes one team to have less resources available than the other team, the target is proportionally adjusted in the ratio of the resources available to each team.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, if an interruption reduces the resources of the side batting second (Team 2) by 50% in comparison to Team 1's resources, the target would be reduced by 50%. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you correctly mentioned, resources are composed of both wickets and overs. The D/L method does not add or subtract wickets or overs; it simply calculates what the target should be, given those resources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the principle is simple, it raises plenty of questions for discussion. I would strongly recommend reading the FAQ linked above, as they clarify many common queries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Test Matches do not use the Duckworth-Lewis method because the number of overs per innings is not defined in a Test Match. Furthermore, a draw is a perfectly acceptable result in a Test Match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T15:47:39.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3028" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-08-09T17:39:38.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Duckworth-Lewis (D/L) method&lt;/a&gt; is a way of mathematically determining the winner of a limited overs match when one or both sides innings are shortened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T17:02:23.017" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T17:02:23.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3029" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-08-09T17:39:38.520" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Duckworth-Lewis (D/L) method, a way of mathematically determining the winner of a limited overs match when one or both sides innings are shortened." OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T17:02:50.723" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T17:02:50.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3032" CreationDate="2013-08-09T18:10:36.217" Score="10" ViewCount="1094" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every season near the trade deadline, we see teams that are out of it trading expensive players and/or free agents-to-be, typically for younger players or prospects.  For example, Matt Garza, set to become a free agent after the season, was traded to the Rangers for a few prospects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It made sense for the Cubs to trade Garza, because he wasn't under contract any further than this season, and thus doesn't have much value to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare Garza to someone like Mike Trout, who is likely the most valuable property in baseball, given his skill and inexpensive cost over the next several years.  There's no way the Angels would trade him, because he'll be the cost-controlled centerpiece of the team for years to come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with the Angels out of it this year, what if they wanted to trade Trout to a contender (say the Pirates), &lt;em&gt;but only for the remainder of this season&lt;/em&gt;?  That is, they'd get several top prospects now, and would have an agreement with the Pirates that they'd trade him back in the offseason (for something pretty worthless, say for a journeyman minor leaguer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Pirates get Trout for the stretch run and are happy to give up a few prospects.  Trout doesn't have much value to the Angels this year, but he has a ton of value for next year.  So they get a few prospects for him, in exchange for the part of his career which has very little value to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in effect, the Pirates are renting or borrowing him for the remainder of 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why don't trades like this happen?  Are there any rules prohibiting trades like this?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-09T19:38:22.937" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T19:47:15.243" Title="Are there any rules in baseball which prohibit teams from &quot;borrowing&quot; players via trade?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2013-08-09T18:41:59.563" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few that come to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighborhood_play&quot;&gt;&quot;neighborhood play&quot;&lt;/a&gt; at second base, where the fielder doesn't actually touch second base during a double play attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Batters going to first base if a pitch that they made no effort to get out of the way of hits them.  According to the rules, a batter must attempt to get out of the way of a pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An outfielder using the wall itself as support when trying to catch a would-be home run.  This doesn't happen often but it's against the rules to boost yourself up using the wall.  I have never seen this called as a home run when the fielder catches the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Of course, the strike zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also add another version to your example - I often hear that it's a check swing if the batter didn't &quot;break&quot; (i.e. turnover) his wrists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-08-12T16:55:41.923" LastActivityDate="2013-08-12T16:55:41.923" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3030" CreationDate="2013-08-10T02:05:04.817" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is banned explicitly in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bizofbaseball.com/docs/MajorLeagueRules-2008.pdf&quot;&gt;2008 rules&lt;/a&gt; (only ones I could find, and may have been replaced since the new CBA was issued, but I'm going to go out on a limb that this particular section's language has not changed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) PLAYER LOANS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Prohibited at Major League Level. All right or claim of a Major League &#xA;  Club to a player, unless it is under an optional agreement approved by the &#xA;  Commissioner, shall cease upon outright assignment to another organization. No &#xA;  arrangement between Clubs for the loan or return of a player shall be binding &#xA;  between the parties to it or recognized by other Clubs. This Rule 11(i) does not &#xA;  authorize the selection of such players, or other players, from an owned or &#xA;  affiliated Club under Rule 5. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Permitted at Minor League Level. With the prior approval of the &#xA;  Commissioner, Clubs may arrange for the loan and return, prior to September 30 &#xA;  of the same year, for players under Minor League contracts during the &#xA;  championship season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if Mike Trout were to be &lt;em&gt;loaned&lt;/em&gt; to the Pirates for the remainder of the season with the implicit or explicit agreement that he would be returned following the season, MLB rules specify that this agreement is null and void as soon as the transfer is made. This frees the Pirates of any obligation to return him and they would not do it (I believe the &quot;optional agreement&quot; terminology refers to Players to be named later, but I'm not 100% sure).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if a deal like this did happen (with honor rather than enforceable agreements binding the teams), I believe that both MLB and the MLBPA would oppose it. There are innumerable competitive balance, honest and business reasons not to perform moves like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2014-10-29T19:47:15.243" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T19:47:15.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3033" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-10T06:10:14.050" Score="9" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a committee that monitors the decisions made by umpires, other than the match referee, and will their findings affect the umpire's reputation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1631" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-08-16T13:38:14.460" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T00:42:51.883" Title="Monitoring Umpires Decisions" Tags="|cricket|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3033" CreationDate="2013-08-10T07:46:13.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In international matches the ICC log and monitor the decisions made by umpires. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/mcc/content/story/654885.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Simon Taufel&lt;/a&gt; (a recently retired umpire from the Elite Panel):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ICC has taken the performance assessment of umpires very seriously as our rankings and continued contractual offerings depend on it. Every appeal is logged by the ICC Match Referee, every appeal is reviewed in the office and is assessed into three categories - correct, incorrect or inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An umpire who is performing unacceptably poorly is therefore unlikely to remain on the Elite Panel, assuming there are better umpires waiting to be appointed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-08-10T07:46:13.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3071" CreationDate="2013-08-12T07:49:00.673" Score="7" ViewCount="1392" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player accidentally hits the ball forward into the air, it isn't a knock on until the ball hits the ground, but is that player considered the ball carrier?  Can that player be legally tackled, forcing a knock-on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a pass is made and a defender is able to bat the ball forward into the air.   Can the intended recipient of the pass tackle the play who just batted the ball?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that they can be tackled legally, but I haven't been able to find the supporting laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1639" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T12:35:01.727" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T12:35:01.727" Title="Can a rugby player who has hit the ball forward be tackled before the ball hits the ground?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3037" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-12T16:47:07.210" Score="2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional football (soccer) matches, players often exaggerate contact or flop to draw fouls.  What actions (suspensions, fines) are soccer organizations, including FIFA or UEFA, doing to prevent this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="20997" LastEditDate="2021-03-15T07:04:18.180" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T07:04:18.180" Title="Are there suspensions or fines for exaggerating contact or flopping to draw fouls in football (soccer)?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|uefa|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-08-12T16:54:49.853" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3038" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-12T20:30:26.590" Score="8" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;I pole vaulted in high school and I originally learned to keep a long trail leg throughout the swing and into inversion; however, I've seen many vaulters have quite a bit of success by instead pulling their leg in, holding to load the pole, then extending into inversion. I personally still like a long trail leg because I feel it promotes a good follow through into complete and straight inversion. I don't really see anything wrong with the &quot;Scrunch-and-punch&quot; version though, so I thought I'd get some opinions. Ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1642" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T13:25:55.590" Title="Long legged swing verses &quot;Scrunch and Punch&quot; method in the vault" Tags="|technique|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3025" CreationDate="2013-08-12T21:09:17.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061006103442AAvGyur&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; somebody states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In um Field Hockey it was 1994 when New Zealand pounded tiny &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;American Samoa&lt;/a&gt; 36-1 in an Olympic qualifier. The Samaon goal came when a NZ defender put it in his own net, thus an own goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I couldn't verify that.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while looking for verification I did find this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kookaburras [Australia] slaughter Samoa 26-0 in World Cup qualifier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/kookaburras-slaughter-samoa-26-0-in-world-cup-qualifier/story-e6freon6-1225766022899&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/aust-hockey-teams-flog-samoa/story-e6frf7jo-1225766067065&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Samoa, the &lt;em&gt;nation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topofthecircle.com/OPoffensivesportsmanship.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Argentina men 30, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Argentina women 25, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chile men 25, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;United States men 23, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Argentina U-21 women 21, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chile women 20, Dominican Republic 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Papua New Guinea (men and women) were beaten with monster scores by New Zealand and Australia, including&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;New Zealand  39 – 0   Papua New Guinea&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Oceania_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And Brazil, Bermuda and Peru have each lost to Argentina with 20 or more goals. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Women%27s_Pan_American_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Men%27s_Pan_American_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Men%27s_Pan_American_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For other contenders, you might want to check each of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:International_field_hockey_competitions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-08-12T22:13:52.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2358" CreationDate="2013-08-12T22:26:23.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Red ball under yellow floodlight takes on a brownish color which is very similar to the color of the pitch. That's why white ball especially used in day night Cricket matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1644" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-08-13T04:57:11.443" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T04:57:11.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3043" CreationDate="2013-08-13T08:32:42.957" Score="4" ViewCount="64909" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62814.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jim Laker&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63829.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Anil Kumble&lt;/a&gt; are the only 2 players who have taken 10 wickets in an innings in Test matches. Is there any other bowler who has taken 10 wickets in an innings in any kind of international format, including one-day internationals, Twenty20 internationals or any other international cricket organised by the ICC?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1631" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2015-03-10T12:57:48.343" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T12:57:48.343" Title="10 wickets in an innings in international matches" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|icc|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3042" CreationDate="2013-08-13T09:02:50.163" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any bowler who take 10 wicket haul in any kind of international format either Test, ODI or T20?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At present, only two players you have mentioned have taken &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;10 wickets in an innings in any type of international matches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best bowling figure in ODI is: 8.0-3-19-8 by Chaminda Vaas of Sri Lanka vs Zimbabwe as Colombo (SSC)    on 8 Dec 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a look at: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283203.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Best figures in an innings in Test matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283204.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Best figures in an innings in ODI matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283973.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Best figures in an innings in T20I matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/336917.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Best figures in an innings in Under-19s Youth Test matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/336918.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Best figures in an innings in Under-19s Youth ODI matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-08-13T12:57:42.713" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T12:57:42.713" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3018" CreationDate="2013-08-13T10:26:54.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are carefully describing the position of the ball in the moment of your attack hit and in the moment of the defensive contact. However, it is not important. The decisive criterion in this case is not the point of contact with the ball, but the position of the blocker’s body. If any part of the blocker’s body (usually but not necessarily hands) is higher than the top of the net, it is considered a block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules2013-EN_V08_20130516.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule 14.1.1 &lt;em&gt;Blocking&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponent &lt;strong&gt;by reaching higher than the top of the net, regardless of the height of the ball contact&lt;/strong&gt;. Only front-row players are permitted to complete a block, but &lt;strong&gt;at the moment of the contact with the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also a similar case (3.46) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_VB_Casebook_2013_v4.pdf&quot;&gt;FIVB Casebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After an attack the ball touched the head of a blocker, who reached with his hands over the net. The contact with the ball was lower than the top of the net. After this hit, the team played three more times and at the third hit, the referee whistled and called “four hits”.&#xA;  Has this decision been correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ruling&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The decision was not correct. Even if the contact of the blocker with the ball was lower than the top of the net, the action was a block because a part of his body was higher than the top of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rules 9.1, 14.1.1, 14.4.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T10:26:54.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1785" CreationDate="2013-08-13T11:24:59.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried to give you answers one by one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If a player played for under19 international matches,will they be added in his odi career?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any official source where it is mentioned that Under-19 Cricket's stats count or not towards his international career. But from any player's career statistics we can easily find that Under-19 Cricket's stats &lt;strong&gt;do not&lt;/strong&gt; count in international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: Have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/32540.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cheteshwar Pujara's Career page.&lt;/a&gt; He was the captain of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_ICC_Under-19_Cricket_World_Cup#Future_international_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Under-19 world cup team for 2006&lt;/a&gt;. But looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/G8Dh9.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;I have linked an image because stats will be chagend in future.&quot;&gt;his career statistics&lt;/a&gt; after his debut in ODI &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-v-india-2013/engine/match/643675.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;vs Zimbabwe&lt;/a&gt; it is clear that Under-19 Cricket's stats don't count in international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/446499.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unmukt Chand&lt;/a&gt;. He was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_ICC_Under-19_Cricket_World_Cup_squads#Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the captain&lt;/a&gt; of the winning team of Under-19 WC 2012. Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WtIeu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;I have linked an image because stats will be chagend in future.&quot;&gt;his career page&lt;/a&gt; before his ODI debut there is no record for his ODI career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If a player played any domestic matches like IPL,CLT20,will they be added in his Twenty20 career?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; Have a look at Jaydev Unadkat's career page. See his Twenty20 career debut match. It is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/419139.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KKR v KXIP at Kolkata, Apr 4, 2010&lt;/a&gt;. So it is clearly stats that IPL as well as CLT20 will be added in player's Twenty20 career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the difference between Twenty20 career and T20i career?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Twenty20&lt;/a&gt; includes all 20-20 matches while &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;T20I&lt;/a&gt; includes only international T20 matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are first-class,List-A matches?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First-class&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First-class cricket is a class of the game of cricket comprising matches of &lt;strong&gt;three or more days'&lt;/strong&gt; scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each, officially adjudged to be first-class by virtue of the standard of the competing teams. Matches must allow for the teams to play &lt;strong&gt;two innings each&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So all matches scheduled for more than two days' and allowing four innings (two innings each) are considered as First-class cricket matches. This also include Test matches (i.e. international) as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_A_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;List A cricket is a classification of the &lt;strong&gt;limited-overs (one-day)&lt;/strong&gt; form of the sport of cricket. Much as domestic first-class cricket is the level below international Test match cricket, so List A cricket is the domestic level of one-day cricket below One Day International.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;List A matches means limited overs cricket match (and not Twenty20) played in one day. This includes ODI as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;when these matches were played?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really can't understand this question. Such matches (First-class and List A) are constantly played in domestic and international level. For e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ranji Trophy&lt;/a&gt; is a First-class matches trophy. Which is played every year since 1934. Or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_Hazare_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vijay Hazare Trophy&lt;/a&gt; is a domestic matches trophy which is also played every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T05:05:05.703" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T05:05:05.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-08-13T13:41:42.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about all the answers.  I still think the runner on first must touch second due to the original force.  The difference is that he/she must now be tagged.  The original force forces the runner to touch second base regardless.  I imagine this is why in MLB we don't see runners stay on first base in this situation.  This rule needs to be made more clear.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1645" LastActivityDate="2013-08-13T13:41:42.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3048" CreationDate="2013-08-14T07:47:20.740" Score="11" ViewCount="41690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see some of the spin bowlers bowl googly and some bowl doosra in international cricket matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the basic difference between googly and doosra spin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How they differ from each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1647" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:08:57.970" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:08:57.970" Title="What is the difference between googly and doosra spin?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|technique|spin|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3047" CreationDate="2013-08-14T08:15:14.360" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;A 'doosra' is a delivery that an off-spinner bowls with an off spin action that spins from right to left. (This is different to a normal off spin delivery that spins left to right.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 'googly' is a delivery that a leg spinner bowls with a leg spin action that spins from left to right. A 'googly' is also referred to as a 'wrong'un'. (This is different to a normal leg spin delivery that spins right to left.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saqlain Mushtaq was the inventor of the 'doosra' and he bowled it quite well. Currently, Muttiah Muralidaran, Harbhajan Singh and Ajantha Mendis bowl it very well. The master of the Doosra is definitely Muttiah Muralidaran.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shane Warne and Anil Kumble are one of best 'wrong-un' bowler ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1442" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T08:15:14.360" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3049" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3051" CreationDate="2013-08-15T12:59:03.883" Score="10" ViewCount="7193" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are “unclean hits” judged in tennis? I mean situations like a ball slipping on a racket, or unintentionally hitting the racket twice (e.g. when the player does not hold the racket firmly enough).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the official rules, I have found rule 24 (f), stating the point is lost if “The player &lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt; carries or catches the ball in play on the racket or &lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt; touches it with the racket more than once” (emphasis mine). Does this mean unintentional double touches or prolonged contact are fine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, my friends debated whether hits by the rim are allowed or not. As I have found no mention about that in the rules, I suppose hits by any part of the racket (not only the strings) are allowed. Is that correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2013-08-15T19:34:59.760" Title="Unclean hits in tennis" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-15T13:28:39.477" Score="8" ViewCount="1293" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the annual meetings of baseball every winter there is a short reorganization of baseball teams. It's called the Rule 5 draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During this draft a certain group of players from each team are protected and a certain group of players can be selected by the rest of the teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that specifically players that have been recently drafted, and players on the 40 man roster are not eligible to be taken in the Rule 5 draft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm unclear on is when a player becomes eligible for the draft, and how he might be protected in addition to lack of service time and being added to the 40 man roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the eligibility criteria to be selected in the rule 5 drift and what ways are there to protect a player outside of the 40 man roster?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:54:05.813" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T22:21:34.457" Title="When does a player become eligible for the Rule 5 Draft?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3049" CreationDate="2013-08-15T17:31:57.633" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the official rules, it's often (like you emphasized) the &lt;em&gt;intent&lt;/em&gt; behind the action that is judged, rather than the action itself - in terms of carrying the ball or a double-hit. Tennis rules follow a sort of &quot;good faith&quot; motto - that a carry or double-hit won't count against you as long as you didn't do it &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that, if &lt;strong&gt;you feel&lt;/strong&gt; you gained an unfair advantage from one of these actions, you can always (and should) concede the point to your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hits by the frame are definitely allowed - so you are correct. In fact, the ball can hit any part of the racquet, including the throat or the handle as long as it hits only the racquet and not your hand or any part of your body. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/ITF%20-%20RoT%202010.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule 24i&lt;/a&gt; where it says &quot;except the racquet&quot;. Notice the wording there doesn't say &quot;the strings of the racquet&quot; - that wording is on purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-08-15T19:34:59.760" LastActivityDate="2013-08-15T19:34:59.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3050" CreationDate="2013-08-16T12:58:17.053" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB's description of Rule 5 Draft is &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/minorleagues/rule_5.jsp?mc=faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;available here&lt;/a&gt;, wax.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In general, the information specifically about the Rule 5 draft is extremely vague/generic, unfortunately.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-08-16T13:06:38.617" LastActivityDate="2013-08-16T13:06:38.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3057" CreationDate="2013-08-16T15:00:26.707" Score="7" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be great disagreement about whether Starlin Castro made an error in the 5th inning of the Cubs-Athletics game on July 2, 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The AP recap of the game reads:  &quot;The Cubs collapsed on defense in the bottom half behind Carlos Villanueva, who &lt;strong&gt;allowed two unearned runs&lt;/strong&gt; in 3 1-3 innings of relief. Running back and to his right on Adam Rosales' short fly, shortstop Castro collided with Soriano in left field and the ball dropped. Coco Crisp followed with a tying, two-run single.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yahoo's &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/boxscore?gid=330702111&amp;amp;page=boxscore&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt; shows that Castro made an error and that the two runs were unearned.  However their season stats for Villanueva count the runs as earned (and an extra hit).  Their &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/boxscore?gid=330702111&amp;amp;page=plays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;play-by-play&lt;/a&gt; says that Castro made the error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ESPN's &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/boxscore?gameId=330702111&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt; shows no error and two earned runs.  Their &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/playbyplay?gameId=330702111&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;play-by-play&lt;/a&gt; says it was a double, not an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB.com's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/gameday/index.jsp?gid=2013_07_02_chnmlb_oakmlb_1&amp;amp;mode=box&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt;, amazingly, shows that the Cubs had an error (at the top, in the &quot;9-inning view&quot; with Runs/Hits/Errors), but in the details below makes no mention of an error.  It shows 2 earned runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been a huge baseball fan for 25+ years and have never seen anything like this.  What's official?  What really happened?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T14:54:09.123" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T14:54:09.123" Title="Error or Earned Run?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2881" CreationDate="2013-08-16T15:02:13.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing too unique about this - Pitcher A didn't pitch 5 innings so he can't get the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastActivityDate="2013-08-16T15:02:13.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3055" CreationDate="2013-08-16T15:36:28.180" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the looks of it, this was initially recorded as an error by the official scorer, but was reviewed and changed to a hit at a later date. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/OAK/OAK201307020.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt; has it recorded as a hit. This would be in my opinion the second most authoritative source after MLB's official records.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets see if we can find some corroborating evidence to this theory. (changes like this can be made mid-game or after the game by the scorer, or be protested by either team later). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fox Sports has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://msn.foxsports.com/fantasy/baseball/commissioner/League/StatCorrections.aspx?league=15272&amp;amp;week=14&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoring correction tracker&lt;/a&gt; that supports this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Jul 10 12:00a   C. Villanueva (ChC - SP, RP)  Jul 2 10:05p  Hits Allowed changed from 2 to 3&#xA;Jul 10 12:00a   C. Villanueva(ChC - SP, RP)   Jul 2 10:05p  Doubles Allowed changed from 0 to 1&#xA;Jul 10 12:00a   C. Villanueva(ChC - SP, RP)   Jul 2 10:05p  Earned Runs Allowed Changed from 0 to 2&#xA;Jul 10 12:00a   E. Sogard(Oak - 3B, 2B)       Jul 2 10:05p  Hits changed from 0 to 1&#xA;Jul 10 12:00a   E. Sogard(Oak - 3B, 2B)       Jul 2 10:05p  Doubles changed from 0 to 1&#xA;Jul 10 12:00a   S. Castro(ChC - SS)           Jul 2 10:05p  Errors changed from 1 to 0&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks clear to me that there was a scoring change after the fact and that not all sources you've looked at update to reflect changes in official scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-08-16T15:36:28.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3058" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3063" CreationDate="2013-08-16T18:01:36.693" Score="14" ViewCount="24973" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often times during the transfer window, the term &quot;release clause&quot; is thrown around. What does this mean? &#xA;For example, say a player has a &lt;strong&gt;40 million euro release clause&lt;/strong&gt;, and a &lt;strong&gt;team bids 40,000,001&lt;/strong&gt; for him. What have they accomplished by doing so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would the release clause impact if the team &lt;strong&gt;instead bid 39,999,999&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T19:48:10.363" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T19:48:10.363" Title="In European Football, what exactly is a release clause?" Tags="|football|terminology|transaction|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3060" CreationDate="2013-08-16T18:32:28.663" Score="5" ViewCount="2242" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unassisted double plays are uncommon, but they happen. First or third baseman catches a low line drive and tags the runner who led off and/or took off thinking there was no way you'd make that catch. Second baseman catches a one-hopper between first and second near the baseline, tags the base runner leaving first and beats the batter. Shortstop does the same with the second and first-base runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An unassisted triple play, however, seems impossible without a &lt;em&gt;huge&lt;/em&gt; blunder on the part of multiple runners or the umpire, especially with the IFR. The only way I can think of that it would realistically happen without a major runner blunder is for the shortstop, positioned close to the baseline and near second, to catch a screaming one-hopper, tag the runner leaving second, tag second base forcing out the first-base runner, and then it's a footrace to first and the batter has a head start. The batter would have to be trotting to first for some reason (injured, older slugger).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other scenario I can think of is similar, but involves a pop fly and a sleeping umpire. Batter pops the ball high and right to second base, umpire doesn't signal IFR but batter's sure he's out. Shortstop or 2B muffs the catch, picks the ball up, tags the second-base runner, tags second base, and races the batter to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia's possible scenario has the second baseman or shortstop standing between the second-base runner and second base itself, and the second-base runner would take pains to prevent that, because if the catcher saw that he'd signal the pitcher for an easy 2B pickoff. It also requires the first-base runner to not see the catch before committing to take second base. Either way, Wikipedia's scenario requires multiple baserunner mistakes on top of a perfectly-placed hit and baseman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other scenarios likely enough to be plausible in MLB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T01:03:17.700" Title="How can an unassisted triple play be accomplished in the majors?" Tags="|mlb|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3059" CreationDate="2013-08-16T18:44:00.147" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest to imagine scenario is actually not uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runners on first and second no one out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit and run is called for by the offense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sharp liner to the second baseman on the bag he is moving to cover&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second baseman catches the ball, steps on the bag and tags the runner coming into the bag&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question now is A. has this happened, and B. what was the scenario if it did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;look&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;15 times since 1909 that's quite a few. All but one of them are almost exactly the scenario I describe. Second baseman or shortstop catches a liner, steps on the bag and tags the runner (or tags the runner and steps on the bag). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only oddball in the bunch is a first baseman who caught a liner, stepped on first and then beat the runner coming back to second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to add to this. &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090823&amp;amp;content_id=6585864&amp;amp;vkey=news_mlb&amp;amp;fext=.jsp&amp;amp;c_id=mlb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; contains a video of the two most recent triple plays. In each of them there is a hit and run called (the baserunners leave as soon as the ball is thrown) a liner is hit directly to the second baseman. he then steps on second base and tags out the runner coming from first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-08-16T19:06:34.593" LastActivityDate="2013-08-16T19:06:34.593" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3061" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-16T19:41:19.070" Score="9" ViewCount="4970" Body="&lt;p&gt;When New York Giants drafted Justin Pugh this year, the ESPN announcers said they picture him as a guard because his arms are short. Football announcers rarely give technical details and tend to over-simplify things as they speak. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What do teams look for to determine whether someone is best as a&#xA;tackle, guard, or center?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How hard is it for a quality offensive lineman to switch between&#xA;these?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any difference between a left side player and a right side&#xA;player other than that one tends to protect the quarterbacks blind&#xA;side so you probably want your best tackle on that side?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-22T15:11:33.957" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T06:18:33.783" Title="Understanding the roles of different types of offensive lineman in American football" Tags="|american-football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-16T21:27:15.460" Score="7" ViewCount="1709" Body="&lt;p&gt;When coaches tell me to keep the eyes on the receiver's hips, I find that impossible. I can't see his hips because they're covered by the pads, or by the jersey, or by a long shirt in practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How the heck am I supposed to watch his hips? I end up watching how he is generally going to turn, which doesn't fail - but the hips advice has never worked for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-08-16T21:43:11.320" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T17:24:53.337" Title="How is a DB supposed to keep an eye on the receiver's &quot;hips&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3058" CreationDate="2013-08-17T09:55:28.030" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The release clause (RC) fee is the minimum amount of money that a club &lt;strong&gt;has to&lt;/strong&gt; accept for a particular player. So to answer your question, if Player A has a RC fee of €40M, bidding €39,9M could be rejected if the club doesn't want to sell the player, but they cannot reject €40M, and thus have to give permission for the bidding team to offer a contract to the player in question. A recent example of this is transfer of German talent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/23/mario-gotze-signs-bayern-dortmund&quot;&gt;Mario Götze from B. Dortmund to Bayern FC for €37M&lt;/a&gt;. The really interesting bit of it all was the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/23/mario-gotze-jurgen-klopp-questions-timing?CMP=twt_gu&quot;&gt;timing of announcement of this transfer&lt;/a&gt; as well as the clash between these two rival teams in the Champions League final 2013 on which the Götze did not play due to a hamstring injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main motivation behind having release fee for a player is to give the player some flexibility in case the player is interested in joining another club but the his club is not willing to sell. Having a release clause fee avoids some sort of modern &quot;slavery&quot; and gives players a way out of a unfavourable situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From another point of view, it's also a way for the clubs to show roughly how much they value a player. So imagine Lionel Messi and Barcelona; the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/jul/19/the-rumour-mill-psg-lionel-messi&quot;&gt;release fee is around £215M&lt;/a&gt;. That's of course an absurd amount of money for a single player, but what that essentially means is that Barcelona FC values Lionel Messi A LOT, he's practically invaluable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously minimum release fee has some benefits for the player, and to an extent to the club to protect their rights with investment on a player. However more often than not, a club would not be willing to have a minimum release clause on a contract, since not every player is as loyal as Messi, i.e. a player might get frustrated if a club had the minimum release fee to an absurd amount. Some leagues, e.g. La Liga, mandate for all player contracts to have a minimum release fee clause. In other leagues it happens to varying degree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-08-18T11:10:53.620" LastActivityDate="2013-08-18T11:10:53.620" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3135" CreationDate="2013-08-17T10:00:48.647" Score="7" ViewCount="663" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge Italy is the only country that permits transactions where a club can purchase &quot;half&quot; of a player's contract from another club. I find this very peculiar and unpractical.&#xA;First off, how do you figure out for which club the player plays? Second, why would you want to buy/sell &quot;half&quot; of a player? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only way I can make sense of it, is if a bigger club wants to have the option of buying a promising player in the future, so they buy 50% of the contract in advance (presumably for a lower sum) to possibly buy the other half later on and make some money as such. But then again why would a smaller club want to accept a much lower fee and a complicated contract for a promising player? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T07:38:23.480" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T07:38:23.480" Title="Whats the motivation behind &quot;co-ownership&quot; deals in Serie A?" Tags="|football|transaction|serie-a|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3065" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-17T11:21:31.790" Score="6" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in terms of accuracy of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk-Eye&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye technology&lt;/a&gt; when it comes to cricket and tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tennis authorities throughout the world (except for the French Open and some clay court tournaments) have accepted the Hawk-Eye technology, completely trusting its results and awarding decisions on its basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in cricket, in the form of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_Decision_Review_System&quot;&gt;the Decision Review System (DRS)&lt;/a&gt;, there has been and is a lot of controversy surrounding Hawk-Eye. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India&quot;&gt;The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)&lt;/a&gt; is completely against it and many others are skeptical about it.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the difference in Hawk-Eye technology and philosophy when it comes to tennis and cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:45:17.910" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:45:17.910" Title="How does Hawk-Eye differ in tennis &amp; cricket in terms of technology &amp; philosophy?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|tennis|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3047" CreationDate="2013-08-17T16:39:20.017" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dusra delivery comes faster without spin where as googly spins a bit after meeting the pitch with a flighted delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1655" LastActivityDate="2013-08-17T16:39:20.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3072" CreationDate="2013-08-18T14:01:13.433" Score="9" ViewCount="4896" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the recent IAAF World Championships in Athletics, Hong Kong and the P.R. of China had &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/14th-iaaf-world-championships-4873/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/heats/summary#resultheader&quot;&gt;separate teams in the 4x100m relay&lt;/a&gt;. I understand why the PRC and Chinese Taipei compete separately, as they are &lt;em&gt;de facto&lt;/em&gt; separate countries, but why does Hong Kong have its own team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T20:15:17.200" Title="Why do Hong Kong and China compete separately in Athletics?" Tags="|track-and-field|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3070" CreationDate="2013-08-18T19:43:44.000" Score="3" ViewCount="901" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked into this before and my own findings were that it isn't allowed unless both captains have agreed &lt;em&gt;before the game&lt;/em&gt; that underarm bowling is allowed. (I don't like this option, because it feels like serious deception.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is quite important to me, as I &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; pitch in fastpitch softball, but I &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; bowl overarm in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'm looking for a loophole to use my softball pitch in cricket. Are there any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-08-18T20:44:30.247" Title="Is a softball-like pitch allowed in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3068" CreationDate="2013-08-18T20:44:15.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Underarm bowling has been outlawed by the ICC (International Cricket Council) after Australia beat NZ in 1981 by bowling the last ball of the match underarm (Wikipedia has a pretty good summary of it: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_bowling_incident_of_1981&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_bowling_incident_of_1981&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some levels of the game the two teams might be able to agree to allow it (I've seen this at children's games where bowlers are not able to bowl accurately yet and/or batters are not able to hit the ball at speed yet), however it would be unusual in older levels of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1622" LastActivityDate="2013-08-18T20:44:15.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3068" CreationDate="2013-08-18T20:44:30.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 24 (No ball)&lt;/a&gt; prohibits underarm bowling except by special arrangement, as your findings indicate. If the captains were to agree to underarm bowling, I don't see how it could be considered deceptive, since it has been specifically highlighted and therefore is unlikely to cause any surprise, especially since you would have to inform the umpire and batsman when you are going to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would not be a sustainable long-term strategy as I would not think captains likely to agree to underarm bowling (it was used in an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K65_spUU05s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;infamous incident in a 1981 one-day match between Australia and New Zealand&lt;/a&gt;). Coincidentally, I was playing cricket yesterday and one (new) player did end up bowling underarm; it was a social match and we did not object, but in future it will be necessary for him to learn to bowl overarm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, without knowing the intricacies of fastpitch softball, I would be doubtful that underarm bowling in cricket would do anything other than provide an easy hit to the batsman. The renowned England captain Mike Brearley would occasionally bowl underarm, but he was primarily a batsman, not a bowler; his was an attempt to try something new to unsettle the batsman. It didn't work: as far as I know, he never took a wicket with such an action!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-08-18T20:44:30.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3035" CreationDate="2013-08-18T21:14:10.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically if the player intentionally knocks the ball forwards then it is already a penalty. In fact this penalty is better than the knock on as you get a penalty kick instead of a scrum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12(e)Intentional knock or throw forward.  A player must not&#xA;  intentionally knock the ball forward with hand or arm, nor throw&#xA;  forward.&#xA;  Sanction: Penalty kick. A penalty try must be awarded if the offence&#xA;  prevents a try that would probably otherwise have been scored&#xA;   (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?law=12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?law=12&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you intercept a pass, you must try to catch the ball, you cannot just bat at the ball (up or down).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From games I've watched the interpretation of it being hit instead of an accidental knock on comes down to how far the ball travels. If you &quot;juggle&quot; the ball from one hand to the other then that is considered ok. If the ball moves out of your reach then your not going to be able to catch it unless you bat the ball up in the air giving you time to chase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're &quot;juggling&quot; the ball from one hand to the other then you are considered in posession of the ball and can be tackled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1622" LastEditorUserId="1622" LastEditDate="2013-09-12T01:04:56.877" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T01:04:56.877" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3067" CreationDate="2013-08-19T06:36:50.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason is that Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China (Similar to  Macau).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hong Kong was a a British colony until 1997 and then moved back to China according to political agreement under &quot;one country, two systems&quot; principle.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As a result Hong Kong has its own flag, currency, judgement system, immigration and many more attributes of independent country system. Only the military system and the diplomats relationships are managed under the Chinese authorities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hong Kong also has Sports Federation and Olympic Committee which is the national Olympic committee (NOC) of Hong Kong. As such it is a separate member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and compete separately on the olympics and the IAAF World Championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about it &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Federation_and_Olympic_Committee_of_Hong_Kong,_China&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2013-08-19T06:36:50.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3065" CreationDate="2013-08-19T17:05:39.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, Hawk-Eye is used to locate the impact of the ball on the flat ground relative to the field markings.  The analog of that in cricket is locating the point where the ball pitched relative to the lines of the stumps.  Those decisions are almost always uncontroversial, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699203813_266.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Test Match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; specify that on this matter &quot;evidence provided by technology should be regarded as definitive&quot;.  (Notice that there is no &quot;Umpire's Call&quot; verdict on the point of pitching.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The controversial aspects of Hawk-Eye in cricket are locating the point of impact and determining whether the ball would have hit the stumps.  Those are much more difficult problems, both conceptually and technologically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2013-08-19T17:05:39.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2753" CreationDate="2013-08-20T09:51:00.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not much of a watch guy myself, but after a quick search I found a site that offers many different watch styles. Then I figured that there are many many &quot;rough&quot; watches out there (G-Shock, Rolex, Victorinox, essentially all army &amp;amp; diving watches). So the difficult part is to find something &quot;heat resistant&quot;. The watch material thus should be ceramic. After searching a little more I eventually found this one:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tourneau.com/shop/featured/ceramics/steel-and-ceramic-big-bang-automatic-53879p&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tourneau.com/shop/featured/ceramics/steel-and-ceramic-big-bang-automatic-53879p&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Looks kind of indestructible to me. The other one I really like (stylewise as well) is:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tourneau.com/shop/featured/ceramics#pdpSeoKey!shop_featured_ceramics_aviation-military-ceramic-635p&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tourneau.com/shop/featured/ceramics#pdpSeoKey!shop_featured_ceramics_aviation-military-ceramic-635p&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Its disadvantage though is, that it has a rubber band. Personally I find that rubber wrist bands can become quite uncomfortable after a while, also they wear out much quicker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are both really expensive, but as you did not specify a budget I just ignored that factor...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And another thing: I do not know what you mean by &quot;climbing rocks&quot; but if you are doing sports climbing on an upper level you should not wear a watch as the wrist band will lift your hand further away from the rock while holding slopers, thus having less friction on the hold...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1605" LastActivityDate="2013-08-20T09:51:00.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3769" CreationDate="2013-08-20T13:50:50.247" Score="8" ViewCount="607" Body="&lt;p&gt;I consider myself very much a Street and Old School skateboarder but I would like to learn how to better myself in parks and on vertical ramps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I'm starting to take part in tournaments, what skills do I need to work on (for example balance and pumping to gain speed)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of all, I want to know the ways in which I can improve my slides/grinds, stalls and airs in parks and verts. Also I would like to know when would be the best time to Pump on the ramps and pipes to gain the most speed? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clear up any confusion, by vert I mean pipes like quarter and half pipes that have a ramp to vertical and over vert refers to ramps that bend backwards to almost make you go upside down. ramps such as full pipes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="1478" LastEditDate="2014-02-12T16:53:13.490" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T03:10:54.837" Title="How can I improve my vert and park skateboarding skills?" Tags="|technique|training|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3078" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3270" CreationDate="2013-08-20T23:11:31.820" Score="3" ViewCount="11485" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've bought my share of badminton rackets over the past few decades. The last ones were all quite head-light. Nowadays, I'm favouring head-heavy rackets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there ways to turn my head-light racket collection into even-balanced or head-heavy rackets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-08-20T23:34:29.497" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T16:13:11.970" Title="Turning Head-Light Badminton Rackets into Head-Heavy" Tags="|racket|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3200" CreationDate="2013-08-20T23:31:01.963" Score="2" ViewCount="486" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/badminton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IOC&lt;/a&gt; choos an even higher quality shuttlecock, that may only be used during international events like the World Championship and the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-24T00:07:44.973" LastActivityDate="2019-12-24T00:07:44.973" Title="Different Quality of Shuttlecock for World Championship/Olympics" Tags="|equipment|tournaments|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3081" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-21T10:17:26.533" Score="8" ViewCount="2501" Body="&lt;p&gt;Player A inbounds the ball but Player B knocks the ball back at him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A is still out-of-bounds when the batted ball hits him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it Team A's ball because Player A never became a &quot;live&quot; player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it Team B's ball because the ball hit him as he was standing out-of-bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1664" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-08-21T15:48:02.880" LastActivityDate="2013-11-29T10:53:40.293" Title="Basketball throw-in - deflected inbound pass" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3084" CreationDate="2013-08-21T15:48:57.253" Score="4" ViewCount="3405" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since most leagues use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.draftstreet.com/fantasy/football/how-does-a-snake-draft-fantasy-football-league-work/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;snake style&quot;&lt;/a&gt; draft, there are positives and negatives to picking first, or last. First pick gets the &lt;strong&gt;First overall&lt;/strong&gt; pick in the draft, but then has to wait until the &lt;strong&gt;last pick&lt;/strong&gt; of the 2nd round. Then once again they get first pick in the 3rd round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, last pick in the first round gets to pick first in the 2nd round - therefore they get two successive picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It generally seems that most people consider the first pick the best for your chances of winning obviously, I just wanted to see if stats backed that up entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is there any historical fantasy data to help prove which pick position tends to win the most?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-08-21T15:56:09.157" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T16:57:23.800" Title="In Fantasy Sports, is it proven that first pick tends to win the league most often?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|fantasy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3083" CreationDate="2013-08-21T16:57:23.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://fantasyfootballcompanion.com/draft-position.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; indicates (through an analysis of 100 leagues across several sites), that there is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a strong correlation between picking first or last and winning your league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GgH03.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This chart shows that most often the winner was in the 7th position. However I would not take the results as conclusive one way or the other. But I would say that there is not a strong correlation between draft position and overall results in a fantasy league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T16:57:23.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3081" CreationDate="2013-08-22T10:37:05.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_8.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(NBA) Rule 8-Section II-c&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is caused to go out-of-bounds by the last player to touch it before it goes out, provided it is out-of-bounds because of touching &lt;em&gt;something other than a player&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;If the ball is out-of-bounds because of touching a player who is on or outside a boundary, such player caused it to go out.&lt;/strong&gt; [My emphasis.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The similar rule in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2012/OfficialBasketballRules2012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(FIBA) Official Basketball Rules 2012&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;23.2.2 If the ball is out-of-bounds because of touching or being touched by a player who is on or outside the boundary line, this player causes the ball to go out-of-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So, the ball is now Team B's.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-10-30T10:23:31.583" LastActivityDate="2013-10-30T10:23:31.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3088" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-22T15:00:58.670" Score="5" ViewCount="2976" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like a 3-4 outside linebacker is more of a standup DE with some additional duties that include playing in space. This position appears to be more of a 'point of attack' style position. A 4-3 linebacker seems to play more off the line and is more of a 'play in space' kind of player that is more likely to pick up TE, backs for coverage and have more outside contain responsibility. I rarely see 4-3 linebackers get many sacks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is it common for a team that uses a 3-4 to have one of their outside linebackers be more of a blitzing linebacker and the other be a play in space person?&lt;/strong&gt; Then the inside linebacker to the side of the blitzer, shift out wide. So in a base defense a 3-4 would be very similiar to a 4-3, but with 1 DE standing up. This is how I think the cowboys used Demarcus Ware. So now that he is switching to a DE in a 4-3, its very similiar to his previous position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-22T15:01:21.093" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T11:23:21.230" Title="3-4 outside linebacker vs. a 4-3 outside linebacker" Tags="|american-football|nfl|formations|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-22T15:17:22.847" Score="8" ViewCount="3569" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently asked a question about a 3-4 outside linebacker vs. a 4-3 outside linebacker so this is related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a 3-4 end more of a hybrid tackle/END? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think teams that use a 3-4 try to get their outside pressure mainly from the outside linebackers. So if you only have 1 large tackle, you have a size issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also wondering if teams will take the End on the side of a really good blitzing linebacker and have this guy be someone who can play a 4-3 tackle and then maybe on the other side have that end be more of a traditional 4-3 defensive end. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-22T16:46:34.297" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T18:36:03.910" Title="4-3 defensive end vs. a 3-4 defensive end" Tags="|american-football|nfl|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3090" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-22T15:24:33.180" Score="2" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might get flagged as an opinion question, but I hope not. I think its interesting. Offensive numbers started to rise in the early 1980s. According to wikipedia, the 1978 season had a series of rule changes to increase scoring. I think there have been alot of rule changes over the last 30+ years to improve offense. I do not think most of them were done to help player safety. Are their rules changes that the NFL could make to balance the game more that would not make the game less safe? I don't think the NFL wants to because offense generally brings more ratings. I was thinking of a few. I hope this question is ok. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;offensive pass interference includes loss of down. The penalties for defensive pass interference are so much worse. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defenders can now touch players up to 10 yards down field instead of 5 (this dates to the 1978 rule changes) possibly unless that defender is inside the opponents 20 yard line. (not alot of space when you are near the goal line). This might be really complex to enforce... &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think pass interference rules have changed many times over the years. I am wondering if you can make things in a little (should be phased in ) more lenient on defenders. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any other ideas? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T15:24:33.180" Title="NFL rule changes to balance defense more, but do not reduce player safety" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-08-22T16:03:28.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2357" CreationDate="2013-08-22T15:28:41.027" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They threaten to cut you. Alot of the money they want to cut is not guaranteed. Most contracts include 'no double dipping rules'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say a player is due $5m, but only $2m is guaranteed. The team wants to pay him $3m. If he is cut, he gets $2m. So if he signs a $2.5m contract with another team, the $2m the old team owed him will not get paid on top of this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like teams tend to 'backload' contracts, so players get a big signing bonus. They then sign a 7 year deal. This spreads the signing bonus hit against the cap over 7 years. The closer a player is to the end of the contract, the easier it is to cut them, because if a player is cut, the remainder of the signing bonus that has not hit the salary cap moves to the next year. So there is no security. So players want very large numbers at the end of the contract (which are not guaranteed) and often come with 'roster bonuses' (money paid if you are still on the roster by a certain date. This forces the team to make a decision earlier rather than later about what they want to do with the player. If a player is going to be cut, its best to be cut early so that the other teams still have salary cap space left. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-22T17:00:46.490" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T17:00:46.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-08-22T15:29:49.987" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think players who get cut and may be out of the league get rings if they were on the 53 man roster for atleast 1 week. I am not 100% sure if this is required. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T15:29:49.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3096" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3099" CreationDate="2013-08-23T08:58:08.400" Score="0" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Occasionally, the fielding side requests (sometimes repeatedly) of the umpires that the ball they are using be changed. This is not the request for a new ball regularly available under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws 5.3 and 5.4&lt;/a&gt;, but a claim that the ball has become unfit for play under Law 5.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my mind though, a mishapen ball would be more likely to assist the fielding side: I would have hypothesised that an uneven ball is likely to bounce and swing unpredictably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, why are fielding sides often so keen to have the ball changed for another ball of comparable wear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-08-24T10:38:16.453" LastActivityDate="2013-08-24T10:38:16.453" Title="What reasons might prompt a fielding side to request the ball be exchanged for one of comparable wear?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2013-08-23T10:17:52.870" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the question is about sharing the player of the match award between two players from same team, here is the example for that in an international match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sunil Gavaskar and Chetan Sharma shared the &quot;Man of the match&quot; award in World Cup 87.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65114.html&quot;&gt;Scorecard of the match.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1669" LastEditorUserId="1647" LastEditDate="2014-01-13T15:40:42.613" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T15:40:42.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3096" CreationDate="2013-08-23T10:33:40.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The movement created by swing bowling is dependent on the air flow across the smoother and rougher areas on the surface of a cricket ball (point 12 here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cross/cricket.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Physics of cricket&lt;/a&gt;). If the ball isn't symmetrical in shape then keeping a &quot;rough&quot; side pointing in a particular direction and therefore swinging the ball at all may be difficult to control/impossible to actually do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of shape balls may also have lost some hardness and have a less pronounced seam, so the fielding side my be hoping to find a better alternative from the selection of used balls. Or they might be clutching at straws and desperately trying to do anything to get a wicket (would be interesting to know how often fielding sides try to get the ball changed when they are on top in an innings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1668" LastActivityDate="2013-08-23T10:33:40.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2587" CreationDate="2013-08-23T11:36:57.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not aware of any specific rule but &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabor_Kiraly#Style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gábor Király&lt;/a&gt; is famous for playing in tracksuit bottoms. It appears that he is wearing them in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PauFkWSbfnE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;international match&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-86589574/stock-photo-budapest-hungary-october-hungarian-national-football-team-pose-for-a-team-photo-at-hungary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hungary vs Finland&lt;/a&gt; in a European Championship qualifier. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it must be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1668" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-08-23T12:18:50.323" LastActivityDate="2013-08-23T12:18:50.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3123" CreationDate="2013-08-23T14:03:26.590" Score="16" ViewCount="16639" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the most red cards a referee has ever issued in one game of European football? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Europe Only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Top flight&quot; leagues (e.g. Premier League, Serie A, La Liga BBVA, Eredivisie, German Bundesliga, Turkish League, etc)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Official games only, although anything involving an exhibition game is worth mention just because I'm a curious person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T12:24:55.743" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T20:07:23.940" Title="What is the most red cards issued by the referee in one game of soccer/football?" Tags="|football|trivia|officiating|uefa|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2013-08-23T15:18:06.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has occurred in the match between Australia and South Africa. On 12 March 2006, Played at &lt;strong&gt;New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HH Gibbs (South Africa) and RT Ponting (Australia) were name the players of the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referred from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238200.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1354" LastActivityDate="2013-08-23T15:18:06.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3061" CreationDate="2013-08-23T15:29:33.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tackles, and in particular left tackles, tend to be the elite positions on the offensive line. The position requires linemen to generally have the best size (height, arm reach) and athletic ability (agility, technique) in order to deal with one on one pass rushers. Left tackle in particular is crucial as this lineman protects the blindside of a right-handed QB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Guards tend to be smaller than tackles, though at the pro level this is largely because these players simply did not have the measurables to project as a tackle. Unlike tackles, guards will be more likely to work in double-team assignments, such as with the center against a nose tackle. Guards are also asked to 'pull' in running and rollout plays which requires the linemen to turn and move quickly down the line of scrimmage in order to deliver a crucial block to create or seal a running lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Centers tend to be as small as guards, though they're best thought of as specialists. Where as tackles have a physical skillset that distinguishes them from guards, centers have a tactical responsibility that makes them unique. They call out blocking assignments at the line of scrimmage and are responsible for the snap. It's a unique skillset that makes it hard to simply slot any lineman at the position. Centers usually take longer to develop and adjust to the pro game as they adapt to the many confusing defensive looks and blitzes used at the higher level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, left tackles are generally the highest earning lineman. They're considered franchise players as even an elite QB cannot pass effectively without an above average tackle holding down elite pass rushers. Centers can make more than guards, but the pay difference in recent years has really just come down to the player's fit with the team. A center for an elite passing team is likely to make as much as a guard for a strong inside running team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="792" LastActivityDate="2013-08-23T15:29:33.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2587" CreationDate="2013-08-23T15:55:41.763" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already stated, Law 4 of the &quot;Laws of the Game&quot; states that shorts are compulsory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, FIFA's supplemental document &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Equipment Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&quot; elaborates on Law 4 stating:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.1 ... the basic compulsory Equipment of a Player &#xA;  comprises the following separate Equipment items:&#xA;  ...&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;b) shorts (for goalkeeper, shorts or tracksuit trousers);&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to this, there are a myriad different rules and guidelines for shorts, relating to numbering, manufacturer's logo and team badge but nothing specifying the length of the shorts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To that end:  &lt;strong&gt;Shorts below the knee &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; permitted&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I doubt we'll be seeing them any time soon because, from personal experience, the extra fabric inhibits the movement of the knee joint.  This makes longer shorts impractical, which is likely why FIFA doesn't need to mention them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-08-25T10:17:57.060" LastActivityDate="2013-08-25T10:17:57.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3108" CreationDate="2013-08-24T13:43:04.363" Score="-5" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the name of the device?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xXw5B.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1672" LastEditorUserId="1672" LastEditDate="2013-08-25T15:08:14.060" LastActivityDate="2013-08-25T15:08:14.060" Title="What is the name of this device for back massage?" Tags="|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2013-08-25T13:26:35.900" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3106" CreationDate="2013-08-24T20:26:45.087" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This thing seems to be an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bodycodesystem.com/arco-largo/?lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Arco Largo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. I don't know if it has a generic name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-08-24T20:26:45.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3109" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3111" CreationDate="2013-08-24T20:46:39.603" Score="1" ViewCount="2614" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know if this is actually possible based on 3 outs in an inning, but is it possible to be on base when it is your turn to bat? If so what happens to your at-bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario would be lead-off batter gets on can the order return to his turn at bat before he scores?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Single, then on 3rd base when he is up to bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this make sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-25T04:05:40.237" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T19:46:53.357" Title="Can a runner be on base in baseball when it is his turn to bat?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2013-08-24T21:53:32.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sweeper is pretty much obsolete in top leagues, youth and above, because it's easy to exploit. If the opposing team plays a sweeper, then I would tell my center forward too push up to the sweeper. It stretches the game and allows the opposing team to push more players forward. It invites constant pressure from a team that can possess the ball. In lower levels, it works great, especially if playing against a kick and run team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2013-08-24T21:53:32.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3109" CreationDate="2013-08-24T22:13:55.637" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok did some more googling and came across section 6.07 of the MLB rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&lt;/a&gt;).&#xA;It allows for 1 player to bat out of order as long as no appeal is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example #6 covers this scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;PLAY (6). Daniel walks and Abel comes to bat. Daniel was an improper&#xA;  batter, and if an appeal is made before the first pitch to Abel, Abel&#xA;  is out, Daniel is removed from base, and Baker is the proper batter.&#xA;  There is no appeal, and a pitch is made to Abel. Daniels walk is now&#xA;  legalized, and Edward thereby becomes the proper batter. Edward can&#xA;  replace Abel at any time before Abel is put out or becomes a runner.&#xA;  He does not do so. Abel flies out, and Baker comes to bat. Abel was an&#xA;  improper batter, and if an appeal is made before the first pitch to&#xA;  Baker, Edward is out, and the proper batter is Frank. There is no&#xA;  appeal, and a pitch is made to Baker. Abels out is now legalized, and&#xA;  the proper batter is Baker. Baker walks. Charles is the proper batter.&#xA;  Charles flies out. Now Daniel is the proper batter, but he is on&#xA;  second base. Who is the proper batter? RULING: The proper batter is&#xA;  Edward. When the proper batter is on base, he is passed over, and the&#xA;  following batter becomes the proper batter.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-25T04:06:31.253" LastActivityDate="2013-08-25T04:06:31.253" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3112" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-25T06:19:50.760" Score="2" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know the procedure for applying to be a DDCA umpire and also to be a BCCI umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1676" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-08-25T17:29:44.807" LastActivityDate="2013-08-25T17:29:44.807" Title="How does one become a DDCA umpire?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-08-27T20:05:42.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3122" CreationDate="2013-08-26T04:04:34.147" Score="18" ViewCount="43939" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been reading few baseball related comics and, in all the comics what I have observed is that,the catchers always signal what the pitcher has to throw. It is as if the catchers are the brain behind the variations in the pitches thrown at the batter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it always the case or can a pitcher simply throw without asking for signals from the catcher ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="192" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:25:52.617" LastActivityDate="2021-10-28T14:11:29.107" Title="Why does the catcher decide what sort pitch the pitcher has to throw?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3125" CreationDate="2013-08-26T07:01:37.377" Score="10" ViewCount="2123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of tennis, in ATP &amp;amp; WTA tournaments &amp;amp; Grand Slams, the player's points &amp;amp; rankings play a very important role in the qualification &amp;amp; seeding for the tournaments.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a players retires from professional tennis, he/she is obviously removed from the rankings.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But if the players comes out of retirement after a year or so (Henin,Clijters,Devenport) do they start on zero points? Or do they get a portion of their previous points back?    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The star players, which I just mentioned above, will get a wild card entry into tournaments irrespective of their points. But what happens in the case of an unknown player? What happens to their points &amp;amp; rankings? Do they have to start all over again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T14:47:13.740" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T14:47:13.740" Title="When a tennis player comes out of retirement, what happens to their points &amp; ranking" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3101" CreationDate="2013-08-26T10:12:25.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember a glorious Istanbul derby (GS-FB) in 2008-2009 season that ended 0-0 but with 4 reds and 4 yellows, but I cannot go as far to claim that it's the most red cards shown in the league history. It's perhaps worth mentioning that just the year before that the same teams tallied 4 reds and 11 yellows in a cup game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/jan/28/theknowledge.sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;According to The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;, the most red cards in English Leagues is 5, that occurred twice the same year both in the second division, if I understand it right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding more information here; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/01/red-cards-how-common-are-they.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;according to a football stats blog&lt;/a&gt; more than 1 red per game is actually very rare (1% or less) in the top leagues. Here's an interesting excerpt, with a title contender 4-red game reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The graph also shows that receiving no red or a single red card accounts for 98-99% of all red card occurrences of for teams across the leagues, making matches with more than 1 red car exceedingly rare events. So you may immediately wonder which team would have that unfortunate honor of seeing red four times in a match - it's Osasuna in the 2006/07 season in a match against Atetico Madrid; and by the way, in the 2008/09 season, they managed to get three red cards in another match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2013-08-26T13:45:04.557" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T13:45:04.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3131" CreationDate="2013-08-26T10:57:24.130" Score="5" ViewCount="1914" Body="&lt;p&gt;My golf game is coming along nicely, largely in part to having a great coach but I have the problem that, currently, I am working 300 miles from home so I can't book in any lessons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, however, a lot of golf facilities near where I work so I am thankfully still able to get plenty of practice in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wanting to keep improving my ability, I am now thinking about getting some tuition from a coach at one of the golf facilities near where I work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am concerned though that having a second instructor may be counter-productive.  There's a huge chance that a new coach will have a different coaching style, different ideas about optimum swings, stance, etc. and lessons here could antagonise the teachings of my &quot;home&quot; coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a high-handicapper so I'm still really working on the fundamental aspects of the game but I am aware that what I learn now is very important to my future improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is having two separate coaches going to be counter-productive?  I know this would be a good question for my current coach but I'm not in contact with him whilst I'm away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T13:00:17.997" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T18:43:25.240" Title="How counter-productive would having two coaches be?" Tags="|golf|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2865" CreationDate="2013-08-26T12:43:01.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.  Not at all.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I would guess is that maybe you saw a spring game which is when a football team (College level) will play a full game with their first team offense and second team defense vs. their second team offense and first team defense.  In spring games or practices (and only in spring games or practices) the same team will wear a total of three jerseys (home and away for the two teams respectively and black uniforms for the quarterbacks to signal that nobody is allowed to hit them very hard but they are considered &quot;down&quot; when touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1679" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T12:43:01.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2013-08-26T15:41:20.793" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most Major League starting pitchers have between three and four different kinds of pitches that they can throw throughout the game. Examples are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fastabll&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Changeup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slider&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Curveball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cut Fastball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kunckleball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The break and speed of these pitches vary quite dramatically so it's important for the catcher to know what's coming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that a pitcher has so many pitches is so that he can vary the speed, rotation, location and break to the batter. If the batter knows what pitch is coming they can largely negate the advantage that the pitcher creates by being able to mix their pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally you want signs to be simple between a pitcher and a catcher. This is due to the fact that miscommunication with signals can lead to passed balls, wild pitches and even injury to the catcher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that most of the time it makes sense for the catcher and pitcher to communicate via a simple system. The catcher shows the sign between his legs and the pitcher either nods to accept the sign or shakes his head to tell the catcher to change pitches. Then the catcher places his glove in the intended location and that becomes the target location for the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is not the whole story. The catcher is generally &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; just calling pitches. Generally pitch selection is either the result of prior planning and discussion with the pitcher (they will generally meet before a game to work on how to get specific hitters out). Or the pitches are relayed by the manager or pitching coach from the dugout to the catcher and then to the pitcher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some specific situations where this system changes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a runner reaches second base the catcher will almost always go to the mound to tell the pitcher that he will be switching to a more complicated signally system so that the runner (who has full view of his signalling) has a harder time determining the signs and cannot relay information to the batter)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In late and close games with runners on base you might see the catcher go to the mound every pitch or every couple of pitches. This is because the margin for error is very slim and they want to avoid any potential confusion due to signals getting crossed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This mostly applies to starting pitchers. When a reliever enters the game usually they throw fewer pitches (some great ones only have a single pitch, see Mariano Rivera with the cut fastball), and they will likely not have as well developed of a gameplan with their catcher. This is where having a veteran catcher who knows a pitcher very well is really important. He potentially knows the hitters better than the pitcher does and is the guide for the reliever to get outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T15:41:20.793" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3101" CreationDate="2013-08-26T15:43:50.197" Score="8" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Six red cards&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Primera División - Spain, &lt;a href=&quot;http://fussball.wettpoint.com/en/games/184229.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Espanyol vs FC Barcelona on 13/12/03 at 19:30&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;5 red cards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Red Cards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minute, Player I. De La Peña ( Espanyol )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minute, Player A. Lopo ( Espanyol )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minute, Player R. Quaresma ( FC Barcelona )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minute, Player R. Marquez ( FC Barcelona )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Minute, Player P. Cocu ( FC Barcelona )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, it &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; just be that in this (same) game, actually &lt;strong&gt;6 red cards&lt;/strong&gt; were shown, the sixth to Soldevilla. Will check... And..., &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/p.php?id=23351&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here it is&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, that is somewhat disturbing, but either way it is &lt;strong&gt;5 or 6 red cards&lt;/strong&gt;. (If anyone can clarify the discrepancy, please do.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the second source looks better. I therefore think it was &lt;strong&gt;six red cards&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More sources for &lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espnfc.com/match?id=131798&amp;amp;cc=5739&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Espanyol vs. Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootball.net/report/primera-division-2003-2004-espanyol-barcelona-fc-barcelona/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spain » Primera División 2003/2004 » 16. Round » Espanyol Barcelona - FC Barcelona 1:3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://todoslosresultados.blogspot.nl/2011/07/espanyol-1-3-barcelona-el-partido-con.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Espanyol 1-3 Barcelona | El partido con más expulsiones de la historia &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espanyol 1-3 Barcelona | El partido con más expulsiones de la historia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;El 13 de diciembre de 2003 en el Olímpic Lluís Company, por aquel entonces estadio del Espanyol, se citaron el Espanyol y el Barcelona, partido correspondiente a la 16ª Jornada de la Liga Española de la temporada 2003/04. Temporada que ganaría el Valencia por última vez.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Este partido dio lugar al partido con más expulsiones de la historia, con un total de &lt;strong&gt;6 expulsiones&lt;/strong&gt;, 4 por tarjeta amarilla y 2 por roja directa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2016-11-23T14:40:12.097" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T14:40:12.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3117" CreationDate="2013-08-26T18:55:34.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like you said - coming out of retirement can be a vastly different proposition for well known, once highly-ranked players vs. unknown, lower-ranked players. As you mentioned - the well known players will likely get the assistance of wild cards from tournament directors to quickly ascend back up the rankings while the unknown player likely would not. This would affect how many rankings points each player was able to quickly regain and thus, their ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No matter the popularity or previous ranking - no player gets any portion of their rankings points back. They would start back at zero unless their retirement was very short-lived and all of their previously earned rankings points had not dropped off yet (from the previous season). I assume you understand how the rolling 12-month rankings points system in professional tennis works. If not, leave a comment and I can expand on it further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FYI - when a player announces retirement they are not automatically removed from the rankings unless they explicitly request to be removed immediately. I believe Henin was immediately removed because she requested to be. However, in Andy Roddick's case - he was still ranked inside the top 100 earlier this year (before the clay season I believe) - because some of his rankings points had not fallen off his rolling 12-month ranking yet. He is now listed as inactive on the ATP website since all his rankings points have fallen off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: You can read more about the ATP ranking system &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Basically, each player's ranking position is based on the amount of rankings points they have accumulated over the past rolling 12 months. For example, Andy Murray won the U.S. Open last year in 2012. He received 2,000 ranking points for doing so. Those 2,000 ranking points stay as a part of his total rankings points until the week before the U.S. Open in 2013. Then they will &quot;fall off&quot; of his total (he loses them) and he will re-accumulate whatever points he earns by his result of playing the event in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T17:32:24.443" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T17:32:24.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3126" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3127" CreationDate="2013-08-27T05:34:13.433" Score="8" ViewCount="22388" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't see any football players wearing caps while playing international matches, but I could see some of them wearing large headbands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the rules for Football say about this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the football players are not allowed to wear cap means, what is the reason for allowing large head-bands but not head caps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T08:30:25.220" LastActivityDate="2023-03-11T18:58:09.553" Title="Is it permissible to wear caps while playing football?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3126" CreationDate="2013-08-27T08:47:24.840" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per FIFA's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Equipment Regulations&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, Section 22, only the goalkeeper is permitted to wear a cap.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;22.1&lt;/strong&gt; All goalkeepers may, irrespective of the prevailing conditions, wear a &#xA;  goalkeeper cap of any Colour. The goalkeeper cap must be produced by the &#xA;  Manufacturer of a Playing Equipment item. The goalkeepers of the same team &#xA;  may wear different goalkeeper caps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule regarding caps was brought in to afford goalkeepers better visibility in sunny conditions, with the cap shading the eyes from the glare of the sun.  The rule includes the line &quot;irrespective of the prevailing conditions&quot; so that goalkeepers can also where a cap even if there is no sun.  Some goalkeepers will wear a cap in the rain so that their vision is not impaired by rainwater in their eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding headbands (and wristbands), section 24 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24.2&lt;/strong&gt; The Players may wear a headband or wristbands. Neither the name, or &#xA;  any abbreviation thereof, nor the number of a Player may be displayed on a &#xA;  headband or wristband.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Headbands and wristbands reduce the problem of sweat and rain and remain a personal choice as to whether the player wears them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T08:59:52.220" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T08:59:52.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3126" CreationDate="2013-08-27T09:29:55.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On p. 90 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the document @Ste linked to&lt;/a&gt;, we read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.3 Goalkeeper cap &lt;strong&gt;and further caps&lt;/strong&gt; [My emphasis.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to indicate that caps may be worn by other players as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 4&lt;/a&gt; stipulates&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player may use equipment other than the basic equipment provided that its&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;sole purpose&lt;/strong&gt; is to protect him physically and it poses no danger to him or any&#xA;  other player. [My emphasis.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Modern protective equipment such as headgear, facemasks and knee and&#xA;  arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material are not considered&#xA;  dangerous and are therefore permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation would be that a non-goalkeeper is allowed to wear a hat or cap, but that such a hat may not be peaked, because that would serve a purpose beyond protection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T09:29:55.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3129" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-27T14:14:34.513" Score="12" ViewCount="5954" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone use the triangle offense other than Phil Jackson? He won 11 rings with it. In the NFL, teams copy each other all the time. How come teams don't copy Phil? I don't think the argument that 'Phil and Tex Winters' are the only guys who really understand it. These are professional coaches that typically have decades of experience in basketball before getting a job. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T09:38:35.823" LastActivityDate="2020-08-30T04:53:32.800" Title="Why don't more NBA teams use the triangle offense?" Tags="|basketball|nba|formations|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3130" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-27T14:24:59.143" Score="12" ViewCount="2259" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was some ruling back in the 1960s (or something like that) that barred the NFL from having games on the same days as College or High School games. I think it had to do with their anti-trust exemption. Dos anyone have more details? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:10:57.897" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:10:57.897" Title="How come the NFL is not allowed to play on Friday/Saturday" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3120" CreationDate="2013-08-27T14:48:51.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is having two separate coaches going to be counter-productive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my honest opinion and experience, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; counter-productive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am concerned though that having a second instructor may be&#xA;  counter-productive. There's a huge chance that a new coach will have a&#xA;  different coaching style, different ideas about optimum swings,&#xA;  stance, etc. and lessons here could antagonise the teachings of my&#xA;  &quot;home&quot; coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never had a golf coach. However, I have watched golf, instructional videos, and had multiple golfers/golf pros/etc. give me advice. Most of the time, &lt;strong&gt;philosophies&lt;/strong&gt; on how to approach the fundamentals of the game varied, sometimes greatly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, two golfers may instruct you to keep your lead arm straight through impact, then follow through...but one golfer's philosophy may be to have even weight with your head behind the ball at impact (a flatter swing) while the other golfer's philosophy may be to have most of your weight on your lead foot with your head over the ball at impact (stack and tilt, a more upright swing). Same fundamental, different philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd imagine the philosophy between two coaches would be different. Even if one coach is a &quot;protege&quot; of a more established coach, there will be slight differences in philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of the mental aspect of the game, I would suggest that you stick with your current swing coach, as your game is coming along nicely, and you have been working with his philosophy. Next time you see your coach, ask about fundamentals that you can work on while you are away. Thus, you will remain to have &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; philosophy that you follow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some pro golfers meet with their coaches 3-4 times a &lt;em&gt;year&lt;/em&gt; to go over fundamentals and philosophies. Some of us are more involved. Some of us are not. Once again, the kind of golfer you are comes down to the philosophy you follow. Adding another coach most likely means adding another philosophy which most likely means the mental aspect of your game will suffer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I have tried many golf swings and philosophies, but through time and frustration, I decided to work with what I naturally have (for example, even if I am cognizant of shortening my swing, I still swing my club past parallel with my woods and long irons during my backswing) and work on fundamentals. Also, I limited my thoughts before my swing to one swing thought. After deciding to let go of my mental struggles and frustration, my time on the course has been more fun and I have been playing better. It's nice to hit drives around 300 yards and hit the fairway half the time...still have the short game to work on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I know this would be a good question for my current coach but I'm not in contact with him whilst I'm away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would be weary of bias ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T14:54:23.897" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T14:54:23.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-27T15:42:23.347" Score="7" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a full major league baseball season, what player has led his team with the fewest number of hits?  If the season did not have 162 games, what is the answer for 162 game seasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T19:37:47.537" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T13:16:53.760" Title="What is the lowest number of hits to lead a team for a major league baseball season?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3062" CreationDate="2013-08-27T16:33:32.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a simplification of a bunch of ways to avoid route running techniques. Basically, coaches just don't want you to key on the upper body or feet as a simple head-fake or shuffle could cause you to over-commit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think they expect full focus on the receivers hips at all times such as when the ball's in the air. At some point you're going to have look at the receivers eyes and spot the ball yourself too. Rather, the point of keying on the hips is to not get fooled by a receiver's break. If he's running a post, your coach wants you to take the turn and drive of the hips as a sign that the receiver's made his break, not the shoulder and head fake he just made for an out. Once the receiver has made his break to commit to his route, the emphasis on watching the hips diminishes. He's going to look for the ball and you're going to now recover and close down the angle. Barring a broken play, the receiver is probably not going to work you one on one again as he's instead trying to provide a throwing target. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, this is why receivers who can run a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnSUkpv5WTs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;double move&lt;/a&gt; are often successful. They make one cut, changing their hip direction to sell the DB on one route and then drive hard into their real route. If they're quick and strong enough to make a successful second break, you will often be out of position because you did read his hips correctly!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="792" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T17:24:53.337" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T17:24:53.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3132" CreationDate="2013-08-27T17:16:50.527" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this question is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYM/2004.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kaz Matsui&lt;/a&gt; in 2004 for the New York Mets with 125 hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next best are Tommy Harper of the Seattle Pilots with 126 in 1969, Deon Sanders of the Reds in 1997 with 127. And finally rounding out the top 5 are Lou Whitaker and Luis Polonia For the 89 Tigers and 90 Angels respectively with 128 each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My analysis determines that it's fairly common for a team to have a leader with fewer than one hit per game. It's happened over 250 times since the 162 game schedule was adopted in 1962 (with 4 strike shortened seasons thrown out). Which is an average of about five teams per year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My research also indicates that the all time low water mark &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BSN/1878.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;is&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bill O'Rourke of the 1878 Boston Red Stockings with 71 hits over the 60 games that comprised that league year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've confirmed this to be the case, there are several players from other leagues (Union Association and American Association) that have fewer hits, but it seems their teams played many many fewer games than were scheduled (my baseball history is not strong enough to know why without more research).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-08-29T13:16:53.760" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T13:16:53.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3064" CreationDate="2013-08-27T20:24:50.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Co-ownership is a bit like like a stock market futures contract combined with a loan. What's important to remember is that co-ownership deals are usually finite arrangements. There is a term put in place when the deal ends and both teams must &quot;go to the envelopes&quot; in terms of buying out full stakes in the player. In other words, if Roma co-own a player from Bari, then a few years from now, Roma and Bari will submit secret bids for the other half of the player. The highest bidder pays that amount to the loser and then takes control of the contract. So Roma can choose to outbid Bari for the player because they value him highly or even not bid at all if they do not want to take on the contract (i.e. the player has not lived up to expectations). In the event of  tied bids, the club who currently has the player on its roster wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both clubs can usually also buyout the other's stake at any point in the deal, but this is like a normal transfer where bids can go back and forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a player already contracted to a smaller club, co-ownership is usually pursued by a bigger club to buy a long-term stake in the player. The player will usually continue to play with the small club and develop as a key player in that side. The bigger club gains the advantage of getting a long-term developmental prospect with the option to fully purchase him during the co-ownership or when the deal ends. In most other leagues, teams buy a player and then loan him back (like Manchester United did last year with Wilifried Zaha to Crystal Palace). In Italy, the co-ownership process achieves the same ends but for a longer term and allows the big club to hedge its risk slightly better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases, a player on a big club will be sold in part to a smaller club as a way of not giving up on a player. Rather than multiple loans, the player is allowed to settle and develop on a smaller side in the hopes of being a better asset later in the deal. For example, Inter signed Adriano from Brazil and then loaned him to Fiorentina when he was behind strikers like Christian Vieri (IIRC) on the starting squad. With the loan expired, Inter and Parma then agreed on a co-ownership wherein Adriano thrived for two years in a yellow shirt. The end result was a win-win for both clubs as Parma received great service from Adriano for two seasons and then received Inter's buyout for full rights. Inter had a player with known discipline issues thrive in an environment where he found peak form and were able to take him back when the side needed another striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, not all co-ownerships work out well, just like other transfers. But the takeaway really is that co-ownership is like a long-term development agreement where both parties agree to share the benefits or costs of a player future value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="792" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T20:24:50.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3126" CreationDate="2013-08-27T20:41:51.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although headgear is allowed to be worn, it is not advised for anyone other than the goalkeeper. This could be because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The beak of the cap is hard, a player going for a header could end up hurting the opposing player with it, thus making it dangerous to another player and becoming an infringement of Law 4 of FIFA guidelines.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beanies could end up falling off a player's head and since nothing other than the football should be allowed on the field of play, play might have to be stopped till the beanie is picked up and placed back over the player's head. The law states that the game may not be stopped in case of an infringement. But I have seen referees stop games so that a player can put back his shoe, this would mean that the referee has the last call on such cases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1686" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T20:41:51.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3130" CreationDate="2013-08-28T00:34:17.170" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at Wikipedia under the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Broadcasting_Act_of_1961&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Broadcasting_Act_of_1961&lt;/a&gt;) which references Title 15, Chapter 32 of the United States Code (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/chapter-32&quot;&gt;http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/chapter-32&lt;/a&gt;) which defines &quot;Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests&quot; in dealing broadcating TV.  Then to quote wikipedia &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It also, in effect, protects high school football and college football game attendance by blacking out pro football games locally on Friday evenings and Saturdays during those sports' regular seasons; these measures effectively outlawed the broadcasting (and, in practice, the playing) of NFL games on those days, since virtually all of the country is within 75 miles of at least one high school game on every Friday night in September and October.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastActivityDate="2013-08-28T00:34:17.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3138" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-29T16:19:41.243" Score="8" ViewCount="1100" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know what a group being open means in the later parts of a group draw, normally teams of the same country cannot play in the same group. But I find it very peculiar on the first pot, in other words the first teams to be placed to groups some groups are not &quot;open&quot; to a club. Does that have anything to do with the game schedule Tue/Wed and TV viewership? So that for instance Real Madrid and Barcelona do not play the same day? Or is it a completely different story?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T19:49:26.870" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T19:49:26.870" Title="What does it mean that &quot;a group is open&quot; on the first pot of the CL group draw?" Tags="|football|terminology|champions-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2013-08-29T21:39:14.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's 3 quick things to keep in mind&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher can decline the given sign, in which case the catcher will have to give another sign.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since different pitches behave differently, the catcher needs to know what pitch is being called so he can compensate. Passed balls are never a good thing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It has to be the catcher that calls the sign, because that's the only player in the field the batter cannot see.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher just throwing without a sign is a no no and will most definitely bring quite a bit of anger from both the catcher and the pitcher's manager. The only time you'll see a pitcher not get a sign is when multiple pitches have been called, say after a catcher's trip to the mound, often in a close game situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1693" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T21:39:14.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3141" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-30T14:52:36.727" Score="8" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day I was having a hit with a colleague who was at a substantially lower level than me. In order to keep the rallies going, I slowed down my swing through the ball a lot so that I could take the pace of the ball. I found myself hitting really clean forehands and getting into a really good rhythm. I have tried using this method of slowing down rallies against my regular training partners and find that it really helps me get into a good rhythm . Is this a good way to warm up/ continue hitting or does it make you get used to hitting at a lower pace?, i.e. although it temporarily helps in getting into a good rhythm, does it actually make you worse at reacting to balls that are hit at a normal pace. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1695" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T04:49:33.577" Title="Slowing down rallies during training" Tags="|tennis|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-30T19:03:41.207" Score="7" ViewCount="2348" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles tennis, who serves 1st after a tie breaker set?&#xA;I realize who starts the tie break but who serves the first regular game after the tie break?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1696" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:21:00.733" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:21:00.733" Title="who serves after tiebreaker in doubles tennis" Tags="|tennis|tie-breaker|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3143" CreationDate="2013-08-30T21:08:11.887" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/2013_Friend_At_Court1.PDF&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt;, rule 5. Score in Game states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. SCORE IN A GAME&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  ...The player/team whose turn it was to serve first in the tie-break game shall&#xA;  be the receiver in the first game of the following set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastActivityDate="2013-08-30T21:08:11.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3148" CreationDate="2013-08-31T15:13:08.540" Score="3" ViewCount="3941" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot ever remember seeing a PGA championship course with a par-3 18th hole. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For sake of discussion, let's limit to courses that have been the site of a Major Championship or WGC championship since 1960. Does anyone know of one with a par-3 18th hole?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking this a part of a reference for a question on &lt;a href=&quot;https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/61536/skill-vs-luck-the-ratio-and-its-measurement&quot;&gt;Game Development&lt;/a&gt; regarding the distinction between skill and luck in various games (and by extension sports).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1697" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:18:55.780" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T21:54:12.593" Title="Championship golf courses with a par-3 18th hole" Tags="|trivia|golf|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3145" CreationDate="2013-08-31T19:55:53.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;1997 U.S. Open at Congressional Country Club&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 1995 U.S. Senior Open, it was decided to use the existing par-three 18th for the time, but it was played out of order as the 10th. However, this proved to be logistically difficult, as there was a rather long walk around the lake to get from the 9th green to the 10th tee, followed by another as the players had to double back to get to the 11th tee following completion of the 10th. &lt;strong&gt;The USGA broke with tradition for the &lt;em&gt;1997 U.S. Open&lt;/em&gt;, and played the entire Blue Course in its original order and finished with the par-3 18th, which was the first time in history that the tournament had finished on a par-three.&lt;/strong&gt; [My emphasis.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The USGA was unsatisfied with their experiment, as most of the drama surrounding the 1997 Open had been decided at the 17th hole. With the creation of the new tour event in 2007 as well as the upcoming 2011 U.S. Open, it was decided to solve the problem once and for all. The club voted to permanently reverse the direction of the 18th hole, and Rees Jones was brought in to design a new par-3, which now plays in the opposite direction to the old 18th. The new hole now plays as the 10th, with the rest of the routing shifted so that the original par-four 17th hole now plays as the permanent 18th. A long walk from the new 10th green to the 11th tee remains, but not nearly as far as the old configuration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Country_Club#Blue_Course&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;em&gt;Congressional Country Club&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T20:03:09.800" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3145" CreationDate="2013-08-31T23:50:07.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tour_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tour Championship&lt;/a&gt;, final event of the FedEx Cup Playoffs, has been held at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Lake_Golf_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;East Lake Golf Club, Atlanta, Georgia&lt;/a&gt; since 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It currently plays as a par 72 course and the 18th hole is a long par 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfcoursegurus.com/reviews/eastlake.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bboG8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image of 18th hole&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;Image source&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At anywhere between 220 to 245 yards, the final hole is a stout par-3 that will give players in the Tour Championship fits even if they don't have to pull a head cover off a club for the tee shot. Thought it's not the standard length — or par, for that matter — for the final hole of a golf course, East Lake's closer, with deep bunkers guarding both sides of a slick, firm, two-tiered green, is as difficult as it is distinctive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/golf/pga/2010-09-22-tour-championship-finishing-hole_N.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: USA Today, 2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T23:50:07.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3149" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-02T03:47:51.870" Score="6" ViewCount="995" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is injured in OTAs, minicamp, or training camp, and is waived/injured, is the team responsible for a negotiated amount of a non-guaranteed contract? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if a player has a $5m non-guaranteed contract and suffers an ACL before the season starts and is out for the year, does the team have to pay the full salary? If so, &lt;strong&gt;why would a team waive/injure instead of putting a player on injured reserve (IR)&lt;/strong&gt; if they have an injury that knocks them out for the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-02T19:01:08.157" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T06:12:40.400" Title="Waived/Injured for non-guaranteed contracts before the season starts" Tags="|nfl|finances|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3150" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-02T03:49:03.970" Score="5" ViewCount="654" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lawrence Tynes was placed on the non-football injury (NFI) list by the Tampa Bay Buccanneers due to a staph infection he claims he got at their training facilities. They are paying his salary, but he does not accrue a year for retirement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would the team do this instead of putting him on injured reserve (IR)? He is getting paid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-02T06:16:12.230" LastActivityDate="2013-10-03T19:54:52.213" Title="What is the difference between NFI and IR?" Tags="|nfl|terminology|finances|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3151" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-02T20:14:28.670" Score="6" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;ESPN is stating that the Jets may put Mark Sanchez on injured reserve instead of cutting him if they decide to replace him. He has a large guaranteed contract and cutting him is a large salary cap hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sanchez clearly does not have a season ending injury. My understanding is that the player has to clear waivers before he can be put on injured reserve, but that isn't a lot of protection, no team has cap space left at the start of the season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So can a team arbitrarily decide to put you on injured reserve no matter what? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-11T13:48:32.227" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T13:48:32.227" Title="Can a player protest injured reserve status?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3152" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-03T13:26:40.280" Score="7" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;In South Africa the SA Sport and Olympic Committee (SACOC) has asked all their national sport organisations to conform to a uniform qualification framework in order to &quot;grade&quot; coaches/ referees / administrators throughout the various sporting codes in the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea of this is to be able to compare people with the various qualifications and to give people working in these positions a more professional status. This will in turn formalise the industry and assist these volunteers to become paid professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been involved with hockey (indoor &amp;amp; outdoor) and karate at a provincial and national level. I know that there is a huge differences how you become a qualified coach, referee/umpire and administrator in these two sports, some of it formal and the other not. This is definitely going to be a huge task to get these codes to conform to a single framework.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I would like to know if any other association/committee around the world has attempted this and whether it was successful or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1649" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T01:45:32.633" Title="A single qualification framework for all sporting codes (coaching/refferee/administrator)? Is this possible &amp; worthwhile?" Tags="|officiating|olympics|coaching|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3154" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-04T09:25:36.220" Score="7" ViewCount="1050" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/shouts/2013/09/federers-last-stand.html&quot;&gt;http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/shouts/2013/09/federers-last-stand.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with tennis so I don't know what he's talking about here with this.&#xA;&quot;goes down another break ?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A wild misfire, and Roger Federer goes down another break in the second set. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1702" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-04T13:06:49.840" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T14:36:01.137" Title="what does &quot;go down a break&quot; mean?" Tags="|terminology|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3154" CreationDate="2013-09-04T09:30:47.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means to lose a game that one served, and then to be behind one's opponent in terms of number of breaks won. To win a set (without having to resort to a tie-break), one needs to break one's opponent at least once, so to go down a break is a significant setback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. in the following passage, Smith goes down a break. Smith serves the first game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Smith 1-0 Jones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Smith 1-1 Jones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Smith 1-2 Jones&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Smith 1-3 Jones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Smith 2-3 Jones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Smith 3-3 Jones&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Smith is serving the 3rd game, but loses it to Jones. Jones therefore breaks Smith and is one break down. Smith then wins the 6th game (on Jones's serve) - he breaks Jones back. However, Jones is not &quot;a break down&quot;, because he broke Smith earlier, so they are simply level again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-09-04T21:44:19.213" LastActivityDate="2013-09-04T21:44:19.213" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3180" CreationDate="2013-09-07T04:26:35.920" Score="4" ViewCount="1257" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many models of Nike football/soccer boots have a lace cover. It the laces need replacing, how do you access the eyelets under the cover to insert the new lace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uzZgn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Football boot with lace cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1710" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-07T06:30:12.780" LastActivityDate="2013-09-11T11:12:51.653" Title="How to replace laces on boots with a lace cover?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2587" CreationDate="2013-09-07T07:17:49.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rene Higuana (The guy who does the scorpion kick) is another famous guy to wear long pants. He was wearing them Columbia vs England&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1711" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T07:17:49.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2218" CreationDate="2013-09-07T10:23:36.493" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason set replaces engage is because engage is a very awkward word to use. It has two syllables, and worse, the stressed syllable is the second one. The effect is like saying &quot;ready, set,  g-Go&quot; in a running race. Because scrummaging is time critical to a matter of milliseconds, a single syllable word is much more efficient. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1713" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T10:23:36.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3166" CreationDate="2013-09-07T12:18:29.273" Score="11" ViewCount="4102" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that Rafael Nadal had more points in Race rankings than in world rankings in several recent editions of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_rankings&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP rankings&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the race rankings are based on the tournaments from the current calendar year, whereas ATP world rankings are based on the tournaments from the last 52 weeks. So the latter includes longer period. How is it possible that a player has more points in the race rankings? Are there different rules for which tournaments are countable for these two rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, as of August 19, 2013, Nadal had 9010 points in the race rankings and 8860 points in the world rankings.&#xA;You can check this on Wikipedia (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_ATP_World_Tour&amp;amp;oldid=569712768#ATP_rankings&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Current_Men%27s_Singles_ATP_Rankings&amp;amp;oldid=569243631&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;or in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/YTD-Singles.aspx?d=19.08.2013&amp;amp;r=1&amp;amp;c=#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Race to London rankings&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx?d=19.08.2013&amp;amp;r=1&amp;amp;c=#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP rankings&lt;/a&gt; published on the ATP website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I check rankings breakdown on the ATP website then for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx?t=rb&amp;amp;d=n&amp;amp;ytd=n#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Rankings&lt;/a&gt; I see (at this moment):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xG9Mk.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx?t=rb&amp;amp;d=n&amp;amp;ytd=y#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Race to London&lt;/a&gt; I get the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r5YBw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this particular case, the difference seems to be that 150 points from the tournament in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_VTR_Open&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Viña del Mar&lt;/a&gt; in February 2013 are included in Race to London rankings, but not in ATP Rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know whether it is possible to somehow find ranking breakdowns from the past, but according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nadalnews.com/2013/02/11/rankings-february-11th/#.UixD6z-KLw8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this blog post&lt;/a&gt; Vina del Mar was included on February 11th; but this was before the tournament in Sao Paolo. He had 5550 points on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx?d=11.02.2013&amp;amp;r=1&amp;amp;c=#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;February 11th&lt;/a&gt; (after Vina del Mar)&#xA;and 5755 points on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx?d=18.02.2013&amp;amp;r=1&amp;amp;c=#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;February 18th&lt;/a&gt; (after Sao Paolo).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the rules about number of required &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_500&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP World Tour 500 series&lt;/a&gt; tournaments could explain this? According to Wikipedia:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;It is mandatory for leading players to enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a &quot;zero&quot; score towards their world ranking for each one short.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T09:09:53.703" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T09:09:53.703" Title="How can a player have more points in race rankings than in the ATP world rankings?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-07T14:43:00.493" Score="4" ViewCount="1810" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrage_betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arbitrage bet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;surebet&lt;/em&gt; means betting on all possible outcomes in which you make profit independently on the result of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly can I calculate whether given odds form an arbitrage and what the potential profit could be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T08:55:26.547" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T08:55:26.547" Title="How is potential profit from an arbitrage bet (a.k.a. surebet) calculated?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3163" CreationDate="2013-09-07T14:43:00.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Complementary bets&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First let us look at the situation where we have several possible outcomes, which are &lt;em&gt;complementary&lt;/em&gt;, i.e., exactly one of these results can happen.&#xA;There can be various number of complementary outcomes; we can have 2 of them (two players in a tennis match, over/under in a soccer match, home/away in ice hockey), 3 results (home/draw/away in soccer, or regulation time in ice hockey) or even more results (for example, betting on exact score 0-0, 1-0, 0-1, and complementing this with over 1.5).&#xA;Let us try the case of 3 possible outcomes; the computations are similar in the case of other number of results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We may have the following outcomes and odds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-------------------------------&#xA;|   | odds | stake | winnings |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| 1 |  o1  |  b1   |   o1*b1  |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| X |  o2  |  b2   |   o2*b2  |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| 2 |  o3  |  b3   |   o3*b3  |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We would like to maximize the winning in the case of any outcome, hence&#xA;W=o1b1=o2b2=o3b3&#xA;which yields&#xA;b1=W/o1&#xA;b2=W/o2&#xA;b3=W/o3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we bet the amount of B altogether, then&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;B=b_1+b_2+b_3=W(1/o1+1/o2+1/o3)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;To obtain an arbitrage, we need W&gt;B, i.e.,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;1/o1+1/o2+1/o3&amp;lt;1.&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;And the fraction&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;W/B=1/(1/o1+1/o2+1/o3)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;represents how much is the winning larger than our stake. We can also calculate from the above equations b1,b2,b3; i.e., the percentage of our stake to put on various outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can have a look on a particular example. Suppose we find the following odds at various bookmakers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-------------&#xA;| 1 |   6   |&#xA;-------------&#xA;| X |   5   |&#xA;-------------&#xA;| 2 | 1.746 |&#xA;-------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 1/6+1/5+1/1.746=0.9394&amp;lt;1 this is an arbitrage, and the profit is 1/0.9394=1.0645; which means the potential profit is 6.45%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Arbitrage of type pk/X/2&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us have a look at one more type of arbitrage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many bookmakers offer bet called pk (standing for &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_handicap#Quarter-goal_or_two-way_handicaps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pick-em&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;)&#xA;or handicap 0 which works as follows: If the team wins, the&#xA;bettors obtains the winning; in the case of draw the bettor gets&#xA;his stake back. If the team loses the match, the bettor loses his&#xA;stake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us have a look again what happens if the bettor bets on all&#xA;three possible outcomes. (They are, so to say, partially&#xA;complementary.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-------------------------------&#xA;|   | odds | stake | winnings |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| pk|  o1  |  b1   |   o1*b1  |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| X |  o2  |  b2   | b1+o2*b2 |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;| 2 |  o3  |  b3   |   o3*b3  |&#xA;-------------------------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We try to optimize the wagers in a such way that the winning in all cases is maximal possible. This yields the winning&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;W=o1b1=o3b3=b1+o2b2&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first equality yields&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;b1=W/o1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;b3=W/o3&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Now we can use b1 to compute &lt;code&gt;b2&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;b_2=(W-b1)/o2=W/o2-W/(o1o2)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;code&gt;b1+b2+b3=1&lt;/code&gt; (i.e., assuming b1,b2,b3 represent the percentage of the stake) we get:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;W/o1+W/o2-W/(o1o2)+W/o3=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;1/o1+1/o2-1/(o1o2)+1/o3=1/W&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;1/(1/o1+1/o2-1/(o1o2)+1/o3)=W&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hence we can obtain an arbitrage if&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;1/o1+1/o2-1/(o1o2)+1/o3&amp;lt;1&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;(which is equivalent to W&gt;1.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, we can compute b1, b2, b3 from the above equations. We can have a look at an example again. Suppose we have match with the following odds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-------------------&#xA;| home, pk | 2.24 |&#xA;-------------------&#xA;|   home   | 2.98 |&#xA;-------------------&#xA;|   draw   | 4.1  |&#xA;-------------------&#xA;|   away   | 2.45 |&#xA;-------------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usual 1/X/2 arbitrage with the odds 2.98/4.1/2.45 gives&#xA;profit 1.252%. Using pk for the home team yields 1.05%&#xA;(Hence, in this case, using this type of arbitrage bet did not bring an advantage.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Risks&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it is important several risks connected with this types of betting. Many of them are mentioned in the Wikipedia article about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrage_betting#Risks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;arbitrage betting&lt;/a&gt;, too. (Here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arbitrage_betting&amp;amp;oldid=570672571#Arbitrage_in_practice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link to the revision&lt;/a&gt; at the time when this answer was posted and to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arbitrage_betting&amp;amp;oldid=916275308#Risks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You have to be careful about the limits you are allowed to stake.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You need to be careful about the bookmarkers rules. For example, in tennis some bookmakers make the stake void if one of players withdraws during the match; some consider the other player the winner. (And some have even more complicated rules depending on number of sets that have already been played.) Similarly in baseball, some bookmakers make the bet void unless the listed pitchers started.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are bookmakers that have different rules for pk (for example, they return only 90% instead of the whole bet).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T08:49:39.907" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T08:49:39.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3165" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-07T14:45:33.067" Score="8" ViewCount="18889" Body="&lt;p&gt;On several occasions, when checking odds offered by bookmakers, I have noticed that they have been changing rapidly as the time of the event get closer. (This was particularly noticeable during the fast few minutes before the start of the event.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does this happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T11:31:05.370" Title="Why do odds offered by the bookmakers tend to change rapidly during the last few minutes before the start of the game?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3161" CreationDate="2013-09-07T20:22:03.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Ok, I have completely rewritten my answer now that I understand this completely myself. In my opinion, these rankings being so hard to figure out is one thing that tennis suffers from - the rankings should be easier to figure out and to know &quot;why&quot; someone is ranked where they are. Anyway...here we go. How tennis rankings work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to determine a tennis players ranking, their best 18 tournament results are counted (19 if the player made the previous year's masters cup). 12 of these 18 events are mandatory (4 slams, 8 Masters Series) - they are counted first. This leaves a further 6 tournaments to be counted and they are counted in this order: first, the one optional Masters Series tournament (Monte Carlo), then any ATP 500 level and Davis Cup matches. If there are any countable tournament results left after this, then Olympics (if applicable) and the best ATP 250 results make up the points, until 18 tournaments have been counted (19 for Masters Cup players). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in Nadal's case (keep in mind he didn't play after Wimbledon in 2012 so he missed a bunch of tournaments), it has to do with this rule, regarding which tournaments can count towards Nadal's ranking, since he is a &quot;commitment player&quot;. See the 2nd question on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx#pointvalue&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP's rankings FAQ page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In November 2011, the ATP Board passed a rule to allow more&#xA;  flexibility in which tournaments count toward the ranking of a&#xA;  commitment player in 2012 and 2013. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Commitment players (top 30 in 2012 year-end ranking) can count their&#xA;  best six (6) results from ATP World Tour 500, ATP World Tour 250 and&#xA;  other events (Challengers, Futures, Davis Cup, Olympics) toward their&#xA;  ranking. To count their best six (6), players must have fulfilled&#xA;  their commitment to 500 events - 4 total per year (at least 1 after&#xA;  the US Open).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what was left out of this explanation was - that UNTIL a commitment player has fulfilled their commitment to playing in four 500 level tournaments for the year (with 1 being post US Open) - they aren't allowed to count points earned at lesser tournaments (such as Vina Del Mar, in Nadal's case). Once Nadal plays in four 500 level tournaments in 2013, he can opt to (but probably won't need/want to) use the points earned at Vina Del Mar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player fails to meet that four 500 level tournament commitment, they are assigned zero points from however many 500 level tournaments they didn't play in. This is referred to as the &quot;zero point penalty&quot; for tennis rankings. In Nadal's case, he only played in one 500 level tournament in 2012 (Barcelona) so he was assigned/given a result of 0 points from three other 500 level tournaments at the end of 2012 (even though he never showed up or played at them). In the first image you posted of the Rankings - you can see he has zero points for Valencia and Beijing, even though he didn't play in those tournaments (He added points from Acapulco this year - it replaced a zero point result from 2012). Once Nadal plays in four 500 level tournaments in 2013 (with at least 1 being after the US Open) - those Vina Del Mar points would be eligible or &quot;countable&quot; as it says on the ATP website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See this page for more rankings FAQ: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-09-08T08:49:15.910" LastActivityDate="2013-09-08T08:49:15.910" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3161" CreationDate="2013-09-08T12:17:44.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll add some passages from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/corporate/rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; to complement jamauss' answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/5609B3076B654759950B48B24129B8B1.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chapter 1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The commitment for the commitment player is, the singles event of all ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments for which he is accepted, the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals (if qualified as a direct acceptance or designated as the alternate) and four (4) ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, one (1) of which must be held following the US Open. &lt;strong&gt;For commitment and ranking purposes, the Monte Carlo Masters 1000 will be included in the minimum requirements for the 500 category.&lt;/strong&gt; 2013 Davis Cup points may be counted as one (1) of the best of six (6) in the Emirates ATP Rankings, however, it shall not count towards the commitment requirement of a commitment player. See page 184 &quot;Ranking Penalty.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/76D1A262D36C4E0392D28F7556EBF627.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chapter IX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Commitment Players. The year-end Emirates ATP Rankings is based on calculating, for each player, his total points from the four (4) Grand Slams, the eight (8) mandatory ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments and the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals of the ranking period, and his best six (6) results from all ATP World Tour 500, ATP World Tour 250, ATP Challenger Tour and Futures tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-09-08T13:03:10.423" LastActivityDate="2013-09-08T13:03:10.423" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2013-09-08T12:17:44.310" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-09-08T13:35:40.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This basic play was very confusing in our game yesterday: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bases loaded one out. I was at third. I made a diving stop and basically dove onto the base, but the runner was still there. So, the force at third made one out (the umpire didn't signal it), but what to do now? The bench told me to tag the runner, but my instinct was to throw to first because I thought the force at third took away the force at home, and the runner at third could now occupy the base. By the time I thought too much, there was no play at first. Strangely, the runner from third took off for home (thinking he had to run, which he should have done initially) with me standing there with the ball, so I threw him out at the plate. I'm just not sure he had to run. Double play. We all stood there for a few seconds and nobody knew the rule, if there is one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1715" LastActivityDate="2013-09-08T13:35:40.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3170" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-09T06:24:11.170" Score="10" ViewCount="2756" Body="&lt;p&gt;I been looking online everywhere to see what level of climbing you have to be at to become a sponsored climber (sponsored enough to make it your profession).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there are a lucky few that get sponsored despite not being very good. I wonder however what ratings most athletes can climb when they become professional rock climbers. Is 5.13 enough to get sponsored by a certain company? If not then is 5.14 enough? Can you climb 5.14 and still not be able to find a sponsor? If so what does it depend on? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it harder to get sponsors as a person that only boulders? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-09-09T20:03:14.530" LastActivityDate="2019-11-30T20:26:54.860" Title="Becoming a professional rock climber" Tags="|climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3173" CreationDate="2013-09-09T13:11:22.640" Score="10" ViewCount="1136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine a situation where the batting team needs a boundary to win last ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman hits it straight where no fielder is present and it got obstructed by the umpire, what will be in favor of batsman?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Has any match ended in such negative results for batting team, due to Umpire's obstruction of ball?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Will it not be dead ball as umpire has wrongly obstructed the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1719" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T15:39:23.217" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T15:39:23.217" Title="Match lost because of Umpire's obstruction" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3165" CreationDate="2013-09-09T13:23:40.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite simply it's because that's when there is the most betting activity - the majority of the activity, actually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Odds start at what the bookmakers believe is an accurate representation of the outcomes.  These odds then drift or come in depending on what the punters are backing.  For example, a team might be 10/1 to win when betting opens.  If millions are bet on that then the odds will shorten.  It's not unheard of for odds to change massively in the time leading up to an event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider, a football match: if a lot of money is placed on team A, the odds for team A shorten; if a lot of money is placed on team B, the odds for team A lengthen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now you ask: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; does the majority of the activity happen just before the event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;1 - The big betters want to keep their cards close to their chests.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say I was a professional gambler and I had really investigated the statistics and other parameters surrounding an event.  Mythical United are playing Made-up FC and Made-up FC have been set at 1/1 or evens. However, I happen to know that Mythical United are not playing four of their strongest players due to a sickness virus in the club and will be at a severe disadvantage. If I bet £1,000,000 five hours before the game then that is when the odds will change.  Because of that, everyone else will see the change of odds and might think &amp;quot;Oh, I'm getting some of that!&amp;quot;  It's a crude example but the sizeable bets are generally placed around 10-15 minutes before the event and that is why the market appears to &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;2 - You get better value closer to the event.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bookmaker will have more liquidity the closer it gets to the event.  For this reason, it is easier for the big boys to get large bets accepted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;3 - You're more likely to get the true odds.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does happen - bookmakers and punters will &amp;quot;seed&amp;quot; the market so that odds are more tempting.  In horse racing you'll often see a horse at 30/1 come in to 12/1 in the build up but then drift massively out closer to the event.  You can avoid falling victim to this manipulation by betting late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-09-09T13:23:40.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3171" CreationDate="2013-09-09T17:15:43.663" Score="8" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Laws&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23 (Dead ball)&lt;/a&gt; doesn't say anything about umpires being struck by balls, other than:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball becomes dead when [...] whether played or not it lodges in the clothing or equipment of a batsman or the clothing of an umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when [...] a serious injury to a player or umpire occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt; only applies to batsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 32 (Caught)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A catch shall be considered to have been fairly made if, [...] a fielder catches the ball after it has touched an umpire, another fielder or the other batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;That sort of settles it for me. An umpire touching (but not pocketing nor being seriously injured by) the ball doesn't have any consequences. If the ball was on its way to the boundary and suddenly it isn't anymore due to the umpire touching it, then that's tough luck for the batting team.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is corroborated by the audio commentary to some of the videos referenced below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Actual occurrences&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But not on the last ball, I presume.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/AIib7_g9xOo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Gary Baxter Cricket Umpire Hit&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/eIP7nLSd6qs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Cricket Umpire Gets Hit- Ouch!!&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/r12-GTHfs30&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Ball hits the Leg Umpire.3gp&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/oyklhp_UQBQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Michael Hussey hits UMPIRE Billy Doctrove...2008..&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/hFM4xy8R8lg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Amazing cricket umpire hit in the head by batsman!!!!!&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/cJ5rnHdkk9w&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Umpire catches ball.....or tries to, PETER PARKER!!!!!&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; (This one actually makes it to the boundary.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/jZMUP2RzR9Y&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Misbah ul Haq Hit the Ball on Umpire's BUTT (Private Part of Body) an&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;PS: I don't think a fielder may &lt;em&gt;use&lt;/em&gt; an umpire to field the ball, e.g., by deliberately pushing him/her in the way of the ball. That seems to fall under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 41 (The fielder)&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&amp;quot;A fielder may field the ball with any part of his person, but if, while the ball is in play, he wilfully fields it otherwise, (a) the ball shall immediately become dead. and [penalty runs and other stipulations.]&amp;quot;&#xA;Possibly other laws are broken as well.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-09-09T18:23:56.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3190" CreationDate="2013-09-10T07:43:01.893" Score="12" ViewCount="3425" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can see coin tosses in international matches of Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which coin is used for tossing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any special coin for tossing in those international matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T19:01:57.217" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T19:01:57.217" Title="Which coin is used for tossing?" Tags="|rules|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3177" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3178" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" Score="0" Body="Questions about the role of doping in sports. This contains use of steroids, PEDs, etc. and its consequences." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T17:13:12.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3157" CreationDate="2013-09-11T07:52:39.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would prove to be an interesting read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/how_8618399_put-laces-mercurials.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ehow.com/how_8618399_put-laces-mercurials.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that you've got the laces out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thread a piece of fishing line through the eyelets of the boot as if lacing a boot. As the line does not have the thickness of an aglet you can insert your fingers under the cover, even for the lowest eyelets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turn the plastic aglet on one end of the new laces so the crease, where the wrapped plastic ends, is on the side and poke the needle through the aglet approximately 1/8 inch below the end of the aglet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tie a knot in the line so it does not pull through the aglet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pull the line through the lacing eyelets in the direction of the end of line not attached to the lace, pulling the lace through all the eyelets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1711" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-09-11T11:12:51.653" LastActivityDate="2013-09-11T11:12:51.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2813" CreationDate="2013-09-11T10:28:22.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;have had a breakthrough with this trick and have landed a fair few. the method is all in the back foot but your front foot has to be practically pointing forward and quite far back on the board swipe the front foot out to the side and push your back foot away from you out in front as hard as you can. its should spin up and through your legs almost like an impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gwVpd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="1478" LastEditDate="2013-09-22T16:36:02.987" LastActivityDate="2013-09-22T16:36:02.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3183" CreationDate="2013-09-11T12:25:13.813" Score="7" ViewCount="1023" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard the terminology &quot;Carry the bat&quot; in Cricket. What does it mean? When it is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T05:17:24.583" Title="What is &quot;Carry the bat&quot; in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3182" CreationDate="2013-09-11T12:25:13.813" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Carry the bat&quot; is used when an opener (a batsman who play at number 1 or 2)  remains &lt;em&gt;not out&lt;/em&gt; after the team is &lt;em&gt;all out&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_the_bat&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In cricket, the term carry the bat (or carry one's bat) refers to an opening batsman who is not dismissed (&quot;not out&quot;) when the team innings is closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the term is used when the innings is closed due to all players are out or retired out or unable to bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term is not used when the innings is except above reasons. E.g. declaring the innings, win the match etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term is used like this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rahul Dravid &lt;em&gt;carries the bat&lt;/em&gt; for 146.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the list of carrying the bat in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283149.html&quot;&gt;Test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283150.html&quot;&gt;ODI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-09-11T12:25:13.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3197" CreationDate="2013-09-11T17:46:02.200" Score="5" ViewCount="436" Body="&lt;p&gt;After looking through a number of ironman (*) running race courses, it seems all of them are laid out to run through cities, which implies paved/asphalt roads. Is that because this way it makes it easier (better) for spectators? Or is there another explanation? From my limited experience (hobby long distance runner/cyclist and occasional swimmer) it sure feels like it's much better to run on trails and dirt roads than on paved ones....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(*) I'm referring to the distances, not the brand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1725" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T15:36:20.927" Title="Why do long distance triathlon (ironman) races have the running course through paved roads?" Tags="|history|running|triathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-11T21:56:17.660" Score="4" ViewCount="943" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/09/02/130902fa_fact_collins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/09/02/130902fa_fact_collins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1, does this mean he quickly goes back to the corners from the center to hit those attacks that land so close to the baseline?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2, &lt;strong&gt;dig up a drop shot&lt;/strong&gt; ...does this mean he returns the shot? dig up is a tennis word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3, &lt;strong&gt;starfishing for a high forehand&lt;/strong&gt;...what does he mean by this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He bounces the ball a million times before he serves. His play is&#xA;  plasmatic. He seems to &lt;strong&gt;flow toward the corners of the court&lt;/strong&gt;. He is&#xA;  an origami man, folding at the waist to &lt;strong&gt;dig up a drop shot&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;starfishing for a high forehand return&lt;/strong&gt;, cocking his leg behind his head in an arabesque as he blasts a backhand down the line....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1702" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-09-12T00:10:04.903" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T01:02:56.393" Title="What do these tennis words mean?" Tags="|terminology|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3185" CreationDate="2013-09-12T01:02:56.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Flow towards the corners of the court&quot;, means that Djokovic moves effortlessly and smoothly from one side of the court to the other, even though defending this area seems to be impossible without abrupt changes in speed and direction.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Origami man&quot;, refers to the fact that he flexible or fold-able (like paper while making origami), particularly at the waist when he bends low to, ...&quot;dig up a drop shot...&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Dig up a drop shot&quot;, means to return a drop shot.  The author uses &quot;dig up&quot; to colorfully describe that drop shots tend to stay very low, a well known characteristic of drop shots among tennis players.  The drop shots that Djokovic returns stay so low that he has to, &quot;...dig them up.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Star fishing for a high forehand&quot;, is a colorful description of a tennis player who has all 4 limbs fully stretched out, similar to the points of a starfish, prior to hitting a high forehand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="379" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T01:02:56.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3174" CreationDate="2013-09-12T10:55:44.900" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about other international sports but this what I know about  Cricket -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which coin is used for tossing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the only requirement for the coin to be used in tossing will be it should have two sides heads and tails .Most of the links(like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quora.com/Cricket-sport/Which-country-coin-is-tossed-in-cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091223052408AAaoEAb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;) address that the Host country's currency coin is used for toss but when it is tournament setup then the decision is with the ICC as for world cup 2011 there was a special coin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kH2bM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other one used for T20 world cup in West Indies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MjJcf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any special coin for tossing in those international matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, as I have mentioned the decision is on the host country or the ICC in the case which type of tournament it is. Also you can refer to images I have added for the special coins used in two major tournaments of Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T11:10:30.067" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:10:30.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2991" CreationDate="2013-09-12T12:11:09.503" Score="8" Body="&lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/a/1113/347&quot;&gt;Wrestling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as there have been people, there has been wrestling. Nearly every culture has some form of it used for contests internal and external to the group. Wrestling is one of the most basic sports, and is probably the oldest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Egypt, the fifteenth tomb of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beni Hassan&lt;/a&gt; has a large wall depicting wrestling techniques. At this point we're talking about roughly the &lt;strong&gt;19th to 20th century BCE&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uTwJW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Beni Hasan wrestling&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have similar evidence of wrestling in older tombs such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84085.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Petah Hotep&lt;/a&gt; (aka &lt;a href=&quot;http://wysinger.homestead.com/nubiansport.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ptahhotep&lt;/a&gt;). It is specifically an ancestor of Kirkpinar, Turkish oil wrestling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The oldest known proof of the existence of oil-wrestling in Ancient Egypt is found in limestone from the tomb of Ptahhoteb near Saqqara from the fifth dynasty (about &lt;strong&gt;2650 BC&lt;/strong&gt;) from the same period as the Chafadji-bronze.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In China specifically, there is some evidence that something related to (but probably very different from) modern &lt;em&gt;shuai jiao&lt;/em&gt; wrestling called &lt;em&gt;jǐao dǐ&lt;/em&gt; (角抵, horn butting) was used in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuai_Jiao#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2697 BCE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wrestling is a &lt;em&gt;really old&lt;/em&gt; sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:49:44.153" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T12:11:09.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2013-09-12T14:15:28.810" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitcher has the final decision, since he is the one throwing the pitch. Before every game, the pitcher, catcher and pitching coach meet to discuss pitching strategies. They already have an approach before the batter steps into the batter's box. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The catcher then signals the pitcher (sometimes, the coach will signal the catcher first). This is primarily done to make sure, on any given pitch, they are in agreement. Trying to catch a 95mph fastball up and in when you are set up for a slider down and away can lead to a lot of wild pitches. The catcher does this because if the pitcher did it, the batter will see the signs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher then decides if he is comfortable with the pitch called and either nods or shakes it off. Knowing a strategy before a game starts doesn't take into account a pitchers feel and comfort level with the pitch once he starts pitching in-game. In most cases, the pitchers agree because they have a relationship with the catcher, they both prepare in advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1728" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T14:15:28.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3184" CreationDate="2013-09-13T00:08:22.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually it is a logistics issue. Consider the same question, as to why almost all marathons are usually pavement/road based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very hard to find 26.2 Miles of trails.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then consider the case of an Ironman distance race, where the prospective host city must find suitable swimming for 2.4 Miles, and 112 Miles of bike route that can be secured/closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then require it to be on trails?  Good luck finding such a place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironman Wisconsin in Madison, WI has a multiple mile segment run on sort of dirt trails.  My memories of that race from 2003 are sufficiently faint that I do not remember which segment was on dirt, but I remember the dirt trail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironman Couer D'Alene, Idaho had a sort of trail/path segment on the run as well, same faded memory excuse on more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recall reading that the old Roth Challenge Ironman distance race was mostly run on trails. This memory was in the context of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_Hoyt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hoyts&lt;/a&gt;, (A father son team, where the son has Cerberal Palsey, and his dad has done many marathons and ironman distance races) and a complaint that his running time was terrible due to the off road nature taking a toll on his running wheel chair he was pushing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, the Hoyts are just amazing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T00:08:22.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2875" CreationDate="2013-09-13T04:16:33.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without looking at you shoot or your setup, assuming that your recurve is properly set up and tuned, I would say that you are 'plucking' the string and pulling your hand out away from your face, with proper form, the string should leave the finger tab because the fingers are so relaxed they can no longer hold the weight and then your fingers should come back to the back of your neck. If this is done everytime; then it might help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1411" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T04:16:33.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2876" CreationDate="2013-09-13T04:21:29.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;May I suggest the use of the Easton Carbon Ones, the shafts are excellent quality for the price and because they were originally only sold in spines for recurve or low poundage bows, there should be a spine that suits your needs, they can be also be pulled from the buttress with ease because Easton put a coating on them, the ease of removal the arrows from the target could also be improved by using Scorpian Venon or other arrow lubricant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1411" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T04:21:29.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3210" CreationDate="2013-09-13T14:18:06.637" Score="5" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, during wicket review by third-umpire in Ashes 2013, the following technologies are used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1.Hot Spot&#xA;2.Hawk eye prediction&#xA;3.Snicko Meter&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any order in using these systems. I mean, as far as I have seen, umpires are analysing only hotspot at first, hawkeye in second and snicko in third. It may be either LBW review or catch review, this order is being used. Is there any reason for using them in order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1719" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:07:26.090" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:07:26.090" Title="Order of using technologies during Cricket's review" Tags="|cricket|officiating|technology|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3184" CreationDate="2013-09-13T15:36:20.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A long off-road course is difficult to design.  You have to find a course that is wide enough to handle large crowds and in good enough condition to avoid injury.  Finding a suitable course that is marathon-length is very difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.xterraplanet.com/races/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;XTERRA&lt;/a&gt; off-road races manage to do this, although they are not Ironman length.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.xterraplanet.com/utah/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nationals&lt;/a&gt; next weekend in Utah is 1.5K swim/28K mountain bike/10K trail run.  XTERRA also holds trail run-only races as long as 25K.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T15:36:20.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3268" CreationDate="2013-09-13T20:44:07.500" Score="8" ViewCount="3793" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a 40+ softballer and cricketer. I've always had a &quot;strong arm&quot; in both sports (as well as in baseball), although I'm not muscular or big at all. But, I'm not too happy with my recent long-distance throwing. (I'm fairly sure this is due to the diminishing &quot;power&quot; in my arm, not to the rest of my body or coordination. It is the upper arm that hurts.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have got a couple of 3-kilo weights at my disposal. What are the best ways of training with them (at home) to &quot;strengthen&quot; my arm (for the specific purpose of throwing long-distance)? I've got a whole winter...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-09-13T20:54:10.670" LastActivityDate="2017-07-28T10:17:54.237" Title="Weight training for a strong throwing arm" Tags="|cricket|baseball|training|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3203" CreationDate="2013-09-13T21:08:21.713" Score="17" ViewCount="74880" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this question: &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1229/can-my-body-touch-the-table-in-table-tennis&quot;&gt;Can my body touch the table in table tennis?&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, but I am wondering something far more sinister: if I hit my opponent with the ball, and it doesn't touch the table, do I get a point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the rules: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/hb.asp?s_number=2%2E10&amp;amp;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/hb.asp?s_number=2%2E10&amp;amp;&lt;/a&gt;, but I can't tell if &quot;obstruction by the opponent&quot; includes malicious intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1735" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T19:11:36.103" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T19:11:36.103" Title="If the ball hits your opponent, do you get a point?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3079" CreationDate="2013-09-13T22:02:31.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answer: to give the top badminton players of the world the best playing experience there is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This particular shuttlecock is especially prepared for those events only. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tcgsBUDzHU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; YouTube video, a match between Lee Hyun Il and Marc Zwiebler - Olympics 2008 round 16, a German commentator is making note of the special shuttlecock:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[4'18&quot;] only available for World Championships and Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[4'23&quot;] heard from Martin Kranitz (German Olympic Sports Director) from supplier&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most probably the goose feathers are obtained from the northern part of the Republic of China. The cold conditions have an effect on the density of the feathers, giving extra insulation during cold weather.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When these types of feathers are used to prepare shuttlecock from, the shuttlecock will have a more precise and consistent fight behaviour, over the standard available feathers.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T22:02:31.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3201" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3202" CreationDate="2013-09-13T22:16:07.433" Score="6" ViewCount="1934" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing badminton for quite some time now and   was wondering if my badminton skills help me in the cricket game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should I be more fit to be a batsman (hand-eye coordination), defending the wicket, or should I focus on being a bowler (smash, clears). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-09-13T23:59:54.090" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T20:17:29.170" Title="Badminton and Cricket" Tags="|cricket|technique|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3201" CreationDate="2013-09-13T23:01:20.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the techniques of badminton are unlikely to be directly transferable to cricket, nevertheless virtually any sport that improves hand-eye coordination will have a positive impact on one's cricket, particularly one's batting and fielding. The great English batsman Colin Cowdrey reputedly used to warm up for batting by playing the game of &lt;em&gt;rackets&lt;/em&gt;. The young Don Bradman hit a golf ball against a wall with a stick. All such exercise is beneficial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anything, I would expect a player of racket sports to be more immediately comfortable with square-bat shots (the cut and the pull), and to require more training in straight-bat shots (particularly the drives).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a beginner, I would advise against solely focussing your efforts on one discipline. By all means start with batting, since you have experience in a racket sport; however, you may also find you have ability as a bowler. The more &quot;strings to your bow&quot;, the better! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-09-13T23:15:09.437" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T23:15:09.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3199" CreationDate="2013-09-14T05:23:36.867" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, yes, it would be your point if it hits your opponent before touching the ground - but only if the ball has not passed the end of the table already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.10.01.03:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if, after he or she has made a service or a return, the ball touches&#xA;  anything other than the net assembly before being struck by an&#xA;  opponent;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and Rule 2.10.01.04:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if the ball passes over his or her court or beyond his or her end line&#xA;  without touching his or her court, after being struck by an opponent;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means after the ball passes beyond the end line (end of the table) - the point is over and whoever hit the ball beyond the end line loses the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously if it were legal to win a point just by hitting your opponent with the ball, some crazy strategies would come into play - for the worse of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-09-14T05:23:36.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2813" CreationDate="2013-09-14T19:10:36.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've searched the internet and found some really good &quot;How To's&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a list of video instructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://skateboarding.transworld.net/1000170186/videos/how-to-hardflip-with-wade-desarmo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wade Desarmo&lt;/a&gt;, [0'34&quot;], [0'52&quot;]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://hkskatecity.com/en/article.php?id=28&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SkateCity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-do-hardflip&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;VideoJug&lt;/a&gt;, [0'16&quot;]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and here's a picture by picture explanation on how to do a hardflip:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Do-a-Hardflip-on-a-Skateboard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;How to Do a Hardflip on a Skateboard - WikiHow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having watched a few videos, I think the following is key to initiate the flipping behaviour:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the foot on the back of the skateboard is causing the board to lift. Upon lift, the other foot is touching the board, on the side, making it turn/flip. Watch closely how the first video shows the hardflip in slow motion at 52 seconds (press the play/pause button rapidly).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2013-09-14T19:10:36.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3109" CreationDate="2013-09-16T00:36:58.383" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from batting out of order, the answer is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole purpose of batting is to hit the ball to obtain the right to run the bases. So a batter can't get on base without hitting the ball first (unless he walks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Counting home plate (where you bat), there are potentially four base runners. Three outs ends the inning, so there can be at most two outs, with the inning continuing. That accounts for six men. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are nine men on the baseball team, which means that there will be at least three more men ahead of you before you can bat again if you've just scored a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2013-09-19T20:52:34.337" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T20:52:34.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3050" CreationDate="2013-09-16T00:56:10.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key passages from the MLB's Rule 5 Draft description &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/minorleagues/rule_5.jsp?mc=faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;are&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Players who were signed when they were 19 or older and have played in professional baseball for four years are eligible, as are players who were signed at 18 and have played for five years.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;All players on a Major League Baseball team's 40-man roster, regardless of other eligibility factors, are &quot;protected&quot; and ineligible for the Rule 5 Draft.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is to prevent teams from &quot;warehousing&quot; players that have at least 4-5 years of minor league experience (depending on the age they were signed). By that time, a player should be &quot;on his way&quot; to the majors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Membership on the 40-man roster suggests that the player has a future in the major leagues, even if he is still &quot;technically&quot; in the minors, because he may be called up any time a spot becomes available. By the end of the sixth year in the minors, a player will either have been promoted to the major leagues, or else have been released by the team. In that case, other teams may choose to sign him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Rule 5 Draft gives other teams a &quot;head start&quot; on signing minor league players after the ends of their fourth and fifth years that would otherwise be eligible to be signed at the end of year six.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T22:21:34.457" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T22:21:34.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3209" CreationDate="2013-09-16T04:12:03.597" Score="22" ViewCount="66671" Body="&lt;p&gt;During today's Niners vs Seahawks game, the score by the end of the first half was 0-5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand is how the Seahawks scored 5 points. My understanding of football is :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 points for a touchdown&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 point for following field goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 points for following conversion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 points for regular field goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In no way can I see a possibility where 5 points would be the combination of any of above said criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I thinking something wrong? How is it possible to have 5 points only?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1739" LastEditorUserId="1739" LastEditDate="2014-10-26T21:25:57.580" LastActivityDate="2016-12-07T19:45:13.730" Title="How does one get 5 points in a football game?" Tags="|american-football|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3208" CreationDate="2013-09-16T04:30:29.243" Score="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also get 2 points for a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_%28gridiron_football_score%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;safety&lt;/a&gt;, when the offensive team commits an infraction or is tackled in their own end zone. In addition to scoring 2 points, the defending team also receives the ball via a free kick. They are rare, but there have already been a few this season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So these are the possible ways to score:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touchdown - 6 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field Goal - 3 Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two Point Conversion* (following a touchdown) - 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety - 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Point After Touchdown* (field goal-style kick) - 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(NCAA, and NFL as of 2015) Blocked extra point try (or any turnover on a PAT or 2-point conversion) is run back - 2 points for defense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Extra point attempt that results in a safety for either side - 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the game you are referencing, there was a safety and then a field goal, resulting in a 5 point score for Seattle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*A Two Point Conversion or a Point After Touchdown can only be attempted immediately following a scored touchdown. The team must choose to attempt one or the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1740" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2016-12-07T19:45:13.730" LastActivityDate="2016-12-07T19:45:13.730" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3196" CreationDate="2013-09-16T07:17:53.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although i cant cite an official view on this but i think the order of using different technologies in &lt;strong&gt;DRS&lt;/strong&gt; is based on logic of eliminating the options.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;DRS&lt;/strong&gt; is mostly used in 3 situations, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;caught behind wicket&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;caught by close-in fielders&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;LBW&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first two situations above, there is no need of &lt;strong&gt;hawk-eye&lt;/strong&gt;. So the sequence will/should be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1)&lt;strong&gt;Check for No ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2)&lt;strong&gt;A slow motion close-in camera replay&lt;/strong&gt;(If the edge is clearly visible via an actual match feed than the &lt;strong&gt;hotspot&lt;/strong&gt; is just an additional closing confirmation. If not, then &lt;strong&gt;hotspot&lt;/strong&gt; is the crucial confirmation)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3)&lt;strong&gt;Sound feed from the stump mic&lt;/strong&gt;(Again because real feed confirmation is better than a processed technological one. If the edge is clear &amp;amp; distinct then hotspot will seal the deal)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;4)&lt;strong&gt;Hotspot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Note that as yet, &lt;strong&gt;snickometer&lt;/strong&gt; has not been incorporated in &lt;strong&gt;DRS&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;strong&gt;LBW&lt;/strong&gt;, the sequence will/should be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1)&lt;strong&gt;Check for No ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2)&lt;strong&gt;A slow-mo close-in camera replay&lt;/strong&gt;(To check for an inside edge before hitting the pad. If clearly visible, then the next &lt;strong&gt;hotspot&lt;/strong&gt; will confirm it &amp;amp; hence no need of &lt;strong&gt;hawk-eye&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3)&lt;strong&gt;Hotspot&lt;/strong&gt;(If the inside edge is visible, &lt;strong&gt;hotspot&lt;/strong&gt; will be the closing confirmation. If not then &lt;strong&gt;hotspot&lt;/strong&gt; evidence will be the crucial confirmation required for Not Out)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;4)&lt;strong&gt;Hawkeye&lt;/strong&gt;(If there is &quot;absolutely&quot; no clear evidence of an inside edge, &lt;strong&gt;Hawkeye&lt;/strong&gt; evidence becomes crucial for decision making. In case of an &quot;inconclusive&quot; inside edge, a &lt;strong&gt;Hawkeye&lt;/strong&gt; showing ball going wide of the stumps or not hitting in line will make &lt;strong&gt;hotsopt&lt;/strong&gt; irrelevant)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In case of LBW, hawkeye is checked after hotspot because the trajectory estimate of the ball depends on where it hits first. So, in case of inside edge, it will take the hit on the bat &amp;amp; estimate the trajectory, which if it hits the stump, gives the impression of OUT  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T07:17:53.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3212" CreationDate="2013-09-16T14:58:39.303" Score="5" ViewCount="479" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tri-series is a series/tournament with three nations playing for the trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When was the first international tri-series for cricket matches held?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which nations participated in it and who was the winner?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-09-16T17:34:46.637" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T17:34:46.637" Title="When was the first tri-series for cricket held?" Tags="|cricket|history|icc|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3211" CreationDate="2013-09-16T17:32:44.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;template=results;tournament_type=3;type=aggregate;view=series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first tri-series &lt;strong&gt;Test&lt;/strong&gt; tournament&lt;/a&gt; was held in England in 1912, between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/60296.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;England, Australia, and South Africa&lt;/a&gt;, and was won by England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;template=results;tournament_type=3;type=aggregate;view=series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first tri-series &lt;strong&gt;ODI&lt;/strong&gt; tournament&lt;/a&gt; was held in Australia in 1979, between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/60807.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Australia, West Indies, and England&lt;/a&gt;, and was won by West Indies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There appears to have &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=start;template=results;tournament_type=3;type=aggregate;view=series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;only been one &lt;strong&gt;T20&lt;/strong&gt; tri-series&lt;/a&gt; (all the other tournaments in the list had more than three teams) so far, held in 2010 between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/440098.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kenya, Uganda, and Scotland&lt;/a&gt;, and the hosts Kenya were the victors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T17:32:44.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3218" CreationDate="2013-09-16T23:23:47.347" Score="13" ViewCount="21540" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose an American League Team ended up with a good-hitting pitcher e.g Yovani Gallardo, or from an earlier era, Ken Brett, who had established this reputation in the National League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could such a pitcher be a &quot;designated hitter&quot; (dh) for himself? If yes, could he continue to &quot;dh&quot; after being relieved as a pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-06-15T10:41:06.020" Title="Can a pitcher also be a designated hitter?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2421" CreationDate="2013-09-16T23:48:26.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fact that a run is &quot;unearned&quot; does not affect win-loss tallies. In this context, &quot;a a run is a run is a run.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he leaves at the end of an inning, the starting pitcher is the &quot;pitcher of record&quot; in the half inning after he leaves, when his team is batting. If his team scored the fifth run during this half inning, he gets the win; otherwise the relief pitcher does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What the fact that the runs are &quot;unearned&quot; do affect, is the pitcher's earned run average (ERA). Such runs do NOT counted toward his ERA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a pitcher could give up, say, one unearned run, lose the game 1-0, and have a 0.00 ERA for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T01:23:38.647" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T01:23:38.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1595" CreationDate="2013-09-17T00:12:24.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the run is recorded only if all the runners were &quot;safe&quot; initially. That is, a batter made it to first base (safe) while the runner on third came home, then the batter was tagged out trying for second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or a fly ball was recorded for the second out. All baserunners (not counting the hitter) were safe initially. The third base runner tagged up and came home. A first base runner tagged up and was tagged out at second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last out must have been through a voluntary play of the runner, not a forced out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T00:12:24.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="816" CreationDate="2013-09-17T00:33:35.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In finance, it's called the time value of money. That is, $1 million paid in 2020 doesn't cost quite as much as $1 million paid in 2013 because the team can earn interest on the money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;selling&quot; contracts to their players, teams dangle the largest total number of dollars. Then they try to compensate by pushing back those dollars in time with players that don't understand the above paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A really smart player might settle for fewer dollars paid earlier, but few players would be willing to do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T00:33:35.440" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3213" CreationDate="2013-09-17T00:53:41.507" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;NO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule 6.10(b)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 It is not mandatory that a club designate a hitter for the pitcher, but failure to&#xA;  do so prior to the game precludes the use of a Designated Hitter for that club&#xA;  for that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10 Once the game pitcher bats for the Designated Hitter, such move shall terminate the Designated Hitter role for that club for the remainder of the game.&#xA;  The game pitcher may pinch-hit only for the Designated Hitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12 Once a Designated Hitter assumes a position on defense, such move shall terminate the Designated Hitter role for that club for the remainder of the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules combine to indicate quite clearly that the Pitcher cannot be named the designated hitter for himself. Specifically 12 would be the clearest case, the DH cannot appear on defense, which is the primary role of the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What a team &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; do if they had a pitcher with sufficient value as a DH though is the have him DH and then allow him to pitch, perhaps in a closer type role. Though rule 15 indicate that he would not be allowed to warm up in the bullpen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15 The Designated Hitter may not sit in the bullpen unless serving as a catcher in&#xA;  the bullpen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T00:53:41.507" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3198" CreationDate="2013-09-17T11:25:30.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would have thought press/push ups would be an ideal exercise for building strength for your throwing arm. When doing press ups you can adjust the width of your arms, thus building up different muscles. This means you can work on the shoulders, arms and breasts relatively easy, all of which help throwing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1417" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T11:25:30.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="996" CreationDate="2013-09-17T21:16:53.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;BABIP is &quot;batting average on balls in play.&quot; This &lt;strong&gt;excludes&lt;/strong&gt; home runs (hence out of the park, not in play), as well as base on balls and strikeouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For hitters, BABIP is a &quot;base&quot; for constructing batting averages. The average BABIP given up by a pitcher is something like .300. Most batters have averages below .300 because they strike out a lot. That gives them fewer chances to apply that &quot;.300&quot; average to balls in play, while the strikeouts are in the denominator of the batting average. On the other hand, home runs are &quot;free&quot; hits that do not count in the BABIP calculation, but does improve the batting average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The assumption of a .300 BABIP is also critical in computing pitchers' field independent pitching statistics (FIP). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula is 3.00 +(13*HR+ 3*Walks-2*KO)/IP, with the &quot;constant&quot; 3.00 assuming a .300 BABIP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, if a pitcher gave up no home runs and no walks, and struck out no one, his ERA would be 3.00, because there would be about 12 hits (and 27 outs) in a game, yielding three runs (on average).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other things being equal, strikeouts reduce a pitcher's ERA, because there are fewer contacted balls to hit. Walks increase a pitcher's ERA because they are &quot;free bases,&quot; as do home runs &quot;free runs,&quot; that don't &quot;run the gauntlet&quot; of bat to ball to field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2013-09-26T19:38:08.513" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T19:38:08.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2013-09-18T14:51:12.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I am concerned substitutes are used late on for one thing i.e. to appease the dressing room. I say this as all players get an appearance fee. Paying to 14 players instead of 11 makes the collective team happier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1748" LastActivityDate="2013-09-18T14:51:12.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3227" CreationDate="2013-09-18T19:42:39.733" Score="6" ViewCount="2359" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football (at least in Europe), the second half of a football match almost always gets a longer additional time (seems to be 3 minutes on average) than the first half (seems to be 1 minute on average).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1750" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T20:07:26.030" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T20:07:26.030" Title="Why is there often more additional time in the second half versus the first half?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3226" CreationDate="2013-09-18T19:47:25.553" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally teams make more substitutions in the second half, which means more stoppage time. Very rarely is a substitution made in the first half, while most teams use all 3 subs in the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastActivityDate="2013-09-18T19:47:25.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3230" CreationDate="2013-09-18T19:50:48.083" Score="3" ViewCount="428" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-09-17/sports/bal-lewis-humbled-by-ring-of-honor-induction-20130917_1_ray-lewis-super-bowl-xlvii-ravens-coach-john-harbaugh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ray Lewis&lt;/a&gt; will be inducted in the Ring of honor. Do all NFL teams have their own version of this ring of honor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides special recognition, is there any other special rites as a member of this exclusive group? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-09-18T21:19:08.520" LastActivityDate="2013-09-18T21:19:08.520" Title="Ring of honor, pride of the lions in NFL" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3182" CreationDate="2013-09-18T20:06:47.027" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It basically means that the batsman was at bat for the entire inning and, since he never got out, he &quot;carried the bat&quot; the entire time (as opposed to handing it over to another batsman once he was out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-19T05:17:24.583" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T05:17:24.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3228" CreationDate="2013-09-18T20:11:03.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most NFL teams display the names of past great players inside their stadiums.  Often this is referred to as the Ring of Honor.  Each team has their own criteria for this recognition.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Green Bay Packers, for example, have a very simple criteria: the names displayed inside Lambeau Field are all in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.packers.com/history/hall-of-famers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;22 Packers are in the Hall of Fame.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-09-18T20:11:03.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2723" CreationDate="2013-09-18T20:19:06.177" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;If instead of &amp;quot;European Championship&amp;quot; you mean the continental championship of the continent where the team is located (since it is not possible for any team outside of Europe to win the European championship) then the answer is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Santos (Brazil) - 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Celtic (Scotland) - 1967&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Englebert (DR Congo) - 1967&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cruz Azul (Mexico) - 1969, 1997&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ajax Amsterdam (Netherlands) - 1972&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vita Club (Zaire) - 1973&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MC Algiers (Algeria) - 1976&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Liverpool (England) - 1984&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defence Force (Trinidad &amp;amp; Tobago) - 1985&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PSV Eindhoven (Netherlands) - 1988&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Manchester United (England) - 1999&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hearts of Oak (Ghana) - 2000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Al-Ahly (Egypt) - 2006, 2007, 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Auckland City (New Zealand) - 2006, 2014, 2015, 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Waitakere United (New Zealand) - 2008&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Barcelona (Spain) - 2009, 2015&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Internazionale (Italy) - 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Esperance (Tunisia) - 2011&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bayern Munich (Germany) - 2013, 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hienghène Sport (New Caledonia) - 2019&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Al Hilal (Saudi Arabia) - 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Manchester City (England) - 2023&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-06-12T09:25:51.897" LastActivityDate="2023-06-12T09:25:51.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3232" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-18T21:57:43.527" Score="-2" ViewCount="1599" Body="&lt;p&gt;I run the stats for a cricket comp, and at the end of the season the point table looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;TEAM    P   W   D   L   FIP BP  PTS&#xA;Ninjas  6   3   1   2   10  6   30&#xA;Charger 6   3   0   3   8   6   26&#xA;Hawks   6   3   2   1   4   6   26&#xA;Wolves  6   1   1   4   2   2   10&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And because I store everything in a database running a query gives it to me automatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the finals, top of the ladder (Ninjas) goes through to the final, and will play the winner of 2 v 3. The Chargers and Hawks are level on points. Head to head between Chargers and Hawks is 1 all. Should the Chargers be in second or the Hawks to get the home semi?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-19T05:20:05.050" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T05:20:05.050" Title="Who will progress to the semi-final/final in case of equal points?" Tags="|rules|cricket|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2013-09-19T15:26:02.893" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3232" CreationDate="2013-09-19T04:57:11.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules regarding berth in the semi-finals/finals in case of equal points are defined for particular tournament. E.g. in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/tri-nation-west-indies-2013/engine/series/597920.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;West Indies Tri-Nation Series, 2013&lt;/a&gt; (Between West Indies, India and Sri Lanka) the rules regarding berth in the finals in case of equal points were as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of teams finishing on equal points, the right to play in&#xA;  the final match or series will be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The team with the most number of wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If still equal, the team with the most number of wins over the other team(s) who are equal on points and have the same number of wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If still equal, the team with the highest number of bonus points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If still equal, the team with the highest net run rate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the above rules were for &lt;strong&gt;that particular tournament&lt;/strong&gt;. Take a look at another example: In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/engine/series/566910.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Champions Trophy, 2013&lt;/a&gt; the rules for berth in semi-finals were as follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of teams finishing on equal points in its Group, the&#xA;  right to play in the semi-finals will be decided in the following&#xA;  order of priority:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The team with the more wins in the Group stage will be placed in the higher position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If there are teams with equal points and equal wins in the Group stage then in such case the team with the higher net run rate in the&#xA;  Group stage will be placed in the higher position (refer below for the&#xA;  calculation of net run rate).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If still equal, the team which was the winner of the head to head match played between them will be placed in the higher position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In the highly unlikely event that teams cannot be separated by the above this will be done by drawing lots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If all of the matches within a Group are a no result, the top two seeded teams will progress to the semi-finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there are different rules for different tournaments we can't say which team will progress to the final in the above case. Also you can see such rules for the current tournament from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;www.espncricinfo.com&lt;/a&gt;. Just go to the series page -&gt; open Point Table. Such rules are available in the Point Table page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/content/current/series/629521.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Champions League Twenty20, 2013/14&lt;/a&gt; -&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/engine/series/629521.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Point Table page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T04:57:11.630" CommentCount="26" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3236" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-19T18:39:44.647" Score="4" ViewCount="1120" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Champions Leage T20 2013, Kumar Sangakkara chose to play for Kandurata Maroons team, although he is the captain for Sunrisers Hyderabad. Now Kandurata Maroons is out of CLT20. Can  Sangakkara now join Sunrisers Hyderabad?? Is there any rule in cricket that permits a player to get switched over or even represent for another team as in case of Sangakkara??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1719" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-29T10:16:35.047" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T10:16:35.047" Title="Can a player represent more than one team?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3237" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-20T05:51:16.783" Score="6" ViewCount="995" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the current T20 leagues around the world are very new and the playing rosters are typically not settled; players change teams a lot between seasons. In addition, many players play in a lot of these leagues, often for only brief periods such as a few games at the start and end of the season only due to international commitments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these cases, what determines the eligibility to play for a team in the CLT20? Is there a minimum number of games or is playing just 1 game enough? What if a player was contracted to a team, but didn't actually play any games due to injury or form? Maybe there are no rules at all, and the franchise can bring any players they can managed to hire along to play the CLT20, even if they have never played for that team before? If a player played for a team in a previous season, but not the one in which the team qualified for the CLT20, can they play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T19:47:56.383" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T19:47:56.383" Title="What rules determine whether a player can play for a team in the CLT20?" Tags="|rules|cricket|tournaments|participation|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3236" CreationDate="2013-09-20T08:04:46.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is NO. The players were asked to select the team before the start of CLT20 and Sangakkara chose Maroons team. So he will not be able to reverse his decision in the middle of the tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from the cricinfo news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Champions League rules also state that if a cricketer is a part of&#xA;  two qualifying teams, and does not play for the team from his home&#xA;  country in the tournament, the team he represents must pay his home&#xA;  side $150,000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Various News and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/content/story/665813.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;check this cricinfo news link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastActivityDate="2013-09-20T08:04:46.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="896" CreationDate="2013-09-21T01:16:56.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the rule is that you must play the ball, and not the man, until someone catches the ball. This applies to both offensive and defensive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a player can do anything in relation to the BALL, either catch it, or bat it away from his opponent, but the player cannot do anything to the opponent, such as blocking, tackling, holding, or even touching to prevent him from catching the ball. Doing so is &quot;interference.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until someone actually touches the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T21:04:19.433" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T21:04:19.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2013-09-21T01:37:34.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A forward pass that does not pass the line of scrimmage will be considered intentional grounding UNLESS it is &quot;a pass that lands in the direction and the vicinity of an &#xA;originally eligible receiver,&quot; and therefore has a realistic chance of completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;pass&quot; thrown directly in front of the passer immediately after the snap meets this definition of &quot;a realistic chance of completion,&quot; based on the placement of the tight end and two running backs prior to the snap. The fact that the quarterback has intentionally &quot;spoiled&quot; his chances of completion by &quot;fast-passing&quot; or &quot;spiking&quot; the ball, does not affect this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After these (and other pass receivers move), the question of intentional grounding will be considered on a case-by-case basis based on where the players actually are. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2013-09-21T18:41:18.010" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T18:41:18.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1384" CreationDate="2013-09-21T01:39:27.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the offensive side, there are two basic types of players: 1) linemen, who line up on the line of scrimmage and protect their teammates, and 2) ball handlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The five linemen consists of the &quot;center&quot; (in the middle of the line) who &quot;hikes&quot; the ball to his quarterback, two &quot;guards&quot; on either side, and two &quot;tackles,&quot; who are &quot;wide&quot; protectors. These five linemen are not eligible to receive passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The six ball handlers include the quarterback, who receives the ball from the center, a big full back, who can run with the ball up the middle, a fast half back who can run with the ball to the sides, and three pass receivers, posted at the end of the line &quot;outside&quot; the tackles. Any of these men can receive a forward pass, and are &quot;eligible receivers.&quot; That is, depending on the situation, the quarterback may send his halfback and fullback forward to try to catch passes instead of run with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the defense side, there are typically four linemen (opposing five offensive linemen), and four men in the back, or &quot;secondary, opposing the three pass receivers. Between these lines are the so-called &quot;line backers,&quot; who are floaters that can either reinforce the lineman, if the offense is running with the ball, or the secondary, of the offense is using a pass play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the idea was to prevent too many offensive players from doing too many different things, thereby making it too hard for the defense to counter them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T01:39:27.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3089" CreationDate="2013-09-21T01:54:21.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team is using a three man line, the man in the middle is called a &quot;nose guard&quot;, and the two men on either side of him are still called ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is to free up an extra man to play linebacker. In essence, the nose guard, typically a very big man, has to do the job of almost two tackles in holding back the offensive line. He'll have a hard time doing this, so the ends have to operate closer to the center of the line to support him, taking over some of the  space normally occupied by the tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, they should worry less about their flanks, which are protected (theoretically at least), by the extra linebacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T01:54:21.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3245" CreationDate="2013-09-21T17:31:17.053" Score="1" ViewCount="1259" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a closer pitches the ninth inning, coming in with a 3-2 lead, and gives up an earned run, that would characterized as a &quot;blown save.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the run was UNearned because of a fielding error. Is it still a &quot;blown save?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T18:09:52.520" Title="Is there a &quot;blown save&quot; if the closer gives up only UNearned runs?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3244" CreationDate="2013-09-21T18:09:52.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saves and holds, like wins, are wholly dependent on the score and do not account for whether or not a run is earned or unearned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The save rule's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first clause&lt;/a&gt; is the one clearly in play here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10.18.a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is the finishing pitcher in a game won by his team; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The remainder of the save rule defines the context of a save situation. If you enter the game in a save situation and fail to hold the lead then you are awarded a blown save. It does not matter whether or not the runs you allow are earned or unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-09-21T18:09:52.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3247" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3248" CreationDate="2013-09-22T04:11:18.110" Score="6" ViewCount="12995" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of &quot;Duckworth–Lewis method&quot; in Cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the team that would appear to be winning loses the match because of this rule. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-01-22T12:15:29.670" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T12:27:25.417" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;Duckworth–Lewis method&quot; in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3247" CreationDate="2013-09-22T07:25:35.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a method is used in cricket to calculate the target score when the match is interrupted and the required quota is not completed. Most of the time this is used for matches which were stopped due to rain. An alternative method for this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayadevan%27s_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jayadevan's_Rain rule&lt;/a&gt;. Please note that DL method is what used in all international matches nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can get more details from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Duckworth–Lewis method (often written as D/L method) is a&#xA;mathematical formulation designed to calculate the target score for&#xA;the team batting second in a limited overs match interrupted by&#xA;weather or other circumstances. It is generally accepted to be the&#xA;most accurate method of setting a target score. The D/L method was&#xA;devised by two English statisticians, Frank Duckworth and Tony&#xA;Lewis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic principle is that each team in a limited-overs&#xA;match has two resources available with which to score runs: wickets&#xA;remaining, and overs to play. Where overs are lost, setting an&#xA;adjusted target is not as simple as to reduce the batting team's run&#xA;target proportionally, because a team batting second with ten wickets&#xA;in hand and 25 overs to play can be expected to play more aggressively&#xA;than one with ten wickets and a full 50 overs, and can consequently&#xA;achieve a higher run rate. The Duckworth–Lewis method is an attempt to&#xA;set a statistically fair target for the second team's innings, based&#xA;on the score achieved by the first team, taking their wickets lost and&#xA;overs played into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="921" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-09-22T07:25:35.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3254" CreationDate="2013-09-22T07:49:04.630" Score="4" ViewCount="4059" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know why the inner circle in limited overs cricket is drawn 30 yards from the wickets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any logic behind it, or is that just the way it is?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does this work during power-plays?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T06:30:35.140" LastActivityDate="2014-01-25T09:24:23.930" Title="In cricket why the inner circle is of 30 yards only? And how does it affect power-play?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3328" CreationDate="2013-09-22T14:30:52.663" Score="5" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read in &lt;a href=&quot;http://inrng.com/2013/09/world-team-time-trial-preview/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; about this year's UCI World Championships:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are six riders per team, meaning a smaller size when compared to, say, nine for last July’s team time trial in Nice for the Tour de France. Also the time taken is usually on the fifth rider but for the worlds, with the smaller teams, the time will be taken on the fourth rider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some official rules about which rider's time determines team's result in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_time_trial&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;team time trial&lt;/a&gt;? Or is it decided by organizer of each individual race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-10-07T05:09:29.827" LastActivityDate="2016-12-07T13:15:52.020" Title="Which rider's time determines result in team time trial?" Tags="|rules|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3253" CreationDate="2013-09-22T18:23:54.653" Score="4" ViewCount="6388" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the past few years, I've watched many badminton games on YouTube. At first, video-ed ASTRA broadcasts, but, nowadays, the BWF is hosting many of the international badminton events. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know the name of the female commentator who provided the commentary to many events. She appears in the final on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGIE6wWW95Q&amp;amp;list=SPA7ZcagI0frB-wHEhXsNzUiLI2OoEJTaH&amp;amp;index=4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yonex Japan Open 2013&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-09-22T19:46:16.427" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T13:55:52.533" Title="Who is this commentator to many international badminton events?" Tags="|trivia|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3252" CreationDate="2013-09-22T18:57:29.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Gill Clark&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most likely, this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillian_Clark_(badminton)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gillian Clark&lt;/a&gt; (&quot;OSIM BWF World Superseries TV Commentator&quot;). See a recent video with her &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=DpgCodzKNPE#t=102&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (from 1:42).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fPinh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gill Clark can also be found on &lt;a href=&quot;http://yonexopenjp.com/2013/en/topics_0826.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the website for the Yonex Japan Open 2013&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;YONEX OPEN JAPAN – memories of a commentator by Gill Clark&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-09-22T20:13:23.587" LastActivityDate="2013-09-22T20:13:23.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3249" CreationDate="2013-09-22T23:44:04.257" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In non limited overs cricket (i.e. 5 day test match cricket or 4 day 'First class' cricket), there are almost no restrictions on where fielders can be positioned, the only restriction being a limit of two players behind square on the leg side. You will sometimes see situations in which every fielder, apart from the wicket keeper, is on the boundary. This is sometimes known as a 'ring field'. Typically you would see this if a top order batter is batting with a tail-ender. The bowling team wants to stop the batter scoring boundaries, but are happy for them to score a single bringing the tail-ender on strike who they have a better chance of getting out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The inner circle was introduced in limited overs cricket in order to stop the bowling team setting these kinds of very defensive fields for long periods, which makes the game boring. Without any restrictions, the fielding team could set all the players back to stop boundaries which makes for boring cricket. For instance, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/671325.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; description about what used to be possible in one day cricket before fielding restrictions were introduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the inner circle works is that a certain number of players (the exact number differs between 50 over and 20 over cricket) must be within that circle. This means that there will always be some gaps on the boundary that the batter can target with attacking shots. In powerplays, the number of fielders that must be in the inner circle is increased, meaning even more gaps in the outfield giving the batter the incentive to hit the ball in the air over the top of the infield into the gaps, or even to try and hit a 6 knowing that if they miss hit it there are less outfielders who might be able to catch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T04:34:03.023" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T04:34:03.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3255" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-23T01:10:08.607" Score="6" ViewCount="3249" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the offensive lineman have to notify the referee in order to be an eligible receiver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1761" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T17:38:50.113" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T17:38:50.113" Title="NFL Rule On Offensive lineman" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3255" CreationDate="2013-09-23T02:30:15.680" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the quarterback or offensive captain has to notify the referee in order for an offensive lineman to be an eligible receiver. The exception is if the offensive lineman to be eligible is also an offensive captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is found in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/11_2012_ForwardPass_BackPass_Fumble.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; under &lt;strong&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 4&lt;/strong&gt; (in part, emphasis mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The quarterback or offensive captain informs the referee that a&#xA;  usually ineligible receiver will be eligible &lt;strong&gt;for that play&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why does a player who is lined up in a legal position to receiver need to give an additional signal the opposition that they are eligible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player in question is an offensive lineman (center, guard, or tackle). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5, Section 1, Article 2&lt;/strong&gt; (in part, emphasis mine) &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_2012_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf&quot;&gt;states&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All players must wear numerals on their jerseys in accordance with&#xA;  Rule 5, Section 4, Article 3(c). Such numerals must be by playing&#xA;  position, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) quarterbacks, punters, and placekickers: 1-19&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) running backs and defensive backs: 20-49&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(c) centers: 50-79&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(d) offensive guards and tackles: 60-79&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e) wide receivers: 10-19 and 80-89&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(f) tight ends: 80-89&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(g) defensive linemen: 50-79 and 90-99&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(h) linebackers: 50-59 and 90-99&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using this rule with an elaboration with &lt;strong&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 4&lt;/strong&gt; (in part, emphasis mine), offensive linemen (50-79) do not have the numbers of eligible players (1-49 and 80-89). Therefore, offensive linemen must be legally reported to be eligible receivers and line up at the end of the line or at least one yard behind the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Offensive players who are &lt;strong&gt;on either end of the line, provided they&#xA;  either have the numbers of eligible players (1-49 and 80-89)&lt;/strong&gt; or have&#xA;  legally reported to play a position on the end of the line. See 5-1-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Offensive players who are &lt;strong&gt;legally at least one yard behind the line at&#xA;  the snap, provided they either have the numbers of eligible players&#xA;  (1-49 and 80-89)&lt;/strong&gt; or have legally reported to play a position in the&#xA;  backfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T13:28:24.170" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T13:28:24.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3257" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3258" CreationDate="2013-09-23T07:25:42.493" Score="8" ViewCount="5035" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60&#xA;  overs per side, and matches were also played with 40, 45 or 55 overs&#xA;  per side, but now it has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_International#Rules&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are all the over formats used in ODI history?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did the 50-overs format for one-day international matches comes&#xA;in practice?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer if possible,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many matches were played for only 50-overs till now?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FYI, 5th ODI between Australia and England is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013/engine/current/match/566945.html&quot;&gt;3416th ODI match&lt;/a&gt; in Cricket history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="1460" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T10:18:09.477" LastActivityDate="2021-09-04T09:07:03.073" Title="When did the fifty-overs format for One-day international matches comes in practice?" Tags="|cricket|history|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3257" CreationDate="2013-09-23T09:38:10.663" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are all the over formats used in ODI history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64148.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;40&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64312.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;45&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64944.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;55&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65035.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;60&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64159.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;50&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64150.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;35&lt;/a&gt; overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did the 50-overs format for one-day international matches comes in practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't find any source or article where it is mentioned. But I find it by reading scoreboards of ODI matches one by one from starting. The first 50 overs ODI was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64159.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Indies v Pakistan&lt;/a&gt;, ODI no. 41, played at Albion Sports Complex, Albion, Guyana in 16 March 1977.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that earlier in ODI format, the number of overs was not fixed. You can see scoreboard of &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/307851.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;each ODI match by year here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Update:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quora.com/Cricket-sport/What-is-the-total-No-of-ODI-Played-with-60-Overs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; it is clear that the ODI format of 50 overs per side came in practice from 1979/80 &lt;em&gt;in Australia&lt;/em&gt; with colored cloths and day\night match. From that season &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; teams started following 50-overs format except England which continued playing 55-overs ODI &lt;em&gt;at home&lt;/em&gt; until 1995. However, England also started playing 50-overs match at home from 1996 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65017.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;v India&lt;/a&gt;. From that 50-overs format remained in ODI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T10:35:56.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3260" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-23T15:30:30.233" Score="14" ViewCount="7777" Body="&lt;p&gt;Various sources mentioned that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Balotelli&quot;&gt;Mario Balotelli&lt;/a&gt; recently missed a penalty for the first time in his career (in a professional match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/240785.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Balotelli has never failed to convert any of his previous 21 penalties in official matches but saw his remarkable run halted when Pepe Reina stooped low to save the Italian's effort to his right just after the hour mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3276/serie-a/2013/09/22/4281759/balotelli-misses-first-penalty-of-his-career&quot;&gt;another source&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Italy striker has developed a reputation as a deadly penalty-taker and up until the miss against Napoli he had successfully converted all 26 of his spot-kicks for club and country. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the largest number of consecutive penalties converted by a player in competitive matches? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T15:30:58.873" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T12:52:24.537" Title="What is a record for a football player in converting consecutive penalties in official matches?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3262" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-24T01:44:45.413" Score="4" ViewCount="1779" Body="&lt;p&gt;R1 on first, batter hits grounder to 1B who tags R1 who is standing on first, and then 1B touches first base.  Is this a double play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1766" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-09-24T07:18:20.623" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T20:52:26.903" Title="lead baserunner tagged while occupying base he is forced from" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3266" CreationDate="2013-09-24T09:14:41.087" Score="6" ViewCount="4814" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why free hit is not there in the Test Cricket? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Twenty-20 matches, when a bowler bowls &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; (overstepping with front foot or back foot) then next delivery is free hit, but in the Test matches why is it not there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-24T11:14:32.793" LastActivityDate="2021-11-25T05:26:52.237" Title="Why don't we have free hit in Test Cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3264" CreationDate="2013-09-24T10:18:35.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;T20 cricket match is more about entertainment than a genuine cricket. Cricket fans want to see more runs (mostly in form of boundaries) rather than fine cricketing shots. And &lt;em&gt;Free Hit&lt;/em&gt; allows the batsman to hit the ball without any fear of being out. So they can hit more and long boundaries if the bowler make mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Test cricket is the oldest form of cricket. Which has a different taste of cricket from it's starting. Where cricket fans want to see pure cricketing techniques rather than hitting freely. So Free hit is not suitable in the Test cricket. Also ICC does not change rules of Test cricket as much as possible. That's why free hit is not implemented in the Test Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, ICC implemented the &lt;em&gt;Free Hit&lt;/em&gt; concept in the ODI cricket because it is another form of limited overs cricket where fans want to see pure cricketing techniques + more runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-24T10:24:32.010" LastActivityDate="2013-09-24T10:24:32.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3264" CreationDate="2013-09-24T10:19:06.677" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;ICC announced the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_hit&quot;&gt;free-hit rules&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-media/content/story/313324.html&quot;&gt;2007 October&lt;/a&gt; along with some other changes in rules for limited overs cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only reason to us for not having free-hits in unlimited overs cricket is ICC didn't wants it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why they didn't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reasons may be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Free-hits are for increasing the excitement of the match, it won't be suit for unlimited overs match, where a batsman may be playing to save the wicket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most of the fielders are placed inside the 30-yard circle, so it is not favor for a bowler to stop a batsman from scoring.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Many other rules like power-play were not implemented in Test-cricket, which may only suits to limited overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-09-24T10:27:13.990" LastActivityDate="2013-09-24T10:27:13.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3262" CreationDate="2013-09-24T12:43:57.570" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until the out at first is completed the runner standing on first has no rights to the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB rule&lt;/a&gt; 7.01:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A runner acquires the right to an unoccupied base when he touches it before he is&#xA;  out. He is then entitled to it until he is put out, or forced to vacate it for another runner legally entitled to that base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is still a force in effect (the batter is running towards first and has not been put out), then the runner is not entitled to first base and can be tagged out. This is more specifically laid out in 7.08e&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The runner is out if he] or the next base is tagged before he touches the next base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner. However, if a following runner is put out on a force play, the force is removed and the runner must be&#xA;  tagged to be put out. The force is removed as soon as the runner touches the base to&#xA;  which he is forced to advance, and if he overslides or overruns the base, the runner&#xA;  must be tagged to be put out. However, if the forced runner, after touching the next&#xA;  base, retreats for any reason towards the base he had last occupied, the force play is&#xA;  reinstated, and he can again be put out if the defense tags the base to which he is&#xA;  forced&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.03b is also relevant here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a runner is forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner and two&#xA;  runners are touching a base to which the following runner is forced, the following&#xA;  runner is entitled to the base and the preceding runner shall be out when tagged or&#xA;  when a fielder possesses the ball and touches the base to which such preceding runner is forced&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is exceptionally rare in high level baseball as I cannot conceive of a situation where a runner would move &lt;em&gt;backwards&lt;/em&gt; on a ground ball. An MLB runner will be 10-30ft from the bag when contact with the ball is made. He will then determined the kind of contact, if it's a ground ball he's going to run as fast as he can to the next base, if it's a liner he will freeze and if it's a popup or flyball then he will use his judgement to determine if a fielder has a play (go back to the bag and tag up) or does not have a play (advance quickly to the next base and beyond).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-09-24T12:43:57.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3198" CreationDate="2013-09-24T15:50:18.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally heavy weights are used for building bulk and low weights are used for toning/power. Based on how you want to build strength for your arms and the limitations that you have, I don't think the weights will help you much. You'll want to work on your forearms, triceps, shoulders, and legs the most to generate power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forearms - this can be done by curling with your hands the weights that you have. Alternatively if you're willing to spend some time you can easily create your own wrist roller by getting a string strong enough to hold your weights and connecting them to a stick (or something sturdy enough to support the weight). You'll put your arms out straight and curl the weights up and down slowly.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bodybuilding.com/exercises/detail/view/name/wrist-roller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bodybuilding.com/exercises/detail/view/name/wrist-roller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;triceps - get 2 chairs that are sturdy enough to support you and do dips. This will also work out your chest and shoulders.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/468807-muscles-worked-in-the-dip-exercise/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.livestrong.com/article/468807-muscles-worked-in-the-dip-exercise/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shoulders - pushups will work best here (also work out arms/chest). You can do different types of pushups for different body parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Legs - Squats if you're able to find enough weight to do this activity safely. Otherwise sprinting exercises will strengthen your legs. Many people will forget but your legs are what gives you the majority of your power when you're throwing a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have any questions don't hesitate to message me. Also, keep in mind that I've only listed the main body parts you should focus on in order to train for this. You should workout all body parts (especially core).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thecompletepitcher.com/pitching_workouts.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thecompletepitcher.com/pitching_workouts.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1092" LastEditorUserId="1092" LastEditDate="2013-09-24T17:51:40.527" LastActivityDate="2013-09-24T17:51:40.527" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2013-09-24T20:30:28.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Lead Tape&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the best solution there is. Having read &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://badminton-coach.co.uk/4973/victor-bravesword-12-badminton-racquet-review/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; racket review from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://plus.google.com/u/1/113734145071389375695/about&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Stewart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; about making a racket more head-heavy, I immediately ordered some tape: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/o1Oi6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The tape comes with a self adhesive side, allowing you to stick it everywhere. According to the description, 4 inch / 10 cm would yield approximately 1 gram. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Usage&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I chose the following areas to stick the lead tape on:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p3BhK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best is to stick it on the inside of the frame. This will give less problems when the racket needs to be restrung and the forces act upon the tape or pass by it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DnHLX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My attempt to use the outside of the frame works, but after a few training sessions, the tape will gradually lose its adhesive power:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UJaKC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Notes&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wear protective gloves when applying the lead tape. Traces of lead, isn't something you want to accumulate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adding to much weight in the top, will dramatically influence the racket behaviour. Start by adding some to the sides. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Apparently, this technique is quite common for tennis rackets to be used. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Note&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not affiliated to the vendor mentioned in the racket review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-09-26T13:21:40.903" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T13:21:40.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3271" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3272" CreationDate="2013-09-25T06:46:55.167" Score="7" ViewCount="6083" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can see the wicket keepers always wearing inner gloves on field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HnE6A.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it permitted for a batsman to wear inner gloves while batting in&#xA;cricket?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any batsman wear them in international cricket history?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T17:47:04.177" Title="Is it allowed to wear inner gloves while batting in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|history|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3271" CreationDate="2013-09-25T09:48:08.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-d/&quot;&gt;Appendix-d&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For a batsman, items permitted are a protective helmet, external leg guards (batting pads), &lt;strong&gt;batting gloves&lt;/strong&gt; and, if visible, forearm guards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So batting gloves are permitted (as everyone know). Now inner gloves are not necessary to wear. But some batsmen and wicket keepers wear it for absorb the sweat and more grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procricketgear.com/importance-of-batting-gloves-and-wicket-keeping-gloves.php&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Many batsmen and wicket keepers opt wearing an extra thin pair of gloves called inners beneath their batting or wicket keeping gloves. This is primarily intended to absorb the sweat and perspiration. Many international cricket stars wear inners as batsmen find them helpful in gripping the bat more firmly and wicket keepers find inners useful for neatly collecting the ball behind the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is fully permitted to wear inner gloves for batsmen too. You can also search for such equipment on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&amp;amp;sclient=psy-ab&amp;amp;q=batting%20inner%20gloves&amp;amp;oq=batting%20inner%20gloves&amp;amp;gs_l=serp.3...1944458.1946487.2.1947096.12.9.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.27.serp..22.5.1619.dNtxpudsjgc&amp;amp;psj=1&amp;amp;bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&amp;amp;bvm=bv.53077864,d.bmk,pv.xjs.s.en_US.b5VD5atLOcw.O&amp;amp;biw=1280&amp;amp;bih=909&amp;amp;dpr=1&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-09-25T09:48:08.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-25T18:45:47.157" Score="12" ViewCount="1883" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory&quot;&gt;Game theory&lt;/a&gt; [interactive decision theory] is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that I know that tennis serving and football penalty shooting more-or-less stick to their game-theoretical solutions. But are there sports that &lt;em&gt;explicitly&lt;/em&gt; use game-theoretical analysis? (Or, perhaps easier to answer, are there game theorists employed or consulted by certain teams or individual players?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB: I am particularly interested in play or race strategy, &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; in acquisition strategy. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1301.Moneyball_?ac=1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moneyball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, besides being statistical, &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; game-theoretical, isn't relevant to my question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-09-25T19:17:06.250" LastActivityDate="2022-10-05T05:52:21.440" Title="Are there sports in which game theory is explicitly used?" Tags="|strategy|tactics|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3274" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-09-25T19:53:56.520" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-25T19:53:56.520" LastActivityDate="2013-09-25T19:53:56.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3275" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-09-25T19:53:56.520" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports phenomena in a mathematical and/or scientific manner. " OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-11T16:46:32.950" LastActivityDate="2013-10-11T16:46:32.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3273" CreationDate="2013-09-25T21:03:24.823" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Game theory comes into play in American football play-calling.  To simplify the game, consider that the offense can run either a running play or a passing play.  The passing play generally has potential for more yards gained, but less chance of success than a running play.  The defense, on the other hand, also chooses a play that is either focused on stopping a running play or a passing play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach calling the offensive play needs to look at the situation the team is in and balance the risk and reward for each type of play.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-form_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Normal-form game matrix&lt;/a&gt; might look something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Defense calls running&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Defense calls passing&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Offense calls running&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;0-3 yards gained&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;7+ yards gained&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Offense calls passing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;10-15+ yards gained&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;0 yards gained&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, the numbers in the matrix are just guesses based on how well the players on each team are playing, but coaches have something like this in mind when they are calling plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-10-05T05:52:21.440" LastActivityDate="2022-10-05T05:52:21.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3271" CreationDate="2013-09-26T07:20:36.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is allowed to wear inner gloves and there are some players(like Nasir Hussain, Alec Stewart and Rahul Dravid) having the habit of wearing them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See the below image,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gn41X.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It couldn't be his outer glove, since they are placed in his helmet.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1XiKR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T07:20:36.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2013" CreationDate="2013-09-26T11:10:49.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of the specifics, but I seem to remember this scenario from many years ago.  In the old Gillette cup it was 60 overs a side and there was a reserve day if the match could not be completed in one day due to the weather or bad light.  In the first round the first class counties usually played minor counties and won handsomely most of the time.  In this match the 1st class county batted first and knocked up a very substantial score.  The minor county, in reply, struggled and by the time play was halted for the day needed something like 160 to win off 5 overs with 2 wickets in hand.  Theoretically this could be done, but the minor county, being in a hopeless position, declared to effectively concede the match.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1778" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T11:10:49.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3237" CreationDate="2013-09-26T12:17:37.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where as I thought it only depends on &lt;strong&gt;your fitness as well as your performance now a days.&lt;/strong&gt; I think there is no particular parameter such as Have you played any match before or not for your team? Or What's your contract fees etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1184" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T12:17:37.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3282" CreationDate="2013-09-26T19:44:05.723" Score="6" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Normal&quot; home runs are those that leave the park, that fielders don't have a chance of catching. As a result, they are not counted in the &quot;balls in play&quot; part of BABIP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, an &quot;inside the park home run&quot; is a hit that remained in the field, was presumably &quot;fieldable,&quot; and just happened to go for four bases. Would it be excluded from the &quot;balls in play&quot; part of the BABIP calculation like the other kind of home run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-14T06:37:48.917" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T06:37:48.917" Title="How would an &quot;inside the park home run&quot; affect BABIP?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3281" CreationDate="2013-09-26T20:08:50.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the park Home Runs are not tracked separately from HR and would not be included in BABIP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither Fangraphs, Baseball-Reference nor MLB have in-the-park-homers tracked and thus do not include it in their BABIP calculations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As there are only a few each year, and the number is very small in relation to the total number of hits, at-bats and home runs, these are not really a factor in making BABIP unreliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-09-26T20:08:50.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1708" CreationDate="2013-09-28T06:34:36.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The players are given points and rankings by ICC by following basis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For a batsman, the factors are:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Runs scored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ratings of the opposing bowling attack; the higher the combined    ratings of the attack, the more value is given to the batsman’s innings (in proportion)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The level of run-scoring in the match, and the team’s innings total;    an innings of 100 runs in a match where all teams scored 500&#xA;  is worth    less than 100 runs in a match where all teams were bowled&#xA;  out for&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;And if a team scores 500 in the first innings and 200 in the second innings, a century in the second innings will get more credit    than&#xA;  in the first innings (because the general level of run scoring    was&#xA;  higher in the first innings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Out or not out (a not out innings receives a bonus)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The result. Batsmen who score highly in victories receive a bonus.    That bonus will be higher for highly rated opposition teams (i.e. win &#xA;  bonus against the current Australia team is higher than the bonus against Bangladesh.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For a bowler, the factors are:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Wickets taken and runs conceded&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ratings of the batsmen dismissed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The level of run-scoring in the match; bowling figures of 3-50 in a    high-scoring match will boost a bowler’s rating more than the same figures in a low-scoring match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Heavy workload; bowlers who bowl a large number of overs in the match    get some credit, even if they take no wickets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The result. Bowlers who take a lot of wickets in a victory receive a    bonus. That bonus will be higher for highly rated opposition&#xA;  teams    Bowlers who do not bowl in a high-scoring innings are&#xA;  penalized.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;And a few more important things are:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The players’ ratings are calculated by combining their weighted&#xA;  performance in the latest match with their previous rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players who miss a match for their country, for whatever reason,&#xA;  lose one per cent of their points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The principles behind the ODI Ratings are similar to those for the Test Ratings, with some differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need more details, visit the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/about.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;official ICC rankings page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-09-28T06:34:36.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3284" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3303" CreationDate="2013-09-28T21:08:02.933" Score="5" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;The commentators mentioned that Danyle Pearce was one of 2 Fremantle players to have previously played a grand final (being with Port Adelaide) before 2013 September 27. Who was the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:06:42.877" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:06:42.877" Title="Fremantle players to have played a grand final" Tags="|trivia|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3287" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-29T07:43:30.860" Score="5" ViewCount="499" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you jump right before the rope goes around the corner in a cable wakeboard park so you get cought by the twitch in mid-air, how do you call these tricks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found none in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wakeboarder.com/tricks/glossary.phtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;glossary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1394" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-29T17:38:01.320" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T01:51:18.723" Title="What are the names of wakeboard tricks that are performed at the corner of the cable?" Tags="|terminology|wakeboarding|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3289" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-09-29T17:38:21.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakeboarding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wakeboarding&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2023-08-23T08:35:57.630" LastActivityDate="2023-08-23T08:35:57.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3290" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-09-29T17:38:21.773" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of wakeboarding." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-29T17:38:21.773" LastActivityDate="2013-09-29T17:38:21.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3291" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-09-29T17:38:45.823" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-09-29T17:38:45.823" LastActivityDate="2013-09-29T17:38:45.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3292" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-09-29T17:38:45.823" Score="0" Body="Questions about water sports. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s)/competition(s) in question if possible." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:57:36.537" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:57:36.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2013-09-30T12:25:03.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Le_Tissier&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Matthew Le Tissier&lt;/a&gt; was well known for his penalty taking ability. This isn't a definitive &quot;he is the best&quot;, but his record of 47 out of 48 must be hard to beat!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1303" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-09-30T12:57:44.693" LastActivityDate="2013-09-30T12:57:44.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3296" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-30T13:20:53.393" Score="3" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;Henderson Alvarez of the Miami Marlins pitched a &quot;perfect game&quot; over the tops of nine innings. Going into the bottom of the ninth, the score was tied 0-0, but Miami scored a 1-0 walk-off with a wild pitch with two outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would Alvarez have gotten credit for a &quot;perfect game&quot; if the Marlins hadn't scored? After all, he did pitch nine perfect innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T19:48:51.297" Title="Would Henderson Alvarez have gotten credit for a &quot;perfect&quot; game if the score were still tied 0-0 after nine?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3296" CreationDate="2013-09-30T13:27:27.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two reason this would not be a perfect game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, he had allowed a walk, a batter also reached on an error. That means that he &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; qualifies for a No Hitter, and not a perfect game. A perfect game requires no one reach base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, a Perfecto requires that the pitcher retire every batter in the game. That means if the game goes 10 or longer, he must stay in the game in order to get credit for it being a perfect game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the no-hit bid, he would be eligible for credit on a no-hitter or combined no-hit bid in extra innings provided that he or a reliever continued to pitch no-hit ball. if a hit is allowed, even in extras the no-hitter is lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2015-05-08T19:48:51.297" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T19:48:51.297" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3138" CreationDate="2013-10-01T11:58:25.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is due to seeding - the top seeds all avoid each other in the first round, in a similar way to other sports such as Tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/23680545&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is some more info on the UEFA Champions League &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, Real Madrid &amp;amp; Barcelona are both top seeds so cannot meet in the group stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1788" LastEditorUserId="1788" LastEditDate="2013-10-01T13:51:14.160" LastActivityDate="2013-10-01T13:51:14.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-01T14:02:12.523" Score="7" ViewCount="3931" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English Football Association, or FA, fine players and managers at all levels of the game for common infractions such as yellow &amp;amp; red cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occasionally players &amp;amp; managers may be disciplined for major infractions such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19916978&quot;&gt;making inflamatory remarks on twitter&lt;/a&gt;. These fines are usually far more substantial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - &lt;strong&gt;Who benefits from these fines?&lt;/strong&gt; Do they contribute to the operating profits of the FA, or are they invested directly into grass roots sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1788" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-08T14:07:42.593" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T16:33:07.163" Title="Who benefits from Football Association Fines" Tags="|football|finances|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3302" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-01T22:09:55.910" Score="7" ViewCount="723" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for a team being awarded a penalty in consecutive soccer matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leicester City FC currently have 5 in a row, all being converted by the same person, and have 8 for the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1792" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-01T23:11:36.867" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T13:24:21.290" Title="what is the record for a team being awarded a penalty in consecutive soccer matches?" Tags="|football|history|officiating|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3284" CreationDate="2013-10-02T00:59:23.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zac Dawson, previously played 3 grand finals with St Kilda&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1793" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T00:59:23.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-02T05:34:27.343" Score="6" ViewCount="7480" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler takes more than three sequential wickets (say six wickets) in one over, would this be called as two hat-tricks or does this feat, however unlikely, has a different name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1794" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-02T11:55:59.693" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T12:24:03.263" Title="Is there any term used for multiple hat tricks?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3304" CreationDate="2013-10-02T06:53:23.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Definition of Hat-Trick by Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a bowler taking a wicket off each of &lt;strong&gt;three consecutive deliveries&lt;/strong&gt; that he bowls in a single match (whether in the same over or split up in two consecutive overs, or two overs in two different spells, or even spread across two innings of a test match or first-class cricket game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a single hat-trick means taking a wicket off each of three consecutive deliveries. So if a bowler takes six wickets in six consecutive deliveries, it will be considered as two [different] hat-tricks. There is no special name for this since no one has achieved this feat but we may say it &lt;strong&gt;double hat-trick&lt;/strong&gt;. However if a bowler takes four wickets in four consecutive deliveries it is called as &lt;strong&gt;four in four&lt;/strong&gt; but the term &lt;strong&gt;double hat-trick&lt;/strong&gt; has also been used in the media*. So there is no special term for that. Everyone refer them in their own term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-02T07:07:34.363" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T07:07:34.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-02T15:14:07.850" Score="7" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;The results on IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) are varying between mark and performance. What's the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example can be found on an athlete’s profile. Compare the “Personal Bests” or “Progression” tab with the “Honours” tab (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/jamaica/usain-bolt-184599&quot;&gt;Usain Bolt&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1797" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T15:40:37.290" Title="Difference between “mark” and “performance”" Tags="|terminology|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1236" CreationDate="2013-10-02T23:18:09.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It helps them swim faster. it not for hair. Its help b/c the water will just flow over the cap. I know because we are talking about it in science&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1798" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T23:18:09.590" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3287" CreationDate="2013-10-02T23:53:27.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are called &quot;Flyby&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a nice video:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/pfkOKwfPLF8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/pfkOKwfPLF8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to sit on the bar to withstand the pull while you fly around the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wakeforum.de/viewtopic.php?p=163211#p163211&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here a report of a german liftboy about this subject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1394" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T23:53:27.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2013-10-03T10:58:22.980" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Peter Noble of Swindon Town.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Noble&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Noble ended his career having scored every penalty he took. This&#xA;  record of 28 consecutive penalties is widely believed to be a world&#xA;  record. In 1985 a question about Noble's penalty kicks appeared in the&#xA;  first edition of the popular board game 'Trivial Pursuit'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1799" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-10-03T13:13:36.187" LastActivityDate="2013-10-03T13:13:36.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3311" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3315" CreationDate="2013-10-03T13:11:21.133" Score="10" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If No. 2 seed Rafael Nadal reaches the final, he will reclaim the No. 1 ranking regardless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extract from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2013/10/40/Beijing-Thursday-Djokovic-Querrey.aspx&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2013/10/40/Beijing-Thursday-Djokovic-Querrey.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that they both (Nadal - no.2 and Djokovic - no.1) reach the final, and that even Djokovic might win, why wouldn't he be able to retain it's top spot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tournament (China Open) started with Djokovic 1st and Nadal 2nd, and it's the only tournament they both play. From where Nadal would take his extra points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1801" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T14:49:36.673" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T14:49:36.673" Title="Why Nadal would take ATP No.1 and overstep Djokovic if he just reaches the final?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-03T14:52:34.770" Score="7" ViewCount="528" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are there two safety cars and two medical cars at every Formula 1 race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bernd Mayländer only drives one of them...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1802" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-03T16:45:33.690" LastActivityDate="2014-08-25T15:31:08.313" Title="F1 Safety Cars &amp; Medical Cars" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3312" CreationDate="2013-10-03T17:23:09.143" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Medical Cars and Safety Cars have different functions in Formula 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medical Cars&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Based around the circuit, mobile response teams include four salvage&#xA;  cars (S-cars) and two rescue cars (R-cars) as well as two extrication&#xA;  teams. The S-cars are equipped with a rescue cutter and fire&#xA;  extinguishing agents and, if necessary in an emergency, are able to&#xA;  tow a damaged car. They are manned by two experienced helpers. The&#xA;  R-cars are manned by an emergency doctor, four paramedics and a&#xA;  driver. They can reach any point on the track within 30 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/safety/medical_and_track_safety/7439.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1: Medical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Safety Cars&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The safety car comes into use during a race when the Race Director&#xA;  wants to reduce speed for safety reasons - for instance, after an&#xA;  accident or because the track is waterlogged after heavy rain.&#xA;  According to the regulations, the safety car enters the circuit&#xA;  “whenever there is an immediate hazard but the conditions do not&#xA;  require the race to be interrupted”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The safety car is on standby throughout a Grand Prix, ready to be&#xA;  dispatched by Race Control at a moment's notice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/safety/the_safety_car_and_its_driver/7429.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1: The Safety Car&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official driver of the safety car is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/safety/the_safety_car_and_its_driver/7431.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bernd Mayländer&lt;/a&gt;, and he's only in one car.  If there is a second safety car at each race, I'm sure it's only there as a backup in case of a breakdown of the primary safety car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-03T17:23:09.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3150" CreationDate="2013-10-03T19:48:52.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They likely put him on the NFI so that he could possibly return to the team if the MRSA infection clears up (as well as possible legal reasons).  Being put on IR ends your season since you cannot participate in any games (regular or post season).  The NFI is most similar to the PUP list.  This link explains how NFI and PUP are different than IR: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_unable_to_perform&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_unable_to_perform&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastEditorUserId="1376" LastEditDate="2013-10-03T19:54:52.213" LastActivityDate="2013-10-03T19:54:52.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3311" CreationDate="2013-10-03T20:07:32.797" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has to do with how rankings points are computed based on a rolling 12 months of results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is - Nadal didn't play in the China Open last year - so he's &quot;defending&quot; zero points. It means he didn't win any rankings points from the event last year. So last week, zero points expired and fell from his points total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Djokovic however, won the event last year, and got 500 rankings points because of that result. So, last week, those 500 points &quot;expired&quot; and fell off of his points total. So, even if Djokovic wins the event again, his points total will merely stay the same (or decrease if he doesn't win the title again) while Nadal can do nothing but increase his points total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is how the math of it works out - Winning the title is worth 500 points, making the final (but losing) is worth 300 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Point totals Prior to China Open:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Djokovic   11120&#xA;Nadal      10860&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Djokovic's 500 points from last year expire, Nadal was defending 0 points, so nothing expires for him:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Djokovic   10620&#xA;Nadal      10860&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Nadal reaches the final, he's earned (at least) +300 points. Let's assume Djokovic beats Nadal in the final - and reclaims the +500 points that expired:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Djokovic   11120&#xA;Nadal      11160&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, it's a slim margin (40 points) - but Nadal would have a higher point total than Djokovic at the end of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2013-10-03T20:17:08.723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-03T20:17:08.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-04T01:45:57.740" Score="8" ViewCount="21280" Body="&lt;p&gt;What exactly constitutes as a block in volleyball?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Let's say if it's an overpass by the opposing team and a blocker tips it down (with two hands) but the opposing team still returns it. Is it a block?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or even if it's not an overpass and just an attack but still if a blocker prevents it from coming on their side but the other team keeps the ball alive. Is it still a block?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1806" LastEditorUserId="1806" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T19:38:06.013" LastActivityDate="2017-02-02T20:03:28.723" Title="What is a block in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|terminology|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3299" CreationDate="2013-10-04T06:00:03.447" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fines levied on players must be collected by the Club Secretary from the player concerned and forwarded to The Football Association when requested to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1803" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T06:22:44.957" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T06:22:44.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3321" CreationDate="2013-10-04T08:50:56.733" Score="4" ViewCount="38089" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it so bad if I wash my 5 mm wetsuit in a washing machine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I perfectly know that it's not good. What I'd really like to know is: will it reduce my wetsuit life expectation from 10 years to 5 years (good for me), or from 10 years to just 1 year (bad for me)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long story:&lt;/strong&gt; for a few months, I've been doing a terrible thing: washing my wetsuit in a washing machine and then putting it in the dryer. I've done so because I've been suggested by a person that I though was an expert.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The result? My wetsuit now is no longer as adherent as it was, and now cold water enters while diving. My bad. Lesson learned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm almost sure that what damaged my wetsuit so quickly is the dryer, so I won't use it again. However, given that using a washer machine is sooo fast, comfortable, clean and hygienic, is it that bad if I continue to use it? (With cold or warm water.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that bad if I use the washer machine every week? (I do not like wearing dirty clothes.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: I do not have a room in my house where to put my wetsuit to dry far away from the sun (I do not want to wet the floor). Is it that bad if I put my wetsuit to dry in the sun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1807" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T09:27:41.423" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T18:06:08.080" Title="How bad is washing a wetsuit in a washing machine?" Tags="|equipment|maintenance|scuba-diving|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2013-10-05T17:57:16.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We used to call &quot;The neighborhood play&quot; &quot;The Phatom double&quot;. It was allowed when the runner from first was attempting a break up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1808" LastActivityDate="2013-10-05T17:57:16.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3316" CreationDate="2013-10-06T02:45:53.687" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;block&lt;/em&gt; can be both offensive and defensive. An offensive block is used when stopping an attack. A defensive block (or &lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt; block) is used when the goal is to control the ball upwards so it becomes easy to defend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1809" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T02:45:53.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3318" CreationDate="2013-10-06T02:59:27.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm uncertain about the life expectancy when washing your wetsuit in the washer but I'd say that it wouldn't be anything to worry about. In your case, it's safe to say that the dryer was   what caused the damage. Washing the wetsuit with cold water on a gentle cycle (less than average amount of soap) shouldn't cause any noticeable issues with the wetsuit. Hang it to dry somewhere (bedroom, shower, etc) but &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt; leave it in the sun to dry or dry it in the dryer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1809" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T02:59:27.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3327" CreationDate="2013-10-06T06:00:41.267" Score="6" ViewCount="5813" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just recently (5 minutes ago) watching an American football game. It was a quite important 4th down play to win the game, and the play was challenged. The cameras had absolutely ZERO view of the ball; however, the ruling on the field was a catch. So, with NO view of the ball whatsoever, the referee's call overturned the ruling on the field. Wouldn't this just be 'The ruling on the field stands'? Can the referee who called the completion come back and say it wasn't a catch and he called it wrong on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, what goes into calling a play back from a challenge/official review besides what the cameras see?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1810" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:21:03.467" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:21:03.467" Title="How much evidence has to be there to overturn an American football play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="583" CreationDate="2013-10-06T07:20:34.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reserve is like serving again(that is the player has to serve once again), the reasons can be anything like the opponent team is not ready or due to some unavoidable disturbances from the audience or you try to serve before referee gives a call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1811" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-06T11:53:05.037" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T11:53:05.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21" CreationDate="2013-10-06T22:12:22.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the exact same problem. I've tried lots of different skates and insoles. Some help a bit, none have ever fixed things completely. (very frustrating)&#xA;The best fix I've found so far is an original pair of Reebok 9K's in double E width.&#xA;I baked them twice to mold them as much as possible to my feet. I use a simple Buaer thin foot pad w/ a bit of cupping at the heel but no arch support, and I don't use socks when I play. You really have to dry them out good after each use this way, but at least I get a good 40 min to an hour w/ little discomfort. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1813" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T22:12:22.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3307" CreationDate="2013-10-07T03:48:32.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that in this context, &quot;mark&quot; and &quot;performance&quot; are two different names for the same thing, which is the athlete's actual time in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/jamaica/usain-bolt-184599&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Usain Bolt&lt;/a&gt;'s world record time in the 100 m on 16 August 2009 in Berlin, the tables show the same time (9.58 s) on the Personal Best, Progression, and Honours tabs.  The time is also shown on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/sprints/100-metres/outdoor/men/senior&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IAAF records list&lt;/a&gt;, where it is listed under the heading of &quot;mark.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T03:48:32.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3322" CreationDate="2013-10-07T04:09:40.743" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The replay official is supposed to let the ruling on the field stand unless there is &quot;indisputable video evidence&quot; that the wrong call was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4309-2013-and-2014-ncaa-football-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Football 2013 and 2014 Rules and Interpretations&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 12 (Instant Replay), Section 1, Article 2 (Philosophy):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The instant replay process operates under the fundamental assumption&#xA;  that the ruling on the field is correct. The replay official may&#xA;  reverse a ruling if and only if the video evidence convinces him&#xA;  beyond all doubt that the ruling was incorrect. Without such&#xA;  indisputable video evidence, the replay official must allow the&#xA;  ruling to stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 7, Article 1 (Criterion for Reversal):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To reverse an on-field ruling, the replay official must be convinced&#xA;  beyond all doubt by indisputable video evidence through one or more&#xA;  video replays provided to the monitor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL has similar language.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Playing Rules of the NFL 2012&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 15, Section 9 (Instant Replay):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A decision will be reversed only when the Referee has &lt;em&gt;indisputable&#xA;  visual evidence&lt;/em&gt; available to him that warrants the change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-10-07T04:22:32.617" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T04:22:32.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3251" CreationDate="2013-10-07T04:48:32.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each race can set its own rules for the number of riders on a time-trial team and the rider that will be timed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/templates/BUILTIN-NOFRAMES/Template1/layout.asp?MenuId=MTY2NjU&amp;amp;LangId=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCI rules&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20131020234436/http://www.uci.ch/templates/BUILTIN-NOFRAMES/Template1/layout.asp?MenuId=MTY2NjU&amp;amp;LangId=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;), Part II: Road Races, Chapter 5 (Team Time Trials), 2.5.001:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The number of riders per team is determined in the programme -&#xA;  technical guide - and must be at least 2 and no more than 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are six riders per team for the world championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.5.014:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The specific regulations for the event shall specify on which rider of&#xA;  a team crossing the finishing line the classification of teams will be&#xA;  timed for the finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The time will be taken on the fourth rider at the world championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-07T13:15:52.020" LastActivityDate="2016-12-07T13:15:52.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3330" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-07T21:29:15.103" Score="3" ViewCount="652" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2012-13 season of the English Premier League:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many goals were conceded from corners?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which team conceded the most from corners?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which team conceded the least from corners?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1815" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-10-09T11:58:56.947" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T11:58:56.947" Title="Goals conceded from corners in the English Premier League in season 2012/13" Tags="|football|trivia|records|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3337" CreationDate="2013-10-08T06:34:25.240" Score="1" ViewCount="304" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has anyone ever won a set in a grand slam without dropping a single point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-10-08T07:05:20.543" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T13:25:37.590" Title="Won a set without dropping a point" Tags="|history|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2013-10-08T15:28:44.833" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3332" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3333" CreationDate="2013-10-08T10:18:43.820" Score="5" ViewCount="3696" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know why Sachin's 200 not out in ODI against South Africa is not mentioned in carrying the bat record list of ODIs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3182/what-is-carry-the-bat-in-cricket&quot;&gt;a question regarding carrying the bat&lt;/a&gt; in sports beta and in one of the answer there was a link of Cricinfo of carrying bat record list of both ODI's in tests and when I looked into ODI's list I just remembered Sachin's 200 not out against SA is not there in the list though he came opening and was there till the end of 50 overs. And in ODI record list, they have mentioned saying to carry bat the through, team isn't necessary to get all out but should have played complete 50 overs by opening might be in 1st or 2nd innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody answer me for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1689" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T04:43:29.313" Title="Why is Sachin Tendulkar's 200* not considered as carrying the bat?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3332" CreationDate="2013-10-08T10:26:08.047" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3183/540&quot;&gt;the answer&lt;/a&gt; you have posted a question link:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the term is used when the innings is closed due to &lt;strong&gt;all players are out or retired out or unable to bat&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term is not used when the innings is except above reasons. E.g. declaring the innings, win the match etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283150.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo list&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carrying the bat is defined as an opener batting through the innings to remain as the not out batsman with the team all out. &lt;strong&gt;It does not apply to a team in ODIs batting the complete 50 overs with wickets still standing&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/441828.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the team is not all out&lt;/a&gt;. Just 50 overs are completed. So he is not carrying the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T04:43:29.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3334" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3338" CreationDate="2013-10-08T10:40:18.287" Score="6" ViewCount="1920" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledging_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sledging&lt;/a&gt; is used to diverse a Player's mind from his game and make him difficult to concentrate on his game which affects its performance in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sledging is used as master weapon by many international cricket teams like Australia,England and West Indies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are the charges specified against the sledging?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a specific time of ban,match fees amount or any other charges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any cricketing rules specified for sledging?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know an incident between Harbhajan–Symonds incident (Monkey-Gate).In which it was considered an offence of sledging Andrew Symonds by Harbhajan Singh in which a three match ban was proposed and then lifted out because of not having a proof but he was charged under Level 2.8 offence (abuse and insult not amounting to racism) to which he pleaded guilty and was fined 50 per cent of his match fees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In such a case What if whole team is found guilty ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;will all of them will be considered guilty and banned for playing the considered cricket matches ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who takes the amount of fine ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the money taken as fine belongs to whom the player who was sledged or the team to which the player belongs or the ICC&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-08T13:07:47.817" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T14:58:20.233" Title="What are the charges/action against sledging in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3335" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3336" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T11:40:30.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3331" CreationDate="2013-10-08T13:12:32.640" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A golden set has been seen 5 times &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_set&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;. But as to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;in a grand slam&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, it looks like only one time it has happened in Grand Slam. Yaroslava Shvedova won a golden set in 2012 Wimbledon while playing against Sara Errani &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_set#cite_note-3&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the 1. Australian Open in mid January, the 2. French Open in May/June, 3. &lt;strong&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/strong&gt; in June/July, and the 4. US Open in August/September.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above quote is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29&quot;&gt;this Wiki article&lt;/a&gt;, and offers a lot more information on the history of Grand Slams in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2013-10-08T13:25:37.590" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T13:25:37.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3334" CreationDate="2013-10-08T14:24:39.937" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sledging is essentially just trash talk to distract the opposing team/player. It's part of every competitive sport. There are no specific charges or rules for such a thing. That being said, it's commonly mistaken for poor sportsmanship, verbal abuse or personal abuse in which case its taken more seriously. It's then up to the referee to decided how severe it is and what the penalty should be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really, it's a hot topic. It's a debate that's been going on for a long time and not just in cricket itself. I think it adds some fun, playful humour and good ol' competition to the game but there is a line, and when it's crossed the ref will make the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1809" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T14:24:39.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3339" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-09T02:16:39.050" Score="2" ViewCount="953" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am undergrad in economics. I am also a race walker. I want to play in Rio Olympics 2016. But, I don't know when and which procedure is required to get to Olympic stadium. Please help. I will appreciate your suggestions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1817" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-09T04:07:46.820" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T04:07:46.820" Title="How to enter in 2016 Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2013-10-09T13:15:39.273" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3330" CreationDate="2013-10-09T09:37:40.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.statsbomb.com/2013/08/corners-goals-for-goals-conceded-from-corners-premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt; offers the information you're after. Assuming it's correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many goals were conceded from corners: 126&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which team conceded the most from corners: QPR (10)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which team conceded the least from corners: Chelsea/Norwich (3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1668" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T09:37:40.213" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1144" CreationDate="2013-10-11T12:31:53.020" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that under the following regulation, a rider who does not finish a stage &lt;strong&gt;may continue&lt;/strong&gt; in the next stage, only if the incident occurred &lt;strong&gt;in the last 3 km.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&amp;amp;id=34028&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCI Regulations Part 2: ROAD RACES&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chapter VI STAGE RACES (N)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finish&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.6.027&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a duly noted fall, puncture or mechanical incident in the last three kilometers of a road race stage, the rider or riders involved shall be credited with the time of the rider or riders in whose company they were riding at the moment of the accident. His or their placing shall be determined by the order in which he or they actually cross the finishing line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, as the result of a duly noted fall in the last three kilometers, &lt;strong&gt;a rider cannot cross the finishing line, he shall be placed last in the stage&lt;/strong&gt; and credited with the time of the rider or riders in whose company he was riding at the time of the accident.&#xA;(text modified on 1.01.05; 1.10.11; 1.02.12).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1826" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-11T12:31:53.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3350" CreationDate="2013-10-11T17:28:52.200" Score="8" ViewCount="22814" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching a New York Mets game early this season, before one plate appearance the broadcast graphics displayed that catcher John Buck had a batting average (AVG) of .400 and an on-base percentage (OBP) of .396. Several games later I saw a similar phenomenon for Buck, whose OBP was again several points lower than his AVG. (In other words, the stats presented were very likely to be actual and not an on-screen typo.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this possible? By my understanding, the two are calculated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;AVG = (hits) / (at-bats)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;OBP = (times reaching first base) / (plate appearances)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would seem to me that the conditions by which a plate appearance does not count as an at-bat would always result in the batter reaching first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could have happened to cause Buck's on-base percentage to drop below his average?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T20:51:05.457" Title="Batting average greater than on-base percentage" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3349" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-12T14:38:35.750" Score="6" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it  allowed, in badminton (mix) doubles, to use your partner to gain more height in order to perform a jump smash for example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-24T14:37:16.437" LastActivityDate="2020-01-14T11:47:21.493" Title="Use of partner for better jump smash in badminton" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3346" CreationDate="2013-10-12T19:23:53.067" Score="9" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Sacrifice Flies&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can happen because Sacrifice Flies are in the denominator of the on-base percentage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;OBP=(H+BB+HBP)/(AB+BB+HBP+SF),&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but not in the batting average&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;AVG=H/AB.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For small numbers of at-bats, it is possible (though unlikely) for a player's on-base percentage to be lower than his batting average (H/AB). This happens when a player has almost no walks or times hit by pitch, with a higher number of sacrifice flies (e.g. if a player has 2 hits in 6 at-bats plus a sacrifice fly, his batting average would be .333, but his on-base percentage would be .286). The player who experienced this phenomenon with the most number of at-bats over a full season was Ernie Bowman. In 1963, with over 125 at-bats, Bowman had a batting average of .184 and an on-base percentage of .181.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-base_percentage&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T19:23:53.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3353" CreationDate="2013-10-13T06:17:36.843" Score="7" ViewCount="890" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw some matches when batsmen were using Mongoose bats, but why don't they use them in One Day Internationals and Test matches? What difference does it make in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T21:29:00.727" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T21:29:00.727" Title="Mongoose bat, why don't we play test cricket with it?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3349" CreationDate="2013-10-13T06:25:18.057" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Presumably you mean by, say lifting your partner in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's any rule which would ban this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I doubt that it would be effective in practice as the game is so fast and you'd only know where the shuttle is going at the last second. Also, as there are only two of you on the court, you may struggle to lift your partner without dropping your racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrast this with a Rugby Lineout, where a lighter player may be surrounded by several stronger players with their hands free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dJzk3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dJzk3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastEditorUserId="1145" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-01-14T11:47:21.493" LastActivityDate="2020-01-14T11:47:21.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3351" CreationDate="2013-10-13T19:38:03.473" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated on the Mongoose &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mongoosecricket.com/bats&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We believe that when a ball gets hit, it should stay hit. That’s why&#xA;  we design our bats with two principal advantages over anything else in&#xA;  cricket: faster bat speed and bigger sweet spots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The bat’s extra power comes from increased rigidity in the blade and&#xA;  increased flexibility in the handle – so you can hit further and&#xA;  harder. Its blade is 33 per cent shorter than a conventional bat and&#xA;  the handle is 43 per cent longer. This allows increased leverage that&#xA;  makes the bat quicker and easier to manoeuvre, allowing you to select&#xA;  your shot later, or change it in a split second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bats are like a see-saw, and the MMi3, as it has a) a longer handle b) a shorter blade c) lighter as a result of a and b, means the fulcrum is moved further away from the batsman, meaning that he does not have to make as much effort to hit the ball, or the ball will go further with the same amount of power, meaning more sixes, and with T20 being the shortest form of official cricket, sixes are integral to posting an unchasable total. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason it is not used in other forms of test cricket is that it is terrible as a defensive bat. It can only really be used to slog. In test cricket, you attempt to bat as long as possible, and can you imagine trying to defend a ball that spits out of the rough with men around the batsmen? There is more chance of it hitting the handle, where you have no control on the shot. ODI cricket, while you are trying to score quickly, you also put a price on your wicket and is a balance between test and T20. 50 overs is a lot longer than you may think and if you want to have a chance you need to bat out your overs. It would be silly to use a mongoose other than the final 5 or so overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastEditorUserId="1751" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T09:42:42.460" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T09:42:42.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3355" CreationDate="2013-10-13T21:13:08.500" Score="9" ViewCount="2834" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine a very fast bowler. The ball pitches, is missed by the batsman, is missed by the wicket keeper, and flies over the boundary. How much runs/extras?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a very fast bowler. The ball doesn't pitch, is missed by all, and flies over the boundary. How much runs/extras?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus: Did either ever happen at some reasonable level? (The first might be physically impossible, but the second seems doable.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="15687" LastEditDate="2019-01-27T10:32:51.350" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T18:23:26.297" Title="Can a bowler bowl a six?" Tags="|rules|cricket|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3354" CreationDate="2013-10-14T01:07:50.453" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, it has to come off the bat to be a six. Any ball going over the boundary without hitting the bat is a four. If the ball is a full toss above waist high (at any speed other than slow) it is also a No ball. So in the situation you describe it is either four byes, five wides or four byes and one run penalty for the No ball (five runs altogether).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1566" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T10:23:13.233" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T10:23:13.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3358" CreationDate="2013-10-14T01:41:35.567" Score="5" ViewCount="1006" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry for the bad title, didn't really know how to title it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team is 4-4 on 3rd down conversions, it is a 3rd down and time expires does that count against the conversion rate? Same for end of the game... 3rd down clock runs out and there is no time left in the game, does it count against the 6 out of 6 for 3rd down conversion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this makes sense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T13:50:57.650" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T17:36:34.153" Title="If time expires does it still count against a down conversion rate?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3361" CreationDate="2013-10-14T01:45:06.873" Score="10" ViewCount="18402" Body="&lt;p&gt;As someone who knows more about European/FIBA basketball, but very little about how the NBA works, I was wondering how players currently playing for European teams (e.g. in Spain/Greece/eastern Europe) get drafted by NBA teams. They already have professional contracts with European teams, so I'm presuming the NBA team wishing to get the player has to talk to the European club and arrange some sort of transfer fee? But is this indeed the case, then how does it fit in with the draft system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This occurrence is seemingly becoming more and more common each year, with 19 European players in the NBA draft this year, a record as far as I know. An interesting example is Álex Abrines, who has apparently been &quot;drafted&quot; by Oklahoma City Thunder, but still plays actively for Barcelona Regal. What's going on here, and in similar situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:52:21.083" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T08:49:04.080" Title="How do European players get drafted into the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3356" CreationDate="2013-10-14T03:33:53.797" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A third-down conversion attempt occurs when a team runs a third-down play and either succeeds in getting the first down (or a touchdown), or fails and goes to fourth down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The clock doesn't stop a play; if the clock runs to 0, the half ends when the play is over.  So if the clock runs out before the third-down play begins, then no third-down attempt has occurred.  If the clock runs to 0 while the third-down play is taking place, then it will count as an attempt, and it will be a successful attempt if it ends in a first down or a touchdown, and a failure if it does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other thing to note about third-down efficiency statistics: If the first down is achieved as a result of a penalty, then it does not count as an attempt for statistics purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for determining third-down efficiency are defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/championships/statistics/ncaa-football-statisticians-manual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Football Statisticians' Manual&lt;/a&gt;.  From the 2013 Basic Interpretations section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THIRD-DOWN EFFICIENCY&lt;/strong&gt; — Third-down efficiency is the success a team has in converting third-down rushing or passing plays to first&#xA;  downs or touchdowns. If a first down is obtained by penalty on a&#xA;  third-down play or if a field goal is attempted on third down, the&#xA;  offensive team is not charged with an attempt in determining&#xA;  efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T17:36:34.153" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T17:36:34.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3354" CreationDate="2013-10-14T04:27:11.450" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia - Wide (cricket)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the wicket-keeper misses the ball and it travels all the way to the boundary, the batting team immediately scores five wides, similarly as if the ball had been hit to the boundary for a four on a no ball. &lt;strong&gt;If a wide ball crosses the boundary without touching the ground, only five wides (not seven) are scored - according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.5 (c)&lt;/a&gt;, a boundary six can only be scored if the ball has touched the bat.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the both conditions the batting team will be awarded &lt;strong&gt;five&lt;/strong&gt; runs as extras.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T04:27:11.450" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3357" CreationDate="2013-10-14T13:18:17.140" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;European basketball players can apply for draft, just as any other player in world (USA colleague or high school player). Most of them are already scouted by some teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All NBA teams participate in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_draft_lottery&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;draft lottery&lt;/a&gt;. There is decided in what order what team will pick players. NBA team with worst record last season has biggest chance to win rights to choose players first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When teams know what pick they have, then they focus on that talent group. If team has mid-range pick (15th, for example), they will try to estimate what group of players will be left by then. So, week before draft night training camps takes place for all players that are to be drafted, and each team focus on particular group of players. They evaluate their skills, plus and cons, scout an evaluate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the draft night, each team chooses player that they think is best from the pool of players left in the order decided by draft lottery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this time European players had same treatment as any other player. He was in training camp, teams got time to meet, see and evaluate him. If they choose to pick him, they only get exclusive rights to offer him a contract. But, if he already has good contract in Europe, he will probably not play in NBA for 3 more years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for this is that player has to buyout his existing contract. Since he is restricted to rookie minimum for first 3 years, NBA team give him enough money to buy his Euro contact. After 3 years, NBA allows bigger contracts, and that is probably the right time for Euro stars to come in NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good example of this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Miroti%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nikola Mirotić&lt;/a&gt; from Real Madrid. Bulls picked him in 2011 NBA draft (21st overall), but they will not even try to offer him any contract until 2014, when he is no longer restricted to rookie minimum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1835" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T13:18:17.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3363" CreationDate="2013-10-14T13:48:25.753" Score="3" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;In bridge, a &quot;grand slam&quot; means taking 13 tricks (out of a possible 13). A &quot;small slam&quot; means taking 12 tricks (all but one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a grand slam means a four-run homer (that clears the bases). Is there such a term as &quot;small slam&quot; (or other term) for a three-run homer (other than &quot;three run homer&quot; itself)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, a &quot;Grand Slam&quot; refers to winning all four major events (Wimbleton, plus the Australian, French and U.S. Opens)? Would a &quot;small slam&quot; refer to &quot;three out of four?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about in other sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T14:46:42.573" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T14:46:42.573" Title="Is there such a thing as a &quot;small slam&quot; in baseball (or other sports)?" Tags="|terminology|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3362" CreationDate="2013-10-14T14:12:23.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_slam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Grand Slam&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is used often in various sports to refer to a specific difficult achievement in that sport.  If I'm not mistaken, its use in contract bridge is the original use of the term.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occasionally, the term &quot;small slam&quot; is used in sports; for example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Million&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Winston Million&lt;/a&gt; prize in NASCAR, which awarded a $1 Million prize for winning three out of the four major races, which they called a small slam.  I've never heard of the term &quot;small slam&quot; being used in baseball, but I would think that it could be applied to any situation where someone is &quot;one&quot; short of achieving a grand slam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T14:12:23.517" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3366" CreationDate="2013-10-14T14:42:40.933" Score="13" ViewCount="70385" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: No one on base. 2 outs. Batter hits a homerun. However, while rounding the bases, completely misses stepping on second base. Now, I understand that being a home run, it's a dead ball, and the runner can run without liability. But say he misses second, touches third, hits home, and goes to the dugout. What happens in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T14:49:22.493" LastActivityDate="2015-03-27T22:39:28.873" Title="What happens to the runner if he misses a base after hitting a homerun?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3364" CreationDate="2013-10-14T16:10:33.247" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is governed by Rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;7.10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The runner is out on appeal when] With the ball in play, while advancing or returning to a base, he fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you miss a bag on your home run trot, you not only have to hit that bag, but you need to go back to each one and re round the bases. IIRC it is still a dead ball so there is no harm in doing so. However, generally if you miss a bag you're going to end up out because you won't know it until the appeal is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An appeal is made by either tagging the runner or the missed bag. The pitcher will throw the ball to the fielder and the fielder will tag the base. If there is confusion the fielder will need to verbally tell the umpire they are making an appeal. However, I've never seen a case where verbal communication is required. If the fielder knows to ask for the ball, the umpire has also seen the miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also related to this is MLB rule 7.12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless two are out, the status of a following runner is not affected by a preceding&#xA;  runner’s failure to touch or retouch a base. If, upon appeal, the preceding runner is the&#xA;  third out, no runners following him shall score. If such third out is the result of a force&#xA;  play, neither preceding nor following runners shall score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a little confusing, but the long and short of it is that unless there is a force play, all the runners ahead of the player who is called out score. The force plays in a bases loaded situation are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner on Third misses home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner on Second misses third&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner on First misses second&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batter misses first.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the plays that negate the entire home run if the force is a third out. Any other play will only negate the following runners if it's the third out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-10-14T16:46:53.170" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T16:46:53.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3304" CreationDate="2013-10-15T05:58:56.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Six wickets in six balls would in fact be 4 hat tricks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;1) Balls 1, 2 &amp; 3, &#xA;2) Balls 2,3 &amp; 4, &#xA;3) Balls 3,4 &amp; 5 and &#xA;4) Balls 4, 5 &amp; 6.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no term used other than &quot;hat trick&quot; for 3 consecutive wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="812" LastActivityDate="2013-10-15T05:58:56.443" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3368" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-15T12:07:46.687" Score="6" ViewCount="2179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a snowboard (Borton TWC Standard 12-13) &lt;strong&gt;157 cm&lt;/strong&gt;. I want to buy Wheelie Gig Bag (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.burton.com/default/wheelie-gig-bag/F14-10994100.html?cgid=mens-board-bags&quot;&gt;http://www.burton.com/default/wheelie-gig-bag/F14-10994100.html?cgid=mens-board-bags&lt;/a&gt;). This bag is available in sizes: 146 152 156 162 166. There is no 157 size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What size should I take and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-15T12:35:18.397" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:29:49.280" Title="How to choose snowboard bag size?" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3357" CreationDate="2013-10-15T18:37:03.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;NBA teams draft the RIGHT to sign the player. They then have to negotiate a deal with the European team the player is on in order to acquire him. Generally, a deal is able to be reached and the player moves to the NBA. It is possible that an NBA team would draft a player and then not be able to acquire him for some reason. In this case, they don't get the player but they still retain the rights to him - so if he ever did decide to play in the NBA, he would have to work with the team that drafted him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastActivityDate="2013-10-15T18:37:03.370" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3378" CreationDate="2013-10-16T11:58:17.433" Score="16" ViewCount="28834" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read somewhere that top ranked players must play every &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Masters 1000 tournament&lt;/a&gt;, meaning that they are mandatory for top players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: Suppose a top ranked player does not play one or two of the Masters 1000 series. Are there any penalties for him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1169" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T02:07:52.277" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T02:07:52.277" Title="Are Masters 1000 tournaments mandatory for top ranked players?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2358" CreationDate="2013-10-16T12:18:17.230" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the red ball swings less than the white ball it is used in test crickets. As the jersey used in ODI and T20 are color rather than white so they prefer white ball in matches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1844" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-16T12:59:43.187" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T12:59:43.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3376" CreationDate="2013-10-16T12:52:58.710" Score="2" ViewCount="826" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strikes have always been tallied for a batter. Since the era of &quot;pitch counts,&quot; they have been counted for a pitcher also, to estimate his efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that any pitch in the &quot;strike zone&quot; (over the plate, between the shoulders and the knees), counts as a strike for the pitcher, whether it actually is, is put into play, or is fouled by the batter for &quot;no third strike.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose a pitcher throws a pitch that is objectively a ball (outside of the strike zone). Except that the batter swings with one of the following results: 1) puts the ball in play, 2) swings and misses or fouls for a strike 3) swings for a foul, no &quot;third strike.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this pitch counted as a strike under any or all of the above three scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-10-16T21:36:00.413" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T21:36:00.413" Title="How are &quot;strikes&quot; defined for a pitcher?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="774" CreationDate="2013-10-16T12:56:39.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most batters have trouble hitting &quot;inside.&quot; (That is between themselves and the plate, meaning from the left side of the plate for a right-handed batter, and the right side for a left-hander.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most pitchers prefer to pitch &quot;inside.&quot; In theory, right handed pitchers have trouble pitching to left handed batters (and vice-versa), because the right-handed pitcher's &quot;inside&quot; is the left-handed batter's &quot;outside.&quot; Left handed pitchers get to pitch &quot;inside&quot; to left handed batters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One exception to this rule is Jose Bautista, of the Toronto Blue Jays, whose forte is hitting inside (and is weaker outside). Left handed pitchers do better against him because their inside is his outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T14:21:48.723" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T14:21:48.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3374" CreationDate="2013-10-16T13:02:52.670" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pitcher is credited with a strike in the following circumstances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A called strike&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any pitch where the batter makes contact&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher is credited with a ball in the following circumstances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A called ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A HBP&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's basically it, those are the four scenarios for a pitch, it's called a ball, it's called a strike, it's contacted by the batter and it hits the batter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T13:02:52.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-16T14:39:03.807" Score="12" ViewCount="1035" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the pros/cons of backhand serve in squash, in comparison to &quot;regular&quot; underhand serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:20:11.087" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:20:11.087" Title="Pros and cons of backhand serve in squash" Tags="|technique|squash|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3372" CreationDate="2013-10-16T15:04:34.250" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any player that is in the Top 30 in the ATP Rankings from the previous year is considered a Commitment Player for the current year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 ATP Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, I. ATP Circuit Regulations, 1.07 C:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Commitment Player&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;A 2013 ATP commitment player is any player&#xA;positioned in the Top 30 in the ATP 2012  Rankings (singles) as of&#xA;November 5, 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commitment for a commitment player is described in section D.  Essentially, the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals is required, if accepted; 8 of the 9 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments are required (all except Monte Carlo), and 4 of the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments are required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.07 D:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Commitment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The commitment for the commitment player is, the singles&#xA;event of all ATP World Tour  Masters 1000 tournaments for which he is&#xA;accepted, the Barclays ATP World Tour  Finals (if qualified as a&#xA;direct acceptance or designated as the alternate) and four (4)  ATP&#xA;World Tour 500 tournaments, one (1) of which must be held following&#xA;the US  Open. For commitment and ranking purposes, the Monte Carlo&#xA;Masters 1000 will be  included in the minimum requirements for the 500&#xA;category. 2013 Davis Cup points  may be counted as one (1) of the best&#xA;of six (6) in the Emirates ATP Rankings, how-ever, it shall not count&#xA;towards the commitment requirement of a commitment player.  See page&#xA;184 “Ranking Penalty.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player can get the number of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 commitment tournaments reduced by meeting certain milestones, based on longevity in the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.08:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.08 Reduction of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 Commitment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;A.&lt;/strong&gt; A player’s number of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 commitment tournaments shall  be&#xA;reduced by one (1) tournament for reaching each of the following&#xA;milestones:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;1)&lt;/strong&gt; 600 matches (as of 1 January of the commitment year);&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;2)&lt;/strong&gt; 12 years of service;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;3)&lt;/strong&gt; 31 years of age (as of 1 January of the&#xA;commitment year).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If all three (3) conditions are met then the player&#xA;has a complete exemption from the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 player&#xA;commitment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B.&lt;/strong&gt; A player who is eligible for a reduction of his ATP World Tour&#xA;Masters 1000 commitment tournaments must be in good standing with the&#xA;ATP in order to receive a reduction of required ATP World Tour&#xA;Masters 1000 commitment tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player skips the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals without a valid excuse, they are no longer considered in good standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.09 A:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.09 Unsatisfied Player Commitment Penalties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;A. Failure To Participate in the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1)If a player qualified for the&#xA;Barclays ATP World Tour Finals as a direct acceptance or designated&#xA;as the alternate, fails or refuses to participate in this event,&#xA;except  for bona fide injury or other reason which constitutes good&#xA;cause, the player shall  not be in good standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This section of the rule book does not specify a penalty for skipping other commitment tournaments.  The Rankings section of the rulebook reveals the penalty.  If the other commitment tournaments are skipped, they are counted against the player for ranking purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IX. Emirates ATP Rankings, 9.03 Emirates ATP Rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. Commitment Players.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The year-end Emirates ATP Rankings is based on&#xA;calculating, for each player, his total points from the four (4) Grand&#xA;Slams, the eight (8)  mandatory ATP World Tour Masters 1000&#xA;tournaments and the Barclays ATP World  Tour Finals of the ranking&#xA;period, and his best six (6) results from all ATP World Tour  500, ATP&#xA;World Tour 250, ATP Challenger Tour and Futures tournaments. For every&#xA;Grand Slam or mandatory ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournament for&#xA;which a  player is not in the main draw, and was not (and, in the case&#xA;of a Grand Slam, would  not have been, had he and all other players&#xA;entered) a main draw direct acceptance  on the original acceptance&#xA;list, and never became a main draw direct acceptance,  the number of&#xA;his results from all other eligible tournaments in the ranking period,&#xA;that  count for his ranking, is increased by one (1). In weeks where&#xA;there are not four (4)  Grand Slams and eight (8) ATP World Tour&#xA;Masters 1000 tournaments in the ranking  period, the number of a&#xA;player’s best results from all eligible tournaments in the ranking&#xA;period will be adjusted accordingly. Once a player is accepted in the&#xA;main draw  of one of these twelve (12) tournaments, as a direct&#xA;acceptance, a qualifier, a special  exempt or a lucky loser, or having&#xA;accepted a wild card, his result in this tournament  shall count for&#xA;his ranking, whether or not he participates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T16:30:45.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3379" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3382" CreationDate="2013-10-16T15:45:05.277" Score="5" ViewCount="1045" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just heard that for example knees to the head are not allowed to a grounded opponent in MMA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it mean he is lying on the ground or does he has to be on the ground with both legs and both hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1845" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T19:47:52.957" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T19:47:52.957" Title="What is a grounded opponent?" Tags="|rules|terminology|mma|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3380" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-10-16T15:47:03.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of mixed martial arts (MMA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mixed martial arts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T20:02:16.347" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T20:02:16.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3381" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-10-16T15:47:03.640" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of mixed martial arts (MMA)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-10-16T16:14:26.277" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T16:14:26.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3379" CreationDate="2013-10-16T16:25:03.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fighter is grounded anytime they have more than just the soles of their feet on the ground.  If they have so much as a finger or a shin on the ground, they are grounded.  Also, if they are leaning on the cage fence, and would be on the ground if it weren't for the cage holding them up, they are also considered grounded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the Association of Boxing Commissions &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abcboxing.com/unified_mma_rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unified Rules of MMA&lt;/a&gt;, Fouls section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;16.Kicking the head of a grounded opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A grounded opponent is any fighter who has more than just the soles of&#xA;their feet on the ground. (i.e. could have one shin or one finger down&#xA;to be considered a downed fighter) If the referee determines that a&#xA;fighter would be a grounded fighter but is not solely because the ring&#xA;ropes or cage fence has held fighter from the ground, the referee can&#xA;instruct the combatants that he is treating the fighter held up solely&#xA;by the cage or ropes as a grounded fighter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.Kneeing the Head of a grounded opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A grounded opponent is any fighter who has more than just the soles of&#xA;their feet on the ground. If the referee determines that a fighter&#xA;would be a grounded fighter but is not solely because the ring ropes&#xA;or cage fence has held fighter from the ground, the referee can&#xA;instruct the combatants that he is treating the fighter held up solely&#xA;by the cage or ropes as a grounded fighter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.Stomping of a grounded fighter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stomping is considered any type of striking action with the feet where&#xA;the fighter lifts their leg up bending their leg at the knee and&#xA;initiating a striking action with the bottom of their foot or heel .&#xA;(Note) Axe kicks are not stomps. Standing foot stops are NOT a foul.&#xA;As such, this foul does not include stomping the feet of a standing&#xA;fighter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule has seen some abuse, as fighters would often put a hand to the ground as a strike was coming in an attempt to draw a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2013 ABC Convention addressed this, and issued a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abcboxing.com/Touchdown_MMA_Document.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Touching Down&amp;quot; rule statement&lt;/a&gt; that suggested a change be made to the rules to allow the referee to consider a fighter still standing in this case, and/or penalize them for timidity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referees should instruct the fighters that they may still be&#xA;considered a  standing fighter even if they have a finger or portion&#xA;of the hand (or entire  hand) on the canvas. In the discretion of the&#xA;referee, a fighter who has a  finger or hand on the canvas may still&#xA;be legally struck in the head with  knees and kicks. The referee may&#xA;decide that the downed fighter is placing  his or her finger or hand&#xA;down without doing so for an offensive or  countering maneuver in an&#xA;attempt to advance or improve their position. The  referee may decide&#xA;that the downed fighter is instead simply trying to draw a  foul. If&#xA;the referee decides that the fighter is &amp;quot;touching down&amp;quot; simply to&#xA;benefit from a foul, the referee may consider that fighter a standing&#xA;fighter  and decide that no foul has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, a&#xA;referee may penalize, via warning or point deduction, the  offending&#xA;fighter for timidity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T16:31:54.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3383" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3384" CreationDate="2013-10-16T17:10:50.480" Score="4" ViewCount="3959" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL allows one player per team per year to be placed on the IR and be marked as designated to return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the return process look like?  How long must they be on IR, and how soon must they be activated?  What are they allowed to do while still on IR (ie &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.detroitlions.com/news/lions-insider/article-1/PRACTICE-REPORT-Calvin-Johnson-on-the-field-early-in-the-week/59ac4cef-89f2-41a1-9606-9391a84632c7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;practice&lt;/a&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-26T15:57:47.167" LastActivityDate="2021-05-26T15:57:47.167" Title="Activating a player from Injured Reserve/Designated To Return" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3383" CreationDate="2013-10-16T17:19:22.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, there is IR (Injury Reserve) and IR/Designated for Return. This new IR/Designated for Return was created in 2012 to allow a team to put one player on IR that is eligible to come back during the season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team can put a player on the IR/Designated for Return list only if...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player was on the team's final 53-man preseason roster&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player's injury will prevent him from practicing or playing football for an estimated 6 weeks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player then will be allowed to practice with the team after &lt;strong&gt;6 weeks&lt;/strong&gt; and can be activated after &lt;strong&gt;8 weeks&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When activated, the team must make room for him on the 53 man roster. This can be done by trading or waiving a current rostered player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wcfcourier.com/sports/football/nfl-changes-rule-for-players-on-ir/article_19dcb07c-f329-11e1-ba45-0019bb2963f4.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-10-16T17:27:31.550" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T17:27:31.550" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3299" CreationDate="2013-10-16T18:01:23.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the FA's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/~/media/Files/PDF/the-fa-2013-14/fa-report-financial-2012.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Report and Financial Statements 2012&lt;/a&gt;, on page 18, the 2012 &quot;Other Income&quot; line item on their income statement in the amount of £18 million, includes the disciplinary fines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other income of £18m (2011: £8m) includes income  from tournaments, FA&#xA;  Learning courses, disciplinary  fines, and englandfans membership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the fine money is added to the income statement of the FA.  The line item is not broken out further than that on this statement, so I don't know how much of that £18 million is fines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 24, the report lists a total of £14.9 million in charitable donations by the FA for 2012.  I don't know if the two are related, but it is likely that the FA pays out more in charitable donations than it takes in with disciplinary fines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T18:01:23.033" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="341" CreationDate="2013-10-16T22:59:37.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gridiron is American slang for the now obsolete field markings every five yards in both directions.  This &quot;gridiron&quot; pattern made refereeing simpler when different rules existed for passing, kicking, and first downs.  Gridiron was a simple one word designation to differentiate American football from the other two versions of the game back in the late 19th century;  association football (soccer) and rugby football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before forward passing was introduced (1906), 19th century Gridiron or American football rules allowed a punting team to recover its own punt, hence it was an often used tactic to gain ground, as it is today in rugby. Also drop kick goals were more prevalent and scored relatively more compared to &quot;touchdowns&quot; . Field goals/drop kicks were 5 pts same as touchdowns until 1904. They were also easier because the ball was shaped with rounded ends similar to current rugby ball. Both of these situations generated much more use of the foot/kicking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/rfsc/RuleChanges.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/rfsc/RuleChanges.txt&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football#Rules_standardization_.281873.E2.80.931880.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_football#Rules_standardization_.281873.E2.80.931880.29&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1848" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T22:59:37.160" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3390" CreationDate="2013-10-17T05:37:18.843" Score="13" ViewCount="53668" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that on the NHL website, starting from this year, there are not only standings in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=20132014&amp;amp;type=LEA&quot;&gt;league&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=20132014&amp;amp;type=CON&quot;&gt;conferences&lt;/a&gt; and&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=20132014&amp;amp;type=DIV&quot;&gt;divisions&lt;/a&gt; (which used to be there last year, too), but also some kind of ranking which is called &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=20132014&amp;amp;type=WC&quot;&gt;wild card&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are this standings for? How are teams divided there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-17T13:08:25.960" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T11:35:05.813" Title="What are wild card standings in NHL?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3389" CreationDate="2013-10-17T14:18:25.897" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the realignment, the league now consists of 2 conferences with 2 divisions in each conference. NHL playoffs consist of 16 teams fighting for the last two spots to compete in the Stanley Cup Final&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the new playoff structure works is as follows...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The top three teams in each division will make-up the first 12 teams in the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The remaining 4 teams (Adding up to 16 teams) will be made up by the next two highest-placed finishers in each conference. Two teams per conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the the 2 wild card spots in the Eastern Conference can consist of one of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two teams from the Atlantic Division&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two teams from the Metropolitan Division&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One team from the Atlantic and one team from the Metropolitan. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the seeding now works is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The division winner with the most points in the conference will be matched against the wild-card team with the fewest points&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The division winner with the second-most points in the conference will play the wild-card team with the second fewest points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Here's an example&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the picture below showing the current standings of the Eastern Conference, you can see that the top 2 rows consist of 3 teams for each division. If the season ended today, these 6 teams (3 from the Atlantic Division and 3 from the Metropolitan Division) will make the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the third row, you see a list of every other team in the conference. The top 2 teams in this list are &quot;Wild Card&quot; teams and will also make the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The playoff seedings would look like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;#1 Toronto vs. #8 Boston&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Boston is the wild card team with the least amount of points and will face the team with the most points in the conference which is Toronto)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;#2 Pittsburg vs. #7 Tampa Bay&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Tampa Bay is the wild card team with the most amount of points and will face the team with the 2nd most points in the conference)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ru2rF.png&quot; alt=&quot;NHL Standings&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=685005&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-10-17T14:59:09.000" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T14:59:09.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1850" CreationDate="2013-10-17T16:59:59.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the new rule number of bouncers allowed  for  an over is 2,and any bowler who bowls more than these he wont be allowed to bowl for the current(ongoing) entire match,the other bowler will replace him and try to complete the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above the shoulder is termed as bouncer,however umpire also decide whether to declare the bouncer as wide or not depending upon the height of the ball,the umpire call the bouncer as wide if it is above the height of head&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the no of bouncers allowed in different formats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2-ODI's&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2-Test&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1-T20's&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1811" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T16:59:59.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3271" CreationDate="2013-10-17T17:47:04.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is allowed for a player to wear the inner gloves, however there is no restriction in terms of wearing inner gloves while batting,wicket keeping, but the fielding team(except wicket keeper ) is not allowed to wear the inner gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1811" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T17:47:04.177" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1614" CreationDate="2013-10-18T01:42:57.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why not using a well-know ranking system such as Elo to be fair? I know this website implement it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tt.laddera.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tt.laddera.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It evaluates players skill based on Elo rating system but you can customize your ladder to fit your need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1852" LastActivityDate="2013-10-18T01:42:57.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3437" CreationDate="2013-10-18T12:37:08.793" Score="7" ViewCount="12486" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my younger years, I've seen this wonderful movie called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090685/&quot;&gt;Back to School&lt;/a&gt;. There &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001098/?ref_=tt_cl_t1&quot;&gt;Rodney Dangerfield&lt;/a&gt; alias &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0019596/?ref_=tt_cl_t1&quot;&gt;Thornton Melon&lt;/a&gt; performs the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDMMYT3vkTk&quot;&gt;Triple Lindy&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=rDMMYT3vkTk#t=69&quot;&gt;1'09''&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anybody ever seen a &quot;Triple Lindy&quot; being performed in real life or has a reference to an occurrence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-18T16:15:13.140" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T21:05:08.443" Title="Back to School; Triple Lindy" Tags="|trivia|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2013-10-18T12:53:21.700" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickie_Lambert&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rickie Lambert&lt;/a&gt; converted all of his 34 penalties for Southampton FC. (Although he missed some penalty kicks in some of his previous clubs. And after transfer from Southampton to Liverpool he did not convert his first penalty in a friendly against AC Milan.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickie_Lambert#Penalty_record&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; which provides some further references. (Link to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rickie_Lambert&amp;amp;oldid=683328080#Penalty_record&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1913517.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Masters from the penalty spot&lt;/a&gt;; article on the UEFA website. (17 August 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1913517.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daily Mail article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2396552/Rickie-Lambert-preserves-perfect-penalty-record-Southampton-Premier-League-win-West-Bromwich.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Right from the Le Tissier school! Lambert is Southampton's new penalty king as textbook spot-kick at West Brom preserves flawless record of 32 goals from 32&lt;/a&gt; (19 August 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2396552/Rickie-Lambert-preserves-perfect-penalty-record-Southampton-Premier-League-win-West-Bromwich.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daily Mail article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2714579/Rickie-Lamberts-long-standing-penalty-scoring-record-comes-end-Liverpool-striker-sees-spot-kick-saved-Milan-friendly.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rickie Lambert's long-standing penalty scoring record comes to an end as Liverpool striker sees spot-kick saved in Milan friendly&lt;/a&gt; which includes list of his penalties. (3 August 2014, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2714579/Rickie-Lamberts-long-standing-penalty-scoring-record-comes-end-Liverpool-striker-sees-spot-kick-saved-Milan-friendly.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on his &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/players/rickie-lambert/50849/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;statistics on soccerway&lt;/a&gt;, he scored penalty goals for Southampton in the following competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Premier League: 3 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/national/england/premier-league/20122013/regular-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012/13&lt;/a&gt;, 3 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/national/england/premier-league/20132014/regular-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013/14&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Championship: 9 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/national/england/championship/2011-2012/regular-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011/12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;League One: 8 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/national/england/league-one/2010-2011/regular-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010/11&lt;/a&gt;, 8 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/national/england/league-one/2009-2010/regular-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009/10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Football_League_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009-10 Football League Trophy&lt;/a&gt;: in penalty shootout &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8284894.stm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;against Torquay&lt;/a&gt;, and in the final &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2010/03/28/england/football-league-trophy/carlisle-united-fc/southampton-fc/912434/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;against Carlisle United&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth mentioning that only the last 6 penalties in this series were in Premier League, previously he played in lower competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This only adds up to 33 penalties. I am not sure where the discrepancy from the sources saying that he scored 34 penalties comes from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T11:14:36.520" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T11:14:36.520" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2013-10-19T05:41:14.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Albanian &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledio_Pano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ledio Pano&lt;/a&gt; has perfect record scoring over 50 penalties for various teams in Greece and Albania.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1913517.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Masters from the penalty spot&lt;/a&gt;; article on the UEFA website&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/oct/02/highest-capped-player-the-knowledge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Which highest-capped player has the fewest caps? Plus: Perfect penalty takers&lt;/a&gt;, The Guardian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T05:41:14.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3400" CreationDate="2013-10-19T07:38:43.713" Score="5" ViewCount="2571" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard there are some countries in Cricket which are called as Associate countries (or members) So what is Associate member in Cricket? What criteria do they have to maintain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-21T17:19:12.013" LastActivityDate="2013-10-21T17:19:12.013" Title="What is Associate Member in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3399" CreationDate="2013-10-19T07:38:43.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/96/icc-members/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;icc-cricket.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Associate Members:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Associate Members are the governing bodies for cricket of a country recognised by the ICC, or countries associated for cricket purposes, or a geographical area, &lt;strong&gt;which does not qualify as a Full Member, but where cricket is firmly established and organised&lt;/strong&gt; (37 Members)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An associate member must maintain the following criteria along with other administration requirements of the national governing body:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have a minimum of 16 senior teams and 16 junior teams playing in a structured competition or competitions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Must have access to at least 8 cricket grounds, 4 of which must have a permanent pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for why they do not qualify as a Full Member is that they are non-Test-playing nations. Associates are eligible to play in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_World_Cricket_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC World Cricket League&lt;/a&gt;. Top 6 associate members of league are awarded ODI and T20I status and are allowed to play against the Full Members.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/51d02747e966a-ICC%20Member%20Countries%202013-2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Member Countries 2013/2014&lt;sup&gt; PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Footnotes:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source&lt;/strong&gt;: 1. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Cricket_Council_members&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; 2. &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_4AB60894B0CC0DED2CA2699734E48586_1343127522373_532.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Associate Membership Criteria &amp;amp; Guidelines (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-19T07:56:19.963" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T07:56:19.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3402" CreationDate="2013-10-19T07:58:50.300" Score="5" ViewCount="831" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is Affiliate Member in Cricket? What criteria do they have to maintain? How can they considered as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3399/540&quot;&gt;Associate Member&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-10-21T13:28:28.297" Title="What is Affiliate Member in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3401" CreationDate="2013-10-19T07:58:50.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/96/icc-members/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;icc-cricket.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Affiliate Members:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Affiliate Members are the governing bodies for cricket of a country recognised by ICC, or countries associated for cricket purposes, or a geographical area &lt;strong&gt;(which is not part of one of those already constituted as a Full Member or Associate Member) where the ICC recognises that cricket is played in accordance with the Laws of Cricket&lt;/strong&gt; (59 Members).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An affiliate member must maintain the following criteria along with other administration requirements of the national governing body:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have a minimum of 8 senior teams and 4 junior teams playing in a structured competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Must have access to at least 2 cricket grounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Must be capable of raising in excess of $2,500 each year in income from sources other than the ICC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order for an affiliate member to be considered for becoming to an associate member the national governing body must demonstrate that it has met the criteria for associate membership and must have also met the following playing standards within the last three years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Competed in all relevant Global or Regional ICC international cricket competition for past 3 years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ranked 1st, 2nd or 3rd highest affiliate in the region and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Have achieved &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 wins against any associate nation in 50 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Twice been highly competitive against one of the top 20 associate nations in 50 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Once beaten an associate member and once been competitive against one of the top 20 associates in 50 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 wins against any associate nation in 20 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 times been highly competitive against one of the top 20 associate nations in 20 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Twice beaten an associate member and once been highly competitive against one of the top 20 associates in 20 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Once beaten an associate member and twice been highly competitive against one of the top 20 associates in 20 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 results in ICC global or regional events with results that include any mix of wins against associate members and/or highly competitive results against one of the top 20 associate members from 50 over and/or 20 over matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/51d02747e966a-ICC%20Member%20Countries%202013-2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Member Countries 2013/2014&lt;sup&gt; PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Footnotes:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. Highly competitive (50 over)&lt;/strong&gt; = lost by 2 wickets or less, lost by 30 runs or less, or official tournament/match referee and/or umpires joint assessment, in writing, &#xA;that match was well and truly in the balance with 10 overs or less remaining &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;strong&gt;B. Highly competitive (20 over)&lt;/strong&gt; = lost by 2 wickets or less, lost by 15 runs or less, or official tournament/match referee and/or umpires joint assessment, in writing, &#xA;that match was well and truly in the balance with 4 overs or less remaining &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source&lt;/strong&gt;: 1. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Cricket_Council_members&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; 2. &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_4AB60894B0CC0DED2CA2699734E48586_1343127522373_532.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Associate Membership Criteria &amp;amp; Guidelines (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T07:58:50.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3403" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-19T08:02:30.107" Score="9" ViewCount="62860" Body="&lt;p&gt;Calculating the distance of the six hit by the batsmen is a new trend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd searched for longest six of cricket, some said it's from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPCgWL4a4lM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shahid Afridi&lt;/a&gt;, some said, it's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwM6u3Wo9fo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MSD&lt;/a&gt; and some saying &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrjbLsSM4JU&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yuvi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the longest six in International cricket matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ie, Domestic matches like IPL is not a matter here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this question is based on stats and could be modified in future, an answer with link will be better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-10-22T18:41:35.040" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T20:27:02.720" Title="What is the longest six in cricket history?" Tags="|cricket|history|trivia|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3403" CreationDate="2013-10-19T12:49:21.487" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;YouTube is notoriously unreliable when it comes to records claims, so I am answering this question with a &lt;em&gt;candidate&lt;/em&gt; for the longest six in international cricket that at least has a somewhat more reliable reference. I am not claiming this is the record holder.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Mark Waugh from Daniel Vettori, 1997&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63770.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Test no. 1386&lt;/a&gt; | 1997/98 season&#xA;Played at Western Australia Cricket Association Ground, Perth&#xA;20,21,22,23 November 1997 (5-day match)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Under the Perth floodlights, which were switched on after tea, the first such use in Tests, he on-drove Vettori more than 130 yards [119 meters] on to the roof of the five-tier Lillee-Marsh Stand, a shot many locals believed to be the biggest six at the WACA ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153358.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wisden&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He proceeded to score 86, including a lofted drive from Daniel Vettori onto the roof of the Lillee-Marsh Stand. The ball travelled approximately 130 m, one of the longest sixes in history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Waugh#1996_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/Mut3hDds-gY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt; footage of the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wPwua.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorDisplayName="user1564" LastEditDate="2013-10-19T18:25:12.347" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T18:25:12.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1614" CreationDate="2013-10-19T15:59:58.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand it, maybe it's good but as you explain it (even with examples) it's too convoluted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why do you have fixed points in some occasions and % points in others? It would make much sense instead to have always a theoretical % in all cases, with some caps (like always %, but no more than 20 total).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 3.a and 3.c both players gain points, while in 3.b W wins points and L loses points? Did I get it right?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there some cap on how many matches can a player play? Otherwise I can just play, like, all day, and farm up points. Similarily you should somehow bar two players from playing against each other too many times (not banning it, but giving a negative feedback such as reduced points).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm totally unconvinced (disclaimer: I hate ELO-like systems anyway), and I'd suggest you to completely switch to a system which I cosider fairer and that's objectively simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;keep track of all &quot;pairs&quot; of player, i.e. make a table with all players in rows and columns&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;every time W beats L, W gets &quot;one point against L&quot; (Andy beats Beatrix, so the &lt;em&gt;virtual match&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Andy vs. Beatrix&quot; is &quot;1-0&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;everyone is required to play at least twice against everyone else (if this isn't practical, workarounds can be designed)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;at the end of the competition, consider each pair of players as a &lt;em&gt;virtual match&lt;/em&gt;, and assign them points based on that (2 points for win, 1 for draw, 0 for loss)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T15:59:58.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2335" CreationDate="2013-10-20T08:29:56.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think a big factor is also profit. If I own a team's jersey, the likelihood of me buying their jersey again is slim, unless there is a redesign or a special edition jersey. This aesthetic is a definite incentive to boost jersey sales and entice people who've purchased their favourite team's jersey to go pick up a new one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1857" LastActivityDate="2013-10-20T08:29:56.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2062" CreationDate="2013-10-21T00:01:47.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a good player with fantastic dribbling,the one thing that helps me is being happy and having fun while I play in other word being relaxed, if you think too much during a game you become nervous and make terrible mistakes, I once played in a match where I dribbled past 5 defenders with ease before setting up a goal that same me also played in another match where a pass was played to me and I kicked the ball to the opposition instead of trapping it, the key in soccer is to always try to be happy and relaxed, when you are relaxed you have more time to think and make proper descisions that could lead to goals heck. You can even decide to dribble a few people along the way. Hope this helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-10-21T01:13:18.410" LastActivityDate="2013-10-21T01:13:18.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-22T17:58:06.560" Score="24" ViewCount="17432" Body="&lt;p&gt;Promotion/relegation is a competition format that is often used in many countries for professional leagues as a way to have many teams participate and yet not dilute the top level of play, by only allowing the best teams to play in the highest division while leaving a path to the top open for lower teams, should they improve enough to reach it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in England, there are thousands of football (soccer) teams, in varying divisions from the Premier League (top 20) all the way down to &quot;amateur&quot; level. However, even teams at the lowest division could theoretically one day play in the Premier League if they were to be successful enough to reach that level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to the size of the United States, it seems like this format would have been ideal here to allow teams to exist all over the country. Yet it seems like this kind of format has never been used for professional sports in the United States. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:41:02.500" LastActivityDate="2021-06-24T01:57:29.610" Title="Why don't any USA professional leagues use promotion/relegation?" Tags="|history|tournaments|promotions|relegations|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="77" CreationDate="2013-10-22T20:45:16.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good defender is able to join the attack when his team has the ball and then retreat to his defensive position when they don't. This allows them to participate in offense and have chances to score goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often when a defender goes forward, a midfielder will drop back to cover his exposed position. Besides giving the opponent a new threat to worry about, it also allows players to conserve their energy as they can &quot;take turns&quot; going forward, which can be important since most players who start the game never get a break, aside from half time. Alternatively, the entire defense may shift in one direction to cover up for a defender who has gone forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in other answers, defenders can also be important for set pieces. These situations make it easier for them to get back in position if the attack fails, because the ball usually either goes out of bounds, or the opposing team has so many players inside their own box that it is difficult for them to counter-attack quickly. Either way, it gives them time to get back into position so it is not a big risk to have them attacking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastActivityDate="2013-10-22T20:45:16.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2013-10-23T23:46:46.923" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lots of reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, and primarily, there are a lot of sports, and sports teams, competing for spectators' attention in the U.S., and the subsequent ad dollars for TV airtime, stadium naming rights, on-field logos, etc. I realize there are other sports besides soccer in Europe, but the gap in overall popularity between association football and basketball or handball in Europe is much wider than the one between the big three team sports in the U.S. &#xA;There are also more teams in each top-tier sports league in the U.S. than in the English Premiere League (or anywhere else in UEFA), with 32 NFL teams, and 30 teams each in the NBA, NHL and MLB. More teams means more games means more airtime needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, and just as important, is risk/reward for the players. Gridiron football is a violent, dangerous sport, and to be picked in the NFL Draft says as much about your ability to avoid injury as it does for your skill. Despite this, ejections are relatively uncommon in gridiron football, so it's an exceptional case when a player is called to answer for causing injury to an opponent. The result is that, by the time a football player is drafted into the NFL, they may already be at the halfway point of their career in terms of the wear and tear on their bodies, which will stay with them the rest of their lives. There simply isn't enough reward inherent in playing the game at anything less then the premiere professional level to justify the risks the game presents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Association football, in contrast, is technically a non-contact sport; aggressive actions made towards opposing players are penalized. As a result, injuries in soccer, though they do happen, tend to be more minor, and players who deliberately injure opponents are held to account for those actions more frequently. That allows soccer players to have careers spanning decades, rather than the average of about 10 years that you see for NFL players other than QBs and kickers. Now, this emphasis on injury being against the spirit of the game is seen in other U.S. sports, even hockey in more recent times, and you do see longer careers in those leagues, with basketball and baseball players continuing to dress for games into their 40s. However, the mentality of &quot;move up or move aside&quot; is still prevalent as players grow up through the school leagues; if you don't end up playing for the pros, there's not much money or opportunity continuing to play past your college years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which leads to the next reason; in the U.S., the player, not the team, is regarded as being mobile. The sports that do have notable minor leagues in the U.S., being baseball and hockey, typically have teams in various tiers that are either owned outright by one franchise or have partnership agreements. That's in addition to the prevalence of college sports teams in the U.S. (and by the by, if you want to see a loyal sports fan on the level of European soccer fans, don't look at the pros; look at college grads cheering their alma mater). The net result is that the player &quot;grows up&quot; through a series of teams, hopefully developing into a player that can compete in the premiere leagues, and the job of all the lower leagues is to help the player with that development, &lt;em&gt;then let him go&lt;/em&gt;. In Europe, it's not just the player but the team that is mobile in the overall structure of the league. They player still grows, still develops, but the team that helped him do that is much more willing to try to hang on to him if they can, because this star striker or forward midfielder could be the ticket to a league championship and promotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We still haven't gotten exactly to why the U.S. hasn't bought into that same mentality, though, and the next reason is the one I think is most important; geographical coverage. The U.S, without Alaska (no professional sports teams in that state to speak of), is about the same size as all of non-Nordic Europe combined. That means that maintaining a national fan base for a sports league in the U.S. requires paying very careful attention to the geographic dispersal of your teams. In England, you'll notice the EPL teams are concentrated in the London metro and the Manchester/Merseyside area, with Birmingham growing up as a third center for English football. That's mainly happened through promotion and relegation; teams in urban centers have more spectators, get more ticket and ad revenues, can afford to hire better players, and become better teams, moving up into the premiere league and forcing out the teams from outlying areas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, that's OK in a country with a total land size about the same as that of the U.S. Eastern Seaboard; if you want to cheer on a premiere-league team, there's one within a couple hours of pretty much any town in England. Or, as the commenter states, you can keep cheering for your hometown team even if they're not in the premiere league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the U.S., however, that kind of league management would result in a disproportionate number of teams being crammed into the East Coast cities, much as the EPL's teams have gravitated to London and Manchester/Merseyside. That would place a lot of large &quot;heartland&quot; cities, each with populations in the millions, at least a day or more away from the nearest professional team by car. With no minor leagues to speak of due to the risk-reward problems of many of these sports, support for the sport in any form in areas without a major team would simply die out, robbing the leagues of valuable TV time. That would be compounded by the concentration of teams in the most populous areas, which force teams to fight each other for the biggest slice of the revenue pie. As a result, teams are carefully managed by franchise owners and league leadership to ensure that the teams are spread as evenly as can be supported around the populous areas of the U.S., giving each team a built-in home crowd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That, in turn, requires the teams to be kept on roughly equal footing; it's in the league's best interest to keep all of the teams it has financially healthy and competitive, and the two go hand in hand. So, instead of punishing franchises that can't buy a good team, we give the worst teams the first picks of new incoming talent. Instead of letting the richest teams self-perpetuate by spending more money on talent than anyone else can, we put salary caps in place to ensure no team can spend more than any other on their players. The current scheduling system even gives each team a game against a team from another conference they normally wouldn't play, with the same division ranking as their own, meaning the better teams have overall tougher opponents. This egalitarian approach lets dynasties rise and fall over a period of a few years each instead of a few decades (as is seen in baseball and in collegiate sports, where the school's reputation as a sports powerhouse is self-perpetuating over long timespans), and gives every franchise and every fan the best chance for their team's success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2013-12-23T23:25:33.993" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T23:25:33.993" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3417" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-24T11:30:13.210" Score="7" ViewCount="1950" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gun:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colt 1911 Cybergun 100th anniversary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My Colt 1911 Cybergun is leaking gas either from its magazine or its own valve.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I only have one Magazine so cant check if its a mag issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Description of Problem:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you pull the trigger to fire a BB the gun barrel goes back (Blowback) but gets stuck there, then the gun gets very cold due to the gas leaking. The Magazine will then be too cold to touch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any solutions on how to find the problem (other than buy a new magazine)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1867" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-02-06T10:14:52.540" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T10:14:52.540" Title="Diagnosing a gun leaking gas" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3364" CreationDate="2013-10-24T21:13:16.690" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that the run counts initially.  On appeal, the runner will be called out and the run will no longer count, but the opposing team needs to initiate the appeal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1868" LastActivityDate="2013-10-24T21:13:16.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3422" CreationDate="2013-10-24T21:23:54.167" Score="3" ViewCount="1417" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of placing a player on Injured Reserve in the NFL?  My understanding was that you could hold an injured player out of a game and dress someone else in their place regardless of whether or not the injured player was on IR.  Unless that understanding is incorrect, it seems as though it would be just as easy to continue listing the injured player as &quot;out&quot; for the upcoming week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1868" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-05T15:40:42.593" LastActivityDate="2013-11-05T15:40:42.593" Title="Placing a Player on IR in the NFL" Tags="|american-football|nfl|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3421" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3423" CreationDate="2013-10-25T10:23:21.537" Score="5" ViewCount="890" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formula One drivers must have an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIA_Super_Licence&quot;&gt;FIA Super Licence&lt;/a&gt;, but what about (young) drivers who take part only in free practice sessions? Are they allowed to drive without the license?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2013-11-20T15:06:00.013" Title="Formula 1 Free practice without a super licence" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3420" CreationDate="2013-10-25T13:20:47.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason for IR is to free up space on the team's 53-man roster if a player has an injury that makes him unable to play for the rest of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a player is assigned to IR, that player's roster spot is now available on the teams roster. This roster spot is used to bring another player in to fill his space. If that player was just sat out, he would still count against the roster and the team would have no room to make an addition to fill his spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a player is put on IR, he cannot be activated again for the remainder of the season (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3383/activating-a-player-from-injured-reserve-designated-to-return/3384#3384&quot;&gt;Exception&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of sitting a player out is if that player has an injury that will only sideline him for 1-3 weeks or simply not the whole season. The player could also be put on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3383/activating-a-player-from-injured-reserve-designated-to-return/3384#3384&quot;&gt;Injured Reserve/Designated To Return list&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-10-25T18:56:43.963" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3421" CreationDate="2013-10-25T13:47:51.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, drivers without the super licence are not allowed to take part in the free practice sessions. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8694/fia.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;formula1.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] each team will be permitted to run&#xA;  additional drivers during P1 and P2 provided :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the stewards are informed which cars and drivers each team intends to use in each session before the end of initial scrutineering,&#xA;  changes after this time may only be made with the consent of the&#xA;  stewards ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;no more than two drivers are used in any one session ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;they carry the race number of the nominated driver they replace ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;they use the engine and tyres which are allocated to the nominated driver ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;they are in possession of a Super Licence.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2013-10-25T13:47:51.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3424" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3425" CreationDate="2013-10-25T20:47:12.040" Score="4" ViewCount="2504" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner on base, batter hits a foul ball which is not caught. catcher throws ball back to pitcher, pitcher misses throw ball goes to outfield. can runners advance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1872" LastActivityDate="2013-10-25T21:12:58.310" Title="Softball, foul ball not caught and over thrown back to pitcher can runners advance?" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3424" CreationDate="2013-10-25T21:12:58.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Runners can only advance on a &quot;live ball&quot;, and as soon as a foul ball hits the ground or goes out of play, it's &quot;dead&quot; until that ball or a replacement is delivered back to the pitcher. The fact that the defense attempted to do so and failed changes nothing; at least until the pitcher has control of the ball it cannot become live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2013-10-25T21:12:58.310" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2291" CreationDate="2013-10-26T08:07:54.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trial ball is not permitted in international cricket. There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-practice-on-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no law&lt;/a&gt; regarding this. If any trial ball would be allowed, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2693/penalty-runs-for-hitting-on-to-the-helmet-of-the-wicket-keeper-which-he-is-weari/2695#comment5458_2695&quot;&gt;there would be a law on that&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a law regarding trial &lt;em&gt;run up&lt;/em&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-practice-on-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17.4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;4.Trial run up&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bowler is permitted to have a trial run up provided the umpire is&#xA;satisfied that it will not contravene either of Laws 42.9 (Time&#xA;wasting by the fielding side) or 42.13 (Fielder damaging the pitch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is clear that a bowler can take a trial run up but can't bowl a trial ball (after taking a run up). Mostly opening bowlers take trial run up (maybe to adjust on the field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-26T08:07:54.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3428" CreationDate="2013-10-26T09:39:34.120" Score="4" ViewCount="1094" Body="&lt;p&gt;We see matches are reduced to certain amount of overs due to bad whether conditions like rain, bad lights etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example the rain affected the match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/content/story/644431.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IND vs ENG in Champions Trophy&lt;/a&gt; final was reduced to 20 overs per side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it still considered an ODI match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:47:48.147" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:47:48.147" Title="Why a reduced over match is considered an ODI match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3427" CreationDate="2013-10-26T09:52:45.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In One Day International matches the number of overs is 50 per side. In the situation of interruption due to rain, a method named &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Duckworth–Lewis method&lt;/a&gt; is applied. So that we can get the result of the match &lt;strong&gt;by reducing some overs&lt;/strong&gt;. As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Application&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;DL method&lt;/a&gt; the minimum number of overs to be played per side is 20. So if an ODI match is reduced to 20 overs, it is still considered as an ODI match. To clarify more, this method is used even before T20 matches came in cricket. (i.e. that's why such matches are not considered as T20I matches.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-10-26T09:52:45.677" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="103" CreationDate="2013-10-26T13:27:05.553" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One additional reason would be to avoid a second yellow card turning to red and then a ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1875" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-10-26T20:54:00.590" LastActivityDate="2013-10-26T20:54:00.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3447" CreationDate="2013-10-28T12:31:27.323" Score="6" ViewCount="3996" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually you can not see any other player with number 1 except goalkeeper. I've never seen forward with number 2,3,4,5 or 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how numbers are assigned to players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I could find out was that this is just a tradition. But no information about how this tradition was formed. Have there been any historical fact of giving numbers in order from 1 to 11 to players from goalkeeper to forward, for example according to a law of game from FIFA or something...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1470" LastEditorUserId="1470" LastEditDate="2013-10-28T13:37:46.363" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T19:12:11.597" Title="How numbers are assigned to football players?" Tags="|rules|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3395" CreationDate="2013-10-28T18:38:34.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Searching the internet for a possible answers, made me realize that this question has been asked many times before. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The answer to the question is: no.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below some of the things I found along the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtvsqHxNZ1w&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video (0'30&quot;)&lt;/a&gt; on YouTube, an alleged attempt is made to&#xA;perform a Triple Lindy, but I think it's just a faulty dive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://oldschool.tblog.com/post/1970109747&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this interview&lt;/a&gt;, the director Alan Metter explains the origin&#xA;of the Triple Lindy: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: I have to ask about the &quot;Triple Lindy&quot; dive. Who came up with the actual silly dive itself? How long did it take to film and were&#xA;  there any challenges?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the response of Alan:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: The Triple Lindy was the vision of writer Michael Elias, Triple&#xA;  Lindy who I met on a television special for Steve Martin. He was&#xA;  talking with Rodney about the diving horse act on the boardwalk in&#xA;  Atlantic City in the 40s. Suddenly he said, &quot;Hey, why don't you do an&#xA;  impossible dive...The Triple Lindy...&quot; I knew immediately I had struck&#xA;  gold. What an idea! Rodney's sport had been swimming before this,&#xA;  which gave me pause. I knew diving was an event even out-of-shape&#xA;  Rodney could finish! Because of the tight schedule, I made the shots&#xA;  with Rodney and our editor, David Rollins, shot the double in one day&#xA;  with a second unit (thus the inconsistency in the light, if you look&#xA;  at it again). When I showed it to Rodney, we shook our heads in&#xA;  agreement that this might be the dumbest joke ever put on film. He&#xA;  loved it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last remark makes it even more obvious that this dive has never been&#xA;performed before !!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-10-28T19:25:59.920" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T19:25:59.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3442" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3443" CreationDate="2013-10-29T14:38:30.230" Score="0" ViewCount="926" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are stumped off a wide first delivery you face is it a diamond duck? Because although you have literally faced a ball it won't be recorded as a ball faced because of the wide (as evident &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/match/392217.html?batsman=2119;innings=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, Hayden faced 3 balls in the over he was dismissed but only 2 were counted cause he was stumped off a wide). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you are dismissed in this manner are you out for a diamond duck or not, as you will be out for 0 runs off 0 deliveries, but you will have also faced a ball? If not, does it have a special name too?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-10-29T15:23:43.607" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T17:45:01.467" Title="Stumped Off A Wide Diamond Duck?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3442" CreationDate="2013-10-29T15:45:01.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its just called diamond duck&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This discussion provides much more clarity to this matter :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kieron Pollard was stumped off a wide from the first ball he received in the World Twenty20 match against England. Is this the first such &quot;diamond duck&quot; from a stumping rather than a run-out in international cricket? asked Tom from Australia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rather surprisingly, we can trace only one previous instance in&#xA;  international cricket of a batsman being stumped first ball off a wide&#xA;  (thus going down in the scorebook as having faced 0 balls). The man&#xA;  who preceded Kieron Pollard in the Twenty20 international in&#xA;  Providence last week was the Canadian fast bowler Henry Osinde, who&#xA;  was stumped first ball by Niall O'Brien off an Alex Cusack wide while&#xA;  playing Ireland in a one-day international during the World Cup&#xA;  qualifying tournament in Benoni in April 2009. It's possible there are&#xA;  further undetected instances - and several other people have been&#xA;  stumped off wides at later stages of their innings in limited-overs&#xA;  internationals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/459191.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/459191.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="521" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T15:45:01.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3448" CreationDate="2013-10-29T17:26:19.160" Score="2" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw recently in some video a play where only two guys, namely one who snaps and other one who catches a snap, were between the hash marks, but the offensive line was on the side of the line of scrimmage. It looked a bit weird, so I'm curious what kind of play it is, and what are its advantages and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the name of this play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1883" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-04T19:42:31.807" LastActivityDate="2013-11-04T19:42:31.807" Title="What do you call a play when the offensive line is on the side?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3444" CreationDate="2013-10-29T17:35:56.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Got it! It is called swinging gate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1883" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T17:35:56.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3442" CreationDate="2013-10-29T17:45:01.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, according to Wikipedia, but with the allowance for regional definitional differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batsman who is dismissed without facing a ball (most usually run out from the non-striker's end, &lt;em&gt;but alternatively stumped&lt;/em&gt; or run out &lt;em&gt;off a wide delivery&lt;/em&gt;) is said to be out for a &lt;strong&gt;diamond duck&lt;/strong&gt;, but in some regions that term has an alternative definition. [My italics.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T17:45:01.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3432" CreationDate="2013-10-29T19:12:11.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://footballspeak.com/post/2012/04/05/The-Number-Game.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; of my answer defies summarisation, but in this answer I'll put the current convention. I really suggest reading the source (hopefully still available when you read this) for an interesting history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now many teams have adopted following convention for assigning numbers as per player positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/A0Jdf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://footballspeak.com/post/2012/04/05/The-Number-Game.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;The Bizarre History of Football Shirt Numbers&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://footballspeak.com/author/TheBottomThree.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Akshay Mhaskar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, the numbers were used in football for the first time in 1928, in a match between Sheffield Wednesday and Arsenal. The current, but far from always adopted, convention resembles the then allocation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB: For the World Cup 2014, the only rules are that the number 1 must be reserved for one of the keepers and that players are only allocated the numbers 1-23. But note that each competition has specific rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1564" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T19:12:11.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3444" CreationDate="2013-10-29T19:49:49.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_gate_%28American_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;swinging gate&lt;/a&gt; formation, as you described, has the entire offensive line on one side of the center and quarterback, with perhaps only one wide receiver on the other side of the center.  It is pretty rare, and the advantages are surprise and the fact that you have a lot of blockers on one side for a running play if you don't need many yards.  The biggest disadvantage is that your quarterback is completely unprotected on one side, so the quarterback needs to get rid of the ball in a hurry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T19:49:49.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-29T23:23:41.280" Score="1" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Red Sox got help from star David Ortiz, who went three for four&#xA;  with an RBI double and is now hitting .733 in the Fall Classic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no knowledge about baseball statistics so please help me understand this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1702" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T10:38:46.557" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T10:38:46.557" Title="What does this sentence mean?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-10-30T01:56:01.743" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3449" CreationDate="2013-10-29T23:38:32.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Three for four&quot; refers to the batter (David Ortiz) reaching base safely by means of a basehit (single, double, triple or homerun) three out of the 4 times he has batted in the game they are referring to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;an RBI double&quot; refers to Ortiz getting a hit (a double) and reaching second base, which caused another runner to score (an RBI - run batted in)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;is now hitting .733&quot; - refers to his batting average in the World Series games only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;the Fall Classic&quot; refers to the World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T23:38:32.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3395" CreationDate="2013-10-30T16:45:25.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is no, the Triple Lindy has never been (successfully) performed in real life. I have heard of a few people attempting it, but none have been successful, because the only people skilled enough to perform it are also smart enough to realise that it's a stupid idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The YouTube video Jacob linked in his answer is certainly not a Triple Lindy attempt. Notice that the diver was still curled into a ball when he hit the adjacent springboard. Also note the &quot;triple&quot; in &quot;Triple Lindy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-10-30T16:45:25.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2013-10-30T19:10:29.107" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it interesting you can slide/stop on quad roller skates.  In fact, I think that might be the problem.  If you tried a proper hockey stop in quad roller skates (lifting the angle of your foot to only engage the corners of the 2 inside wheels) I'd bet you'd fall.  Which means you've learned to apply your weight in the exact wrong way... and worse, it's muscle memory, very difficult to break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep trying to shave, but maybe think about it not as shaving, but as &quot;pushing snow&quot;.  Get your butt down and shoulders back.  Also, something a little unorthodox to try: get a friend (preferably one who can skate) and have him/her pull you around at a steady pace (put sticks under both your arms like you're forming a train).  Try &quot;pushing the snow&quot; while your friend pulls you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and your weight is not an issue and your skates probably aren't too sharp either.  They may contribute to making it more difficult to learn, but should not be debilitating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1887" LastActivityDate="2013-10-30T19:10:29.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3456" CreationDate="2013-10-31T05:07:08.330" Score="7" ViewCount="5032" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am confused about these two statistics:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- First service&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- First service won&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone tell what is the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1169" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-11-11T04:21:41.250" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T04:21:41.250" Title="What is the difference between the statistics &quot;First service&quot; and &quot;First service won&quot;?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|terminology|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3455" CreationDate="2013-10-31T07:36:53.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not have  any official source but the way I remember it from watching tennis on TV:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First service&lt;/em&gt; says what percent of the player's serves were successful. (He did not have to play the second service.) &lt;em&gt;First serve percentage&lt;/em&gt; seems to be more apt description.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First service won&lt;/em&gt; is the percentage of the points, where the player successfully made the first service, that were won by the serving player. &lt;em&gt;First service points won&lt;/em&gt; is perhaps a better description of this statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have also found this question on Yahoo Answers, where these two statistics (and some others) are explained: &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101219223715AAqTbhY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Need clarification in Tennis?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-10-31T13:11:58.560" LastActivityDate="2013-10-31T13:11:58.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3455" CreationDate="2013-10-31T07:59:03.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Martin is completely correct &quot;First Service&quot; is the percentage of first serves that were not a fault, and &quot;First Service Won&quot; is the percentage of points you've won on first serves that weren't faults.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the record, the first statistic is pretty much completely useless in professional tennis. &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1020044-mens-tennis-serve-statistics-may-surprise-you&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; is about two years old, but it illustrates how little a difference there is in the upper echelon for first serve percentage - less than 1% difference between #1 and #100. Additionally, it should be noted that the &quot;Second Serve Points Won&quot; statistic does not count double faults as a point lost, as it's seen that there was no (valid) second serve, and the Faults statistic serves that purpose already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-10-31T07:59:03.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3236" CreationDate="2013-11-01T09:48:54.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I emailed to www.lords.org regarding this question since I couldn't find any law regarding this. The reply I got from them is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thank you for your email. The question of whether a player can switch teams during a tournament depends upon the rules of that particular tournament as decided by its governing body and, as such, does not fall under the remit of the Laws of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means there is no law in Laws of cricket. It totally up to the particular tournament's rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-11-01T09:48:54.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2335" CreationDate="2013-11-03T06:59:47.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it provides more ad space. Plain and simple. There has been an ever growing push for the NBA to put sponsorship decals on jerseys and standardising sleeved uniforms now establishes themselves for when this becomes the norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1896" LastActivityDate="2013-11-03T06:59:47.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3466" CreationDate="2013-11-03T15:35:21.643" Score="4" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;By this point in the season all NFL teams have injury problems, but some are worse than others. Are there any available measures of the extent of each team's issues? Perhaps the total cap charge for all players who are not suiting up for a given week's game? I'd be interested in including players who are suspended (Blackmon) or otherwise unavailable (Hernandez) too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: @BoZiffer asked, &quot;Do you mean other than reviewing the weekly injury lists that teams are required to present before each game?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, I'm looking for something beyond those lists because they don't give any indication of how important a player is to the team. So it would be hard to answer the question, &quot;Which team has the worst injury issues?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-05T15:40:48.250" LastActivityDate="2013-12-22T04:16:11.523" Title="Is there a good measure available for how badly an NFL team has been hit by injuries?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|statistics|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3465" CreationDate="2013-11-04T12:25:07.967" Score="1" ViewCount="10207" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does an over in Cricket have exactly 6 balls? Any logic behind that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastActivityDate="2013-11-11T22:10:21.027" Title="Why does an over in Cricket have exactly 6 balls?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3464" CreationDate="2013-11-04T13:39:14.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/353235.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cricinfo article which discussed the number of balls in an over&lt;/a&gt;, and which suggested (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is no recorded reason for the moves from four balls to five and from five to six. But it is understood that the shortness of four- and five-ball overs - which meant too many over changes in the course of a day, and also did not afford bowlers too much leeway in terms of building up a rhythm and plotting a dismissal - contributed to their demise. [...] Again there is &lt;strong&gt;no recorded official reason for the move to six balls&lt;/strong&gt; after 1978-79, but it is widely believed that with the commercialisation of the sport and post the Kerry Packer revolution, there was no room for the eight-ball over, and &lt;strong&gt;the six-ball over was a happy balance&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, I'm inclined to think that this question is not definitively answerable to any further extent. The length of the over appears to be partially arbitrary (it has to be some length) and partially pragmatic (it's about the right length to allow a good contest between bat and ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-11-04T13:39:14.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3462" CreationDate="2013-11-04T21:49:03.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bill Barnwell, then of Football Outsiders, developed a metric called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballoutsiders.com/stat-analysis/2009/2008-adjusted-games-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Adjusted Games Lost&lt;/a&gt; in 2008. It attempts to assign an &quot;injury cost&quot; to each game missed by a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He explains it further in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/13/sports/football/13injuries.html?_r=1&amp;amp;pagewanted=all&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a New York Times article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That metric builds upon eight seasons of data, from 2001 to 2008, to assign each game missed by a player a numerical value of “injury cost” based upon a set of variables. Those include the player’s role on the team, previous Pro Bowl appearances and the historical effect of injuries sustained by a player of a similar caliber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rankings are released after each season. In 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballoutsiders.com/stat-analysis/2013/2012-adjusted-games-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;San Francisco was the healthiest (or luckiest) team by a fair margin&lt;/a&gt;, losing only 16 adjusted games to injury. Green Bay brought up the rear with 100 adjusted games lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-11-04T21:49:03.877" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3318" CreationDate="2013-11-04T22:49:03.553" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wetsuits should not really be washed in the washingmachine and definitely not dried in the drier. I'm selling wetsuits and this is one of the biggest NO NO -s that you really have to stick to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tumbling of the wetsuit will damage the materials and stitchings, especially with thick ones. And it will be really bad with taped seams, which will become loose and will start leaking water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wetsuits in general don't require heavy maintenance, and they definitely don't need washing every week, it's more than enough to clean them once a season with a neoprene cleaning solution like &quot;Piss Off&quot; or something similar. Or get a sanitized wetsuite, which keeps the smell away (it has antibacterial materials inside). Field test shows that even after a week in a wetsuit bag in trunk - still smelled like fresh (you really shouldn't try that at home).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, sun will kill the neoprene too, as it really doesn't like the UV, which again makes the materials weak and not so nice looking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some further tips on how to take care of your wetsuits and what to do with them &lt;a href=&quot;http://360guide.info/wetsuits/wetsuit-care-13-tips.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://360guide.info/wetsuits/wetsuit-care-13-tips.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1903" LastActivityDate="2013-11-04T22:49:03.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2456" CreationDate="2013-11-04T23:03:37.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Big mountain skis or offpiste have done a massive development in last 4 - 5 years and are significantly different from the regular slope or carving skis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Main differentiating factors are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;lenght - they are significantly longer than regular skis one would take into the slopes. Regular offpiste skis are 175 - 190cm long, regular carvers are like 150 - 170.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;width - nose and tail width are really wide today, it's pretty normal to have 12 - 14 cm wide skis with really wide center. Again, regular skis are significantly narrower from the center and back.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;turning radius - it's not very uncommon to have 20 - 25m turning radius on these skis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rocker - the latest and greatest, where the skis don't have a classical bow shape any more, but look more like bananas, which provides better and easier riding in the deep snow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally would recommend to start with something like freestyle crossover skis, which are 50/50 piste/offpiste, they are fun on the slopes and also can be decently rode in forests and not too deep. Big fat ones are actually veery fun, but also quite challenging to ride.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw. they actually are significantly softer than the carver or piste skis, as you don't need that much control, which is the case while riding on the tracks, and also the weight considerations, so riding them on the piste is actually challenging as they tend to start vibrate at high speeds (going over 80 - 90 is pretty &quot;interesting&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good recommendations in addition to getting the shovel and some recco jackets, is actually take an avalanche course, it's going to be the decisive thing when issues happen. And going riding alone is always a bad idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1903" LastActivityDate="2013-11-04T23:03:37.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3316" CreationDate="2013-11-05T16:54:53.827" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;block&lt;/em&gt; occurs when a front-row player close to the net reaches higher than the net and contacts the ball as it is coming over from the opponent.  A &lt;em&gt;block attempt&lt;/em&gt; is when the blocker reaches higher than the net but does not contact the ball, and a &lt;em&gt;completed block&lt;/em&gt; is when the blocker does make contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Block contacts can be by more than one player and consecutive, as long as it is all one action.  So if the ball is coming over, and two different players jump up and both make contact with the ball, it is one block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is important because block contacts are not counted as team hits.  So after the block contact, if the ball stays on the blocker's side, the team still gets three hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A blocker can reach over the net, but they are not allowed to interfere with an opponent's play.  Basically, this means that the blocker cannot touch the ball until an opponent has made an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address your scenarios, if the block prevents the ball from coming on to the blocker's side and the ball remains in play, it is still considered a block.  The blocker touching the ball resets the team hit count, and the opposing team gets another three team hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules on blocks are found in Chapter 14 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules&lt;/a&gt;, which are the rules used in Olympic play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-11-05T16:54:53.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3474" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3485" CreationDate="2013-11-05T18:32:17.260" Score="6" ViewCount="2346" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hotdog-eating-champ-joey-chestnut-581152&quot;&gt;Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest&lt;/a&gt; winner Joey Chestnut quotes the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hotdog-eating-champ-joey-chestnut-581152&quot;&gt;following&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I’ve slowly made my body adapt and understand what’s going to&#xA;  happen,&quot; Chestnut said about the repetition of his training sessions,&#xA;  which sees him fast for three days and &lt;strong&gt;drink gallons of water before&#xA;  binging in a practice contest&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume drinking gallons of water makes room for more food, but I would think the water would displace any room made until released from the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In which ways does drinking gallons of water prepare one for a competitive eating contest?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T16:27:44.033" Title="In which ways does drinking gallons of water prepare one for a competitive eating contest?" Tags="|technique|training|competitive-eating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3476" CreationDate="2013-11-05T18:50:48.640" Score="6" ViewCount="12616" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, I had a spare attempt with the 7-pin. I bowled a ball that hooked sharply before it hit the 7-pin. As a result, the pin slid toward the middle of the lane, but did not fall. I have seen some occasions in which this would have counted as a spare/fallen pin, but it did not count in my case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this have been considered a spare/fallen pin or an open frame/pin left standing? Generally, &lt;strong&gt;what happens when a pin slides but does not fall?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T19:52:58.053" Title="What happens when a pin slides but does not fall?" Tags="|rules|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3475" CreationDate="2013-11-05T19:13:15.473" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pin is only considered fallen when it is knocked down or knocked off the lane surface.  In the case you mentioned, where the pin slid but did not fall during your second ball, the pin would be considered left standing, and it would not be a spare.  If this had happened during your first ball, the pin needs to be left where it was, and if the pinsetter knocked the pin down afterward, the pin would need to be replaced at its original position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bowl.com/Rules/Rules_Home/USBC_Playing_Rules/&quot;&gt;United States Bowling Congress Playing Rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 6a (Pinfall, Legal Pinfall):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6a. Legal Pinfall&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Pins to be credited to a player following a legal&#xA;  delivery shall include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Pins knocked down or off the lane surface by the ball or another pin.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Pins knocked down or off the lane surface by a pin rebounding from a side partition or rear cushion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Pins knocked down or off the lane surface by a pin rebounding from the sweep bar when it is at rest  on the pin deck before sweeping dead&#xA;  wood from the pin deck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Pins that lean and touch the kickback or side partition. All such pins are termed dead wood and  must be removed before the next&#xA;  delivery. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No pins may be conceded, and only pins actually knocked down&#xA;  or moved entirely off the playing area  of the lane surface as a&#xA;  result of a legal delivery may be counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Rule 7a (Pins, Improperly Set):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No change can be made in the position of any pin(s) left standing&#xA;  after the bowler’s first  delivery, unless:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The pinsetter moved or misplaced any pin(s), or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Any standing pin(s) is (are) outside the range of the sweep bar. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any such pin(s) will be respotted where it (they) originally stood&#xA;  before the delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-11-05T19:13:15.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3478" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3484" CreationDate="2013-11-06T04:07:34.870" Score="9" ViewCount="8777" Body="&lt;p&gt;In reference to the image below, the cue ball rested on top of a rail after my opponent attempted a shot. During a different game, I shot the cue ball on top of a rail (to avoid other solid and striped balls) and nearly converted a shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Would the cue ball on top of a rail still be considered legal and playable?&lt;/strong&gt; Would this be considered a scratch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/noX6T.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;cue ball&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:09:45.313" Title="Would the cue ball on top of a rail still be considered legal and playable?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3479" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3480" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of billiards." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T04:07:51.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3481" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3482" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of competitive eating." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T04:08:05.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3478" CreationDate="2013-11-06T15:40:45.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is shot and is resting on the rail, it is considered not in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-9-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;United States Professional Pool Players Association Rule 3.b&lt;/a&gt;, this occurrence would result in a break foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Break fouls include the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. If the &lt;strong&gt;cue ball&lt;/strong&gt; is pocketed or &lt;strong&gt;driven off the table it is a foul&lt;/strong&gt; and the non-breaking &gt;player has cue ball in hand behind the head string (from the “kitchen.”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the World Pool Billiard Association, this occurrence is also a foul under rule 6.1 sub rule 8.5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#6.1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;6.1 Cue Ball Scratch or off the Table&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If the cue ball is pocketed or driven off the table, the shot is a&#xA;  foul.&lt;/strong&gt; See 8.3 Ball Pocketed and 8.5 Driven off the Table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=123&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#8.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8.5 Driven off the Table&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball is considered driven off the table if it comes to rest other&#xA;  than on the playing surface but is not pocketed. A ball is also&#xA;  considered driven off the table if it would have been driven off the&#xA;  table except for striking an object such as a light fixture, piece of&#xA;  chalk or a player which causes it to return to the table. &lt;strong&gt;A ball that&#xA;  contacts the top of the rail is not considered to have been driven off&#xA;  the table if it returns to the playing surface&lt;/strong&gt; or enters a pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-11-06T15:46:38.167" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T15:46:38.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3474" CreationDate="2013-11-06T16:27:44.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is known as water training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Training with water far before an eating competition is very common. The act of chugging a gallon of water quickly over a long period of time will indeed stretch your stomach. If the competitor does this regularly before a competition, it will help him/her fit more food in their stomach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, this is not recommended by doctors as it is very dangerous. Drinking a large amount of water in a short period of time can dilute the electrolytes in your blood, which can lead to a loss of heart, muscle and brain function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quotes from competitors on water training...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Lerman, 42, says he trains every day to stay in top shape. Like most&#xA;  competitive eaters, he drinks massive amounts of water, more than a&#xA;  gallon at a time, to stretch his stomach. Only rookies think that&#xA;  fasting helps.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Champion eater Eric &quot;Badlands&quot; Booker, who has been training by&#xA;  drinking 4-1/2 litres of water in three minutes, twice a day, for two&#xA;  weeks.'It helps elasticate the stomach.'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=111506&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.howstuffworks.com/competitive-eating1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T16:27:44.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3487" CreationDate="2013-11-06T18:01:46.173" Score="8" ViewCount="14840" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is a regular shot worth 2 points and a &quot;Three pointer&quot; worth 3 points in basketball? Wouldn't it have made more sense to have points given in the 1 and 2 point style? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;when&lt;/strong&gt; this point style was created? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T23:06:41.947" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T01:06:55.520" Title="Why are points awarded 2 and 3 in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3486" CreationDate="2013-11-06T18:52:06.033" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point values were chosen to give the desired relative weight between a free throw (1 point), a field goal (2 points), and a three-point goal (3 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally, when &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naismith&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dr. James Naismith&lt;/a&gt; invented the game of basketball in 1891, goals were worth one point each.  Three consecutive fouls by one team (without the opposing team committing a foul) gave the opposing team one goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20140201223714/http://www.usab.com/rules/naismith_original_rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dr. James Naismith's Original 13 Rules of Basket Ball&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;.7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean&#xA;  time making a foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the early days of basketball, the rules were still being refined.  As time went on, it was decided that the penalty for committing fouls was too great.  So Dr. Naismith changed the rules so that all field goals were worth 3 points, and three consecutive fouls awarded the other team one point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not long after that, Dr. Naismith came up with the concept of the free throw.  Instead of awarding points automatically to the other team, a fouled player would be given a chance to take a shot from a free throw line, and earn another field goal for his team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By 1896, the rules were refined again to standardize the free throw line at 15 feet, and set the free throw goal at 1 point and field goals at 2 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youth.usab.com/classroom/history-of-basketball/The-History-of-the-Free-Throw.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;History of the Free Throw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three-point line has its own history.  The American Basketball League, a shortlived professional league, began using it in 1961, but the league folded a year later.  The American Basketball Association began using it as soon as the league started in 1967.  The National Basketball Association did not begin using it, however, and when the ABA merged into the NBA in 1976, the three-point line went away for a few years.  The NBA introduced it in 1979, and the NCAA followed in 1986, shortly followed by high school basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youth.usab.com/classroom/history-of-basketball/The-History-of-the-3-Pointer.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;History of the 3-Pointer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-22T13:27:53.320" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T13:27:53.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3494" CreationDate="2013-11-07T09:02:14.227" Score="7" ViewCount="9648" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine me, climbing and sitting on someone's(teammate) shoulders. We are standing near opponents basket. I get a pass and since i am at 3 meters height, i cannot be blocked and most probably i will score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this illegal? If yes, according to what rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1912" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-07T13:53:55.253" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T16:36:03.153" Title="Is climbing in basketball according to the rules?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3490" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3493" CreationDate="2013-11-07T09:07:31.137" Score="16" ViewCount="3133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine all our football team except one player form a tight circle, with our hands on the shoulders of the people next to us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inside the circle there is the eleventh person with the ball. The whole &quot;construction&quot; is moving slowly towards the opponent's goal. It is inevitable that we will score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this illegal? If yes, according to what rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1912" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T22:39:54.580" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T02:00:52.610" Title="Is hiding the ball allowed in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2132" CreationDate="2013-11-07T10:55:32.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets be practical, for a too slow ascent rate to be dangerous it has to be so slow that you would basically not even be ascending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fast ascent rate creates way more problems than a slow ascent. If you ascent too fast you increase chance of DCS &amp;amp; AGE and the faster you ascent the harder it becomes to control your ascent rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do people know where our ascent rates come from? 60feet/min or 18m/min ? It was becuase the US Navy wanted their divers to come up as fast as possible (and still be safe). The commercial divers used to do 10feet/min or 3m/min.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And rates where increased not necessarily because slower was unsafe, but because the sooner someone is out the water the better, so we keep trying to find the fastest way to get people out safely. Not for recreational use, but commercial and military.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=============================&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historical ascent rates:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Historical guidelines as to rates of ascent are pertinent. In the 19th century, for example, the French physiologist Paul Bert in 1878 quoted rates of 3 feet per minute and the English physiologist John Scott Haldane in 1907 recommended ascent rates between 5 and 30 feet (1.5 and 9 meters) per minute. From 1920-1957, rates of 25 feet (7.5 meters) per minute were recommended. Then in 1958, Cdr. Francis Douglas Fane of the U.S. Navy West Coast Underwater Demolition Team wanted rates for his frogmen of 100 feet (30 meters) per minute or faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is interesting article on safety stops and ascend rates.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.daneurope.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=13501&amp;amp;name=DLFE-133.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.daneurope.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=13501&amp;amp;name=DLFE-133.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1387" LastEditorUserId="1387" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T09:22:04.870" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T09:22:04.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2399" CreationDate="2013-11-07T11:10:05.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wet suits will make you more buoyant which for a swimmer is not a good thing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Can also increase drag, there are better materials that give less drag or even improve ability to glide in water. And may also offer some thermal protection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was workign as a PM for a engineering company that developed measuring equipment that was used by Sport Science Institute, under Prof Tim Noakes, to measure various thigns when Lewis Pugh did his swims in Arctic Oceans. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And he was able to train his body to swim in almsot freezing water without a wet suit :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lewispugh.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lewispugh.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1387" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T11:10:05.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3490" CreationDate="2013-11-07T13:27:06.357" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it would be illegal under &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290868.html&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of the referee, a player:&#xA;  [...]&#xA;  impedes the progress of an opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to that, you would be likely to receive a yellow card for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290868.html&quot;&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a novel strategy but it goes against the spirit of the game and you would then be in danger of having all 11 players on yellow cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T13:27:06.357" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3489" CreationDate="2013-11-07T14:57:24.150" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Climbing on a teammate is illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NCAA, this is a Class B technical foul.  When this occurs, two free throws are awarded to any member of the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4312-2013-14-and-2014-15-mens-basketball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Men's Basketball 2013-14 and 2014-15 Rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 10 (Fouls and Penalties), Section 4 (Class B Technical Infractions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 4. CLASS B TECHNICAL INFRACTIONS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 1.&lt;/strong&gt; A technical foul shall be assessed to a player or a substitute&#xA;for the  following infractions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b.&#xA;Climbing on or lifting a teammate to secure greater height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PENALTY:  Article 1 and Article 2.a through i. Two free throws shall&#xA;be  awarded to any member of the offended team. All infractions  count&#xA;toward ejection but do not count toward the team-foul  total or&#xA;disqualification.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, this is considered an Illegal Assist in Scoring, and results in a loss of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules of the National Basketball Association&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 10 (Violations and Penalties), Section XIII (Illegal Assist in Scoring):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section XIII-Illegal Assist in Scoring&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;a. A player may not assist&#xA;himself to score by using the basket ring or back-board to lift, hold&#xA;or raise himself.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;b. A player may not assist a teammate to gain height&#xA;while attempting to score.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;PENALTY: Loss of ball. The ball is awarded&#xA;to the opposing team at the free throw line extended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T15:10:43.020" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3495" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-08T11:56:40.807" Score="4" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englandsquashandracketball.com/play-squash-and-racketball/rules-of-play/squash&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt; &quot;(b) A Let shall be allowed: ... (iii) If an otherwise good return has been made, but the ball goes out on its first bounce. &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not entirely sure what this means. Could someone describe this scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-11-08T17:50:44.757" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T03:19:55.253" Title="Could someone explain the &quot;let&quot; rule in squash?" Tags="|rules|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3403" CreationDate="2013-11-08T22:11:25.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shahid Afridi hit the biggest six in cricket history against South Africa in 2013 in his 88 runs innings. The distance of the six measured 158 meters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;SHAHID AFRIDI - 160 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;SHAHID AFRIDI - 158 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MARTIN GUPTILL - 129 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;KIERON POLLARD - 125 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ALBIE MORKEL - 124 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;THISARA PERERA-123m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CHRIS GAYLE - 120 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CHRIS GAYLE - 119 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;M.S. DHONI - 112.6 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CHRIS GAYLE - 112 m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1917" LastEditorUserId="13244" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T20:27:02.720" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T20:27:02.720" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3495" CreationDate="2013-11-10T03:06:46.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A let is basically a stroke that, due to some variety of circumstances, is counted as &quot;void&quot; and the point is completely replayed. The specific scenario you're referring to is when the first bounce of the ball in a rally lands outside of the area of play. It's not noted in the source you've provided, but it's also a let under the same rule if the ball manages to lodge itself in the court somehow, as opposed to bouncing naturally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2013-11-10T03:06:46.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3503" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-10T18:15:33.023" Score="5" ViewCount="1192" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation is as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-------|----------------------------&#xA;       |&#xA; stump |batsmen2 &#xA; broken|batsmen1&#xA; here  | &#xA;-------|----------------------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a runout in the above situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1922" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-11-11T06:56:58.923" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T06:22:04.690" Title="Is it a runout if both the batsmen have reached the same end and at the same end the stump is broken?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3503" CreationDate="2013-11-10T18:35:55.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 38 (Run out)&lt;/a&gt; states that a batsman is out if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) he is out of his ground&#xA;  and (ii) his wicket is fairly put down by the action of a fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman that is out of his ground has not had his wicket put down, therefore he is not out. The batsman that has had his wicket put down is in his ground, therefore he is also not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-11-10T18:35:55.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3690" CreationDate="2013-11-11T01:00:30.017" Score="2" ViewCount="905" Body="&lt;p&gt;My fantasy team uses a playoff system that &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=simmons/060721&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bill Simmons suggested a few years ago&lt;/a&gt;. In order to study it, I'd like to run Monte Carlo simulations of last year's post-season. To do so, I need to be able to compute the win probability for a pair of teams given the site of the game. Note this is not a prediction against the spread, just the orders of one team winning. This format also means that I can't use Vegas's point spreads, money lines, etc. because I need to be able to make predictions for pairs of teams that didn't meet in real life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that it would be easy to find a suitable model online, but I haven't been able to. Here's what I've tried:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;AdvancedNFLStats&lt;/a&gt;: In principle they supply all the needed information but I've been unable to reproduce their results. You can see a long post from me at the end of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2013/10/team-efficiency-rankings-week-7.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;week 7 team efficiency page&lt;/a&gt; that has gotten no replies. I would love to be able to get this model working.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nfl-forecast.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Predictions&lt;/a&gt; uses stats from AdvancedNFLStats to run Monte Carlo paths through the post-season in some way that's slightly different from what AdvancedNFLStats does, but I can't find any info on the methodology.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/?p=37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Simple Ranking System&lt;/a&gt; a.k.a. simple rating system: is focused on predicting margin of victory, not probability. More info &lt;a href=&quot;http://smartfootball.com/chase-stuart/the-simple-rating-system-bringing-order-kinda-to-chaos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The creator gives a formula for computing win probabilities here, but it's not clear to me that the same constants can still be used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sagarin.com/sports/nflsend.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jeff Sagarin's ELO ratings&lt;/a&gt;: also aimed at point spreads, not probabilities&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/?p=691&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This page&lt;/a&gt; seemed promising at first but I didn't get anywhere following up on all the links.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-11T04:33:53.157" LastActivityDate="2013-12-22T04:08:40.420" Title="Computing win probabilties for NFL teams" Tags="|american-football|nfl|statistics|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3464" CreationDate="2013-11-11T22:10:21.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were 4 and 5 ball overs at different stages. The problem with these is it takes a long time to change the field at the end of each over so when you bowl 130 overs in a day it is a lot of unnecessary messing about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8 balls is a lot for a fast bowler to manage without a break in a Test match.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1926" LastActivityDate="2013-11-11T22:10:21.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3503" CreationDate="2013-11-12T06:22:04.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If both batsmen are on the same crease, then in order to get a wicket, fielders must have to break wickets of the other end. In that case, from those two batsmen, the batsman who had reached later to the first side of the crease gets out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T06:22:04.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3517" CreationDate="2013-11-12T06:52:28.337" Score="7" ViewCount="4160" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you see a cricket bat side-ways, you will notice a curve below the bottom half of the bat. What's the purpose of that curve and I have seen different curves in different bats. How does this curve effect in batting??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="1924" LastEditDate="2013-11-12T07:02:25.880" LastActivityDate="2013-11-14T23:16:21.590" Title="Curve of a Cricket Bat" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3515" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3522" CreationDate="2013-11-14T15:46:45.350" Score="12" ViewCount="570" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Holland&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;reached finals&lt;/strong&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;WorldCup2010&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;qualified&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;Euro2012&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;won the qualifying group for &lt;strong&gt;WorldCup2014&lt;/strong&gt; with only &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;missed&lt;/strong&gt; WorldCup2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;missed&lt;/strong&gt; Euro2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;won the qualifying group for &lt;strong&gt;WorldCup2014&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;two&lt;/strong&gt; draws.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switzerland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3rd place in group&lt;/strong&gt; at WorldCup2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;missed&lt;/strong&gt; Euro2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;won the qualifying group for &lt;strong&gt;WorldCup2014&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; draws.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still the rankings are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1    Spain          1513    &#xA;2    Germany        1311    &#xA;3    Argentina      1266    &#xA;4    Colombia       1178    &#xA;5    Belgium        1175    &#xA;6    Uruguay        1164&#xA;7    Switzerland    1138    &#xA;8    Netherlands    1136&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1801" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-20T14:23:14.847" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T01:44:58.270" Title="How come Belgium and even Switzerland are atop of Holland on FifaRankings for WorldCup 2014?" Tags="|football|ranking|fifa|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3516" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-14T17:37:44.187" Score="4" ViewCount="1245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to play with a bow, mostly for the discipline and relaxation that is demanded (from what I heard). Problem is there is no range around. I have a 13 x 11 m backyard, and including a corridor I can have about 20 meter of total lenght.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that enough for getting some practice? How much distance is needed for hobbish archery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1936" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T09:22:34.773" Title="Archery without a range" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3509" CreationDate="2013-11-14T23:16:21.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The curve of a cricket bat has several functions. First, it balances the bat, especially larger bats, by bringing the mass that's behind the &quot;sweet spot&quot; forward relative to the hands; a straight bat of a professional size and weight would have more mass behind the line indicated by the handle through the bat, and would be harder to maneuver. Second, the curve enlarges this &quot;sweet spot&quot; by increasing the surface area that's close enough to the center of mass to gain an advantage, and also by allowing the bat to &quot;trampoline&quot; the ball when hit towards the tip. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it allows for a bit of finesse in various shots. The curved tip allows the batsman to more easily &quot;pull&quot; the ball with a side swing, hitting toward the opposite side of the field as would be expected (a right-handed batsman will typically &quot;push&quot; the ball to his right, much like a RHB in baseball will tend to do the same). It also allows for a better defensive swing (a swing made more to block). Such swings typically lead with the hands and the bat ends up angled downward and backward at impact. In this stance, the curve presents a steeper angle to the ball at impact, so that the ball will bounce downward more strongly instead of rearward, hopefully keeping it away from the wickets and keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2013-11-14T23:16:21.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3519" CreationDate="2013-11-15T03:31:48.283" Score="10" ViewCount="13083" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the basic difference between Doosra and Teesra? I know off-spinner bowls the other one which is called Doosra but what is Teesra and how is it different to Doosra?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1938" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T05:33:35.150" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T07:47:32.760" Title="What is the difference between Doosra and Teesra?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3518" CreationDate="2013-11-15T05:12:17.093" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Doosra and teesra, both these bowling techniques were invented to deceive the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doosra and teesra both are Urdu words which means &quot;the second one&quot; and &quot;the third one&quot; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doosra is the technique use by an off spin bowler and it results in leg spin, but the bowling action remains as off-spin (for left-arm bowlers the case is in reverse).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teesra looks like the ball will turns a lot in off or leg but it results in less turn. The batsman can't judge the ball to where it would turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both these techniques were invented by Saqlain Mushtaq.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doosra is used well by most of the current off-break bowlers but, teesra is being used successfully by Saeed Ajmal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T06:41:30.510" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T06:41:30.510" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3524" CreationDate="2013-11-15T17:03:58.287" Score="5" ViewCount="589" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is my second snowboard bindings, and there was this strange thing supplied with both. &lt;strong&gt;What is it for?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ks6Vt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Pu1hu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1942" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T18:00:51.273" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T18:22:11.663" Title="What is this swiveling hook supplied with snowbard bindings for?" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3515" CreationDate="2013-11-15T17:06:24.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/procedureandschedule/menprocedure/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; show you how the points are calculated. I don't remember how well did Netherlands did in the Euro2012, But you have to take in consideration how difficult stage group in the qualy round was, and how it is meassured according to the table. Also, take in mind, that not all the teams plays the same amount of games. So maybe Netherlands didn't play too much lately???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T17:06:24.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3521" CreationDate="2013-11-15T18:09:03.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &quot;snowboard leash.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A snowboard leash is used as a safety precaution to prevent occurrences of runaway snowboards that may injure others and/or destroy the snowboard&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyx.net/~mwallace/sb_faq/faq/816.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;North Carolina, USA has required the use of such devices in their state according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2009/Bills/House/PDF/H334v4.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;House Bill 334/ SL 2009-353&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;House Bill 334/ SL 2009-353 § 99C-2 (b) 5 states:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A skier shall have the following responsibilities: To wear retention straps, ski brakes, or other devices to prevent runaway skis or snowboards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T18:22:11.663" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T18:22:11.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3560" CreationDate="2013-11-17T08:33:13.743" Score="7" ViewCount="2963" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Sachin's farewell's match, I saw a quote in Cricinfo that Dhoni can hand-over the captaincy to Sachin to honour him like he did that for Saurav.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jlmpb.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched about that and yes, it's true that Ganguly had led the team in the last moments of his final match.    -&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/7852/former-captain-ganguly-bids-farewell-in-style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the ICC rule about changing the captain in the middle of the match while the actual captain is on-field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it permitted in all matches or just for farewell matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-11-27T14:23:37.623" Title="Is it possible to change the captain in the middle of the match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|strategy|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3526" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12612" CreationDate="2013-11-17T09:49:51.613" Score="6" ViewCount="1099" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the name of the guy who does most of the postgame highlights on NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/video/games/heat/2013/11/09/0021300089-bos-mia-recap.nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/video/games/heat/2013/11/09/0021300089-bos-mia-recap.nba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/video/games/bulls/2013/11/16/0021300140-ind-chi-recap.nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/video/games/bulls/2013/11/16/0021300140-ind-chi-recap.nba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/video/games/rockets/2013/11/16/0021300141-den-hou-recap.nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/video/games/rockets/2013/11/16/0021300141-den-hou-recap.nba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1835" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-20T14:21:09.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T18:20:12.490" Title="What is the name of a guy who comment highlights in NBA" Tags="|basketball|trivia|nba|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3527" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3705" CreationDate="2013-11-17T15:56:05.553" Score="6" ViewCount="1543" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to extend the number of strokes I can play in my badminton matches. Therefore I want practice a particular badminton stroke, called:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;reversed backhand slice drop shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can somebody tell me how to perform such a stroke and most preferably provide me some footage of such a stroke being performed in a real match situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T19:49:17.060" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T19:49:17.060" Title="Reversed Backhand Slice Drop Shot" Tags="|terminology|technique|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3525" CreationDate="2013-11-17T22:46:36.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I know, you cannot literally swap the designated captain, but that doesn't stop the captain handing over temporary charge to another player, similar to if a captain goes off the field and the vice captain takes over. An umpire cannot say to a player 'no, you can't change the fielding positions cause you're not captain'. This happened in the BBL, when Faulkner, despite being the designated captain, let Warne and/or White do all the captaincy work, although Faulkner was still listed as captain. I believe the same thing would have happened with Ganguly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastActivityDate="2013-11-17T22:46:36.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3529" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-18T20:21:59.797" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am training to reduce my 10K run performance, aiming to go under 6m/k.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My program is built of 3 runs a week, 1 is an interval run, 1 is an LSD (Long Slow Distance at 75% HR) and the other is a power run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the runs are &quot;every other day&quot;, one of them still can get an extra recovery day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What will I gain if I take the extra day after the Interval runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about after the LSD run?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="94" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T13:22:39.363" Title="When is best for the extra recover day?" Tags="|running|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:30:28.263" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12826" CreationDate="2013-11-19T02:25:48.557" Score="8" ViewCount="983" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching a play with the New England Patriots you often see the z receiver or slot receiver (correct me if they aren't equivalent terms) motion towards the quarterback but then moves back to his original position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me as a outsider, it seemed pointless that he moved to near the center position and then back to his original spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_%28gridiron_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; does discuss the purpose motioning but it speaks about changing formations. If the receiver moves to his original position the formation is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I could see motioning to the other side would make sense to provide extra protection for a screen to a running back play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the presnap is there a purpose for motioning the slot receiver toward the center and back to his original position? Is it to test the defensive positions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T20:09:48.610" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T17:11:45.017" Title="In American football, purpose of motioning the slot receiver" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3532" CreationDate="2013-11-19T05:21:05.733" Score="6" ViewCount="1536" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is the highest award for sports in &lt;strong&gt;worldwide&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is there anything for separate sports (like Cricket)?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or anything like &lt;em&gt;worldwide award&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1377" LastEditorUserId="1751" LastEditDate="2013-11-19T07:48:21.373" LastActivityDate="2013-11-19T07:48:21.373" Title="Highest award for sports in worldwide" Tags="|history|international-sports|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3531" CreationDate="2013-11-19T07:01:27.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laureus_World_Sports_Awards&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laureus World Sports Awards&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are awarded annually to sportspeople who have been outstanding during the previous year. The awards are given globally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we talk about cricket, awards given by ICC (i.e. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Awards&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ICC Awards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) are the highest awards for cricket. Also &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisden_Cricketers_of_the_Year&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wisden Cricketers of the Year&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is also considered one of highest awards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-11-19T07:01:27.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3534" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3536" CreationDate="2013-11-19T14:52:35.310" Score="3" ViewCount="1044" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Iceland wins tonight against Croatia, would they be the lowest ranked team to ever qualify from Europe? &#xA;Also who is the lowest ranking to ever qualify for a world cup from any continent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-11-20T14:15:01.823" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T21:33:18.880" Title="Who is the lowest ranked european team to qualify for world cup?" Tags="|football|trivia|ranking|fifa|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3530" CreationDate="2013-11-19T17:53:13.313" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the purposes of motioning a receiver is for the quarterback to discover whether the defense is playing man-to-man or zone. If a defender follows the receiver, the defense is likely playing man-to-man; if the defense remains (relatively) stationary, they are likely playing zone (defending areas of the field instead of specific players).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quarterback can use that information to determine which receivers are most likely to be open or whether he should hand the ball off instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-11-19T17:53:13.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3534" CreationDate="2013-11-20T05:27:45.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of Oct 2013, Iceland is ranked 46th. Croatia is 18th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since, Iceland lost -- and with two games still remaining -- the lowest could either be Jordan (70th) or New Zealand (79th).&#xA;However, New Zealand would have to beat Mexico (24th) and Jordan would have to beat Uruguay (6th).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if Jordan and New Zealand lose their qualifiers, then the lowest ranking European team qualifying in the 2014 world cup will be France (21st) and -- from any continent (bonus) -- Cameroon (59th).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtable/&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtable/&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for lowest ranking of all time from any continent, El Salvador (80th as of Mar. 2013, 89th as of Nov. 2013) seems to be the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question130166.html&quot;&gt;http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question130166.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1948" LastEditorUserId="1948" LastEditDate="2013-11-21T21:33:18.880" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T21:33:18.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3537" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2013-11-20T14:15:51.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, the quadrennial championship of national association football teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage guidance:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the FIFA World Cup, its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can tag the question with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/fifa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;fifa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;fifa&lt;/a&gt; tag, if it asks/involves/implies FIFA's perspective on/relation to the subject, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18619/why-do-countries-start-to-build-stadiums-after-getting-elected-to-host-fifa-worl&quot;&gt;Why do countries start to build stadiums after getting elected to host FIFA World Cup?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5424/is-it-true-that-brazil-made-1-billion-dollars-from-the-world-cup&quot;&gt;Is it true that Brazil made 1 billion dollars from the world cup?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Automatically tagging every question using this tag together with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/fifa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;fifa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;fifa&lt;/a&gt; tag is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; advised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T09:24:07.370" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T09:24:07.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3538" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2013-11-20T14:15:51.060" Score="0" Body="Questions about the FIFA World Cup. Questions with this tag must also be tagged with football tag." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T04:53:16.707" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T04:53:16.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3421" CreationDate="2013-11-20T15:06:00.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The young drivers who drive in the free practice sessions of a Grand Prix are required to have a Super License from FIA, as said in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One_racing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, young drivers who take part in the Young Drivers Test are not required to posses a Superlicense, as the YDT is not part of a FIA F1 Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1950" LastActivityDate="2013-11-20T15:06:00.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3544" CreationDate="2013-11-21T08:18:21.213" Score="4" ViewCount="695" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't even know if the bottom surface is smooth or not, but in this question I do not ask about a keel or groove on the underside. I ask if it is smooth or is it like a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/1584/1952&quot;&gt;surface of a golf ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Water skis are supposed to run on water with very little friction. Is a smooth underside of the skis better than a surface with tiny dents or perhaps with low waves or what? It must have been studied which kind of surface glides with least friction on/in water. What kind of surface has the least friction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1952" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-11-22T15:54:40.007" Title="Why is the bottom surface of water skis smooth?" Tags="|equipment|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3541" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3542" CreationDate="2013-11-21T08:27:30.567" Score="5" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's become somewhat common for North or South American national soccer teams to play friendly games (or even sometimes non-friendlies) in the Untied States or Canada against another national team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has the US Men's National Soccer Team ever done something like this? i.e played a team in a non-tournament outside of either the USA or that team's country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1953" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T22:38:24.693" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T22:38:24.693" Title="Has the US Men's Soccer Team played a game outside of the USA or the host country?" Tags="|football|trivia|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3541" CreationDate="2013-11-21T11:51:27.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_President%27s_Cup_Football_Tournament&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987 Presidents Cup&lt;/a&gt;, USA were beaten 3-1 by Egypt in Seoul, South Korea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same tournament, USA played CD Español in Masan, Thailand in Cheongju, Hungary in Daejeon and South Korea in Busan, all venues also in South Korea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More recently, in 2010, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bigapplesoccer.com/us/mnt.php?article_id=22902&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA faced Australia&lt;/a&gt; in Roodeport, South Africa as a warm-up game before the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very similar to the preparation for the 2006 World cup, with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ussoccer.com/news/mens-national-team/2006/02/u-s-mnt-touches-down-in-kaiserslautern-germany-in-advance-of-march-1-match-vs-poland.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA having played Poland&lt;/a&gt; in Kaiserslautern, Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go back a little further to 1994 and you will find a match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.11v11.com/matches/romania-v-usa-13-february-1994-244900/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Romania and USA&lt;/a&gt; that was played in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_New_Year_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carlsberg Cup&lt;/a&gt; Hong Kong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The year before, in 1993, USA played in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1993-03-11/sports/sp-1229_1_scoreless-tie&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;goalless draw against Hungary&lt;/a&gt; in Nagoya, Japan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1975, in the Copa de Mexico, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.11v11.com/matches/costa-rica-v-usa-19-august-1975-233423/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA played Costa Rica&lt;/a&gt; in Mexico City.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/results/male.html#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA&lt;/a&gt; lists all of these games as &quot;friendlies&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T11:51:27.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3540" CreationDate="2013-11-22T15:54:40.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit confused to the &quot;no brainer&quot; type of question that this is. &lt;strong&gt;No offense to the user at all.&lt;/strong&gt; I'm just trying to figure out what you are exactly asking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me try to answer this. In all types of sports that require a piece of equipment (ski, board etc.) that allows the athlete to move across a surface (water, snow etc.), the bottom of this piece of equipment has to be smooth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at a snow ski or a snow board, the bottom of these pieces of equipment have to be waxed constantly to provide the smoothest bottom. The smoothness allows the board/ski to glide over the snow with no friction. If there were scratches or dents on the underside, this would cause friction and would result in a slower ride.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also is the same for water sports. If water skis had dents, bumps, scratches etc on the underside, this would result in friction against the water. You want the water to flow underneath the skis/board with no resistance. If you had a scratch or bump on the underside, the water would contact that bump, making you're ride slow with a lot of drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-11-22T15:54:40.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3545" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-22T22:48:10.713" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got $200 on a sports betting website as a gift from a friend, they have different sports but I am most interested in soccer. I have 0 experience in betting, and I also don't know much about soccer (I mean I understand the sport well but I don't watch matches or follow any team). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if someone knows of some websites that provide useful information for betting, like past matches results, which players played that match, news, predictions, etc. (for free)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm editing the question because I can't comment. @Michael Myers: this question is about resources, but sport resources. It's the only stackexchange site I though the question would fit in. I can see other questions here that doesn't seem to be 100% about sports, there's a question about a gun leaking gas, my question is more related to sports than that. But if you think the question should be deleted, then I apologize. Thanks anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1957" LastEditorUserId="1957" LastEditDate="2013-11-22T23:46:57.500" LastActivityDate="2013-11-22T23:46:57.500" Title="Good resources for soccer statistics, news, etc?" Tags="|football|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2013-11-22T23:30:15.460" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3595" CreationDate="2013-11-24T23:29:25.443" Score="7" ViewCount="3384" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned about the conversion safety today, where an NCAA team attempting an extra point can get a one-point safety if the kick is blocked but the defending team takes the ball into the endzone and gets tackled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't figure out if this is the case, but I was wondering if the defending team could score one point in the same way. Suppose the kicking team attempts the extra point, which is blocked and grabbed by the defense, and they run it back - but the player with the ball fumbles it close to the endzone, and a player from the kicking team recovers it but his momentum carries him into the endzone, where he is tackled. I realize this is a very implausible situation, but would this be a way that a team could theoretically finish with a score of 1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T13:33:44.573" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T10:16:46.383" Title="One-point safety by defending team" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3548" CreationDate="2013-11-25T15:34:10.623" Score="4" ViewCount="3093" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, when the ball is in one end of the court, a ball boy usually squeegees the other end. In some cases the ball boy is caught off guard by a steal or an unexpected play and in some cases almost gets in the way of players. Although I have never seen it happen (I'm sure it has), what happens if a ball boy inadvertently interferes with a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the MLB, this same principle happens as well. When a player goes to the side of the field to try to catch a pop fly, sometimes they run into the ball boy. In the MLB, what happens if a ball boy inadvertently interferes with a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see in the picture below, this ball boy is interfering with play B.J. Upton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kldcO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-11-25T16:22:20.850" Title="NBA / MLB ball boy interference" Tags="|rules|mlb|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3547" CreationDate="2013-11-25T16:22:20.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB has clear rules for this circumstance.  If the interference by a ball boy is intentional, the ball is declared dead, and the umpire can do whatever thinks he needs to do to nullify the interference.  If it is unintentional, the ball is still alive and in-play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comments in the official rules also explain what is meant by intentional vs. unintentional actions.  It doesn't matter whether the ball boy was actually trying to interfere, it is whether he was acting intentionally in what he was doing.  So if he is in the wrong spot at the wrong time and gets hit by the ball or the player, that is unintentional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the example photo you posted, he is trying to catch the ball, and that would be considered intentional.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://fansided.com/2013/04/13/kansas-city-royals-ball-boy-runs-in-front-of-rajai-davis-as-he-tries-to-catch-foul-ball-video/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In that game&lt;/a&gt;, it actually turned out that the ball boy missed the ball, the player did not collide with the ball boy, and the umpire did not call interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Official Baseball Rules, 2013 Edition&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 3.15:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.15&lt;/strong&gt; No person shall be allowed on the playing field during a game except players and coaches in uniform, managers, news photographers&#xA;authorized by the home team, umpires, officers of the law in uniform&#xA;and watchmen or other employees of the home club. In case of&#xA;unintentional interference with play by any person herein authorized&#xA;to be on the playing field (except members of the team at bat who are&#xA;participating in the game, or a base coach, any of whom interfere with&#xA;a fielder attempting to field a batted or thrown ball; or an umpire)&#xA;the ball is alive and in play. If the interference is intentional, the&#xA;ball 28 Rule 3.10 to 3.15 shall be dead at the moment of the&#xA;interference and the umpire shall impose such penalties as in his&#xA;opinion will nullify the act of interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3.15 Comment: For&#xA;interference with a fielder attempting to field a batted or thrown&#xA;ball by members of the team at bat or base coaches, who are excepted&#xA;in Rule 3.15, see Rule 7.11. See also Rules 5.09(b), 5.09(f) and&#xA;6.08(d), which cover interference by an umpire, and Rule 7.08(b), which covers interference by a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question of intentional or&#xA;unintentional interference shall be decided on the basis of the&#xA;person’s action. For example: a bat boy, ball attendant, policeman,&#xA;etc., who tries to avoid being touched by a thrown or batted ball but&#xA;still is touched by the ball would be involved in unintentional&#xA;interference. If, however, he kicks the ball or picks it up or pushes&#xA;it, that is considered intentional interference, regardless of what&#xA;his thought may have been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PLAY: Batter hits ball to shortstop, who&#xA;fields ball but throws wild past first baseman. The coach at first&#xA;base, to avoid being hit by the ball, falls to the ground and the&#xA;first baseman on his way to retrieve the wild thrown ball, runs into&#xA;the coach. The batter-runner finally ends up on third base. Whether&#xA;the umpire should call interference on the part of the coach is up to&#xA;the judgment of the umpire and if the umpire felt that the coach did&#xA;all he could to avoid interfering with the play, no inter-ference need&#xA;be called. If, in the judgment of the umpire, the coach was attempting&#xA;to make it appear that he was trying not to interfere, the umpire&#xA;should rule interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-11-25T16:22:20.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2128" CreationDate="2013-11-26T16:27:35.763" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;i think so that there can be 48 made in a single over...four run by running nd while running the fourth run if filder overthrow nd it goes out for boundry then by ths way there is 8 runs per ball and 8*6=48&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1964" LastActivityDate="2013-11-26T16:27:35.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1065" CreationDate="2013-11-26T16:41:38.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds like you are gripping the club to firmly to me. It might be something about your climate as well are you sweating a lot or is it too humid? I have also noticed that your glove needs to dry out properly after play if you just woad it up and through it in your bag then it will get stiff and when you go to play the next round you will possibly rip the glove, sometimes if you rub a little water or spit on the glove to make it a little more pliable this will keep it from ripping. I try to lay mine out flat when I put it in my bag, and it seems to try better that way. Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1965" LastActivityDate="2013-11-26T16:41:38.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2929" CreationDate="2013-11-26T17:26:05.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To string a V pocket is pretty simple. All you need to do is thread the shooting string above your pocket in a V or U shape. This will give your stick more ball control. To get more whip you need to tighten your shooting strings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1966" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-26T21:56:59.120" LastActivityDate="2013-11-26T21:56:59.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3553" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-26T17:34:09.937" Score="4" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read the following article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/magazine/2011-11/kaspriske-fitness-column#ixzz2lm3CgLq0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;A MOUTHPIECE FOR GOLF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds silly, but clenching your teeth can hurt your game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;**Is there any evidence to suggest that such a product may be helpful?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the real question does wearing a mouthpiece allow you to clinch your jaw but not have the side affects of the over all body tension?**&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1965" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T21:53:28.910" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T21:53:28.910" Title="Does anyone have any experience with a mouthpiece for golf?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="992" CreationDate="2013-11-26T17:39:43.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't stress about being the best or worst player on the course. The beauty of golf compared to other sports is that anyone of any ability can play the sport and everyone in the group can enjoy themselves since you are really competing against yourself. Be courteous to those around you and know the basic etiquette rules of golf like not talking during others swings or putts and not walk over their putting lines etc. Also let faster groups behind you through or simply keep up the pace of play stay right behind the group in front of you. If you do this no one else will mind you being on the course with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1965" LastActivityDate="2013-11-26T17:39:43.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3368" CreationDate="2013-11-26T22:20:15.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should go with the 162 size if you feel that you are done growing and won't need a bigger snowboard anytime soon. That way you won't have to buy a new bag if you outgrow your snowboard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1968" LastActivityDate="2013-11-26T22:20:15.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-26T22:22:47.997" Score="7" ViewCount="801" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know anyone that plays squash so I wanted to know among what demographic it is most popular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1968" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T02:05:41.660" Title="What demographic plays squash the most?" Tags="|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3553" CreationDate="2013-11-27T01:37:05.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have no experience using a mouthpiece in golf. I do not recognize myself clenching my jaw in golf, but the closest I would come to such an occurrence is on the downswing of a &quot;power&quot; type of shot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: Perhaps clenching the jaw in golf is akin to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1335/grunting-in-tennis&quot;&gt;grunting in tennis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the article states something I do agree with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the best swings are typically generated from a relaxed state&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate an example, I was facing a tree on my second shot on a par-5 from the rough. I chose 7-iron as 6-iron was risking hitting my ball against the top of the tree. I hit the shot 200+ yards (I typically hit a 7-iron around 185 yards) over the tree to 20 feet from the hole. My swing thought was to hit the shot solid, and I did. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I illustrated the example above to provide that, based on my experience, a &quot;relaxed&quot; swing is the byproduct of practice, having a concise &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3131/527&quot;&gt;swing thought&lt;/a&gt;, and execution moreso than the clenching, or restriction thereof, of my jaw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2013-11-27T01:37:05.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3525" CreationDate="2013-11-27T14:23:37.623" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The captain can be changed at any time during any game, provided he/she is one of the playing eleven (not a substitute player). The law doesn't recognise &quot;farewell matches&quot;, so that is immaterial. Dhoni could have made Mohammad Shami the captain if he wanted to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 1 (The players):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Captain&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If at any time the captain is not available, a deputy shall act for&#xA;  him.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (b) At any time after the nomination of the players, only a nominated&#xA;  player can act as deputy in discharging the duties and&#xA;  responsibilities of the captain as stated in these Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other answer has a lot of misinformation. It is not necessary that the vice-captain should take over. It usually happens, but the law does not require it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the captain's job is not just changing the field, as the other answer seems to imply. The laws are not even concerned with who changes the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specific laws require the captain's involvement. Some examples (there are a lot more):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 2 (Substitutes and runners; batsman or fielder leaving the field; batsman retiring; batsman commencing innings)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  9.Batsman retiring&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt; &#xA;  (b) If a batsman retires for any reason other than as in (a) above, &lt;strong&gt;he&#xA;  may resume his innings only with the consent of the opposing captain&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  If for any reason he does not resume his innings it is to be recorded&#xA;  as ‘Retired - out’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 3: The umpires&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Change of umpire&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An umpire shall not be changed during the match, other than in&#xA;  exceptional circumstances, unless he is injured or ill. If there has&#xA;  to be a change of umpire, the replacement shall act only as striker’s&#xA;  end umpire unless &lt;strong&gt;the captains agree that he should take full&#xA;  responsibility as an umpire&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 5: The ball&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4. New ball in match of more than one day’s duration&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a match of more than one day’s duration, &lt;strong&gt;the captain of the&#xA;  fielding side may demand a new ball&lt;/strong&gt; when the number of overs,&#xA;  excluding any part overs, bowled with the old one is equal to or&#xA;  greater than the prescribed number of overs. The Governing Body&#xA;  responsible for the match concerned shall decide the number of overs&#xA;  applicable in that match. This number shall not be less than 75 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2013-11-27T14:23:37.623" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3557" CreationDate="2013-11-27T16:30:55.277" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squashtalk.com/business/summer07/sp07-8-3.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.squashtalk.com*&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sex:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;84% male.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16% female.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Age&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Under-15, 2%;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16–24, 21%;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25–34, 25%;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;35–44, 26%,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;45–54, 18%;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;55–64, 6%;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;65+, 2%.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;sub&gt;Please note that the data is from 2007&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-11-27T16:30:55.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-28T03:35:44.380" Score="6" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is about baseball hall of fame voting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;em&gt;Voters are the approximately 600 writers who have been members of the BBWAA for 10 consecutive years at any point. *&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this mean if I was a member of the BBWAA for ten years in a row during the 1999-2009 period, i can get to vote?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds counterintuitive so I wanted to make sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1702" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T04:19:01.780" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T04:19:01.780" Title="Who is eligible to vote in the Baseball Hall of Fame election?" Tags="|baseball|participation|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3562" CreationDate="2013-11-28T05:20:42.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Baseball Hall of Fame inductees are voted on by members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).  Once a person has been an active member for 10 years, they are eligible for the Hall of Fame vote.  They can continue to be eligible to vote even after they are no longer an active member if they achieve honorary lifetime member status, which is generally granted to members who have been dues-paying members for 10 years and are no longer active writers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be an active member in the BBWAA, you need to be a writer covering major league baseball for a newspaper, magazine, or major web site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, if you were an active member of the BBWAA during 1999-2009, you would have received a Hall of Fame ballot in the mail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bbwaa.com/hof-elec-req/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBWAA Hall of Fame Election Requirements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bbwaa.com/voting-faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBWAA Voting FAQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bbwaa.com/constitution/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBWAA Constitution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-11-28T05:27:21.763" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T05:27:21.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3565" CreationDate="2013-11-28T06:17:01.613" Score="8" ViewCount="11451" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see a thing in the cricket match broadcast, that the captains are on the pitch with a match official(commentator) and the toss would be done. Then the two captains will talk about the pitch condition, weather and mainly about playing eleven(who are all in and out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the playing 11 from the squad will be listed.(As I saw in the match television broadcast).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When should the playing 11 be decided in a cricket match?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it possible to make any changes in the playing eleven after the&#xA;toss?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T16:48:22.303" Title="When should the playing 11 be decided in a cricket match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|strategy|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3564" CreationDate="2013-11-28T06:40:00.270" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-1-the-players/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 1 (The Players)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2. Nomination of players&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each captain shall nominate his players in writing to one of the&#xA;umpires &lt;strong&gt;before the toss&lt;/strong&gt;. No player may be changed after the nomination&#xA;without the consent of the opposing captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the captain has to decide the playing eleven before the toss. Normally the playing eleven is not changed once it is nominated in writing. But in exception case if a caption wants to change the playing eleven he has to take consent of the opposing captain &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toss_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia - Toss (cricket)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Half an hour before the start of play, the two captains convene and exchange team selection sheets. These list the composition of each side, &lt;strong&gt;which cannot be changed for the duration of the match&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the match includes the toss too&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;. So the playing XI can not be changed after the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toss_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;: If the match is abandoned at any time &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the toss, it stands as a &lt;strong&gt;match played&lt;/strong&gt;. If a match is abandoned &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the toss, it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; considered to have been played at all.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T07:51:15.170" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3568" CreationDate="2013-11-28T12:11:37.303" Score="6" ViewCount="11762" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen the terms on scoreboard like: &quot;retired out&quot; or &quot;retired not out&quot;. What does it mean and what is the different between there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reference:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mohammad Hafeez was retired out in ICC Champions Trophy Warm-up&#xA;Matches, 2013 vs &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/engine/match/634964.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gordon Greenidge was retired not out in 5th Test vs &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63339.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;India&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I have seen &quot;retired out&quot; only on practice matches. Is there any case of &quot;retired out&quot; in international matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-11-29T04:56:15.133" LastActivityDate="2021-12-03T22:00:15.840" Title="What is the difference between &quot;retired out&quot; and &quot;retired not out&quot; in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|history|terminology|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3566" CreationDate="2013-11-28T12:11:37.303" Score="5" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Retired not out&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman retires during his innings because of injury, illness or any other unavoidable reasons, and doesn't resume his innings, he is considered as &lt;em&gt;retired not out&lt;/em&gt;. He can resume his innings after the wicket is fallen or other batsmen is retired. Retired not out is considered as &lt;em&gt;not out&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Retired out&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman retires during his innings for any reason other than injury, illness or any unavoidable reasons, and doesn't resume his innings, he is considered as &lt;em&gt;retired out&lt;/em&gt;. He can resume his innings only with the consent of the opposing captain. Retired out is considered as &lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.9 (Batsman retiring)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T12:11:37.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3566" CreationDate="2013-11-28T12:52:43.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the history of Test match cricket there are only two times a batsman was out by this term retired-out. Both of them are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcountry.com/cricket-articles/The-first-man-to-get-into-Test-record-books-as-retired-out-and-how/17748&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Srilankan&lt;/a&gt; cricket players and both the instances were held in a same &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63947.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;match&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, retired-outs are happened only in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/engine/match/634962.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;warm-up matches&lt;/a&gt; where the result is not as much important. So this dismissal term was not included in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standard dismissal terms&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Retired not-outs are very common as you said, it may be due to any reason, since the batsman can re-enter at anytime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-12-03T22:00:15.840" LastActivityDate="2021-12-03T22:00:15.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3570" CreationDate="2013-11-28T14:54:22.117" Score="11" ViewCount="2258" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a bowler oversteps (or in rare cases, has the back foot touching the return crease) during the delivery stride, the umpire usually calls a no ball while the ball is still in play. On hearing this call, both batsmen could pluck out all three stumps at their end, and run with them to score runs for as long as they like!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;em&gt;Law 28 (The Wicket is down)&lt;/em&gt; (quoted below), the fielding side won't be able to remake the wicket, so neither batsman can be run out. Without doubt, the batsmen doing this would be considered against spirit of the game, but is there anything in the Laws which prohibit it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;1. Wicket put down&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the&#xA;top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wicket is also put down if a fielder strikes or pulls a stump out&#xA;of the ground in the same manner.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;3. Remaking wicket&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a wicket is broken or put down while the ball is in play, it shall&#xA;not be remade by an umpire until the ball is dead. See Law 23 (Dead&#xA;ball). Any fielder may, however, while the ball is in play,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) replace a bail or bails on top of the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) put back one or more stumps into the ground where the wicket&#xA;originally stood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T20:37:36.063" Title="On a no ball, can both batsmen carry the stumps and run forever?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3569" CreationDate="2013-11-29T06:11:26.550" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman carries the stumps deliberately, he is actually obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;1. Out Obstructing the field&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if he &lt;strong&gt;wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. In particular, but not solely, it shall be regarded as obstruction and either batsman will be out Obstructing the field if while &lt;strong&gt;the ball is in play and after the striker has completed the act of playing the ball&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if he carry the stump after playing the ball he is obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 24 (No ball)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;16. Out from a No ball&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any&#xA;   of the Laws &lt;strong&gt;except&lt;/strong&gt; 33 (Handled the ball), 34 (Hit the ball twice), &lt;strong&gt;37&#xA;   (Obstructing the field)&lt;/strong&gt; or 38 (Run out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as per the laws he will be given out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:44:41.637" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:44:41.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3787" CreationDate="2013-11-29T13:42:20.103" Score="4" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a typical situation when a batsman steps out of the crease against a spin bowler to play an attacking shot. However, the ball turns very sharply (due to pitching into a footmark/crack and/or exceptional skill of the bowler), and hits the short leg or silly point fielder (not his helmet), then ricochets on to the stumps. The ball hit the fielder &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; it crossed the batsman. In such case, would the batsman be run out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, if the fielder deliberately &quot;snatches&quot; the ball, it would be considered as significant movement distracting the batsman, and the umpire would call no ball. However, if it happens accidentally, this won't apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See below illustration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;.....+-----SSS-----+    S - stump&#xA;.....|       @     |    B - batsman&#xA;.....+-----@-------+    F - fielder&#xA;.....|   @         |    @ - ball trajectory&#xA;.....| @    B      |&#xA;....@|             |&#xA;..F..|             |&#xA;....@|             |&#xA;.....| @           |&#xA;.....|   @         |&#xA;.....|     @       |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T20:13:22.240" Title="Will batsman be run out if the ball ricochets off short leg/silly point fielder *before* he can play at it?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3577" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-01T12:36:29.713" Score="13" ViewCount="8359" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see the cricket team squads for a tournament/series contain 15 players. From those 15, playing eleven would be sorted for each match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, for the India's tour of South Africa 2013, Indian team has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-india-2013-14/content/squad/692423.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 players in ODI squad&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-india-2013-14/content/squad/692415.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17 players for test matches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if there are any limitations on the squad size for international cricket match series? (i.e. a maximum and minimum count).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-03-08T15:28:41.907" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T14:15:12.623" Title="Are there any size limits on the squad size for international cricket match series?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3580" CreationDate="2013-12-01T17:38:44.483" Score="5" ViewCount="10090" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I skate in hockey skates, but for recreational purposes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if one should really wear two pair of socks? When I was buying skates, they guys in the shop adviced me to wear them, but now when I am suffering ugly lace bites I doubt the logic behind it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the skate feel is more puffy, because of all cushioning from all sides&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the foot is placed higher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I cannot insert anything extra in front, because there is already very little room inside skate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So maybe it is all wrong, and I should go with single pair of socks, get maximum fit from the skates, and forget about wearing anything extra because of the folk-tradition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not looking for &lt;strong&gt;opinions&lt;/strong&gt;, I am looking for hard &lt;strong&gt;reasons&lt;/strong&gt; (and late update: it is from fit perspective, not insulation/warmth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorUserId="1933" LastEditDate="2023-12-07T18:49:27.620" LastActivityDate="2023-12-07T18:49:27.620" Title="Should you or shouldn't you wear two pair of socks?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3578" CreationDate="2013-12-02T16:12:38.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked around and no where can I find instances where skaters wear 2 pairs of socks. I actually found someone's post saying that he did this and his feet slid around too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you wear two socks, your feet will &lt;strong&gt;slide around&lt;/strong&gt; because of the two layers. This causes &lt;strong&gt;foot blisters&lt;/strong&gt; and a decreased amount of &lt;strong&gt;control&lt;/strong&gt; you will have while skating. I hope it makes sense when I say two socks will make your feet slide around yet make the skate tight. You do not want this. You want the skates tight without the aid of wearing two socks. You want the skates to fit perfectly with one pair of socks. A point brought up by many is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you wear double socks, doesn't that mean your skates don't fit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many recommend thin socks or even underarmor-like tights. These allow the skate to be tight on your foot but also allow you to feel where your foot is thus resulting in better performance and control. Some players don't even wear socks with skates. LA Kings goalie Jonathan Quick is  rumored to not wear any socks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-12-02T16:42:35.447" LastActivityDate="2013-12-02T16:42:35.447" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3562" CreationDate="2013-12-02T16:21:34.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add on Ben Miller's answer, which is absolutely correct, the website &lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deadspin&lt;/a&gt; actually legally bought out one BBWAA member to claim the member's vote as Deadspin's vote. This member's name has not been released publicly yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What will happen is that Deadspin will turn the vote over to the Deadspin readers who will then, as a mass, vote on who they want inducted into the Hall Of Fame. Whoever the readers choose, the BBWAA member will then vote for the reader's chosen player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case, A BBWAA member is still voting for a player, but his/her vote is being sourced by readers from a website. The member's name will be published after the vote and will likely result in a firing of that person. Due to this obvious career ending dilemma, many think that this BBWAA member is at the end of his/her career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about this in &lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/deadspin-buys-hall-of-fame-vote-will-turn-it-over-to-d-1467003665&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-12-02T16:31:45.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-02T16:31:45.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3582" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-03T01:18:24.420" Score="1" ViewCount="4826" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the clock for a college football game has one second left on it for the last play, does the whole play count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1982" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-12-03T07:55:13.050" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T08:08:05.673" Title="With the clock having one second left for a college football game does the whole play count when the clock runs out?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3582" CreationDate="2013-12-03T05:47:57.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in college and professional football, the clock does not stop a play.  If the clock runs down to 0 while a play is going on, the quarter is over when the play is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, if certain circumstances occur on the last play (such as specific penalties), the quarter will be extended by one more play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4309-2013-and-2014-ncaa-football-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot;&gt;NCAA Football 2013 and 2014 Rules and Interpretations&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 3 (Periods, Time Factors and Substitutions), Section 2, Article 1 (Length of Periods and Intermissions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a.  No period shall end until the ball is dead and the referee&#xA;  declares the period  ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot;&gt;2013 Official Playing Rules of the NFL&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 4, Section 8 (Extension of a Period or a Half):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 8 Extension of a Period or a Half&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;BALL IN PLAY&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Article 1&lt;/strong&gt;  If&#xA;  time expires at the end of any period while the ball is in play, the&#xA;  period continues until the down ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T05:47:57.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3586" CreationDate="2013-12-04T05:56:01.567" Score="7" ViewCount="3243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a race walker, and am interested to take part in the Olympics. But, as I google for the age limit in Olympic race walking, I find nothing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see many race walkers are 20+ y.o. and I really want to know what is the minimum and the maximum age for Olympic race walking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1817" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T07:22:33.340" LastActivityDate="2014-01-11T07:22:33.340" Title="What is the age limit for racewalking (20k and 50k) for the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|track-and-field|racewalking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3585" CreationDate="2013-12-04T15:09:57.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This took me a long time to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the USA Track &amp;amp; Field &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatf.org/usatf/files/2c/2cf4ef89-b3f9-43fe-82d8-66b94f21c546.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book&lt;/a&gt; for 2013, there is no maximum age limit for the main &quot;OPEN&quot; and &quot;MASTERS&quot; classifications of race walking. There is however a maximum age limit for other classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Classifications&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;OPEN&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Minimum age: 14 years old. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum age: NONE&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Junior&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Minimum age: 14 years old. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum age: 20 years old.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Youth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Minimum age: 14 years old. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum age: 19 years old.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masters&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Minimum age: 35 years old. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maximum age: NONE&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please read below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Except as otherwise provided herein or in USATF's Operating&#xA;  Regulations, the following championship classifications shall be open&#xA;  to all member athletes of USATF who have complied with the&#xA;  requirements of these Rules, the Bylaws, and the Operating&#xA;  Regulations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a)  Open: The Open classification shall have no maximum age limit. In&#xA;  men's and women's long distance running, the Open classification shall&#xA;  be limited to athletes    sixteen (16) years and older on the day of the&#xA;  competition. In Open men's race walking and all other Open women's&#xA;  competition, athletes shall be fourteen (14) years or older on     the&#xA;  day of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Junior: The Junior classification shall be limited to athletes who&#xA;  are fourteen (14) years or older on the day of competition and will&#xA;  not   become twenty (20) years of age duringthe year of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) Youth: The Youth classification shall be limited to athletes who&#xA;  have not attained nineteen (19) years of age as of the final day of&#xA;  the National Junior Olympic Track and Field meet of the year of&#xA;  competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) Masters: In Track and Field and Race Walking, the Masters&#xA;  classification shall be limited to athletes who are at least&#xA;  thirty-five (35) years old on the first day of the meet. In Long&#xA;  Distance Running, the Masters classification shall be limited to&#xA;  athletes who are at least forty (40) years old on the first day of the&#xA;  meet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="752" LastEditDate="2013-12-04T15:15:58.420" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T15:15:58.420" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3058" CreationDate="2013-12-04T17:15:45.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The buyout clause system in Spain is different as well. I don't think that the club even gets involved in the process if a bid matches the release clause. When Man Utd were bidding for Herrera in the summer they had to deposit the money with Herrera, in principle, it is the player, not the buying club, who is supposed to deposit the money with the Spanish football authorities. The Martinez transfer to Bayern Munich apparently took over a month as the buyout clause is so complex due to tax etc. I think that's how the whole embarrassment with the lawyers came about, they didn't realise how complex it would be and tried to save face by denying their involvement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T17:15:45.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1820" CreationDate="2013-12-05T14:33:15.850" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football is definitely not clean, Juventus had their medical department raided in the 90s and it was described as being like a &quot;small hospital&quot;. At the time most of what they were using was not illegal but would be considered doping today. There are also plenty of stories of players being involved in doping without being caught, there is a video of Fabio Cannavaro hooked up to a drip before Parma's uefa cup win. He also failed a test at Juventus which they claimed was due to medicine taken for a wasp sting. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T14:33:15.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3546" CreationDate="2013-12-06T15:44:20.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no way for a team to score just 1 point in American Football (final score 1-0).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an extra point it blocked and returned for a score it will result in 2 points for the returning team.  This is also true if the kick is blocked and does not cross the line of scrimmage, the ball can be advanced by the kicking team for 2 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a Field Goal attempt and the kick is blocked than the defending team can return it for a touchdown (6 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: If a field goal is attempted and partially block and the ball travels past the line of scrimmage it is treated like a punt and can only be recovered by the kicking team if the defending team touches the ball first.  However, I do not believe that the kicking team can advance the ball once it is touched by the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: There is still no way for a team to end up with a final score of 1, however there is another way for a team to end up scoring 1 point other than the usual extra point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp4TeP4rw0s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;HERE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a video of this occurring.  The team can score 1 point after an extra point is blocked, caught outside of the end zone, returned backwards into the end zone, and downed.  This results in 1 point for the kicking team.  As it has to occur after a touchdown the team would therefore score a minimum total of 7 points for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1996" LastEditorUserId="1996" LastEditDate="2013-12-06T16:21:58.673" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T16:21:58.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3546" CreationDate="2013-12-06T16:00:47.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one point safety on the Defense suggested in the previous response may only occur during an Extra Point try by the offense, it's result is the same as a successful extra point by the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically what has to happen is a defensive player commits a safety in the end zone. It's more common in college football as PAT attempts can be returned for 2 points. It happened as recently as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.wsj.com/dailyfix/2013/01/04/2013-fiesta-bowl-oregon-kansas-state-one-point-safety/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 Fiesta Bowl&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this does not allow for the 1-0 score you're seeking. The offense has already scored a touchdown so they have at least 6 points. The play in question ends in 7 total points for the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is incredibly rare in the NFL (hasn't happened since the '40s) because there is no incentive for the defense to try anything strange in the NFL, they just fall on the football and the play is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is no method for the &lt;em&gt;defending&lt;/em&gt; team to score a single point. And there is no way to only score a single point in american football&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-12-06T16:14:06.053" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T16:14:06.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3546" CreationDate="2013-12-06T16:26:30.657" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is possible for a team to end the game with a score of 1 in the NCAA and in the NFL.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could happen in the exact scenario that you mentioned in your question.  On an extra point attempt, Team A (which already has 6 points for a touchdown) fumbles the ball (or has kick blocked).  Team B recovers.*  Team B has a chance to take the ball to the other end of the field.  So Team B runs down the field, but fumbles before he gets to the end zone.  Team A recovers, but gets tackled in the end zone, resulting in a 1 point safety for Team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think this has ever happened, but I don't see why it couldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* Before the 2015 NFL rule change, the ball would have been dead at this point, but now in the NFL the defense can take possession during a conversion attempt and try to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-11-26T05:00:14.400" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T05:00:14.400" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3578" CreationDate="2013-12-06T18:14:26.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found skating barefoot worked best though a thin sock should be fine also.  By going barefoot your skate boot can form to your foot and reduce the amount of slop you would get from wearing a sock (and especially from more than one sock). It is best if the skate boot fits like a glove so you can have better control of the four skate blade edges.  When you skate you have an inside edge and outside edge on each foot being able to control what edge(s) you are on will make you a better skater.  Any slop in controlling your edges results in wasted energy. The only reason I can think of for wearing two socks is to keep your feet warm but if you are skating your feet should be plenty warmm enough.  As far as blisters go if your skates are dry and fit correctly (no slop) you shouldn't get any blisters by skating barefoot.  The only time I got blisters from my skates, when I skated barefoot, was when my skates didn't get a chance to dry properly.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1998" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T18:14:26.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-06T18:22:31.403" Score="1" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;My son is 15 years old and just now is starting to throw curveballs.  Should he limit throwing them and how many should be his maximum per day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1999" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T18:43:35.117" Title="Age appropriateness of throwing curveballs" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-12-09T07:03:10.383" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3597" CreationDate="2013-12-06T18:43:35.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You definitely waited until the right age for you son to start throwing this pitch. It is recommended to wait until the child is 15-16 years old before throwing this pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are very few resources on the web that list the recommended number of pitches a player should throw at this age because everybody is different. But throwing a curve ball at this young of an age is very dangerous if you throw it incorrectly. So you have to be very carful. Throwing a curve ball with bad technique can cause serious elbow injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as he is throwing the curve correctly, he can throw as many as he wants. If he complains about any pain or pinching, stop immediately. If you want to play it safe, take the number of pitches (non curves) he usually throws, cut it in half and have him throw that many that day. Do this until he feels perfectly comfortable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEq5xZvqGXc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; that shows the proper way to throw a curveball without causing injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also agree with what wax eagle said. Talk to your doctor. I'm just trying to make a point that if done incorrectly, your son might injure his elbow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T18:43:35.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3600" CreationDate="2013-12-06T19:50:52.783" Score="10" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that this year they will be introducing a new soccer ball for World Cup. What are the differences between this ball and the ball that was used in previous years? Why did they feel the need to change balls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-06T20:58:44.490" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T13:09:10.307" Title="New soccer ball for 2014 World Cup" Tags="|football|equipment|world-cup|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3599" CreationDate="2013-12-06T19:59:40.707" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Soccer balls are a bit different from the balls in other sports. They are often very colorful and are a significant part of the brands of the companies that make them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike in sports like Baseball and American Football where a couple of suppliers make &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; of the baseballs for pretty much all levels of the game, and they are all identicle except the occasional logo, soccer ball manufacturers make new balls all the time (every year, multiple times a year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These balls usually have unique color schemes, different stitch and panel patterns, all designed for different amounts of visibility, aerodynamics and other properties. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The World Cup ball is special though. It's the signature ball that people will remember for four years. It usually includes colors and designs that are relevant to the home country. The Brazuca is a colorful ball with the star pattern that can be seen on the Brazilian flag. I'm sure there is a huge marketing schpiel, but mostly this is part of creating an enduring symbol for the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the Brazuca seems to be largely &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/06/11/brazuca-world-cup-ball_n_5484968.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;uncontroversial&lt;/a&gt; (literally the first WC ball in my memory to not have a volume of negative articles written about it), the Jabulani from the South Africa WC had a lot of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas_Jabulani#Reception&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;complaints&lt;/a&gt; about it's aerodynamics, causing long shots to float and knuckle in ways that made them very difficult on keepers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T13:09:10.307" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T13:09:10.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-07T21:46:59.177" Score="4" ViewCount="619" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why didn't Oklahoma attempt an extra point after their fumble recovery touchdown on the last play of regulation time in its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20131207_OKLA@OKLAST&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;12/7/13 NCAA game vs Oklahoma State&lt;/a&gt;? Is there a NCAA rule answering this question?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2004" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-12-09T20:42:49.323" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T16:21:51.137" Title="Why didn't Oklahoma attempt an extra point after their fumble recovery touchdown at the end of regulation time in 12/7/13 NCAA game vs OK ST?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3604" CreationDate="2013-12-08T08:01:46.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;NCAA Football Rule 8-2-3-a, covering the &quot;try&quot; (either extra point or two-point conversion), states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The ball shall be put in play by the team that scored a six-point touchdown.&#xA;  If a touchdown is scored during a down in which time in the fourth period&#xA;  expires, the try shall not be attempted unless the point(s) would affect the&#xA;  outcome of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the score had been 34-32 or 33-32 in favor of Oklahoma State or tied 33-33 after the touchdown, then Oklahoma would have attempted the try. But since Oklahoma already had the lead, it was not necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation of &quot;unless the point(s) would affect the outcome of the game&quot; leads me to believe that the try is only attempted if it would help the scoring team; i.e. a team that scores to take a one-point lead as time expires would not have to attempt the try, even though the defense could in theory score two points on a turnover or blocked kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the NFL's rules differ on this point; in the NFL, the try is always attempted except after touchdowns in sudden-death overtime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-12-08T08:01:46.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5855" CreationDate="2013-12-08T19:28:19.447" Score="6" ViewCount="2501" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that seven men most be on the line of scrimmage for the offense at the snap of every play. Growing up I've heard this penalty called a multitude of times and recently I began pondering why in the world it is a rule in the first place. I understand that a lot of rules come into place for either two reasons: competitive balance or safety. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of this particular formation rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-03T13:30:53.563" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T19:16:34.387" Title="What is the purpose for the formation rules?" Tags="|rules|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3616" CreationDate="2013-12-09T03:21:54.870" Score="8" ViewCount="361" Body="&lt;p&gt;I received a sweater several years ago with embroidery on the front.  The image shows the outline of a old-time (American) football team with the numbers 19 34.  Every time I wear it, people ask me what is significant about 1934.  The way I see it, it could either be the year 1934 or a score 19-34.  In either case, I cannot find the significance of 1934 to football.  I suppose that it is possible that it is just a year reflecting the general era.  Any way, could anyone tell me what might be significant about the 19 34?  I have tried Google to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Here is a picture of the sweater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2gX4f.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2005" LastEditorUserId="2005" LastEditDate="2013-12-10T03:21:32.397" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T15:30:34.263" Title="Football and 19 34" Tags="|american-football|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-09T09:24:31.123" Score="6" ViewCount="914" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IPL 2014, Team owners will be able to use there Joker card. Whatever I have read and searched I found that teams can use joker card at time of auction to retain there previous players playing for Team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is actually &quot;Joker Card&quot;? Each team can get how many Joker card? What is limit of using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-09T12:14:11.753" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T14:44:58.520" Title="What is &quot;Joker card&quot; to be used in IPL?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|officiating|strategy|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3610" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-09T10:51:52.463" Score="8" ViewCount="2241" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a problem in the newspaper around 10 years back. Here is the problem&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A scored 250 runs for 9 wickets in 50 overs. Team B was 250 for 0 in 49 overs. Eventually Team A won the match by virtue of losing fewer wickets. Hence Team B to lost 10 wickets in 1 over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main part of this question was no two players were dismissed in the same way. How is it possible to dismiss 10 players in an over such that all the dismissals are unique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Partial Solution 9 players dismissed in an over&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of the over the following sequence of events takes place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsman 1 decides to get dismissed as &lt;strong&gt;Retired Out&lt;/strong&gt; (different from Retired Hurt).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsman 2 is &lt;strong&gt;Timed Out&lt;/strong&gt; as he delays coming to the crease.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The runner on the non-strikers end is dismissed via &lt;strong&gt;Run Out&lt;/strong&gt; as he was backing up too much. Also called Mankading.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Effectively at this point we have dismissed three players without a single ball being bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next six balls allow for the following dismissals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bowled&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Caught&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leg Before Wicket&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stumped&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hit Wicket&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Handled the Ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am unable to find a way of dismissing the tenth batsman as we are now out of balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other option that I believe is &lt;strong&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;, though I am not sure if it is possible to be given out for obstructing the field before a ball is bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2006" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-09T12:01:45.503" LastActivityDate="2023-02-11T22:31:03.673" Title="Dismiss 10 players in an over in unique ways without conceding a run" Tags="|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3609" CreationDate="2013-12-09T11:06:28.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Joker Cards&amp;quot; is a new strategy for teams to retain their players in the team. Using joker cards they can retain more players than previous auctions. A team can retain a player after he is purchased (i.e. successfully bid) by other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;How will it work?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team will be given some numbers of joker cards (probably three). They can use them to retain their players after the player's bid is completed and purchased by other team. E.g. Bangalore has successfully bid for Dwayne Smith, who played for Mumbai last season. If Mumbai doesn't want to let him go, they can use a joker card and retain him in the team. But the only different is that they have to pay him his current market rate (by which Bangalore had bid for him.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;What are pros?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A team can now retain more players than previous auctions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player can be retained by his current market rate (either higher or less or same).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;What are cons?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A team won't have more options to bid for other players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A team has to return a player even after a successful bid.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T11:06:28.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3610" CreationDate="2013-12-09T11:48:09.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some possibilities are there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you are looking at &lt;em&gt;not losing a match&lt;/em&gt; and making every batsmen out in unique ways without any &lt;em&gt;extras&lt;/em&gt;, it is &lt;strong&gt;not possible&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the batting team requires more than 1 run:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First three batsmen out, as you described, without facing a ball. The next batsman is &lt;em&gt;Stumped out&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;wide ball&lt;/em&gt; so the wicket is fallen and still remain 6 balls to bowl and at least 1 run to win. Then next six batsmen is out as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bowled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Caught&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leg Before Wicket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit the ball twice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit Wicket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handled the Ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you are looking at &lt;em&gt;not losing a match&lt;/em&gt; when only 1 run is required to win and making every batsmen out in unique ways with &lt;em&gt;extras&lt;/em&gt; are allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First three batsmen out, as you described, without facing a ball. While the next ball is going to be faced by the next batsman, the batsman attempting to steal a run during the bowlers run up. The umpire intervene and awards 5 runs penalty to fielding side for this unfair act. (here the ball is considered a dead ball - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 42.16&lt;/a&gt;). Still the first delivery is to be bowled. The next batsman is &lt;em&gt;Stumped out&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;wide ball&lt;/em&gt; so the wicket is fallen and still remain 6 balls to bowl and at least 1 run to win. Then next six batsmen is out as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bowled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Caught&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leg Before Wicket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit the ball twice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit Wicket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handled the Ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-09T12:05:08.613" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T12:05:08.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2677" CreationDate="2013-12-09T12:35:52.710" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shoaib Akthar clocked 100 mph at the 2003 World Cup, and he was tested before the match too, its the same World Cup that had Shane Warne kicked out for taking performance enhanced drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2007" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-09T12:54:11.860" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T12:54:11.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3599" CreationDate="2013-12-09T13:47:53.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Guardian had a pretty cool history of the world cup balls with a little info on each of them and how they changed over the years which is worth a look. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/gallery/2013/dec/04/world-cup-football-balls-brazuka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/football/gallery/2013/dec/04/world-cup-football-balls-brazuka&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T13:47:53.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3608" CreationDate="2013-12-09T14:25:58.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I highly doubt it is referring to a score of a game for one reason. NFL scores are never written with the losing team's score listed first. If a team A beat team B 34 to 19, the score would be written 34 - 19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This make it easy to narrow the numbers down to a date. There are two events that are significant with this date&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first being that the 1934 Chicago Bears went undefeated in the 1934 season. The Bears went &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1934/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;13-0&lt;/a&gt; in the regular season.'&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second being that the famous NFL Championship game, known as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_NFL_Championship_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sneakers Game&lt;/a&gt;&quot; was played during this season. This game was played by the Chicago Bears (left) and the New York Giants (right).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HmUjz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bears&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qOhN1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the game, freezing rain froze the field, making the ground as hard as concrete. During the third quarter of the game, the Giant's head coach, Steve Owen, suggested that basketball sneakers would be a better shoe to play in rather than cleats. This resulted in the athletic trainer emptying the basketball locker room of their sneakers and giving the Giant's players these sneaker. The Giants excelled with this change of footwear and won the game 30 - 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T14:25:58.897" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3618" CreationDate="2013-12-09T15:54:40.553" Score="13" ViewCount="619" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, whenever some group, company or organization wants to feature an image of hockey in their print or display media, they use the generic image below that seems to come from an actual game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm very curious about the real origins of this image - where it was taken, who's in it it, etc - and how it became a de-facto image of hockey. Does anyone have any idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JHZGo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Generic hockey image&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1358" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-11T14:26:07.847" LastActivityDate="2019-02-18T18:23:26.473" Title="Origin of this generic hockey photo" Tags="|history|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3617" CreationDate="2013-12-09T17:40:20.690" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm almost positive that this team (in red) are the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spokanechiefs.com/main/index&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spokane Chiefs&lt;/a&gt; from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whl.ca/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WHL&lt;/a&gt;. The jerseys match exactly along with the pants. I looked through the leagues of CHL, WHL, QMJHL and AHL and these were the only jerseys that match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see by the first picture below, the stripes on the jersey match up exactly. If you look in the original photo (with the goalie) you can see a faint blue and white logo on the front of the the other players jersey, this matches the colors of the Cheifs logo. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uTRkh.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uTRkh.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://content.sportslogos.net/logos/11/452/full/hei5xct2nlxytorrg4k98872d.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sportslogos.net&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the 2nd photo, the 2 white and 1 red stripe down the leg matches the goalie as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i135.photobucket.com/albums/q124/cdnuniguy/Juniors/chiefsscore.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for who the player is? That is hard to figure out. The WHL only keeps roster records back to 1996. After going though all these rosters and looking at goalies who wore the number &quot;1&quot;, I came up with this list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whl.ca/roster/show/id/444&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris Sharkey&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/So83S.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whl.ca/roster/show/id/5178&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shane Gris&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;No Picture&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whl.ca/roster/show/id/5458&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Matt Cockell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;No Picture&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After further digging, I'm also almost positive that Spokane Chiefs were playing the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.winterhawks.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Portland Winterhawks&lt;/a&gt;. I came to this conclusion by looking at the arenas that the teams in the WHL play in. On this certain game, the Chiefs were playing AWAY but wearing their HOME jerseys. Sometimes this happens in hockey (another question to be asked in the future).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first reason why I came to this conclusion is the look of the arena. If you compare the given picture with the picture below of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Coliseum_%28Portland%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Memorial Coliseum&lt;/a&gt;, the arena that the Portland Winterhawks play in, you will see many similarities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You see the red outline that borders the main screen on the jumbotron. You also see the rectangular piece that wraps around the bottom on the jumbotron. Both of these features match the given picture above (although the top of the jumbotron in the given picture is cut off.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You also see the red and white banners that are hanging from the ceiling on the side of the rink. These match the banners in the given picture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The next similarity that most people would miss is that both arenas have a unique &quot;gap&quot; in their roofs. A gap that extends up that shows exposed scaffolding. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another similarity that most people would miss is a speaker that is hanging from the roof. If you look in the picture below, the speaker is located between the 3rd and 4th banner to the left of the jumbotron. This speaker is also visible in the picture provided on the left side of the picture in between banners. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DnbOB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last but not least, the Portland Winterhawks AWAY uniforms are made up of an almost all white jersey and solid black pants, as you can see from the picture below. If you compare this jersey with the one you see of the opposing players in the picture provided, these jerseys match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K6jgO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-18T18:23:26.473" LastActivityDate="2019-02-18T18:23:26.473" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3610" CreationDate="2013-12-10T09:19:31.047" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the links provided on the following websites with regards to &lt;strong&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;, it is possible to be given out based on words, so technically you can be given out before the ball is bowled for &lt;strong&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some links&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingpulse.com/get_file.cgi?id=955417&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.sportingpulse.com/get_file.cgi?id=955417&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketforworld.com/2010/01/ways-of-batsman-dismissal-in-cricket.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.cricketforworld.com/2010/01/ways-of-batsman-dismissal-in-cricket.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_the_field&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_the_field&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is possible to given out before the delivery is bowled, based on the words said by the guilty party, then we can indeed have 10 unique dismissals in an over without any extra balls being bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2006" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T09:19:31.047" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3620" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-10T10:42:25.403" Score="6" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/12/15339.html&quot;&gt;formula1.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Double drivers’ and constructors’ points will be awarded at the final&#xA;  race of the Formula One season - Abu Dhabi for 2014 - in order to&#xA;  maximise focus on the championship until the end of the campaign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this rule also apply for the places outside the points (11th-22nd). Does an 11th place in the last race count as two 11th places? That would be important for the small teams without any points at the end of the championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T10:37:21.857" Title="Does the new f1 double points rule apply for all places?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3620" CreationDate="2013-12-10T10:55:55.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This new rule give duplicate points only for the last race of the season, so: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the winner takes 25*2=50 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the second takes 18*2=36 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so on from 3rd to 9th arrived&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the 10th takes 1*2=2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the 11th do not takes points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pilots award only one placement (so no double victory on the same track).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T10:37:21.857" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T10:37:21.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3608" CreationDate="2013-12-10T14:41:19.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;1934 was the year that the Portsmouth Spartans moved to Detroit and became the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Detroit_Lions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Detroit Lions&lt;/a&gt;.  Since the sweater is blue and silver, which are the Lions' colors, I believe that the sweater commemorates the first year of the Detroit Lions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The picture on the sweater is probably based on a 1934 Detroit Lions team photo (perhaps just part of the photo, since it does not appear to be a complete team), but so far I have been unable to find the photo on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-12-11T15:30:34.263" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T15:30:34.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2013-12-10T17:59:42.750" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't forget cone work.  A hockey stop is an exaggerated cut.  Cone work helps build the fundamentals of cutting which then builds to a hockey stop.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T17:59:42.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3630" CreationDate="2013-12-10T21:28:15.497" Score="8" ViewCount="14014" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an american, and I'm new to watching professional soccer. Sometimes I've heard the term 'inverted winger', while paying close attention to context, I cannot make out what it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="387" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T10:12:52.733" Title="What is an inverted winger?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3625" CreationDate="2013-12-11T02:27:44.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;An inverted winger is a winger(wide player) that plays on the side of his/her weaker foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2012" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T02:27:44.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3015" CreationDate="2013-12-11T02:42:05.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Norichika Aoki's first Major League home run broke up a perfect game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aoki's homer traveled only 213 feet in the air, a line drive that skipped past Rockies left fielder Carlos Gonzalez and rolled all the way to the fence in the fourth inning on Friday night at Miller Park.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://milwaukee.brewers.mlb.com/news/print.jsp?ymd=20120420&amp;amp;content_id=29234486&amp;amp;vkey=news_mil&amp;amp;c_id=mil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There ended up being a few more hits but that was the first that came in the fourth inning that day. That's the closest to what you are asking that I have heard of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2012" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-12T20:37:02.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3625" CreationDate="2013-12-11T08:11:31.350" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer LifeHacks gave is correct but somewhat incomplete. What you are asking is a winger that plays on the &quot;wrong&quot; side judging by the foot preference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically you'd want a left-footed player to play on the left side and a right footed player to be on the right side. Mainly because you would typically use the inside of the foot to cross the ball, as the inside of the foot gives more control on the flight path of the ball. If this does not make sense to you right away, consider the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;how does the ball path look like when a crossball is &quot;cut&quot; with the inside (here are two nice examples by beckham: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6QyPrwDwko&quot;&gt;ex1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA1giH_nWnI&quot;&gt;ex2&lt;/a&gt;) or outside (here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy8dATAZQT0&quot;&gt;one such cross&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=SkOTRmSejWs#t=104&quot;&gt;one shot&lt;/a&gt; from Queresma) of the foot? In short, the flight path of the ball is &lt;em&gt;towards&lt;/em&gt; the goalkeeper if you cross with the outside of your foot (assuming right foot, right wing or left foot left wing). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can you pass/cross the ball in, with the outside of the boot, whilst running at high pace? The answer is &quot;most likely not&quot; if you are playing on the wing same side as your dominant foot, simply based on the orientation of your body relative to the ball and to the players inside the box to whom you intend to cross the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of these observations are valid when a player plays on the &quot;right&quot; wing as their dominant foot. If you for example put a right footed player on the left wing, you could &lt;em&gt;in theory&lt;/em&gt; gain the following advantages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the player can cross both with the outside and the inside of the foot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the player can &quot;cut in&quot; and take dangerous shots from around the box as the ball with be on his strong side with the entire 7.35m goal in front of him. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;instead of an trying to cut an early cross, the player can and most likely will want to go deep and dribble in towards the goal (remember where the ball is relative to his body and relative to the goal). This is actually pretty common nowadays; here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=S8dxTHisAE8#t=74&quot;&gt;one&lt;/a&gt; from Arda Turan playing in Atletico Madrid  who typically plays as a left winger even though he almost only uses his right foot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.se/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=6&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;ved=0CDcQFjAF&amp;amp;url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/mar/24/the-question-inside-out-wingers&amp;amp;ei=DR6oUuLUMoj9ygOyzYCwAg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNH9KLbSm__X10QWdq1z2UAv_urSzw&amp;amp;sig2=_hlTiSXDio44ggMiTI4W7A&amp;amp;bvm=bv.57799294,d.bGQ&quot;&gt;an article from the Guardian&lt;/a&gt; link explaining the historical aspect of wingers playing on the &quot;wrong&quot; side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it's more clear now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T08:11:31.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3631" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-11T16:40:26.350" Score="10" ViewCount="3289" Body="&lt;p&gt;Age: 16 - 18&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I analyzed the past two championship teams who won it all in the last two years, and here is what I discovered about the types of players they drafted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Last year's team:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;First Round pick: Quick explosive ball handler&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Second Round pick: Big man&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Third Round pick: Big man&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fourth Round pick: Big man&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there on out, the team drafted mostly all-around role players and ball handlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Champions from two years ago:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;First Round pick: Strong big man&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Second Round pick: Strong big man&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Third Round pick: Ball handler / Three point shooter&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fourth Round pick: Big man / Ball handler&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there on out, the team drafted all-around role players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The obvious pattern here is that in order to build a good team, you should draft big men early. But Team 1 drafted the best player available (which wasn't a big man) and then proceeded to use the next three picks to draft big men. Team 2 made sure it drafted big men early and then went on to draft ball handlers, role players etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at this, what would be a good strategy to build a strong team that doesn't solely rely on perimeter (jump shooting team) but also isn't a slow big team that has good big men but very average ball-handlers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1646" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-12-11T17:01:02.823" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T00:33:19.027" Title="What are some good drafting strategies for a recreation basketball league?" Tags="|basketball|strategy|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3632" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-11T22:25:56.267" Score="5" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's very common to see a figure skater perform two consecutive jumps, and there are some who can add a third one. But I haven't seen anyone performing four consecutive jumps. Is it technically impossible? What's the problem with doing it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1873" LastEditorUserId="15015" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T16:53:28.493" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T16:53:28.493" Title="Four Consecutive Jumps in Figure Skating - an Impossibility?" Tags="|skating|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3633" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-12T16:38:56.530" Score="4" ViewCount="18164" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is pertinent because both sports are played professionally, simultaneously, in September.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It came about, because the Texas Rangers &quot;drafted&quot; the Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson in a Rule 5 Draft. Wilson had played baseball earlier in his career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More to the point, apparently &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deion_Sanders&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Neon&quot; Deion Sanders&lt;/a&gt; actually played both in the late 1980s, with the Atlanta Braves and Falcons. How did he manage it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2013-12-12T18:06:49.277" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T18:58:51.397" Title="How does one play baseball and football (professionally) at the same time?" Tags="|baseball|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3633" CreationDate="2013-12-12T16:54:22.557" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been two men in recent history who have managed to play both professional baseball and professional football at the same time. Deon Sanders and Bo Jackson. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the most basic, the baseball and football seasons don't overlap &lt;em&gt;very much&lt;/em&gt;. Football's preseason and early season does overlap somewhat with baseball's late and post season, and players will have to make a choice between which sport they play during that time (as it would be difficult to be in two places at once to be able to practice with your football team and keep a nightly baseball schedule). However, if you don't practice with the football team (and the team is OK with that), you can in theory play baseball during the week and play football on Sunday, only missing the Sunday (and maybe Saturday or Monday) baseball games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This requires a great deal of good will from both your NFL and MLB teams (and obviously sufficient star power in both sports for them to be willing to let you have this much flexibility). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something that both Sanders and Jackson shared, both were &lt;em&gt;very good&lt;/em&gt; at both sports to the extent that teams were willing to let them do both even though they had to sacrifice a roster spot to a player who would not be there 100% of the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this kind of schedule takes a toll. Sanders eventually chose football, Jackson eventually chose baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-12-12T17:01:15.460" LastActivityDate="2013-12-12T17:01:15.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-12T22:26:03.717" Score="10" ViewCount="11256" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be just me, but I am getting the idea that more and more goals are scored during added time. I would like to see a stat to show if the chance of a goal in added time is higher than in regular time.&#xA;For example, up to now CL matches 6x16x90 minutes gave 261 goals during regulation, 1 every 33 minutes.&#xA;Extra time had 16 goals in 6x16x5 minutes (sorry, was too lazy to look up the exact minutes of added time played), which is a goal every 30 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have the stats over more matches/leagues/years?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2022" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T05:37:26.433" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T13:49:51.280" Title="What is the percentage of goals scored during added time?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3637" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-12T23:11:39.743" Score="1" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;The padding is some kind of foam, or sponge. You can squeeze it, every piece of it works independently, so lace make a line in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guard is some kind of plastic. You cannot squeeze it, entire guard works as one piece, so lace has a surface of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lowest models of Vapors line is X.70, and of Supremes One.7 (the thickness of the guard is different though). Lower models have only padding (foam).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The question is&lt;/strong&gt; -- what is the lowest model of Nexus that comes with guard, not padding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Please don't quote official Bauer website, it is incorrect for Vapors for sure, so I would not like to rely on it for Nexus.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-13T17:29:24.257" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T17:29:24.257" Title="What is the lowest model of Nexus line with guard in the tongue?" Tags="|equipment|skating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7202" CreationDate="2013-12-12T23:22:12.720" Score="3" ViewCount="505" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will baking give me something that (after some time) breaking in will give me as well? Or will it be completely &quot;new quality&quot; not reachable by simply skating (even for long period)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the latter, is baking a must just right after shopping, or one can skate, say, for a week and then bake the skate. This is safer for potential selling skates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I have Bauer Supreme One.7 and Vapor X.70 in mind.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-13T17:28:56.753" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T16:32:32.563" Title="Is baking the skates equivalent of quicker breaking them in?" Tags="|equipment|skating|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3639" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8560" CreationDate="2013-12-12T23:22:41.290" Score="6" ViewCount="8409" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing Snooker for more than 4 months. Sometimes I can pull some decent performance off, other times I find myself struggling even with the simplest shots. It is like one day I can see clearly the point I have to aim at and I can cue perfectly straight, the following day I can't visualise the shots and if I aim for one side of an object ball, the cue ball will end up hitting it on the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how can I become more consistent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2023" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-17T15:11:06.433" LastActivityDate="2018-07-10T09:49:34.587" Title="How can I be consistent in Snooker?" Tags="|training|performance|snooker|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3625" CreationDate="2013-12-13T10:07:34.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Posdef has explained in detail what an inverted winger is. However let me get into a bit more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer players no matter how good they are  always rated by their goal-scoring ability. So there are a lot of wingers who are amazing goalscorers but will not play as total forwards as being in midfield will allow them to get more of the ball. Ex Messi, Ronaldo, Ribery, Robben. And if you see, all these players will always play as inverted wingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ronaldo perhaps is the Best amongst all of these as he doesnt seem to have a weaker foot but he is not ambidextrous, so his right foot is his stronger foot and hence he tends to play on the left side of midfield so he can cut in and score goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1773" LastEditorUserId="1773" LastEditDate="2013-12-13T10:12:52.733" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T10:12:52.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-13T12:01:30.230" Score="9" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the non-striker, holding his gloves, drops one of them and the ball in play&#xA;touches it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1593" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-12-13T14:11:47.493" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T09:00:30.700" Title="What happens if the non-striker, holding his gloves, drops one of them and the ball in play touches it?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3749" CreationDate="2013-12-13T14:07:59.567" Score="9" ViewCount="1056" Body="&lt;p&gt;ICC has been conducting &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Test_cricket&quot;&gt;test cricket matches for women&lt;/a&gt; since 1934. We can also see some recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/593722.html&quot;&gt;test matches&lt;/a&gt; for women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, there is no official ICC rankings were provided by ICC for women's test cricket. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/&quot;&gt;Rankings&lt;/a&gt; are available only to ODIs and Twenty20I matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason for not having rankings for women in Test matches?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does ICC has any limitations(no. of matches/ no. of nations) to provide ranks for particular format of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-01-03T00:23:51.637" Title="Why there is no ICC rankings for women's test cricket?" Tags="|cricket|icc|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3636" CreationDate="2013-12-13T15:30:23.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you talking about time added on? Statistically a team has more chance of scoring the longer a game goes on. I read an interesting article on it where the writer said a goal in the 80th minute is 40% more likely than a goal in the 10th as an example of how a goal is more likely the longer a game goes on. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://statscream.blogspot.ie/2010/04/football-goal-times-in-brief.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://statscream.blogspot.ie/2010/04/football-goal-times-in-brief.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;According to an article on the Guardian there has been 3532 goals scored between 81-90+ (the next highest is 2598 in 41-50 mins) so that backs up the other articles claims.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/oct/30/the-knowledge-premier-league-minutes-goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/oct/30/the-knowledge-premier-league-minutes-goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T16:38:43.093" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T16:38:43.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3645" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-13T17:39:21.150" Score="2" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket playing countries like Australia, South Africa and England, pitches often are thought to support fast and swing bowling. But in the Asian subcontinent and other countries, pitches are typically not too bouncy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do cricket pitches vary? Will the weather conditions play a role in affecting cricket pitches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2025" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-14T17:12:28.523" LastActivityDate="2013-12-14T17:12:28.523" Title="How does the nature of cricket pitches vary?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-12-16T20:21:43.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3649" CreationDate="2013-12-13T17:50:13.017" Score="7" ViewCount="2716" Body="&lt;p&gt;They always say in commentary that the outfield is very fast? what does it exactly mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2025" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-03-18T13:21:51.973" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T03:46:47.463" Title="What is meant by a &quot;fast outfield&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3647" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-13T17:55:14.123" Score="11" ViewCount="1477" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Under which conditions are sportspeople  eligible to compete at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiade&quot;&gt;Universiade&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, I also wonder to which extent it is common that same person represents a country at both world championships and universiade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried to Google for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=universiade+olympic+medal+site%3awikipedia.org&quot;&gt;universiade olympic medal site:wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt; to see whether I find some people who won medals at both Universiade and Olympic games. Going through the first few pages of results of that search I have noticed &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Sotomayor&quot;&gt;Javier Sotomayor&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Beard&quot;&gt;Amanda Beard&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that this is less common in the most popular (and best paid) sports such as football, ice-hockey, basketball. (I suppose that not many players would risk injury at a less prestigious event. I am also not sure about the collision of the dates with other competitions; professional teams probably would not be willing to let an important team member to leave their professional team for Universiade.) However, I do not have any data to support this guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2013-12-13T18:07:55.330" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T16:52:36.180" Title="Who can compete at Universiade?" Tags="|rules|international-sports|universiade|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2013-12-13T19:41:26.393" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The United States does use a relegation model, but it is the struggling player(s) who gets relegated to a team in the minor leagues, rather than relegating the entire team. It has the same effect of ensuring that only the best play in the top league; the system is just organized differently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons it is done this way, but the most obvious is that the talent gap between, say, and NBA team and a Developmental League team, is huge. No D-League squad could come close to competing with even the worst NBA team. Asking them to would not make much sense, and no one would go to see the games because they would be completely one-sided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2026" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2013-12-14T00:26:57.667" LastActivityDate="2013-12-14T00:26:57.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3646" CreationDate="2013-12-13T20:01:08.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means that the ball, when hit along the ground, will travel quickly. The &quot;speed&quot; of an outfield can be affected by two major factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Length of the grass&lt;/strong&gt; - if the outfield has been cut short, there will be less friction on the ball as it travels over it, and hence the ball will decelerate at a slow rate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Moisture&lt;/strong&gt; - a damp outfield will cling to the ball, slowing it down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T20:01:08.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-16T03:17:29.590" Score="10" ViewCount="1102" Body="&lt;p&gt;When playing squash, sometimes I can get my forehand and backhand shots to go straight and close to the wall. Other times, I get the timing slightly off, and they either go away from the wall, or bounce off it on their way to the front. Either way, they end up more towards the middle of the court than planned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I watch professional matches, I see that they (almost) always get their shots to go very straight and tight to the wall. All their practice has paid off! While I doubt I'll ever attain their levels, I'd like to improve, and ideally improve faster than just playing the game will give me. So, I believe I'll need to spend time doing dedicated exercises / training routines / practices, I've just no idea what they should be!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any practice/training exercises I can do, either on my own or with a friend, which will help me to get the timing better, to play shots more close and parallel to the wall?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="300" LastEditorUserId="300" LastEditDate="2014-03-31T17:20:26.760" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T21:34:42.297" Title="How can I practice to get my squash shots closer to the wall?" Tags="|technique|training|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3655" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-16T09:36:24.687" Score="1" ViewCount="1636" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the striker be dismissed, Caught, if the ball is deflected off an umpire before that fielder takes the catch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1593" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-17T05:52:07.690" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T05:52:07.690" Title="Can the striker be dismissed, Caught, if the ball is deflected off an umpire?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2013-12-18T14:34:38.853" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3655" CreationDate="2013-12-16T09:52:20.187" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 32 of the Laws of cricket here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;fair catch&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) a fielder catches the ball after it has touched an umpire, another fielder or the other batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-16T09:56:37.263" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T09:56:37.263" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2013-12-16T13:29:37.033" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the light of the existing answers, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_sports_league_organization&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia link given in the first comment&lt;/a&gt; to the OP, I believe the only factual answer one can give is: the difference in the business model. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The franchise system, used in the Northern American leagues, both for the league itself and the teams, aim to secure and maximise the interest and viewership for the sport in question. It is partially because the sport itself is birthed as a business with an interest in profit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many sports associations in Europe, starting presumably with football, is formed based on &#xA;organised competition. The goal is not to maximise viewership or profits, but rather sportive success both in athleticism and management. I guess one could also argue that in Europe the common idea is that &lt;em&gt;the club belongs to the fans and tradition&lt;/em&gt;, rather than he/she who pays the most. Admittedly, larger leagues have become huge franchises based on TV-sales, but it is still unthinkable to see establish clubs move or change their profile (i.e. color, logo etc). It is simply unthinkable that Steven Gerard playing for any other club, or Liverpool FC would, for instance move to London or anywhere actually. This is a common recurring event in the franchise model, where teams move around the nation (here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivzrbp_WR8w&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;parody of franchise relocations&lt;/a&gt; from Baseketball the movie). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, relegation/promotion model aims to optimise the sportive success rather than viewership and tv-profits. I hope that answers your question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T13:29:37.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3646" CreationDate="2013-12-16T15:07:20.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The outfield is a sporting term used in cricket and baseball to refer to the area of the field of play further from the batsman or batter than the infield, and in association football to players outside the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They always say in commentary that the outfield is very fast? what it is exactly mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Quick/Fast Outfield refers to the outfield which has a less friction offered when ball travels on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In simple words the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outfield&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Outfield&lt;/a&gt; where the ball travels much faster than the regular outfields can be called quick/fast outfield.This may be because of the grass height/a dry outfield as suggested by Spinner in his answer or it may be even because of the slope of the ground which affects in acceleration of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As quoted by many commentators/batsmen/captains the quick outfield helps the batting side to score more amount of runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T03:46:47.463" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T03:46:47.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1842" CreationDate="2013-12-16T15:23:00.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A kickoff takes place from the kicking team's 40 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the kicking team receives say, a five yard penalty, they get to kick off from their 45 yard line instead. That is closer to the opponent's goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the receiving team receives the five yard penalty, the point of the kick off is pushed BACK to the kicking team's 35 yard line, that is, farther from the goal of the receiving team. All other things being equal, the receiving team will start an average of five yards further forward from where they would otherwise have been. This was the actual case in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T15:23:00.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3661" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-16T18:38:46.960" Score="12" ViewCount="4569" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A is still down by two points with less than one minute remaining in the game and they are kicking off to team B after just scoring a touchdown. Team B realizes they are going to try an onside kick and at last minute brings their return man up right behind their first line of defense-men. As team A is kicking the ball, the return man raises his hand for a fair catch in accordance with Rule 10. As the ball is kicked sideways and the return man runs toward it, he is blocked both by his own men and players from the other team from reaching the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the question:  Would this be legal under the rules? Would the ref call some type of foul on either team? Is the return man entitled to a clear path to the ball under this scenario? And if not, please cite the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: I'm intrigued by Michael's response; but not yet quite satisfied. Let's add another facet to the scenario. Let's say the wind is blowing hard when Team A is kicking off and they can't keep the ball on the tee and they opt to drop kick the ball as provided in the rules. So has the ball touched the ground and now the kick off receiver can't call a fair catch no matter where he is standing? And if that is the case; wouldn't be better for every team to drop kick the ball so they could run down and tackle the opposing return man?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2039" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-26T21:54:48.763" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T21:54:48.763" Title="On an onside kick, what happens when a return man signals fair catch and is obstructed from reaching the ball?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3661" CreationDate="2013-12-16T19:17:28.847" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me quote from the rule you have cited. &lt;strong&gt;Rule 10, Section 2, Article 1&lt;/strong&gt; of the NFL Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Fair Catch is an unhindered catch of an airborne scrimmage kick that has crossed the line of scrimmage, or of an airborne free kick, by a player of the receiving team who has given a valid fair catch signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key word is &quot;airborne&quot;. Once the kick has bounced, it is no longer considered airborne.  If the onside attempt is a &quot;pooch&quot; (short high kick), then &lt;em&gt;even if no one signals for a fair catch&lt;/em&gt; the kicking team would be penalized if they interfered. By &lt;strong&gt;Section 1, Article 1, item 2&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A receiver who is moving toward a kicked ball that is in flight has the right of way. If opponents obstruct his path to the ball, or cause a passive player of either team to obstruct his path, it is interference [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, note the qualification &quot;in flight&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why most onside kickers attempt to either roll the ball along the ground or kick it down hard so that it bounces high. A high bouncing kick is ideal, since the bouncing is likely to slow it down enough that the kicking team can get into position and block the receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;airborne&quot; and &quot;in flight&quot; are not explicitly clarified anywhere in the NFL rules that I can find. A high bouncing kick could be construed as airborne by the dictionary definition; in fact, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Latest+News/2012/August/Rules+changes+will+affect+fall+sports&quot;&gt;the NCAA has recently made exactly this decision&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, receiving teams can call for a fair catch on onsides kicks that are driven directly into the ground but that don’t bounce a second time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL has no such rule, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL Official Casebook clarifies the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.R. 10.8 INVALID SIGNAL—KICKOFF HITS GROUND&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  On an onside kick from the A35, A1 “tops” the ball causing it to go down into the ground and then bounce high in the air to the A46 where it comes down to waiting B1. B1 signals for a fair catch, but just before B1 catches the ball, A2 blocks him aside and the ball hits the ground and is recovered by B3 at the A45.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Ruling:&lt;/strong&gt; B’s ball, first-and-10 on B49. Invalid fair-catch signal as the ball had hit the ground, so the action by A2 was legal. Spot enforcement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(hat tip &lt;a href=&quot;http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/12682192#12682192&quot;&gt;wax eagle&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2013-12-16T20:47:03.827" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T20:47:03.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3646" CreationDate="2013-12-17T12:02:37.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;em&gt;Fast Outfield&lt;/em&gt; means where grass or friction is less and the ball travels quickly to the boundary after hitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2042" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-17T13:19:11.533" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T13:19:11.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3639" CreationDate="2013-12-17T15:02:45.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NOTE: My answer is not specific to snooker, but attempts to provide insight toward what, I believe, you are experiencing. &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consistency comes from &lt;strong&gt;practice, practice, practice&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a golfer, I have experienced performances you have had in snooker.  Some days, I'm playing well. Other days, not so much. You have been playing snooker for 4 months. I have been playing golf for 15+ years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/fandom/post/_/id/2026/allen-iversons-practice-rant-10-years-later&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;We're sitting here talking about &lt;strong&gt;practice&lt;/strong&gt;, not a game&lt;/a&gt;. During &lt;strong&gt;practice&lt;/strong&gt;, you get an idea of what you have to work with a given performance (akin to &quot;one day I can see clearly the point I have to aim at ... the following day I can't visualize the shots&quot;) and an opportunity to further understand how you perform.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are in a less-than-favorable situation (in your case, can't visualize the shot), &lt;strong&gt;practice&lt;/strong&gt; will help you mitigate it. Mind you, mitigation doesn't necessarily mean &quot;strive for peak performance,&quot; but it will help turn an unfavorable situation into something manageable and turn a potentially bad performance into something better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more consistent overall, &lt;strong&gt;practice&lt;/strong&gt; will give you the opportunity to continue to do what you are doing well, and improve on what you are not doing so well. You will never arrive, because what you are doing well now and what you need to improve on will change and swap over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Main points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Understand your style of play and embrace it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Learn how to mitigate less-than-favorable situations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continue to do what you are doing well and improve on what you are not doing so well&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully, with these points, you can be more consistent in snooker (or any sport you're playing in).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T15:02:45.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3668" CreationDate="2013-12-17T17:18:55.207" Score="1" ViewCount="1178" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ODI and Test they introduce a new ball in between the course of the match,which favours the seamers. What is frequency of overs in test matches for a new ball to be introduced,because it is a longer format game compared to ODI ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2025" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-12-18T05:31:45.847" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T12:28:21.023" Title="What is the frequency of overs to introduce a &quot;new&quot; ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-12-18T11:29:54.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3667" CreationDate="2013-12-17T19:06:22.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;2000 code&quot; of the Laws of Cricket stated (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20170702052655/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.4&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a match of more than one day’s duration, the captain of the fielding side may demand a new ball when the number of overs, excluding any part overs, bowled with the old one is equal to or greater than the prescribed number of overs. The Governing Body responsible for the match concerned shall decide the number of overs applicable in that match. This number shall not be less than 75 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Governing Body for Test matches, the ICC, have set this number at 80 overs. Therefore, in Tests, although there is no obligation to do so, the fielding captain may request a new ball after &lt;strong&gt;80 overs&lt;/strong&gt;. The 2017 code updated the Laws slightly so that the number was fixed at 80 overs for all competitions (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 4&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, according to Law 5.3, either captain may request a new ball at the beginning of an innings; this is the normal course of events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T12:28:21.023" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T12:28:21.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3673" CreationDate="2013-12-18T09:18:00.640" Score="11" ViewCount="5479" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never seen this happen before but it happened twice in one game recently (by 2 different players!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shuttle hit the tape and went over the net but then got caught and never hit the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of us were sure what the rules said on this one.&#xA;Does the shuttle have to hit the ground before anyone wins the point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We played it as a let but I wondered what the official line was on this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it matter whether this happens during serve or mid rally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2046" LastActivityDate="2021-08-24T09:31:51.293" Title="Shuttle getting stuck to the net after crossing" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3671" CreationDate="2013-12-18T10:34:06.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It must be treated as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.angelfire.com/ab2/OxfordBadminton/Rules.html#Lets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;let&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire) to halt play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 'let' may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If a shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top or, after passing over the net, is caught in the net, it is a 'let' except&#xA;  on service&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If during service, the receiver and server are both faulted at the same time, it shall be a 'let'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the server serves before the receiver is ready it shall be a 'let'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle, it shall be a 'let'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision, it shall be a 'let'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 'let' may occur following a service court error; see Law 12.3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a 'let' occurs, the play since the last service shall not count and the player who served shall serve again, except where Law 14 is applicable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other links supporting the same are :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.angelfire.com/ab2/OxfordBadminton/Rules.html#Lets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;angelfire.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080714060318AAOufqE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;yahoo answer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-information.com/rules-of-badminton.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;badminton-information.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T11:03:09.503" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:03:09.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3671" CreationDate="2013-12-18T11:53:21.130" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According the official &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=516821&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAWS OF BADMINTON&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, set by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/default.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton World Federation&lt;/a&gt;, chapter 14 is affected: &lt;em&gt;LETS&lt;/em&gt;. Here the different situations are outlined when you need to play a let and in paragraph 14.2.3 &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jhXBM.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the following about that is mentioned&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;14. LETS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.1 ‘Let’ shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2 It shall be a ‘let’, if:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2.1 the server serves before the receiver is ready (Law 9.4);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2.2 during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2.3 after the service is returned, the shuttle is:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2.3.1 caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14.2.3.2 after passing over the net is caught on the net;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From your description, it seems as if the second subparagraph is applicable: 14.2.3.2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your second question, it does matter when it happens. The title of &lt;em&gt;14.2.3&lt;/em&gt; states that it is only valid, when the service is returned. So, if it were to happen during a backhand low service for example, then a point would be given to your opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2013-12-18T16:02:02.140" LastActivityDate="2013-12-18T16:02:02.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3773" CreationDate="2013-12-18T15:12:41.340" Score="4" ViewCount="563" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between a hockey stop and a power slide.  After watching demonstrations of both I can't see a difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-18T16:52:18.523" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T07:09:51.440" Title="What is the difference between a power slide and a hockey stop?" Tags="|terminology|skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2525" CreationDate="2013-12-18T15:25:08.277" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The penalty kick is a kind of penalty used &lt;em&gt;if and only if&lt;/em&gt; a team commits an offense warranting a direct free kick inside its own penalty area, in which case, a penalty kick is used &lt;em&gt;instead&lt;/em&gt; of the direct free kick. As this does not apply to indirect free kicks, nothing is special there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only special case here is that there are specific offenses warranting an indirect free kick which apply only inside your own penalty area; those are specific for the goalkeeper. (Not that those offenses would be handled specially inside the penalty area, just that they cannot occur anywhere else by definition/plain logic.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, an indirect free kick inside the penalty area is awarded to the attacking team if either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the goalkeeper of the defending team commits any of the following four offenses:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it from his possession&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;touches the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has touched another player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or if any player of the defending team&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;impedes the progress of an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;s&gt;prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands&lt;/s&gt; (which is obviously impossible inside your own penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe indirect free kicks for the “generic” offenses are quite rare in penalty area; the offense would usually be either ignored completely, or a “similar” offense warranting a direct free kick and therefore a penalty kick would be ruled instead, etc. However, these &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; happen. A quick example video found with Google: during the 36th minute of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/match/63272/real-madrid-cf-vs-sevilla/play-by-play&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid CF vs Sevilla&lt;/a&gt; on April 29, 2012, Fazio played with a high foot on Ronaldo inside the penalty area, and an indirect free kick against Sevilla for playing in a dangerous manner was awarded. See this YouTube video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gnOfzQE8nY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Free kick inside the penalty box ? Real Madrid v Sevilla 29&lt;/a&gt;. (Please disregard the confused/mistaken title and some comments).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And note that there is one specialty regarding the procedure for an indirect free kick awarded to the attacking team: If the indirect free kick was awarded inside the goal area, the kick must be taken on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the infringement occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-09-29T13:22:59.880" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T13:22:59.880" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3727" CreationDate="2013-12-18T20:06:41.633" Score="7" ViewCount="588" Body="&lt;p&gt;To train acceleration for (American) football, I would start in the usual wide receiver stance and do 10, 20 yard runs, and up to perhaps 1 or 2 30 yard runs at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for soccer, we don't start in the usual WR stance when we start running. We are usually jogging already or we will be at a stop/walking. Then when the ball comes our way, we start sprinting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if it is optimal to train acceleration starting in the WR stance. I am thinking of changing to the two point stance as shown in the picture below. The problem is that I do not know if it is optimal. I think that if I train in the WR stance, I will have a slow acceleration due to not being in the right position when I start running. However, I am sure I am much faster beginning in this stance. &lt;strong&gt;I am not sure, and I come to ask.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question in short: Should I train acceleration starting in the WR stance or the two point stance as shown below (look at the white jerseys)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; A third option I just thought about is to do the WR stance and emphasize one-legged exercises when weight-lifting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pJGRY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;two point stance&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastEditorUserId="1971" LastEditDate="2013-12-19T18:59:35.677" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T06:13:17.790" Title="Difference between stances in training acceleration for soccer" Tags="|football|american-football|technique|running|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3677" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3796" CreationDate="2013-12-19T02:16:01.050" Score="5" ViewCount="7670" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a few related questions about traveling in basketball. I get the general idea, but I am not sure about some specific cases. They all involve the pivot foot leaving the ground. The first three cases are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You catch the ball standing on one leg. Then you jump off that&#xA;leg and land on &lt;em&gt;both feet&lt;/em&gt; at the same time. (I understand this is&#xA;not a travel, but I am asking to make sure).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You catch the ball standing on one leg. Then you jump off that&#xA;leg and land on &lt;em&gt;the non-pivot foot&lt;/em&gt; (i.e., the other leg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You catch the ball standing on one leg. Then you jump off that&#xA;leg and land on &lt;em&gt;the pivot foot&lt;/em&gt; (i.e., the same leg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My next series of questions basically asks if it matters is you touch your non-pivot   foot to the ground before doing the jump. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You catch the ball standing on one leg. You touch your other foot&#xA;to the ground and raise it again. Then you jump off that leg and&#xA;land on &lt;em&gt;both feet&lt;/em&gt; at the same time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You catch the ball standing on one leg. You touch your other foot&#xA;to the ground and raise it again. Then you jump off that leg and&#xA;land on &lt;em&gt;the non-pivot foot&lt;/em&gt; (i.e., the other leg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(This one is definitely a travel) You catch the ball standing on&#xA;one leg. You touch your other foot to the ground and raise it again.&#xA;Then you jump off that leg and land on &lt;em&gt;the pivot foot&lt;/em&gt; (i.e., the&#xA;same leg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which if any of these are travels? Also, does it matter if you were instead to catch the ball in the air and then land on one leg, instead of just catching the ball on one leg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2049" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2013-12-19T15:26:18.513" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T14:48:00.263" Title="Traveling rules in basketball" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3671" CreationDate="2013-12-19T09:22:06.157" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it makes a difference whether it's the serve or in general play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules only apply if the shuttle at least gets to the top of the net (or over it) before becoming stuck. If you hit it too low and it gets stuck in the middle of the net without going over first, that's a fault and you lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It shall be a ‘fault’:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;....&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;13.2 if, &lt;strong&gt;in service&lt;/strong&gt;, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13.2.1 is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13.2.2 after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13.2.3 is hit by the receiver’s partner;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.2 It shall be a ‘let”, if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;....&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;14.2.3 &lt;strong&gt;after the service is returned&lt;/strong&gt;, the shuttle is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14.2.3.1 caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14.2.3.2 after passing over the net is caught in the net;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/documents/bwfHandbook2010.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:02:14.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3680" CreationDate="2013-12-19T11:18:03.333" Score="12" ViewCount="1325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember playing &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championship_Manager&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Championship Manager&lt;/a&gt; way back in 1999 and the Brazilian league was split into two different championships and I noticed that the league in Argentina is similar. They both have different names (Apertura and Claustura I think) and I was wondering what the reasoning behind this decision is? Are they considered separate to each other or does your final position in one affect your starting position in the second league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-16T08:14:04.940" LastActivityDate="2021-08-16T08:14:04.940" Title="Why were the Argentinian and Brazilian Leagues split in two parts?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3679" CreationDate="2013-12-19T12:31:55.470" Score="6" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Note: the answer below is outdated as of 2021, it was valid only until 2014. After that, the Argentinian league again reverted to the European format. See other answers for more recent information.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, the Brazilian league is currently not split. It plays like a standard round-robin league where each team plays each of the others twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Argentinian league is split into two tournaments. The &amp;quot;Torneo Initial&amp;quot; runs from August to December and the &amp;quot;Torneo Final&amp;quot; from February to June. You can take this split literally, as basically it means that if it was a 'regular' European season, the first half would count as part of the torneo initial, while the second half of the matches would be part of the torneo final and thus in each tournament each team would play each other once. With all return fixtures part of the other &amp;quot;Torneo&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the winners of both leagues play eachother to determine the overall winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of each season, the two teams with the worst three-year averages and the worst positioned team in the season table are relegated. Newly promoted teams only average the seasons since their last promotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="517" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-16T08:12:19.123" LastActivityDate="2021-08-16T08:12:19.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1376" CreationDate="2013-12-19T16:38:53.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.racingrulesofsailing.org/rules?part_id=53&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Low point scoring system&lt;/a&gt; is used. The winner is the boat with the lowest score at the end of the event or series of races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first boat across the line gets 1 point, the second 2 points, the third gets 3 and so on. For boats who are entered but did not start (cross the start line legally)(DNS), Did not finish (DNF) or were disqualified (DSQ), they will be given scores equal to the number of boats entered - (minus) 1, 2 or 3. Often DNF has a slightly lower score than DNS and DSQ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a longer series it is common for one or more result to be &quot;discardable&quot;. Most sailing &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sailing.org/raceofficials/eventorganizers/scoring_systems.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoring software&lt;/a&gt; will automatically discard each competitor's worst result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, across a series of 5 races each with ten boats, a boat which one every race would be given 5 points. If they missed a race (and weren't able to discard the result), they might get 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 11 = 15 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of points ties, the later results are usually given more weight (as in the case of the Olympic medal race).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantages of this system are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Boats can skip a race and still compete in the rest (especially if it is discarded).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It easily handles variable numbers of entrants in different races. A first is still worth as much, even if many boats didn't show up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Applying penalties is straightforward.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Details of the scoring can be found on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://raceadmin.ussailing.org/Assets/Race+Admin/Race+Officers/Documents/PDF/AppA-Guidance-V4-0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Sailing site&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rya.org.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Racing/RacingInformation/RaceOfficials/Resource%20Centre/Best%20Practice%20Guidelines%20Policies/Scoring.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UK's RYA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastEditorUserId="1145" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T16:11:14.540" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T16:11:14.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3692" CreationDate="2013-12-20T15:34:25.403" Score="8" ViewCount="1882" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me preface this question by stating that I'm a youth hockey ref, and we don't have video goal review in our games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had a situation the other night where a shooter fired a shot from about midway up the inside of the circle nearest to me, it hit the post nearest to me, and bounced out at an angle of (about 60 degrees) to the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SmlVk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Approximate Path of Shot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, standing at the goal line (probably 2-3 ft from the post it struck) it looked like it had completely crossed the goal line before bouncing out. I signaled a goal, and of course the coach argued emphatically that it wasn't a goal. His argument was that it was &quot;physically impossible for it to hit the side post and bounce out in the opposite direction&quot; and still have completely crossed the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is whether or not this is physically possible. In this particular situation, the goal post is itself wider than the goal line by probably almost an inch, so my suspicion is that, if it hit the inside corner of the post, it could bounce out at the angle we saw and still have completely crossed the line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, this seems like it would be extremely rare, so whether or not I made the correct call is totally different, but I'm wondering about the physical potential for this to have happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2056" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T03:03:40.290" Title="Is is possible for the puck to hit a side post and still completely cross the goal line?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3686" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T12:18:34.510" Score="8" ViewCount="3409" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are &quot;objective&quot; criteria or rules (if exists) to define a sport as &quot;national sport&quot; for each Country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. National sport for Italy is (probably) soccer, but I do not know if there are objective criteria to define it. In fact I think there is no official list for National sport for most nation in the world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-09-08T08:33:10.573" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T20:18:48.023" Title="What are criteria to define a sport as &quot;national sport&quot;?" Tags="|rules|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T17:24:13.843" Score="1" ViewCount="1490" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are shoes mandatory while playing cricket? No doubt it will be difficult without shoes but I would like to know whether it is mandatory or not. Any idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Hundreds of rules are there in Cricket and I would like to know whether a player is allowed to play Cricket (in international level) without shoes or not. Is there a rule regarding this in ICC or MCC laws?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Here is my point. I used to play tennis ball cricket without shoes. Now a local tournament organizer wants every player in shoes. As I am not familiar, I have problems bowling with shoes. So, I need to file a complaint against this rule. That's why I need to know whether there is anything in ICC rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2058" LastEditorUserId="2059" LastEditDate="2013-12-24T10:52:31.450" LastActivityDate="2013-12-24T11:19:33.260" Title="Are shoes mandatory while playing cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3688" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3689" CreationDate="2013-12-21T21:36:38.770" Score="6" ViewCount="2679" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the recent Ashes Series between Australia and English when the umpire Billy Bowden actually allowed an extra ball to be bowled in an over. Even though this was counted (I don't think any runs were scored), I would have thought that it would not be considered a legal delivery, and if a batsman actually got out should they be able to challenge this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-12-23T05:00:41.000" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:00:41.000" Title="Can a batsman get out on the 7th delivery of an over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3688" CreationDate="2013-12-22T02:03:39.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the 7th ball stands as a legitimate ball when an umpire miscounts, and so a batsman can be dismissed. This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot;&gt;Law 22.5&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;22.5. Umpire miscounting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) If the umpire miscounts the number of valid balls, the over as counted by the umpire shall stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) If, having miscounted, the umpire allows an over to continue after 6 valid balls have been bowled, he may subsequently call Over as&#xA;  the ball becomes dead after any delivery, even if that delivery is not&#xA;  a valid ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman may not challenge after being given out, regardless of which ball it is. That is regarded as dissent. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot;&gt;Law 42.18&lt;/a&gt;. In such cases, a player should be reported.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1566" LastActivityDate="2013-12-22T02:03:39.377" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3505" CreationDate="2013-12-22T04:08:40.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The comments section on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2013/12/game-probabilities-week-15.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page from Advanced NFL stats&lt;/a&gt; describes how to convert that website's weekly GWP values into win probabilities. A commenter named &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/profile/01838293735141324662&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;James&lt;/a&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The equation is: &lt;code&gt;(H*(1-A)*F) / (H*(1-A)*F+(1-H)*A*(1-F))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where H is the GWP of the home team, A the GWP of the away team, and F&#xA;  the home field advantage constant of 0.575.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2013-12-22T04:08:40.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3462" CreationDate="2013-12-22T04:16:11.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I stumbled onto &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/boston/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4755041/patriots-cap-and-ir-ramifications&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; that provides what seems to be total cap charges for players on IR (so it will not capture the injury to Aaron Rodgers that @Ben mentions)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With an assist from Brian McIntyre, a cap expert and owner of&#xA;  MacsFootballBlog.com, below is a list at the top five teams hit&#xA;  hardest from a cap perspective by injured reserve players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Rams -- $28.8 million  &#xA;Patriots -- $27.4 million  &#xA;Texans -- $26.1 million  &#xA;Bengals -- $21.4 million  &#xA;Giants - $19.7 million  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The next five in line are the Broncos, Bears, Jets, Saints and Colts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went to check out MacsFootballBlog.com but the site no longer seems to exist. So I don't have a source for getting values like these systematically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2013-12-22T04:16:11.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3685" CreationDate="2013-12-22T04:24:07.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal line on a standard rink is 2&quot; and the dimensions listed on NHL.com for the diameter of a goal post is 2 3/8&quot;. Given a flat shot with the puck diameter of 3&quot; and assuming that the dimensions were the same on the rink you were on, I think it would be impossible for the puck to hit the post and come out while completely crossing the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only part of the post which is completely in the net is the last 3/8ths and for the puck to hit that part while being completely over the line and ricochet out, it would have to be shot from inside the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1083" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-12T13:39:05.067" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T13:39:05.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3101" CreationDate="2013-12-22T13:34:04.947" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have checked whether something can be found on Wikipedia, since it is one of natural places to go for questions like this. I am posting this as a CW answer; so that it can be updated by other users, if needed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Primera Division&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_in_Spain#Disciplinary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football records in Spain&lt;/a&gt; the following is mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most red cards in a single match: 6, Espanyol (1) v. Barcelona (3) (13 December 2003) (2 Direct red cards and 4 double yellow cards)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Premier League&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Red cards ar not mentioned in the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League_records_and_statistics#Disciplinary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League records and statistics&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;The article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_in_England#Disciplinary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football records in England&lt;/a&gt; mentions matches with 6 and 5 red cards, but not from Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did not find any mention of game with most red cards in the Wikipedia articles&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga records&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_in_Italy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football records in Italy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_1_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ligue 1 records&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F.C. Hansa Rostock vs. SSV Ulm&lt;/strong&gt;, Sept 10 1999 (2-1)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;6 people&lt;/strong&gt; were sent off in this game: 4 players (2 Red Cards, 2 Second Yellows) and Coach + Club Manager, all of them from Ulm.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX9Tvf-lUjI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video source&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/article112394008/Skandal-Als-vier-Ulmer-vom-Platz-flogen.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;German article&lt;/a&gt; from 2013 still mentioning this as record)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T19:46:24.873" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T19:46:24.873" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2013-12-22T13:34:04.947" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3696" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-22T21:16:12.287" Score="8" ViewCount="2208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some shots in one-day or Twenty 20 cricket involve the batsman changing stance to play a shot (e.g. reverse sweep), but are there any provisions in cricket laws that allow the umpire to decide when this can take place because then the wide and lbw decisions also need to be adjusted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2013-12-23T05:25:16.883" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:25:16.883" Title="When can a batsman change from batting left handed to right handed?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|trivia|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3696" CreationDate="2013-12-23T05:23:30.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsmen can go for reverse sweep or switch hit any time during the match. Umpires have nothing to decide with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ICC had already &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/cricket/18299652&quot;&gt;made this shot legal&lt;/a&gt; and the changes were done &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/564249.html&quot;&gt;with the rules&lt;/a&gt; of LBW and wide for these shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:23:30.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="77" CreationDate="2013-12-24T09:35:49.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After you get the ball, the 1-2 style is a great way of scoring goals. Pass the ball to a player in front, then run forward to an empty space so that he can pass back to you. Continuing this, it's easy to mess up the opposition defense and score goals, even if you are a defender...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2066" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-05T09:26:57.857" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T09:26:57.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3687" CreationDate="2013-12-24T10:40:05.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no Law of Cricket that specifically requires the use of shoes. (I am reminded of Mark Jefferson's fictional West Indian cricketer &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Cricket-World-Hurricane-Hamish/dp/0590636944&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hurricane Hamish&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, who found it impossible to bowl in shoes!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sNbHU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it has to be said that if playing with a cricket ball, it would be &lt;strong&gt;extremely unwise not to wear shoes&lt;/strong&gt; - even a relatively slow delivery could cause serious damage to one's feet. It would also reduce one's effectiveness as a fielder, since one would not be able to use them to stop even moderately-struck shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your situation, the tournament organiser likely considers he/she has a duty of care to all players in the competition. This would include wearing appropriate protective equipment - pads, abdominal protectors, gloves, etc. - and at the very least, shoes. I don't think you can reasonably expect him/her to allow you to participate in the tournament without shoes, unless you sign a disclaimer that absolves him/her from all responsibility for what happens to you. Even then I would not be hopeful. If you wish to progress as a cricketer, you'll need to learn to wear shoes whilst playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-24T10:46:25.977" LastActivityDate="2013-12-24T10:46:25.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3703" CreationDate="2013-12-24T12:23:12.127" Score="4" ViewCount="1852" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a cricket match , there are total 11 players which we called as playing eleven who will be there fielding and batting for a side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different positions on which the fielders can be placed such as a gully,slip,third man etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a standard cricket match we can remove fielder from slip and put him at the gully or anywhere else we want(of course within and according the ICC rules for fielding positions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is can we remove a wicket keeper from his position leaving&#xA;  his field blank(no one behind the stumps) and make him field at the&#xA;  slip?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it required to have a wicket keeper behind the stumps every time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:07:29.687" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T09:29:04.800" Title="Is it allowed to play a cricket match without positioning any fielder as a wicket keeper?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3702" CreationDate="2013-12-24T12:32:45.437" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement to have a wicket-keeper at all times. However, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper/&quot;&gt;Law 40.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If by his actions and positioning it is apparent to the umpires that he will not be able to discharge his duties as a wicket-keeper, he shall forfeit this right and also the right to be recognised as a wicket-keeper&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He will therefore not be allowed to keep wearing keeping pads and gloves in his new position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mike Brearley &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150333.html&quot;&gt;once placed the keeper David Bairstow on the boundary&lt;/a&gt; for the final ball of the innings, when the opposition needed three runs off the last delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-12-24T12:32:45.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-24T15:08:27.117" Score="10" ViewCount="2584" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do they tend to rest their good players so they don't have as many injuries going into the playoffs? Basically, I'm wondering if I should bet against teams with playoff locks if the matchup is close... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2067" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-24T17:43:09.317" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:22:30.710" Title="How do NFL teams do in their last game if they have already clinched a playoff spot?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|statistics|betting|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3527" CreationDate="2013-12-24T21:09:31.763" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particular stroke is very difficult to perform, let alone to pronounce. Timing is of the essence and technical ability is there to follow. I found a few video's of two of the top players in current badminton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Lee Chong Wei&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of March 2009, Lee Chong Wei and Kenneth Jonassen were playing an exhibition match for the inauguration of a new badminton sports hall in the town of Pécs in Hungary. In the second game Lee Chong Wei (LCW) performs two times the stroke you want to learn:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uqGnE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur5YruyBHhI&amp;amp;t=2m33s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2'33&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur5YruyBHhI&amp;amp;t=7m0s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7'00&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the YONEX ALL ENGLAND BADMINTON CHAMPIONSHIPS 8th of March 2014, against Son Wan Ho in the Semi Final:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCTJEMLyffM&amp;amp;t=13m33s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;13'41&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Lin Dan&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A training session in preparation of the Yonex All England 2011:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vcFLB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZFhm47Obs8&amp;amp;t=1m7s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1'07&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Essentials&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to capture the essentials into the drawing I created:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jazQR.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the reversed slice (cross) dropshot, the intention is to make your opponent think, you're hitting a clear or dropshot. With the reserved backhand slice drop shot, your opponent will think you're trying to hit a clear (as Jonassen thought twice). Key is to put in the same amount of energy (racket motion), as to hitting a clear, but at the end perform a reversed slice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-03-08T21:47:22.220" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T21:47:22.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3101" CreationDate="2013-12-25T11:33:49.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referee Damian Rubino showed 36 red cards during a match in Argentina between rivals Claypole and Victoriano Arenas - setting the new world record for the Most red cards isued in a single game.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Rubino sent off all 22 players as well as all substitutes and technical staff as a mass brawl erupted during the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2070" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2013-12-25T14:14:40.310" LastActivityDate="2013-12-25T14:14:40.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3707" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-26T00:12:10.793" Score="3" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;In comparing the bowling technique of Nathan Lyon and Graeme Swan, are both described as &quot;wrist&quot; spinners OR is Swan a &quot;finger&quot; spinner and Lyon a wrist spinner? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that Lyon's delivery differs sufficiently from Swan's to suggest that he derives his turn (as Warn) from the the wrist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Lyon is a wrist spinner, does this mean that his off break is correctly termed as a &quot;wrongun&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2071" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:08:04.520" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:08:04.520" Title="Spin Clarification" Tags="|cricket|technique|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3047" CreationDate="2013-12-26T06:09:45.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;dossra is better than googly .When a batsmaen is a righthanded the doosra spins in the other direction and at confuses the batsmen .And the googly spins inside the righthanded batsmen the googly is a legspinner variations and the doosra is a off spinner variations .BUT but i am a offspinner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2073" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T06:09:45.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3715" CreationDate="2013-12-26T11:47:35.583" Score="4" ViewCount="4266" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reason behind the refusal of the Board Of Control For Cricket In India (BCCI) to accept DRS in cricket, while on the other hand most other major teams favour it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-27T00:34:34.717" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T04:35:42.663" Title="Why has India been refusing DRS (Decision review system) in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3710" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3712" CreationDate="2013-12-26T11:58:22.087" Score="8" ViewCount="12758" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the run rate is calculated by dividing the number of runs scored by number of overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I calculate the run rate midway through an over? If say a team scores 223 runs in 43.5 overs, what would the run rate be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2074" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-05T21:43:14.000" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T21:43:14.000" Title="How do I calculate the run rate in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3709" CreationDate="2013-12-26T12:07:52.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because BCCI does not feel the DRS system is foolproof. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/india-good-reason-oppose-drs/69933&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dave Richardson, the International Cricket Council’s (ICC) chief executive, has admitted that the technology that drives the Decision Review System (DRS) was not foolproof and that the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) does “have its own reasons” for opposing DRS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Richardson’s comments follow the first Ashes Test between England and Australia at Trent Bridge, where a number of umpiring howlers coincided with a controversy surrounding the efficacy and use of DRS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2074" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T18:47:49.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3710" CreationDate="2013-12-26T14:17:32.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Run rate is calculated for how many runs are scored in an over i.e. how many runs per six balls. So you just need to convert completed overs in balls. Then calculate the run rate with respect to six balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the above example completed balls is 43 X 6 = 258 + 5 balls. So total completed balls is 263. So now calculate with respect to six balls. So if 223 runs in 263 balls then how many runs in 6 balls? So 223 X 6 / 263 = 5.087 runs per over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T14:17:32.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3709" CreationDate="2013-12-26T23:14:52.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;The BCCI's position&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The BCCI's opposition to the Decision Review System has been linked to three main factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;1) The technology is not 100% accurate&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BCCI president N Srinivasan &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/594722.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;said in December 2012&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't believe the technology is good enough [...] if you want to use technology it must be perfect. [...] I'm not against technology but one should be cautious and we should be clear what it is that we are trying to achieve. If you say my correct decision percentage has gone up from 94 to 95.6, is that all you are looking to achieve? It is relative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dave Richardson, the president of the ICC, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/626310.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;suggested in March 2013&lt;/a&gt; that unfavourable decisions against key India players may have contributed to the BCCI's opposition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When they first trialled it [...] the technology wasn't very good. The players weren't used to it so every time the Indians asked for a review it went against them. I think it was Sehwag or one of their star batsmen who was given out by mistake by ball-tracking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2) The umpire's decision is questioned&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his December 2012 interview, N Srinivasan commented:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket the umpire's verdict is final [...] but now you're saying that I have two attempts to question [the umpire's] decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;3) The system is expensive&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N Srinivasan added:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a cost to DRS and there are only one or two people involved. It's a monopoly-area situation, which I am not going to go into here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The ICC's position&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;1) DRS improves accuracy&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dave Richardson pointed out in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/553178.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;February 2012&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we use DRS, the percentage of correct decisions increases by approximately four to five percentage points, from 93% to 98%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the wake of the Trent Bridge Test of 2013, a match noted for a particularly high number of controversial umpiring decisions, the ICC &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013/content/story/651863.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;observed that the number of correct decisions had increased from 90.3% to 95.8% through use of the DRS&lt;/a&gt;. Their press release declared:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our confidence in technology is [...] strengthened by the fact that there was an increase in the number of correct decisions in the Trent Bridge Test through the use of the DRS. Technology was introduced with the objective of eradicating the obvious umpiring errors, and to get as many correct decisions as possible. If it can help increase the correct decisions by 5.5 percent, then it is a good outcome, but we must continue to strive to improve umpiring and the performance of the DRS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2) DRS may improve the balance between bat and ball&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst urging caution in drawing conclusions too hastily, Richardson replied, in response to the suggestion that DRS should encourage batsman to use their bats more (because of the increase in LBW decisions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is going to bring about a change of technique. And that will improve things for everybody [...] A year ago, every Tom, Dick and Harry was averaging more than 50 in Test cricket. The balance between bat and ball had got out of kilter and experts were complaining. I think that using DRS may help redress that balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;3) The cost is justified&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Richardson stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is expensive [...] In my view, cricket will pick up the cost [...]  because eventually the broadcasters will include it in their budgeting. [...] The percentage of correct decisions increases [...] I think it is worth it. Technology is here to stay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T00:11:59.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3716" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-27T03:01:05.243" Score="5" ViewCount="12884" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that in American football the ball seems to travel farther when launched from a tee on the ground, or from the fingers of a holder on the ground, than when launched from a punt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for if a field goal is not successful but the ball lands inside the field of play?  Then why don't teams use a field goal kicker to launch punts in that way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2075" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-29T20:00:37.910" LastActivityDate="2023-08-01T09:08:35.173" Title="Why not go for a field goal attempt instead of a punt in some situations?" Tags="|rules|american-football|special-teams|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3716" CreationDate="2013-12-27T11:06:15.827" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2 when &quot;the ball has not been touched by the receivers beyond the line [of scrimmage] in the field of play.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a field goal attempt is missed, which would be the case if the ball lands inside the field of play (the kick falls short of the goalpost, for example) on a field goal attempt, the opposing team will take possession of the ball at the spot of the kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Note: If the spot of the kick is within the opposing team's 20-yard line (the kick is mishit, for example), then the opposing team will take possession of the ball at the opposing team's 20-yard line. &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 11, Section 4, Article 2&lt;/strong&gt; (page 58) in the &lt;strong&gt;2012 NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2012%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Missed Field Goals.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If there is a missed field-goal attempt, and the ball has not been&#xA;  touched by the receivers &lt;strong&gt;beyond the line in the field of play&lt;/strong&gt;, the&#xA;  following shall apply: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(a) If the spot of the kick was inside the receivers’ 20-yard line,&#xA;  it is the receivers’ ball at the 20-yard line or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(b) If the spot of the kick was from the receivers’ 20-yard line or&#xA;  beyond the receivers’ 20-yard line, it is the receivers’ ball at the&#xA;  spot of the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: These options apply only if the ball has been beyond the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T11:06:15.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-27T14:26:21.073" Score="1" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;This came up because Mike Trout, arguably the best player in baseball, will be up for arbitration next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salary arbitration has the effect of paying a first, second or third year &quot;arb&quot; player about 40 percent, 60 percent, or 80 percent of what he would be making as a free agent. This is after three years of &quot;minimum wage&quot; (about $500,000).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trout's value has been estimated at $40-$50 million (for a free agent), and many believe that he could get $15 million (or more) in first year arbitration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A qualifying offer is the average of the top 125 salaries. It is an objective way to determine who is a &quot;Type A&quot; free agent that cost the signing team a draft pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the qualifying offer (which could be about $15 million next season) in any way impact how much Trout could make in arbitration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T20:46:21.453" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T20:46:21.453" Title="Is it possible for a first or second year arbitration player to make more than the &quot;qualifying offer?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3718" CreationDate="2013-12-29T02:54:26.970" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_transactions#Free_agency_and_salary_arbitration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following the salary arbitration process, the player and the team both submit a salary offer for a new contract. The arbitrator chooses one number or the other, based on which offer is closest to the salaries of players with similar ability and service time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=3732&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baseball Prospectus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current CBA contains this clause: &quot;The arbitration panel shall, except for a Player with five or more years of Major League service, give particular attention, for comparative salary purposes, to the contracts of Players with Major League service not exceeding one annual service group above the Player's annual service group.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short - No, the qualifying offer does not make a difference to Trout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2082" LastActivityDate="2013-12-29T02:54:26.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3647" CreationDate="2013-12-29T16:05:56.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from the site of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fisu.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FISU&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Universiades and  [World University] Championships are open to all student athletes that have not been out of university or an equivalent institution for more than a year, and that are aged between 17 and 28. Any association which is a member of FISU may enter a team or an individual competitor. Entries are accepted from any country eligible for the Olympic Games and from any national federation affiliated to the appropriate international federation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, the individual sports may have placed additional entry criteria on the participants in that sport (for example, a country can only delegate at most two athletes for most athletics events and both athletes must have achieved a certain minimum result in that event).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't comment on how common it is for athletes to compete both in a Universiade and a World Championship/Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2084" LastActivityDate="2013-12-29T16:05:56.320" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-29T17:23:43.263" Score="2" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today my colleague, a batsman hit a shot, a top edge which went high up, the wicket keeper and the bowler came for the catch, the batsman sneaked in a run, in the mean while both failed to catch the ball and the ball dropped in and since it a top edge, started to roll back in the direction of the stumps and ultimately hit the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We contended that the ball was dead once the run was completed, the bowling team countered that the ball had hit the stumps hence the batsman was out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is he out? what happens to the run completed? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T12:53:38.030" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T12:53:38.030" Title="Bowled after scoring a run" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3723" CreationDate="2013-12-29T18:39:11.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the ball knocked one or more bails off, then provided no-one on the fielding side touched the ball before it hit the stumps, the batsman would be out Bowled under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-bowled/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.1&lt;/a&gt; parts (a) and (b):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Bowled if his wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, even if it first touches his bat or person [...] he shall not be out Bowled if before striking the wicket the ball has been in contact with any other player or an umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18.9&lt;/a&gt;, no runs would be scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed, any runs for penalties awarded to either side shall stand. No other runs shall be credited to the batting side, except [under certain circumstances not relevant to the current scenario]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, the completion of a run does not make the ball dead. None of the events in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.1(a)&lt;/a&gt; had occurred, and neither had both sides &quot;ceased to regard it as in play&quot;, as stated by Law 23.1(b).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-12-29T18:39:11.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3725" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-29T19:41:19.390" Score="6" ViewCount="1542" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1702/nfl-tiebreaking-what-is-strength-of-victory&quot;&gt;This question&lt;/a&gt; mentions how tiebreakers are determined among teams within a division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 2013 NFL season, a scenario has developed where four teams are eligible (Baltimore and Pittsburgh - AFC North, Miami - AFC East, San Diego - AFC West) for the conference's final playoff spot with one regular season game remaining. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The catch is, no team can win the remaining game and be guaranteed the final playoff spot...each team, with a win, needs at least one other eligible team to lose to be guaranteed the final playoff spot (except in the case where all teams win, in which Miami will get the final playoff spot). Furthermore, if all teams lose, Baltimore will get the final playoff spot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See probabilities below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1o2Ju.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2013 AFC 6th seed probabilities&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given these probabilities, &lt;strong&gt;how are tiebreakers determined among teams within a conference?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T23:13:53.827" Title="How are tiebreakers determined among teams within an NFL conference?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|ranking|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3686" CreationDate="2013-12-29T21:07:00.773" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The national sport of a country tends to be one that is linked with the culture of that country. Most European countries have the national sport of football (soccer) and America's national sport is baseball. This is not the most played sport in that country, for example the most played sport in England is football, but cricket is actually our national sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Country can have more than one, for example USA have baseball and American football.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T12:32:03.250" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T12:32:03.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3676" CreationDate="2013-12-29T21:16:35.677" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played Soccer for many years and the way that we always trained acceleration is to lay on your stomach with your arms out at the side of you. On the blow of a whistle, or even a mental &quot;Go&quot; push up from the ground and sprint for 10m or so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that this is a good starting point instead of positioning your feet like a sprinter is because in a game you are not going to be starting in any one position. There is a good chance you will either be mid turn or have to turn to sprint in the direction that you wish to go. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make this even more effective try and use Mud or Sand to train on. Yeah, you won't play on either all that much, but if your trying to get up to speed then its all about the power of the push off with your legs, if you can do that easily then its not as good as if its really hard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2013-12-29T21:16:35.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3516" CreationDate="2013-12-29T21:24:49.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would advise not using a back garden because it is really easy to miss and it doesn't take much to distract an archer, especially if you have not had practice at a range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, a standard archery range is between 12 and 16m. When I last taught it (this summer) I had kids shooting at targets between 8 and 20, and even the best archers amongst staff and students would not hit it 3 times out of 5 (Its classed as a fluke if any less in my eyes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was learning to shoot I went out to a farmers field near me and asked the owner if I could shoot at his hay bails. Always shooting away from animals and any roads I learnt quickly enough and knew I wanted to stick with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are in the city, colleges(university's) tend to have archery clubs. You will have to contact them and maybe even get insurance for it, but that is the way I train at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever you do, just be safe about it. You only need 1 arrow to go wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2013-12-29T21:24:49.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3170" CreationDate="2013-12-29T21:31:08.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Finding Sponsorship is not easy in any sport, you have to win a couple of competitions at a decent grade and then you stand a small chance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Climbing 5.13 is the minimum really, if you can climb 5.14 you stand a much better chance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is easier to get bouldering sponsorship overall, but you should be able to climb in most forms, these people are giving you money, saying &quot;I am not a very good lead climber&quot; or &quot;Top-rope climbing is not my forte&quot; then they will probably think twice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T14:43:59.993" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T14:43:59.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2013-12-30T04:04:10.943" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;None of these answers explain why, just that its allowed. Yes, we understand that. The reason that its allowed is because everyone was trying to get the offenses to score more and this allowed clock management and first downs but penalized simply throwing the ball away (not scoring...). &#xA;In the end its a ridiculous rule differential and only promotes offense and holds defenses. This is why Peyton can throw 55 TDs and we broke scoring records weekly in the NFL in 2013. Gone are the days of the Iron Curtain and The Monsters of the Midway. Unfortunately its too risky to make a tackle or touch the QB. So just let them score and hope we can score more. That's the new era of the NFL. Remember when passing was rare? Neither do I but ask your father...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2090" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T04:04:10.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3725" CreationDate="2013-12-30T04:09:50.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Head-to-head, if applicable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, minimum of four.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Strength of victory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net points in conference games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net points in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net touchdowns in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Coin toss.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Three or more teams (Note: If two teams remain tied after the third&#xA;  step or other teams are eliminated, tiebreaker reverts to step 1 of&#xA;  applicable two-team format.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Apply division tiebreaker to eliminate all but the highest-ranked team in each division prior to proceeding to step &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The original seeding within a division upon application of the division tiebreaker remains the same for all subsequent applications&#xA;  of the procedure that are necessary to identify the two wild-card&#xA;  participants.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Head-to-head sweep. (Applicable only if one team has defeated each of the others or if one team has lost to each of the others.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, minimum of four.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Strength of victory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net points in conference games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net points in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best net touchdowns in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Coin toss.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the first wild-card team has been identified, the procedure is&#xA;  repeated to name the second wild card, i.e., eliminate all but the&#xA;  highest-ranked team in each division prior to proceeding to step 2. In&#xA;  situations where three or more teams from the same division are&#xA;  involved in the procedure, the original seeding of the teams remains&#xA;  the same for subsequent applications of the tiebreaker if the&#xA;  top-ranked team in that division qualifies for a wild-card berth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;OTHER TIEBREAKING PROCEDURES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Only one team advances to the playoffs in any tiebreaking step. Remaining tied teams revert to the first step of the applicable&#xA;  division or wild-card tiebreakers. As an example, if two teams remain&#xA;  tied in any tiebreaker step after all other teams have been&#xA;  eliminated, the procedure reverts to step one of the two-team format&#xA;  to determine the winner. When one team wins the tiebreaker, all other&#xA;  teams revert to step 1 of the applicable two-team or three-team&#xA;  format.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In comparing division and conference records or records against common opponents among tied teams, the best won-lost-tied percentage&#xA;  is the deciding factor since teams may have played an unequal number&#xA;  of games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;To determine home-field priority among division titlists, apply wild-card tiebreakers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;To determine home-field priority for wild-card qualifiers, apply division tiebreakers (if teams are from the same division) or&#xA;  wild-card tiebreakers (if teams are from different divisions).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;To determine the best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed, add a team's position in the two&#xA;  categories, and the lowest score wins. For example, if Team A is first&#xA;  in points scored and second in points allowed, its combined ranking is&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If Team B is third in points scored and first in points allowed, its combined ranking is 4. Team A then wins the tiebreaker. If two&#xA;  teams are tied for a position, both teams are awarded the ranking as&#xA;  if they held it solely. For example, if Team A and Team B are tied for&#xA;  first in points scored, each team is assigned a ranking of 1 in that&#xA;  category, and if Team C is third, its ranking will still be 3.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?page=tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2082" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T06:29:02.203" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T06:29:02.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3736" CreationDate="2013-12-30T17:13:12.273" Score="10" ViewCount="37417" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team kicks off and the kickoff hits the upright of the field goal (or any part of the field goal) and the ball bounces straight back into the field of play (never hitting the ground out of bounds). Is the ball live? Can the kicking team recover it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2093" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-12-31T22:35:28.847" LastActivityDate="2017-12-31T22:35:28.847" Title="Is a ball live if it bounces off the field goal and back into the field of play on a kickoff?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3734" CreationDate="2013-12-30T17:32:08.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.info/download/2012MediaGuides/2013%20NFL%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 22, Article 2, Rule C:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 2 The Ball is Out of Bounds when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) a loose ball touches a boundary line or anything on or outside&#xA;such line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would result in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchback&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Touchback&lt;/a&gt;, i.e. ball at the 20 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T20:24:19.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3734" CreationDate="2013-12-30T17:34:50.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. By NFL Rule 7, Section 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 1: Dead Ball Declared.&lt;/strong&gt; An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(h) when any legal or illegal kick touches the receivers' goal posts or crossbar, unless it scores a field goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This includes field goals, kickoffs, and punts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA first considers the goal posts to be out of bounds (Rule 1, Section 2, Article 5.a), then makes an exception for the case when a kick hits them and bounces through (Rule 4, Section 1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. A live ball becomes dead and an official shall sound his whistle&#xA;  or declare it dead:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. When it goes out of bounds other than a kick that scores a field goal after&#xA;  touching the uprights or crossbar [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the case in arena football, though. Arena football has such a small field that it is necessary to consider the uprights and the surrounding netting as inbounds, or else no kick would ever be returnable. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arenafootball.com/about/afl-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Arena Football League rules (short version)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The receiving team may field any kickoff or missed field goal that rebounds off the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T17:34:50.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3742" CreationDate="2013-12-30T21:26:03.960" Score="9" ViewCount="1849" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that different sizes are sold but when should I be using a taller vs. shorter tee. Is there an appropriate time or is it just preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2095" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T06:07:36.150" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T20:45:32.693" Title="When should I use a longer tee vs a shorter tee?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3739" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3740" CreationDate="2013-12-30T21:57:10.003" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why did they conclude that it should only be 4 instead of 8/16?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2095" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T13:47:26.013" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T13:47:26.013" Title="Why will there only be a 4 team playoff next year in College Football?" Tags="|american-football|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3739" CreationDate="2013-12-30T22:33:48.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting question. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_Championship_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BCS&lt;/a&gt; has been plagueing college football for quite some time and the NCAA, among many others have finally have brought up the new College Football Playoff system to try and resolve the former's well documented &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_Championship_Series#Criticism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;criticisms&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;There really is no direct answer to your question&lt;/em&gt;, it's just as Charles Sterger (the President of the CFP system) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/8099187/ncaa-presidents-approve-four-team-college-football-playoff-beginning-2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;... [ it ] doesn't go too far; it goes just the right amount&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading into his quote, he's clearly indicating it could very well have been a number higher than four (no less, of course). But I'd like to say they went with four for two simple reasons: 1. It will give more teams the opportunity to compete for the National Championship, and, 2. Limiting it to four will still ensure only &lt;strong&gt;elite&lt;/strong&gt; teams are going to be playing for a chance in the game. Undoubtedly they have looked at past seasons and must have seen anything above 4 to be the cutoff for these &quot;elite&quot; teams, to become &quot;very good&quot; teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Football_Playoff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; on the CFP is actually a pretty good read. There will be 13 people apart of the &quot;Selection Committee&quot;. Ranging from Archie Manning to Condoleezza Rice to a former Air Force Academy superintendent. All 13 are well respected, proven to give as unbiased of selections as possible for the four teams that will play in the playoff for the championship. Their seedings [1,2,3,4] will follow the general playoff pattern in which 1 plays 4, and 2 plays 3. The schedule for the Bowls the semifinals will be played in is already posted on the Wiki as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-01-01T22:46:11.293" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T22:46:11.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3741" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-30T22:55:18.080" Score="2" ViewCount="3703" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal to still hit the racquetball after it hits the front wall as long as it has only bounced on the floor once?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2095" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T03:53:46.087" Title="Can I still hit the ball after it hits off the front wall if it only bounces once" Tags="|rules|racquetball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3738" CreationDate="2013-12-31T05:17:28.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had once used longer tees when using a driver, but I hardly use longer tees anymore for this purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used longer tees to make contact with the ball on the upswing of my tee shots using a driver. The driver is the hardest club to hit, and making contact with the ball on the upswing promotes distance. Also, contact is typically imminent using a driver off the tee due to its typically larger clubface compared to other clubs. I no longer use longer tees due to accuracy. Instead, I use the length of shorter tees for this purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I use shorter tees (usually, with only the top tip of the tee exposed) to make contact with the ball on the apex of the downswing of my tee shots using woods, hybrids, and irons. These clubs are not as hard to hit as the driver, and making contact with the ball on the apex of the downswing promotes solid contact. This is called &quot;hitting down&quot; on the ball, and typically, especially with irons, a divot would be made on these shots, on or off the tee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, I have not found this to be preferential as I do not know anyone who makes contact with the ball on the upswing, on or off the tee, using woods, hybrids, or irons. In addition, it is rarely feasible to make contact with the ball on the upswing of non-tee shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T16:27:37.103" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T16:27:37.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3744" CreationDate="2013-12-31T14:05:03.510" Score="2" ViewCount="1621" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the name its like Hit the ball twice, so does that means a batsman can hit the ball twice, I mean the same delivery can b played twice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1752" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T20:47:16.510" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T20:47:16.510" Title="&quot;Hit the ball twice&quot; in cricket, so does that means that batsman can hit the ball twice?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3743" CreationDate="2013-12-31T15:37:09.147" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Hitting the ball twice intentionally is essentially an illegal action which may result in the batsman being given out &lt;em&gt;Hit the ball twice&lt;/em&gt; under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot;&gt;Law 34.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Hit the ball twice if, while the ball is in play, it strikes any part of his person or is struck by his bat and, before the ball has been touched by a fielder, he wilfully strikes it again with his bat or person [...].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only instance where the batsman may strike it again legally is  when he does so solely to protect his wicket, as described by Law 34.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Solely in order to guard his wicket and before the ball has been touched by a fielder, the striker may lawfully strike the ball a second or subsequent time with his bat [...].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No runs are scored by the batsman when the ball has been hit twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T15:37:09.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3746" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3747" CreationDate="2014-01-01T15:07:51.993" Score="0" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently when I run I always get my calves muscles rigid like stones. If I run 10 minutes, I don't stop because I go out of breath, rather because I feel pain. I tried to rest some days, but it doesn't help. I also tried to take magnesium and potassium.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Nothing to do: my muscles are rigid. Maybe also because of the cold. I also have stretching, it helps a bit but I still have the problem. What can I do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2098" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T01:42:28.373" Title="Calves muscles pain when running" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-01-01T19:04:33.537" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3746" CreationDate="2014-01-01T15:45:52.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My experience with this has to do with getting the blood flowing, and my calve muscles hurt alot as I begin running, until I warm up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I try is before I head out, not to sit, rather to move around, and bounce up on my toes as I move around (Activate calf muscles). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I run for 6 minutes, and walk for 8 before continuing my run.  This usually gets my calf muscles warmed up and blood flowing, so they do not go anaerobic and get lactic acid buildup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sadly, this does not work every time, and I sometimes find I need a longer warm up.  Your mileage may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2014-01-02T01:42:28.373" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T01:42:28.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3643" CreationDate="2014-01-02T01:12:24.407" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Few countries play full Test Matches in Women's Cricket these days. Since 2007, there have been only 4 Women's test matches played, all being Australia playing England in the Women's Ashes. The last test played between any other nations was Netherlands vs South Africa in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With so few matches, there is no point having a rating system. Women's Test Cricket is essential defunct (unfortunately).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source is Cricinfo Statsguru. Use &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;template=results;type=team;view=match&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; pre-made and sorted query to see the latest Women's test matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2014-01-03T00:23:51.637" LastActivityDate="2014-01-03T00:23:51.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3707" CreationDate="2014-01-02T01:37:18.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, both of these players are finger spinners and both right handers (so can unambiguously be described as bowling offbreaks). They in fact have, in relative terms, similar actions. They are among the few 'traditional' off spinners left in the game at the International level, in that they both only bowl the regular offspinner and the arm ball, but no schmancy doosras or caroom balls that most 'finger spinners' tend to bowl these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source, cricinfo profile pages for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013-14/content/player/272279.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nathan Lyon&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/20431.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Graham Swann&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2014-01-03T00:01:28.277" LastActivityDate="2014-01-03T00:01:28.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3641" CreationDate="2014-01-02T01:42:31.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find no Law that specifically describes what would happen. However, it is a common convention that if the ball strikes a batter or their bat when running between wickets (so say they got between the fielder and wicket keeper and the ball deflects off them) then they do not run additional runs. If the contact was not intentional, they have the right to in the rules, but most batters will not take the extra runs. I suspect the same would apply here if the deflection off the glove was significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the Umpire deems that the batter deliberately obstructed the ball using their glove then they would be given out Obstructing the Field, however I assume you mean that the contact is accidental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T01:42:31.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2310" CreationDate="2014-01-02T04:31:33.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know from experience that it really depends on what kind of table tennis player you are. If you are always defending you should buy a paddle with almost no padding and no grip. But if you are an aggressive player, you need a paddle with lots of grip and as much padding as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't know what kind of player you are then ask at the sports shop for an all-round table tennis racket. They should give you something with lots of grip but not much padding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Make sure when cleaning it you don't get any water inside on the padding.&#xA;Just use a damp cloth and don't clean the sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-11T03:17:12.427" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T03:17:12.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3755" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-02T06:28:54.517" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;To start with, find below some of my characteristics/equipement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;15 years of age&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1.92 m / 6.3 ft&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;65 kg / 150 pounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm in, what I consider to be, reasonable physical condition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pretty good with trainer kite (3 m / 9.8 ft without bar)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this suffice for a beginner? What kind of equipment should I start with? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-01-04T19:59:47.937" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T08:44:34.293" Title="What kite-surfing equipment should I start with?" Tags="|equipment|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1404" CreationDate="2014-01-02T08:22:59.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a slow or high ball comes straight to your forehand hit it with as much forward spin as possible and it does not have to be that hard it all matters on the spin...&#xA;After you can do that you can try putting a little bit of side spin on the ball as well but that should come naturaly. when you are playing these shots make sure you hit it right at them and not to there right side.&#xA;Then your opponent is likely going to hit the ball to far (if he hits it at all) because of the forward spin gripping on his paddle.also the forward spin will pull the ball down toward the table because of some funny aerodynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;hope this was helpfull. HAVE FUN! :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T08:22:59.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-02T17:21:18.140" Score="13" ViewCount="7414" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two statistics, that are most frequently given for ice-hockey goaltenders are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_percentage&quot;&gt;save percentage&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goals_against_average&quot;&gt;goal against average&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are goals from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shot_%28ice_hockey%29&quot;&gt;penalty shots&lt;/a&gt; counted into these two statistics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I mean penalty shots during the game, not in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shootout_%28ice_hockey%29&quot;&gt;shootout&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T20:22:37.783" LastActivityDate="2019-04-12T00:39:40.097" Title="Are penalty shots counted in goalie's saves percentage and goal against average?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3759" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-02T17:30:45.850" Score="3" ViewCount="8243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know about a cricket match result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last ball was no ball so next ball will be a free hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For no ball  SCORE is LEVEL. Now the batting side need 1 run from 1 ball.&#xA;Bowler finishes his ball by hitting the leg stumps and both batsman on the crease go for a run and complete 1 run without getting out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the Batsman will be not out because it was a free hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the ball hit the leg stump and then batsman completed 1 run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a legal ball but also a free hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this match result will be tie because last ball hit the leg stump so no chance to run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it? Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who will win?&#xA;Bowling side?&#xA;Batting side?&#xA;Or match tie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2105" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-05-10T16:41:47.853" LastActivityDate="2018-09-22T13:32:05.627" Title="If a batsman is bowled off a free hit, can he still score any runs?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3759" CreationDate="2014-01-02T17:35:51.993" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a free hit, the batsman is not out even if the ball hits the stumps. Therefore, the ball is not dead, and the batsmen can run although the striker has been bowled. The batting side would then win, since they have completed the one run they need to overhaul the fielding side's target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-01-02T18:01:04.537" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T18:01:04.537" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3767" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-04T05:53:10.257" Score="10" ViewCount="4489" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been swimming on my own for about a year and am now training under a coach for about 2 months. Earlier I did not focus on swimming fast but now the coach measures the time taken to swim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I swim all 7 days a week two days for about 2.5 hours and 1 hour the other days. Sometimes the day after the 2.5 hour swimming day, there is an ache on my shoulder but I still swim for an hour. The ache is not there when swimming but occasionally comes when lifting the arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is it okay to swim all seven days like this or should there be a rest in-between to recover? Will having a rest in-between improve my speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2109" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-04T07:45:34.827" LastActivityDate="2023-07-25T12:44:09.290" Title="Is it Okay to Swim all seven days a week?" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3770" CreationDate="2014-01-04T13:01:07.257" Score="6" ViewCount="1888" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an amateur and I don't know all the rules in Badminton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was serving the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;backhand low service&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Now someone told me that I have to hit the shuttle after I have fully release it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I debated with him that is totally impossible to serve if I have &lt;strong&gt;not fully&lt;/strong&gt; released the shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again he told me that I'm releasing the shuttle at the last moment, not giving enough time to release the shuttle &lt;em&gt;entirely&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I want to know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule that says that I have to give minimum &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; amount of&#xA;time to release the shuttle entirely before serving?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or what is the minimum time to serve after realising the shuttle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was practicing it like told in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-kVx4K8cg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube tutorial&lt;/a&gt; and I'm pretty sure I was doing as much possible exactly like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2022-02-07T05:34:58.997" LastActivityDate="2022-02-07T05:34:58.997" Title="What's the rule saying on how to serve in Badminton?" Tags="|rules|technique|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3076" CreationDate="2014-01-04T22:15:56.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple ways to do this:&#xA;- certainly look for some of the most popular spots around your area such as short stairs or good lines, but do them over and over. It may be tedious at first but getting that muscle memory is important for reaching longer or more intense lines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;make sure your board is outfitted the right way. Make sure you have smooth bearings and good trucks, because those will give you the speed you want for the ollies and on the vert ramp.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;gain a lot of leg and upper body strength. This is important for the jumps and flips you will be doing on the vert ramps too. &#xA;hope this helps! Lemme know if you have need of any other tips&#xA;-Paul&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2014-01-05T05:24:41.477" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T05:24:41.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3768" CreationDate="2014-01-04T22:35:13.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;LAWS OF BADMINTON&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the official &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=516821&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAWS OF BADMINTON (2012)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, set by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.org/default.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton World Federation&lt;/a&gt;, chapter 9 is applicable: &lt;em&gt;SERVICE&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that chapter, no reference can be found of the fact that a specific time interval needs to be taken into account or that the shuttle needs to be fully released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is to mention about &quot;taking your time&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the   receiver are ready for the service.&#xA;  On completion of the backward movement of server’s   racket head, any&#xA;  delay in the start of the service (Law 9.2), shall be considered to be&#xA;  an undue   delay;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in chapter 16, this is restricted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16.6.1 deliberately cause delay in, or suspension of, play;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In hitting the shuttle, these two paragraphs are to be followed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.4 the server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server’s racket to pass over the net so that,   if not intercepted, it shall&#xA;  land in the receiver’s service court (i. e. on or within the boundary &#xA;  lines);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do the above (with or without holding the shuttle), then you're safe !!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I've just tried hitting a shuttle by holding it: that's merely impossible, without smashing your fingers..... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2014-01-04T22:35:13.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3677" CreationDate="2014-01-05T05:47:20.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So to answer your specific scenarios: &#xA;A&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;That is not a travel, but neither foot can be the pivot foot, therefore you &#xA;may not move either foot from the court before passing or shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This counts as a travel because you switched feet. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is also a travel, because both feet did not touch after the jump.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This does not count as a travel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure on this one, could not find any specific references.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Definitely a travel, as you said&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first foot to touch automatically becomes the pivot foot, regardless of when the other one touches.&#xA;Hope this covers everything!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T05:47:20.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3674" CreationDate="2014-01-05T07:09:51.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A hockey stop is basically letting the blade of your skate slide across the ice. It doesn't require much force or direction, just the movement of your upper body and leg to angle the skate slightly. A power slide is used to make a quick or sharp turn. You slide your lead skate around and drag your other across the ice, sliding it. Obviously one is a stop, while the other is a turn basically. They are extremely close in look. I was confused myself when I first saw your question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T07:09:51.440" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3774" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3779" CreationDate="2014-01-05T08:16:32.510" Score="4" ViewCount="3525" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A has set a target of 120 in 20 overs.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Team B hits a 4 at 119, to take the score to 123 in 17 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For NRR calculation will the actual score (123) be counted or the target score (120)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2112" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T20:46:55.917" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T20:46:55.917" Title="Net run rate calculation if team batting 2nd scores more runs than the target?" Tags="|rules|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3767" CreationDate="2014-01-05T15:03:08.300" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is definitely a good idea to take a day in the week to rest. Just like someone who lifts during the week or has a serious workout regiment, a rest day is necessary for the muscles to recover and gain strength.It is a good idea for you to take that day to let your body re cooperate. THis should definitely help you gain strength in your arms and legs for swimming. If you feel like that day is detracting from your speed, then you could certainly run jump rope or something of that sort to help your cardio and endurance. Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T15:03:08.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3784" CreationDate="2014-01-05T15:34:32.867" Score="2" ViewCount="495" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question could be asked of a number of sports, but the example I'm using comes from football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, during the wild card round, the New Orleans Saints called a time out early in the second quarter, to give their defense a chance to recuperate, after the Philadelphia Eagles had driven to the &quot;red zone.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The results fully justified the move. The next two plays resulted in defensive sacks for long yards that prevented a touchdown, and drove the Eagles to the edge of field goal range. The Eagles kicked and missed a field goal that might have represented a victory had the made it (the final score was 26-24, Saints).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently this is unusual. Why is that?  My understanding is that most coaches like to save key defensive resources (e.g. time outs in football, or closers in baseball) for the end of the game. Are some coaches now starting to move their key resources at &quot;critical times&quot; (e.g. time outs earlier in the game)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-06T18:02:25.027" LastActivityDate="2023-02-06T06:38:42.173" Title="Why do most coaches save key defensive resources till the end of the game?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|tactics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3777" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3785" CreationDate="2014-01-06T01:57:21.580" Score="2" ViewCount="2605" Body="&lt;p&gt;What specifically is built up using medicine balls for soccer? What exercises can build up core strength for soccer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-06T02:43:11.557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-18T14:43:59.033" Title="What medicine ball exercises specifically help soccer players?" Tags="|football|equipment|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3774" CreationDate="2014-01-06T04:07:48.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Net run rate is counted by total runs scored by the team. This also includes additional runs (123-120 = 3) as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a look at the point table of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2012/engine/series/524504.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Asia Cup 2012&lt;/a&gt;. Here it shows total runs scored by Bangladesh is 746 in 136.3 overs. Note if point table includes only groups matches. Bangladesh's final score of all three group matches is 241 + 293 + 212 = 746 runs. Which includes 3 additional runs (293-290) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2012/engine/match/535797.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;scored against India&lt;/a&gt; when the target was 290.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-24T12:00:21.400" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T12:00:21.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3776" CreationDate="2014-01-06T05:00:04.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing's changed.  The ideal is still to save your timeouts to the end in case you need to be able to control the clock late in a half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But these coaches aren't doing anything different.  The key word in the sentence above is &quot;ideal&quot;--it's not uncommon to be able to accomplish that, but it's also not uncommon not to be able to.  Avoiding a delay-of-game penalty or changing out of an obviously bad play call in the here and now may, depending on the situation, be more important than saving them for later--and this is nothing new.  These coaches still would have preferred to be able to save their timeouts for later; it's just that the way things played out didn't really make that possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="495" LastActivityDate="2014-01-06T05:00:04.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2822" CreationDate="2014-01-06T10:28:53.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boof Lehmann was nicknamed by a schoolmate, John Giannotti, when he was 13. It was because he had a big head  and thus his mate called him &quot;Boofhead&quot; a common term in Australia for someone with a large head. In Boof's case, Boofhead soon became Boof. The nickname went from the schoolyard to the schoolroom and into general use very quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His other cricket nickname was Shreck for obvious reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2118" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-06T12:08:03.190" LastActivityDate="2014-01-06T12:08:03.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3776" CreationDate="2014-01-06T17:28:28.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do most coaches save [time outs] till the end of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To stop the clock for the possibility of getting the ball back and the opportunity to score, if necessary.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example is from a 2013 wild card game with the Kansas City Chiefs at the Indianapolis Colts. The Chiefs turned the ball over in downs with around 1:55 left, and the Colts ran out the clock to clinch the win. Had the Chiefs had one timeout, they may have been able to get the ball back for the opportunity to score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are some coaches now starting to move their [time-outs] at &quot;critical times&quot; (e.g. time outs earlier in the game)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where I challenge the statement, &quot;These coaches still would have preferred to be able to save their timeouts for later.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The circumstance you present involves the Philadelphia Eagles offense and the New Orleans Saints defense. You also state that the Saints took a time-out to give their defense a chance to recuperate. This very well may be the case, but I have a different perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Eagles offense is a college-style, fast-paced offense implemented by head coach Chip Kelly. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000233214/article/patriots-eagles-among-nfl-teams-picking-up-pace-on-offense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; goes into the reasons why NFL offenses are &quot;picking up the pace.&quot; The following reasons apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A faster pace leads to more plays and scoring opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No-huddle offense limits defensive substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You address #2 in that the Saints took a time-out to give their defense a chance to recuperate. However, to address #1, &lt;strong&gt;coaches may be using their [time-outs] at &quot;critical times&quot; (e.g. time outs earlier in the game) to disrupt the rhythm of a fast-paced offense and to limit and/or disrupt plays and scoring opportunities.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to note here is momentum. To disrupt the rhythm of a fast-paced offense is to disrupt momentum. I'm sure that not all three time-outs in a given half will be used for this purpose (as some are used to avoid delay-of-game penalties and other unforeseen circumstances)...but a strategically placed time-out during the middle of a rhythmic, fast-paced offensive drive may keep points off the scoreboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-06T17:48:32.897" LastActivityDate="2014-01-06T17:48:32.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3777" CreationDate="2014-01-07T01:29:07.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a video that really outlines a lot of the exercises that will help. I have done some of them myself to condition for being a keeper. These all should be of great help to gaining core strength.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZZMcIo6-A8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZZMcIo6-A8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some more specifics, here are some of the ones that I trained with and found to be most beneficial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lie on your back with your legs straight. Use both hands to hold a medicine ball above your head and barely off the floor. Simultaneously raise your torso and bend your right knee toward your chest as you bring the ball over your knee and toward your foot. Reverse the movement and repeat, this time bending your left knee. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do a normal crunch, but hold the medicine ball behind your head and hold it above the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doing a normal crunch, but simultaneously throwing the medicine ball to a person standing at your feet. Then, have them toss the ball back and lay back flat. I usually did this with a teammate at our practices every day for about 20 reps. I can attest to its effectiveness in giving me more strength for throws and dives as I am a keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the best ones I found: Hold your legs straight up in the air and a medicine ball behind your head. Reach for your feet with the ball and reach back.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I would also do about 15 throw ins with the medicine ball, then 15 with a normal game ball and repeat this a couple times. I found it to really increase my accuracy and distance when throwing in. It may be extremely helpful depending on your position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link to a sight containing other exercises, but these four were the ones I would do the most. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/ultimate-medicine-ball-workout?fullpage=true&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/ultimate-medicine-ball-workout?fullpage=true&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Hope this gives you a better, more accurate idea of what helps with building core strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T19:54:21.210" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T19:54:21.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3571" CreationDate="2014-01-07T15:28:43.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is &lt;strong&gt;Not out&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Umpire at the bowler's end should call &lt;em&gt;No Ball&lt;/em&gt; and immediately call &lt;em&gt;Dead Ball&lt;/em&gt; under Law 24.7. The ball is not to be counted in the over and should be bowled again. Any further  action beyond the call of &lt;em&gt;Dead Ball&lt;/em&gt; is to be ignored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more clarity check out: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws-in-action/law-24-in-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law-24-in-action&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2126" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T20:13:22.240" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T20:13:22.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3789" CreationDate="2014-01-08T06:08:51.180" Score="4" ViewCount="6251" Body="&lt;p&gt;A cricket match can be stopped due to weather conditions (rain) or bad light before getting the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have any international matches been stopped before getting the result for any reasons besides weather or bad lighting in cricket history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-01-11T07:22:32.313" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T07:22:32.313" Title="Have any cricket matches been stopped for reasons other than weather/lighting?" Tags="|cricket|history|interruption|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-01-08T08:09:15.243" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first semi final match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/65190.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;India and Sri Lanka&lt;/a&gt; in world cup 1996 was stopped due to disturbance in the crowd. Read the note of the match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the fall of the 8th Indian wicket, sections of the crowd vented their disgust with the state of the match by setting fire to some areas of the stands and throwing fruit and waterbottles onto the field. The match was briefly stopped and when play was about to resume, the crowd again threw bottles at the deep fielders. The match referee stopped the game and the game was awarded to Sri Lanka by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know any other match which was stopped due to such reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-10T03:39:02.163" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T03:39:02.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3791" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3793" CreationDate="2014-01-08T12:20:10.177" Score="2" ViewCount="1763" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's been an argument with several friends about what happens after a serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball touches the net and makes it to the &lt;strong&gt;opponent's side of the table&lt;/strong&gt;, it's a re-serve. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball touches the net and makes it to the &lt;strong&gt;floor&lt;/strong&gt;, it's a point for the opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but what about&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball touches the net and bounces back to the &lt;strong&gt;server's side of the table&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T16:58:49.797" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T16:58:49.797" Title="Is it a &quot;let&quot; if the ball touches the net then bounces back in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3799" CreationDate="2014-01-08T13:44:10.790" Score="11" ViewCount="2843" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know Railway, Services play as a state in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophy&quot;&gt;Ranji Trophy&lt;/a&gt;. But why Mumbai is considered as an individual team or state though Maharashtra plays in Ranji Trophy? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-01-08T20:44:47.737" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T15:58:10.207" Title="Why Mumbai is considered as a state in Ranji Trophy(Indian Domestic Cricket)" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3791" CreationDate="2014-01-08T15:03:23.213" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pongworld.com/more/rules.php&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; with Table Tennis rules. Specifically there are two rules to be read here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, a legal serve is defined as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.06.03  As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then, after passing over or around the net assembly, touches directly the receiver's court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keeping that in mind, your scenario of a serve touching the net, and then landing back in the server's court would &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be a let. Reason being, a let is essentially a legal serve if you remove the touch of the net from the equation. i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If the serve is legal except that it touches the net, it is called a let serve. Let serves are not scored and are reserved.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;sub&gt;The above remains correct after checking the most credible source I could find, but FYI here's the link to what I believe are the official rules: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&quot;&gt;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&lt;/a&gt; -- Check the link on the left for &lt;em&gt;A Let&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-01-08T15:31:00.997" LastActivityDate="2014-01-08T15:31:00.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3794" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-08T17:59:53.843" Score="15" ViewCount="13735" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a player gets fouled while shooting at the opponent's basket either intentionally or unintentionally (deflects it in or makes it accidentally passing it cross-court while bringing the ball up, or they are just confused after exchanging ends, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a 2-shot foul if they miss?  Or 3-shot if they are in 3-point range?  Does the basket count for the other team if they make it while being fouled?  Is it only one free throw if the shot at the wrong basket is made, like it is when you make a shot at your own basket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T09:16:59.523" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T03:37:46.520" Title="Rule on Being fouled shooting at the wrong basket" Tags="|rules|basketball|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3794" CreationDate="2014-01-08T20:29:41.570" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A shooting foul can only occur when trying to shoot at the basket which will increase your own team's score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if you were somehow shooting at your own basket and got fouled, it would be the same as a normal non-shooting foul. You would not get free throws unless you were in the &quot;bonus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you actually made the basket, I think it would be waved off because it is a foul on the team who the score would go to. So just as a basket does not count when an offensive player commits a charge (or other offensive foul), a &quot;wrong-way&quot; basket would not count when the defending team has committed a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, this is the most likely way that your scenario would occur. Player goes up for a rebound, is fouled and makes the ball accidentally go into the basket. Foul would be called with &quot;no basket&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the official definition of a &quot;Field Goal Attempt&quot; from the NBA (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_4.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_4.html?nav=ArticleList&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is a player's attempt to shoot the ball into his&#xA;  basket for a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Attempt to shoot the ball into &quot;his basket&quot; means the basket which would give his team points. Trying to shoot the ball into the other team's basket does not qualify under this definition and therefore does not count as a &quot;field goal attempt&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Free throws are granted for fouls during a field goal attempt, so since &quot;shooting at the wrong basket&quot; is NOT a field goal attempt, no free throw would be given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In another section of the same rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&lt;/a&gt;) it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A personal foul assessed against an offensive player which is neither an elbow, punching or flagrant foul shall be penalized in the following manner:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (1) No points can be scored by the offensive team &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which I take to mean that NO TEAM can score points on a play where they also commit a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastEditorUserId="1730" LastEditDate="2014-01-14T19:06:05.697" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T19:06:05.697" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3677" CreationDate="2014-01-08T20:54:20.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to all questions regards the &quot;jump stop&quot;. Here is a summary of the traveling rule, which includes this concept:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player who catches the ball with both feet on the floor may pivot, using either foot. When one foot is lifted, the other is the&#xA;  pivot foot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player who catches the ball while moving or dribbling may stop and establish a pivot foot as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. If both feet are off the floor and the player lands;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (1) Simultaneously on both feet, either foot may be the pivot.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (2) On one foot followed by the other, the first foot to touch is the pivot.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (3) On one foot, the player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land&#xA;  on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. If one foot is on the floor;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (1) It is the pivot when the other foot touches in a step.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (2) The player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After coming to a stop and establishing a pivot foot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The pivot foot may be lifted, but not returned to the floor,&#xA;  before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. If the player jumps, neither foot may be returned to the floor before &gt; the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c. The pivot foot may not be lifted, before the ball is released, to start a dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After coming to a stop when neither foot can be a pivot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. One or both feet may be lifted, but may not be returned to the&#xA;  floor, before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. Neither foot may be lifted, before the ball is released, to start a&#xA;  dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So regarding your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question #1: Sounds like 2.b.2 - If one foot is on the floor: The player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question #2 and Question #3 are covered by Section 3.b: After coming to a stop and establishing a pivot foot: If the player jumps, neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So #1 is not a travel as long as you do not move either foot after landing. #2 or #3 would both be a travel as soon as either foot touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second batch of questions...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question #1 sounds like 2.b.1 once your other foot touches the ground, which then becomes 3.b and therefore a travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question #2 and Question #3 are also 2.b.1 to start and then become 3.b (jumping once you have a pivot foot) and thus are also a travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T14:48:00.263" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T14:48:00.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-01-09T01:26:33.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the previous answer a couple of other interesting examples spring to mind. These from Test matches: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first abandoned test I can find was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNV8LJX1Pms&quot;&gt;West Indies vs England&lt;/a&gt;, Sabina Park (1998). The match was called off after only 10 overs due to an unplayable pitch &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63783.html&quot;&gt;(Scorecard)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar occurrence in Antigua in 2009, where the game was called off after 10 deliveries. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wiveng2009/content/story/390647.html&quot;&gt;(Cricinfo report)&lt;/a&gt;. This was due to the sandy condition of the recently relaid outfield being deemed dangerous to bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The second Test between England and West Indies at the Sir Vivian Richards stadium in Antigua has been abandoned after just ten deliveries, after the sand-based outfield was deemed a safety risk to the bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The test between England and Pakistan at the Oval in 2006 was abandoned when the Pakistan team refused to emerge from their dressing room after tea on the 4th day, feeling they had been unfairly docked 5 runs for ball-tampering. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/225258.html&quot;&gt;(Scorecard)&lt;/a&gt; The match was eventually awarded to England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1668" LastEditorUserId="1668" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T11:59:49.923" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T11:59:49.923" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3792" CreationDate="2014-01-09T05:15:50.823" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maharashtra cricket team doesn't represent the whole Maharashtra state. The cricket team for the city of Pune was named as Maharashtra cricket team. There is an another cricket team named Vidarbha cricket team which is also from the state of Maharashtra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/squad/679971.html&quot;&gt;Mumbai&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/squad/681143.html&quot;&gt;Maharashtra&lt;/a&gt; are only considered as an individual cricket teams, not a state and there is no restrictions that only one team should play from one state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three teams playing from Gujarat state. One of the team named &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/squad/680377.html&quot;&gt;Gujarat cricket team&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T05:15:50.823" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3800" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3814" CreationDate="2014-01-09T07:49:07.357" Score="3" ViewCount="735" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been snowboarding for about 4 or 5 years, long-boarding for about the same. I'm pretty decent at riding normal (goofie for me), but it looks like it would be super fun to be able to switch my stance, either mid-way down a hill / mountain or after.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have advice on either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to ride normal after first learning to ride goofie?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Practice techniques for learning new stances on a board?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2133" LastEditorUserId="1478" LastEditDate="2015-02-19T19:16:36.913" LastActivityDate="2022-10-01T08:19:44.523" Title="Best steps for learning to ride fakie/ switch" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|skateboarding|longboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3802" CreationDate="2014-01-09T12:45:32.147" Score="10" ViewCount="646" Body="&lt;p&gt;In table tennis, on the rare occasion when the ball makes it over the net but hits the &lt;strong&gt;side of the table&lt;/strong&gt; rather than on top (which is pretty hard to counter), Is this a valid point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T13:23:55.353" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T14:10:02.927" Title="Is hitting the side of the table legal?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3801" CreationDate="2014-01-09T13:54:29.420" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules in regards to the table&lt;/a&gt; go to 2.01 (&quot;The Table&quot;), or playing surface are fairly straightforward and short. A ball is &lt;strong&gt;in play&lt;/strong&gt; if it touches any part of the &lt;strong&gt;top&lt;/strong&gt; of the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.01.02   The playing surface shall not include the vertical sides of the tabletop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, anything not considered the &quot;top&quot; surface of the table would be &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt; and the point would then end. So in your case, I assume someone went to the side of the table to return a hit, and it struck the side of the opponent's table (or as the ITTF refers to it &quot;the vertical sides of the tabletop&quot;). This hit would be &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4qLuv.png&quot; alt=&quot;ITTF Table Rules&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q1lis.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(Bigger Image)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T14:10:02.927" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T14:10:02.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-01-09T22:12:12.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Along with the other examples already cited, an unusual incident occurred in 1975, when the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63148.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3rd Ashes Test at Headingley&lt;/a&gt; was abandoned as a draw due to &lt;strong&gt;an act of sabotage&lt;/strong&gt;: before the fifth day's play, the pitch was &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/19/newsid_2534000/2534763.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dug up and damaged with oil&lt;/a&gt; by campaigners calling for the release of a convicted criminal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T22:12:12.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3809" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3929" CreationDate="2014-01-10T18:31:55.393" Score="10" ViewCount="1227" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing foosball for a while now, but mostly in college and at friend's houses. Just recently I watched some friends playing in a state tournament, and there were some really funky rules about bouncing the foosball around with the five bar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember them saying something like you can only bounce it off the wall twice, and on the second time you have to advance it? What happens if you accidentally don't? And what if the ball is stuck on the wall?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2133" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-10T18:40:02.720" LastActivityDate="2017-10-27T11:24:28.013" Title="Foosball five-man wall bounce rule" Tags="|rules|foosball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-11T04:39:56.630" Score="7" ViewCount="490" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can walk 5 km at most, and then I &lt;strong&gt;have to urinate&lt;/strong&gt;. When I start walking, I have an empty belly, but I cannot control urine buildup. How do professional racewalkers handle this? I see in videos that racewalkers drink water during the race and still walk for at least 1 hour (50k racewalkers walk for 4 hours!), never stopping at the restroom! Please help me as this is a hurdle for me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1817" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-02T15:01:07.917" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T19:12:43.093" Title="How to control urine while racewalking?" Tags="|technique|racewalking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3811" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-11T14:21:36.483" Score="9" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm try to improve my blocks start but for some reason I'm finding it hard. I'm quite tall but I good with jumping and improving my weights. Is there any drills I can try to improve this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2143" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T15:21:24.003" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:30:07.877" Title="How to improve blocks start in athletics" Tags="|technique|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1508" CreationDate="2014-01-11T20:29:29.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I first heard of it, it was concerning Lionel Messi. He appeared to only be playing as a false 9 at his club, Barcelona.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Observing Messi play, I realised Messi plays more of an attacking midfielder, but he'd smartly convert to a striker when needed so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my observations, a false 9 is a striker who's influential enough to keep defenders going after him, leaving room for his wingers to take his position in front of goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2144" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-10-16T19:02:01.653" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T19:02:01.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3800" CreationDate="2014-01-12T18:43:19.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been riding for 5-6 years now and skating for longer, and I tried the same thing about 2 years into it. I found that the switch took a while to get used to, but once I had the muscle memory I could switch flawlessly. What I did, as silly as it sounds, was look in a mirror while standing on my board and looked at my stance. I analyzed the key points in my stance, such as the angle of my feet and legs etc, and essentially replicated this with the opposite legs. I went from goofie to regular, but the same technique should apply to the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for practice, I did a couple things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I didn't go cold turkey on my original stance. I made it a gradual switch, riding on each near the end of my runs so as not to injure myself and give myself a chance to think about it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As dumb as it sounds, I put my boots on and strapped into my bindings and just switched back and forth, flipping the board around on each hop to get my legs into the rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I took my skateboard and found a short, gradual hill and just rode that up and down, switching my footing for each run whenever I had free time to also help with my muscle memory.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I eventually got it down pat, but it took me about 4-6 months. Don't be discouraged if you don't get it immediately. Keep on riding and enjoy the season!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-12T18:43:19.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3819" CreationDate="2014-01-12T23:18:19.460" Score="9" ViewCount="9815" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an occasional (and fairly terrible) golfer. I played a round the other day and was confronted with an odd situation. I sliced a ball through some trees and onto the adjacent fairway. I still had 200-250 metres left to the pin after this shot. When I got to my ball, I noted that the trees between me and hole or the fairway of the hole I was playing were thick and high, whereas about 150 closer to the hole, the trees really thinned out. I therefore played a shot up the 'wrong' fairway to a position where I could relatively easily chip to the green through the sparse area of trees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was a social game, so I wasn't too worried, but was what I did legal under the Laws of Golf? Is there any compulsion to play along the 'correct' fairway when possible? Also, aside from any letter of the law considerations, what etiquette issues might doing this present?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T16:12:53.390" Title="In Golf, can you choose to play down the 'wrong' fairway?" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3816" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3817" CreationDate="2014-01-12T23:47:45.307" Score="2" ViewCount="1717" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here, I'm not talking about balls that barely miss the strike zone, being barely outside the plate or below the knees. More like pitches that go into the dirt, or six inches wide of the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes batters sometimes chase such pitches? Do they really believe that they can hit them? Or has the pitcher fooled them into believing that they will be called strikes even when they miss by a wide margin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T20:36:42.330" Title="Why do batters sometimes chase balls well outside the strike zone?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3816" CreationDate="2014-01-13T00:54:44.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, the strike zone is a mystical thing sometimes. While there are specific guidelines, some umpires change it a little based on the height or size of the batter. Most of the time, batters swing at these pitches because from the pitchers windup, they thing it will be a strike. They follow the ball usually as it passes the ear of the pitcher (left for a southpaw and right for a righty) Some pitches such as a slider, fake the batter out by appearing to come down the plate, but fall lower than anticipated, hence the name. A change up or off speed pitch do the same to a batter from their view. They believe that they will cross the plate in the strike zone, therefore they take a whack at it but often whiff if they don't realize the style of pitch. Most good batters can tell when an off speed pitch is coming down the pike, and plan for it, holding off or taking a swing. Hope this helps to clear things up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T00:54:44.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3922" CreationDate="2014-01-13T14:26:27.010" Score="10" ViewCount="3968" Body="&lt;p&gt;There must be some sort of agreed upon general rules, which most professionals are accustomed to when competing internationally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only set of rules I've crossed were &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(APA) American Pool Association&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(BCA) Billiard Congress of America&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hoping to find one standard rules and follow it, instead of asking every player &quot;are we playing APA or BCA?&quot; They're pretty similar but have some differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T22:35:10.637" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T05:44:04.860" Title="What are the most common 8-ball rules professionals play by?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3815" CreationDate="2014-01-13T15:26:08.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Golf, can you choose to play down the 'wrong' fairway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This depends on local course rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Courses define &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Rules-of-Golf/Definitions/#Out-Of-Bounds&quot;&gt;out-of-bounds&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do fences, lines, and/or stakes mark out-of-bounds boundaries?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some courses mark boundaries per each hole, which means you cannot chose to play down the &quot;wrong&quot; fairway, or fairway of a different hole. However, some courses mark boundaries only per hazard (a body of water, a swamp, a forest, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the course does not mark boundaries per each hole, then that course does not prohibit playing down the &quot;wrong&quot; fairway. If you are playing recreationally, chances are that your playing partners will not mind if you play down the &quot;wrong&quot; fairway. Perhaps the group playing that hole might.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T15:26:08.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1484" CreationDate="2014-01-14T05:57:23.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Flyers went with the one forechecker against the Soviet Red Army team in 1976. Their zone defense clogged up both sides of the ice in the neutral zone. This helped to defend against a team of superior skaters, who were constantly in motion--passing and weaving their way up the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fred Shero later said the idea was to funnel the Soviets up the middle, and force them to rely on the lone puck carrier. If he were going to score--again, as Shero said--he'd have to first get by the center (Clarke, for example), somehow get past two defensemen, and then finally have to beat the goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Flyers must have really bought into the strategy, just like the Devils must have in the 90s. I assume it takes a certain group of guys to actually make these kinds of systems work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I may be late to the game here. But I figured this was relevant, and now almost 40 years in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2148" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T05:57:23.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16266" CreationDate="2014-01-15T07:56:07.080" Score="4" ViewCount="562" Body="&lt;p&gt;I shoot 10 meter air pistol with the Gamo Compact. When adjusting the sights, how much does one click left/right and up/down, respectively, correspond to on the target?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2155" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-15T14:11:08.297" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T00:25:12.400" Title="Sight adjustments on the Gamo Compact air pistol" Tags="|equipment|shooting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3826" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-15T08:40:44.540" Score="5" ViewCount="1127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw so many matches when they tied, and result also comes by some very interesting plays, like Super Over, and some of the matches remains tie only. But in First T-20 World cup, when India and Pakistan's scores were level, then both the sides threw some deliveries to the stumps, what kind of rule was that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2154" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T07:59:01.343" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T07:59:01.343" Title="When the match is getting tied then why some of matches remains tie, and some goes to Super Over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3826" CreationDate="2014-01-15T09:44:53.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first Twenty 20 world cup was played in the year of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsaustralia.com/articles/news.php?id=1310&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; but, the super over was introduced by ICC only in the year of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/stanfordtwenty20/content/story/375503.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When India and Pakistan's match went for tie in the first T20 world cup, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/6993851.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bowl-Out method was used&lt;/a&gt; to break the tie. Then, the super-over method was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/358299.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;introduced to replace bowl-out&lt;/a&gt; method in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T09:44:53.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3826" CreationDate="2014-01-15T10:00:40.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answering your main question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why some of matches remains tie and some goes to superover?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision of keeping the match tie or go for tie breaker like Super Over depends on a particular series. Mostly, tie breaker is used in the series between more than two countries like any ICC world events, continent tournaments like Asia cup etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your other question (which is already answered by @Sports Fan):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision of which type of tie breaker (Bowl out or Super over etc.) should be taken also depends on the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit: (As suggested by @Sports Fan)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ICC announce such playing conditions before the tournament is started. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/champions-trophy/super-over-to-decide-a-tie/article4827686.ece&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this report in thehindu.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-15T10:48:34.777" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T10:48:34.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1286" CreationDate="2014-01-15T15:36:07.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This numbers are usually depending on manufacture, but there are some sites which are good, and we can partially trust them. Best one in my opinion is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletennisdb.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tabletennisdb.com/&lt;/a&gt;, In this site nearly all blades and robbers are available, and they also have a community rating. So if you cannot compare a butterfly rating with a Donic one, you can compare them by communities suggestion. Also take note that to be careful about &quot;consistency&quot;, this is the part that is high in expensive blades and is low in cheap blades. That means you cannot trust speed of x for cheap blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2156" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T15:36:07.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-01-15T23:04:24.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An instance where a Test match was ended by crowd disturbance was the Fifth Test between West Indies and Australia at Sabina Park, Kingston in May 1978. West Indies were 9 wickets down in their second innings and over 100 runs behind late on the fifth day when parts of the crowd rioted. Police were called and players retreated to the dressing room, played being called off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A decision was made that evening by the management of the two teams to complete the Test on the following morning, which would have been the sixth day of the game. One umpire agreed to stand on the extra day, the other didn't and so the match did not continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match scorecard is on Cricinfo &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63210.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Peter Toohey played for Australia in that Test, his account of the incident is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/350489.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1841" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T23:04:24.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3834" CreationDate="2014-01-15T23:07:58.983" Score="9" ViewCount="14191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are players thrown out of a face-off? I've heard there is a certain procedure for these circumstances, but I haven't found a list of things that are considered 'illegal'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-10-04T14:43:00.623" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T14:43:00.623" Title="Why do ice hockey players get thrown out of the face off circle?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-15T23:19:59.607" Score="5" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sign-and-trade is relatively common when stars leave a team that they've been with for a long time. I don't understand why this practice exists. Take Lebron going to the Heat, for example. He was a free agent. He could have gone anywhere, but he chose to re-sign with the Cavs so that they could trade him to the Heat and get draft picks in return. Seemingly, this weakens the team that Lebron had just signed with, as they had weaker drafts in his first (two?) seasons there than they likely would have if he had signed with them outright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does this practice exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T23:40:38.373" Title="In the NBA, why is the sign-and-trade a thing?" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-01-16T03:52:42.570" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3831" CreationDate="2014-01-16T01:38:05.503" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated in the Official NHL (National Hockey League) Rulebook in rule 76.6, players must comply by the following standards, otherwise it will result in a face-off violation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i) Encroachment by any player other than the center into the face-off&#xA;  area prior to the puck being dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ii) Encroachment by any player into the area between the hash marks on&#xA;  the outer edges of the face-off circle prior to the puck being&#xA;  dropped. Players must also ensure that both of their skates do not&#xA;  cross their respective hash marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;iii) Any physical contact with an opponent prior to the puck being&#xA;  dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;iv) Failure by either center taking the face-off to properly position&#xA;  himself behind the restraining lines or place his stick on the ice (as&#xA;  outlined in Rule 76.4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;v) The blade of the stick must then be placed on the ice (at least the&#xA;  toe of the blade of the stick) within the designated face-off area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Violation of these rules will result in removal from the face-off (the&#xA;  center) and normally one of the wingers comes in to take the re-drop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any 2 face-off violations committed by the same team during the same&#xA;  face-off will result in a Delay of Game minor penalty for 2 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Included is also a link to the Official Rulebook for further reading and long form rules:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/pdfs/2012-13_RuleBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/pdfs/2012-13_RuleBook.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-16T03:53:44.400" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T03:53:44.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3816" CreationDate="2014-01-16T20:33:40.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On average, it takes about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/biobaseball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4 tenths of a second&lt;/a&gt; for a ball to cross the plate after it leaves the pitcher's hand.  In that time, the batter needs to determine if the pitch is going to be hittable, where the pitch is going to cross the plate and then get their bat around in the time and place to hit it where they want to hit it.  With such a smaller window available to make multiple decisions and react, it's only understandable that they'd make the wrong decision and over commit to swing at a terrible pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T20:33:40.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3837" CreationDate="2014-01-13T23:50:15.417" Score="15" ViewCount="598" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently watching Harry Potter (because I'm super-cool), and it occurred to me: has there ever been a sport that had something akin to catching the snitch in Quidditch, where the game immediately ends in victory, regardless of how long you've been playing or how well you've been doing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All sports I can think of generally end after a certain period of time (e.g. basketball), a certain number of turns (e.g. innings in baseball), or a certain number of milestones (e.g. holes in golf).  With all of them, though, victory is the result of earning points as you go, so the winner can be predicted with increasing certainty as the session progresses.  There may be a 9th-inning rally, but even if you turn it around in the last 2 minutes, you still have to close the distance and eventually overtake your opponent's score before you win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Non-physical games often have instant-win conditions (e.g. checkmate in chess) where you could be doing horribly and then instantly be the winner, but are there any (or have there been any in history) physical sports that have similar potential?  I seem to recall that the ball game of the Aztecs had something like this, but the accounts I'm finding online seem to disagree with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2161" OwnerDisplayName="Alexander Winn" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-01-17T22:20:07.523" LastActivityDate="2014-01-18T02:17:38.137" Title="Any historical sports with instant-win moves?" Tags="|rules|history|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-14T01:26:17.500" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxing has a win in 10 seconds via knockout, or instantly if the referee calls it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" OwnerDisplayName="Oldcat" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T01:26:17.500" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-14T22:40:04.493" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The boxing answer seems to answer the question in affirmative, but I think this is an exception rather then the rule: KO/ippon are called when the blow has been &quot;decisive&quot;, usually meaning that the loosing opponent &lt;strong&gt;cannot continue anyway&lt;/strong&gt;. In fact, the inability to continue is the basis for &quot;technical KO&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the answer to the question should be something like &quot;there is no instant-wins in common sports, except for the situations when one of the sides cannot continue.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sports seem to favour the one who can sustained prolonged advantage: that is more fair as well as better for spectators. However, when one side cannot or would not continue, whether by receiving KO, or by getting deemed decisively outmatched, or by getting disqualified, or by forfeiture, only then the other side gets awarded the instant win. In a way, that's the punishment for denying the spectators the prolonged match they were expecting. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="Michael" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T22:40:04.493" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-15T00:39:48.470" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not only does boxing currently have the ten-second KO rule and the ancillary TKO rule (in which a referee can stop a fight at any time if it looks like the consequences of keeping the fight going are greater than charging a guy a loss - this happens when a fighter is &quot;out on his feet&quot; but also, for instance, when he's cut over one of his eyes and can't see the punches coming in) but its pre-Marquis of Queensbury origins generally had fights run as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The boxers would fight until one of them was knocked down. This ended a &quot;round&quot; of boxing. As you might imagine, they often lasted longer than 3 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The boxers were given some short amount of time to get themselves ready to go. Nowadays the time between rounds is 60 seconds, to give you some idea of how long a recently knocked-down fighter might have.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By some period of time, both fighters would have to meet each other in the center of the fighting arena at a line scratched out in the dirt. If one of the fighters was unable or unwilling to reach this point, the contest was called in favor of his opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, this is the origin of the phrase &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/9/messages/53.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;up to scratch&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing that can happen in boxing, and I think this is as close as you're going to get to the Quidditch parallel, is that if one boxer accidentally fouls another in such a way that the latter is unable to proceed, the bout is scored as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If less than 4 complete rounds have been fought, the fight is ruled a technical draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If 4 or more complete rounds have been fought, the judges' scorecards are revealed and whoever is leading on them wins. This process is known as a technical decision.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ringsidebygus.com/boxing-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that unlike in Quidditch you don't get a point boost for causing the accidental foul. In fact, if the referee decides that your foul was intentional, he has the right to award a victory to your opponent by way of disqualification. The most common way this kind of thing happens, since most fouls are kind of obvious, is on an accidental head butt - for example, both fighters duck at the same time and hit each other in the head, causing a cut to form over one of the men's eyes. To further cloud this issue, such a cut might not become too severe to play though for a couple of rounds after it was created. At that point there could be some consternation on both sides because if a legal punch caused the cut, the result is a TKO, not a technical decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other primary way a sport can end before its predetermined limit is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercy_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mercy rule&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;For instance, softball up into college has a rule that states that if you pull ahead of your opponent by 10 runs or more, the game is instantly called right then and there. This is a little important when playing a ball-and-bat game between potentially wide ranges of opposition since a game could theoretically never end if one side lacked the ability to put the other side out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="John Craven" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T00:39:48.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-15T14:43:47.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started to offer Pankration, as an example, but then I found this anecdote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In an odd turn of events, a pankration fighter named Arrhichion (Ἀρριχίων) of Phigalia won the pankration competition at the Olympic Games despite being dead. His opponent had locked him in a chokehold and Arrhichion, desperate to loosen it, broke his opponent's toe (some records say his ankle). The opponent nearly passed out from pain and submitted. As the referee raised Arrhichion's hand, it was discovered that he had died from the chokehold. His body was crowned with the olive wreath and taken back to Phigaleia as a hero. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If killing your opponent didn't qualify as a win, then I can't imagine an instant win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="Mark C. Wallace" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T14:43:47.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-15T17:03:07.463" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found record of one sport that had an instant win move. The Mesoamerican ballgame, whose modern descendant is known as &lt;em&gt;ulama&lt;/em&gt;, could be won with a single move: putting the ball through a ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was said to be so difficult that it rarely occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to 16th century Aztec chronicler Motolinia, points were&#xA;gained if the ball hit the opposite end wall, while the decisive&#xA;victory was reserved for the team that put the ball through a ring.&#xA;However, placing the ball through the ring was a rare event—the rings&#xA;at Chichen Itza, for example, were set 6 meters off the playing&#xA;field—and most games were likely won on points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roger Highfield speculates in &lt;em&gt;The Science of Harry Potter: How Magic Really Works&lt;/em&gt; that Quidditch may have been based on this Mesoamerican ballgame because of its magic/religious significance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect the answer to these questions may lie in Central America, Mesoamerica, where an extraordinary ball game--perhaps the most amazing of all time--contains intriguing echoes of Quidditch and its American variant, Quodpot. Indeed, I was surprised that this does not even merit a passing mention in &lt;em&gt;Quidditch Through the Ages&lt;/em&gt;, marking a serious omission by Kennilworthy Whisp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The people who took part in &lt;em&gt;Nahualtlachtli&lt;/em&gt;, which means the magic ball game, were probably involved in the very first team sport. The game was played for thousands of years and probably started in Mexico in around 1500 B.C., with Mesoamerica's first great civilization, the Olmec, according to Manuel Aguilar of California State University, Los Angeles. By 1200 B.C. it was being played in Oaxaca, the Mexican highland and in the west of Mesoamerica, notable El Opeño, Michoacán. The location of its birthplace is no accident, for the balls were made of rubber, which originated in Mesoamerica.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further down, he notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball game was indeed a cermonial activity that celebrated a magical battle for survival, where a human team was symbolically pitched against the gods and the awesome powers of the natural world. Each clash was seen as a struggle between the opposing forces of day and night, good and evil, and life and death, echoing how the best games of Quidditch put sly Slytherin against noble Gryffindor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game was richly textured with symbolism to reflect the creation story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame#Material_and_formal_aspects&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mesoamerican ballgame - Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Wikipedia references &lt;strong&gt;Shelton, Anthony A. (2003). &amp;quot;The Aztec Theatre State and the Dramatization of War&amp;quot;. In Tim Cornell and Thomas B. Allen (eds.). War and Games. New York: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-870-9.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.calstatela.edu/faculty/maguila2/Publications/a02_potter_2002.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Science of Harry Potter: How Magic Really Works&lt;/em&gt; - Roger Highfield &lt;em&gt;(excerpt)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2165" OwnerDisplayName="called2voyage" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T17:28:51.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-16T02:22:11.000" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many simple races fit your criteria: Doesn't matter how well you did before or how long it takes you - just get over the finish line &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt;, and you win immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2175" OwnerDisplayName="ComeAndGo" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T02:22:11.000" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3869" CreationDate="2014-01-17T07:29:47.053" Score="7" ViewCount="4066" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw quite a lot of tutorials about backward skating -- how to stop, start, turn, spin, crossover, crossunder, you name it. But no single tutorial show how to skate backwards in a &quot;straight&quot; line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, assume you have to skate 1 km in a straight line, you no longer learning, it is not an edge drill or whatever, just skating. You have to be efficient (I am not looking for figure skating) -- so time is an important factor. Safety as well, in a sense, that with normal skating you have other skaters behind you (so it is not speed skating in reverse).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most guys I saw skate in a mini-slalom fashion, they are zig-zaging backwards, without raising their skates off the ice. The trail would not look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;| |&#xA;| |&#xA;| |&#xA;| |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but rather&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;/ /&#xA;\ \&#xA;/ /&#xA;\ \&#xA;/ /&#xA;\ \&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with their butt slightly waving from side to side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can skate the same way, but I am wondering if this should be my goal of best (efficiency) skating backwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I use ice-hockey skates, but I don't play hockey (and I won't be), I am looking to master ice skating perfectly for recreation, and fun.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-17T16:02:11.760" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T19:27:21.730" Title="How to skate backwards -- for efficiency and speed" Tags="|technique|skating|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3237" CreationDate="2014-01-17T09:46:58.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no eligibility to play for a team. Any player can play in CLT20 if he is contracted by owner of the team. And playing XI is decided by captain and coach. At start of any league every team has to submit their final list of players. And only these player can play through out league. In between league, team can not change or swap player without any special reason. So yes there is no eligibility to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;:  If you have seen last season of IPL(Indian premier League) there was a player from Rajasthan Royals named &lt;strong&gt;PRAVIN TAMBE&lt;/strong&gt;. When he debuted for Rajasthan Royals, He was not having any experience or he never even played any first class / International Matches.&#xA;At the end of league Rajasthan Royals was qualified for CLT20 and PRAVIN TAMBE played there also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is no such kind of eligibility needed to play for team. You and me also can play if any team hire us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2163" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-17T12:08:48.897" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T12:08:48.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="527" CreationDate="2014-01-17T14:52:04.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question &quot;Why is a charge down not regarded as a knock on in rugby union?&quot; can be answered as above, by quoting law 12.  But my answer to the question relates to the principles of the game as well as the laws.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two kinds of infringements that can occur on a rugby field, technical and intentional. Technical infringements are usually sanctioned with a scrum or free kick, intentional infringements are sanctioned with a penalty and possible admonishment of a player and a sending off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is the charge down of a kick an infringement at all? If so, is it a technical infringement or intentional? Or, is a charge down of a kick a skill specific to rugby union? (and other codes such Australian rules, Gaelic football and rugby league). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has an infringement occurred around the ball, the ball carrier or team mate of the ball carrier? No. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has happened is an opposition player has, with good timing and skill and bravery, managed to get their body in the way of the flight of the ball and, through no act of foul play or other illegality they may benefit from this action.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A simple rule of thumb when refereeing a game of rugby union. Penalize negative actions, reward positive actions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1123" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T14:52:04.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2014-01-17T15:36:43.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question directly. No, any player can throw the ball into the line out. It tends to be the hooker the majority of the time and the reasons why have been already pointed out here. In my time playing and refereeing, I've seen the following players throw the ball in; the open side flanker, the scrum half and a loose head prop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I played rugby for a club called Balinasloe RFC, we had a few training sessions from an ex-international Irish player, Noel Mannion, and his philosophy on the throwing in player was simple. It was the player who could throw the ball in the straightest and with the most accuracy (not always the hooker). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1123" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T15:36:43.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="806" CreationDate="2014-01-17T15:49:28.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question has been answered above quite correctly.  The following points are guidelines as to when a quick throw can be taken. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick throw is allowed to be taken if all of the following apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball that went into touch is the same ball used for the quick throw&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball has not touched any other person, other than the player about to throw the ball back into play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball is being thrown in by the same player who retrieved the ball (i.e a team mate hasn't gathered the ball and passed it to the player who is going to throw the ball back into play)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player throwing the ball back into play hasn't stepped onto the field of play before the throw is complete (i.e hasn't put part of their foot or feet into the field of play as they are in the act of throwing the ball in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1123" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2014-01-17T17:28:57.273" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T17:28:57.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3836" CreationDate="2014-01-17T21:53:53.730" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nine-ball pool&lt;/a&gt; meets this criteria, and is currently played in tournament settings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Nine-ball, unlike in the standard Eight-ball pool that more people are familiar with, anytime a player puts the nine-ball in the pocket with a legal shot, that player wins.  It doesn't matter how many other balls either player has gotten in.  Player A could pocket the first eight balls, but if Player B puts in the nine-ball, Player B is the winner.  Nine-ball really has no score; a single event wins the game, and it can happen at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eight-ball pool&lt;/a&gt;, there is actually a progression to the game, and one player can be ahead of the other.  However, the player that is behind can still instantly win the game if the player that is ahead pockets the eight-ball prematurely.  You might think of this as more of an instant-lose event rather than an instant-win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to count instant-lose scenarios, there are a number of sports (races, for example) where the person that is ahead can disqualify themselves by breaking rules, and the person behind can win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-01-18T02:17:38.137" LastActivityDate="2014-01-18T02:17:38.137" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3777" CreationDate="2014-01-18T14:43:59.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had a fitness coach from Derby County speak to us at work and he said that he got the players core fitness and balance to improve by throwing a medicine ball to each other while sitting and balancing on a exercise ball (the big blow up types). He said at first they would practice balancing and after a week or 2 introduced the ball. Apparently they got very proficient and became quite a fiercely competitive game with harder and harder throwing which just shows how much this would have worked! Just balancing and sitting on an exercise ball requires good core strength but also throwing a heavy medicine ball at the same time is on another level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2167" LastActivityDate="2014-01-18T14:43:59.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3854" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-19T16:23:34.487" Score="7" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading about strategies that general managers use to rebuild an NBA basketball team. By rebuilding I mean the process of letting go existing players and signing new young players with the aim of making a competitive team in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was reading about the rebuilding process by the Boston Celtics, which seems to be centered around getting draft picks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the meantime, Ainge has been doing a great job accumulating future&#xA;  draft picks, and that can only help accelerate the restocking of his&#xA;  roster. When Ainge traded Jordan Crawford and former Net MarShon&#xA;  Brooks to Golden State this past week in a three-way deal with the&#xA;  Heat, the Celtics picked up two more draft picks. Between Ainge’s&#xA;  deals with the Nets and Clippers and other moves, the Celtics now have&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;17 potential draft picks over the next five seasons&lt;/strong&gt;. Some will be used&#xA;  for their drafts, but others are likely to be included as sweeteners&#xA;  in deals for established players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/basketball/lawrence-rondo-rajon-move-article-1.1583942&quot;&gt;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/basketball/lawrence-rondo-rajon-move-article-1.1583942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: how important is it to accumulate draft picks in a rebuilding effort compared to any other available strategies? And are there examples of teams that have built competitive teams without giving up important players? For example, I would think the San Antonio Spurs as an example of a team that has had competitive teams without going through a rebuilding phase in many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2176" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T12:03:09.490" Title="NBA draft picks as a team rebuilding strategy" Tags="|basketball|nba|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3854" CreationDate="2014-01-19T19:58:23.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be a risky strategy because not all draft picks deliver on the potential/promise of their college performance. There is a similar situation in the NFL where the transition from college to professional playing schedule/style makes it very difficult for young players to handle. A good manager would try to balance the risk of draft picks with the safety of tried and tested players. It is also about getting the right balance in a team of mixing experienced with rookie players so that the energy and respect within the team is good and a solid culture can be established. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes this has to be considered as part of a bigger strategy for both long term and short term objectives that the team needs to achieve. There's no point getting a lot of rookies to plan for the future if the coach is going to get sacked for under performing or not making the play-offs for example. So the other aspect is managing the expectation of the franchise owners and the fans, which is why it is never an easy job, but someone's got to do it...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastEditorUserId="1539" LastEditDate="2016-04-11T01:43:23.780" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T01:43:23.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-20T03:54:18.930" Score="2" ViewCount="5719" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always thought the order of the players entering the pitch was random after the Captain, who is always first, but for some reason this weekend I noticed that the goalkeeper was right behind the Captain in all of the matches I watched, in both the English Premiere and French leagues.  Is there a rule dictating the order of players entering the pitch?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2178" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T17:29:22.897" Title="Is there a specific order for soccer/football players entering the pitch at the beginning of the match?" Tags="|rules|football|formations|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3141" CreationDate="2014-01-20T04:19:02.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;100% it's a great way to warm up and keep it going.&#xA;In rallies it's actually a great weapon to have the ability to slow down the ball and catch your opponent off guard, but depending on the level of player you're up against they may be able to spot the slower shot and counter it and hit a winner against you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend having versatility in your game, but keep hitting at a higher level where possible. I always do this when warming up, just as you mentioned it helps with rhythm and gives you great confidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2179" LastActivityDate="2014-01-20T04:19:02.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3859" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-20T08:48:39.833" Score="4" ViewCount="6854" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the first ODI of India's tour of New Zealand 2014, I could see a new term named &lt;strong&gt;WASP&lt;/strong&gt; on the right side of the TV screen on Sony Six - the channel broadcasting the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mm41w.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was searching about that, I found that it means, Winning And Scoring Prediction whose value will be changed during the match.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ie, during first innings the predicted score will be displayed and during the second innings the winning percentage will be shown. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula for calculating WASP is mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportskeeda.com/2014/01/19/win-and-score-prediction-working-wasp-cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't understand it clearly.&#xA;Can anyone explain it with an example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it logically correct?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  How does a mathematical formula differentiate&#xA;  a player with form and without form?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   How much values will be given for&#xA;  pitch conditions according to the situation and climate?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The&#xA;  performance of players like Kohli may be same in all countries, but&#xA;  what about players like Ashwin and Rohit in overseas pitches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have many more questions, but all of them are under one topic,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Logical explanation of the formula used for calculating WASP in&#xA;  cricket&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T04:36:45.983" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T05:17:20.763" Title="Is the WASP calculation in cricket logically correct?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3860" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-20T18:15:55.337" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-20T18:15:55.337" LastActivityDate="2014-01-20T18:15:55.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3861" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-20T18:15:55.337" Score="0" Body="Questions about the cue sport formally known as pocket billiards or pool billiards. Please try and specify which the exact set of rules the question refers to." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T23:02:56.410" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T23:02:56.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2956" CreationDate="2014-01-20T19:34:06.367" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Back in the 19th century, teams of professional baseball stars used to go on tours to England and overseas and play cricket against the locals.  They won most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-01-20T19:34:06.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3857" CreationDate="2014-01-21T00:41:36.723" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally teams enter the field captain first followed by the players in ascending order of the numbers on their back. Seeing as the goalkeepers usually wear number 1 they will follow the captain (followed by no. 2,3,4,5,6... etc)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user2184" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T00:41:36.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3867" CreationDate="2014-01-21T01:14:22.457" Score="4" ViewCount="779" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket What technology is used to measure the speed of a the ball delivered by bowler?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What parameter used to measure this speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2185" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-21T09:06:23.597" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T18:24:39.047" Title="What technology is used to measure the speed of ball delivered?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3857" CreationDate="2014-01-21T15:03:42.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule about the order in which players enter the pitch that I could see. However I would guess that there is a rule or just a tradition for the captain to enter onto the pitch first. Usually the goalkeeper is second but after that it seems not to matter what order they enter onto the field. Players like Ronaldo usually seem to go out last (maybe to get the biggest cheer from the crowd?). &#xA;For the team there is definitely no rule for the order in which they must enter onto the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T15:03:42.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3865" CreationDate="2014-01-21T17:19:42.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually a Radar Gun, similar to what they use to test the speed of cars, is aimed down the pitch and uses a radio transmitter and receiver with the Doppler effect principle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hawkeye also usually uses 6 cameras and each of them measure the distance the ball has gone and how long it took and then uses this in the Speed= Distance/Time equation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps =D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T17:19:42.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3857" CreationDate="2014-01-21T17:29:22.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both Ronan's and user2184's answers are about right. &#xA;The captain exits first because so that they can shake the ref's and other captains hand before the rest of the team. This because they are supposed to lead by example and,although it is not seen in the modern game as much as it still is in rugby, be the most senior player on the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tradition dictates the formation behind him should go in ascending order of number, but some of the more famous players do come out last. For some self obsessed players, such as Ronaldo, it may be for the bigger cheer, but usually it is because they do not want the rest of the team to not get their deserved appreciation because the fans are focused on them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T17:29:22.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3844" CreationDate="2014-01-21T17:38:04.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You ideally want to be pushing your feet from an imaginary line down the centre of your body, outwards. This is pretty much the opposite of skating forwards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason these people skate slalom style backwards without lifting skates up is because that way you are getting the power from both of your legs at the same time, not one and then the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to skate backwards fast and in a straight line then you ideally want to be doing the zigzag, but keeping it tight towards the centre because the more you push outwards, the further you will go overall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you wish to learn start with out and in, then just keep your feet together when you do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T17:38:04.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3870" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-21T20:54:09.303" Score="7" ViewCount="28802" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can there be a fake field goal or extra point in college when the holder starts out with his knee on the ground? This should instantly ground the ball if the kicker isn't going to kick it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2189" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T09:17:29.330" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T13:00:12.127" Title="Why is the ball not dead on a fake field goal in college football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3870" CreationDate="2014-01-21T21:12:30.210" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are only down if you &lt;em&gt;possess the football&lt;/em&gt; and are on a knee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cILlBazwV8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this fake extra point&lt;/a&gt; Oregon executed for a 2 point conversion in the 2011 BCS championship game. Note how the holder comes out of his crouch and &lt;em&gt;does not&lt;/em&gt; have his knee touching the ground when he receives the football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, there is a specific excpetion for the holder on a scrimmage kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR14.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 4, section 1, article 3, b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exception: The ball remains alive when an offensive player has simulated a kick or at the snap is in position to kick the ball held for a place kick by a teammate. The ball may be kicked, passed or advanced by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-01-21T21:22:02.733" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T21:22:02.733" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3870" CreationDate="2014-01-21T21:19:10.847" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules make a special exception for the case of a kick holder, or else place kicks would be nearly impossible to execute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In NCAA Rule 4, section 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. A live ball becomes dead and an official shall sound his whistle&#xA;  or declare it dead:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. When any part of the ball carrier’s body, except his hand or foot, touches the ground or when the ball carrier is tackled or otherwise falls and loses possession of the ball as he contacts the ground with any part of his body, except his hand or foot &lt;strong&gt;[Exception: The ball remains alive when an offensive player has simulated a kick or at the snap is in position to kick the ball held for a place kick by a teammate. The ball may be kicked, passed or&#xA;  advanced by rule]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-01-21T21:25:30.773" LastActivityDate="2014-01-21T21:25:30.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3247" CreationDate="2014-01-22T10:37:20.850" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Duckworth - Lewis method is a method which is used in cricket for calculating a probable score in weather affected matches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method is based on the current score, number of wickets fallen and the revised number of overs to be palyed the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can get more details about this method at &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DUCKWORTH_LEWIS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DUCKWORTH_LEWIS.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2194" LastActivityDate="2014-01-22T10:37:20.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4171" CreationDate="2014-01-22T14:48:53.697" Score="6" ViewCount="96775" Body="&lt;p&gt;From time to time I stumble upon pool players who think/thought the rule is to take a ball (other than the cue ball) out of the pocket every time you scratch but none of them knew where that rule came from. We're playing 8-ball here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a real rule or a myth? and if the former than what set of rules does it apply to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-01-22T23:18:07.847" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T05:03:57.377" Title="What set of rules say that scratching requires the player to take another ball out of a pocket?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3876" CreationDate="2014-01-22T21:07:41.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a standard rule. According to the World Pool-Billiard Association &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;, the only penalty for a foul is the following &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.9 Standard Fouls&#xA;  If the shooter commits a foul, play passes to his opponent. The cue ball is in hand, and the incoming player may place it anywhere on the playing surface. (See 1.5 Cue Ball in Hand.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule further specifies that no object ball other than the 8-ball is ever spotted (rule3.7). The Billiard Congress of America (BCA) uses the above rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edited this section after finding APA rules online&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;The American Poolplayers Association &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poolplaying.com/8ballrules.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8-ball rules&lt;/a&gt; do specify that object balls are spotted &lt;em&gt;if they have been knocked on the floor (Rule 6)&lt;/em&gt;. An object ball knocked on the floor is not a foul, but it is spotted after the player's shot is complete or after he misses, whichever comes later. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is Rule 6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;BALL ON THE FLOOR -- If the 8-ball is knocked on the floor , it is loss of game. Object balls knocked on the floor are spotted. If the spot is taken, the ball is placed on a line directly behind the spot as close as possible. Knocking a ball other than the cue ball on the floor is not a foul. It might occur that a player pockets his ball while simultaneously knocking another ball on the floor. In the situation, it is still his turn and the ball is not spotted until he misses. If the ball on the floor is one of the shooter's balls, it is spotted when the shooter had pocketed all his other balls or misses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sets of rules agree with respect to the original question. Pocketed object balls are not spotted after a foul (scratch or any other type of foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, there are myriad house rules that I've played by: 8-ball on break, loser pays $5; 8-ball on break loses game; All shots must be called; Pull object balls on scratch; No combination shots; Combination shots can use opponent's object ball; etc. There are probably as many house rules as there are places to play. So to answer your question - Yes, it is a rule &lt;em&gt;in that pool-hall with those players&lt;/em&gt;. But it is not an official standard rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1740" LastEditorUserId="1740" LastEditDate="2014-01-23T01:29:51.707" LastActivityDate="2014-01-23T01:29:51.707" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3876" CreationDate="2014-01-22T23:22:31.403" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It isn't a myth, since that is the rule I always played casual 8-ball with in bars or rec-rooms here in the USA.  In fact, I never ran into anyone playing by other rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is helpful when everyone is really bad because it gives you something to shoot at, and the game lasts longer.  On the other hand, when just the cue ball and the 8 is left it gets pretty scary because then scratching loses you the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-01-22T23:22:31.403" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3885" CreationDate="2014-01-23T00:35:27.473" Score="8" ViewCount="809" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was involved in a discussion on the &quot;worst&quot; singles Grand Slam winner and we were trying to think of the player with the lowest career high ranking as a possible candidate.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Edmondson&quot;&gt;Mark Edmondson&lt;/a&gt; was dug up with a career high ranking of #15 (rather than his ranking when he won, which was #212 and the lowest ever).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any, male or female, with lower in the era of rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-01-23T05:55:58.213" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T17:17:05.447" Title="Is there a tennis Grand Slam winner with a lower career high ranking than #15?" Tags="|history|trivia|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-23T12:29:49.437" Score="6" ViewCount="443" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a solution against nose aches after a lot of swimming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maybe nose clips, that only let you breathe out and close when you breathe in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1394" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-23T14:10:36.373" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T17:39:24.100" Title="Semipermeable swimming nose clips" Tags="|equipment|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-23T21:51:15.637" Score="2" ViewCount="6324" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that every figure skater (in championship levels) specializes in just one of pair or single skating. Is that true? If yes, why? Is there such a great difference between them that no one can master both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1873" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-17T14:38:55.057" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T04:37:46.330" Title="Figure Skating: Pair vs Single" Tags="|skating|ice-skating|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3879" CreationDate="2014-01-24T05:55:34.347" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like Australian Chris O'Neil never made it above a world ranking of #80 and she won the 1978 Australian Open: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_O%27Neil_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_O%27Neil_(tennis)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T05:55:34.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3024" CreationDate="2014-01-24T07:56:46.777" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If any interruption occurs by rain or audience duckworth luis method is applied to the team that takes batting in second innings of that match.It works on reducing overs limit. For example if team A makes170 runs for two wicketsafter 33.2 overs and match gets disturbed by rain,then the number of overs will be reduced to42 overs from 50.Number of overs to reduce depends on resources available i,e overs and wickets.probability works here asuming tht if team A plays 50 overs it might have done 296 runs in 42 0vers where the match overs limit was made.soteam B has to do297 runs in 42 overs to win the match .&#xA;If team B can't win, it is not completely due to duckworth law as before beginning of 2nd innings itself a sheet will be given to captain stating at what runs will win the match if match stops at what over&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T07:56:46.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4006" CreationDate="2014-01-24T09:44:05.317" Score="4" ViewCount="18189" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who holds the decision to declare Man of the Match/Man of the Series/&#xA;  Tournament award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071017054456AAnmqyO&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sources&lt;/a&gt; say that it is decided by commentators and former cricket players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How the Man of the match is decide when there are equivalent&#xA;  performance from two players in the same match ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a case in which a batsmen scores 100 runs with a good strike rate and a bowler takes a 5 wicket haul with an average economy rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What will be things considered while declaring a Man of the Match for&#xA;  such case ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it is possible to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2005/man-of-the-match-award-for-two-players&quot;&gt;Award two man of the match&lt;/a&gt;. But how it is decided in other matches where there is only single man of the match award given.Any ICC rule for such case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T04:14:07.153" Title="Declaring Man of The Match and Man of the Series/Tournament Award" Tags="|rules|cricket|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3882" CreationDate="2014-01-24T11:42:14.337" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can buy nose clips on Amazon, a lot of swimmers use them. I don't know what they are like but from what I read some people use them if they have allergies to chemicals in a pool. That could be the problem you are having?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.enjoy-swimming.com/nose-clips.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;excerpt from a good article&lt;/a&gt; on the pros and cons of using a nose clip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantages:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If your nose is allergic to pool chemicals (e.g. chlorine), a clip&#xA;  might be the solution to keep those chemicals out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drawbacks:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Breathing is less efficient because the nose is shut down and the&#xA;  overall physical efficiency in the water decreases. You have a greater&#xA;  tendency to hold your breath if you wear a nose plug. Holding your&#xA;  breath should be avoided as it is better to exhale continuously in the&#xA;  water because it keeps the body more relaxed and the stroke more&#xA;  fluid. Water might become trapped in the nose and generate snot that&#xA;  can't evacuate. That was the case for me and my nose was regularly&#xA;  obstructed after a swim practice where I had used a clip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/387496-swimming-and-nasal-congestion/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;excerpt from an article&lt;/a&gt; talks about the reasons why you could have an aching nose after swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breathing:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Proper breathing during swimming is essential to help reduce nasal&#xA;  congestion and discomfort. If you get water in your nose while&#xA;  swimming, try to continually exhale slowly through your nose. When you&#xA;  raise your head to breathe, do it quickly between strokes. This may&#xA;  feel odd in the beginning, but with practice you will become&#xA;  accustomed to this type of breathing. The pressure of the air that you&#xA;  exhale prevents water from entering your nose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allergies:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Both chlorine and bromine are gases in the halogen family of&#xA;  chemicals. Both chemicals are used to sanitize water. Chlorine is less&#xA;  expensive and is often used in public pools. Unlike bromine, chlorine&#xA;  can tolerate sunlight and is most often used in outdoor facilities.&#xA;  Bromine is used for hot tubs and spas because it is easily destroyed&#xA;  by sunlight. Bromine does not have the chemical smell of chlorine,&#xA;  which acts as irritant that can result in nasal congestion. Both&#xA;  chemicals can cause respiratory and skin reactions. They are absorbed&#xA;  through your skin, so showering off as soon as you can after leaving&#xA;  the pool is important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infections:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Inhaled water that lodges in your sinus cavities can cause irritation&#xA;  and infection. This condition is known as sinusitis and nasal&#xA;  congestion is one of the first symptoms. You are more likely to get an&#xA;  infection from ocean or lake water because it is not sanitized and is&#xA;  filled with living organisms. If your nasal congestion is accompanied&#xA;  by headache, body aches and fever, see your health care provider for&#xA;  proper treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T16:18:00.537" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T16:18:00.537" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3889" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-24T14:47:43.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ATP is governing body of mens' tennis. It overseas the ATP Tour which includes the 4 grand slams, ATP Finals, Master 1000/500/250 events, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T20:15:45.233" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T20:15:45.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3890" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-24T14:47:43.413" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T14:47:43.413" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T14:47:43.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3891" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-24T14:48:18.933" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;WTA is governing body of womens' tennis. It overseas the WTA Tour which includes the 4 grand slams, ATP Finals, Master 1000/500/250 events, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T20:16:32.680" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T20:16:32.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3892" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-24T14:48:18.933" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Women's Tennis Association (WTA)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-24T14:48:18.933" LastActivityDate="2014-01-24T14:48:18.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4329" CreationDate="2014-01-24T14:57:45.480" Score="6" ViewCount="1053" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the 2013 NFC Championship game, sports reporter Erin Andrews interviewed Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000315484/article/richard-sherman-im-the-best-corner-in-the-game&quot;&gt;Sherman was enthusiastic&lt;/a&gt; to say the least, and has led to media controversy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard that there is a rule in place in the NFL such that media can only approach players after a certain amount of time has passed after the game. Moreover, players could be fined for not participating in media sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the proper etiquette when a sports reporter interviews a player after a game?&lt;/strong&gt; Although my focus is on the NFL, I am also interested in hearing about how other sports deal with media in this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T14:57:47.953" Title="What is the proper etiquette when a sports reporter interviews a player after a game?" Tags="|nfl|media|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2014-01-25T20:24:16.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did a personal study on to use a HRM to get you the optimal race performance for any race for the 1 mile up to marathon. There are 3-4 phases your HR goes through during the race. There is an initial phase which lasts about 1-2 mins, transitional phase which can last between 2 and 10 mins (depending on the distance), and a Final stage. I have calculated these for me as well as other racers, and they work like a charm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2207" LastActivityDate="2014-01-25T20:24:16.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-26T07:38:37.623" Score="20" ViewCount="143459" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball, when is it considered &quot;reaching over the net&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my team serves, and the other team passes it close to the net, and I am front row. Can I reach over and kill it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about if just the slight edge of the ball crosses the plane but I kill it by reaching my hand over and touch the top part of the ball that hasn't crossed the plane yet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to read the FIVB rules and the USA Volleyball rules and I see nothing about the ball barely crossing the plane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2209" LastEditorUserId="2209" LastEditDate="2014-01-26T16:41:29.493" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T05:30:12.133" Title="In volleyball when is it considered &quot;Reaching over the net&quot;?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3898" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-26T07:43:55.270" Score="12" ViewCount="22171" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball, if the other team pass, set, hits it over to me and I kick it and then it hits my chest, but it's only one action/motion, would that count as a double hit fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about if the other team attacks it, I go to set set it, and it slips through my fingers and bounces off my head - is that only one action on my part?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2209" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-11-27T19:02:49.450" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T19:02:49.450" Title="What determines a double hit in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3901" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3902" CreationDate="2014-01-27T03:12:04.713" Score="17" ViewCount="8042" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am watching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9A1FvPj8Nc&quot;&gt;2012 Men's Table Tennis championship&lt;/a&gt; between Timo Boll (DEU.) and Ma Long (CHN.). I've never really watched a professional table tennis game, and one thing that I am seeing these two players do quite frequently is rub the inside of their hand on the table throughout times in the match. At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&amp;amp;v=K9A1FvPj8Nc#t=925&quot;&gt;15:28&lt;/a&gt; mark in the video -- after an incredible rally -- both players partake in this practice. There are several instances before this point in the game, and presumably after as well, that they rub their hand near the net. In each instance &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; players have done it - close to simultaneously. I don't know if it has anything to do with &quot;being ready&quot;, but it reminds me of in Soccer/Hockey when the referee has each keeper raise their hand to signal that they are ready to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why do these players rub their hands on the table near the net throughout this match of table tennis? Is this related to a rule of any sort? Or is it more of a habit that professional table tennis players have adopted?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T02:38:09.817" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T02:38:09.817" Title="Why do these players rub their hands on the table near the net?" Tags="|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3901" CreationDate="2014-01-27T08:38:10.383" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional play - there are rules about how many points (6) must be played in between towel breaks (to wipe off sweat and what not). The &quot;hand rub&quot; is one tactic or ritual used to wipe a sweaty hand off on the table - usually up near the net on a part of the table the ball is not likely to come in contact with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't necessarily mean their hand is sweaty though. Some players do it to keep themselves in a rhythm, and do it just as a mental tick or something to keep them focused. Sometimes you'll also see them do it near the baseline of the table if some of the rubber nubs from their paddle have fallen onto the table during play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is definitely not something &quot;required&quot; by any means, rather just something that some players do out of habit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T08:38:10.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3903" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4128" CreationDate="2014-01-27T10:31:02.927" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just reading a breakdown of the Neymar transfer and it all seems very suspect and complicated especially considering how &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/23/sandro-rosell-resigns-barcelona-president-neymar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rossell has now resigned&lt;/a&gt;. Does anyone know what sanctions can now be brought against Rossell or any of the other parties involved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-08-22T13:38:38.103" LastActivityDate="2017-08-22T13:38:38.103" Title="Sanctions regarding Neymar transfer from Santos to Barcelona" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3904" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-27T13:03:29.147" Score="12" ViewCount="3220" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sports put forward tall players. I know that everybody can play any sport, but I've noticed that in professional teams (basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, ...) there is a tendency to see tall people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's maybe due to advantages that high sizing can provide. It's depending of each sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So I would like to know if there is some sports for which the fact to be smaller than his adversary can be a distinct advantage?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2212" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T16:01:17.923" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T16:01:17.923" Title="Are there sports in which being smaller than your adversary can be a distinct advantage?" Tags="|technique|international-sports|" AnswerCount="12" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-01-27T13:13:57.247" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So I would like to know if there is some sports for which the fact to be smaller than his adversary can be a distinct advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes they do exist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But here's one example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In horse racing, having a smaller and lighter rider is more advantageous.&#xA;It lets the horse sprint faster because there's less weight on its back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mSF6W.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jockey&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: taken of wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T11:53:26.823" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T11:53:26.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-01-27T14:47:26.757" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gymnasts are also usually quite small, there is actually some debate over whether gymnastics can affect growth (but I don't think there is much evidence behind this). &#xA;According to this website American gold medalist Gabrielle Douglas is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;four feet, eleven inches, and 90 pounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boston.com/sports/blogs/statsdriven/2012/08/the_bodies_of_champion_gymnast.html&quot;&gt;http://www.boston.com/sports/blogs/statsdriven/2012/08/the_bodies_of_champion_gymnast.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also height isn't always an advantage in soccer, just look at the average height of the Barcelona team (Messi, Xavi, Iniesta, Pedro etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T14:58:24.517" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T14:58:24.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3907" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-27T15:09:08.467" Score="5" ViewCount="1629" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching the Winter X-Games during snowboard superpipe, there was a scoring mechanism that wasn't clear to me. Looking into it, Shaun White had &lt;a href=&quot;http://xgames.espn.go.com/snowboarding/article/8870328/x-games-aspen-shaun-white-wins-men-snowboard-superpipe-final&quot;&gt;won the event six years in-a-row&lt;/a&gt;, and had a &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/action/xgames/winter/2012/results?eventId=1012&quot;&gt;perfect score of 100.00&lt;/a&gt; in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I had gathered, scoring seems to depend on difficulty of tricks, speed, height of jumps, and execution (landing tricks cleanly, etc.) among a few things. Outside of the occasional judge/commentator expressing how one can improve his next run, not much was elaborated on the scoring mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How are snowboard superpipe results calculated?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extra: Do these calculations apply to other Winter X-Games events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T12:27:53.580" Title="How are snowboard superpipe results calculated?" Tags="|scoring|snowboarding|x-games|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3908" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3909" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" Score="0" Body="Questions about the X-Games, an extreme sports event hosted by ESPN." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T15:11:38.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4195" CreationDate="2014-01-27T16:03:15.363" Score="2" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2014 Farmers Insurance Open, Tiger Woods finished with a result of &quot;MDF&quot; or &quot;made cut, did not finish.&quot; This is the first time in his career he has had a MDF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A missed cut (MC) is the result when a player finishes outside the top-70 and ties after the second round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When more than 78 players advance into the third round, a MDF is the result when a player finishes outside the top-70 and ties after the third round. This is also known as a &quot;54-hole cut.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfchannel.com/news/doug-ferguson/woodland-leads-spieth-woods-has-first-career-mdf/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does &quot;made cut, did not finish&quot; also count as a &quot;missed cut?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T18:36:32.400" Title="Does &quot;made cut, did not finish&quot; also count as a &quot;missed cut?&quot;" Tags="|terminology|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3911" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3912" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" Score="0" Body="Questions about the PGA TOUR, the organizer of main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America. Not to be confused with PGA, or Professional Golfers' Association of America." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T16:05:15.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3915" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-27T23:19:10.340" Score="5" ViewCount="11247" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, a scheduled ODI 50 overs match has been reduced to 10 overs or 15 overs due to rain, and a bowler takes a hat trick in those reduced overs. Will that record or any other made or achieved such a record will go on to the record books or not?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my basic question remains, how many minimum overs are required for a one day match to be recorded as a full one day international match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2217" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T20:47:24.363" LastActivityDate="2017-08-12T09:25:52.960" Title="What number of minimum overs bowled makes an ODI cricket match goes in record books?" Tags="|rules|cricket|statistics|interruption|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3915" CreationDate="2014-01-27T23:53:48.383" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;20 overs per side for an ODI match,  6 overs per side for a T20 match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2219" LastEditorUserId="2219" LastEditDate="2014-01-27T23:59:40.507" LastActivityDate="2014-01-27T23:59:40.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3741" CreationDate="2014-01-28T01:44:26.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, until the ball bounces twice on the floor, it is still in play - with the obvious exceptions like when the ball hits a player or goes out of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the scenario you're specifically referring to is when your opponent hits a hard, high shot off the front wall that then hits the back wall, bounces once on the ground and makes it all the way back to the front wall again before the second bounce. In this case, yes, you can still hit the ball as it rebounds off the front wall but before it hits the ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the 2013 USAR rulebook Rule 3.13 paragraph (e): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(e) Return Attempts. The ball remains in play until it touches the floor a second time; regardless of how many walls it makes contact with – including the front wall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T01:44:26.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2411" CreationDate="2014-01-28T02:18:40.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, unless racquetballs are in sealed, unopened, canisters, then all of the balls you buy will go flat together over time - especially if it will take you a year to go through them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While racquetball ball freshness is important in competitive play, as a new player learning how to play, ball freshness is much less critical. If you play with a variety of players or there are a lot of players at your club, you'll likely also find that balls get swapped around frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can afford to use new balls often, then it is optimal to always have a fresh, unopened can handy, but you can usually get quite a bit of play out of a ball while you're learning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good rule of thumb when comparing balls is to hold two balls in your hand and drop them at the same time. Play with which ever bounces higher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For anyone interested, the 2013 USAR rulebook describes the official characteristics of a racquetball as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The standard racquetball shall be 2 1/4 inches in diameter; weigh approximately 1.4 ounces; have a hardness of 55-60 inches durometer; and bounce 68-72 inches from a 100-inch drop at a temperature of 70-74 degrees&#xA;Fahrenheit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T02:18:40.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3915" CreationDate="2014-01-28T04:37:22.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toss_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Toss (cricket) - Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If the match is abandoned at any time &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the toss, it stands as a match played and enters official statistical records.&lt;/strong&gt; If a match is abandoned before the toss, it is not considered to have been played at all, and does not count for records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in cricket once the coin is tossed, the match is considered as a match played and enters official statistics. So if the match is abandoned after few overs say 10 or 15 it goes to official records. And there is no minimum overs requires to enter official statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a match to be considered as a completed match (unlike draw), each team must face 20 overs in One Day matches and 5 overs in Twenty20 matches before D/L method decide the result.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Application&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Duckworth-Lewis method - Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T04:42:30.473" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T04:42:30.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3920" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-28T05:02:29.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A match can be interrupted for many reasons. E.g. rain, bad light, disturbance in the crowd etc in many sports. Use this tag along with the specific sport's tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:38:19.853" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:38:19.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3921" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-28T05:02:29.613" Score="0" Body="Questions about interruption in the match. This tag should always be combined with a tag for the specific sport." OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T05:38:26.273" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:38:26.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3818" CreationDate="2014-01-28T05:20:09.117" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;8-Ball is a very popular game worldwide.  However, as you noted in your question, there are competing sets of rules.  Unlike other sports, there is no single authority for pool that sets the rules for this game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Pool-Billiard Association&lt;/a&gt; (WPA) is probably the most geographically widespread of the tournament organizations.  The Association is made up of 6 regional confederations around the world. (The Billiard Congress of America (BCA) is one of these 6 confederations.)  The WPA is a member of the World Confederation of Billiard Sports, which is representing cue sports to the International Olympic Committee in an attempt at inclusion in the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The WPA publishes &lt;a href=&quot;http://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Rules of Play&lt;/a&gt; for various games, including &lt;a href=&quot;http://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/#eight-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8-Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poolplayers.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;American Poolplayers Association&lt;/a&gt; (APA) claims to be the world's largest pool league, in terms of number of members.  In addition to the United States, they have affiliates in Canada and Japan.  They publish an &lt;a href=&quot;http://media.poolplayers.com/TMRB/Rules-Booklet-English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8-Ball &amp;amp; 9-Ball Game Rules Booklet (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;, which is available for free online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://vnea.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valley National 8-Ball League Association&lt;/a&gt; (VNEA) is another large, international league with their own &lt;a href=&quot;http://vnea.com/8-ball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules for 8-Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to these, lots of individual venues have their own rules of play, used for informal games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of these organizations has international tournaments, and professionals will play by the rules of whichever tournament they are participating in.  However, if you are looking for one, canonical set of rules for 8-Ball that is recognized by everyone worldwide, that does not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T13:19:29.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3859" CreationDate="2014-01-28T05:23:25.553" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They might have considered all the conditions. But still I personally don't think its logical especially when a batsman like MSD is playing at the crease. And how could they judge a batsman(Binny)'s ability who hasn't played a match at all in the today's match with a mathematical formula? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be closer to the actual results in many cases, but still Mathematics can't be applied on everything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2221" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T05:23:25.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3792" CreationDate="2014-01-28T06:49:38.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Ranji Trophy is India's domestic cricket competition played between teams representing REGIONAL cricket associations. &#xA;At the time of its inception in 1934, the current notion of states did not exist. Instead India comprised of various provinces and kingdoms, some of which took part in the Ranji Trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While many of those teams still play in today's Ranji Trophy (Mumbai, formerly Bombay), some of them have evolved (Tamil Nadu, formerly Madras) while some do not feature anymore(like Sind, Southern Punjab etc)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T06:49:38.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-01-28T07:09:08.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a match at Sialkot(India's tour of Pakistan 1984-85), Pakistan had put India in to bat after winning the toss. India was cruising at 210/3 after 40 overs with Dilip Vengsarkar well-set on 94*. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match was then abandoned following news of the &lt;strong&gt;assasination of India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match scorecard is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64240.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T07:09:08.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-01-28T13:32:56.007" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket being short may not help you in selection in the team. But if a player is a batsman, he may get some advantages in batting. (or disadvantages for tall players do not apply)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tall players have to bend more than short players while batting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bowlers have to bowl under their shoulders otherwise it will considered a No ball (after two bouncers). So they have to shorten their length.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can play yorker length ball better than tall players because normally short players have high &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlift&quot;&gt;backlift&lt;/a&gt; and tall players have to keep the bat lower while playing the shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you are a bowler (specially fast bowler), being a taller is an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T13:32:56.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3897" CreationDate="2014-01-28T17:53:24.953" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The important thing is, if the ball is completely on the opponent's side of the field, or if it is partially in your field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation 1) The ball is in your field (only the slighest fraction is enough): You are allowed to kill it. It also does not matter if your hand is over the other side of the field during this action (which is most likely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation 2) The ball is entirely on the opponent's side: In this situation, the only allowed action is a block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A block is preventing a ball from crossing the net. So if the opponent team has already had its 3 actions (reception/setting/attack) there is not much to discuss - you are allowed to kill if it goes towards your side of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the other team has an action left, you are not allowed to interfere with that. So if the setting is very close to the net you are not allowed to touch the ball until it is partially over the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(On the other hand, if the reception crosses the net, the setter is not allowed to &quot;get&quot; the ball back as soon as it has crossed the net entirely)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T13:48:58.377" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T13:48:58.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3898" CreationDate="2014-01-28T18:02:05.803" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technical judgement for setting is quite strict. So if the ball slips through your fingers and touches your head it is definitely a double hit. Even if it does not touch your head, the slipping might be enough to be a technical fault (depending on your level/league and the judgement of the referee)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defense actions are not judged that strict. If the attack is a hard(!) hit it is allowed to touch the ball with two parts of the body (such as in your case foot and chest). However this counts as two actions for your team. So the next player has to hit the ball back over the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The reason behind this rule is to allow for spectacular defense actions. If you keep the ball &quot;alive&quot; after a hard hit, this is what motivates players and what the fans want to see.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-10-02T19:49:46.613" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T19:49:46.613" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3809" CreationDate="2014-01-28T21:03:20.973" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is called a Three Wall Violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand this rule, you need to understand the Passing rule.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.table-soccer.org/rules/documents/ITSFRulesEnglish.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Table Soccer Federation Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; covers passing in Rule 23:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;23.1 A ball which is advanced from a pinned or stopped position on the five-man rod cannot be directly caught on the three-man rod of the same team regardless of whether or not the ball is touched by the opposing five-rod. The ball must touch at least two player figures prior to advancing to legally be caught on the three-man rod. A pinned ball is one that is pinned to the wall or playfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, this means that you cannot pin (stop) the ball at your five-man rod, then pass it to your three-man rod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get around this, if you have the ball stopped on your five-rod, you can either pass the ball back to your defense, or you can bounce the ball off the wall before advancing it.  However, you can't keep bouncing the ball off the wall over and over.  Rule 23.2 covers this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;23.2 A player cannot make the ball strike the side walls of the table (or the side strips if present) more than twice before passing or shooting from the five-man rod. Regardless of which wall the ball touches, a total of two times is all that is allowed prior to advancing the ball. If the ball goes to the wall a third time, it may not be struck again by any player figure on the passing rod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You get two bounces.  The third consecutive time the ball goes from your five-rod to the wall (or side strips), you are not allowed to touch the ball with your five-rod again until it hits another man first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The penalty for a Three Wall Violation is a loss of ball.  The other team gets to serve the ball from their five-man rod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T21:03:20.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3930" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-28T21:08:56.177" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T21:08:56.177" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T21:08:56.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3931" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-28T21:08:56.177" Score="0" Body="A table-top sport also called table football or table soccer." OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T21:28:06.027" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T21:28:06.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3933" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-29T05:29:43.450" Score="4" ViewCount="1487" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that in the first innings the predicted score and in the second innings the predicted winning percentage will be calculated in the WASP. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is only one formula for calculating both score and percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;V(b,w) =r(b,w) +p(b,w) V(b+1,w+1) +(1-p(b,w)))V(b+1,w)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this one formula enough to get two results?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is not related to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3859/does-the-wasp-calculation-in-cricket-logically-correct&quot;&gt;previous one&lt;/a&gt;. I’m not asking about logical explanation here; I just want to know, what is the change that they do in the formula to get the percentage for the second innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Providing an example is a great thing for this type of question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T05:51:10.817" Title="How is the WASP calculated in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3237" CreationDate="2014-01-29T10:12:13.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player eligibility rules, while not set in stone, are based on avoiding any contractual conflicts between various parties connected to the CLT20. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All participating players, nearly irrespective of their club, typically have to submit a NOC(No-Objection Certificate) from their home cricket board. This certificate grants the CLT20 to utilize the services of the players for the specified period. Since many players playing in the CLT20 are centrally contracted players of various countries, this is a necessity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next up, in the case of a clash between a player qualifying as a part of two franchises, the conflict is resolved in accordance to the below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Champions League rules also state that if a cricketer is a part of&#xA;  two qualifying teams, and does not play for the team from his home&#xA;  country in the tournament, the team he represents must pay his home&#xA;  side $150,000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there is a ruling regarding adding players who haven't played in the IPL to an IPL team for the CLT20, but I can't seem to remember anything regarding that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T10:12:13.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3599" CreationDate="2014-01-29T10:25:09.903" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The practice of introducing new soccer balls every year is almost entirely driven by commercial interests (notwithstanding the heritage and memorability reasons).&#xA;FIFA and the World Cup's organizing bodies enter into numerous sponsorship deals(such as Official Beverage etc) and the Official World Cup Ball is just one of the bigger deals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every new ball brings with it a new set of variables such as speed, swerve and consistency that take getting used. So, going by purely the interest of the game, a new ball every World Cup is extremely detrimental to the players and the teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with FIFA raking in millions of dollars with the sale of the Official Ball rights, this is a healthy win-win practice that shall continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No figure has been put on the value of the deal, though the last&#xA;  adidas deal for the 2010 and 2014 World Cup tournaments was reckoned&#xA;  to be worth $350 million.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more on this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insideworldfootball.com/fifa/13660-adidas-fifa-deal-will-push-them-to-60-year-partnership-and-no-sign-of-retirement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adidas gets humongous amounts of branding, media coverage and sales thanks to the introduction of the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The World Cup soccer ball is a huge piece of business for adidas. In&#xA;  the last World Cup, the company sold some 13 million balls worldwide,&#xA;  including miniballs and replicas. The brazuca’s $160 match ball also&#xA;  comes in a miniball and replica versions starting at $13. But even at&#xA;  an average price of say, $50, that’s a $650 million business for&#xA;  Adidas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more: &lt;a href=&quot;http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2013/12/03/adidas-releases-soccer-ball-worth-a-half-billion-dollars/#ixzz2rmW8BhUI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Brazuca: Adidas Releases Its 2014 World Cup Ball | TIME.com&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T10:25:09.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3859" CreationDate="2014-01-29T10:41:22.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any number of new metrics can be introduced to predict the winning percentages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A very basic metric would be to use the extrapolation of the current run-rate of the chasing team to determine the winning percentage.&#xA;Another metric would be to calculate the current form(average of the batsmen-to-come over the past N games(or N months)) and use it to find a projected score. Based on this, one could probably calculate another winning percentage metric. We could add more variables to the mix, such as bowling strike rate, batting strike rate, average score at that stadium, average score by that team in that particular country, and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if I added a few more variables to WASP account for a person's form, it would still be incomplete, since it doesn't account for his overseas form/home form, pitch conditions, his mental state and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The point is that at the end of the day, WASP is just yet another metric to make a guess of the probable winning percentage and that there can be no all-encompassing metric.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T10:41:22.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2014-01-29T11:25:03.830" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official rules (as you cite in your question) prohibit screening. Unfortunately the rules themselves do not give an exact definition that you could use. In referee trainings, however, you will get more info on how to judge screening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Everything that helps the serving team to prepare for defense is allowed. So each player of that team can take any position on the field (within the constraints of the rotation rule) which &quot;makes sense&quot;. Therefore the front players are allowed to group near the attacker(s) and raise their arms as preparation for blocking. Also the back row players are allowed to take reasonable positions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is definitely not allowed is to move during your own player serves in order to block the sight. (It is not allowed to leave a line of sight between reception player and serving player and then &quot;closing&quot; it shorty before the service is hit.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is also not allowed to take &quot;unreasonable&quot; positions in the field. I.e. a back row player is not allowed to stand directly in front of the serving player, if he normally would take another position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, I have never seen a referee penalizing a screening fault without the receiving team claiming it first. So, as a best-practice, take &quot;reasonable&quot; positions to block the sight between service and reception player. As soon as the opponent team claims a screening, take care that you are not overdoing it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="2225" LastEditDate="2014-01-29T16:22:02.533" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T16:22:02.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3938" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3939" CreationDate="2014-01-30T05:04:43.523" Score="13" ViewCount="1759" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has anyone ever won Olympic medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T05:50:40.310" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T20:32:41.860" Title="Olympic medalist in both the Summer and Winter Olympics" Tags="|history|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3938" CreationDate="2014-01-30T05:38:17.200" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are six people that have won medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillis_Grafstr%C3%B6m&quot;&gt;Gillis Grafström&lt;/a&gt; of Sweden is the most successful figure skater in Olympic history, having won 3 gold medals and 1 silver medal in 1920-1932.  However, he is only on this list because in 1920, there was no Winter Olympics, and figure skating was an event in the Summer Games.  The first Winter Games was in 1924, where he got his second gold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Eagan&quot;&gt;Eddie Eagan&lt;/a&gt; was an American gold medalist in boxing in 1920.  He failed to medal in 1924, but in 1932 he was a member of the bobsleigh team which took gold, making him the first person to win a medal in Summer and Winter for different events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Tullin_Thams&quot;&gt;Jacob Tullin Thams&lt;/a&gt; of Norway won the first Olympic gold medal for ski jumping in 1924.  In 1936, he was on the sailing team that won silver in the 8-metre class.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa_Luding&quot;&gt;Christa Luding&lt;/a&gt; of Germany is a speed skater and cyclist.  She won medals in skating from 1984-1992, and in 1988 with her silver medal in track cycling became the only person to win a medal in the Winter and Summer Games in the same year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Hughes&quot;&gt;Clara Hughes&lt;/a&gt; of Canada is also a cyclist and speed skater.  She won two bronze medals for cycling in 1996, and won four medals for skating between 2002-2010.  She has the distinction of being the only person to have won multiple medals in both the Summer and Winter Games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauryn_Williams&quot;&gt;Lauryn Williams&lt;/a&gt; of the USA won a silver medal at Athens 2004 and gold in London 2012 as a sprinter.  This year at Sochi 2014, she won silver in bobsleigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-20T04:26:54.437" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T04:26:54.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3949" CreationDate="2014-01-30T09:52:40.507" Score="5" ViewCount="844" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have the two events ever been simultaneous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastEditorUserId="1110" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T17:05:57.393" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T20:54:21.920" Title="Has the Super Bowl ever been played on the opening day of the Olympics?" Tags="|american-football|history|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2108" CreationDate="2014-01-30T10:22:34.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Our team has been playing 7v7 for a few years now and we use a kind of 2-1-2-1 formation.  This formation is heavily dependent on strong communication between the left and right backs.  The left and right backs obviously have the most defensive responsibility.  If the opposition tends to send a third attacker in a more forward position, the CDM has more defensive responsibilities, and it can almost turn into a 3-2-1.  If not, he's higher up the pitch, checking back to LB and RB as a passing option out of the back.  LW and RW have to work hard.  We tend to have a big forward up top who is a very good hold-up player but lacks speed.  In that scenario, you need streaking players out wide who can play off the forward.  The forward gets his goals on crosses and tap-ins, while the wide players score on give-and-gos and by creating chances on their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a forward who tends to play less with his back to the goal, you can rely less on the runs of both the wingers.  Another variable is whether you're more of a long-ball team or a tiki taka team.  Playing long-ball with a forward who can physically overwhelm a defender is helpful, especially when you have one winger that is supporting him with an option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not very common for our backs to make runs the length of the pitch.  Frankly, it would be nice if our players could do that, but we're getting on in age and the ability to recover isn't there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2232" LastActivityDate="2014-01-30T10:22:34.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3942" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3974" CreationDate="2014-01-30T10:49:25.903" Score="4" ViewCount="8896" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can a country be eligible to participate in any sport in the Olympics? Do they have to play any qualifying rounds? Or they can be eligible by its ranking (if applicable)? Or is there any other way to be eligible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-01T14:31:59.503" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T11:40:58.953" Title="How can a country be eligible to participate in any sport in the Olympics?" Tags="|rules|olympics|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3943" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3950" CreationDate="2014-01-30T10:54:29.873" Score="7" ViewCount="3605" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which countries can participate in the Olympic games? Not to participate in a particular sport (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3942/540&quot;&gt;this question asks&lt;/a&gt;) but to participate in the Olympics at all. Is there any criteria for a country to participate in the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T21:32:46.037" Title="Which countries can participate in the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3897" CreationDate="2014-01-30T10:58:37.227" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are only two (different) actions when you are permitted to reach beyond (over) the net: &lt;em&gt;blocking&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;attack hit&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After making an attack hit, you are allowed to pass your hand beyond the net, but &lt;em&gt;the contact must have been made within your own playing space&lt;/em&gt;. I.e. you are &lt;em&gt;not allowed&lt;/em&gt; to touch the ball beyond the net in this case. (Obviously, for this to be possible, the ball must be at least with a tiny portion above your side of the field, so that you are able to touch it there. However, this is a &lt;em&gt;necessary&lt;/em&gt;, not a &lt;em&gt;sufficient&lt;/em&gt; condition: If you touch the ball above the opponents field, it is a fault, even though a part of the ball was in your playing space.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;After the opposite team made its attack hit&lt;/em&gt;, you are allowed to block it, whatever the position of the ball (and your contact with it) is, i.e. you may reach beyond the net, and touch the ball there.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the opposite team plays the ball near the net, but still on their side, and this was not their third hit, it depends: You &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be allowed to block this by touching the ball beyond the net, &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt;:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball is moving &lt;em&gt;in the direction of your court&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;And no player of the opponent could&lt;/em&gt; possibly (per the referee’s opinion) &lt;em&gt;reach the ball&lt;/em&gt; (you are not allowed to touch the ball beyond the net if it would interfere with the opponent’s play before or during their attack hit).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, you are allowed “to kill” their pass &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;You touch the ball within your own playing space&lt;/em&gt;, after the ball crosses partially over the net.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or the ball is moving in the direction of your court (i.e. &lt;em&gt;it is not going parallel to the net&lt;/em&gt;, not to say away from it), &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; no player of the opponent is able to play the ball (or this was their third attack hit).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for the most common case: &lt;strong&gt;No, you are not allowed to touch the ball beyond the net to stop an oponents’ pass which is going parallel to the net.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules2013-EN_V08_20130516.pdf&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013–2016&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(11.1.1) In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that&#xA;  he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play before or during the&#xA;  latter's attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(11.1.2) After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond&#xA;  the net, provided that the contact has been made within his/her own&#xA;  playing space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(14.1.1) Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball&#xA;  coming from the opponent […]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.3 BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT’S SPACE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the&#xA;  net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s&#xA;  play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an&#xA;  opponent has executed an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_VB_Casebook_2013_v4.pdf&quot;&gt;FIVB Rules of the Game Casebook – 2013 Edition&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.32&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On a second hit, a player passed the ball near the net towards the opponent’s court. The ball did not penetrate the vertical plane of the net. In the 1st referee's opinion, no player of ‘A’ could possibly reach the ball. The blocker of ‘B’ reached across the plane of the net and blocked the ball. What is the correct decision of the 1st referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ruling&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Even though it was only the second team hit, if the ball is moving in the direction to the opponent's court, it is an attack hit. Because, in the referee's opinion, no player of ‘A’ could possibly have reached the ball, the block of ‘B’ was legal. (Rules 13.1.1, 14.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.36&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player reached over the net to block the second hit of the opponent’s setter. The 1st referee did not blow his whistle. Is it legal for the blocker to reach over the net to block an opponent's “setting” action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ruling&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is absolutely necessary for the 1st referee to determine the action of the setter. He/She must know whether the set was made parallel to the net or was going towards the net, thus making it an attack hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the first case, the blocker would be at fault because the ball was not &quot;coming from the opponent&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the second case, the set was &quot;coming from the opponent&quot; and should therefore be considered to be an attack hit which may be blocked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to Rule 14.3, it is not a fault to block an attack hit beyond the net. It is important for the referee to be able to differentiate between a &quot;set&quot; and an attack using an overhand pass. (Rules 14.1.1, 14.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.40&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player passed the received ball so, that it would have crossed the net if not touched by another player of the same team. The setter was in position to make a legal play on the ball. The opponent’s blocker reached across the vertical plane of the net and blocked the ball before the setter could play it. The 1st referee called a fault on the block. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is this a correct decision of 1st referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ruling&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 1st referee’s decision was correct, and the block was illegal. Blockers may not contact the ball across the net until the attack hit is executed, except when in the judgment of the 1st referee, no possibility exists for further play of the ball by the attacking team. (Rule 14.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2014-01-30T10:58:37.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3945" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-30T11:05:51.620" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T14:32:17.563" LastActivityDate="2014-01-30T14:32:17.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3946" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-30T11:05:51.620" Score="0" Body="Questions about participation in a sport or event. This tag should always be combined with a tag for the specific sport/event." OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-30T14:32:17.563" LastActivityDate="2014-01-30T14:32:17.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3947" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3958" CreationDate="2014-01-30T11:49:57.573" Score="5" ViewCount="485" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard that sports that use motorized equipment cannot participate in the Olympics, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One&quot;&gt;Formula One&lt;/a&gt;. Is it true or just rumor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am talking about those equipments which are used by players while playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is true, why do they not allow such sports to participate? If it is wrong, is there any sport that uses motorized equipment and has participated in the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T04:23:37.280" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T04:55:41.100" Title="Is it true that sports which use motorized equipment cannot participate in Olympics?" Tags="|equipment|olympics|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3940" CreationDate="2014-01-30T16:07:38.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this has never happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until 2002, the Super Bowl was always played in January, and the Winter Olympics almost always begins in February.  Now that the Super Bowl is played in February, the events are closer.  Since 2002, the Winter Olympic Opening Ceremonies has been scheduled for a Friday, and the Super Bowl is always scheduled for Sunday.  In addition, since both the Super Bowl and the Olympic Opening Ceremonies are worldwide television events, it is unlikely that they would ever schedule both events for the same day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year, with the Super Bowl on February 2, 2014, and the Sochi Opening Ceremonies taking place on February 7, the two events are as close as they have ever been, although they were just as close in 2002, when the two events occurred on February 3 and February 8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-01T06:17:30.067" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T06:17:30.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3943" CreationDate="2014-01-30T16:30:56.580" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In order for a country to send a team to the Olympics, the country needs a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Olympic Committee&lt;/a&gt; (NOC) that is recognized by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Olympic Committee&lt;/a&gt; (IOC).  There are over 200 recognized NOCs, and Wikipedia has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee#List_of_NOCs_by_recognition_date&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list of all the recognized NOCs&lt;/a&gt;, sorted by the date the NOCs formed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the current IOC rules, which were changed in 1996, new NOCs will only be recognized from nations that are recognized as an independent country by the United Nations.  However, before 1996, the IOC allowed NOCs from countries that were dependent territories of other nations, and these NOCs are allowed to continue.  Therefore, in the Olympics, you will see athletes from countries like Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Hong Kong, which are all territories of other nations.  Currently, there are only two UN recognized countries that do not yet have NOCs: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Vatican City&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Niue&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are unofficial NOCs that are not recognized by the IOC from various territories and groups of people, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee#Unrecognized_National_Olympic_Committees&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia lists some of those&lt;/a&gt;.  Some of these participate in the Paralympic games, but under the current rules they are not eligible for inclusion in the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T21:32:46.037" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T21:32:46.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3951" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3957" CreationDate="2014-01-30T17:26:59.640" Score="7" ViewCount="748" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Olympics, I know that athletes stay in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Village&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Village&lt;/a&gt; At the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing built an &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7527446.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Village&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the significance of Olympic Village? Couldn't athletes stay at local accommodations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T20:21:07.947" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T20:21:07.947" Title="What is the significance of the Olympic Village?" Tags="|history|olympics|venues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3952" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3954" CreationDate="2014-01-30T17:34:57.337" Score="4" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Living in the USA, NBC (and affiliated networks) has hosted Olympic coverage since I can remember (I think it was CBS at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why does NBC host Olympic coverage in the USA?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T14:32:51.627" Title="Why does NBC host Olympic coverage in the USA?" Tags="|olympics|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3953" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3966" CreationDate="2014-01-30T17:43:56.380" Score="7" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2012 Olympics in London, two athletes were expelled for offensive tweets on Twitter&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/a/201/527&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there social media guidelines for athletes in the Olympics?&lt;/strong&gt; If so, are these enforced by the IOC, international sport federations, or national teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T15:50:12.837" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T11:44:06.003" Title="Are there social media guidelines for athletes in the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3952" CreationDate="2014-01-31T00:04:46.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because they paid the most for the rights to show the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;proof?  &lt;a href=&quot;http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/nbc-holds-onto-olympics-through-2020-with-438-billion-bid.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from the June 7, 2011 LA Times:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NBC holds on to Olympics through 2020 with $4.3-billion bid June 7,&#xA;  2011 | 12:20 pm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is rare that the incumbent is the underdog, but that's what NBC was&#xA;  when it came to holding on to the U.S. television rights for the&#xA;  Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With rivals Walt Disney Co., owner of ESPN and ABC, and News Corp.,&#xA;  parent of Fox, expected to make aggressive bids for future games and&#xA;  the body language of NBC's new owner, Comcast Corp., indicating a&#xA;  wariness of big-ticket sports events that bleed red ink, the peacock&#xA;  network seemed to be far from a sure thing to remain the home of the&#xA;  Olympic flame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But when the smoke cleared in Lausanne, Switzerland, it was NBC that&#xA;  walked away with the rights to the Olympics through 2020. The price&#xA;  tag for the four games is $4.38 billion. The breakdown is as follows:&#xA;  The 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia, will cost $775 million. The&#xA;  2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro will cost $1.2 billion. The 2018&#xA;  Games will run $863 million, and the 2020 Games will cost $1.4&#xA;  billion. The locales for the 2018 and 2020 games have not been&#xA;  determined yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Comcast Chief Executive Brian Roberts, who traveled to Lausanne with&#xA;  the NBC team for the presentation and bid, said, &quot;I absolutely wanted&#xA;  to win for the team.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T14:32:51.627" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T14:32:51.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3951" CreationDate="2014-01-31T00:06:58.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There certainly is a convenience factor in having space for the athletes close to the facility, when local hotels are likely to be crammed full of spectators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also security considerations that favor a concentrated location that can be isolated from crowds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T00:06:58.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3956" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-31T04:16:02.777" Score="10" ViewCount="1067" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently been interested in learning about the different types of waxes for skis and snowboards, and after reading about the damage that has been done by fluorocarbon wax (and others), I'm hesitant to use wax from certain companies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some companies advertise their wax as being &quot;eco friendly.&quot; What are common ingredients for ski/snowboard wax that are not harmful to the environment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-07T12:42:12.523" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T14:51:37.323" Title="What are the ingredients in environmentally friendly ski/snowboard wax?" Tags="|equipment|maintenance|snowboarding|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3951" CreationDate="2014-01-31T04:40:11.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympic Village is a complex of accommodations used to house athletes, trainers, and officials during the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In early Olympic games, organizers had to rent rooms all over the host city to house athletes and trainers.  This was expensive and inconvenient.  In the 1924 Paris Summer games, some cabins were built near the Olympic Stadium, which they called the Olympic Village, to house some athletes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 1932 Summer Games in Los Angeles, a full Olympic Village was constructed, housing 1,836 male athletes. (The 126 female athletes stayed at a hotel.)  This first Olympic Village featured dining halls, a fire station, a hospital, a post office, a movie theater, and other amenities.  This Olympic Village has served as a model for the Olympics ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An article in the Los Angeles Times after the 1932 games reveals the concern some had about the Village:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Never,&quot; was the general opinion. &quot;You can't pen men of all nations together; men from countries, perhaps, who believe they have age-old hatreds; young men whose races, beliefs and ideals conflict.&quot; But Los Angeles did it. They were not penned, these men from all over the world; they were offered a beautiful home that became more than home to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the practical advantages in cost and transportation of having all the athletes housed together near the venues, the Olympic Village is seen as encouraging the Olympic Spirit, allowing athletes from around the world to spend time together away from the competition.  At the closing ceremonies in Sochi 2014, IOC president Thomas Bach said to the athletes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By living together under one roof in the Olympic Village you send a powerful message from Sochi to the world: that of a society of peace, tolerance and respect. I appeal to everybody implicated in confrontation, oppression, and violence to act on this Olympic message of dialogue and peace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different host cities have found different solutions for the Olympic Village.  Often new buildings are constructed, some intended as temporary buildings, others with plans for use after the games.  For some games, the organizers have chosen to utilize existing buildings (for example, university student housing) rather than build new buildings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the massacre at the 1972 Munich Games, security at the Olympic Village has been very tight.  Only athletes, trainers, officials, and guests with credentials are allowed in; the media is barred from the Village.  For many of the athletes, this is seen as another advantage to staying at the Village.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the bigger name athletes in recent times have chosen not to stay in the Olympic Village, choosing instead to make their own housing arrangements.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stockton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;John Stockton&lt;/a&gt;, who played in the 1992 American men's basketball team (the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dream Team&lt;/a&gt;), in choosing not to stay in the Village, said, &quot;We don't intend to make a whole lot of friends here. The Olympic spirit is beating people, not living with them.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Sochi 2014 Olympics, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/news/athletes-move-in-to-olympic-villages/222534&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;three different Olympic Villages&lt;/a&gt; have been constructed: the Coastal Olympic Village, for athletes competing in events at the Olympic Park; the Mountain Olympic Village, for alpine skiing and track events; and Endurance Village for cross-country skiing and the biathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_village&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: Olympic Village&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/history/the-first-ever-olympic-village-was-built-in-los-angeles.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KCET: The First-Ever Olympic Village&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-24T04:24:34.147" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T04:24:34.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3947" CreationDate="2014-01-31T04:55:41.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Motorsports are not currently part of the Olympics, although there is no rule banning them.  In fact, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1900 Olympics&lt;/a&gt; in Paris, automobile, motorcycle, and motorboat racing were demonstration events, and in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_motorsports_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1908 Games&lt;/a&gt; in London, there were three motorboat racing events as an official part of the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there haven't been any motorsports in the games since then.  IOC president Jacques Rogge, speaking specifically about Formula One, said in 2012,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Frankly speaking, the concept we are having is the games are about the competition for the athletes not for equipment. Therefore, while having a lot of respect, they will not be included into the Olympic program. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/racing/f1/story/_/id/8140549/ioc-president-jacques-rogge-rules-formula-one-olympic-sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, it is not likely that we will see motorsports in the Olympics in the near future, although there are a lot of motorsports drivers and fans that would like to see these events included in the Games once again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T04:55:41.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2014-01-31T07:16:18.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you've stated that you are at an intermediate level of riding, I would imagine that you have a style of riding that you prefer. Once you have decided what kind of riding you're going to do, remember that it's not just important to decide on what type of board you'll be riding, but the combination of boots and bindings as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:&lt;/em&gt; Different riders have different preferences and combinations and there are always exceptions to the rule, so bear this in mind when selecting a board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Shapes&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before I list the different types of riding available, you should be aware of the different shapes that snowboards come in. The shape of the board will have pros and cons to it, so be sure to lay the board down and get a good look at its shape before deciding. Here are the three most common types of shapes (&lt;em&gt;note:&lt;/em&gt; there are variations or these boards, so bear that in mind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Camber&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is when the center of the board is at an upward curve, leaving the ends of the board to touch the ground. The center of the board will only touch the ground when a rider is on top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Excellent stability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increased edgehold&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Great for carving&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Greater &quot;pop&quot; (spring from jumping)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Requires more effort to turn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Easier to catch an edge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Rocker&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also known as reverse-camber, this board is the opposite of a camber, with the center of the board touching the ground and the ends up the board pointed upward and away from the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Easier to turn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Easier to flex&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Floats well in powder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Less likely to catch an edge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Less stability (can &quot;wash out&quot; easier)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Less &quot;pop&quot; (spring from jumping)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Flat&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the name implies, this board is completely flat from the center to the ends (with only the tip and tail curved). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Decent edgehold&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Decent maneuverability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good transitioning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Excellent for rails&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The increased versatility sacrifices some stability and maneuverability&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some riders complain of a &quot;dead&quot; and/or &quot;damp&quot; feeling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Types of Riding&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that you have an idea of the different shapes that snowboards can come in, here are the different types of riding available and the appropriate board and gear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;All-Mountain&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is probably the most common type of riding because most riders like to try a bit of everything. It is great for riding in both backcountry and groomed runs. This type of riding is less specialized than the others, which also makes it a great type of riding for beginners. Once you are past the beginner stage, you can specialize your riding or stay with all-mountain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this type of riding, your best bet is to purchase a stiffer (but not too stiff) board. Stand the board up vertically and push downwards from the top to determine the board's stiffness/flexibility. Different boots have different stiffness level. You can turn faster with softer boots, but you will have to use more strength from your legs and feet to stay stable. Most will advocate that beginners start off with a stiffer boot, but suggest that advanced riders take on a softer and more flexible boot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Freestyle&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in performing tricks on the slopes and in the terrain park, then you will definitely want to purchase a shorter and more flexible board with twin tips. This will make it easier to absorb impacts from riding boxes, rails, etc. For increased control, I would recommend a lighter boot with a stiffer forward flex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:&lt;/em&gt; This is for the terrain park. If you want to ride on the half-pipe, make sure that you invest in a stiffer board. On the contrary, stiffer boards will not absorb impact in the terrain park.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Freeride&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you like riding on steep slopes, deep snow, and backcountry, make sure that you purchase a stiffer board, so that you can pull off decent carving with excellent stability. I would suggest a stiffer boot that is soft on the upper part to make your transitions easier on your shins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Racing&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in racing, there are specific narrower boards for racers with an emphasis on carving and speed. There are also plate bindings and hard plastic shells boots that differ from the typical gear you usually see in shops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To end off, if you want to find the best deals, visit the shops during the spring and summer months and see what gear they have available. Like one user has already said, be sure to ask for stock from last year. I paid sixty dollars for a pair of boots that were two years old (but had never been used). You'd be surprised at the deals you can find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T07:16:18.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-31T08:03:12.557" Score="-1" ViewCount="627" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the bowler get to bowl an extra ball in the over if he gets a hat trick? If I remember right, this used to be the practice/rule earlier, but probably not so now.&#xA;Thanks in advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2237" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T01:44:39.863" Title="Is the bowler awarded an extra ball for taking a hat trick?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3960" CreationDate="2014-01-31T09:44:33.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not at all !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A hattrick is just a fancy informal term to describe 3 wickets taken in 3 consecutive deliveries by a bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the bowler doesn't get any extra ball for a hattrick !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T09:44:33.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3960" CreationDate="2014-01-31T10:02:03.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Number of balls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball shall be bowled from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So only six legal balls are allowed to bowl in an over and no exception is given there. And why should he given extra ball to bowl? I can't see any logic here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: There is no any law for Hat-trick in Cricket laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T10:02:03.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2572" CreationDate="2014-01-31T10:03:10.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In contrast to a lot that has been said above, the heavy ball could possibly have a physical reason behind it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two balls, despite having the same 'bowling speed' and despite pitching at the same location could still rear up differently. Hence the two seemingly-identical balls bowled could still seem different to the batsman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, a heavy ball could be delivered by a tall bowler by releasing the ball from a higher height than normal. Also, by varying the ball release, seam position, release height and release distance, the bowler can extract more bounce from the pitch. This leads to the feeling of a 'heavy ball' to the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case in point is not a simple 2-D linear mechanics situation, but one that is complicated by the presence of different pitch restitutions (due to seam positions) and can hence have different apparent ball speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the basketball analogy, it is certainly incorrect for this case. While the height to which your centre of mass can travel is dictated by your jumping ability, you can indeed change your hangtime by moving your legs and hands. (Note that the height to which your centre of mass rises still remains the same)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good jumpers tend to use these small ideas to extend their hang time. Their body position also gives an onlooker the apparent notion of an extended hang time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T10:03:10.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3953" CreationDate="2014-01-31T11:44:06.003" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/social-media-and-internet-guidelines&quot;&gt;guidelines&lt;/a&gt; for social media which is enforced by the IOC. Basically they are encouraged to use social media to post or tweet photos etc as long as;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any such postings, blogs or tweets must be in a first-person,&#xA;  diary-type format&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also they can't use their social media to promote sponsorships or advertisements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This next quote is probably the most important and interesting part of it as it seems to be the downfall of most footballers when they tweet!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Postings, blogs and tweets should at all times conform to the Olympic&#xA;  spirit and fundamental principles of Olympism as contained in the&#xA;  Olympic Charter, be dignified and in good taste, and should not be&#xA;  discriminatory, offensive, hateful, defamatory or otherwise illegal&#xA;  and shall not contain vulgar or obscene words or images.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T11:44:06.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3986" CreationDate="2014-01-31T14:46:49.930" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;The budget for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia was originally $12 billion USD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, due to &quot;various factors,&quot; the amount spent is believed to be around $51 billion USD, which is the highest spent for an Olympics ever, previously held by Beijing in 2008 with $44 billion USD&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What factors contributed to Sochi 2014 being over-budget?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T15:42:24.300" Title="What factors contributed to Sochi 2014 being over-budget?" Tags="|finances|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3968" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3969" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" Score="0" Body="Questions about the 2014 Winter Olympic Games, officially the Games of the XXII Winter Olympiad, also known informally as Sochi 2014. " OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" LastActivityDate="2014-01-31T14:49:19.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3973" CreationDate="2014-01-31T16:00:53.003" Score="3" ViewCount="10447" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2014 NFL Draft, a record of 98 underclassmen have declared for the draft&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/draft2014/story/_/id/10318142/record-98-underclassmen-nfl-draft-pool&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the guidelines for declaring for the NFL Draft?&lt;/strong&gt; The NBA has a &quot;one year rule&quot; in that players are eligible for the NBA draft one year after attending high school&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eligibility_for_the_NBA_draft#Current_rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Is there a similar rule for the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:50:10.650" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:50:10.650" Title="What are the guidelines for declaring for the NFL Draft?" Tags="|rules|nfl|collegiate|participation|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3971" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3972" CreationDate="2014-01-31T18:21:23.907" Score="6" ViewCount="14355" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shortly after the beginning of the Olympics Opening Ceremony, the Parade of Athletes occurs where the athletes enter the stadium by country.  It usually seems to be alphabetical, but some countries are out of order.  How is it determined which order the teams are in when they enter the stadium?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-02-08T05:16:03.063" Title="In what order are the countries during the Olympics Opening Ceremony?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3971" CreationDate="2014-01-31T18:21:23.907" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Parade of Athletes, the first team to enter the stadium is always Greece, in honor of the fact that the Olympics has its origin in ancient Greece.  The last team in is the host country.  The rest of the teams enter the stadium in alphabetical order, according to the language of the host country.  This is why teams are in a different order in each Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2004, when the Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, the Greek flag bearer, weightlifter &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrros_Dimas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pyrros Dimas&lt;/a&gt;, entered the stadium first alone, &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/U6fU95w_zFs?t=45m46s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;leading the parade&lt;/a&gt;.  The rest of the Greek athletes entered as the last team in the parade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The International Olympic Committee has published a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;factsheet&lt;/a&gt; outlining the elements of the opening ceremony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-08T05:16:03.063" LastActivityDate="2014-02-08T05:16:03.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3970" CreationDate="2014-02-01T01:48:15.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL requires that three years pass between a player graduating from high school and declaring for the draft. While this can include a 'Redshirt' year in which a player does not play in competitive games but practices with a college team, so often players are draft eligible by their 'sophomore' year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read up on the rules in full &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nflregionalcombines.com/Docs/Eligibility%20rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here,&lt;/a&gt; however the three year cutoff is a bit buried in the legalese. You'll find a much more succinct summary of the eligibility guidelines as &lt;em&gt;actually applied&lt;/em&gt;, given the various ease of access to things like commisioners waivers on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_draft#Eligibility&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;relevant Wikipedia page.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="225" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-03T15:49:13.837" LastActivityDate="2014-02-03T15:49:13.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3942" CreationDate="2014-02-01T08:16:55.713" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Chapter 5, Part II of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Charter&lt;/a&gt; covers the rules regarding participation in the Olympic Games.  The actual details of the requirements for qualifying for the Olympics varies by sport, but the Charter discusses the general procedure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each country in the Olympics has their own National Olympic Committee (NOC) that is responsible for assembling the team from their country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each sport in the Olympics is governed by an International Federation (IF) that is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as governing that particular sport.  For example, athletics (track and field) is governed by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Association of Athletics Federations&lt;/a&gt;.  The IF typically has affiliated National Federations (NF) in each country.  These federations hold national and international competitions apart from the Olympics.  The NF makes recommendations to the NOC as to who should represent their country in the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NOC then approves or disapproves of the recommendations and submits the applications for these athletes to the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (OCOG) for the current Games.  The NOC can only submit applications for athletes that have been recommended by the NF.  If it is a small country that does not have an NF for a sport, the NOC can submit athletes with the approval of the IF and the OCOG, but the IF must approve the athletes before they will be allowed in the Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The OCOG and the IOC have the right to refuse any entry they want from the games, for any reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All participants have to agree to abide by the Olympic rules and the World Anti-Doping Code.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T08:16:55.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4328" CreationDate="2014-02-02T09:40:46.803" Score="6" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trampolining&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;trampolining&lt;/a&gt; and my problem is that I tend to close eyes during somersaults. It's not that I would fear highs (although I'm not very comfortable there) but I guess it's a bad habit I developed in other sport activities like while doing sit-ups or chin-ups. It comes to me as a some form of help when I can do no more - you know, tense whole body, clench teeth and close eyes. I hope I'm not the only one doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not much of a problem in case of basic somersaults becase I can feel and guess my position easily and open eyes in time for landing. However, in double somersaults, I get lost. Maybe it's just because I have not jumped so much of them yet and I could develop the orientation in some time, but still, it's a disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you overcome this obstacle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: In case you are not familiar with trampolining - it's not about doing one &quot;uber&quot; combo and land to a foam pit. One needs to jump ten different skills in a row.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-02T19:38:35.637" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T12:52:36.620" Title="Closing eyes during somersaults" Tags="|training|trampolining|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3979" CreationDate="2014-02-03T07:44:29.407" Score="3" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, there is a set of rules in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt; for using By-runners for batsmen. But, later &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/cricket/15135524&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Icc disallowed&lt;/a&gt; the runners from international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like this, is there any other things that Icc outlawed the laws of cricket in international matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you know just one, you can post it as an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastActivityDate="2014-02-03T10:26:02.390" Title="What are the things that Law of cricket permits but ICC Outlawed?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-02-11T04:25:50.090" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3978" CreationDate="2014-02-03T10:04:05.793" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One rule that comes to my mind is the 'Declaration Rule' for Limited Overs Internationals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the Laws of Cricket state that you can declare an innings in a match of any length(ie Test or ODI or T20), ICC prohibits it. All international matches are played in accordance respective 'ICC Playing Conditions' rulebook.&#xA;You can check out the Playing Conditions Books &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/38/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A brief list :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;ICC Test Matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Law 5.6 of the Laws of Cricket which makes specification about the ball does not apply to ICC Test matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playing on non-turf pitches (according to Law 7.5) is not allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Law 12.1(b) (as below, ) is not permitted in Test matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It may be agreed to limit any innings to a number of overs or to a&#xA;  period of time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single inning test matches (according to Law 21.2) are not allowed. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ICC ODIs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All the rules related to test matches(ie, Follow-ons, adding time between innings, adding time at the end of the day, changing the ball after one day's play, etc) are all obviously not applicable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Declaration of innings, according to Law 14, is not permitted&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;According to Law 1.1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By agreement a match may be played between sides of fewer than, or&#xA;  more than, eleven players, but not more than eleven players may field&#xA;  at any time.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not applicable to ODIs played between ICC Members and/or ICC Affliates&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2014-02-03T10:26:02.390" LastActivityDate="2014-02-03T10:26:02.390" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-02-03T10:26:02.390" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="548" CreationDate="2014-02-03T11:49:34.033" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I started swimming seriously, about 4 years ago, &lt;strong&gt;I struggled with exactly the same problem&lt;/strong&gt;. It took me a long time to break the 100m barrier for &lt;strong&gt;front crawl&lt;/strong&gt;, doing bi-lateral breathing. Uni-lateral breathing was a little better but I still struggled with a sensation of panic and being out of breath.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once I had broken the 100m limit, suddenly it became possible to go much farther, as if there is a transition between how I would breath normally on land and how I &lt;em&gt;needed&lt;/em&gt; to breath whilst swimming. I still feel a slight pinch during training warm-up at this point, as if my lungs 'change gear'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To beat the limit I :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;slowed my swimming to a very gentle pace so as to be as relaxed as possible&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;repeated 50m swims at first, with a break between each to recover, then 100m swims with a break&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;eventually, I felt I could attempt to go past the 100m and try for 150m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once I was getting to 150m, I very quickly made it to 200, 300 etc. &lt;strong&gt;One of the key things that helped me was to beat the barrier&lt;/strong&gt; was expelling 50% of each breath &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; after inhaling, ie. as my face re-entered the water, I already started to breath out. The remainder of the air I slowly breathed out, through nose and mouth simultaneously, during the time my face remained under water, such that after 3 strokes it was all gone and ready for the next inhale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As others have indicated here, breathing out is very important; when swimming you should be either breathing in or out but &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; holding your breath. My coach explained the panicy feeling you get as being the need to expel the C0-2 from your lungs following breathing in, which is not something you'd instinctively  think to do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2248" LastEditorUserId="2248" LastEditDate="2018-09-26T08:06:09.503" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T08:06:09.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13058" CreationDate="2014-02-03T14:26:00.223" Score="7" ViewCount="1246" Body="&lt;p&gt;In training, I &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; struggle with &lt;strong&gt;front/back&lt;/strong&gt; crawl or &lt;strong&gt;fly&lt;/strong&gt; kick exercises. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only do I not get much propulsion but the little I do get pretty much drains &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; my energy and leaves me gasping for breath.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is&lt;/strong&gt;: if you have also struggled with this at some point, ie. you are a competent swimmer but the vast majority of your ability comes from upper-body strength, what exercises and quantity of those exercises (in or out of water) did you use to improve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2248" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T20:48:49.280" Title="How can I improve the efficiency of my kick in swimming?" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2166" CreationDate="2014-02-03T22:03:48.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone will have his/her own opinion on the matter. One way might work well for one person and another way will work better for another. The important thing is to stay safe and know your limits. I've been snowboarding for six years and this is what I found to work well for me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was my third season and one of the lift operators suggested that I try out the halfpipe. The snow was very soft that day, so the conditions were ideal for learning. She was right; the snow cushioned my (numerous) falls, but I eventually started pulling off some jumps. Traversing can definitely be helpful, but so can linking the turns and carving. I learned by carving on a 45 degree angle (not 90 degrees), making a jump as I turned my body, and landing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people have claimed that starting out in the park first is better. In all honesty, I started in the halfpipe first and I was fine. I think it depends on what kind of riding you'd like to do because the type of board you use for the halfpipe should be different from the board you use for the terrain park. This is because you need excellent stability and edgehold when tackling the halfpipe, which requires a stiffer board. The terrain park, on the other hand, has rails, boxes, and many other obstacles that require a board that can take punishment. A flexible board is good for absorbing impact. Also, you don't want to have sharp edges in the terrain park because sharp edges will catch on rails and such (however,you want to have sharp edges for the halfpipe). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to land properly, but you don't have to practice in the terrain park to do it. You can easily find a wall on a regular slope to practice going up on and can even try springing up over small lumps of snow. Again, when the snow is soft, you can practice jumping on the halfpipe. If you're concerned about falling, you can purchase some body armour, but I can honestly say that I've never worn any and I was fine practising (I have never seriously injured myself when snowboarding). It's your call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of tips: be sure to bend your knees to absorb impact, watch some videos online and read some literature on the subject, and (if you want) get an advanced lesson. First and foremost, stay safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T17:00:38.063" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T17:00:38.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3967" CreationDate="2014-02-04T15:42:24.300" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned in your question, Sochi 2014 is the most expensive games in Olympic history, surpassing Beijing 2008.  This is even more incredible when you realize that the Summer Games has three times more events than the Winter Games, which means that Russia has spent almost 4 times more &lt;em&gt;per event&lt;/em&gt; than China did in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Russia was bidding for the Olympics, President Putin gave a speech to the International Olympic Committee promising to turn Sochi into a world-class resort.  His original number of $12 Billion was much more than the other finalist nations were offering to spend.  Now, however, as the games are about to begin, the total spent by Russia is being reported as $51 Billion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Joshua Yaffa has written &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-02/the-2014-winter-olympics-in-sochi-cost-51-billion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a fascinating article for Bloomberg Businessweek&lt;/a&gt; that outlines some of the reasons for the out-of-control costs in Sochi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among the reasons that he discusses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engineering problems:  Sochi is in a narrow region between the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains.  There isn't a lot of room for large arenas and venues.  The best place to locate the Olympic venues is the Imereti Valley, an area that is prone to flooding.  The area constructed around Olympic Park has had to be built and rebuilt a few times due to flooding and inadequate engineering.  Also, in constructing the new railway between the Olympic Park and the Mountain venues, major tunneling was required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Needed infrastructure: The Imereti Valley had very little infrastructure to begin with, and Russia has had to build roads, railroads, and utilities from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corruption: The first two reasons are practical reasons for excessive costs, but the majority of the article gives example after example of corruption, both by government officials and by contractors.  According to the author, this is a very significant reason for the out-of-control spending.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T15:42:24.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3990" CreationDate="2014-02-04T19:37:18.757" Score="5" ViewCount="12067" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first quarter of the Super Bowl, the Seahawks threw an incomplete pass on first down, leading to second down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except that the offense had a &quot;false start,&quot; for a five yard penalty. The Broncos accepted it, and it was first and 15 instead of second and 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would the Broncos prefer the extra five yards instead of declining the penalty for a loss of a down? My understanding is that fewer opportunities for &quot;conversion&quot; often outweighs the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless the penalty decision was governed by field position? The Seahawks started from the Broncos 30, and were pulled back to the 35, toward the edge of field goal range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T15:06:58.990" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T15:06:58.990" Title="When are (American) football teams likely to decline penalties?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3987" CreationDate="2014-02-04T21:23:29.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is that a football team will decline a penalty anytime they think that the loss of down with the result of the play is better for them than rerunning the down and taking the penalty yards.  This is really a judgement call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of deciding between &quot;1st and 15&quot; or &quot;2nd and 10,&quot; the defense will usually prefer to be in a &quot;2nd and 10&quot; situation.  However, there are some situations when &quot;1st and 15&quot; might be better for the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned, if the offense is on the edge of field goal range, a 5 yard penalty might be enough to push them out of range.  However, this is usually more of a 4th quarter move in a close game, when you need to make sure that the offense doesn't get a needed field goal, and you'll take the risk of allowing the offense an extra down.  In the first quarter, the defense is more focused on minimizing touchdowns, and would give them 5 yards if it makes it harder for the offense to reach 1st down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another situation where &quot;1st and 15&quot; might be better than &quot;2nd and 10&quot; would be on the other end of the field.  If the penalty would push the offense back against their own goal line, the defense might take it to get the possibility of a safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T21:23:29.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3989" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3991" CreationDate="2014-02-05T05:12:28.270" Score="4" ViewCount="9094" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the point of release have to on/behind the three-point line to make a successful 3-pt field goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or can one release the ball from anywhere in mid-air, provided their last step was outside the circle? (Imagine a lay-up from outisde the circle)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I expect that the rules on this are the same for FIBA and NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T15:24:08.350" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T15:24:08.350" Title="Three Point Field Goal Point of Release" Tags="|rules|basketball|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3987" CreationDate="2014-02-05T06:13:45.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did a little research... we can actually put some pretty reasonable data to this.  Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2009/12/expected-point-values.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.advancednflstats.com/2009/12/expected-point-values.html&lt;/a&gt; to see what expected points are.  Then I opened the table he links there (&lt;a href=&quot;http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AhEXxf9odCnMdHJJd3lkUDVsX25BbUdsY2FmOUM1T3c&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AhEXxf9odCnMdHJJd3lkUDVsX25BbUdsY2FmOUM1T3c&amp;amp;hl=en&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like 2nd and 10 from the O30 is 2.73 expected points... 1st and 15 from the O25 is 2.66 expected points.  Looks like the result is the same from most positions on the field (0.05 points worse if you put them to 1st and 15 after a touchback, or 0.06 points worse if you chose 2nd and goal from the 10 over 1st and goal from the 15).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So looks like generally you take the 5 yards if you're the defense in such a situation, but that there isn't a giant difference between the options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T23:51:41.690" LastActivityDate="2014-02-06T23:51:41.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3989" CreationDate="2014-02-05T06:17:28.553" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;NBA rules from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_5.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_5.html&lt;/a&gt; say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c. A successful field goal attempt from the area outside the&#xA;  three-point field goal line shall count three points.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (1) The shooter must have at least one foot on the floor outside the three-point field&#xA;  goal line &lt;strong&gt;prior&lt;/strong&gt; to the attempt.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (2) The shooter may not be &lt;strong&gt;touching&lt;/strong&gt; the floor on or inside the three-point field goal line.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;(3) The shooter may contact the three-point field goal line, or land in the&#xA;  two-point field goal area, after the ball is released.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (Emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as long as your last step was outside the arc, you may release at any location while in the air, at least in the NBA.  It's the rule I was taught when doing intramural refereeing at college, so I expect, yes, it's the same everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T06:34:34.233" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T06:34:34.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3998" CreationDate="2014-02-05T08:30:17.617" Score="14" ViewCount="35633" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens when I bounce-pass the ball into the basket, like in a circus shot?&#xA;Does this count as a successful basket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T17:09:37.867" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T18:07:21.557" Title="What happens if the ball is bounced into the basket?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3993" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3994" CreationDate="2014-02-05T09:45:22.867" Score="11" ViewCount="25404" Body="&lt;p&gt;A match forfeit is usually scored as a 3-0 loss to the team forfeiting the game.&#xA;But, could a team use this to your advantage by forfeiting a game in which they could potentially lose by more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For eg: in a two-legged encounter, if I manage to win the first leg by more than 3 goals, can I forfeit the second leg and still qualify on aggregate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this is totally against the spirit of football, but is there anything in the rulebook that prevents this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T13:38:11.297" Title="Is a match forfeit always scored as 3-0 regardless of situation?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3993" CreationDate="2014-02-05T10:02:52.720" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what I found on forfeits over two legs; according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/75/discoinhalte.pdf&quot;&gt;fifa&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team sanctioned with a forfeit is considered to have lost the match by 3-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the goal difference at the end of the match is greater than three,&#xA;  the result on the pitch is upheld.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never heard of a team actually doing this though. Would be interesting to see what Fifa would do if a team won 4-0 and decided to forfeit the 2nd leg so they could go through. I guess in most cases the money lost by not playing the game is a deterrent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found more info from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/79/68/69/1796869_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot;&gt;Uefa&lt;/a&gt; where if a team refuses to play a match then they forfeit that game and face elimination from the competition. I think this relates more to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a club refuses to play or is responsible for a match not taking&#xA;  place or not  being played in full, the Control and Disciplinary Body&#xA;  declares the match  forfeited and/or disqualifies the club concerned&#xA;  in combination with the following fines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fines range up to 1 million euro for doing so before the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T10:35:55.523" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T10:35:55.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3995" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3996" CreationDate="2014-02-05T10:41:45.933" Score="9" ViewCount="5206" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the international football matches are being played for several years. It may have different playing time/periods in the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know two things,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any play time for football matches other than 90 minutes? In&#xA;cricket, there are 5 days matches, one day and 3 hours matches are&#xA;there. (Just to point out, feel free to edit).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did the time fixed for 1.5 hours in international matches?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T15:10:40.973" Title="When did the football match time fixed to 90 minutes?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3995" CreationDate="2014-02-05T11:16:41.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, it was in 1877 that the length of a game was set at 90 minutes.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any professional game of football is set at 90 minutes but underage games don't use 90 minutes for their games. If the scores are level after 90 minutes in a knockout match then 30 minutes of extra time is used to find a winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-07T09:21:14.900" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T09:21:14.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3997" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-05T14:47:09.783" Score="-2" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any sports other than Test Cricket played over the course of five days to achieve a result? Even in Cricket, the match may end in a draw, which means no result is obtained. But, is there any sport available, that takes as long to play and achieves a result at the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1719" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T18:15:50.527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T18:15:50.527" Title="What is the longest game that yields result finally" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2014-02-05T17:56:56.393" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3992" CreationDate="2014-02-05T15:22:57.593" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, a bounce that goes into the basket would count as a successful goal.  Anytime (except on a throw-in) a live ball goes through the basket, it is a goal, and it doesn't matter who, if anyone, threw the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4312-2013-14-and-2014-15-mens-basketball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Men's Basketball 2013-14 and 2014-15 Rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 5 (Scoring and Timing Regulations), Section 1, Article 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 2.&lt;/strong&gt; A goal is made when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a.  A live ball that is not a throw-in enters the basket from above and remains &#xA;  in or passes through the basket; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b.  A free throw enters the basket from above and remains in or  passes &#xA;  through the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a player bounces the ball, the ball is still live, meaning that any player could theoretically grab the ball and continue playing.  So if the ball goes in the basket, the goal would count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kicking the ball in, &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/gzC11oNYx64?t=1m15s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;even if it is easier for you&lt;/a&gt;, is not allowed (NCAA Rule 9, Section 7; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule&lt;/a&gt; 10, Section 4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T17:33:20.203" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T17:33:20.203" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3997" CreationDate="2014-02-05T15:25:46.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, John Isner defeated Nicholas Mahut 6–4, 3–6, 6–7(7–9), 7–6(7–3), 70–68 in the first round of the 2010 Wimbledon Championships after 11 hours 5 minutes, played over three days.&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that this is an extremely rare corner case, but fits the definition of &quot;played too long to achieve result.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T18:11:13.287" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T18:11:13.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4001" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-06T06:28:51.647" Score="7" ViewCount="1375" Body="&lt;p&gt;EPL has had quite a few prolific super-subs (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Gunnar_Solskj%C3%A6r&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Solksjaer&lt;/a&gt; to probably &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Balc%C3%A1zar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chicharito&lt;/a&gt; today). Who has scored the most goals as a substitute in the EPL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: If statistics aren't available since 1991, feel free to give an answer from the year of availability of statistics&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, who has scored the most winners as a substitute?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T19:54:40.487" LastActivityDate="2014-02-06T19:54:40.487" Title="Who has scored the most goals as a substitute?" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4001" CreationDate="2014-02-06T12:29:45.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermain_Defoe&quot;&gt;Jermain Defoe&lt;/a&gt; has scored the most Premier League goals with 20 off the bench. This is followed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwankwo_Kanu&quot;&gt;Kanu&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Gunnar_Solskj%C3%A6r&quot;&gt;Solksjaer&lt;/a&gt; with 17 each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://talksport.com/magazine/features/120710/which-subs-have-scored-most-goals-premier-league-history-find-out-here-176307?p=4&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3261" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T14:23:36.307" LastActivityDate="2014-02-06T14:23:36.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4004" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4005" CreationDate="2014-02-06T18:38:29.910" Score="2" ViewCount="1539" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to see a statistic showing which player has scored the most points in one basketball game every season. I know Wilt Chamberlain holds the general record, but it would be nice to see who came close and who had the best scoring game in each season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1986" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T19:43:57.200" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T04:07:22.060" Title="Which player scored the most points in one game in each season?" Tags="|basketball|trivia|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4004" CreationDate="2014-02-06T19:36:51.553" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=&amp;amp;year_max=&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_is_eds=Y&amp;amp;round_is_edf=Y&amp;amp;round_is_ec1=Y&amp;amp;round_is_ecs=Y&amp;amp;round_is_ecf=Y&amp;amp;round_is_wds=Y&amp;amp;round_is_wdf=Y&amp;amp;round_is_wc1=Y&amp;amp;round_is_wcs=Y&amp;amp;round_is_wcf=Y&amp;amp;round_is_fin=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=gt&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;order_by=pts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1963-1964&lt;/strong&gt; season&lt;/a&gt; as of the &lt;strong&gt;2016-2017&lt;/strong&gt; NBA season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018-2019:&lt;/strong&gt; James Harden (61 - 01/23/2019, 03/22/2019)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2017-2018:&lt;/strong&gt; James Harden (60 - 01/30/2018)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2016-2017:&lt;/strong&gt; Devin Booker (70 - 03/24/2017)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2015-2016:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (60 - 04/13/2016)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2014-2015:&lt;/strong&gt; Kyrie Irving (57 - 03/12/2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2013-2014:&lt;/strong&gt; Carmelo Anthony (62 - 01/24/2014)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012-2013:&lt;/strong&gt; Stephen Curry (54 - 02/27/2013)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2011-2012:&lt;/strong&gt; Deron Williams (57 - 03/04/2012)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2010-2011:&lt;/strong&gt; LeBron James (51 - 02/03/2011)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2009-2010:&lt;/strong&gt; Brandon Jennings (55 - 11/14/2009)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2008-2009:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (61 - 02/02/2009)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2007-2008:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (53 - 03/28/2008)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2006-2007:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (65 - 03/16/2007)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2005-2006:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (81 - 01/22/2006)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2004-2005:&lt;/strong&gt; Allen Iverson (60 - 02/12/2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2003-2004:&lt;/strong&gt; Tracy McGrady (62 - 03/10/2004)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2002-2003:&lt;/strong&gt; Kobe Bryant (55 - 03/28/2003)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2001-2002:&lt;/strong&gt; Allen Iverson (58 - 01/15/2002)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2000-2001:&lt;/strong&gt; Jerry Stackhouse (57 - 04/03/2001)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1999-2000:&lt;/strong&gt; Shaquille O'Neal (61 - 03/06/2000)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998-1999:&lt;/strong&gt; Grant Hill (46 - 02/08/1999), Allen Iverson (46 - 02/12/1999), Antonio McDyess (46 - 02/28/1999)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1997-1998:&lt;/strong&gt; Karl Malone (56 - 04/07/1998)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1996-1997&lt;/strong&gt;: Michael Jordan (51 - 01/21/1997)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1995-1996:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (53 - 03/07/1996)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994-1995:&lt;/strong&gt; Glen Rice (56 - 04/15/1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1993-1994:&lt;/strong&gt; David Robinson (71 - 04/24/1994)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1992-1993:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (64 - 01/16/1993)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1991-1992:&lt;/strong&gt; Dominique Wilkins (52 - 12/07/1991)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1990-1991:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Adams (54 - 03/23/1991)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1989-1990:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (69 - 03/28/1990)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1988-1989:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (53 - 01/21/1989)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1987-1988:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (59 - 04/03/1988)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1986-1987:&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jordan (61 - 03/04/1987, 04/16/1987)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1985-1986:&lt;/strong&gt; Dominique Wilkins (57 - 04/10/1986)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1984-1985:&lt;/strong&gt; Bernard King (60 - 12/25/1984), Larry Bird (60 - 03/12/1985)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1983-1984:&lt;/strong&gt; Purvis Short (57 - 01/07/1984)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1982-1983:&lt;/strong&gt; Adrian Dantley (57 - 12/04/1982)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1981-1982:&lt;/strong&gt; Moses Malone (53 - 02/02/1982), Adrian Dantley (53 - 04/10/1982)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1980-1981:&lt;/strong&gt; Adrian Dantley (55 - 02/06/1981)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1979-1980:&lt;/strong&gt; George Gervin (55 - 01/23/1980)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1978-1979:&lt;/strong&gt; George Gervin (52 - 01/11/1979) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1977-1978:&lt;/strong&gt; David Thompson (73 - 04/09/1978)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1976-1977:&lt;/strong&gt; Pete Maravich (68 - 02/25/1977)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1975-1976:&lt;/strong&gt; Bob McAdoo (52 - 03/17/1976)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974-1975:&lt;/strong&gt; Rick Barry (55 - 01/23/1975)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1973-1974:&lt;/strong&gt; Rick Barry (64 - 03/26/1974)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1972-1973:&lt;/strong&gt; Phil Chenier (53 - 12/06/1972)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1971-1972:&lt;/strong&gt; Chet Walker (56 - 02/06/1972)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1970-1971:&lt;/strong&gt; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (53 - 11/04/1970)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1969-1970:&lt;/strong&gt; Lou Hudson (57 - 11/10/1969)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1968-1969:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (66 - 02/09/1969)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1967-1968:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (68 - 12/16/1967)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1966-1967:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (58 - 02/13/1967)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1965-1966:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (65 - 02/07/1966)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1964-1965:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (63 - 11/26/1964)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1963-1964:&lt;/strong&gt; Wilt Chamberlain (59 - 12/06/1963, 01/28/1964, 02/11/1964)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-05-18T04:07:22.060" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T04:07:22.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3887" CreationDate="2014-02-06T20:57:08.863" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who holds the decision to declare Man of the Match/Man of the Series/ Tournament award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on the tournament or series that is going on. In some series they are decided by commentators as they say while giving award as it was quite difficult for us to choose. But For the Big tournaments such as World Cup there is always a panel selected for decision taking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How the Man of the match is decide when there are equivalent performance from two players in the same match ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on which performance lead to match winning and at crucial time of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What will be things considered while declaring a Man of the Match for such case ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about if there is some rule as such but it is completely dependent on the performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-21T06:57:25.750" LastActivityDate="2014-02-21T06:57:25.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3933" CreationDate="2014-02-06T21:11:54.817" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking at the complete explanation of that rule I came across nice blog that clears all the doubts regarding working of WASP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To illustrate, in the first innings model to calculate the expected&#xA;  additional runs when a given number of balls and wickets remain, we&#xA;  could just average the additional runs scored in all matches when that&#xA;  situation arose. This would work fine for situations that have arisen&#xA;  a lot such as 1 wicket down after 10 overs, or 5 wickets down after 40&#xA;  overs, etc.), but for rare situations like 5 wickets down after 10&#xA;  overs or 1 wicket down after 40 it would be problematic, partly&#xA;  because of a lack of precision when sample sizes are small but more&#xA;  importantly because those rare situations will be overpopulated with&#xA;  games where there was a mismatch in skills between the two teams.&#xA;  Instead, what we do is estimate the expected runs and the probability&#xA;  of a wicket falling on the next ball only. Let V(b,w) be the expected&#xA;  additional runs for the rest of the innings when b (legitimate) balls&#xA;  have been bowled and w wickets have been lost, and let r(b,w) and&#xA;  p(b,w) be, respectively, the estimated expected runs and the&#xA;  probability of a wicket on the next ball in that situation. We can&#xA;  then write &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;V(b,w) =r(b,w) +p(b,w) V(b+1,w+1) +(1-p(b,w)))V(b+1,w)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since V(b*,w)=0 where b* equals the maximum number of legitimate&#xA;  deliveries allowed in the innings (300 in a 50 over game), we can&#xA;  solve the model backwards. This means that the estimates for V(b,w) in&#xA;  rare situations depends only slightly on the estimated runs and&#xA;  probability of a wicket on that ball, and mostly on the values of&#xA;  V(b+1,w) and V(b+1,w+1), which will be mostly determined by thick data&#xA;  points. The second innings model is a bit more complicated, but uses&#xA;  essentially the same logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://offsettingbehaviour.blogspot.co.nz/2012/11/cricket-and-wasp-shameless-self.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WASP Working in Details&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-18T04:19:17.570" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T04:19:17.570" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4080" CreationDate="2014-02-06T21:19:44.983" Score="3" ViewCount="1643" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot locate this information anywhere! I'm, of course, referring to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rfef.es/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the football (soccer) tournament played in Spain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3264" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-08T00:38:11.903" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T13:11:26.987" Title="Where will the Copa Del Rey final 2014 be played?" Tags="|football|tournaments|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3609" CreationDate="2014-02-06T21:43:32.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The new rule introduced this year- Right to Match- will provide teams&#xA;  an opportunity in the 2014 auction to get one or more player from&#xA;  their previous year’s squad depending on how many players they have&#xA;  retained prior to auction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This means Mumbai Indians can exercise this right only once as they&#xA;  have retained 5 players whereas Delhi Daredevils can exercise right to&#xA;  match three times.  Franchise can exercise this right in following&#xA;  manner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This right can only be exercised on a player who was part of the&#xA;  franchise in the IPL 2013 If such a player is sold to any other team&#xA;  in the process of auction-  the auctioneer, before completing process&#xA;  of auction for that player, will ask relevant franchise  if they want&#xA;  to exercise “Right  to Match”. If Franchise chooses to exercise their&#xA;  right to match they will get the player at the final bid amount made&#xA;  for the player in the process of auction. However franchise is can&#xA;  only take upto 4 capped Indian player by combination of retention&#xA;  advance to auction and Right to Match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How Right to Match will be beneficial to the Franchise? Franchises&#xA;  were allowed to retain upto 5 players prior to auction. However this&#xA;  retention came at the fixed price decided by IPL management.&#xA;  Aggressive bidding for a player often increases his bid price very&#xA;  high. Right to match allows Franchise to retain player without taking&#xA;  part in bid process and if they think that bid price is good to buy&#xA;  such player. This also creates continuity as teams get a player who&#xA;  has previously played for them and whose strength and weaknesses they&#xA;  know very well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since Chennai Super Kings have already retained 4 Indian capped player&#xA;  they will not have any right to match for capped Indian player however&#xA;  they can use it for foreign player played for them in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smashreport.com/posts/show_article/IPL-2014-new-auction-rule-RIGHT-TO-MATCH---Joker-Card-1102&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Joker Card/ Right to Match&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-13T14:44:58.520" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T14:44:58.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4008" CreationDate="2014-02-06T23:01:42.860" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has been no announcement as to where the final will be played. This will be announced by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Football_Federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RFEF&lt;/a&gt; (Royal Spanish Football Federation, similar to the English FA) once the finalists are known to ensure the ground is neutral. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Odds on the location of the final can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nicerodds.co.uk/copa-del-rey-odds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3261" LastEditorUserId="3261" LastEditDate="2014-02-07T11:13:59.533" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T11:13:59.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4012" CreationDate="2014-02-07T09:14:41.917" Score="8" ViewCount="12783" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which EPL match has had the longest injury time added at the end of 90 minutes? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="3271" LastEditDate="2014-02-07T15:23:17.273" LastActivityDate="2022-01-22T20:06:26.767" Title="EPL match with the longest injury time" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4011" CreationDate="2014-02-07T10:56:04.300" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Longest additional time: 12 minutes 58 seconds (Arsenal v. West Ham United, 23 January 2013)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the match report for the game from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/jan/23/arsenal-west-ham-premier-league&quot;&gt;Guardian&lt;/a&gt;. The time added on was due to an injury to the West Ham player Potts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The visitors' bleak evening was compounded when the substitute Danny&#xA;  Potts was carried off wearing a neck brace after almost 10 minutes of&#xA;  treatment, having lost consciousness in a sickening aerial collision&#xA;  with Bacary Sagna. The West Ham manager, Sam Allardyce, reported that&#xA;  Potts had &quot;hit the ground like a dead weight&quot; with the &quot;double blow&quot;&#xA;  being the manner in which he landed on his head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T10:56:04.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4014" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4015" CreationDate="2014-02-07T14:45:15.300" Score="13" ViewCount="44039" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read in somebody's comment in another question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;USA Table Tennis rules:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.5.7 A player strikes the ball if s/he&#xA;  touches it in play with his/her racket, held in the hand, or with&#xA;  his/her racket hand below the wrist.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.5.8 A player obstructs the ball&#xA;  if s/he, or anything s/he wears or carries, touches it in play when it&#xA;  is above or traveling towards the playing surface, not having touched&#xA;  his/her court since last being struck by the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that mean that I can use my hand to hit the ball? &#xA;But only my racket hand?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does that mean that when you miss the ball with the racket, but actually hits it with a finger or something, it's still a valid play?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does that tell me that it's illegal to hit the ball with my free hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, don't base your answers on the interpretation of that snippet alone, maybe there are varations of this rule in other countries, for instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3270" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T00:28:26.373" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T00:28:26.373" Title="Can I use my hand to hit the ball on table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4014" CreationDate="2014-02-07T15:19:45.627" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can use your hand to hit the ball, but only if it is your racket hand and below the wrist. A quote of the rules state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is considered legal to hit the ball with your fingers, or with your racket hand below the wrist, or even any part of the bat.(Law 2.5.7) This means that you could quite legally return the ball by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hitting it with the back of your racket hand;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hitting it with the edge of the bat, instead of the rubber;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hitting it with the handle of the bat.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A proviso includes - Your hand is only your racket hand if it is holding the racket, so this means you can't drop your bat and then hit the ball with your hand, because your hand is no longer your racket hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;illegal&lt;/strong&gt; to hit the ball with your free hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a good summary of the rules &lt;a href=&quot;http://tabletennis.about.com/od/importantrules/a/importantrules_3.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3261" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T15:19:45.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-08T09:06:41.800" Score="9" ViewCount="747" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering why the helmets used in different sports disciplines are so different, especially considering professional athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alpine skiing (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.salon.com/2014/02/04/olympic_alpine_course_set_to_reveal_its_secrets/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OOtjS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Alpine skiing helmet&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cycling (&lt;a href=&quot;http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/cycling-keyna-froomes-first-home-cycling-faces-uphill-091543331.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rEflf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Cycling helmet&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course I understand that there are two major requirements&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Comfort&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For cycling it is more important to have ambient cooling, so they designed a helmet with holes to accomplish this. This does make sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the time trial, maybe comfort is sacrificed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Time trial helmet (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/osymetric-chainrings-do-they-work-28044&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DHYQc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Time trial cycling helmet&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, these helmets are looking more alike, but they are still different. For the cycling I know that the tail is designed for optimal aerodynamics (and I suppose safety is still carefully tested). For the alpine skiing helmet such a tail is not use, why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side note: I know that Dtuch Olympic champion Bob de Jong (speed skating), wears is shoulder-long hair in a tight not to recreate such a tail, so it might add something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T15:28:35.960" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T19:49:44.220" Title="Helmets in alpine skiing vs cycling" Tags="|equipment|cycling|skiing|helmet|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4020" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4041" CreationDate="2014-02-09T04:00:51.230" Score="5" ViewCount="2554" Body="&lt;p&gt;I watched the Sochi 2014 Biathlon Men's Sprint today.  In the Sprint race, the racers start separately, at 30 second intervals, and the racers stop twice along the cross-country ski course to shoot at five targets: once from a laying down position and once from a standing position.  If they miss any of their targets, they are assessed a penalty.  My question is: how does the penalty work?  Does time get added on to their result if they miss, or do they get time taken off for each target they make, or is there some other method for penalizing misses in the target shooting portion of the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-09T12:06:45.480" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T09:56:22.763" Title="How do the penalties work in biathlon?" Tags="|rules|skiing|shooting|biathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4020" CreationDate="2014-02-09T04:09:58.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Biathlon Men's Sprint at Sochi, racers ski three times around a 3.3-kilometer loop, for a total of 10-kilometers.  After the first and second loops, they stop to shoot five targets.  For each target the racer misses, he needs to ski around a 150-meter penalty loop immediately after the target stop before he continues on to the next race loop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Women's Sprint is the same, except their race loop is 2.5-kilometers, for a total of 7.5-kilometers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-09T20:48:23.540" LastActivityDate="2014-02-09T20:48:23.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4022" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-09T08:47:26.837" Score="5" ViewCount="533" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which Winter Olympic sports gather the highest TV viewership?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is partly based on the assumption that Norway, which is where I'm from, overestimates cross-country skiing as a major sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3276" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T06:52:15.233" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T06:52:15.233" Title="Which Winter Olympic sports gather the highest TV viewership?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3981" CreationDate="2014-02-09T09:52:20.987" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I started swimming I had the same problem. I come from an ultra running background so I had very little flexibility in my ankles and poor technique. The following worked for me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do lots of stretching to get some flexibility back in my ankles. You must try to point your toes to the back and not down; Take a look at this page &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.feelforthewater.com/2013/03/ankle-flexibility-with-olympic-medalist.html&quot;&gt;http://www.feelforthewater.com/2013/03/ankle-flexibility-with-olympic-medalist.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do you bend your knees excessively when kicking? I had to stop myself from bicycling under water instead of doing a proper kick where you keep your legs as straight as possible (but don't go too far and lock your knees)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do you keep you legs together? In the front crawl I used to regularly do a scissor kick which causes drag and costs energy. I spent a lot of time focussing on keeping my legs together at all times. You can try brushing your big toes against each other when kicking.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best tool I found for correcting these problems was swimming with flippers. Here you feel right away when your foot is not correctly aligned and when poor technique is causing more drag (and hence costing more energy). A good exercise for me is 300m front crawl with flippers and then 300m without but trying to keep the same kick.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3278" LastActivityDate="2014-02-09T09:52:20.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-09T10:07:52.943" Score="6" ViewCount="6008" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an amateur who has played for a couple of years. In the beginning I bought just a random racket - &quot;for beginners&quot;, they say. Then I saw some Big Helmet tournaments and got curious about players who punch their rackets and change the behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly does the tension affect the game?  And if the tension really matters, then how will I know if I need to restring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it make sense to try to play with a different racket - will I &quot;feel&quot; the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3277" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-14T23:45:45.433" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T01:15:22.277" Title="Does the tension of a tennis racket really affect the game play?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4027" CreationDate="2014-02-09T10:16:35.793" Score="7" ViewCount="2251" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the point of having a lot of line judges, since everything can be done automatically by Hawk-Eye?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean the microphone, that listens the ball touching the net, and Hawk-Eye, which knows where every ball lands during a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3277" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:43:49.603" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:43:49.603" Title="Why doesn't every match always use Hawk-Eye technology in tennis tournaments?" Tags="|officiating|tennis|technology|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4024" CreationDate="2014-02-09T20:29:21.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll try my best to answer your question - I don't quite understand what you're asking when you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;punches their racquet's strings and changes the racquet after that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a beginning tennis player, the rule of thumb is that you should restring your racquet as many times in a year as you play in a week. So if you play twice a week, you should get your racquet restrung every 6 months. Some people play with the same strings for years or until the strings break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason some players get the strings replaced before they break is because of tension loss. It depends on the string material used - but all strings lose tension after being used for a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For professional players, they get their racquets restrung constantly because any amount of tension loss can potentially affect their shots, so they try to minimize how much that can happen. A single player could get anywhere from 2-10 racquets restrung for a tournament. The very top players (like Federer, Nadal, Djokovic, Murray, etc.) can get about 8 racquets restrung for them before every match they play. They pay a professional racquet stringing company to travel with them to various tournaments to restring their racquets for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless you are a fairly advanced player, you are not likely to notice a little difference in the amount of tension in strings - like 3-5 kg difference. But for advanced players, they will notice because they have a better feel for the tension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tension typically affects the amount of power (or control) you get from the strings. The lower the tension - the more power you get. The higher the tension, the less power (thus control) you get. It's just like a trampoline - a loose trampoline will bounce you higher in the air than a tight one will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-03-17T16:53:44.010" LastActivityDate="2014-03-17T16:53:44.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4025" CreationDate="2014-02-09T20:42:33.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, Hawk-Eye technology is not available for every court that professional matches are played on. So, in those cases, players can't challenge a call because no Hawk-Eye is available. The chair umpire will inform players before they begin to warm-up if Hawk-Eye will be in use for their match or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, Hawk-Eye tracks the trajectory of each shot during a match, but it typically takes a little while (up to 10 seconds) for the chair umpire to tell the people in the Hawk-Eye booth to generate the video and show where the ball landed. It typically disrupts the &quot;flow of the match&quot; which is why players only receive 3 challenges per set (and an additional challenge during a tie-break). This also makes it so a player can't abuse the system and ask for Hawk-Eye review after many points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly - some points just don't require the use of Hawk-Eye technology. Sometimes the ball lands out by several feet and does not land close enough to a line to require a precise measurement of where the ball landed. In those cases, the line judges and chair umpire can easily make the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are some fans of tennis (including myself) that feel that players should not need to challenge calls on shots that land close to a line, and it should just automatically be reviewed by Hawk-Eye. The ball can travel at very high speeds during a tennis match and getting the call right with the human eye can yield incorrect results - in those cases I think the line judges should be able to indicate they are unsure of the call and should just be able to rely on Hawk-Eye if it is available. I think the challenge system currently in use is still somewhat of a marketing gimmick and something to entertain the fans with, rather than being used for more precision in line calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-02-09T20:42:33.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4029" CreationDate="2014-02-09T20:54:19.300" Score="7" ViewCount="1950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious about the history and meaning of the five ring Olympic logo.  When was this logo designed, and does it have any symbolic meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-09T21:11:32.880" LastActivityDate="2020-04-15T07:58:56.027" Title="What is the significance of the Olympic logo?" Tags="|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4028" CreationDate="2014-02-09T21:59:09.603" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de&#xA;  Coubertin, co-founder of the modern Olympic Games. According to&#xA;  Coubertin, the ring colours with the white background stand for those&#xA;  colors that appeared on all the national flags that competed in the&#xA;  Olympic games at that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Olympics History - Wiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The five rings represent the five continents. They are interlaced to&#xA;  show the universality of Olympism and the meeting of the athletes of&#xA;  the world during the Olympic Games. On the Olympic flag, the rings&#xA;  appear on a white background. Combined in this way,  the six colours&#xA;  of the flag (blue, yellow, black, green, red and white) represent all&#xA;  nations. It is a misconception, therefore, to believe that each of the&#xA;  colours corresponds to a certain  continent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/documents/reports/en/en_report_1303.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For Complete History and Other details Refer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-13T14:43:42.247" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T14:43:42.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5377" CreationDate="2014-02-10T00:27:46.660" Score="6" ViewCount="2327" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Mexican team &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Le%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Club León's home stadium&lt;/a&gt; is unofficially known as the &quot;Nou Camp,&quot; which is also the name of the stadium in Spain where FC Barcelona play their home games. However, &quot;Nou Camp&quot; has no meaning in Spanish and I don't believe there are many Catalan speakers in Mexico so I was surprised to encounter a seemingly-Catalan name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Le%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The relevant entry in Spanish-language Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; makes an attempt at explaining where the name came from but it doesn't quite make sense. Here's my translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Contrary to what people believe and because of a mistranslation from Spanish, the stadium was erroneously named &quot;Nou Camp&quot;, which is the name (in Catalan) of FC Barcelona's stadium. People in &lt;em&gt;Barcelona&lt;/em&gt; (?!) started calling their stadium &quot;Camp Nou&quot; (which means &quot;new field&quot; in Spanish), and that's the name that was eventually chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the word &lt;em&gt;Barcelona&lt;/em&gt; should be León, I still can't think of what sort of translation error would lead to a Catalan name for a Mexican stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For posterity, here's the Spanish text I made my translation from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;En contra de lo que la gente cree y por una mala traducción del español, se le dio el erróneo nombre de &quot;Nou Camp&quot;, que coincidía con el del FC Barcelona, cuyo nombre sí proviene del catalán. La gente en Barcelona empezó a llamarle a su estadio Camp Nou, que en español es Campo Nuevo, y al final fue el nombre elegido.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:16:47.680" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T13:16:47.680" Title="How did a Mexican soccer (aka &quot;football&quot;) team end up with a stadium named &quot;Nou Camp&quot;?" Tags="|football|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="352" CreationDate="2014-02-10T01:51:22.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;its way easier in the gym to go bare foot.  Shoes just make you unaware of how your body should move.  Especially roofs it is easier and the big to can toe hook a lot of holds your shoes cant.  High feet that require the foot to claw are way easier bare foot.  I would say 80 percent of climbs are easier bare foot and the other twenty are better with one shoe and one bare foot.  The same is true for outdoor climbing. shoes have made peoples feet weak and they have lost touch with what there feet can do on climbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3279" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T01:51:22.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4033" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4034" CreationDate="2014-02-10T03:46:03.167" Score="4" ViewCount="51059" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a cross-country skiing event this year at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics called the skiathlon.  Apparently, this is a race that was formerly called Pursuit.  What differentiates this event from other cross-country ski events, and what was the reason behind the name change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-02-11T18:05:34.390" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T18:05:34.390" Title="What is the skiathlon?" Tags="|olympics|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4033" CreationDate="2014-02-10T04:09:10.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The skiathlon is a cross-country skiing race in two stages.  The first stage is done in the classic technique.  After the first stage, the racers change skis at a transition area, then continue racing on skating skis using the free technique.  The men's race is 30 km total distance, and the women's race is 15 km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally, this event was called &quot;pursuit,&quot; but the name was changed in 2011 to &quot;skiathlon&quot; to help distinguish between this event and the cross-country ski portion of the Nordic combined race, in which the racers start in a handicapped start, which is also a type of pursuit race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cross-country-about&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sochi 2014: About Cross-Country Skiing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cccski.com/Events/Rules-and-Regulations/Skiathlon.aspx#.UvhSHbSdp1k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cross Country Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T04:14:38.637" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T04:14:38.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-10T05:01:09.800" Score="7" ViewCount="5492" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Winter Olympics, much more so than the Summer Olympics, includes lots of sports that seem dangerous.  Many of the sports involve incredible speed or jumps that are not found in the Summer games.  Of all the events in the Winter games, which is the most dangerous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more specific, I'm wondering, of all the sports in the Winter Olympics, which sport has the highest rate of serious injuries or fatalities among participants; not necessarily only during the Olympics, but in general by people participating in the sport at a competitive level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T14:53:12.390" LastActivityDate="2014-02-21T21:55:42.470" Title="What is the most dangerous sport in the Winter Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4037" CreationDate="2014-02-10T07:03:43.593" Score="4" ViewCount="2545" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a match to be tied after applying the Duckworth-Lewis method?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there notable instances of this occurring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1647" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T03:01:40.843" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T03:01:40.843" Title="Can the Duckworth-Lewis method result in a tie?" Tags="|cricket|history|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4036" CreationDate="2014-02-10T07:45:00.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's possible for a match to get tied after applying the D/L method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some matches have ended in a tie this way, an example being the South Africa vs West Indies group stage match in Champions Trophy 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/engine/match/578622.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the scorecard of that match&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-02T09:38:31.153" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T09:38:31.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4036" CreationDate="2014-02-10T09:09:45.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a match to get tie even after applying D/L method?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not? Suppose a team scored 280 runs in 50 overs. Team batting second gets target of 271 in 45 overs. If they score 270 after 45 overs, the match will be tied. Another simple example: A match is affected by rain before the match is started. So when the match is started it is reduced to 40 overs per side. If both teams score same runs the match will be tied as per D/L method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any match tied after applying this tie breaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, D/L method is not a tie breaker. It is a method to calculate the target for the team batting second in the rain/weather affected matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some ODI matches which were tied after the D/L method was applied. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/601612.html&quot;&gt;The match between Ireland v Pakistan&lt;/a&gt; is another example of a tied match using D/L method. Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283892.html&quot;&gt;the list of tied ODI matches&lt;/a&gt;. You can search other matches yourself where D/L method was applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding T20I matches there is no match which was tied after D/L method was applied*. You can see the list of tied T20I matches &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283291.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* As on 2014-02-10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-14T07:40:47.247" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T07:40:47.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4035" CreationDate="2014-02-10T10:52:06.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on what you mean by dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Winter Olympic history it will happened twice that a &lt;strong&gt;Luge&lt;/strong&gt; athlete died during the (practice) competion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki, - &lt;strong&gt;Luge&lt;/strong&gt; - 1964, Innsbruck&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nodar Kumaritashvili, - &lt;strong&gt;Luge&lt;/strong&gt; - 2010, Vancouver&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;other death in Winter Olympic competition were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ross Milne, – &lt;strong&gt;Downhill Skiing&lt;/strong&gt; – 1964, Innsbruck&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nicolas Bochatay, – &lt;strong&gt;Speed Skiing&lt;/strong&gt; – 1992, Albertville&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally there were several tragical moment in winter sport (not during Olympic events) and I think alpine skying is where it happened most than other speciality (Ulrike Maier, Regine Cavagnoud, Nick Zoricic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/02/18/curlers-more-likely-to-hurt-themselves-than-lugers-speed-skaters/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;injury in Olympic sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-02-21T21:55:42.470" LastActivityDate="2014-02-21T21:55:42.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4020" CreationDate="2014-02-10T11:11:26.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several type of race in Biathlon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &quot;Sprint&quot; / &quot;Pursuit&quot; / &quot;Mass Start&quot; format every athlete will race on added &lt;strong&gt;150-meters&lt;/strong&gt; lap (both men and women) just at the end of the shoot zone, then return in the normal track.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &quot;Individual&quot; format every athlete will take &lt;strong&gt;1 minute&lt;/strong&gt; of penality that has to be added to the ski time (it is added in real time, so the athletes will arrive at the finish with is own final time).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &quot;Relays&quot; (men/women/mixed) format each athletes can use &lt;strong&gt;3 reserve shoots&lt;/strong&gt; to arrive to take 5 target with no penality (using a reserve shoot is a lost of time!), after 3 errors they have to run &lt;strong&gt;150-meters&lt;/strong&gt; lap penality&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T09:56:22.763" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T09:56:22.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4072" CreationDate="2014-02-10T11:49:43.880" Score="3" ViewCount="3444" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a golf club strikes the ball out of the centre of the club face with the club path on the target line through impact, and the face square to target, the ball will move towards the target with no side-spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the same shot is played but the impact is towards the toe of the club, the club face will open slightly as a result, and side spin will be imparted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is: for a right handed golfer is the spin clockwise (ball path bends right) or anti-clockwise (ball path bends left).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask this question because my golf coach and I disagree on the answer. He is a very experienced and highly qualified coach. I know nothing about golf but I have a degree in physics. I'm looking for an answer with a link to a respected reference which backs it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3282" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:09:15.137" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T20:32:17.897" Title="Golf: spin direction resulting from striking out of the toe" Tags="|golf|spin|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4035" CreationDate="2014-02-10T11:49:53.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition of what is the most dangerous Winter Olympic sport is dependent on how you quantify 'dangerous'. An obvious definition would be the number of fatalities. Whilst it is hard to find statistics for winter sports as a whole, the number of fatalities at the Winter Olympic games has totalled 4, with two of them occuring in the Luge:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ross Milne (19), Australia – &lt;strong&gt;Downhill Skiing&lt;/strong&gt; – 1964, Innsbruck - Ski collision in practice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki, Britain – Luge – 1964, Innsbruck - &lt;strong&gt;Luge&lt;/strong&gt; crash in practice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nicolas Bochatay (27), Switzerland – &lt;strong&gt;Speed Skiing&lt;/strong&gt; (demonstration sport) – 1992, Albertville - Collided with a snow machine in practice.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nodar Kumaritashvili (21), Georgia – &lt;strong&gt;Luge&lt;/strong&gt; – 2010, Vancouver - Luge crash in practice.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quantifying this is, as I say, difficult, but it is obvious that the higher the speed and the more acrobatic an event is then the higher the risk of injury.  Two good discussions are presented on these sites:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/danger-zone--which-winter-olympic-sport-is-the-least-safe-221639351.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Danger zone: Which Winter Olympic sport is the least safe?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://uk.eonline.com/news/508562/2014-winter-olympics-the-definitive-ranking-of-events-from-most-exciting-to-barely-watchable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 Winter Olympics: The Definitive Ranking of Events, From Most Exciting to Barely Watchable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3261" LastEditorUserId="3261" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T17:41:53.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T17:41:53.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4044" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4078" CreationDate="2014-02-10T13:20:30.710" Score="6" ViewCount="991" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been Skateboarding for at least 5 years on and off now and I've started to gain an interest in snowboarding too. I was wondering, I'm aware of all the differences between skating and snowboarding but is there anything I can take from my skating and apply to Snowboarding that will give me a head start. I ask because I don't want to end up falling on my face on a downhill snow slope...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T01:48:18.697" Title="From Skateboarding to Snowboarding?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4042" CreationDate="2014-02-10T14:55:26.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a golf club strikes the ball out of the centre of the club face&#xA;  with the club path on the target line through impact, and the face&#xA;  square to target, the ball will move towards the target with no&#xA;  side-spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the same shot is played but the impact is towards the toe of the&#xA;  club, the club face will open slightly as a result, and side spin will&#xA;  be imparted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not entirely the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the tendency is for the face to open slightly as a result of impact toward the toe of the club, it is still possible to have the face square to target, meaning the ball will still move towards the target with no side-spin...albeit less backspin (and possibly less distance) because the ball didn't squarely make contact with the grooves, which is responsible for generating optimum spin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider how forgiving drivers are with their massive sweet spots. A shot in which impact is off-center will still produce a similar shot to a shot in which impact is on-center, all things equal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AJ Bonar of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ajgolf.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Truth About Golf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thesandtrap.com/b/training/aj_reveals_the_truth_about_golf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; presents the following suggestion as physics-based. As you are more versed in physics than I am, I suggest examining this approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Disclaimer: I do not endorse Bonar's approach. In fact, I was bored from &quot;The Truth About Golf&quot; and didn't watch the entire instruction. However, I found his following suggestion to be helpful to my golf game. &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonar suggests that the direction the grooves are facing, not the direction of the clubface (open/closed), is the primary factor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ever open/close your stance, hit a shot in which the swing path is parallel to your stance, and end up hitting the shot toward the line of your stance? This is because: 1) Your stance lined up in that direction. 2) The grooves were parallel to the ground when you made impact with the ball. Thus, resulting in a straight shot to the direction in which your stance was opened/closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider your address position. If you are standing too far away from the ball and make solid impact with the ball, what is the ball doing? The ball is most likely drawing because the grooves were leaning toward you at impact. Now, if you are standing too close to the ball, the ball is most likely fading because the grooves were leaning away from you at impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best illustration I can think of is of a golfer going &quot;over-the-top.&quot; Notice on the downswing how upright the club had become from address as a result of going over-the-top. The result from here is a slice or push-slice as the grooves were leaning away from the golfer at impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PhaAm.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Over-the-top Illustration&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;for a right handed golfer is the spin clockwise (ball path bends&#xA;  right) or anti-clockwise (ball path bends left).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my last few paragraphs, this depends on what direction your grooves are facing at impact. If your grooves are leaning toward you, the ball is spinning counter-clockwise (ball is drawing/hooking or bending left). If your grooves are leaning away from you, the ball is spinning clockwise (ball is fading/slicing or bending right). If your grooves are parallel to the ground at impact, there is no side-spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; NOTE: My answer is based on the right-handed golfer. &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have played golf for 15+ years, came across this several years ago, and came away with a better understanding of how to draw/fade shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T15:16:15.810" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T15:16:15.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4046" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-10T19:21:43.550" Score="8" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;My wife's made me watch a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of ice dancing in the past, and have no recollection of any reference to a &quot;twizzle&quot;.  This year, it seems like it's standard jargon that any enthusiast should know.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly is a &quot;twizzle&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="666" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T19:24:00.310" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T04:41:44.267" Title="What's a twizzle?" Tags="|terminology|olympics|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4046" CreationDate="2014-02-10T19:27:12.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A twizzle is when a skater executes a rotational turn with one foot while continuing to move across the ice simultaneously&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/what-s-a-twizzle--here-s-a-guide-to-the-figure-skating-term-024737991.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. This term is most common in ice dancing than other forms of ice skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T19:27:12.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4049" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-11T09:14:31.030" Score="9" ViewCount="3483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am proud to see that the Dutch athletes have now obtained Gold, Silver and Bronze for one event, and that even twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When trying to figure out whether this happened before, I found several occurrences of a country getting all medals for an event during the Summer Olympics. But has this ever happened before in the winter games? And has it ever happened twice in the same games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3284" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T17:11:38.770" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T17:45:45.597" Title="Gold, silver, and bronze medal sweep in Winter Olympics by a single country?" Tags="|history|trivia|statistics|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4088" CreationDate="2014-02-11T10:05:11.873" Score="5" ViewCount="683" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a very keen swimmer and always have been. I've trained up to a competitive standard, however due to lack of funding have never been able to compete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always struggled to keep track of how many lengths I have done. Does anyone have any creative or easy ways to help me remember? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-02-15T22:04:31.117" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T07:08:24.857" Title="Swimming - Best way to count lengths" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4051" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-11T13:59:15.470" Score="4" ViewCount="1469" Body="&lt;p&gt;In motorsport, it is the norm for drivers to customise their crash helmets; mostly to express their personality but sometimes to advertise their sponsors too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bobsleigh has some similarities with motor sports, not least the requirement to wear crash helmets. Unlike luge and skeleton (which both use specially designed helmets) bobsleigh appears to be use bike/car racing helmets. For the most part, bobsleigh drivers appear to simply race with a &quot;stock&quot; helmet showing no more than the helmet manufacturer or plain white - i.e. no personalisation. Where a design or pattern is used, this design seems to be  adopted by both the driver and the brakeman (so cannot be considered &quot;personal&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;Given that the sleds and the competitors' lycra suits are often customised (i.e. not just off the shelf), is there any particular reason for helmets not being customised too? Is there a rule that prevents this, for example?&lt;/s&gt; (Ben commented below to point out that this is not the case - helmets sometimes adopt these team colours too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear - I am asking why &lt;em&gt;personal&lt;/em&gt; helmets aren't used and my question isn't just limited to Olympic competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="737" LastEditDate="2014-02-17T14:28:20.087" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T14:28:20.087" Title="Why don't bobsleigh drivers customise their helmets like racing drivers do?" Tags="|equipment|bobsleigh|helmet|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4052" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-02-11T14:28:24.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bobsleigh&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T21:54:54.943" LastActivityDate="2020-08-18T21:54:54.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4053" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-02-11T14:28:24.300" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of bobsleigh." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T14:28:24.300" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T14:28:24.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4054" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11955" CreationDate="2014-02-11T14:31:08.720" Score="7" ViewCount="6914" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the winter Olympics, I notice that there is a bobsled event with two men per sled as well as a bobsled event with four men per sled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there strategical differences between two-man and four-man bobsled?&lt;/strong&gt; If so, what are they? I would imagine navigating the track would be slightly different due to less/extra weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T18:30:39.547" Title="Are there strategical differences between two-man and four-man bobsled?" Tags="|strategy|bobsleigh|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4098" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:06:48.850" Score="7" ViewCount="5096" Body="&lt;p&gt;In skeleton, participants run at the start, then dive onto their sled front-first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In luge, participants begin on their sleds, and use their hands to start before lying back-first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has been documented that skeleton is slower than luge (and bobsled)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/sports/olympics/16slide.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the technical differences between skeleton and luge?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-03-14T15:19:29.993" LastActivityDate="2014-03-14T15:19:29.993" Title="What are the technical differences between skeleton and luge?" Tags="|equipment|technique|skeleton|luge|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4056" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:07:14.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;skeleton&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T21:51:34.730" LastActivityDate="2020-08-18T21:51:34.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4057" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:07:14.633" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of skeleton." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T15:07:14.633" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T15:07:14.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4058" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:07:32.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;luge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T21:50:14.867" LastActivityDate="2020-08-18T21:50:14.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4059" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:07:32.587" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of luge." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T15:07:32.587" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T15:07:32.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4049" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:15:38.293" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the Sochi 2014 Winter Games, the Netherlands won gold, silver, and bronze in 4 different speed skating events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men's 5000m: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Kramer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sven Kramer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Blokhuijsen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jan Blokhuijsen&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorrit_Bergsma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jorrit Bergsma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men's 500m: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Mulder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michel Mulder&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Smeekens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jan Smeekens&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Mulder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ronald Mulder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men's 10000m: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorrit_Bergsma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jorrit Bergsma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Kramer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sven Kramer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_de_Jong&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bob de Jong&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women's 1500m: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorien_Ter_Mors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jorien ter Mors&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireen_W%C3%BCst&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ireen Wüst&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_van_Beek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lotte van Beek&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, the Netherlands were a powerhouse in speed skating this year.  Out of 36 medals total awarded in men's and women's (long track) speed skating, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2014_Winter_Olympics_medal_winners#Speed_skating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dutch skaters took home 23 of them&lt;/a&gt;.  They won at least one medal in every speed skating event, and won gold in both the men's and women's team pursuit events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not all that unusual for one country to sweep gold, silver, and bronze in a single event.  It happens on average perhaps once or twice per Winter Olympics.  In addition to the four events listed above at Sochi 2014, the USA swept &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_slopestyle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;men's slopestyle skiing&lt;/a&gt;, and France swept &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_ski_cross&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;men's ski cross&lt;/a&gt;.  No country did it at Vancouver 2010, but it happened twice in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2006_Winter_Olympics_medal_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Torino 2006&lt;/a&gt;, when the Austrians swept the men's slalom medals and the Germans took every medal in the women's singles luge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also not unheard of for one country to sweep two events in a single year.  The last time this happened was at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_1998_Winter_Olympics_medal_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nagano 1998&lt;/a&gt;, when Germany took every medal in both women's combined alpine skiing and women's 3000m speed skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Netherlands, however, is the first country to sweep four events in a single Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-24T15:56:10.800" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T15:56:10.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4061" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4062" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" Score="0" Body="Questions about helmets, or protective headgear worn by participants in several sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T15:29:26.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4055" CreationDate="2014-02-12T01:49:36.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sleds are much heavier in the skeleton, and thinner... where as you have a fiberglass sled in the luge and is designed so you put pressure on the runners to steer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3291" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T01:49:36.173" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4051" CreationDate="2014-02-12T06:22:41.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympics has strict rules against advertising on uniforms by athletes of all sports.  These are outlined in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Charter&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 50 (Advertising, Demonstrations, Propaganda).  This rule covers all sports.  On clothing and accessories worn during participation &quot;no form of publicity or propaganda, commercial or otherwise, may appear....&quot;  There is an exception for identification of the manufacturer of the equipment, but even this is limited by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the official &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/mm/Document/documentlibrary/Olympics/03/66/32/sochi-2014-2012-05-18--final-guidelines-regarding-authorised-identifications-rule-50-1_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Guidelines Regarding Authorised Identifications&lt;/a&gt; for the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games, the manufacturer's identification on bobsleigh and skeleton helmets is limited to 15 square centimeters on each side of the helmet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often in competitions other than the Olympics, you will see the athletes wearing helmets with sponsors prominently displayed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't think it is true that, in the Olympics, bobsleigh helmets are always plain white.  This is a photo of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauna_Rohbock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shauna Rohbock&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Rzepka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michelle Rzepka&lt;/a&gt; at the start of the bobsled run at the Vancouver 2010 winter games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q7qlp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Shauna Rohbock and Michelle Rzepka at Vancouver 2010&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why the team members wear the same helmets, I believe that in bobsleigh, the helmet is considered part of the uniform, and as a result, the helmets are uniform across the team.  This is different than in Le Mans team racing, where apparently, the helmet is not a part of the uniform, and the drivers each wear their own helmet.  This photo is the Gulf Racing Middle East team in 2012 before the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sNcPu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Gulf Racing Middle East team in 2012&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-13T16:26:01.660" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T16:26:01.660" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4066" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-12T07:00:17.727" Score="-3" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;Identify the Player shown in this photo?&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HXPXf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3292" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T07:54:47.027" Title="Identify the Player shown in this picture?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-02-12T14:18:14.553" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4049" CreationDate="2014-02-12T07:04:45.680" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I verified what Ben said using a database (&lt;a href=&quot;http://webscraping.com/data/default/database/54/winter-olympic-medal-count&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://webscraping.com/data/default/database/54/winter-olympic-medal-count&lt;/a&gt; and then cross-referencing the events at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/&lt;/a&gt;) and his recent answers are correct.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Before the Dutch multisweep listed, the last multisweeps by one country were:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Germany in 84 (speed skating &amp;amp; luge)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;USSR in 64 (skiing and speed skating)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Norway in 32 (nordic and ski jumping)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Norway in 28 (nordic and cross country ski)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Norway in 24 (nordic and cross country... same 3 guys in both)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So it dates back to at least 1932 for two sweep by one country in related sports , and I'm not sure even those are truly considered the same discipline.  So while sweeps and even double sweeps happen... this is the most dominating a team has been at a certain skill in at least the modern era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T17:45:45.597" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T17:45:45.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4066" CreationDate="2014-02-12T07:54:47.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This player is &lt;strong&gt;Mario Ančić&lt;/strong&gt;, a Croatian professional tennis player (now retired).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see its description &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_An%C4%8Di%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1276" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T07:54:47.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4049" CreationDate="2014-02-12T16:03:48.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is nice to mention that the Dutch speed skaters also had a &quot;single sweep&quot; before, in Nagano 1998, 10K men, with gold for Gianni Romme, Silver for Bob De Jong, and bronze for Rintje Ritsma. De Jong may well take his fourth 10K medal this Olympics, 16(!) years after his first. In a sense he also has a sweep, since his previous three 10K medals are gold (2006), silver (1998) and bronze (2010).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3294" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T16:03:48.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4042" CreationDate="2014-02-12T16:55:29.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is: anti-clockwise (for a right-handed &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is contrary to what seems (to me anyway) to be intuitively obvious. The mechanism at work is the same as two adjacent rotating gears - they rotate in opposite directions. Indeed, this phenomenon is known as the 'gear effect'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The club face rotates clockwise (opens) which imparts anti-clockwise spin to the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question should have been put better because this effect is only noticeable if the centre of mass of the club is well behind the face (like on a driver or wood). This is because the rotation of the club around the CoM causes the face to move right, pushing the back of the ball right, spinning it anti-clockwise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3282" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T16:55:29.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-13T08:56:23.657" Score="5" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware that when you are going skiing/snowboarding, it is important to refrain from wearing cotton. Most ski/snowboard socks that I've seen are made from merino wool. I was wondering about other textiles that can be used to produce snowboarding socks. One textile that I am curious about is hemp. Would hemp have enough wicking properties to keep you both warm and dry?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-13T14:05:57.467" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T15:10:06.560" Title="Ski/Snowboard Socks" Tags="|equipment|skiing|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4075" CreationDate="2014-02-13T15:03:41.607" Score="6" ViewCount="3362" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day the ping pong ball bounced to person 1's side of the table, bounced off his chest, then surprisingly bounced back on person 2's side of the table. Is that legal play or a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T23:04:58.937" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T23:04:58.937" Title="Is it legal for a table tennis ball to deflect off a person?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4074" CreationDate="2014-02-13T16:05:35.077" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4014/can-i-use-my-hand-to-hit-the-ball-on-table-tennis&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; answered previously. The ball cannot be hit by someone's chest - only their hand (that is holding the paddle) can contact the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who wins a point where the ball hits a player in the chest would depend on whether or not the ball had already gone over the edge boundary of the table yet or not. If the person was leaning over the table when the ball hit them in the chest - it would be their opponents point. It the ball had already gone past the edge of the table the point would go to the person that got hit in the chest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T16:05:35.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4076" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-13T19:29:20.683" Score="5" ViewCount="3557" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Spanish competition (La Liga), a player will be suspended after collecting five yellow cards. What happens if this player collects his fifth yellow card of a season, but in a cup match (Copa del Rey)? Will he also get suspended, or are these bookings counted separately? Is there any relationship between the different competitions regarding yellow cards? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3299" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T21:50:55.570" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T21:50:55.570" Title="Suspension across Spanish competitions?" Tags="|football|suspension|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3758" CreationDate="2014-02-13T22:24:12.070" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they aren't. Only shots during regulation/overtime count, including penalty shots&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Empt net goal also don't count, obviously, as the goalie isn't on the ice. Although every minute the goalie is off the ice affects his GAA as it isn't calculated by number of games played, but number of total minutes played divided by 60. If I goalie is only on the ice for 58 minutes it will slightly raise his GAA for the game. Likewise, playing overtime reduced the overal GAA as he would be playing more than 60 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a goalie who lets in 3 goals in in a regulation game would have a GAA of 3.00 (assuming he plays every minute). A goalie who lets in 3 goals and gets pulled for the whole 3rd period would have a GAA of 4.55. Likewise a goalie who plays in a triple overtime game and allows 3 goals in 112 minutes when the winning goal is scored would have a GAA of 1.61&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3300" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T22:24:12.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4044" CreationDate="2014-02-14T01:48:18.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been in the same position as you and hope I can shed some light on the subject:&#xA;I found that it wasn't super difficult to transfer over, but the major thing was the idea of bindings and boots. This is a major difference, as now your feet are attached to the board which will change you balance and how comfortable you are on a board. The technique is pretty similar with leaning and balance etc. Watch some videos online to decide what footing you are. If you are a proficient skater, you should have no real issue transferring over to snowboarding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would advise you to start on the short hills to promote safety and learn the ropes, and in all seriousness WEAR A HELMET! I know it isn't cool, but neither is having your brain scrambled! I received a severe concussion from snowboarding and it altered my life mentally and physically. I never wore a helmet when I would skate, but I was glad to have it that day on the slopes. &#xA;Keep it real and enjoy the slopes this season!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T01:48:18.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3654" CreationDate="2014-02-14T10:03:40.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in fact there is no simple answer to this question as this is the ultimate target for every squash player out there. However, if you follow some basic principles, such as good timing, good space from the ball while you hit and your position, you will feel that you will hit close to the wall eventually. Watch how Pro-squash players hit the ball (you can search youtube for low motion videos or slow the video down) and try to mimic them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, keep in mind that this is a life-long education, you will learn new everytime you train.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3302" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T10:03:40.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4008" CreationDate="2014-02-14T14:21:54.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The RFEF (Real Federación Española de Fútbol) officially announced that the Copa del Rey final for 2014 will be played in the &lt;strong&gt;Mestalla Stadium, Valencia&lt;/strong&gt; (home of Valencia FC).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97777/copa-del-rey-final-to-be-be-played-at-the-mestalla/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97777/copa-del-rey-final-to-be-be-played-at-the-mestalla/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T14:21:54.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2294" CreationDate="2014-02-14T16:46:27.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand your problem, that's common for all beginners.&#xA;There are some training exercises for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, FEEL THE BALL: Try to master all of these services: topspin, no spin, and backspin serve. By doing the serve yourself, you can feel the &quot;gesture&quot; of the serve; you can also feel the speed, the spin of this type of spin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, when you master the serving game, now, master the receive game. Ask your partner, at the same level of yours, to serve only topspin for 1 hour, only backspin for 1 hour, no spin for 1 hour, and you try to master your own return. Then finally mix them randomly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With these two exercises, you will soon decrease your weakness in the match-game. It takes time, but firstly try it slowly in the training session. Don't rush and you will succeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-14T23:39:11.043" LastActivityDate="2014-02-14T23:39:11.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4093" CreationDate="2014-02-14T17:53:05.880" Score="4" ViewCount="654" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember that figure skating used to be scored on a 6.0 scale.  After the skater was done with his or her routine, the judges would each rate the routine from 0.0 - 6.0, and the results from the judges were averaged together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watching the Sochi 2014 Men's Short program last night, I see that the scoring has completely changed.  The commentators mentioned that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yuzuru Hanyu&lt;/a&gt; set a new world record with his short program score of 101.45.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was the scoring changed for figure skating, and how is the new system different from the old system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-08T19:37:02.940" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T19:37:02.940" Title="How and why has figure skating scoring changed?" Tags="|rules|scoring|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4024" CreationDate="2014-02-15T00:14:19.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tension of a racket really matters !!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;high racket tension allows for more precise hitting, but requires more experience&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;low racket tension will give you more control. but with less accuracy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All has to do with the so called &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_spot_%28sports%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sweet spot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. The higher the tension, the smaller the sweet spot, the less likely for you to hit optimally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a racket has been restrung, tension usually drops a bit (0.5 - 1.0 kg), maintaining a steady tension afterwards. Restringing a racket (for me at least) only happens when one of the strings snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only experienced players or (semi)-professional players will notice a decline in racket tension. You shouldn't be worrying about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2014-02-15T00:14:19.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1748" CreationDate="2014-02-15T15:31:03.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hi there was just trying to check out the hand is part of the ball argument which I hold to although could not find specific definitions to proves this within th FIBA rules me living in england this is what we are goverened by I did find this though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES 2012 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule Six - Fouls (Page 37 of 80)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;33.11 Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) and/or arm(s) The touching of an opponent with a hand(s) is, in itself, not necessarily&#xA;  a foul. The officials shall decide whe ther the player who caused the&#xA;  contact has gained an advantage. If contact caused by a player in any&#xA;  way restricts the freedom of movement of an opponent, such contact is&#xA;  a foul. Illegal use of the hand(s) or extended arm(s) occurs when the&#xA;  defensive playe r is in a guarding position and his hand(s) or arm(s)&#xA;  is placed upon and remains in contact with an opponent with or without&#xA;  the ball, to impede his progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore it would seem it would be a referees decision to decided weather your contact to the players hand after knocking the ball through his hands impeding his ability to regather the ball or movement up the court or if it was incidental, I would hope it would be a no call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3307" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T13:43:42.290" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T13:43:42.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4050" CreationDate="2014-02-16T07:59:25.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use a tiny device similar to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.catskill-merino.com/blog/exercise&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9gae0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Lap counter&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You push the button at every turnaround. The device counts the lengths and records the time for each. You can view the times, as well as the average etc, at the of the session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the functions (e.g. pausing the clock) are a little awkward to use on my lap counter. However, I don't find this to be a major inconvenice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1997" LastEditorUserId="1997" LastEditDate="2014-02-16T08:05:16.263" LastActivityDate="2014-02-16T08:05:16.263" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-16T08:18:28.140" Score="10" ViewCount="1559" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ran an extremely windy half-marathon yesterday, and this got me thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In medium- to long-distance races (say 10km to a marathon), what are good strategies for dealing with strong headwind and crosswind?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, would running in a pack have helped?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1997" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-17T14:33:02.833" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T11:51:46.177" Title="Running in strong wind" Tags="|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-05-19T14:49:00.923" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2556" CreationDate="2014-02-16T20:22:12.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic equation is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;`Net run rate = (number of runs scored/number of overs faced) - (number of runs conceded/number of overs bowled)`&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A positive net run rate means a team is scoring faster than its opposition overall, while a negative net run rate means a team is scoring slower than the teams it has come up against. A positive NRR is therefore desirable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NRR is usually employed to rank teams that have finished a series or tournament on the same number of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&#xA;In the 2012 Indian Premier League (IPL), Pune Warriors scored 2321 runs off 319.2 overs and conceded 2424 runs off 310 overs. Pune Warriors' NRR is therefore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(2321/319.333) - (2424/310) = 7.268 - 7.819 = -0.551&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team is bowled out before completing their full quota of 20 or 50 overs (depending on whether it is a Twenty20 or one day match), that full quota is used in the net run rate calculation. For example, if the team batting first is bowled out for 140 after 35 overs of a 50-over game and the opposition reaches 141 in 32 overs, the NRR calculation for that match goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(140/50) - (141/32) = 4 - 4.406 = -0.406&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;New Zealand scores 1066 runs off 223 overs and conceded 974 runs off 238.2 overs. New Zealand's net run rate (NRR) is therefore calculated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(1066/223) - (974/238.333) = 4.780 - 4.086 = 0.694&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: 238.2 overs, meaning 238 completed overs and two further balls, was converted to 238.333 for the purposes of calculation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastActivityDate="2014-02-16T20:22:12.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3884" CreationDate="2014-02-17T00:41:43.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed skaters focus on one at a time. And there notable differences between single skating and pair skating that require a lot of time to practice. Often skaters switch from one discipline to another. Usually singles switch to either pair skating (if they cannot nail all triples for instance and in pairs they can focus on one or two) or dance (if they cannot jump or have very good skating skills). Of course these reasons are a bit stereotypical. Sometimes it is only about being able to position yourself better competitively. Famously Jane Torvill switched from singles to pairs to dance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3310" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T00:41:43.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4083" CreationDate="2014-02-17T01:01:49.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules changed after there was a judging scandal at the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City in the pairs event. Following this, it was decided that there needs to be more transparency and clarity in judging. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The technical score because the element score where all elements (jumps, spins, step sequences, dance segments) are scored separately. Each element is assigned a level of difficulty (jumps are exception). For instance a level two spin will have 8 revolutions in a difficult position while a level one spin will only have one of these feature. This is called by a technical panel of three people. Each called element is then judged on execution by the main panel of judges. For instance, an exceptionally high jump with a difficult entry and exit would bring more points than a jump landed on two legs from a standard entry. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second score are the components. These are judged on a scale of 0-10. There are 5 components (skating skills, transitions, performance, choreography, interpretation). This works like the old 6.0 system in that most judges probably use it as a ranking device (although there are guidelines on how to mark components). These are later multiplied by a weight (factor) and added to the element score. In men free skate at the Olympics all components have weight of 2 which means that skaters could obtain a maximum of 100 points here. In the short programme the weight was 1 so the maximum was 50. Ladies have lower weights. These weights were chosen such that skaters should care not only about doing the elements but also about the overall quality. In dance the weights are different for different components. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3310" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T01:01:49.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3844" CreationDate="2014-02-17T01:08:44.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could backward outside edges if you were on figure skates. Or just one leg pulls. With proper technique it would generate the most speed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3rd best is sculling I would say. And this one you can also do efficiently on hockey skates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3310" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T01:08:44.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4046" CreationDate="2014-02-17T01:23:54.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Twizzles need to be continuous in movement and in rotation. For instance in a single forward Twizzle, a skater would make a full rotation from forward to forward in either direction. The desired tracing on the ice would look like a tight double three turn (forward-backward-forward edge) and if the rotation would not be fluid it would be just this turn. In other words a Twizzle is a cross between a spin and a three turn. It is more fluid than consecutive three turns but neither centred nor loopy as a spin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3310" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T01:23:54.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4008" CreationDate="2014-02-17T13:11:26.987" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Copa_del_Rey_Final&amp;amp;oldid=595468651&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recent revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Copa_del_Rey_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 Copa del Rey Final&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The stadium will be determined on March 4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference given there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/2014/02/13/futbol/copa_rey/1392248737.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.marca.com/2014/02/13/futbol/copa_rey/1392248737.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not speak Spanish but using Google Translate I understood that the match will probably be played in Valencia, although the decision will not be official until the next meeting of the Board of the RFEF, scheduled for March 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T13:11:26.987" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-02-17T13:11:26.987" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4055" CreationDate="2014-02-17T15:45:35.800" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first glance, skeleton and luge look very similar.  Both sports involve people racing down the ice track on tiny sleds, the only obvious difference between them being that luge riders race on their backs, feet first, and skeleton riders race on their bellies, head first.  However, despite the fact that skeleton is head first, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4035/what-is-the-most-dangerous-sport-in-the-winter-olympics&quot;&gt;luge is the more dangerous&lt;/a&gt; of the two, and there are several differences between the two sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sleds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First is the sleds themselves.  A skeleton sled rides on top of tubular runners, and on the body side of the sled, there is a saddle to hold the rider in place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom of skeleton sled:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8KUkW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bottom of skeleton sled&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top of skeleton sled:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yWvQc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Top of skeleton sled&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A luge sled rides on top of steel blades that are much sharper than the tube blades of a skeleton sled.  This contributes to luge being faster than skeleton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luge sled:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K2WEc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Luge sled&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aerodynamics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason luge is faster than skeleton is aerodynamics.  The feet-first position is more aerodynamic than head-first, because the relatively flat front of the skeleton helmet introduces drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steering&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The steering is very different between the two sleds as well.  In skeleton, the rider has a very good view of what is going on.  The rider steers by flexing his body.  Because of the saddle, they have a lot of body contact with the sled, and have a lot of control with small movements.  When they nudge their head a little, their body responds, and the sled responds as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luge is much harder to control.  A luge rider lays on top of the sled, and there is no saddle holding them to the sled.  Laying feet first, it is much harder to see where you are going, and there is less body contact due to the lack of a saddle.  The runners of a luge sled are bowed up at the front and contact the riders legs.  Steering is done by a combination of pushing on the runners with your legs and flexing the sled with your shoulders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luge also has a 2-man variety as well.  Typically, the 2-man luge is slower because they start further down on the track, but it is much harder to steer because the man on top is the only one that can see, but the man on the bottom is the one that is most able to contribute to the steering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The races are started differently.  In skeleton, the rider starts running with the sled at the top of the track and belly flops on to the sled.  For luge, the rider starts sitting on the sled, and grabs handles attached to the track on either side.  He pulls the handles to start the sled moving, then pushes the ice on either side of the sled at the start of the race using spiked gloves, before laying back and assuming the race position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.shape.com/blogs/shape-your-life/luge-vs-skeleton-racing-whats-difference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shape: Luge vs. Skeleton Racing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slate.com/blogs/five_ring_circus/2014/02/15/sochi_2014_sliding_sports_skeleton_is_fast_but_luge_is_faster.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Slate: They're both sliding on ice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/snow-sports/luge.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How Stuff Works: How Luge Works&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T16:20:06.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4679" CreationDate="2014-02-17T16:04:53.607" Score="2" ViewCount="1984" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on this statement, found &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4098/527&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Typically, the 2-man luge is slower because they start further down on&#xA;  the track, but it is much harder to steer because the man on top is&#xA;  the only one that can see, but the man on the bottom is the one that&#xA;  is most able to contribute to the steering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does the bottom participant steer in two-man luge?&lt;/strong&gt; Since the top participant is the only one that can see down the track, how does the bottom participant know when to steer and in what direction? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice there are handles from the top participant's suit the bottom participant grabs onto...does this have any significant effect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T22:42:04.307" Title="How does the bottom participant steer in two-man luge?" Tags="|technique|luge|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4100" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4101" CreationDate="2014-02-17T16:11:08.443" Score="3" ViewCount="1552" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In skeleton, the rider starts running with the sled at the top of the track and belly flops on to the sled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this is the case, &lt;strong&gt;how does a skeleton athlete sprint at the top of the track without slipping?&lt;/strong&gt; The top of the track contains ice like the rest of the track, but skeleton athletes can sprint as if the ice is not an issue. Does this have to do with footwear or the ice profile at the top of the track not being prone to slipping?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T16:26:25.630" Title="How does a skeleton athlete sprint at the top of the track without slipping?" Tags="|equipment|skeleton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4100" CreationDate="2014-02-17T16:20:48.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Due to brush spikes on the soles of skeleton footwear, which are required to be worn by athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.britishskeleton.co.uk/the-sport/the-equipment/footwear/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;British Skeleton web site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pZXz9m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HYkL8m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Skeleton footwear&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all races, athletes are required to wear these brush spikes.&#xA;  They’re called brush spikes because they look like a brush or broom,&#xA;  with more than 300 needle-like spikes on the soles. These spikes grip&#xA;  the ice at the start of the race so that the athlete can push their&#xA;  sled with maximum power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spikes are better for skeleton than the spikes on an athletics&#xA;  shoe (which has fewer, larger spikes) because they do less damage to&#xA;  the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1997" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-17T16:26:25.630" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T16:26:25.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4076" CreationDate="2014-02-17T16:52:39.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;La Liga and the Copa Del Rey are considered separate competitions, Ronaldo recently picked up a 3 game ban in La Liga against Bilbao but was able to play (and score) in the semi finals against Atl. Madrid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T16:52:39.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4050" CreationDate="2014-02-17T19:59:23.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two ways I used to do it was count in pairs, so only 2, 4, 6, 8 etc. That makes it much easier to keep track. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The better way I started to use when I was doing distance swims was to count the distance instead of the number of lengths. So if I was doing 1500m in a 25m pool then 60 lengths are really easy to loose track on, just 25, 50, 75 is easier. Or couple these together and do it 50, 100, 150 etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a while you just get used to counting anyway and will do it subliminally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2088" LastActivityDate="2014-02-17T19:59:23.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-02-18T00:28:43.307" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two main tips (note that I used to run in Wellington, NZ which is famed for both its hills and its wind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, a headwind is basically a hill you can't see - treat it that way. Techniques like small, quick steps to preserve momentum are most useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, for a sufficiently strong wind you can draft off people. Tuck in behind someone in front and let them tack the brunt of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, I don't think a pack would have helped. Packs are about water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside, I once did the headwind trick in a race. It was the 10km of a tri and I'm very much a back-of-the-packer. I was tussling with one guy with the lead changing a lot. This was in Wellington and very windy that day so I gave up and just huddled behind him until we rounded the last headland. Then I just pulled past him and cross the line in front.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="333" LastEditorUserId="333" LastEditDate="2014-02-18T19:37:48.177" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T19:37:48.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4131" CreationDate="2014-02-18T05:47:44.417" Score="2" ViewCount="1433" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always thought that if an expiring contract was included by some draft picks in a trade proposal, it seems attractive to a receiving team. Is it just about draft picks? Or there is another benefits in acquiring a huge expiring contract like Emeka Okafor's contract?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3314" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:47:04.237" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:47:04.237" Title="In NBA, what is/are the benefit(s) of a team that will acquire an expiring contract?" Tags="|nba|acquisition|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4110" CreationDate="2014-02-18T11:11:02.180" Score="2" ViewCount="3822" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Three players from the batting side will be selected to bat in the&#xA;  super-over. If the batting side loses two wickets, their innings&#xA;  will end. One player from the fielding team will be selected for bowling the super over.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://iplt20wiki.com/about-super-over-super-over-in-ipl/3036/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;- iplT20wiki.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for copying from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/2544/753&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team wants a player to bowl the super over and also to face the super over. Is it possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, for example, if RCB selects Chris Gayle and some other player to face the super over, will Gayle allowed to bowl the super over when the opponents come to face it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T20:28:24.753" Title="Can a team use a player for both bowling and batting in super over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4108" CreationDate="2014-02-18T11:58:34.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course Yes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no rule that decides which players can be picked for bowling/batting in the Super Over. &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It's entirely left to the Captain's discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T11:58:34.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4108" CreationDate="2014-02-18T12:14:29.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt; a team can use the same player for both bowling and batting in a super over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699332977_153.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;APPENDIX 7&lt;sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;PDF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for one over eliminator. There is no such rule that a team &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; use the same player for both bowling and batting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This even happened in the T20I match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2012/engine/match/533292.html?view=tiebreaker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;West Indies and New Zealand&lt;/a&gt; in the T20I world cup 2012. Where Marlon Samuels bowled the super over then batted with Chris Gayle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T12:14:29.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4111" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4123" CreationDate="2014-02-18T14:43:31.417" Score="6" ViewCount="6482" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where would one start when trying to learn to spin a bowling ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen people bring the bowling bowl up into their elbow (inner part), then somehow manage to put a spin on it completely with the whole arm, while having it run straight..then at the end spin hard. No luck in my recent attempts though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice other than keep practicing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:08:27.947" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T18:50:19.500" Title="How to spin in Bowling?" Tags="|technique|bowling|spin|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4106" CreationDate="2014-02-18T16:31:21.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of advantages. If the player is a restricted free agent at the end of the season, the player has little ability to sign with another team. That's because the team he was on when the contract ended can match the offer he accepts from another team in order to retain him. &#xA;I know in some cases a player at the end of his contract may be acquired to make a push for a championship that season. It can also be to free up money for the following season. &#xA;There could be multiple reasons for acquiring a player at the end of his contract. In the case Emeka Okafor I'm not sure since I do not follow basketball too close. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3318" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T16:31:21.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4049" CreationDate="2014-02-18T16:37:49.220" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a full overview of all the sweeps in the Winter Olympics at this site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bsports.com/iotd/sochi-winter-olympics-sweeping-history&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bsports.com/iotd/sochi-winter-olympics-sweeping-history&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;However, it hasn't updated (yet) for the latest 2 sweeps of The Netherlands.&#xA;Based on this, for The Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Total sweeps: 41&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2 sweeps by 1 country: 3 Norway, 1 West Germany, 1 Sovjet Union, 1 Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 sweeps by 1 country: none&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 sweeps by 1 country: 1 The Netherlands (of which one Sweep Plus, having placed 1, 2, 3 &lt;strong&gt;and 4&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I've not found any record of Sweep Pluses, however at least in Speed Skating, it has never happened before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3319" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T16:37:49.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4049" CreationDate="2014-02-18T16:41:15.720" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;See this link. Four times at winter only done by Netherlands. Maximum of other country is 2.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://olympstats.com/2014/02/13/medal-sweeps-at-the-winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://olympstats.com/2014/02/13/medal-sweeps-at-the-winter-olympics/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3320" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T16:41:15.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4420" CreationDate="2014-02-19T07:03:25.837" Score="13" ViewCount="7420" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A is with the ball and attacking.&#xA;Team B is the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can team B play an advantage on an offside by team A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="3543" LastEditDate="2014-04-08T14:50:19.517" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T00:26:32.587" Title="Advantage played on offside" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4116" CreationDate="2014-02-19T07:29:00.717" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is the referee's discretion to respond to the linesman's flag and stop play or to play on if advantage is apparent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3325" LastActivityDate="2014-02-19T07:29:00.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2317" CreationDate="2014-02-19T12:57:04.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its a hat trick for the match not matches. What next someone on 99 not out will get a single next game and claim a 100? Similarly, a hat trick doesn't count for multiple matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3327" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-19T13:17:34.280" LastActivityDate="2014-02-19T13:17:34.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4126" CreationDate="2014-02-19T20:33:42.077" Score="10" ViewCount="25376" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympics has five different alpine (downhill) skiing events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Downhill&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slalom&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Giant Slalom&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Giant Slalom (Super-G)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Combined&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between these different events?  I know that the number and spacing of the gates are different. Is that all it is, or is there more to it than that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-02-19T20:44:01.953" LastActivityDate="2022-02-14T06:55:41.530" Title="What are the differences between the alpine skiing events?" Tags="|rules|olympics|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4111" CreationDate="2014-02-19T23:42:01.253" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprised there wasn't more attention in the post edmastermind29 gave when they discuss buying a bowling ball.&#xA;There is a huge difference in bowling ball types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you pick up a ball that the lanes provide for you to use at the bowling alley... they are (covered with) plastic.&#xA;Those balls are not designed to hook much, and without extreme techniques, you won't be able to do anything to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Balls you purchase from the pro shop are generally covered with something that grips much more strongly.  A reactive resin ball, drilled with a fingertip grip (and an asymmetric core)... is a pretty common setup you'll find when purchasing your own.  They sell plastic balls as well, but really only for picking up spares (where you want it to be straighter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the extreme techniques to hook a plastic ball?&#xA;The only way I know to get good hook on plastic (polyester) balls is to take the thumb out of the bowling ball (or hold it with no fingers in the ball whatsoever).  Then, when you are just nearing the last part of the walkup, twist it violently sideways with your wrist to get it spinning [picture if your hand (palm up) were under someone's hand, and then you quickly tried to slap the top of their hand).  If you can get that type of sideways twist on the ball right before throwing it, it will hook... but it's very hard to control because you don't have much grip on the ball.&#xA;With a reactive ball like you'd purchase at a store, it really is just about throwing the ball straight (bowl as if you are trying to shake hands with the pins), and then the ball does all the work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a video about bowling ball types that is fairly interesting: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDUl1512EaY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDUl1512EaY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/bowling-ball-coverstock-classifications&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/bowling-ball-coverstock-classifications&lt;/a&gt; also goes into more details on the coverings used for bowling balls.  Basically, if it isn't plastic, it should naturally hook some.  It's not a skill as much as it is the equipment, unless you have someone bowling two-fingered (does occasionally happen, but no pros bowl that way that I know of).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2014-02-19T23:42:01.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3887" CreationDate="2014-02-20T11:39:00.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who holds the decision to declare Man of the Match/Man of the Series/ Tournament award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases, the panel of TV pundits and commentators chosen for the series act as the jury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How the Man of the match is decide when there are equivalent performance from two players in the same match ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, preference is given to the best match-winning effort, but there have been a number of awardees from the losing side too, by virtue of an extraordinary one-man role. Sometimes, the fielding accomplishments of the players are also considered. Joint winners have also been selected, like  HH Gibbs and RT Ponting in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238200.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &quot;greatest game ever&quot; &lt;/a&gt; in 2006 between Australia and South Africa. Thus, there are &lt;strong&gt;no ICC rules&lt;/strong&gt; in this regard and the decision is purely subjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3325" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T11:39:00.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-02-20T11:57:53.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64787.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; India vs West Indies game in Rajkot,2002&lt;/a&gt; was stopped amidst security threats after chuckers started attacking players with water bottles and sandbags. India won by 81 runs by virtue of D/L method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155923.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Relevant CricInfo article. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The India vs Sri Lanka game in Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi, 2009 due to dangerous pitch conditions. The series had already been won by India and the two captains agreed to a draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvsl2009/content/story/441532.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; Kotla Pitch Fiasco &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3325" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T11:57:53.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4122" CreationDate="2014-02-20T15:16:47.080" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There some more differences: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slalom and giant slalow are technical events, super-G and downhill are speed events. Super combined, as the name implies, combines runs of slalom and downhill.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Downhill and super-G events have one run, slalom and giant slalom events have two runs - different courses on the same ski run.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even the skis are different. Slalom skis are shorter and narrower, the better to manoeuvre quickly through gates which are close together without catching a tip on a gate. Giant slalom skis are longer and wider, but still not as long and wide as downhill skis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slalom skiers need more protection - helmets, face guards, hand guards, and shin pads are compulsory. The extra equipment lets slalom skiers physically knock the poles out of the way as they pass, a special technique known as blocking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T15:16:47.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4127" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4129" CreationDate="2014-02-20T15:58:34.503" Score="8" ViewCount="950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the two big games in the Champions League this week and both of the games were spoiled by the red cards (the card in the City-Barca game was a clear red as it was a clear clear goal scoring opportunity whereas the Arsenal-Bayern game was not so clear cut). &#xA;It got me thinking;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1: when was the rule around clear goal scoring opportunities introduced and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2: was there a case that made them introduce it? I'm thinking something like when they clamped down on tackles from behind because it was this kind of tackle that forced Marco Van Basten into early retirement or Lampard's goal in the 2010 World Cup which got a debate on goal line technology going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T22:42:57.890" Title="Red card for clear goal scoring opportunity" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3903" CreationDate="2014-02-20T16:10:08.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/neymar-cleared-of-fraud-barcelona-transfer-investigation-corruption-trial-a7719031.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona have been charged with tax fraud&lt;/a&gt; over the Neymar transfer by a Spanish court and there could be further charges of misappropriation of funds brought against them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-22T12:00:29.980" LastActivityDate="2017-08-22T12:00:29.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4127" CreationDate="2014-02-20T17:40:31.213" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This rule was first issued to the Football League referees prior to the 1982-83 season.&#xA;FIFA instructed its referees to send off for this kind of foul prior to the 1990 World Cup.&#xA;IFAB(International Football Association Board) incroporated this law in 1997.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The concept gained notoriety in association football after an infamous incident in the 1980 FA Cup Final when Willie Young of Arsenal committed a deliberate foul on Paul Allen of West Ham, when Allen had a clear run at goal. As the laws of the game stood, the referee (George Courtney) could only award West Ham a free kick, which he did. This provoked a national debate on deliberate fouls that denied opponents the chance to score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_foul&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WikiPedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtube.com/watch?v=gKemltpQMgA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3332" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-02T22:42:57.890" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T22:42:57.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4116" CreationDate="2014-02-20T17:43:09.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Addition to @rajat's answer: it usually happens in the case where the attacker actually doesn't even run to the ball, or the ball going too fast/high for the attacker to get to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is however unusual that there is much of an &quot;advantage&quot; in that, as it's  rare that the defending team suddenly gets into an attacking position which would justify playing an &quot;advantage&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally referee blows the whistle as soon as he sees the linesman's raised flag, as late offside calls are tricky for both attackers and defenders. If the flag is slightly delayed and the defending team is not being threatened by the attack anymore, the ref may choose to &lt;em&gt;not stop&lt;/em&gt; the game for the sake of flow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T17:43:09.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4106" CreationDate="2014-02-20T21:32:17.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pretty much all about clearing &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q100&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;salary cap room&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sometimes teams get locked into long-term financial commitments from&#xA;  which they later want to extricate themselves. Typically this is when&#xA;  they have players with expensive, long-term contracts, but have no&#xA;  real hope of competing for a title before those contracts run out.&#xA;  These teams usually have little hope of having cap room to sign free&#xA;  agents, and may be facing large luxury tax payments as well (see&#xA;  question number 21). But if such a team were to trade a high-salaried&#xA;  player for a player with a similar (or even higher) salary who is in&#xA;  the last year of his contract, then they would be able to rid&#xA;  themselves of that financial obligation the following summer. This&#xA;  could get the team below the tax level, or possibly create enough cap&#xA;  room with which to sign a productive free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T21:32:17.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4135" CreationDate="2014-02-22T18:54:45.493" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen Russia lose its match in the Olympics (2014). From the commentators on the television, I was informed that many of them play in the NHL and are millionaires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many do play in the NHL and are in fact millionaires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-02-23T00:03:17.173" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T00:03:17.173" Title="Russian National Ice-Hockey Team" Tags="|olympics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4134" CreationDate="2014-02-22T19:11:01.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;How many do play in the NHL?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The roster consists of 25 players total for the Russian Men's National ice hockey team. Of those 25 players, 16 of them are in the NHL. The remaining 9 play in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Superleague (KHL)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;How many are millionaires?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I guess this is a tough question to answer. Most likely, all of them are millionaires to some degree. Certain players like Malkin, Ovechkin, etc., certainly are making &lt;em&gt;way&lt;/em&gt; more money than most of their other teammates. But, if you take a look at the players' Wiki pages, contract information is generally given there about each one. The players in the KHL's contract information doesn't appear on their Wiki pages as often; however, I remember one of the announcers rambling on about how much money &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Radulov#Return_to_KHL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Radulov makes in the KHL&lt;/a&gt; ($9.2m/year), and considering the popularity of the sport in Russia, it's probably a safe bet to say all the players on their Olympic squad are millionaires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastActivityDate="2014-02-22T19:11:01.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-22T23:06:07.053" Score="7" ViewCount="678" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Super Bowl this year Denver was called for a false start on the very first play of the game. The ref clearly stated the false start happened before the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was the play allowed to continue? A false start penalty is a dead ball penalty, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, the Broncos should have been penalized 5 yards and kept the ball. No safety allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3338" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T00:38:44.413" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T00:38:44.413" Title="False Start penalty clarification" Tags="|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4136" CreationDate="2014-02-23T00:01:47.353" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Denver was not penalized for a false start; they were penalized for illegal motion. The referee's hand signal is the same for both (hands rotating around each other).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014020200/2013/POST22/seahawks@broncos#menu=highlights&amp;amp;tab=analyze&amp;amp;analyze=playbyplay&quot;&gt;official play-by-play&lt;/a&gt; reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(14:53) (Shotgun) 18-P.Manning Aborted. 66-M.Ramirez FUMBLES at DEN 14, recovered by DEN-27-K.Moreno at DEN -8. 27-K.Moreno tackled in End Zone, SAFETY (56-C.Avril). Penalty on DEN-18-P.Manning, Illegal Motion, declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A false start is called when &quot;an offensive player &#xA;who has assumed a set position charges or moves in such a way as to simulate the start of a play, or if an offensive player who is in motion makes a sudden movement toward the line of scrimmage.&quot; (NFL Rules &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/10_2013_BallInPlay_DeadBall_Scrimm.pdf&quot;&gt;7.4.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Illegal motion (which is not a dead-ball foul) is called when an offensive player is moving forward at the snap or is never set for one second at any point before the snap (NFL Rules 7.4.7).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Peyton Manning was moving towards the line to call an audible when the ball was snapped; but since he was not simulating a snap, it was an illegal motion and not a false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T00:01:47.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4138" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-23T14:35:44.773" Score="1" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard this is the first team to win back to back gold medals in hockey in the last 26 years. Does that deserve the title of &quot;dynasty&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastActivityDate="2014-11-04T21:30:04.380" Title="Can Canada now be called an Olympic hockey dynasty?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-11-07T15:45:00.357" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4138" CreationDate="2014-02-23T15:47:55.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the time a 'dynasty' refers to a team that has once consistently over a long period of time. Canadian hockey has indeed dominated the international ice for the past decade and become a superpower in the sport. It would be fair to say that their team is running the show when it comes to international ice time, but not necessarily a dynasty, as in competitions they have not always come out on top. It just happens that over the past six years they have built up an extremely strong team. If their streak continues into the next winter olympics, the world 'dynasty' would indeed be used to describe Canada's team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T15:47:55.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4144" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-24T17:28:58.817" Score="7" ViewCount="4964" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning the technique for making shots in basketball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do you make the ball go forward to the hoop?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After following all the advice I found so far, I can shoot beautifully in front of the hoop. When I get further away, for example free throws, the advice falls short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the key points for shooting technique I found so far. What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Feet shoulder width apart, square to the basket or slightly open, depending on the player.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bend your knees and jump using your legs to give the upward power to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do not throw the ball with your arm. It will be inconsistent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Land the same place you jumped, make a straight up and down jump.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hold the ball with one hand under and the other on the side to guide the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keep your elbow in and straight below the ball pointing to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As you reach the top of your jump, let your arm extend upward and release the ball at the top. Your wrist should snap or flop, which gives the ball a backward rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shoot the ball with a high angle because that exposes the largest opening of the hoop.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;End your shot with your arm up and your wrist down like you are reaching for the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see two possibilities for making the ball go forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You push the ball forward with your arm near the top of the jump.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The snapping motion of your arm at the top of the jump works like the serve in tennis where you throw the racket up and when your arm extends it whips forward like a rope.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you push the ball forward during your jump, wouldn't you land a little behind where you started?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3347" LastEditorUserId="1954" LastEditDate="2014-02-26T16:18:00.560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T23:28:42.893" Title="Basketball shooting technique: what makes the ball go forward?" Tags="|basketball|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4073" CreationDate="2014-02-24T20:57:33.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have already answered your own question. Anything that keeps you dry will keep you warm. There are other fibers you can try like Bamboo or synthetics if you don't like wool. I am unsure if I've ever seen a hemp sock, sounds a little scratchy to me. Cotton is just the worst because it gets so soggy. I prefer the thinnest material possible in general because boots are so well made that all i'm looking for is an ability to wick away sweat without costing me circulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;good luck&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3349" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T20:57:33.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16170" CreationDate="2014-02-24T22:07:38.193" Score="6" ViewCount="3358" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only been playing table tennis/ping-pong for about ~3 months now at work. Some of these guys are brutal when it comes to spin. While I have gotten a lot better at handling top/bottom spin, I am still trying to get a handle on some of the side spins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I started off with a nice paddle but it had a lot of spin control and I was just shooting the balls all over the place. I swapped to a cheaper, lower end paddle with a lower spin control rating and it was working very well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did a bit of research on paddles, techniques, etc. and found that rubber with no spin control could be used to return the ball with the original spin so the opponent has to deal with the spin. I decided my strategy was to use a paddle with no spin control and work on my angles and attacks. This way I'm not always trying to defend against spin. It was working out very well and I started to win some games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, I cleaned my paddle. Now the rubber is tacky and I have the same issue, defending against spin. I've tried wiping my finger oils on the rubber, I've tried olive oil (which I just found out does the opposite of what I wanted!) and even tried dusting it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I get my rubber to &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be sticky/tacky again? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3350" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T03:22:55.783" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T03:22:55.783" Title="How do I make my table tennis paddle's rubber less sticky?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2142" CreationDate="2014-02-25T07:02:00.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket commentators read out the score so that people know what the score is. It's part and parcel of good fundamental sports commentary - reminding the viewer/listener how the game is progressing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if there was actually a time where the score was not given by an announcer at frequent intervals. For a fast scoring game like cricket (compared to, sy, the 0-0 draws of soccer) it's a bit of a given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1841" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T07:02:00.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4036" CreationDate="2014-02-25T09:10:06.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course, yes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best example for your question is match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/65272.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;South Africa VS Sri Lanka in 2003 world cup&lt;/a&gt; which was actually tied game under D/L method which eventually made South Africa to get eliminated from the tournament in group stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-25T09:38:05.207" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T09:38:05.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4156" CreationDate="2014-02-25T09:11:40.063" Score="3" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know who got the man of the series award for the India vs New Zealand test match series 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find that in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-india-2014/engine/match/667653.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T04:07:12.157" Title="Who was the man of the series for the India vs New Zealand test match series 2014?" Tags="|cricket|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4154" CreationDate="2014-02-25T11:06:29.000" Score="2" ViewCount="3288" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the IPL auction, we know the amount that teams bought the players for and they will be paid according to that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I couldn't find the amount that retained players are to be paid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not available in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2014_auction/content/site/ipl2014_auction/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this list&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who determines the amount retained players will be paid in the IPL? Is it negotiable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-24T07:05:08.440" Title="How much are retained players supposed to be paid in the IPL?" Tags="|cricket|finances|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4152" CreationDate="2014-02-25T17:23:42.203" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For retained players the salary cap will be charged as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For Capped Players&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 12.5 crores for the first capped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 9.5 crores for the second capped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 7.5 crores for the third capped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 5.5 crores for the fourth capped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 4 crores for the fifth capped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For Uncapped Players&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rs. 4 crores for each uncapped Player so retained&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/news/2013/announcements/4248/pepsi-ipl-2014-player-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3357" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-16T10:52:43.057" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T10:52:43.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4150" CreationDate="2014-02-25T17:34:43.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They have not awarded a man of the series award.&#xA;Look at the commentary of awards presentation. Only MoM is awarded. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-india-2014/engine/match/667653.html?innings=4;page=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-india-2014/engine/match/667653.html?innings=4;page=2;view=commentary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3357" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T17:34:43.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4150" CreationDate="2014-02-26T05:38:31.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bcci.tv/match/nz-ind-2014/07&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BCCI.TV&lt;/a&gt; Brendon McCullum was declared man of the series. Go to &lt;em&gt;Match Home&lt;/em&gt; tab -&gt; In the commentary box, search for &quot;Man of the Series&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it is clearly written: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Man of the Series&lt;/strong&gt;: Brendon McCullum&quot;. See the screenshot here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bCnXW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Click to zoom!&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bCnXW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Man of the Series:&quot; title=&quot;Click to zoom!&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T04:07:12.157" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T04:07:12.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2014-02-26T09:32:51.893" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;the law lbw means the ball pitch in line of the stumps.and it hits the stumps  It does not matter  the batrman played it with right handed or left handed. If in the opinion of the umpire ball hits wicket must be given out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3358" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T09:32:51.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4158" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-26T11:01:06.023" Score="4" ViewCount="7338" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman hit the ball and hits the ball while going to the wicket if he stops the ball by the bat he is out or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3359" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T09:08:18.393" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T10:57:31.367" Title="Is it allowed to hit the ball twice to save the wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4160" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-26T18:14:12.677" Score="4" ViewCount="1161" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a Bowler has bowled 100 balls in his career and has taken 0 wickets, then what is his bowling strike rate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3362" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T06:41:54.003" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T06:59:19.857" Title="How the strike rate is calculated if the bowler has not taken any wicket?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4162" CreationDate="2014-02-26T20:02:06.090" Score="14" ViewCount="7217" Body="&lt;p&gt;If two players have exactly the same number of points in the ATP ranking, what further criteria are used to determine which of them will be higher in the ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware of the fact that this is not very probably to happen among top players, where the point differences are larger, but this is bound to happen for players with lower rankings and less points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx?d=24.02.2014&amp;amp;r=1&amp;amp;c=#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;current ATP ranking&lt;/a&gt; the players number 78 and 79 have the same number of points (662). So do the players ranked 80 and 81 (in this case, they have 661 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iGk4M.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T10:57:18.610" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T10:57:18.610" Title="What tie-breaker is used in the ATP ranking, when two players have the same number of points?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4161" CreationDate="2014-02-26T20:42:38.973" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 ATP Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, 9.03 (Emirates ATP Rankings), Section E lists three different tie breakers in the event that players have the same total number of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;E. Ties. When two or more players have the same total number of points, ties shall be &#xA;  broken as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) the most total points from the Grand Slams, ATP World Tour Masters 1000 mandatory tournaments and Barclays ATP World Tour Finals main draws, and if still &#xA;  tied, then,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) the fewest events played, counting all missed Grand Slams, ATP World Tour &#xA;  Masters 1000 tournaments and Barclays ATP World Tour Finals they could have &#xA;  played (as described under A. above) as if played, and if still tied, then,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) the highest number of points from one single tournament, then, if needed, the &#xA;  second highest, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, let's look at the players currently ranked #78 and #79.  Both &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Somdev-K-Devvarman.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Somdev Devvarman&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Alejandro-Falla.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alejandro Falla&lt;/a&gt; have 662 total points.  So the first tie breaker is the total points from Grand Slams, ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals.  This information is available on the ATP site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Somdev-K-Devvarman.aspx?t=rb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Somdev Devvarman ratings breakdown&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y4Wop.png&quot; alt=&quot;Somdev Devvarman ratings breakdown&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Alejandro-Falla.aspx?t=rb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alejandro Falla ratings breakdown&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iqqYy.png&quot; alt=&quot;Alejandro Falla ratings breakdown&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the tie breaker, Devvarman has 195 points, and Falla has 155 points, so Devvarman is currently ranked ahead of Falla.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T20:42:38.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4160" CreationDate="2014-02-27T01:31:34.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not applicable, or sometimes '-' in the column where the number would otherwise be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question will most likely head in the same direction...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T01:31:34.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4158" CreationDate="2014-02-27T01:33:36.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are allowed to defend your wicket. What you cannot do is try to score runs with the second hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T01:33:36.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3960" CreationDate="2014-02-27T01:44:39.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bowler may be presented with the ball at the end of the innings, as a trophy for his achievement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, he would recieve an extra ball - in another sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T01:44:39.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-27T01:58:10.547" Score="5" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;I swear I saw this on Transworld Sport about twenty years ago. It was a tennis-like game, using a football (soccer) ball. The players had to stay on their bikes, doing wheelies to catch the ball and flick it back. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never seen it since. The closest I could find was more like polo (with bikes and footballs). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely someone else has seen it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I wanted to create tags sport-identification and obscure, but don't have the points.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-08-16T17:46:05.057" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T17:46:05.057" Title="What's the name of the sport that has people on bicycles flipping a football with their wheels?" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3478" CreationDate="2014-02-27T02:09:45.313" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it is often unpleasant to read the intense legal documents that are sports rules, I will put it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball has to finish up on the table, or in a pocket, for a shot to be legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I once had a pot hit the corner pocket too hard - sending the ball up onto the cushion rail. It raced along said rail before plunging delightfully into the side (middle) pocket. I knew it was OK in snooker, and the TD said it was fine in USA 9 ball too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:09:45.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3876" CreationDate="2014-02-27T02:27:02.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this does happen in both Bank Pool and One Pocket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.onepocket.org/BankPoolRules.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;section 5 of the bank pool rules&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.2 Any scratch or foul ends the shooter’s inning, and a penalty of one ball is charged. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:27:02.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2142" CreationDate="2014-02-27T02:43:59.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The score changes a lot in cricket, so you would mention it more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also serves as an excellent punctuation, to tell everyone there are commercials coming up - what better way for a commentator to close a section of airtime than reporting the current score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:43:59.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1926" CreationDate="2014-02-27T02:52:48.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were eight ball overs in Australia for a long time, but they went to six sometime last century (yes, rather vague I know). South Africa had eight at one time as well, I learned this recently while watching an SA test match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all seems to be six now, in the full 11-player forms of the game anyway. &#xA;The only modern variations I have ever seen have always been when Billy Bowden was standing at the bowler's end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T02:52:48.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4160" CreationDate="2014-02-27T04:12:01.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case the strike-rate column for bowler would be mentioned as either &quot;-&quot; or &quot;NA&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T04:12:01.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4160" CreationDate="2014-02-27T05:06:08.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowling strike rate means number of balls needed to bowl for a bowler to take a wicket. We can only find the bowling strike rate of that bowler after he takes a single wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the bowling strike rate is undefined. It will be mentioned as &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt; in his carrier profile. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/43906.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hashim Amla&lt;/a&gt;'s profile. His bowling strike rate and average for test matches is mentioned as &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;. He bowled more than 50 deliveries without taking a wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-10-27T06:59:19.857" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T06:59:19.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4158" CreationDate="2014-02-27T06:31:03.990" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsman will be given out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball going to the stumps hit by the bat twice intentionally &lt;strong&gt;before the ball has been touched by a fielder&lt;/strong&gt;, it will be given out by the umpire under the rule &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3744/753&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;hitting the ball twice&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.In your scenario, the batsman is hitting the ball twice to save the wicket. So, it is an intentional act.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An example of this dismissal occurred in 1906 when John King, playing&#xA;  for Leicestershire against Surrey at The Oval tried to score a run&#xA;  after playing the ball twice to avoid getting bowled.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball going to the stumps hit by the bat intentionally &lt;strong&gt;after the ball has been touched by a fielder&lt;/strong&gt;, it will be given out by the umpire under the rule obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakvind/content/story/235965.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;famous example&lt;/a&gt; for this in an Indo-Pak match. Inzamam was given out for hitting the ball thrown by the fielder to save the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T12:21:20.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4184" CreationDate="2014-02-27T07:00:44.207" Score="9" ViewCount="39982" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have some doubts under this topic,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can a player aged 19 play under 19 international cricket match?&#xA;(Since 19 is not under 19)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider a player having birthday during the series/tournament. How&#xA;the age will be calculated for him?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-28T22:53:37.317" LastActivityDate="2017-01-28T22:53:37.317" Title="How are the age restrictions followed by ICC for under 19 cricket tournaments?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4183" CreationDate="2014-02-27T08:16:36.967" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can a player aged 19 play under 19 international cricket match? (Since 19 is not under 19)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The age of the player is not determined during the world cup. It is determined on 1st of September before the world cup. E.g. For ICC U19 World Cup 2014 the age of the players was determined based on 1st September 2013. That means any player must be under 19 on 1st Sept. 2013 to be qualified. You can see some players like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2014/content/player/554699.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vijay Zol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2014/content/player/425943.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sanju Samson&lt;/a&gt; were over 19 during U19 WC 2014. But they were under 19 on 1st Sept. 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also to note, maximum age of 19 is applicable for players of Full Member countries only. For players from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3399/540&quot;&gt;Associate&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3401/540&quot;&gt;Affiliate&lt;/a&gt; Member countries the maximum age is 20 (probably due to limited number of cricketers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.africacricket.org/pdf%27s/32_qualification_rules_u19_age_determination_policy.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Age Determination Policy for ICC Under 19 Cricket World Cup &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;PDF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consider a player having birthday during the series/tournament. How the age will be calculated for him?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clear the doubt players must be under 19/20 at midnight (in the country of birth). E.g. at changeover from the 31st August to the 1st September.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-04-29T21:42:07.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4188" CreationDate="2014-02-27T10:40:24.620" Score="5" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 27 February 2014, while watching the Asia cup match between India VS Bangladesh I noticed a that the shirts worn by Indian team players didn't have a sponsors logo on the chest portion, even though they had logos on their arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone give me the reason why the sponsors logo was missing on the chest of an Indian player's shirt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:03:45.963" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:03:45.963" Title="Why was the sponsors logo was missing?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4186" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-02-27T12:18:36.880" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T12:18:36.880" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T12:18:36.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4187" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-02-27T12:18:36.880" Score="0" Body="Questions about jerseys, shirts worn by a member of a team in sports. " OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T18:58:19.870" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T18:58:19.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4185" CreationDate="2014-02-27T12:31:02.217" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The logo is missing due to the contract between Star India and BCCI. According to that contract, the star India logo will only be shown on the arms of the jersey for Asia cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;We have different sets of agreements for different tournaments with&#xA;  the BCCI. Not wearing the logo on chest was according to our pact for&#xA;  the tournament and the rules of Asia Cup. You might see a different&#xA;  jersey for the World Twenty20 next month,&quot; Nitin Kukreja, a top honcho&#xA;  of Star India, said.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bangaloremirror.com/sports/cricket/Curious-case-of-missing-star-logo-at-Asia-Cup/articleshow/31058153.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T12:31:02.217" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4189" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-27T12:42:58.770" Score="2" ViewCount="4823" Body="&lt;p&gt;We'd a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4183/how-the-age-restrictions-are-followed-by-icc-for-the-under-19-cricket&quot;&gt;discussion&lt;/a&gt; about maximum age for playing under 19 cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the minimum age to play under 19, under 16 and under 14 cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T09:52:44.470" Title="What is the minimum age to play under 19, under 16 and under 14 cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1898" CreationDate="2014-02-27T17:22:48.433" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no system of cards in Cricket. The instances you mentioned were funny ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shane Warne was shown a yellow card during the Tsunami welfare match between ICC World XI and Asia XI. Here, Shane Warne at the end of 49.5 overs of the first innings ran to the pavilion presuming the overs quota was completed. The Umpire Billy Bowden called him back and showed him a yellow card (for fun) and asked to continue batting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yhbzh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Glenn McGrath's red card instance happened during the first ever T20 international between Aus and NZ. The players were rather in celebratory mode as it was the inaugural match. McGrath bowled (Rather rolled) the last ball of the innings to Kyle Mills as an under arm delivery prompting Billy Bowden, the umpire then, to show him a red card. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BG6OO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3371" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-26T07:23:49.450" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T07:23:49.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-27T18:02:42.027" Score="7" ViewCount="9459" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played for one year and get quite frustrated this month. How to kick POWERFULLY?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3372" LastEditorUserId="3372" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T18:08:33.387" LastActivityDate="2014-03-06T03:14:35.540" Title="How to give a powerful kick in Foosball?" Tags="|technique|foosball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4192" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4193" CreationDate="2014-02-28T05:15:57.973" Score="8" ViewCount="12928" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pakistan gained a bonus point after defeating Afghanistan by 72 runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They had mentioned during the match that Pakistan could earn a bonus&#xA;  point if they stop Afghanistan to score 198 runs. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.ndtv.com/asia-cup-2014/news/221367-asia-cup-2014-live-cricket-score-afghanistan-vs-pakistan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sports.ndtv[08.49 (IST)]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is this score calculated? What formula is used for this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the second batting team wants to gain a bonus point, how should the chase be?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-06T16:27:20.183" LastActivityDate="2014-03-06T16:27:20.183" Title="When can a team gain a bonus point in the Asia Cup?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4192" CreationDate="2014-02-28T06:00:29.863" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2014/engine/series/671665.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Point Table of Asia cup 2014&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Bonus Points&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team that achieves a run rate of &lt;strong&gt;1.25 &lt;em&gt;times&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; that of the opposition shall be awarded one bonus point. A team's run rate will be calculated by reference to the runs scored in an innings divided by the number of overs faced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the formula is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Run-rate to restrict opponent = Team batting first run-rate / 1.25&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that match Pakistan scored 248 runs with run rate of 4.96.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So run-rate to restrict Afghanistan = 4.96 / 1.25 = 3.968&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;So runs to restrict Afghanistan = 3.968 * 50 = 198.4 ~ 198.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: If a team is all out before 50 overs with high run-rate, the net run-rate shall be based on 50 overs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the Point Table of Asia cup 2014:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event of a team being all out in less than its full quota of overs, the calculation of its net run rate shall be based on the full quota of overs to which it would have been entitled and not on the number of overs in which the team was dismissed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a team B (batting second, who need to score more than 198 runs to prevent team A from gaining the bonus point) is all out in 150 in 20 overs, their net run rate will be (150/50) 3 and not (150/20) 7.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the second batting team wants to gain a bonus point, How the chase should be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The calculation is simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Required run-rate to gain a bonus point = required run-rate * 1.25&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To calculate required run-rate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Required run-rate = Target / 50&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A scored 320 runs in 50 overs with run-rate of 6.4. If team B wants to win the match with bonus point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Required run-rate = 321 / 50 = 6.42&#xA;&#xA;Required run-rate for a bonus = Require run-rate X 1.25&#xA;                  = 6.42 X 1.25&#xA;                  = 8.025 runs per over.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the calculation of require overs to chase target is easy: 321/8.025 = 40 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more refer &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/DOWNLOAD/100/0131/Bonus_Points.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Appendix 6 (Bonus Point System) &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;PDF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Bonus: See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://jsbin.com/yodul/6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bonus Point Calculator&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T11:40:29.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3910" CreationDate="2014-02-28T18:36:32.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/content/pgatour/tournaments/farmers-insurance-open/leaderboard.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;leaderboard&lt;/a&gt; of this year's Farmers Insurance Open that Tiger Woods finished &quot;MDF.&quot; Next, take a look at the consecutive cuts made &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.122.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;statistics&lt;/a&gt;, where Tiger is currently T4 with 24 consecutive cuts made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3379" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T18:36:32.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4196" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-28T19:19:22.700" Score="6" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching Heat vs. Knicks last night with a few friends, and each and every one of them is a LeBron hater. I'd understand if they disliked him because he abandoned his hometown and conspired with his pals to steal championships. But that's not why they dislike him. They dislike LeBron because they say he cries too much. He complains to the refs when he gets fouled, and he does so even when there is no discernible evidence that the contact altered his shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if this is true. I'm not sure he actually gets fewer calls than he deserves, and I'd like to know if there is any way to measure that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any metrics out there that show how many calls a player gets vs. how many he deserves? Are there &quot;complainer&quot; stats out there? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, how might this data be collected &amp;amp; metrics be created?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T11:03:02.307" Title="Looking for an objective crybaby metric... Are there any NBA &quot;complainer&quot; statistics?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4197" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4218" CreationDate="2014-03-01T01:52:52.403" Score="5" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's award a batter &#xA;2 points for a single, &#xA;3 pts for a double, &#xA;4 pts for a triple, and &#xA;5 pts for a homerun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To complete the statistic, let's award the batter &#xA;1 point for a walk, and &#xA;1 point if he is hit by the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Call it &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Advanced Batting Index&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we calculate a batter's average Advanced Batting Index, is this equivalent to OPS?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3380" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-03T18:17:05.117" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T18:17:05.117" Title="A new sabermetric baseball statistic?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-01T18:16:18.470" Score="6" ViewCount="1836" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which team holds the record for the earliest substitution after kick-off in an official football match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally have seen games where players have gotten substituted within the first twenty minutes. But how early does the record stand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would also be great if you could include the earliest non-injury substitution too. (I do agree this one might be tougher to come by)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T07:34:49.203" Title="Earliest Substitution after kickoff in an official football match" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-01T20:55:28.040" Score="10" ViewCount="2735" Body="&lt;p&gt;My daughter is 7. She loves swimming and joined a proper club about 6 months ago. She has also continued taking lessons with her brother who is a little behind her, just because she enjoys it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She can swim 50m freestyle in around 38secs and breastroke in around 47 secs and she's noticeably faster than the other children in her club of a similar age. She has never actually competed in a gala/meet, because the minimum age is 8, so these are times recorded by the club coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently she trains 3 days a week for an hour each time, plus a half hour &quot;lesson&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach from the regional development squad came recently and invited her there to train. It means training 6 days a week in the pool (1.5 hours each) some of which are 5:00am starts, plus 2 days of evening dryland training (1 hour each)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I think this is too much for a 7-year-old so I have been asking around for advice and there seems to be 2 competing views:&#xA;1. Train as often as possible (ie. do this new training she's been invited for) because the 3 major elements that hold a young swimming back are strength, general fitness, and technique all of which are worked on intensively in this program.&#xA;2. Stick with the 3 days per week swim training, which will also work on the 3 elements just mentioned, but take up another sport/activity which complement swimming. Ones that have been suggested are synchronised swimming and gymnastics. She already does gymnastics once a week for an hour, and she also plays football (soccer) for another hour. Either of these could possibly be expanded as she enjoys them both. She is vaguely interested in synchro, but this is a little inconvenient for us, as it's not done at a centre near us. The argument for this approach seems to be that it won't burn her out as far as swimming is concerned, while at the same time it will develop her strength and fitness in ways that will complement swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She seems quite keen to do this regional swim squad training, but she's also keen on doing a bit more football or gymnastics. She is OK at both, but not particularly good (so therefore room for a lot of improvement)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically I worry that the kind of training they have in mind for her is just too much for a 7-year-old and she will get fed up of swimming altogether, which would be a great shame. On the other hand, if she really has potential to do well in swimming, and this is the route that is required, then it also seems a shame not to give it a try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice/comment would be most welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3384" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T02:18:41.697" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T17:18:39.253" Title="More swimming, or alternative activities/sports for a junior competitive swimmer?" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-03-02T08:45:12.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a tough time picking up the wrist flick initially. However, before I get to that, it's more important to learn control because that's how you'll be able to get the ball to where you want it and block it from your opponent(s). Once you have it where you want it, you'll be able to score far more often rather than if you simply shot powerfully with no control. Sure, speed looks great and all, but the better you get, the easier you will be able to score with the speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards to the wrist flick, you don't want to spin the players, but be light with your hand and, with a quick motion downwards while clasping the handle (think of rocketing your palm to the floor), tighten at the last moment. When you tense at the last moment after going very quickly, you will generate more power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I explained things clearly. It's a little hard to explain with no pictures or videos. Just keep practicing and you will get better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T08:45:12.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4201" CreationDate="2014-03-02T09:58:31.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That sounds like too much swim training to me for a 7-year-old. My kids do competitive swim training and I can't imagine getting them up for a 5AM start ! For one thing, what time will she to bed at night ? Getting enough sleep is just as important, if not more so, than the 3 elements you mentioned. It seems that young swimmers are pushed very hard at an early age. I think that a more gradual increase in training intensity is called for. If she trains for swimming 8 times per week at 7 years old, what will she be doing at age 8,9,10 and onwards, assuming she sticks with it ? 3 times a week at age 7 seems logical to me. Maybe at 9 she can go on to the more intense training program, then step it up again at 12 etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I am not a swim coach, just an interested parent.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1893" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T09:58:31.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4018" CreationDate="2014-03-02T19:49:44.220" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That ski helmet appears to be an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uvex-sports.de/en/winter-sports/products/?pNavi=4&amp;amp;pModel=uvex+wing+rc&quot;&gt;uvex wing rc&lt;/a&gt; (or similar). The first cycling helmet appears to be a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kask.it/product.php?cat=1&amp;amp;product=14&quot;&gt;Kask Mojito&lt;/a&gt; variant. Note that both companies make both kinds of helmets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mostly constructed of crushable foam&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An outer shell that will slip across surfaces in a collision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fit adjustment systems&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moderately aerodynamic design&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Differences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet's shell is harder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet has much less ventilation (it's on the top, where not visible in y our picture)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet's ventilation can be closed down&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bicycle helmet is lighter (220g vs 490g)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet covers ears&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet is designed to work well with ski goggles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ski helmet has mount points for a chin guard&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ear coverage and ventilation differences have a pretty obvious reason. Skiing is done in sub-freezing temperatures and for a much shorter duration of time than a road race. It's important while skiing downhill to keep warm and to keep the ears covered, but with road cycling it's more desirable to maximize ventilation. Watching the other outdoor winter olympic sports, the cross-country skiers have a band covering the ears, and almost everybody else has a hat, balaclava and/or helmet so that their ears are covered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Road racing cyclists do everything they can to keep weight down because it helps with climbing and acceleration. Also, the position of the rider and length of a road race means that any extra weight can make the neck tired. Downhill skiers are pulled down by gravity and have a more head-supporting upright posture, so a tiny bit of extra weight won't make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the shell hardness difference really has 3 reasons. First, skiing downhill has a greater chance of multiple head impacts from a single crash than cycling does. Second, weight. Third, hard shells make ventilation trickier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the time-trial helmet: The regular cycling helmet is made for cycling in a pack for 4 hours. The time trial helmet is made for cycling alone for a much shorter time. There's still ventilation on most time trial helmets, but it's subtle. Aerodynamics are important for both kinds of cycling, but a lot more important in that time trial, since there's never anybody to draft behind. Ventilation is still important for both kinds of racing, but more important for the longer rides, since heat and discomfort will build up over time. And, to top it off, there are regulations about the helmets that I believe wouldn't allow the time-trial helmet in a road race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="157" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T19:49:44.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4198" CreationDate="2014-03-02T23:51:06.923" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A recent Italian football game between Nocerina and Salernitana saw three subs in the first two minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these were due to the team wanting the match abandoned after receiving death threats. Two more players left the pitch due to injury in the first 17 minutes and two more were sent off, forcing the referee to call the game off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24899997&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24899997&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3388" LastEditorUserId="3388" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T00:19:05.157" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T00:19:05.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4207" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4346" CreationDate="2014-03-03T00:47:54.670" Score="9" ViewCount="3075" Body="&lt;p&gt;How exactly did the system of promotion and relegation come about in English football? Specifically, what were the driving forces that made it such an intrinsic part of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an American soccer fan, I've had difficulty trying to dig up this history. Even though there's no pro-rel in any of the sports in the U.S., it gets talked about a lot in relation to the future of the different soccer leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2065" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:40:44.760" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T15:48:17.203" Title="The history of promotion and relegation in English football" Tags="|football|history|promotions|relegations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4802" CreationDate="2014-03-03T07:19:48.330" Score="5" ViewCount="436" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can be easily done in slow/medium pace deliveries. Consider a batsman getting bowled in a no-ball or a free-hit ball and the ball remains near the batsman.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it allowed to hit the ball with the bat/leg by the batsman to get runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T05:42:37.733" Title="Can a batsman hit the ball after getting bowled in a no-ball or free hit ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|scoring|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4209" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-03T07:57:28.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about tiebreakers, a rule or method for deciding the winner of tied teams or players after a competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tie-breakers are used in many competitions and have various forms. They can include rules applied to previous results, lottery or luck-based decisions, an extension of ongoing games, or an additional competition between tied players or teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;penalty shootout&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;penalty stroke competition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;overtime or extra time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bowl-out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;flipping a coin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goals difference; goals for&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T08:15:18.310" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T08:15:18.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4210" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-03T07:57:28.500" Score="0" Body="Questions about tiebreakers, a rule or method for deciding the winner of tied teams or players after a competition. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T19:23:21.827" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T19:23:21.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4158" CreationDate="2014-03-03T08:29:40.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batsman can stop the ball hitting the stumps with his bat but he will be given out if he touches the ball with his hand (the example is steve waugh was judged as out when he tried to stop the ball hitting the wicket with his hand)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also like to mention one thing about Inzamam's incidence he was given out not because of hitting the ball with a bat twice but obstructing the field i.e., hitting the ball thrown by the fielder with the bat to avoid run-out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T08:29:40.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1831" CreationDate="2014-03-03T10:01:16.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Italy used to use a playoff for league winners, european spots, relegation if two teams were level on points for the same position. This was before the 05/06 season, since then they have used head to head records to decide league standings between teams on level points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T10:01:16.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4943" CreationDate="2014-03-03T16:31:20.913" Score="4" ViewCount="1662" Body="&lt;p&gt;I bowled for the first time in   long time the other day. I still tend to bowl and have my ball thrown to more straight up and down the lane. As in, i'll bowl in the middle of the lane and have it roll as straight as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you see experienced professionals competing on television they tend to use use the style to hook or spin spin the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any advantage to hooking or curving the ball as opposed to hitting the pins straight on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T17:52:50.433" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T18:44:47.993" Title="In bowling, are there advantages in hooking or curving the ball" Tags="|technique|bowling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4197" CreationDate="2014-03-03T20:40:47.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;OPS is on-base percentage + slugging/ at bats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slugging gives 1 for single, 2 for double, three for triple, four for HR.&#xA;On base percentage give 1 for all those, 1 for walk and 1 for HBP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yours is OPS*At Bats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T20:40:47.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4214" CreationDate="2014-03-03T20:41:57.057" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The curve knocks the pins in different directions, increasing the chance you pick up the pins on the far ends of the pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T20:41:57.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3515" CreationDate="2014-03-04T01:44:58.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One key thing to keep in mind is that the FIFA ranking does not indicate how strong a team is but how well they have done.  As the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/procedureandschedule/menprocedure/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ranking procedure&lt;/a&gt; indicates, it only uses results of past games to give a score. Citing results from 2010 is also slightly misleading since those results are divided by 5 (20%), where results from 2013 are worth significantly more. Netherlands played a lot of games that were outside of the three bullet points you've mentioned. Those friendlies made all the difference.  FIFA shows all the games Netherlands have played &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ned/fixturesresults/gender=m/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;You will see draws to Portugal, Estonia, Germany, Japan, Colombia, Italy.  Some of these were before the draw took place and ended up costing them a seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said...it was very close and could have changed even in the last 2 games of qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3380" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T01:44:58.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4197" CreationDate="2014-03-04T03:12:01.163" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not quite. The denominators are different for SLG and OBP, which makes combining the numerators more complicated than you're making it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;SLG = TB / AB&#xA;&#xA;OBP = (H + BB + HBP) / (AB + BB + SF + HBP)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-base_plus_slugging#Equation&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;equations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3379" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T03:12:01.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4219" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:11:28.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;figure-skating&lt;/a&gt; in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-02-12T06:08:13.883" LastActivityDate="2022-02-12T06:08:13.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4220" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:11:28.650" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of figure-skating in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:46:52.497" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:46:52.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4221" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:14:44.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Softball is a stick-and-ball game in the same family as cricket and baseball. The game originally branched off from baseball in 1887 (baseball itself having been standardized in 1845 from regional and historical variants dating to the 14th Century) as a more casual version of the game that could be played indoors or in smaller outdoor spaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is played with the eponymous ball, similar in construction but larger than a baseball. Softballs were originally up to 16&quot; in circumference but in current play an 11&quot; circumference is standard. Modern softball leagues tend to use hollow metal bats for weight and durability reasons, though wooden baseball bats are often allowed in recreational leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overall objective and form of the game is similar to its parent sport, but various rules have been changed to make the game slower and less physically demanding on the players, thus allowing for the game to be played at virtually all age levels. The major rule differences from baseball include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A smaller field. Softball fields typically have a rear fence no further than 300' from home plate, while baseball fields have home run fence distances in excess of 400'. The &quot;rubber&quot; the pitcher stands on is only 40 feet in softball, as opposed to 60 feet, 6 inches in baseball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A larger ball; softballs are up to 11&quot; in circumference, while major-league and most other baseballs are about 9&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hollow aluminum bats, though regulation wooden baseball bats are allowed in many recreational leagues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An extra player on each team, typically used as an extra outfielder, though some leagues allow the tenth player to be used as an infielder mirroring the shortstop between first and second bases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An underhanded pitching motion. Overhand throws are allowed at all other times except for the delivery of the ball by the pitcher to the batter. Two major variants exist, fast-pitch (a full overhead &quot;windmill&quot; is allowed to be made with the pitching arm, increasing the time the pitcher can accelerate the ball; fastball speeds of 60mph are common) and slow-pitch (the pitcher cannot make a full circle with their arm and cannot raise the ball above his head during the windup or delivery). Fast pitch is common in women's leagues, slow-pitch in men's.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A reduced number of innings (5 or 7 innings is typical for most college and adult leagues).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional rules vary between leagues, but a common addition at all levels is a home-run limit. Because it is typically easier to hit the ball out of the park and thus games tend to be longer even with the reduced number of innings, many adult leagues specify a maximum number of home runs that may be hit by each team (10 is common), after which each additional out-of-park hit is an out. This requires teams to plan their home runs to maximize the number of additional runs each of their allowed homers will score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Softball in the United States and most other participating countries is primarily a women's game, with baseball being the preferred form of the game for boys and young men up through to the professional level. The game is played by girls as young as 5 or 6 (younger players being introduced to the idea of the sport in co-ed tee-ball leagues) and continuing up through interscholastic leagues, into college, and from there to international and Olympic competition. A U.S. professional women's softball league, the National Fast Pitch league, currently exists with five teams (Akron, Chicago, Dallas, Florida and Pennsylvania), but the sport is not nearly as popular among spectators as Major League Baseball. Men's softball leagues are also common, primarily in recreational leagues for older casual players, with a few semi-professional teams including the U.S. Men's Slow Pitch national team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T15:06:44.647" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T15:06:44.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4222" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:14:44.737" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of softball." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:46:44.493" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:46:44.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4223" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:16:10.233" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:16:10.233" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:16:10.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4224" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:16:10.233" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports which involve skating on ice. Questions should also be tagged with &quot;figure-skating&quot;, &quot;speed-skating&quot; or &quot;ice-hockey&quot; as appropriate." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T20:15:00.293" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T20:15:00.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4225" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:19:15.820" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:19:15.820" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:19:15.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4226" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-04T05:19:15.820" Score="0" Body="For questions related to the athletic event, racewalking." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T05:46:38.823" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T05:46:38.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4229" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4230" CreationDate="2014-03-05T15:05:51.120" Score="11" ViewCount="954" Body="&lt;p&gt;Diego Costa is making his debut for Spain tonight and he will almost certainly go to Brazil as their main striker considering his form this year. You could imagine the reception he would get playing over there but if he lined up vs Brazil or even scored against them then I'm not sure he could ever go back! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know of any cases where nationalised players have played or even scored against their country of birth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2023-01-18T12:21:22.727" Title="Nationalised players scoring against their country of birth" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2014-03-05T17:56:38.167" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footytube.com/forums/world-cup/players-born-in-1-country-and-playing-for-another-13073/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Footytube&lt;/a&gt; forum discussion mentions several players (most French) from other countries: Zidane (Algeria), Desailly (Ghana), Vieira (Senegal), that went on to not play for their country of birth. The decision by Algeria to not accept Zidane because he was too slow sure turned out to be a poor decision, 'eh?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other that comes to mind is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani_Osvaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dani Osvaldo&lt;/a&gt;, who plays for Italy but was born in Argentina (a common relationship for the two countries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aforementioned Kevin-Prince (Germany) plays for Ghana and played against Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, none of these players have scored against their countries of birth as far as I can see scanning their International Goals, but the chances are high that each played against their country of birth (all three French players have many, many caps for Les Bleus)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players who play against their national team:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;David Trezeguet&lt;/em&gt; (Argentina): at least played a game against Argentine (playing for france).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Guillermo Franco&lt;/em&gt; (Argentina): Plays for Mexico, and plays at least two times against argentina. One he didn't enter the field, and the other he enter as a substitute. The two matches where on world cup (2006 and 2010)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player who didn't play against his national team:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Alfredo Di Stefano&lt;/em&gt; (Argentina): I can't find any reference if he plays a match vs Argentina when he was playing for Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Camoranesi&lt;/em&gt; (Argentina):  didn't play against Argentina, when he was playing for Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After looking at this list of players who have switched nationalities in football I saw that Mathias Fernadez represented Chile despite being Argentinian. In a game in 2011 he &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%ADas_Fern%C3%A1ndez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scored&lt;/a&gt; vs Argentina. He does however consider himself Chilean having left Argentina aged 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-15T07:27:11.980" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T07:27:11.980" CommentCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-03-06T14:22:56.527" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-03-06T03:14:35.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One technique I use to create power is to have the foosball player start by pinning the ball between him and the table in a forward position (in front of the player).  The idea here is to achieve an almost full rotation of the player and then hit the ball. It is almost 360 degree spin and creates amazing power.  This is achieved by placing your wrist on the handle then, in a quick motion, pulling up and rolling the handle through the 360 degrees. At the end of the pull up your fingers cup and steady the handle (to avoid the out of control spin).  It can be seen &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qmr3i7ZqwZc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; in slow motion. Especially at the 2:10 mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3380" LastActivityDate="2014-03-06T03:14:35.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4233" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4259" CreationDate="2014-03-06T09:53:45.757" Score="6" ViewCount="851" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a badminton player, not a very good one though (D-C2 level). Currently I'm having mostly temper-related issues on progressing in my game/winning matches (both friendly and competitive). I'm just too &quot;eager&quot;. I was wondering if you guys have any tips/tricks to keep your mind calm and focused on the game so you don't make any &quot;stupid&quot;/faulty moves just because you're going too hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3399" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-03-06T23:59:24.023" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T18:24:58.530" Title="Keeping your focus/calm during a game" Tags="|tennis|badminton|performance|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2014-03-06T14:39:21.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;After looking at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nationality_transfers_in_sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; of players who have switched nationalities in football I saw that Mathias Fernadez represented Chile despite being Argentinian. In a game in 2011 he &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%ADas_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(footballer,_born_1986)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scored&lt;/a&gt; vs Argentina. He does however consider himself Chilean having left Argentina aged 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-15T07:22:46.477" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T07:22:46.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2014-03-07T12:11:00.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading your post, made me think of my younger years !!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very difficult to give a conclusive answer, but here's what I have to say about that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remember, it's a game you love playing. It's shouldn't be giving you negative energy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The more you practice, the better you will be, at whatever you're practicing. The less frustrated you will be.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There's only you to blame (not shoes, racket, shuttle or opponent)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Try using a personal (funny) word in order to express your frustration, in stead of yelling/cursing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watch the following video's from &lt;a href=&quot;https://plus.google.com/u/0/100521221491403117737/about&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mr. Jae Bok Lee&lt;/a&gt; about: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i9FQJ7AtmA&amp;amp;list=PLpWB-VChrdgEM9mMAUEivIfd7ZbsUHMEY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Poor Badminton Player's Behaviour&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part 7, 12 and 13 are particularly of interest. His perception could give you some further leads or inspiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: I'm not affiliated to the creator of the video's&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-03-07T19:37:06.303" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T19:37:06.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4237" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-07T17:19:52.130" Score="6" ViewCount="4065" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will happen in cricket in case of last ball run out scenario of the striker? Which batsmen will face the first ball of the next over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3405" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-03-09T18:54:25.863" LastActivityDate="2014-03-09T18:54:25.863" Title="Who will take the strike if the striker is run out on the last ball of the over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4238" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-07T17:28:23.603" Score="2" ViewCount="572" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart that the shoes are integrated with socks what else is different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should you wear them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will they stink like socks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/03/06/nike-magista-adidas-world-cup-boots_n_4910413.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;For details and pictures click this link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3404" LastEditorUserId="3404" LastEditDate="2014-03-07T22:35:27.763" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T22:35:27.763" Title="What are the differences between shoes like the Nike Magistra Obra and Adidas Primeknit FS vs traditional football shoes?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2014-03-09T18:55:50.010" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4237" CreationDate="2014-03-08T02:18:06.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends which end they were run out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new batsman always comes in at the end they were runout from. If they were runout at the strikers end, then the non-striker will be on strike for the first ball of the next over, as the new bowler will now be bowling from the end he was runout from, and the end the new batsman will be at. However if he is runout at the non-strikers end, the new batsman will be at the non-strikers end, but then it becomes the strikers end when the bowling changes ends, the new batsman is on strike for the first ball of the next over&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1751" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T02:18:06.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4237" CreationDate="2014-03-08T04:24:39.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's very simple. Just keep in mind that the new batsman will take the place of the dismissed batsman. If they have changed the strike, the new batsman will be on the strike in the next over, if they haven't, the new batsman will be on the non strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T04:24:39.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1428" CreationDate="2014-03-08T15:28:58.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are allowed out of the box after a strike or ball if you call timeout as the batter... If the umpire grants you time then walk around and enter the other batter's box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3407" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T15:28:58.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-09T14:55:25.330" Score="5" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired from a troll in Facebook&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tFe2b.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; credits : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/Troll.Football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Troll Football&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can 11 players from a team create a circle and keep the ball inside&#xA;the circle and play?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any official rules that disallow such thing?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did this kind of thing happen in past?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-03-09T14:55:25.330" Title="Can 11 players make a circle and attack keeping the ball in middle?" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-03-11T08:34:13.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4244" CreationDate="2014-03-09T18:17:21.263" Score="3" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times has Lee Chong Wei won the men's singles in the All England Badminton Championships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:10:39.467" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:10:39.467" Title="All England wins for Lee Chong Wei?" Tags="|trivia|tournaments|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4243" CreationDate="2014-03-09T18:17:21.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Chong_Wei&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lee Chong Wei&lt;/a&gt; just won his third championship against &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Long&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chen Long&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbohDcd4yIs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BWF broadcast of the MSF&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_All_England_Men%27s_Singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;List of All England Men's Singles champions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-03-09T18:35:06.927" LastActivityDate="2014-03-09T18:35:06.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-09T23:33:29.890" Score="6" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've created &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1hHbY7xFG8GnBW2NmDVoGiLu7NMbHqtN0uWgYdGSVpEc/edit?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this spreadsheet&lt;/a&gt; to summarise the Italian rugby &quot;Serie A&quot; (II and III division) format, based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campionato_italiano_di_rugby_a_15#Struttura_dei_tornei&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this table&lt;/a&gt;: problem is, while the linked table is quite clear and reasonable, it's full of contradicting descriptions otherwhere (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Championship_of_Excellence#Format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;such as&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A_di_rugby_a_15#Formato&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A2_di_rugby_a_15_2013-2014#Classifica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three&lt;/a&gt;), that's why I'm asking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Posting a screenshot, just in case:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QGByV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contradictions include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a match between A.A:10th and A.B:2nd, the winner goes to A.A and the loser to A.B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;three teams directly relegated from A.B to B instead of two&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first contradiction just makes no sense, since it would cause to have 13 teams in A.A vs. 11 teams in A.B, but it strikes me as odd if someone completely made it up from thin air...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second contradiction might be caused by the bankruptcy of Amatori Catania, but I fail to see how this would cause one more team to be relegated: I would have guessed they would just eat up the 12th place instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T12:07:33.313" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T12:07:33.313" Title="Is my understanding of Italian rugby &quot;Serie A&quot; correct?" Tags="|rugby-union|promotions|relegations|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-09T23:42:30.393" Score="6" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Italian rugby you can be promoted from III division (Serie A girone B) directly to I division (Eccellenza), and you can be relegated from II division (Serie A girone A) directly to IV division (Serie B).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which are the benefits of such an odd format?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this format really odd, or is it somewhat widespread in team sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T14:04:23.390" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T02:07:11.590" Title="What are the benefits of a non-linear promotion/relegation system?" Tags="|rugby|international-sports|promotions|relegations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4247" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:43:19.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sports leagues practice a promotion and relegation system, where highest ranked teams of lower tier leagues are promoted to the higher tier league, replacing the worst seed teams of the upper leagues that have been relegated. In other words, teams are transferred between consecutive divisions of that sport. Promotion and relegation is a process to maintain parity in sports leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T17:12:16.770" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T17:12:16.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4248" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:43:19.463" Score="0" Body="Questions about promotions." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:43:19.463" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:43:19.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4249" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:43:38.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sports leagues practice a promotion and relegation system, where highest ranked teams of lower tier leagues are promoted to the higher tier league, replacing the worst seed teams of the upper leagues that have been relegated. In other words, teams are transferred between consecutive divisions of that sport. Promotion and relegation is a process to maintain parity in sports leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T17:12:55.990" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T17:12:55.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4250" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:43:38.077" Score="0" Body="Questions about relegations." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:43:38.077" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:43:38.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4251" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4252" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" Score="0" Body="Questions about acquisitions. This is usually related to a team obtaining an existing contract from a different team via a transaction." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:49:58.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4253" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:50:50.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag is for questions about drafting and the draft, the process used in a number of professional sports where teams select from a pool of previously non-professional players using a priority order, in order to systematically allocate those players amongst teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions may be generalised to many sports or competitions, or specific to the draft for a single sport or competition. Questions must also be tagged for any specific sports or competitions they ask about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-07-16T00:00:05.333" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T00:00:05.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4254" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:50:50.280" Score="0" Body="For questions about drafting and the draft, a process where teams select from a pool of new players." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-16T00:00:05.333" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T00:00:05.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4255" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:52:08.863" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T01:52:08.863" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T01:52:08.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4256" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-10T01:52:08.863" Score="0" Body="Questions about transfers, or the action taken when a player under contract moves from one club to another. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T20:06:25.440" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T20:06:25.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4257" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4258" CreationDate="2014-03-10T02:09:41.190" Score="8" ViewCount="46429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am getting more and more into football (soccer, here in the United States) and I was wondering what the season schedule is for the English Premier League regular season. Is it more aligned to College Basketball in the US (Nov - Mar/Apr) or MLB (April - Oct)? How does the season schedule fit in with the FIFA World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this different for different leagues like the Champions league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3413" LastEditorUserId="255" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-12T15:31:08.780" LastActivityDate="2020-06-12T15:31:08.780" Title="When does an English Premier League season start and end?" Tags="|football|tournaments|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4257" CreationDate="2014-03-10T08:12:20.620" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;English Premier League (henceforth EPL) starts in the month of August (after the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Community_Shield&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FA Community Shield&lt;/a&gt;). Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League#Competition&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During the course of a season (&lt;strong&gt;from August to May&lt;/strong&gt;) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EPL's fixtures are intertwined with other club competitions like Capital One Cup, FA Cup, Euro League and the Champions League. Most domestic league competitions would be similarly scheduled, intertwined with similar domestic cups and such. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Champions League starts later than EPL -- in September (the group stage) and ends later than EPL -- in the end of May. Champions League Final marks the end of the European club football season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA World Cup fits pretty well with the club season. The upcoming World Cup is scheduled from the second week of June to the second week of July and was the case for previous World Cups as well. In other words, right in between the two club football seasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="255" LastEditorUserId="255" LastEditDate="2020-06-12T09:15:11.753" LastActivityDate="2020-06-12T09:15:11.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2014-03-10T09:43:47.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say you need to distract yourself from the bigger picture. Don't worry about the score or your performance or whether you're &quot;better&quot; than your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead focus on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playing each point in isolation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Making near-perfect movements&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Knowing where your opponent is moving on the court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can concentrate on those things, the rest of the game will look after itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, remember it's only a game, so have fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2014-03-10T09:43:47.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4260" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4382" CreationDate="2014-03-10T14:57:06.660" Score="7" ViewCount="4102" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is quite clear. Also, I have been asking around this question for long and I have been getting mixed responses. Some say it is counted as the first bouncer for the over and others don't believe that they are counted as one-above-the-shoulder. So it will be good if the answer is somewhat official - taken from the rule's book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T17:04:56.457" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T04:42:04.253" Title="If a leg side wide ball is over the head of the batsman, will that delivery be counted as one-over-the-shoulder?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4260" CreationDate="2014-03-11T04:36:15.047" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The leg side wide which has been bowled over the head of the batsman is not considered as one-over-the-shoulder for the following reasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For umpire to warn the bowler as one-over-the-shoulder the ball should be bowled to the batsman body which makes it as a dangerous ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Here in this case ball has been bowled leg-side so no its not going to do any damage to batsmen to consider it as a dangerous ball more-over most of the times it will be accounted as a wide for bowling leg-side rather than considering it as a wide for going over the top of the head.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T04:36:15.047" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4263" CreationDate="2014-03-11T07:15:41.983" Score="5" ViewCount="3162" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard a term called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;twelfth man&lt;/a&gt; in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;W.K.T, there are 4 players apart from the playing 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it necessary to fix a particular player as 12th man before&#xA;starting the match?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the twelfth man and the other substitutes?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T07:50:41.313" Title="Twelfth man in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4262" CreationDate="2014-03-11T07:50:41.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms#Twelfth_man&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Twelfth man&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Traditionally, &lt;strong&gt;the first &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;substitute&lt;/a&gt; player&lt;/strong&gt; who fields when a member of the fielding side is injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the twelfth man is one of those substitutes. The only difference is that he has priority to field than other substitutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it necessary to fix a particular player as 12th man before starting the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There it no laws for the twelfth player in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-1-the-players/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt; regarding nomination of the 12th or substitute player. But in &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC's match playing conditions &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;PDF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, a captain shall nominate 4 substitutes along with playing XI. There is no specification of 12th man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T07:50:41.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4285" CreationDate="2014-03-11T12:04:21.450" Score="6" ViewCount="5784" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the international cricket coaches, I know, now are ex-cricket players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it necessary to have experience in playing international matches to become a cricket coach?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I need to know what the basic qualifications are, to become a cricket coach for a national team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-03-11T13:39:20.120" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T06:50:53.910" Title="What are the basic qualifications to become a cricket coach?" Tags="|cricket|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4265" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7120" CreationDate="2014-03-11T18:04:41.233" Score="6" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having trouble finding out how much training and the time commitment needed to get a youth level soccer coaching license in Germany. Do they even have such a thing? What is the time commitment? From what organization/authority? The only info I can find is on professional coaching licenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3421" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T14:16:49.913" Title="How many hours does it take to get a youth level soccer coach license in Germany?" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4325" CreationDate="2014-03-11T23:00:55.577" Score="6" ViewCount="4264" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are suggestions for starting training for fast twitch development with kids of young ages? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a big sports fan and I've had my experiences as professional athlete, right now I am training a group of kids between 10-12 years and am I am planning to start training them more speed drills and implement plyometrics soft drills. As I've seen in the past that guys with more speed had more success in any other sports! So I am looking for some cons and pros arguments about this topic!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3419" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-12T18:01:46.063" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T03:10:26.147" Title="Developing fast twitch muscle fibers in kids?" Tags="|basketball|running|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-12T09:24:30.590" Score="5" ViewCount="1461" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been swimming for as long as I can remember, but over the past 2 years when I pull myself through the water I have been getting a lot of pain in my hands, it appears just below my knuckles (towards the palm) on the palm side of my hand the pain appears in both hands after I have swam for a short while, roughly about 1/4 of a Mile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am pretty certain that there is very little wrong with my technique, as I have had this looked at by multiple trainers who have swam/trained and taught at a competitive level, to see if this is the problem, they said my stroke looks fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried having a break from swimming for a few weeks to see if my hands just need time to recover/heal and I have also tried swimming more frequently to try and strengthen them up, neither has worked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It feels like poking a bruise, but Worse and like I need to crack my knuckles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any equipment around which could possibly help me, such as swimming hand supports or anything else that you guys can think of?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Whilst looking at my hand at work on close inspection I can see that the knuckle for my little finger is very slightly and very faintly bruised, I'm not sure if this is from my swim last night or it was already there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-12T13:49:28.860" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T16:33:39.137" Title="Hand supports for swimming" Tags="|equipment|technique|swimming|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4270" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4278" CreationDate="2014-03-13T07:26:59.263" Score="5" ViewCount="1791" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a post about sharing the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2005/man-of-the-match-award-for-two-players&quot;&gt;man of the match award between two players&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any instance happened in cricket history that the player of the series award got shared?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, please provide the reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T00:58:01.343" Title="Man of the series award for two players" Tags="|cricket|history|awards|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-13T21:34:12.067" Score="7" ViewCount="1424" Body="&lt;p&gt;During tournament-level badminton play I don't have a problem with odd serves, but at the high school varsity level a different kind of backhand serve has surfaced. Players will basically perform a quick pull back followed by an immediate flick for a rapid serve. I've never seen this type of serve before in competitive play before, so I checked up on the BWF regulations, but it simply says that the motion must be continuously forward (nothing about the back-forward double motion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3430" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:22:48.500" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T00:23:51.373" Title="Pulling back racket (racquet) immediately before serve in badminton" Tags="|rules|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-14T10:21:26.013" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reference to &quot;continuously forward&quot; motion indicates that the server is not allowed to take multiple &quot;fake&quot; swings before hitting the shuttle. Doing so might unbalance their opponent and give an unfair advantage to the server, making a game quite one-sided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So once the racket has been drawn back, it can only be swung forwards &lt;strong&gt;once&lt;/strong&gt;, as it hits the shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is left to preference is how fast they swing back and forwards, which can catch the opponent out if they're not used to it. If you carefully observe someone with an unusual, but legal, serve a few times, you should be able to anticipate what kind of serve they are doing and not be caught out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2014-03-14T10:21:26.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4276" CreationDate="2014-03-14T10:47:53.093" Score="5" ViewCount="9952" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen &quot;TON&quot; written on lots of cricket bats like these*: (click to zoom)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IN5pd.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IN5pdm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Click to zoom!&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/od78o.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/od78om.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Click to zoom!&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it actually indicate? Is it a brand name? Or a symbol of approved bat by ICC? Or it indicates that a cricketer hit a ton (century) with this bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* Picture taken from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espncricinfo.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2020-04-13T19:28:58.663" LastActivityDate="2020-04-13T20:50:26.247" Title="What does &quot;TON&quot; indicate on cricket bat?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4275" CreationDate="2014-03-14T14:05:16.057" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;TON&quot; is a brand name of cricket bat manufactured by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sareen_Sports_Industries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sareen Sports Industries&lt;/a&gt; (also known as SS Cricket), an Indian cricket supply company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2020-04-13T20:50:26.247" LastActivityDate="2020-04-13T20:50:26.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4270" CreationDate="2014-03-16T07:12:25.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The man of the Series was given to Yuvraj Singh and Graeme Smith jointly in India vs South Africa ODI series held in india 2005/06.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_cricket_team_in_India_in_2005%E2%80%9306&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki Link&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/226359.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Scorecard for the final match of that series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1536" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-17T08:53:24.617" LastActivityDate="2014-03-17T08:53:24.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4283" CreationDate="2014-03-18T11:06:07.983" Score="5" ViewCount="363" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know when was the last time that three penalties were at Old Trafford in one game or has this ever happened before? I can't think of this ever happening under Ferguson seen as referees in general were terrified of him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-06T09:19:19.190" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T09:19:19.190" Title="When was the last time that three penalties were at Old Trafford in a single match?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3646" CreationDate="2014-03-18T11:21:01.627" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;outfield means the area in between square(means set of pitches) and the boundary line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3442" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T11:21:01.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3101" CreationDate="2014-03-18T12:41:06.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, it is 36.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the following links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20110928002748/http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3445465/Referee-shows-36-red-cards-in-a-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;36 red cards shown in one game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.complex.com/sports/2013/02/50-most-unbreakable-records-in-sports-history/most-red-cards-in-a-soccer-match-36&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 50 Most Unbreakable Records in Sports History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWvtR5mnhxg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube video of the incident&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3443" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2020-02-21T20:07:23.940" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T20:07:23.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4280" CreationDate="2014-03-18T19:24:54.080" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://metro.co.uk/2014/03/16/mark-clattenburg-gives-liverpool-two-penalties-at-old-trafford-in-landmark-moment-4608510/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Metro&lt;/a&gt;, the Liverpool/Manchester United game on March 16, 2014 is the first time a referee has awarded an away team two penalties, let alone three, at Old Trafford:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark Clattenburg has become the first referee to award the opposition two penalties at Manchester United during today’s game with Liverpool....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No opposition team had been awarded two penalties at Old Trafford under the Sir Alex Ferguson reign, strengthening the belief Ferguson’s power has not been carried on by his successor David Moyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Gerrard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steven Gerrard&lt;/a&gt; of Liverpool converted the first two penalties, but missed the third. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://metro.co.uk/2014/03/16/demoralised-manchester-united-embarrassed-by-title-chasing-liverpool-at-old-trafford-4608842/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T19:24:54.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4264" CreationDate="2014-03-19T14:04:01.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not necessary to have experience in playing international matches to become a cricket coach, although that would help. I can list a number of national team coaches who never played at the highest level: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Nielsen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tim Nielsen&lt;/a&gt;(coached the Australia national team), &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane_Jurgensen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shane Jurgensen&lt;/a&gt;(current Bangladesh coach), &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pybus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Richard Pybus&lt;/a&gt;(coached Pakistan) and probably most famously &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Buchanan_%28cricketer%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Buchanan&lt;/a&gt;(the Australian coach during their period of dominance in the late 90s to the early 2000s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the coaching qualifications, each country seems to have its own coaching system. You can find out more about the different programs in some of the test countries at the links below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;India - &lt;a href=&quot;http://cricketindiaacademy.com/cricket-coaches.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://cricketindiaacademy.com/cricket-coaches.aspx&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160305060344/http://cricketindiaacademy.com/cricket-coaches.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Australia - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/get-involved/coaching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.cricket.com.au/get-involved/coaching&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20140214151622/https://www.cricket.com.au/get-involved/coaching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ecb.co.uk/development/coach-education/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.ecb.co.uk/development/coach-education/&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160619060550/http://www.ecb.co.uk/development/coaching/coach-education&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Africa - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.co.za/coaching.aspx?id=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.cricket.co.za/coaching.aspx?id=5&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20141124153007/http://www.cricket.co.za/coaching.aspx?id=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3448" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-11-18T06:50:53.910" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T06:50:53.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4144" CreationDate="2014-03-19T15:02:03.900" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Option 1 is the preferred one, because it involves fewer body parts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the old days of basketball, people would not jump at all for game play shots, and use the Korac-style two-hand shot from the knees for free-throws, also known as &quot;grandma style&quot;. Underhand, with both hands down. He held the ball between his legs, one hand on each side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with defenses getting better, it ended up being an advantage to do your shot from as high as possible, hence people started doing the over the shoulders shot, then incorporated the jumping-then-shot over the shoulders technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why it's better to (1) first jump to the highest point and then (2) shot when you are at your highest is because you can isolate one from the other. By isolating the jumping motion to the shot motion as much as possible, it is easier to train by repetition. This means that you can train yourself to a shot motion from your shoulders, arms and wrists, and the motion will be the same when you are jumping than when you are free-throwing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another element of competitive basketball shooting technique is how fast are you able to do your shot movement, since your receive the ball until you've jumped and released the ball. Being quick allows you to avoid the defenders blocking your shot. This is sometimes also known as how fast you can &quot;release&quot; or &quot;trigger&quot; or &quot;draw your shot&quot;, following the analogy of drawing a pistol to shot in a Western movie. Good examples of well-renowned players that have a quick trigger in their shooting technique are Ray Allen, currently (2014) still playing for Miami Heat, and Chris Mullin, who used to play for Golden State.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth going on Youtube and searching for &quot;Ray Allen shooting technique&quot; for tips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2176" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T15:02:03.900" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4287" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4290" CreationDate="2014-03-19T15:19:23.420" Score="4" ViewCount="25755" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be a lot of cricket fans on this site so I was wondering can anyone explain the major differences between 20/20 cricket and test cricket? I was reading an article recently where a cricketer reckoned that 20/20 cricket would kill off test cricket in 20 years so I'm interested in seeing what differences between the two could lead to that happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-03-19T16:14:18.300" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T13:35:24.320" Title="Differences between 20/20 cricket and Test cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4275" CreationDate="2014-03-19T15:34:28.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;TON&quot; stamp on the edge of a cricket bat is the branded logo of SAREEN SPORTS (SS) also known as Sunridges. They brand the edges to ensure that when their bats are used by professional cricketers with other sponsor's labels, the origin of the bat remains. This is a very common practice in India where SAREEN are based. The &quot;TON&quot; stamp also is only applied to English willow bats and &quot;SS&quot; is stamped on Kashmir willow bats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3450" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T15:34:28.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3577" CreationDate="2014-03-19T15:53:28.990" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the official &lt;strong&gt;ICC Squad Registration Form&lt;/strong&gt;, there can be a maximum of 18 players in an squad in both Men's and Women's Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a73aa94e86-ICC%20Squad%20Registration%20Form%20-%20Men%27s%20Cricket.xls&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Squad Registration Form - Men's Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a73e06a074-ICC%20Squad%20Registration%20Form%20-%20Women%27s%20Cricket.xls&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Squad Registration Form - Women's Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3450" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T15:53:28.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4287" CreationDate="2014-03-19T16:31:39.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major differences between Twenty20 (T20) and Test cricket include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Duration&lt;/strong&gt; - A Test match may last up to 5 days, and it is unusual for a Test to be completed within 3 days. T20 cricket lasts a matter of hours - perhaps around 3 hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt; - A Test match has four possible results for a team: a win, a loss, a tie, and a draw. A draw occurs when the time runs out before the match has been completed. To complete a win, a team needs to both score more runs than the other team and normally also take all the wickets of the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T20 does not include the possibility of a draw. To win, it is only necessary to score more runs; it is not required that all the opponents' wickets are taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Innings&lt;/strong&gt; - Each team has two innings in a Test match, of indeterminate length. T20 cricket has one innings per team of 20 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Style and requirements&lt;/strong&gt; - As a consequence of the above factors, the way players approach the game is considerably different in the two forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Test cricket, players have to be fit enough to spend many hours playing, and batsmen have to be prepared to bat with patience for hours. Bowlers can attack more freely and have greater scope for setting fielders where they wish. In T20 cricket, bowlers have to almost always bowl more defensively, as not conceding runs is more important than taking wickets. Batsmen can be more aggressive from the start, and boundaries are more frequent. Fielders are restricted as to where they may be placed on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the two forms can co-exist remains to be seen. On the one hand, several players have demonstrated that it is possible to perform well in both forms, introducing T20 versatility into their Test game. On the other hand, some are concerned that young players' focus on T20 hurts their development of the qualities, such as watchfulness, needed for Test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T08:13:31.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4292" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:24:52.560" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T11:24:52.560" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T11:24:52.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4293" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:24:52.560" Score="0" Body="Questions about the multi sport event, Universiade." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T14:44:22.420" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T14:44:22.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4294" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:26:23.103" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T11:26:23.103" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T11:26:23.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4295" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:26:23.103" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of Trampolining." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T19:00:06.157" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T19:00:06.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4296" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:29:43.610" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T11:29:43.610" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T11:29:43.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4297" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-20T11:29:43.610" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Australian sport of football." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-20T19:00:14.907" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T19:00:14.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2966" CreationDate="2014-03-20T16:04:57.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ball Spin RPM - Starting during the TV coverage by Sky sports for the 2013 Ashes series, they were able to show a RPM (revolutions per minute) counter, showing how fast the ball was spinning after release. It is not clear how this is measured, though it would need a high speed camera focussed on the ball, possibly using the same images that are captured for the Hawkeye system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3450" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T16:04:57.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4268" CreationDate="2014-03-20T16:33:39.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although this may sound redundant - go see a doctor. I generally accept pains for about month, anything longer makes we worry something is wrong. At 2 years...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I would focus on hand-therapy(stretching and warm up regularly throughout the week) rather than equipment. My friend is 30yrs old and couldn't ride a bicycle or drive a car for a long time because after a while he would develop wrist pain. He started a physiotherapy 2 months ago and claims his pain has significantly receded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't been swimming for long, but I've noticed fatigue in my hand because I try to keep my hand firm to avoid too much water flowing between my fingers. Your pain sounds like what I used to get in acrobatics after gripping my partner in a lift for too long or too intensely. But those pains would hold for about a week or two and then go away. Maybe you're form is good, but you started keeping your hands too stiff two years ago (which is hard to observe for a bystander). Maybe you started a different sport at that point in time that could have impacted your hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find the fact that you've had this problem for two years more worrisome than having pain after training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1193" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T16:33:39.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4300" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4301" CreationDate="2014-03-20T19:24:13.910" Score="6" ViewCount="2337" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vvKrI.png&quot; alt=&quot;First Four - 2014&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you'd think that the &quot;First Four&quot; teams would be considered the worst teams in the NCAA Tournament. They have to play themselves into the bracket a couple days before the real tourney starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the teams aren't all vying for a 16 seed, as you might imagine. Why not? Did the NCAA committee decide beforehand that it would make the play-in games for two 16 seeds, a 12 seed, and an 11 seed? Or did it decide the seeding after picking the teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, it seems unfair. What gives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T19:44:16.247" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T03:41:00.173" Title="What is the seeding logic for the March Madness play-in (First Four) teams?" Tags="|basketball|tournaments|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-03-21T21:16:45.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4300" CreationDate="2014-03-20T19:35:09.930" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first four is an appeasement of major conferences, basically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/longform/princeton-georgetown/index.html&quot;&gt;SI/Time piece&lt;/a&gt; outlines a story from the late 80s. The basic tenant of the story was the major conferences had gotten together and decided that the bottom two conferences would be eliminated &lt;em&gt;outright&lt;/em&gt; from the tournament on selection Sunday. Until the Princeton Georgetown game that was very likely to become policy. Instead what happened was a near upset by Princeton caused that discussion to be taken off the table. The small conferences counter offered a play-in game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally the play in game was just the worst two automatic bid schools. Teams that won their conference tournament and had earned their way in. This preserved their automatic bids but also gave the power conferences an additional at large team in the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few years ago, the NCAA decided to expand further. However, they didn't want to minimize the effect of winning small conference tournaments, so instead of having all 4 play in games being automatic bid qualifiers, it was set out that two of the games would be automatic bid schools vying for 16 seeds, and that the other two games would be the final four at-large teams vying for the final at-large seeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year's tournament those seeds were 11 and 12 seeds, however, those seeds can be higher or lower depending on the composition of the rest of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T19:35:09.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4303" CreationDate="2014-03-20T21:45:59.523" Score="11" ViewCount="49904" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could not understand the difference between these two. What is the difference between swing bowling and seam bowling? How does both differ? Can a swing bowler do seam bowling too?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3455" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T04:01:09.823" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T13:35:30.887" Title="What is the difference between swing and seam bowling?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4302" CreationDate="2014-03-20T22:30:29.763" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of these styles of bowling are performed by bowlers who are medium pace or fast bowlers. A swing bowler tries to deceive the batter by getting sideways movement through the air (known as 'swing' in cricket). By contrast, a seam bowler tries to get sideways movement off the pitch by landing the ball right on the seam so that it may deviate one way or the other if it hits an imperfection (such as a crack or lump) on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, a swing bowler will try and 'pitch the ball up' landing the ball closer to the batter. This is because it allows more time in the air for swing to occur, and makes the batter more likely to play a straight bat shot (such as a drive) that might cause them to misplay the ball and get out if they don't pick up the swing. On the other hand, a seamer will generally pitch the ball a little shorter in order to hit the pitch harder (i.e. have a more vertical impact) in order to get more out of any deviation off the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certainly some bowlers who can be classed as predominantly swing bowlers and others who are mostly seam bowlers, but most medium and fast bowlers with try and utilise both techniques at different times, depending on the conditions, the batter and the state of the ball at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="675" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T00:42:43.873" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T00:42:43.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20372" CreationDate="2014-03-20T23:41:30.877" Score="2" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;My fellow sailor said that an ideal sailing boat should turn against the direction of waves when losing control. Then he said that ice sailing boats cannot do this. This is apparently because ice sailing boats do not have a keel. Now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How/why does the ideal sailing boat stop when losing control? Why is this not possible with ice sailing boat without keel?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T19:58:53.620" Title="How should an ideal sailing boat react when losing control? How about ice sailing boat?" Tags="|sailing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-10-18T21:33:33.550" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4305" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-21T04:40:25.480" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T04:40:25.480" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T04:40:25.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4306" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-21T04:40:25.480" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of biathlon - a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-11-09T23:24:06.217" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T23:24:06.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3042" CreationDate="2014-03-21T09:10:48.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mehboob Alam from Nepal took &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/352381.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;all 10 wickets in a World Cricket League match against Mozambique in 2008&lt;/a&gt;. Some very brief commentary on this feat can be found at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-9000/first-bowler-to-take-10-wickets-in-a-limited-overs-international/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Guinness World Records website&lt;/a&gt;, and a match report is available on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wcl/content/story/352471.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3457" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-02-22T21:51:25.870" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T21:51:25.870" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3299" CreationDate="2014-03-21T10:22:11.863" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My guess is that it helps towards either funding for certain aspects of the FA, or in another area such as charitable donations etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fining has to be in place for offenses that are not substantial enough for a ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree the fines are nothing to the footballers, due to there wages but its a good system as the fines must benefit something or they wouldn't be in place &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3458" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T10:22:11.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4309" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-21T11:53:41.310" Score="7" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why isn't Goal Line Technology implemented? Are there any reasons why this technology is not being used in football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rugby has had a system to make the game fair for ages, but football hasn't yet implemented a similar system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3458" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T13:20:38.190" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T21:39:33.133" Title="Goal Line Technology in football" Tags="|football|technology|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4309" CreationDate="2014-03-21T12:33:48.740" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentially it hasn't been introduced by UEFA because the top brass don't support it because of the financial cost. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21970741&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Platini&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I prefer to put more money into youth football and infrastructure than spend it on technology when there's a goal in a blue moon that hasn't been seen by a referee.&quot; &#xA;  &quot;It would cost around 54 million euros (£46m) over five years for this technology, so it's quite expensive for the sort of mistake which happens once every 40 years,&quot; he said.&#xA;  &quot;In the Champions League, I'm very happy with the results (of a five-man team). Practically no mistakes have been made and the referees see practically everything that happens on the pitch.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That interview was from around 2013, I believe he is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9055555/michel-platini-open-to-goal-line-technology-at-euro-2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;open&lt;/a&gt; to the idea of it being used at Euro 2016. FIFA seem to have the seem view of the issue. Some pundits and ex-footballers believe it would also slow down the flow of the game but the main reason for it not being implemented seems to be financial and logistical. I would guess that we will say goal line technology being used in only major tournaments such as the World Cup and major leagues like the English Premier League where the technology is currently being used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an interesting article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/mar/26/andre-marriner-referee-fifa-video-technology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fifa's&lt;/a&gt; attitude towards it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T09:03:44.977" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T09:03:44.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-22T02:36:17.883" Score="5" ViewCount="7400" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a spinner allowed to bowl a bouncer above the shoulder of the batsman? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3463" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-22T03:31:07.200" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T21:21:25.473" Title="Cricket spin bowler bouncer allowed or not?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4312" CreationDate="2014-03-22T03:51:52.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowling rules do not change by bowling type. So a bowler is allowed to bowl &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouncer_%28cricket%29#ICC_Rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;two bouncers&lt;/a&gt; in an over(in Test and ODI) and one in T20I in an over irrespective of bowling type. That means if a bowler bowls more than allowed bouncers in an over, it will be called a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-22T03:51:52.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4315" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4317" CreationDate="2014-03-23T12:32:08.313" Score="11" ViewCount="2092" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much more energy efficient are the new 2014 Formula 1 cars compared to the 2013 cars?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2176" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-03-24T13:56:20.240" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T16:59:46.843" Title="energy efficiency of the 2014 Formula 1 cars?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4312" CreationDate="2014-03-23T22:24:01.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes Spinners can bowl bouncers and it has happened many times in the history of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Few are here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXaGUpx5eAY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Afridi Bouncer to Lara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j8G7DSyGfM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Shane Warne Bouncer to KP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastActivityDate="2014-03-23T22:24:01.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4315" CreationDate="2014-03-24T05:18:05.277" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;2014 introduced a new rule that fundamentally changes much of the strategy behind a Formula 1 race.  F1 cars are now limited to 100 kg of fuel per race, and limited to a maximum fuel flow of 100 kg/hour.  Prior to this year, there were no fuel limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2013, F1 vehicles typically used 160 kg of fuel per race at a flow of 170 kg/hour (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2014/1/15408.html&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).  The new limits require vehicles to use approximately one-third less fuel in each race than they did last year.  For efficiency in terms of distance per unit of fuel (miles per gallon), this means that this year the vehicles will be about one-third more efficient than last year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before this year, cars could burn as much fuel as necessary to get as fast as possible.  Under the new fuel limit rules, cars can only go as fast as they can while staying under the fuel limits.  The penalty for breaking these rules is disqualification, as Daniel Ricciardo found out last week at the Australian Formula 1 Grand Prix, when he finished second, but was later disqualified when it was determined that his car exceeded the 100 kg/hour flow limit (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-16/ricciardo-disqualified-rosberg-wins-australian-grand-prix/5324408&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T05:18:05.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4304" CreationDate="2014-03-24T09:08:56.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what you mean by &quot;losing control&quot; and by &quot;ideal sailing boat&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some boats are designed for cruising, some for off-shore, some for racing. They each make compromises when out of their ideal conditions. For example a racing boat may have a lighter keel which needs to be longer to generate sufficient righting moment, but this would prevent it from entering shallow bays. Meanwhile a cruising boat carries an engine, fuel, cooker, fridge and large compact keel which means it won't accelerate like a racing boat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If losing control means being overcome by excessive wind or waves, then to some extent the sail plan can be chosen to encourage the boat to head up into the wind as it heels over and most boats will do this anyway. In the extreme case, boats can be designed to be &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boatdesign.net/forums/stability/philosophy-self-righting-30255.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;self-righting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If losing control means that the crew are incapacitated or washed overboard, then it would be helpful if the boat would stop or at least slow down a lot. In reality this will depend on the point of sail they are on (reach, run, beat, etc) and whether the controls are being held by the crew, as is often the case in a dinghy, or cleated off as is more usual in yachts due to the forces involved. In the latter case there would need to be some way for the boat/system to detect that the crew were not in control. Maybe there's a short-range wristwatch transmitter that would trigger the boat to stop if it went out of range?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps an &quot;ideal&quot; sailing boat would automatically &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hove_to&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;heave-to&lt;/a&gt; or something similar when controls are released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know much about ice-sailing boats, but I imagine they have some way of counter-balancing the heeling caused by the wind, presumably they are catamarans. In theory they could also be designed to head up into the wind when over-powered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T09:08:56.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4321" CreationDate="2014-03-24T09:42:39.897" Score="6" ViewCount="4338" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have some doubts regarding net run rate in the ongoing ICC world twenty 20 2014 event.It takes a while to read so please don't hesitate and give me a solution regarding this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My doubt is that in match 12 of world twenty 20 2014(In Group Stage Last Match on march 21 2014) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/match/682929.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;See Scorecard here&lt;/a&gt;) Wesley Barresi of Netherlands hit a six when the team score was 187 while chasing Ireland score of 189, That take Netherlands score to 193.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that is the case in match 17 between India and West Indies in match of super10 group (in ICC world twenty 20 2014 on march 23 2014) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/match/682919.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;See Scorecard here&lt;/a&gt;) while Suresh Raina (India) hit a four when the team score was 129 while chasing West Indies score of 129,That takes India Only To 130. why Only One run is added to the score in this match(match 17 on march 23 2014) while 6 runs are added to the score in match 12 on march 21 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the strategy behind this.Because if India's Score is taken as 133 then India's net run rate as of now(24 march 2014) will be 0.442(Runs Scored For 264 in 38.1 overs ) But Now it is only 0.383(Runs Scored For 261 in 38.1 overs ).As the net run rate plays an important role in the tournaments like this i am not very happy with this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As being an Indian Fan now a days I look a lot in to net run rate as it has eliminated India in many tournaments including last ICC world twenty 20 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is There Any One who can clarify my doubts regarding the net run rate as i want to be sure of what was happening?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3469" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T07:59:14.703" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T07:59:14.703" Title="How is the Net Run Rate calculated in ICC World Twenty 20 events?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|statistics|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3774" CreationDate="2014-03-24T10:05:48.877" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;strong&gt;hims056&lt;/strong&gt; is correct that Net run rate is counted by total scored runs by team.&#xA;But the final team score if the batsmen hits a boundary or Six when the scores are level will be taken as 121 if the batsmen were crossed before the ball reaches the boundary.if the batsmen have not crossed each other then it will be taken as 123.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually There were two incidents happened like this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.India Vs Pakistan 21 march 2014(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/india-pakistan-world-t20-score-error-net-run-rate/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Check Here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/match/682921.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See Scorecard&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.India Vs West Indies 23 march 2014&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4319/how-the-net-run-rate-is-calculated-in-icc-world-twenty-20-2014&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Check Here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/match/682929.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See Scorecard&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But As far as net run rate calculation is concerned he (&lt;strong&gt;hims056&lt;/strong&gt;) is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3469" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T11:29:14.400" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4319" CreationDate="2014-03-24T10:16:40.520" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the second time this issue has been happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually there is a law in cricket that if the second batting team won the match before the ball reaches the boundary, the boundary runs will not be added to the scorecard. Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2121/does-the-batsman-get-runs-on-no-ball-when-the-team-requires-only-1-run-to-win/2134#2134&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, that if the bowler bowls a no-ball while team require 1 run to win, then the runs conceded in that delivery will not be added to the scorecard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/match/682929.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a quote&lt;/a&gt; in cricinfo about the last ball of India VS West Indies match that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the batsmen crossed the crease before the ball reached the boundary so&#xA;  it is scored as a single.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, Rohit Sharma didn't crossed the crease, only Raina did it. Rohit started celebrating after seeing there was no fielder to stop the ball from reaching boundary. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/india-pakistan-world-t20-score-error-net-run-rate/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The same thing was happened against Pakistan&lt;/a&gt; that the disciplined Raina reached the crease before the ball went for boundary, but Kohli didn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the issue is, the batsmen reached the crease or not. There is no issue with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2556/how-the-net-runrate-for-each-team-is-calculated-in-ipl?rq=1&quot;&gt;calculation&lt;/a&gt; of net run-rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T10:16:40.520" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3529" CreationDate="2014-03-24T13:20:13.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pay attention to your body, and which of your workouts is 'hurting' you more?  This may change over time as you get stronger at each aspect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider rotating or moving the extra rest day to support the aspect you are weakest in, at the moment, since it is the recovery that makes you stronger as the muscles recover and rebuild.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2014-03-24T13:20:13.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7383" CreationDate="2014-03-24T19:09:16.750" Score="5" ViewCount="4842" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the beginning of every cricket match, I have seen each and every player from both the sides are accompanied by a child. Why exactly are they accompanied by children ? &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uYLGs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1354" LastActivityDate="2022-10-29T01:28:28.257" Title="Accompanying children for national anthem" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4266" CreationDate="2014-03-25T03:10:26.147" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Knowing how much vertical jumping is important in basketball, some &lt;strong&gt;safe&lt;/strong&gt; plyometric workouts for 10-12 y/o kids would be to have them squat down and jump up as high as possible while reaching up with one or both hands and hit a flag or a point directly above them. Then, upon landing, immediately jump up again and attempt to reach higher. It is important to use both upper and lower body movement, to keep landings short, and to perform multiple jumps in succession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another exercise to work on quick muscle twitching, and foot speed would be to have them run various ladder drills. Some good drills include: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Two Step High Knee Drill - Simply step both feet into each space of the ladder, one at a time, as you forward.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The High Knee Drill - This drill is very similar to the Two Step High Knee Drill, but you’ll only be landing one foot in each space on the ladder.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Right Legged Thrust Drill - only the right leg will be inside the ladder while the left leg will stay on the outside for balance and support&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Left Legged Thrust  Drill - Opposite of the The Right Legged Thrust Drill&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Double Foot Shuffle Drill - Begin on the left side of the ladder, directly beside the first space. Then step each foot into the first space one at a time (right foot first, then left foot). Continuing right, immediately step each foot outside of the ladder one at a time, (again, right foot first, then left foot). As you step outside the ladder, plant with the outside foot (the right foot) and then step into the ladder’s second space (this time, left foot in first, followed by the right foot).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Single Foot Shuffle Drill - Begin the same way as the Double Foot Shuffle. Step into the ladder with each foot, one at a time (right foot, then left foot). Then step out on the other side with just the outside (right) foot. Then, step into the second space with your left foot, step with the right, step outside the ladder with your left foot, and then step into the third space with your right foot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are some very basic exercises for developing fast twitch muscles, which are easy and safe for the ages previously mentioned. Hope these descriptions make sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3475" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T03:10:26.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-25T12:10:50.017" Score="1" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please somebody explain, why can't referee just wait a few seconds, and look at the at the telebim, and then decide if it was a foul, or if ball crossed the goal line. It would solve many issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3476" LastEditorUserId="3478" LastEditDate="2014-03-25T14:04:05.450" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T02:48:10.277" Title="Referee's mistakes in football/soccer" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-03-28T13:27:59.367" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3976" CreationDate="2014-03-25T12:41:21.667" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I would do, not necessarily what will work for you, would be to practice keeping your eyes open for the single somersault, until you get comfortable with that and figure out what works for you. During your take off you should look forward and focus on one point that catches your eyes so that you know when to kick out. So I would continue to practice this until you find out what works for you during the single somersaults, and then once you have figured out how to keep your eyes open for that, I would then advance to the double somersaults and try the same technique that was used to work for the single somersault. This may take a lot of time, and may be a little frustrating at times as it sounds as you have developed performing them with closed eyes as a habit, but having opened eyes definitely makes the double much easier (at least for me). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3475" LastEditorUserId="3475" LastEditDate="2014-03-25T12:52:36.620" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T12:52:36.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3893" CreationDate="2014-03-25T12:51:48.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was interested in this question after I read it, as I often wondered the same thing. There are definitely those players that use the media and use it as a tool to smack-talk other teams, and then there are those players that use the media as a tool to build team chemistry and compliment the work done by not only themselves but also their teammates. A quote that I found that hopefully helps is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Players must be available to the media following every game and regularly during the practice week as required under league rules and their contracts and as noted above. It is not permissible for any group of players to boycott the media. Star players with heavy media demands must be available to the media that regularly cover their teams at least once during the practice week in addition to their required post-game media availability. This applies to a maximum of one or two players per team only. The minimum for such players of one practice-week availability to local media does not include other required media obligations such as visiting team conference calls, network production meetings, and national media interviews arranged by the team.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source for this quote is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballwriters.org/nfl-media-policy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.profootballwriters.org/nfl-media-policy/&lt;/a&gt; if you want to further investigate the media policies of the NFL. Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3475" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T12:51:48.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3302" CreationDate="2014-03-26T13:24:21.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mundod.lavoz.com.ar/futbol/talleres-y-una-racha-historica-con-sus-penales&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; on line newspaper (that has his corresponding real version), the record is holded by a team with 7 penalties (but it doesn't said in how many matches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it has info about this team, Talleres de cordoba, who in 1952 has 6 penalties in 5 consecutives matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T13:24:21.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4326" CreationDate="2014-03-26T13:36:32.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short version answer: Because is not in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long version answer: It can be implemented, but if you look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4309/477&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question answers, you could see that there are other important aspect of the game that could be improved.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 4th referee (or the 6th in a 5 referee game) could watch and decide, but it would involve several changes in the rules, like stopping time, give power to another officer to make the call, and what to do in that situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T14:39:42.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-26T18:27:34.903" Score="4" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to develop enought hip flexibility to do the splits as fast as possible, basicaly using Jill Miller's &#xA;&quot;Harmonizing Hips From Inside Out&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pranamaya.com/miller-hips.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.pranamaya.com/miller-hips.html&lt;/a&gt;) video. Right know I have extremely low flexibility in muscules and joints. What is best training schedule in my case (or verified &quot;how to do the splits&quot; complete program)? 3/4/5/7 times a week? 1/2 times a day? Or if it's very individual thing - how can I define what is best for me? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3481" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-26T18:45:23.273" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T16:12:11.510" Title="What is the best schedule to learn to do the splits?" Tags="|training|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4342" CreationDate="2014-03-26T23:02:32.420" Score="3" ViewCount="2966" Body="&lt;p&gt;In recent matches I can see that LED stumps are used in twenty twenty world cup. Heard that it is very costly. Why do they use that? Does it help for anything or only for fun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3455" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T09:38:54.670" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T18:38:36.647" Title="How does the LED stumps help in Cricket?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|wicket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4312" CreationDate="2014-03-26T23:04:51.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spinner can also bowl any type of bowls which other bowlers bowls. There is no restriction. Spinners sometime bowl yorker or bouncer depending on the situation of the match. I remember many spinners using at least yorkers in matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3455" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T23:04:51.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21" CreationDate="2014-03-27T02:29:24.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Me too. I too have long history of hurt, no one understanding, and it affected hockey And alpine skiing too. Without history, As a kid Imhad leather skates, like kangaroo leather tacks and the killed until stretched out. No socks. could not use top three eyelets. Then when skates went all synthetic, they would not &quot;break in&quot; in any more. Only plastic Micron Quads worked-- with no footbeds. Finally, my figure skating niece said go see Scotty Cook in Wilmington MA. His dad used to MAKE boots for his big sister because of fit trouble Scot had learned how to for and modify boots. I was put into some Swiss made Grafs with footbed s he made. He shimmed the blades for me to adjust for left foot pronation. No sole pain. A couple of trials on ice and he punched out pinch points. And the shimming? After a lifetime of &quot;trouble going left&quot; especially back to front turn on defence, all was good.&#xA;Lesson? Find someone who has shoemaking skills around skating. Mostly there's experienced folks work with Figure skaters. But some gurus are around in hockey areas but not so much. Mostly kids in hockey who's feet hurt just quit. If you haven't or know a kid who's feet hurt in soles and balls of feet help them to find a fitter who really knows.&#xA;And don't worry about what brand of boot. Just use what filter says. Right now I am (still) on CCM 652 tacks, somehow the fitter finds &quot;old-new stock&quot;. Lost the grads in a fire, those Swiss Made boots were great, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are here still? Here's the &quot;flat foot&quot; problem in a nutshell. You have flat feet. When you clamp those feet into a boot that forces an arch, it puts a curve into the tendons on the bottom of your foot. A curve is a longer distance than a strait line so your tendons are pulled extra tight, more than YOUR normal. then your skating posture bends the knee and requires forward bend at the ankle. The tendons are now pulled tight like a piano string. NOT normal FOR YOU. Result, pain, inflammation, misery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way the same exact trouble occurs for the foot type in downhill ski boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One home remedy is to place cardboard shims under std footbed heel, taper them so you have an even load from heal to toe, which makes the arch go away and reduces the amount you bend at the ankle. If this helps then go find a true skat guru (nearly all are Figures boot techs) and commit to work with them. Anyone with this foot pain type, including any child you know, it will change your hockey life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3482" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T04:18:25.453" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T04:18:25.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4338" CreationDate="2014-03-27T03:28:04.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me first tell you that it is not for fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a new technology which was first tested and used in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bash_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KFC Big Bash League&lt;/a&gt; in Australia. The main purpose of using it is, it will help the 3rd umpire to give the right decision for close calls when it comes to run out or stumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The LED light flashes only when the bail is completely dislodged from the stumps which means the 3rd umpire can get a clear view whether the bails are dislodged completely or not. On the basis of light flash he can make the decision so that the probability of making wrong decisions will reduce drastically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-05-07T18:37:56.617" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T18:37:56.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4338" CreationDate="2014-03-27T05:03:35.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the latest innovation in cricket which is invented by Bronte EcKermann. These high-tech stumps are called as &lt;em&gt;Zings&lt;/em&gt;. The entire set-up during a match costs US$ 40,000. The main purpose of the LED stumps is to help the third umpire for decisions of stump outs and run outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/slide-show-1-mahendra-singh-dhoni-to-get-souvenir-led-stumps-only-if-india-win-icc-world-t20-cricket/20140326.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The idea was to make it touch friendly. The light might not glow if someone tries to hit with a hammer but if the wicketkeeper touches the bail with ball in his gloves and even a feather touches, it would. &lt;strong&gt;It would make the decisions easier for the third umpire as to what exactly was impact when bail was dislodged from the stumps&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than this, it enhances the spectator experience during the match not only for the spectator at the match but also those watching in broadcast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;* Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/zing-thing-40k-glowing-stumps-to-add-glitter-to-world-t20/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/zing-thing-40k-glowing-stumps-to-add-glitter-to-world-t20/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T05:03:35.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4338" CreationDate="2014-03-27T10:10:50.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the LED stumps were first used in the Big Bash League, its Senior Manager had this to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;These light up stumps are all about enhancing the spectator&#xA;  experience during BBL matches and ensuring that the BBL remains highly&#xA;  entertaining for the fans,&quot; BBL Senior Manager Anthony Everard said in&#xA;  a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The stumps do not have any effect on the playing conditions nor will&#xA;  they be used in any part for umpire decisions,&quot; he added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without doubt, it will definitely help the umpires but the management didn't place those fancy toys for that purpose in the first place. But today, when it's being used in an ICC event, it looks like it may be serving its implicit purpose: helping an umpire in trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/flashing-wickets-latest-innovation-in-twenty20-sees-stumps-light-up-8393130.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-05-07T18:38:36.647" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T18:38:36.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4302" CreationDate="2014-03-27T10:16:55.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply put, swing bowling involves making the ball to move while it is travelling in the air and seam bowling is more about movement off the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand seam bowling, imagine a medium pacer who comes in and tries bowling a off or leg spin delivery. Only that he/she is not &quot;spinning&quot; the ball. The irregularity on the cricket ball due to the presence of the threaded seam will do it for the bowler. Hence the name &quot;seam&quot; bowling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T10:16:55.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4207" CreationDate="2014-03-27T14:43:43.750" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the relevant information from the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation#Early_football_leagues_in_England&quot;&gt;Promotion and Relegation&lt;/a&gt;. Originally the teams who finished bottom of the Football League (the top competition at the time) faced a process of re-election.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The new league was not universally accepted as England's top-calibre competition right away. To help win fans of clubs outside&#xA;  the Football League, its circuit was not closed; rather, a system was&#xA;  established in which the worst teams at the end of each season would&#xA;  need to win re-election against any clubs wishing to join.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Football Alliance (formed 1889) merged with the Football League in 1892 but not on equal terms. Most of the Alliance teams were entered into the newly formed Football League 2nd Division. The top teams in the 2nd division then replaced the worst teams in the 1st division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For decades, teams finishing near the bottom of The Football League's&#xA;  lowest division(s) faced re-election rather than automatic relegation.&#xA;  But the principle of promotion and relegation had been firmly&#xA;  established, and it eventually expanded to the football pyramid in&#xA;  place today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the system of relegation evolved from a series of mergers with other leagues, teams from the newly merged leagues would be entered into lower leagues like the 2nd or 3rd and earn promotion through their league standing rather than election to a higher league. I guess the system came about to ensure their was equality for all the teams and that teams were not gaining promotion based on how teams were voting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T15:12:17.550" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T15:12:17.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:06:39.343" Score="8" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to fix my head and hip positioning by looking down instead of forward and pressing my chest and / or head down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's kind of awkward to press your chest down while also looking down and keeping your head at the surface of the water. My friend tells me that I was swimming with my whole body about an inch below the surface. But I'm pretty sure it was faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some videos, Phelps looks like he's looking pretty far forward, so I tried to look a little forward and press only my chest. That felt like it really worked to get my hips on the surface and my head at the top, but I was told that my head was still underwater and it also didn't feel quite as fast. It was also hard to press the chest without feeling like I was looking way too far forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure I'll get used to this, but when I press my chest down, I feel like I have so much less breath. I'm a sprinter, so it's less of a big deal, but I'm hoping that goes away eventually or is at least normal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the later positions I've tried for head and hip position have made my upper lats through my shoulders through the top of the arm ache/hurt, and this aching is accentuated when I switch to a kickboard for kicking sets. I think I've become lazy in my arm pulls as I work on other technical issues (which may be contributing to this), but part of it I think is that my arm is floating above my head and body so when I rotate and pull the arm, it doesn't have as much power. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thorpe complicates the whole issue because apparently he lets his hips drop a little so he can use his legs to power him along better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can I do to alleviate these issues and how can I get a better head and hip position for sprinting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3485" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T17:15:42.440" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T12:39:07.883" Title="Head Position in Swimming" Tags="|technique|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4387" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:15:59.657" Score="9" ViewCount="1014" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I turn my head to breathe (almost always to the left), I reach my head out to the left. I think this is probably because I am reaching with my right arm, and trying to reach as far as I can is throwing my head out of alignment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also breathe for too long. It's only like a half second too long, but every half second counts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as I have been pressing my chest and head to get my hips up lately, I have found it increasingly difficult to do a quick, straight breath. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some drills for these breathing issues? How else can I fix these problems?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3485" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T10:12:44.643" Title="Bad Breathing Habits in Swimming" Tags="|technique|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4349" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:20:23.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Freestyle in general can refer to any sport where rules have been relaxed for this particular play;&#xA;Freestyle is also used to directly express a few specific sports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Freestyle Walking&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The art of freestyle walking (loosely related to free running) is a means of self-expression and creative interaction with one's environment. Freestyle walkers use leaps and air moves, clever footwork, dance or any non-traditional walking movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Freestyle Wrestling&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Freestyle wrestling is a style of amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world. Along with Greco-Roman, it is one of the two styles of wrestling contested in the Olympic games. It is, along with track and field, one of the oldest organized sports in history. American high school and college wrestling is conducted under different rules and is termed scholastic and collegiate wrestling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Freestyle Skateboarding&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The emphasis in freestyle is technical flat ground skateboarding. Often a freestyler will need little more than a board and a smooth, flat surface. Music and choreography have always been an essential part of the professional freestyle routine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Freestyle Swimming&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Freestyle is a category of swimming competition, defined by the rules of the International Swimming Federation (FINA), in which competitors are subject to only limited restrictions on their swimming stroke. (In other words, they have great freedom with respect to their swimming style.) The stroke used almost universally in freestyle races is the front crawl, as this style is generally the fastest. This swimming style is also the most common and has greater distances, such as 1500M or the 1650 yard swim. For this reason, the term freestyle is sometimes used as a synonym for front crawl&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user6364" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:30:08.127" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:30:08.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4350" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:20:23.430" Score="0" Body="Freestyle refers to very specific sporting events, as well as a broader arena encompassing any sporting event; the former are extremely niche (listed below) while the latter can encompass any sporting event, provided it is operating in less than professional capacity. &#xD;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user6364" LastEditDate="2014-09-24T07:14:30.150" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T07:14:30.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4351" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4352" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" Score="0" Body="Questions about the butterfly discipline in swimming." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T17:22:33.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4353" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:22:46.073" Score="4" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;When sprinting with fins, and especially now that I'm trying to press my chest and head down and get my hips up, I can feel a pretty significant amount of drag as my arm recovers. I think this is due to the bowl of water I'm lying in because the fins are so powerful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is what elite swimmers have to deal with to a degree even without the fins, and dealing with it even at my level is probably helpful. How do they prevent the most drag as their arms are coming forward in the recovery part of the stroke? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3485" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T20:04:58.337" Title="Swimming with Fins Versus Elite Swimmers" Tags="|technique|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4355" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:33:09.717" Score="7" ViewCount="3321" Body="&lt;p&gt;Freestyle times (46.91 WR for 100m) tend to be faster than butterfly (49.82 WR for 100m) times. However, the &quot;peak speed&quot; for butterfly is faster than freestyle&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_stroke#Speed_and_ergonomics&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. Would this have to do with an aerodynamic or technical effect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the technical differences between freestyle and butterfly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T13:19:54.630" Title="What are the technical differences between freestyle and butterfly swimming?" Tags="|technique|swimming|freestyle|butterfly|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4354" CreationDate="2014-03-27T17:43:50.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without elaborating on the technical differences, because I'm probably not qualified to give a full answer in that respect, I'll answer the first part. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason butterfly has a higher peak speed is that you are pulling with both arms at once. When pulling with both arms, you're going faster than the one arm pull of freestyle. When recovering both arms, you are slower than the average freestyle speed in which you're pretty much always moving an arm or staying long in the water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamunify.com/cseksc/__doc__/Butterfly%20mechanics.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This pdf&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The large power impulse generated by the simultaneous double-arm&#xA;  pulling pattern  yields great propulsive potential; however, during&#xA;  the arm recovery phase there  is no propulsion generated. This creates&#xA;  a minor ‘dead space’ in the stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://kristinaslewis.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/0/7/6107494/butterfly_stroke.ppt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This ppt&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...since speed drops significantly during the recovery phase, it is&#xA;  overall slightly  slower than the freestyle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not entirely sure why the tradeoff ends up being slower. I know if you run into a wind for distance x and then with the wind for the same distance, it's slower than running with no wind, and that can be proven with simple math. Maybe that is the situation. You're pulling twice as hard and then getting no pull. And you can't be as long in the water all the time during butterfly, which is a big reason for speed. All the elite swimmers are pretty tall with large wingspans. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T13:19:54.630" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T13:19:54.630" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4309" CreationDate="2014-03-27T18:04:28.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English Premier League have brought goal line technology in for the first time this season. All referees have a special watch that gives them a signal if the ball has crossed the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3486" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T18:04:28.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4201" CreationDate="2014-03-27T21:33:34.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will take the other approach. I support the new training. 1.5 hours is less than the 2 to 3 hours she'll be swimming in high school. If she is elite enough, then it will be even more time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Burnout is always a concern. Something comforting is that Missy Franklin apparently had a &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303674004577434550791785644&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;very similar workout regimen &lt;/a&gt; to the one you're considering for your daughter. She swam a couple hours for 5 or 6 days a week and had two dryland days. And I knew a great swimmer who stopped club swimming a couple times. She always went back to it though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm admittedly biased in the burnout realm. I favor the extra work instead. I was like your daughter - faster than all the swimmers my age. I only swam summers before high school though. I could beat anyone who swam only summers. But a lot of club swimmers blew me away. I watched so many swimmers join club, bulk up, fix their technique, and slowly catch and surpass me. I hated it, but my parents would never put me in year round. I still really wish I'd given it a try. Technique and bulk were everything I was missing. If she really wants to do it, I wouldn't try to hold her back. If she gets tired of the extra workout, she can always drop back to her current club for a while. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 am is very early for a 7 year old. You will have to see if you can put her to bed early enough. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://usaswimming.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabId=1480&amp;amp;Alias=Rainbow&amp;amp;Lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;28.59 is the 10 and under girls record&lt;/a&gt; for 50 meters in USA Swimming. That means that for a national record, she would need to shave 10 seconds in 3 years. If breaking a national record wasn't so hard, I'd be inclined to think your daughter could get very close to that with the right training work. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3485" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T21:33:34.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4260" CreationDate="2014-03-27T22:59:50.057" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I have seen, there are no specific rules mentioning this case. Some matches I have seen umpire calling it as just wide and some cases, it is also called as over the shoulder too. So the answer is it depends on the umpire, just like how LBW is called when player steps out of the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3455" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T22:59:50.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-27T23:03:48.587" Score="3" ViewCount="6169" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket there are lot of terminologies used. One such thing is &quot;duck&quot;. Why do they call it with that name? Is there any historical reasons for this? How did that name come?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3455" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:11:14.183" Title="Why is getting out for zero is called duck in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4361" CreationDate="2014-03-28T04:01:02.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The name is believed to come from the shape of the number &quot;0&quot; being similar to that of a duck's egg. Hence for scoring zero runs is termed as &quot;DUCK&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman get out on the first ball faced by him is known as &quot;Golden Duck&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman get out on the first ball of the innings then it is known as &quot;Diamond Duck&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman get out for Zero in both the innings of the test match it is termed as &quot;Pair&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T14:11:14.183" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:11:14.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4364" CreationDate="2014-03-28T07:30:59.337" Score="4" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many overs are required to bowl to avoid reserve day in the final of World T20 2014?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see a day reserve day in Cricinfo fixtures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3466" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-29T13:56:27.613" LastActivityDate="2014-04-29T13:56:27.613" Title="How many overs are required to bowl to avoid reserve day in the final of World T20 2014?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4363" CreationDate="2014-03-28T07:51:50.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reserve day is used only if the match is not completed even after applying the D/L method. So if it is not possible to complete full quota of the innings (i.e. 20 overs in T20 matches), the D/L method is applied which requires minimum &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis_method#Application&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5 overs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to be played per side in T20 matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means if both teams play minimum &lt;strong&gt;5 overs&lt;/strong&gt; each, the match will be completed and the reserve day will be avoided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T07:51:50.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4365" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-03-28T08:05:36.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ICC Cricket World Cup is the premiere global 50-over competition organized by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.stackexchange.com/tags/icc/info&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/a&gt;. It is held on average every four years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag also includes the following tournaments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ICC World Twenty20, often referred to as the Twenty20 World Cup, held every two years&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ICC Test Championship which will be staged &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/646147.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2017 onwards&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T12:49:34.543" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T12:49:34.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4366" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-03-28T08:05:36.117" Score="0" Body="Questions about the ICC Cricket World Cup, not to be confused with other global ICC tournaments, such as the ICC Champions Trophy, Asia cup, etc." OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-29T13:38:37.070" LastActivityDate="2014-04-29T13:38:37.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4368" CreationDate="2014-03-28T09:31:25.423" Score="3" ViewCount="2836" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it permitted for a player to take the LED stumps or at least bails to home after winning the match at least in the final?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard it costs  Rs. 25 lakhs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3466" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T10:12:41.633" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T10:12:41.633" Title="Is it allowed to take the LED stumps to home after winning the match?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|wicket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4367" CreationDate="2014-03-28T09:40:27.417" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I said in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4343/540&quot;&gt;my previous answer&lt;/a&gt;, Zings, the new high-tech LED stumps, are very costly. The entire set-up during a match costs US$ 40,000. That's why Bronte EcKermann, the inventor of Zings doesn't allow players to uproot them after winning the match. He also denied to take them even after winning the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as an exception he said that he will allow MS Dhoni, the captain of the Indian Cricket team, to take the stumps only if India win the T20 World Cup 2014:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Well, this is a very costly system. The entire set-up during a match costs US$ 40,000 (Rs 25 lakh approx), so I don't allow the players to uproot it during any celebrations. But I know Dhoni loves keeping a souvenir stump. &lt;strong&gt;If India can win the final, I might get into some arrangement with Dhoni,&quot; EcKermann, the inventor of LED stumps&lt;/strong&gt;, said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/slide-show-1-mahendra-singh-dhoni-to-get-souvenir-led-stumps-only-if-india-win-icc-world-t20-cricket/20140326.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T09:40:27.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4373" CreationDate="2014-03-28T19:01:34.703" Score="7" ViewCount="2826" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would happen when a player, after being shown the red card, refuses to leave the pitch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3495" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T19:44:22.373" Title="Procedure if a football player, when sent off, refuses to leave the pitch" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-10-07T08:36:45.033" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4372" CreationDate="2014-03-28T19:44:22.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2013/2014&lt;/a&gt;, a player that has been sent off the field is considered an &lt;strong&gt;outside agent&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outside agents&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Anyone not indicated on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is &#xA;  deemed to be an outside agent, as is a player who has been sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an outside agent enters the field of play:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •  the referee must stop play (although not immediately if the outside agent &#xA;  does not interfere with play)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •  the referee must have him removed from the field of play and its immediate &#xA;  surroundings&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •  if the referee stops the match, he must restart play with a dropped ball &#xA;  from the position of the ball when the match was stopped, unless play was &#xA;  stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on &#xA;  the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the &#xA;  ball was located when play was stopped&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In November 2009, amateur footballer Paul Cooper was given a red card and refused to leave, yelling and arguing with the referee.  The referee showed him a second red card, and he still refused to leave.  Cooper ended up getting shown the red card 6 times over a period of 5 minutes before he left the game, and play continued.  The Scottish Amateur Football Association banned him from football for two years and fined his team £150.  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/footballer-picks-up-world-record-1050870&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T19:44:22.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2014-03-29T08:24:18.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have an iOS device, you might find this app handy: &lt;a href=&quot;https://rungap.zendesk.com/entries/45048583-Using-Endomondo-with-RunGap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://rungap.zendesk.com/entries/45048583-Using-Endomondo-with-RunGap&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T08:24:18.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4445" CreationDate="2014-03-29T18:25:46.667" Score="10" ViewCount="950" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gael_Clichy&quot;&gt;Gael Clichy&lt;/a&gt; during the Arsenal vs. Manchester City game, I noticed that he was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gael_Clichy#Manchester_City&quot;&gt;signed from Arsenal for an undisclosed fee&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownership_of_Arsenal_F.C.&quot;&gt;Arsenal is a public limited company&lt;/a&gt; - I will admit that I am not very knowledgeable about this financial talk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatasaray&quot;&gt;Galatasaray is in a similar position&lt;/a&gt;, however, they need to declare all of their signings and the signings' total income when the transfer is finalized. Further, they have to declare when transfer talks are in play to not be charged, AFAIK, due to being a public company in the Turkish stock market.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We see a similar situation with Barcelona FC and the signing of Neymar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how can Manchester City and Arsenal manage to hide the exchange of money for a transfer? Shouldn't that be public knowledge?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="396" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-03-30T18:06:37.840" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T06:48:45.380" Title="How can signings have undisclosed fees?" Tags="|football|finances|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4270" CreationDate="2014-03-30T20:18:08.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Test matches, this happened in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-pakistan-2010/content/story/474890.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;controversial&lt;/a&gt; series between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/426416.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;England and Pakistan&lt;/a&gt; in which Mohammad Amir (Pakistan) and IJL Trott (England) were declared joint Man of the Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-03-30T20:18:08.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2014-03-30T20:49:37.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you pushed your centre forward on to my sweeper, who happens to be my most tactically aware player, I'd tell him to play you offside. The way to beat the sweeper system is to be fluid and attack with width and numbers,but at youth level, most teams are more rigid so it is surprising it isn't used more. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3500" LastActivityDate="2014-03-30T20:49:37.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4379" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4386" CreationDate="2014-03-31T02:30:12.757" Score="3" ViewCount="6284" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching televised sports, especially American Football and Basketball, it seems that whenever a player falls or is knocked down, he needs help getting back up. With football, it is somewhat understandable, since they wear pads that get in the way. But for a basketball player, it seems trivial to stand up, yet I often see players sit on the court until another player offers them a hand up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason for this? I understand that one reason might be a form of team camaraderie. But is there any other reason? Is it difficult for the downed player to stand on his own?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edited to add&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the sportsmanship element in helping an opponent (or teammate) up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But today I saw a college basketball player sitting on the court, long after most other players were moving on, waving at teammates to come over and give him a hand up. It wasn't an act of sportsmanship, it seemed more like he needed help simply to stand up (and no, he wasn't injured). I actually see this quite often and it always puzzles me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, I can understand it in football due to the pads they wear affecting mobility when on the ground, but that isn't present in basketball. I don't really watch any other sports, so I don't know if it is prevalent anywhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1740" LastEditorUserId="1740" LastEditDate="2014-03-31T03:39:20.683" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T13:48:10.987" Title="Why do athletes need help standing up?" Tags="|american-football|basketball|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4379" CreationDate="2014-03-31T03:25:16.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless the player is injured, the player could physically get up on their own; if they couldn't, there is no way they would be in physical shape enough to play the game.  Nearly every play in football, however, ends with someone laying down on the field.  At the end of the play, the players still standing typically offer a hand to help the ones that are down, even if they are on the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons other players will lend a hand to help other players up are professionalism, courtesy, sportsmanship (for the players on the other team), and teamwork (for the players on his own team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player helps someone up that they have just tackled, it is acknowledgement that they are both professionals doing a job, and that there are no hard feelings.  Most professional players understand that, although they play on different teams, they are all coworkers, in a sense, and that your opponent this year might be your teammate next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That having been said, sometimes, especially in basketball, there is something else going on.  Again, as with football, if a basketball player truly cannot get up off the floor on their own, they are not well enough to continue to play the game.  Unfortunately, you sometimes see an element of theatrics in basketball.  The player is trying to show that they have been fouled, and so they act hurt.  They'll wave for help to try to draw sympathy, and then they will slam dunk the next ball they get.  Basketball doesn't seem to have the &quot;iron-man,&quot; &quot;shake-it-off,&quot; &quot;tough guy&quot; culture that football has.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-03-31T04:08:55.983" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T04:08:55.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4391" CreationDate="2014-03-31T05:25:36.217" Score="6" ViewCount="8776" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many video cameras are used for broadcasting an international cricket match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially for the current world T20i, they are covering the each and every corner of the stadium. I would like to know the number of cameras used for that including stump cameras and spider cams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think these numbers will also be equal to IPL. Is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T06:59:14.890" Title="How many video cameras are used for cricket broadcasting?" Tags="|cricket|media|indian-premier-league|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4260" CreationDate="2014-03-31T06:51:21.570" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per ICC's standard &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ODI match playing conditions &lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, law 42.4.1 states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... d) ...a ball that passes above head height of&#xA;  the batsman, that prevents him from being able to hit it with his&#xA;  bat by means of a normal cricket stroke shall be called a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e) For the avoidance of doubt any fast short pitched delivery that&#xA;  is called a wide under this playing condition shall also count as&#xA;  one of the allowable short pitched deliveries in that over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answer is &lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt;. It will be counted as one over the shoulder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-03-31T08:04:22.033" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T08:04:22.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4383" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4390" CreationDate="2014-03-31T08:08:32.447" Score="4" ViewCount="3647" Body="&lt;p&gt;In several places, where you can find information about tennis tournaments (for example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 WTA Tour&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_ATP_World_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 ATP World Tour&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia), there are often shortcuts like this: &lt;code&gt;28S/32Q/16D&lt;/code&gt; (Brisbane), &lt;code&gt;128S/128Q/64D/32X&lt;/code&gt; (Australian Open), &lt;code&gt;32S/16Q/16D/4Q&lt;/code&gt; (Rotterdam).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see that they are somehow related to number of players and number of seeded players, but what do these shortcuts mean exactly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T19:55:20.170" Title="Meaning of shortcuts like &quot;128S/96Q/64D/32X&quot; for tennis tournaments" Tags="|terminology|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4383" CreationDate="2014-03-31T08:40:34.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;128S relates to the number of singles, 128Q is related to the number of players qualifying, 64D is doubles and 32X is mixed doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-03-31T14:48:24.537" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T14:48:24.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4379" CreationDate="2014-03-31T16:49:48.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are over-thinking it.  As someone who has played plenty of basketball, the 'reasons' are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sportsmanship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saving energy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Convenience&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take a quick rest while there's a break in the action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No reason&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Just making sure you're ok and not injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of these are because the player is incapable of standing up on his own (unless actually injured).  More often than not, it's just a convenience thing or to get a quick little rest if you're fatigued.  Actually, if you're talking about a player for the Heat or Clippers, disregard everything I just said...they flop and milk it like soccer players :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T16:49:48.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4348" CreationDate="2014-03-31T18:06:13.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should be swimming facing directly down or slightly forwards. If you can imagine an axis going from the top of your spine straight up through the top of your head then when breathing you should rotate your head about this axis. In other words you don't move your head left or right, simply rotate your head to breath. No matter how far you have to reach with your forward arm this axis must always point in the direction you are swimming. A good drill to practice the rotation is to rotate your head only as far as having half your face out of the water. One goggle lens remains underwater during the inhale. You will probably end up pushing your mouth to one side as I do to try to have to get as much open to the air as possible.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you want to breath 'faster' then make sure you completely exhale when you are facing into the water. If you can completely empty your lungs (with a constant exhale over the two or three strokes you face down and not a quick push) then your body will take care of a fast inhale itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T18:06:13.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4383" CreationDate="2014-03-31T19:55:20.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These codes refer to the &lt;strong&gt;draw size&lt;/strong&gt; of various aspects of the tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each category of the tournament, the number of participants in the &lt;strong&gt;main draw&lt;/strong&gt; (the main tournament) is listed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;S: Singles tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;D: Doubles tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X: Mixed doubles tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, at the Rotterdam tournament (32S/16Q/16D/4Q), there were 32 participants in the singles main draw and 16 teams in the doubles tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different ways to get into the main draw.  Some of the participants are &lt;strong&gt;direct acceptances&lt;/strong&gt;, which means that their ATP or WTA rankings are high enough to get into the main draw directly.  Others are &lt;strong&gt;wild cards&lt;/strong&gt;; the tournament organizers have a few spots that they can award to anyone they want.  Finally, some spots in the main draws are for &lt;strong&gt;qualifiers&lt;/strong&gt;; these are players who finished at the top of a qualifying tournament that happens before the main tournament.  If there is a qualifying tournament for a category, the draw size of the qualifying tournament is listed as &quot;Q&quot; after the main draw size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples you mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brisbane (28S/32Q/16D)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Australian Open (128S/128Q/64D/32X)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rotterdam (32S/16Q/16D/4Q)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Brisbane_International_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 Brisbane International Men's Singles&lt;/a&gt; tournament, there were 28 participants in the main draw.  Of those 28, 20 were direct acceptances and 2 were wild cards. There was a qualifying tournament held before the main tournament to fill the remaining spots, and there were 32 participants in this tournament.  Of these 32, 4 were qualifiers, accepted into the main draw having won their bracket in the qualifying tournament.  The remaining 2 places in the main draw were filled by &lt;strong&gt;lucky losers&lt;/strong&gt;, two participants in the qualifying tournament who lost their bracket final, but were still accepted into the main draw due to last minute withdrawals in the main draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brisbane and the Australian Open had no doubles qualifying tournament, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_ABN_AMRO_World_Tennis_Tournament_%E2%80%93_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt; had a small doubles qualifying tournament with 4 teams competing for 1 spot in the doubles main draw.  (The runner-up was admitted as a lucky loser.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Australian Open is the only one of the three examples that had a mixed doubles tournament; there was no qualifying tournament for this category.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T19:55:20.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4381" CreationDate="2014-03-31T20:53:02.843" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/78883/icc-world-twenty20-bangladesh-2014-set-to-break-broadcast-records&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;, it will be around &lt;strong&gt;28&lt;/strong&gt; Cameras.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The production will be among the most sophisticated ever too, with 28&#xA;  cameras,  including seven ultra-motion cameras, Spidercam as well as&#xA;  graphics with key   analytics, all of which will take the viewer right&#xA;  to the heart of the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-16T10:49:29.917" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T10:49:29.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4393" CreationDate="2014-04-01T03:52:13.130" Score="16" ViewCount="13200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a point awarded to my opponent if I serve two lets in a row?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or can I serve as many let serve as I want until one of my services is legal or illegal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3504" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T14:02:41.950" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T11:46:49.950" Title="Are consecutive let (net services) allowed in Table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4392" CreationDate="2014-04-01T05:43:27.023" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;let&lt;/strong&gt; in table tennis is any rally that does not end in a score. The &quot;net service&quot; that you described, where the ball on the service touches the net as it goes over, is one type of let. (All of the circumstances that result in a let are listed in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, section 2.09.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By definition, a let does not result in a point scored. Additionally, the service does not change until a certain number of points are scored. As a result, you can serve multiple &quot;net serves&quot; in a row, and each will be a let. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T15:22:41.473" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T15:22:41.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4395" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-04-01T06:38:17.760" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-04-01T06:38:17.760" LastActivityDate="2014-04-01T06:38:17.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4396" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-04-01T06:38:17.760" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of netball." OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-01T07:37:01.877" LastActivityDate="2014-04-01T07:37:01.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4400" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-01T13:37:47.023" Score="9" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that a lot of training plans have you running most every day with a day or 2 off at different intervals.  Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am currently training for a half marathon.  If I run on Sunday (6.5) I take Monday and Tuesday off and then run the same distance on Wednesday.  I would then take Thursday and Friday off and on Saturday I would run 7.8.  I would then take 2 days off and continue this interval.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has worked really well for me.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I followed the marathon training plans out there I would be running more often at less distances.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there has to be a reason for training the way the marathon training programs suggest.  I am curious as to why those are better than my 1 day on / 2 days off, upping by distance each week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3507" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-01T13:38:04.263" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T00:38:51.073" Title="Why do training plans having you running many days of the week?" Tags="|running|training|marathon|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4400" CreationDate="2014-04-02T13:02:08.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all really depends on what kind of running you are doing. I know that there are some who run distance workouts and take two days off in-between, but I also know some who do tempo interval workouts and take one day off a week. The long run can be the most beneficial, but also can cause the most damage if done too hard, too long, and too frequently. So you can continue doing your individual workout, especially if it seems to be working for you, but be careful with your body as to not overwhelm it. You only get one haha. Throwing some sporadic tempo interval runs may be beneficial for you, as training in only one area may decrease your abilities in another. Many believe there is only one way to run, but there are many different factors and abilities that are tested. Having tempo interval runs will allow you to work on running through tiredness towards the end of the race, and force you to focus on your running form, which one may not necessarily work on if they simply do distance runs and nothing else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3475" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T13:02:08.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4407" CreationDate="2014-04-02T13:38:17.603" Score="7" ViewCount="22073" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears the average professional bowler scores around 230-240 out of 300. In my opinion, this should be much higher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In bowling, unlike other sports, there is one movement you need to perfect: the movement that gets you a strike. There are no other players to tackle you; just you, the ball, and stationary pins. The fact that pros rarely get a perfect 300 leads me to believe that there must be significant variables that I am missing. All I can think of is the ball being used (size, weight, etc.), floor friction, and pin size and weight. However, this doesn't seem enough to account for this semi-low average as these variables will only ever differ by a minuscule amount. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this average so low? What factors contribute to this &quot;semi-low&quot; average?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3513" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-10-25T22:19:50.497" LastActivityDate="2022-12-14T13:07:05.623" Title="Why don't professional bowlers score higher?" Tags="|scoring|bowling|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4315" CreationDate="2014-04-02T16:15:03.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The above answer is a good one but it only addresses fuel efficiency.  There have been other changes noted below that partly allow for this increase in fuel efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for 2014 have also changed regards the Kinetic Efficiency Recovery Systems used, also known as KERS. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These devices harness energy from the cars when they brake and store this energy in batteries so the driver can use this when accelerating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2013 the cars were allowed to harness energy only when braking, the energy harnessed was typically enough for an equivalent 80 BHP boost for 6-7 seconds per lap and would shave around 2 or 3 tenths of a lap time.  This varies depending on the track and conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2014 KERS can be generated under braking (Kinetic) or by using spare heat energy from the engine, they are now referred to as - Motor Generator Unit - Kinetic [MGU-K] and Motor Generator Unit - Heat [MGU-H].  The teams are also allowed bigger battery packs to store more energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Power is now greatly increased due to this and the larger batteries, systems can now harness up to 4 Mega Joules of energy per lap, giving a potential boost of 160 BHP for up to 33 seconds per lap.  This can trim up to 8 seconds off the lap time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When KERS was first introduced in 2011 a lot of teams didn't use it as the benefits weren't obvious - the small lap time gain was offset due to the weight of the system and its reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014 all the teams use this as technological improvements mean the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One final point is the way KERS is now used.  Up to and including 2013 the drivers had a button they could press when they wanted the extra power.  In 2014 the power is automatically delivered when the driver accelerates.  He can modify this behaviour by changing the engine mapping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/8763.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/8763.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="339" LastEditDate="2014-04-02T16:59:46.843" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T16:59:46.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4404" CreationDate="2014-04-02T17:27:53.107" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several &quot;environmental&quot; factors, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1253/oil-patterns-in-bowling&quot;&gt;oil patterns&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3639/how-can-i-be-consistent-in-snooker&quot;&gt;consistency&lt;/a&gt;, as depicted in comments above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, given your expectation that the professional bowler's scoring average should be 280-290 (as opposed to the actual average of 230-240), let's consider &lt;a href=&quot;http://bowling.about.com/od/rulesofthegame/a/bowlingscoring.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;bowling's scoring mechanism&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A strike is worth 10, plus the value of your next two rolls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A spare is worth 10, plus the value of your next roll.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine the scenario of bowling &lt;strong&gt;eleven strikes and one nine-spare&lt;/strong&gt; in a game. If the spare took place in the first frame, your max score is 290. If the spare took place in the second frame, your max score is 280. If the spare took place from the third to ninth frames, your max score is 279. 279 is still the max score if you finish the 10th frame &quot;9/X.&quot; However, if you finish the 10th frame &quot;X9/&quot;, the max score becomes 289.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I am attempting to illustrate is that in order to have an average between 280-290, one would have to bowl, on average, eleven strikes and one (nine-)spare a game. Aforementioned factors along with a low margin of error would make this feat quite impressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T17:27:53.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4400" CreationDate="2014-04-02T20:35:01.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have run 8 marathons and the first 4 I did using traditional programs that involved 5 or 6 days a week of running. But the last 4 I changed it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a huge fan of the FIRST program. Essentially it focuses on quality runs not quantity so you don't get burned out and you have a less chance of being injured.  One day is track, one day tempo and the other a long run.  You are supposed to cross train (bike, swim or row) 2 more days but I have not found it necessary.  You have to really commit to the distances and times so the runs themselves are hard but you only have to do 3 a week.  The program was detailed in the book &lt;strong&gt;Run Less, Run Faster&lt;/strong&gt; by Bill Pierce, Scot Murr and Ray Moss. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3516" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T20:35:01.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3654" CreationDate="2014-04-02T21:34:42.297" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there are no specific drills that will help you improve the &quot;lens-shots&quot; (I think they're called that in English). It'll come naturally as you spend more and more hours on the court. However, some exercises can help you more than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;Boast-straights&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;One player plays in front of the T, and the other one behind it. Of course, both must always try to get back to the T after making a shot. The back-court player makes boasts (shots against the side wall from the back corner, aimed at the opposite side front corner) and the front-court player returns the ball with a straight lens. This is a good exercise for developing your straight shots from the front wall to the rear. It can also be done with 3 players (usually brings a better rythm as well) by having one player in the front and two in the rear (one on each side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) &lt;strong&gt;&quot;The German&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Can be played by any number of players, but only two will be active. The players line up as usual for the serve, but as soon as the serve is done &lt;em&gt;the quarter that the ball was served from becomes a &quot;dead zone&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Thus, you will only use three quarters of the court, and a lot of lens-shots will have to be made. Boasts are another option, when really pressed in the back corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) &lt;strong&gt;One quarter long ball&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I just made the name up, but as it suggests - you only use one of the back quarters for playing. All balls must be hit from, and end up in, that quarter (although it is wise to keep on playing even if a ball ends up somewhere else). Variations can be made, such as switching quarter after a number of successful shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) &lt;strong&gt;Going solo!&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Simply just play the ball back-and-forth by yourself, and try to make it stick to the wall. The downside of this exercise is that you wont have time to move back to the T, thus not making it very match-like. However, it's always good to be able to practise the fundamentals, without having to run around like a headless chicken (which is often the case when I'm playing!). After all, one has to be able to do it without the pressure of a match situation before one will be able to do it in a sharp situation!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck, and hang in there!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-02T21:34:42.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4412" CreationDate="2014-04-03T04:47:30.483" Score="2" ViewCount="26346" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the limited overs cricket match, the overs can be divided between bowlers by maximum 10 per bowler in ODI and 5 in T20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an one day match gets interrupted by rain and started after some time by reducing the overs to 40 or 36 or any, what is the maximum no. of overs allowed for a bowler to bowl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above scenario is for both the innings or only for second innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How will it be for T20I?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T16:19:33.330" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T02:49:44.403" Title="Maximum overs for a bowler in a reduced over match" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-04-03T05:09:22.067" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, maximum overs allowed per players is decided by dividing total overs by 5. &#xA;E.g. in ODI allowed overs per players = Total overs / 5 = 50/5 = 10 overs. T20I = 20/5 = 4 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12.6 from &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC's Standard One Day International Match Playing Conditions &lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Law 12.6 Number of Overs per Bowler&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No bowler shall bowl more than 10 overs in an innings.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a delayed or interrupted match where the overs are reduced for both &#xA;  teams or for the team bowling second, no bowler may bowl more than &#xA;  one-fifth of the total overs allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where the total overs is not divisible by 5, one additional over shall be allowed &#xA;  to the maximum number per bowler necessary to make up the balance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the interrupted matches, the same formula is used. E.g. suppose an ODI match is reduced to 40 overs then maximum allowed overs per player is 40/5 = 8. Another example: in case the match is reduced to 36 overs then maximum allowed overs per player is 35/5 = 7 and one player can bowl that remaining extra over i.e. total 7 + 1 = 8 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt; (regarding your &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4411/maximum-overs-for-a-bowler-in-a-reduced-over-match/4412?noredirect=1#comment9883_4412&quot;&gt;another query&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the match get started with 50 overs per side, after 22 overs gets bowled the match gets interrupted by rain with 4 bowlers used, by sharing 7,7,6,2 overs per bowler. Then the match get restarted with 32 overs per side. Now, how the overs will get divided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such situation the same rule is applied. E.g. here maximum overs per bowler is 30/5 = 6 plus any two bowlers can bowl remaining two overs each. I.e. two bowlers can bowl maximum 7 overs and others can bowl 6 overs each. Since &lt;s&gt;two&lt;/s&gt; three bowlers have already bowled their quota, they won't be able to bowl further. And captain have to bowl with additional bowler as remaining 10 overs can't be completed with two bowlers when one has already bowled 2 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-04-09T07:12:54.513" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4487" CreationDate="2014-04-03T11:53:05.550" Score="7" ViewCount="763" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't know if many people remember watching European football back then but I always enjoyed the Cup Winner's Cup. I was wondering why UEFA decided to get rid of the competition and effectively merge it with the UEFA cup? Was it played on the same night as the UEFA cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T09:21:19.347" Title="Why was the Cup Winner's Cup abandoned?" Tags="|football|history|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4309" CreationDate="2014-04-03T13:09:41.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Platini has said:&quot;I'm totally against the goal-line technology and let us appreciate the humanized football game continually. I insist on my point due to this is not only a problem of technology. What frightens me is that goal-line technology is able to be the beginning of football technicalization &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a confrontational sport, football contains protean situations in confrontation.So the rules is impossible to be rigorous completely.The game need scales which are not need to remain consistency in the different games, but just need both sides in a same game not to violate the rules. Therefore, so far, the refereeing work is done by humans completely. It is only referees can choose and maintain a certain scale according to the different situations in the football games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3521" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T13:09:41.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3518" CreationDate="2014-04-03T13:20:37.393" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So far this delivery has been used for well over a hundred years. But the delivery has recently been re-invented by Saqlain Mushtaq and he occasionally used it. He has stated that the teesra is still a work in progress and that he wants to hone the delivery so that the batsman become even more confused about where the ball is going to spin and whether it will spin at all. Saeed Ajmal claimed to have learned this art and has used it occasionally in the 2011 World Cup and after that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3522" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T13:20:37.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4417" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4418" CreationDate="2014-04-03T18:01:33.280" Score="2" ViewCount="820" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been reading about Bartolo Colon and got intrigued: Which active MLB player has the highest Body Mass Index of the league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2176" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-03T18:16:25.130" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T16:48:58.443" Title="Which active MLB player has the highest Body Mass Index of the league?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4417" CreationDate="2014-04-03T18:08:05.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://xfinity.comcast.net/slideshow/sports-10fattestbaseballplayers/11/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; states that the active MLB player with the highest Body Mass Index is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/f/fieldpr01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Prince Fielder&lt;/a&gt; at 38.4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Prince Fielder is currently* listed at 5'11&quot; 275 lbs. for a BMI of 38.4. However, Bartolo Colon is currently* listed at 5'11&quot; 285 lbs. (265 lbs. in reference list, circa 2011) for a BMI of 39.7.  Depending on current* listings, this would make Bartolo Colon as the active MLB player with the highest Body Mass Index, but this may vary when we consider &lt;strong&gt;listed weight&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;actual weight&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*As of the 2014 MLB season &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-04T16:48:58.443" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T16:48:58.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3704" CreationDate="2014-04-03T18:48:19.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If depends mostly on the mentality of the head coach and his stance on team-specific concepts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether he thinks his players need a full game to maintain momentum heading into the playoffs, and that resting them may add a wrinkle which isn't needed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether he's spoken to team leaders who feel strongly one way or the other&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as well as player-specific questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether certain players have minor injuries which would benefit from a week off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether some players are so good that they can't risk them being on the field (i.e. a franchise quarterback).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also miscellaneous factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether the team has already earned a 1st round-bye and therefore giving players another week off would have minimal impact.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the team is playing in bad conditions which could increase the chances of injury.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whether the team has clinched the playoffs, but may still might be playing for home-field advantage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as whether you should gamble on this type of scenario, remember that the odds-makers know the same information you do, probably much more.  So, it isn't like knowing this information will give you ad advantage, rather it would put you closer to having even odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3524" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T18:48:19.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4116" CreationDate="2014-04-03T23:48:27.157" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;From page 72 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA's 2013-2014 Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may play advantage whenever an infringement or offence occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would include offside, which in Law 11, is considered as an &quot;offence&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally (up until a few years ago), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?p=1469&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;referees could only play advantage from fouls and misconduct (Law 12 offences) and infringements that occurred during the taking of penalty kicks (Law 14 infringements)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was not written in the laws, but was considered common knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-09-17T00:26:32.587" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T00:26:32.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-05T00:16:42.300" Score="11" ViewCount="9701" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some rapid players in the premier league but who is the quickest as of now (2014)? And how fast are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-11T15:06:08.557" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T20:27:23.267" Title="Who was the quickest player in the English Premier League in 2014?" Tags="|football|trivia|tournaments|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4309" CreationDate="2014-04-05T06:23:02.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/23629154&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/23629154&lt;/a&gt; to help Ciaran out. It has been used effectively in the Premier League all season and a cost of £250k to install seems well within the reach of top tier European clubs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T06:23:02.583" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4424" CreationDate="2014-04-05T06:25:32.333" Score="3" ViewCount="9483" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone please elaborate the rule for service in table tennis.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it necessary to serve cross table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T07:58:49.887" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T07:58:49.887" Title="What are rules for serving in Table Tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4423" CreationDate="2014-04-05T06:48:48.803" Score="-2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OFFICIAL RULES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scoring&lt;/strong&gt;  A match is played best 3 of 5 games (or 4/7 or 5/9). For each game, the first player to reach 11 points wins that game, however&#xA;  a game must be won by at least a two point margin. A point is scored&#xA;  after each ball is put into play (not just when the server wins the&#xA;  point as in volleyball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The edges of the table are part of the legal table surface, but not&#xA;  the sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flow of the Match&lt;/strong&gt; Each player serves two points in a row and then switch server. However, if a score of 10-10 is reached in any game,&#xA;  then each server serves only one point and then the server is&#xA;  switched. After each game, the players switch side of the table. In&#xA;  the final game (ie 5th game), the players switch side again after&#xA;  either player reaches 5 points.&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Legal Service&lt;/strong&gt; The ball must rest on an open hand palm. Then it must be tossed up at least 6 inches and struck so the ball first&#xA;  bounces on the server's side and then the opponent's side. If the&#xA;  serve is legal except that it touches the net, it is called a let&#xA;  serve. Let serves are not scored and are reserved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt; The paddle should have a red and a black side. The ball should be either orange or white and 40 mm in size. The table should&#xA;  be 2.74 meters long, 1.525 m wide, and 0.76 m high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try this Link Also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pongworld.com/more/rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Official Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3447" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-31T13:25:27.067" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T13:25:27.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4379" CreationDate="2014-04-05T11:54:21.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After you've been playing for a while, your body becomes pretty tired. It's easier to move with momentum on your side, but standing up and bringing all that weight up from the ground, especially toward the end of a game, can result in a pretty awkward-looking move. Im guessing that no elite athlete wants to be watched by tens of thousands of fans crawling up on his knees and then getting up on his own... And weary muscles don't always respond well in that situation. It helps to get a little boost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3529" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T11:54:21.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4423" CreationDate="2014-04-05T13:25:41.200" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles you must serve diagonally, but in singles you can serve in any direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for service are in Section 2.06 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.06      &lt;strong&gt;THE SERVICE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.01     Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of the server's stationary free hand.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.02     The server shall then project the ball near vertically upwards, without imparting spin, so that it rises at least 16cm after leaving the palm of the free hand and then falls without touching anything before being struck.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.03     As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then, after passing over or around the net assembly, touches directly the receiver's court; &lt;strong&gt;in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.04     From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the server's end line, and it shall not be hidden from the receiver by the server or his or her doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.05     As soon as the ball has been projected, the server’s free arm and hand shall be removed from the space between the ball and the net.&#xA;  The space between the ball and the net is defined by the ball, the net and its indefinite upward extension.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.06     It is the responsibility of the player to serve so that the umpire or the assistant umpire can be satisfied that he or she complies with the requirements of the Laws, and either may decide that a service is incorrect.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.06.01      If either the umpire or the assistant umpire is not sure about the legality of a service he or she may, on the first occasion in a match, interrupt play and warn the server; but any subsequent service by that player or his or her doubles partner which is not clearly legal shall be considered incorrect.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.06.07     Exceptionally, the umpire may relax the requirements for a correct service where he or she is satisfied that compliance is prevented by physical disability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3530" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-04-05T14:57:40.463" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T14:57:40.463" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4309" CreationDate="2014-04-05T21:39:33.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it; the costs of technology isn't the big issue. Rather, the problem lies in the very definition of what football is. I haven't got any quotes to lean on, but the fundamental idea of football is that &quot;it's a 90 minute constant flow of events&quot;. Thus, having any sort of break in the game (exept for injuries and substitutions, of course) would be in violation to the fundamentals, and therefor unacceptable. Some goalline technology may pass this test, but should it come more technology to the sport, it would change it completely - and not in a positive manner! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T21:39:33.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4413" CreationDate="2014-04-05T21:49:56.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have any sources to back me up, but a fair assumption is that the domestic cups have been relatively &quot;uncontested&quot; in many countries. The priority for most top teams have always been the domestic leauge alongside the UEFAcup/Champions League. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-05T21:49:56.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4431" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4434" CreationDate="2014-04-06T12:58:05.857" Score="6" ViewCount="3035" Body="&lt;p&gt;What did Mercedes do in 2014 to become half a second faster than their closest rivals in each lap? Does it have to do with aerodynamics or the engine? What are the speculations at least? Did they discover something or invented something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-10-21T20:52:45.143" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T20:52:45.143" Title="What made Mercedes faster than all the other F1 teams in 2014?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-06T18:02:51.907" Score="7" ViewCount="994" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, UEFA allocates some number of places in the European competitions based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_coefficient#Country_coefficient&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;country coefficients&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have seen (if I remember correctly) various rules in various countries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Usually the spots in Champions League and the first spots in Europa league are given based on the league table.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At least in some countries, I have seen that that cup winners have earned UEFA Europa Leagues spot, too. Moreover, some countries have more than one cup.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes the rule is that if a winner of a cup qualifies for some European tournament through the position in the league table, the runner-up is given the spot. (For example, here is a quote from Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_FA_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2010-11 FA Cup&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;em&gt;...because Manchester City qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League via their top-four finish in the 2010–11 Premier League, Stoke qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League as runners-up.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes if a cup winner qualifies through their position in the league competition, the spot is not given to the runner-up but to the next team in the league table. (For example, in the Wikipedia article about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2008-09 Premier League&lt;/a&gt; I read that: &lt;em&gt;Due to Manchester United winning the League Cup,their place was given to the seventh-placed team in the league.&lt;/em&gt; Similarly, the current revision of the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013-14_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013-14 Premier Leagues&lt;/a&gt; says that: &lt;em&gt;Since the 2013–14 Football League Cup winners (Manchester City) would at this point qualify for the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League the 6th placed team would qualify for third qualifying round of UEFA Europa League.&lt;/em&gt; So the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Football_League_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013-14 League Cup&lt;/a&gt; runner up, Sunderland, did no receive a spot in European competitions.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who decides how are the spots allocated to national association divided between first teams in the league table and cup winners? Is this entirely up to the national association, or does UEFA have some rules about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-04-07T15:08:05.157" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T15:08:05.157" Title="Who decides how are UEFA competitions spots divided within teams in some country?" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4431" CreationDate="2014-04-06T23:03:08.770" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;What did they do? Their job, better than other teams did theirs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's widely accepted that Mercedes' 2014 advantage comes primarily from their engine (note that the same engine powered 7 of the top 8 at this weekend's Bahrain Grand Prix so it cannot be exclusively attributed to the engine else all those teams would be 0.5 secs faster).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only yesterday, Sky Sports F1 reported speculation about one specific element that might provide their advantage: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.skysports.com/f1/news/12472/9243875/revealed-how-mercedes-packaging-of-their-turbo-engine-has-given-them-the-edge&quot;&gt;http://www1.skysports.com/f1/news/12472/9243875/revealed-how-mercedes-packaging-of-their-turbo-engine-has-given-them-the-edge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sky F1 analyst Hughes has learnt that, in a highly complicated&#xA;  engineering feat, the team have successfully packaged their turbine&#xA;  and air compressor at either end of the W05's engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The innovative design - which, like the best ideas, sounds simple, is&#xA;  vastly complex and brilliantly effective - is believed to have been&#xA;  conceived over two years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The revelation is also the best explanation yet for why the W05 has so&#xA;  far proved unbeatable in 2014...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does this work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 'trick turbo layout' triggers a series of critical performance&#xA;  benefits. As the air is not travelling through as much pipework, a&#xA;  reduction in turbo lag means less power needs to be be harvested from&#xA;  the car's ERS unit to keep the turbine spooled off throttle. That in&#xA;  turn improves the efficiency of the car, with more power reserved for&#xA;  performance gain and less fuel consequentially used up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With the compressor further away from the turbine - which is spun by&#xA;  hot exhaust gases - the W05 has a smaller intercooler, meaning&#xA;  Mercedes are running with smaller sidepods which boost aerodynamic&#xA;  performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Furthermore, with the compressor in front of the engine, Mercedes have&#xA;  also moved their car's gearbox forward, improving its centre of&#xA;  gravity and therefore, in theory, its handling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="737" LastEditDate="2014-04-07T08:42:33.093" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T08:42:33.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4435" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-06T23:20:34.833" Score="3" ViewCount="1944" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played my first serious match against a player in tennis who strikes over 200km/h. I got a little feeling of pain to my elbow when I passed balls back with a little angle in the elbow. Later I changed my elbow to totally direct the point when I hit the ball so I experienced no pain anymore. I asked my experienced friend about this pain and he said that the pain may be due to poor technique and I should still continue with my old angular forehand strike and improve swing of the whole body. I am uncertain about this so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;During the time of hit in the forehand strike, is the elbow meant to be angular or direct?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-09T17:01:16.437" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T22:51:28.323" Title="Is the elbow in the forehand tennis strike meant to be totally direct or little bit in angle?" Tags="|technique|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4435" CreationDate="2014-04-06T23:34:57.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the point when you are making contact with the ball, your arm should be straight with your elbow locked. Your wrist is what generally moves or 'rolls over' as you swing the racquet to hit the ball. Your elbow should only bend after contact during your follow-through. See this video of Roger hitting forehands to see what I mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el_y4QqIpNY#t=59&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el_y4QqIpNY#t=59&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-04-06T23:34:57.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4439" CreationDate="2014-04-07T09:56:36.243" Score="4" ViewCount="2377" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a medium fast bowler and was able to bowl with good line and length with some swing but due to gap in playing cricket I am not able to bowl and all of my balls are either going above the head of batsman or they are pitching short. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not getting the reason for this? what am I missing? please help me to rectify the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3537" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-07T13:19:45.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T13:19:45.260" Title="Trouble with bowling" Tags="|cricket|technique|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4196" CreationDate="2014-04-07T11:03:02.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For now, the closest tracked stat to finding out who complains the most is probably the technical foul leaders.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/player/_/stat/fouls/sort/technicalFouls/qualified/false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/player/_/stat/fouls/sort/technicalFouls/qualified/false&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This doesn't always mean the infraction was directed towards the ref, it could be a flagrant foul, taunting, etc.  It could also be argued that players who take the most shots (usually star players) have more opportunities (because of high FGA's) to complain to the ref due to a foul not being called that they think should've been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of right now, Demarcus Cousins and Kevin Durant are tied for the lead with 15 techs, and LeBron doesn't even make the top 40.  This list gives you a starting reference to go by to see who 'acts up' the most in the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T11:03:02.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4437" CreationDate="2014-04-07T11:09:30.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most players (specially non professional) this happens when they don't play cricket for some times. That's why professional players keep practising on off-days as well. The main reason is lack of confidence in throwing and losing the grip on the ball. Either they think they will bowl full toss or very short deliveries. That's why they bowl either very short or full toss respectively. To get back your confidence you may try this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start practising with throwing the ball to a good length area on the wicket without any run-up or moving your hand round (i.e. just normal throws). Don't care of the speed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you think you are able to throw in a good length area, try to grip the ball same as you do while bowling and keep throwing. Improve the speed upto your actual speed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Now try to bowl the ball without run-up and maintain the speed. This is very important. If you are able to bowl in a good length area, you will able to bowl in the same area while bowing with run-up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Now try to bowl with run-up. If you are not able to bowl in a good length, you may start with small run-up then improve it to your actual run-up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You will probably be able to bowl in a good length with proper grip on the ball now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I am not a professional trainer. I too am not able to play regular cricket. And this is what I do when I lose my line, length and grip and mostly this works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-07T11:28:45.270" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T11:28:45.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4433" CreationDate="2014-04-07T14:54:06.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a good answer on &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006042442174&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;yahoo&lt;/a&gt; for it. Basically it varies from country to country because of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_coefficient&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;co-efficient&lt;/a&gt; system UEFA uses, England, Spain and Germany all have clubs entering into Europe because of how their teams have performed over the last few years in Europe. UEFA did introduce the rule about winners of the cups going to the Europa League to give teams more incentive in the domestic cups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding Man Utd in 2008, they beat Spurs in the final and spurs would have already qualified through their league position so in that case it goes to the 7th placed team. Stoke were entered into the UEFA cup when they finished runners up because they were outside the top 6 in the league that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T14:54:06.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4444" CreationDate="2014-04-07T17:41:59.437" Score="9" ViewCount="9074" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested to know the average distance a professional footballer covers in a Premier League game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T06:33:11.713" Title="What is the average distance run by a professional footballer?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-08T01:36:05.477" Score="1" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;Services such as Tinder and Hot or Not can be used to find social partners but I would like to find a service by which you can find training partners such as other tennis players, CFT people and weightlifters. Is there an iPhone app to find training partners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-01-08T08:33:31.453" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T08:33:31.453" Title="Any iPhone service to find training partners?" Tags="|tennis|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-01-05T06:42:25.503" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4442" CreationDate="2014-04-08T03:41:47.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any iPhone specific service, but you could give the website tennisopolis a try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisopolis.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tennisopolis.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-04-08T04:05:44.153" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T04:05:44.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4441" CreationDate="2014-04-08T06:33:11.713" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This will change dramatically based on the tactic employed by the manager, and the position a player plays in but typically midfielders run the most and cover about 10-11 km over 90 mins. Beyond 11 km is not unheard of but is considered to be a &quot;hard-worker&quot;, especially 12+ km. Those players would typically be central midfielders with defensive focus, alternatively defensive midfielders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2558428/Premier-League-Stamina-speed-stats-midweek-fixtures.html&quot;&gt;an article from Daily Mail&lt;/a&gt;, not a comprehensive list but representative nevertheless &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17024626&quot;&gt;a scholarly article&lt;/a&gt; on performance stats, mostly based on La Liga and Champions League.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T06:33:11.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4375" CreationDate="2014-04-08T06:48:45.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: This is not a full-fledged answer I originally wanted to comment, but it ended up being too long, so I write it down as an answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the answer to the question you put forth is the what a public limited company &lt;em&gt;has to&lt;/em&gt; disclose. I think if they buy/sell land, or facilities they need to disclose that. On a side note most people like to think of players as assets that can be bought and sold, but that's a view bordering on slavery so it would do good to leave that view aside. Players are employees and I don't think they have to disclose the fees for each and every employee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What they need to do report publicly are their finances, the money flow in and out of the club, their liquid and bound assets and debt. That typically happens once a year for the shareholders and club members. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also see this relevant article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/sep/04/undisclosed-fee-transfer-window-deadline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/sep/04/undisclosed-fee-transfer-window-deadline&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T06:48:45.380" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-08T07:12:51.457" Score="6" ViewCount="2254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a &lt;strong&gt;fast bowler&lt;/strong&gt;, but What I do is: I'd changed my bowling action many times which results in not getting a good rhythm. So please tell me how to choose the bowling run up and action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My height is about 5.9 and lean. Currently I bowl like Aussie cricketer &lt;strong&gt;Ryan Harris&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3540" LastEditorUserId="3542" LastEditDate="2014-04-11T08:18:28.917" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T10:02:45.050" Title="How to choose bowling run up and action?" Tags="|cricket|technique|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4903" CreationDate="2014-04-08T09:48:59.080" Score="5" ViewCount="1213" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen that &lt;strong&gt;Dinesh Karthik&lt;/strong&gt; from team &lt;strong&gt;India&lt;/strong&gt; wears his jersey in the recently concluded Asia Cup 2014 with his name as &lt;strong&gt;DK&lt;/strong&gt;. Is it permitted? I have seen players who use their nicknames in county games but not in international games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3540" LastEditorUserId="3542" LastEditDate="2014-04-11T08:18:20.573" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T04:16:57.820" Title="Is it permitted to use nicknames on jersey in international matches?" Tags="|rules|cricket|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4448" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-08T10:02:45.887" Score="8" ViewCount="5649" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally there are various types of technical fouls in NBA at what sort of situation which technical foul will be called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3542" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-04-23T15:33:03.240" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T12:11:09.770" Title="Types of technical fouls in NBA" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4450" CreationDate="2014-04-08T13:38:13.393" Score="9" ViewCount="686" Body="&lt;p&gt;What was the first ever recorded in transfer in football, by transfer I mean the first time a club bought another player's contract from a club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3543" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-04-23T15:36:26.457" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T13:09:48.113" Title="First ever transfer in football" Tags="|football|history|transaction|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4449" CreationDate="2014-04-08T13:53:47.510" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first ever &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progression_of_British_football_transfer_fee_record&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;transfer&lt;/a&gt; was Willie Groves to Aston Villa in 1893 for £100. This was after player registration was introduced in 1885 by the FA making it possible for a player to play for a club only after he had been registered with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just out of interest that sum of £100 would now be worth £10881.81 taking &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/Pages/inflation/calculator/flash/default.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;inflation&lt;/a&gt; into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-04-30T13:09:48.113" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T13:09:48.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4448" CreationDate="2014-04-08T15:03:52.207" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_foul&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has on technical fouls in basketball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In basketball, a technical foul is any infraction of the rules&#xA;  penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact during the&#xA;  course of play between opposing players on the court, or is a foul by&#xA;  a non-player. The most common technical foul is for unsportsmanlike&#xA;  conduct. Technical fouls can be assessed against players, bench&#xA;  personnel, the entire team (often called a bench technical), or even&#xA;  the crowd. These fouls, and their penalties, are more serious than a&#xA;  personal foul, but not necessarily as serious as a flagrant foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3543" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T15:03:52.207" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="411" CreationDate="2014-04-09T01:09:55.937" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is completely legal, provided it is done in a manner in which it is still possible to safely challenge for the ball or there are no opponents nearby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game, 2013/14&lt;/a&gt;, p. 121:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is defined as any action that, while&#xA;  trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player&#xA;  himself). It is committed with an opponent nearby and prevents the opponent&#xA;  from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee decides that the action by the player makes it dangerous for opponents to challenge for the ball, an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this goes further, and playing the ball moves from being unsafe to an impossibility (for an unreasonable amount of time), a player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour. Note that there is no requirement here for opponents to be nearby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is no longer contained in the present text of the Laws, but was last seen in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arbitrosdefutbol.com.ar/preguntas_y_respuestas_06_eng.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 FIFA Q&amp;amp;A to the Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;, p.30:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A player intentionally lies on the ball for an unreasonable length of&#xA;  time. What action does the referee take?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He stops play, cautions the player for unsporting behaviour and restarts&#xA;  play with an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en%5fneutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;current (2013/14) laws&lt;/a&gt;, this roughly corresponds to the following on p. 123:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts in a manner which shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The restart is once again an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to &lt;em&gt;posdef&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5SB-L8jpbs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here is a clip of Cuauhtémoc Blanco using this technique&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-04-16T00:16:33.923" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T00:16:33.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4459" CreationDate="2014-04-09T17:09:08.640" Score="7" ViewCount="2981" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball, &lt;strong&gt;how do you decide if a ball is in or out?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it like in tennis, where you would look at the ball &lt;strong&gt;from the top perspective&lt;/strong&gt; at the moment it touches the ground and see if it crosses the line or not? Because that can, in some circumstances, give a different result than if you looked at the ball from the perspective of a player inside the court. From the perspective of the player, the ball would not touch the line, but &lt;strong&gt;from the top perspective&lt;/strong&gt;, it would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3548" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-09T17:12:20.590" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T14:34:49.760" Title="How do you decide whether a ball is in or out" Tags="|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4454" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4457" CreationDate="2014-04-09T17:19:55.523" Score="3" ViewCount="12798" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball, what exactly is considered a foot fault when&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a) serving?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b) attacking from the back court part (i.e. by a player from the back row)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three possible options come to mind:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* players are not allowed to even touch the line.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* players are allowed to touch the line but cannot cross it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* players can cross the line, but only partially (i.e. with just a part of their &#xA;feet) - just as the case is at the central line with regular attacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3548" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-12T03:38:52.773" LastActivityDate="2019-11-12T03:38:52.773" Title="What counts as a foot fault when serving and when attacking from the back court?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4458" CreationDate="2014-04-10T02:01:10.313" Score="2" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to say that a player is his team's &quot;dagger man,&quot; and in what sports does it apply?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I presume it has something to do with being a player who scores. Does it matter how they score (e.g., from close range) or just that they score a lot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T14:05:20.000" Title="What does it mean to refer to a player as a &quot;dagger man&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4454" CreationDate="2014-04-10T09:46:14.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first option is correct. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013–2016&lt;/a&gt;, article 12.4.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the service zone.&#xA;  After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in beach volleyball, there is an additional statement that the server’s foot may not even go &lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt; the end line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T09:46:14.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4456" CreationDate="2014-04-10T14:05:20.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am familiar with this as the person that makes of habit of making the score that finishes the opponent.  Especially with Basketball, I recall Larry Bird making shot in the final seconds and the announcers saying &quot;Dagger!&quot; implying that was the final blow in finishing off the opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3516" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T14:05:20.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4453" CreationDate="2014-04-10T14:34:49.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, your premise is wrong: In tennis, the exact Rule 12 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/rules-of-tennis.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a ball touches a line, it is regarded as touching the court bounded by that line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the mark of the ball touching the ground is not even a circle; it is not like there is a moment at which we should take a projection of the ball to the ground and decide. A part of the ball might touch the ground e.g. because of compression caused by the impact, and in that case, the ball is in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vUPqy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A Hawk-Eye decision from “How Tennis Can Save Soccer: Hawk-Eye Crossing Sports”&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(On the other hand, football (soccer) is a sport with such a rule: The ball is out if and only if its orthogonal projection is outside the lines.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now, to the volleyball:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The respective rule (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013–2016&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 8.4.1) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The ball is “out” when] the part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the boundary lines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the FIVB Refereeing Guidelines and Instructions stressing “It is essential to realise the importance of the word ‘completely’”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So: There is no “perspective” involved at all. You need to determine the part of the ball which contacted the floor, and the decision is based on whether &lt;em&gt;this part&lt;/em&gt; was outside the line. Or, to use your words, if &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; player could see the ball not touching the line from his/her perspective, the ball was out. (However, the fact that someone (including referee) saw the ball “above” the line does not necessarily prove anything.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T14:34:49.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-10T16:59:18.987" Score="4" ViewCount="1055" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has been observed that in baseball, a home team has a statistical 54-46 advantage, all other things being equal. There have been various theories to account for this, including the impact of fan support, and possible &quot;home team&quot; bias by umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there may be a more tangible home team advantage called the &quot;principle of last action.&quot; This advantage derives from the fact that the home team bats and score last in every inning, and in the game itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In poker, there is a large advantage to being last, and seeing what other people have done. For instance, if you are &quot;last&quot; with a mediocre hand, and have observed other people betting timidly (or not at all), you might bet to steal the pot. If others have &quot;raised&quot; each others' bets, you might &quot;fold&quot; and let the stronger hands fight it out. If you were first to go with the same, mediocre hand, you would have to bet (or not) without knowing what others wanted to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beginning in the ninth, and all the extra innings, if the home team ever takes the lead, the visiting team will not have a &quot;return&quot; opportunity in a subsequent inning. The home team can win in a one-run &quot;walk-off,&quot; while the visiting team will have to score as many runs as they can in the top of the ninth, and hope that they are &quot;enough.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say the game is tied at the end of the eigth inning, and the visiting team scores x runs in the TOP of the ninth. The home team knows that it needs to score exactly X runs to tie, and x+1 runs to win. It can manage it &quot;bench&quot; in the bottom of the ninth for maximum effect. On the other hand, if the visiting team has a one run lead in the top of the ninth, it must wonder, is that enough? Can we save the bench for tomorrow, or do we need to &quot;pile on,&quot; now? Likewise, the visiting team has to make a decision in the bottom of the ninth whether to use as many pitchers as it takes to stop the tying run, or save relievers for an extra inning game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sports such as football and basketball don't have such a clear separation of offensive and defensive &quot;rounds.&quot; (In those sports, unlike baseball, it is possible for a defender to &quot;run back&quot; the ball for a touchdown or basket.) Could this separation of offense and defense be what lends a home field advantage in baseball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-04-10T17:41:30.633" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T20:37:45.350" Title="Could the home field advantage in baseball be due to the &quot;principle of last action?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="900" CreationDate="2014-04-10T17:13:40.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, any player, offense or defense, can be substituted for another, when the ball is not &quot;in play.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic reason is injury. Suppose (and this would be a freak accident), a batter was hurt while hitting a foul ball. The manager might want to use a pinch hitter, rather than having the hurt batter continue to bat and run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new batter would inherit the ball-strike count of the old batter. As mentioned in another post, the new batter would be credited with the ultimate result EXCEPT when the original batter had accrued two of the three strikes in what ultimately becomes a strikeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T17:13:40.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2014-04-10T17:30:46.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Homefield advantage &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; play a role late in close games. Though my brief analysis indicates that it doesn't account for all of the record disparity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fangraphs&lt;/a&gt; has a great model that predicts, based on game state, how likely a given team is to win at any given moment in the game based on historical data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at a recent 0-0 game that went all the way into the bottom of the 10th and was won in a walkoff. Cubs vs Pirates, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/wins.aspx?date=2014-03-31&amp;amp;team=Pirates&amp;amp;dh=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;opening day&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can see in this game, that starting in the first inning, the home team had about a 4 percentage point better odds in the middle of the inning then they did at the beginning of it. This increased as the game continued until the 9th and 10th innings where the odds are 11.4 percentage points higher. However, it's worth noting that at the &lt;em&gt;top&lt;/em&gt; of each inning the odds are 50-50. When both teams have equal numbers of at-bats remaining, the odds are about the same when the score is tied at 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at one more situation. Let's look at a one run lead going into the 9th inning. We'll need to examine two games for this one. In the first game, the home team is up one to begin the 9th. We'll use this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/plays.aspx?date=2014-03-31&amp;amp;team=Orioles&amp;amp;dh=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Orioles vs Redsox&lt;/a&gt; game also from opening day. The odds of the Orioles winning was 83.3. Contrast this to the odds of the Away team winning a 1 run game in the 9th. For that we'll use this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/wins.aspx?date=2014-04-04&amp;amp;team=Nationals&amp;amp;dh=0&amp;amp;season=2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Braves vs Nationals&lt;/a&gt; game. Looking at the odds going into the top of the 9th, we see that the Braves had a 84.9% chance of winning it, but after going hitless in their final at-bat, their odds of winning were only 81.6%. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contrast to note here is the 1.7 percentage point difference going into the last at-bat for the losing team. When the home team has another at-bat it makes a difference nearly 2% of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously these two examples don't account for the full home field advantage, but the fangraphs data does show a clear edge for the home team historically due to last action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T17:30:46.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4144" CreationDate="2014-04-11T08:51:07.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basketball Shooting Technique:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Face the basket and place your feet shoulder width apart&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.Position the ball in your shot pocket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.Grip the ball correctly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4.Push the ball upward with your shooting hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.Straighten your knees and jump&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.Release the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.Develop muscle memory&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.Learn how to use the backboard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.Practice in a game setting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To know more check out this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3542" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-11T13:39:45.927" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T13:39:45.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2014-04-11T13:43:23.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the runner on first is allowed to take whichever base is available, even going back to first base if need be, regardless of whether the batter was forced at first or tagged out before getting to the base.  Consider this scenario: Runner on first, one out.  Batter hits a sharp ground ball to second base, runner on first is heading to second but stops short of the second baseman who is attempting to make a tag.  Second baseman decides to throw to first to force the batter, then hoping to get runner in a rundown since he's still closer to first base than to second base.  Right about the same time the ball arrives at the bag from the second baseman to force the batter at first, the runner on first gets the bright idea to head back to first to try to slide under the tag of the first baseman.  If he gets back to the bag safely, he is safe.  So now there are two outs with a runner on first, namely, the original runner on first who was off the bag but got back safely after the force on the batter was made.  This is a real possibility and has happened, but it is rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3553" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T13:43:23.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3120" CreationDate="2014-04-11T18:43:25.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this can work under the right set of circumstances. I spent a year as an assistant pro at a resort course, where a lot of people had vacation / second homes. It wasn't common, but I specifically remember some of our instructors essentially acting as a second set of eyes for a golfer's regular instructor. In the case of one particularly good junior player, the head pro stayed in regular communication with the kid's primary coach to make sure they were on the same page. That way he knew what the kid was working on, what sort of drills he should be doing, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The success of an arrangement like this depends on a number of things. First, the primary instructor has to have a plan for how they will help you improve. If they are the type of instructor who just patches whatever flaw you happen to exhibit on lesson day, this isn't going to work. A really good instructor will have a development plan for you - i.e. starting with one skill that leads to the next, followed by another, etc. In a case like this, you will typically leave each lesson with a homework assignment - ie some drills to work on a particular move. Having a trained second set of eyes can really help you work on those things properly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not at all uncommon on tour to see players on the range asking other players, or even other coaches, to watch them for a few minutes to see if they see something specific. Similarly, most of the top coaches have staff that will do drills with the tour players when they're at their home facility - not unlike an assistant coach in other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second instructor also has to respect the primary instructor to be comfortable in this sort of role. If they think you are working on the wrong things, it's understandably hard for them to not contradict the primary instructor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3555" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T18:43:25.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4468" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-12T06:32:20.493" Score="6" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be very useful after training tennis shots to immediately see the results. Also I would like to see how my shots are developing over time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Helper questions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What kind of services are available to provide feedback about tennis shots? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What kind of tools are coaches using? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there some tool that could be used alone? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does there exist any training management program that stores and helps manage the recordings?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For more technical questions, please read Apple-oriented question &lt;a href=&quot;https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/127324/mba-camera-or-iphone-camera-for-analysing-tennis-shots-in-slow-motion&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and more photography-oriented question &lt;a href=&quot;https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/49449/how-many-pictures-per-second-for-analysing-training-tennis-shots-in-slow-motion&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:45:32.340" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T22:15:31.473" Title="Independent training management with feedback to improve tennis shots?" Tags="|tennis|training|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4954" CreationDate="2014-04-13T09:57:13.747" Score="2" ViewCount="2028" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone name the song which was played before the national anthem in the recently concluded world T20 2014 held in Bangladesh?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3540" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T14:11:02.123" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T12:17:30.470" Title="Which song was played before the national anthem in the world T20 2014 in Bangladesh?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|media|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4481" CreationDate="2014-04-13T13:16:23.147" Score="10" ViewCount="12026" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the player who delivers a corner kick to the box get an assist if the ball is scored directly from the kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, how come they don't get an assist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-04-13T18:48:43.180" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T14:14:11.147" Title="Do corner kick takers get an assist for a scored goal?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-13T13:35:07.807" Score="7" ViewCount="8662" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is tie-breaking procedure in NHL (regular season)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are standings for the teams in the NHL table decided. What is used as a secondary criterion, if the teams have the same number of points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, with one match remaining for Detroit and Washington the positions of wild card teams in Eastern Conference are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   |            | GP | pts | diff&#xA; 1 | Columbus   | 82 | 93  | +15&#xA; 2 | Detroit    | 81 | 91  | -11&#xA; 3 | Washington | 81 | 89  | -4&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(GP = number of games played, pts = number of points, diff = &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_difference&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;goal difference&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen in many sources that at this point the teams qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs are already decided and that Washington Capitals cannot qualify. But it is still possible that both Washington Capitals and Detroit Red Wings both finish at 91 points. (Capitals would have to win their last game, and Detroit would have to loose in regulation time.) Moreover, Washington would have better goal difference. So I wonder why they cannot qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T19:51:33.297" Title="What is tie-breaking procedure in NHL (regular season)?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4471" CreationDate="2014-04-13T13:36:31.950" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Briefly, the tie-breaking criteria in the NHL are (at least for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this season&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The most important is, of course, number of points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The second tie-breaker is number of wins in the games, which were decided in regular time or overtime. (I.e., the wins after &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shootout_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shootouts&lt;/a&gt; are excluded.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The third tie-breaker is number of points that tied teams have in their games against each other. (This is slightly more complicated in the cases, when one of the teams had advantage of home ice during the season in the head-to-head games in more often than the other one. For details see below.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fourth tie-breaker is goal difference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will quote the entire text from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=20132014&amp;amp;type=WC#&amp;amp;navid=nav-stn-conf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tie-Breaking procedure&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  If two or more clubs are tied in points during the regular season, the standing of the clubs is determined in the following order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The fewer number of games played (i.e., superior points percentage).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The greater number of games won, excluding games won in the Shootout. This figure is reflected in the ROW column.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The greater number of points earned in games between the tied clubs. If two clubs are tied, and have not played an equal number of home games against each other, points earned in the first game played in the city that had the extra game shall not be included. If more than two clubs are tied, the higher percentage of available points earned in games among those clubs, and not including any &quot;odd&quot; games, shall be used to determine the standing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The greater differential between goals for and against for the entire regular season. NOTE: In standings a victory in a shootout counts as one goal for, while a shootout loss counts as one goal against. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the particular example of Capitals and Red Wings in the OP we have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   |            | GP | pts | ROW | diff&#xA; 1 | Columbus   | 82 | 93  | 38  | +15&#xA; 2 | Detroit    | 81 | 91  | 33  | -11&#xA; 3 | Washington | 81 | 89  | 28  | -4&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here ROW stands for regulation time wins plus overtime wins.     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even if Capitals tie Red Wings in the number of points at the end of this season, they will have less ROW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T19:51:33.297" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T19:51:33.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4473" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-13T16:36:13.880" Score="0" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend just got a new longboard, and he says it's &quot;double hitched.&quot; When I Google double hitched longboard, it comes up with nothing familiar. His longboard turns extremely well, and I'm wondering what the actual name is. BTW His trucks are longer on the inside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3562" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-13T21:14:52.353" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T22:48:18.147" Title="Double-hitch longboard" Tags="|equipment|longboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-04-13T23:28:16.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with all statistics, the answer to that question will vary depending on who's counting. As far as I know, there are no &quot;official guidelines&quot; for football statistics, but I assume most statisticians do count assists from cornerkicks. Anything else would surprise me, but I can't really back it up with any real evidence...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-13T23:28:16.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4469" CreationDate="2014-04-14T02:36:36.380" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was the Theme Song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://videos.cricket.com.pk/theme-song-of-icc-t20-world-cup-2014-char-chokka-hoi-hoi-1222/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Theme Song of ICC T20 World Cup 2014 – Char Chokka Hoi Hoi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastActivityDate="2014-04-14T02:36:36.380" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4473" CreationDate="2014-04-14T03:41:25.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Double hitch&lt;/strong&gt; trucks are used in competitive longboarding (yes there is such a thing). They give the board a larger turn range, giving the rider the ability to make hairpin turns at higher speeds than your standard Thunder trucks. I only know them by that name but I imagine every company has their own name for them. Those are high quality trucks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T22:48:18.147" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T22:48:18.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-04-14T12:48:36.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Barclays&lt;/a&gt; premier league site there is a fantasy football game and they award points for an assist on corners and that is the official site for the Premier League. I always see this on sites like Goal.com as well where assists are awarded for corners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-04-14T12:48:36.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-15T02:30:27.557" Score="7" ViewCount="13811" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only gone snowboarding once (a 2-week exclusively-snowboarding holiday), about 3 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a lot of fun, even though I didn't manage to come right too well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem was that, even though I managed to get turning and such right, I really struggled to get much further than knowing the basics, as I'm too cautious about picking up speed (even carving was a problem, although the slopes were pretty steep, at least for me - it felt like about a 30-40° incline on most of the slopes where I was - this was on the &quot;easy&quot; slope - the &quot;medium&quot; slope seemed pretty similar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did fall &lt;strong&gt;a lot&lt;/strong&gt; at first (as I guess most, if not all, new snowboarders do), so I can't imagine fear of falling, as such, is the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did take a few lessons during the first week. I got fairly comfortable with basically just going down the slope (at least better than with my board fully horizontally the whole way) and making the occasional turn, but the next part of the lessons was carving, which, as mentioned above, was a problem, so I felt a bit stuck for the remaining week and a half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I get over this caution of going fast?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've considered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choosing to ignore that little voice telling me to not go fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This probably wouldn't be too difficult, but I fear that, not being particularly experienced, I may not be able to react properly to certain situations (which may include trying to slow down / stop), and risk serious injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Picking up skateboarding so I can get more comfortable on a board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that part of my problem is minimal access to slopes (because of distance and price), I thought it might be a good idea to get started with skateboarding, which I can do locally. A board's a board - right? Or not?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Just practice at the speed I'm comfortable with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem here is the minimal access to slopes. And during my snowboarding experience, I seemed to just be stuck skill-wise during the last week of my trip because of this speed problem (not being able to go straight is a bit of a problem), so I'm not sure whether this will actually help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also considered taking a really long snowboarding holiday (a month?) as to practice consecutively for a long period and hopefully get over my problem (although, if I don't, it might be a very depressing month).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Going to somewhere with slopes with less incline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should get me more comfortable on the board (allowing me to practice slowing down / stopping more safely), and hopefully this also makes me more comfortable at higher speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Makes sense, but I wouldn't even know how to find such a place, beyond just going to different places until I find one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice on my problem or any of my considerations or any other suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or am I too concerned about this, as it's just something that comes with time, and if it doesn't, snowboarding just isn't for me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1408" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T19:08:51.777" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T19:08:51.777" Title="How do I get over caution of going fast (with minimal access to slopes)?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4479" CreationDate="2014-04-15T10:18:20.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I should mention that snowboarding isn't my strongest dicipline. Instead, I'm a skier - and sometimes even a telemark skier - but the general idea is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To begin with, going fast shouldn't be a goal per se. Rather, your goal should be to go fast AND in control. The only way to do this, and the only way to feel comfortable doing it, is to learn the basics by heart. Before you'll be able to progress, those basics must be in your bones, in your spine, and in every other part of your body - not only in your head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make a personal example, I was always the most cowardly of all the children in ski- /snowboard school. However, as everyone else was going straight down, head first - I was plowing my way down the mountain in a very slow pace. As everyone grew older, most youngsters still struggled with the technique, but those of us who had gone about it slow in the past were now the ones to race down the mountain in style - despite only skiing one week every year!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm trying to say is, that in order to &quot;break the mental barrier of going fast&quot;, your instinct (which you cannot easily control) must trust your ability to stay in control while going fast. Thus, don't rush it - even though it's frustrating trying to learn, especially when older and not learning as fast as a child anymore. Take snowboard lessons a couple of days, it's amazing what that does for your development!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the other 50 weeks of the year, it is hard to substitute snow and board for anything likeworthy, but your skateboard idea isn't at all stupid. However, to make it more &quot;snowboardlike&quot;, I would strongly recommend a longboard instead of a skateboard. Longboarding has a lot more in common with both snowboarding and surfing than skateboarding does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ride carefully and good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T10:18:20.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-04-15T12:51:10.320" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no specific rules for such statistics. In theory it may differ from league to league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even so, I've never seen any league do not counting pass from corner which leads to goal as a &quot;goal assist&quot;. I can't find UEFA's official laws of statistics, but this is quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.uclfantasy.uefa.com/UEFA/15809/clienthowtoplay.do&quot;&gt;UEFA's fantasy football rules&lt;/a&gt; and I'm sure this is a way which is used for official game statistics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player will be credited with a 'goal assist' when he delivers/plays&#xA;  the final pass, cross, header or shot, which leads to the goal being&#xA;  scored. This will also apply to set plays (i.e. corner, free kick,&#xA;  throw-in etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1470" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T12:51:10.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4482" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4483" CreationDate="2014-04-15T13:06:53.760" Score="10" ViewCount="5701" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me describe a specific situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Team A serves the ball. Team B executes three hits to return it - they pass the ball, set it and then attack. After the attack, the ball touches both the top band of the net and the hands of the blocker (at the same time) and remains on the same part of the court.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: In such a situation, &lt;strong&gt;is team B now entitled to another three hits&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it seems they should be, for an oponent player was in contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other people around believe the oposite, specifically because of the contact of the ball with the top band of the net after the attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have searched the current FIVB rules but did not find anything that would approve that claim. Is there such a rule in place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3548" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T15:48:56.217" Title="The &quot;four hits&quot; fault" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4482" CreationDate="2014-04-15T15:24:22.787" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, if you attack the ball, and the blocker makes any contact with the ball, and it comes back to your side, then your hits are reset (otherwise a block to your side would be a guaranteed point for them every time) and you can once again take up to three hits to put the ball over the net. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll notice that while &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; team is attacking, back row players are taught to cover behind, and to the side of your hitters - this is so that in this case -- where the block returns the ball -- they are able to dig it up and once again start another attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules2013-EN_V08_20130516.pdf&quot;&gt;FIVB Rule 14.4.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;A block contact is not counted as a team hit. Consequently, after a &#xA;  block contact, a team is entitled to three hits to return the ball.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, after a block, the blocking team, &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; the attacking team, are entitled to three team hits to return the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-04-15T15:48:56.217" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T15:48:56.217" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-15T19:26:23.690" Score="0" ViewCount="695" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had my Suunto D4 dive watch for about 6 years now and its served me well. A dive instructor recently spoke quite highly about her oceanic watch (she didnt have it on her at the time). I'm just wondering if anyone out there has ever owned an Oceanic and can compare it to a Suunto for me ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing I've noticed is that my Suunto's strap has a propensity to snap a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3567" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-15T19:26:51.393" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T14:54:56.573" Title="Oceanic vs. Suunto Dive Watches" Tags="|equipment|scuba-diving|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-03-29T14:33:08.530" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1000" CreationDate="2014-04-15T22:52:44.083" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In regards to roller derby, most skaters (like most humans) are right side dominant.  That means right-footed people are more comfortable moving their right foot over their left than their left foot over their right.  Crossing a foot over another automatically changes your direction because of the weight distribution between your inner and outer wheels.  Having your right foot cross over your left makes you turn left.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.timesunion.com/rollerderby/why-counter-clockwise/1474/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; also mentions some other reasons, but I'm not sure I buy all of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T16:55:44.557" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:55:44.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4490" CreationDate="2014-04-17T09:43:13.370" Score="3" ViewCount="8933" Body="&lt;p&gt;My tennis couch said that I should test as many overgrips as possible to find a grip which does not get slippery so fast and maintain the condition for a longer period. I tested Gamma overgrip that got slippery very fast and I had to change it after four training periods. Before that I had Wilson but in different racket so I am unsure about their differences. I am not sure whether finding the overgrip is the key here, it may be that a poor undergrip makes the grip go worse faster. I use overgrip because of the larger handle and it helps to keep the racket not sliding easily out of my hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How should I choose my overgrip? And which kind of criterias should I consider?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LkHda.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-17T13:24:44.243" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T10:11:31.017" Title="How to choose overgrip to a tennis racket?" Tags="|technique|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4413" CreationDate="2014-04-17T12:02:12.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Straight from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the establishment of the UEFA Champions League (formerly called the European Champion Clubs' Cup) in the early 1990s, the standing and prestige of the Cup Winners' Cup began to decline. With the expansion of the Champions League in 1997 to allow more than one team from the highest-ranked member associations to enter, the CWC began to look noticeably inferior. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the same reason why UEFA abandoned &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertoto_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Intertoto Cup&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA Cup&lt;/a&gt;. It was old, not interesting anymore and needed improvement - that's where Champion's League came in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3574" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T09:21:19.347" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T09:21:19.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4545" CreationDate="2014-04-17T17:27:22.173" Score="5" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Andrews&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marvin Andrews&lt;/a&gt;, the Trinidad and Tobago footballer famous for having a &amp;quot;miracle&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;healing&amp;quot; his left knee ligament with &amp;quot;the force of God&amp;quot;, was elected player of the year by Rangers in the 2004-05 season. However, he was subsequently released as a free agent in the 2005-06 season. What happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that, although he could sustain a few matches with his damaged knee, in the end it was simply too much without proper scientific treatment and he couldn't return to his previous standard of playing anymore. But I couldn't find any explanation of exactly what happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2023-04-11T08:25:26.433" LastActivityDate="2023-04-11T08:25:26.433" Title="Why did Rangers release Marvin Andrews at the end of the 2005-06 season?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-17T19:25:51.677" Score="8" ViewCount="21132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every country has a national anthem of its own, and usually, it is played before the start of any world event, no matter what the sport is. But what is done for the West Indies cricket team? To my knowledge, it comprises players from a group of countries in the Caribbean Sea. Can anyone tell me what song gets played for them, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2074" LastEditorUserId="1681" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T16:47:40.037" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T16:47:40.037" Title="What anthem does the West Indies cricket team use?" Tags="|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4486" CreationDate="2014-04-17T23:53:28.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Choosing an overgrip typically depends on a few different factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moisture (sweat) absorption - how well the overgrip stays dry when your hands are sweating.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tackiness - how &quot;grippy&quot; the overgrip feels in your hand when you first put it on your handle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Durability - how long the overgrip stays good and doesn't start wearing out or tearing after a certain amount of use.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Thickness - how thick the overgrip is and therefore how much size it adds to the handle of your racquet when it's put on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried many different brands of overgrips over the years from various brands and to me, there are only really 3 different brands that stand out to me as really great overgrips:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yonex Supergrap: The most tacky overgrip there is. Slightly more tacky than Wilson Overgrip. You don't want to wrap it too tight though, or it won't stay tacky as well or absorb moisture as well. Durability is decent - I usually put a new one on after about 5+ hitting sessions (and I would be considered a frequent overgrip changer - I love the feeling of hitting with a new fresh overgrip).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wilson Overgrip: Everything I said about Yonex Supergrap applies to Wilson Overgrip too - just that I find Wilson overgrip to be a little less tacky after it's first put on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tournagrip: Very popular among higher level players and players with sweaty hands. Has the best absorption of any grip I've ever played with. Unfortunately it's lower on the tackiness scale IMO - and the tackiness is really important to me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So anyway, I play with Yonex Supergrap myself, and buy it in the bag of 2 rolls, which is 30 total overgrips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also read reviews of various overgrips on sites where they are sold, such as Tennis Warehouse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-04-18T02:51:00.230" LastActivityDate="2014-04-18T02:51:00.230" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4468" CreationDate="2014-04-18T00:22:30.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't found any technical tool under &lt;code&gt;&quot;indepedent training management&quot;&lt;/code&gt; rather mechanical innovations. Firstly, soft ball slows down the features of the ball such as spinning so easier to analyse. Secondly, different field materials help you to understand the behaviour of ball such as spin. Thirdly, a hit wall makes it far faster to trial-and-error different shots because you get an immediate feedback after the rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tested the stroke-analysis iPhone &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itusatennis.com/stroke-analysis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;app&lt;/a&gt; but it is far too slow. I haven't found any technical tool to help me here but below the mechanical ways to get feedback about the shots independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I. Soft ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have used a soft Wilson ball by which you can see profile of the ball easier. This is because the soft ball reacts slower to all hits so you have time to analyse it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II. Different field materials&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spins have different behaviour in different fields such as Matta (Finnish) and Hiekkanurmi (Finnish). Matta, the red clay mixture, reacts the most for spins so a good way of seeing how much each shot has spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;III. Hit Wall with different angles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A ball with topspin after the 180 degrees deflection will act as a ball with backspin after collision. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A ball with backspin after the 180 degrees deflection will act as a ball with topspin after collision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EbHGU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Specific questions about Cameras and other Sport technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4493/device-to-analyse-serving-with-topspin-in-tennis-from-the-side&quot;&gt;Device to analyse serving with topspin in tennis from the side?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4513/speed-of-a-tennis-ball-to-tennis-serving-training-feedback-videos&quot;&gt;Speed of a tennis ball to tennis serving training feedback videos?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And about the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/109788/109788.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recordings&lt;/a&gt; to better see the technique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whenever possible, &lt;strong&gt;ask your subjects to wear as little as possible&lt;/strong&gt;, or in the &#xA;  least, have them wear tight clothing that will not mask the true motion of the &#xA;  body. It can be very difficult to analyse motion if athletes are wearing baggy &#xA;  clothes. Another way of improving the repeatability of measures taken from &#xA;  video is to use markers attached to various anatomical landmarks on the &#xA;  body. Even using a permanent marker to draw on subjects’ skin can improve &#xA;  the repeatability of measures taken from a video analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T22:15:31.473" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-04-18T20:32:07.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4511" CreationDate="2014-04-18T09:29:47.980" Score="4" ViewCount="2293" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIVB rules state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(11.3.1)&#xA;Contact with the net by a player is not a fault, unless it interferes with the play.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(11.4.4)&#xA;A player interferes with the opponent’s play by (amongst others):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;touching the top band of the net or the top 80 cm of the antenna during his/her action of playing the ball, or&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;taking support from the net simultaneously with playing the ball, or&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;creating an advantage over the opponent by touching the net, or&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;making actions which hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to&#xA;play the ball.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only criterion that is clear to me here is the one about touching the top band of the net. What exactly does it mean to interefere with the play or to get an advantage over the opponent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the following sample situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacker hits the ball and then, while landing back on the court, touches the middle part of the net (not the top band) with his body or with his hand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Same as before, but this time a blocker touches the net while landing back on the court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that in all these cases the player would get an advantage in comparison to situations in which they would not touch the net at all, because then they would have to play more carefully and less aggressively, resulting in a less effective hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules that one should follow to distinguish valid and invalid net contacts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3548" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T21:40:58.030" Title="Contact of a player with the net" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4493" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-18T20:16:07.510" Score="4" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend Timo mentioned that GoPro Hero 3 can connect to your phone with some lag. This opens me an opportunity to get immediate feedback about my tennis serving with topspin. I want to train serving with topspin and I would like to see how the shot looks from the side. Basically, attach the camera to the net and look the shot with your phone/monitor (probably in the future in Google glasses or something like that). Little lag does not matter here, it just need to be fast enough not to be irritating. I currently use the iPhone 5 camera for the analysis but hard to see the ball's path and very slow method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dqN0R.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any device to help in analysing serving with topspin from the side?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:16:21.443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T21:55:07.733" Title="Device to analyse serving with topspin in tennis from the side?" Tags="|tennis|technology|spin|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3610" CreationDate="2014-04-19T03:23:42.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the non-striker unsuccessfully attempts to stop the fielder taking the catch then he could be given out for obstructing the field on the same ball that the batsman is caught out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3578" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T03:23:42.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4501" CreationDate="2014-04-19T09:35:10.650" Score="8" ViewCount="4478" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen the below context &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ishant Sharma removed Shane Watson with a ripper&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/content/image/738015.html?object=729285;page=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;. What does &quot;ripper&quot; mean in the cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2116" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T03:44:01.020" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T04:45:45.480" Title="What does &quot;ripper&quot; mean in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4493" CreationDate="2014-04-19T22:05:30.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comparison to professional sport technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In professional sport technology, there are systems such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk-Eye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye&lt;/a&gt; to approximate the flight path of the ball. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quora.com/Tennis/How-does-Hawk-Eye-work-in-professional-tennis-matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora&lt;/a&gt;, it has &lt;code&gt;&quot;Six high performance cameras (up to 1000fps)&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. In golf, there are devices that track the features of the ball such as spin, angle and velocity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know any low-budget device that you could use for your own training. I am testing different state of art solutions such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/128523/custom-slowness-speed-in-final-cut-pro-video&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and I feel I am reinventing the wheel, there must be some easy way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:45:32.340" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T22:47:17.483" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-04-19T22:05:30.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4497" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4498" CreationDate="2014-04-20T06:15:06.887" Score="9" ViewCount="2804" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it allowed to play a racket game, like badminton or squash or tennis or table tennis, both left or right handed at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the ball or shuttle is played towards the backhand side, the player switches from a right hand play to a left hand play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you show me a video reference of such taking place in a match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T04:12:05.860" Title="Double Handed Racket Usage" Tags="|tennis|table-tennis|badminton|racket|squash|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2014-04-20T12:35:47.803" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard reports of amateur players who are ambidextrous swapping a tennis racket from one hand to the other to have two forehands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know about squash and tennis, but in badminton there's no rule banning moving the racket between your left and right hands. The reason is probably because, except perhaps at beginner level, there's no advantage to doing so. The shuttle moves quickly and it is relatively easy to disguise your shot, so players don't have much time to work out where the next shot is going and swap hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason may be that there are very few ambidextrous players and they'd have to practise specially to do this. Certainly my other hand forehand is much worse than my dominant hand backhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2014-04-20T12:35:47.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4538" CreationDate="2014-04-20T19:59:34.573" Score="8" ViewCount="10887" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, unlike basketball or football, once a player is removed from the game, he can't be put back into the same game. That is (probably) to prevent a repetition of matchups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Late in the game, you have a matchup of (lefthanded) batter X against (lefthanded) pitcher A. So the batting team replaces X with a right handed batter Y. The pitching team brings in B, a right handed pitcher. Now the batting team wants to use a left handed batter, but they can't &quot;recycle&quot; X. So they either have to use another left handed batter, Z, or let the new, unfavorable matchup stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that there is an exception involving catchers. That is, if you replace a starting catcher with a second catcher, you can put back the starting catcher. What I'm not sure about is whether this is true generally, or whether it applies only in special situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there situations in which you can &quot;recycle&quot; a catcher (or other player) in baseball? And if so, why would that be the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T03:39:12.157" Title="Are there times when you can &quot;recycle&quot; a player in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4495" CreationDate="2014-04-21T03:41:40.490" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically it is used for a delivery which is too good, almost unplayable and completely beats the batsman. Earlier it was used by Australian cricket. Then it became popular in whole cricketing world. It is same as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms#Jaffa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jaffa&lt;/a&gt; which is mostly called by English cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T03:41:40.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4495" CreationDate="2014-04-21T04:07:29.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its actually an Australian slang which means &quot;Fantastic&quot;. In cricket the commentators use this word when a bowler bowls an unplayable ball to the batsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T04:07:29.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4502" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-21T05:37:49.213" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the standard measurements such as straight distance , on-off distance, radius of the ground etc of a cricket ground ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3484" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T05:37:49.213" Title="What is the standard measurements of a cricket ground?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-04-21T13:24:06.787" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2014-04-21T06:34:09.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule in tennis stopping players from switching the racquet between hands to hit a forehand (or backhand) from both sides. It is extremely rare in tennis (especially among the pro ranks) to see someone who is ambidextrous and can hit a forehand with both hands. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is more common (but still not very common) is to see a player that hits with 2 hands from both sides. Two female professional players come to mind - Monica Seles and Marion Bartoli. Both hit two-handed forehands and two-handed backhands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is probably worth mentioning that in tennis, players that hit a two-handed backhand have an almost ambidextrous skill with their backhand side. This is because most two-handed backhand technique is learned and developed by first practicing hitting a forehand with their backhand side, then later adding their dominant hand to the racquet handle for power and stability. I suspect many professional level players that hit a two-handed backhand could maintain a slow-to-medium pace non-competitive rally by hitting only forehand shots (from both sides).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry I can't answer for the other sports, but I would strongly suspect the same technique is allowed, mostly because of how rare it is for someone to be able to hit a forehand shot from both sides - it's not something that you'd see being used (for any kind of unfair advantage) by more than 1% of players participating in those sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T06:34:09.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4505" CreationDate="2014-04-21T06:42:28.060" Score="6" ViewCount="2772" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sugaltv.com/icc-announced-new-rules-for-cricket-matches/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC rules&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a batsman hits the ball and ball strike to spider cam then this ball&#xA;  consider as dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, during the IPL match between RCB and DD, the ball hit by Yuvraj Singh got strike the spider cam wire and it was not declared as a dead ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though the series is a domestic one, the rule was applied earlier in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2012/content/story/587705.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CLT20 series 2012&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball get strike the wire, not the camera, Is this a reason?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Should anyone appeal for the dead ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is:&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was the ball hitting the spider cam not declared as a dead-ball by the umpires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T10:11:56.647" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T10:11:56.647" Title="Why was the ball hitting the spider cam not declared as a dead-ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4504" CreationDate="2014-04-21T08:11:38.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4f092e53-05%20Standard%20T20_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 23.1 in the T20 playing conditions&lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; it should have been called a dead ball but the umpires didn't give it. We can't say why the umpires didn't declare it a dead ball. Reading &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/729281.html?batsman=7716;innings=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;See the over #11.3&quot;&gt;the commentary from ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11.3&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  Neesham to Yuvraj Singh, FOUR, that sat up for Yuvi and he's walloped it to the square leg boundary. Neesh bowls waist-high short ball and it was the slower one as well. Comfortably dispatched. The ball seems to have caught the cables of the spider-cam and &lt;strong&gt;usually it provides grounds for a dead ball, but the umpires give a little leeway&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As umpire's decision is considered as the last decision, players can not appeal for the dead ball but they may ask for clarifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T08:11:38.493" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4509" CreationDate="2014-04-21T08:30:40.363" Score="7" ViewCount="11067" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do players, who represent their countries in Davis Cup/Fed Cup, receive also some points in ATP rankings/WTA rankings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, is it for matches on any level? Or only matches in World Group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the points from team competitions counted in both rankings - race ranking and ATP/WTA ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-10T19:18:36.253" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T13:26:26.350" Title="Do players get points for matches in Davis Cup and Fed Cup in ATP/WTA rankings" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|davis-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4499" CreationDate="2014-04-21T17:41:48.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no exceptions to the substitution rule (at least under &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt from section 3.03:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player once removed from a game shall not re-enter that game. If a player who has been substituted for attempts to re-enter, or re-enters, the game in any capacity, the umpire-in-chief shall direct the player’s manager to remove such player from the game immediately&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3379" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T17:41:48.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4257" CreationDate="2014-04-22T03:58:44.877" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The premier league finishes on the 11th of May and the World Cup kicks off on the 12th of June. It ends a month later on July 13th. The FA cup 2014/2015 season starts in August immediately after the community shield. The shield match btw is a game between the FA cup winner and the premier league winner (this isn't part of the league but still viewed as an important game in English football).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The champions league finishes in May. However, it recommences on the 1st of July. I do believe there are two CL matches which clash with the World Cup. However, the teams are unknown until A) the season ends and teams qualify for the CL and B) the teams are randomly drawn. I'm really not too sure on this as I don't really follow the CL so don't quote me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an Englishman, I don't know how these season schedules compare to your own American sports but I hope it gives you a rough idea :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3585" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T03:58:44.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4506" CreationDate="2014-04-22T06:24:20.673" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is - &lt;em&gt;it depends&lt;/em&gt;. ATP players started receiving points under certain conditions in 2009. See the rules for Davis Cup results and ATP rankings &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx#daviscup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20140425201253/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx#daviscup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Davis Cup points are awarded for World Group and World Group playoff&#xA;  ties only. The points accumulated in the four ties within the previous&#xA;  52 weeks can be used as one of the player’s best of six (6) results.&#xA;  If a particular Davis Cup round shows up twice within the 52-week&#xA;  window, the best one of those two results will count towards the&#xA;  player’s Davis Cup result. (This will come into play when a tie is&#xA;  played earlier in the year compared to the previous year and both ties&#xA;  fall within the 52-week window.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Fed Cup system works differently from Davis Cup and WTA players are not awarded any points for participation in Fed Cup ties. This probably has some to do with the fact that Fed Cup is governed by a different organization (ITF) than the pro womens tour (WTA) is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T04:37:31.130" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T04:37:31.130" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2014-04-22T08:28:02.470" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Germany's has this tradition of having few players from Austria and Poland(Klose and Podolski). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the famous Euro 2008 match between Germany and Poland, Lukas Podalski scored both of Germany goals with one of them assisted by fellow striker, Klose.As a respect for his native country Podalski didn't celebrate the goal and also &lt;a href=&quot;http://espnfc.com/news/story?id=544294&amp;amp;cc=5901&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;later told that it was emotional&lt;/a&gt; to score against his country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3586" LastEditorUserId="3586" LastEditDate="2014-04-24T20:22:27.130" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T20:22:27.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4492" CreationDate="2014-04-22T19:05:44.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: The below answer was valid at the time it was posted, however, the rules changed dramatically, and now any contact with the net by a player between the antennae, during the action of playing the ball, is a fault. (With explicit inclusion of the take-off and landing in the action of playing the ball.) Therefore, per the current rules, both sample situations are now faults.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are perfect examples of cases where touching the net is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a fault. The current net-touch rules are constructed so that almost no inadvertent net touches are faults.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simplifying it a bit, touching the net is a fault only when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;while playing the ball, you touch the top band (or the top part of the antenna), or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you touch the net intentionally to gain an unfair advantage (like: pulling the net down to help your attacker, forcing the ball flying into the net on the other side of the court to rebound directly to the ground, etc.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_VB_Casebook_2014_v2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;FIVB Rules of the Game Volleyball Casebook, 2014 edition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; lists several examples (examples 3.13–3.22; pages 11–12), where it is made clear that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slightly touching the body of the net is not a fault.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When an attacker touches the band while faking an attack while the ball is on the other side of the court, it is not a fault (as this was not “during action of playing the ball”).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The same is true for blocking: When a blocker touches the band while trying to block a fake attack while the ball is on the other side of the court, it is not a fault. (But touching the band while trying to block the attacking player &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a fault, no matter whether the blocker touched the ball or not.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I especially recommend watching teaching videos for referees available as a part of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/MultimediaReferees2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the FIVB Multimedia Teaching Material for Referees&lt;/a&gt;: First, click &lt;em&gt;Net Rule Move&lt;/em&gt; in the left menu and watch the video. Then, navigate to rule 11 in the contents menu and click &lt;em&gt;Jump to the videos&lt;/em&gt; to see a list of applicable video examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2015-09-30T21:40:58.030" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T21:40:58.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-22T22:14:16.970" Score="8" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend suggest me non-interlacing progressive mode to my Sony Nex-3N with low shutter speed and a lot of light and one camera photographing the player and one camera photographing the ball. Is there any ready made device to get the speed of tennis ball without manually calculating it from the pictures?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T17:56:22.417" Title="Speed of a tennis ball to tennis serving training feedback videos?" Tags="|tennis|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-22T23:40:12.870" Score="5" ViewCount="2525" Body="&lt;p&gt;When are team fouls not person fouls? Is it correct that offensive fouls are not considered personal? Are there are other such fouls? Also is if you have one technical and one flagrant 1 is that an ejection?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3588" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-04-23T13:25:30.190" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T21:36:19.913" Title="Team foul but not a personal foul" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2014-04-22T23:55:21.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game between Albania and Switzerland in 2011, X. Shaqiri scored the opening goal. I'm not sure if it counts though, as he's born in Kosovo, but he is ethnically speaking a &quot;Kosovo-Albanian&quot; (not sure if it's called that in English, sorry).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, Switzerland won with two goals to one. Interestingly, almost all players on the pitch were born in Kosovo or Albania, so it was basically a derby!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T23:55:21.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4514" CreationDate="2014-04-23T09:34:29.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foul_%28basketball%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; offensive fouls are personal fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A personal foul against a player of the team in possession of the ball&#xA;  is called an offensive foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I understand from the article is that a team foul relates to the foul count against a team;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team foul is any foul by reference to the count against a given team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding ejections;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NBA and NCAA define a Flagrant-1 foul as unnecessary contact, and&#xA;  two such penalties leads to ejection of the player. A Flagrant-2 foul&#xA;  is contact that is both unnecessary and excessive, and requires&#xA;  ejection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowhere in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; does it state that 1 technical and 1 flagrant-1 foul will lead to an ejection (instead you need two of them). As I understand it you can commit 1 of each without facing an ejection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-04-24T13:52:15.807" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T13:52:15.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4518" CreationDate="2014-04-23T11:21:13.450" Score="9" ViewCount="7607" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rules has a major impact on the way &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/apr/13/the-question-why-is-offside-law-genius&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; is played by making it more difficult to play a simple offside trap or in the past by stopping &quot;goal hanging&quot;. I was wondering what other sports have an offside rule as well and does anyone know how the offside rule in that sport affects the way it is played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T07:01:01.293" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T07:01:01.293" Title="What other sports have an offside rule other than football?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|international-sports|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4517" CreationDate="2014-04-23T12:05:20.547" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an offside rule in (ice) hockey&lt;/a&gt;, which essentially means a player cannot just hang out the attacking 1/3 of the rink and wait for the puck to be passed to him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_%28rugby%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an offside rule in rugby&lt;/a&gt; which seems to differ a bit with respect to the two major disciplines of the sport (union and league). The difference between offside in football and offside in rugby appears to lie in the reference point to which the position of the player is compared, in rugby that is the ball whereas in football it is the second last defender (including the goalkeeper). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it's not called &quot;offside&quot;, there is a similar rule in basketball, called 3-second-violation. &lt;a href=&quot;https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061028181429AA0M0lk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here you can read a nice summary&lt;/a&gt; of the offensive and defensive 3-second violation calls. Note that this rule exists under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2012/OfficialBasketballRules2012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA regulations&lt;/a&gt; (art. 26) as well as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA regulations&lt;/a&gt; (Rule 10, sections 7 &amp;amp; 8). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T13:56:02.657" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T13:56:02.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4517" CreationDate="2014-04-23T13:43:47.380" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gridiron Football (American and Canadian) has an offside foul too.  If a player is on the wrong side of the line of the scrimmage when the ball is snapped then they are offside.  It is even a strategy of the offensive team to entice a player to make such a move before the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could also argue that at the kickoff, the rule that says that the kicking team have to be behind the line the ball is on is also an offside rule.  A deliberate attempt of the kicking team to gain possession at the kickoff by kicking short and along the ground is even still called an 'onside kick', a play that is reminiscent of a contested kickoff or 22-meter dropout in Rugby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T13:43:47.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4517" CreationDate="2014-04-23T19:54:07.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lacrosse has rules for offsides as well. The rules forces at least three players of the team to be on the attack half of the field (usually the attackers) and at least four players to be on its defensive half of the field (usually the defence and goalie).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three players in the midfield are, however, free to move however they want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://filacrosse.com/rules-mens-field/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 65 &quot;Offside&quot; of the &quot;FEDERATION OF INTERNATIONAL LACROSSE 2013-2014 Rules of Men’s Field Lacrosse&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3418" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T19:54:07.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-23T20:05:28.123" Score="3" ViewCount="2286" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say the goalie (Team A) is way up the field (let's say for a corner kick late in the game)... He leaves one defender (Team A) parked on his 18 yard box... The opposing team wins the ball and starts a quick counter... the ball gets played up to the 2 forwards on team B who advance the ball past half field and find themselves in a 2 on 1 with the defender (team A) parked on the 18 box.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say forward  # 1  passes the ball up to forward #2 who is not quite at the 18 where the defender is sitting.  Is this offside because there is only 1 defender? (goalie is too slow getting back)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3592" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T23:21:23.097" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T21:14:50.410" Title="Offside Scenario with Goalkeeper in Other Half" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4523" CreationDate="2014-04-23T20:30:04.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. He is offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offside rule is defined as a line created by the &lt;em&gt;second to last&lt;/em&gt; defender. It doesn't matter who that is, if you're behind the second to last guy (and ahead of the ball, and past midfield) when the ball is passed, you're off sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A comprehensive answer is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3/how-is-offside-determined-in-soccer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T20:30:04.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4525" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-24T00:04:42.900" Score="7" ViewCount="6983" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fastest recorded tennis serve is about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVlTc1vYsjQ&quot;&gt;260km/h&lt;/a&gt; but &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smash_%28tennis%29&quot;&gt;smash&lt;/a&gt; is far easier to do and shoot with far higher velocity. I am trying to find the maximum speed tennis players are able to shoot the ball and I feel the shot is smash, not serving. Correct me please if I am wrong. So what is the fastest recorded tennis smash?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T06:08:52.627" Title="What is the fastest recorded smash shot in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4513" CreationDate="2014-04-24T00:59:53.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, the speed of the tennis ball is measured with radars based on Doppler effect where the difference in pulses reveal the speed. This device costs about 100EUR and it is bulky to carry around besides a camera. So trying to get the speed in other ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Programmatically in Mathematica? Thread &lt;a href=&quot;https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/46693/how-to-measure-the-speed-of-ball-from-a-video-or-a-set-of-pictures&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which features required in a camera? Photographing thread &lt;a href=&quot;https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/49763/high-speed-camera-for-photographing-fast-objects-such-as-balls-important-featur&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and the easiest solution seems to be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/10534/how-to-take-fast-shutter-speed-photos-that-arent-dark&quot;&gt;large ISO (more noise) and small shutter speed&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comparisons of shots&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4525/what-is-the-fastest-recorded-smash-shot-in-tennis&quot;&gt;What is the fastest recorded smash shot in tennis?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:10.907" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T00:59:53.310" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-04-24T00:59:53.310" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4525" CreationDate="2014-04-24T04:58:42.143" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The speed of overhead smashes that are hit during tennis points are not recorded (or at least if they are recorded, those metrics are not kept or stored anywhere permanent). The speed of the serve is mostly a gimmick for the fans to observe and - to my knowledge - it's only matches on the show courts at the 4 majors where any kind of statistics around serve speed is recorded and the data is kept as part of match statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I had to guess, however, it would probably be Roddick against Federer at Wimbledon ;). See this clip: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uaw_P5ZX4r8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uaw_P5ZX4r8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T06:08:52.627" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T06:08:52.627" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4348" CreationDate="2014-04-24T05:34:36.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are doing free-style then best way to turn your upper torso(rather than just your face) up to 60 degrees and then breathe under the wave which is getting created by your front crawl. Initially it would be difficult But over period of the time this will be great technique. Every professional swimmer follows this. &#xA; And I think it will address both of your problems. You will be able to keep your face out of the water for 1-2 seconds and your face will always be attached to your non-recovery arm so this will not make hips and legs downwards in water while doing front-crawl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this will help..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-04-24T15:26:15.683" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T15:26:15.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4347" CreationDate="2014-04-24T05:55:36.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;@ Millie Smith.. while doing front crawl aka Free style. Don't look forward it will drop your hips down and during breathe recovery you'll find yourself struggling to come up to water surface to breathe. &lt;strong&gt;Instead keep your Head + Back + Hip linear.And movement of these must be same and synchronized. Make sure these 3 make a linear line rather than an arc or bow like posture.&lt;/strong&gt; This will keep your body more closer to surface. &#xA;      As you described above you are more bit faster while keeping your body under water. Obviously you are right about this. But you are a sprinter not under water swimmer so definitely you will be needing more breathes. And breathes will be easy only when your body is more closer to water surface. One more thing keep your body relax and full of air by continuous breathing.. automatically you'll be on water surface &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this will help...                &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T05:55:36.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4353" CreationDate="2014-04-24T06:10:26.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen your most of the questions @ millie and I've come up with few flaws you may be suffering from. Please identify which suites best in your case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your head+back+hip are in bow(arc) like position when you do free style without fins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Probably your legs a not stretched enough . May be because of foot make angle of 90 degree with your legs OR your knees are bent. This point is because of you just said with fins your back and hips are in proper position without pressing your chest. Simply means your legs are not stretched enough.    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T06:10:26.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-24T11:17:34.030" Score="5" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been trying this technique from past couple of days but failed to do it properly. Since I am not taking any coaching so just want to make sure that whatever I am doing is not wrong. &#xA;Here is what I do [Please see attached image]......&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I take my one hand stretched on front direction and other hand on my hips.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm kicking from both legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instead facing my belly to swimming pool bottom I keep it on slight angle so that I can take my face easily out of the water surface to breathe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i1.ytimg.com/vi/trUWRIEwQ4c/maxresdefault.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;side-crawl&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read somewhere that while breathing in this style you head must be attached to your stretched hand. But in my case I failed to take my head out of the water[keeping head attached to stretched shoulder] so that I can break water surface and breathe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Difference in image and what I do is just head in image is partially outside the water so that he can break water surface easily to breathe. But my head remains under water and even after rotating, it hardly breaks water surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow I managed to breathe by breaking the connection of head and stretched shoulder. But this is wrong technique. Please suggest any correction in technique. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-10T09:42:48.230" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T18:18:54.850" Title="How to do side-crawl efficiently with taking few breathes periodically?" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4534" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4535" CreationDate="2014-04-24T17:08:58.803" Score="2" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose there is a runner on first. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter hits a fly ball, and runs to first. The runner on first, anticipating that the ball will be caught, &quot;barely&quot; leaves first, with the expectation of returning there. The ball is caught but the batter has touched first base in the meantime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the runner on first return there or is he out because the batter touched first base? Should the batter refrain from touching first base until the ball hits the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(My understanding is that the runner on first is out if the batter BYpasses him on the way to second, but this is a slightly different situation.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T22:45:52.937" Title="Can a runner be &quot;put out&quot; by a runner behind him in the following situation?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4534" CreationDate="2014-04-24T21:22:41.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner on first is not out until he is bypassed by a runner behind him.  In this situation the runner on first would only be out if he is passed by the runner before the ball is caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is caught and then the batter continues to round the base after the catch and passes the runner, the runner is not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Touching first base does not change anything.  There are many different situations where the runner may want to be part of the way off the base, or even tag-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a tag-up situation, the batter may touch the base at the same time as the runner, but cannot pass the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T21:22:41.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4514" CreationDate="2014-04-24T21:36:19.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, an offensive foul is a personal foul but not a team foul.  It also may not lead to free throws for the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rule that combines a flagrant 1 and a technical foul.  The reasoning is that the NBA has a technical foul and a personal foul.  Flagrant fouls are part of the personal fouls, and technical fouls are their own definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;NBA Rule 12&quot;&gt;NBA Rule 12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not familiar with the other levels of basketball, but I would imagine they are similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T21:36:19.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4499" CreationDate="2014-04-24T21:54:08.697" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The issue with baseball is that there are many different rules variations depending on the level you are talking about.  The NCAA abides by the same substitution rules as the American League in the MLB.  In lower levels, however such as high school (NFHS) a starting player may re-enter the game in his previous spot in the batting lineup once and substitutes may not re-enter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A catcher may not re-enter the game at the MLB or NCAA level under any circumstances (ie the second catcher gets injured).  This is an exception that the MLB has made for the All-Star game only to keep position players or pitchers from having to play catcher in an exhibition game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/game_preliminaries_3.jsp&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T21:54:08.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4548" CreationDate="2014-04-25T05:56:34.003" Score="2" ViewCount="2741" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I listen to baseball games, announcers will mention that pitches are on the inside corner. Presumably, the inside corner of the strike zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand is that the strike zone, to my knowledge, is a rectangle so wouldn't it have two inside corners (inside being the vertical side closest to the batter)? Or does inside corner mean something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3600" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:25:09.610" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T01:25:09.610" Title="In baseball, what is the &quot;inside corner&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4421" CreationDate="2014-04-25T11:18:25.650" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's very hard to pick the quickest player in the EPL. It also depends if you measure the run without the ball or with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up the answer, &lt;strong&gt;Theo Walcott&lt;/strong&gt; is probably the fastest but it's inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Measurements are being done all the time by several organizations. In the last measurement done by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.givemesport.com/416458-top-10-fastest-footballers-in-world-football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA&lt;/a&gt;, Antonio Valencia was chosen fastest football player on the planet. Other EPL players who also appear on the list are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Antonio Valencia (35.1 KM/H)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aaron Lennon (33.8 KM/H)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Theo Walcott (32.7 KM/H)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wayne Rooney (31.2 KM/H)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JLeB8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;List of fastest players by FIFA&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accuracy of these numbers can probably be disputed, since all FIFA has stated  that the data was pulled off from their own computers and tracking systems.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;Another source is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-gb/slideshow/5299/1/title/goals-5-quickest-players-in-the-premier-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Goal.com&lt;/a&gt;. Their 5 fastest players in the Premier League are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Theo Walcott (22.72 miles per hour)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kyle Walker &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jesus Navas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gabby Agbonlahor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aaron Lennon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ftbpro.com/posts/ian.stewart.palmer/128144/the-12-fastest-premier-league-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ftbpro.com&lt;/a&gt;, Theo Walcott is also the fastest one.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;But if you ask Kyle Walker (Tottenham), he will present &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.101greatgoals.com/blog/tottenhams-kyle-walker-uploads-picture-to-instagram-claiming-hes-quickest-in-premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; as proof that he is the fastest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dPxPy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dPxPy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Kyle Walker&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://igcdn-photos-h-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xap1/t51.2885-15/928479_280411068786687_1663339398_n.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;akamaihd.net&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-20T20:27:23.267" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T20:27:23.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4488" CreationDate="2014-04-25T13:20:19.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I have read and heard he was released because his knee made him a liability. On this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cpfc.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-139272.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;forum&lt;/a&gt; the fans talk about it said that Paule Le Guen deemed he was surplus to requirements at Rangers and that Andrews was afraid to take a medical at Reading in case he failed it as it would look bad when he was trying to find a new club. I didn't see any interview where he gave a reason behind his release but the amount of injuries he suffered must have made up Rangers' mind about releasing him in 2006.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T13:20:19.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4549" CreationDate="2014-04-25T13:28:27.530" Score="3" ViewCount="1728" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading a magazine article about a thirty-something actress who never played tennis before, took a tennis clinic, and in the course of a three day weekend, rose to &quot;high intermediate&quot; level (a 4.0 or 4.5).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that tennis players are rated from 1.0 (rank beginner) to 7.0 (world class). Your (local) tennis pro or instructor is likely to be about 6.0 on this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/Adult-Tennis/USTA-League/Information/About_NTRP/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;scale.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing the woman's strong showing, are the tennis instructors likely to think, we have a &quot;natural&quot; here who's likely to be &quot;pro&quot; caliber (6.0 or better)? Or is there more likely to be a natural ceiling of, say, 5.0 with her having reached &quot;most&quot; (80-90 percent) of her potential at the clinic itself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put another way, are the tennis ratings &quot;exponential&quot; (like the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Richter scale&lt;/a&gt; for earthquakes)? That is, could it be ten times harder to reach 6.0 than 5.0, and 100 times harder to reach 7.0 than 5.0? Meaning that if some who exited a tennis clinic with a 4.5 rating could (with practice) bump it up to 5.0, that would be three times better, and 5.5 would be a tenfold improvement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-04-25T14:00:39.340" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T23:38:59.143" Title="Is a person likely to realize most of their ultimate potential in a three-day tennis clinic?" Tags="|tennis|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2014-04-25T14:26:19.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few actually; practically every game between Turkey and Germany have had some player &amp;quot;upsetting&amp;quot; one side. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;07.10.2011 Turkish left-back Hakan Balta scored the only goal for Turkey, as the home team lost 3-1. He's born in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Balta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;W. Berlin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;08.10.2005 International friendly game where Turkey won 2-1, goals scored by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Alt%C4%B1ntop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;H. Altintop&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_%C5%9Eahin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;N. Sahin&lt;/a&gt;, both born and raised in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similarly M. Özil scored against Turkey in multiple games; even though he's not born in Turkey his parents are both Turkish, and he has &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210421165739/https://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2013/04/09/3886081/i-will-always-be-turkish-why-ozil-is-worshipped-in-istanbul&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on several occasions expressed&lt;/a&gt; having a Turkish identity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we continue with Germany, more recent players were &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukas_Podolski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;L. Podolski&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Klose&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;M. Klose&lt;/a&gt;, who have played against Poland. The duo scored a goal in Euro 2008 and chose not to celebrate it (&lt;em&gt;Podi&lt;/em&gt; actually scored both goals, Klose assisted one of them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-15T07:38:16.303" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T07:38:16.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4539" CreationDate="2014-04-25T18:36:29.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;home plate&quot; is an unusual construct, that is rectangular in front (two corners), and becomes a triangle in back (one corner). Here, &quot;corner&quot; refers to the two front ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Inside&quot; is in relation to the batter. A right handed batter will stand to the left of the plate, so that his &quot;inside&quot; corner is the (left) corner closer to him, and the &quot;outside&quot; (right) corner is the one further from him. The reverse is true for a left handed batter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pitched ball stayed &quot;totally&quot; inside, it would be between the plate and the batter, and be a &quot;ball.&quot; Hitting the &quot;inside corner&quot; means part of the baseball barely &quot;covered&quot; the &quot;inside corner&quot; of the plate for a called strike. The baseball has to go over the plate between the batter's shoulders and knees, for a &quot;called&quot; strike but the rule is any part of the ball over any part of the plate over the appropriate height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-04-28T13:18:03.497" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T13:18:03.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4546" CreationDate="2014-04-25T21:33:04.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tom,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First I'd like to clear up some misconceptions you might have about the NTRP rating scale and where players (and teaching pros) fall on that scale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The skill level of your local tennis pro or instructor can vary greatly. Some tennis pros are former professional players while some, who understand the game and the mechanics of all the strokes, are nowhere near the 6.0 level of playing ability. Of all the teaching pros I've ever known (about a few dozen) I'd say most average somewhere between the 4.0 to 5.0 level of playing ability. It mostly depends on how often they are still playing competitive tennis vs. just hitting balls out of a basket for other people to practice. Some might be coaching college level teams/players while others are just running cardio tennis on weeknights or teaching quick-start 10 &amp;amp; under to kids. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the actress you read about (Elisabeth Shue by chance?) - I would find it very hard to believe that anyone (whether the have natural athletic ability or not) could go from a beginner to a 4.0 or 4.5 after just one 3-day clinic. Acquiring skill in tennis is a very technical task and it takes the kind of time and repetition that just can't be done in a few days. Most adults that have reached the 4.0 or 4.5 level have only done so after many years or playing and practicing regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without having seen the player or knowing the coaches, I would say you are probably correct that this player had some natural ability and reached close to the ceiling of their potential quickly. Keep in mind though that many people that play tennis never ascend above the 3.5 or 4.0 rating their entire lives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the NTRP ratings themselves go - you are correct that they are a little bit exponential but not quite ten-fold or to the degree you mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I've seen, the margins of victory and what separates one level of player from another gets smaller as you go up the ratings scale. For example - an average 4.5 player might occasionally lose to a good 4.0 player - maybe because the 4.0 player is more fit or has a little bit better tactics and patience (fewer errors).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player that is a true 5.0 level player would almost never lose to a 4.0 player and in fact, most of the points would probably be pretty lopsided, with the 5.0 player being in control of most (if not all) of them. As you look at players higher and higher on the ratings scale, they do pretty much everything a little better. Better 1st and 2nd serve, more consistent ground strokes, more aggressive in finishing points at the net, better tactics, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's interesting is, as good as a 5.0 level player is - and this is often true of the game of tennis as a whole - there is always someone who is better. That 5.0 player, who might have good shots and technique, and maybe played in college, would get completely demolished by a 6.5/7.0 level professional player. A 7.0 level player is someone that makes a living playing tennis and has been playing regularly (and frequently) since they were a child. There are just different levels of fitness, balance, strategy and experience at the 7.0 level that make the difference. Not to mention all kinds of other things like muscle memory and things that get developed over the course of many years of playing the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even among pro tennis players, you'll occasionally see scorelines like 6-0, 6-1 where one player was just having a bad day and their opponent was playing well. It doesn't take a whole lot sometimes for a match to be lopsided. Even as good as someone is that's ranked say, around 500 in the world (who is a 6.5 or 7.0 level player) - someone that is in the top 10 in the world would likely defeat them easily in a match - it happens all the time in the early rounds of grand slam events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T21:33:04.700" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4546" CreationDate="2014-04-25T22:15:13.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely no way you can &lt;em&gt;learn something&lt;/em&gt; in three days(or 3 weeks, even 3 months), let alone reaching &quot;intermediate level&quot;(for which 3 years are probably still not quite enough). Also if all those tens of thousands of coaches are 6.0 out of 7.0 then this rating scale will be a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The claim is highly unlikely. Possibly it's downright scam(best possible scenario: the &quot;coach&quot; lied to the actress in a typical commercial setting to make her feel &quot;wonderful&quot;, worse, they are trying to do a brainless &quot;advertising&quot; effort assuming their readers are idiots. It's the 70s after all...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably this is more suited as a comment but I currently still don't have the reputation to do so... Just wanted to express something strongly. Sorry if I sound rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T22:15:13.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4552" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4556" CreationDate="2014-04-26T06:28:39.830" Score="5" ViewCount="6730" Body="&lt;p&gt;All (or at least almost all) tournaments at ATP level have a qualifying competition, from which players can get into the main draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do players get some points if they win a match in the qualifying rounds? If not, do at least winners of the qualifying get points? (IIRC the players who enter main draw get points even if they are defeated in the first round already.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Rankings#Current_points_distribution_.282009_-_present.29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/DAB9C80F5DA74B7C9D0660541B9471CE.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; mention additional qualifying points. (For example, 25 points in Grand Slams.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact quote from rulebook is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players qualifying for the main draw through the qualifying competition shall receive&#xA;  qualifying points in addition to any points earned, as per the following table,&#xA;  with the exception of Futures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure whether I understand this correctly. Is this the number of points that a player who qualified to the main draw receives? (In addition to the points he receives from the competition.) So the players who do not qualify do not receive any points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-04-26T07:23:22.147" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T16:13:57.047" Title="Do players get points into ATP ranking even for matches in qualifying rounds" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4448" CreationDate="2014-04-26T11:40:44.073" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are actually 15 categories of fouls in the NBA (depending on how you count).  Given the number of possibilities, most fans/announcers tend to treat fouls that are not &quot;routine&quot; as technical fouls, though some of the &quot;special&quot; fouls are actually personal fouls (they might still result in undefended free throws).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Technical Fouls&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delay of game - any action that would keep an opposing team from starting their possession&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This one is often bizarre as a player might inadvertently touch the ball after they score, but not stop and pass it to the referee.  A player may completely ignore the ball and run back on defense, but if they touch it, they have to pass it to the referee&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Excessive timeouts - calling a timeout when the team has no more remaining&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi Chris Webber!  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QPB9NBUG2g&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QPB9NBUG2g&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Substitution - Not checking in with the officials before entering the court&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Loosely enforced&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hanging on the basket - Player cannot hang on the basket, net, etc except to avoid injury&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Barely enforced&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coaches box violations - Coach must stay within the markings and not run down the court&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Loosely enforced&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defensive 3-seconds - A defensive player in the lane must have been within arms reach of an offensive player in the last three seconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 players violation - You must have 5 players if the ball is alive&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;There are actually exceptions to the fouling out rule so that a team always has at least 5 eligible players.  Cavs v Lakers this year ran into these exceptions.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Conduct - unsportsmanlike conduct&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;The list here is a mile long, and almost completely at the referee's discretion.  An interesting case is that personal fouls committed while play is stopped can be assessed as techs&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fighting&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Punching someone may or may not be a technical foul, see the personal foul below.  Also there are no free throws at all if fighting is the foul assessed by the referee.  Everyone involved gets ejected&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Personal Fouls&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defensive - illegal contact by a defender&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This includes the &quot;new&quot; clear-path-to-the-basket and away-from-the-ball fouls&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Offensive - illegal contact by an offensive player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Loose ball - illegal contact when neither team has the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Flagrant 1 - Unnecessary contact&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This one will not cause an ejection&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Flagrant 2 - Unnecessary and excessive contact&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This one will cause an ejection&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Punching - throwing a punch&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This one will cause an ejection&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="183" LastEditorUserId="183" LastEditDate="2014-04-26T12:04:00.923" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T12:04:00.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4554" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4557" CreationDate="2014-04-26T17:58:01.930" Score="3" ViewCount="880" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon uses seeding which gives advantage to players that are more successful on grass courts. (Although I am not sure how long have they used seeding in this way.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Wimbledon_Championships#Singles_Seeds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 Wimbledon Championships&lt;/a&gt; we can read that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Gentlemen's singles seeds is arranged on a surface-based system to reflect more accurately the individual player's grass court achievement as per the following formula, which applies to the top 32 players, according to ATP Ranking on 17 June 2013:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Take Entry System Position (ESP) points at 16 June 2014&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Add 100% points earned for all grass court tournaments in the past 12 months (16.06.2013 – 15.06.2014).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Add 75% points earned for best grass court tournament in the 12 months before that (12.06.2012 – 15.06.2013)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For the Ladies' singles seeds, the seeding order follows the ranking list, except where in the opinion of the Committee, the grass court credentials of a particular player necessitates a change in the interest of achieving a balanced draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some other tournaments which do not follow ATP/WTA rankings? In general, can organizers of a tournament make changes to seeding, if they want to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T23:37:17.097" Title="On which tournaments the seeding does not follow ATP/WTA ranking?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4555" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4578" CreationDate="2014-04-26T18:02:33.897" Score="5" ViewCount="1432" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering how much of a different small splits/cracks in the toe of a cricket bat makes I shall add a few photos of the cracks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The splits aren't very large, and I was wondering if they need to be repaired (I know nothing about bat repairing), or whether they won't really have that much effect? Also, of course, is there a realistic chance of the cracks' getting significantly larger and causing damage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3SG8d.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Picture 1&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/A0oDZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Picture 2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7FlOp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Picture 3&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="3582" LastEditDate="2018-08-23T10:40:50.787" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T10:40:50.787" Title="What Effect Could Splits or Cracks in a Cricket Bat Have?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4552" CreationDate="2014-04-26T23:23:04.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, players can receive rankings points for winning qualifying round matches. The amount of points they win typically depends on how many matches they win and what level of tournament it is - a 250, 500, 1000 (Masters) or 2000 (grand slam).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An easy way to see what kind of points are awarded is to go to a tournament profile page for a tournament on the ATP's website and click on the &quot;Points &amp;amp; Prize Money&quot; tab (it's a little further down on each of the tournament profile pages). It shows a breakdown of the prize money and points awarded for each level of results (both singles &amp;amp; doubles).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a couple of quick examples for the 2 tournaments being held this week in Barcelona (a 500 level event) and Bucharest (a 250 level event)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Tournaments/Bucharest.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bucharest&lt;/a&gt;: 12 points for making it through qualifying and into the main draw, 6 points for making it into the last round of qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Tournaments/Barcelona.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;: 10 points for making it through qualifying and into the main draw, 4 points for making it into the last round of qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the reason for the difference in points has to do with how many rounds of qualifying are actually held - only 2 qualifying rounds were held in Barcelona, while 3 rounds of qualifying were held in Bucharest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T23:23:04.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4554" CreationDate="2014-04-26T23:37:17.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon is a special case and, to my knowledge, the only event at the ATP/WTA level that uses its own special &quot;recent grass performance&quot; seeding method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not many fans that follow tennis closely seem to be a fan of this seeding method because it seems to confuse more than it helps. Personally I don't mind it because it tends not to alter the seeding too dramatically. That aside, in some cases I can see why the players themselves really don't like it because it can possibly mean facing a tougher opponent than they would normally - although the opposite could be an outcome as well (facing a weaker opponent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason why Wimbledon can get away with doing this is because it is an ITF event (governed by the International Tennis Federation) and not an ATP or WTA event. That still doesn't explain &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; they do things that way - since all of the 4 majors are ITF events and the Australian Open, French Open and US Open still follow the ATP/WTA rankings for seeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T23:37:17.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2014-04-27T07:21:59.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The call of the wide ball results in one run as extras and thereby the team achieves the required run to win. It should be understood that the wide ball, though called when the ball crosses the wickets at the striker's end, is deemed to have been a wide from the time the ball leaves the hand of the bowler. Hence, the stumping is not counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3610" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T07:21:59.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4561" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-27T07:32:35.460" Score="4" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can an Umpire call &quot;Play&quot; with only one batsman in the ground? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I follow up the above question with another one....A wicket falls in the last ball of the over just before the call of Time for drinks in an ODI game. Drinks are being brought on to the field. A new batsman also walks in and by the time he reaches his partner, say near the 30 yard circle closer to the pavilion, the captain of the batting side, who is the not-out batsman on the field, sends the new batsman back and asks him to send another batsman in. By the time, the other batsman arrives, the Umpires and the fielders are ready to resume the game. There is only one batsman on the field. &#xA;Can the Umpire call &quot;Play&quot; now as time for drinks has elapsed? &#xA;If not, how long should the Umpire wait before he can answer an appeal for Timed out?&#xA;What action should the umpire(s) take?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Play has not been called, hence technically there can be no appeal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3610" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T05:39:58.343" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T05:39:58.343" Title="Can an Umpire call &quot;Play&quot; with only one batsman in the ground?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2544" CreationDate="2014-04-27T07:44:38.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answers are provided clearly in the ICC's Std. Playing conditions where Super Overs are included. For the part about the batsman, if a batsman is injured and cannot return to continue his innings, he shall be considered &quot;Retired - out&quot; and thereby one wicket would have falled if he is one of the first opening pair to come. If he is one of the second pair batting, then the innings of the batting side would conclude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second part, if the bowler is incapacitated and cannot continue, the fielding side captain can get any one of the playing fielders to complete the over, provided the player is not a substitute. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of clarity: If at the end of the main match, a substitute has fielded, he can continue to field during the Super over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3610" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T07:44:38.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4567" CreationDate="2014-04-27T15:47:21.280" Score="6" ViewCount="11071" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have only ever come across this 5-game series (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_1984_EC1.html#NJN-PHI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1984 ECR1, NJN vs PHI, NJN win 3-2&lt;/a&gt;), where the road team won every game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened in a 7-game series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In recent memory, one series in which the first 4 games were won by the road team was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_2005_WC1.html#DAL-HOU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;HOU vs DAL, 2005, WCR1&lt;/a&gt;. But the next 3 games were won by the home team.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T13:47:33.343" LastActivityDate="2021-07-15T04:02:59.603" Title="NBA 7 game playoff series where every game was won by the road team?" Tags="|trivia|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4564" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-27T15:53:34.000" Score="3" ViewCount="551" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA is constantly tweaking the rules to make the game more entertaining, faster-paced, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So has the NBA ever considered reducing the 24-second shot clock (say by even one second)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-31T09:28:17.493" LastActivityDate="2019-08-31T09:28:17.493" Title="24-second shot clock: Has the NBA ever considered reducing it?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4575" CreationDate="2014-04-27T22:41:52.250" Score="12" ViewCount="2224" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the premier league game of Liverpool vs Chelsea today, there was a point during the game that Chelsea had two players injured at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commentator mentioned that if there was two players from the same team injured they didn't need to leave the pitch before returning. But then the referee made them do so. What is the rule that governs this instance? Seems unfair that the game would restart with one team down to 9, albeit briefly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-04-28T09:38:43.450" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T14:55:54.070" Title="Football - Two injured players from the same team" Tags="|rules|football|injuries|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4563" CreationDate="2014-04-28T01:37:45.237" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the inception of the NBA through the 2017 Conference Finals, 128 game sevens have been played. Of those, only &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_game_sevens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;26 game sevens have been won by the road team&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of those 26 series 5 of those have had 5 road wins, but none have had 7 road wins (6 road wins is not possible for this scenario)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1968 Boston @ Philadelphia &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_1968_EDF.html#BOS-PHI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 road wins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1974 Boston @ Milwaukee &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_1974_finals.html#BOS-MIL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 road wins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1981 Houston @ San Antonio &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_1981_WCS.html#HOU-SAS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 road wins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2005 Indiana @ Boston &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_2005_EC1.html#IND-BOS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 road wins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2017 Utah @ Los Angeles Clippers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 road wins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible that there were 6 road wins in a playoff series and the home team finally won in game 7, but the answer to your question would still be no. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2082" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-05-26T06:40:49.233" LastActivityDate="2017-05-26T06:40:49.233" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-04-28T13:39:35.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware they were made to leave the field because they were not injured in the same incident. For instance if the two players collided into each other then they would not be required to leave the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3479" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T13:39:35.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4573" CreationDate="2014-04-28T14:48:44.533" Score="2" ViewCount="2990" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the fact that a slow left arm bowler is always easier for a left handed batsman. I have seen several matches where captains won't give chances for slow left arm bowlers to bowl against left handed batsmen. During India - Sri Lanka matches, captain Dhoni didn't give much chance for R Jadeja. Why is it easier? Does it also apply to right arm spinners to right handed batsmen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2116" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-08-18T10:33:38.190" LastActivityDate="2022-08-18T10:33:38.190" Title="Slow Left arm bowler vs Left Handed Batsman" Tags="|cricket|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-28T18:15:20.157" Score="1" ViewCount="2200" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is auctioned for Rs. 14cr and he played only 3 match will he be entitled to get his entire fees or he will be paid on a prorata basis for e.g no of match played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3616" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-04-28T18:49:34.167" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T18:54:46.757" Title="How the money is paid to the IPL players?" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-04-29T13:38:51.177" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4570" CreationDate="2014-04-28T18:25:30.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer lies in the fact that &lt;strong&gt;it is considered to be harder  to play a ball that is spinning away from the body than a ball that is spinning in towards the body&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore &lt;em&gt;off spin&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt; bowlers, who naturally move the ball away from the left-hander, will be expected to be most effective against left-handed batsmen. By contrast, &lt;em&gt;leg spin&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;slow left arm&lt;/em&gt; bowlers, who naturally move the ball away from the right-hander, will be expected to excel against right-handed batsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T18:25:30.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4572" CreationDate="2014-04-28T18:54:46.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is &lt;em&gt;available&lt;/em&gt; for a match and he is not selected in the playing XI, he will get the full match payment. In short if player is available for the entire series but he isn't picked up in any match, he will still get full payment. E.g. Rs. 14cr in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T18:54:46.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-04-29T04:57:09.230" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee will not require two players from the same team to leave the field if they collide &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; they need immediate attention (ie. are seriously injured).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 73 - 74 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;2013/14 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (abridged for clarity):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee must adhere to the following procedure when dealing with injured&#xA;  players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play is allowed to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in the&#xA;  opinion of the referee, only slightly injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play is stopped if, in the opinion of the referee, a player is seriously injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;as soon as the referee has authorised the doctors to enter the field of play,&#xA;  the player must leave the field of play, either on a stretcher or on foot. If a&#xA;  player does not comply, he must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;an injured player may only return to the field of play after the match has&#xA;  restarted&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exceptions to this ruling are to be made only when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a goalkeeper is injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a goalkeeper and an outfield player have collided and need immediate&#xA;  attention&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;players from the same team have collided&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;need immediate attention&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a severe injury has occurred, e.g. swallowed tongue, concussion, broken leg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-04-29T04:57:09.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4555" CreationDate="2014-04-29T13:45:51.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Judging by the way the crack is moving up the back of the bat it needs some form of repair or strengthening before it breaks.  Depending on where your based I'd try and find a local bat maker or contact the shop you bought it from to get Kookaburra to look at it.  I've generally found the bigger brands won't deal with you direct, you have to go via the shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging by the face you've already had this taped at the toe, it's probably worth reapplying some tape if you need to use this while you arrange a repair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-04-29T13:45:51.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4580" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-29T16:52:28.893" Score="5" ViewCount="1482" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please see: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxY47I-pc-Q&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxY47I-pc-Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Greg Anthony (the commentator) is quite insistent that this should have been a jump ball.  But it looks to me that the ball was not in Hibbert's &quot;continuous possession&quot; (as required by the rules, see below). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, it looks like Hibbert went up, Millsap blocked it, ball completely left Hibbert's hands, Hibbert rebounded the blocked shot (albeit while still in the air), and came back down with it (just like you would when getting any rebound). So this shouldn't be a jump ball (and the officials got it right with their no-call). Is my interpretation of the rules correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A held ball occurs when two opponents have one or both hands firmly&#xA;  on the ball or anytime a defensive player touches the ball causing the&#xA;  offensive player to return to the floor with the ball in his&#xA;  continuous possession. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://mediacentral.nba.com/media/mediacentral/Official-NBA-Rule-Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;p. 19 of this PDF&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastActivityDate="2021-03-02T03:03:20.460" Title="Is this a held ball (which should have led to a jump ball)?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4581" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4582" CreationDate="2014-04-30T04:35:25.557" Score="6" ViewCount="4468" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2500/super-over-for-super-over&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; that if the boundaries count in the main match is equal then a count-back from the final ball of the one over eliminator would be &#xA;conducted.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider if still it looks equal as below, How the winning team will be decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+------------------+--------+--------+    &#xA;| RUNS SCORED FROM | TEAM 1 | TEAM 2 |    &#xA;+------------------+--------+--------+    &#xA;|     Ball 6       |   1    |   1    |    &#xA;|     Ball 5       |   2    |   2    |    &#xA;|     Ball 4       |   6    |   6    |    &#xA;|     Ball 3       |   4    |   4    |    &#xA;|     Ball 2       |   1    |   1    |    &#xA;|     Ball 1       |   1    |   1    |    &#xA;+------------------+--------+--------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T07:40:25.893" Title="Super Over tie rule" Tags="|rules|cricket|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4581" CreationDate="2014-04-30T05:54:27.120" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each tournament will have its own playing conditions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about other tournaments, as per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/about/2014/match-playing-conditions/54/appendix-7&quot;&gt;playing conditions of IPL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The super over will be declared as a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, if the match is a league match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 point will be given per team &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If both the teams have an equal number of points their relative&#xA;  positions shall be determined by the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a: the team with the most wins in matches in the League during the&#xA;  season will be placed in the higher position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b: if there are teams with equal points and equal wins during the&#xA;  season, then in such case the team with the higher net run rate will&#xA;  be placed in the higher position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c: if following the net run rate calculation above there are teams&#xA;  which are still equal, then the team with the higher number of wickets&#xA;  taken per balls bowled in the matches played that season in which&#xA;  results were achieved will be placed in the higher position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d: if still equal at the end of the regular season then the team&#xA;  position will be determined by &lt;strong&gt;drawing lots&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the match is a play off match (Final, the Eliminator, Qualifier 1 or Qualifier 2 matches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The team which, at the end of the relevant regular Season, finished in&#xA;  the higher position in the League table will be deemed the winner of&#xA;  the relevant play-off match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/about/2014/match-playing-conditions/26/law-21-the-result&quot;&gt;Law 21 - IPL Playing conditions.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-04-30T06:03:57.387" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T06:03:57.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4446" CreationDate="2014-04-30T08:16:47.870" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;With your action, go back to whatever feels natural.  Don't think about what your doing too much just bowl, you'll need to practice it for a while to get it consistent.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your run up, I'd experiment to find something that works for you.  You want to be comfortable and balanced when you reach the crease so try different lengths of run up until you find the one that suits you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, you have to find these things for yourself, other people can advise on how to find it or fine tune what you have but you should try and work your own basic action and run up out for yourself as this will help you throughout your cricket career.  Good Luck and have patience with the process!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T08:16:47.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4489" CreationDate="2014-04-30T09:26:52.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;West Indies, being a confederation of Carribean nations, obviously do not have a single national anthem. The West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) has instead adopted David Rudder's 'Rally Round the West Indies' as their anthem. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;David Rudder is one of the most successful Calypso artists in the region. His song 'Rally 'Round the West Indies' captures the feel and emotions of the region and hence seemed to be a good enough pick for the WICB. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T09:26:52.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4495" CreationDate="2014-04-30T09:35:41.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ripper&quot; has been an Australian term of delight (&quot;What a Ripper!&quot;; &quot;You little Ripper! &quot;; &quot;Let 'er Rip&quot;) for many years now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More analagous and quite common amongst country male folks :&#xA;&quot; You bloody ripper &quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Which literally means 'Bloody bottler, you little beauty, fantastic.. ' or 'rip-snorter'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that the cricketing usage of the term 'ripper' might have begun out as a term used to refer to an excellent spinner's delivery, a ball with big turn for a spin bowler, (especially a legspinner) who can use the whole action of the wrist to impart maximum revolutions on the ball. Shane Warne, consequently, bowls a lot of &quot;rippers&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over the ages, the term has gone onto a generalized form to now represent a really good delivery by a bowler that beats the batsman's defences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="3528" LastEditDate="2014-04-30T15:31:11.333" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T15:31:11.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4580" CreationDate="2014-04-30T18:24:42.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes your interpretation of the rules is correct. The commentators get real decisive one way or another. They will argue something and not always be right. They do it so people will watch them because they actually get into the game. I dislike the commentators that just say &quot;He shot the ball&quot; or &quot;Did you see that pass?&quot; And they have no real excitement behind it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3624" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T18:24:42.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-01T06:08:08.913" Score="3" ViewCount="1174" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is beamer counted as a bouncer in ODI cricket? I.e. if a bowler bowls a beamer then whether he is allowed to bowl a bouncer in that over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3627" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-01T06:29:12.147" LastActivityDate="2022-06-17T23:22:41.497" Title="Is beamer counted as a bouncer in ODI cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2525" CreationDate="2014-05-01T09:56:41.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indirect free kicks in the box were quite common at all levels of the game until about 20 years ago. It is nearly always for &quot;obstruction&quot;. The problem has been that players now deliberately obstruct, which can be seen as &quot;reckless or excessively forceful&quot;, hence a direct free kick/penalty.&#xA;Referees tend to see all obstructions now as deliberate, leading to far more penalties (or calls for penalties from attackers deliberately barging into defenders to try to &quot;win&quot; a penalty) being given.&#xA;With more games televised there are more controversies about the awarding of pens, especially in &quot;homer&quot; situations. &#xA;Unfortunately unless players begin to behave better (and stop cheating,) the obstruction rule will continue to lead to direct free kicks only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3628" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T09:56:41.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4594" CreationDate="2014-05-01T17:16:18.827" Score="5" ViewCount="1050" Body="&lt;p&gt;This refers to a bunt with the runner on third base. Why isn't a bunt referred to as a squeeze bunt with runners on other bases? Or is it a special type of bunt (e.g. toward the first base line) to maximize the chances of the runner getting from third to home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-01T18:14:18.773" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T18:20:41.420" Title="Why is a &quot;squeeze bunt&quot; referred to as such?" Tags="|baseball|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4593" CreationDate="2014-05-01T17:24:54.270" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is a “squeeze bunt” referred to as such? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although not explicitly stated, context could be used to gain insight on the coining of this phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An April 20, 1905 Chicago Tribune article stated: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/holmedu01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[Ducky] Holmes&lt;/a&gt; tried to 'squeeze' in the run which would have won the&#xA;  game with a bunt, but it went&#xA;  foul.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=ceeU7xSLw5kC&amp;amp;pg=PA818&amp;amp;lpg=PA818&amp;amp;dq=%22squeeze+play%22+etymology&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=7SRqHKQkM4&amp;amp;sig=qSrtXFnBuEqtFKHs_lt9yQ978ks&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=l4diU-ChHMed8gHLvIDoBg&amp;amp;ved=0CGsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22squeeze%20play%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first use of the term &quot;squeeze play&quot; can be found in the Chicago Tribune five days later when an article stated: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;[New York Highlanders] manager [Clark] Griffith says he has a new one&#xA;  called the 'squeeze play,' which is working&#xA;  wonders.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=ceeU7xSLw5kC&amp;amp;pg=PA818&amp;amp;lpg=PA818&amp;amp;dq=%22squeeze+play%22+etymology&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=7SRqHKQkM4&amp;amp;sig=qSrtXFnBuEqtFKHs_lt9yQ978ks&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=l4diU-ChHMed8gHLvIDoBg&amp;amp;ved=0CGsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22squeeze%20play%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=ceroqgsb8osC&amp;amp;pg=PA196&amp;amp;lpg=PA196&amp;amp;dq=george+case+dutch+carter+squeeze+play&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=RpG-EhJzFb&amp;amp;sig=f_CJVW5qFrn6aMxp4NJrZTG_LZc&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=VoViU8nfKarw8AGi2IHQAw&amp;amp;ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22squeeze%20play%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/griffcl01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Clark Griffith&lt;/a&gt; is credited with coining this phrase. He is also credited for inventing the play, although there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearly/yr1894n.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;other claims&lt;/a&gt; that the play has been invented by others and used before this 1905 instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why isn't a bunt referred to as a squeeze bunt with runners on other&#xA;  bases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the context of the phrase above, the term &quot;squeeze&quot; is used in relation to scoring a run. Thus, one would not be &quot;squeezing&quot; in a run if a bunt was used to advance base runners &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; on third base. A bunt with the intention of advancing a base runner (regardless of whether the batter gets on base or not) is known as a &quot;sacrifice bunt.&quot; A &quot;squeeze bunt&quot; is a type of &quot;sacrifice bunt.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or is it a special type of bunt (e.g. toward the first base line) to maximize the chances of the runner getting from third to home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the different types of squeeze bunts, the player has the discretion on whether to take his chances, before or during a bunt, to advance home. The placement of the bunt, although a significant factor, does not seem to define a &quot;squeeze bunt&quot; as such. A &quot;squeeze bunt&quot; is defined as such if the overall intention is to advance the base runner from third base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two different kinds of &quot;squeeze bunts&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Safety: The base runner on third base determines when and if to run based on where the ball is bunted. The main factor is the probability of the fielding team able to throw out the base runner at home plate, and this may be further determined by defensive fielding alignment (eg, are the infielders aligned closer to home plate than usual?).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suicide: The base runner on third base advances for home immediately after the pitch is thrown.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-01T18:20:41.420" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T18:20:41.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4595" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-02T03:30:02.140" Score="7" ViewCount="2145" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens in a scenario where the batsman plays a shot down the ground and it hits the umpire? Isn't it unfair to the batsman to lose a certain boundary had there been one? Does the ball count as a dead ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3634" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-05-02T14:35:50.450" LastActivityDate="2023-01-24T09:28:34.690" Title="Does a ball count if it hits an umpire?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4595" CreationDate="2014-05-02T04:31:39.493" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits an on field umpire, it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; considered a dead ball &lt;strong&gt;unless&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball lodges in the clothes of an umpire. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20170623182949/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.1.a.5&lt;/a&gt; at the time this question was written, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20.1.1.5&lt;/a&gt; as of 2023)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a serious injury to an umpire occurs (after the ball hits to an umpire) (Law 23.4.b.2 at the time, Law 20.4.2.2 as of 2023)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such cases, it will be a regular dead ball. i.e. the ball will be considered a legal ball but no more runs will be allowed to take to the batsman after that incident occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example case for such incident:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/AIib7_g9xOo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this YouTube clip&lt;/a&gt;. It occurred in the 1st ODI between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/nzvbdesh/engine/match/300426.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New Zealand and Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt; in Auckland in 26-Dec-2007. See the ball 44.5 in the commentary. The ball was considered a normal ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-24T09:28:34.690" LastActivityDate="2023-01-24T09:28:34.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4590" CreationDate="2014-05-02T14:41:11.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.  A beamer is an immediate no ball and does not count toward any part of the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This type of delivery can result in injuries to the batsman, and the&#xA;  penalty for this type of delivery is an immediate no-ball signal given&#xA;  by the umpire. The use of beamers is governed under Law 42.6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-03T03:51:44.123" LastActivityDate="2014-05-03T03:51:44.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24477" CreationDate="2014-05-03T07:05:23.373" Score="3" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surfing inside &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing#Surf_waves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a tube&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.surfoutlet.com/guides/how-to-tube-ride-in-surfing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;is surfing’s single greatest act; the supreme maneuver, the ultimate conquest.&lt;/a&gt;&quot; Can it be done using windsuring (= board with rig) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3635" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-03T07:41:39.973" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T00:03:38.550" Title="Is it possible to ride on windsurfing inside tube (tubular wave)?" Tags="|surfing|windsurfing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4570" CreationDate="2014-05-03T07:14:51.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The natural tendency of a batsman is to hit the ball on the leg side. This is because it is easier.&lt;br&gt;&#xA; It takes much more effort(on the wrists &amp;amp; arms) &amp;amp; skill(feet movement &amp;amp; body position) to play the ball on off side.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So, leg side hitting easier, off side hitting relatively difficult.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then comes the question of hitting with the spin &amp;amp; hitting against the spin.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hitting with the spin is easier because you already have the momentum of the ball going in the direction you are hitting &amp;amp; you can use the speed of the ball.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hitting against the spin is difficult because you have to change the momentum of the ball in opposite direction &amp;amp; generate your bat-speed to drive the ball past boundary.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So hitting against spin difficult. Hitting with the spin easier.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence slow left arm spinners are generally not used against left hand batsman because it would be &lt;strong&gt;easier to hit with the spin &amp;amp; on the leg side.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Both are easier as compared to hitting against the spin(ie square cut/cover drive) on the off side.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ulterior motive is also to get the batsman out through LBW which is easier for right arm off spinner against left handed batsman. But that depends on the skill &amp;amp; deception of the bowler&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2014-05-03T07:14:51.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4605" CreationDate="2014-05-03T17:44:25.317" Score="2" ViewCount="5915" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a recent NFL enthusiast and have just started following the games but some terminology still stumps me. I understand the draft process in general and know that every year each of the 32 teams get to pick new players over two days with 7 rounds given to each of them. So, when a player is said to be the “&lt;strong&gt;first overall pick for a season&lt;/strong&gt;, does it mean that he was the first one to be drafted by any team for that year? Or does it mean he was just picked in the first (of the seven rounds) round? If each team gets one pick (ideal circumstances), that would mean 32 picks per round. So could the player (said to be the first overall pick) have been picked in any order as long as it’s in the first round or does he have to strictly be the very first pick of the first round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3636" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-03T18:39:12.753" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T21:32:00.387" Title="What does it mean to say, “X was the Nth overall pick for this season”?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4604" CreationDate="2014-05-03T17:48:25.770" Score="3" ViewCount="2797" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it just another name for a running back or a wide receiver? It seems to me that it would be anyone who takes the pass from the QB and runs the ball which pretty much seems to be what the RB does. Is my understanding correct or is there more to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3636" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-04T16:41:38.080" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T00:39:21.193" Title="What is a pass rusher?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-05-03T18:35:43.893" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pass rusher is on the defensive side of the ball (usually a defensive end but can be a linebacker in some defensive schemes) and his primary responsibility is to rush, or pursue across the line of scrimmage, the quarterback in attempt to disrupt the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disrupting the play may be through sacking the quarterback, forcing the quarterback to hurry the throw, or forcing the quarterback to scramble. The less time the quarterback has to make a throw/play, the less likely it will be successful&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.profootballfocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PFFSigPUP.png&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information on the defensive rush can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_%28gridiron_football%29#Defense&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-03T18:50:48.737" LastActivityDate="2014-05-03T18:50:48.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4601" CreationDate="2014-05-03T18:46:28.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_NFL_Draft#Player_selections&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 NFL Draft&lt;/a&gt; for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So, when a player is said to be the “first overall pick for a season, does it mean that he was the first one to be drafted by any team for that year? Or does it mean he was just picked in the first (of the seven rounds) round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Houston Texans have the first pick in the first round, or the first overall pick. Thus, &lt;strong&gt;X will be the first overall pick for this [draft]&lt;/strong&gt; and he will go to the Houston Texans as the first pick in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Houston Texans have the first pick in the second round, or the 33rd overall pick. Thus, &lt;strong&gt;X will be the 33rd overall pick for this [draft]&lt;/strong&gt; and he will go to the Houston Texans as the first pick in the second round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The draft order does not change round by round, meaning if Houston has the first pick in the first round, they will have the first pick in each of the following rounds. However, a team may trade draft picks with another team for players or other draft picks of another team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If each team gets one pick (ideal circumstances), that would mean 32 picks per round&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_draft#Compensatory_picks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Compensatory selections&lt;/a&gt; are made starting at the end of the third round. Teams who gets these picks based on how they did during free agency (the # of players lost to free agency vs. the # of players signed from free agency).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So could the player (said to be the first overall pick) have been&#xA;  picked in any order as long as it’s in the first round or does he have&#xA;  to strictly be the very first pick of the first round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He doesn't have to strictly be the very first pick...nor second, nor third, nor fourth, nor fifth, nor sixth...nor seventh. He doesn't even have to be selected in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is based on team needs, personnel, and best available (determined by the NFL combine, pro days, and how his collegiate performance may translate into the NFL). &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000345921/article/mock-draft-60-fourround-2014-nfl-draft-projection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mock drafts&lt;/a&gt; attempt to predict this phenomenon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-03T19:18:56.207" LastActivityDate="2014-05-03T19:18:56.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2014-05-04T15:30:42.797" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The catcher is the one to make the call because the sign can be easily stolen if done by the pitcher directly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, the catcher also needs to give the sign to the pitcher to pick off any runners on base if any as the catcher is the only player that can see the entire infield and outfield. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This doesn't necessarily mean the catcher makes all the decision, before the games, they already discussed the pitch patterns and the pitcher can choose to reject the pitch by body signs so the catcher makes another sign. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3640" LastActivityDate="2014-05-04T15:30:42.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-05-04T21:17:17.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &quot;rusher&quot; is a running back from the offensive team who runs with, or &quot;rushes&quot; the ball, like you said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But a &quot;pass rusher&quot; is someone from the defensive team who is &quot;rushing&quot; (chasing) the &lt;strong&gt;quarterback,&lt;/strong&gt; who has elected to keep the ball for a (potential) pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This defender could be a lineman (end), linebacker, or even the &quot;free safety&quot; (from the backfield), who normally double covers the offensive team's best receiver, but was used instead in a &quot;blitz.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You appear to have been confused by the similarity of the two terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-05-04T21:17:17.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-04T21:29:37.950" Score="2" ViewCount="833" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kHh05.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Which is a correct and safe volley grip aka serving grip in Tennis? One where hand is clearly on the handle or the one where some fingers are resting on the handle? Images screenshot from the video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0uSVhqb1mU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I trained very intensive weeks tennis where my baby finger and ring finger got damaged/painful/non-flexible due to holding the racket so that only 3-4 fingers on the holding -- video about training &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x-XAtmPDNk&amp;amp;t=2m40s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; -- this was because I used more the grip where some fingers were not totally on the grip so strong swing put intensive stress to the baby finger and ringer finger. Initially, physiotherapist said that it is only tight muscles so 1 week's rest. Now I realise that my right-hand muscles are far stronger on my holding hand and that the tension is getting lower and morning hardness is becoming less. Yet the feeling in the serving hand is not the same as in the other hand, this may be a good (muscles/bones getting stronger used to playing tennis or I am using a wrong technique). Now I am uncertain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should I change my serving grip and my volley grip so that all of my fingers are on the handle of the racket (picture on the left) or half finger, one finger or 2 fingers over the handle (picture on the right)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2022-02-25T14:01:03.417" LastActivityDate="2022-02-25T14:01:03.417" Title="Safe volley grip and serving grip in Tennis?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|racket|grip|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4609" CreationDate="2014-05-04T23:10:38.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, I think the grip you use on any of your shots might be a little different depending on whether you're an advanced player or a beginning player. The &quot;choke up&quot; grip shown in that video on volleys looks fine and probably helps beginning tennis players have a more firm wrist (and therefore more racquet head stability) on their volleys. I don't use that grip myself though, and I hit my volleys just fine - but that has little to do with my grip - it has more to do with knowing how to split-step, keep a firm wrist, and keep my racquet head from dropping (also something touched on in that video). Basically I'm trying to say there's a lot more to hitting a volley than just the type of grip you use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think the choke up grip shown in the video is really good for serving. This is because when you serve, you want to get the maximum amount of reach/extension possible when making contact with the ball. The more you choke up on the handle, the less reach you will have and the tougher it will be to have net clearance on your serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as your hand/arm/finger soreness goes - that has nothing to do with your grip or volleying technique really. If you are new to tennis then your muscles will have to adjust but your technique would have to be pretty bad to be producing chronic muscle soreness for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also keep in mind that this kind of question is very difficult to answer without actually being out on a court hitting with you and seeing what you're doing first hand. Coaching a very technical sport tennis is virtually impossible only using videos and the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-05-04T23:10:38.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-05T00:56:46.163" Score="5" ViewCount="2108" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems like a lot of shots hit the crossbar in hockey. Is this just my mind playing tricks on me, or do more shots hit the crossbar than might be expected for a bar a few inches wide set above a goalie's shoulders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, &lt;strong&gt;what percent of shots hit the crossbar in the NHL?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And is it higher than would be expected?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;expected&quot; rate, I'd imagine, is the same rate as any other space on goal of equal size to the crossbar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T14:23:36.873" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T05:09:36.397" Title="What percent of shots on goal hit the crossbar in hockey?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4617" CreationDate="2014-05-05T07:05:24.953" Score="13" ViewCount="25645" Body="&lt;p&gt;What exactly is the difference between a medium fast bowler and a fast medium bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first they seem like they have no difference at all but then, you hear commentators and experts talk about a bowler and you suddenly feel like there is a difference. I know for sure that it is there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T22:48:26.193" LastActivityDate="2018-08-12T12:38:13.530" Title="Difference between medium fast and fast medium bowler?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4622" CreationDate="2014-05-05T09:07:44.137" Score="3" ViewCount="37724" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am really very confuse, How much to wait if  Match delayed from Rain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If rain delay game from first inning?&#xA;if rain delay game from second inning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the procedure 20/20 over, one day and test Matches? any rules for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us Assume:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if Team A scored: 181 all out(41.5 over), Now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team B played: Rain occurs at 121/3 (27.4 over). If rain Delayed from local time 4:12 PM. &#xA;How much time to wait if rain not stopped? Any idea??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T13:01:08.293" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T05:24:55.580" Title="How much time hold Cricket if Match delayed from Rain?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-05T18:03:43.940" Score="5" ViewCount="1303" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a diver, yet I always rent my wetsuits. I have been thinking of making an investment recently, but I haven't gotten around to it, as in Belgium you need some different thicknesses: 7mm (for sure, even two perhaps), 3mm for indoor and on trips, a warm undersuit for the body, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am living in San Sebastian for 2 months, and I would love to buy a triahlon swimsuit 2mm (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.decathlon.co.uk/thin-comp-id_8187837.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;like this one&lt;/a&gt;) or 3-4mm (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.decathlon.co.uk/speedo-12-16-wetsuit-id_8215814.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;like this one&lt;/a&gt;) to be able to go out for longer swims in the ocean. I can't swim with a diving suit I suppose, because of the inflexible arms, and I am considering doing triathlons for fun. Not sure which one would be confortable with water temps around 16 degrees C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would I also be able to wear the triathlon suit to go diving? Or do they have significant changes that I am not aware of? I guess they are less insolating around the flexible parts, would that be a problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3645" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T10:16:13.340" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T10:16:13.340" Title="Could I use a trialthlon swimming wetsuit for diving?" Tags="|equipment|triathlon|scuba-diving|water-sports|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4533" CreationDate="2014-05-05T18:18:54.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the picture, I immediately wonder: what is your hand doing behind your hips? Take note to touch your hips when you come up, not let it drop behind it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AQA-ofcdrU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; explains the important principles very well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forget about kicking. Propulsion, kicking harder, only transfers 3% of the energy expenditure (in the average swimmer)  into forward motion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;instead focus on hydrodynamics: allow your lower body to draft behind your upper body&#xA;-&gt; do this by maintaining a horizontal body position, by not swimming on top of the water -&gt; rotate from streamline right to left  (which is what you seem to be doing well)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IZAfM.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But notice the difference in hand position. One hand next to the hip. The other not to high up, put going down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of kicking, do a small flip when you are switching arms, the only goal is to help you flip sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3645" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T18:18:54.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4613" CreationDate="2014-05-05T20:16:25.020" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.talkcricket.co.uk/guides/types_of_fast_bowling.html&quot;&gt;http://www.talkcricket.co.uk/guides/types_of_fast_bowling.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Medium-Fast bowlers tend to be in the 120-129 km/h range. While Fast- Medium bowlers are in the 130-141 km/h range. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the differences tend vary from source to source, notably the website Espncricinfo uses the term interchangeably (Source: Wikipedia)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3383" LastEditorUserId="3383" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T04:21:34.097" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T04:21:34.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4618" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4620" CreationDate="2014-05-05T20:20:42.373" Score="6" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently took a Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test at a job interview. It consisted of logic, mathematics and grammar. The NFL uses this exam as a part of their draft analysis. I can understand why I was asked to complete the assessment for the sales position I applied for. I'm not certain how it applies as a predictor of a football player's success. When did the NFL implement this assessment and how is it used in the analysis of NFL talent? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3646" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T11:28:03.197" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T17:11:10.573" Title="When did the NFL start using the Wonderlic test and how is it applied to the draft process?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4618" CreationDate="2014-05-06T14:57:04.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NFL has used Wonderlic since 1968&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thats according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://msn.foxsports.com/southwest/story/inside-nfl-s-wonderlic-test-and-why-it-matters-041214&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fox&lt;/a&gt;. It's used to measure cognitive intelligence, I'm not an expert in NFL but quarterbacks are essentially the same as playmakers in football (soccer), some playmakers have even been described as quarterbacks. One of the most important attributes for a playmaker is the ability to read and analyse situations and make the best decision in a matter of seconds. The wonderlic test is designed to test these types of attributes so for certain positions it does make sense for teams to test these abilities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why would it not be &quot;relevant&quot; to explore a million-dollar employee's&#xA;  cognitive intelligence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think it is any definite measure of success though as some players do play purely from instinct, they may not be even able to describe how or why they make the right decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess for quarterbacks this test makes sense though as there are a lot of plays to understand and memorise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been a 2009 study by Brian D. Lyons, Brian J. Hoffman, and John W. Michel that found that Wonderlic scores failed to positively and significantly predict future NFL performance for any position (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderlic_Test&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Scoring too high can be as much of a problem as scoring too low.&#xA;  Football coaches want to command the locker room. Being smarter than&#xA;  the individual players makes that easier. Having a guy in the locker&#xA;  room who may be smarter than every member of the coaching staff can be&#xA;  viewed as a problem — or at a minimum as a threat to the egos of the&#xA;  men who hope to be able when necessary to outsmart the players,&#xA;  especially when trying in some way to manipulate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T15:04:11.433" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T15:04:11.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4618" CreationDate="2014-05-06T16:59:33.503" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When did the NFL implement this assessment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 1970s when Tom Landry, coach of the Dallas Cowboys, believed it could be used as a predictor of pro success&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl-mock-draft/2013/2/20/3989258/wonderlic-test-2013-nfl-scouting-combine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How is it used in the analysis of NFL talent/applied to the draft process?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used in analysis to measure aptitude. Some positions may evaluate its usefulness  (eg, a quarterback's ability to read defenses on the fly) more than others (eg, a cornerback reacting to a ball thrown or a receiver's movement).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, studies have shown that there is not a strong correlation between a player's Wonderlic score and his NFL performance&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderlic_Test#Predictor_of_success_in_the_NFL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.  In fact, they present a negative correlation for some positions. Thus, it can be surmised that other factors (team quality, player development, character, coaching, etc.) may have more significance on NFL performance than the Wonderlic score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For quarterbacks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/McNaDo00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Donovan&#xA;McNabb&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;scored a 14 on the Wonderlic and had a nine-year run with the Philadelphia Eagles in which he was&#xA;selected to the Pro Bowl six times and played in five NFC&#xA;Championship games. McNabb had &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Reid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Andy Reid&lt;/a&gt; as coach throughout his time in Philadelphia.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GabbBl00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Blaine Gabbert&lt;/a&gt; scored a 42 on the Wonderlic and is currently 5-22 as a starting quarterback. Gabbert had been coached by three different coaches during his three seasons with the Jacksonville Jaguars.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T17:11:10.573" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T17:11:10.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4621" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-06T17:28:34.060" Score="7" ViewCount="2714" Body="&lt;p&gt;My club play almost all of its matches in the morning, but in this time my body still feels kinda relaxed and I'm not mentally motivated or physically. Plus I can't sprint or accelerate as fast. When we play in the afternoon, it's a completely different story, where I run at defenders and they scream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone please help me to know what I can do in the morning to wake up and motivate myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3647" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T17:35:59.040" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T16:15:48.343" Title="I can't play my best/full in a football match in the morning" Tags="|football|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4614" CreationDate="2014-05-07T10:54:27.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws-in-action/law-3-in-action/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws: 3.8, 3.9&lt;/a&gt;, the match will be resumed if rain gets stopped within game time, light and weather conditions are good and ground and pitch get suitable to resume match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it depends on total time allocated for that single game. In a T20 match, time allocated for a single innings is usually 100 minutes and for ODI, time for a single innings allocated  is 3.5 hours. So, approximately 4 hours are usually allocated for a single T20 match and 8 hours for a single ODI match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If rain gets stopped within time, umpires check how much time for that game has been left (excluding drinks and innings breaks) and how much overs can be bowled in that time according to 14 overs per hour. The match would be then resumed according to revised reduced overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires apply &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dlmethod.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;D/L Method&lt;/a&gt; to update scores to compensate overs reduction whether its first innings or second innings of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If rain doesn't stop within game time then there are two cases; If rain interrupts in second innings of the match, then D/L method would declare winner of the match otherwise if rain interrupts the match before second innings gets started, then the match would be considered as draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="1924" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T05:24:55.580" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T05:24:55.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4621" CreationDate="2014-05-07T21:28:58.480" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to have the same problem doing another sport, swimming. I used to have competitions and trainings in the morning all the time, and for sports, it is not unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best routine to get yourself used to, as far as I'm concerned and what I learned through my 12 years of swimming:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, try to sleep early. You need to get at least 8 hours of sleep before a big game. In addition, it's always best to sleep extra early to plan to wake up at least 1-1.5 hours before you leave your house for the game. The human body is in a fragile state when you wake up in the morning, and the more time that passes by, the more that your body gets used to the environment around it. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also very important, have a big breakfast meal. As you may know, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Make sure to have a big breakfast that will give you energy for your game. Try to have with you at all time in addition a power bar that you can take about 30-45 minutes before the game. Drink lots and lots of water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, make sure you warm up correctly, and stretch before the game. As I said, your body is very fragile in the morning and since you'd been asleep for 8 hours or so, your body can't stand it if you make sudden movements all of a sudden after being idle for so long. So it's important to gradually prepare your body for the game through warming up and stretching, rather than warming up very fast 10 minutes before your game. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T21:28:58.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4609" CreationDate="2014-05-07T22:31:01.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I noticed one mistake in your serving, your back turns to the side of the field. I don't know a solution to this so moved it to a new question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7298/what-causes-the-imbalance-where-back-points-towards-the-side-after-serving&quot;&gt;What causes the imbalance where back points towards the side after serving?&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EOsb6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the grip, I think you are heading towards RSI due to using new muscles: forearms are rarely used by most people. This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HezgIS7S4ok&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; (around 2m30s) has excellent points about forearm training&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BVMuy.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/keWX9.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;by the tips here I have overcome my earlier problems below with tennis elbow, ulnar claw and pains on both sides of my forearms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/16392/preparing-fingers-for-intensive-sports-requiring-hands-a-lot&quot;&gt;Preparing fingers for intensive sports requiring hands a lot?&lt;/a&gt; where I solve the ulnar claw (nerve problem)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/16454/how-to-improve-baby-fingers-extension-and-flexion-how-to-relax-it-how-to-stre&quot;&gt;How to improve baby finger's extension and flexion? How to relax it? How to stretch it?&lt;/a&gt; where I solve the twisting muscle problem (totally new twisting muscle in use requiring some weight training to get to normal state)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I recommend after fixing the above problems and undergoing RSI rehabilitation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stretching of hands, forearms and arms&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;strength training for forearms/fingers/arms where training forearms are particularly important and easily overlooked (I really recommend the Mutant video and the twisting muscle movement told in the other thread -- hurray to painless training!)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T02:01:02.213" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-05-07T22:31:01.417" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4626" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4628" CreationDate="2014-05-08T03:55:14.880" Score="9" ViewCount="186269" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule defined by &lt;strong&gt;UEFA&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;FIFA&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If more teams have the same number of points in a league after the finishing game, what is the rule to declare a winner??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were there any rule updates by UEFA for this season (2013/14) or the upcoming season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found on the Premier League official website: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/fans/faqs/who-wins-league-if-teams-finish-on-same-points.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Who wins the League if teams have the same number of points?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the rule is defined by goal difference. Is it a new rule, or is it determined by &lt;strong&gt;head-to-head&lt;/strong&gt; then &lt;strong&gt;goal difference&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T22:04:15.127" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T20:20:08.697" Title="Who wins a league (EPL) if two teams have the same number of points?" Tags="|rules|football|ranking|english-premier-league|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-09-18T05:54:14.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4630" CreationDate="2014-05-08T06:08:25.520" Score="10" ViewCount="44862" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to create an approximate draw with the earning of the referee in the most important sports(Soccer/Basketball/Volleyball/Tennis/Cricket etc.)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T15:32:48.160" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T15:32:48.160" Title="How much does a referee/umpire earn in a year?" Tags="|officiating|international-sports|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4626" CreationDate="2014-05-08T06:59:54.363" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;If two or more teams end up with same points in points table, then team having more &lt;strong&gt;Goal Difference&lt;/strong&gt; i.e., &lt;strong&gt;Goals Scored minus Goals Against&lt;/strong&gt;, wins the title. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if &lt;strong&gt;Goal Differences&lt;/strong&gt; are also same for those teams, then team having more &lt;strong&gt;Goals Scored&lt;/strong&gt; would win the title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if &lt;strong&gt;Goals Scored&lt;/strong&gt; are also same for those teams, then all those teams on top having same points, same goal differences and goals scored would compete in a play-off match at a neutral ground. Note that, a play-off match is played only if there is a tie for championship, relegation, or qualification to other competitions. Otherwise tied teams are considered to occupy the same position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English Premier League Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;History:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011-12 EPL&lt;/a&gt;, Manchester City and Manchester United&lt;/strong&gt;: &#xA;Manchester City won the title by having +8 goal difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%E2%80%9389_in_English_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988-89 EPL&lt;/a&gt;, Arsenal and Liverpool&lt;/strong&gt;: &#xA;Arsenal won the league championship on goals-scored, after finishing level on points and goal-difference with Liverpool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T20:20:08.697" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T20:20:08.697" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4629" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-08T10:40:56.067" Score="6" ViewCount="40966" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've bought a new pair of Bauer Supreme 170 SR skates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to bake my skates but I'd want to check the time and temperature needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the skates didn't come with any instruction or manual, and I did some Google searching but didn't find anything, would someone here know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3652" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:48:57.977" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T12:53:10.573" Title="How do I bake my Bauer skates?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4627" CreationDate="2014-05-08T10:51:19.670" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referees and umpires get paid much differently depending on the sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the first example, let's take the most watched sport in the world: football (known to Americans as soccer). European soccer referees &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsmplug.com/football/average-salary-premier-league-referees/&quot;&gt;get paid&lt;/a&gt;, on average, about the equivalent of $120,000 a year (salary plus match fees). Of course, this depends on the quality of the referee, but it is quite apparent that this is nothing compared to soccer players (about a two weeks salary in average). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the most watched sport in the United States, American football, referees get paid much higher. For the 2013-2014 season, NFL referees &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/nfl-referee-salary/&quot;&gt;got paid&lt;/a&gt; on average $173,000 (an increase from $149,000 the preceding year). Of course, rookie (first year) referees make much less, and verteran referees can make up to $200,000 per season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, the idea is different. Umpires get paid by the match, since every tournament has a different level of importance (Grand Slams being the most important). The salaries also differ depending on the tournament. For the sake of simplicity, let's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/07/sports/tennis/many-top-tennis-umpires-skip-the-us-open.html&quot;&gt;compare&lt;/a&gt; the salaries of &quot;Gold Badge Umpires&quot; (the highest position for a tennis umpire), from the four grand slams.  A spreadsheet obtained by The New York Times showed that Wimbledon paid gold badge umpires £189, or about $306 daily. The French Open paid 190 euros (about $270), even for the tournament’s qualifying rounds, while the United States Open pays $185 a day for its qualifying rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the Australian Open, gold badge umpires earn about $383 for each main draw day, and they make overtime if they work more than 10 hours, a perk none of the other Grand Slam tournaments provide. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket umpires can make anything from $30,000 to $45,000 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsmplug.com/cricket/icc-elite-panel-umpires-salaries/&quot;&gt;annual salary&lt;/a&gt;. This is just the salary. Depending on the match, either a ODI (one day international) or a test match (which last considerably longer than ODI's), they also gain match day fees. For a test match, the fee is usually around $3,000 while a ODI can pay around $800-$1,000. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T10:51:19.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4627" CreationDate="2014-05-08T11:04:27.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/1786/fifa/2011/03/04/2379063/revealed-how-much-referees-are-paid-in-each-european-country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Goal.com&lt;/a&gt; had a table on how much refs get paid in the top leagues in Europe from around 2011.&#xA;How Much Officials Earn Per Domestic League Game (€)        &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England   1,170* (Referee)    375 (Referee Assistant)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain     6,000 (Referee)     2,000 (Referee Assistant)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germany   3,600  (Referee)    1,800 (Referee Assistant)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Italy     3,400   (Referee)   1,700 (Referee Assistant)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;France    2,751  (Referee)    -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Portugal  1,188 (Referee)     594 (Referee Assistant)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*EPL referees are paid a retainer of €38,500 per season which explains why their fee per game is lower than some of the other leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On average top tennis umpires can expect to earn £50-£60,000 per annum, but it takes a long time to get there! Most earn around £30,000. On average a line judge can expect to earn £20,000 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/get_involved/4541821.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBC Sport&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsmplug.com/cricket/icc-elite-panel-umpires-salaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cricket&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ELITE PANEL OF ICC UMPIRES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1   Aleem Dar (Umpire)         $45,000  (Basic Yearly Salary)           $3,000  (Test Match Fee)    $850 (ODI Match Fee)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2   Steve Davis (Umpire)           $45,000             $3,000       $1000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3   Tony Hill (Umpire)         $30,000             $3,000       $850&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4   Ian Gould (Umpire)         $45,000             $3,000       $1000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5   Rod Tucker (Umpire)        $45,000             $3,000       $1000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6   Marais Erasmus (Umpire)        $35,000             $3,000       $850&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7   Kumar Dharmasena (Umpire)      $30,000             $3,000       $850&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="1947" LastEditDate="2014-05-09T14:09:06.243" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T14:09:06.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4667" CreationDate="2014-05-08T20:22:15.420" Score="3" ViewCount="2274" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a general salary cap question. This can be for any league with a cap, but let's use the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything preventing an owner from paying a player with a hidden account or something? For example, if a player on the open market can make $10 million and the owner says to the player, &quot;Take $5 million as your official salary and I will give you $5 million in an offshore bank account.&quot; This saves the player money in taxes and in agent fees and it helps the team to be more competitive because it has more cap room than they normally would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything preventing this from happening? Obviously you'd want to limit it to a few star players so word doesn't really get around and you wouldn't want the official salary to be super low or it could be suspicious. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was just thinking about this because it seems like teams will do anything to get an advantage. We've seen with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_National_Football_League_videotaping_controversy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Spygate&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints_bounty_scandal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bountygate&lt;/a&gt;... this seems like an obvious one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3653" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T22:15:17.317" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T19:41:31.620" Title="Bypassing the salary cap through hidden accounts" Tags="|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4633" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-08T20:45:12.583" Score="1" ViewCount="2581" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you wear baseball keepers' protective gear under your clothing in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3654" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-09T05:34:19.363" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T11:05:16.210" Title="Is it permissible to wear body protection material or gear under the clothing when keeping wickets in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4601" CreationDate="2014-05-08T21:32:00.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are 32 teams and 7 draft rounds, there are 32*7 or 224 &lt;strong&gt;overall&lt;/strong&gt; picks. That is, picks 1-32 take plac3 in the first round, 33-64 in the second, 65-96 in the third, 97-128 in the fourth, 129-160 in the fifth, 161-192 in the sixth, and 193-224 in the seventh. The first &quot;overall&quot; pick is the first of 224, that is the first pick in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team's first round pick is likely to be better than the seventh round pick (barring &quot;surprises&quot; and &quot;latebloomers.&quot;) But within the first round, number 1 is likely to be way better than number 32. Which is why the team with the worst record from the previous year gets to pick first. Unless it has traded away its pick, or lost it to another team for signing away one of its free agents (not likely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T21:32:00.387" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4635" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-09T00:19:13.000" Score="5" ViewCount="45077" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the length and amount of each of the following's contract with TNT?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Charles Barkley&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kenny Smith&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ernie Johnson&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shaquille O'Neal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-09T13:00:00.853" LastActivityDate="2020-06-07T21:43:55.467" Title="How long and how much is each contract of the four main NBA on TNT hosts?" Tags="|trivia|nba|finances|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4638" CreationDate="2014-05-09T01:59:42.917" Score="3" ViewCount="2763" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it actually called a &lt;em&gt;goal&lt;/em&gt; or do they call it a &lt;em&gt;score&lt;/em&gt; and therefore shouting &quot;score!&quot; is like shouting &quot;goal!&quot; in football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or do they shout &quot;scores!&quot; as in &lt;em&gt;scores a goal/point&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is either acceptable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-20T13:27:56.787" LastActivityDate="2023-03-22T00:45:17.283" Title="Do Ice Hockey commentators say score or scores?" Tags="|terminology|ice-hockey|media|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4633" CreationDate="2014-05-09T05:27:08.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIK, yes it is allowed to wear baseball protective gear for cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are discussing about the protective gears under the clothes in baseball, ie, specifically about the leg-pads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z5J2u.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks more or less same as the cricket leg-pads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CeXUF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only the wicket-keeper and the fielders in short leg and silly point &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_cricket_and_baseball#Fielding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are allowed&lt;/a&gt; to use the leg-pads in cricket, but the leg-pads used by Wicket Keepers in cricket is slightly big and goofy than baseball leg-pads. Since the cricket ball is more hard than baseball. So, that type of pads are preferred  by cricketers. No rules were block them to wear baseball leg-pads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can see some of the cricketers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/426986.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;using baseball helmets&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/6202647.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in cricket&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XqnuU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T06:01:29.207" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T06:01:29.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4636" CreationDate="2014-05-09T07:33:24.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that when commentators shout &quot;score!&quot; when a player scores, it's more often than not preceded by &quot;he shoots&quot;. Therefore, what the commentators really say is: &quot;he shoots, he scores!&quot;. But they say it at a very rapid pace that to any regular audience, it might sound like just &quot;score!&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, goal and point in ice hockey are two different things. A goal is a point but a point is not neccessairly a goal. A point can mean either an assist or a goal. Therefore, a player's statistics, or his contribution to the team's goal tally, is measured most of the time by his point total. For example, a player can have 10 points in the season, which he scored 7 goals and has 3 assists for example. But in ice hockey, a player can still get an assist if he assists the assister (I hope this is clear). For example, when referring to basketball terms for example, an assist is the player who makes a direct pass to another player who scores a basket. In ice hockey, a player can get an assist if he passes the puck to another player who makes the assist, hence, resulting in a point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, a goal is still called a goal in ice hockey, but a point can mean either an assist or a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T07:33:24.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4639" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4640" CreationDate="2014-05-09T07:38:52.013" Score="4" ViewCount="2324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever I watch soccer games and see a team having a corner kick, the player taking the corner kick sometimes passes the ball to another teammate before attempting to cross the ball. But, more often than not, the ball either gets taken away, or the cross attempt is unsuccessful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand then is why doesn't the player taking the corner kick just cross the ball right away in the first place, rather than having to pass it to a teammate who eventually would like to cross the ball? It seems to make more sense to me that if a player is going to cross the ball anyway, they might as well do it from the first opportunity they get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T15:04:01.767" Title="Why do players tend to pass the ball when taking corner kicks in soccer (football)" Tags="|football|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4639" CreationDate="2014-05-09T09:26:36.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1800/what-percentage-of-football-goals-originate-from-corner-kicks&quot;&gt;% of goals scored from a corner&lt;/a&gt; is quite low, in 2012-2013 in the premiership it was just over 13%. Here is a good &lt;a href=&quot;http://thewashbag.com/2012/04/26/taking-the-long-view-on-short-corners/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on why Swindon (considered to be proficient at short corners) use the short corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the reasons why they use them is to make the corner routine unpredictable, Barca sometimes do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Corners are clearly tricky to convert into goals – the evidence is&#xA;clear – so the need is for something different, and that is precisely&#xA;what short-corners provide. They stop the opposition relying on the&#xA;same tactics, the same positioning and the same scouting reports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the fans’ opinion on the use of short corners, it is the&#xA;variety that they give which allows any corner to work – short or&#xA;long. Like the spin bowler who occasionally delivers one that doesn’t&#xA;turn, short corners make the more obvious, more direct deliveries&#xA;dangerous. Short corners draw markers out of the box while longer&#xA;crosses drive defenders back leaving space for the short corner; it’s&#xA;set piece tug of way, pulling the opposition this way then that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason why Barca use this tactic is to keep possession, if the team is not good at corners or unlikely to score against a team who is good at defending corners then it could be wise to keep possession and try work the ball in the box or try a different angle of attack. Defending teams also have the upper hand on corners because they are allowed to get away with so much fouling etc in the box, the fact that keepers are so well protected by refs and the mix of zonal and man marking from corners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically some teams use short corners to try and confuse the defending team who may have been drilled to defend against a certain type of delivery that the attacking team has used in the past, however corners don't tend to lead to a large number of goals unless you've got someone like Drogba attacking the near post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1947" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T10:45:19.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4696" CreationDate="2014-05-09T09:49:56.960" Score="2" ViewCount="4447" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google all around the web and cant find exact information, it only says the second model is more lightweight, but no precise grams or oz's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3656" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T06:23:13.067" Title="What is the weight difference between ASICS GEL-KAYANO 20 and ASICS GEL-KAYANO 20 LITE-SHOW?" Tags="|equipment|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:29:58.233" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4635" CreationDate="2014-05-09T13:25:42.220" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is taken from various websites, so anyone is free to correct me if I'm wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Charles Barkley: $1 million/year and has been with TNT for 13 years and his contract is due to expire in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kenny Smith: $1 million/year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ernie Johnson (host): $2.7 million/year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shaquille O'Neal: $1 million/year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/nba/story/2012-11-05/charles-barkley-tnt-contract-inside-the-nba-open-court-shaquille-oneal-chris-web&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Charles Barkley&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_ernie_Johnson_make_as_a_tnt_analyst&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Contracts&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insidehoops.com/blog/?p=580&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Extention&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T13:25:42.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4643" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-09T22:08:13.457" Score="2" ViewCount="4146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at this soccer match page: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnfc.com/en/report/233737/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;amp;cc=null&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espnfc.com/en/report/233737/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;amp;cc=null&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The score format says, &quot;(2) 3 - 2 (3)&quot;. What do the brackets mean? The article also says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After 90 minutes Sevilla led 3-2 to cancel out the first-leg deficit&#xA;  and make the score 5-5 on aggregate and with no goals in extra-time,&#xA;  it was left to visiting goalkeeper Volkan, who saved from Julien&#xA;  Escude, Ivica Dragutinovic and Dani Alves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do they mean by &quot;first-leg deficit&quot; and &quot;score 5-5 on aggregate&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3550" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T13:22:49.490" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T13:22:49.490" Title="What does this scoring format mean?" Tags="|football|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4643" CreationDate="2014-05-09T22:27:37.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Champions League uses a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-legged_tie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;two-legged tie format&lt;/a&gt;: the teams play a match at each home stadium and the overall winner advances. This (nearly) eliminates the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_advantage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;home-field effect&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this match, Fenerbahçe had &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fenerbahce.org/eng/detay.asp?ContentID=1694&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;won its home leg by a score of 3-2&lt;/a&gt;, so Sevilla needed to win 3-2 to tie the aggregate score at 5-5 and send the match to a shootout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T22:27:37.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4632" CreationDate="2014-05-10T01:56:56.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't speak specifically for the NFL, but this does actually happen regularly in a lot of leagues. Since the 2000s, Carlton and Adelaide in the AFL, as well as Melbourne Storm in the NRL, have both been punished for salary cap cheating in this form. The main thing stopping it is the punishment (Melbourne Storm were retroactively stripped of all of their premierships in that period and fined millions of dollars), which often far outweighs any advantages. For instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club_salary_cap_breach&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Carlton were fined nearly a million dollars and stripped of all of their draft picks for two years&lt;/a&gt;, and then proceeded to be the worst team in the competition for most of that decade. The Adelaide Crows were fined nearly half a million dollars, were also stripped of two years of draft picks, lost arguably their best player in a trade to another team without receiving the compensation they otherwise would have, and had a number of players leave in quick succession, possibly due to the scandal. They went from being one of the best teams in the competition in 2012 to being a laughing stock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Melbourne Storm, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Storm_salary_cap_breach&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the most infamous salary cap breach in Australian sporting history&lt;/a&gt;, had paid roughly $1,000,000 a year to their players outside of the cap, with &quot;off the books&quot; things like payments into offshore accounts, $20,000 gift cards, and boats. They were fined millions, had two of their premierships (and three minor premierships) removed, and were also stripped of their World Club Challenge champions title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, yes, rorting the salary cap is very easy, and many people and many teams have done it. The thing stopping it from become extraordinarily common is that a sports club has so much scrutiny under it, and so many people who need to be kept quiet, and in the end, the punishment if you get caught means that it just isn't worth it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T01:56:56.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4646" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-10T11:45:49.013" Score="3" ViewCount="47463" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nJ8cO.png&quot; alt=&quot;Original image&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out the rules and any online explanations of scorecards don't match up with the abbreviated TV graphics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3658" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T13:23:07.657" LastActivityDate="2022-05-08T09:09:43.747" Title="What does each part of this scorecard represent in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4646" CreationDate="2014-05-10T14:00:24.613" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've captioned each part of the scoreboard for you, below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cA3SV.png&quot; alt=&quot;Original image with explanation of each scoreboard part.&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T14:00:24.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4646" CreationDate="2014-05-10T17:06:45.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer posted above is good for the scorecard. There is also another scorecard that is a &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sjfsp.gif&quot; alt=&quot;global view&quot;&gt; of the current score, plus other information, in a current game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very quickly, balls, strikes and outs are self explanatory. The image you see under the box &quot;field&quot; suggests the runners currently on the bases (in yellow). In the picture for example, there are runners currently on first and second base (first, second and third bases are counter clockwise in that order). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you have the runs scored per inning (up to 9 innings) unless there are extra innings in which it will go on to 10+ innings. Runs is the current score. Hits is the amount of hits each team has gotten, and err is the amount of errors the fielding team has committed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball games though, the runs, hits, and error category is usually abbreviated by R, H, E respectively.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T17:06:45.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4650" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-11T06:08:16.347" Score="1" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to rank NBA teams in each season by some sort of metric, and I'm not sure if something like this exists already or not. It would be better if it was a metric that can tell me how good an NBA team is before the start of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3550" LastEditorUserId="3550" LastEditDate="2014-05-11T17:42:58.283" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T10:51:55.700" Title="Is there a way that I can rank NBA teams in each season?" Tags="|basketball|nba|ranking|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4650" CreationDate="2014-05-11T10:24:44.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very easy, and direct way to rank the NBA teams, is by their record. So a team that has won for example 50 games in the season, and lost 32 (a total of 82 games in the season), would have a 50-32 record, as they call it. This team, even if in a difference conference, would be better than a team with let's say, a 40-42 record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, however, the above method only takes into account the regular season, and doesn't mention anything about the post season (i.e, the playoffs). Therefore, if for example both the 50-32 and the 40-42 teams do make it to the playoffs, and the latter beats the former, then obviously the 40-42 should be ranked higher than the 50-32, even if they had a lower winning percentage than them during the regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to keep in mind is that there is a difference, albeit slight, between the two conferences (the East and West), especially this year. The West, based on winning percentages of the teams, was considerably stronger than the East for this season's NBA. Therefore, it might be something to take into account because Eastern conference teams play each other more often than they play Western division teams for example. Some might say then that the Indiana Pacers or Miami Heat for example, who ranked 1 and 2 respectively in the regular season, might have had an &quot;easier schedule&quot; than the San Antonio Spurs who finished first in the Western conference, even as they had a better winning percentage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, winning percentages (i.e a teams' record) usually is what determines a teams rank overall in the NBA, but something that might be taken account, as mentioned, is how far a team advances into the playoffs, or which conference it stands in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2014-05-11T10:24:44.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4652" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4658" CreationDate="2014-05-11T18:15:04.740" Score="2" ViewCount="2129" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a ball is outside the wide line on the off side or outside the leg stump on the leg side of the batsman, it is given as a wide ball. But now-a-days (especially in T20 matches), if the ball is inside the batsman's reach even if the ball is outside the wide line on the off side or ouside the leg stump on the leg side is not given as a wide ball by the umpires. Why is it so that the wide ball rule is being neglected by umpires? WHAT'S A PROPER WIDE BALL DEFINITION?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T01:12:54.767" Title="Wide Ball rule being neglected" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4643" CreationDate="2014-05-11T19:35:28.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two things to consider here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. The two-legged tie format&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Knockout phase&#xA;  From the last 16 until the semi-finals, clubs play two matches against each other on a home-and-away basis with the same rules as the qualifying and play-off rounds applied. In the last 16, group winners play runners-up other than teams from their own pool or nation, while from the quarter-finals on the draw is free.    (source: uefa.com)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the two teams face eachother twice; once at home, and once away. There are several reasons use this format, among them the fact that it's more fair and that it's economically beneficial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. The away goal rule&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though it didn't come into play in this particular example, the &quot;away goal rule&quot; is still very important, especially when considering the term &quot;aggregate score&quot;. The &lt;em&gt;aggregate score&lt;/em&gt; is the &quot;total score&quot; over the two games - and also the main way of determining the winner of the two-legged tie. In this case, the aggregate score was 5-5, as both teams had won with 3-2 at their respective home stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the aggregate score is a tie, one team can still be declared the winner - due to the &lt;em&gt;away goal rule&lt;/em&gt;. Let us say that the 2nd game (in Sevilla) had ended 2-1 (instead of 3-2). The aggregate score would then have been 4-4, but Sevilla would have been declared the winner. This is because Sevilla scored 2 goals away, while Fenerbahce only scored one. Thus, the only way a game in the Champions League can go to extra time and penalties, is if both legs end the same way - as the game between Sevilla and Fenerbahce did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For further reading, take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/94/62/34/1946234_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Champions League regulations&lt;/a&gt;, and in particular articles 7-8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-05-11T19:35:28.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4655" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4657" CreationDate="2014-05-11T20:49:01.303" Score="14" ViewCount="42480" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the ball is on the ground and goalkeeper has put a hand on top of the ball, can the attacker hit the ball away from under the goalkeeper's hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper just got to the ball. They aren't actually holding the ball in their hand, but rather it is on the ground and they are touching it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3660" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-10-25T04:16:46.623" LastActivityDate="2017-10-25T04:16:46.623" Title="Can you hit a football when the goalkeeper is touching it?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4655" CreationDate="2014-05-12T00:44:45.287" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some referees call it a foul some do not. It depends if they have possession of the ball. Today, when playing someone got fouled when the keeper had one hand on the ball. Depends on referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3289" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T00:44:45.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4655" CreationDate="2014-05-12T00:47:00.323" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB's Law on indirect free kick offences&lt;/a&gt; says that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[a] goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball is between the hands or between the hand and any surface (e.g. ground, own body) or by touching it with any part of the hands or arms except if the ball rebounds accidentally from the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper has made a save&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation described in the question, the goalkeeper is deemed to be in control of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The attacker would be committing a foul, since according to the same Law,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[a] goalkeeper cannot be challenged by an opponent when in control of the ball with the hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="463" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-10-15T21:52:45.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4652" CreationDate="2014-05-12T01:03:25.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition of a wide ball is in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 25&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The law makes &lt;strong&gt;no mention of a wide line or the leg stump&lt;/strong&gt; - the key definition of which is the statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball will be considered as passing wide of the striker unless it is sufficiently within his reach for him to be able to hit it with his bat by means of a normal cricket stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the umpires are not neglecting the wide ball law, they are merely enforcing it as written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally the laws do not appear to have a definition for wide line in Law 7 (The Pitch) or Law 9 (The Bowling, Popping and Return Creases). You might be thinking of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crease_%28cricket%29#Return_crease&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Return Crease&lt;/a&gt; which is used to determine whether a bowler balls a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="145" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T01:12:54.767" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T01:12:54.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4660" CreationDate="2014-05-12T03:36:38.373" Score="4" ViewCount="5545" Body="&lt;p&gt;Or something that sounds like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A side has retained control of the ball after a ruck, and the ball is just laying there on the ground and the player is hunched over with his hands on the ball waiting until people get in place.  The referee yells what sounds like “&lt;strong&gt;Use-Its&lt;/strong&gt;”.  I occasionally hear this, and I heard it three times in a row last match I watched.  What is he saying?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;Super Rugby: Hurricanes vs. Highlanders (5/212014 – Round 6 - Forsyth Barr Stadium, Dunedin NZ) &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYlhEzsPcbU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYlhEzsPcbU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T15:01:29.590" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T15:01:29.590" Title="Rugby Union referee yells something like, ~“Use-Its”~?" Tags="|officiating|terminology|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4659" CreationDate="2014-05-12T05:26:35.427" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee is shouting 'Use It'.  He is asking the team with possession of the ball to use the ball, and (in most cases) warning that if they do not, they will lose possession of it to the other team. Some referees even say 'Use it or lose it'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the established laws of the game you most often hear this when the ball is in a maul that is no longer moving forward.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?law=17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 17.6&lt;/a&gt; calls this an unsuccessful end of a maul - if the ball stops moving forward for 5 seconds, a scrum is called and the defending team get the put in.  The referee is warning the attacking team that they are about to lose possession and they should do something with the ball - either continue moving the maul forwards, or pass the ball out of the maul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until recently you didn't often hear 'use it' in other situations.  In a ruck there is not this 5 second law. If the attacking team keep the ball from emerging (i.e. keep it under the feet of people in the ruck), they can keep the ball in that position for many seconds while they organize their next attack, or just to slow the game down.  The referee can deem too much time to have passed for the ball to emerge and call a scrum, but according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?law=16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 16.7&lt;/a&gt; the referee can allow a 'reasonable amount of time'.  Also in a ruck if there is no obvious 'team moving forward' then the attacking team keeps the put-in so the 'lost it' part is not the case there.  It probably does get called in deliberately slow rucks, but its usually advantageous to the attacking team to quickly recycle the ball and continue to attack, so having to warn the attacking team probably doesn't happen as often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As pointed out by @Rawling, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?domain=11&amp;amp;amendment=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law Amendment Trials&lt;/a&gt; include proposed law changes that enforce specific behavior at the ruck - when the ball is available to a team to use, the referee will call 'Use It' after which they have 5 seconds to pick the ball up and use it.  These are currently being trialled, but I'm not sure which competitions are using them - I've only recently watched the Six Nations, and I don't recall seeing this. Looking at the clip provided of the match - Hurricanes v Highlanders - it certainly appears that this game was using amended laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However even under existing non-amended laws where this call is not a formal part of the game, it is still a very common convention used by referees to prevent unnecessary stoppages for scrums - to encourage exciting continuous play in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="145" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T03:36:43.097" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T03:36:43.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4662" CreationDate="2014-05-12T09:02:10.477" Score="7" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is something that's been bothering me for a while. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We play volleyball socially and the team is mixed gender, aged 20 - 50+, mixed level (from complete beginners to two advanced players who join us occasionally).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been playing for almost two years now. I would rate myself above beginner level. But because of weight-lifting and martial arts, I have developed strong arms and can deliver the fastest serves in the team (although my spikes are weak due to bad technique, working on that). But I cannot do jump serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have played against some professional players, and we got some easy points from my serves. &#xA;Again, I'm not trying to show off or anything, I just want to know if I'm doing something wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: is it ethical to serve really hard? Is there unwritten or maybe written rule? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do serve weaker and higher when I target a beginner in the opposite team to avoid injuries. (but that's something we were debating as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3663" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:19:27.097" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:19:27.097" Title="Is it ethical to serve really hard?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|etiquette|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4661" CreationDate="2014-05-12T12:25:56.247" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's not going to be anything really governing 'serving hard' as ethical or not ethical. I played volleyball for 6 years, so I eventually had a pretty good serve as well. In PE class, or at parties (4th of July, etc.) that tend to have a volleyball net up, I would rather do &lt;em&gt;Float Serves&lt;/em&gt; instead of just a power serve/ jump serve. It's less cocky looking, and when done right can really mess with your opponent a lot more than a brute force serve -- think of what it looks like when a knuckleball pitcher fools the batter. Not many people in PE classes or Parties have played volleyball a lot, but rarely you can identify your &quot;rival&quot; (someone else who plays volleyball :P), and you and that person can set up the teams so you serve to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus, people who don't know how to properly bump the ball will start to get really painful forearms: redness and sore arms - which is kind of mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, underhand serve, or overhand bloop serve it to people who:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have never played before, or played very little&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Younger players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are playing against anyone experienced, there is never anything wrong with serving it hard at them, they should expect it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long answer, short:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing wrong with serving hard to experienced players, if they are new or young, serve lighter as a good sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T14:52:21.963" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T14:52:21.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4650" CreationDate="2014-05-12T19:16:55.483" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketball, like many other sports (e.g. Baseball) is starting to lean toward statistical analysis to judge efficiency and overall success from not just an individual players standpoint but also from a lineup and team performance basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Former ESPN analyst and current front office personnel man for the Memphis Grizzlies Greg Hollinger created a power ranking system (which can still be seen via espn.com, although you might need an paid insider pass to gain access) in which scoring margin (or average margin of victory) plays a heavy role in determining which team is better than the other.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this is not an official science, Mr. Hollinger's rankings are commonly accepted by a lot of his former analyst counterparts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3665" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-12-09T10:51:55.700" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T10:51:55.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4665" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4666" CreationDate="2014-05-12T19:24:06.620" Score="6" ViewCount="34212" Body="&lt;p&gt;What separates a &quot;friendly match&quot; from any other football match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3665" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:06:46.980" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T13:11:29.860" Title="What is the difference between a &quot;friendly&quot; and regular match in football?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4665" CreationDate="2014-05-12T19:37:05.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, a friendly match means a game outside a tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in many other sports, this kind of game is usually used as a test for both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, in this kind of game, although the same rule book is used, sometimes there are a relaxations in some rules, like number of substitutions. Usually, teams play in a relaxed way and the referees don´t show as many yellow and red cards as they would in normal games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some games, like the ones that are the last one for a player, includes several more relaxed rules, like the player playing for both teams, or an unlimited number of substitutions. The last one is usually not called a friendly match but rather a tribute match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:11:29.860" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T13:11:29.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4632" CreationDate="2014-05-12T19:41:31.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While this is pretty hard to do, there has been speculation of this occurring recently with the signing last summer of Andre Kirilenko to the Brooklyn Nets.  For those who are not aware of the story this speculation started when Kirilenko elected to opt-out of the last year of his contract ($10MM) with the Minnesota Timber-Wolves to take a much smaller salary (~$2MM range) with the Russian Billionaire (Mikhail Prokhorov) owned Nets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many felt that because Kirilinko and Prokhorov are from the same country, and because Kirilinko willingly walked away from $7M+ this year, there must have been an under-the table deal in which Prokhorov paid him some other way.  However, no one to date has been able to prove that anything of the kind actually occured.  Rather, what is probably more likely that Kirilieko either A. over-valued his worth on the free market or at this stage of his carrier and was forced to take a cut after making a mistake in opting out of his contract to test the market, or B. (my personal opinion) that he had made plenty of money with his carrier thus far and that at this stage he was willing to take a pay cut to be on a team that had a chance of winning an NBA Championship.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still food for thought. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3665" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T19:41:31.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4668" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-12T19:57:43.127" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many people go to games and manually keep track of the runs, hits, errors?  Does this come from years of tradition from times when scoreboards were not around at the park?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3665" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-07-25T03:54:16.713" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T03:54:16.713" Title="Where does the fan keeping score tradition in baseball come from?" Tags="|trivia|baseball|history|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4665" CreationDate="2014-05-12T21:42:59.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &quot;friendly&quot; (or exhibition game) is basically the term for all games that are not competitive fixtures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Friendlies are most common in pre-season, as sort of a training to find &quot;the form&quot; and raise the tempo. Also, they're often used by coaches to experiment with tactics and try out new players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some leagues, where there's a mid-season break, friendlies are used by most teams to get in shape for the second half of the season. They may also be played at the end of the season, if a team has a couple of weeks off before a tournament or such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International friendlies are also played. For national teams, these are perhaps even more important than for the clubs,  as they don't play the same number of matches together over the course of a season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T21:42:59.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4670" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-12T23:10:14.830" Score="4" ViewCount="3453" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spin is highly important in professional ball games such as tennis, football (soccer) and basketball. In order to shoot with spin in tennis, you need to have enough flexible hands/arms and learn the proper technique. Spin also helps to score in basketball because side-spinned balls turn more easily to the goal. In football (soccer), spinned shots are highly unpredictable for the goalkeeper and defence, making scoring more probable with the surprise element. Golf balls can travel father away due to spin. Spins are everywhere and its understanding can be a real advantage!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The importance of spin in ball games make me wonder whether spin is also used in ice hockey or could it be used? I feel topspin and backspin are very rare in hockey. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How is spin done in ice hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What kind of spins are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Side-spins? And when are they used? Do they deflect the puck in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T20:53:12.430" Title="Spin in Ice Hockey Shots?" Tags="|technique|ice-hockey|spin|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-13T03:46:28.613" Score="-3" ViewCount="14735" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the formula for determining it myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3666" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T12:20:11.633" Title="What is the average ice time for an NHL player?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-05-13T13:05:01.843" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4302" CreationDate="2014-05-13T07:56:22.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The movement of the ball in the air is called swing bowling. It can be assisted by weather conditions, if wind is flowing perpendicular to the pitch then in that case swing bowling is quite dangerous&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Seam bowling is the movement of the ball after pitching on the ground (in or out)mostly depend upon the pitch condition ,but  wind also play an important role as if wind is flowing parallel to the pitch it will vary the bounce of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3667" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T07:56:22.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4671" CreationDate="2014-05-13T08:17:09.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The time on ice for a player per game really determines on the player's level. Just like in any sport, the more a player is skilled, the more time he plays. In hockey, the issue is no different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, out of the 60 minutes, average players get around 22-24 minuets per game while the best usually go for 28-30 minutes. In fact, the minutes per ice per game leader of the 13/14 regular season, Ryan Suter, went for just under 30 minutes per game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nhl/statistics/player/_/stat/timeonice/sort/avgTimeOnIce/seasontype/2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastEditorUserId="3651" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T12:20:11.633" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T12:20:11.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4674" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-13T12:55:18.200" Score="6" ViewCount="5056" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose A plays the ball and doesn't run out of his crease, but B runs and reaches A's crease and then the ball hits the stumps at B's crease.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is considered out or can either one sacrifice his wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3670" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-14T10:54:57.857" LastActivityDate="2021-06-15T15:12:29.550" Title="Run out rules in cricket if one player doesn't run" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4674" CreationDate="2014-05-13T13:01:51.613" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If player A doesn't leave his ground (crease), then Player B is out. If both player has left the crease, then any player arriving at any crease earlier than other player is safe..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:01:51.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4676" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4677" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" Score="0" Body="Questions about the application of spin, or a form of angular momentum, in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T13:11:47.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4665" CreationDate="2014-05-13T21:37:55.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you're calling regular games are actually tournament or league games. Club soccer teams compete in leagues/tournament (like British Premier League, FA Cup, LaLiga and Champion's League), and national teams compete in tournament such as the world cup, UEFA Euro, or the preliminaries to advance to such competitions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The games that the teams play to get ready for such games are called friendlies. They are meant to prepare teams for important games described above usually immediately before major competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, almost all rules apply to both types of matches. Few differences exist however. In major cups/leagues you're only allowed to have 3 substitutions, but the limit is higher for friendlies (there used to be no limit), and some other differences in regulation when it comes to having advertisement on the jerseys(at least until a couple of years ago). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T21:37:55.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4099" CreationDate="2014-05-13T22:42:04.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bottom driver is like the suspension for the sled, resulting in a smoother travel. And yes, the handles for the bottom athlete are significant too. The top  man who sees the track signals the man in bottom (mostly using head movement) to help steer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read this article for more info: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slate.com/blogs/five_ring_circus/2014/02/13/doubles_luge_sochi_games_2014_what_do_the_two_men_do_in_two_man_luge.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.slate.com/blogs/five_ring_circus/2014/02/13/doubles_luge_sochi_games_2014_what_do_the_two_men_do_in_two_man_luge.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T22:42:04.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4674" CreationDate="2014-05-14T03:17:52.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the Batsmen have crossed in running, he who runs for the wick- et which is put down shall be out; if they have not crossed, he who has left the wicket which is put down shall be out. If a Batsman remains in his ground or returns to his ground and the other Batsman joins him there, the latter shall be out if his wicket is put down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/LAWS/1980_CODE/LAW_38_RUN_OUT.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/LAWS/1980_CODE/LAW_38_RUN_OUT.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T03:17:52.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4668" CreationDate="2014-05-14T04:09:03.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One could say this is based on tradition, but there is more to it than this. Most people who keep track of the score, write down a lot more information about the game; and not just the number of the runs scored. This way they can have a detailed data about things such as types of pitches and stolen bases during the game. Otherwise you would need to wait for the game to finish and then check for the stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also helps you to focus more on the game, and you will also be able to look at the data for a game that you have attended any time you want (having a database of your own), or checking for players stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T04:09:03.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4684" CreationDate="2014-05-14T08:44:26.993" Score="7" ViewCount="7308" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know, if a player takes wicket, scores runs etc. in IPL (Indian Premier League), will it be counted by &lt;strong&gt;ICC&lt;/strong&gt; (In their record/history)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T06:23:58.417" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T06:23:58.417" Title="Does the activity in IPL count by ICC?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|icc|records|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4674" CreationDate="2014-05-14T09:12:29.993" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If A player doesn't run then the player &lt;strong&gt;B (which reach at A's crease) declared as out&lt;/strong&gt; in your case &lt;strong&gt;because&lt;/strong&gt; player A doesn't left his crease. But if the ball hits the stumps at A's crease then no one considered as out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this is helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T09:12:29.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4682" CreationDate="2014-05-14T10:46:27.287" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The International Cricket Council (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cricket_Council&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC&lt;/a&gt;) is the international governing body of cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPL is one of the domestic cricket competitions held &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_domestic_Twenty20_cricket_competitions#India&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in India&lt;/a&gt;. It's not an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;international T20&lt;/a&gt; cricket series. The performances(runs scored, wickets taken etc) will not be counted for any &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/lg-icc-awards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC awards&lt;/a&gt; or for any &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC rankings&lt;/a&gt;. But those IPL stats will be added to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?class=6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Twenty 20 career&lt;/a&gt; of the cricket players but not to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?class=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Twenty 20 internationals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only IPL, all the domestic as well as international T20 activities will be added to the Twenty 20 career of respective players. For example, if you see the runs scored by &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284267.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris Gayle&lt;/a&gt; in Twenty 20 matches, it will include the runs that he scored for West Indies and for other domestic teams like Jamaica Tallawahs, Kolkata Knight Riders, Royal Challengers Bangalore etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also refer &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1785/career-of-a-cricketer&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; about the difference between Twenty 20 and T20I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T10:46:27.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4688" CreationDate="2014-05-14T13:56:03.713" Score="3" ViewCount="2435" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know Who bowled the first &lt;strong&gt;Maiden Over&lt;/strong&gt; in T20 (Twenty over match) cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-14T13:56:48.957" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T18:37:52.107" Title="First Maiden Over in T20 Cricket" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4687" CreationDate="2014-05-14T14:11:59.123" Score="3" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;When can a test-Match results in &lt;strong&gt;tie&lt;/strong&gt; (not-draw)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the factors affecting to such result to be declared?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T11:17:51.880" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T11:17:51.880" Title="In which condition the Test-match declared TIE?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4686" CreationDate="2014-05-14T14:32:10.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A test match can only be declared as a tie when the innings second&#xA;  batting team bowled out(losing all the wickets or no batsmen available&#xA;  to bat due to injury) for the second time, with scores level.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tied_Test&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the second batting captain declares the innings after the score gets level, then the match will get tie. But,this will not happen forever in an international cricket match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the other factors will affect the result to be declared as tie. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the history of cricket, only two test matches got tied. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One was between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62888.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Australia and West Indies&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And the other was between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63438.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Australia and India&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T14:32:10.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4685" CreationDate="2014-05-14T14:59:57.490" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first ever maiden over of T20I was bowled by Mohammad Asif at the eighth T20I match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/engvpak/engine/match/225263.html?bowler=19627;innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;double wicket maiden over&lt;/a&gt; with a leg-bye run which may not considered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2786/does-the-maiden-over-includes-extras&quot;&gt;a maiden over&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T14:59:57.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3704" CreationDate="2014-05-14T16:26:41.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If they have already earned the conference title then they will not&#xA;play their key players. For example, Aaron Rodgers didn't play the last&#xA;regular season game of 2011 for Green Bay Packers (they finished regular&#xA;season with the record of 15-1). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another situation is that whether or not you win, you will have to&#xA;play a wild card game and the output of the game will not change&#xA;whether you will be playing at home or not. Then the coach will&#xA;probably decide to rest his key players and save them for&#xA;postseason. Kansas City Chiefs for example, pretty much played&#xA;their second team during the last game of the regular season in 2013&#xA;against the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers，however played all&lt;br&gt;&#xA;their main players and won in OT to reach the postseason.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice for both of the scenarios explained above the result of the game wouldn't change anything going to postseason (except the club record). This strategy is used to make sure that the players will stay healthy for more important playoff games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In almost all other cases when the team has already reached the&#xA;playoffs, main players will play to keep the momentum going for post&#xA;season. The team might practice some special moves however, in case if&#xA;needed for postseason game. Many times the backup QB will play&#xA;significantly longer in these games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another thing to notice is that if a player is injured but has been&#xA;playing through the regular season, coaches will usually sit him out&#xA;to avoid any further injuries which could result in missing playoff&#xA;games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T23:07:21.527" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T23:07:21.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4693" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-14T17:48:31.470" Score="7" ViewCount="743" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didin't know how to clearly express my question, so here are a few explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm currently playing in a small hockey club at a quite low level, and we always do this exercise where all the players are at one end of the rink (where the pucks are on the picture). One player on each side rushes to the blue line, only one having the puck. Then, each one crosses the other one behind the blue line, and the one who holds the puck gives it to the other one. Then, they enter the zone and shoot on the goalie. This exercise takes place on only one half of the rink. We often do this at warmup before a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is : which one of the two guys should be the closest to the attack zone when crossing the other one? The puck holder? The receiver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the picture, should 1 give it to 2 and wait a bit to avoid an offside, or should 2 give it to 1 for him to enter the zone quickly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we play, some say option #1, others say option #2, and it ends up in big &quot;hugs&quot; at the blue line, when we bump into each other. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tx60l.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my poor english...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3677" LastActivityDate="2014-10-19T00:44:02.770" Title="When playing ice hockey and giving a pass at the blue line, who should go first?" Tags="|ice-hockey|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4670" CreationDate="2014-05-14T17:57:45.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, in hockey the blade is curved.  This will lead to the puck spinning clock wise or counter clock wise depending on if the player is right or left handed, and if the shot was taken with the front or back of the stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://howtohockey.com/hockey-stick-curve-guide&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a link about the spin and sticks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are often times where the puck will have top spin or back spin.  These are not always intentional, as hockey is a fast paced game played in a relatively small area.  Players will mishit the puck or it may get deflected by a defender.  Also with the goalie wearing pads and taking up a significant portion of the net, the top spin or back spin may just hit the goalie.  The tight side spin will allow for more control and velocity of the shot into the open areas of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can often see defensemen flip the puck out of the defensive zone with some top spin to avoid icing the puck, but in order to clear the defensive zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The deception that you refer to in other sports is created in hockey mostly by screening the goalie and deflecting pucks.  The player in front of the net will try and get in between the goalies line of sight with the puck.  He may also try and tip the puck in mid air with his body or stick.  These deflections make the shot unpredictable to the goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5tB7izWm-Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a link of a tip in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgYvRznhbjw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a link of a goalie screen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T17:57:45.447" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4641" CreationDate="2014-05-14T19:53:20.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Lite-Show is not a more lightweight version of the Kayano 20, it's a glow-in-the-dark / more-reflective version of the Kayano 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source - I'm sitting next to a warehouse with both versions of the shoe and I compared them.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T19:53:20.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9196" CreationDate="2014-05-15T02:56:31.007" Score="2" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;For karting, many drivers wear a carbon-fiber rib protector such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B0041QY6YA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;K1 Race Gear Carbon Fiber Racing Rib Vest&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does such a vest lose its effectiveness in protecting your ribs when the carbon fiber becomes cracked?&lt;/strong&gt; If so, how much does it lose, e.g. should it be thrown out and a new one purchased?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="773" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T13:39:39.123" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T04:29:14.660" Title="Does a cracked carbon fiber rib protector lose its effectiveness?" Tags="|equipment|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4700" CreationDate="2014-05-15T05:24:04.350" Score="2" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are the &lt;strong&gt;bails taken-off&lt;/strong&gt; from the stumps at the break time &amp;amp; end of the day of a Test-match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T07:26:51.167" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T07:26:51.167" Title="Why are the bails taken-off from the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4699" CreationDate="2014-05-15T05:52:32.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-16-start-of-play-cessation-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 16.2, 16.3&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The bowler’s end umpire shall call Time when the ball is dead on the&#xA;  cessation of play before any interval or interruption and at the&#xA;  conclusion of the match. After the call of Time, the bails shall be&#xA;  removed from both wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is the official way to show that the match has been paused or finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T05:55:04.480" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T05:55:04.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4703" CreationDate="2014-05-15T08:06:45.053" Score="3" ViewCount="2053" Body="&lt;p&gt;When was the middle stump camera invented in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T04:32:35.697" LastActivityDate="2024-01-12T17:56:33.107" Title="When was the middle stump camera invented in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|history|trivia|technology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4702" CreationDate="2014-05-15T08:31:41.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stump cameras were first used in 1992 cricket world cup, a tournament of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup#Firsts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;several innovations&lt;/a&gt; in modern cricket like colored player clothing, white cricket balls, black sight screens etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20151109032022/http://specials.cricbuzz.com/t20-league/2013/innovations-zone/skills/14/Stump-Camera-and-Microphone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2024-01-12T17:56:33.107" LastActivityDate="2024-01-12T17:56:33.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4707" CreationDate="2014-05-15T17:52:36.160" Score="2" ViewCount="7954" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard of the expression &quot;the team's front office&quot; in US professional sports teams like the NBA, and I would like to know what does it exactly mean and why is it called &quot;front&quot; office.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2176" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T17:54:13.800" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T18:13:36.270" Title="why is a team's front office called front office?" Tags="|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4706" CreationDate="2014-05-15T18:13:36.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Front Office&quot; is the teams management, this is usually the owner, general manager and other executives who are involved in organization level decisions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;Front Office&quot; or &quot;Front of the House&quot; are the people who interact with customers, vendors and in general the public. So the front office in sports are the people who directly interact with other teams' management, the fans and other business considerations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T18:13:36.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4708" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-15T19:52:31.900" Score="0" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;A shot with back to opponent is difficult and can injure wrist while turning torso towards opponent or hit leg/knee. It can require flexibility in places such as back, shoulder and hands. Luckily, there are multiple ways you can handle the situation where you are too late or in wrong position which forces you to awkward position with back to your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to deal with tennis shots with back towards the opponent?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Helper points&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Things to avoid? Avoid the shot between legs altogether? Any other shots to replace the shot between legs? Safer shots? Replace the shot between legs with parabola shot where you just get the ball to the other side?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flexibility required for the shots? Pros and cons? Surprise element versus convenience?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2014-05-17T00:06:06.433" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T00:06:06.433" Title="Tennis shots with back towards the opponent?" Tags="|technique|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:50:23.530" Score="4" ViewCount="649" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was the only guy in the defence line in a free kick when opponent placed his ball. The opponent had massive leg muscles and he was far taller than me. He scored a goal I have never seen in any football game ever, it barely touched the top of my hairs when I tried to hit the ball back with my head. The flight path of the ball was like a whirlpool: it rised just over me, it spinned to the left, it then went down and then again up so that goaltender was totally flabbergasted by the rapid change in the movements of the ball. For me, it looked like a whirlpool shot due to the whirlpool flight path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried to understand this shot now years later through golf-tennis terminology. The ball changed direction two times so it must have had:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;topspin for changing the direction first time from up to bottom and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sidespin from right to left &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;second turn from left to right: how?!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;now I haven't been able to repeat this shot, neither with a golf club nor tennis racket. Even physically it is hard for me comprehend it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How can you do a whirlpool shot in football?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T21:55:57.747" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T21:36:22.557" Title="How to do whirlpool shot in football (soccer)?" Tags="|football|technique|spin|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4708" CreationDate="2014-05-16T01:48:30.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I often need to hit balls with my back to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this really is &quot;often&quot; then you are doing something very wrong. You either need to stop coming up to the net on weak approach shots that are easy to lob over your head or you need to adjust your court positioning somehow. This shouldn't be happening to you more than a few times over the course of an entire match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you should understand that this is a very difficult shot to attempt because of the timing  involved and unnatural position you have to put your body in, relative to the ball compared with your average tennis shot. You basically have to let the ball drop between your legs, very low to the ground, and a little behind you at the point of contact. I regularly see guys at the 4.5 and 5.0 level even that can't hit this shot without looking foolish. Even some ATP Tour level players look foolish trying this shot. It's not something I would recommend trying to &quot;learn&quot; or rely on at all, except to try and be flashy on the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, this is not really a shot you &quot;train&quot; for - it's a last resort for when you have no other options. Don't let the top 20 players in the world fool you into think it's as easy as they make it look. They are wizards with a tennis racquet - you are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-05-16T01:48:30.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4745" CreationDate="2014-05-16T19:08:43.947" Score="2" ViewCount="2966" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just have two quick questions about scuff sheets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Are they worth having, ie do the give good protection and not hamper the performance of the bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) If I were to get one, is it a good idea to get a plain one&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/CRICKET-BAT-ANTI-SCUFF-PROTECTION-SHEET-CLEAR-PLAIN/231208545457?_trksid=p3984.c100052.m2206&amp;amp;_trkparms=aid=222006&amp;amp;algo=SIC.FITP&amp;amp;ao=1&amp;amp;asc=20140127092945&amp;amp;meid=6946490031954560612&amp;amp;pid=100052&amp;amp;prg=20140127092945&amp;amp;rk=2&amp;amp;rkt=4&amp;amp;sd=300837197165&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; or a fibreglass one&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/300837197165?var=600075614217&amp;amp;ssPageName=STRK:MEWAX:IT&amp;amp;_trksid=p3984.m1423.l2649&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/CRICKET-BAT-ANTI-SCUFF-PROTECTION-SHEET-CLEAR-PLAIN/231208545457?_trksid=p3984.c100052.m2206&amp;amp;_trkparms=aid=222006&amp;amp;algo=SIC.FITP&amp;amp;ao=1&amp;amp;asc=20140127092945&amp;amp;meid=6946490031954560612&amp;amp;pid=100052&amp;amp;prg=20140127092945&amp;amp;rk=2&amp;amp;rkt=4&amp;amp;sd=300837197165&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Plain Sheet (eBay)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/300837197165?var=600075614217&amp;amp;ssPageName=STRK:MEWAX:IT&amp;amp;_trksid=p3984.m1423.l2649&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fibreglass Sheet (eBay)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help would be most appreciated! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I do already have protective tape to put on the edges also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T18:49:48.483" Title="Fibreglass/Plain Scuff Sheets - Are They a Good Idea?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4714" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-16T22:44:52.197" Score="3" ViewCount="1760" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the batter allowed to wander in and out of the box? Doesn't this amount to delay of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher has 12 seconds to throw the ball after he receives it from the catcher. Apparently he has to wait until the batter feels like getting ready to hit the ball. The umpire has control of this situation.  He can say &quot;ball&quot; if everybody takes too long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today I watched a batter walk 10 feet away from the box after swinging at a pitch. The catcher is supposed to throw the ball back to the pitcher as soon as possible. There is a baseball rule book. What good is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3685" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-05-16T22:49:01.380" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T20:41:59.270" Title="Batter delay of game" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4714" CreationDate="2014-05-16T23:03:21.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter is not permitted to wander in and out of the box without requesting the umpire to call &quot;Time&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rule 6.02(b)&lt;/a&gt;). A comment on the rule goes on to urge umpires not to grant excessive requests, since the batter is there only to bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batter leaves the box without requesting time, rule 6.02(c) allows the umpire to call a strike. Ordinarily umpires are hesitant to do so without warning the batter first. If the batter still does not enter the box, the umpire can continue the procedure until the batter has struck out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not just theoretical; in 2013 the minor-league player Vinnie Catricala took the first pitch for a strike, stepped out of the box to argue the call, and wound up &lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/minor-league-baseball-player-strikes-out-on-one-pitch-1014450914&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;striking out without getting another pitch&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2014-05-16T23:03:21.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4708" CreationDate="2014-05-17T00:05:52.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different shots with back towards the opponent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dimitrov hitting between his legs 1.14 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8L4Q8phMAqE&amp;amp;t=1m14s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (flashy with surprise element but can damage knee/wrist)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parabola returning shot where you just return the ball to the other side by swinging racket from the bottom to the top (easy to wrist, safe)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Torso-turning shot where you turn your torso and upper body while still having back towards the opponent in trying forehand or backhand (can be hard to wrist)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T00:05:52.523" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-05-17T00:05:52.523" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2014-05-17T01:05:13.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 225 with a deep cut on my blades,  and I can full speed stop on both legs no problem. Its all about weight transition and managing how much weight you put down on that stopping leg. Also you need to be mindful of your momentum,  by that I mean you have to get the skates parallel to your direction of travel with little weight as possible, then you gradually apply weight and start shaving ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3686" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T01:05:13.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-17T01:35:06.033" Score="3" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a karting seat that is made from carbon-fiber here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ribtect.com/RibtectSeat_Original.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ribtect.com/RibtectSeat_Original.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On that page, it claims:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To Improve Performance:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The Ribtect seat helps the chassis and driver to work better. Keeping the kart rolling free and providing a better launch out of the turns. Connecting more of the kart to the driver for a better feel of the chassis. Lowering the fatigue level of the driver, allowing for better concentration and improved consistency and lower lap times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To Prevent Rib Injury:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The Ribtect Seat is designed to reduce the amount of rib injuries to karters. Thus, keeping more people involved and happy with the great sport of karting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if these claims are significant?  Does such a seat provide a significant benefit to rib protection as compared to using a good vest like &lt;a href=&quot;http://kracer.com.au/other-stuff/bengio-bumper.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;?  Does such a seat provide any significant performance benefit (e.g. more than 0.25% faster) in outdoor karting such as at &lt;a href=&quot;https://simracewaydrivingschool.com/organizer/simraceway-performance-karting-center/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sonoma raceway&lt;/a&gt; for a driver near the top of the field in Senior &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotax_Max_Challenge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rotax&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="773" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T01:35:06.033" Title="Does a carbon fiber seat help karting performance and protect ribs?" Tags="|injuries|performance|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5396" CreationDate="2014-05-17T06:06:49.150" Score="4" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;Montreal Canadiens and New York Rangers will be playing in the eastern conference playoffs of the NHL starting this Saturday (2013-2014 season). I was watching TSN tonight and it was brought up that the goalies for both teams have won the gold medal in the Olympics, which I hadn't noticed till then. Carey Price won it this year (2014) at Sochi and Henrik Lundqvist did so at Turin in 2006. Price beat Lundqvist in to win gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm wondering how many gold medalist goalies have met in the NHL playoffs? And how many times the goalies who met in the Olympics final also met in the playoffs in the same year? can you also provide the list including the year and the players for both question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:34:43.353" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:34:43.353" Title="How many times Olympics gold medal winner goalies faced in the NHL playoffs?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|olympics|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4726" CreationDate="2014-05-17T12:17:44.420" Score="5" ViewCount="1902" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between Leg spinner's leg-spin &amp;amp; Flipper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T09:09:59.613" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T09:09:59.613" Title="Difference between leg-spin &amp; flipper" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4725" CreationDate="2014-05-17T22:46:59.437" Score="13" ViewCount="46586" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always see in TV referees communicating with the players in international football matches(both club and national competitions). It seems to be universal: not only in European matches, but also in Asian matches and World Cup etc. However something I don't really get is how are they supposed to communicate at all if they don't speak the same language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only suppose that in this case, there exists a default lingua franca for communication, for example English, and all players more or less understand some basics of this language. (which would not be easy for professional sports players, and it's even more amazing that they can seem able to talk incessantly). If so, is it somehow specified as a rule, or just more of a custom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, as an alternative, is there actually only the captain, or the few players who share languages in common with the referee doing the talking, while others express themselves more by body expressions and translation through the captain etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are international football referees (supposed to be &amp;amp; in reality) multilingual?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-16T21:17:23.160" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T21:17:23.160" Title="How does the referee communicate with players in football(soccer) matches, when they are from different countries?" Tags="|football|trivia|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4723" CreationDate="2014-05-18T19:56:34.800" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA referees are expected to be able to speak English. So if the referee who doesn't speak the language of a team (many international referees speak multiple languages) he will be talking English to them. Also notice that players know key words in English (if already not the same in their own language) such as sorry, foul, offside, goal...      &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next thing you need to notice is that the referee will not just casually start a conversation with players. He will instruct players after fouls or controversial calls. So when a player commits a foul, he already knows what the referee will be talking about. Or when the referee makes a call that could go either way, he has a pretty good idea why the team that he made the call against them will be talking to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another important fact is body language. The referees of FIFA, just like other governing bodies of international sports, use whistles and signals. So there is a distinct signal for each foul, just so everyone understands what's going on without having to translate all orders to different languages (think about the case when players of the same country speak different languages, then without use of signals, you would need multiple translators in all games). Even on top of that, referees try to use body language as much as possible to make everything clear for the players and coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-14T20:45:39.400" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T20:45:39.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4722" CreationDate="2014-05-19T04:47:08.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leg Spin from a bowler can be varied as &lt;strong&gt;Googly&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Top Spinner&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;slider&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;flipper&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To bowl a googly, you grip the ball the same as you would for a leg break but hold it so your palm faces away from you.&lt;/strong&gt; As you bowl, you bring your elbow close to your head and cock your wrist so that back of your hand faces the batsman. You spin the ball by rotating the fingers. If done properly, the ball should turn from off to leg for right handers. If the batsman comes out of his crease and misses the googly, he can be stumped.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To bowl a topspinner, grip the ball as you would a leg break. Bowl it as you would a googly,&lt;/strong&gt; but don't cock you wrist during the action. This should impart forward spin that will cause the ball to dip later and bounce higher. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To bowl a slider, grip the ball as you would a leg break,&lt;/strong&gt; but hold it so that your palm faces yourself. Bowl normally. This should impart backwards spin and should feel like a horribly failed leg break. If bowled properly, however, the ball will dip earlier and keep lower to the ground. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To bowl a flipper, you must hold the ball as you would normally,&lt;/strong&gt; but you must also have your thumb on the side. Instead of rotating your fingers and wrist to give it spin, you pinch it out between your index finger, middle finger, and thumb, kind of like trying to squeeze it. The flipper will come out faster than a leg break, won't spin, and will keep close to the ground. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more clarification click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Bowl-the-Leg-Spinner%27s-Variations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3650" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T04:47:08.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4727" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-19T08:04:46.530" Score="2" ViewCount="7704" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was checking out the playoff bracket the other day and I realised that a significant number of the games (in the first round) went up to the 7th game. Considering that there are 15 series in total x 7 matches the theoretical maximum is 105 matches. (In parallel with that, the theoretical minimum would be 15 x 4 = 60 matches). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doing a quick calculation, I noticed that so far 72 games were played with 3 match-ups remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So re-iterating my questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In what year were the most number of NBA playoff games played? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many total games were played during that year's playoffs?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Now that the 2014 playoffs are over, the total number of games has turned out to be 89 (if I am not mistaken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-09T11:25:33.293" LastActivityDate="2022-04-23T10:47:17.010" Title="What's the maximum number of games at the playoff phase in NBA?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4731" CreationDate="2014-05-19T14:25:25.627" Score="2" ViewCount="5242" Body="&lt;p&gt;When was the first Official (not friendly) T-20 match played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T11:56:16.500" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T11:56:16.500" Title="When was the First T20 match played?" Tags="|cricket|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4730" CreationDate="2014-05-20T03:45:32.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20#Origins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; the first ever T20 match was played on 13th June, 2003 between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/304744.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Durham and Nottinghamshire&lt;/a&gt; at Chester-le-Street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first international T20 match was played on 17th February, 2005 between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/211048.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Australia and New Zealand&lt;/a&gt; at Eden Park, Auckland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-20T03:50:40.440" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T03:50:40.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4733" CreationDate="2014-05-20T04:59:54.890" Score="1" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;When was the &lt;strong&gt;third umpire review system(not DRS)&lt;/strong&gt; entered in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2014-05-20T05:13:34.113" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T05:13:34.113" Title="When was the third-umpire review system entered in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|history|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4732" CreationDate="2014-05-20T05:09:41.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The third umpire review system debuted in Test cricket in November 1992 at Kingsmead, Durban for the South Africa vs. India series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional trivia&lt;/strong&gt;: Sachin Tendulkar became the first batsman to be dismissed (run out) by using television replays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153619.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_umpire#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T05:09:41.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2544" CreationDate="2014-05-20T07:25:15.017" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the rules which are included in ICC about 20ininng must be for super over as well because 20over is also the end of match and super over is also &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3690" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T07:25:15.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4736" CreationDate="2014-05-20T07:49:08.323" Score="3" ViewCount="38102" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is the largest cricket ground by &lt;strong&gt;length of boundary&lt;/strong&gt; in the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T05:54:48.077" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T14:09:18.177" Title="Largest cricket ground by length of boundary" Tags="|cricket|trivia|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4735" CreationDate="2014-05-20T09:44:58.437" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Melbourne Cricket Ground is the largest cricket ground by area. The playing area in the  MCG is &lt;strong&gt;172.9m x 147.8m&lt;/strong&gt;. If we consider the boundary length of the cricket ground, ICC stated about this in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketromania.com/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,print,0&amp;amp;cntnt01articleid=289&amp;amp;cntnt01showtemplate=false&amp;amp;cntnt01returnid=76&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all cases the aim shall be to provide the largest playing area,&#xA;  subject to no boundary exceeding 90 yards (82.29 meters) from the&#xA;  centre of the pitch to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the largest boundary length a cricket ground can have is 82.29 meters. The boundary line should be located according to that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T09:44:58.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4739" CreationDate="2014-05-21T04:03:10.887" Score="2" ViewCount="5191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who is the first bowler to take hat-trick in T-20 international?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T04:15:17.923" Title="First hat-trick in T-20 international" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4738" CreationDate="2014-05-21T04:08:56.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brett Lee is the first bowler to take a hat-trick in T20I matches. He took against Bangladesh at Cape Town in World T20 2007. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287866.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the scoreboard&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/content/story/311247.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the match report&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Another Twenty20 first&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the first Twenty20 century, by Chris Gayle against South Africa, this match brought &lt;strong&gt;the first hat-trick in the international version. Brett Lee was the man&lt;/strong&gt; with the honour as his pace proved too much for the middle order...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283738.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the hat-trick in T20I matches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-21T04:15:17.923" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T04:15:17.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-21T06:16:52.257" Score="16" ViewCount="11251" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the length of the six measured instantly in cricket? What technology do they use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T04:32:11.200" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T04:32:11.200" Title="How is the length of the six measured instantly?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4740" CreationDate="2014-05-21T08:40:47.250" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First they calculate the &lt;strong&gt;speed of the ball&lt;/strong&gt; after hitting the bat taking distance as &lt;strong&gt;22 yards&lt;/strong&gt; (changing it into meters) and then &lt;strong&gt;record the time till the ball crossed the pitch by d=s/t&lt;/strong&gt; then they record the &lt;strong&gt;time till the ball has stopped outside&lt;/strong&gt; the playing area then again they calculate the distance by &lt;em&gt;d=s/t&lt;/em&gt; . this is how it is calculated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(all calculations are based on the assumptions that speed of the ball remains the same ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3650" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T08:40:47.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4742" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-21T09:46:23.097" Score="23" ViewCount="73929" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the ATP &amp;amp; WTA events, both Men &amp;amp; Women tennis players play best of 3 sets. But when it comes to Grand Slams, the Men play 5 sets.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;At the risk of sounding a misogynist, I always believe the reason to be strength &amp;amp; endurance. After all, a 5 set EPIC match lasts 5 hours while a 3 set EPIC last 3 hours.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that the only reason. Or am I a naive misogynist?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also was that the case since the history of Grand Slams or did Men play 3 sets before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-28T02:48:04.667" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T02:48:04.667" Title="What is the reason Men play 5 sets &amp; Women play 3 sets in a Grand Slam in Tennis?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4744" CreationDate="2014-05-21T10:24:07.927" Score="1" ViewCount="1360" Body="&lt;p&gt;The half volley is a tennis shot but why this word entered in cricket and what is half volley shot of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-21T10:52:27.757" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T10:57:12.687" Title="Half volley shot of cricket" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4743" CreationDate="2014-05-21T10:51:54.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the Half-volley is not a shot type but a delivery type (in terms of pitching). This type of delivery pitches ahead of a good length but not too fuller(which ends up in full-toss). I.e. it pitches between good length and full toss. Batsmen can easily drive such delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be the reason behind it's name is: The ball pitches near foot same as in tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the terms in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a glossary of cricket terms by ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-21T10:57:12.687" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T10:57:12.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4712" CreationDate="2014-05-21T15:38:29.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've no empirical evidence to back it up but I don't believe they hamper the performance of the bat and they do take some of the impact.  I have a five or six year old bat with a lot less horizontal cracking than I have previous had in bats of a similar vintage.  For what it's worth I'd recommend fitting it.  If you are going to fit it, take the tape off the edges first and then re-apply new tape after the anti scuff is on or it'll all get a bit messy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I use the clear one, it looks nicer for a start!  I think the best you can get is helicopter scuff sheet which is clear.  If you goto &lt;a href=&quot;http://custombats.co.uk/cbforum/index.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://custombats.co.uk/cbforum/index.php&lt;/a&gt; and search for scuff sheet there you will find more than enough analysis of it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T15:38:29.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4742" CreationDate="2014-05-21T17:52:59.303" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Men have played 5 set matches and women 3.  However from 1984-1998 women did play 5 set matches to conclude the year.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Men and women just recently have been paid the same for their matches in tournaments.  This has led to men including &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2013/09/murray-women-should-play-best-five-sets/49047/#.U3zm2_ldU1I&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andy Murray&lt;/a&gt; to suggest women play the same length of match as the men if they are getting paid equally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as strength and endurance are concerned, I believe it is pretty relative.  Women compete in strength and endurance competitions just like men.  The overall time, weight, scores, etc. may be lower for women, but it is relative.  Women would wear down in long, tough matches just as men do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thetennisspace.com/navratilova-men-should-play-best-of-3-at-the-slams/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martina Navratilova&lt;/a&gt; thinks that men should play 3 instead of 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-11-10T20:16:23.213" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T20:16:23.213" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3599" CreationDate="2014-05-21T18:41:45.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is for the first time that the fans have named the ball for FIFA World cup 2014. Around a million Brazilian Football fans had voted, out of which around 77 % votes were casted in the favor of Brazuca. The name of the ball was released on the 2nd of September in 2012&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://latestworldcup.com/adidas-brazuca-soccer-ball-wallpapers-history-sale-reviews/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://latestworldcup.com/adidas-brazuca-soccer-ball-wallpapers-history-sale-reviews/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3693" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-05-22T03:43:47.950" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T03:43:47.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4742" CreationDate="2014-05-21T18:59:41.620" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to diggers3's answer, I would add:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grand Slam (major) events are not ATP or WTA events - they are ITF&#xA;events and are not subject to the ATP's or WTA's rules. All non-major tournaments for both men and women are now best of 3 sets matches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Generally in tennis, when more is on the line (think $$) then best of 5 sets are played instead of best of 3. It is a more comprehensive test and ensures that one player (or doubles team) can outperform the other and not that one player was just &quot;hot&quot; or &quot;cold&quot; for a set or two.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Other men's tournaments used to play best of 5 sets also - Masters&#xA;Series tournaments and the season-end Masters Cup (now World Tour&#xA;Finals) used to play the best of 5 sets format also but changed to&#xA;best of 3 in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tennis, as sports go, tends to be very entrenched in tradition and&#xA;doing something like changing men's grand slam matches from best of 5&#xA;sets to best of 3 would take a lot of convincing of those in&#xA;authority to make that change. In recent years, many tennis&#xA;journalists and media figures have suggested that the grand slam&#xA;events have the men play best of 3 sets up until the second week (or&#xA;QuarterFinals) - then switch to best of 5 beyond that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As far as having the women play best of 5 sets like the men - I do&#xA;not think that would be a good idea and would only contribute further&#xA;to player injury and fatigue. I think you would end up seeing more&#xA;retirements and walkover results than you do now. If anything, I&#xA;think the men should switch to best of 3 before women change to best&#xA;of 5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-05-21T23:31:04.677" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T23:31:04.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4714" CreationDate="2014-05-22T20:41:59.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;6.02 b)&lt;/a&gt; begins by saying while the pitcher is in the set position or in the windup.  If this is not the case and there is a delay in the action, ie between pitches the batter may step out (in the comments part of 6.02 b).  Also the batter is allowed to take time to receive signs from the coach.  If the umpire chooses to ask the player to step in the box, then &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;6.02 c)&lt;/a&gt; may be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB differs from most other levels of play on this rule. In the MLB there is little to no concern over pace of play. It is rare to see an umpire warn a batter for taking his time between pitches.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to consider about baseball is most calls are judgement calls.  The rule book is vague.  Things from the strike zone to what constitutes a delay are at the umpires discretion.  The MLB ran into this earlier in 2014 with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2014/04/25/mlb-clarifies-transfer-rule/8152737/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;transfer&quot; rule (2.0)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The are no penalties or fouls in baseball so it is often understood that umpires are seen as moderators instead of officials.  If teams play slow, they play slow and vice verse for fast paced teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Yankees and Red Sox are notorious for playing slow, and when they meet up games may exceed 4 hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In lower levels there is much more emphasis on this rule. Often at the high school levels and below, hitters are asked to keep one foot in the box while receiving signs from the coach.  In college (NCAA) there is a time limit or &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703559604576174813158261654&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pitch clock&lt;/a&gt; between innings and pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T20:41:59.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4756" CreationDate="2014-05-22T23:53:24.477" Score="0" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to learn the game of cricket.  Not necessarily to play.  I enjoy watching it, but don't really understand what is going on.  I have watched some youtube videos that explain things, but I was wondering if anyone had a link or links to websites or videos that will explain things in depth (i.e. rules, strategy, variations of games (matches??), things like that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="9750" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T07:01:31.663" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T07:01:31.663" Title="Source(s) for Learning Cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-05-05T07:18:19.940" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4655" CreationDate="2014-05-23T00:50:03.467" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, p. 120&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while the ball is between his hands or between his hand and any surface&#xA;  (e.g. ground, own body)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while holding the ball in his outstretched open hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while in the act of bouncing it on the ground or tossing it into the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a goalkeeper has gained possession of the ball with his hands, he cannot&#xA;  be challenged by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Restart of play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Indirect free kick from the position where the offence occurred&#xA;  (see Law 13 – Position of free kick)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering your scenario, if the goalkeeper has as much as a finger on the ball and it's also touching the ground, the post, another part of his body, or even the opponent (all of these are surfaces), he cannot be challenged. An indirect free kick should be awarded to the goalkeeper's team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's not clear as to who made contact with the ball first, most referees will let play continue, as any infringement is doubtful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T00:50:03.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4753" CreationDate="2014-05-23T04:58:52.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket is a game played by two teams of 11 players each with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bat&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ball&lt;/a&gt;. Here, the scores are defined by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;runs&lt;/a&gt;. In the game, each team get a chance to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batsman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bat&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bowl&lt;/a&gt; which is called as &lt;em&gt;innings&lt;/em&gt;. In the first innings the batting team try to score as much as possible while bowling team try to restrict their score as lower as possible. In the second innings the batting team try to chase/trail that score to win/lead the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In bowling side bowlers bowl balls to the batsmen. Each bowler can bowl maximum six legal balls in a row. This set of six legal balls is called as &lt;em&gt;over&lt;/em&gt;. Bowling team try to take &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wickets&lt;/a&gt; of the batting team. The innings ends as soon as 10 wickets are fallen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are main two types of cricket match: limited overs cricket and unlimited overs cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In limited overs cricket there are two form of cricket &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ODI&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;T20I&lt;/a&gt;. In ODI each team can bat for maximum 50 overs. While in T20I each team has 20 overs (as name suggests) to bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlimited overs cricket(international) is called as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Test cricket&lt;/a&gt;. The test match is played for maximum 5 days. In test, each team get a chance to bat twice (two innings for each team). They can play for unlimited overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more detailed information about cricket refer &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source by Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T04:58:52.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4759" CreationDate="2014-05-23T06:02:52.823" Score="8" ViewCount="4546" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many tennis balls does a player have to choose from at a time?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know every 7 games they play with new balls, but I do not know how many balls are in use at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the rule the same for ATP/WTA matches and Grand Slam matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T18:38:26.093" LastActivityDate="2022-02-23T18:38:26.093" Title="How many tennis balls are in use at the same time?" Tags="|equipment|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4760" CreationDate="2014-05-23T06:09:07.000" Score="-3" ViewCount="588" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this era where, in my opinion, power is necessary so I have a question about alimentary habits for most important sport players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many and who famous international sport (tennis/football/volleyball/basketball/winter sports/athletics) player is declared as vegan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-23T13:13:37.497" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T14:00:57.027" Title="Vegan sport player?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-05-27T13:08:29.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4757" CreationDate="2014-05-23T07:59:16.520" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;New balls are requested by the chair umpire after the first 7 games of the match, and then every 9 games thereafter. It is done this way since the players warming up with the first set of new balls is considered to amount to the normal wear and tear of 2 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the chair umpire calls for new balls, the ball kids (if present) will collect the balls and put them back into the empty cans they came from and (usually) put those cans back into a case (cardboard box) sitting beneath or to the side of the chair umpires chair. If no ball kids are present, lines persons will usually perform this task. These &quot;used&quot; balls typically become practice balls that players can request to borrow for practice after they are brought back in from the courts after that days matches are completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer the question - &lt;strong&gt;each round of new balls typically consists of two cans of three balls, so six balls in total&lt;/strong&gt;. I don't know why six balls - but that has been the number for a few decades now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In watching matches, you might see some players be particular about each ball kid holding an even number of balls - so they will ask for a ball from one kid just to hit it over to the others so they don't have to later worry about which ball kid they can ask for balls from after the point is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one of the six balls gets taken out of play (either hit out of the court or over a fence, into the seats and not thrown back, or gets broken during play, etc.) it is not usually replaced and the players will just play with one less ball until the next round of new balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: To answer the edited question: yes, these same rules are followed by all ATP/WTA and Grand Slam matches. The ATP/WTA adopted their practices from the Grand Slams.          &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-05-21T20:04:04.893" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T20:04:04.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4758" CreationDate="2014-05-23T14:00:57.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes! Numerous professional sports players have declared as vegan. There's even a website devoted to their declarations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greatveganathletes.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.greatveganathletes.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There aren't very many athletes featured there, but there are some other lists of vegan or &lt;em&gt;near&lt;/em&gt; vegan professional sports participants that are available with some searching on the web. For instance, the recently retired future NFL hall of famer Tony Gonzalez is vegetarian and nearly vegan. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T14:00:57.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4024" CreationDate="2014-05-23T17:43:39.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the tension on your racket matters.  A loosely strung racket will act like a trampoline.  When you hit the ball, your strings will generate more speed on your shots.  But with a higher tension, this rebound effect is reduced, giving you a smaller sweet spot but more control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3701" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T17:43:39.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4650" CreationDate="2014-05-23T22:54:10.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The www.nba.com website is very useful for this. It gives you stats and standings and allows you to play around with figures, efficiency ratings and sortable player statistics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3702" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T22:54:10.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-25T14:33:49.487" Score="1" ViewCount="1052" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Team bat first scored 144/3 after 20 overs in T20 format match.. second Team scored 34/2 in 8.4overs . then rain stopped the play. who will won the match? explain please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3705" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T10:52:01.730" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T10:52:01.730" Title="How can a team win while rain stopped play permanently in 2nd innings?" Tags="|cricket|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4353" CreationDate="2014-05-25T20:04:58.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No matter what fins you use, your arm position should never be such that your freestyle recovery is in the water. If the bow wave is high for you, rotate your shoulders more and raise your elbow higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your coach should be pointing this out to you. If you are raising your arms, you don't want to be pressing your chest and head down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may wish to discontinue use of fins, or possibly switch to shorter fins (as per @Phil's comment) in order to focus on your arm stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T20:04:58.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3854" CreationDate="2014-05-26T00:29:12.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no one-size-fits all answer here. Some teams have been fabulously successful rebuilding through the draft. Often it helps to get lucky and have the first pick fall to your team in a year when there is a clear great player to be drafted like Tim Duncan or LeBron James. Other teams have tried to rebuild through the draft and failed because the players they chose did not turn into stars. In the past ten years, teams like the Celtics (who traded for Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen) and the Heat (who signed or traded for LeBron James and Chris Bosh) have been built through a mixture of savvy trades and clever free agent signings. The NBA has a salary cap and a byzantine set of rules about how much you can pay who, so a big factor to success is avoiding bad contracts as much as signing good ones. The Celtics have been stockpiling draft picks but it remains to be seen if they try to rebuild by using them or by trading them for more established players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T00:29:12.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-05-26T00:39:21.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A puss rusher is not someone who rushes with a pass but someone who rushes the passer or quarterback. NFL teams play two main styles of defense, named for their formations, the 4-3 and the 3-4. The first number refers to the number of defensive linemen and the second to the number of linebackers. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dearsportsfan.com/2013/07/30/what-is-a-defensive-lineman-in-football/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Defensive linemen&lt;/a&gt; start each play crouched down in a modified sprinter's stance on the line of scrimmage. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dearsportsfan.com/2013/08/02/what-is-a-linebacker-in-football/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Linebackers&lt;/a&gt; start standing, usually right behind the defensive linemen. In the 4-3, the pass rushers are usually the outside defensive linemen or defensive ends. In the 3-4, the pass rushers are usually the outside linebackers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T00:39:21.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4765" CreationDate="2014-05-26T02:19:54.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends on what method of resolution the league or competition has designated for this case.  If they use net run rate, for example, then team 1 has 7.2/over and team 2 has 3.9/over, so team 1 wins.  If they use Duckworth-Lewis, then the par score for team 2 would be 56, so team 1 wins.  (There are several online resources to calculate D/L; results may vary.)  There are other methods as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T02:19:54.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4561" CreationDate="2014-05-26T02:38:38.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In both of these cases, the umpire should not call &quot;Play&quot;.  If the delay is extensive and intentional, the umpires can, after a suitable investigation, consider the batting side to be refusing to play award the match to the fielding side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T02:38:38.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4794" CreationDate="2014-05-26T04:05:20.237" Score="4" ViewCount="3318" Body="&lt;p&gt;To a layman like me, they both sound like similar concepts (though, of course, they're not!): The aggregate number of yards a QB had run with the ball in his hands before either passing off the ball or getting intercepted, etc. Is my understanding even remotely correct? What is the difference between the two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3636" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T13:53:54.313" Title="Rushing Yard and Yard Run" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4774" CreationDate="2014-05-26T04:19:27.193" Score="2" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the final league match of IPL 2014 between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/match/734041.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mumbai Indians and Rajasthan Royals&lt;/a&gt;, Mumbai needed to win the match in 14.3 overs (87 balls). However, after 14.3 overs Mumbai could managed to tie the score but they couldn't chase it. So it looked like Mumbai is out of the tournament. But after a while there was a long discussions between umpires, fielders and batsmen then commentators said if Mumbai manages to hit the boundary in the next ball, they can qualify for the playoffs (the next round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When they had to chase the target in 14.3 overs why did they get extra delivery to win with better run rate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T09:24:18.977" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T09:24:18.977" Title="Why did Mumbai Indians get an extra delivery to win with a better run rate?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4773" CreationDate="2014-05-26T04:19:27.193" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason is given in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/content/story/747805.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article on ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the calculation of net run rate (NRR), &lt;strong&gt;the final score, and not the target, is the relevant number. For Mumbai Indians, the requirement to finish the chase in 87 deliveries was only subject to their final score being 190&lt;/strong&gt;. The chasing team, if they take a few extra deliveries to get home, can still push their NRR up to the required fraction if they manage to achieve a final score that is sufficiently higher - by finishing things off with a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mumbai Indians, &lt;strong&gt;despite failing to score that all-important extra run off 14.3, had already inched ahead of Rajasthan Royals' NRR when they had drawn level on 189. At that stage, Mumbai Indians' NRR read 0.078099, while Royals' was 0.076821. Had Mumbai Indians just run the single they needed for victory off the fourth ball, though, their NRR would have gone below that of Royals'.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Since they were using the extra ball, they would have needed to get their score up to at least 191 off that delivery&lt;/strong&gt;. Running two was not an option, as they needed just the one run to win. So their only option was to hit a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, had they played out a dot ball, they still would have not been out of it. &lt;strong&gt;They could have hit a four off 14.5 or 14.6 and still finished with a NRR better than that of Royals. If they played out three dots, they would have needed to hit a six off 15.1 to bump their NRR up above Royals'.&lt;/strong&gt; If this had happened, Mumbai would have ended with a NRR of 0.080519 against Royals' 0.074163.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T04:19:27.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-26T15:25:48.277" Score="2" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Amongst missed 3FG, what % are rebounded by the offensive team?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Amongst missed 2FG, what % are rebounded by the offensive team?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a significant difference between these two percentages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T03:44:17.890" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T16:17:28.330" Title="Offensive rebounding % on missed 3FG vs 2FG (NBA)" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-26T18:24:05.430" Score="3" ViewCount="2081" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team needs 1 run to win and the player hits a Six(6) then, How many runs would be considered? Would it be considered 1 run or 6 runs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3712" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T09:03:55.480" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T09:01:47.810" Title="How many runs will be considered when a team needs 1 run and the player hits a boundary?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4779" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4816" CreationDate="2014-05-27T00:57:44.097" Score="3" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/tcoNn0lskgw?t=2m40s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/tcoNn0lskgw?t=2m40s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He should be listed somewhere in here - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_football_commentators&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_football_commentators&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Meta entry said this question would be better received if given the reason for the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...So I can have a means to avoid watching anything he ever anouces (pretty much anything Aviva Premiership) because of that tedious gritted-teeth affectation thing he does - fabricating drama.  (It sounds like he's announcing from a toilet seat, and occasionally trying to squeeze one out while speaking.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And just the whole English boarding-school thing in general, when they are forcing it with stilted pronunciations.  David Croft (Sky Formula 1) Ted Kravitz and Simone Lazenby – are the worst.  Ponce hipster central.  Crofty has this nervous tick.  He says “nOWW” too often for no good reason; other than to make himself sound posh. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/OS7WoUzcWT4?t=4s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/OS7WoUzcWT4?t=4s&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said: &lt;strong&gt;Jack Burnicle&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;James Whitham&lt;/strong&gt; are great – and happen to be English and have their own more natural affectations.  Right and proper Yorkshire, I believe.  Or maybe theirs is just called a &amp;quot;Northern&amp;quot; accent - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5Mbh8_FAhc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5Mbh8_FAhc&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/Rant over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T15:01:04.237" Title="Who is this particular English Premiership (Rugby Union) lead announcer?" Tags="|trivia|media|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4777" CreationDate="2014-05-27T04:08:52.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsmen do not take a single run while the ball goes to the boundary line it will be considered a six and 6 runs will be added to the batsman's total runs as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2134/540&quot;&gt;an exception&lt;/a&gt;. If the bowler bowls a &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt;, and the batsman hits a six off that ball, the six &lt;strong&gt;is not&lt;/strong&gt; counted. Only an extra run of a &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; will be added in the team's total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T04:08:52.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4782" CreationDate="2014-05-27T05:18:55.663" Score="3" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if it rains in the first qualifier in IPL 2014 match between KKR and KXIP?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who will enter into the final? On what basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T10:08:29.387" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T10:08:29.387" Title="Who will enter into the final in case of rain in first qualifier?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|indian-premier-league|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4781" CreationDate="2014-05-27T05:58:16.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the match abandoned due to rain, then the match will be postponed to May 28(reserve day for first qualifier match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the match still abandoned on the reserve day, then the team(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/engine/series/695871.html?view=pointstable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KXI Punjab&lt;/a&gt;) which finished in the higher position in the points table  will be deemed the winner of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ref&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/about/2014/match-playing-conditions/26/law-21-the-result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IPL Playing Conditions 21.10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T06:24:06.613" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T06:24:06.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4783" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-27T07:13:20.360" Score="1" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the IPL7 last league match between MI vs RR, the scores were leveled at 189.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had the bowler bowled a &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; who would enter into the playoff, MI or RR?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3714" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T08:24:28.407" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T08:24:28.407" Title="In IPL match MI vs RR - who would enter into the playoff in case of &quot;no ball&quot;" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4783" CreationDate="2014-05-27T07:17:19.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Faulkner bowled a no-ball, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2121/does-the-batsman-get-runs-on-no-ball-when-the-team-requires-only-1-run-to-win/2134#2134&quot;&gt;six runs would not be calculated&lt;/a&gt;. The final score will be 190, not 195.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But still, Mumbai could qualify for the play-off matches. Since they need 190 in 14.3 overs, if 14.4 was a no-ball, then it won't be counted as a legal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2556/how-the-net-runrate-for-each-team-is-calculated-in-ipl&quot;&gt;Net run rate&lt;/a&gt; will be like below,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MI = &lt;strong&gt;0.0135&lt;/strong&gt; (2175/271.2 - 2170/273.3)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;RR = &lt;strong&gt;0.0121&lt;/strong&gt; (2155/269.5 - 2159/272.5) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mumabi Indians would lead RR in the Points table by just 0.0014 difference in NRR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T07:41:05.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4785" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4787" CreationDate="2014-05-27T07:52:22.667" Score="2" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4781/753&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, it was reported that the reserve day for first playoff match is May 28.&#xA;What are the reserve days for the second and third playoff matches of IPL7?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3466" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T03:57:55.050" Title="What are the reserve days for play off matches of IPL7?" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4798" CreationDate="2014-05-27T07:55:48.247" Score="2" ViewCount="12510" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an airsoft player and would like to reproduce the US Assault class in Battlefield 4 as seen below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IL6vO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Us Assault class&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the base layer, I'm assuming any sand balaclava, sand gloves and multicam pants would do. I don't know if Dark Earth combat shirts with sand sleeves exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the head part, A sand Mich 2000 or similar, sand goggles, and a Peltor Comtac.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have absolutely no idea of what type of chest rig/plate carrier is used. Also the belt is some sort of harness ( I don't know the exact word ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone could help me, a name or a link to similar equipment would be nice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3716" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T08:21:37.670" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T03:41:22.280" Title="US Assault class gear detail in Battlefield 4" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4785" CreationDate="2014-05-27T08:31:26.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally reserved days are scheduled on the next day of the actual match day in every tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From IPL's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/about/2014/match-playing-conditions/174/ipl-2014-playoff-matches-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;50. IPL 2014 PLAYOFF MATCHES&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.  A reserve day is available for three of the four playoff matches, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Qualifier 1 – reserve day: &lt;strong&gt;Wednesday 28 May&lt;/strong&gt; at Eden Gardens, Kolkata starting at 4pm&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b.  Eliminator – reserve day: &lt;strong&gt;Thursday 29 May&lt;/strong&gt; at CCI, Mumbai starting at 8pm&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c.  Qualifier 2 – &lt;strong&gt;no reserve day&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d.  Final – reserve day: &lt;strong&gt;Monday 2 June&lt;/strong&gt; at M. Chinnaswamy stadium, Bengaluru starting at 8pm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no reserve day for Qualifier 2 the winner will be decided as per below conditions: (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;    For the Qualifier 2 playoff match (no reserve day), in the event that it is not possible to schedule a 5 over match to complete by the end of the extra time that evening/night, &lt;strong&gt;the teams will, if conditions permit, play a Super Over to determine the winner of the Qualifier 2&lt;/strong&gt;. The pitch and ground must be ready for play so that &lt;strong&gt;the Super Over can start at the latest by 1.10am on Saturday 31 May&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;    If it is not possible to start the Super Over as described in the above paragraph or to then complete the Super Over without interruption, &lt;strong&gt;the team that finished highest in the league table after the 56 matches of the regular season shall be declared the winner of the relevant playoff match&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T09:21:03.370" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T09:21:03.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1236" CreationDate="2014-05-27T10:21:19.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;he wore two caps only because if one comes off he has a back up already on and it supports the goggles making them stay in their lace under the second cap as the goggles may come off from diving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3717" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T10:21:19.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4805" CreationDate="2014-05-27T17:11:01.273" Score="5" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know it's illegal to have both rubber sides of the table tennis blade be the same color. Is it illegal to have one side with the smooth part of the rubber, and another with the pimpled (anti-spin) rubber?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm refering to ITTF standards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-12-09T06:44:46.960" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T06:44:46.960" Title="Is it legal to have a table tennis blade glued with one smooth rubber side rubber another pimpled rubber?" Tags="|rules|equipment|table-tennis|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4791" CreationDate="2014-05-27T18:30:04.013" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, watching the Pirates-Mets game, I saw the Pirates' Andrew McCutchen called out on a third strike. The pitched ball was clearly over the plate, but &quot;low.&quot; IMHO, it should, or at least could, have been called a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to being over the plate, the pitched ball must fall between the players' shoulders and knees. It was the &quot;knees&quot; part that confused me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was taught that &quot;at the knees&quot; meant at the level of kneeCAPS. Is that too high; that is, is there a definition of &quot;knees&quot; that is lower than the kneecaps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it true that umpires have been informally expanding the strike zone, so that almost anything that is &quot;over the plate&quot; is called a strike as long as it is not in the dirt, even though it's technically &quot;below the knees&quot; (basically at the shin, as opposed to ankle, level)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could camera angles have caused a difference of opinion? That is, I saw a &quot;flat&quot; pitch &quot;below the knees&quot; through a TV camera, while an umpire, standing behind the plate, saw a &quot;sinker,&quot; part of which was &quot;barely&quot; at knee level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T16:55:37.687" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T16:55:37.687" Title="Where is the lower limit for a (baseball) strike?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4790" CreationDate="2014-05-27T18:50:01.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brooksbaseball.net/pfxVB/pfx.php?s_type=3&amp;amp;sp_type=1&amp;amp;year=2014&amp;amp;month=5&amp;amp;day=26&amp;amp;pitchSel=544727&amp;amp;game=gid_2014_05_26_pitmlb_nynmlb_1/&amp;amp;prevGame=gid_2014_05_26_pitmlb_nynmlb_1/&amp;amp;prevDate=526&amp;amp;batterX=55&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This page&lt;/a&gt; shows that the pitch caught the very bottom of the zone per PitchFx. The zone is &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; from the letters to the knees. Granted, it's not always called that way, but this is how PitchFx is calibrated. This isn't an expanded zone, it's actually &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the zone they are supposed to call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the zone is measured from the &lt;em&gt;front&lt;/em&gt; of home plate, not where the catcher catches the ball. This pitch was &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; flat though, I don't have replay of it, but it doesn't look like it broke much from the pitchFx data. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the &lt;em&gt;true&lt;/em&gt; lower limit, &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2013/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Page 22 of the MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; indicates that the zone is &lt;em&gt;below&lt;/em&gt; the kneecaps, not above them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T19:07:44.383" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T19:07:44.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4793" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-28T11:36:43.227" Score="3" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently moved to UK and figured that where I live (Crawley, West Sussex) there is no Capoeira school. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I decided to organize a new club for training Capoeira. I found a nice location, one of the facilities from the council, but I need to sort out the insurance for the students and myself, so that in case anything happens we are covered. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how this type of insurance works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How should I approach this problem&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who should I contact&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What kind of insurance I should get &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3723" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T10:21:37.370" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T10:21:37.370" Title="Where to get insurance for capoeira students in UK?" Tags="|finances|injuries|coaching|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4772" CreationDate="2014-05-28T16:09:06.337" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rushing yards are an official stat.  When a player receives a hand off or a backwards pass, he  then advances the ball by running forward or &quot;rushing&quot;.  Most often you see this stat in the NFL for running backs.  However quarterbacks and receivers may also have rushing yards in a game.  You may see updates during a game with a rushing yard total for players, it is the total rushing yards to that point in the game. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_%28gridiron_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rushing the Football Wiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yard run usually refers to what happens on a certain play.  I.e. &quot;The player X had a 12 yard run&quot;.  This means he would get 12 rushing yards also.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Announcers may refer to a yard run after a receiver catches the ball also.  These yards after the catch are added onto his receiving yard total and the quarterback's passing yard total. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/nfl/stats/yards-after-the-catch/2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yards after catch (YAC)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Rushing yards and &quot;yard run&quot; will be measured from the line of scrimmage with a loss of yards being a negative yard run and subtracting from the rushing yard total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the quarterback passes the ball, he will not get credit for any yards that he has run prior to the pass (Pass meaning legal forward pass).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-05-28T16:17:32.323" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T16:17:32.323" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4795" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4801" CreationDate="2014-05-28T16:31:02.683" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this still legal in cricket? And since it was legal, why would people get so upset?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2qpj-yBkwY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T04:11:08.043" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T04:21:59.263" Title="Australia vs New Zeland underarm ball" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7186" CreationDate="2014-05-28T16:37:34.000" Score="3" ViewCount="9388" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying this and also have seen many swimmers. They can just easily lie down on the water surface and their body starts floating without any hand and leg movement. I try to keep my body as straight and loose as I can, but eventually my legs start sinking and after 2-3 seconds they touch the bottom of the pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I float better so that I can improve my backstroke?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4PkdJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;floating violinist&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See this pic for reference - how simply he is able to get his body floating on the water surface.  Initially for 2-3 seconds my body floats like him but after that my lower body starts sinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T05:05:43.670" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T17:38:05.780" Title="How can I get my body floating on the water while doing the backstroke?" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-10-19T11:19:11.307" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4796" CreationDate="2014-05-28T16:53:15.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Floating, and getting control of floating isn't very hard, but it can take a lot of practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't have much body fat, you're already predisposed to sink, but managing your position well, and your breathing will help you overcome low body fat. If you already have high or normal body fat, learning how to control your position will allow you to float even better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some things you can do to control your posture in the water:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relax. This is the most important, if your panicking and flailing, you'll sink.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Balance. Learn how to position your body so your weight is balanced (or your leverage is balanced). this includes pushing down with your shoulders to compensate for your heavier torso). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Practice. Whenever you are in the pool, spend some time trying to float. If you can find a partner, have them help you by adjusting your position while you are attempting to float. This will aid you in teaching your body how to position itself.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as breathing goes, breath deeply, this will fill your lungs. The better your lung capacity, the lower your overall body density will be and you will float better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as being able to so something like float and play the violin, my guess is that this particular swimmer has a bit of help from her suit. It looks to me like there is a bit of air trapped in the legs. However, there is a great deal of practice involved even still.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wanted to address one more thing. If you're actually doing the backstroke (or back crawl), in the style of competitive swimming, then you shouldn't have much trouble floating (this isn't really floating per-se, it's swimming, which is different then simply being buoyant). This is because your motion should be a big part of what is keeping you on the surface, your kick should create plenty of upward motion and should keep you on top of the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-05-28T17:48:58.600" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T17:48:58.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4786" CreationDate="2014-05-28T21:31:30.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From top to bottom: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OPS-CORE: FAST Ballistic high cut (XP) Helmet: Tan + LUX LINER H-NAPE&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Princeton Tec Charge MPLS&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MS2000 Strobe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Peltor Comtac 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;XGO Phase 4 Neck Gaiter in Coyote Brown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ESS Profile NVG Military Goggles black with gray Lenses &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LBT 6094 in Coyote Brown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VIP IR LED Strobe Light &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;SAFARILAND 6378USN ALS® Low Signature Holster Multicam&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New Eagle Industries USMC MOLLE Coyote FB 9MM Mag Pouch &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two red chem lights&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blackhawk S.T.R.I.K.E 40MM Grenade Molle Pouch in Coyote Tan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LBT-6159 Modular Double M4/M14/MP5 Mag Pouch in Coyote Brown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Double M67 Pouch in Coyote (NSN 8465-01-558-5185)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Combat First Response Pouch (Condor)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tactical Tailor 40mm Belt 12rd in Foliage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;YATES 313 Lightweight Assault Harness in Terra&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CRYE Combat Pant AC Multicam + AirFlex™ Combat Knee Pads in Khaki&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CRYE G3 Combat Shirt™ Khaki 400&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;TACOPS® M9 Assault Medical Backpack in coyote + IR reflective reversed Velcro Flag +     three red and one white chem light&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FR FAST ROPE GLOVE COYOTE (Oakley)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lowa Elite Desert Ws&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I didn't find is the waist pouch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm building the same loadout and I hope You have success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3724" LastEditorUserId="7505" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T03:41:22.280" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T03:41:22.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4799" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4800" CreationDate="2014-05-28T21:33:28.533" Score="9" ViewCount="14770" Body="&lt;p&gt;The laws of the game prohibit encroaching on a penalty kick whether it is an attacking player or defending player.  The keeper is supposed to remain on the line until the kick is taken but in practice this is a loose interpretation; movement off the line is common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: if another player (besides the keeper and penalty taker) has a foot on/over the line of the 18 yard box or the arc, what grounds are there for a retake or an indirect kick out?  Is it a similar loose interpretation which goes unpunished or shall it be referenced as an offside play or simply an infringement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T10:11:16.413" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T20:25:00.997" Title="How detailed is penalty kick encroachment in football" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4799" CreationDate="2014-05-29T01:43:12.780" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In answer to your first question, let's consider how it &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, Section 1 - Procedure&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defending goalkeeper must remain on the goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players other than the kicker and goalkeeper must be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;behind the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;inside the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;outside the penalty area&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the players have taken positions in accordance with this Law, the referee signals for the penalty kick to be taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if encroachment as defined above occurs, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-offences-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, Section 2 - Offences and Sanctions&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Once the referee has signalled for a penalty kick to be taken, the kick must be taken. If, before the ball is in play, one of the following occurs:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the player taking the penalty kick or a team-mate offends:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball enters the goal, the kick is retaken&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball does not enter the goal, the referee stops play and restarts with an indirect free kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the goalkeeper or a team-mate offends:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken; the goalkeeper is cautioned if responsible for the offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player of both teams offends the Laws of the Game, the kick is retaken unless a player commits a more serious offence (e.g. illegal feinting); if both the goalkeeper and kicker commit an offence at the same time:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the kick is missed or saved, the kick is retaken and both players cautioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the kick is scored, the goal is disallowed, the kicker is cautioned and play restarts with an indirect free kick to the defending team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A summary of the outcomes for encroachment (and other penalty kick infringements) is also included in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/summary-table&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, Section 3 - Summary Table&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your second question, with the 2016 rewrite of the Laws of the Game, referees were explicitly given broad discretion. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 2 - Decisions of the Referee&lt;/a&gt;, it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decisions will be made to the best of the referee`s ability according to the Laws of the Game and the ‘spirit of the game’ and will be based on the opinion of the referee who has the discretion to take appropriate action within the framework of the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other big change in 2016 was the requirement to caution the goalkeeper for unsporting behaviour if a retake is required due to them leaving their goal line before the kick is taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether it was intended or not by IFAB, the combination of these two changes have led to referees only taking action when there is blatant encroachment. The alternative, i.e. strict enforcement, would dictate that the goalkeeper would be sent-off for being millimetres off their line for a saved / missed penalty kick twice in a match. This is clearly a disproportionate punishment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJwAE5Mtrxc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's an example&lt;/a&gt; of a referee having a penalty kick retaken multiple times for encroachment by both the goalkeeper and outfield players. In my opinion, at the time when this occurred in 2004, he would have been correct. However, by 2017 standards, none of the kicks required referee intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKrGoFtP9xo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's a better quality video of a different incident&lt;/a&gt;, with replays showing the encroachment. At the time, in 2005, the first two of these calls were probably correct, but to be consistent, the third kick should have been retaken, as a Brazilian defender (in yellow) entered the penalty area before the kick was taken and it was missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, applying 2017 standards, I believe that only the blatant goalkeeper infringement on the second kick should have been retaken. In 2017, this would also require the goalkeeper to be cautioned, but this seems proportionate, given that he was one to one-and-a-half metres off his line before the kick was taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T00:35:02.757" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4795" CreationDate="2014-05-29T04:01:37.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac43be2aca-Standard%20Test%20Match.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 24 in ICC's Match Playing Conditions&lt;sup&gt; PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;24.1 - Mode of delivery&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 24.1 (b) shall be replaced by the following:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The bowler may not deliver the ball underarm. &lt;strong&gt;If a bowler bowls a ball underarm the umpire shall call and signal no ball&lt;/strong&gt;, and the ball is to be re-bowled overarm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So bowling a ball underarm is not legal. It is considered a &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; unless special agreement before the match &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, at that time bowling an underarm ball was legal but it was against the spirit of cricket. And it was deliberately bowled just to prevent New Zealand hitting a six on the last ball. That's why whole cricketing world was upset for that decision. For more see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_bowling_incident_of_1981&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; regarding that incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 24.1(b) in lords.org&lt;/a&gt;. However, this is not specified in ICC's match playing conditions.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T04:21:59.263" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T04:21:59.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4208" CreationDate="2014-05-29T05:37:35.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This situation comes under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt;. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if he wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action. In particular, but not solely, it shall be regarded as obstruction and either batsman will be out Obstructing the field if &lt;strong&gt;while the ball is in play and after the striker has completed the act of playing the ball&lt;/strong&gt;, as defined in Law 33.1, he wilfully strikes the ball with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) a hand not holding the bat, unless this is in order to avoid injury. See also Law 33.2 (Not out Handled the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) any other part of his person or &lt;strong&gt;with his bat&lt;/strong&gt;.  See also Law 34 (Hit the ball twice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the given situation once the ball is bowled (here either &lt;em&gt;no ball&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;free hit&lt;/em&gt;), it&#xA;is in play irrespective of the ball touches the bat until the umpire declares it a dead &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. So if the batsman hit the ball after he gets bowled, he is actually obstructing the field because fielders (mostly the bowler himself in such situations) rush to the ball to take it to prevent batsmen taking runs. &lt;strong&gt;So the batsman who is hitting the ball is out Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. &lt;em&gt;Normally&lt;/em&gt; the ball becomes dead after it is thrown to the keeper and batsmen are into the crease or a batsman is out&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T05:42:37.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4857" CreationDate="2014-05-29T07:16:16.317" Score="7" ViewCount="2154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't see any England cricketers playing in this IPL season(2014). The only England cricketer playing in this IPL is Kevin Pietersen who was axed by England Cricket Board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for the IPL teams not to buy English players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember some of the English players like Luke Wright, Morgan played in some IPL seasons before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-03T15:24:35.650" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T16:35:14.163" Title="Why the IPL teams don't have any English cricketers?" Tags="|cricket|tournaments|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4804" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5413" CreationDate="2014-05-29T09:02:28.653" Score="5" ViewCount="3978" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read that at Giro there is a Fair play prize. It is one of the minor classifications. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is mentioned, for example, in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Giro_d%27Italia#Minor_classifications&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this year's Giro&lt;/a&gt;. However, not much details are given there and information about minor classification is marked as &quot;citation needed&quot;. (Here is link to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Giro_d%27Italia&amp;amp;oldid=610525225&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; if that article. It says that: &lt;em&gt;Teams also take part in the Fair Play classification where teams are given penalty points for minor technical infringements.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to find out more about this award. Based on which criteria are points in this classification given? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there similar awards in other Grand Tours (or other stage races)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T07:43:21.410" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T18:11:21.633" Title="What is fair play prize at Giro d'Italia?" Tags="|cycling|awards|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4789" CreationDate="2014-05-29T11:08:32.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/ittf_hb.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook's&lt;/a&gt; racket section doesn't forbid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method for assembling a racket is advantageous for those looking to both be able to spin with smooth rubber that has a good spin factor, and counter spin with an anti-spin rubber in the same game (as oppose to trying to counter a spin with another spin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T10:55:42.570" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T10:55:42.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4807" CreationDate="2014-05-29T16:09:06.883" Score="3" ViewCount="871" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was shocking, but a low seeded player ousted Number 2 seeded Li Na in the first (women's) round of the French Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the seeding is designed to prevent this from happening so early. For instance, in a field of 128, the top seed is matched against the 128th seed in the first round, the number 2 against the 127th, etc. The idea in the first round is to eliminate the bottom 64 players, and most of the &quot;survivors&quot; will be seeded 1-64.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that Kristina Mladenovic eliminated Li Na, it's unlikely that she's really &quot;only&quot; 127. And she gets Li Na's (number 2) spot for the second round of 64, and is likely to be paired against say, the 63rd seeded player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be a reasonable guess that Mladenovic's true talent level is probably at least 50th to 100th, so that she's probably not an underdog against the number 63rd seed in the second round? Or does history show that these early round eliminations are &quot;flukes&quot; and the &quot;eliminator&quot; gets eliminated soon after?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T18:59:55.450" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T20:08:18.857" Title="How steep a hill does a low seeded (tennis) player have to climb?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4806" CreationDate="2014-05-29T18:38:46.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Let's clear up a couple of things first...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only 32 players are seeded in the women's singles draw at the French Open this year. The rest of the field are not seeded, qualifiers, or wild-card entries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also - a players &quot;talent level&quot; does not necessarily correspond to their position in the draw or even their seeding. Kristina Mladenovic was in the main draw only because her world ranking 2 weeks prior to the French Open was high enough to warrant her being there. She's currently ranked 103 and has been ranked as high as 36 in her career. It was random that she faced Li Na in the first round - not because she's seeded/ranked #127.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly - don't forget about the &quot;bad day at the office&quot; factor in tennis. As we saw with both Li Na and Serena Williams at the French Open this year - if you have one bad match where you're not playing your best - and your opponent is - you're out. That's the harsh reality of tennis and single elimination tournament competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Now, to answer your question...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds like the seeding method you are thinking of is how the Men's NCAA D1 basketball tournament brackets are drawn up (with the #1 seed playing the #16, #2 playing #15 and so on) - but that's not really how tennis does their tournament draws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis - the seeded players are each put into their own area (usually a quarter) of the draw (how many seeds there are depends on the tournament and the size of the draw). For example, the #1 seed will be in the first/top position of the draw, and the #2 seed will be in the last/bottom position of the draw. This is done so that the #1 and #2 seeds can't possibly face each other until the final match of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you go past the #1 and #2 seeds, it starts becoming more random about where the seeds fall into the draw rather than a specific formula being applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that is guaranteed after #1 and #2 placement is that the following 6 seeds (#3-#8) end up evenly placed into the 4 quarters of the draw - so again, for the French Open, which is a draw of 128 players for the Women's Singles - two of the top 8 seeds will be within positions 1-32, 33-64, 65-96 and 97-128. Usually those two seeded players go into the first and last positions within those numbers (so they only face each other at the latest possible round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that, where the seeded players fall in the draw becomes more random (names drawn from a hat) - and where non-seeded, qualifier and wild-card players fall is also random. The fact that Li Na faced Kristina Mladenovic in the first round had nothing really to do with anything like seeding or ranking - it was just the luck of the draw. I'm guessing that 8 or 9 times out of 10, Li Na wins against a player like Kristina Mladenovic - it just happened to not be her day during that match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To further show how the draw is more random for non-seeded players, Kristina Mladenovic played Alison Riske in the second round - who's currently ranked #45 in the world - and she also won that match. From what I've seen of lower-ranked players in grand slam events that beat a very high ranked player - the lower-ranked players usually &quot;flame out&quot; in the next round because of their emotional high coming off the &quot;fluke&quot; victory the previous round. Many examples of that come to mind - Stakhovsky beating Federer at Wimbledon and losing in the next round, Lukas Rosol beating Nadal at Wimbledon and then losing in the next round, etc. It's pretty common to see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T18:38:46.293" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4808" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6940" CreationDate="2014-05-29T18:44:40.480" Score="3" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I heard as a general rule of thumb that one should leave at most the width of your hand as space between the knot (a figure eight for instance) and the harness. Its quite obvious that one doesn't want one or two feet of rope between the harness and the knot, since it might catch on something, but I never paid too much attention on whether its one, two or three times the width of my hand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside from it being caught on something, are there any other dangers associated with having too much space between the knot and the harness?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3728" LastActivityDate="2017-11-14T13:51:17.473" Title="climbing - distance between knot and harness" Tags="|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-11-14T15:50:54.143" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-30T08:27:16.650" Score="3" ViewCount="491" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jumping is one of a most difficult action In snowboarding. How can I do it better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I started jumping this winter so I'm a beginner, I don't know where should I press more to jump, my back foot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3731" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-03T13:38:47.120" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T18:47:42.833" Title="How can I have a good jump with snowboard?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7052" CreationDate="2014-05-30T11:57:36.140" Score="4" ViewCount="1698" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I'm facing a dilemma, on one end my friend assembled his by looking on amazon for the highest rated water-based glue. On the other end, my other friend uses and recommends Elemer's rubber cement, because he claims it minimizes the damage done to the blade, which would be nice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wanted to see if Elmer's rubber cement, is a viable choice for gluing rubber on the blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side note, did some further searching and started wondering...&#xA;is rubber cement equivalent to speed glue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T12:42:33.133" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T02:01:46.787" Title="Is Elmer's rubber cement a viable choice for assembling Table Tennis Racket?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4812" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-05-30T11:58:22.250" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T11:58:22.250" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T11:58:22.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4813" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-05-30T11:58:22.250" Score="0" Body="Questions pertaining to the act of assembling any sort of equipment in a given sport. " OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T12:13:10.420" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T12:13:10.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4814" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-30T22:32:25.007" Score="2" ViewCount="2776" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to try the longest possible tennis racket meaning 29 inches long, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question105287.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;USTA rules&lt;/a&gt;. I use Babolat Pure Drive (68.5cm long) but I want to get it 5.2cm longer to be able to hit as high as possible in servings. I am not sure whether it makes any sense to try to get as long tennis racket as possible by that I try to add the maximum power to servings so personal height has less importance. Is it possible to lengthen an existing tennis racket or some other options to get the longest possible tennis racket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T16:59:06.737" LastActivityDate="2017-03-05T16:42:10.507" Title="Is it possible to lengthen a tennis racket?" Tags="|tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4814" CreationDate="2014-05-30T23:36:34.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible to lengthen your racquet (at least the handle/grip) - however, you don't want to attempt it yourself unless you really know what you're doing. I would recommend looking into a service such as what is provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rpnytennis.com/services/customization/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RPNY&lt;/a&gt; where racquet customization professionals can do the modification to your racquet. I've tried playing with a 28.5&quot; racquet before and it felt quite odd and I didn't play well with it because of the extra time it takes to swing it around (I found myself making contact late on many shots before I adjusted). 29&quot; could end up being tough to play with until you really get used to the timing change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that before you start off wanting to lengthen your racquet, you should look at your service motion/technique and start there. Having a longer racquet isn't likely to do a whole lot for your serve in terms of speed or anything like that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T23:36:34.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4779" CreationDate="2014-05-31T04:40:09.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;strong&gt;Miles Harrison&lt;/strong&gt; is the man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After watching quite a few matches on YouTube to see if they would list or call each other out by name (never happened once) I found this by cross referencing a long list of announcer names - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWRYM0ZJZRw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWRYM0ZJZRw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T04:40:09.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4804" CreationDate="2014-05-31T05:00:09.487" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;strong&gt;fair-play prizes&lt;/strong&gt; started with a big push after the 1960 Olympics when Knud Jensen died from excessive performance enhancements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To counter the perception generally in sport, an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fairplayinternational.org/cifp/organisation-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;International Fair-Play Committee&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; was created.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However each individual event will have it's own verbiage as to the purpose and criteria for giving out such a token award.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;A fair-play prize will be given to the athlete who will distinguish himself by his availability, sportiness and unselfishness.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - (Via - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mongoliabikechallenge.com/pdf/REGULATION_MBC_2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T05:00:09.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4821" CreationDate="2014-05-31T15:27:07.087" Score="5" ViewCount="3120" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a score in a tennis match like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6-0 0-6 6-0 0-6 6-0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, what's the closest to that score in grand slams/major tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3732" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-06-01T07:56:12.133" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T23:52:24.607" Title="Has there ever been a grand slam tennis match where every set has been won to love?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4818" CreationDate="2014-05-31T21:13:21.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer this, I would refer you to a message thread over at the men's tennis forums site where somebody did the research on these kinds of scorelines since 1980. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=148335&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the women's side of tennis, I'm sure this has happened many times where the winner won 6-0, 6-0. You tend to see those kinds of scorelines once or twice for each grand slam tournament where a player like Serena or Sharapova beats a low-ranked opponent 6-0, 6-0. I don't think I've ever heard of a match where the loser recorded a 6-0 set against the winner though (where the winner won their two sets by a score of 6-0 also) - that would be very rare. I will research it though and post an edit in here if I can find a record of it ever happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://heavytopspin.com/category/bagels-and-breadsticks/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is another good read about the types of scorelines you're asking about - which mentions that it's a more common score in the women's game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Ok - I found only &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; matches so far that fit your criteria (both on the womens side). If you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/8425/title/ka-po-tong#results&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;match results for this player&lt;/a&gt; (Ka-Po Tong) from 2000 - scroll down to the Shenzhen tournament and the SemiFinal match. She lost the match 6-0 0-6 6-0. Then in Fed Cup Qualifying rounds in 2003 - Maria Fernanda Alvarez (BOL)  d.Zara Desilva (BER) 0-6 6-0 6-0 . You can find that result &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wta96.com/wiki/fedcup/fedc1122.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T21:32:58.287" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T21:32:58.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9142" CreationDate="2014-05-31T21:48:30.703" Score="4" ViewCount="9107" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my younger years, when I still played football, I got rid of the dirt underneath my football shoes by smashing them against one of the goal posts. I remember the sound to have a high pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of material are the goal posts made of, used at the FIFA World Cup 2014?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-03T15:12:15.507" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T07:12:10.883" Title="Material FIFA World Cup Football Goal Posts" Tags="|football|equipment|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4864" CreationDate="2014-06-01T00:11:33.400" Score="0" ViewCount="1820" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's investigate the pain in the first lumbrical due to repetitive golf swings with backswing where the support hand experience the pain. It can be repetitive injury, too weak muscles or poor technique. If you are left, then the pain is in the first lumbrical of the left hand. If you are right, then the pain is in the first lumbrical of the right hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jlq6Y.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I first doubted &amp;quot;not tight enough golf grip where hands not as package&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;not proper backswing&amp;quot; but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNh6mGTfK-w&amp;amp;feature=youtube_gdata_player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G32adMjV-KQ&amp;amp;feature=youtube_gdata_player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; confirmed me otherwise. So I am still in the starting point: I cannot understand why my first lumbrical becomes painful after repetition: I am not sure whether it is because my hand muscles are not yet familiar with the stress or some other reason. First lumbrical is connected to the muscle &amp;quot;flexor digitorum profundus.&amp;quot; Tension in that muscle may cause pain to the hand. Poor warm-up of the hand muscles? Or some other reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do you alleviate the pain in the first lumbrical due to golf?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Helper questions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you warm up the small hand muscles in golf?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What have been the reasons for the pain in the first lumbrical with you in golf?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T07:38:55.940" Title="Hand pain in the first lumbrical muscle due to golf, why?" Tags="|golf|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-08-02T12:52:44.707" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4825" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-01T11:14:05.227" Score="3" ViewCount="1846" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know some good cool down games for gymnastics? It is for around 15 children and 2 floor strips. There are plenty of poxes, ropes and hoops that can be utilized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Games which have been played but failed for various reasons are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What's the time Mr wolf (The children make too much noise when playing. When tagged the children are pushed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Green light red light (Children won't tell those who move to go back to the start)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Duck duck goose (It takes too long for everyone to get a turn)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Land and sea (The game has been played to many times)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Land and sea works but since it the only game that works it is played every lesson, thus over used. Another game which works but is bordering overuse is: have them in a circle and they jump (type of jump doesn't matter) and have to land (hold bike). The idea is to try and get all the way around the circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3734" LastEditorUserId="3734" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T10:12:12.943" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T15:49:34.937" Title="Cool down games for gymnastics?" Tags="|training|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4337" CreationDate="2014-06-01T11:16:43.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found that lying it splits upside down (feet in air, back on ground) against a wall for 30min each night works. I used to do it while I watched television.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3734" LastActivityDate="2014-06-01T11:16:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5777" CreationDate="2014-06-02T01:59:04.390" Score="2" ViewCount="4381" Body="&lt;p&gt;Defensive backs often get them from interceptions but it's possible for other players have forced fumbles, strips and blocked kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3704" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T19:40:36.477" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T17:22:53.530" Title="Which defensive position is most likely to create turnovers in american football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4834" CreationDate="2014-06-02T02:13:13.200" Score="0" ViewCount="1089" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a staff hurler makes it to the big leagues they have demonstrated a high level of skill and produced quantifiable statistics such as ERA, wins, strikeouts, quality starts or FIP. But which commonly accepted metric designates them as an elite or ace pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3704" LastEditorUserId="3704" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T00:32:17.353" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T00:32:17.353" Title="How is an elite or ace pitcher defined in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-06-10T14:32:09.580" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4830" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4836" CreationDate="2014-06-02T08:02:39.527" Score="2" ViewCount="463" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the ATP and WTA rankings work approximately this way: Each week the points for the tournaments played that week are added. The points for tournaments more than 52 weeks old are dropped. (Of course, there are more complicated rules about which and how many tournaments are counted, but this should be the gist of it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is what happens during Grand Slams, which last two weeks. Some players do not play at GS tournaments, so they might play some tournament during the first week. However, if the new ranking would be issued after one week of GS tournaments, what should be done? Dropping the points for the last edition of the same GS tournament seems unfair, since the players did not finish the tournament yet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Is the new edition of WTA/ATP rankings issued after the first week of the GS tournament? Are the points for Grand Slams dropped/counted only after the two-week period, in which the tournament is played?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-01-14T06:51:08.487" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T06:51:08.487" Title="ATP/WTA ranking during Grand Slam tournaments" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4803" CreationDate="2014-06-02T13:32:46.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt there is one single reason although the overlap of the IPL and the English domestic season has been a major contributing factor.  Many higher profile (centrally contracted) English players would not be available for the whole tournament.  Its likely that other players such as Alex Hales and Samit Patel who would be available for the whole tournament were not viewed as good value for money as their county sides would only release them from the domestic contract if they achieved a certain price in the auction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T13:32:46.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4829" CreationDate="2014-06-02T16:44:53.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many different ways to define an &quot;ace&quot;.  He is the best starting pitcher on a pitching staff.  &quot;Ace&quot; being a common nickname for the number 1.  A team's number 1 starter is often called their ace even if he isn't as dominant as other pitchers.  A player that wears the number 1 may be referred to as &quot;Ace&quot; as a nickname regardless of his position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term ace is also referred to as a dominant pitcher in the league period.  Where he may not be the best pitcher on his staff, but on most others he would be the number 1.  A good example of this is the LA Dodgers pitching staff.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=425844#gameType=%27R%27&amp;amp;sectionType=career&amp;amp;statType=2&amp;amp;season=2014&amp;amp;level=%27ALL%27&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Zack Greinke&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=477132#gameType=%27R%27&amp;amp;sectionType=career&amp;amp;statType=2&amp;amp;season=2014&amp;amp;level=%27ALL%27&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Clayton Kershaw&lt;/a&gt; are both seen as aces on the same staff, even though Kershaw was the number 1 starter to being the season and Greinke was the number 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as seeing a pitcher as dominant, it changes from person to person and team to team.  Some teams will value pitchers that throw a lot of innings (200+).  Some will value a guy that has many &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Quality_start&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;quality starts&lt;/a&gt;.  With the addition of &lt;a href=&quot;http://sabr.org/sabermetrics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sabermetrics&lt;/a&gt; there are many other ways to quantify a pitcher's value.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A big emphasis has been placed on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/about/war_explained.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WAR (Wins Against Replacement)&lt;/a&gt; with the use of sabermetrics.  Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2013-value-pitching.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WAR Chart&lt;/a&gt; that may help you see how players are statistically valued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other thing I'd add is that baseball is very developmental.  There is a large minor league system for development.  Many pitchers may be valued at a young age because of the potential, but don't end up panning out.  Some pitchers may become an ace for a short period of time due to age, injury, or any other factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T16:44:53.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4835" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4838" CreationDate="2014-06-02T17:25:35.293" Score="4" ViewCount="992" Body="&lt;p&gt;The LA Kings beat the Chicago Blackhawks in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2014-chicago-blackhawks-vs-los-angeles-kings-western-conference-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game 7 of the Western Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt; during the Stanley Cup Playoffs on June 1, 2014. The Kings have won Game 7 of all three series to get to the Stanley Cup Finals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if a team ever went on to win the championship after winning 4 Game 7s? If so, can you provide a list of the team and the year of accomplishment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:41:22.943" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:41:22.943" Title="How many times have major league teams won a championship after winning 4 Game 7s?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4830" CreationDate="2014-06-02T17:42:05.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;During Grand Slam events - new rankings aren't calculated after the first week. New rankings are calculated after the Grand Slam event is over, so after the end of those 2 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as rankings points go - the points expire (like you said, after 52 weeks) whether they play the same event the following year or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T17:42:05.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4835" CreationDate="2014-06-02T17:44:55.837" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has never happened. The closest any time has come in Hockey since the NHL moved to four 7 game series has been the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_2011.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bruins&lt;/a&gt; in 2011 and the Kings in 2014. They each won three game 7s. The Bruins in the first, third and fourth rounds. No team has even &lt;em&gt;played&lt;/em&gt; four game 7s that I could find since the league went to four 7 game series in the 80s. The Kings can make history this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also went ahead and checked basketball (the other major US sport that plays four 7 game series for their playoffs), and no team has played four game 7s in that league either. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T22:49:20.470" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T22:49:20.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4806" CreationDate="2014-06-02T20:08:18.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was too long for a comment, so I am posting it as a CW-answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament#Seeding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Single-elimination_tournament&amp;amp;oldid=605278429#Seeding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link to current revision&lt;/a&gt;, just in case the article changes in the future): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One version of seeding is where brackets are set up so that the quarterfinal pairings (barring any upsets) would be the 1 seed vs. the 8 seed, 2 vs. 7, 3 vs. 6 and 4 vs. 5; however, this is not the procedure that is followed in most tennis tournaments, where the 1 and 2 seeds are placed in separate brackets, but then the 3 and 4 seeds are assigned to their brackets randomly, and so too are seeds 5 through 8, and so on.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  While this may seem unfair to a casual observer, it should be&#xA;  pointed out that rankings of tennis players are generated by&#xA;  computers, and players tend to change ranking positions very&#xA;  gradually, so that a more equitable method of determining the pairings&#xA;  might result in many of the same head-to-head matchups being repeated&#xA;  over and over again in successive tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T20:08:18.857" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-06-02T20:08:18.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4709" CreationDate="2014-06-02T20:51:32.173" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In summary, we have this picture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kzNao.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This picture shows the ball kicked from the right because the wind is heading towards the left. (Let's ignore for now the possibility of strong tailwinds.) Because the ball is rotating backward from the top, this ball has negative topspin - also defined as &lt;em&gt;backspin&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the wind lines...the closer the wind lines are, the lower the fluctuations in speed (and it means that there is low turbulence//wind is heading in one direction); either way, this is unimportant and only mentioned for clarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For now, let's understand that a ball kicked in the above manner will have the bottom of the ball going against the wind but the top of the ball will be going in the same direction as the wind (because of the backward rotation!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the bottom of the ball is encountering air resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top of the ball will be going in the same direction of the wind. This means that the top of the ball will be facing negative air resistance. This then means that the ball, by nature, will want to move in the same direction!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As shown in the picture, there is higher air pressure at the bottom because of the two different directions of air. At the top, there is lower pressure of air. The ball will once again want to naturally move to lower pressure, just like you would want to move to lower pressure zones because it's &lt;em&gt;naturally&lt;/em&gt; easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explains why the ball, when kicked with a backspin, will stay in the air longer. For topspin, there will be lower pressure at the bottom for reasons described above - so the ball will want to move towards the bottom faster, which explains why topspin balls fall quickly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJirUc_Dolg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJirUc_Dolg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, when kicking a ball away from you, if the left side spins toward you it will fall to the left. The worst free kicks possible would be where the ball's left corner spins towards you, because then it heads towards the center of the net, where the goalie is :P&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that we understand that, in your situation the ball must have been kicked such that, if you were the opponent that kicked the ball, then &lt;strong&gt;the ball was initially kicked with the bottom left corner of the ball spinning towards you with low spin speed and switched directions completely such that the ball's upper right corner was then spinning towards you at high speed.&lt;/strong&gt; This may be due to a strong headwind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For extra information,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is called the Magnus effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We define drag to be any force acting opposite to the motion of an object. In this case, air resistance means drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We go to 32:50 of the following video for a postliminary understanding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGMnuqKexG8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGMnuqKexG8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T21:00:52.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4843" CreationDate="2014-06-02T21:06:58.663" Score="3" ViewCount="1326" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been a number of dominant tennis players in history who have won the &quot;Grand Slam,&quot; that is, victories in all four opens, Australian, French, Wimbledon, and U.S. Opens, under varying conditions. These are clearly highly competent, &quot;all weather&quot; (or all surface) players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the courts have different surfaces: clay, for Roland Garros, grass for Wimbledon, and hard surfaces, for the U.S. open. These different surfaces favor different players and styles of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kinds of players are favored by the different surfaces, and what are examples of players that have been dominant (in their time) on one or two, but not all four courts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-02T21:11:23.550" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T22:16:13.590" Title="How do the different court surfaces at the majors affect the games and mix of players?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4842" CreationDate="2014-06-02T22:16:13.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of the 4 majors - Roland Garros (clay) seems to me to have produced the biggest share of &quot;one slam wonders&quot; or, players that only one 1 grand slam title. Some recent names that come to mind are  Gaston Gaudio, Albert Costa and Andres Gomez. &quot;Who?&quot;, you ask? Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clay&lt;/strong&gt;: Favors &quot;grinders&quot; and players that are willing to play longer, more drawn out points. Since clay is a slower surface the ball doesn't move through the court as quickly and so players are able to move to get certain shots that wouldn't be as easy to get to on faster surfaces like hard courts. Players that move well and have great footwork also flourish on clay (like Nadal, Djokovic, Murray, etc.). Clay also tends to favor players from nations where clay is the most common court surface found and so the players &quot;grew up&quot; playing on it and were more familiar with how to play on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grass&lt;/strong&gt;: Favors serve and volley players (though not as much now as it used to) and players with an all-court game (baseline &amp;amp; net). The ball doesn't bounce as high on grass and stays lower so some players are able to handle that better than others. Big serving players are usually rewarded on grass also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hard Courts&lt;/strong&gt;: Hard courts are a fairly neutral surface that don't give one type of player a big advantage over another. Players that can flatten out their shots a little can do well on hard courts but the surface doesn't play a huge role in the outcome of a match between equally skilled opponents. This is why we've seen 4 or 5 hour long matches between the top players at the US Open and the Australian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as players that dominated on certain surfaces, but not all, I'd say Pete Sampras is probably the biggest example that comes to mind. He won 14 majors, but not one of those was a victory at the French Open. His best result at the French was making the SemiFinals. This is said to be because clay slows down the points and Sampras' game was based around quick points (serve &amp;amp; volley). Sampras was capable of great clay court tennis from time to time but he was never able to string together 7 great matches in a row at the French Open. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T22:16:13.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4674" CreationDate="2014-06-03T11:02:11.470" Score="7" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If Player A - Does not leave the crease, Player B is out. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If both are out of the crease, the player &lt;strong&gt;closest to the opposite crease&lt;/strong&gt; is considered Not-Out or vice-versa and NOT the player &lt;strong&gt;arriving at crease first&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Example: Player A,B are out of the crease. Ball hits at B's crease, Player A is closest to the opposite crease; Player B is considered out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Run Outs come under &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 38 - Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="3737" LastEditDate="2014-06-03T11:24:55.570" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T11:24:55.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4633" CreationDate="2014-06-03T11:05:16.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is allowed,but after Umpire's consent (according to the law). But under the clothing, I don't think so. Helmets were allowed in a few cases (Dinesh Karthik, McGlashan).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fielders at forward short leg or any other fielding postion closest to the pitch often wear shin guards(non-cricket gear/generic sports gear).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While, other fielders use a thick layer of bandages/tapes on fingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 40- Wicket Keeper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 41- Fielder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T11:05:16.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2014-06-03T11:25:09.817" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I'm concerned it's not legal. Yes, switch hits are still OK.&#xA;A bowler with an unexpected sudden change of his action is likely to hurt a batsman. So the bowler must inform the umpire before doing that.&#xA;A batsman who switch sides can get hit by the ball too, but it's his choice and he has the permission to do that at his own risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3738" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T11:25:09.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4847" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4854" CreationDate="2014-06-03T13:06:44.707" Score="3" ViewCount="16011" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between a &lt;strong&gt;chinaman&lt;/strong&gt; bowler and a &lt;strong&gt;leg-spinner&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The trajectories and direction of both the deliveries are the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And why do they call it &lt;strong&gt;Left arm &lt;em&gt;unorthodox&lt;/em&gt; spin&lt;/strong&gt;? I can understand unorthodox but why just Left hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We all know Brad Hogg as a leg spinner. But &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Hogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; states him as a Chinaman Bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-04T04:31:40.870" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T17:23:03.853" Title="What is the difference between chinaman and regular leg spin?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4810" CreationDate="2014-06-03T18:06:13.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The first level of the pagoda:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The primary key to jumping is balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should start off by exactly NOT putting more weight on your back foot.  You should find (or make) a kicker that you can glide off of, and that has an appropriate landing transition [angle], whereby your balance is centered from beginning to end.  Groove on the same jump until you master it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't “jump” with your legs at the lip, as that disturbs your balance.  Lean how to modulate your entry speed to do that work for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you learn how to: start, fly, and land balanced – what speed and body position enables that – THEN you can start to learn to tweak those things for more stylish results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pagoda - second level:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like contact football, or mountain biking, or many-many sports – the hidden unspoken key to success is simply not getting hurt.  Learning how to fall is key – like Judo – and any snowboarder past the bunny slopes develops a sixth sense of this too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can do flips and all the crazy stuff as long as, A.) you have a proper landing transition such that you're not landing “to flat” - which is very dangerous, and B.) you reposition your body in the air, like a cat, such that when you do land badly, you don't hurt yourself.  C.) lots of powder helps too - which is a &quot;green light&quot; to try bigger hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, understanding in your head before the jump what is about to happen is everything.  When you really hurt yourself, in almost every case, you can trace it back to that decision you made beforehand to take the jump, when you knew deep down it was a ridiculously risky proposition to begin with.  Cultivate that inner “voice” as much or more than your balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above all, have fun grasshopper.  May the schnee be with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T18:06:13.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4847" CreationDate="2014-06-04T04:29:30.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the difference between a &lt;strong&gt;chinaman&lt;/strong&gt; bowler and a &lt;strong&gt;leg-spinner&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The trajectories and direction of both the deliveries are the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trajectories and direction of both deliveries are &lt;strong&gt;not same&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A leg spinner bowls &lt;strong&gt;right-arm&lt;/strong&gt; with a wrist spin action, causing the ball to spin from &lt;strong&gt;right to left&lt;/strong&gt; in the cricket pitch, at the point of delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Left-arm unorthodox spin bowlers (i.e. chinaman) use a wrist hand action to spin the ball which turns from &lt;strong&gt;off to leg side (i.e. left to right)&lt;/strong&gt; of the cricket pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;       Chinaman's delivery         vs         Leg spinner's delivery&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1yPe9.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Chinaman&amp;#39;s delivery&quot; title=&quot;Chinaman&amp;#39;s delivery&quot;&gt; vs &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eoqW9.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Leg spinner&amp;#39;s delivery&quot; title=&quot;Leg spinner&amp;#39;s delivery&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And why do they call it &lt;strong&gt;Left arm unorthodox spin&lt;/strong&gt;? I can understand unorthodox but why just Left hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is because very rare bowlers bowls this type of delivery. And this type of delivery first seen in 1933 which was bowled by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Achong&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elliss &quot;Puss&quot; Achong&lt;/a&gt; who was a left-arm &lt;strong&gt;orthodox&lt;/strong&gt; spinner. Since the ball he bowled was not orthodox for a left-arm spinner, it was called as &lt;strong&gt;unorthodox&lt;/strong&gt;. The story behind why such bowlers are called as &lt;em&gt;chinaman&lt;/em&gt; is given in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-arm_unorthodox_spin#Origin_of_the_term_chinaman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The name has its origins in a Test match played between the West Indies and England at Old Trafford, Manchester, in the year 1933. Elliss &quot;Puss&quot; Achong, &lt;strong&gt;a player of Chinese origin&lt;/strong&gt;, was a left-arm orthodox spinner, playing for the West Indies at the time. According to folklore, Achong is said to have had Walter Robins stumped off a surprise delivery &lt;strong&gt;that spun into the right-hander from outside the off stump&lt;/strong&gt;. As he walked back to the pavilion, Robins said to the umpire, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;fancy being done by a bloody Chinaman!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, leading to the popularity of the term in England, and subsequently, in the rest of the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We all know Brad Hogg as a leg spinner. But Wikipedia states him as a Chinaman Bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. Brad Hogg is &lt;strong&gt;not a leg spinner&lt;/strong&gt;. He is a chinaman(or Left are unorthodox spin) bowler as I have already described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T04:29:30.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3811" CreationDate="2014-06-04T12:32:08.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, only your reflex matters in improving block starts.  I suggest doing as many starts as you can, and having someone time you with a stopwatch. Try to be faster in leaving the blocks.  Being low initially helps in gaining speed, efficiently and swiftly leaving the blocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3745" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-04T14:55:19.360" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T14:55:19.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4856" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-04T14:40:56.613" Score="5" ViewCount="644" Body="&lt;p&gt;Martina Navrátilová is considered to be one of the greatest, if not the greatest woman's player of all time. At 5' 8&quot; in height, she is above average (for a woman) in this regard. But one opponent who has given her a lot of trouble over the years (when not her doubles partner) is Pam Shriver, who is much taller, at 6'0&quot;. Perhaps Shriver has advantages such as arm reach or power that Navrátilová lacks, partly compensating for Navrátilová's greater raw talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another small, scrappy men's player is Michael Chang, who was the youngest man to win the French open. Great things were predicted of him, but he lost other Grand Slam finals to men like Boris Becker, Patrick Rafter and Thomas Muster who are much taller than Chang's 5'8&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the setbacks of Chang (and to a lesser extent Navrátilová) attributable to &quot;size&quot; (or lack thereof), or to other non-size factors such as skill, stamina, strategy, etc.? Did anyone &quot;smaller&quot; than Pam Shriver do better against Navrátilová in match play? Was Chang ever beaten by anyone close to his size (5'9&quot; or shorter), or were all his defeats to much bigger men?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2014-07-07T08:19:16.907" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T08:19:16.907" Title="Does &quot;size matter&quot; in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4803" CreationDate="2014-06-04T15:44:05.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no particular reason for the exclusion of English players from the teams; if that were the case, they wouldn't have been up for auction which they clearly were.&#xA;Players like Alex Hales were up for auction and weren't bid on by the franchises.&#xA;There can be a number of reasons for this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Balance of the side, the fact that only four foreign players are allowed in a game. (Shaun Marsh had been prolific for KXIP but he was benched for the whole season)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unavailability of players. If you look at the teams, apart from big names like Malinga and Perera (big names in T20 atleast), there wasn't much Sri Lankan participation either. This was because of the recently concluded Sri Lanka-England ODI series.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a total of 8 teams, with 4 foreign players each, you have 32 international playing spots. Countries vying for these spots are 8 (excluding India and Zimbabwe and assuming only players from the top 10 ICC rankings are taken in the auction; Ryan ten Doeschate is an exception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8 countries, 32 spots. Australia have the Big Bash League which brings out T20 talent, and similarly West Indies does. There are numerous of examples of big names originating from these tournaments and making it big, but hardly any such examples from England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Indian franchises are more willing to spend their money on current International players and those whose performance they see in local T20 leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for KP, he is recently 'retired' and is a huge name with a reputation of clearing the boundary, hence, he was picked up.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Many other big names like Jayawardene and Sanga weren't picked up just like Hales.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see any official or discriminatory reason of any sort if that was a part of your query. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3747" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-06-04T16:35:14.163" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T16:35:14.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4856" CreationDate="2014-06-04T17:07:53.687" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you could make the argument that &quot;size matters&quot; in every sport - look at jockeys in horse racing, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I had to describe the ideal &quot;size&quot; for tennis players, I would say it is between about 6'1&quot; and 6'4&quot; and about 175-190 pounds. Tennis players need to be strong, but not bulky or too muscular to the point where it inhibits flexibility and speedy movement around the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantages that more height provides in tennis is on the serve - you can get better angles out wide and get more pace on the serve. Also at the net - you have greater reach. The drawbacks to being taller is that it tends to be harder for the really tall guys (Karlovic, Isner, etc.) to get to low balls and they tend not to have the fastest legs/feet so - their movement suffers a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Size (or the lack of) isn't always the reason for setbacks in tennis though. I'd hardly call Navrotilova's career one that had many setbacks - I think she was an overachiever, in fact. And for being a smaller guy - Chang made it to #2 in the world, won a major, and was on a winning Davis Cup team. A lot of players would like to have those achievements. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T17:07:53.687" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4709" CreationDate="2014-06-04T21:36:22.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;More likely what happened is that the shot had little to no spin on it at all. This is difficult to perfect and hit on target, and the flight mechanics are virtually identical to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuckleball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;knuckleball in baseball&lt;/a&gt;. It probably did not actually change spin, but instead jumped about in a way that the kicker could not have even predicted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3751" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T21:36:22.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4862" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-04T23:34:23.227" Score="3" ViewCount="2958" Body="&lt;p&gt;I observed players of different skills and I noticed that one repeating mistake is in the fact that it is hard to throw the ball straight up, I have the same mistake. When serving with the ball going straight up, serving becomes far more consistent (not hitting the net and not going over). I simplified the serving to the serve like in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pesäpallo&lt;/a&gt; (i.e. you go down in your feet while your hands are at the constant height, not to get the release of the ball in circular path so only trying to get vertical velocity). Now my couch said it does not look like tennis even though the shots became far more consistent. So: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to throw the ball straight up in tennis's serving?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:22:42.477" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:22:42.477" Title="How to throw ball straight up in tennis's serving?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-05T00:01:00.737" Score="5" ViewCount="2122" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Knuckleball in baseball is a ball without spin where the interaction with seams and the air fluids result into very sporadic flight paths that can change during the flight. I have observed knuckleball-like shots in tennis and shots where the ball changes direction after hitting the round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do you hit a shot without spin in tennis and is there anything equivalent to a knuckleball?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T01:38:10.990" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T01:38:10.990" Title="How do you hit a shot without spin in tennis and is there anything equivalent to a knuckleball?" Tags="|baseball|tennis|spin|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4823" CreationDate="2014-06-05T00:41:23.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I solved the pain in the first lumbrical by the following changes to my swing. My swing was diagnosed with two Pro coaches so I am confident about the swing getting far better now:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;tight grip where the thumb firmly aligned along the club (helps in backswing due to wrists so not getting any space between thumb and the club)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;club must point to the direction of the hit during the backswing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;backswing is done also by wrists so that the main hand is straight&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so the club won't wobble over the lumbrical 1st during the swing, the cause for the pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T00:47:17.523" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-06-05T00:41:23.107" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4866" CreationDate="2014-06-05T00:50:05.947" Score="4" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGMnuqKexG8&amp;amp;t=8m53s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video (8min53s)&lt;/a&gt; mentions that eyes are always at the contact point even during the follow-through, I understand this so that the video generalises the observation to all ball games. I instructed my friend in golf to follow the ball during his shot and his shot seemed to become better but this instruction to follow the contact point during the follow-though. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where are eyes supposed to be during the follow-through in ball games? Do the eyes follow the ball during shots or do they follow the contact point during the shots?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T01:22:34.487" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T04:10:11.817" Title="Eyes in the contact point during follow-through?" Tags="|football|technique|tennis|golf|follow-through|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4865" CreationDate="2014-06-05T01:20:22.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes, prolong the time on the contact point during the follow-through.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Follow-through is a repeating thing in ball games. Keeping your eyes on the contact point in the follow-through helps to keep you focused and determined during the shot, avoiding mistakes due to hesitance such as forgetting to look at the ball and looking too early to the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://darrengolsby.com/golf-swing-basics-keep-your-eyes-on-the-golf-golf-ball/3751&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Article supporting eyes on the contact-point during the follow-through&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;More than these physical effects, the recent observations tend to go&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;in favor of the mental benefits to control the head position and prolong the fixation of the contact zone to the entire duration of the follow-through.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fixation during the follow-through helps keep focus on the task at hand which leads to increased feeling and control.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Specifically, this control can impact the hitting response which in&#xA;  the past was believed to be out of control because of visual&#xA;  limitations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fixation helps to control both the emotions and thoughts reducing&#xA;  stress and anxiety, therefore increases self-confidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T01:20:22.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7005" CreationDate="2014-06-05T01:29:08.957" Score="4" ViewCount="4080" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tiger Woods has promoted swinging with a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-instruction/short-game/chipping/tiger_tips_gd0908&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;high follow-through&lt;/a&gt; and a &quot;fuller finish&quot; to hit a high shot. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGoxVZv6Wxk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video example&lt;/a&gt; of Woods hitting a full shot from the fairway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nEoZM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;High follow through&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, he &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-instruction/mental-game/tigertip_0806&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;abbreviates his follow-through&lt;/a&gt; and finish to hit a low shot, in which he refers to as his &quot;stinger.&quot; Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuL4LitqIOo#t=133&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video example&lt;/a&gt; of Woods hitting a low shot under the trees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/v6XIb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Abbreviated follow through&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does a golfer's follow through affect a golf ball's flight?&lt;/strong&gt; Does follow through also dictate/promote drawing/fading the golf ball, and if so, how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T23:24:18.513" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T20:21:19.563" Title="How does a golfer's follow through affect a golf ball's flight?" Tags="|technique|golf|follow-through|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4868" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-05T01:31:09.207" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about following through, a technique employed after the execution of an action. Some examples of follow through are continuing swinging in baseball once the bat has made contact with the ball, similarly with stick and puck in hockey, and the forward motion of leg when kicking a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:02:57.097" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:02:57.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4869" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-05T01:31:09.207" Score="0" Body="Questions about following through, a technique employed after the execution of an action." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T01:31:09.207" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T01:31:09.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4863" CreationDate="2014-06-05T03:48:53.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no way to hit a &quot;knuckle ball&quot; type shot in tennis - &lt;strong&gt;on purpose&lt;/strong&gt;, at least. I've seen it happen very rarely after someone hits the ball with their frame or some part of their racquet other than the strings but I've never known or heard of anyone hit that kind of shot off their strings. The very nature of putting the strings against the ball is going to cause the ball to spin a certain way. Pretty much every shot in tennis has some kind of spin on it - the serve, ground strokes (both topspin and slice), volleys, drop shots, etc. They all have spin. It is not really something to try and get good at anyway, because it would mean the easiest kind of shot possible for your opponent to return (a ball with no spin poses no challenges to the player trying to hit the ball, unlike a ball with a certain amount of spin/pace).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shots where the ball changes direction after hitting the ground is when the player hits a slice and puts a sideways spin on the ball so that after it hits the ground, it will go in the direction of the spin. Most experienced players are able to tell what kind of spin was hit on the ball and can position themselves accordingly so they are standing in the right spot to return that kind of shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T03:48:53.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4862" CreationDate="2014-06-05T03:57:59.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you probably know - one of the most important things about your serve in tennis is a consistent toss. One that produces the ball following the same height and trajectory each time. You can even just practice your toss by itself, without actually hitting the ball (you might have done this). The goal should be that the ball lands between a foot or two inside the baseline if you let it drop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to do in order to have a consistent toss is to pay attention to the position of your hand relative to your shoulder when you let go of the ball. You want to let go and toss the ball into the air when your hand is level with your shoulder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you let go of the ball before your hand is level with your shoulder, you are likely to have a toss that does not go high enough and that goes too far forward into the court. If you let go of the ball too late (when your hand is above your shoulder) you are likely to have the ball go too far back behind your head which will lead to you hitting the serve long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you pay attention to those things and practice your toss by itself, it should improve. Keep in mind that a good serve can take a lot (thousands) of serves. Whenever I try to work on mine I take a basket of balls to the court with me so I can practice the motion repeatedly and focus on my service motion without worrying about having to pick up balls very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T03:57:59.297" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4874" CreationDate="2014-06-05T09:02:36.657" Score="0" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the &lt;strong&gt;Power Play&lt;/strong&gt; rule introduced in limited overs cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T09:44:29.790" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T13:55:04.357" Title="When was the power play rule introduced in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4876" CreationDate="2014-06-05T09:17:17.640" Score="3" ViewCount="2094" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the batsman hit the ball after the ball crossed the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T12:34:52.970" Title="Can batsman hit the ball after the ball cross the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4872" CreationDate="2014-06-05T09:43:39.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerplay_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; the powerplay rule was introduces in ODI in 1980 in Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1980-81/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;series archives in 1980s&lt;/a&gt;, only ODI series in Australia was &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1980-81/OD_TOURNEYS/WSC/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Series Cricket&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T09:43:39.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4878" CreationDate="2014-06-05T11:01:27.310" Score="4" ViewCount="695" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1006/630&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; mentions this rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Lower score than you actually shot will disqualify you&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have friends who boost by their 20, 30 and 40 handicaps but their performance with me is far poorer such as in the range of 50 -- so 10-30 shots poorer than they are supposed to be. I cannot understand this: it is not motivational particularly when they become angry to unrelated things such as other golfers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When a golfer gets a far worse result than their handicap, what should happen to their handicap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does it get lower and what does the disqualification mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:23:48.967" Title="&quot;Lower score than you actually shot will disqualify you&quot; in Golf? What does this mean?" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4873" CreationDate="2014-06-05T11:50:36.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is allowed. There is no rule for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brad Haddin once(two times same match) did this on a free hit. Just because you can't get bowled on a free hit and you get more time when you play after the ball passes the stumps.- &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4qaGiWt-bo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Video Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has hardly happened in International cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes Upper cuts, unintentionally are hit after the ball crosses the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="3737" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T12:34:52.970" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T12:34:52.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4875" CreationDate="2014-06-05T13:42:21.823" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a golfer gets a far worse result than their handicap, what should&#xA;  happen to their handicap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His handicap should increase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The handicap is calculated by taking a golfer's score for the past ten rounds, calculate an average score, and depending on what par is, subtract the average score by par and there's your handicap. The term &quot;scratch golfer&quot; is given to those who average par or better over ten rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, here are the last ten example rounds for an example golfer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;92-92-92-92-92-92-92-92-92-92 = 920. 920/10 = 92.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If par is 72, then 92-72 = 20. This golfer would have a 20 handicap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, assume this golfer's next round was a 112 (ie, &quot;When a golfer gets a far worse result than their handicap&quot;), then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;92-92-92-92-92-92-92-92-92-112 = 940. 940/10 = 94.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If par is 72, then 94-72 = 22. This golfer would now have a 22 handicap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does it get lower? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As shown above, no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What does the disqualification mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe your interpretation of the statement in context is misconstrued. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if you shot a 90 but write down that you shot an 89, then you would be disqualified (given you're playing in a sanctioned tournament) for submitting a scorecard with a lower score than actually shot. If you write down that you shot a 91, the 91 would stand as signed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 6.6d of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Rules-of-Golf/Rule-06/&quot;&gt;USGA Rules of Golf&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.randa.org/en/Rules-and-Amateur-Status/Rules-of-Golf.aspx#/rules/?ruleNum=6&quot;&gt;R&amp;amp;A Rules of Golf&lt;/a&gt; addresses this (verbiage from the USGA Rules of Golf):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d. Wrong Score for Hole&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The competitor is responsible for the correctness of the score&#xA;  recorded for each hole on his score card. &lt;strong&gt;If he returns a score for&#xA;  any hole lower than actually taken, he is disqualified.&lt;/strong&gt; If he returns&#xA;  a score for any hole higher than actually taken, the score as returned&#xA;  stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T21:23:48.967" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:23:48.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-05T16:44:30.223" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last year, the Oakland A's traded Grant Green to the Los Angeles As for Alberto Collaspo. Both had similar statistics (as of 2013), and both can play second base. (Collaspo has since been moved to first, where he is a &quot;light hitter&quot; for his position with a batting average below .250.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oakland's general manager, Billy Beane has been known for (generally) getting the better of such trades. In Collaspo's case, he has a &quot;feature&quot; that the As prize; he strikes out at a lower rate (something like once per eleven innings) than anyone else in the majors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Moneyball,&quot; Michael Lewis pointed out that the strikeout was the &quot;worst&quot; possible way to get an out (with the possible exception of the double play). So not striking out appears to be worth something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly are the advantages of having low strikeouts, compared to other ways of making an out? To what extent would Callaspo's lower strikout/higher contact rate than others make up for his low batting average?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T16:45:11.747" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T19:59:34.000" Title="Why do the Oakland As value a low strikeout rate?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4879" CreationDate="2014-06-05T17:48:55.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A low strikeout rate is valued because when the ball &quot;goes into play&quot;, good things can happen. Perhaps the other team won't field the ball cleanly (or make an error) and you'll get on base. Or maybe if you're selective about what you swing at, you'll get walked. The A's have the highest run differential of any team this year by quite a margin - it's roughly twice that of the next team. That doesn't happen by luck - it comes from wanting to get on base no matter how it happens because getting on base more leads to more runs scored. And if you strikeout, there is no way to get on base and eventually score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of Callaspo it's more than just the low strikeout rate - he's also a switch hitter which gives him a good righty/lefty matchup at the plate. Grant Green is/was not a switch hitter. The A's love having switch hitting batters in their lineup. They also have switch hitters in Coco Crisp, Jed Lowrie and Nick Punto as well as right and left handed batting platoon spots at catcher with John Jaso (LH) and Derrick Norris (RH) and options in the outfield (Reddick) and at DH (Brandon Moss/Darric Barton). So the A's starting lineup will change depending on whether a right or left handed pitcher is starting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case you're wondering, the A's are my team. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T19:59:34.000" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T19:59:34.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-05T19:42:39.463" Score="20" ViewCount="69606" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the rule for the ranking of the teams in the Group Stage of the World Cup, from Article 41 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_update_e_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Regulations, 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ranking of each team in each group shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain me what &lt;strong&gt;&quot;between the teams concerned&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means in item d), e), f) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3754" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T18:44:34.950" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T18:44:34.950" Title="FIFA World Cup 2014 Tie Breaker Rules: &quot;Between the teams concerned&quot;?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4881" CreationDate="2014-06-05T20:04:22.620" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If, after ranking the teams based on the criteria described in A, B and C, there still &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt; two teams that are equal (i.e., there is no distinct winner of the group yet), those teams then need to be compared further to determine the top team in the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;Team 1, Team 2, Team 3, Team 4 are in a group,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the group stage finishes, you evaluate all four teams against A, B and C. If the criteria of those three rules has not determined &lt;em&gt;a single group winner&lt;/em&gt; -- say Team 1 and Team 2 are tied based on A, B and C's criteria -- then the teams (Team 1 and 2, referred to as the &lt;strong&gt;teams concerned&lt;/strong&gt;) need to be further evaluated by d, then E, then f, then g, if necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T15:08:10.280" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T15:08:10.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4875" CreationDate="2014-06-05T20:52:35.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase means that if you record a &quot;lower&quot; (better) score than you actually shot, that will disqualify you from the tournament, because it is really a form of cheating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are some tournaments that will disqualify people for recording &quot;higher&quot; (worse) scores, because of &quot;inaccuracy,&quot; and its implication for future handicapping, but in general, a wrong record one way is viewed much more dimly than a wrong record the other way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T20:52:35.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4881" CreationDate="2014-06-05T21:00:59.270" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This rule concerns how the teams are ranked after the Group Stage (Round of 32) is done, determining which teams move on to the Round of 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In each group, there are four teams.  During the Group Stage, each team plays the other three teams in their group.  For these three matches, each team is awarded 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss.  After the Group Stage is over, the four teams in each group are ranked according to how many points they accumulated over the three matches.  (This is criteria A in the rule you cited.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a tie after this ranking, criteria B and C are used, using the statistics from ALL three group matches that each team played in determining the rank order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is still a tie after criteria C is applied, criteria D, E, and F are used.  &lt;strong&gt;The difference between these three criteria and criteria A, B, and C is that with D, E, and F, the only match(es) you look at is the match between the teams that are still tied.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the ranking in each group is figured out, the top two teams in each group move on to the Round of 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T17:48:54.633" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T17:48:54.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5788" CreationDate="2014-06-06T00:39:21.207" Score="5" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a reversal of a referee's decision to stop a boxing match?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watch this specific bout, shown in &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/blnxDY1sdBU?t=1m56s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; clip, the man knocked down isn't even allowed to come to his feet, and as soon as the ref stops the fight starts trying to tell the ref he's fine. From what we can see, his eyes look straight, and he ends up getting up looking fine. The ref didn't even make it to 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get that it would be unlikely for an outside person to over-rule a match ref, but can the ref himself do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3755" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T12:48:45.853" Title="Has a bout stopped during a count ever been reversed?" Tags="|rules|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4693" CreationDate="2014-06-06T14:01:04.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do this drill all the time in my hockey league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you think about a normal NHL style break out, the center usually takes the puck up ice, breaks the offensive zone, and then passes the puck to the trailing / waiting winger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This exercise (though only being half the rink) is simulating that same play I mentioned above. It is simulating the center (in your case the player with the puck) entering the zone and passing it immediately to the winger (in your case the player without the puck).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this is simulating the well known &quot;breakout&quot; in hockey where the center skates in, breaks into the offensive zone and then passes the puck, in your scenario...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The person with the puck should cross over and enter the zone first&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The center should then pass the puck to the trailing winger&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The center should then rush the net&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The winger should either shoot the puck or look for a cross crease pass directed towards the center (Not in your scenario but maybe something to take up with your coach)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="752" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T14:01:04.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4894" CreationDate="2014-06-06T16:06:30.397" Score="1" ViewCount="10810" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which country has the most international cricket grounds? How many cricket grounds do they have?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T16:36:35.957" LastActivityDate="2015-05-05T03:42:07.143" Title="Which country has the most international cricket grounds?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4890" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4895" CreationDate="2014-06-06T16:20:05.780" Score="3" ViewCount="8340" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is a bowler's &lt;strong&gt;average&lt;/strong&gt; calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30176.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Anil Kumble&lt;/a&gt;'s test-match bowling average is 29.65. What does this number mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T15:08:02.783" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T15:08:02.783" Title="How is a bowler's average calculated?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4893" CreationDate="2014-06-06T19:59:35.070" Score="7" ViewCount="8263" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the specifications, the FIFA World Cup football needs to have?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for weight, size, flight and possibly more info?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T04:50:30.147" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T14:56:52.790" Title="What kind of ball is used in the FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|equipment|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4892" CreationDate="2014-06-06T20:52:38.530" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA regulations on the ball are found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA 2014/2015 Laws of the Game (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;, Law 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;LAW 2 - THE BALL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Qualities and measurements&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;spherical  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;made of leather or other suitable material&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less than &#xA;  68 cm (27 ins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not more than 450 g (16 oz) and not less than 410 g (14 oz) in weight at &#xA;  the start of the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1,100 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;  ) at sea &#xA;  level (8.5 lbs/sq in – 15.6 lbs/sq in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the general regulations for any ball, whether or not it is used in the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3599/1723&quot;&gt;as is the case with every World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, they have developed a new ball to be used in this year's 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.  It is the Adidas Brazuca:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YFEar.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Adidas Brazuca&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specifications for the Adidas Brazuca are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Six polyurethane panels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;437 grams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;69 cm circumference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0.2% water absorption&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;141 cm rebound&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7% loss of pressure&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gizmodo.com/viva-brazuca-taking-the-2014-world-cup-game-ball-for-a-1475887755&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gizmodo: Viva Brazuca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2641897/The-science-Brazuca-World-Cup-2014-ball-set-surpass-Jabilani.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daily Mail: The Science Behind the 'Brazuca'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T14:56:52.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4889" CreationDate="2014-06-07T04:02:38.740" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;India&lt;/strong&gt; has the most international cricket grounds. It's &lt;strong&gt;49&lt;/strong&gt;! And that is more than double than the second highest(23)! Here is the list of numbers of international cricket grounds of Test playing country:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;| COUNTRY      | GROUNDS |&#xA;|--------------|---------|&#xA;| Australia    |      19 |&#xA;| Bangladesh   |       8 |&#xA;| England      |      23 |&#xA;| India        |      49 |&#xA;| New Zealand  |      16 |&#xA;| Pakistan     |      20 |&#xA;| South Africa |      16 |&#xA;| Sri Lanka    |      10 |&#xA;| West Indies  |      15 |&#xA;| Zimbabwe     |       4 |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/index.html&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt; (I have counted manually.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T04:02:38.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4890" CreationDate="2014-06-07T04:37:29.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bowling average = total given runs / wickets taken by bowler&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take an example of Anil Kumble. He has taken 619 wickets and given 18355 runs in Test. So his bowling average = 18355 / 619 = 29.65.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bowling average indicates the number of runs given by a bowler to take a wicket. So Anil Kumble gave 29.65 runs for every single wicket in Test.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T04:37:29.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4896" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4908" CreationDate="2014-06-07T15:22:22.243" Score="2" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who decides the match venue of One Day International cricket matches: ICC or the Country cricket boards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T05:23:21.590" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T05:23:21.590" Title="Who decides the venue for ODI matches?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4828" CreationDate="2014-06-08T04:14:00.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at stats from the 2013...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Richard Sherman had &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/stats/player?seasonId=2013&amp;amp;seasonType=REG&amp;amp;Submit=Go&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8 interceptions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The leader in fumbles recovered was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamrankings.com/nfl/player-stat/fumbles-recovered-lost-by-opposition&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mychal Kendricks&lt;/a&gt; with 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The leader in forced fumbles was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamrankings.com/nfl/player-stat/defense-forced-fumbles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Robert Mathis&lt;/a&gt; with 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is tough to track because interceptions are a turnover, where forced fumbles &lt;strong&gt;may not&lt;/strong&gt; be a turnover.  I cannot find stats on individual turnovers created.  There are team turnover differentials, but not stats for an individual (or position).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would conclude that defensive backs, and more specifically corner backs create the most turnovers based on the stats available.  Especially in today's NFL which is a passing league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T04:14:00.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4899" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4900" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T04:38:59.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4901" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-08T07:11:08.690" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a set of NBA matches (both regular and playoffs) and their dates and I need to determine which season they belong to. I was thinking of having an interval for each season that the matches are guaranteed to be between, but I don't know what that would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3550" LastActivityDate="2014-09-08T20:21:00.843" Title="What dates are NBA matches guaranteed to be between?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4447" CreationDate="2014-06-08T11:31:52.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;Not sure about ODI matches&lt;/s&gt; but in T20I match it is allowed to use nicknames. Here is a photo of a T20I match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/291356.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australia and India&lt;/a&gt; played at Melbourne on 1st Feb. 2008. In this match, IIRC all Aussie players used their nicknames instead of surnames e.g. Brett Lee used &lt;em&gt;Binga&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;Lee&lt;/em&gt;, Michael Clarke used &lt;em&gt;Pup&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;Clarke&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K5Aa4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again this may be allowed only in bilateral series and not in big tournaments like World T20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Edit:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ODIs too it is allowed to use nicknames on jersey. Parvez Rasool in his debut match against Bangladesh used &amp;quot;Parry&amp;quot; on his jersey. And some comments regarding this was posted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2014/engine/match/744679.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;See Bangladesh's innings' commentary after 24.4 overs&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;It may well be a storm in a teacup but am not a big fan of using shortened names or nicknames in your T-shirt when you are representing your country - &lt;strong&gt;the case in question being Parvez Rasool's t-shirt carrying the name Parry&lt;/strong&gt;. &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T04:16:57.820" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4905" CreationDate="2014-06-08T18:15:02.043" Score="2" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say a team has a 1 man power play with 1 minute left, and they then draw another penalty, should they immediately give the puck to the other team for a 5-on-3 power play or pull the goalie for a 6-on-4 and a 2 minute PP when they lose the puck?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T23:05:27.007" Title="What is the best strategy in ice hockey when drawing a penalty on a PP?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4904" CreationDate="2014-06-08T23:05:27.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The majority of the time it is a better plan to draw the penalty then immediately get the 5 on three. This situation actually just came up one the Blackhawks vs Kings games for the Semi Finals of the Stanley Cup. One of the Hawks forwards drew a second penalty in the offensive zone. They pulled the goalie and tried the 4 on 6 for about 25 seconds but had nowhere to go with the puck. Unless an obvious opportunity presented itself, such as one of the King's defensemen was without a stick, it would have been better for them to get the 5 on 3. It gives the primary PP forwards a chance to rest, regroup, and decide how to proceed on the play and hopefully convert.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T23:05:27.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4907" CreationDate="2014-06-09T01:34:08.917" Score="1" ViewCount="1888" Body="&lt;p&gt;My grip size is 12cm 4 6/8 and I have a racket 4 3/8 with overgrip i.e. 4 4/8. It is not fit enough and getting some pain with it. I want to increase its size by 1/8 inches but which kind of Heat-shrink sleeve should I use? Can I buy it from any warehouse store or does it need to be tennis-specific? What kind of features are required from the heat-shrink sleeve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RcXas.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;P.s. the picture is a little bit misleading but when I press the ruler to my hand: the distance from the top of my ring finger to the second crease is 12cm.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T04:14:12.050" Title="Which features are required from a heat-shrink sleeve for a tennis racket?" Tags="|tennis|racket|grip|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4906" CreationDate="2014-06-09T04:14:12.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I generally don't recommend a heat-shrink sleeve because it's a rather &quot;permanent&quot; solution to your problem. If you find that the heat-shrink sleeve doesn't solve your problem you're out the cost of the heat-shrink plus the time and energy it takes to get it on/off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, just try adding a second overgrip - you can put the second overgrip either under the replacement grip (directly against the grip pallet of your racquet) or just wrap two overgrips around (on top of) the replacement grip. I would give that a try first before going to the heat-shrink sleeve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T04:14:12.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4896" CreationDate="2014-06-09T06:52:13.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The cricket board of the country which is hosting the series, will discuss with the local cricket boards to decide the venues for the matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can refer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/west-indies-cricket-boards-to-decision-pull-out-guyana-as-venue-condemned-145280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt; for reference, that the cricket board of West indies made the venue decision for the ongoing test against NewZealand.(same for ODIs too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also refer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/news-list/2013/9/11/ca-announce-2014-15-test-venues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, that the cricket board of Australia made decisions about the venues for the matches which they are going to host on 2014/15. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T06:58:43.530" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T06:58:43.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4901" CreationDate="2014-06-09T14:13:22.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are just looking to determine which year a match belongs to, there are never any NBA games in July, August, or September.  August 1 would be a safe date to pick as the cutoff between seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to determine whether a match is a regular season game or a playoff game, the dates are different every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Basketball-reference.com&lt;/a&gt; has a complete listing of every game, going all the way back to the 1946-47 season of the Basketball Association of America, the former name of the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA &amp;amp; ABA League Index&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a list of every season of the NBA and ABA.  Click on the year of the season you are interested in.  Then click on the &quot;Schedule &amp;amp; Results&quot; tab to see the list of every regular season and post-season game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1971_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1970-71&lt;/a&gt; season began on Tuesday, October 13, 1970.  The last regular season game was Tuesday, March 23, 1971.  The playoffs began on Wednedsay, March 24, 1971 and ended when the Milwaukee Bucks beat the Baltimore Bullets on Friday, April 30, 1971, with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kareem Abdul-Jabbar&lt;/a&gt; as the MVP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-08T20:21:00.843" LastActivityDate="2014-09-08T20:21:00.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4911" CreationDate="2014-06-09T14:31:02.653" Score="2" ViewCount="14274" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's kind of rare, but I've heard that it is possible to &quot;relieve&quot; a pitcher without removing him from the game--by making him a position player such as an outfielder, or first baseman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the position player leaves, the pitcher replaces him, and a relief pitcher comes in to pitch to at least one batter. Following this, the original pitcher can return to the mound and resume pitching, while a new position player replaces the former one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose your &quot;outfielder&quot; happens to be Nick Swisher, or even the Pittsburgh Pirates' JB Shuck, who can pitch at least part of an inning. So can the pitcher and outfielder switch places, the outfielder finishes the inning, and the pitcher resumes the following inning with the outfielder going back to his original post?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can this happen? (I was told that at least the outfielder needed to be replaced in this sequence.) And are clubs beginning to experiment with &quot;swing men,&quot; position players who can pitch &quot;strategically?&quot; (The Pirates' Harrison got the last out in a game the team was losing by 10 points, thereby sparing a reliever.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2019-05-01T23:51:31.507" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T23:51:31.507" Title="What is the protocol for switching a pitcher between positions?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4910" CreationDate="2014-06-09T15:51:48.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, players on the field may switch positions while the ball is dead during an inning.  A pitcher could switch with an outfielder and then switch back for the next batter.  The only difference between switching between a pitcher and a position player is that a pitcher must face a batter (unless he becomes injured during the at bat).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the outfielder could come in to pitch and the pitcher could go to the outfield.  The next batter, or next inning they could switch back.  There is no required substitution in this situation.  It often happens late in games with limited bench players renaming.  A left handed pitcher may be brought in to face one batter, and instead of burning an extra pitcher in the process, the current pitcher is placed in the outfield for a batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This scenario happened to the Atlanta Braves.  You can see in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ATL/ATL200804030.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt;, Chris Resop (a pitcher) comes in to pitch, then moves to left field, and then back to pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your question about &quot;swing men&quot;, the basic answer is no.  There are many position players with good arms.  There are many problems with this though.  First of all it takes a lot of time and practice to even make it to the big leagues.  This is spent on hitting or pitching, and not both.  A position player may be able to throw as hard or harder than some pitchers, but it does not mean he can throw strikes, locate pitches, hold runners, etc.  Some players that struggle hitting in the big leagues will go back to the minor leagues and convert to a pitcher.  This again takes time to perfect.  The other issue with &quot;swing men&quot; is that there is an organization of 100+ players, and to have a position player that is better than those pitchers is pretty rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;swing players&quot; you refer to would be called a two way player in baseball.  In college baseball it is much more common.  The players may also DH for them selves as they pitch (a quirky NCAA rule).  The award for that specialty player is called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.collegebaseballhall.org/john_olerud.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;John Olerud Award&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most sports, the lower (or younger) levels are dominated on mostly by talent.  Once the highest levels are reached, most players are very talented and the players that work the hardest and train the hardest will be the most successful.  If is hard to out work and out train two different groups of players at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last comment, position players will come in to pitch in blow out games some times.  This is usually just to save the innings and pitch count number for the relief pitchers in the bullpen over the course of the season.  These guys are not seen as two way players, even if they pitched in college or high school.  They are simply position players pitching in blow outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/news/2000/08/22/braves_rockies_ap/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;A position player getting the win in extra innings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T15:51:48.753" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4913" CreationDate="2014-06-09T16:43:06.937" Score="4" ViewCount="2870" Body="&lt;p&gt;Johnny Manziel was drafted by the San Diego Padres in the 28th round of the 2014 MLB Draft as a shortstop&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000356655/article/johnny-manziel-drafted-by-padres-in-28th-round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. However, Manziel is better known as a quarterback, currently of the Cleveland Browns, drafted 22nd overall in the 2014 NFL Draft, and formerly of the Texas A&amp;amp;M Aggies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that there is a process to declare for the NFL Draft&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3973&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;What are the guidelines for declaring for the MLB Draft?&lt;/strong&gt; What is the rationale of drafting players already established in other professional sports (eg, Russell Wilson drafted by the Rangers months before winning Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seattle Seahawks&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/eye-on-baseball/24373078/rangers-select-seahawks-qb-russell-wilson-in-rule-5-draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T14:14:22.757" Title="What are the guidelines for declaring for the MLB Draft?" Tags="|rules|mlb|draft|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4912" CreationDate="2014-06-09T18:40:01.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that you don't have to declare your intentions to enter the draft. There are certain stipulations in regards to eligibility, though. For example, you can be drafted when you graduate high-school, but if you enter a four-year college, you won't be eligible until your junior year (or any year if you attend a two-year university or are 21+)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/draftday/rules.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Manziel was a redshirt-sophomore, meaning that he would have been a junior, academically, and therefore was eligible for the draft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to what the rational would be for drafting players that are more than likely not to sign: It's probably for publicity as no 837th pick has every played in an MLB game. The Padres GM was quoted as saying, &quot;It was kind of, 'Why not?'&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/11048210/johnny-manziel-drafted-san-diego-padres-28th-round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4768" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T18:40:01.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4936" CreationDate="2014-06-09T18:42:50.203" Score="6" ViewCount="1465" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a footballer attempts a deliberate back pass to the goalkeeper, and it hits off the post or crossbar, and the goalkeeper uses his or her hands to save it on or about the line: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, is the pass back infringement still valid? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If so, does an indirect kick come from the spot the line where the keeper handled the ball, or does this necessitate a penalty?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T18:56:40.700" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T03:52:14.510" Title="Deliberate back pass saved off the post" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4915" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-09T19:46:13.050" Score="4" ViewCount="762" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that only games 1,2,5,6 &amp;amp; 7 of the Stanley Cup Finals are on NBC while games 3 &amp;amp; 4 are relegated to NBC Sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wanting to watch the game tonight (6/9) and Wednesday (6/11) but I don't have cable. I seems weird that the 2 home games in NY would be put on a channel that most people don't get or don't know they have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3377" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-26T07:07:05.537" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T17:00:24.520" Title="Why are the Stanley Cup Finals on NBC Sports and not NBC?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|media|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4914" CreationDate="2014-06-09T19:46:47.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I cannot answer the first part of your question with exact certainty, if the ruling is in fact that there was a pass back infringement, the indirect free kick is to be taken at least 6 yards back from the goal line, parallel to the goal line, nearest the infringement (assuming the keeper handled the ball inside the goal area)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290870.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(FIFA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Not knowing the rule for sure, as a referee, I would call the infringement, because a shot that hits the post / crossbar and then is fielded by an offensive player who was in an offsides position at the time of the shot is still offsides (meaning that the act of the ball hitting the post / crossbar does not change the fact that the next player to touch the ball was offsides).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4768" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T19:46:47.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4930" CreationDate="2014-06-09T21:23:41.900" Score="6" ViewCount="760" Body="&lt;p&gt;What qualifies you to fence in a wheelchair competition? I am wondering because of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evyXFR8WHH4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; from the Paralympic games 2012, where the two opponents walk around quite a bit and only use their wheelchair while fencing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4769" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T15:48:20.170" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T15:48:20.170" Title="Does one have to be disabled to participate in wheelchair fencing?" Tags="|rules|participation|fencing|paralympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4910" CreationDate="2014-06-09T23:41:09.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can happen - Whitey Herzog used to do this every so often in the 1980s to stash a pitcher while some specialist pitched to a batter or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It isn't prevalent because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It puts a bad fielder in the field and a worse hitter at bat for your&#xA;original outfielder. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It burns up a relief pitcher once you switch&#xA;back.  And there just aren't that many bench players on a team to do&#xA;this very often per game. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most often when your pitcher needs replacing, he's done for the day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a regular position player can pitch, he becomes a full-time pitcher. Aside from novelty appearances, a non pitcher pitching gets blown out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T23:41:09.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4919" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4927" CreationDate="2014-06-10T03:00:58.033" Score="4" ViewCount="28613" Body="&lt;p&gt;After their win on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201406090NYR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;June 9, 2014&lt;/a&gt;, the LA Kings are one game away from winning the Stanley Cup. If they win their next game, they will sweep the NY Rangers to win the Stanley Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the adoption of the seven-game series in 1939, how many times has a 4 game sweep occurred during the Stanley Cup finals? Please list the team and the year of accomplishment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-02T20:26:22.910" LastActivityDate="2022-05-17T19:33:38.097" Title="How many times has a 4 game sweep occurred during the Stanley Cup finals?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4920" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4928" CreationDate="2014-06-10T03:35:40.740" Score="3" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal to block the ball on the opponent's side? That it, the stricken ball reaches my hands before it reaches the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4770" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T03:54:46.177" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T14:43:02.883" Title="Can I block on the opponent's side?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4919" CreationDate="2014-06-10T03:58:50.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here ya go!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Year       Winning Team       Losing Team&#xA;1998    Detroit Red Wings   Washington Capitals&#xA;1997    Detroit Red Wings   Philadelphia Flyers&#xA;1996    Colorado Avalanche  Florida Panthers&#xA;1995    New Jersey Devils   Detroit Red Wings&#xA;1992    Pittsburgh Penguins Chicago Blackhawks&#xA;1988    Edmonton Oilers     Boston Bruins&#xA;1983    New York Islanders  Edmonton Oilers&#xA;1982    New York Islanders  Vancouver Canucks&#xA;1977    Montreal Canadiens  Boston Bruins&#xA;1976    Montreal Canadiens  Philadelphia Flyers&#xA;1970    Boston Bruins           St. Louis Blues&#xA;1969    Montreal Canadiens  St. Louis Blues&#xA;1968    Montreal Canadiens  St. Louis Blues&#xA;1960    Montreal Canadiens  Toronto Maple Leafs&#xA;1952    Detroit Red Wings   Montreal Canadiens&#xA;1949    Toronto Maple Leafs Detroit Red Wings&#xA;1948    Toronto Maple Leafs Detroit Red Wings&#xA;1944    Montreal Canadiens  Chicago Black Hawks&#xA;1943    Detroit Red Wings   Boston Bruins&#xA;1941    Boston Bruins       Detroit Red Wings&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4771" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T03:58:50.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4922" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-10T04:03:48.300" Score="2" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading an interview of Luis Suarez and it made me think...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do players share secrets, weaknesses of other players whom they played with at club level, when they go head to head in international level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in this FIFA world cup, there are many players who are of different nations, but  play in the same club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Won't the club manager be concerned about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T05:10:32.657" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T15:42:14.830" Title="Do players share strategies/weaknesses of other players who were their team members" Tags="|football|strategy|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7305" CreationDate="2014-06-10T09:28:45.840" Score="5" ViewCount="1759" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to clarify the below two things about the former South African Test Captain Hashim Amla.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He is being fined 500$ per month for not wearing Castle Logo in his    jersey.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He was fasting during his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-south-africa-2012/content/story/573524.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;triple century&lt;/a&gt; against England.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know whether these two things are true or not. I need reliable references in the answer, since different sites reveal different things about the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T13:57:48.907" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T13:57:48.907" Title="Has Hashim Amla's religion directly affected his finances or game?" Tags="|cricket|history|finances|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4919" CreationDate="2014-06-10T14:27:40.543" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been 20 Stanley Cup finals sweeps. The list below is also available in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4921&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, at &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20130503105854/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/feature/?id=5844&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;TSN&lt;/a&gt;, or any respected source that tracks NHL statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Winning Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Losing Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1998&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Washington Capitals&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1997&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Philadelphia Flyers&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1996&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Colorado Avalanche&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Florida Panthers&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1995&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;New Jersey Devils&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Pittsburgh Penguins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chicago Blackhawks&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Edmonton Oilers&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1983&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;New York Islanders&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Edmonton Oilers&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1982&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;New York Islanders&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Vancouver Canucks&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1977&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Philadelphia Flyers&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1970&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;St. Louis Blues&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1969&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;St. Louis Blues&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;St. Louis Blues&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1949&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1944&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chicago Black Hawks&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1943&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1941&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Detroit Red Wings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="3527" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-05-17T19:33:38.097" LastActivityDate="2022-05-17T19:33:38.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4920" CreationDate="2014-06-10T14:31:11.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the blocker can reach over the net to block the ball.  However, blockers are not allowed to interfere with an opponent's play.  Essentially, this means that the blocker is not allowed to touch the ball until an opponent has made an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules on blocks are found in Chapter 14 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules&lt;/a&gt;, which are the rules used in Olympic play.  Section 14.3 covers Blocking Within the Opponent's Space:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the &#xA;  net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s &#xA;  play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an &#xA;  opponent has executed an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T14:43:02.883" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T14:43:02.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4922" CreationDate="2014-06-10T15:42:14.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On an individual level Suarez of course is aware of the weaknesses of England's Glen Johnson as they probably play each other all the time in Liverpool's training ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is probably also aware of, at some level, how best to defend against one of Raheem Stirlings runs into the box. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Uruguay's coach has almost certainly analysed the two England players as well, as have several thousand football pundits around the world. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So whether he discusses his insight with others or not is somewhat immaterial and I don't see how this knowledge would give his team a better chance of wining against England, nor do I see how this could be of concern to Brendan Rodgers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Son't forget that these players will not exhibit the same behaviors playing for England as they do for Liverpool - that is down to the managers and coaches in the respective international teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I think would be damaging to a team is to talk about what the club manager's planned tactics were going to be for the upcoming season to any team mates who play in opposing teams in the same league. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4774" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T15:42:14.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4917" CreationDate="2014-06-10T15:45:27.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, participants in wheelchair fencing in the Paralympic Games need to be disabled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Paralympic Movement provides sport for people with disabilities.  They &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paralympic.org/classification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list ten eligible impairment types&lt;/a&gt;, and in order for an athlete to compete, he or she must have a primary impairment that belongs to one of these impairment types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each sport in the Paralympics has specific classifications with medical eligibility rules.  For wheelchair fencing, which is administered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iwasf.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation&lt;/a&gt;(IWAS), these rules are found in the IWF Rules for Competition: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-wheelchair-fencing/commissions/classification/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Book 4: Classification Rules&lt;/a&gt;.  The book spells out tests that certified Classifiers use to determine whether or not an athlete is eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Classifiers administer functional and bench tests to place athletes in one of five sport classes: 1A, 1B, 2, 3, and 4.  On one end of the spectrum, class 1A participants are &quot;athletes with no sitting balance who have a handicapped playing arm.  No efficient elbow extension against gravity and no residual function of the hand which makes it necessary to fix the weapon with a bandage.&quot;  At the other end, class 4 participants are &quot;athletes with good sitting balance with the support of lower limbs and normal fencing arm.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the Paralympics, fencers compete in two categories: Category A is for fencers in class 3 or 4, and Category B is for fencers in class 2.  There is a Category C for fencers in classes 1A and 1B; this category does compete in some international competitions, but is not normally in the Paralympic Games. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://paralympics.org.uk/paralympicsports/wheelchair-fencing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IWAS has a formal protest process. If someone feels that another athlete has not been classified correctly, they can issue a protest, and a jury of Classifiers will investigate and rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The video that you referenced is of the gold medal bout at the London 2012 Paralympic Games in the Men's Individual Sabre Category A, the category for athletes with the least impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T15:45:27.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4828" CreationDate="2014-06-10T19:15:43.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not have hard research to support this, however in my experience Quarterbacks have the most &lt;em&gt;fumbles&lt;/em&gt; on any given team – generally speaking.  Not the least factor in that is they touch the ball more than any other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, I believe &lt;strong&gt;Defensive Ends&lt;/strong&gt; are &lt;em&gt;”most likely to create turnovers in football”.&lt;/em&gt;  [My college philosophy/logic professor is doing a facepalm.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably by far and away; if someone were to ferret out the proper statistics.  However – and of note – big cornerbacks (like the almighty Ronnie Lott) often have the most dramatic turnovers through interceptions and big hits across the middle; and those are the ones that imprint the largest in our minds – but I believe the numbers will flush out that the &lt;strong&gt;Defensive End&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct answer [...unsung workhorse and most beautiful specimen of all Football players.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: It would be prudent to make sure the 2 &lt;em&gt;corners&lt;/em&gt; and 2 &lt;em&gt;safety&lt;/em&gt; positions are not combined into “backs” for comparison - as 4 players on a team just might collect more numbers than 2 defensive ends – and &lt;strong&gt;diggers3&lt;/strong&gt;'s excellently made point about forced fumbles not all being turnovers notwithstanding.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T19:26:45.973" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T19:26:45.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="119" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:24:24.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A foul ball is an intermediate result between a &quot;strike&quot; (a total miss) and a &quot;fair ball&quot; (one that goes into play). Logically, a foul ball should be scored in an intermediate fashion between a strike and a fair ball as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way of doing this is to count &quot;half&quot; strikes for a foul ball. That would cause a certain amount of game confusion keeping track of these &quot;half&quot; strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way of achieving a comparable, and equitable, result is to award the first two foul balls in an at bat as strikes to the pitcher, and the remaining ones as &quot;free&quot; shots to the batter. In practice, it would mean that about half the foul balls are counted as strikes, and about half (after the second one) are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In theory, it means the that &quot;burden of proof&quot; is on the hitter to put the ball in play on the first two fouls, but for the third strike, the &quot;burden of proof&quot; is on the pitcher to get a &quot;full&quot; (not a foul, or &quot;half&quot;) strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not unfair for the pitcher to have foul balls recorded as strikes, while the batter is not put out. All contacted balls (plus called strikes) are strikes for the pitcher. That includes &quot;fair balls&quot; that become hits, or outs, as well as foul balls, whether or not they become &quot;strikes&quot; for the batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T21:24:24.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="536" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:57:03.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;WHIP stands for &quot;walks and hits (allowed) per inning pitched.&quot; It is a measure of the rate at which a pitcher allows opposing batters to get on base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't quite agree with another answerer who says it's a &quot;poor tool&quot; to evaluate pitchers. The &quot;walks&quot; or W part of the equation are entirely under control of the pitchers. What the other person meant was that HITS aren't regarded as entirely under the control of pitchers, because of fielding issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two more items that define a pitcher. Strikeouts aren't explicitly included in the WHIP formula, but they feed indirectly into the &quot;hits&quot; part of the equation; the more strikeouts, the fewer opportunities for hits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last thing is home runs, (or other extra base hits). All other things equal, a pitcher with a lower WHIP than another will give up fewer runs, but a pitcher with a low WHIP and a high home run rate (e.g. the Pittsburgh Pirates' Edinson Volquez) might still give up a lot of runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T21:57:03.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4945" CreationDate="2014-06-11T03:43:42.023" Score="3" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_NBA_Finals#Game_5%3a_The_Flu_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michael Jordan's flu game is one of his most famous performances as a basketball player.&lt;/a&gt; Yet I remember that at the time there was some question about how sick he really was: had he been acting some to mislead his opponents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any information come out since that gives further indication of how ill or well he really was?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T16:12:38.800" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T20:11:23.687" Title="Has any information come out that clarifies how sick Jordan was during his famous &quot;flu game&quot;" Tags="|history|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4939" CreationDate="2014-06-11T08:00:21.607" Score="2" ViewCount="1710" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently during the IPL-7, during the last match before the qualifiers between MI and RR, Kevon Cooper (RR bowler) was thought to bowl with an illegal bowling action. What are the criteria for bowling a legal delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3764" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-08-19T16:34:56.007" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:23:48.753" Title="What makes a cricket bowling action illegal?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4914" CreationDate="2014-06-11T08:03:39.650" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only direct free kick offences committed by a team in their own penalty area result in a penalty kick&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290868.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For indirect free kick offences that are committed by a defending team inside their own goal area, the position of the free kick is the closest point to the infringement on the goal area line parallel to the goal line - or in simpler terms, the ball is moved directly back towards the attacking team's goal line until it's on the longest line of the goal area.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290870.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the first part, the offence occurs when the ball is handled by the goalkeeper after having been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a teammate&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290868.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. In your example, this still holds true, as after the ball was kicked to the goalkeeper by a teammate, it wasn't either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;played by an opponent; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;played by a teammate in a way that wasn't a deliberate kick to the goalkeeper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct decision here is an indirect free kick to the opponents. This is also the case if the goalkeeper receives the ball outside the penalty area with his feet, dribbles it back into the penalty area, and handles it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T08:03:39.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4935" CreationDate="2014-06-11T08:43:32.997" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the rule about bowling action in cricket visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws-in-action/law-38-in-action/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; link. Also visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_%28cricket%29#The_bowling_action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YwiZP.png&quot; alt=&quot;The image of bowling action&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T08:50:18.053" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T08:50:18.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4941" CreationDate="2014-06-11T11:06:12.140" Score="3" ViewCount="393" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having seen the schedules for the different groups in the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, at the FIFA World Cup 2014, I noticed in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Group C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; an odd starting time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is match number 6 on the 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of June 2014, between Ivory Coast and Japan, that starts at 22.00 (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Brazil#Bras.C3.ADlia_official_time_-_BRT_.28UTC-03.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UTC-03&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that?     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T01:20:05.163" Title="Odd Schedule Group C at the FIFA World Cup 2014" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4940" CreationDate="2014-06-11T12:30:47.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/WORLDCUP/MATCHES/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fifa website&lt;/a&gt;, four matches are scheduled on Saturday 14 June: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colombia vs Greece at 13:00 (local time),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uruguay vs Costa Rica at 16:00 (local time),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England vs Italy at 18:00 (local time),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Côte d'Ivoire vs Japan at 22:00 (local time)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Four matches are needed on Saturday 14 June because only one match will be played on Thursday 12 June after the opening ceremony.&#xA;The late starting time is needed in order to observe 3 hours between every starting time &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1276" LastEditorUserId="6081" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T01:20:05.163" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T01:20:05.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4214" CreationDate="2014-06-11T18:44:47.993" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Studies have shown that the best strike percentage happens when the ball hits the pins on the 17th board at a 6 degree angle.  That can only be done by hooking the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main problem with throwing a straight ball is hitting the headpin to the side enough to not split, which still being able to knock down the 5 pin.  A properly thrown hook ball will cause the pin action shown below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9VMVp.png&quot; alt=&quot;Pin Action&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="206" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T18:44:47.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4934" CreationDate="2014-06-11T18:48:16.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Tim Grover, Michael Jordan's personal trainer, it was food poisoning, not actually the flu.  In 2013, Grover wrote a book titled &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1476710937&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Relentless&lt;/a&gt; about his time as a personal trainer, and he talks about Jordan during the Flu Game.  According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/chicago/nba/story/_/id/9183990/michael-jordan-flu-game-was-really-food-poisoning-trainer-says&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, the team was in a hotel in Park City the night before the game, and Jordan ordered a pizza.  He was the only one to eat the pizza, and was very sick shortly afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty clear by the way he looked in that game that he wasn't feeling well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3fK2J.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Jordan helped off the court by Pippen&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T18:48:16.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4111" CreationDate="2014-06-12T16:22:46.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The actual technique for bowling with a hook is surprisingly simple when you learn about it.  Many people when first trying to hook will do a lot of things to try to make their hand spin the ball.  In fact, most of the work adding the proper spin (or rotation) to the ball is handled by gravity and a proper ball fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Get a fingertip drilled ball that fits your hand properly.  It should take very little grip pressure to keep the ball on your hand - if you would break an egg, or hurt a baby bird with the amount of grip pressure you're using, your ball doesn't fit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With your hand in the ball and a firm, straight wrist, let the ball hang by your side.  Turn your hand a bit so that your palm is facing forward and to the left (for a right hander).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When delivering the ball, your thumb will come out first.  This will cause the ball to roll down your hand, giving it leftwards rotation, before coming off your fingers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The motion is very similar to throwing an underhand spiral football.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bowl4fun.com/ron/tip35.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article from Ron Clifton&lt;/a&gt; also covers the basic hook release, and his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bowl4fun.com/ron/roncarchive.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article archive&lt;/a&gt; is a great place to learn about the basics of bowling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="206" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T16:22:46.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4951" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5536" CreationDate="2014-06-13T00:24:21.953" Score="1" ViewCount="3516" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question applies to Major League Baseball, where teams have an &quot;allowance&quot; on which they can spend for players in various slots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first round, the Pittsburgh Pirates surprised many people, when the selected high school short stop, Cole Tucker, with the 24th overall pick when at least some would say that Michael Chavis (26th overall) was better at that spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I (and others) suspected, Tucker was signed for $1.8 million, $125,000 less than the slot &quot;allowance.&quot; Most of this difference was used to sign pitcher Mitch Keller with an above slot bonus in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/pirates/2014/06/12/Pirates-sign-first-round-draft-pick-shortstop-Cole-Tucker/stories/201406120324&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;second round.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a team &quot;skimp&quot; on the first round in order to use the money in the second round? Aren't most of the impact players in the first round, meaning that you get the &quot;biggest bang for the buck&quot; there? And if the Pirates wanted Keller so badly, why not just draft him in the first round (Tucker was a relative unknown who might have lasted into the second round)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-13T03:07:45.893" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T01:49:40.770" Title="What's the purpose of making a &quot;below slot&quot; high round draft pick?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4952" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-13T03:10:28.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Paralympic games&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T14:04:05.167" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T14:04:05.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4953" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-13T03:10:28.843" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Paralympic Games" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-13T03:10:28.843" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T03:10:28.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4469" CreationDate="2014-06-13T10:24:15.887" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That theme song which played was from &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYeDsa4Tw0c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vangelis - conquest of paradise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3540" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T12:17:30.470" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T12:17:30.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4955" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4956" CreationDate="2014-06-13T11:23:34.637" Score="9" ViewCount="24950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was curious about the in-depth player stats from yesterdays game, Brazil - Croatia (specifically to assess Ivan Perisic's impact in the game) and came across a bunch of sites that provide basic stats like goals, cards, possession, shots, etc. I found the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/worldcup/season=2014/statistics/index.html&quot;&gt;UEFA homepage&lt;/a&gt; particularly informative. However I did not manage to find a single source that has the distance covered by each player at the World Cup. This is a very common stat in Europe that's frequently reported at half-time and post-game (e.g. here are stats for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2014/statistics/round=2000479/players/index.html&quot;&gt;Champions League 2013-2014&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to find distance covered for players during the World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T18:06:58.923" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:56:08.963" Title="How to find &quot;distance covered&quot; for players during the World Cup?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4955" CreationDate="2014-06-13T14:39:22.083" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Distance Covered is being tracked at FIFA World Cup 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On FIFA's website, detailed player statistics are provided &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/index.html&quot;&gt;for each match&lt;/a&gt;.  For example, here is the page for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255931/match=300186456/index.html#nosticky&quot;&gt;Match 1 between Brazil and Croatia on June 12&lt;/a&gt;.  Scrolling down to the Official Document section, you'll find &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/92/69/01_0612_bra-cro_cro_playerstatistics_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Croatia player stats (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/92/76/01_0612_bra-cro_bra_playerstatistics_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Brazil player stats (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;.  These documents contain the distance covered for each player; for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neymar&quot;&gt;Neymar&lt;/a&gt;, the Man-of-the-Match for Brazil, covered 9,538 meters during the game, contributing to the 102 km team total for Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Perisic&quot;&gt;Ivan Perišić&lt;/a&gt; of Croatia covered 10,472 meters of the Croatia's 109 km total in the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also check the &quot;Tracking Statistics&quot; PDFs listed in the &quot;Official Documents&quot; sections of each match to find distance traveled per player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T18:07:08.693" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T18:07:08.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2014-06-13T15:24:20.517" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure I buy the geographic answer. Russia and Brazil are physically huge countries with horrible infrastructures for getting around that run league systems. And yes, the top tier teams do concentrate in the larger cities. But this is true of the US teams as well, simply because large populations and major TV markets do go together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the vested interests not referenced is wiping out the draft lottery system. If teams with poor seasons do not get top draft picks, they would stay poor teams and be relegated to the next tier. Yes, this is hard on teams with long losing traditions, but if you live in &quot;the cellar&quot;, shouldn't you be competing in a more appropriate weight class?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing that would go is the way franchise owners can move teams without consulting the fans which has sparked several notable outrages (Brooklyn Dodgers, Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns). This almost never happens in league systems as fan bases effectively own the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4788" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T15:24:20.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7121" CreationDate="2014-06-13T22:56:27.767" Score="7" ViewCount="17782" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always wondered. Do people keep the balls? What happens?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4789" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T23:25:25.680" LastActivityDate="2022-11-20T20:39:49.823" Title="Can you keep the ball if it is thrown at the audience?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4974" CreationDate="2014-06-13T23:07:54.223" Score="12" ViewCount="2833" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, on 13/06 it was Spain and Netherlands. How are the matching teams decided and based on what? What are these groups? Sorry, I'm new to football and this site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yi8K5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4789" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-07T17:42:29.993" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T14:28:43.740" Title="How is FIFA world cup schedule created?" Tags="|football|world-cup|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2014-06-13T23:18:17.010" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually FIFA has changed some of the rules. Not really an instant replay, but still huge progress. The German company &lt;a href=&quot;http://goalcontrol.de/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Goal Control&lt;/a&gt; has been handed the contract by FIFA to provide goal line technology at the World Cup in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will be 14 cameras &amp;ndash; seven for each goal mouth &amp;ndash; mounted at or near the roof of the stadium, capturing images at 500 frames per second, installed at all 12 World Cup venues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wmjm0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seven cameras will monitor each goal and computers will relay a message to the referee as soon as the ball crosses the goal line. (Source: Reuters)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N6Uyg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They will ensure that no controversial goals are allowed or legitimate ones disallowed. The referee will have a special watch which will vibrate with a flash message reading “GOAL” once the ball crosses the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The company’s boss Dirk Broichhausen also revealed that the system cannot be hacked as it is an “Off-line” system and did not rely on the internet, assuring that the technology is foolproof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nearly 2400 tests were carried out to assure that the system was accurate even when cameras were blocked by players, and has minimal margin of error, a plus-minus margin of just 1.5 centimeters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These measures taken by FIFA have given fans and players hope that the tournament will be the most competitive one yet along with being fair and just.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.zoom4india.com/sports/item/88532-fifa-world-cup-the-science-behind-football.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4790" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-06-13T23:53:27.707" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T23:53:27.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4969" CreationDate="2014-06-13T23:25:43.477" Score="5" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;After having seen the Dutch team win their first group B match in the FIFA World Cup 2014, against the reigning world champion (Spain),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hzQcu.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering what the highest win was ever against a reigning champion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-14T03:58:57.420" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T17:46:42.433" Title="Highest Win Over Reigning Champion In FIFA World Cup" Tags="|football|trivia|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4964" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5041" CreationDate="2014-06-14T04:36:23.310" Score="2" ViewCount="3920" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not very familiar with football. I only follow football matches during world cups. Suppose two teams end up the first group with same points then how the final group standing is decided? I can see Wins, Draws, Loses, Goals For, Goals Against, Goals Difference and Team Points in the group standing table. So my question: what is counted prior? At least I know team point is counted (compared) first. But if points are equal then on what basis the group standing is decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/916/540&quot;&gt;Qualification decision in group stages when everything is equal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T17:24:16.477" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T20:50:44.863" Title="How do teams progress to the 2nd stage in case of same points?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4967" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-14T06:26:28.300" Score="-1" ViewCount="7075" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which word is used when bowler takes 4 continuous wickets in 4 balls? (such as hat-rick for 3 wickets in 3 balls)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="3673" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T14:32:53.717" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T14:32:53.717" Title="Which word is used for 4 wickets in 4 balls? Question about 4 in 4 not multiple hat-trick" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-06-15T02:38:03.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4967" CreationDate="2014-06-14T06:34:11.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;Four in Four&lt;/strong&gt; according to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known&#xA;  as a brace, or (more commonly, especially until the next delivery has&#xA;  been made) being on a hat-trick. Four wickets in four balls is&#xA;  referred to in cricket literature and record books as four in four but&#xA;  the term double hat-trick has also been used in the media, as it will&#xA;  contain two different, overlapping sets of three consecutively&#xA;  dismissed batsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note :&lt;/strong&gt; Cricket does not define an official term for 4-in-4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastActivityDate="2014-06-14T06:34:11.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4961" CreationDate="2014-06-14T10:17:03.480" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched for all games involving defending champions &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Spain's loss against the Netherlands is the biggest loss for any reigning world champion in terms of &lt;em&gt;goal difference&lt;/em&gt; (1-5). The second biggest loss is by West Germany, who lost to France 3-6 in the third-place playoff of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup#Knockout_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. This is also the biggest loss in terms of &lt;em&gt;goals conceded&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-21T17:46:42.433" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T17:46:42.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2014-06-14T14:22:09.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is NO good reason for the failure to implement video plays in professional soccer.  Far from &quot;breaking the flow of the game&quot;  it would actually prevent all those ridiculous delays where the players protest the referees decision. When a video replay will reveal the truth there will be no point in arguing, just as there will be no-point pretending that the merest touch from an opponent carried the force of a sledgehammer, or that a ball hitting the shin somehow caused a facial injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We would also get offside decisions correct.  It is almost impossible for a linesman to see the position of the advanced forward at the moment the ball is kicked. IN most situations it is just physically impossible.  It is a miracle that they get borderline cases right as often as they do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have watched football all my life and I am sick and fed up of seeing games spoiled by incorrect decisions.  It is not as if bad decisions are rare. They happen in just about every professional game in the English Premier League.  I am also sick and fed up of seeing rich and fortunate grown men behaving like spoiled brats - but that is a different matter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA likes to present itself as a caring organisation with things like promoting the game in the 3rd world and its RESPECT program, yet youngsters all over the world are being given a terrible example by some of their footballing heroes ... that cheating pays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only people that can benefit by ensuring that football games continue to be riddled with awful decisions are the cheating players that try to get unwarranted penalties, or to get their opponents unfairly yellow and red carded, or organisations that want to keep the ability to make sure that we get the &quot;right&quot; result in important matches.  Most fans, and I suspect most players, want to see results decided by good play, within the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why don't the national organisations simply leave FIFA? The organisation is evidently corrupt, its senior officials are hugely overpaid, and some of them are criminals who have somehow evaded the prosecution that most of us would have faced had we fiddled our financial affairs that badly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4792" LastActivityDate="2014-06-14T14:22:09.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4959" CreationDate="2014-06-16T04:19:43.010" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 32 teams in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.  In order to get into the tournament, teams had to participate in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/matches/preliminaries/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;regional preliminary qualifying tournaments&lt;/a&gt;.  Only Brazil, as the host country, received an automatic bid into the final tournament. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These 32 teams are organized into 8 groups of 4, labelled A through H.  To decide which teams are in each group, first the top eight teams are seeded into the first position of each group.  (Brazil, as the host country, is automatically seeded as team A1.)  After these 8 teams are each put into separate groups, the rest of the teams are placed into the groups based on geography and random draw. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup#Final_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first stage of the tournament is called the Group Stage.  In this stage, each team plays the other three teams in their group.  That means that each of the 32 teams plays 3 matches, for a total of 6 matches in each group, and 48 matches in the entire group stage.  The Group Stage is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scheduled for June 12-26, 2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the Group Stage is done, the teams in each group are &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4881/fifa-world-cup-2014-tie-breaker-rules&quot;&gt;ranked by their performance in their three matches&lt;/a&gt;, and the top two teams in each group go to the next stage of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These remaining 16 teams go into the Second Stage (or Knockout Stage), a single-elimination tournament.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/matches/index.html#secondstage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Second Stage begins on June 28&lt;/a&gt;, and the final match is scheduled for July 13, 19:00 UTC, in Rio De Janeiro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T14:28:43.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4977" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:45:08.817" Score="2" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;In which countries did broadcasting rights for the World Cup sell for the most? If possible, let's include all media (TV, streaming internet, radio) and all languages (so in the U.S. this would include Univision buying the Spanish-language rights).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing that got me started thinking about this was the question of whether the rights are highly valuable in the U.S. Specifically, I was thinking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soccer (or &quot;football&quot;, if you prefer) generally does not get a large television audience in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However, the World Cup may be an exception (it certainly is among the people I talk to).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Plus, the U.S.'s has a large population and, more importantly, the world's highest GDP. Presumably the value of advertisements is roughly proportional to the population, holding other factors constant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lastly, with the Cup being in Brazil this year the games are on at a reasonable time for most Americans.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T19:10:21.237" Title="In which countries did broadcasting rights for the World Cup sell for the most?" Tags="|football|media|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4976" CreationDate="2014-06-16T18:43:39.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might not be possible to determine definitively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often, the deals that FIFA negotiates for media rights cover multiple events and multiple years.  For example, in 2005, ABC/ESPN and Univision purchased the USA rights to all FIFA events from 2007-2014.  This included the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the 2007 and 2011 Women's World Cups, and the 2009 and 2013 Confederations Cups, and includes all TV, Radio, Mobile, and Internet rights.  The English language portion of the contract was $100 million, and the Spanish language rights were $325 million.  At the time, this USA deal was called &quot;the biggest TV deal in a single country in FIFA's history.&quot;  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccertimes.com/worldcup/2005/nov02.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/tv/01/47/76/00/2014fifaworldcupbrazil%28tm%29mediarightslicenseelist140614%5fneutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA has a list (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt; of all 2014 World Cup media licensees, worldwide, for TV, Radio, Mobile, and Internet, sorted by territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-16T19:10:21.237" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T19:10:21.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5007" CreationDate="2014-06-16T23:55:49.133" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I kick the ball into the opponents hand, do I get a free kick due to hand-ball by the opponent? Can I keep on doing this until I'm right in front of their net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4796" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T03:53:25.863" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T20:42:41.420" Title="Hand ball and free-kicks" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4978" CreationDate="2014-06-17T00:00:16.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In determining whether or not a player deliberately handled the ball, the referee has several considerations: Movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand); Distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball); Touching the ball with an object held in the hand (clothing, shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement (considered an extension of the hand).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastEditorUserId="1971" LastEditDate="2014-06-21T20:42:41.420" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T20:42:41.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5006" CreationDate="2014-06-17T04:09:06.337" Score="4" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the U.S.'s World Cup match against Ghana today, I was surprised to see that the player who kicked Clint Dempsey in the face while contesting a ball in the air wasn't booked. I've seen bookings given for accidental elbows (or &quot;accidental&quot; elbows) and this seemed worse: you're clearly endangering the other player by raising your foot so high. Is this a case of the referee judging that the hit was accidental?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course if none of the officials see the hit happen nothing will be called, but in the case of today's game I don't think that's the case; the hit occurred very close to the ball. But even if the official didn't see, what if he had?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-06-20T06:00:34.447" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T06:00:34.447" Title="What guidelines would a World Cup official follow when deciding whether to book a player for hitting another when contesting a ball in the air?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="977" CreationDate="2014-06-17T17:43:10.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The chance that a goal will be scored off a corner kick appears to be &lt;strong&gt;roughly 3%&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fancy-stats/wp/2014/06/17/what-is-a-corner-kick-worth-in-soccer/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Caley at the Washington Post&lt;/a&gt; recently analyzed a set of nearly 13,000 corners taken in the English Premier League between 2011-2013, finding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Only 17 percent (2,157) &quot;produced a legitimate shot attempt.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Of those shot attempts, 370 were scores.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ibfIE.png&quot; alt=&quot;Corner Kick Success Rate&quot;&gt;&#xA;(data provided by Opta)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Caley links to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/05/why-goal-value-of-corners-is-almost.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a study by Chris Anderson and David Sally at Soccer by the Numbers&lt;/a&gt;, which showed that EPL teams converted corners between 0-7% during the 2010/11 season, with the average team converting corners into goals at 2.2%. At that rate, the average team would score by corner kick about every 10 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T17:43:10.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4984" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-17T19:21:44.203" Score="8" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is well known that the performance of athletes who suddenly move to a location at a higher altitude than they are used to will suffer; when sports events such as the Olympics are held in a high altitude location, athletes often move to the area much earlier in order to adapt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question I haven't been able to find an answer to is: How big of an altitude difference is significant? E.g. Will a sprinter who lives and trains at sea level feel any different competing at 200 - 300 m above sea level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4803" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T17:32:11.787" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T02:42:11.443" Title="Effects of altitude on athletic performance" Tags="|running|training|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4985" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-18T11:41:33.977" Score="3" ViewCount="435" Body="&lt;p&gt;On what basis jersey number will be given to players in their international teams if jersey number used in their leagues clashes? for example Torres and Villa share same jersey number 9 in Chelsea and Atletico Madrid respectively. Why it is given to Torres?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-18T12:13:13.453" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T12:13:13.453" Title="How international teams decide on jersey number?" Tags="|football|fifa|uniform|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-06-18T13:35:23.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4981" CreationDate="2014-06-18T15:21:47.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question simply; the player should have received a booking for this infringement.  It is a clear dangerous play and the accidental nature does not change this. As you view matches over the course of the competition you will witness many interpretations of the laws of the game.  The human element plays heavily on these matches. Some referees are better than others while others get distracted and even swayed.  I hope that helps some.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T15:21:47.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4990" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4992" CreationDate="2014-06-19T04:49:57.190" Score="13" ViewCount="4906" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you all might have seen on 18th June, 2014 that &lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;, winner of Last &lt;strong&gt;FIFA World Cup 2010&lt;/strong&gt; was knocked out in first round. I need to know that is it happened first time or it did happen in any past World Cup? If yes, then when and which team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know much about previous FIFA World Cups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="1924" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T05:53:21.373" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T17:26:27.833" Title="FIFA World Cups History: Defending Champion Knocked Out in First Round?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4991" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4995" CreationDate="2014-06-19T06:20:03.460" Score="9" ViewCount="5120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that in football, the referee can give red cards even to goalkeepers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any goalkeepers who have received a red card in FIFA World Cup matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, please provide the details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-01-02T10:50:59.303" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T09:04:17.520" Title="Has any goalkeeper ever received a red card at the FIFA World cup?" Tags="|football|officiating|trivia|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4990" CreationDate="2014-06-19T06:30:49.720" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; times the defending champions were knocked out of the group stage &lt;em&gt;(first group stage during the 1950 World Cup)&lt;/em&gt; in the FIFA World Cup history:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;France&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy - 2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2661795/Spain-fourth-World-Cup-holders-crash-group-stage-Brazil-France-Italy.html?ico=sport%5Eheadlines&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/defending-champion-germany-eliminated-from-world-cup/2018/06/27/bd06b660-7a25-11e8-ac4e-421ef7165923_story.html?noredirect=on&amp;amp;utm_term=.403c0f1da827&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_records#Defending_champion_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of FIFA World Cup records&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_records&amp;amp;oldid=847766262#Defending_champion_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T17:26:27.833" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T17:26:27.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4993" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5011" CreationDate="2014-06-19T12:07:31.047" Score="1" ViewCount="3301" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked on profile of today's stage of Tour de Suisse:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VYx3z.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The picture is taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/races/profilesmaps/2014-06/Tour-de-Suisse-Stage-6-1403118873.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.procyclingstats.com/races/profilesmaps/2014-06/Tour-de-Suisse-Stage-6-1403118873.png&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three little blue symbols at the bottom. I suppose the middle one, with the cutlery, means &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling#F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;feed zone&lt;/a&gt;. However, I was not able to guess the meaning of the symbols &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IY4fY.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt; and &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OEGZB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;, which seem somewhat like light bulb or a bottle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T13:39:46.830" Title="What these symbols on profile of a cycling stage mean?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4991" CreationDate="2014-06-19T14:14:18.263" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three goalkeepers that have been sent off in World Cup matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first goalkeeper to be sent off in a World Cup match was the Italian keeper &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianluca_Pagliuca&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gianluca Pagliuca&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. He was given a straight red card for handling the ball outside the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itumeleng_Khune&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Itumeleng Khune&lt;/a&gt;, a South African keeper who was sent off during a match against Uruguay during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, after tripping an opponent in the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Hennessey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayne Hennessey&lt;/a&gt; of Wales, who was sent off in a match against Iran at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, after colliding with an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete history of red cards at the World Cup can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_red_cards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2023-01-04T09:04:17.520" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T09:04:17.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5120" CreationDate="2014-06-19T15:41:39.917" Score="25" ViewCount="61202" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most football leagues, and now the World Cup, distance covered is now a commonly-shared statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there trackers in the boots? Do the players have chips implanted in their brains? &lt;em&gt;How is 'distance covered' tracked?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4955/how-to-find-distance-covered-for-players-during-the-world-cup&quot;&gt;How to find “distance covered” for players during the World Cup?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="181" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T20:58:56.650" Title="How is 'distance covered' tracked in football (soccer) at the World Cup and during other official competitions?" Tags="|football|statistics|technology|world-cup|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4997" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5004" CreationDate="2014-06-19T16:48:23.997" Score="1" ViewCount="4925" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like there's only one official match between Pete Sampras and Roger Federer (their meeting in the 2001 Wimbledon).  But they have also played at least 4 exhibition matches against each other: Federer went 2-1 against Sampras in an Asian series in 2007, and Federer beat Sampras at Madison Square Garden in 2008.  Did they play any other exhibition matches against each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-19T16:48:52.217" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T18:37:07.413" Title="All head-to-head matches between Pete Sampras and Roger Federer" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-19T17:59:47.907" Score="9" ViewCount="875" Body="&lt;p&gt;After every half during a football (soccer) game, the refs add stoppage time to the clock to compensate for lost time due to injuries and penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how closely does stoppage time equal real game time lost? (Are there different stoppage time calculations for different leagues?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if it's nearly exact, then what's the logic in delaying or faking injuries, as players on a winning team are often accused of doing. Wouldn't that delay just be tacked on at the end of a game or half?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T07:45:32.747" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T07:45:32.747" Title="Does stoppage time actually equal all non-playing time during a half?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5002" CreationDate="2014-06-19T19:05:13.067" Score="1" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a common word for &quot;base on (four) balls,&quot; hit by pitch, balk, or anything else that might let a batter get on first base without hitting the ball? The term I liked to use was &quot;walk,&quot; but I've been told that is synonymous with &quot;base on balls,&quot; and doesn't include the others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or does it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-06-19T19:30:20.700" LastActivityDate="2014-06-19T19:35:51.423" Title="Is there a &quot;hypernym&quot; for &quot;free base.&quot;" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5000" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5542" CreationDate="2014-06-19T19:09:07.893" Score="1" ViewCount="2715" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say you have men on first and third. The batter draws a &quot;base on (four balls), and goes to first. The man on first is &quot;pushed&quot; to second, but the man on third stays where he is, because there is no &quot;push&quot; from second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, suppose there are men on first and third. The pitcher balks. The batter goes to first, the man on first goes to second. But in this afternoon's Reds Pirates game, Homer Bailey's balk apparently sent the man on third home for a run,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would the rules be different for a balk than a base on balls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-19T19:11:10.843" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T22:13:40.630" Title="Is a balk scored differently from a &quot;base on balls?" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5000" CreationDate="2014-06-19T19:18:33.140" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A balk has a different definition from a walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Walk&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a batter gets 4 balls they take first base, forced runners advance safely&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Balk&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a pitcher balks, a ball is issued to the batter, all runners advance 1 base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in a first and third situation, if the pitcher balks, the runner on first goes to second, the runner on third goes home and if it's the fourth ball, the batter takes first base. In the event of a walk, the runner on third is not forced and stays put.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-19T19:18:33.140" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4999" CreationDate="2014-06-19T19:35:51.423" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. There really isn't a hypernym for it. Generally they are regarded seperately. There are 4 ways to reach base without putting the ball in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 balls (a walk), this can be from 4 pitches out of the zone or a balk resulting in ball 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HBP (when the batter is hit by the ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catcher's interference. Not a common result in MLB but relatively common in little league play. If catcher contacts the batter, the batter is awarded first base. (though like a balk, if live play results and the batting team benefits, they can choose to keep the results of the play).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 3rd strike is dropped and the batter makes it to first base safely. (still scored as a strikeout, just without the out, factored as a K in the batters OBP too)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There really isn't a single word that sums all of these up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-19T19:35:51.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5003" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5013" CreationDate="2014-06-19T23:07:26.307" Score="2" ViewCount="1479" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not American, and I live in a foreign country. I have been watching NBA since about 2000. I was a New jersey fan, when Kidd went to Mavs, I became a Mavs fan and still am.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the Mavs sold Barea and Chandler to have more salary cap. Mavs then won the NBA Championship and sold everyone next season and bought old Carter, and I wonder why, and I keep hearing about the cap!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been playing EA sport and there's a cap, 2Ksports there's a cap. What is a cap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly, how could Miami afford James + Wade + Bosh + all the other players while the Mavs couldn't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How could Brooklyn buy all these guys? How could Clippers do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And lastly if it's not the cap, why else would the Mavs sell everyone, when they are the champs. In theory, the champ should be the one who gets the most money.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T22:43:24.697" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T22:43:24.697" Title="How does the NBA salary cap work?" Tags="|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4997" CreationDate="2014-06-19T23:17:36.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are the only 4 exhibition matches they've played against each other and you're correct - they only played 1 time in their careers at Wimbledon in 2001 where Federer won in the 5th set 7-5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They did play doubles together (so, not against each other) in an exhibition match at the Indian Wells tournament in 2010 against the team of Andre Agassi and Rafael Nadal to raise money for Haitian earthquake victims.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T18:37:07.413" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T18:37:07.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5016" CreationDate="2014-06-19T23:42:57.057" Score="6" ViewCount="3087" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much does it hurt a football (soccer) team to play a man down? What about two men down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does that cost shift depending upon whether the team is up or down at the time of the penalty - does playing down a man more heavily impact defense or offense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related: Are there ever any scenarios when playing down a man can actually improve a team's odds of winning? (Doubtful, I know, but I've heard of crazier paradoxes.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there research out there on short-handed odds? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Short-footed is probably the more appropriate term.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-20T13:15:31.440" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T12:29:18.940" Title="What is the statistical disadvantage of playing a man down?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4981" CreationDate="2014-06-20T02:57:01.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When deciding on what action to take when a player kicks, trips, pushes, strikes, charges, jumps at, or generally just tackles an opponent, the referee must consider whether it is &lt;strong&gt;careless&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;reckless&lt;/strong&gt;, committed using &lt;strong&gt;excessive force&lt;/strong&gt;, or alternatively, none of the above. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;p. 36 of the 2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 117 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Careless&quot; means that the player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only a direct free kick / penalty kick is awarded if the action is careless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Reckless&quot; means that the player has acted with complete disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, his opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick / penalty kick is awarded if the action is reckless, and the player is also cautioned for unsporting behaviour. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;p. 123 of the 2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Using excessive force&quot; means that the player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick / penalty kick is awarded if the action is excessively forceful, and the player is sent-off for serious foul play if it is performed whilst challenging for the ball. If not challenging for the ball, the player is sent-off for violent conduct. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;p. 126-128 of the 2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player kicks, trips, pushes, strikes, charges, jumps at, or tackles an opponent in a manner that is not careless, reckless, or excessively forceful no offence has been committed and play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Sean pointed out, whether or not the action is accidental has no bearing on the decision that should be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRVIoQwzF54&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRVIoQwzF54&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging the particular incident, Boye was pushed by Dempsey first (notice the arm on the chest), which led to Boye being off balance. However, swinging your leg high into an opponent's nose, while you and your opponent are in the air, and you are off balance sounds to me like it is at least reckless, and possibly excessively forceful. I would have no complaint with Boye being either sent-off or cautioned for this challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T02:57:01.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4978" CreationDate="2014-06-20T03:15:30.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player only commits a handling offence if they &lt;strong&gt;deliberately&lt;/strong&gt; handle the ball (this excludes the goalkeeper handling the ball within their own penalty area). This includes any part of their arm as well, and not just their hand.&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, if a player's arm is in a natural position (usually down by their side, or reasonably raised when jumping for balance), and they do not have a reasonable amount of time to move it out of the way, no offence has occurred, as they have not deliberately handled it.&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If their arm is in an unnatural position (outstretched), it's most likely there to make them bigger, and hence to deliberately handle the ball. If a player has their arms out wide for no good reason, and you kick the ball into them, then yes, they have committed a handling offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this is a relatively rare occurrence, most of the time, when you kick the ball into a player's arm/hand, particularly from a short distance, no offence has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* - p. 119, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T03:15:30.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4998" CreationDate="2014-06-20T04:33:23.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From FIFA:&lt;b&gt;Allowance for time lost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth ofﬁcial indicates the minimum additional time decided by the referee at the end of the ﬁnal minute of each period of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The announcement of the additional time does not indicate the exact amount &#xA;of time left in the match. The time may be increased if the referee considers it &#xA;appropriate but never reduced.&#xA;The referee must not compensate for a timekeeping error during the ﬁrst half &#xA;by increasing or reducing the length of the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;assessment of injury to players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any other cause&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T09:42:04.873" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T09:42:04.873" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4998" CreationDate="2014-06-20T08:06:18.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/5008/3526&quot;&gt;SahuKahn has correctly pointed out&lt;/a&gt; that additional time is added on for substitutions, assessment of injury to players, removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment, wasting time and any other cause &lt;em&gt;(which seems like an overly liberal &quot;catch-all&quot; clause!?)&lt;/em&gt;. The relevant reference is on page 29 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, as seen in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1483780/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Les Arbitres&lt;/a&gt;, this is a rough estimate rather than an exact calculation (I can't remember which match it is in the documentary, but at the end of one of the matches, there is a conversation between the referee and fourth official in which the referee says &quot;one minute will do&quot; or similar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike many other sports, such as ice hockey and futsal, the clock is not stopped whenever the ball is out of play. The ball ends up being in play for 60 - 70 minutes (on average) in top-flight professional leagues. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccermetrics.net/team-performance/effective-time-in-football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerbythenumbers.com/2011/05/how-much-football-is-there-in-match.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the referee &lt;strike&gt;will&lt;/strike&gt; should add on &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; time lost by time wasting, the advantage is not necessarily in soaking up playing time, but in breaking the attacking rhythm of the opponents. Also, delaying the restart can also give enough time for defenders to get back and cover, especially if a foul is committed when there is a tactical advantage and the attacking team wants to take a quick free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T08:06:18.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4993" CreationDate="2014-06-20T08:33:54.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After seeing &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4993/what-these-symbols-on-profile-of-a-cycling-stage-mean#comment11461_4993&quot;&gt;edmastermind29's comment&lt;/a&gt; I have tried looking for more documents on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tourdesuisse.ch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;website of the race&lt;/a&gt;. In the section &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tourdesuisse.ch/en/media/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;media&lt;/a&gt; I have found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/3t995gaui7qzjw1/HD_Technischer_Guide_TourDeSuisse_2014_PDF_HD_Web.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;technical guide&lt;/a&gt;, which also gives explanations of these symbols (and some other symbols used in the maps and plans of stages). I only found the explanation in German and French language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/X5gJ6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the two symbols I was asking about mark where it is allowed to get food from the team cars. (According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&amp;amp;id=OTU2MDE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCI Cycling Regulation&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Feeding is prohibited on climbs, descents and during the first 50 and last 20 km.&lt;/em&gt; (2.3.027))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T13:39:46.830" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5003" CreationDate="2014-06-20T13:49:16.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA salary cap is what's known as a &lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt; cap. It limits the amount of money that teams can spend, but teams can exceed it if they are willing to concede certain penalties (usually monetary). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some things that are worth mentioning here, with the lockout a few years ago, the NBA's salary cap structure changed. The two moves that you seem to be interested in (Dallas' dismantal and the Heat's collection) both happened under the old cap structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salary caps are very complicated beasts (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_salary_cap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA wikipedia article here&lt;/a&gt;), but at their heart they say this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A specific portion of the league's revenue is set aside for player salaries, we'll divide that total by the number of teams and set that as the salary cap (with some wiggle room, probably down for teams going over). Usually there is also a salary floor which says that teams &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; to spend a certain amount of money on player salaries.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA has additionally capped individual player salaries, a max contract player can only make a certain percent of the total salary cap available to the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You've asked a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of questions here, but the answers to all of them are roughly the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some owners are willing to pay the taxes on going over the salary cap. This is the case with the Heat, the Clips and the Nets (the Nets especially have huge luxury tax bills).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some players are willing to take less than max deals. With the Heat, Lebron, Wade and Bosh all took slightly less than max deals to give the team flexibility, and you may see them all restructure in the coming year to give even more flexibilty to go get another player.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each team has certain exceptions to the cap. There is an exception called the &quot;Mid level exception&quot; which allows a team that has used its entire salary cap to sign players for more than the minimum, this is how the Heat signed Ray Allen. There is also a veterans minimum that allows a team to sign as many players as they can roster for the minimum salary for their experience level regardless of the salary cap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address the Maverick's situation specifically, they had an aging team that was not going to win another championship if they stayed together. They had a number of guys who were free agents, and would demand max contracts. These guys were OK, but they weren't game changing superstars (the only one of those the Mavs had was Nowitzki). Cuban and his management team decided to let them walk and sign other players who would be cheaper and shorter terms so they could get in on future free agents. The NBA is sometimes a waiting game like this, there are a small number of game changing talents and you have to develop your cap space carefully so that when they become free agents you have even the &lt;em&gt;possibility&lt;/em&gt; to sign them. Cuban missed on Lebron and Bosh and Wade, he wants to be ready if Durant decides to leave OKC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T13:49:16.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4996" CreationDate="2014-06-20T15:20:05.413" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of professional teams these days use &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prozonesports.com/&quot;&gt;ProZone&lt;/a&gt;. This is used for Performance Analysis (which 'distance covered' would probably be included), Physiological Monitoring, Player Recruitment and Research/Consultancy. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prozonesports.com/product/gps-player-tracking/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for more details on Player Tracking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players who wear Adidas boots can also take advantage of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://micoach.adidas.com/gb/home/#&quot;&gt;miCoach Speed Cell&lt;/a&gt; which covers distance and includes information on sprints and rest periods. I own one of these are they are brilliant, very accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3479" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T15:20:05.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="361" CreationDate="2014-06-20T15:35:44.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Echoing what everyone else has said but 4-4-2 is probably the most commonly used formation since the Premier League was founded in 1992. Since the influx of overseas players over the past few seasons the 4-2-3-1 is becoming quite popular with Chelsea and Arsenal both favouring this system. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chelsea playing with Oscar, Hazard and Willian as the 3, and one of Torres/Ba/Schurrle as the lone striker. Similarly, Arsenal play with Ramsey, Ozil and Rosicky/Oxlade-Chamberlain, with Giroud/Podolski upfront. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This style is becoming increasingly attractive to watch as opposed to the rigid 4-4-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3479" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T15:35:44.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5005" CreationDate="2014-06-20T19:03:16.167" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been several papers published on this topic, which don't always agree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.iza.org/dp2158.pdf&quot;&gt;Ten Do It Better, Do They?&lt;/a&gt; which concludes that &quot;that the impact of a red card depends on the  minute of the expulsion and does not have an impact at all if given at the end of the first half or later&quot; though red cards do increase the number of goals scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~vecer/redcard.pdf&quot;&gt;Estimating the Effect of the Red Card in Soccer&lt;/a&gt; says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We estimate the effect of the red card from betting data on the FIFA World Cup 2006&#xA;  and Euro 2008, showing that the scoring intensity of the penalized team drops signiﬁcantly, while the&#xA;  scoring intensity of the opposing team increases slightly. We show that a red card typically leads to a&#xA;  smaller number of goals scored during the game when a stronger team is penalized, but it can lead to an&#xA;  increased number of goals when a weaker team is punished&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2290942?uid=3739832&amp;amp;uid=2&amp;amp;uid=4&amp;amp;uid=3739256&amp;amp;sid=21104342210163&quot;&gt;Down to Ten: Estimating the Effect of a Red Card in Soccer&lt;/a&gt; finds an effect even for cards in the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being down to nine men is much rarer and probably has not been studied carefully, for lack of data if nothing else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also ask, &quot;Are there ever any scenarios when playing down a man can actually improve a team's odds of winning?&quot; I don't know of any evidence of this, but &quot;Ten Do It Better&quot; does note that &quot;an old football myth suggests that...an expulsion might also be beneficial since it increases the team spirit as well as the efforts of the affected team.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T19:03:16.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4934" CreationDate="2014-06-20T21:53:22.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This information has been taken from this url:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/espn25/story?page=moments/79&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/espn25/story?page=moments/79&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He remembers waking up in the middle of the night, sweating profusely, shaking, and feeling as if he was going to die. &quot;I was scared; I didn't know what was happening to me,&quot; Michael Jordan would say.&#xA;  At first, he thought it was a nightmare. Then he realized it was real, that he was seriously ill. &quot;I felt partially paralyzed,&quot; he would later say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When he lifted himself up from his bed in his Utah hotel room, his head began spinning. He'd never been so nauseated before. He feared that somehow, some way, someone had slipped some kind of drug in something he ate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was the middle of the night in Salt Lake City, an off day between Games 4 and 5. The series was tied, 2-2, following Utah's second consecutive win, but how in the world could Jordan play in this condition in Game 5?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jordan called the Bulls' medical personnel, which came rushing to his room. They determined that he was suffering from food poisoning or an intestinal stomach virus. &quot;There's no way you'll be able to play Game 5,&quot; Jordan was told.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jordan remains in bed for the next 24 hours, missing the Bulls' morning practices the day before and the day of Game 5. He had lost several pounds. He was dehydrated. Then, at 3 p.m., just three hours before tip-off, Jordan rose from his hotel bed and dragged himself to the Delta Center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scottie Pippen went on to say that there was no way Jordan would be able to put on a jersey before the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4820" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T20:11:23.687" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T20:11:23.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5023" CreationDate="2014-06-20T22:13:30.303" Score="6" ViewCount="37692" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching today's World Cup game between France and Switzerland. At the end of the game the referee blew the final whistle while the French team was attacking and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/20/switzerland-v-france-world-cup-2014-live-report&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;right after a French player scored a goal&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee blows his whistle. And he's the Clive Thomas de nos jours,&#xA;  because a split second later, Benzema is lashing a first-time&#xA;  conversion of a right-wing cross into the top left from the edge of&#xA;  the area! He races off to celebrate France's sixth goal, but it won't&#xA;  count!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the referee have to wait for the end of an action to blow the final whistle or can they do it whenever they want? In case of the latter, why don't games end at e.g. 91:00, 92:00, 92:00... sharp?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-21T05:52:06.440" LastActivityDate="2021-09-15T12:59:45.250" Title="End of the game: does the referee have to wait for the end of an action to blow the final whistle or can they do it whenever they want?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5019" CreationDate="2014-06-20T22:56:43.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule saying the ref must allow the attacking team to continue. However, it's generally understood that the ref should allow play to continue. So it's more of a guideline, not a rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Just saw the end of the question. The ref is allowed to add as much time as he wants, even beyond the stated amount on the board. (If a ref is obviously favoring a team, then he'll still be disciplined) This allows for injuries, subs, the ball going out of play, all of that stuff that happens in stoppage time to be taken into account. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4821" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T22:56:43.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5019" CreationDate="2014-06-22T10:12:32.413" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290851.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;only reference in Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, to what you are asking is the following bit regarding the additional time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 7 - the duration of the match:&#xA;Allowance for time lost&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;substitutions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;assessment of injury to players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;wasting time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any other cause&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/23/interpretation_law07_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;interpretation of this law&lt;/a&gt; gives some additional information, although still not a solid answer to your questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many stoppages in play are entirely natural (e.g. throw-ins, goal&#xA;kicks). An  allowance is to be made only when these delays are&#xA;excessive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth ofﬁcial indicates the minimum additional time decided by&#xA;the  referee at the end of the ﬁnal minute of each period of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The announcement of the additional time does not indicate the exact&#xA;amount  of time left in the match. The time may be increased if the&#xA;referee considers it  appropriate but never reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee must not compensate for a timekeeping error during the&#xA;ﬁrst half  by increasing or reducing the length of the second half&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I can say from my personal experience is that the referee will consider two factors just before blowing the final whistle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is either of the teams in a favourable position?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is the ball in play?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ideal scenario is that the ball is either cleared to a neutral zone by a defender or for instance by a goal kick. It's of course not always the case, and based on circumstances the ref could blow the final whistle at a less than optimal situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T12:57:34.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5043" CreationDate="2014-06-22T13:15:03.940" Score="10" ViewCount="40668" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, you often see a player gets injured. Then the physio comes and they use a spray often called as &quot;magic spray&quot;. Does anyone have any idea what it is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking for the actual details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T01:13:58.357" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T01:13:58.357" Title="What is the &quot;Magic Spray&quot;?" Tags="|football|equipment|injuries|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5019" CreationDate="2014-06-22T15:48:35.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, we must first recognize that a game is 90 minutes long; not more, not less. Some people might think that a game is 90 minutes + overtime, but that's not true. A game is 90 minutes long, and the added time is there to compensate for time lost. On TV, the clock is often running, but the ref's clock is paused when time's wasted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, the referee is supposed to end the game as soon as the 90 minutes are up, regardless of where the ball is at that given moment. The only exeption is when there's a penalty, which must be allowed to be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, referees often allow the game to go on if there's an obvious chance of a goal, or a dangerous free kick situation, et cetera. They are not supposed to do it like that, but they often do to avoid unnecessary involvement and conflicts. They are supposed to end the game as soon as the 90 minutes are up, but since they are the onces deciding how much time to add on, they can be a little bit flexible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T15:48:35.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5026" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5035" CreationDate="2014-06-22T19:16:14.973" Score="12" ViewCount="24008" Body="&lt;p&gt;Choosing jersey and shorts colours for all concerned seems to be a reasonably complicated process:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;each team has a set of colours they consider theirs (from their flag, or associated with them)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any pair of teams might both want, say, red and white, but they need to be easily distinguished on the field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the goalkeepers need to be in a different colour than both teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the refs are in a fifth colour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen ref shirts that match colours I've seen on teams, so it's not that there are separate pools of colours to choose from for each category. I confess I am not paying enough attention to notice if a given keeper always wears the same colour or if top and bottom on a keeper always match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how is this sorted out? Are there rules? Is there some colour-assigning ceremony? Do teams have to submit their uniforms for approval?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then there's the &quot;I'm not on the field&quot; pinny that any player in uniform but not playing wears. I've seen these in brown and purple. Are these chosen not to conflict with any uniforms, or must someone work all those combinations out also?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T11:59:49.907" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T11:59:49.907" Title="How are the uniform colours determined in the World Cup?" Tags="|football|uniform|fifa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5024" CreationDate="2014-06-22T21:05:02.640" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It contains anesthetics. When players get hit or tackled they could be in great amount of pain, but their team still needs them to play. The physicians apply the spray and the injured body part goes numb, so players can continue playing with no pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2006/06/whats_that_magic_spray.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-05-05T15:49:46.760" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T15:49:46.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5137" CreationDate="2014-06-22T21:10:56.303" Score="9" ViewCount="50194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that Thomas Müller of Germany wears very small shin guards (at least most of the time). If I remember correctly he did the same thing during the last world cup or Euros. I played a bit of soccer when I was young and can't understand why a professional player would refuse to wear shin guards that cover all their shins. They are the only thing that keep you away from seriously hurting your shins and going through ridiculous pain. So what's the reason behind this? Why would you leave a considerable amount of your shins unprotected and risk getting injured??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T05:09:40.173" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T15:56:47.150" Title="Why do some soccer players wear small shin guards?" Tags="|football|equipment|world-cup|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5030" CreationDate="2014-06-22T21:58:27.157" Score="10" ViewCount="1448" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching USA vs. Portugal right now, and both teams have brought kids out onto the field for the national anthems. But it's not just these two teams that do it, it seems like every team, even in past World Cups does it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the team players bringing out their children? Or are the children symbolic of something greater?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2014-07-06T04:51:40.300" LastActivityDate="2023-08-02T17:52:40.447" Title="Why do World Cup teams bring kids out onto the pitch before the game" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5029" CreationDate="2014-06-22T22:33:34.607" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The kids have won a contest by McDonald's, a sponsor. News coverage from &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/2014-fifa-world-cup-soccer-players-walk-kids/story?id=24231054&quot;&gt;ABC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bustle.com/articles/28220-the-world-cup-national-anthem-kids-who-are-they-why-are-they-there&quot;&gt;Bustle&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.leaderpost.com/sports/Regina+wins+trip+World/9957563/story.html&quot;&gt;a Canadian newspaper&lt;/a&gt;. They are generally athletes (not exclusively football) and &quot;good citizens.&quot; Technically, the kids are bringing the players onto the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T12:03:05.467" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T12:03:05.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5026" CreationDate="2014-06-23T00:49:48.567" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course there are rules. This is FIFA you're talking about, there are &lt;strong&gt;always&lt;/strong&gt; rules. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Simple enough, FIFA states that the playing equipment, which comprises&#xA;  of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards, and&#xA;  footwear, may consist of no more than four colors. Adhering to the&#xA;  same rule, as well, the goalkeeper must clearly distinguishable from&#xA;  the players on both teams. Before competition, teams must inform FIFA&#xA;  of two kits: one predominantly colored and one predominantly white.&#xA;  One of those kits are designated the official kit, while the other is&#xA;  defined as the reserve in case of clash between teams. Likewise, the&#xA;  goalkeeper will provide three different colored kits to wear&#xA;  throughout the competition, as the possibility for clashing is&#xA;  greater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The numbers and letters used on the uniform to identify players are&#xA;  subject to far more complex rules, as they must fit within a certain&#xA;  template. Numbers on the back of the shirt must be centered and&#xA;  between 25 cm and 35 cm in height, as well as between 3 cm to 5 cm in&#xA;  thickness, while the numbers on the front of the shirt and shorts must&#xA;  be between 10 cm and 15 cm in height. Numbers can be applied to either&#xA;  leg of the shorts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately for companies such as Nike, which prides itself on&#xA;  iridescent or chrome numbers, equipment may not be made of reflective&#xA;  material or change color or appearance due to lighting or water and&#xA;  must be distinguishable from the rest of the kit. If a number were to&#xA;  clash with the rest of the uniform, a squared number zone would be&#xA;  created on the front and back of the shirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another form of identification, the player's name, follows a similar&#xA;  rule in that it must be in contrasting color to the shirt. The&#xA;  player's name, which must be positioned at least 4 cm above the number&#xA;  on the back of the shirt, must be between 5 cm and 7.5 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, both the names and numbers appearing on the shirts or&#xA;  shorts must be permanently sewn or ironed directly onto the uniform,&#xA;  and no player with temporary means, such as Velcro, will be allowed in&#xA;  the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Uniforms are allowed a decorative element, such as sublimated stars&#xA;  and stripes on a United States kit, but only if it does not dominate&#xA;  the shirt or shorts and/or limit the ability of a player. As long as&#xA;  the decorative element does not give the impression of a&#xA;  manufacturer's identification, a religious or criminally affiliated&#xA;  symbol, or any registered trademarks, FIFA will sign off on the&#xA;  design.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another guideline the kit must follow is that each sleeve, no matter&#xA;  the length, must keep a 12 cm by 8 cm free zone for FIFA specific&#xA;  badges. This is where the World Cup logo will be placed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On the front of the shirt, the country can place an identification no&#xA;  more than once, whether it is the official member association emblem,&#xA;  mascot, flag, name, or nickname. The identification must be positioned&#xA;  at chest level and must not interfere with the legibility of the&#xA;  number. The national flag may be placed on the sleeve opposite of the&#xA;  free zone or on the back collar of the shirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The identification may also be placed at the bottom of each number on&#xA;  the back of the shirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Likewise, the shorts can use an identification (flag, emblem, etc) no&#xA;  more than once and be place only on the front. In addition to the&#xA;  rule, a flag can be placed on the front waistband of the shorts.&#xA;  Member identification must be on the opposite side of any&#xA;  manufacturing logos and numbers and vary in measurements, depending on&#xA;  the form of identification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Socks must display the same two forms of member identification, to be&#xA;  chosen among the member flag, emblem, or name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The reigning champion of the FIFA World Cup must display a champions&#xA;  badge throughout the tournament. In 2014, Spain must wear a specially&#xA;  made badge on the front of the shirt at chest level. The badge&#xA;  measures 80 mm by 55 mm and will be provided by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In continuing the theme of past champions, member associations that&#xA;  have won one or more editions of the World Cup may display a&#xA;  five-pointed star(s) on the shirt and/or shorts. The star(s) must be&#xA;  positioned immediately above the member identification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FIFA will also provide two captain's armbands for international play,&#xA;  composed of the colors of the country's flag, but contrasting to the&#xA;  uniform. Free of any manufacturer identification, sponosors, or&#xA;  decorative element, the armband will simply have the word &quot;captain&quot;&#xA;  and FIFA logo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper may wear gloves of any color, but must be in contrast&#xA;  to the shirt. The goalkeeper's name or number may appear once on the&#xA;  left-handed glove, while the country's flag or emblem may appear once&#xA;  on the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At their discretion, the goalkeeper may also wear a cap of any color,&#xA;  to be affixed with no more than one form of identification, as well as&#xA;  their name. The same goes for any headbands or arm/wristbands that a&#xA;  player may wear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Like member identification logos, manufacturer logos are also subject&#xA;  to regulations. The manufacturer may place its name/wordmark and logo&#xA;  on any equipment item it so chooses, but are only permitted to use it&#xA;  three times throughout the kit. It should be noted that both socks&#xA;  count as one item and shoes are at the player's discretion. The&#xA;  manufacturer logo can be placed in any of the following locations: the&#xA;  bottom of the sleeves, the chest opposite of the member identification&#xA;  logo, the shorts adjacent to the number, and/or the socks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In some cases, such as Adidas' three stripes, a manufacture logo may&#xA;  be incorporated into a strip, which may be placed along the player's&#xA;  side, the cuffs of the sleeve or shorts, and/or the top of the socks.&#xA;  In some instances, a manufacturer may choose to form a repeated&#xA;  pattern of logos to make such a strip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Furthermore, it's not just the players whose look is subject to FIFA's&#xA;  strict rules. Coaches, referees, ball boys, and even the game-used&#xA;  ball must use specific logo placement. If any participating member of&#xA;  the country does not follow these rules, they are subject to a penalty&#xA;  and can be docked points or banned from future tournaments. In a World&#xA;  Cup qualifier ten years ago, Cameroon wore Puma's one-piece uniform,&#xA;  resulting in penalties and FIFA amending regulations to outlaw such&#xA;  designs in the future. To avoid such situations moving forward, FIFA&#xA;  now requires manufacturers to submit all designs one year in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.landgrantholyland.com/uniform-nation/2014/6/4/5779630/2014-fifa-world-cup-uniform-guidelines-kit-requirements&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4837" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T00:49:48.567" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5032" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5034" CreationDate="2014-06-23T01:57:29.603" Score="6" ViewCount="2564" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throughout the World Cup the Google Doodle has been FIFA themed, and clicking it takes you to a search for the latest game. Today it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=United+States+vs+Portugal&amp;amp;oi=ddle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;United States vs Portugal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The search brings up a chart which appears to be a summary of the game. It looks like it should be obvious what everything means but I can't make heads or tails of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a standard football (soccer) game chart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, how is it meant to be read?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a key available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full chart reproduced below in case Google results change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/u6mNm.png&quot; alt=&quot;Imgur&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4838" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T20:09:46.917" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T20:44:24.613" Title="How do I read this chart about a FIFA World Cup game from Google?" Tags="|football|world-cup|match-report|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5032" CreationDate="2014-06-23T07:13:07.213" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The timeline shows the major events in the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will try to explain by using few events as shown in your example timeline.&#xA;The number in bracket always indicates the respective player’s jersey number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5'  Nani (#17) 0 – 1 Portugal: a goal was scored by Nani for Portugal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16' Portugal made a subtitution, in which Hélder Postiga (#23) was replaced by Éder (#11).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;46' Portugal made a subtitution, in which André Almeida (#19) was replaced by William (#6).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;64' Jermaine Jones (#13) United States 1 – 1: a goal was scored by Jermaine Jones for USA.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;75' Jermaine Jones (#13) gets a yellow card (see the color of the card shown)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;90+1' First minute of stoppage time, USA makes a substitution.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;90+5' Fifth minute of stoppage time --&gt; a second goal was scored by Silvestre Varela (#18) for Portugal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is additional time allotted after the standard 90 minutes are over. &#xA;Please refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4998/does-stoppage-time-actually-equal-all-non-playing-time-during-a-half&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of the timeline can be read using the above examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this is a pretty standard timeline chart for a football match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T20:44:24.613" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T20:44:24.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5026" CreationDate="2014-06-23T09:43:05.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is regulated by FIFA. They require that each team provides two kits for the outfield players, and three for the goalkeeper, and submits them to FIFA before the tournament starts. The process is described in &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_update_e_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;this FIFA document&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;35.2 Each team shall inform FIFA of two different and contrasting colours&#xA;  (one predominately dark and one predominately light kit) for its &#xA;  official and reserve team kit (shirt, shorts and socks). In addition, each&#xA;  team shall select three contrasting colours for the goalkeepers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you state, most teams have traditional colours for the official kit, and FIFA requires that this is worn by both teams if the colours are different enough. If the colours could cause confusion, then one team must wear the reserve kit, and this is usually team B in the official schedule, unless FIFA decides otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;35.5&#xA;  FIFA will inform the teams of the colours that they shall wear for&#xA;  each match. As far as possible, each team shall wear its official&#xA;  colours as declared on the official team colour form. If the two&#xA;  teams’ colours and the match officials’ colour might cause confusion,&#xA;  in principle, team A in the official match schedule shall be entitled&#xA;  to wear its official team kit and team B shall use its reserve team&#xA;  kit or, if necessary, both teams may have to wear a combination of&#xA;  their official and reserve team kits. FIFA will endeavour to ensure that each team&#xA;  wears its official team kit at least once during the group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that FIFA also decide which of the three goalkeeper's kits is to be worn, but couldn't find a quote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee's kit is supplied by FIFA, and I assume that they made enough colors available to avoid confusion, then picked the best kit for the match based on what the players are wearing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The match officials shall receive their official refereeing kit and&#xA;  equipment from FIFA. They shall wear and use only this kit and&#xA;  equipment on matchdays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T09:43:05.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5039" CreationDate="2014-06-23T09:48:47.583" Score="6" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've received conflicting advice from various Head Referees concerning whether I should give a skater an Equipment Violation penalty for removing their mouthguard in a valid Pre-Jam Position (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://wftda.com/rules/20140301/section/3.2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WFTDA rules 3.2&lt;/a&gt;) whilst waiting for the jam to start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happens most commonly between jams, such as during an official timeout when skaters tend to relax. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wftda.com/rules/20140301/section/9.1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 9.1.1&lt;/a&gt; deals with Protective Equipment, and states &quot;while skating in a jam&quot;. This implies no penalty is to be given, however from a safety perspective that skater is at risk from an unintentional jam start, which is not an entirely rare occurrence at games I've attended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4830" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T13:03:08.700" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T13:03:08.700" Title="Should a roller derby skater receive a penalty for removing their mouthguard on track between jams?" Tags="|rules|equipment|officiating|skating|roller-derby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5037" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-23T12:15:14.550" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related tags&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag could be used in conjunction with:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/skating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;skating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;skating&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/equipment&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;equipment&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;equipment&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/officiating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;officiating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;officiating&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_Derby&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Roller Derby on Wikipedia&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wftda.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Women’s Flat Track Derby Association&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ukrda.org.uk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;UK Roller Derby Association&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4830" LastEditorUserId="4830" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T13:04:14.063" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T13:04:14.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5038" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-23T12:15:14.550" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of roller derby, a contact sport played by two teams of five members roller skating in the same direction around a banked or flat track. Modern roller derby is an international sport dominated by all-female amateur teams, in addition to a growing number of male, co-ed, and junior roller derby teams." OwnerUserId="4830" LastEditorUserId="4830" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T12:49:52.353" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T12:49:52.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5036" CreationDate="2014-06-23T12:52:26.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this question a couple of times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The WFTDA rule is all about &quot;skating in a jam&quot; so skating between jams isn't covered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a lot of venues have different insurance policies that will apply for skating between jams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The head ref should be made aware of any policies and filter these through to other refs and captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it would be feasible to penalise a skater if they were violating venue insurance policies. But only if they had been told what they were to begin with. Maybe a warning then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4844" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T12:52:26.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5040" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-23T18:56:19.023" Score="8" ViewCount="1249" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is soccer trending in the United States? Anecdotally, it seems like the World Cup is generating a lot more interest here this year than it did when it was hosted here twenty years back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not seeking opinions (&quot;&lt;em&gt;I think it's a lot more popular, and so does my pet lizard!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) as I already have my own one of those to not trust.  My question is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any &lt;em&gt;metrics&lt;/em&gt; that can indicate whether US interest in soccer is rising faster than just the rate of US population growth?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm open to any source of data that might reasonably be measured against a baseline: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Growth rate of participation in soccer leagues over time vs. other sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soccer equipment gross sales vs. that of other sports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TV ratings struck me as one good proxy, but just going off TV ratings may be tricky, due to confounding factors - Sunday's US vs. Portugal match was watched by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/24/business/media/bigger-than-baseball-us-portugal-world-cup-match-outdoes-world-series-in-ratings.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;25 million people&lt;/a&gt; in the US, beating out the previous record for a soccer game (1999 Women's World Cup final) by about 7 million viewers. It also beat out viewership of the latest World Series and the NBA Finals, by about 10 million viewers each. And US TV ratings for the 2014 World Cup are ~50% greater than they were for the 2010 World Cup. But... that World Cup was in South Africa, which was 6 hours later than New York, and 9 hours later than LA. Plus, the US wasn't in the hyper-competitive &quot;Group of Death&quot;, with no Ronaldo star power to keep casual fans glued to their TVs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TV ratings may help to determine a general trend for football's (soccer's) popularity in the United States, but can anyone find or point me toward other stats that may paint a more complete picture?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T12:58:18.977" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T12:58:18.977" Title="Is football's (soccer's) popularity in the US increasing?" Tags="|football|world-cup|media|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4964" CreationDate="2014-06-23T20:11:09.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As FIFA rules declare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By comparing goal differences&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total Goals scored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drawing of lots by the FIFA organizing committee&#xA;These rules are only in FIFA World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/competitions/Regulations/01/87/54/21/1875421_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for more details&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4850" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T20:50:44.863" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T20:50:44.863" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-23T23:23:03.127" Score="4" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of the FIFA World Cup, does a team being placed in a &quot;Group of death&quot; have much of an impact on the likelihood of a team winning the tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, would a mid-ranking team have its likelihood of winning the tournament, prior to any matches being played, be 1 in 10 if it's in an easy group, and 1 in 100 if it's in a difficult group, or would the difference be more like 1 in 10 versus 1 in 10.1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T22:51:08.880" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T14:20:34.740" Title="How much of an effect does a &quot;Group of death&quot; have on teams winning the World Cup?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5024" CreationDate="2014-06-24T03:29:07.870" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The spray is actually a burst of very cold water/mist with ingredients to help/make it cool (I don't have one on hand to know what is inside). The term 'magic' can refer to its history and the seemingly miraculous way the player gets back on his feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is cold because it can help with reducing inflammation which in turn can reduce pain on knocks / joints. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may also get a heat spray which can help muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physioroom.com/catalog/Hot_Cold_Therapy/2001.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T03:29:07.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3377" CreationDate="2014-06-24T05:42:56.020" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Advantages of the backhand serve on your forehand side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;getting quicker to the center of the court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;easier to watch the ball &amp;amp; opponent as you are facing it when moving to the center&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cons could be accuracy, less power as compared to a forehand serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T05:42:56.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5045" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-24T07:38:59.843" Score="7" ViewCount="1315" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct way to shoot a football? Please suggest me some drills for improving my shooting power?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4852" LastEditorUserId="4852" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T05:22:56.400" LastActivityDate="2021-08-17T17:14:49.347" Title="How can I improve my shot?" Tags="|football|technique|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5045" CreationDate="2014-06-24T09:44:33.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are number of ways to shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sidefoot shot  - In this shot, you hit the ball with the side of your foot. This gives you  greater accuracy and you will have more control over where the ball should go.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instep (laces) shot -  This is a shot where you hit the ball with your instep (the area where your laces are). This gives you more power than a sidefoot shot, if followed through nicely. Also this can cover a greater distance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Toe poke - This is the least preferred shot. That's because you don't get much accuracy with this, and the ball just goes straight ahead. This can be used when you are very near to goal, and are rushed to take a shot. Basically to &amp;quot;Stab the ball home&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Outside of your foot - This is basically the reverse of side foot, and in this you hit the ball with the outside of your foot. This is useful in cases when you need to give the ball the reverse spin. It doesn't generate a lot of power though.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To improve your shooting power, have a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2442/what-factors-does-the-shot-power-depend-on-and-how-can-it-be-improved/2529#2529&quot; title=&quot;answer&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T12:01:12.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5048" CreationDate="2014-06-24T12:40:22.363" Score="3" ViewCount="1114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an analog to baseball's scorecard for football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4856" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T13:03:32.573" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T13:09:19.807" Title="Scoring an American Football Game?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5047" CreationDate="2014-06-24T13:09:19.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it's not really possible to keep score in football like you do in baseball (in baseball you capture a lot of data that would be impossible to capture in football), they do make scorebooks for football games so that you can track various statistics (like you'd track hits, homeruns, strikeouts etc in baseball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example a quick search on &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B000GFWC64&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Amazon&lt;/a&gt; turns up. This obviously doesn't have a very good look at what the pages look like, but it appears it has space to track plays through the game (possibly even indicating formation, yardage and how the runner/receiver ran his route). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted that similar score tracking devices are employed in football (soccer), and basketball. They don't have the same nostalgia factor you see in baseball scorekeeping (I've never seen a picture of a fan in a stadium for any of football, american football or basketball keeping score, whereas its common practice in baseball to distribute score sheets in programs). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T13:09:19.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5045" CreationDate="2014-06-24T13:20:04.967" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no one-true way to shoot in football, the only correct way is the way that works (i.e. the way you can score the most with). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said shots can be classified with the part of the foot that comes in contact with the ball, as SahuKahn has mentioned in his answer. I'll give more details: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inner side of the boot: the most classic shot with the inner side of your boot. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvEjbVpqaK0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; explaining this type of shot. Pros: typically best accuracy, most control on the ball thus best chance to &quot;place&quot; the ball. This type of shot is also easier to fake and continue with a dribble. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Knuckle&quot; shot: name is pretty self explanatory really. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzaseZTNveE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a long video&lt;/a&gt; showing examples and some explanation as to how to shoot like that. The advantage is that the ball path is really difficult for the goalkeeper to judge, and the drawback is that it's hard to &quot;get it right&quot;. Usually you need a good and controlled run up to the ball, thus this type of shot harder to pull off in the heat of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have personally tried it out and I can see a definite improvement of my shot even tho I am not quite there yet.. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lace shot: This would be the footballs equivalent of a &quot;smash&quot;. I would call it a typical, old-school English shot with Steven Gerrard and Frank Lampard being two kings of this type of shot. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNBoQfBYUvE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a video&lt;/a&gt; comparing those two players (the first 2 mins is relatively irrelevant fan stuff). Pros; full power on the shot, practically the entire motion of the leg is transferred to the ball. Cons; hard to control the accuracy, also ball path is usually pretty much straight &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Outside shot: This is actually pretty much the opposite of #1. Outside of the boot, very little control (usually) and you get the reverse curve on the ball. Good example of such shot would be to look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Quaresma&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quaresma&lt;/a&gt;, here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMAe3IZdGIg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a small collection of goals he scored&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of shot is unpredictable and hard to save for the goalie and it typically generates a counter-intuitive path. However it's also extremely hard to get it effective and outside of the boot is typically not the best part of the foot for control. For instance I was told on multiple occasions to keep my outside-foot dribbles/shots/passes to an absolute minimum. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chip: You use the front part of your boot and go under the ball, to lift the ball quickly. This type of shot is used to &quot;chip&quot; the ball over the goalkeeper, either because the goalkeeper is far off the goal (in comparison to where the ball is) or that goalkeeper is charging to sweep the ball. Here are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMaASKOc1ag&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some examples.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides these you can of course shoot with your toes, or heel etc, but that's not that much different than shooting with your knee or shin; the ball hits you somewhere and if you are lucky and get a &quot;clean&quot; hit then the ball bounces back towards the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not recommend relying on a toe-shot (even though we have seen several scored this world cup like Oscar's goal vs Croatia) as it's weak and typically very straight ball path. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for how to improve: &lt;strong&gt;practice makes perfect&lt;/strong&gt;. Look for drills, take shots against a wall, against targets, ask tips and pointers from friends. I typically play with the ball before and after the games, and aim at the goal, the posts, the crossbar, any signs or lampposts, even friends. Even that counts as practice... The more shots you take, the better your foot and your brain understands the ball paths, and amount of power you need to put in to get the shot right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T08:25:55.773" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T08:25:55.773" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5051" CreationDate="2014-06-24T14:20:02.603" Score="24" ViewCount="10606" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that the country's basic language is French, but you don't see any other countries using non-English names in the World Cup.  Japan isn't called &quot;Nihon&quot; or &quot;Nippon&quot;, Germany isn't called &quot;Deutschland&quot;, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So just out of curiosity, why is Ivory Coast being referred to as &quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot; by various sources for the World Cup, but no other country is being referred to like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4857" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T16:55:37.940" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T16:55:37.940" Title="Why is Ivory Coast being referred to as &quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot; in the 2014 World Cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5050" CreationDate="2014-06-24T14:22:09.737" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is actually quite simple here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Côte d'Ivoire prefers to be referred to this way. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Therefore, in April 1986, the government declared Côte d'Ivoire (or, more fully, République de Côte d'Ivoire) to be its formal name for the purposes of diplomatic protocol, and officially refuses to recognize or accept any translation from French to another language in its international dealings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, they're Côte d'Ivoire, not Ivory Coast, because they say so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:22:09.737" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5078" CreationDate="2014-06-24T16:01:30.197" Score="3" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got involved in canoe racing and I am curious about the most efficient techniques of turning a canoe around a buoy without losing your forward speed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4861" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T17:09:34.153" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T21:49:50.110" Title="What technique is most efficient for turning a canoe fast?" Tags="|technique|training|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5073" CreationDate="2014-06-24T18:47:43.323" Score="1" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember watching the College World Series in Omaha as a kid in the 1960s, and I remember watching Sal Bando and Rick Monday play for Arizona State.  Are there any MLB players who have played on a College World Series championship team and also won a World Series ring?  Of those, if any, did there happen to be anyone who played in a Little League World Series championship game?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:30:51.497" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T15:59:17.963" Title="College World Series winners winning a World Series Ring" Tags="|baseball|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5056" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-24T18:54:07.783" Score="1" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of seasons ago, Baltimore's Chris (&quot;Crush&quot;) Davis filled in as an emergency pitcher in a long, extra-inning game, pitching 2 innings and not giving up a run.  What non-pitcher has the best ERA with more than 5 innings for a career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:31:04.607" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T20:16:33.343" Title="The most successful non-pitchers on the mound" Tags="|baseball|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5055" CreationDate="2014-06-24T19:42:07.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roger Clemens won 1983 College World Series with the Texas Longhorns and the 1999 and 2000 MLB World Series with the Yankees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4867" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T19:42:07.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5056" CreationDate="2014-06-24T20:44:03.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thanks to SamtheBrand for the great chart showing how non-pitchers faired statistically on the mound.  Some would doubt the inclusion of Babe Ruth to the list because most of his incredible pitching statistics were done when he was principally a pitcher for the Red Sox.  Many of the other &quot;non-pitchers&quot; with substantial stats as pitchers played 100 years ago.  But of those from the &quot;modern&quot; era of baseball, one name stands out -- Jimmy Foxx.  The Hall of Fame 3B and Catcher offered to pitch when needed for the Phillies in his last season, 1945, when his hitting had gone sour because of declining eye sight.  Still, the war was still going on, and the player pool was thin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One biographer captured that year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Foxx hit the last seven home runs of his career for the Phillies, but what made his final season unique was his turn on the pitching mound. Volunteering to help the team out in any way he could, Foxx pitched 23 innings, with a 1-0 record and 1.59 ERA. His high point on the mound came in the second game of a doubleheader on August 19, when Foxx pitched five no-hit innings in an emergency start. (He had pitched once very briefly while with the 1939 Red Sox.) His last major-league at-bat came against the Dodgers on September 23. At the close of the season Foxx retired for good, with a .325 lifetime batting average, 2,646 hits, and 534 home runs—a total that was second only to Ruth until 1966.  His total of 1,922 runs batted in still ranked as 8th all time in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/e34a045d&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/e34a045d&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T20:44:03.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5256" CreationDate="2014-06-25T00:15:25.113" Score="6" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both teams have demonstrated they can achieve similar offensive production. Does defense become more important? Is there a unique strategy regarding three-point field goals, steals, assists or other changes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3704" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T13:20:26.377" LastActivityDate="2015-02-28T01:25:08.867" Title="How does basketball overtime strategy differ from regulation?" Tags="|basketball|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4270" CreationDate="2014-06-25T06:27:06.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The man of the Series was given to JM Anderson (England) and AD Mathews (Sri Lanka) jointly in England Vs SriLanka Test series held in England 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-sri-lanka-2014/engine/match/667901.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Scorecard for the final match of that series.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1460" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T06:27:06.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10520" CreationDate="2014-06-25T06:39:07.410" Score="5" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4270/man-of-the-series-award-for-two-players&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, it's clear that more than one player can get the player of the series award in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2005/man-of-the-match-award-for-two-players&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, it's clear that more than one player can get the player of the match award that too from the same team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a query that,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is there any instance in the history of cricket that more than one player &lt;strong&gt;from the same team&lt;/strong&gt; got the man of the series award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T14:49:46.440" Title="Man of the series award for two players from same team" Tags="|cricket|trivia|history|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="339" CreationDate="2014-06-25T08:36:34.260" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;People often forget that running correctly, is actually quite hard. Most people that ran a lot during childhood, get it more or less right, but if your the type that never really has run a lot, some instruction can be very helpful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Internet guides, articles and so on, are good, but I would probably look to your local atletic club where they have competition +800 meter runners and get some lessons there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't have to join the club, but get 3-4 lessons, come back in some months and get some follow-up lessons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4880" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T08:36:34.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5069" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5070" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" Score="0" Body="Questions about professional wrestling." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:53:35.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4958" CreationDate="2014-06-25T15:02:58.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football you cannot keep the ball, it has to be returned to the field. If it is not damaged, it will be used for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket also the ball has to be returned to the field. In case the ball is not found, it is considered a lost ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T23:25:00.017" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T23:25:00.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5086" CreationDate="2014-06-25T15:39:37.483" Score="8" ViewCount="606" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the world cup games I was thinking, are there any players which are currently not employed by any club and participating in this world cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-06T09:18:34.137" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T09:18:34.137" Title="Are there any players who playing at 2014 World Cup without a club?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5055" CreationDate="2014-06-25T15:45:59.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second half of your question is actually answered &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/little_league_world_series_major_league_world_series.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (very bottom of page):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Did you know that only two Major League players have appeared in a Little League World Series, College World Series, and Major League World Series Series? Those players are Ed Vosberg, who participated in the Little League World Series (Tucson, Arizona, 1973, Runner-Up), College World Series (University of Arizona, Champions, 1980) and the 1997 World Series; and Jason Varitek who participated in the Little League World Series (Altamonte Springs, Florida, 1984), College World Series (Georgia Institute of Technology, Runner-Up, 1994) and both the 2004 World Series &amp;amp; 2007 World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vosberg is the actual answer here, his LL team played in the championship game and his college and pro teams won it all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the first half. I suspect there is far more overlap in these two data sets. I'm going to CW this and see if we can build a comprehensive list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/little_league_world_series_major_league_world_series.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ed Vosberg (Arizona 1980, Florida 1997) &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/408814-college-world-series-its-25-greatest-major-league-participants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Roger Clemens (Texas 1983, NYY 1999,2000)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T15:59:17.963" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T15:59:17.963" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-06-25T15:45:59.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5074" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-25T18:00:06.897" Score="1" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB baseball teams send developing players to minor league affiliates.  Do the proceeds from minor league games to to play the players or the major league team, or does the owner of the minor league team use revenues solely for the expenses of the park?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:19:47.463" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:19:47.463" Title="Do minor league baseball clubs pay the players?" Tags="|baseball|finances|milb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5075" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-25T18:51:17.260" Score="5" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 24 June 2014, Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez was accused of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-bite-uruguay-striker-accused-of-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-latest-controversy-during-world-cup-clash-9560650.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;biting Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini&lt;/a&gt; during the 80th minute of Uraguay's 1-0 group stage win. It wasn't the first time Suárez was accused of biting an opposing player. Suarez was suspended 10 games in 2013 after biting Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic. In 2010, while playing for Ajax, Suárez was suspended 7 games for biting PSV's Ottman Bakkal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These 3 incidents are now well known. But are there lesser known biting incidents in Suárez's past? Are there any quotes by other players suggesting Suárez plays even dirtier than we might imagine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T14:21:49.677" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:21:49.677" Title="Are there reports of Luis Suárez biting other players (but not getting caught)?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5605" CreationDate="2014-06-25T19:51:36.393" Score="5" ViewCount="1443" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are minor league hockey teams financed?  Does the team pay the players themselves, or are their contracts paid for by the NHL parent franchise?  I recall that before the 1967 NHL expansion, Hall-of-Famer Eddie Shore owned the Springfield Indians AHL team and owned the contracts of its players.  He often made injured players earn their keep when missing games by selling programs.  All players had to help clean the arena.  The LA Kings wanted one of Shore's players, but he refused to sell.  Kings owner Jack Kent Cooke bought the Indians from Shore to get the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T17:48:25.197" Title="Do minor league hockey teams pay their players?" Tags="|ice-hockey|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5074" CreationDate="2014-06-25T19:53:16.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Minor league baseball players on affiliated clubs (non-independent leagues) are payed by their parent organizations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proceeds from the games go to a variety of other things like travel and stadium expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_league_baseball#Current_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Generally, the parent major league club pays the salaries and benefits of uniformed personnel (players and coaches) and bats and balls, while the minor league club pays for in-season travel and other operational expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T19:53:16.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5053" CreationDate="2014-06-25T21:49:50.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the turn is a sharp turn around a buoy the trick is to pivot.  Depending on how fast you are going, the prow needs to be a bit past the marker.  Then pivot around it first with a bow pull and then a cross body pull at the stern.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example: if you are going around a buoy to the starboard and have your paddle on the starboard side too, as you pass the marker start with a pull straight at the gunnels as far to the bow as you can (while still retaining good form).  Then as the stern swings, switch to a cross body pull as far to the stern as possible.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I think a cross body pull to the stern is more powerful than a pry even if you feel a bit like a pretzel doing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T21:49:50.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5040" CreationDate="2014-06-25T21:53:03.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=soccer&amp;amp;geo=US&amp;amp;cmpt=q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google Trends&lt;/a&gt; there has not been a significant increase in popularity over time, although the world cup certainly generates unusually high interest (search term &quot;soccer&quot;; graphs limited to US region):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N4kx9.png&quot; alt=&quot;US Soccer trend&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the same trend compared with basketball (search term &quot;soccer&quot; in blue, &quot;basketball&quot; in red):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PxrlL.png&quot; alt=&quot;US Soccer vs. Basketball trend&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball has increased in popularity over the years, while soccer has remained mostly stagnant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searches for &quot;MLS&quot; (Major League Soccer) actually show &lt;em&gt;decreasing&lt;/em&gt; interest in professional soccer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AdKMf.png&quot; alt=&quot;US MLS Interest Decreasing&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For comparison, &quot;NFL&quot; (blue) and &quot;NBA&quot; (red) have had a strong increase in recent years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vqehK.png&quot; alt=&quot;US Searches NFL and NBA&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4895" LastEditorUserId="4895" LastEditDate="2014-06-27T18:53:18.830" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T18:53:18.830" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-25T23:00:08.553" Score="2" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am recovering from an Ulnar claw repetition injury, more &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/16392/fingers-for-intensive-sports-requiring-hands-a-lot-recoving-from-ulnar-claw&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;: apparently one reason is too tight synthetic narrow strings with extremely dense string pattern 16x19. I am still an amateur. I mostly play inside. I use Babolat Pure Drive Roddick. According to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vq9fmXWvEE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;, I should not select co-poly strings because they do not absorb the vibration. Durable strings are not comfort strings according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RBmNwaJuJo&amp;amp;t=0m45s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Babolat video&lt;/a&gt; -- so apparently I should find comfort strings that are not durable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solution candidates&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more comfortable topspin, one plan is to have hitting surface with less dense pattern and not stiff strings (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPUZWugjMOA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;related where video visualises hitting surface&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Natural gut products such as Babolat VS Touch and Babolat Tonic+ are mentioned in this context due to its ability to absorb vibration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Helper questions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which factors should I look for in selecting the strings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soft strings with small tension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Width? Which gauges and why? Details such as 15L and 16G mean the gauges, more &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/lc/RacquetStringTerms.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;The higher the gauge number, the thinner the string and typically measured in millimeters&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which kind of hitting surface? How densely knitted and the impact on comfort?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:06:20.957" Title="Tennis strings with the ulnar claw hand repetition injury?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5081" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5083" CreationDate="2014-06-25T23:50:01.620" Score="1" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Babolat advertising &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2toIK29wx5w&amp;amp;t=1m55s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; mentions the durability with players such as Rafael Nadal. According to google, durability means &lt;em&gt;&quot;the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. I am not sure what it means here: it does not certainly mean too muscular because muscle is very expensive cell in terms of natural metabolism rate aka energy needed per time unit. Too muscular person cannot continue playing because of getting tired during a long run so not durable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I am trying to make the connection to durability and monofilament strings. What do the two things have to do with each other? I cannot see the connection. Please, explain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why should durable tennis players use strings of monofilament?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T10:11:52.877" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:11:52.877" Title="Durable tennis players with strings of monofilament, why?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5081" CreationDate="2014-06-26T04:08:26.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Monofilament (mono = one) strings are one single strand of string, extruded during the string manufacturing process as a single solid strand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multifilament (multi = many) strings are several (usually hundreds) of tiny filaments inside a coating or sheath - no single solid strand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What the guy in that video is saying is that monofilament string made from polyester material is made for a single purpose: to be as durable of a string as possible. Players such as (like the guy says) Rafael Nadal use monofilament polyester strings because they last the longest when you hit with an extreme amount of spin and strength, as Nadal does. So the monofilament poly string lasts him longer than any other string would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read up more about different string types (materials and construction) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/LC/StringReference.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T04:08:26.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5080" CreationDate="2014-06-26T04:23:25.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless you want to start spending a lot of money on strings - don't start using natural gut and fall in love with it. It's by far the most expensive string out there - it runs $50 USD (or more) a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for more comfortable strings, look at strings like Technifibre NRG2, Wilson Sensation, Wilson NXT or other multifilament strings. Those will be more comfortable on your arm and will have decent durability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as tension goes - the higher tension, the less vibration will be absorbed so more impact on your hand/arm/elbow. Lower tension will be more comfortable - but not too low or that will generate a lot of vibration also. Somewhere in the 40-53 lbs (18-24 kg) range should be comfortable and not too low amount of tension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were you, I'd look for a 17g (between 1.18 and 1.25) string. That should provide plenty of comfort and a little bit of easy/effortless power as well. You could go even higher (like 18g) but a thinner string won't be as durable. This is why you won't find 18g natural gut strings - they don't make an expensive string that's so non-durable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the hitting surface - this is known as the racquet's &quot;string pattern&quot; - such as a 16x19 string pattern (mains x crosses) or an 18x20 pattern. An 18x20 pattern is considered more &quot;dense&quot; than a 16x19 or 16x18 pattern because there are more main and cross strings inside the racquet frame with an 18x20 pattern. I've never heard of any particular string pattern being more comfortable than another - only that 18x20 is better for touch shots (volleys, drop shots, etc.) and 16x18 patterns are a little better for topspin, since the ball can pocket on the strings a little better due to the wider gaps between the strings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T04:23:25.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5087" CreationDate="2014-06-26T07:51:44.050" Score="6" ViewCount="1172" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alternative title:&lt;/strong&gt; Please explain why the situation leading to Antonio Valencia's red card was not also a foul on Lucas Digne's part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In yesterday's match Ecuador - France, around the 49th minute a situation occured that looked to me like this (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/videos/highlights/match=300186515/index.html&quot;&gt;this FIFA &quot;highlights&quot;&lt;/a&gt; video from second 41):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player Y (yellow) has played the ball and is running after it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player W (white) throws himself, feet first, towards the ball (and Y's running direction), perpendicularly and with no chance of controlling the ball, but some chance of reaching it and changing its direction.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player Y, with coming W into his way, seems to slowdown slightly, but still extends one leg towards the ball, reaching it the same time as W. His foot lands on the ball, slides off it, lands on W's knee, potentially injuring him.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After some time for treatment of W, referee sends Y off (red card), to no protests from him or his team (presumably the scene has been replayed in super-slow motion several times on screens in the stadium by then).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what was Y supposed to do in that situation? If he had tried to get his front leg onto the grass, given W's momentum it would have ended up under him and Y would have fallen over him with no chance of using his legs to soften the fall (unless risking stepping onto W with the other leg).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extending his leg further in hope of landing past W would mean risking injury to this leg (and falling anyway, too). Note that this was a split-second decision to take.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize it would have been the gentleman-ly thing to do to take the harder fall, but either way I look at it, W's action should have knocked Y off his feet. Why is this not a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4772" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T09:11:46.147" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:25:04.063" Title="Player throwing himself into another running player's way" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5072" CreationDate="2014-06-26T08:08:08.833" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Algerian &lt;strong&gt;Madjid Bougherra&lt;/strong&gt;, who played in two group stage games, was (according to the German TV commentator I heard) &quot;without a club&quot; when he was substituted in in the 97th minute (i.e. during extra time) in the round-of-16 game against Germany. That was almost an hour before midnight June 30 Algerian time (CET), just after midnight July 1 German time (CEST) and an hour after midnight in Qatar (AST), where he had been employed last (with Champions Lekhwiya), so even when assuming that his contact expired June 30,  he was probably without a contract then (although it was still June 30 in Brazil, where he and the TV commentator were at the time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mexican goalkeeper &lt;strong&gt;Guillermo Ochoa&lt;/strong&gt;, nicknamed &quot;the wall&quot; after his performance against Brazil, has been mentioned as a &quot;free agent&quot; by a TV commentator when I watched the game (I do not remember hearing this about any other player so far) and in various easily google-able newspaper articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailystar.co.uk/sport/football/385667/Atletico-Madrid-join-Arsenal-in-race-to-land-Mexico-keeper-Guillermo-Ochoa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This one from June 25&lt;/a&gt;, for example, which links him to various European top clubs, states that &quot;his contract with French side Ajaccio expired earlier this summer&quot; (I have been unable to find a reference to the exact date).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4772" LastEditorUserId="4842" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T09:28:50.613" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T09:28:50.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5085" CreationDate="2014-06-26T08:42:37.133" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general rule in sliding tackles is whether or not you get to the ball first before making any contact with the attacking player. As a defender your responsibility is to make sure you are going after the ball, and as an attacker you make sure that you play the ball and not the defender.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case above Lucas Digne gets to the ball first and executes a textbook sliding tackle. A. Valencia tries to get to the ball, before the tackle and presumably wants to step on the ball to stop and avoid the tackle. Unfortunately for him, he's a bit too late (and too fast to stop so suddenly) so his step lands on Digne's foot. The reason it's a direct red, and that he doesn't even complain is due to the fact that he's going into contest for the ball with his studs &quot;high&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The judgement here by the ref is that Valencia, at the time of the tackle did not have full possession of the ball and it was a contest for the ball by two players. In that scenario, if you go in to the contest with your studs it's dangerous play (with high chance of injury for the other player) and penalized with a red. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.se/search?q=de+jong+tackle+on+xabi+alonso&quot;&gt;Nigel de Jong's infamous move&lt;/a&gt; last World Cup. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T09:20:03.337" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T09:20:03.337" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4996" CreationDate="2014-06-26T10:18:59.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They use video processing software that either track the players by jersey color or other features such as their jersey number. They can also place markers on the players before the game and have the software track them from the moment they walk onto the pitch. Finally they can also have a cell on their person that tracks each players relative postion on the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you apply one of these tracking techniques it is pretty easy to get the distance traveled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C831bOjtJfg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video 1&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqQIItFAnxg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4898" LastEditorUserId="4898" LastEditDate="2014-06-27T08:35:42.183" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T08:35:42.183" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5085" CreationDate="2014-06-26T10:25:04.063" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/5087/3526&quot;&gt;posdef's answer&lt;/a&gt; is pretty much correct. I tend not to use the term &quot;dangerous play&quot;, as it sounds a lot like &quot;playing in a dangerous manner&quot;, which is a different offence where no contact is made and a player is unable to play the ball for fear of injury to his or her self or an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Digne challenged in a way that was neither careless, reckless, nor excessively forceful. He kept his leg flat on the ground, slid it directly in front of the ball and carefully swung it towards the ball. The slide was never directed straight at Valencia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Valencia had eyes for the ball, and won the ball while trying to control it, slightly after Digne collected it. Yes, it was &quot;studs up&quot;, but challenging with studs raised isn't explicitly illegal in the Laws of The Game. There are times where most referees will allow it, such as poking at the ball, or turning on the ball at lower speed. The problems caused by these challenges (and this one here) are usually more about the sheer amount of force used, rather than which part of the boot is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Challenging with the &quot;studs up&quot; usually means the challenge is made with a straight, locked leg. As the reaction force from the collision is straight up the leg, instead of perpendicular to the knee, there is no give in the leg, transferring most of the force to the point of contact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When leading with the bottom of the boot, the momentum of the player is concentrated to a much smaller surface area, and harder surface at the bottom of the boot. That's what makes &quot;studs up&quot; challenges so dangerous. Excessive force can be achieved with any other part of the boot - it just needs to be swung a lot harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Valencia hit the ball, went &quot;over the ball&quot; (another common feature of bad tackles) into Digne's leg at great speed, with a straight leg. Most of his momentum (weight and speed) was transferred into the point of contact with Digne. The risk of injury to Digne was extremely high here, and that left the referee with no choice but to identify it as excessive force and send-off Valencia for serious foul play. If Valencia had been moving at half of the speed he was, I don't think this even would have been a foul, or if so only careless (or a free kick) at best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Valencia had made the challenge using his toe, he probably would have fallen on Digne (as he did anyway), and play would have continued. The chance of injury to either player would have been unlikely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also could have slid into the tackle with his toe pointed out, and both players' legs would have collided with a large surface area, making it neither careless, reckless or excessively forceful. Play probably would have continued here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I gave an explanation of &lt;em&gt;careless&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;reckless&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;excessive force&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/5006/3526&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:25:04.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4740" CreationDate="2014-06-26T11:47:30.083" Score="-7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually its a good question.I just find these answer with these &lt;a href=&quot;https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120525032513AAzcZHg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can present &lt;code&gt;two&lt;/code&gt; different ways. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on the angle of hitting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;using range of a projectile formula. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;R=v² Sin (2Θ)/g &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Where : v= velocity at time of hitting… &#xA;&#xA;g= 9.8 m/s^2 &#xA;&#xA;Θ= Angle at which ball is hit.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using initial velocity &amp;amp; acceleration of the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;S = ut + 0.5at² &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;t = the time the ball stays in the air &#xA;u = initial velocity at which the ball left the bat (calculated like bowling speed) &#xA;a = 9.8 m/s^2 &#xA;s= distance travelled by the ball&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  It's broadcaster choice to use different scientific approaches to find the distance travelled by the ball.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4899" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T11:47:30.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5075" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:58:18.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, he attempted to bite the same player, Giorgio Chiellini, in the Confederation's cup last year, and its attracting a lot of interest in the media. So we can call it a second time lucky for Luis Suarez. See &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2668987/Luis-Suarez-tried-bite-Giorgio-Chiellini-Confederations-Cup-year-long-wait-finally-got-man.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4853" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:58:18.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5072" CreationDate="2014-06-26T13:42:15.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that almost all European contracts are drawn until the 30th June of a given year (due to the new football season in most of Europe starting on 1st July), &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; both Frank Lampard and Ochoa are still club players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason they are reported as free agents is because they, or their club, have indicated that there is no interest from one, or both, parties to extend the contract further. This is much like how Bacary Sagna (France), indicated to Arsenal he will not be signing a new contract and has signed a contract with Manchester City. He's still on Arsenal's books until the 30th June and on the 1st July will become a Manchester City player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that England have already been eliminated, he doesn't fall under the player without a club category, and currently, neither does Ochoa. Mexico, however, are still in the competition at the time of writing, although they face a tough task against the Netherlands on the 29th June to progress further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom line: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Mexico progress from their tie against the Netherlands, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;then, and only then&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; will he be a player without a club, two days later (1st July)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3719" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T13:42:15.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4996" CreationDate="2014-06-27T03:05:18.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 16 cameras around the field that can track each player's distance traveled within 3% accuracy. &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.wsj.com/numbers/tracking-how-far-soccer-players-run-112/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source - WSJ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4905" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T03:05:18.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5096" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-27T04:08:16.020" Score="4" ViewCount="1834" Body="&lt;p&gt;Michael Bradley of the US team leads all athletes in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/players/distance.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;distance covered&quot; during the group stage of the 2014 World Cup&lt;/a&gt; with 38 km (23.6 mi) in 270 minutes of play. That's about 8 mi per game (90 min), for an average speed of 5.33 mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How much more calories does football (soccer) burn per mile compared to running?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it considerably more exhausting than running for 90 min straight at 5.33 mph? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think yes, considering Bradley and other players are in fact sprinting and resting (more tiring, I think, than medium-distance jogging), plus constantly shifting directions, which I assume requires more calories than running straight ahead &lt;sup&gt;(citation needed)&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is the &quot;distance covered&quot; metric measured this way actually analogous to running? Is 8 miles on the soccer pitch equivalent to some greater distance on a racetrack?  What's the conversion rate for &quot;distance covered&quot; in soccer vs. running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much more or less calorically expensive is soccer than running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-06-27T22:38:09.300" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T16:23:49.790" Title="Does football (soccer) require more calories than running?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|performance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5098" CreationDate="2014-06-27T05:49:24.577" Score="4" ViewCount="884" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard on several occasions from TV commentators that the tennis balls are now faster, which means that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serve_and_volley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;serve and volley&lt;/a&gt;, once typical for grass court, is much less common nowadays. I have also read similar claims in some internet discussions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone explain this in a layman's terms? Basically I would like to ask, for example, about things like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;How and why has the speed of balls changed? Does ATP/WTA/ITF give some regulations about types of balls used in their tournaments?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;How does this influence whether player can use serve and volley style? (For example, do changes in racket technology influence this?  What about changes of the grass? Do players physical abilities have also some bearings on this?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are there some other reasons why serve and volley is becoming less common?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-06-29T07:50:29.570" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T05:49:53.000" Title="How changing tennis balls influence players using serve and volley?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|tournaments|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5097" CreationDate="2014-06-27T06:22:43.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't heard much of anything about the &lt;strong&gt;balls&lt;/strong&gt; being faster - but there are definitely other factors that have contributed to serve and volley (S&amp;amp;V) becoming a much less common playing style in tennis these days. The balls used across ATP tournaments are generally the same (Head ATP is the official ball brand of the mens tour currently), with the exception of the brand used at Wimbledon - I think Wimbledon uses a Slazenger grass-specific ball that has a little bit more bounce to it since the grass at Wimbledon provides the least amount of bounce compared to clay and hard court surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as what has contributed to the decline of S&amp;amp;V style tennis - there are several factors but there is one that stands out above the rest and is sort of the cause of the other factors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the strings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advances in string technology (mainly polyester strings) have made it so that players can take a bigger, harder swing at the ball and at the same time generate more topspin so that the ball stays in the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, tennis players - physically speaking - have followed the trend seen in other sports and are now generally taller, stronger and faster on average than the players seen in prior decades (70's/80's/90's).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grass court tennis (what little of it is played each year) actually used to be considered the fastest surface of all and saw a lot of &quot;boring&quot; matches played where the number of aces and service winners hit was much higher than on other surfaces. To try and make grass court tennis a little more interesting, over the past decade or so (at Wimbledon) they have added a little bit of sand to the ground beneath the grass in order to slow the grass game down just a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So taking all of these factors into consideration together (the strings, player physicality and surface changes) - it means that a tennis player in today's game trying to execute a serve &amp;amp; volley style game has to face faster returns with more topspin on the ball, and an opponent that can run down more of your volleys than in prior decades and a surface that is giving S&amp;amp;V tennis less of an advantage than it used to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, serve &amp;amp; volley tennis just isn't seen as being as effective as baseline tennis from a numbers &amp;amp; percentages standpoint - and tennis is all about the percentages. The margin between winners and losers at the top of the game is very thin and plenty of matches are won by just a couple of points here and there going one player's way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since serve &amp;amp; volley isn't seen as being as effective, this also means that fewer players want to develop a game around it and fewer coaches try to teach it to junior players. This effect just kind of implodes inward on itself and now you have a style of game that very rarely includes serve &amp;amp; volley tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T06:22:43.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4958" CreationDate="2014-06-27T07:30:32.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, if the ball crosses the field boundary then it is considered a throw or free-kick (unless it is a penalty as judged by the referee). It is derived from rules of all major leagues. The rules of football is applicable to the field i.e. it does not consider the crowd as part of the rule; throwing the ball at the crowd is considered the same as the ball crossing the field boundary. The ball is to be returned to the field for the play to continue. In case the ball is not found, it is considered lost and a replacement is brought in. In case the ball is damaged, a replacement is brought in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4906" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T23:24:54.117" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T23:24:54.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4810" CreationDate="2014-06-27T18:47:42.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a general bit of advice, go to youtube and do a search for learning how to jump on a snowboard and you will find a wealth of information. Some really good videos with great advice and knowledge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an opinion from someone who snowboards every chance he can :) first do as ipso referenced and do not try jumps so much as get comfortable gliding off an edge/lip so that you get used to the feeling of the approach, the transition, and the landing and ride-away point. Aside from working on that aspect you should start to practice to Ollie. This can (and should when learning) be done on a gentle slope to get the timing down. If you are not familiar with the move, you are essentially shifting your weight back over the tail, lifting your front foot and then jumping with your back foot while allowing the built up spring from your tail to help you jump. In the air you then stabilize your board again to prepare for the landing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason to learn how to Ollie is that for small kickers, such as the ones leading to rails, it is helpful to either Ollie or hop as you reach the end to ensure you get enough pop off of them to land safely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again check out some videos to at least understand the techniques, other than that, go out and ride as often as possible :)   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4911" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T18:47:42.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2995" CreationDate="2014-06-27T21:05:54.563" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ultimately this goes back to David Berkoff, a US Olympic backstroker in the '88 and '92 games. He realized that by dolphin kicking underwater he could go faster than swimming on top of the water (no surface tension to slow you down).  Using this technique, he was able to set several world records and an NCAA championship.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The problem was, this underwater dolphin kick is also quite suitable for freestyle or butterfly, and if most of the race is underwater dolphin kicks there wouldn't be much difference between the strokes. (Breaststroke requirements preclude dolphin kicking). Therefore FINA decided to limit the distance that a back/fly/free swimmer could remain underwater dolphin kicking.  Why 15 meters was chosen isn't completely clear, other than being a manageable fraction of a 50 meter long course pool, and not to far off what many people were doing already coming off a wall with a few kicks. At least one note I have found states the original limit was 10 meters (Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ishof.org/Honorees/2005/05dberkoff.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Berkoff's bio at the International Swimming Hall of Fame site&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T20:48:08.083" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T20:48:08.083" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-27T21:49:02.310" Score="3" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;I popped into the middle of a conversation on the radio today. It was about the Dutch national football, about to play in the World Cup second round facing Mexico in Fortaleza. The conversation on the radio was about the heat (30+ C) and humidity (80%) at that location. These are tough conditions, but somehow they have a trick to minimize impact. It can freely be translated into &quot;indrinking&quot;. What does &quot;indrinking&quot; mean in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="392" LastEditDate="2016-05-08T05:23:38.020" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T21:21:34.710" Title="What is &quot;indrinking&quot;" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-28T13:23:58.337" Score="3" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know if footage exists of an American amateur tennis player who got into the men's open singles at Wimbledon in the 1960's and turned out to be an absolute rubbish player which caused big changes to the definition of the title &quot;open&quot; singles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4917" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-06-29T08:20:35.907" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T08:20:35.907" Title="Elmer Shoop mens open tennis wimbledon" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-06-30T18:03:00.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5105" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14424" CreationDate="2014-06-28T18:10:44.073" Score="0" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a moderately fast runner and really do not want to add 55+ grams to my wrist. Arm is OK. Anyone have experience mounting the GPS watch on the arm - a la' iPod armband?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1341" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T10:34:54.173" Title="Arm mount for GPS Watch" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T21:18:00.130" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5106" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-28T18:26:41.343" Score="2" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the formula (I'm not sure it exists at all, maybe it's just a random number) to determine the amount of extra (added) time in futbol (soccer) that get's added after the obligatory 90 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think that it should be the sum of every action that wastes time. Like injuries, corners, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I almost see, from 1 minute, up to 5 minutes, never more than that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4998/does-stoppage-time-actually-equal-all-non-playing-time-during-a-half&quot;&gt;Does stoppage time actually equal all non-playing time during a half?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T06:44:50.967" Title="How exactly is the stoppage time determined?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-06-30T10:40:37.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5109" CreationDate="2014-06-28T19:02:42.327" Score="6" ViewCount="807" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a short clip showing Suárez apparently trying to bite his own Liverpool teammate, who was celebrating after a goal. When did this happen? Do we know any additional context that would explain what Suárez was doing and why he was trying to do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8QzZ1.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Suárez seems to try to bite his own teammate&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I think @Ben is right. Suárez is trying to slide on his knees and failing. Momentum keeps his upper body moving forward even when his lower body has ground to a halt. His mouth is probably open because he's yelling (happily).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T17:02:47.187" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T17:02:47.187" Title="In what game did Luis Suárez (seemingly) try to bite his own teammate?" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5075" CreationDate="2014-06-28T19:04:15.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a video clip that seems to show Suárez trying to bite his own teammate and failing.&#xA;I've just filed &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5107/in-what-game-did-luis-su%C3%A1rez-seemingly-try-to-bite-his-own-teammate&quot;&gt;a question&lt;/a&gt; to find out more about what was going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2uIQ9.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Suárez seems to try to bite his own teammate&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: After watching this a number of times I think that @Nicholas is right. Suárez is trying to slide on his knees and failing. His mouth is probably open because he's yelling (happily). I'll leave this answer up here for humor value unless a StackExchange expert advises otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T00:51:04.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5107" CreationDate="2014-06-28T21:07:20.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is Steven Gerrard of Liverpool (current Captain of the English national team and Liverpool) celebrating after the second goal of a game vs. Manchester United played on March 16, 2014 (the final score of that games was 3-0 for Liverpool). Gerrard scored on a penalty kick and the GIF above is the celebration after that goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-06-28T21:12:55.217" LastActivityDate="2014-06-28T21:12:55.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="339" CreationDate="2014-06-28T21:29:55.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Responding to several of the answers here: running barefoot may be a fad - and may even work for some minority of the population - but one should be careful and informed if inclined to attempt it.   Careful studies have shown downsides to running barefoot in terms of sacrificing speed/performance and distribution of stress on the foot.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative may be to wear rather minimalistic shoes. How minimalistic you may go would be very specific to you/your feet.  Consider that having slightly more weight but having the support you really need will go a long way towards avoiding injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as your form: it would make sense to be evaluated by a running coach.  They can give you tips on areas you might be able to tweak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1341" LastActivityDate="2014-06-28T21:29:55.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5114" CreationDate="2014-06-29T17:35:32.983" Score="14" ViewCount="1118" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player already has a yellow card, but is then awarded a direct red card (not a second yellow card), does the first yellow card still stand? The player misses the next match, but in the following match, is the yellow card still valid or is it cancelled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4924" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T05:15:59.280" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T05:15:59.280" Title="Does a direct red card cancel a previous yellow card?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5113" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5115" CreationDate="2014-06-29T21:29:47.957" Score="3" ViewCount="702" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say the game is tied in the bottom of the 9th, you have a runner on third and one out, what is the best strategy for scoring a run and winning the game? Is it a play that requires the current batter to sacrifice himself, or is that risky since you're then down to only having one batter left? Should the batter bunt it, or only bunt it when the strike count is at 2?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="3655" LastEditDate="2014-06-29T22:49:14.887" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T01:57:16.393" Title="What are the best strategies for a game winning run with 1 out and a runner on 3rd?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5112" CreationDate="2014-06-30T00:17:13.807" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends entirely on the competition rules, but for FIFA sanctioned competitions (such as the World Cup), the following from page 17 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/75/discoinhalte.pdf&quot;&gt;FIFA Disciplinary Code&lt;/a&gt; applies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player is guilty of serious unsporting behaviour as defined in Law 12 of&#xA;  the Laws of the Game and is sent off (direct red card), any other caution he has previously received in the same match is upheld.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most football associations will follow FIFA's lead and adopt this regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T00:17:13.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5113" CreationDate="2014-06-30T01:48:05.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are five basic strategies when there is a runner on 3rd and less than 2 outs (1-0 doesn't matter much). Provided its a tie game or you are down by one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The riskiest is the suicide squeeze. This is a decent percentage play, but comes with a good amount of risk. The batter bunts the ball and as the ball is pitched the runner on third breaks for the plate. The batter &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; get the bat on the ball or the play becomes a straight steal of home which requires a good bit of luck (or panache on the part of the runner) to pull off. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the first, the safety squeeze is another option. This play is very similar to the squeeze bunt, but the runner waits until the batter has the bunt down to commit to going home. If the opposing team elects to go to first with the ball, the runner is usually safe, but if the fielder goes home, it's a much lower percentage play than a squeeze with a successful bunt. In general squeeze plays are desperate attempts when there is no other hope (generally a terrible batter is up). Article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lookoutlanding.com/2013/8/19/4634526/the-squeeze-play-how-to-feel-about-it-spoiler-alert-not-good&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; goes more in depth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most conventional option here is the sacrifice fly. In this play the batter attempts to hit a fly ball deep enough to score the runner from third (the runner is allowed to tag the base and advance if the ball is caught and there aren't 3 outs). The problem here is that &lt;em&gt;trying to hit a sac fly&lt;/em&gt; isn't actually something hitters have &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/do-batters-try-to-hit-sacrifice-flies/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;much control over&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a lot of hitters, hitting a deep fly ball isn't a great option (they just don't have the power or that's simply not their game). In this case, a sharp grounder to the right side of the infield may lead to the run that they need. Usually when there is a runner on third and the game is very close, the infield will play in on the grass, this provides them with ample opportunity to throw the ball home, but leaves them susceptible to well hit grounders getting through to the outfield scoring hte runner. Again, this isn't necessarily something hitters have a huge amount of control over.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The last option is actually the best in a late and close situation if you are down a run. That is simply to &lt;em&gt;change nothing about your approach&lt;/em&gt;. Here's the thing, if there are fewer than 2 outs, there is a runner on third, just simply taking a &lt;em&gt;normal approach&lt;/em&gt; leaves you with a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tangotiger.net/re24.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;run expectancy&lt;/a&gt; of between 1.43 (0 out), and .989 (1 out). The odds of scoring a single run are between 85% (1 out) and 67%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from the fact that squeezes are high risk, relatively low reward (back yourself out of a potential big inning or worse any run scoring situation at all) and the fact that how you hit the ball is something of a crapshoot, the absolute best thing you can do is...rely on your hitters to do their jobs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The truth is, with an &lt;em&gt;average&lt;/em&gt; ML hitter at bat (or even any hitter above replacement level one to be honest), your best bet is actually to just let them bat. You'll score about 1 run per inning in a situation with a runner on third and 1 out. That's not a guarantee, but that's probably about as close as you come in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T01:57:16.393" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T01:57:16.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5118" CreationDate="2014-06-30T04:55:19.430" Score="14" ViewCount="21093" Body="&lt;p&gt;After having seen Brazil win its match against Chile 3-2 on penalties, I was wondering how the overtime is played. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that sudden death? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T04:40:54.857" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T06:04:13.710" Title="FIFA World Cup 2014 overtime" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5117" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-30T05:29:15.493" Score="2" ViewCount="803" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player gets injured in a match, there are substitutes to replace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about umpires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_west/8134885.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a news in BBC site&lt;/a&gt; dated 5 July 2009 that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An old umpire of aged 72 got died after being hit on the head by a&#xA;  ball. That match got abandoned and it was only a domestic league&#xA;  match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the rule for this in international matches that an umpire got injured?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T09:45:12.190" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T22:21:11.827" Title="What will happen if an umpire get injured in a cricket match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|injuries|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5116" CreationDate="2014-06-30T06:42:47.110" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no sudden death in football, overtime (OT), or &lt;em&gt;extra time&lt;/em&gt;  (not to be confused with &lt;em&gt;stoppage/additional time&lt;/em&gt;) as it's called in soccer context,  is played in two halves 2 x 15 mins. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA tried the sudden death concept several years back, it was called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_goal#Association_football&quot;&gt;Golden Goal&lt;/a&gt;. The idea was that the first goal in the OT would be the tiebreaker. It got quite a bit negative critique and this was replaced with Silver Goal (see the same link above), which was a thought to be a decent compromise between a sudden death and regular OT. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the golden goal and silver goal were removed from the Laws of the Game eventually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T10:46:13.830" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T10:46:13.830" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5117" CreationDate="2014-06-30T08:12:13.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is always a reserved umpire in any match. So if any umpire get injured the reserved umpire is called for umpiring. &lt;em&gt;Mostly&lt;/em&gt; host nation's umpires are used as reserved umpires. See in a Test match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/west-indies-v-new-zealand-2014/engine/match/730281.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;New Zealand and West Indies&lt;/a&gt; Gregory Brathwaite is a reserved umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T08:12:13.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4996" CreationDate="2014-06-30T08:32:16.827" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several types of tracking technology exist, and the type used depends upon the the circumstances of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In training, some teams are now tracking with systems like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/bf/ln/referenzprojekte/redfir.html&quot;&gt;RedFIR&lt;/a&gt;, a German technology comprised of tiny (15 gram) radio transmitters that can be placed in uniforms, footwear or balls, and a network of receivers set up around the field. The system detects events like passes, crosses and goals, plus provides real-time info on player step count, speed, and distance covered. Fraunhofer IIS, the company that makes RedFIR, says that its radio-based system provides a major benefit over other tracking solutions: &quot;its tracking capability is not diminished by obstacles obscuring the line of sight.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But so far FIFA hasn't adopted the technology. This may be because &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21584440-technology-and-sport-deployment-goal-line-technology-assist-football&quot;&gt;rules changes would be required&lt;/a&gt; to implant the transmitters into balls. Also, players haven't been to receptive towards adding microchips to their shoes or shin guards during competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA relies on a visual tracking technology called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.deltatre.com/on-stage-solutions/matrics/case-study/&quot;&gt;&quot;Matrics&quot;&lt;/a&gt; made by the Italian company deltatre to provide data that make up the heat maps, passes completed and distance covered stats made available at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/index.html&quot;&gt;the World Cup official site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From deltatre's webpage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;deltatre can very proudly say to have successfully delivered 3 FIFA World Cups™ since 2002 (South Korea and Japan 2002, Germany 2006 and South Africa 2010) and a total of 1.191 matches including other FIFA Competitions: result of continuous investments in software, hardware, training and people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://motherboard.vice.com/read/this-system-turns-the-beautiful-game-into-big-data&quot;&gt;Motherboard&lt;/a&gt; provides a fascinating look at how &quot;Matrics&quot; is being used at the 2014 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="26" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T20:40:42.043" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T20:40:42.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5117" CreationDate="2014-06-30T09:51:19.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an onfield umpire is ill or injured in an international match, then he is replaced by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_umpire&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;third umpire&lt;/a&gt;. The duties of the third umpire are then performed by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_umpire&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fourth umpire&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of this was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvaus2009/engine/match/416236.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st ODI: India v Australia at Vadodara&lt;/a&gt; where the planned umpire Mark Benson fell ill shortly before the match, and was &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/113921-umpire-benson-falls-sick-replaced-by-saheba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;replaced by the planned 3rd Umpire&lt;/a&gt;, Amish Saheba.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note: the link you gave was to the unfortunate case of the umpire dying on the pitch. Here, extra considerations to the feelings of players, coaches, officials and the public would have to be made. I assume the match was abandoned for these reasons, and that it would almost always be possible to find a suitable replacement to act as a square-leg umpire for a local match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T09:51:19.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5122" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-30T11:11:07.050" Score="-2" ViewCount="3969" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the length of a cricket Bail?  How many types of Bail are there in cricket? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many length of Bails in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4931" LastEditorUserId="6203" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T11:22:16.293" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T11:22:16.293" Title="What is the length of a cricket bail?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5122" CreationDate="2014-06-30T11:38:26.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-a/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Appendix A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YofRM.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(considering the above image) the size chart is as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;     Senior               Junior&#xA;--------------------------------------&#xA;a        3.49 cm     a        3.18 cm&#xA;b        5.40 cm     b        4.60 cm&#xA;c        2.06 cm     c        1.91 cm&#xA;--------------------------------------&#xA;Overall  10.95 cm    Overall  9.68 cm&#xA;--------------------------------------&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T11:38:26.357" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5126" CreationDate="2014-06-30T11:42:17.367" Score="4" ViewCount="8197" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to check if the bowler is throwing instead of bowling in cricket? Is there any technology for checking throw bowling in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4931" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T06:25:49.323" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:28:43.483" Title="How to check if the bowler is throwing instead of bowling in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5124" CreationDate="2014-06-30T12:34:23.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we say the bowler is literally throwing the ball for example like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3t3FZm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-v-pakistan-2011/content/image/531211.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPNCrickinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then the umpire shall declare it as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;No-ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; imminently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say the bowler bowls throw balls in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bowling&lt;/a&gt; action. That means he is running and performing the same action as bowling like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MNFtA.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sup&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bowling_action.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but not bowling properly (i.e. still throwing the ball), then if umpires catch such action during the match (&lt;strong&gt;that is totally up to them&lt;/strong&gt;) they can call it a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;no-ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; immediately. However, even if they don't catch such illegal bowling actions, the report for the illegal bowling actions is generated by match officials. If any illegal action found they submit the report the the relevant team manager. And process further. You can check the full procedure on &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/525143d27cee1-18%5D%20Illegal%20Bowling_2013_WEB.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Illegal Bowling Actions &lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T12:34:23.403" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5127" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-30T14:37:45.040" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this year's Wimbledon playoffs, the top two women's seeds (Serena Williams and Li Na) have been ousted in the first three rounds. Going into the round of 16, there are only six players seeded 1-16, four seeded 17-32, and six are unseeded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That looks like a &quot;low seeded&quot; final four rounds to me. Is it common to have only three &quot;top five&quot; seeds and six unseeded contestants in the round before the quarter finals? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T22:44:52.740" Title="Is the &quot;makeup&quot; of this year's womens' field at Wimbledon unusual?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5116" CreationDate="2014-06-30T20:29:52.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not sudden death. Overtime is only played in the knockout stage (any match after group stage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the score is tied at the end of regulation, Overtime will be played. OT is 30 minutes, which is divided into two halves. At the end of OT if the score is still tied, teams move on to penalty shoot-outs. Notice that this means that in OT each team can score multiple goals! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The penalty shoot-outs work as the following: Each team has 5 tries and teams alternate their shots. A team wins if they score more goals than their opponent during these first 5 tries. Otherwise teams move on to sudden death, each getting one try at a time. If both teams score, or both  miss in the try, they go for another round until a team scores while the other team fails to do so. The scoring team is the winner of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T06:04:13.710" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T06:04:13.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5134" CreationDate="2014-06-30T23:29:14.117" Score="9" ViewCount="2058" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there been any coach(manager) that has won the world cup more than once? If so, please provide the manager's name, winning years and team(s) managed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T03:58:40.007" LastActivityDate="2021-06-09T03:01:30.803" Title="Football coaches who have won multiple FIFA World Cups" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5151" CreationDate="2014-07-01T01:06:47.470" Score="15" ViewCount="5230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Belgium is a country with three official languages (Dutch, French and German), all of which are used in practice by significant portions of the population, largely &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium&quot;&gt;divided by geography&lt;/a&gt;. Of course, football players come from all different regions. How do they communicate on national teams? Is there a dominant language, or does each just use his most fluent language while all others are assumed to be able to understand, more or less? In what language does the coach instruct the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, I've read somewhere that players (and some supporters) of Anderlecht use English to communicate and support the team. I hadn't imagined English to be such a popular choice in a country where it's not an official language. Does this claim make sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-02T15:55:40.670" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T11:25:01.860" Title="What language do Belgian football players use to communicate between themselves?" Tags="|football|team-dynamics|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5127" CreationDate="2014-07-01T03:06:27.053" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This kind of result in a grand slam event isn't that uncommon at all, really. One thing you've got to understand about the sport of tennis is that among the top 150-200 players in the world - they can all beat each other if one player isn't playing that well and the other is. The margin between winning and losing is really small and easily tilted in favor of one player given a break of serve or two. There are even matches where the losing player wins more total points than the winner does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also keep in mind that for major events (like Wimbledon) the singles draw begins with 128 players and so there are more rounds (and matches) for players to compete in, thus the chances of a seeded player losing goes up compared to say, the average tournament with just a draw of 32 or 64.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T03:06:27.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5130" CreationDate="2014-07-01T04:01:45.980" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Italy's Vittorio Pozzo was the first person to have won two FIFA World Cups as a coach (1934, 1938)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Pozzo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-09T02:59:25.420" LastActivityDate="2021-06-09T02:59:25.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5124" CreationDate="2014-07-01T06:21:21.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throwing_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Throwing in Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball is fairly delivered in respect of the arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or completely from that point until the ball has left the hand. This definition shall not debar a bowler from flexing or rotating the wrist in the delivery swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)#The_bowling_action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bowling Action&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A guideline was introduced to allow extensions or hyperextensions of angles up to 15 degrees before deeming the ball illegally thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4404874.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What Happens Next?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bowler will be wired up with number of sensors, and Biomechanics experts -  Human Movement Specialists monitor the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/780269.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the arm is bent at the onset of the delivery stride but remains rigid or does not flex or extend beyond the permissible 15 degrees during the duration of the stride, the action is not illegal. An action is only illegal if the arm flexes or extends beyond the permissible limit while in the delivery stride.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="3737" LastEditDate="2015-04-07T15:28:43.483" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:28:43.483" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2014-07-01T06:21:28.010" Score="-4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shin-guards provide superficial protection at best. If someone makes a really bad foul on you, they are not going to protect bones from being broken. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professional footballplayers are used to getting hit on the shins over and over again. Pain is temporary, and something you get used to. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many players train without shin-guards. Probably they feel that shin-guards constrict their movement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I for one feel they hamper movement and ball-control&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4880" LastEditorUserId="4880" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T07:46:26.993" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T07:46:26.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2014-07-01T07:00:34.177" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most important reason: It's simply a question of style.&#xA;Like Cristiano Ronaldo wears long socks, some others are wearing sweatbands, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, it's not very comfortable to wear shin guards. One sweats heavily underneath them.&#xA;In personal, because of this reason, I'm wearing my shin guards only during the game. Never during training, warm-up or even a training match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, most injuries around the shin guards take place lower (ankle) or above them (knee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-01-11T05:08:27.880" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T05:08:27.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5138" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-01T08:45:57.797" Score="2" ViewCount="7257" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many types of goal posts are there in football, and what materials are used to construct them? What are the dimensions of the goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4931" LastEditorUserId="1681" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T16:09:52.487" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T04:22:39.350" Title="What are the characteristics of goal posts in football?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5138" CreationDate="2014-07-01T09:05:30.427" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA's Laws of the game &lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The size of the goalpost is 7.32 m (8 yds) x 2.44 m (8 ft).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The distance between the posts is &lt;strong&gt;7.32 m (8 yds)&lt;/strong&gt; and the distance from the &#xA;  lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is &lt;strong&gt;2.44 m (8 ft)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ipH1D.png&quot; alt=&quot;Goalpost size&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;fifa.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other characteristics (taken from the same law):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal consists of two upright posts equidistant from the corner ﬂagposts and &#xA;  joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. &lt;strong&gt;The goalposts and crossbar must &#xA;  be made of wood, metal or other approved material&lt;/strong&gt;. They must be square, &#xA;  rectangular, round or elliptical in shape and must not be dangerous to players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-02T04:22:39.350" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T04:22:39.350" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5140" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-01T15:54:34.840" Score="10" ViewCount="8215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Our bowler banged it in short of length, in line with the off stump, and the batsman swings across the line sending the ball straight up over the pitch. Both batsmen immediately set off for the run and the wicket keeper stepped in the middle of the pitch to take the catch. The keeper was so bad at the catch attempt that the ball, which had a lot of back spin on it, went straight through his outstretched hands without making any contact whatsoever, and rolled back and hit the stumps all by itself. By this time the runner had reached the batting crease and he just stood there calmly watching the ball come back and hit the stumps. The striker was given out - bowled. Pretty straight forward isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my question is: do you consider that the batsmen had crossed for this wicket, even though the striker was bowled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new batsman ended up taking strike in the middle of the over in this case. But I cannot find anything in the MCC rules that refers to change of strike with respect to someone being bowled out. What do you think? Or by any freak chance has anyone seen this before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4945" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T09:36:22.937" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T10:48:41.717" Title="Change of strike in case of batsman is bowled?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5153" CreationDate="2014-07-01T16:26:56.330" Score="2" ViewCount="1924" Body="&lt;p&gt;Soccer teams are very strictly color coordinated at the international level (and at most lower levels). The two teams must have matching uniforms distinct from each other, and additionally the two keepers must be in colors distinct both from each other and from the teams' kits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it seems like anything goes with the boots. Some players color coordinate with their kits while others just go for crazy neon. Is there any rhyme or reason to this? Are there any rules players must follow when selecting their boots?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T16:51:47.807" Title="Are there any rules or guidelines concerning players' boots?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5143" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5144" CreationDate="2014-07-01T18:49:01.237" Score="1" ViewCount="2362" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/fedexcup/fedexcup-point-distribution--pga-tour-season.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FedExCup point distribution&lt;/a&gt;, point values are assigned to golfers finishing in the 1st through 85th positions of a PGA Tour sanctioned tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;in the event of a tie, how are FedExCup points distributed among tied golfers?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T13:50:50.577" Title="In the event of a tie, how are FedExCup points distributed among tied golfers?" Tags="|statistics|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5143" CreationDate="2014-07-01T18:49:01.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/fedexcup/fedexcup-overview.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FedExCup Overview&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the total points for each of the tying positions are divided equally&#xA;  among all players in the tying position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, five golfers tie for second during a &lt;em&gt;PGA tour event&lt;/em&gt; of a PGA Tour sanctioned tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second place alone would have accrued 300 FedExCup points, third - 190, fourth - 135, fifth - 110, and sixth - 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These values are added up and divided by the number of golfers who tied. &quot;The total points for each of the tying positions&quot; in this example is 835. Five golfers tied, so therefore, &quot;divided equally among all players in the tying position,&quot; each golfer would receive 167 FedExCup points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T18:49:01.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9137" CreationDate="2014-07-01T19:00:24.370" Score="8" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;Effective at the end of 2009, LPGA Tour golfers on the tour for two years were required to pass an English oral evaluation exam or face suspension&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/golf/news/story?id=3553888&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;em&gt;current&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/&quot;&gt;Women's World Golf Rankings&lt;/a&gt;, ten of the top 25 originate from Korea. Does the presence/prevalence of golfers from countries where English is not the native language a factor in this requirement? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the motivation behind requiring LPGA Tour members to speak English?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2020-12-20T05:45:20.400" Title="What is the motivation behind requiring LPGA Tour members to speak English?" Tags="|terminology|lpga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5146" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5147" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" Score="0" Body="Questions about the use of language in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T19:01:35.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5148" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5149" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" Score="0" Body="Questions about the LPGA TOUR, the organizer of main professional golf tours played by women in the United States and North America." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T19:02:21.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5131" CreationDate="2014-07-01T20:45:50.427" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;German isn't really a significant language in Belgium. All players will speak either French or Dutch. English is increasingly becoming an unifying language in the country as the Dutch of Wallonians is virtually non existent and despite some knowledge of French being widespread in Flanders it tends to be weaker than their English ability. I somehow doubt Anderlecht fans make much use of English on the terraces as they would be predominantly French speaking, although some chants may be in English for the benefit of the visiting supporters who are mainly Flemish as the vast majority of Belgian league teams hail from the Dutch speaking Flemmish region.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4948" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T03:29:22.187" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T03:29:22.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5140" CreationDate="2014-07-02T07:29:27.750" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There should not be a change of strike if the batsman is bowled. The umpire made the correct decision by letting the new batsman face the next ball. This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18&lt;/a&gt;, which states that the rule of batsmen crossing only applies if the dismissal is Caught, Obstructing the field or Run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. Batsman returning to original end&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) When a batsman is dismissed, the not out batsman shall return to&#xA;his original end [...] with the three exceptions of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Run out [...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Caught&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Obstructing the field,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for all other methods of dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Point 12 then goes on to detail what happens in the cases of Caught, Obstructing the field, and Run Out, which is that if the batsmen have crossed, the not out batsman faces the next ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12 Batsman returning to wicket he has left&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) When a batsman is dismissed Caught, Obstructing the field or Run&#xA;out [...], the not out batsman shall return to the&#xA;wicket he has left but only if the batsmen had not already crossed at&#xA;the instant of the incident causing the dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have left out the parts of the law that apply if there is a runner, as it makes it hard to understand, that is why there are several [...] in the quote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T07:29:27.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5141" CreationDate="2014-07-02T07:36:49.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Match kits (shirt, shorts and socks), both at the national and club level, are designed and determined in advance. Bigger clubs have new designs pretty much every year, most likely to sell more shirts whereas national teams usually get a new design for 2-4 years (major cups). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams typically have 2-3 kits. The idea is to have a home and an away shirt, and possibly alternative(s) to ensure there is enough contrast between the competing teams on the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the boots, it's pretty much free.. Most players have sponsorship deals with brands and thus wear a shoe they prefer from that brand. For instance, Messi has long been a brand figure (even has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.adidas.com/us/shoes-messi-soccer/_/N-svZ1z128npZ1z13y8w&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a line of products&lt;/a&gt;) for Adidas and thus wears Adidas shoes. Similarly Cristiano Ronaldo and Nike..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting to note that Adidas and Nike also produce the match kits for the respective countries. However I think this is merely coincidental, as I have seen players that wear shoes from a different brand than the kit supplier. I'll look for evidence :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T07:36:49.040" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="663" CreationDate="2014-07-02T08:12:19.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all about promotion.&#xA;Before the world cup 2006 in Germany one could participate at a competition of McDonalds. The winners were allowed to walk on the field with the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-29T03:16:52.873" LastActivityDate="2022-10-29T03:16:52.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5157" CreationDate="2014-07-03T01:59:14.720" Score="11" ViewCount="6952" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard the term &quot;press high&quot; repeatedly while watching the World Cup. What does it mean? Do teams that press high generally enjoy more possession or less?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2018-08-12T21:17:15.730" Title="&quot;Pressing high&quot; in football (aka &quot;soccer&quot;)" Tags="|football|terminology|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5156" CreationDate="2014-07-03T04:31:01.933" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means the team without the ball, moves higher up the pitch to put pressure on the team with the ball, with the idea of getting the ball back or forcing the other team to make a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say, teamA has the ball near their own goal. Then teamB will start putting pressure on teamA, by moving higher in the direction of teamA's goal. Players of teamB will start attacking teamA players to get the ball back. But the key point here is, it will be done nearer to teamA's goal. That's why it's called pressing high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As shown in the image below, blue team tries to pressure the red team, near the red team's goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2vgv1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Few benefits of pressing high are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defending from the front&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting the ball back - After all; if you don’t have the ball, you can’t score.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winning the ball back near to the other team's goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forcing mistakes by other team near their own goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Physiological pressure&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A disadvantage would be, you are more susceptible to quick counter attacks, and over the top balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T10:49:23.587" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T10:49:23.587" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5140" CreationDate="2014-07-03T10:48:41.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since I couldn't find it in the law, I posted a law query to lords.org. The reply I got from them is below. Which says that it is an unlikely scenario though Law 18.11 will apply (as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5140/change-of-strike-in-case-of-batsman-is-bowled#5152&quot;&gt;said by @Fillet&lt;/a&gt;) and the non-striker will have to go to his original end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thank you for your email to MCC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a somewhat unlikely scenario. If the ball goes high enough for the batsmen to cross before the ball lands on the wicket, then the wicket-keeper or another fielder would almost certainly have a chance to reach the wicket and catch the ball - he would be unlikely to leave it to chance that it might hit the wicket. Furthermore, the striker himself might be better advised to stand his ground and defend his wicket by means of a legal second strike with bat or pad (as long as he does not interfere with any fielder trying to catch the ball or handle the ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, Law 18.11 specifies that when a batsman is dismissed the not out batsman will return to his original end in cases except for the specific exceptions of run out, caught, or obstructing the field. Bowled not being one of these exceptions, the not-out batsman would have to return to the non-striker's end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yours sincerely,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Neil Robinson&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Research Officer&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Marylebone Cricket Club&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T10:48:41.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5162" CreationDate="2014-07-03T11:01:08.510" Score="15" ViewCount="125214" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8-ball, if you sink the opponent's ball while sinking your own, do you keep playing, hand over play, or is it considered a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4957" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-25T14:09:56.257" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T19:01:00.133" Title="Sinking opponent's ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5161" CreationDate="2014-07-03T11:11:21.507" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that you have not committed a standard foul otherwise, sinking the opponent's ball is not a foul in itself, so my interpretation of it is that you can continue with the game as you would have normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;http://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/#39Standard-Fouls&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Pool-Billiards Association rulebook for 8-ball&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.9 Standard Fouls&lt;/strong&gt;  If the shooter commits a foul, play passes to his opponent. The cue ball is in hand, and the incoming player may place&#xA;it anywhere on the playing surface. (See 1.5 Cue Ball in Hand.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following are standard fouls at eight ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.1 Cue Ball Scratch or off the Table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.2 Wrong Ball First The first ball contacted by the cue ball on each shot must belong to the shooter’s group, except when the table is&#xA;open. (See 3.4 Open Table / Choosing Groups).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.3 No Rail after Contact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.4 No Foot on Floor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.5 Ball Driven off the Table (See 3.7 Spotting Balls.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.6 Touched Ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.7 Double Hit / Frozen Balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.8 Push Shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.9 Balls Still Moving&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.10 Bad Cue Ball Placement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.11 Bad Play from Behind the Head String&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.12 Cue Stick on the Table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.13 Playing out of Turn&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.14 Three Consecutive Fouls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.15 Slow Play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.16 Ball Rack Template Foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T19:01:00.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5166" CreationDate="2014-07-03T11:27:39.447" Score="4" ViewCount="3526" Body="&lt;p&gt;What language does a referee has to use to communicate with players in those different situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;National league matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all this case it is possible to have players coming from different nationality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it exist a rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T11:29:47.230" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T18:06:09.497" Title="What language does referee use to communicate with soccer player?" Tags="|football|officiating|fifa|uefa|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-07-04T22:19:40.537" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5163" CreationDate="2014-07-03T12:23:11.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the referee should speak in English, but when there are players who are the same nationality as the ref, he can speak in his native language to them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1691" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T12:23:11.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5163" CreationDate="2014-07-03T13:35:29.333" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA's official languages are English and French and it is an obligation for all FIFA referees to speak English and at least one other language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English is used as the default, but during domestic games, it is quite common for the referee to speak in the local language e.g. Spanish in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Liga&quot;&gt;La Liga&lt;/a&gt; especially when most of the players understand it. They also use gestures to communicate where a player's English is poor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is up to the referee to make the best judgement on how to communicate with the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4934" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T18:06:09.497" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T18:06:09.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5167" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-03T17:28:48.570" Score="1" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that Jay-Z, the popular entertainer, gave up his interest in the New York Knicks so that he could represent Kevin Durant.  Is there any evidence that he is personally doing negotiations, contract details, etc., or is he delegating?  What educational training, if any, does he have for this, and has he signed any other atheletes?  If he's good and he's serious, it sounds like a solid Plan B when his star goes down with the entertainment world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T16:39:37.447" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T19:34:08.823" Title="Is Jay-Z personally doing negotiations, contract details, etc., or he is delegating as a sport agent?" Tags="|finances|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5170" CreationDate="2014-07-03T19:23:52.970" Score="10" ViewCount="1201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28127184&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article today about the weird situation that came up with the Ghanian national team at the 2014 World Cup, and I realized that I'd never heard about other player's compensation when playing for their national team. Is it common for players to be paid to play for their national teams? You hear about players being excited to play for their country, but I never accounted for additional pay (which I assume is usually going to be much smaller than they would normally be making for their club team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1954" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T06:29:48.330" Title="Are football/soccer players paid for national team appearances?" Tags="|football|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4629" CreationDate="2014-07-04T02:49:24.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd recommend leaving it to the pros if possible.  Newer materials used by manufacturers may be more easily damaged than they would be on some of the older models of skates, and some models might not recommend baking of any sort.  Many hockey shops will do it for free or minimal cost even if you didn't buy your skates from them.  However, if you don't have access to a local hockey shop, you can do the following - at your own risk of course - which I have done successfully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Loosen your laces and place your skates on a baking sheet.  I usually put a towel on the baking sheet first to avoid the boot having direct contact with the metal.  Set the baking sheet with skates aside for now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Preheat the oven to 180 Fahrenheit degrees.  This would be a conventional gas or electric appliance - not convection, toaster, wood-fired or anything like that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Turn the oven off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Place the baking sheet with skates in the oven.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leave them in the oven for no more than 8 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remove them and begin lacing them up.  Be firm but careful not to pull too much on the eyelets or you could rip them out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sit with your feet in the skates for 15 minutes.  Don't move around too much.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unlace your skates and let them sit for 24 hours.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can do this one skate at a time or both at the same time.  You can also repeat this at anytime to remold skates that haven't been used in a while or are going to be used on new feet.  Again, try to let a hockey shop do this for you if you can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2182" LastEditorUserId="14181" LastEditDate="2017-10-21T19:03:28.617" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T19:03:28.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5168" CreationDate="2014-07-04T06:29:48.330" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they get bonuses.&#xA;For reaching several stages of a tournament, they get bonuses.&#xA;The spanish national team for one would have earned €720,000 for the world cup victory. Each player (&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2086985-world-cup-2014-prize-money-spains-potential-payout-reportedly-revealed&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2086985-world-cup-2014-prize-money-spains-potential-payout-reportedly-revealed&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially at african team there are often discussions and eaven stoppages because of the proceedings about the bonuses (Cameroon this world cup: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27755342&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27755342&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T06:29:48.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1286" CreationDate="2014-07-04T09:06:50.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play table tennis for years now and here in our place and during our training and tournament plays, we always customize our rackets. What brand is forehand, backhand and the handle. Depends on your forehand and backhand capabilities. It is also important to locate the &quot;ITTF&quot; (International Table Tennis Federation) symbol in the racket especially in the rubbers of your forehand and backhand. Means it is ITTF approved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4966" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T09:06:50.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2796" CreationDate="2014-07-04T09:13:07.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are serves called &quot;high-toss&quot; serves. You might want to research on that. But for me as a player, the best way to know a difficult service is to do the &quot;trial-and-error&quot; technique. Try to predict a service and predict a return, but most importantly try to stick in mind the body language of how the opponent does the serve and put it mind. In that way, you can learn that if the opponent does this body language, this is the serve else, otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4966" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T09:13:07.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5173" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-04T13:47:59.993" Score="2" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brad Gilbert and Andre Agassi played &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=G016&amp;amp;oId=A092&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8 ATP matches&lt;/a&gt; before Gilbert retired as a tennis player and later became Agassi's coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Amelie Mauresmo and Marion Bartoli played &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/head2head/player1/5394/player2/1007&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5 WTA matches&lt;/a&gt; before Mauresmo retired as a tennis player and later became Bartoli's coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure there are more examples like these in the world of tennis, but cannot think of any. Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4967" LastEditorUserId="4967" LastEditDate="2014-07-05T11:57:56.250" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T11:57:56.250" Title="Tennis coaches who were former opponents of the players they coached" Tags="|history|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5174" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-04T15:14:09.847" Score="6" ViewCount="543" Body="&lt;p&gt;I run a bowling league at work which is currently teams of two people bowling once a month against another team. Teams organise a match with their opponent so generally there are matches throughout the month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking to make it more social to try and get more people involved.&#xA;My initial thought is to remove teams altogether and make it an individual league.&#xA;On a set day each month everyone who can make it comes along and bowls (so there will be a larger group i.e. more social).&#xA;Points are allocated based on each individual's final position on the night (over two or three games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to think of a points distribution so that skilled players are rewarded but also people who turn up every month are rewarded as well. I also want to keep it relatively simple to avoid putting people off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm just posting here looking for peoples thoughts on a league like this. I realise I can't please everyone but open to suggestions on how to shorten the gap between competitive and casual players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas welcome, many thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4968" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-07T00:58:41.963" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T00:35:06.953" Title="Tenpin Bowling League Rewarding Skill but also Attendance/Loyalty" Tags="|team-dynamics|bowling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5176" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5372" CreationDate="2014-07-04T18:23:19.347" Score="14" ViewCount="14814" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that often after a ball goes out a different ball is used. Also I don't know if the same ball will be used for both halves (plus extra time). So how many balls are used during a typical FIFA World Cup 2014 game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="660" LastEditorUserId="660" LastEditDate="2014-07-04T18:35:48.627" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:41:58.697" Title="How many balls are used in a typical World Cup game?" Tags="|football|equipment|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5127" CreationDate="2014-07-04T22:44:52.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going into the semifinals, the contestants were seeded Number 3 (Simona Helep), Number 6 (Petra Kvitova), Number 13 Eugenie Bouchard, and Number 23 (Lucie Safarova). That is, two from the top 8, one from the next 8, and one from the bottom 16. That is a reasonably normal result for the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;challengers&quot; that won early-round matches against the likes of Serena Williams and Li Na were eliminated in the middle (fourth and fifth) rounds, as were several other unseeded players that had easy draws the fist three rounds. The &quot;giant killers&quot; turned out not to be giants in their own right, and fell to high seeded players who were not having bad days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T22:44:52.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5181" CreationDate="2014-07-04T23:48:39.117" Score="9" ViewCount="13852" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a team mate give lifting/climbing support so that a player can reach the height where goalie or any opponent cannot reach? Is climbing on the goal post allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4970" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-07-05T11:43:29.627" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T01:14:10.547" Title="Can a team mate give lifting/climbing support?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5173" CreationDate="2014-07-05T00:13:03.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sampras and Paul Annacone played once. Agassi and Darren Cahill also played twice during the overlap of their careers. I would imagine some of the younger coaches (like Roger Rasheed for example) might have played some of the players they've coached. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T00:13:03.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5180" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5195" CreationDate="2014-07-05T08:30:39.640" Score="4" ViewCount="5938" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3801/is-hitting-the-side-of-the-table-legal&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; states that a ball that hits any part of the top of the table (including the edge) is considered in-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; is a ball that hits the edge (and bounces off the table in a manner that could be nearly impossible to return) considered in-bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On all of the ping pong tables I've seen in people's homes, the white lines along the edges do not actually touch the edge of the table.  There is about 2-3 millimeters of space between the white line and the edge of the table.  This means that if a ball hits the edge of the table, it has landed beyond the white line and therefore should be considered out of bounds.  If it is still considered in-bounds, then there is no point in having those white lines along the edges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the tables used in ITTF matches have their white lines touching the edge?  If so, then it makes sense for edge balls to be considered in-bounds.  But if their tables have space between the edge and the white line, then it is illogical for edge balls to be considered in-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T15:21:24.177" Title="In table tennis, why is a ball that hits the edge considered in?" Tags="|table-tennis|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5178" CreationDate="2014-07-05T08:30:40.937" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is classed as unsporting behaviour. The player doing the lifting, or the player doing the climbing is cautioned for unsporting behaviour, and the opponents are awarded an indirect free kick from where the lift/climb occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this is not explicitly mentioned in the Laws of the Game, it is known to be unsporting behaviour through tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each year the United States Soccer Federation releases an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vadcsoccerref.com/home/370581.html&quot;&gt;Advice To Referees&lt;/a&gt; document. This documents fills in the gaps of &quot;tradition&quot; vs what is actually codified in the FIFA Laws of the Game. In the 2014 edition, on pages 50-51:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees are urged to review the list of examples of&#xA;  unsporting behavior to be found in&#xA;  the Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees as well as in&#xA;  U.S. Soccer training materials for newer referees. Other examples include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Uses an artificial aid to unfairly assist play – for example, leaning on the&#xA;  shoulders of a teammate to increase height, using an article of clothing to avoid&#xA;  direct contact with the ball, removing the corner flag on a corner kick, hanging on&#xA;  the crossbar.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T08:30:40.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5182" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-05T16:38:43.807" Score="3" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried to find the final ranking rules for the FIFA World Cup 2014. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules to rank teams after the tournament finished?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4974" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2014-07-06T08:30:18.427" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T22:12:14.477" Title="FIFA World Cup 2014 final ranking rules" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5182" CreationDate="2014-07-05T17:48:23.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;read this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;It explains the system FIFA uses to asses points. There are many different multipliers, but if you read the section titled Match status you'll see that the the points of World Cup matches are multiplied by 4, where Continental cup matches are multiplied by 3, cup qualifiers match points are multiplied by 2 and friendly matched have multiplier 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T17:48:23.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5184" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-05T20:38:19.127" Score="3" ViewCount="2128" Body="&lt;p&gt;NOT the larger branded liter bottles that waterboys bring out, or that are stored behind the posts, but the little clear bottles only the medical staff dispense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen it a few times, but most recently in the Springbok vs. Scotland test match (6/28/2014), and although it's more or less out in plain sight, the trainers and injured players seem to have an air of surreptitiousness about it – like it's not entirely above-board, or to be discussed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've only ever seen it given to injured players – or players feigning injury because of exhaustion in the last quarter, and they only take one quick gulp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect it's an elixir of Squirt soda with about 40 Prednisone tablets, NoDoz, and anti-inflamitories dissolved in it, but does anyone know the true content?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T3ku9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Mystery Elixer&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A guy broke his leg with a compound fracture in the Rebels vs. Reds match (6/27/14) in Super Rugby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The announcers commented on the medical team dispensing pain medicine in the form of a “green whistle” (&lt;em&gt;“When they bring that out you know it's serious.”&lt;/em&gt;)  The player inhaled from it maybe 20 times, so perhaps it's like the gas dentists use.  And they had to wait a few minutes for it to take effect before they moved him to the stretcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is secondary and informational to the original question for supplements given to players who continue with play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lVHeY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Green Whistle&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later in the same game an uninjured Rebel player accepts a pill and takes it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IBMDF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2014-07-08T03:00:35.087" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T03:00:35.087" Title="What's in the small clear bottles medical staff occasionally give injured Rugby players on the field?" Tags="|rugby|doping|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5197" CreationDate="2014-07-05T23:06:38.817" Score="19" ViewCount="1170" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_knockout_stage#Quarter-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Netherlands v. Costa Rica World Cup game&lt;/a&gt; played on 5 July 2014, the Dutch substituted their keeper at 120+1', clearly solely for the inevitable penalty kick shootout. I'd expect the starting keeper would usually be the one entrusted with the PKs, so why did they put in the backup? Because he's fresh and the starter has been playing for two hours? I noticed he's a couple inches taller, is that enough difference to put him in? A combination of those?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Result:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The gamble worked, Netherlands won 4-3 in PKs with a shot to spare. The winning save looked like the couple inches of height/armspan did make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T17:26:12.383" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T17:26:12.383" Title="Why did the Netherlands put in their backup keeper for the PKs?" Tags="|football|strategy|world-cup|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5186" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5191" CreationDate="2014-07-06T01:38:09.513" Score="28" ViewCount="14594" Body="&lt;p&gt;When doing a penalty shootout, is it possible for the opposing team's goalkeeper to take a kick? I've never seen it happen, but it seems that since the goalie is part of the team, he/she should be able to take a kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus: Has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T22:31:43.403" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T22:31:43.403" Title="Can the opposing team's goalkeeper take a kick in a penalty shootout?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5189" CreationDate="2014-06-27T03:52:04.353" Score="14" ViewCount="3379" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis&quot;&gt;tennis&lt;/a&gt; was first played sometime between 1859 and 1865, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis&quot;&gt;table tennis&lt;/a&gt; was first played in the 1880s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to do some research online, but couldn't find an answer. Was the invention of table tennis based on tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="hoangnnm" LastEditorUserId="4979" LastEditDate="2014-07-07T08:49:19.460" LastActivityDate="2021-09-29T03:48:36.160" Title="Is table tennis based on tennis?" Tags="|history|tennis|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5188" CreationDate="2014-06-27T14:21:49.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game originated in England during the 1880s, where it was played among the upper-class as an after-dinner parlour game. It has been suggested that the game was first developed by British military officers in India or South Africa who brought it back with them. A row of books was stood up along the center of the table as a net, two more books served as rackets and were used to continuously hit a golf-ball from one end of the table to the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So imo, yes it is based on tennis since those military guys probably knew what the tennis was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hodges 1993, p. 2&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Letts, Greg. &quot;A Brief History of Table Tennis/Ping-Pong&quot;. About.com. The New York Times Company.&#xA;WashingtonPost.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5011" OwnerDisplayName="Semiru" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T14:41:10.863" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5188" CreationDate="2014-06-29T05:57:55.963" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sources, including the history presented on the website of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/museum/history.html&quot;&gt;International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)&lt;/a&gt;, agree that the game was developed in the 1880's as a variant to the already-popular lawn tennis, which in turn derives from so-called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_tennis&quot;&gt;real tennis&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, an earlier game, hailing back to medieval times, whose name is derived from French &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&amp;amp;search=tennis&amp;amp;searchmode=none&quot;&gt;Tenez&lt;/a&gt;!&quot;,&#xA;meaning &quot;Hold!&quot;, &quot;Receive!&quot; or &quot;Take!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The popularity of real tennis had declined during the 18th and early 19th centuries, but lawn tennis, the game we play today, was on the rise. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon#Beginning&quot;&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt; tournament was started in 1877, several years before table tennis' purported origins, showing that the sport was enjoying high popularity at the time. However, it was not the only racket-and-ball game played; also popular like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick%C3%A9&quot;&gt;stické&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackets_%28sport%29&quot;&gt;rackets&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_racquets#History&quot;&gt;squash&lt;/a&gt;, which could certainly have inspired table tennis as much as lawn tennis did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a good indicator that lawn tennis was the real source of inspiration lies in the name itself. Table tennis was known under many names, again according to the ITTF's website. These included &quot;ping pong&quot;, &quot;gossima&quot;, &quot;whiff-whaff&quot;, &quot;pim pam&quot; and &quot;pom-pom&quot;, most of which are onomatopoeic, but also &quot;table tennis&quot;, &quot;indoor tennis&quot;, &quot;parlour tennis&quot; and &quot;tennis de salon&quot;, the large variety of names involving &quot;tennis&quot;, combined with the lack of names like &quot;table squash&quot; or &quot;parlour rackets&quot;, are a strong indicator that tennis, the then-popular lawn tennis rather than the antiquated real tennis, was the strong driving force behind the invention of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4979" OwnerDisplayName="Avner Shahar-Kashtan" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T05:57:55.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2014-07-06T04:33:48.757" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: During the 2012 UEFA Champions League final, &lt;em&gt;Manuel Neuer&lt;/em&gt; of Bayern Munich took a penalty against Chelsea, when the game went into penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please refer this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Match_summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;wikipedia link&quot;&gt;wikipedia link.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when a game is being decided by penalties, then all players must have taken one penalty each, before a player can take a second penalty.&#xA;So, a goal keeper would have to take a penalty, before any other player gets a second chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T06:12:42.663" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T06:12:42.663" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2014-07-06T09:06:14.160" Score="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/5191/3526&quot;&gt;accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; is great but I might add that in kicks from the penalty mark to decide a winner, all eligible players need to have taken a kick before a player may take a second kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the goalkeeper not only &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; take a kick, but &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; take a kick before any of the other players take a second kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T05:58:49.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2014-07-06T11:01:31.467" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course it's legal and has happened many times other than the accepted answer's example. E.g &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Chilavert&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Luis Chilavert&lt;/a&gt; used to take penalties that were not even in penalty shoot-outs, as well as free kicks. See: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGAwjTizCjE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jose Luis Chilavert's international goals (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4980" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T12:07:58.767" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T12:07:58.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2014-07-06T11:55:22.550" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal - and as someone already claimed, even required if all other players have taken theirs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give some examples: Manuel Neuer converted a penalty for Bayern Munich against Real Madrid (?) in the Champions League quite recently. There are also goalkeepers who take penalties during the game, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-J%C3%B6rg_Butt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hans-Jörg Butt&lt;/a&gt;,  who converted a penalty for Bayern in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Juventus_v_Bayern_Munich&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CL against Juventus&lt;/a&gt;. Bonus trivia: the score was 1-0 to Juventus before the penalty, which made it 1-1. Bayern went on to win 4-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T15:14:19.520" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T15:14:19.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5180" CreationDate="2014-07-06T13:20:22.760" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A complete amateur here...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say, it's &lt;strong&gt;far easier&lt;/strong&gt; to tell the difference between the ball hitting the table or missing it, than between the ball touching a line than missing it. The balls just bounce and fly so quickly. And you judge basically by seeing whether the trajectory has changed (or by hearing). Spotting where the ball was at the moment of touching the table (on a line or not) is hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And with the lines - I suppose their purpose is not to specify the border of the valid play field. Rather they are for everyone to &lt;strong&gt;mark the size&lt;/strong&gt; of the table clearly, in case the background doesn't give enough contrast with the table surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4981" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2015-05-12T15:21:24.177" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T15:21:24.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5196" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-06T15:10:12.467" Score="3" ViewCount="1174" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given two wicket keepers, how would you compare which one was better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With bowlers you can use statistics like number of wickets taken and with batsmen, you can use number of runs scored but with wicket keepers, what could you use to evaluate the performance of a wicket keeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You couldn't use anything like number of catches or stumping because these things are generally dependent on other players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T21:51:10.030" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T07:04:30.133" Title="How do you compare the performance of wicket keepers?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|performance|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5185" CreationDate="2014-07-06T16:02:23.210" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;We cannot say for sure what the exact reason was, unless Van Gaal goes out and specifies why he's put in Krul instead of the starting GK Cillessen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some relevant facts tho:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cillessen is 1.88 m whereas Tim Krul is 1.93 (as recorded on Wiki page for respective players). So there is a 5 cm difference in their height. How that difference reflects to their overall reach distance is hard to estimate however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cillessen is 25 years old with 71 and 13 appearances in his senior careers for club and national team respectively. Tim Krul is 26 years old but has 153 appearances at club football and over 50 appearances for the Dutch national team, at different age groups. So one would argue that Tim Krul is significantly more experienced as a first team goalkeeper, even though they are about as old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cillessen has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10949288/Tim-Kruls-penalty-shootout-role-was-a-secret-from-Jasper-Cillessen-reveals-Holland-coach-Louis-van-Gaal.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reportedly never saved a penalty in his senior career&lt;/a&gt;, which obviously is not very convincing when your team is playing world cup quarter final and the game goes to penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Van Gaal only made the audacious move to replace Ajax keeper Cillessen – who has never saved a penalty in his senior career – in the dying seconds of extra-time, throwing on Krul after instructing the understudy to perform a length warm-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same article cites some comments from van Gaal where he says that he had left Cillessen in the dark about his decision of changing keepers if the game looks like it's going to the penalties. Such a decision is risky, might look really stupid if it doesnt pan out as planned and unfortunately might &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2120395-jasper-cillessen-seeks-congratulations-after-victory-is-left-awkwardly-hanging&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;leave players jaded&lt;/a&gt; even if it does pan out as planned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T16:02:23.210" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5196" CreationDate="2014-07-06T17:13:08.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most achievements in cricket depend to some extent on other players. Runs scored depends on the bowler faced, and wickets taken depends on the efforts of the fielders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore it's reasonable to use &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=caught_keeper;template=results;type=fielding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;catches taken&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=stumped;template=results;type=fielding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stumpings made&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; to evaluate wicketkeepers. In addition, &lt;strong&gt;byes conceded&lt;/strong&gt; is a useful measure: lower is better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T17:13:08.750" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2014-07-06T19:47:31.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Badminton&lt;/strong&gt;, it's simply allowed - the rules don't state anything about how to grip the racket at all. However, due to the high speed of the game, it is virtually impossible in competitive play - if you have the time to switch racket hands, you can easily take another step or jump and use your regular forehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T19:47:31.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-06T20:45:33.657" Score="6" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2008, the New York Yankees &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=3759182&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;signed free agent CC Sabathia to a 7 year deal worth $161 million&lt;/a&gt;.  At the time, Sabathia was coming off winning the Cy Young Award, and was brought in to be the team's ace as their earlier championship core &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/2008.shtml#all_team_pitching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;aged and/or moved on&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, after occasional short-term injuries earlier in his career, by 2014, a degenerative knee was placing Sabathia's &lt;a href=&quot;http://nypost.com/2014/07/04/sabathias-career-in-peril-with-threat-of-microfracture-surgery/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;career in doubt&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time he was 33, and still &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beyondtheboxscore.com/2015/7/12/8932445/cc-sabathia-yankees-contract-sunk-cost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;owed a great deal of money&lt;/a&gt; ($23 million each in 2014 and 2015, and $25 million in 2016).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess that the Yankees would have protected themselves by buying insurance &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nj.com/yankees/index.ssf/2014/07/how_much_money_yankees_would_save_if_cc_sabathia_retires.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;proved correct&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He ended up returning to a fairly full load in 2015 and 2016... but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/sabatc.01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his best was certainly behind him&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it got me wondering: how much might player insurance cost?  And how much more might it cost for Sabathia (since he was older and weighed 240 pounds) than for another player with a similar salary? Put another way: How much does Sabathia's &quot;extra&quot; age and weight cost in insurance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-25T09:22:57.837" LastActivityDate="2017-02-25T09:22:57.837" Title="How much does it costs teams to insure against player injury?" Tags="|baseball|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5185" CreationDate="2014-07-06T20:53:13.117" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, to a question like this - there are no correct answers. As we do not know what went through van Gaal's head, we can merely speculate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One reason could be that Cillessen hasn't saved a single penalty during his professional career, as reported by a dutch newspaper. However, if I'm not mistaken, Tim Krul hasn't got a very good record either - so this is likely to be only a small factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason could be the difference in height between the two goalies, but in my opinion and experience - that's not a very important factor. There are many important characteristics, but as long as you're taller than 1,85 m - height is not among the top three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the substitution was based on a mental factor and on preparation. It's likely that the coaching staff did not prepare Cillessen for penalties so that he would be a hundred percent focused on the first 90 minutes (and extra-time). Preparing a goalie for penalties means placing some of the preparation focus on an eventuality, which is not preferable. Instead, they probably chose to prepare Krul for the eventuality of a penalty shoot-out (reports say that Krul was informed beforehand that he might be put on if it came to a shoot-out - but Cillessen was unaware that he was to be taken off). Krul had probably spent hours studying the opponents penalty-taking-techniques, tendencies, et cetera, and was thus better prepared (mentally, strategically, and physically).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one must recognize the fact that Holland doesn't have an overflow of high-class substitutes. If they had, van Gaal would probably have put on some fresh legs during the extra time instead of &quot;wasting&quot; a substitution on changing keepers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that this is only speculation, and that it's impossible to determine the truth without actually spending some time inside the heads of the Holland coaching staff. The theories above are simply my subjective ones!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-01-11T08:20:04.103" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T08:20:04.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5203" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-06T21:24:11.680" Score="9" ViewCount="28924" Body="&lt;p&gt;My bookmaker has prices for the golden boot winner and the top tournament goal scorer in the World Cup. What is the difference between the two awards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4986" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-23T03:23:19.517" LastActivityDate="2020-08-23T03:23:19.517" Title="The difference between top goalscorer and golden boot winner" Tags="|football|terminology|scoring|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5203" CreationDate="2014-07-06T21:42:42.090" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There could be multiple top goal scorers, but there can only be one Golden Boot winner. Multiple players could score the most amount of goals, but only one will be awarded the Golden Boot. If there is a tie, the player who has the most number of assists will be awarded the Golden Boot. If there is still a tie, then the player who has played the least amount of time will be awarded the trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cup_Golden_Boot#Golden_Boot&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia - World Cup Golden Boot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6114" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T13:44:11.593" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T13:44:11.593" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2014-07-07T08:43:31.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;An better example than Manuel Neuer would be Jörg Butt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Known for taking penalty kicks, he scored 26 goals in the Bundesliga.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-J%C3%B6rg_Butt&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7662" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T08:43:31.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5196" CreationDate="2014-07-07T13:07:16.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more telling statistics for a wicket keeper in the field are the number of dropped catches and missed stumpings per match. In the professional game, you would expect the wicketkeeper to catch all but the most difficult chances, and to cleanly gather the ball and attempt a stumping whenever possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of this is when the England wicketkeeper Matt Prior was &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/7169517.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dropped for the series&lt;/a&gt; against New Zealand in 2008. The explanation by the Chairman of selectors was &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the selectors feel that he needs to further improve his wicket-keeping in order to realise his full potential in international cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the more telling explanation was from the BBC cricket expert and former fast bowler Jonathan Agnew:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's harsh but fair on Matt... he simply dropped too many catches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any statistics on drops by wicketkeepers. Maybe the coaches keep statistics, but in doubt you can always ask the bowlers, who don't forget drops too quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T13:07:16.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8530" CreationDate="2014-07-08T00:00:21.423" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that every day a player comes off the bench with runners in scoring position for a game-winning hit. Are these walkoffs in baseball becoming more statistically common? They are usually followed by an energy drink shower or celebratory pie in the face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at numbers for the current season. The pinch hitter has always been part of the game but now we see offensive substitutions in almost every game that is tied or goes into extra innings. It could be a reaction to relievers being chosen out of the bullpen to counter expected lineups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3704" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T12:11:31.430" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T03:04:42.860" Title="Are baseball game-winning hits off the bench becoming more common?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4984" CreationDate="2014-07-08T02:42:11.443" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As outlined in Tim Noakes book &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0873229592&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lore of Runnning&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;em&gt;(1)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Performance in races of&#xA;  60 to 200 m is always superior at altitude, with the benefit improving with increasing&#xA;  altitude. Performance in races of 400 m improve progressively up to altitudes&#xA;  of between 2000 and 2500 m but then begins to return to sea-level values. However,&#xA;  even at altitudes of 4000 m, performance is still slightly better than at sea level.&#xA;  Performance in races of 800 m or longer is always inferior at altitude; this deterioration&#xA;  in performance falls most steeply at altitudes above 2500 m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/87UGV.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;REFERENCE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(1) Tim Noakes (2001). Lore of Running. 4th ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press. 931.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5007" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T02:42:11.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5212" CreationDate="2014-07-08T05:57:25.517" Score="4" ViewCount="3609" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-sri-lanka-2013-14/content/story/711729.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bad-light issue in cricket&lt;/a&gt; is always happening in test matches to finish that day's game. Since, the traditional cherry or the red leather ball is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1884/why-day-and-night-test-matches-were-not-played-yet&quot;&gt;harder to pick&lt;/a&gt; under lights. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what about white ball matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could see the bad light issue in ODI's too. In the recent match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-south-africa-2014/content/story/757843.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa and SriLanka&lt;/a&gt;, they were showing the D/L target for every over in the second innings due to bad light problems. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can also see a match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-new-zealand-2013-14/engine/match/668965.html?innings=2;page=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka and New ZeaLand&lt;/a&gt; had ended with D/L method due to the same reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Couldn't they switch on more lights? What is the bad light rule for limited overs cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T13:55:11.930" Title="Bad light issue in ODI Cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|technology|interruption|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5211" CreationDate="2014-07-08T06:32:18.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Couldn't they switch on more lights? What is the bad light rule for limited overs cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes they &lt;strong&gt;CAN&lt;/strong&gt;. But only if it is &lt;strong&gt;available&lt;/strong&gt; for that &lt;em&gt;particular&lt;/em&gt; match. Remember, the issue is for &lt;strong&gt;day&lt;/strong&gt; matches only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpire's role on bad lights. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/524ac4ae08b48-04%20Standard%20ODI_2013_19%2009%2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Standard ODI match playing conditions &lt;sup&gt;PDF&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;3.7 Use of artificial lights&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If in the opinion of the umpires, natural light is deteriorating to an unfit level, they shall authorize the ground authorities to use &lt;strong&gt;the available&lt;/strong&gt; artificial lighting so that the match can continue in acceptable conditions. In the event of power failure or lights malfunction, the provisions relating to the delay or interruption of play due to bad weather or light shall apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the umpires can use floodlights in day matches when they think the natural light is deteriorated to an unfit level. But that is possible only if it is available for match. Floodlights are not compulsory for the day matches. And on the match between Sri Lanka and New Zealand the use of floodlights was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/west-indies-v-new-zealand-2014/content/story/757977.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not permitted by SLC&lt;/a&gt; due to financial savings which hurt their own team. That's why they didn't use floodlights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T13:55:11.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5209" CreationDate="2014-07-08T14:30:59.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't exactly when such things became more common, but I have the sense that they are more common than in the 1970s, when I was growing up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's because baseball management has become more &quot;scientific&quot; in the past 40 years, with the monitoring of things like pitch counts for pitchers, innings counts for fielders, left-right and right-left batter-pitcher match-ups, and even &quot;splits&quot; of individual batters versus individual pitchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T14:30:59.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5219" CreationDate="2014-07-08T15:08:35.840" Score="4" ViewCount="937" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess I'm essentially asking if the time limit is inclusive or exclusive.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is placed on the 15-day disabled list on July 1.  Does that mean that he is eligible to return (at the earliest) on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) July 15 (the day he's placed on it and the day he returns count as days on the DL),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b) July 16 (the day he returns doesn't count since he's active that day), or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c) July 17 (he must be on for 15 &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; days, which would be July 2-16)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T19:01:28.087" Title="When *exactly* is a player eligible to come off the MLB disabled list?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|disabled-list|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5215" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-08T16:16:12.283" Score="5" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example: Nadal finished 1st at the end of 2013. &lt;strong&gt;If, by assumption, he doesn't win any match in 2014&lt;/strong&gt; will he have 0 (or under 500 points - assuming that qualifing to the main table of tournaments grands you points) or there are some points for being so good in the past years that can't be erased?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking because Serena Williams hasn't shined at all this year (no important title) but it's still far away in the top, and it's only one Grand Slam left and it's the middle of the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1801" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T16:35:39.143" Title="Are there any permanent points in ATP/WTA rankings?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5215" CreationDate="2014-07-08T16:35:39.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct - if Nadal didn't win a single match in 2014 his points total would fall back down to zero eventually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the reason &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; a player isn't able to play for a long time (illness, injury, etc.) sometimes qualifies them to receive a protected ranking - read more about that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx#protected&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T16:35:39.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-08T17:18:45.793" Score="22" ViewCount="1308" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the World Cup, the referees sprayed something on the ground. It looked like it was white paint, but it was foamy. It was right before a free-kick on goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the stuff they sprayed on the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5013" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T18:23:46.620" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T18:23:46.620" Title="What is the stuff referees spray on the ground in Football matches?" Tags="|football|officiating|equipment|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5217" CreationDate="2014-07-08T17:26:49.793" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's called &quot;&lt;em&gt;Vanishing foam&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used by the referees to indicate the minimum distance the players must maintain from ball, in the event of a free kick, as well as the spot from where it is taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some technical details:&#xA;The can contains water (~80%), butane gas (~17%), surfactant (~1%), and other ingredients including vegetable oil (~2%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The foam is now authorised for use in top flight football for the Bundesliga in Germany, however Germany's consumer protection agency has banned it due to greenhouse gas concerns, Serie A in Italy, Ligue 1 in France, La Liga in Spain, the Premier League in England, the Synot liga in Czech Republic, the A-League in Australia and Thai Premier League in Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing_foam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki link.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also another link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbsnews.com/news/world-cup-2014-what-is-that-foaming-spray-used-by-referees/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;world-cup-2014-what-is-that-foaming-spray-used-by-referees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2019-01-27T12:13:52.890" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T12:13:52.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5214" CreationDate="2014-07-08T18:36:55.153" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh it's far more complicated than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player is eligible to come off the &lt;em&gt;injury&lt;/em&gt; DL sometime between July 6th and July 15th. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player is placed on the DL it's retroactive to the &lt;em&gt;last day he played&lt;/em&gt;. So if the player was placed on the DL 10 days after he had last played (the limit for retroactive DL placement), he might be eligible to come off in just 5 days. Generally this is suboptimal, but teams will often let a player sit a few days to see if he can still play before placing him on the DL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the number of days is counted from the last date that the player played. Players are routinely listed as placed on the DL the &lt;em&gt;day after&lt;/em&gt; they are hurt. So if you're hurt the last day of June and placed on the DL on the first day of July, you are eligible to come off the DL on the 16th of July.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is illustrated in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballheatmaps.com/disabled-list-data/&quot;&gt;data dump&lt;/a&gt; from baseball heat maps. Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApDc5PGsBzgVdDBzT1JSV1FXRzF1MksxeVlYbXh4UlE&amp;amp;usp=sharing#gid=1&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt; specifically, we can see only a few players who were &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; on the DL for 15 days. Here are a couple of examples to illustrate the concept:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coco Crisp A's 4/30/2013 (injured the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/OAK/OAK201304290.shtml&quot;&gt;29th&lt;/a&gt;) - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/OAK/OAK201305150.shtml&quot;&gt;5/15/2013&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Derek Norri 8/21/2013 (injured the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/OAK/OAK201308200.shtml&quot;&gt;20th&lt;/a&gt;) - 9/5/2013 (he did not play the game he was activated, this may be because he was the backup, or because he was pulled from the DL before he was ready due to Sept roster rules).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you're placed on the DL on 7/1 you can come off 7/16. However, this usually means you were hurt 6/30. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an additional short term DL in major league baseball that was instituted with the most recent CBA, this is only for players who have suffered a concussion and is a 7-day disabled list. However, for all intents and purposes it works exactly like the 15 day DL just with a shorter duration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-07-08T19:01:28.087" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T19:01:28.087" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-08T20:53:09.713" Score="3" ViewCount="1219" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that in an elimination style tournament, a player who gets a red card must sit out in the next game. In a round robin tournament such as the Premier League, what is the consequence of the red card in future games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3550" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T07:07:55.357" Title="What is the penalty for red cards in a round robin tournament?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4435" CreationDate="2014-07-08T22:51:28.323" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, your elbow should absolutely not be locked when you make contact with the ball. Your arm should be nearly straight but with a slight bend at the point of contact, never completely locked. This will allow for your arm to move fluidly through the stroke and will enable you to brush up on the ball, creating topspin. You can see in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af-nLzGh3eM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; that Federer's arm is almost straight, but his elbow is not locked when he makes contact with the ball, which allows his arm to turn over after contact (this motion makes the racquet move up as well as through the ball, creating topspin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pain you are feeling is most likely tennis elbow, which is a strain in the tendons in your elbow from overuse. In other words, your body simply isn't used to hitting balls that are coming at you with such high speeds, causing strain. Locking your elbow, however, brings your joint against your bones, so when you hit the ball, instead of relying on your muscles and tendons for structural support, the impact is going straight to your bones and elbow joint. Repeated impacts will wear down the cartilage in your elbow joint. Instead, keep a slight bend in your elbow at contact and strengthen your muscles. As far as the pain goes, there are plenty of braces out there to help with tennis elbow, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Band-IT_Elbow_Brace/descpageGAMMA-BANDIT.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Band It&lt;/a&gt; is the one that has given me the best results. Other than that, rest and ice your elbow and it should start to feel better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: I've been playing tennis since I could barely walk, and playing competitively since middle school. I used to teach classes with students ages 5-16 at a private club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T22:51:28.323" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5220" CreationDate="2014-07-08T23:07:02.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same rule follows, and the player has to sit out the next game. But if the player was sent off because of very dangerous or careless foul, he could face extra punishment(just like elimination style tournaments).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T23:07:02.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4863" CreationDate="2014-07-08T23:08:19.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like @jamauss said, if you see the ball change direction after it bounces, that is a result of a slice shot, when a player follows through under the ball to create backspin, and occasionally (especially on drop shots - slices intended to land close to the net and stay close to the net after they bounce) a player will put side spin on the ball as well as backspin. Although slices have similar effects to knuckleballs after they bounce, the player receiving the ball can see clearly when and how his opponent slices the ball, so there is almost never a surprise in the direction of the ball after it bounces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest thing to a knuckleball in terms of having know spin would be a completely flat groundstroke. By swinging straight through the ball, you can create minimal spin. This is very uncommon because it is difficult to produce a ball with no spin at all, but, more practically, flat groundstrokes are very uncommon because flatter balls are easy for the opponent to hit. A shot with backspin will force the opponent to adjust to the strange bounce, and the ball will slow down after bouncing, forcing the opponent to create more power rather than redirecting the ball's pace back across the court. A topspin shot, on the other hand, will fall more quickly, allowing the player to hit the ball harder without fear that it will go long. When the ball bounces, it jumps up and back towards the baseline, leading to a difficult ball for the opponent. Flat balls are generally hit from a high contact point (so the ball will go down into the court rather than long) with large amounts of pace - the only reason to hit a flat ball is because you can create more pace, as no energy goes into spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T23:08:19.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5229" CreationDate="2014-07-09T00:15:14.327" Score="7" ViewCount="495" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brazil just lost 1-7 to Germany in 2014 World Cup. What is the biggest loss ever among the top 4 teams in a world cup (that is biggest lost in the semifinals, 3rd place match or the final match)? Did this game have the biggest margin of victory? What game had the most goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-07-09T10:45:21.780" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T21:17:36.803" Title="Heaviest loss of last four teams remaining in history of World Cup" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-09T03:49:15.857" Score="9" ViewCount="36380" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s obvious why most sports would have an even number of periods of play. It keeps everything fair as each team has the same amount of time on each end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why in Ice Hockey are there 3 periods? It seems to create an opportunity of an unfair advantage for one team on purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T11:45:53.543" LastActivityDate="2023-03-17T06:33:53.273" Title="Why does Ice Hockey have 3 periods?" Tags="|history|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5228" CreationDate="2014-07-09T04:18:19.043" Score="24" ViewCount="4527" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brazil, the host nation of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_v_Germany_(2014_FIFA_World_Cup)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost to Germany 7-1&lt;/a&gt;. This seems like a very big defeat in term of goal difference. What is the worst defeat of a host nation in World Cup history in terms of goal difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-23T12:48:41.087" LastActivityDate="2022-10-23T12:50:06.447" Title="What's the worst defeat of a host nation in World Cup history?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5226" CreationDate="2014-07-09T04:24:00.203" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the statistics of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all World Cup matches&lt;/a&gt;, this is the worst defeat of a host nation in World Cup history in terms of goal difference. This is also the worst defeat by a host nation in terms of goals conceded, jointly with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_v_Switzerland_(1954_FIFA_World_Cup)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Switzerland losing 5-7 against Austria&lt;/a&gt; in 1954.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-23T12:50:06.447" LastActivityDate="2022-10-23T12:50:06.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5226" CreationDate="2014-07-09T04:26:08.957" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this was the worst defeat of a host nation in the history of the world cup!&#xA;Other notable defeats are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A#South_Africa_vs_Uruguay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa 0 - 3 Uruguay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1958: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sweden 2 - 5 Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/793597-world-cup-2014-most-lopsided-football-matches-biggest-soccer-blowouts-in-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup 2014: Most Lopsided Football Matches, Worst Host Defeat, Biggest Soccer Blowouts in History&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20150907032202/http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/793597-world-cup-2014-most-lopsided-football-matches-biggest-soccer-blowouts-in-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-10-23T08:59:06.367" LastActivityDate="2022-10-23T08:59:06.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5224" CreationDate="2014-07-09T04:52:56.980" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brazil's defeat against Germany in World Cup 2014 semi-final is the heaviest loss of the last four teams remaining. This is tied with Sweden against Brazil (1-7) in 1950. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other notable losses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1930:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Argentina beat USA 6-1 (first semi-final)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uruguay beat Yugoslavia 6-1 (second semi-final)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1950: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brazil beat Spain (6–1) (after beating Sweden 7-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1954: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Germany beat Austria 6-1 in second semi-final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most goals in a match: In any semi-finals, this match has the most goals (8).&#xA;However, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1958 world cup&lt;/a&gt;, there were 9 goals in the West Germany vs France (3-6) game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="11575" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T21:17:36.803" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T21:17:36.803" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5220" CreationDate="2014-07-09T08:05:55.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Red card means suspension, however how long the player gets suspended might vary. If the player was shown a second yellow card, and thereby a red card. He typically misses the next game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand if the player gets a direct red it's often a longer suspension. I recall something about a two-match default suspension (against which you can appeal) and a referral to the discipline committee, for possibly longer suspension. But I can't find a clear cut reference about it. At any rate the following is what the English Football Association has about suspensions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The two categories of match are first team competitive matches and&#xA;  non-first team matches. Premier League, Football League, Conference&#xA;  National, WSL:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Red cards in first team competitive matches result in immediate&#xA;  suspension from forthcoming first team competitive matches. Red cards&#xA;  in non-first team matches will take effect from the 14th day following&#xA;  dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Clubs at Step 2 and below: Red cards in first team competitive matches&#xA;  result in suspensions commencing on the 14th day following the match&#xA;  in which the player was sent off. Red cards in non-first team matches&#xA;  will be processed by the County Association to which the Club is&#xA;  affiliated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/suspensions#cwmECYbPg0EtVcMs.99&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/suspensions#cwmECYbPg0EtVcMs.99&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T08:05:55.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5231" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15005" CreationDate="2014-07-09T08:48:14.633" Score="7" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the monumental defeat of Brazil on 8 July 2014, some people jokingly said on Twitter that Holland and Argentina should hope that the Brazil fans storm the field and lynch both teams (their own team for disappointing them so much and the Germans for revenge). Of course this would never happen because it would be terribly unsportsmanlike, not to mention a gigantic smear on the reputation of the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if that actually would have happened? What if the fans of a heavily losing team storm the field and attack the winning team, incapacitating some of their players? Does the FIFA have rules for such an occurence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4907" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T13:42:16.727" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T13:42:16.727" Title="Does FIFA have contingencies for riots during or after a match that make the winner incapable of continuing the tournament?" Tags="|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5225" CreationDate="2014-07-09T12:39:34.837" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before 1910, they used to play 2 halves of 30 minutes each. But at the end of each half, the ice was so rutted and covered with snow that it slowed the game way down. So they changed it to 3 periods of 20 minutes each to give them a chance to clean the ice one more time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also gave the players more time to rest. They get two 18 minute (as of 2013) intermissions between the periods to rest as opposed to American Football and Basketball, where the really only get one 12 minute halftime to rest because the time between the quarters is only 2 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why they kept it at 3 periods and not change it to 4 quarters? It was probably because 3 periods just seemed to work for them after they changed the rule so they kept it that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the only time a team is at a disadvantage is during the 2nd period when they have to do a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nhl/long-change.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;long change&lt;/a&gt;. But because the rinks are the same on both ends, both teams have this disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5013" LastEditorUserId="5013" LastEditDate="2014-07-31T13:35:57.890" LastActivityDate="2014-07-31T13:35:57.890" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5236" CreationDate="2014-07-09T15:14:07.370" Score="12" ViewCount="50994" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Australian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon do not use a tiebreaker in the fifth set for men and third set for women.  They play that final set until someone gets a 2-game lead, no matter how many games are required.  But the US Open still uses a tiebreaker in the fifth set for men and third set for women.  Why doesn't the US Open forgo the tiebreaker in the final set like the other 3 Grand Slam tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T14:29:57.440" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T16:38:08.503" Title="Why does the US Open have a tiebreaker for the fifth set?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5234" CreationDate="2014-07-09T17:21:53.423" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ah, the old debate about the 5th set tiebreaker. Some love it, some hate it. If you were to ask the players themselves, I think most would prefer the 5th set to end in a tiebreak so that you don't potentially end up with a 5th set score of something like 20-18 and play an extra 2 or 3 sets worth of games to decide the winner. Personally, I think it's better for fans and people watching matches to not have really prolonged matches that can become boring and lose interest from the fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it really comes down to it though - the real answer involves stuff like television and media scheduling. The US Open has had their &quot;Super Saturday&quot; thing for a long time - where the 2 men's semifinals are played along with the women's final on the second Saturday of the event. In order to make sure the matches conclude in a &quot;timely&quot; manner - the 5th set tiebreak is used to help make sure the men's semifinal matches don't go on for too long and mess up the schedule for the day. Seems like kind of a silly reason but, it is what it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ask those involved in running the tournament (USTA) you usually get an answer like &quot;it's what makes the US Open unique&quot; or some other PR-scrubbed answer but in actuality it really just boils down to keeping the schedule running smoothly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough, the US Open introduced the 5th set tiebreak in 1970 - a few years &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; the other 3 majors switched to playing out the 5th set. Wimbledon's current 5th set rules were changed in 1979, The Australian Open's in 1971, and the French Open in 1973 - to what you see in use today by those events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T17:21:53.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5238" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-09T18:50:44.533" Score="6" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1980, Major League Baseball started keeping track of a statistic called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=16054&quot;&gt;game winning RBI&lt;/a&gt;.  But due to controversy, they stopped keeping track of it after 1988.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other statistics in any sport that were used at one point but are no longer used for whatever reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-10-20T02:34:20.427" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T02:34:20.427" Title="Any statistics that are no longer used?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|statistics|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5239" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5240" CreationDate="2014-07-09T18:56:37.637" Score="3" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is World XI team a full member of ICC like Australia, South Africa? Is its match considered international or domestic? Would the wickets,catches,runs etc scored by a player in World XI team be included in its international career or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3449" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T05:48:25.513" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T05:48:25.513" Title="Is World XI a full member of ICC" Tags="|cricket|statistics|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5239" CreationDate="2014-07-09T19:24:53.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;ICC members are made up of &lt;em&gt;governing bodies&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;teams&lt;/em&gt;. Therefore the World XI, which was a team directly organised by the ICC, &lt;strong&gt;is not an ICC member&lt;/strong&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the matches &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/288887.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;were given ODI and Test status&lt;/a&gt;. They therefore &lt;strong&gt;do count towards official international records&lt;/strong&gt;, and individual player statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T19:24:53.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5249" CreationDate="2014-07-09T21:39:18.210" Score="7" ViewCount="1309" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a chance that Germany and the Netherlands will play in the 2014 World Cup Final, so here is a related question. How many times have two teams from the same continent contested the World Cup Final? Please provide the year of the tournament and the countries playing the final, as well as the eventual winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-13T13:58:21.460" LastActivityDate="2022-12-13T13:58:21.460" Title="How many times have two teams from the same continent contested the World Cup Final?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5241" CreationDate="2014-07-09T21:49:39.300" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, it's easier to count the finals played between countries NOT from the same continent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1958:       Brazil vs Sweden         5-2&#xA;1962:       Brazil vs Czechoslovakia 3-1&#xA;1970:       Brazil vs Italy          4-1&#xA;1978:    Argentina vs Netherlands    3-1&#xA;1986:    Argentina vs West Germany   3-2&#xA;1990: West Germany vs Argentina      1-0    &#xA;1994:       Brazil vs Italy          0-0 (3-2)    &#xA;1998:       France vs Brazil         3-0    &#xA;2002:       Brazil vs Germany        2-0&#xA;2014:      Germany vs Argentina      1-0&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were 21 World Cup finals: 10 were intercontinental, 11 were from the same continent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cute fact: When it's different continent match, somehow it's either Argentina or Brazil ;=)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5031" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T17:22:19.907" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T17:22:19.907" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5220" CreationDate="2014-07-09T23:56:23.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is the same. It's actually possible to be suspended in a round-robin tournament for a red card in a direct elimination match or &lt;em&gt;vice versa&lt;/em&gt;. Suspensions also carry over from one season to the next. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a red card in a FIFA World Cup final would result in a suspension that is carried over to the team's next official match. A red card in a championship match would result in a suspension for the club's next official match (including cup's matches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clubs, cautions and suspensions are tallied separately for national league or cup matches on the one hand and UEFA matches on the other hand. Friendly matches are also treated separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4930" LastEditorUserId="4930" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T07:58:15.880" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T07:58:15.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5247" CreationDate="2014-07-10T06:22:07.560" Score="4" ViewCount="2739" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the last match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-south-africa-2014/engine/match/730085.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka and South Africa&lt;/a&gt;. Jayawardane was given out as LBW and the ball went for boundary after got hit the pads. The batsman reviewed it. The decision was reversed, but no runs added to the total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A question arose on seeing the above thing,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team batting second need 4 runs to win in one ball. The batsman was given LBW in that delivery and the ball went for four, since the fielders started celebrating the victory without concentrating the ball. The decision was reviewed and reversed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who will win the match at this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T06:30:19.030" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T11:32:17.497" Title="Calculation of runs after the umpire decision gets reviewed" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5246" CreationDate="2014-07-10T06:22:33.113" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/362178.html&quot;&gt;ICC playing conditions of Umpire reviewing system&lt;/a&gt;, still the bowling team will win the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If following a review request, an original decision of 'Out' is&#xA;  changed to 'Not Out', then the ball is still deemed to have become&#xA;  dead when the original decision was made (as per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_23.htm&quot;&gt;Law 23.1(a)(iii)&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only benefit that the batting team can gain is the batsman's wicket. But, there is a chance for them, if the ball was given crease no-ball in the review, they will get one run and an extra ball to chase the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T06:22:33.113" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5241" CreationDate="2014-07-10T10:31:26.937" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me list out the FIFA world cup finals in which two countries from same continent faced each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2018:       FRANCE vs CROATIA        4-2&#xA;2010:        SPAIN vs NETHERLANDS    1–0&#xA;2006:        ITALY vs FRANCE         1–1 (5–3p)&#xA;1982:        ITALY vs WEST GERMANY   3-1&#xA;1974: WEST GERMANY vs NETHERLANDS    2–1&#xA;1966:      ENGLAND vs WEST GERMANY   4–2&#xA;1954: WEST GERMANY vs HUNGARY        3–2&#xA;1950:      URUGUAY vs BRAZIL         2-1 (final match in a round-robin)&#xA;1938:        ITALY vs HUNGARY        4–2&#xA;1934:        ITALY vs CZECHOSLOVAKIA 2–1&#xA;1930:      URUGUAY vs ARGENTINA      4–2&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T17:19:58.210" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T17:19:58.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5250" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5251" CreationDate="2014-07-10T11:02:44.437" Score="16" ViewCount="37677" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just want to know if the goal scored by a player during shoot out is counted as goal scored in the tournament or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&#xA;the goal scored by Messi will be counted or not to become the highest goal scorer in the Fifa world cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6043" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T11:29:28.697" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:51:34.200" Title="Does the penalty shoot out goal count as the person goal for a player?" Tags="|rules|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5250" CreationDate="2014-07-10T11:18:06.680" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it does not get counted.&#xA;For instance, if we look at the goals scored by Messi during FIFA 2014 World cup:&#xA;He has a total of 4 goals till now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 vs Bosnia and Herzegovina (group stage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 vs Iran (group stage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 vs Nigeria (group stage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=229397/statistics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;statistics&lt;/a&gt; from FIFA summarize it the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T05:51:34.200" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:51:34.200" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5265" CreationDate="2014-07-10T14:33:24.077" Score="5" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maracana stadium &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;was opened in 1950 to host the FIFA World Cup&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, at which time it was the largest stadium in the world. I have heard the stadium referred to as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.money.co.uk/article/1010158-world-cup-guide-rio-de-janeiro.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;the spiritual home of Brazilian football&quot;&lt;/a&gt; a few times, and this year it will once again host the World Cup Final. Why is Brazil's top stadium in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rio&lt;/a&gt;, rather than in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;São Paulo&lt;/a&gt;, when the latter is a far larger city (not that Rio is small)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T18:06:58.303" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T07:00:54.963" Title="Why is Brazil's top football stadium (Maracana) in Rio de Janeiro rather than São Paulo?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1448" CreationDate="2014-07-10T14:41:15.930" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of us who have played and love the sport known as soccer in the US have misgivings about the offside rule.  Many have argued to eliminate it altogether.  Those in favor of keeping the rule intact use the &quot;poaching&quot; argument which, to a certain extent has validity.  But it is not necessary to eliminate the rule.  A modification is all that is needed.  Instead of calling offside every time the tip of an attacker's foot is ahead of the second last defender, the rule should be invoked only when the attacking player's entire body is clearly and unequivically ahead of the second last defender.  That takes care of poaching. In addition, the rule should not be invoked when all play is inside the box because, by definition, there is no poaching and the defense has had a full opportunity to defend.  It makes no sense when, for instance, defenders and attackers are inside the small box fighting for the ball and offside is call.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6044" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T14:41:15.930" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5060" CreationDate="2014-07-10T17:14:51.157" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is certainly situation based upon fouls(team and individual), pace of play, opposing schemes(offensively and defensively), etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defensively, the strategy is to become more aggressive and force the opposing players into bad positions. Players are more tired in overtime so their shots are not as crisp and as clean compared to regulation so defense become a little bit 'easier'. There are a limited number of possessions in overtime, so defensively, you are trying to force a turnover or the worst possible shot, typically with a hand in the face. Little lapses in overtime turn into win or lose situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offensively, teams become a lot more patient. Less shots are forced and less drives are put into double teams. This is wear a superior ball handler takes games over or a sound offensive scheme becomes more important. There are limited number of elite ball handlers at every level so the system being run is important. I always find I would rather have my players run off of screens instead of dribble the ball in overtime, less chance for turnovers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the end, as @edmastermind29 and Herm Edwards said: &quot;You play to win the game.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6048" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T17:14:51.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4998" CreationDate="2014-07-10T17:39:31.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fivethirtyeight has had a couple good articles recently on stoppage time (thanks to the World Cup). I won't go into the official rules, as they've already been posted by SahuKahn, but stoppage time does vary - different leagues have different issues with it. Here's an article specifically about the World Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/was-the-u-s-robbed-against-portugal-it-depends-on-what-time-means/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/was-the-u-s-robbed-against-portugal-it-depends-on-what-time-means/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an article about stoppage time vagaries in different leagues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/stoppage-time-is-home-cooked-especially-in-major-league-soccer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/stoppage-time-is-home-cooked-especially-in-major-league-soccer/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first article discusses, in part, differences between the ball being &quot;out of play&quot; and stoppage time, but &quot;out of play&quot; includes out of bounds, set-up for spot kicks, and a few other things that don't officially add on stoppage time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second article shows that in many leagues home teams get an advantage in stoppage time, with a few links to other resources. Good reads, both of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T17:39:31.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16973" CreationDate="2014-07-10T20:01:28.933" Score="1" ViewCount="2813" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've bought new bearings and I am not sure if it is supposed to be oiled before usage :/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When bought my longboard, it was already set up. So I only have experience from cleaning and oiling the old ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6051" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-07-11T05:18:29.413" LastActivityDate="2017-09-14T13:52:26.953" Title="Shall I oil new longboard bearings?" Tags="|equipment|maintenance|longboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5182" CreationDate="2014-07-10T22:06:50.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two parts to the final World Cup standings; first, how the teams are grouped together, and second, how they're ranked within their groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Grouping&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams knocked out in the same phase of the tournament are grouped together and ranked against each other. In practice, this could mean that a team eliminated at an earlier stage will be ranked lower than a team that advanced to a later stage, despite having more points. (For example, see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Final_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2006 final standings&lt;/a&gt;, where Spain (9 points, 9th place) ended with more points than Ukraine (7 points, 8th place).) Thus there are four groups of teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;teams 17-32 (eliminated in the group stage)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;teams 9-16 (eliminated in the round of 16)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;teams 5-8 (eliminated in the quarterfinals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;teams 1-4 (reached the semi-finals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Ranking&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tiebreakers (for teams 17-32, 9-16, and 5-8) are the same as are used to determine which teams advanced from the group stage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total points earned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal differential&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goals scored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of points obtained in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal difference in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of goals scored in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams still tied after the sixth tiebreaker would be listed as sharing the given rank. See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Final_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2006 final standings&lt;/a&gt;, where Iran and the United States are listed as tied for 25th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams 1-4 are ranked based on the results of the final and third-place game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6054" LastEditorUserId="6054" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T22:12:14.477" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T22:12:14.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-10T22:41:04.687" Score="3" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if a fielder &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;reaches into the stands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to attempt a catch, a spectator  has an equal right to try to catch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference if the fielder is reaching over the fence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;into the other teams bullpen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and a member of the opposing team is the &quot;spectator&quot;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3662" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T21:37:02.740" Title="Spectators involved in play" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5284" CreationDate="2014-07-11T03:44:08.520" Score="5" ViewCount="2164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed in the slip area, where first slip stands way back from keeper and rest of the other slips like here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3DCEAm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;Image source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slips.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why it is so? &#xA;Eventually some times ball bounces in front of first slip,why they wont step up further?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3540" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-07-11T09:49:19.737" LastActivityDate="2022-01-07T13:27:29.710" Title="Why does first slip stand further back than the other slip fielders?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5262" CreationDate="2014-07-11T04:38:42.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason for placing fielders in slips is that they can catch an edged ball which is beyond the wicket-keeper's reach. The gap between two fielders in slip position is minor enough that one slip fielder can catch other's fielder's catch chance. But they don't do that. But for wicket-keepers have to (and used to) dive to catch the ball which is in their reach. So if the first slip fielder is standing in the same line as wicket-keeper they may bump each other. That's why they place either behind the other fielders or (sometimes) ahead of them which is up to the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T04:38:42.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5262" CreationDate="2014-07-11T04:39:28.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two reasons that I know of off the top of my head.&#xA;Firstly, to give the keeper space. The keeper can often take 1st slip catches if they are lucky. If the slip was in line with the keeper, they would collide if the ball went between them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason is that the 1st slip can act as a backup to the keeper if the ball goes between them. The keeper has gloves, so it is generally better for him to catch it than the un-gloved first slip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6056" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T04:39:28.757" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5253" CreationDate="2014-07-11T07:00:54.963" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1950 - when the stadium was built - Rio de Janeiro was the Brazilian capital city. That explain why the stadium was not built in Sao Paulo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1276" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T07:00:54.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5274" CreationDate="2014-07-11T11:12:20.320" Score="11" ViewCount="1310" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the World Cup 2014, the semi-finals were held on 8th/9th July, and the final will be on 13th July. This gives Germany an extra day to rest/prepare compared to Argentina.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=sabella-germany-have-final-edge-2402902.html&quot;&gt;mentioned by the Argentinian coach&lt;/a&gt;, Alejandro Sabella:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some of our players are sore, beaten, tired - the results of a war, so&#xA;  to speak. We have a final to play, with one day less to prepare and&#xA;  against a team like Germany, but with work, humility and seriousness,&#xA;  we'll do all we can to make it all the way to the top&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistically, &lt;strong&gt;based on previous matches/tournaments&lt;/strong&gt;, is there a proven advantage in having the extra preparation time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T20:31:03.130" Title="Does the team with the extra rest day perform better?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="341" CreationDate="2014-07-11T12:46:11.450" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I have been told by my American friends is this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is called football because the ball with which it is played is at least one foot long and can't be shorter than one foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find any article about this but yes the ball is 12.5 inches long&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6058" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T12:46:11.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5269" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5270" CreationDate="2014-07-11T14:13:12.370" Score="2" ViewCount="820" Body="&lt;p&gt;When umpire change the cricket ball, was the old ball thrown as waste or keep for reuse? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-11T14:21:42.740" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T19:00:05.033" Title="What is use of old cricket ball?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5269" CreationDate="2014-07-11T15:19:18.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends - there's a number of possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Someone keeps it as a souvenir (10/5-wicket haul) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's re-used&#xA;as a replacement ball in another match &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's passed on to the nets for&#xA;use there &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's discarded&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all depends on the match, the events during it and the state of the ball itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T05:32:50.743" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T05:32:50.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5271" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5272" CreationDate="2014-07-11T15:23:59.293" Score="2" ViewCount="768" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right now, Nibali leads the Tour De France with his teammate 2 seconds behind. If, on the final day of the tour, they both have the same time, will the team tell Nibalis teammate to let him win, or do they tell them to just race together until the end and then both go for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T18:20:52.597" Title="Do teammates have to let someone else win if their team tells them to do so?" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5271" CreationDate="2014-07-11T15:29:07.853" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, there are designated team leaders, and the team's priority is to get them the win. Due to the different disciplines in major road racing, it's unlikely that two riders from the same team will be so close, as teams are selected based on the riders' ability to support their leader (or designated person in some aspect e.g. sprinting) and deliver them the victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, in that scenario I would say that team orders would come into play and Nibali would win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a tradition (not a rule) that there are no attacks on the yellow jersey on the last day, if it's a road stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T15:29:07.853" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5271" CreationDate="2014-07-11T18:20:52.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to what TrueDub answered, there have been precedents before where a teammate of the designated team leader has been well up in time to the leader. That can all change in later stages, especially as said teammate may be required to work for the team leader. That being said, if a team finds that the later stages are here and they are better served working for this new 'leader' it has in the past occurred that they rally around this new leader. Rare, but it does happen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6061" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T18:20:52.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5266" CreationDate="2014-07-11T19:30:40.193" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;1994 and before, World Cup semifinals often took place on the same day, so one team had only a few hours more preparation time than the other. When semifinals did not take place on the same day, the team with the extra rest day most often &lt;strong&gt;lost&lt;/strong&gt;. Here is a list with the team with 5 days between semifinal and final first, team with 4 days second:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; 1966: West Germany - England      2-4 aet&#xA; 1990: Argentina    - West Germany 0-1&#xA; 1998: Brazil       - France       0-3&#xA; 2002: Germany      - Brazil       0-2&#xA;*2006: Italy        - France       1-1 aet (4-3)*&#xA; 2010: Netherlands  - Spain        0-1 aet&#xA;*2014: Germany      - Argentina    1-0 aet*&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only twice did the team with more preparation time win, and this team did not win in regular time.  The latter instance of the two also seems to be the only time when the later semifinal went into extra time while the earlier one did not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very first world cup final was four and three days, resp., after the semifinals, and also won by the team with fewer time to prepare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1930: Argentina    - Uruguay   2-4&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting side observation: The &lt;strong&gt;third place match&lt;/strong&gt; was won by the &lt;strong&gt;team in the same semifinal&lt;/strong&gt; as the eventual champion every time except 1990 (host Italy came third after being knocked out by eventual final loser Argentina) and 2014 (Netherlands, despite professing lack of motivation beforehand, beat Brazil, who had apparently not recovered from a severe semifinal loss against eventual champion Germany).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these may not be enough observations to establish that less preparation time is actually useful, one can likely rule out a significant advantage. The results of the four most recent European Championships and Copa Américas is in fact even: 2 wins each for the team from the earlier semifinal, 2 for the one from the later one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4772" LastEditorUserId="4772" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T20:31:03.130" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T20:31:03.130" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20751" CreationDate="2014-07-11T22:41:48.567" Score="0" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know when the first AP polls for NCAA Football are announced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6063" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T13:54:05.440" Title="When do the first NCAA Football Polls come out?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5548" CreationDate="2014-07-11T23:10:12.287" Score="2" ViewCount="3178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having a rough time learning how to surf. I've gone enough times now (20 to 25 times) to notice a consistent point of failure. I've tried laying farther front or farther back, catching the &quot;energy&quot; of the wave sooner or later, and trying to get on one knee earlier. However, the results are consistent; as long as I go forward (as opposed to dragging behind or the wave being mush), I wipe out the same way every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For now I'm holding off on saying exactly what that &lt;em&gt;way&lt;/em&gt; (of wiping out) is, because I'd like to hear from surfers with enough experience to tell me what &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; happen hypothetically, instead of tempting everyone to offer connect-the-dots theories (narrative fallacies) after detailing my wipeouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been riding my roommate's old surfboard, &lt;a href=&quot;http://surfboards.beurkah.info/selecting-fugu-64-quad-fin-retro-fish-surfboard-epoxy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a 6' 4&quot; Fish, 3 in. thick&lt;/a&gt;. However my roommate's 6 ft. tall, while I'm only 5' 5&quot; and 103 lbs., so the board's probably too large (and heavy) for me. Still, isn't it supposed to be easier to learn on a larger board? That's why I'm wondering: &lt;strong&gt;If there's such a thing as &quot;too large&quot; a surfboard, then in what manner would a novice tend to wipe out on them?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4976" LastEditorUserId="4976" LastEditDate="2014-07-11T23:15:26.127" LastActivityDate="2023-09-06T09:53:10.917" Title="What are the typical / expected results of using too large a surfboard?" Tags="|technique|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5278" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-12T16:51:03.657" Score="2" ViewCount="848" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2005-2006 nba why was denver seeded above dallas even though they had 16 fewer wins? this never made sense to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6067" LastEditorUserId="256" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T01:16:30.467" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T01:16:30.467" Title="In the 2005-2006 NBA season why was Denver seeded above Dallas despite having 16 fewer wins?" Tags="|basketball|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5278" CreationDate="2014-07-12T19:11:21.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Western conference, the Denver Nuggets won the Northwest division. Division winners (Spurs in Southwest, Suns in Pacific, and Nuggets in Northwest) get the highest seeds based on record (1 - Spurs, 2 - Suns, then 3 - Nuggets). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, non-division winners are seeded based on record. The Dallas Mavericks finished second in the Southwest division and had the best record of a non-division winner, thus awarding them the fourth seed (followed by 5 - Grizzlies, 6 - Clippers, 7 - Lakers, and 8 - Kings). You will also notice that the 8th seeded Sacramento Kings had the same record as the 3rd seeded Denver Nuggets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/standings/2005/team_record_comparison/conferenceNew_Std_Div.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_2006.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following verbiage from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/standings/team_record_comparison/conferenceNew_Std_Cnf.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA.com&lt;/a&gt; will also help in regards to understanding seeding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams 1 to 4 in each conference are the three division winners and the&#xA;  team with the next best regular-season record, with the seeding of&#xA;  these four teams determined by regular-season record. The playoffs&#xA;  seedings of Teams 5 to 8 are based upon regular-season record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: I believe the verbiage above was put into place after the 2005-2006 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-12T20:07:00.450" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T20:07:00.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5262" CreationDate="2014-07-13T12:48:18.293" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally the outside edges from the bat, travel very fast. And these edges will be angled away from the keeper. So in order to adjust to the speed of the edge &amp;amp; to catch it safely, first slip will stand 1-2 steps back.&#xA;And the tiny (thin) edges from the batsman's bat will not be diverted much. Which means, keeper can catch it. With gloves, it wouldn't be a big problem for the keeper to catch those thin edges. So keeper can stand up.&#xA;Again, 2nd/3rd slip will be standing on par with the keeper. This is because, for the edges which are more diverted, angle the diversion saves the distance from the edge till the 2nd/3rd slip. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6076" LastActivityDate="2014-07-13T12:48:18.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5286" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-13T14:21:29.453" Score="1" ViewCount="908" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does Kane wear a mask one week, and the next week he is without a mask?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6078" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T01:26:42.487" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T13:33:53.633" Title="Why does Kane wear a mask one week, and the next not?" Tags="|history|pro-wrestling|wwe|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-12-02T21:39:07.113" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5289" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-14T01:15:32.710" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T01:15:32.710" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T01:15:32.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5290" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-14T01:15:32.710" Score="0" Body="Questions about professional wrestling, a choreographed illustration of a combat sport for entertainment purposes. For questions about amateur wrestling, please use the [wrestling] tag." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T02:12:13.983" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T02:12:13.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5291" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-14T01:27:04.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about World Wrestling Entertainment, a professional wrestling sports entertainment company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WWE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T20:02:12.117" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T20:02:12.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5292" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-14T01:27:04.063" Score="0" Body="Questions about World Wrestling Entertainment, a professional wrestling sports entertainment company." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T01:27:04.063" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T01:27:04.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5293" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-14T02:10:48.493" Score="6" ViewCount="3599" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman be run out after an umpire signals over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend was batting outside the crease, and the ball went to a fielder. He was not taking a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire called &amp;quot;Over&amp;quot;, and my friend went to talk to the non-striker at his end. Then the bails came off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this Out, or Dead Ball, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6083" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2020-12-26T20:46:43.263" LastActivityDate="2020-12-26T20:46:43.263" Title="Can a batsman be run out after the ball is dead?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|wicket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5293" CreationDate="2014-07-14T03:25:37.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think you can get run out after the umpire signals over. When the umpire signals over, the six deliveries are all finished, and there is no further play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4997" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T03:25:37.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5293" CreationDate="2014-07-14T04:09:48.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt; of the dead ball is &lt;strong&gt;no further actions can be performed after the ball is declared as dead&lt;/strong&gt;. That means neither batsmen can run nor fielders can run-out them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_ball#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dead ball - Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In cricket, a dead ball is a particular state of play in which &lt;strong&gt;the players may not perform any of the active aspects of the game&lt;/strong&gt;. In other words, &lt;strong&gt;batsmen may not score runs and fielders may not attempt to get batsmen out&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T15:56:35.303" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T15:56:35.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5300" CreationDate="2014-07-14T06:41:07.540" Score="4" ViewCount="19230" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is 3 recognized yellow-red card pattern in football (just try check a football report in FIFA.com and there's only 3 pattern)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They're&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yellow card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2nd yellow card followed by red card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Red card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When it is applicable to show a 2nd yellow card and followed by a red card. &lt;b&gt;Can't you just directly give a red card?&lt;/b&gt; If a player who gets 2nd  yellow card, is going to be followed by a red card, why we hear commentator says like &amp;quot;Oh he got a 2nd yellow card! He will miss the next match&amp;quot;, since if we're referring to the second pattern, this is impossible since a second yellow card is automatically followed by a red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is this pattern possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;30' : 1st Yellow Card&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;60' : 2nd Yellow Card&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;90' : Red card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5031" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:50:08.013" Title="Yellow and Red Card pattern in football" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-14T06:47:43.310" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Total Nonstop Wrestling (TNA) fans recently voted to have the company bring back a six-sided ring&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cagesideseats.com/tna-impact/2014/6/24/5837592/tna-announces-return-of-six-sided-ring-at-upcoming-new-york-impact&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; for their wrestlers to perform in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does a six-sided ring contrast from a four-sided ring?&lt;/strong&gt; Obviously, one ring has six sides and the other has four sides, but how does this difference change the mechanics of the ring itself? (ie, Does it have more/less give? Is it more/less sturdy? etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T09:07:33.920" Title="How does a six-sided ring contrast from a four-sided ring?" Tags="|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5298" CreationDate="2014-07-14T06:52:04.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) A direct red card is only shown for hard fouls. For less tough fouls the player will get a yellow card. It's a warning. For the second foul he get's the second yellow card, directly followed by a red card, sent off and misses the next match. But only the next match.&#xA;If a player is sent off by an direct red card, he misses the next two or more matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) is not possible&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule a player misses the next match with his second yellow card (not in one game) takes only place in world cups or similar tournaments. In other competition it differs from this. Champions League it's 3 yellow cards and normal season matches it is 5 yellow cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;your second pattern is not possible, because a second yellow card in a single game is always followed by a red card directly! Only these patterns are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;30': 1st yellow card &#xA;60': 2nd yellow card followed directly by a red card, player is sent off&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;30': 1st yellow card &#xA;90': a direct red card, player is sent off&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...I had to look it up to do it right: &#xA;In English it is &quot;second yellow card&quot;.&#xA;In German we would say &quot;gelb-rote Karte&quot;, which literally would be &quot;yellow-red card&quot;. &#xA;So in German it's clear the second yellow card is followed by a red one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &quot;second yellow card&quot; occurs also on normal season. The player will miss the next match.&#xA;BUT this two yellow cards (the first, and the second, followed by the red) will not count for the players sum of yellow cards in the season. It does not set this sum back to zero, the sum stays the same.&#xA;With the second yellow card the punishment has &quot;increased&quot; to a direct miss in the next match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Addition: If the player get's a yellow card followed by a DIRECT red card, later in the game, the first yellow card will count for his sum of yellow cards in the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T09:08:19.717" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T09:08:19.717" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5299" CreationDate="2014-07-14T08:12:19.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The UFC uses the octagon because it gives the fighters more actual floor area to maneuver in. By contrast a boxing ring is square so that one fighter can cut the ring off from the other fighter and force him up against the ropes as efficiently as possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For pro-wresting all this means absolutely nothing since it is strictly entertainment and part of entertaining is climbing up on the ring and jumping off the ropes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastEditorUserId="1110" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T09:07:33.920" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T09:07:33.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5304" CreationDate="2014-07-14T10:16:10.087" Score="6" ViewCount="2258" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee, Nicola Rizzoli, seemed to have received a medal in yesterday's finale. What kind of medal is this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6087" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T10:35:47.457" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T12:18:38.037" Title="What medal did the referee in the FIFA world cup get?" Tags="|football|officiating|world-cup|fifa|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5303" CreationDate="2014-07-14T12:18:38.037" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would a momento or souvenir, rather than a medal. This is common in all sports, to give the officials souvenirs of a significant moment in their officiating careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T12:18:38.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5286" CreationDate="2014-07-14T13:22:06.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is part of the storyline. This is known in pro-wrestling as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayfabe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;kayfabe&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the beginning of the character's career until around 2003, Kane was masked. He was unmasked for a long period of time (long after I stopped following pro-wrestling) after that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last year, he had been unmasked to carry out his role as the &quot;Director of Operations&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kane_%28wrestler%29#Director_of_Operations_.282013.E2.80.93present.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; as part of &quot;The Authority.&quot; After WrestleMania XXX, Stephanie McMahon and Kane had a &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2050163-bryan-vs-kane-examining-stephanie-mcmahons-potential-role-in-title-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;vignette&lt;/a&gt; that ultimately led to a remasking and thereafter referring him to as &#xA;&quot;The Demon Kane.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T13:22:06.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-14T13:59:17.547" Score="3" ViewCount="1429" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recent test series between India and England, Star Sports, which is the official broadcaster in the Indian sub-continent, showed a new graphics after each ball is bowled. It was the amount of ball swing (in-swing/out-swing). The data was in centimetres &amp;amp; the measuring axis was the trajectory of the ball if it doesn't undergo any swing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what new technology was used to measure this deviation? Or was it just the good old Hawk-eye with some data processing? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:49:35.953" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:49:35.953" Title="How the cricket ball's swing measured instantly?" Tags="|cricket|technology|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5309" CreationDate="2014-07-14T14:43:46.790" Score="6" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Tour De France, when the riders are in a pack, one rides at the front while the others take advantage of the reduced wind resistance, and then one from the back (or is it the guy directly behind the leader?) heads to the front for a while while the previous leader rests, and they carry on doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's to stop someone just staying at the back and letting the others take it in turns leading the group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T15:22:27.410" Title="What's to stop a guy staying at the back of a peleton?" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5308" CreationDate="2014-07-14T15:22:27.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although at times there is an etiquette (or unwritten rules of conduct if you will) on acceptable behavior, and when there is a breakaway it is frowned upon to not take your turn up front and help, there is nothing preventing an individual or entire teams from choosing to stay back and not exert themselves by taking point. &#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;However, there are a couple of possible negatives for doing so. &#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;First, they may find themselves out of position (too far back, blocked in, etc.) should an attack from the front occur. This will then require greater effort from the individual/team to work their way back onto the wheel of the attackers. &#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, it is allowing the team up front to set the tempo. Like with all endurance sports, individuals tend to be comfortable at different tempo's. A different tempo than what is comfortable makes it harder to react to changes in the tempo. This is why you will often find all the members of a team up front on some stages really cranking it out while allowing their team leader to sit right behind them. They are setting a quick tempo to discourage attacks (hard to attack when you are needing to work hard to maintain the current pace) and also to leave their team leader in a perfect position to follow any attacks if warranted. &#xA;&lt;p&gt; &#xA;So to answer your question, it is all a matter of strategy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6088" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T15:22:27.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-14T18:29:24.763" Score="30" ViewCount="15955" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, teams that are losing will sometimes pull their goalkeeper late in the game and bring in an extra attacker to increase their chances of scoring and tying the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do teams ever pull their goalie in football and bring in an extra attacker when they are losing?  Is this even allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-06T07:41:47.953" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T07:41:47.953" Title="Do they ever pull the goalkeeper in football?" Tags="|football|strategy|coaching|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-14T18:46:14.330" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't see this in soccer. If a team is desperate to score a goal, the goalie comes out of his net and plays in the middle or front. For example when there is a corner kick, the goalie could go all the way to the opposite box to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this happens often in indoor soccer. The goalie comes out at the end of the game replaced by an attacker. But this extra attacker should still be wearing a goalie's uniform, since team are required to have designated jersey for goalies and each team must have a goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="11575" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T21:17:27.427" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T21:17:27.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-14T18:47:30.590" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would certainly be allowed, but it would likely be a failed strategy in soccer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In professional soccer, you only get 3 substitutes per game. If you burn one on pulling out your keeper, then if you accomplish your goal and tie the score, if you go to overtime, you're stuck with no keeper on the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So subbing in a field player for a keeper is probably a loser as it's a poor use of resources and leaves you in a bind if you succeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, most keepers are capable players and can play the field in a pinch. Thus it's not hugely uncommon for you to see the keeper pushed way up in a situation where his team must score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are some good reasons to not do this in normal play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most soccer league regular season games aren't hugely meaningful, but it can be a lot better to lose 1-0 than it would be to lose 2-0. Which means risking a greater loss to try to tie the game is not beneficial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keepers aren't usually &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; field players. While they may be capable, and they usually have a solid kick, they aren't strikers, and at best, a keeper playing high frees up a mid or back to go up and play a striking role.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's a long run from the defending third to the attacking one. Most of the time it doesn't make much of a difference to have an extra player on the attack (see how often a team of 10 can play even with a team of 11), so it doesn't make a lot of sense for the keeper to come forward and play a role he's relatively unfamiliar with.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, this strategy can pay, especially on very late set piece opportunities, but in general, it just doesn't seem worth it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T18:47:30.590" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-14T20:05:02.043" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As has been noted, keepers do sometimes come up to act as an attacker during the game, though they are never really subbed out for another attacking player. A couple things to keep in mind from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Laws of the Game.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 15: &quot;A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven &#xA;players, one of whom is the goalkeeper&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 16: &quot;Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper, provided that:&#xA;• the referee is informed before the change is made&#xA;• the change is made during a stoppage in the match&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 19: &quot;• Each goalkeeper must wear colours that distinguish him from the other &#xA;players, the referee and the assistant referees&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you did substitute off a goalkeeper, the sub would have to have a different shirt, or if you swapped a field player with the goalkeeper, they would have to change jerseys. I have seen this happen when the goalkeeper is injured and the team has no more substitutes left - they'll put a midfielder or attacker (sometimes, but rarely, a defender) into goal, but the midfielder will play as a goalkeeper, not as an attacking player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, the goalkeeper is almost never subbed out except for another goalkeeper. The cost is too high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: More often I've seen this happen when the goalkeeper gets a red card and the team has no more subs left. If the goalkeeper interferes with a player trying to score, he can get a red card and if the team has no more subs, they'll have to put a player already on the field into the goal, in which case he'll have to get a different shirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-09-27T13:24:48.083" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T13:24:48.083" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5261" CreationDate="2014-07-14T20:46:08.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the official baseball rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3.09:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Players in uniform shall not address or mingle with spectators, nor sit in the stands before, during, or after a game. No manager, coach or player shall address any spectator before or during a game.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That seems to separate &quot;players&quot; from &quot;spectators&quot; pretty clearly, though neither term is defined in Rule 2.00 (Definitions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of Interference (Rule 2.00 - Definitions) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) Offensive Interference is an act by the team at bat which interferes with, obstructs, impedes, hinders or confuses any fielder attempting to make a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reaching into the stands is done at the player's own risk and no spectator interference can be called, but players in uniform but not currently active (say, on the bench or in the bullpen) are still players and I believe can still be called for Offensive Interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, I'd conclude that a player or coach in the bullpen may not interfere with a defensive player attempting to make a catch while reaching over the wall. If the bullpen had spectators in it for some reason (stand overflow, maybe?), the spectators could try to catch the ball, but you wouldn't have players/coaches in the bullpen then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T20:46:08.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5298" CreationDate="2014-07-14T22:31:47.227" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I'm writing this on my phone, so I wont bring you any sources at the moment. You'll simply have to take my word for it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In football, there are basically three ways in which you can be sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Two yellow cards in one game - which results in a sending off (red card) per se, and also a one game suspension. Since yellow cards are more or less &quot;warnings&quot;, the suspension is just that one game, and no investigation or jury decision regarding a tougher punishment is deemed necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The &quot;light&quot; sort of red card (in swedish it's called &quot;lindrig utvisning&quot;, but I'm not sure of the wording in english), which for example is given to a player that stops a goal by using his hands (and who, of course, isn't the goalie). This sort of red card also come with a one game suspension, but no more - hence the &quot;light&quot; before &quot;red card&quot;. No investigation is made in this situation neither.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) All other sorts of direct red cards mean a sending off as well as a suspension which in most associations is at least two games. Depending on the nature of the foul, the suspension can - at least in theory - be as much as a life time ban from all football related activities. In fact, there are cases where &quot;real&quot; charges has been pressed, and people have been sent to prison.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from the sending offs, players can be suspended by receiving a certain number of accumulated yellow cards over the course of a season/tournament. This number is often set to two or three yellow cards, and almost always results in a one game suspension. If you receive two yellow cards in one game (and is thus sent off) and already have one from an earlier game, the suspension can be 1 + 1 = 2 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope the answer is clear enough, otherwise just write a comment and I'll try to improve it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T22:31:47.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-15T00:37:58.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it does happen, although not very often. Goal difference can be important at the end of the season, so if your team was losing in a regular game, there's no point going all out to tie when the risk of conceding a goal is very high without a goalie in the net. On the other hand, during cup matches where a team is about to be put out unless they score a goal, you would often see the goalkeeper advance to the other half of the pitch for corner kicks. Two that come to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiypsJpTx3E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Peter Schmeichel scoring for Manchester United from a corner kick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wp1KlSBjmqk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Joe Hart sprinting back to his goal when the opposition get the ball back&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6092" LastEditorUserId="6092" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T12:44:54.877" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T12:44:54.877" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5298" CreationDate="2014-07-15T01:16:32.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of The Game are very strict on what a player, substitute or substituted player can be cautioned (shown the yellow card) and sent off (shown the red card) for. On pages 38-39 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;, we find the seven cautionable offences, and seven sending-off offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautionable offences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the&#xA;  following seven offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;delaying the restart of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner&#xA;  kick, free kick or throw-in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if he commits any of the&#xA;  following three offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;delaying the restart of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sending-off offences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the&#xA;  following seven offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;serious foul play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;violent conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;spitting at an opponent or any other person&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity&#xA;  by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within&#xA;  his own penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying an obvious goalscoring opportunity to an opponent moving&#xA;  towards the player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a&#xA;  penalty kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this information, it is now possible to consider your questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While a referee can directly give a red card, the reason a second yellow is shown before a red is because the player concerned has not committed a sending-off offence. They have only committed one of the seven cautionable offences. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee was to show a direct red, they would be wrong by the Laws, and the send-off (and hence any suspension) may be overturned, and in cases where the result was affected, the game may be replayed for a serious error in law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the seventh sending-off offence listed above is &lt;em&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/em&gt;. Therefore, if a player is cautioned and shown the yellow card for the second time in one match, the referee is obliged to then immediately send them off and show them the red card, as that sending-off offence has then been committed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When commentators remark that a player has received a second caution and will miss the next match (but it is only a player's first caution of the match), they are generally talking about suspensions for accumulated cautions, which is entirely different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending upon the competition rules, a player serves a mandatory suspension for receiving a certain number of cautions throughout the competition. For example, during the 2014 FIFA World Cup Finals, if a player received two cautions throughout the competition (up to and including quarter finals), they were suspended for the next match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the situation you describe &amp;mdash; in which a player receives a first caution, then some time later a second caution, then some time later is sent off &amp;mdash; isn't possible under the Laws of the Game, but it doesn't mean it hasn't happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1974 FIFA World Cup Finals, in the group stage match between Australia and Chile, Ray Richards, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4X9deZvt3HY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;number 6 for Australia received a second caution, but wasn't sent off until some time later when the referee realised his mistake&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-05T06:33:13.987" LastActivityDate="2015-12-05T06:33:13.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5615" CreationDate="2014-07-15T02:29:36.717" Score="0" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;The highest rated quarterbacks in football appear to release the ball just seconds after the snap. Sophisticated pass rushing and secondary coverages give the offense few opportunities to advance the ball on longer routes to gain yardage. Also, scrambling is in decline as QBs take a few steps back and throw. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3704" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T13:12:45.310" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T17:55:56.567" Title="How quickly should a drop back passer release the ball?" Tags="|american-football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-15T07:01:57.403" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A point that hasn't been made in the other answers is that this tactic would be numerically much less effective in football than in ice hockey because of the larger teams. In ice hockey, pulling the goalie gives you six outfield players against five, which is a 20% increase over your opponent. In football, it would only give you eleven against ten, a 10% increase of manpower. So, not only is it very expensive (three substitutions in football, versus unlimited in ice hockey), it's also likely to be much less effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5030" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T07:01:57.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2014-07-15T07:56:35.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find myself as a free center midfielder (libero) that I end up sweeping when we are ahead late in the game and are trying to preserve a lead as the opposing team pushes forward hard.  I think to be a truly free player in the game is to know where to position yourself where you can have the most influence on the game.  Attack more than defend to get ahead, then defend more than attack to stay ahead dropping back as far as necessary, and attacking only when good opportunities present themselves usually on the counter.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T07:56:35.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-15T10:31:37.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While rare, it does happen. Generally speaking, after an intensive match players are exhausted, but that probably won't apply to the goalkeeper, so if he were a fairly good field player it may be worth for him to leave the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen it happen (without an official role switch) during the just finished World Championship in the last minutes of one match, but I'm not sure which that was. Maybe Honduras? (see  below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honduras captain and championship keeper Noel Valladares said in a german interview he actually scored, albeit after officcially switching role, in their national professional league games. He says his total score is five goals!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blick.ch/sport/fussball/wm2014/honduras-goalie-valladares-ich-koennte-auch-tore-schiessen-id2937230.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The interview in german&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6099" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T10:54:48.647" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T10:54:48.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-15T11:08:12.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer the goalkeeper can act just as another player. He can also use his hands in the penalty area, but he can play anywhere. &#xA;It is relatively usual in play-out matches that the goalkeeper goes to attack, when there is a corner kick in the last minute and they lose by just one goal. This way the goalkeeper can try to score with a header.&#xA;For instance, this is how Seville beated Shakhtar Donetsk in UEFA Cup 2007, with a goal of the goalkeeper in the last minute. You can google &quot;palop goal&quot; to watch it.&#xA;It is permitted to pull out the goalkeeper and put any other player in his place, if you have not made all the changes. In this case the team must decide which one is the goalkeeper. But this is not a good idea. You lose more time like this, and it will not make a big difference. You'd better change a defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6100" LastEditorUserId="6100" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T11:14:28.023" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T11:14:28.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5333" CreationDate="2014-07-16T06:21:55.870" Score="10" ViewCount="6701" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it possible for the assistant referee to realize when a player is offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the assistant referee is in line with the last forward, how can he see when the ball leaves the other player if he is so far from the last forward?&#xA;Watching the replays, it seems impossible to make the right decision on difficult offside calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that is necessary to view the last players (forward and defender) and the ball &lt;strong&gt;at the same time&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2015-04-18T07:56:30.070" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T07:56:30.070" Title="Where does the assistant referee watch to realize when a soccer player is offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5331" CreationDate="2014-07-16T10:35:15.840" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what makes it such a difficult job, and why I can't understand why sometimes people are so harsh on linesmen when the decision is tight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linesman's optimal place is in-line with the second last defending player. From here he will be able to judge the hardest part of his decision, the placement of the attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He will then have to use his best judgement from peripheral vision and other factors as to when the ball was passed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6112" LastEditorUserId="6112" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T15:15:53.523" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T15:15:53.523" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5331" CreationDate="2014-07-16T12:29:49.780" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the ball is in play, the assistant referee will do their best to remain in line with whichever one of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; closest defending player to the goal line;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the halfway line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is closest to the goal line (p.86 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;FIFA 2014/15 Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They will generally side-step, only running facing the goal line when required to do so to keep up (p.86, p. 95 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;FIFA 2014/15 Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;). This enables them to have a view of the offside line, the ball, the referee and the majority of the players at once. By occasionally placing their chin on their chest, they can use the touch line to gauge whether they are remaining square with the offside line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it appears that an attacker is going to play a ball and other attackers are close to being offside, the assistant referee will focus on the offside line and use their peripheral vision to judge when the ball is last played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T13:25:27.673" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T13:25:27.673" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5310" CreationDate="2014-07-16T14:50:10.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They don't pull their goalie, but goalies can go anywhere they want on the field, so if they need an extra attacker on a free kick or something they may bring the goalie up to take the free kick so that they can have everybody else attacking, or they may just get the goalie to participate in the attack. This strategy is only applied if the team needs to score at the end of the match, because if they lose the ball they won't have anybody back so the opposing team can just lob the ball and try to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;tl;dr the goalie is just another player but one that has special privileges (i.e. can pick up the ball in his/her box), so they don't pull the goalie they send the goalie up onto the attack. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6116" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T14:59:51.553" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T14:59:51.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5307" CreationDate="2014-07-16T14:51:51.850" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's essentially what Hawkeye measures, the path of the ball once it leaves the bowler's hand. In this case it can determine the deviation from the initial trajectory, plot the curve and give measurements though some swift data processing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slightly controversial part of Hawkeye is the predictive element, describing what the ball would have done if it had not hit the bat/pad/person of the batsman in the meantime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T14:51:51.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3816" CreationDate="2014-07-16T15:53:06.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the biggest reason no one has touched upon, besides the obvious difficulty in judging a pitch to be far out of the strike zone or not is &lt;strong&gt;the hit and run play&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a runner on base and this play is called the batter will (and should) swing at any pitch unless it is egregiously hard to hit. (Sometimes they still swing to throw off the catcher and make throwing out the runner a little more difficult). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole point of a hit and run is that the man on base will be taking off as soon as the pitcher goes and will prevent a double play if the batter hits a routine ground ball (hopefully). If the batter manages a hit the runner might even be able to score from first or second on a hit which he would normally not. If the batter doesn't make contact then the runner could be thrown out, technically caught stealing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6117" LastEditorUserId="6117" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T20:36:42.330" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T20:36:42.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5338" CreationDate="2014-07-16T16:42:21.943" Score="2" ViewCount="11888" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a baseball team needs to make room on its 25 man roster, it may send one of its newer players back to the minor leagues. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, this is done through a process of &quot;optioning&quot; the player back to the minor league team. What is involved in this process? What are the limits on the number of options or the amount of service time a player has that makes him eligible to be optioned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:24:38.760" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:24:38.760" Title="How does &quot;optioning&quot; a player to the minor leagues work?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|transaction|milb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5337" CreationDate="2014-07-16T17:08:51.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First the basics. Baseball rosters are 40 men. There are three locations that a player on the 40 man roster can be. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the Disabled List (or one of a handful of other inactive statuses such as bereavement, paternity or the concussion DL)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the active 25 man roster (or 26 on Double Header days)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the minor leagues&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player is moved from the active roster to the minor leagues he goes through a process called &quot;optioning.&quot; This is a bookkeeping maneuver to move his roster spot and contract from the active MLB roster to the Minor League rosters (usually AAA, but sometimes lower levels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, a team gets 3 years where they can freely call up and send down a player. Most of the time this is the first three years of a player's service time, but it can continue longer. The rules are that any player who is sent down and spends 20 or more days in the minor leagues burns up an option year. It does not matter whether a player is ever on the 25 man roster, if he's on the 40 man, and playing in the minors, he's probably burning an option year.  (Players are often placed on the 40 man roster prior to their callup in order to protect them from the rule 5 draft.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who is currently in an option year can be called up and sent down freely. A player who does not have any options remaining must pass through the waiver wire before he can be sent to the minor leagues (this process removes him from the 40 man roster as well). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fourth option year can be had if a player does not accrue 90 days of service time with an active professional club during his first year as a professional (so someone who only played rookie ball during his first professional year)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player with 5 years of ML service time cannot be sent down to the minors without his consent regardless of whether or not he has cleared waivers or has options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_transactions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T17:16:27.953" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T17:16:27.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2053" CreationDate="2014-07-16T22:27:58.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a player may declare for the draft as an underclassman, decline to sign, and be drafted again his senior year. This is a process known as &quot;redrafting.&quot; Aggressive agents like Scott Boras use the redrafting process to maximize the signing bonuses of their clients.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, Stanford pitcher Mark Appel was near top of the amateur rankings at the end of his junior year, but was not drafted early because of concerns about his &quot;signability&quot; if he was anything other than the number one choice. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the eighth overall pick but declined to sign, thereby vindicating his doubters. In 2013, he was drafted at the end of his senior year by the Houston  Astros with the first overall pick, and a maximum signing bonus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T22:27:58.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5344" CreationDate="2014-07-17T05:19:23.507" Score="7" ViewCount="1007" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is &quot;ball tampering&quot; in cricket? How can we say ball is tampered? Any punishments for tampering? Can somebody list the name of players who were punished?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6064" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T02:37:52.440" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T03:20:00.507" Title="What is ball tampering in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5343" CreationDate="2014-07-17T05:55:10.873" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is ball tampering in cricket? How can we say ball is tampered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 42 (Fair and unfair play)&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;3. The match ball - changing its condition&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;(a) Any fielder may&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) Polish the ball provided that no artificial substance is used and that such polishing wastes no time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) Remove mud from the ball under the supervision of the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) Dry a wet ball on a piece of cloth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;(b) It is unfair for anyone to rub the ball on the ground for any reason, to interfere with any of the seams or the surface of the ball, to use any implement, or to take any other action whatsoever &lt;strong&gt;which is likely to alter the condition of the ball, except as permitted in (a)&lt;/strong&gt; above.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is illegal to alter the condition of the ball by actions except permitted in (a). Like, rubbing the ball on the ground, scuffing with a fingernail or other sharp object etc. Such actions are call as &lt;em&gt;Ball Tampering&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any punishments for tampering? Can some body list the names of players who was punished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is up to the level of the ball tempering and the match referee. Usually the opposite team is awarded 5 penalty runs, the player is banned for few matches, is fined the match fee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_tampering_controversy_in_August_2006&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a big controversy&lt;/a&gt; of a ball tampering in the match between England and Pakistan in August 2006. ruled that the Pakistani team had been involved in ball tampering. They awarded 5 runs penalty to England and the ball was replaced. However, Pakistani team denied it and refused to play after tea. After waiting for few time, the umpires awarded the match to England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T05:55:10.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5343" CreationDate="2014-07-17T06:05:38.773" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is ball tampering in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an action in which a fielder illegally alters the condition of the ball. It'll make the fast bowlers ease to &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/5270308.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;swing the ball in the air&lt;/a&gt;. So, it is easy to bowl reverse swing with (early overs)new balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How can we say ball is tampered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires will find whether the ball is tampered. They shall make frequent and irregular inspections of the ball. If the umpires together agree that the deterioration in the condition of the ball is greater than is consistent with the use it has received then they will apply the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 42.1&lt;/a&gt; on this action as an unfair Play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any punishments for tampering?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The punishments will be differ on the possibility of finding the player(s) responsible for that action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can refer the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-south-africa-2013-14/content/story/682501.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Playing conditions for test matches&lt;/a&gt; for the punishments on finding and not finding the player(s) responsible for tampering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can somebody list the names of players who was punished?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_tampering#Examples&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this Wiki Link&lt;/a&gt; for some of the examples of the players who got punished for ball tampering. The most famous one is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausvpak09/content/story/446437.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Shahid Afridi got banned&lt;/a&gt; for two matches for biting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T09:41:33.197" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T09:41:33.197" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5347" CreationDate="2014-07-17T07:13:32.967" Score="12" ViewCount="15270" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a sport fan, playing ( at amateur level ) numerous sports. 10 years ago, I was quite good at playing table-tennis, participated in several amateur competitions. Even now I often play with my friends. On the other hand I rarely play tennis, although I enjoy watching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will knowing table-tennis help you when you play tennis? Can the movements, the balance, the rhythm, the pace and so on from table tennis help you when you're playing tennis? Is there such an obvious relation between the 2 sports? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6124" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T13:11:35.850" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T06:53:52.740" Title="Does being good at table-tennis help when playing tennis" Tags="|tennis|table-tennis|performance|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5346" CreationDate="2014-07-17T08:23:56.323" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;you and I have a lot in common - playing both table tennis and regular tennis. My answer to this question (from years of observing the effects of playing both sports) is both yes and no. Some things are the same (and help across both sports) and some are different and don't help that much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The similarities:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Balance&lt;/strong&gt; - both require good balance and using your non-hitting hand to help you maintain your balance when having to reach for a shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hand-eye coordination&lt;/strong&gt; - both require you to concentrate on, and keep your eye on, the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recognizing spin&lt;/strong&gt; - your ability to recognize what kind of spin your opponent puts on the ball helps in both sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The differences:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stamina&lt;/strong&gt; - high level tennis requires greater physical strength and stamina. You'll have to be in better shape and more fit to reach higher levels of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stroke/Technique&lt;/strong&gt; - This is most notable to me. In tennis, I need a much different kind of stroke (more loopy, different contact point, different follow through, etc.) in tennis than in table tennis. In table tennis I can get away with using more wrist to hit the ball and I need to apply much less effort into contacting the ball in table tennis. What I find if I am playing more tennis than table tennis is I hit a lot of shots past the end of the table in table tennis. Oppositely, I end up using too much wrist in my tennis strokes if I've been playing more table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Game Pace&lt;/strong&gt; - the back and forth action in table tennis is (on average) a lot faster than in tennis, so you have to be ready to hit your next shot much sooner in table tennis than in tennis and you sometimes adjust your strategy in table tennis to allow more time to recover for your next shot than you would in tennis (though sometimes the same strategy applies in tennis as well if you've been pulled far off the court).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T08:23:56.323" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5346" CreationDate="2014-07-17T14:18:38.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Table tennis is to &quot;real&quot; tennis as &quot;miniature&quot; golf (putt-putt) is to &quot;real golf. So there are some commonalities (and some important differences).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that is common to both versions of &quot;tennis&quot; is shot anticipation/selection. To the extent that both forms of tennis are a &quot;mental&quot; game, the thought processes in one can help in the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A second thing is balance/footwork. In this case, it is the foundation of either form of tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, tennis, like golf, is a much larger scale of its &quot;miniature&quot; version. While the latter is mostly skill, in the former, strength and stamina come into play. Basically, tennis is a &quot;whole body&quot; (rather than arms mainly) version of table tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T14:18:38.253" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5353" CreationDate="2014-07-17T15:33:05.910" Score="6" ViewCount="1631" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See the same question posted by me on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/In-football-penalty-shootouts-Germany-wins-71-of-the-time-England-17-only-What-can-explain-this-trend?share=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was surprised to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.penaltyshootouts.co.uk/countries.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;read&lt;/a&gt; the following statistics regarding the success rate of national teams in football penalty shootouts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WnOsm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  NATION     PENALTY SHOOTOUT WIN/LOSS RECORD&#xA;  Argentina     73%&#xA;  Germany       71%&#xA;  Brazil        64%&#xA;  France        50%&#xA;  Sweden        50%&#xA;  Uruguay       50%&#xA;  Italy         33%&#xA;  Netherlands   20%&#xA;  England       17%&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The data was taken from the following competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the European Championship (known as the European Nations Cup until 1976)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the African Cup of Nations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the Copa América&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the Asian Nations Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;African Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Afro–Asian Cup of Nations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Asian Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Confederation of Southern African Football Associations Cup (COSAFA)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup (CECAFA; also known as Al Amoudi Senior Challenge Cup)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Confederación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Fútbol (CCCF and CONCACAF) tournaments&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA/Confederations Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gold Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Intercontinental Championship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Olympic Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Panamerican Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Asian Gold Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Asian Football Federation Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South East Asian Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tiger Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Asian Games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Asian Championship.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason that explains such a discrepancy between teams? I would have expected the distribution to be much more uniform, as I felt that professional players would be trained pretty much the same around the world when it comes to kicking penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T13:54:22.110" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T14:00:49.247" Title="Football penalty shootouts: Germany wins 71% of the time, England 17% only. Any reason?" Tags="|football|statistics|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5346" CreationDate="2014-07-17T15:58:14.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the skills of &quot;real&quot; tennis transfer well to table tennis while the reverse is not always the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the strategy is similar, the player movement and differing mechanics of spin is an initial detriment wen crossing from one sport to the other. Tennis players playing table tennis often seem to overcome this initial skill gap when switching sports faster than table tennis players because the motions of tennis seem more exaggerated than the motions of table tennis because everything is &quot;scaled up&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short Answer:&#xA;If you've played table tennis, you will be better at tennis initially than someone who hasn't played either sport but don't expect to be a tennis god.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6129" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T15:58:14.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5346" CreationDate="2014-07-17T17:27:27.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Off the top of my head, two actions in particular bring up my table tennis game AND my tennis game: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) More foot work. If my feet aren't making plenty of noise on the floor/court, I'm not doing anything else as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Watching for racket/paddle -&gt; ball contact. This a concentration exercise that gets you better contact and hits, but also helps take your mind off whatever else it is you shouldn't be thinking about while taking a swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To more directly answer your question, you will be more mentally fit for tennis than someone who has no table tennis experience. That will go a long way towards the pace of your physical progression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6130" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T17:27:27.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5349" CreationDate="2014-07-17T18:15:02.460" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The results, as presented on the webpage, are not that surprising. I downloaded the chart of all countries and ran a histogram of the performances (discounting countries that only had 1 or two shootouts, as they are a very small sample size). 54 countries had participated in 3 or more shootouts and here is the histogram.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/w9Wfr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a reasonable approximation of a normal curve - the 40-50 bin is a lot higher than the 50-60 bin because all the 50% results go in there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard deviation of this set is 19.9 and the mean is 49.17. This means that if we randomly selected some countries from the list, we would expect approximately 2/3 of them involved to fall between a 30% and 70% win rate. Of the countries you listed, 5 of the 9 fall within that range (and Germany is just outside it), so that's about on par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what does this mean? It seems to imply that penalty shootout results are somewhat random, even for teams from &quot;Major&quot; nations, as they closely match up with what we might expect from a random selection of countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a decent &lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/extra-time-isnt-a-crapshoot-in-the-knockout-round-but-penalties-are/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FiveThirtyEight article&lt;/a&gt;  about extra time and penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T13:57:14.060" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T13:57:14.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-19T17:33:39.420" Score="8" ViewCount="5992" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard that the slope at Lord's runs down from Nursery end (media centre) to the Pavilion end with a height of around 8 feet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s_Cricket_Ground&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; mentions that the slope aids in-swing from one end and out-swing from the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the physics behind this? What has the slope to do with the ball swinging? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6137" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T10:56:08.827" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T17:42:05.983" Title="How does the slope at Lord's aid swing bowling?" Tags="|cricket|venues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5354" CreationDate="2014-07-19T20:12:52.277" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The slope actually runs across the ground, not down it as you suggest - so the ground at one side of the Pavilion is noticeably higher than the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does aid with moving the ball, but off the pitch (seam) rather than through the air (swing). Bowlers from the Pavilion end can move the ball into a right-handed batsman more easily, and vice versa from the Nursery end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/enqrK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="3400" LastEditDate="2014-07-25T10:04:38.473" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T10:04:38.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-19T22:10:08.933" Score="2" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a story or meaning, or is it just random and whimsical fashion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5zKZ0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5zKZ0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example cowboy hat 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AB7Zr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AB7Zr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-08-13T09:50:14.203" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T09:50:14.203" Title="Why do German football (soccer) fans wear cowboy hats?" Tags="|football|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5534" CreationDate="2014-07-20T01:37:03.820" Score="6" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a pitcher and a catcher play together on the same team, the catcher ends up being able to spot pitches much better than he would against a pitcher he was familiar with. (This can be seen in the All Star Game for example, where the catcher looks nowhere near as comfortable as normal receiving the pitch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If either player traded to another team, and ended up facing each other, would the catcher have an advantage when batting as he would be able to spot the pitches much better than a batter who might only face the pitcher a handful of times over the year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6138" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T20:42:44.107" Title="Would a catcher have an advantage batting against a former teammate pitcher?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5358" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5359" CreationDate="2014-07-20T03:55:14.380" Score="5" ViewCount="1310" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://prestonjg.wordpress.com/2009/09/12/a-thorough-account-of-pitchers-who-have-started-both-games-of-a-doubleheader-in-the-major-leagues/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;It was once not unheard for pitchers to pitch both games of a doubleheader&lt;/a&gt;, even to throw back-to-back complete games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The most distinguished doubleheader pitching achievement was that of&#xA;  “Big Ed” Reulbach of the Cubs, who did it only once, but nobody did it&#xA;  better.  His big day was September 26, 1908, when he threw a pair of&#xA;  shutouts in Brooklyn, allowing a total of just eight hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had always assumed this was because pitchers in the old days didn't throw all the fancy pitches they do today. But &lt;a href=&quot;http://nyti.ms/1qZFkYc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the New York Times indicates otherwise&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For the past 12 years, a team led by Dr. Carl Nissen, a surgeon, has&#xA;  been doing research into the stresses inherent in pitching. At one&#xA;  point, Major League Baseball gave the center a grant to research why&#xA;  so many pitchers were being injured. Because the results contravened&#xA;  accepted wisdom — that certain pitches are more harmful than others,&#xA;  for example — Nissen believes that M.L.B. is unlikely to fund further&#xA;  studies there. “We were myth-busting,” Nissen said. “Beliefs handed&#xA;  down over time with no science behind them. It’s not the curveball&#xA;  that’s damaging to the elbow, as everyone says. It’s the fastball,&#xA;  thrown again and again over time. Pure physics.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's different? Do we just know better these days? Or was pitching not as hard on the pitcher's arm long ago?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T09:22:49.763" Title="How could pitchers once pitch both games of a doubleheader?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5358" CreationDate="2014-07-20T04:17:46.373" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is basically one of the million dollar questions in sports today:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Why are pitchers getting hurt more now than ever before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody knows the answer, but here are a couple theories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Athletes are bigger and stronger than ever today.  They lift more weights, maintain better nutrition, and have access to technology and knowledge that has never existed before.  Increased strength and size allow pitchers to put more stress on their muscles and bones than ever.  Throwing a baseball is an extremely unnatural motion, and this is even more the case with today's stronger athletes.  Some people say that pitchers are so strong today that they're damaging their own bodies with the force their muscles can create (and the repetitive training they endure as they strive to apply such forces).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kids today spend far more time pitching and training at a young age than ever before.  As the sports industry grows (along with the money it offers) the incentive to succeed grows with it.  Youth sports today is more specialized than ever, with coaches expecting their athletes to focus on a single sport.  Today's young pitchers throw hundreds of pitches per week starting at a young age and continue through adulthood.  One of the leading theories about the cause of today's pitching injuries is that kids are throwing their arms out at a young age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doctor's are better at detecting injuries today.  My guess is Nolan Ryan pitched through dozens of injuries during his career that would sideline pitchers today.  Professional pitchers have also become hundred-million dollar assets in today's sports, so doctors have more incentive than ever to protect them.  However, some people would argue that this protective approach could &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; be one of the causes of today's injury epidemic...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After writing #3, I did a quick google about Nolan Ryan (hoping for a good quote from the legend) and found another theory: that pitchers today are over-protected and get &quot;&lt;em&gt;babied&lt;/em&gt;&quot; too much by their managers.  You can read more about that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/texas-rangers/headlines/20140327-rangers-ex-nolan-ryan-still-believes-pitch-counts-are-hurting-arms.ece&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="459" LastEditorUserId="459" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T04:25:51.783" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T04:25:51.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5354" CreationDate="2014-07-21T04:48:46.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you referred : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the slope at Lord's runs down from Nursery end (media centre) to the Pavilion end with a height of around 8 feet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;strong&gt;Pavilion End&lt;/strong&gt; when bowling to a right-hander, the ball slides down the slope going further away from the bat than you would naturally expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes further down the leg side to a left-hander than it would on a flat ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The converse occurs at the &lt;strong&gt;Nursery End&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-india-2014/content/story/761777.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; explains what Bhuvaneshwar Kumar did to utilize the slope and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/geoffreyboycott/2383325/Harmisons-seamers-hold-key-to-exploiting-Lords-slope.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; referring Steve Harmison.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="3737" LastEditDate="2015-05-15T02:23:23.787" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T02:23:23.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-21T05:36:09.243" Score="13" ViewCount="4133" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Masters series 1000&lt;/a&gt; is the premier event in Men's tennis after the 4 Grand Slams.&#xA;1000 signifies the ranking points earned by the winner.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;There are a total of 9 Masters 1000 events throughout the year. But they are either played on hard or clay courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon, which is played on grass court, is considered to be the most prestigious event in Tennis. The Grandest Slam among Grand Slams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is there no Masters 1000 event on grass courts either between French Open &amp;amp; Wimbledon or after Wimbledon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes sense to not schedule the event between the 2 week gap from French Open to Wimbledon. But why not afterwords. Also, why not extend the gap to 3 weeks &amp;amp; schedule an event in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only notable events leading up to Wimbledon are in Queen's Club in London &amp;amp; Gerry Webber Open in Germany, which are&#xA;Masters 500 &amp;amp; 250 respectively with Nadal/Murray &amp;amp; Federer/Djokovic respectively participating&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar is the case for WTA also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T12:52:47.303" Title="Why is there no ATP Masters series 1000 event on grass courts?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5379" CreationDate="2014-07-21T08:49:51.293" Score="1" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a newbie in playing darts. When I practised myself, I noticed that even if I stood with my feet parallel to the oche, the movement of my arm was not a straight line going out from my dominant eye towards the dartboard. When I propelled the darts, my elbow seemed to twist a bit at certain position. As a result, the dart often hit Single 6 or Single 11 when I aimed at the Bull.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To simplify what I have said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The dart, my aiming eye, my throwing arm and my target were not always on the same vertical plane in a throw.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this normal? Anyone who can share his/her experiences in playing darts are greatly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6140" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-23T13:13:51.550" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T13:13:51.550" Title="throwing mechanics" Tags="|technique|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5361" CreationDate="2014-07-21T09:07:57.780" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are not alone in asking this. Many fans and players have also started requesting a longer grass court season and having a grass court Masters 1000 event. Right now it has a lot to do with the tightness of the schedule as well as having the market and sponsors available for a Masters 1000 event on grass to make enough financial sense. The financial commitment involved for a 250 or 500 level tournament is much less than for a Masters 1000 event in addition to the venue and player services needed for a Masters event size draw - usually 64 to 96 players. Also, grass is a notoriously demanding surface to maintain so an event like that would require an expert grounds crew to prep and care for it over the life of the event like Wimbledon does. I think one day we will eventually see a Masters event on grass - all the right pieces need to fall into place first before it can happen. I wouldn't be surprised if someone like Federer took on a challenge like that after he retires, given his affinity for the surface. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T09:07:57.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5365" CreationDate="2014-07-21T09:43:19.290" Score="2" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm developing a football application. A two-legged tie looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;TeamA  1:0  TeamB&#xA;TeamB  4:2  TeamA&#xA;&amp;lt;sum of goals 3:4, sum of wins 1:1, winner TeamB&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it easy to understand? The sum is actually calculated diagonally, and the order of sums corresponds to the first leg (match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I rearrange all this so that it would be understandable and correct? May I fold the first two lines like following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;TeamA 1:0, 2:4 TeamB&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or it is untraditional and weird to swap the score this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There may be objections that this question should be moved to User Experience site, but the question is more about how is right, rather than how is more convenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T10:11:39.790" Title="Football score swapping: is it ok?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5364" CreationDate="2014-07-21T10:11:39.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's important isn't the format per se; it could pretty much be formatted anyway you see fit (that is, with regards to design and user-friendliness). The way I see it, you can do it anyway you want - just as long as it's clear which team was the home team in each game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You probably already know this, but for a reader who's new to football; the two-legged tie is often determined on the number of away goals, when each team has won one game each and the goal difference is the same. This makes it very important that it is clear which team was the home (and away-) team in each game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from that, you should simply find a good looking way of presenting the scores :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T10:11:39.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-21T11:04:21.803" Score="11" ViewCount="760" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stage races in cycling are interesting because they typically have multiple competitions inside one race. You have the general classification (usually seen as the most important one), and then there are numerous other classifications such as &lt;em&gt;points classification&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;intermediate sprints classification&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;mountains classification&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;young riders classification&lt;/em&gt;, and the &lt;em&gt;combination classification&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;combination classification&lt;/em&gt; is the one that confuses me, especially in the Vuelta a España, where it has consistently been one of the prizes for many years. This classification is almost always won by the same rider who wins the general classification. Because the combination classification is (literally) made up of a combination of the other classifications, there is no way for a rider to go for this prize; in order to improve your standings in the combination classification, a rider needs to improve his standings in &lt;em&gt;all other classifications&lt;/em&gt;, which is something nobody is interested in doing. People who are possible contenders for this prize are usually also contenders for the general classification, which typically means that they &lt;em&gt;only care about the general classification&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting statistic: After 2003, only one rider has won the combination classification without also winning the general classification. This was Alejandro Valverde in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question: why does the Vuelta keep employing the combination classification, and why don't they switch to a different prize that riders would actively try to achieve? Are there any historical reasons behind this, or sponsor contracts or so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6143" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T21:41:27.527" Title="Why does the Vuelta a España have a combination classification?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2809" CreationDate="2014-07-21T11:13:02.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can answer your first question. Your second question would be more difficult to track down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Tour de Suisse (and in fact, many other stage races as well), the jerseys' colors simply change from year to year. Even the rules change quite often. In 2012, for instance, there was no intermediate sprints jersey. Instead, there was a red jersey for the best Swiss rider in the general classification. Often, these color changes are caused by changes in sponsors. This is quite prominent in the Tour of Spain, for instance: even the general classification's leader jersey (which would typically be seen as a very traditional prize) has changed numerous times throughout the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2008 was not the only year when the sprints jersey was white. The same color was used in 2007. After that, the blue color has been used fairly consistently, but it may be up for change again next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6143" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T11:13:02.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5368" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5369" CreationDate="2014-07-21T11:38:26.973" Score="3" ViewCount="4911" Body="&lt;p&gt;If player has batting strike rate of 300 what does that mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If bowler has strike rate of 20 then we say he has taken 20 balls to take a wicket. what can we say in case of batsmen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-22T05:17:44.663" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T15:27:11.737" Title="What does the batting strike rate signify?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5368" CreationDate="2014-07-21T11:42:33.763" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batting strike rate signifies the rate at which a batsman scores runs. We can see the strike rate of batsmen for limited overs cricket is far higher than test matches, where they'll score runs slowly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By definition, batting Strike Rate is the total number of runs a batsman will score if he faces 100 balls. If a batsman has batting strike rate 300 means, he scored runs three times than the number of balls he faced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's easy to calculate batting strike rate with the below formula,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Batting S/R = (No. or runs scored/No. of balls faced) x 100&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="753" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-08-07T15:27:11.737" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T15:27:11.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5370" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-21T12:56:19.120" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T12:56:19.120" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T12:56:19.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5371" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-21T12:56:19.120" Score="0" Body="For questions about participants, hobbyists, and followers of sports and the associated cultures and communities of these people." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-05T07:46:29.780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T07:46:29.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5176" CreationDate="2014-07-21T13:04:37.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA's laws continue to state that &lt;code&gt;'The ball may not be changed during the match without the authority of the referee.'&lt;/code&gt; However as you may have seen during the FIFA World Cup as well as other competitions, many associations have accepted the Multiball system. So it is hard to find a documented maximum number or an average number of balls per match. But as per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiball_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia entry on the Multiball system&lt;/a&gt;, generally about a maximum of 7 balls are used per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I read &lt;a href=&quot;http://2014.7msport.com/video/content/14528.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; that Adidas manufactured and tested 20 balls for the Final World Cup game between Germany and Argentina.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of people are against this system because home teams, specially in England use it to their advantage and ask the local ball boys to waste time during away throw-ins, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6144" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T13:04:37.477" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5373" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5374" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of darts." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T13:07:56.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5375" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-21T14:05:34.060" Score="2" ViewCount="3172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that we are approaching the MLB trade deadline, I would like to ask some questions about unusual trades. The first is about three team trades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a manager of team A goes to the manager of team B and says, I want Y from you and I'm willing to offer X. If they agree that X and Y are equivalent, and that a trade would benefit both sides, the deal is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose the manager of Team B says, &quot;I think that X is equivalent to Y, but that's not really what I want. But I think Team C will accept X in trade for Z, and Z is what I really want for Y.&quot; Then there is a possible three way trade if team C is really is willing to trade Z for X.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this how a three way trade gets done? Or are there other means/mechanisms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T14:06:05.583" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T14:43:56.950" Title="How does a three team trade work?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5375" CreationDate="2014-07-21T14:43:56.950" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three team trades are complicated, but they are done. Here's essentially how this goes down. We'll identify three teams here, team A, team B and team C. Team A and B are the primaries in the trade, team C will be our intermediary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A is in playoff contention, they desperately need a closer. But don't have the right players to pull off the trade directly with team B, but has players who are desirable to team C. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Team B is out of contention, has a closer on an expiring contract, they don't want anyone in team A's system enough to trade their closer, but have had their eye on a couple of guys in Team C's system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Team C is usually out of contention as well, but can sometimes be in contention (it doesn't usually benefit a contending team to do this, but an out of contention team can do well in a trade like this). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So team A will send their players who weren't the right mix for team B to team C, and team C will send their players to team B, who will send the closer to team A. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recently &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bleachernation.com/2014/07/18/friday-afternoon-fun-cubs-mariners-rays-in-a-david-price-three-team-deal/&quot;&gt;revealed &lt;em&gt;potential&lt;/em&gt; scenario&lt;/a&gt; actually has some interesting details and insights into this. The author there gets into the details, but it amounts to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tampa wants young, good positional talent for David Price&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seattle doesn't have any, but has some decent young pitching&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chicago has young near ML ready positional talent and needs young pitching&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A deal like this that has Seattle sending young pitching to Chicago, Chicago sending young positional talent to Tampa and Tampa sending Price to Seattle &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; workout. However, it requires that all sides, &lt;em&gt;especially&lt;/em&gt; the intermediary thinking they are getting a good deal. This is largely why these deals don't happen. If a team doesn't have the players to get a deal done directly, it's very difficult to convince a third party that to give up their prospects (or ML talent in some cases) for players who weren't good enough for the 2 parties to swap directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T14:43:56.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4030" CreationDate="2014-07-21T14:45:30.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I found, Angel Fernandez, the great commentator who is well known for his &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVjP28wbUww&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;breathless GOOOOAAAAAAL screams&lt;/a&gt;, had a hand with creating the nickname 'Nou Camp'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the translated version from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://mx.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120713113752AAUFT1Z&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Angel Fernandez, an excellent football commentator, was the first person to call it the &quot;Nou Camp&quot; in those distant years, which resembled that of the Camp Nou in Barcelona. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those who know Spanish, here's the original text&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ángel Fernández, un excelente comentarista de fútbol, fue la primera persona en llamarle &quot;Nou Camp&quot; por el ambiente del estadio que en aquellos años lejanos, que se asemejaba al de el Camp Nou de Barcelona. Eso fue en una narracion de un juego de fútbol, poniéndole asi al estadio y citando el estadio de Barcelona. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6144" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-07-22T12:25:55.983" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T12:25:55.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5378" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-21T14:54:50.670" Score="3" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team 1 begins by going to Team 2 and offers X for Y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team 2 counters by saying, I don't think X is as valuable as Y, so I want X &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; Z for Y. That would be a &quot;two for one.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team 1 says, I don't want to give you a whole &quot;extra&quot; player, but if you trade me Y for X, which works in my favor, I'll offer you A for B, which works in yours. Now it's &quot;two for two.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if team 2 agrees that the &quot;package&quot; X+A = the Y+B &quot;package&quot; (and both sides get what they want), the deal gets done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that how a &quot;multiplayer&quot; dialog might go or are there other routes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(An example was Sean Burnett and Nyger Morgan for Joel Hanrahan and Lastings Milledge between the Pittsburgh Pirates and Washington Nationals some years ago, from my own &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/229501-lastings-milledge-a-roll-of-the-diceand-a-baseball-philosophy.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;piece:&lt;/a&gt; (I'm not referring to a veterans for prospects trade, that's a separate question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-07-21T15:43:41.337" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T04:50:15.720" Title="How does a multiple player trade work?" Tags="|baseball|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5362" CreationDate="2014-07-21T16:56:46.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I throw darts fairly regularly. When you say that your feet were parallel to the oche, did you mean perpendicular? If you stand with your feet parallel, then you'll be facing the board straight on and it will be very hard to do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's my suggestion - place one foot (generally the same foot as your throwing hand, so right foot for a righty, left foot for a lefty) right up against the oche. Put most of your weight on that foot and place the other foot a little bit back (maybe 10-15 inches). Just use the toe of that foot to help maintain balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point, you'll have your body turned a bit - somewhat perpendicular to the oche. Turn your body a bit more so that your throwing shoulder is in front of your body. Bring your dart up in front of your face, and you'll find that it's much easier to keep the dart in line with your eye (as long as you don't move your upper arm too much when throwing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a site with pictures of the foot position and one view of the shoulder/upper arm:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nicedarts.com/dart_stance.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nicedarts.com/dart_stance.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T16:56:46.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5381" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-22T06:28:29.340" Score="1" ViewCount="3294" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any specific criteria for giving man of the match award? Are there any hard rules that it should be given to performance from winning team even when loosing side holds a significant performance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-22T06:57:08.417" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T18:50:00.330" Title="Criteria for Man of The Match in Cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|awards|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5384" CreationDate="2014-07-22T06:56:06.923" Score="4" ViewCount="2735" Body="&lt;p&gt;On what basis Man of The Match in Football is given and who decides that?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: In 2014 world cup in Spain vs Australia David Villa, Fernando Torres and Juan Mata each scored a goal but David Villa bagged Man of The Match, even though he was substituted in between and Torres played full 90 Minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T05:58:35.873" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T05:58:35.873" Title="On what basis is the Man of The Match award given in Football and who decides that?" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5381" CreationDate="2014-07-22T10:47:13.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not really - normally a candidate or two present themselves by virtue of their performances, either with bat or ball, and the adjudicator or adjudicators make their decision based on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no hierarchy in that 100 runs &gt; 5 wickets &gt; 5 catches, although individual adjudicators will have personal opinions on what's more important &lt;em&gt;within that match&lt;/em&gt; and therefore whose contribution was more important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T10:47:13.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5382" CreationDate="2014-07-22T18:38:36.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no universal answer to that question, as it differs between contest/teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cup games, especially in international ones, the award is often handed out by sponsors of the tournament/cup. This was also the case when the MVP of the entire World Cup was to be chosen. This was done by the German sporting brand Adidas, who's one of the main sponsors of the WC.&#xA;[Trivia: there were some speculations in media as to whether or not Leo Messi was awarded MVP simply because he has a sponsorship deal with Adidas already, but this has not been verified].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In leauge games, the sponsors, (local) media or fans of the home team is usually deciding who's to be awarded the man of the match. The award can simply be honor and gratitude, but it can also be monetary or constituted by some sort of perk. For example, a couple of years ago, the man of the match in home games for the Swedish team Elfsborg was given the keys to a Porsche painted in the Elfsborg colors. The player was then allowed to drive the car until the next home game, when a new man of the match was decided. This is a typical example of a PR-trick as well as a carrot for the players, which can typically be combined with the award.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T18:38:36.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5349" CreationDate="2014-07-22T22:30:56.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My best answer would be that German players are more mentally tough.  I would imagine if you looked back and the individual shoot-outs that a large percentage of England's losses came after one or more players missed the goal entirely with a shot off-target.  PK's are more of a mental trial than physical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6150" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T22:30:56.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5386" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-22T22:36:03.517" Score="17" ViewCount="20761" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there are a lot of bad NFL teams but I want to know who the worst franchise in NFL history is.. (ie: least playoff appearances/wins/win percentage etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6150" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T14:14:02.200" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T03:38:27.870" Title="Statistically, who is the worst NFL team in history?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|statistics|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5388" CreationDate="2014-07-22T23:03:32.947" Score="4" ViewCount="46864" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player on the opposing team kicks the ball and the ball crosses the goal line. However, before the ball touches either the net or the ground inside the goal, the goalkeeper catches it. Does the ball still count as a scored goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-24T20:52:35.090" LastActivityDate="2022-06-07T20:44:45.117" Title="Is a goal scored if the goalkeeper catches the ball after it has crossed the goal line?" Tags="|rules|football|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5387" CreationDate="2014-07-23T00:37:43.330" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From page 34, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between&#xA;the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no infringement of the&#xA;Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the&#xA;goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the game of association football, the ball is always out of play when it crosses the line either in the air or on the ground. It never has to hit the ground to be out, like in other forms of football, such as rugby. From page 33, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line &lt;strong&gt;whether on the ground or&#xA;in the air&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nets only exist to make it clear to the refereeing team that the ball passed under the crossbar and between the post. They're not even required in the Laws, although most competitions will require them in their competition rules to make things easier for the refereeing team. From page 11, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nets &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt; be attached to the goals and the&#xA;ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly supported and do not&#xA;interfere with the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T00:49:35.637" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5387" CreationDate="2014-07-23T01:25:49.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes this counts as a goal. Once the &lt;strong&gt;entire&lt;/strong&gt; ball passes the goal line, it's considered as a goal, no matter if it is on the ground or in the air. However, this is very tough for the referee and his assistants to see and many times such goals are not awarded. That is why the goal line technology was introduced, to reduce controversy in such cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-06-07T20:44:45.117" LastActivityDate="2022-06-07T20:44:45.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5390" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5392" CreationDate="2014-07-23T02:28:30.973" Score="3" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night I went to a local bar and had a few dart matches with my friends. It was an enjoyable night for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first two matches were 701 games, and my performance was just as usual with an average PPR around 50. However, after consuming more and more alcohol, I couldn't keep my hand steady. I just missed all the targets I aimed at, especially during the Cricket matches played afterwards. My MPR dropped from 1.8 to somewhere below 1.0. The phenomenon found on myself could be concluded as &lt;strong&gt;drink more, miss more&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if this is a common thing among dart players. Since I have seen players still played very well after drinking quite a lot of beer, I wonder whether this is related to darting experiences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, is there any way to improve such &lt;strong&gt;drink more, miss more&lt;/strong&gt; situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6140" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-23T13:14:04.760" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T13:14:04.760" Title="alcohol, stability, experience" Tags="|technique|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5386" CreationDate="2014-07-23T04:13:02.133" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a list of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_win-loss_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL win-loss records&lt;/a&gt; for each of the current 32 NFL teams.  The tables on the page include all games that each team has played in, including regular season and playoffs.  Sorted by win percentage, combining the regular season and post-season tables, through Super Bowl LV (2020-21), the best team is the Green Bay Packers, with a win percentage of .571, and the worst team is the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, with a record of .397.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, some teams are much older than others.  The Packers have played 1,445 games from 1921-2020, and the Buccaneers have only played 728 games since 1976.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These stats only include teams that are currently in the NFL. However, in the early years of the NFL, there were &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_defunct_National_Football_League_franchises&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lots of teams that no longer exist&lt;/a&gt;, many of whom ended their NFL franchise with a lower percentage than the Buccaneers currently hold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T03:38:27.870" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T03:38:27.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5390" CreationDate="2014-07-23T07:51:19.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your experienced in the bar of an initial improvement, then a decline, has also been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8367248&quot;&gt;studied&lt;/a&gt; in a controlled environment. Researchers T. Reilly and J. Scott summarized their study as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Light (0.02% BAC) and moderate (0.05% BAC) does of alcohol were&#xA;  administered to 10 dart throwers while effects were monitored on tasks&#xA;  related to dart throwing, i.e., rotary pursuit and hand steadiness.&#xA;  Balance and accuracy of throwing improved with the 0.02% BAC, but&#xA;  performance was impaired with 0.05% BAC. The higher BAC levels were&#xA;  linked with deteriorations on rotary pursuit and hand steadiness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for optimal performance, you need to keep your alcohol level fairly low but non-zero.&#xA;The blood alcohol level &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alcoholalert.com/blood-alcohol-level.html&quot;&gt;depends on a lot of factors:&lt;/a&gt;, including:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The presence of food in your stomach&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of drinks per hour. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tolerance to alcohol, or learned tolerance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Weight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gender&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One solution would be to drink 1-2 beers (or whatever you need to get to about 0.02 % BAC), then switch to non-alcoholic drinks, and have another beer or two when you finish playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to keep drinking, and keep playing darts well after the first couple of beers, you will need to eat something in the bar (crisps are traditional), consume alcohol regularly, and put on some weight. You may notice that drinking regularly and eating crisps are a quick and easy way to put on weight. This may answer the question posed, but also bring health risks, so I personally wouldn't recommend it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T07:51:19.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5394" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5397" CreationDate="2014-07-23T14:33:45.553" Score="1" ViewCount="4026" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is tete de la course? And why are they at the front of the pack leading the peleton by quite a high time margin? And who decides the riders to be at tete de la course? And I think everybody at Tour de France should start at the same, it isn't fair for a pack to start early than the rest of the riders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2074" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T14:17:54.627" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T14:17:54.627" Title="Tete de la course, why are they at front?" Tags="|rules|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5395" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-23T16:31:08.017" Score="4" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of a race, swimmers dive off the starting blocks into the water. I would like to know how fast they are moving when they enter the air, before they hit the water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus far my search attempts have resulted only in discussions of response time, training to increase this speed, or speed of the athletes as they move through the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a concrete empirical measurement of their horizontal movement, such as in meters per second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6151" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T20:28:37.090" Title="What is the top speed of swimmers when they leave the blocks?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4721" CreationDate="2014-07-23T16:44:59.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To go through all Olympic tournaments prior to 1998, when the NHL permitted its players to take part in the Olympics, would require &lt;em&gt;serious&lt;/em&gt; digging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;It's possible there may be a scenario in which an Olympic gold medal-winning netminder was not a member of an NHL team, but signed with a franchise after the tournament. There's also the possibility goaltenders who won gold during their amateur careers went on to face one another in the postseason as professionals.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We went ahead and did the digging. Please see the addendum below.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the NHL-at-the-Olympics era, 2014 would mark the first time the goalies who faced each other in the gold-medal game (Carey Price, Henrik Lundqvist) went on to face each other in the Stanley Cup playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing which is certain: you can eliminate the Soviet Union's Vladislav Tretiak (gold medalist in 1972, 1976 and 1984) and the United States' Jim Craig (1980) from meeting any of the NHL criteria. Tretiak never played in the NHL; Craig never played a postseason game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is a breakdown of the meetings between gold-medal goalies in the NHL postseason since 1998. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To briefly explain my criteria, I looked at a player's playoff meetings after they had won gold. (Although during my research, I noted a couple of instances where a gold medalist would end up facing a future medalist; hindsight is 20/20.) I included goalies who were part of Olympic teams, but may not have appeared in any contests because by Olympic standards, they are still medalists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All instances noted are during the NHL-Olympics era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998: Dominik Hasek (Czech Republic)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hasek squared off against Czech teammate Roman Cechmanek of the Flyers in the 2001 quarterfinals. Cechmanek did not appear in any of the 1998 Olympic contests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;This is the first time, regardless of role or country, gold medal-winning goalies faced each other in the NHL playoffs.&lt;/del&gt; (See 1992.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hasek faced two future gold medalists in Curtis Joseph and Ed Belfour during the 1999 playoffs. Belfour and Joseph won gold with Team Canada in 2002. Joseph appeared in one game; Belfour in none during those Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, Hasek never squared off against a gold-medal winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2002: Martin Brodeur (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update:&lt;/em&gt; Brodeur would face Nikolai Khabibulin (United Team, 1992) in the 2003 Eastern Conferense Semifinals. Both had captured gold by this meeting, making this the first instance where netminders from opposing countries faced off in the NHL postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brodeur met Henrik Lundqvist (Sweden) in the 2006 Eastern Conference quarterfinals between the Devils and Rangers. Both were gold medalists by this point. Canada and Sweden did not face each other in the 2006 Olympics, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;This would be the first instance of gold medal-winning goalies from opposing countries faced each other in the playoffs.&lt;/del&gt; The Brodeur-Lundqvist meeting of 2006 would be the first time gold medal-winning goalies who started for their respective countries met in the postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brodeur and Lundqvist met in the 2008 Eastern Conference quarterfinals and the 2012 Eastern Conference finals as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2006: Henrik Lundvist (Sweden)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lundqvist would face future gold medalist Marc-Andre Fleury (Canada) in the Rangers' 2008 Eastern Conference semifinal series with the Penguins. Fleury did not appear in any games for Team Canada in 2010, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lundqvist would meet Fleury again in the 2014 Eastern Conference semifinals -- after both had won gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lundqvist would also face Montreal's Carey Price (Canada) -- albeit briefly -- who had won Olympic gold in 2014. This marks the first time two starting gold medal-winning goalies who met in the Olympic final also met in the NHL postseason during the same season/calendar year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2010: Martin Brodeur / Roberto Luongo / Marc-Andre Fleury (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Brodeur, see above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luongo has not faced an Olympic gold medalist in the postseason since capturing his first at the 2010 Winter Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update:&lt;/em&gt; For Fleury, see 2006. Also, Fleury faced future medalist Price -- briefly -- in Game 1 of the 2010 Eastern Conference semifinals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2014: Carey Price / Roberto Luongo / Mike Smith (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update:&lt;/em&gt; See 2006 for Price; 2010 for Luongo. Smith did not appear in the 2014 postseason following Canada's gold-medal win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADDENDUM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes from prior to the NHL-Olympic era:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994: Tommy Salo / Hakan Algotsson (Sweden)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salo would meet future medalist Belfour (Canada, 2002) during the 1999, 2000 and 2001 Western Conference quarterfinals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Algotsson never played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1992: Mikhail Shtalekov / Andrei Trefilov / Nikolai Khabibulin (Unified Team)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shtalkenov, the Unified Team's starting goaltender in 1992, made just one postseason appearance -- 26 seconds to be exact -- for the Anaheim Ducks in 1996. He faced Khabibulin, who was the third-string netminder for the gold medal-winning 1992 Unified Team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This&lt;/em&gt; marks the first time, regardless of role or country, gold medal-winning goalies faced each other in the NHL playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trefilov made a five-minute appearance in one NHL postseason contest, but did not face a gold-medalist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Khabibulin, in addition to facing Brodeur in 2003, would meet future gold-medalist Roberto Luongo (Canada, 2010) in the 2009 Western Conference semifinals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1988: Sergei Mylnikov (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did not appear in any NHL postseason games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1984: Vladislav Tretiak / Vladimir Myshkin (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1980: Jim Craig (United States)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did not appear in any NHL postseason games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1976: Vladislav Tretiak / Alexander Sidelnikov (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1972: Vladislav Tretiak / Aleksandr Pashkov (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1968: Viktor Konovalenko / Viktor Zinger (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1964: Viktor Konovalenko / Boris Zaytsev (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1960: Jack McCartan / Larry Palmer (United States)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;McCartan not appear in any NHL postseason games; Palmer did not play in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1956: Nikolai Puchkov / Grigory Mkrtychan (Soviet Union)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1952: Eric Paterson / Ralph Hansch (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1948: Murray Dowey (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1936: Jimmy Foster (United Kingdom)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1932: Bill Cockburn / Stan Wagner (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1928: Joseph Sullivan / Norbert Mueller (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1924: Jack Cameron / Ernie Collett (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1920: Walter Byron (Canada)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never played in the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following additions account for all gold-medal winning goaltenders. Extracting some firsts from our research:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;United States' Jack McCartan was the first gold-medal winning goaltender to play in the NHL. He signed a five-game amateur tryout contract with the New York Rangers following the Olympics. He did not see any postseason action, however.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soviet Union's Vladislav Tretiak was the first gold medal-winning goalie to be drafted by an NHL team. He was selected 138th overall by the Montreal Canadiens. (United States' Jim Craig was drafted by the Atlanta Flames in 1977, prior to his gold-medal triumph.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soviet Union's Sergei Mylnikov was the first netminder with a gold medal on his resume to be drafted by an NHL team &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; play in the NHL. The Quebec Nordiques selected him 127th overall in 1989. He made his NHL debut that fall.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nikolai Khabibulin (Phoenix) is the first gold-medal winner to start in an NHL playoff game. He was the third-string goalie for the 1992 Unified Team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;But technically, Mikhail Shtalenkov (Anaheim) was the first gold medal-winning starter to appear in an NHL playoff game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first goaltender to start an NHL playoff game, having won gold as his nation's starter, is Sweden's Tommy Salo (Edmonton, 1999).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shtalenkov and Khabibulin were the first gold-medal winning goalies to face each other in the postseason -- regardless of role or country -- when they did so in 1996. Both were members of the 1992 Unified Team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Canada's Martin Brodeur and Khabibulin were the first gold medal-winning goalies from opposing countries, regardless of role, to face off in the NHL postseason when they did so in the 2003 Eastern Conference Semifinals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brodeur and Lundqvist were the first gold medal-winning starting goalies for opposing countries to meet in the NHL playoffs when they did so in 2006.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="403" LastEditorUserId="403" LastEditDate="2014-07-23T18:53:14.297" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T18:53:14.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5394" CreationDate="2014-07-23T17:10:47.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tete de la course is French for head of the course, and means the front of the race that day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All riders start at the same time each day, and their time to complete the course is accumulated to decide who wins. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On different days different riders decide to break away and try for the stage win, or more realistically to improve their profile within a team, or advertise their sponsor more effectively. These riders simply pedal faster than the others, and if a few work together and the peleton don't actively chase, they can gain quite an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team in the peleton decides to chase, however, most breaks will be caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tactically a break may succeed if nobody in the group poses a threat to the race leader or one of the jersey holders, but if they do the break will be chased down. This has resulted in riders being ejected from a breakaway as they will cause the peleton to chase the break down!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T17:10:47.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5398" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5400" CreationDate="2014-07-23T19:40:46.790" Score="3" ViewCount="2738" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see this a lot of time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FTilw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FTilw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://s1.dmcdn.net/C8zOG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dmcdn.net&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's observe the defenders: some of the them put both of their hands to cover their genitals (understandable), but there's also someone who put one of their hands in front of their chest, or on their nose like the second man from the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are those folks putting their hand in front of their chest? There's nothing to protect in their chest. The reason I asked this is because I saw this a lot like everywhere from school matches to the World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5031" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-12-30T08:26:53.713" LastActivityDate="2022-12-30T08:26:53.713" Title="Why do players cover their nose or chest when in a wall?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-23T21:59:46.157" Score="3" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;I own a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.finisinc.com/equipment/technical-products/snorkels/freestyle-snorkel.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Finis Freestyle snorkel&lt;/a&gt;. Along with it I had bought a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.finisinc.com/equipment/technical-products/snorkels/snorkel-dry-top.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;snorkel dry top&lt;/a&gt; as well; only to, later, discover that it only works with the regular snorkels and not with the freestyle version. Does anyone know of a product that can water-seal my snorkel? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only catch is that the freestyle snorkel's opening facing downwards so the dry top needs to be designed according to that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastEditorUserId="6153" LastEditDate="2014-07-24T19:09:00.433" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T19:09:00.433" Title="Is there a dry-top for the freestyle snorkel?" Tags="|equipment|training|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5398" CreationDate="2014-07-24T00:28:46.100" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is done for the same reason they cover the genitals. The velocity of the ball can get very high on a free kick and if it hits a player in the face it can break his nose or even teeth. Also notice that many of these guys have had their noses broken before and had surgery to fix the broken nose. So they definitely don't want to go through the pain and process again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Covering the chest is usually done before the kick. The player who does that doesn't want to block his own vision before the kick, so keeps his arm by his chest. So if the ball is shot towards his face or neck he can cover his head immediately, to avoid getting hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T00:28:46.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5405" CreationDate="2014-07-24T01:18:00.413" Score="7" ViewCount="5428" Body="&lt;p&gt;An attacker beats the defensive line and then goes around the keeper on the edge of the penalty area, leaving them well behind. The attacker continues dribbling the ball towards their opponents' goal. They then stop the ball on the goal line with their foot. They then get down to their knees, wait for the goalkeeper and/or other defenders to approach (in order to make a last ditch save) and then score with their head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this goal stand, and if not, what would be the outcome and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-11-01T02:17:19.077" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T02:17:19.077" Title="Are you allowed to score a goal off the ground with your head to showboat?" Tags="|rules|football|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5401" CreationDate="2014-07-24T02:36:31.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;h1&gt; It's a goal, but why bother do that? (Beside to showboat, obviously)&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Rules of The Law, it was told that (page 34):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,&#xA;  between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no&#xA;  infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by&#xA;  the team scoring the goal&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Making a goal with your head is not an infringement. So goal it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5031" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-07-24T13:46:28.670" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T13:46:28.670" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5331" CreationDate="2014-07-24T11:34:56.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Further to previous, the assistant referee remains level with the second rearmost defender for the majority of the time.   He/she will only leave this position if the ball is further forward than the second last defender ie. the ball has travelled beyond the defence/attack and is going to the goalkeeper.    They do this in case the ball travels over the goalline and therefore they need to be level to see it has crossed completely over the line.&#xA;However, as I say for the majority of the time they will stay level with the second rearmost defender.   This is because this is the optimum position for judging offsides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the assistant is level with the second rearmost and an attacking player is to the right of them, then this attacking player is in an offside position.  Then dependant on the other criteria of Law 11, the assistant will decide whether to raise the flag and indicate offside.&#xA;It is important to understand that it is not an offence to be in an offside position.   It only becomes an offence when they recieve the ball or interfere with an opponent etc.&#xA;There will be numerous times during a game when the assistant will 'keep the flag down' allowing play to continue because even though the player is offside, an offence is not being committed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for how and when to judge offside, studro makes a great point that the body position of the assistant is so important.  By being square on to the field of play they have a great view of when the ball is played and also the line of players in front of him.   Very little head movement is required as it where.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In England, this movement is known as crabbing and there is a great emphasis on this.   Assistant Referees physical training plans usually include some of this sidestep running.&#xA;Even being a metre off being level with the second rearmost defender can cause an error in offside judgment.   This means when looking across the field of play you do not have a true view of whether a player is offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difficulty comes when the ball is on the same side as the assistant just a bit further down the line from him.  The assistant is then required to turn his head left to watch the player about to kick the ball and also across the field to study the offside line.   Add into this the assistant is watching for any fouling, and the ball crossing the line for a throw in, even a quick glance away from across the field of play (ie. away from the second last defender) can cause you to suddenly be not level any more.&#xA;As per previous responses, listening for the ball being kicked is useful and it is surprising that even in grounds with many thousands of people you can still hear the thud of the kick.&#xA;A trick used in the english game is for the other assistant or referee to help the assistant by using the communication kit and tell him that the ball has been played forward.  This means the assistant can keep watching the line and know the ball has been played forward.&#xA;Additionally the assistant will do similar on a throw in deep in the referees half.   Rather than have the referee watch the throw (and take his eyes away from the players), he can watch the players and the assistant will say &quot;In play&quot;.  This means should the referee notice any pushing, if he blows his whistle, he will know if the ball was in play or not.  If the ball was in play he would need to award a freekick.  If not in play then he could say &quot;calm down fellas&quot; before allowing the throw in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6155" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T11:34:56.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5410" CreationDate="2014-07-24T11:42:34.447" Score="2" ViewCount="2353" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5401/are-you-allowed-to-score-a-goal-off-the-ground-with-your-head-to-showboat&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, I am wondering if there has been a game where a player or team was punished for taunting the opponents (or the fans) with unsporting behaviour, i.e. scoring in an unconventional way with intent of insulting the defence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if unsporting behaviour (besides physical or verbal  violence) is an offence in itself, and if so what's the appropriate punishment for such; yellow/red card? Can a goal be disallowed for instance? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened in a top division game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T00:10:09.660" Title="Has there been any punishment for taunting opponents in a top division football game?" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5401" CreationDate="2014-07-24T12:34:18.737" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This scenario occurred in a 2014 match in the french Ligue 1. Paul-Georges Ntep&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2631953/Paul-Georges-Ntep-stoops-new-lows-outrageous-goal-against-Reims-disrespectful-entertaining.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; scored a goal&lt;/a&gt;  for Rennes against Reims with a header after dribbling up to the empty goal. On this occasion at least, the referee let the goal stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Herman Koré &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.metronews.fr/sport/video-herman-kore-marque-un-but-a-la-ntep-et-s-attire-les-foudres-de-ses-adversaires/molf!Qh4jeo6mrgbE/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;repeated the feat in the French cup&lt;/a&gt; , according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;js=y&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metronews.fr%2Fsport%2Fvideo-herman-kore-marque-un-but-a-la-ntep-et-s-attire-les-foudres-de-ses-adversaires%2Fmolf%21Qh4jeo6mrgbE%2F&amp;amp;edit-text=&amp;amp;act=url&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google translate&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During the 8th round of the Coupe de France between Chateaubriant and&#xA;  US Concarneau Saturday Herman Kore had fun pushing the ball head on&#xA;  the opponents goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and again the goal stood, even though the opposition were upset. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in practice it seems likely that the goal will stand, but the referee could &lt;em&gt;possibly&lt;/em&gt; decide that the act of heading the ball in from the ground was &quot;unsporting behaviour&quot;. This is indeed recommended in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?p=3453&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, which claims to have been &quot;approved by the U.S. Soccer Federation’s National Referee Program&quot;. In this case the referee would stop the game, issue a yellow card to the attacker, and restart with an indirect free kick to the defending team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T09:56:22.473" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T09:56:22.473" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5404" CreationDate="2014-07-24T12:37:08.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIADEHPhLqI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; where a stupid unsporting behaviour happens.&#xA;It is a football game in France between Rennes and Reims.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only punishment obtained by the player (Ntep) is the withdrawal made by the coach a few seconds latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the punishment that the official can give to the player depends on the unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1276" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T12:37:08.387" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-24T14:12:54.523" Score="1" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Unlike some of my other recent questions, this one is primarily about baseball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most minor leaguers are players just drafted out of high school or college, and working their way up (hopefully) to the majors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are some instances, where injured or otherwise &quot;recycled&quot; major league players spend some time in the minors. Just ask Dan Uggla, who recently signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do such minor league deals work? Specifically is this a strategy that a cash rich, prospect poor team such as the Giants (and even more so, the LA Angels, who traded their few good prospects for closer Huston Street) can use to re-build their depth chart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:24:04.070" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:24:04.070" Title="How do minor league deals work?" Tags="|baseball|transaction|milb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5407" CreationDate="2014-07-24T19:17:50.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Minor league deals are something of a last resort for players an a low risk move for teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going to talk about 2 players here who were signed for two very different reasons. The first is Dan Uggla who you mention in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Uggla was cut recently by the Braves, and went unclaimed on waivers, that made him a free agent. Since he is already getting paid for the rest of this season by the Braves, any team that wanted to sign him only has to pay him the major league minimum salary (regardless of whether they sign him to a major or minor league deal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Giants, who need a second baseman, signed Uggla to a minor league deal (so they don't have to put him on their 40 man roster), with an opt out that he can take on August 1st if he feels like he will not make the big league club. Uggla can now go play for the Giants' AAA afiliate for a week or two and try to find his swing again. If the Giants want to keep him, they can bring him up before 8/1 and his opt out will be voided, they have a cheap 2B option who is better than the ones on their current roster. If they don't want to call him up, he can maybe do the same thing somewhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something of a win-win for both parties, since Uggla is already getting paid this year by the Braves, he only has to worry about finding a team to play with (and possibly salvage some value to resign elsewhere next year), and since the Braves are paying the bills, this is a very low monetary risk for the Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other contract I want to look at is that of Tsuyoshi Wada. Wada was signed from Japan by the Orioles, but never played for them, he had Tommy John surgery. This past off season he was signed to a minor league deal with the Cubs, who released him and resigned him again (in what is believed to be a contract restructuring deal, I don't think all the details were made public). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rather than his contract being covered by another team, the Cubs are paying his full minor and then major league salary. He was signed because he was a guy who could rehab and possibly be something special and at the very best be a tradeworthy asset come July or a potential full time rotation candidate next year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consistent with that approach, he was called up this week to make his second big league start (it wasn't anything special). However, it's believe that the Cubs will trade him if they get an offer or try to keep him for next year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kind of rehab deal appeals to teams like the Cubs who are not likely to contend for the year and need assets that can fill roster spots or bring back even marginal prospects in trade, and it appeals to players because it can keep them in US professional baseball rather than them having to go somewhere else to finish their rehab and get back onto the diamond (Wada likely would have had to return to Japan if he had not been signed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Uggla strategy is alright for a team that sees itself in contention and has a hole to fill as long as they can find out if their hole is filled prior to the trade deadline. The Wada strategy is that of rebuilding clubs. This isn't a way to restock your farm system as the kinds of players who sign minor league deals are not usually the kinds of prospects you reload with (though they can occasionally break out and be included in trades for them. See what the Cubs did with Jason Hamel this year). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:23:58.627" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:23:58.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5455" CreationDate="2014-07-24T19:26:27.173" Score="3" ViewCount="1990" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &quot;snake&quot; draft is a draft in which the team with the first overall pick gets the &lt;em&gt;last&lt;/em&gt; pick of the second round, then goes first in the third round and last in the fourth, etc. It narrows the advantage of going first since you get that advantage in only half of rounds and receiving a partially-offsetting disadvantage in the even numbered-rounds. It is common in fantasy sports and seems to work well there, although most fantasy leagues start the season with everyone on equal footing in personnel terms (everyone has zero players) unlike in real professional sports where teams that did well in the previous season will likely have stronger rosters than those that did poorly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-14T09:08:55.640" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T22:49:21.157" Title="Do any professional sports leagues which have drafts use a snake draft format?" Tags="|rules|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5404" CreationDate="2014-07-25T00:00:10.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5401/are-you-allowed-to-score-a-goal-off-the-ground-with-your-head-to-showboat&quot;&gt;the original question&lt;/a&gt; as I wanted to see what answers the community would come up with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are potentially hundreds of ways that you can humiliate your opponents in association football. Some other examples I can think of are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBXv5FISzjg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seal dribbling&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PfOMf2wQO8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rainbow flicking over an opponent&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-djDGqsOpR0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoring from kick-off&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5JQMEZnSFU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hiding behind the goalkeeper, on the field and poaching it when they release possession to the ground&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the key difference here is that all of these serve a purpose other than humiliating your opponents, ie. to maintain possession in a tactically superior position, or to score an otherwise uncertain goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is on the goal line, between the posts and all opponents are a number of metres away, the goal is practically certain. There is no other purpose in doing some otherwise difficult stunt than to humiliate and/or taunt your opponents, in order to &quot;rub in&quot; the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 123 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts in a manner which shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the following is in relation to the celebration of a goal, I believe that this point on page 124 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt; constitutes unsporting behaviour at any point in the match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must be cautioned if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in the opinion of the referee, he makes gestures which are provocative,&#xA;  derisory or inflammatory.&#xA;  ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find it hard to believe that any refereee would not find this to be &quot;provocative, derisory or inflammatory&quot; and acting &quot;in a manner which shows a lack of respect for the game&quot;. It is mandatory for all football referees in the US to consider it to be unsporting behaviour, and generally considered by IFAB to be unsporting behaviour (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?p=3453&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). On &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;asktheref.com&lt;/a&gt;, which consists of a highly experienced panel of referees from around the globe, they almost all agree that is is unsporting behaviour (&lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/19067/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/22687/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct action to take when such a stunt is performed is to disallow the goal, caution the player concerned for unsporting behaviour for acting in a manner which shows a lack of respect for the game, and award an indirect free kick to the opponents to be taken from any point within their goal area. Since the unsporting behaviour occurred before the goal was scored, cautioning the player and allowing the goal is not an option here, as on page 34 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt; it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between&#xA;  the goalposts and under the crossbar, &lt;strong&gt;provided that no infringement of the&#xA;  Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the&#xA;  goal.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To focus on this question generally, rather than the specific example given, yes, unsporting behaviour is in itself an offence. However, it is a cautionable offence, but not a free kick offence. Normally, a direct free kick offence is committed (such as a reckless tackle, or careless tackle for tactical purposes), and the match is stopped for that, and then the caution is given in the stoppage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a cautionable (or sending-off offence) is committed on its own and play needs to be stopped, the restart is an indirect free kick to the opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of&#xA;  the referee, a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which&#xA;  play is stopped to caution or send off a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a match in 2005 between the Netherlands and Andorra, Ruud van Nistelrooy taunted an opponent after scoring a goal. He was promptly cautioned for unsporting behaviour. The goal was allowed however, because the taunt happened after the goal had already been scored, not before. Arguably, the Andorran defender should have been cautioned for unsporting behaviour earlier, as he initially taunted van Nistelrooy after he missed a penalty. There is a video of the incident &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeTrQavpbUw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, in your question, you mentioned offences that are &quot;physical&quot; or &quot;verbal&quot; in nature. While you are correct in that most physical offences are offences in themselves (usually resulting in a direct free kick), &quot;verbal&quot; offences are only offences if they are considered to be unsporting behaviour. There is no way in the Laws of The Game for a referee to punish any player for a verbal offences without cautioning the player for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T00:10:09.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5415" CreationDate="2014-07-25T11:51:55.860" Score="6" ViewCount="48493" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8-Ball Pool, when you are on the black ball, if you foul (eg. don't hit the black ball), the other player &lt;em&gt;doesn't&lt;/em&gt; get 2 shots because they are on the black ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What stops both the players from just tapping the ball every time? They are not at a loss if they do, because the other player only gets 1 shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6158" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-07-27T03:38:31.750" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T18:50:31.200" Title="What happens when both players are on the black ball?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2809" CreationDate="2014-07-25T12:13:05.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first reference I can find for the separate sprint classification is from the year 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Wikipedia's article (in Italian) on this subject: &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_Suisse_2000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tour de Suisse 2000&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were 2 different sprint classifications, but I can't tell which was the purpose of that. In 2001 there were even 3 different sprint classifications. My bet is that it also has to do with sponsorships, like the colours of the jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6157" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2022-11-16T09:59:22.217" LastActivityDate="2022-11-16T09:59:22.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4804" CreationDate="2014-07-25T12:20:32.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules of the fairplay prize are here on pages 19-20:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazzetta.it/Giroditalia/2014/download/Regolamento_Ing.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gazzetta.it/Giroditalia/2014/download/Regolamento_Ing.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the standings reflect how unfair your team was during the race. The lesser points, the better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6157" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-05-31T17:04:02.527" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T17:04:02.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5366" CreationDate="2014-07-25T12:38:15.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that it has to do with a historic reasons. Spanish riders were always trying to be the most complete rider. Hense their disire to win stage races and excel in those. They were lousy one-day riders. (e.g. The first Spanish World Champion was Olano in 1995). So I think that the persuit of being the most complete rider back in the days is the reason why there is still such a jersey. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6157" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T12:38:15.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5411" CreationDate="2014-07-25T14:05:43.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;By Pool, I take you are referring to a game of 8-ball (there are many variations of billiards games). As for your question, there are a few different ways that a player can foul on the eight ball. When fouling, the advantage is that the next player has ball in hand, allowing them to place the cue ball into a favorable position. So I would gladly have the player just tap the eight ball, as it increases the likelihood of leaving the cue ball in a favorable position for me to win the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at the rules for 8-ball to get some of the other specifics regarding fouls, etc. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6159" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T14:05:43.577" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5116" CreationDate="2014-07-25T15:04:33.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Overtime&quot; is played after the 90 minute regulation time and this is 30 minutes long, split into 2 15 minute halves, if both teams are still drawing when this time is over, teams will then go to a penalty shoot out. the penalty shoot out works like this; both team take it in turns to take 5 penalties alternately each, and whoever has scored the most penalties wins, if both teams are still equal then sudden death penalties are taken. This is when both teams take it in turns to take a penalty, if the first team scores then the other team must score or they lose the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6160" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T15:04:33.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4822" CreationDate="2014-07-25T15:14:40.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goals in the world cup were made out of Steel that was powder coated to protect from weather. They would still make the same noise if you were to bang a boot on them today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6160" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T15:14:40.630" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4804" CreationDate="2014-07-26T07:16:17.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will copy the relevant part from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazzetta.it/Giroditalia/2014/download/Regolamento_Ing.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.gazzetta.it/Giroditalia/2014/download/Regolamento_Ing.pdf&lt;/a&gt; (link given in Piet_Agoras' answer), so that the information here is not dependent on an outside source:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«MULTIPOWER» FAIR PLAY PRIZE&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;The Giro Direction, deriving inspiration from the principle of reciprocal fair play in sporting events, fostered and promoted by Panathlon International, intends to emphasize the riders’ behavior thus awarding a prize to the team that have proven to have better complied with the applicable regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the violations set forth in the disciplinary rules have been grouped in seven categories and penalties have been ascribed thereof. The violations – along with their relative points given to the team on a daily basis – have been identified as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;---------------------------------------------------&#xA;| Violations                 | points             |&#xA;--------------------------------------------------- &#xA;| Warning                    | 0.5                |&#xA;| Fines                      | 1 per CHF 10       |&#xA;| Time penalty               | 2 per each second  |&#xA;| Downgrading (rider)        | 100                |&#xA;| Downgrading (team car)     | 100                |&#xA;| Disqualification           | 1000               |&#xA;| Positive doping test       | 2000               |&#xA;--------------------------------------------------- &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such penalties, imposed to riders, Sports Directors or other members of that same Team officially accredited, as well as fines directly imposed to the Team shall be summed and will represent the score which will determine the general classification. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team which will have totalized the lower score will be the winner of the &quot; FAIR PLAY PRIZE”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event of a tie, the separation for the placing is the ranking in the general classification of the team’s best rider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following prizes will be awarded at the end of the Giro:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1st team: 5000 EUR&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2nd team: 3000 EUR&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3rd team: 2000 EUR&lt;br&gt;&#xA;total:   10000 EUR &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T18:11:21.633" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T18:11:21.633" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-07-26T07:16:17.817" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-26T22:16:44.370" Score="4" ViewCount="1316" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an answer to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4912/what-are-the-guidelines-for-declaring-for-the-mlb-draft?rq=1&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt;, a pro coach &quot;justified&quot; his publicity stunt of picking Johnny Manziel (a football player) with the 837th overall pick by saying, &quot;No 837th pick has ever played in a major league game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are thirty major league teams, and I've heard of 20th round (and higher) picks making it to the majors (although this is rare). That might be somewhere in the 600's for overall picks, 750th, if someone actually made it from the 30th round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the lowest overall draft pick that actually made it to the majors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T20:30:36.987" Title="What is the lowest overall baseball draft pick that has played in a major league game?" Tags="|baseball|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5422" CreationDate="2014-07-26T23:35:10.303" Score="6" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;p&gt;A football field has exactly 100 yards between to &quot;end zones&quot; of a specified size, and a specific width. Likewise, the dimensions of a soccer field, hockey rink, tennis or basketball courts are highly specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are baseball fields different to the point where there are &quot;pitchers'&quot; parks, and &quot;hitters' parks&quot; because of the home run distance and other factors? And, in fact, the &quot;infields&quot; of baseball are basically the same size and shape. So what caused outfields, and hence the parks overall, to be so different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-07-27T18:17:56.177" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T18:17:56.177" Title="Why are baseball parks allowed to be be so different?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-27T01:30:04.810" Score="2" ViewCount="1045" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a professional tennis match where one player lost the first 2 sets, lost the first 5 games of the third set, and was trailing 0-40 in the 6th game of the third set before rallying to win the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-07-27T07:58:41.617" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T07:58:41.617" Title="Has a player ever rallied from 2 sets down, 0-5 in 3rd set, 0-40 in 6th game?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5420" CreationDate="2014-07-27T08:19:32.710" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of articles on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2011/09/13/q-why-are-major-league-baseball-fields-not-standard-in-size/&quot;&gt;Forbes&lt;/a&gt; (actually a Quora answer) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4675798&quot;&gt;NPR&lt;/a&gt; provide the answer to this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, baseball started out as a game without any outfield fences (and no such thing as an &quot;out of the park&quot; home run).  Then as the game became more popular and professional leagues formed, team owners realized that having a fence to contain the crowd would be better for business.  As more ballparks were built, their dimensions were sometimes limited by the surrounding streets.  For example, the close proximity of Lansdowne Street to the left field area of Fenway Park in Boston is why Fenway has such a short left field.  Physical limitations such as this prevented the ballparks from being able to exactly match the dimensions and shapes of other ballparks.  MLB realized they wouldn't be able to standardize on any one set of dimensions, so they allowed the differences in the ballparks to remain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T08:19:32.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5423" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-27T15:00:38.963" Score="4" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the past (up until the new 2014 season), a Red Bull Air Race track consisted of 3 different kinds of gates, requiring different fly through procedures:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pylon pairs to be flown through horizontally.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pylon pairs to be flown through vertically.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single chicane pylons to be crossed on alternating sides (with irrelevant roll angle).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the new season in 2014 there don't seem to be any gates of the 2nd kind anymore.  All gates apart from the single chicane ones are to be passed in horizontal position. But while there seem to have been quite a few rule changes after the 4 year break, in order to equalize some technical aspects of the planes and to generally increase the safety, I couldn't find any information about the removal of the vertical gates in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;why were the vertically passed pylon pairs abolished?&lt;/strong&gt; Is this also connected to increasing safety? If yes, then in which way were those gates less safe than the horizontal ones? If not, then what else is the reasoning for their removal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4842" LastEditorUserId="4842" LastEditDate="2019-08-29T16:11:41.657" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T16:11:41.657" Title="Why have the vertically passed air gates been abolished?" Tags="|rules|air-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5424" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5509" CreationDate="2014-07-27T17:39:46.657" Score="2" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that Brazil invested 11 billion dollars to prepare for the world cup and have made less than 1 billion. Is it true? If so, does it mean that they lost 10 billion dollars? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if that's true, didn't they make the calculations to predict the income of their investments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-07-27T18:39:21.097" LastActivityDate="2014-08-09T17:29:04.710" Title="Is it true that Brazil made 1 billion dollars from the world cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|finances|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5419" CreationDate="2014-07-27T19:47:56.650" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.perfectgame.org/Articles/View.aspx?article=74&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this perfectgame.org article&lt;/a&gt;, the answer is either Clay Condrey (94th round in 1996) or Travis Phelps (89th round in 1996), depending on whether the player was signed when he was drafted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Piazza has nothing on Philadelphia Phillies reliever Clay Condrey. Condrey was signed in 1998 as a non-drafted free agent by the San Diego Padres (by current Boston Red Sox GM Theo Epstein, no less), but he had previously been drafted in the 94th round in 1996 out of Angelina (Texas) Junior College, though went unsigned at the time. It gives the journeyman reliever the distinction of being the lowest-round draft selection ever to reach the big leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Travis Phelps, an 89th round pick in 1996, and Scott Seabol, an 88th-rounder that year, are the lowest-round selections in draft history to play in the big leagues among players who signed when they were drafted. But Condrey has the record for being the lowest-round pick to reach the big leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T19:56:47.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-28T04:38:05.303" Score="6" ViewCount="11933" Body="&lt;p&gt;My body doesn't seem to float in pool water. I think that's making it so that I have to work hard just to even stay up. That makes my swimming endurance kind of poor. Is this a known issue for some people or am I just making excuses? Anything I can do to get around this issue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-28T04:45:46.360" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T00:22:46.673" Title="Can't float; swimming is hard" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2014-07-28T07:01:05.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I prefer screw ins myself, have tried blades, but to be honest, felt more like I was &quot;sliding&quot; or &quot;skating&quot; forwards, whereas I feel more sure footed with screw ins. The main problem with screw ins for me, is stud pressure pain though, when going from changing room to pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user6165" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T07:01:05.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5429" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-28T10:06:44.930" Score="1" ViewCount="3208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a bowler bowls a shoulder height ball at the batsman and the batsman hits a four or gets out. Can the ball be called as a bouncer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6166" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-07-29T04:24:17.353" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T18:46:01.100" Title="Is considered a bouncer if a batsman hits it?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5430" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15030" CreationDate="2014-07-28T12:04:14.560" Score="11" ViewCount="6018" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got my referee license recently, and am wondering where the restart should be for an offside offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One instructor told me the second to last defender, while another told me where the attacker was offside. Where should the restart actually be taken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6167" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:06:27.780" LastActivityDate="2023-03-30T22:52:48.767" Title="Where should the play restart from an offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5430" CreationDate="2014-07-28T13:57:00.093" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The restart should be from where the offside player is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The restart for an offside sanction is an indirect free kick for the opponent at the place where the off-sided player was at the time the teammate passed or touched the ball. This is defined as where the infringement took place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(association_football)#Offside_sanction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3719" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-01T17:12:12.980" LastActivityDate="2017-11-01T17:12:12.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5433" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5479" CreationDate="2014-07-28T13:57:12.410" Score="4" ViewCount="2236" Body="&lt;p&gt;At his MLB Hall of Fame induction, Tom Glavine noted that he was also drafted to play hockey by the NHL's Los Angeles Kings (1984 draft, 4th round), ahead of Hockey Hall of Famers Brett Hull (6th Round, Calgary Flames) and Luc Robataille (9th Round, Kings).  Two other hall of famers also came from that class, Mario Lemieux and Patrick Roy, making that draft class a great trick hockey-trivia question (&quot;how many hall of famers were drafted in the 1984 NHL Draft?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other NHL draftees who went on to play another professional sport, or were drafted in another sport and gave that up to play in the NHL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T20:22:10.533" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T02:33:12.067" Title="Is Tom Glavine the only hockey player who was drafted by the NHL, but went on to play another professional sport?" Tags="|trivia|mlb|nhl|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5435" CreationDate="2014-07-28T13:58:29.210" Score="6" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frisbees which were used on the beach or pavement have torn up rims.  Frisbees which were used to play fetch have teeth marks and little dents in them.  Frisbees which were stepped on get bent, and if they were stepped on with metal cleats they can get punctured.  Frisbees used for free-styling can get worn out centers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard of how pristine a disc has to be to be used as a game disc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6169" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-13T18:05:33.117" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T07:17:13.850" Title="Are there standards for the quality of an Ultimate Frisbee game disc?" Tags="|equipment|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5434" CreationDate="2014-07-28T15:31:53.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;h3&gt;USA Ultimate&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're playing by USA Ultimate 11th Edition rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the thrower may call a technical time-out during play to replace a cracked, torn, deeply gouged, creased, or punctured disc; a warped, wet or dirty disc does not qualify&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding what disc you can start the game with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any disc acceptable to both team captains may be used. If they cannot agree, the current Official Disc of the Ultimate Players Association is used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Official competition discs are listed here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usaultimate.org/resources/disc_standards.aspx&quot;&gt;http://www.usaultimate.org/resources/disc_standards.aspx&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;WFDF rules&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If playing by WFDF rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The thrower may call a technical stoppage during play to replace a severely damaged disc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;severely damaged&quot; is not defined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams may choose to start the game with any disc acceptable to both captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In WFDF competition, discs must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A. Have a saucer-like configuration with a non-perforated flight plate and an inner rim depth (that portion of the rim that is generally vertical to the flight plate), which is at least 5 percent of the outside diameter measurement;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B. be made of solid plastic material, without any inflatable components;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C. have an outside diameter measurement of not less than 21 cm nor greater than 40 cm;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;D. achieve a rim configuration rating of 26 or greater (see section 108[D]) ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;E. have a leading edge radius that is greater than 1/16 in (1.6 mm) (see section 108[E]) ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;F. not exceed 120.7 N (12.3 kg /27 lbs.) of pressing force as measured by the flexibility testing procedure (see section 108[F]) ;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;G. weigh no more than 8.3 gm per cm of outside diameter and shall weigh no more than 200 gm regardless of size;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;H. be essentially as produced, without any post-production modifications which affect weight or flight characteristics;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I. present no unreasonable danger to players or spectators;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;J. be a production-type disc available commercially to the public in numbers of at least 1,500 and,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;K. be specifically approved by the event director if questioned by any player in the contest, but in no case will the disc be approved if it is in violation of any of the above specifications.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user647" LastEditorDisplayName="user647" LastEditDate="2014-07-28T15:48:59.953" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T15:48:59.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5427" CreationDate="2014-07-28T15:32:53.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kinda need more information to adequately answer but I'll give it a shot. People don't normally just float unless they maximize their surface area in contact with the water to distribute the weight across the water most efficiently. This is usually achieved by laying flat on your stomach or back. Other issues might cause this to still fail. For example, it is easier to float on ocean water because it is more dense than freshwater. Also if you are overweight you will have more weight per unit of area to distribute and make floating on your back harder or even impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People who aren't strong swimmers are advised to wear a life jacket for a reason. We don't just float in the water without using our limbs to provide upward force. If you are talking about treading water when you say &quot;stay up&quot; then endurance is probably your best bet here, which is only made by practicing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start by treading water for 5 min before each swim session. Then try to see if you can do 15 min before resting. Eventually you'll be able to tread for longer periods and should feel safer in the water. Treading water for an hour without resting after 3 months of practice is an attainable goal as long as you are not morbidly out of shape. And if you can tread water for an hour you'll never fear not being able to &quot;stay up&quot; in the water ever again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6117" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T15:32:53.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5439" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5442" CreationDate="2014-07-29T03:26:50.917" Score="-5" ViewCount="304" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thanks to an answer to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4257/when-does-a-barclays-premier-league-season-start-and-end&quot;&gt;previous question&lt;/a&gt;, I now have a better understanding of the BPL. But now I am trying to figure out the Champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the criteria for getting into it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the season scheduled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What takes priority (a domestic league fixture, or a Champions League match)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And while this may warrant a whole different question later, how do player contracts/salaries change when a their club is in the Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3413" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T04:07:36.387" Title="How does Champions League work?" Tags="|football|tournaments|international-sports|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-07-30T23:24:49.977" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5440" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5449" CreationDate="2014-07-29T03:49:12.397" Score="2" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;I referred &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_shots&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tennis shots&lt;/a&gt; but didn’t see about &lt;code&gt;looper&lt;/code&gt;  and &lt;code&gt;short angles&lt;/code&gt;. These two shots are helping a beginner like me to win some games. So, what are such gems like shots that are not documented in the above mentioned article?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;REFERENCES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short Angles:- &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xb_Rch1MOUQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xb_Rch1MOUQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Looper:-       &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH5BskSIK3Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH5BskSIK3Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reply Looper:- &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRaH7lJtBSU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRaH7lJtBSU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moon Ball on the Rise - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tilMGez0xos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tilMGez0xos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit on the Rise - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5RzALUWp88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5RzALUWp88&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Buggy Whip - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk3iuGZtwm8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk3iuGZtwm8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xNOtBplusU&amp;amp;index=1&amp;amp;list=PL5Hnmol1rQ44W6wYnZx6ZZawMSjhEArcd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Two Handed Forehand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wicWX3dH0cU&amp;amp;index=9&amp;amp;list=PL5Hnmol1rQ44W6wYnZx6ZZawMSjhEArcd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Forehand Lag&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forehand Topspin &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4suR2knOitY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4suR2knOitY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reverse Dropshot - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTnlgp55VkI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTnlgp55VkI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6168" LastEditorUserId="6168" LastEditDate="2014-08-29T02:14:11.563" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T02:14:11.563" Title="Undocumented Tennis Shots" Tags="|technique|tennis|training|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5429" CreationDate="2014-07-29T04:22:18.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The law/meaning of the bouncer &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;the ball bounces above shoulder height&lt;/em&gt; irrespective of a batsman hits it or not. So it is considered a bouncer even if a batsman hits it and gets runs or out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T04:22:18.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5439" CreationDate="2014-07-29T04:37:27.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the criteria for getting into it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Champions league is a football tournament organised by Union of European Football Associations(UEFA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League#Format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article for learning about the format and criteria for playing in the UEFA champions league.&#xA;The criteria is a detailed one, which is best explained by reading the wiki link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How is the season scheduled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The season starts around July with the qualifying matches being played. Once the qualifying rounds are over, we have 8 groups having 4 teams each giving a total of 32 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the group stages begin, followed by round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals and then finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dates for this year's champions league are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 July – 27 August 2014 (qualifying).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 September 2014 – 6 June 2015 (competition proper).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What takes priority (a domestic league fixture, or a Champions League&#xA;  match)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Champions league matches are generally played on Tuesdays/Wednesdays and the league matches are played over the weekend. So mostly they don't clash. But there have been instances of the league's governing body(FA, LFP), rescheduling their league matches if their league's team has an important champions league match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the player's salaries and contracts: It's better if there is a separate question regarding this. But i do believe the salaries and contracts would change when champions league is involved with respect to their salaries and bonuses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T04:07:36.387" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T04:07:36.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5427" CreationDate="2014-07-30T05:25:06.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are floating by Back... then ensure 2 things while floating&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your head must be drowned enough in water so that your ears can be underwater and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally free your lower part of body. Make it loose as much as you can.Don't make it stiff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This trick will make your head and body stretched enough on water and lower part of body will eventually come up. In couple of days you'll found your body floating.&#xA;Worked for me in swimming pool. Hope will be helpful to you too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are floating by Belly... then ensure that your chin is closer to upper chest. Best will be if both are in contact and yes free your lower part of body. It will work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T09:10:27.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5458" CreationDate="2014-07-30T13:14:17.080" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend and me have started to play padel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that we have different level and physical condition (without being any of us an expert), and due this the games can be quite boring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I give some advantage and make these matches more interesting for both? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously I'm not talking about playing bad on purpose. For example, when this happens in racing videogames, we have the rule that the more expert player have to use a slower car, but still drive as fast as he can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6176" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T14:45:52.613" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T14:45:52.613" Title="How can I give advantage playing padel and have a fair game?" Tags="|etiquette|padel|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4479" CreationDate="2014-07-30T16:06:27.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a self-taught snowboarder (16+ years and counting) my short response is practice, practice, practice. I realize that is difficult as you do not have access to the slopes on a regular basis. So with that said, here are some opinions on your concerns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Qvist said, and you confirmed, going fast is not the goal. The feeling you get when you point straight downhill that causes you to get nervous is natural and a good thing. This will go away as you become more proficient and you may find that you end up enjoying turning downhill and charging (assuming you end up enjoying speed, as there is no need to focus on that aspect). So how to become more proficient?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do not need to focus so much on pointing downhill as you do on transitioning from edge to edge (which will happen to traverse a point where you point downhill). It is that familiarity which will help you get more comfortable with speed. It is fairly rare to not be on one edge or the other when snowboarding, so edge control is what you need to progress in your skills. As you develop that natural feel for quick transition to the other edge you will be more comfortable riding any terrain as edge control lets you understand how much to dig in to stop quickly, or if you desire to carve to carve. Additionally as you get more comfortable on your edges you will be able to do your transitions in that spot where you are still pointing downhill, which is where your comfort for speed and carving comes in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personal opinion for other sports helping to snowboard (skateboarding, wakeboarding, surfing) is that they can only help up to a point. You use many of the same balance techniques, but the interaction is completely different. I would say wakeboarding as your feet are strapped in is likely the closest in feel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last but not least, if you are truly hooked on snowboarding (as I was right after I went for the first time) do not pressure yourself into thinking you need to be a 'great' snowboarder after so many visits to the slopes. Work on your turns, on your stopping, and whatever other aspect (carving, jumps, etc.) that is fun as you work up your skills. As long as you are having fun, then it is a worthwhile trip. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And BTW, I do not care what anyone else tells you, EVERYBODY falls :)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6159" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T16:06:27.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5440" CreationDate="2014-07-31T02:24:43.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the article you referenced was merely trying to explain all the different shot types that can be hit without getting into specifics or variations on each shot. In the list of shots you mentioned, they can all fall under the shots mentioned in that article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Short Angles: any kind of shot really can have a &quot;short angle&quot; to it, depending on how you hit it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Looper: this is really just a variation on a lob&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reply Looper: this is just a certain type of &quot;on the rise&quot; timing of a ground stroke (forehand or backhand)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moon Ball on the Rise: Again, just a certain type of ground stroke with specific take-back preparation and specific timing (forehand or backhand)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hit on the Rise: This is just a backhand or forehand being hit sooner and more up in the court (usually) than a normal ground stroke that you let start falling first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of what you might call &quot;ad-hoc&quot; or &quot;improvisational&quot; type shots in the game of tennis and you might hit them without even knowing what they're called, but in the end, it all boils down to the main types of shots you can hit - forehand, backhand, serve, volley, overhead smash and lob. For example - a drop volley and a half volley are both volley type shots, even though they have a little bit more specific names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-07-31T02:30:04.530" LastActivityDate="2014-07-31T02:30:04.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5454" CreationDate="2014-07-31T20:04:06.443" Score="1" ViewCount="1863" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any pitcher in a competitive Major League Baseball game ever struck out nine consecutive batters (in other words, the whole side)? Has anyone ever done this from first pitch, striking out the whole side in three innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6138" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T19:50:35.897" Title="Has a pitcher ever struck out nine consecutive batters in MLB?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5453" CreationDate="2014-07-31T20:45:34.523" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Five pitchers have done it.  This &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?id=7812306&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; from April 14, 2012 lists the following three occurrences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 -- Tom Seaver, N.Y. Mets vs. San Diego, April 22, 1970&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9 -- Ricky Nolasco, Florida at Atlanta, Sept. 30, 2009&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9 -- Aaron Harang, L.A. Dodgers vs. San Diego, April 13, 2012&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then on September 27, 2012, Doug Fister of the Detroit Tigers struck out 9 straight Kansas City Royals batters. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.examiner.com/article/100-greatest-tigers-93-doug-fister&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then on October 3, 2015, Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals struck out 9 straight New York Mets while throwing a no-hitter. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://scores.espn.go.com/mlb/recap?gameId=351003321&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aaron Harang's nine straight strikeouts on April 13, 2012 came in the first 3 innings, after he gave up a single to the leadoff batter in the first inning. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/2012/4/13/2947549/aaron-harang-consecutive-strikeouts-padres-vs-dodgers&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T06:04:28.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5409" CreationDate="2014-08-01T00:26:32.557" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The purpose of the snake draft is to try and &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; give an advantage to any team drafting, under the assumption that having the 1 and 16 picks in an 8 team league is about the same value as 8 and 9.  This might not be so, but it is probably as close to favoring nobody as you can get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usual purpose of a league draft is the opposite - to give an &lt;strong&gt;advantage&lt;/strong&gt; to poor teams to provide better competitive balance for the league going forward.  The NBA mitigates the advantage a little with the lottery, so that there isn't as large an advantage in tanking the season to have the worst record to get the #1 pick overall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So leagues don't use snake drafts because the goals are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T00:26:32.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-01T08:47:42.933" Score="11" ViewCount="2782" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100032230&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this tournament&lt;/a&gt; (it is ITF Futures level) that the player, who is No. 1 seed in the main draw, also played qualification. (It shows that he was given wild card for qualifying.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this possible? I would expect that if his ranking is sufficient to be seeded player in the main draw, it should also be sufficient to avoid qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify: I am referring to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=10021517&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivo Klec&lt;/a&gt;, who is listed as No. 1 seed both in qualifying draw and main draw when I look at the tournament &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100032230&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. See also the following screenshots:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VJSB4.png&quot; alt=&quot;Qualifying Draw&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TheYp.png&quot; alt=&quot;Main Draw&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect it might have something with him entering the tournament late? (See acceptance list on the same link. He list listed there among withdrawals.) But I do not know that much about the system how the players enter the tournaments; so I have decided to ask here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T08:17:16.183" LastActivityDate="2023-06-18T00:54:49.303" Title="How can a top seed in a tennis tournament be a qualifier?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|ranking|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5456" CreationDate="2014-08-01T13:51:40.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it is Karol Beck from Slovakia that you are refering to I am unable to see that he Played in the qualifying rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to his playing stats on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?PlayerID=30017696&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?PlayerID=30017696&lt;/a&gt; it shows that he has played in the last 32, 16 and is now facing Marek Semjan in the Quarter Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please correct me if I am wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6183" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T13:51:40.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5447" CreationDate="2014-08-02T12:13:36.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few options that can be used in lawn tennis, which may also work in padel:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;only allow one serve for the stronger player, rather than two&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the weaker player can play to the doubles' lines, but the stronger must play to the singles'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the weaker player can start each game with a point advantage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2014-08-02T12:13:36.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5462" CreationDate="2014-08-02T14:41:44.240" Score="3" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football (and I'm sure many other sports) if you're a goal down, you can push up with more attackers, and put more pressure on the opponent to try and get a goal back. If you're leading by a goal or two, you can keep more men behind the ball and make it more difficult for the other team to score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if you go a few runs down, can you change the way you play and become &lt;em&gt;more offensive&lt;/em&gt; than you were before? Do the fielders change position? Does the batter swing at more pitches than he would have done before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T00:58:23.210" Title="Can you play baseball more or less defensively?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5460" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5461" CreationDate="2014-08-02T16:50:34.807" Score="0" ViewCount="5285" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a website, like an archive where one can watch past f1 races? for instance monaco grand prix 2004?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T17:40:47.703" Title="Is there a website where one can watch past f1 races?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5460" CreationDate="2014-08-02T17:33:51.503" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://f1tv.formula1.com/en/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;F1TV&lt;/a&gt; is now available and is run by Formula One.  It offers annual or monthly subscriptions with access to &quot;650+ races from our archives&quot;, clarified elsewhere as &quot;...1981 to the 2018 season&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Older information for historical reference]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not legally, no. Rights to Formula One coverage are controlled by the commercial rights owner (Formula One Administration - see here &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1-dictionary.net/admin_force.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.formula1-dictionary.net/admin_force.html&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is highly unlikely that any broadcaster with the rights to broadcast F1 races would be permitted to provide open access to internet at large in any case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the UK, Sky F1 trend to run repeats of archive races way back to the early races in the fifties. Alternatively, the FOA have historically released season reviews on video and DVD, including the 2004 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-09-15T17:40:18.093" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T17:40:18.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5459" CreationDate="2014-08-02T19:23:20.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if you are trailing late in the game, you can employ various strategies to try to increase your chances of scoring a run.  Some of these include the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a weak hitter or the pitcher is due up to bat, you can substitute a better hitter (a pinch hitter) for him to increase the chances of getting on base or hitting a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a hitter gets on base but is a slow runner, you can substitute a faster runner (a pinch runner) for him to decrease the chances of the runner being thrown out at another base and to increase the chances of him scoring from second base on a single.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a runner is at first base, you can have the runner try to steal second base to get into scoring position.  A runner at second base has the potential to score on a single.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are leading late in the game, you can employ various strategies to try to decrease the chances of the other team scoring a run.  Some of these include the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Move your first and third basemen closer to the foul lines.  This decreases the chances of a ground ball down the line for a double and a runner in scoring position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a runner is on third base and there's less than 2 outs, move your infielders in so that they have a chance to throw out the runner at home on a ground ball.  (But if a runner is also on first base and there's one out, you would probably want to keep your infielders at double play depth so they can try to turn a double play on a ground ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a runner is on first base, keep your first baseman on the bag to allow for pickoff attempts.  This will prevent the runner from having a huge lead making it easier to steal second base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-08-02T20:22:28.023" LastActivityDate="2014-08-02T20:22:28.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5459" CreationDate="2014-08-03T00:58:23.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can play baseball &quot;defensively&quot; by the construction of your team. That is draft and trade for good pitchers and defenders, even if their hitting leaves something to be desired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the Los Angeles Dodgers won &quot;pennants&quot; and World Series in the 1960s, they had three of the best starting pitchers, Don Drysdale, Sandy Koufax, and Claude Osteen. And most of their players (Maury Wills, Ron Fairly, Wes Parker, etc.) were noted for their defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, their (low) team batting average was something like .245, meaning that they won their games by giving up even fewer runs than they scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within a single game, if you're ahead two or more runs in the seventh inning or later, you put your best defenders on the field, even if they are not as good hitters as your starters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T00:58:23.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5543" CreationDate="2014-08-03T01:09:01.460" Score="3" ViewCount="2357" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, my understanding is that they use professional labor arbitrators, not people with a strong specific knowledge of baseball. So &quot;old&quot; metrics, hits, runs, RBIs and ERAs count for more than on base percentages (OBPs) or FIPs (field independent pitching statistics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, my further understanding is that first, second and third year &quot;arb&quot; players tend to get about 40, 60 and 80 percent of what a free agent would get &quot;on average,&quot; although their is a wide variation in individual cases. That is, in some cases, the arbitrators would value players rather differently than the managers who sign free agents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, my last understanding is that the arbitrator has to choose either the player's or team's salary proposal. He cannot &quot;split the difference&quot; or go outside the ranges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does baseball use a system like this? Is three (limited discretion) a factor of one (limited baseball experience)? And why has it worked as well as it has for a long time, despite obvious flaws?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-08-16T00:04:48.550" LastActivityDate="2014-08-16T11:20:15.590" Title="How does arbitration work in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|finances|transaction|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5466" CreationDate="2014-08-03T03:40:48.750" Score="10" ViewCount="23479" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIFA World Cup 2014, if the United States and Germany had both advanced to the final, then they would have played each other twice. This didn't happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But has it ever happened, that in the same World Cup, two teams have played each other both in the group stage and again in the knockout rounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T10:34:29.483" LastActivityDate="2022-12-15T09:01:02.050" Title="Have two teams ever played each other twice in the same world cup?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5465" CreationDate="2014-08-03T04:31:13.070" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/a&gt; - Hungary vs West Germany (group 2, final)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/a&gt; - Brazil vs Czechoslovakia (group 3, final)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt; - Poland vs Italy (group 1, semi-final)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt; - Brazil vs Sweden (group B, semi-final)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; - Brazil vs Turkey (group C, semi-final)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt; - Belgium vs England (group G, third place playoff)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022&lt;/a&gt; - Morocco vs Croatia (group F, third-place playoff)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="463" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-15T09:01:02.050" LastActivityDate="2022-12-15T09:01:02.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5467" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-03T10:58:05.687" Score="1" ViewCount="4309" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wishing to understand the formula to use to calculate the Batting Index and Bowling Index in Cricket.&#xA;This is for limited overs cricket (50 overs) for my club players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6188" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-07T15:54:13.597" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T15:54:13.597" Title="How to Calculate Batting Index and Bowling Index?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5531" CreationDate="2014-08-03T17:12:33.923" Score="3" ViewCount="920" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're in the top of the seventh inning with a 1-1 tied score. Your starter has thrown about 80 pitches, meaning that he's good for at least one, maybe two, more innings. Your bullpen is tired, but is still rated better than the other team's bullpen. Your seventh, eighth and ninth players are up. For now, we'll assume that whether or not we &quot;pinch hit&quot; for our starter depends on what the seventh and eighth players do. Here are my preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the seventh and eight batters both get on base, and one or both of them score (e.g. the second batter gets an extra base hit that scores the first batter, and possibly himself if it's a home run), I'll keep the pitcher in to protect my new (2-1 or 3-1) lead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the seventh and eighth batters both make an out, I'll let my pitcher close the top of the inning, so he can pitch at least the bottom of the seventh, on the theory that he'll &quot;save&quot; more runs than we'll score by having a pinch hitter bat for him. I might even tell him to strike out intentionally so he won't run the risk of getting injured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the seventh and eighth batters both get on base, say first and second, I'll &quot;pinch hit&quot; for my pitcher to try to score a go-ahead run.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the seventh and eighth batters make one single (or walk) and one out, that's a close one, because I'm undecided between trying to score, or save, an extra run.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two more considerations. 1) There's only one bench player left, meaning that if you use him now, all remaining pitchers will have bat for themselves. 2) Your starter bats only .053, but all your relievers bat .000. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual (Pirates') manager decided to pinch hit for the pitcher in scenario 2, after two outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would cause him to do this? Put another way, what considerations would govern his choice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T17:24:42.703" LastActivityDate="2014-09-13T21:26:40.260" Title="How do (National League) managers decide when to &quot;pinch hit&quot; for their pitchers?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-03T17:27:23.403" Score="14" ViewCount="62161" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is &quot;strong side&quot; vs. &quot;weak side&quot; on defense in American football?  I'm trying to get a basic understanding of this terminology but am getting tripped up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6190" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T13:21:56.130" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T18:14:39.830" Title="What is &quot;strong side&quot; vs. &quot;weak side&quot; on defense in American football?" Tags="|american-football|formations|defense|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5470" CreationDate="2014-08-04T00:00:30.090" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &quot;old days (up to about 50 years ago), teams had two &quot;ends&quot; at either end of the line (i.e., 'tight' to the line and therefore 'tight end(s)') to receive passes. Other pass receivers included two &quot;halfbacks&quot; and one &quot;fullback&quot; situated behind the quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then teams decided that they only needed one halfback behind the quarterback, and moved the other halfback onto the line of scrimmage as a second, &quot;wide&quot; receiver, who was &quot;split&quot; several yards away from the end. This way, there would be &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; receivers running from the line of scrimmage instead of two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The side with the third receiver was called the strong side, and the other side was the weak side. Defenses would compensate by moving an extra defender to the &quot;strong&quot; side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a related question about defensive &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1942/what-is-the-difference-between-a-strong-safety-and-a-free-safety&quot;&gt;measures.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T13:24:45.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1929" CreationDate="2014-08-04T00:10:55.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the offensive side, the seven &quot;linemen&quot; are the ends, tackles, guards, and center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defensive line typically consists of two &quot;ends&quot; (who face the offensive tackles), and two &quot;tackles&quot; (who face the offensive guards). The reason this arrangement works is because the defense has three &quot;linebackers&quot; behind them, who can help stop either the run or the pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams that are primarily worried about the passing game may elect to create a fourth linebacker--by using a three man line. The men at the end are still called ends. The man in the middle is usually called a nose &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3089/4-3-defensive-end-vs-a-3-4-defensive-end/3242#3242&quot;&gt;guard&lt;/a&gt;. He is typically a very big man who has to do almost the job of two tackles in containing the run, so that others can concentrate on an anti-pass defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T00:10:55.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2014-08-04T00:43:47.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps a better way of putting this question would be, &quot;Why did football teams put the fullback in the middle of the (relatively new) I formation in contrast to his traditional role?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three types of &quot;backs&quot; (the offensive players behind the line of scrimmage) are the quarterback, half back, and fullback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides their &quot;traditional&quot; positioning, one quarter, one half, and one full yard behind the line, the quarterback is the most versatile, insofar as he can either pass or run with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The job of the two &quot;halfbacks&quot; is to use speed to run to either side of the line, sometimes past the end (end run), sometimes behind the tackle (off tackle).The job of a fullback is to run through the center of the opposing line (if the quarterback determines that his threatened pass maneuvers have caused the opponents to weaken their defense). But he was held back in &quot;reserve&quot; because this was typically the least favored offensive option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting about 50 years ago, one of the halfbacks would become a &quot;flanker&quot; who would outflank one of his ends on the line of scrimmage to become a &quot;wide receiver&quot; This created a so-called &quot;strong&quot; side, with the extra pass receiver. Defenses adapted to this change by &quot;shifting&quot; an extra man on the strong side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The I formation was the standard counter to this new defense. The idea was to use the non-flanking halfback to run to the weak side (the opposite side to the wide receiver). To create a further numerical imbalance, the fullback would be used as a blocker for the halfback, instead of as a runner up the middle. That's why the fullback was inserted between the quarterback and the halfback in the I-formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there were variations of this, if the defense &quot;compensated&quot; by moving a man back to the &quot;weak&quot; side. The fullback could be deployed to the strong side as a blocker for a &quot;pitchout&quot; to the halfback, or given the ball to run through the center, depending on how the quarterback &quot;sized up&quot; the defense. The i-formation was adopted because it gave the most flexibility to the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T14:08:29.200" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T14:08:29.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1912" CreationDate="2014-08-04T00:55:42.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Initally, the quarter, half, and fullbacks were deployed a quarter, half, and full yard behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quarterback has the most versatile role of the three &quot;back&quot; types, because he can either  pass the ball, or run, if the defense has kept its men back to cover his &quot;receivers.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The halfbacks were supposed to use speed to run to either end of the line, either past the end (end run) or behind the tackle (off tackle).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fullback was supposed to charge through the middle of the opposing line by using power. This could be done successfully only if previous passing or end-running plays caused the defense to weaken the center of the line to reinforce their flanks. Alternatively, an unsuccessful &quot;draw play&quot; by a fullback might &quot;set up&quot; a flanking running or passing play. Otherwise, a fullback may be a blocker for a quarterback who wants to pass, or a halfback who wants to run to the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T00:55:42.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5478" CreationDate="2014-08-04T01:58:45.240" Score="5" ViewCount="14223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I notice golf players often miss a long putt by a small amount so that there's only a few inches remaining.  In this situation they perform what I believe is called a &quot;tap-in&quot; and are allowed to take that shot immediately, rather than waiting for their opponent to putt.  Typically when a golfer does this, they put their left foot forward (for right-handers) somewhat awkwardly. The stance is clearly unusual. Are there any rules that dictate how a &quot;tap-in&quot; must be performed?  Or is the unusual stance a tradition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="475" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T03:50:06.360" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T19:18:29.863" Title="What are the rules around a tap-in in golf?" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5470" CreationDate="2014-08-04T07:49:32.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;strong&gt;Tom Au&lt;/strong&gt; stated, from a backer's perspective, the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;”strong side”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; can simply be considered the side with the most receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in even more overly simplified rule-of-thumb terms, the &lt;em&gt;“strong side”&lt;/em&gt; is often the side of the ball with the most distance to the sideline – space – the most open-field to cover ... where you generally want your “strongest” [most athletic] players (and generally the most receivers, per above.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in most high school and some college football, a defense may lineup &lt;em&gt;strong&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;weak&lt;/em&gt; keyed on only that; regardless to how the offense is aligned – indeed before they even break the huddle.  If the ball is dead center a linebacker or “captain” will make the decision and call it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: the term &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;”weak-side”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (the oposite of whatever was determined to be the &lt;em&gt;strong-side&lt;/em&gt;) can easily be confused with a quarterback's &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“blind-side”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.  A &lt;strong&gt;right-hand&lt;/strong&gt; QB will drop back and plant off his right foot – thus the &lt;strong&gt;left&lt;/strong&gt; side of the offensive scrimmage line will be the &lt;em&gt;blind-side&lt;/em&gt; – regardless of where the ball is on the field.  A pro defense will generally have their best pass rusher(s) attacking from the &lt;em&gt;blind-side&lt;/em&gt; so the QB won't see them coming and more damage can be had (turnovers).  But that may or may not equate with the &lt;em&gt;“strong”&lt;/em&gt; end or &lt;em&gt;“strong”&lt;/em&gt; formation, or ball location, in terms of the linemen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An offense will purposefully confuse and pick apart a defense by overloading, and vise versa.  Announcers will occasionally flip-flop these terms too, so it can get complex and thus confusing from a defensive perspective, as these things can change around just before the play starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T08:02:25.023" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T08:02:25.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3755" CreationDate="2014-08-04T12:59:43.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starter equipment is very individual and depends on the locations and conditions you are going to be riding in. From your height, weight and age perspective there are no limitations that would be limiting the selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, it is a good practice to have lessons with certified (IKO as one of many possibilities or something else) school or instructor, who can also advise on the types of kites and boards that would be suitable for you in the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also they will have the right equipment for carrying out the initial lessons and actually allows you to experience different gear and find the ones that are best for you. Considering that there is possibility for physical harm, I wouldn't recommend going out and experimenting with high power traction kites without decent supervision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1903" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T12:59:43.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5475" CreationDate="2014-08-04T17:18:38.177" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This usually happens when the ball is very close (just a few inches) and the player is almost guaranteed (99+%) to make it. In non-professional play, players will sometimes just pick up the ball without tapping it in, but in professional play the ball must go into the cup, no matter how close it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As gbianchi says in the comments, the player who is farthest away is usually the next to go (Rule 10-1b), but he's not entirely correct in that someone closer is not allowed to go first. The relevant rules are 22-1 and 22-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 22-1 and 22-2 allow for any player lifting any ball (lifting means you remove it but replace it in exactly the same spot after the other player shoots) if the ball may assist another player (Rule 22-1) or the shooting player having another ball lifted if it will interfere with his/her own shot (Rule 22-2). They both have the same clause in them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In stroke play, a player required to lift his ball may play first rather than lift the ball.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for a &quot;tap in&quot; situation, usually the ball is so close to the hole that it may interfere with another player's putt, so the player who has the &quot;tap in&quot; can choose to putt it instead of lifting it. Note that this does not require the permission of the other player - on the putting green a person may lift their ball without someone else asking (this is not true off the green - see Note 1 to Rule 22-2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as to the stance, the relevant rule is Rule 16-1e. It says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;e. Standing Astride or on Line of Putt&#xA;The player must not make a stroke on the putting green from a stance astride, or with either foot touching, the line of putt or an extension of that line behind the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exception: There is no penalty if the stance is inadvertently taken on or astride the line of putt (or an extension of that line behind the ball) or is taken to avoid standing on another player’s line of putt or prospective line of putt.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So because a player cannot stand on another player's putting line, they usually have to stand farther away from a &quot;tap in&quot; than they normally would and lean over to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: USGA Rules - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Rules-of-Golf/Rule-01/&quot;&gt;http://www.usga.org/Rule-Books/Rules-of-Golf/Rule-01/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T17:18:38.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5433" CreationDate="2014-08-04T18:45:00.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are answers to this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lindros&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Eric Lindros&lt;/a&gt; was a Toronto Blue Jays prospect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarome_Iginla&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jarome Iginla&lt;/a&gt; - Played baseball for the Canadian national junior team.  Not sure if he was ever drafted by MLB, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Voss&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Carl Voss&lt;/a&gt; - Hockey Hall of Fame inductee won Calder Memorial Trophy and Stanley Cup while in the NHL, also played football for the Queen's Golden Gaels, winning the Grey Cup. He, along with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Conacher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lionel Conacher&lt;/a&gt; is one of only two people to have their names on both the Stanley Cup and Grey Cup.  Connacher also played professional lacrosse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Yablonski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jeremy Yablonski&lt;/a&gt; - Professional hockey player in Europe and North America, who played one NHL game for the St. Louis Blues, fought professionally in MMA XFS (Extreme Fight Series). He was also a one time, novice Golden Gloves boxing champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T18:45:00.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5480" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-04T20:14:29.137" Score="5" ViewCount="1526" Body="&lt;p&gt;I race mountain bikes and I have had a number of races where I have been completely out of breath and unable to go faster because I feel like I am at my limit. I am experienced and I am a good bike handler with a very high level of fitness in both running and cycling. I have been training all winter, but this weekend I did a race and I came 38th out of 50. At the same race last year I came 6th and ahead of the guy who won it this year. I know my ability level and I can ride very fast at times. But this was staggeringly bad. I felt like I was going as hard as i could, even though I must have been going very slow looking at the times. It has happened in other races too but this weekend was by far the worst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always get nervous when I ride with other people too. Sometimes it feels like its not even me on the bike and I am a passenger to this feeling of not being able to keep up. I know its not a fitness thing as I am a fast runner and a strong road cyclist and I know I have very good bike handling skills. But sometimes it just doesn't feel like me when I try to go fast under pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't swim and I get a similar feeling of being out of breath, despite having done little to no physical exertion, when I try. With all the work I have put in, this complete and seemingly inexplicable capitulation was pretty heartbreaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6193" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T20:21:10.797" LastActivityDate="2020-02-11T13:21:11.977" Title="Am I hyperventilating during racing? Extreme feeling of being tired/out of breath during mountain bike races" Tags="|cycling|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5481" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-04T21:27:24.123" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine met him in LA, saw the Superbowl ring, and got a photo with him. She didn't get his name, though, but during their conversation she learned he played with the Patriots in the 2004 Superbowl (i.e. 2003 season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OLuvu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6194" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T21:27:24.123" Title="Can you identify this New England Patriots player from the 2004 superbowl?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-08-13T15:16:47.743" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5480" CreationDate="2014-08-04T21:28:15.813" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Hitting the wall”, or &quot;pinging&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is colloquial for having your heart rate bouncing off your Max Heart Rate (MHR).  Being overly out of breath and head-dizzy are symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Bonking”&lt;/em&gt; is colloquial for when your muscles run out of glucose-etc.  Your entire body aching – especially your shoulders – is a symptom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are two very distinct feelings; but are somewhat interrelated.  Sounds like you're suffering from the first.  In my experience the first can start to happen more dramatically (noticeably) as you get older – “older” as in 36yo mind you : /&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had the &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt; example above happen so bad one time in Santa Cruz that I had to get off my bike and walk.  I had had plenty of food, and absolutely knew myself – I knew I wasn't bonking and couldn't understand what was happening to me – but I pushed too hard for too long to try and keep up with an amazing athlete on a hill climb.  This is colloquially  called &lt;strong&gt;“exploding”&lt;/strong&gt;.  You see it all the time in professional bike races during hard climbing events.  Once you “explode” you can't recover while still providing output to the bike.  This happens easier as you get older – even though you think you are at exactly the same (or better) physical condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A third thing is &lt;em&gt;”heat exhaustion”&lt;/em&gt;.  This is a whole 'nother animal, and the most dangerous of the lot.  I've explored the depths of these three failure points quite a few times.  It's good to know where they are, but to be sure, one day you may “take it to the next level” and be completely shocked by what your body is doing,even though you think you understand what these things are... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You need a heart rate monitor&lt;/strong&gt;, and to review the breadcrumb heart rate data for a race on your computer and see exactly what your heat is doing when you feel that way.  The numbers will be clear as day.  Or you can just look at your wrist/stem when riding and SEE you're “pinging” off your MHR – and if you stay there for long, you'll feel that “explosion” coming - irretrievably out of breath and often dizziness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“That's rodeo”&lt;/em&gt; as far as bicycle racing (sans downhill, in most cases) – scrunching up against a predetermined heart/work rate and staying there.  The way this feels, as far as work output, can vary widely – hugely in fact – depending on altitude, food, sickness and countless other things – and especially nerves – but the numbers don't lie as far as optimizing your output.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be careful.  Genetic predisposition for heart problems may onset.  A full checkup may be required – even if you're only 40-some years old.  People die from heat attacks in their 40s – even athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;One final thought&lt;/em&gt; – as a runner you probably understand clearly the notion of stride length.  How extending your stride just slightly can drastically increase your speed for basically the same amount of work.  And like rowing, or swimming, where getting that extra “reach” - even an inch – can really make all the difference in the world for max top-speed.  I see breathing as exactly the same – especially road racing.  Take a big breath right now.  Then take another breath and exaggerate the total input – EXPAND the lungs.  &lt;em&gt;THAT&lt;/em&gt; right there – training yourself to do that all the time when riding at your predetermined heart rate, will effectively be like having the extra few inches of “reach”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ride hard enough long enough – training – you just naturally acquire it.  But understanding what the desired end-state condition “looks like”, can really help you get there ..faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you “explode”, as I've call it, that whole process of breathing is out of sync with your body.  To try best to work through an explosion in a race is exactly – precisely – directly – the art of breathing big and consistent, even though your body is saying you really don't need to – because it's overloaded and wants to make you slow the F' down.... it's making you hyperventilate with shorter 25% quick breaths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T19:25:10.357" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T19:25:10.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5483" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5484" CreationDate="2014-08-05T09:47:20.823" Score="4" ViewCount="1247" Body="&lt;p&gt;During preseason, the NFL are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000343912/article/nfl-will-test-pats-from-the-15yard-line-not-the-20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;trialling&lt;/a&gt; having extra points snapped from the 15 yard line. During the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000373754/article/six-things-you-need-to-know-from-giantsbills-opener&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Giants-Bills&lt;/a&gt; preseason opener, all three extra points were successfully kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what would happen if a team tried to go for two points. Can they call a fake, and try to score from 15 yards out? If they reach the endzone, it still worth 2 points? Or can they declare their intentions, and go for the endzone from the 2 yard line? Or if they are desperate (last seconds of match, two points down), would they have to call a regular play from 15 yards out to score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2014-08-05T13:44:07.487" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T18:40:14.640" Title="Two point conversion from 15 yard line?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5483" CreationDate="2014-08-05T13:29:21.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoted from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2014/08/03/nfls-preseason-experiment-with-longer-extra-point-begins-sunday-night/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Washington Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the NFL’s preseason experiment, the ball will be placed at the &lt;strong&gt;15&lt;/strong&gt;-yard line, making for a 33-yard extra point. &lt;strong&gt;Two-point conversion attempts will continue to come from the 2-yard line&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other articles referencing 15 yards: &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/baltimore-ravens/post/_/id/11752/justin-tucker-opposes-longer-extra-points&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://nesn.com/2014/08/tablets-longer-extra-points-highlight-new-changes-in-hall-of-fame-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newsday.com/sports/football/giants/extra-points-get-extra-long-for-giants-bills-game-1.8951005&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the main point: &lt;strong&gt;Yes, if this were to actually be implemented, 2 point conversions would remain the same&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as faking from the extra point spot, as @Duncan says, as far as the rule states at the moment, nothing else changes really besides the yard you hike the ball from for an extra point. So of course, if you were going to go for 2, you'd make it clear and hike from the 2 rather than trying to trick them and starting 13 yards further back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;I do see 20 yard extra point hikes referenced in a few articles, but generally it's 15 yards. Since this is just an experiment, I'm sure the NFL was rumoring several different distances they might consider.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-08-05T18:40:14.640" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T18:40:14.640" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5485" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-08-05T17:22:57.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padel_%28sport%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Padel&lt;/a&gt; is a racquet sport, somewhat similar to lawn tennis, that is popular in several Spanish-speaking countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T15:31:39.220" LastActivityDate="2014-08-28T15:31:39.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5486" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-08-05T17:22:57.160" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of padel." OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-13T18:04:53.247" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T18:04:53.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5487" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-06T05:47:33.923" Score="-8" ViewCount="1412" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why there is a match to decide third place between the losing semi-finalists in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Third_place_play-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt;, but not in cricket? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3449" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T09:31:07.917" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T09:31:07.917" Title="Why there is a match for third place in football but not in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|football|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-08-08T13:27:21.430" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5487" CreationDate="2014-08-06T06:07:48.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not in every competition in football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's only in World Cup and European Cup ...it might be in other continental turnaments too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in not in competitions linke UEFA Champions League or European League.&#xA;Nor in the cup competitions in England, Germany, Italay ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this game is because FIFA/UEFA can earn some money with it. There is a discussion about the sense of such a game. And I think most players/coaches would prefere NOT playing this game. There is often no motivation and so it'll be a horrible match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T06:07:48.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5487" CreationDate="2014-08-06T07:26:59.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket and football are totally different sports. There is no similarity between both sports. Every aspects of both sports are different (with some exceptions). So same apply to their major tournaments like world cups as well. We can't really compare tournament's rules of different sports. This is totally up to the tournament organizer like FIFA for football and ICC for cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T07:26:59.243" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3529" CreationDate="2014-08-06T13:22:39.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best sign of overtraining is my pulse. I check it before getting out of bed in the morning. And if the puls difference between my usual morning pulse and overtrained one more than 10-15 along for 3-4 days, I will take an extra recover day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After LSD runs you may parctise 30 min recovery run (60% MaxHR) on next day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6199" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T13:22:39.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5492" CreationDate="2014-08-06T15:38:14.883" Score="6" ViewCount="9650" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a situation that came up during a back lot league softball game a few weeks ago.&#xA;(Note: While our league has some of its own rules we try to defer to MLB rules in all causes that aren't specifically addressed.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on second (R2) and a runner on first, with no outs. A ground ball is hit to the third baseman (3B) who cleanly fields the ball away from third base. Seeing that R2 is running toward him, 3B does not go to third and instead waits to tag the incoming R2. R2, in an attempt to buy some time for the other runners, stops advancing to third base. As soon as R2 stops, 3B declares R2 is out (without making a tag) and throws the ball to first to make a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the discussion after the play, the 3B claimed that any player advancing on a force cannot stop moving toward their next bag or they are automatically out (the same way a runner leaving the baseline to avoid a tag is considered out). Our rules don't have a specific clause that addresses this situation and I couldn't find anything in official MLB rules (though it's possible I missed something, as 3B claims it is an MLB rule).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is 3B’s claim correct? That if a runner who is forced to advance to their next base stops (in particular to avoid/delay a tag) they are automatically out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6200" LastEditorUserId="6200" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T17:21:44.923" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T22:08:49.410" Title="Is a base runner automatically out if they stop advancing when forced to their next base?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5491" CreationDate="2014-08-06T15:55:48.877" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The man on 2nd is only out if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 3rd baseman tags third, which would make him out by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_play&quot;&gt;force-out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 3rd baseman tags the player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the man on 2nd decides to not run to third, then he would only be out by one of those two options. It's only a force if you tag the base the runner is &lt;em&gt;required&lt;/em&gt; to go to by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3B's claim is incorrect; the runner on 2nd made the correct decision -- he &quot;made the best of the situation&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T18:06:39.130" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T18:06:39.130" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4772" CreationDate="2014-08-06T20:33:08.293" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A rushing yard is a &quot;running yard&quot; gained on an official &quot;rushing&quot; play. This occurs when the quarterback either runs the ball himself (without passing), or hands the ball to a halfback or fullback for &quot;rushing.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are running yards that are NOT counted as rushing yards on other, non rushing plays. For instance, suppose a quarterback completes a pass for 20 yards, and the receiver runs another 15 yards. Those are 15 &quot;running yards&quot; that are not rushing yards; it counts as a 35-yard pass. Suppose a defender intercepts a pass and runs it back 10 yards. Those are 10 running yards that are not rushing yards. And a 25 yard kickoff or punt return are running yards but not rushing yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-08-07T13:53:54.313" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T13:53:54.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3061" CreationDate="2014-08-06T20:56:36.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A center needs to have the firmest hands because he is the one &quot;hiking&quot; the ball to the quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Together with a center, the guards are the ones protecting the quarterback at the beginning of the play, so they tend to be bigger and slower, than say, the tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tackles typically &quot;do their thing&quot; AFTER the play gets under way, so they need to be quicker and more versatile than the centers. If for instance, a halfback wants to go to the &quot;outside,&quot; the tackles need to block defenders &quot;inside.&quot; If a fullback wants to run a &quot;draw play&quot; (inside), the tackles need to push defenders outside. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T20:56:36.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5495" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-07T00:14:36.790" Score="2" ViewCount="1160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do the companies provide parts for free (or with heavy discounts) in exchange for having their logo on the car?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or do they pay to have their logo on the car, and if so, can a car use &lt;em&gt;Pirelli&lt;/em&gt; tyres but have a &lt;em&gt;Bridgestone&lt;/em&gt; logo on the car, because they paid more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, do the teams approach the companies (by going after who they think makes the best parts for their car), or vice-versa (the company going after the team/car they think will give them a better return on advertising)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T13:48:33.910" Title="How do companies get their logos on racing cars?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5495" CreationDate="2014-08-07T02:10:06.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It varies by the situation. Some teams send requests to companies to sponsor them, while other times companies ask teams to represent them. Usually it is the latter. In F-1 companies such as MacLaren, the company has ties with tire and parts companies and therefore is able to use those logos and get their products for a greatly reduced price. Some cigarette companies or condom companies would also put their logos on Formula 1 cars in the early years, but not anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T02:10:06.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3676" CreationDate="2014-08-07T06:13:17.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I dont't think the starting stance is essential for training acceleration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Martyn mentioned in his answer in soccer there're to many different situations to start a sprint from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we train acceleration/pace with different starting options:&#xA;1. lay on your stomach and push up from the ground (Martyn's answer)&#xA;2. lay on the back, turn around and push up&#xA;3. with your back in the direction of the run, so turn 180° and run&#xA;4. jump up with pulling your knees to your chest, then run&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the distance should be about 10m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Espacially for accenleration (and less for pace) set up tow markers at a distance of 10m. In between you're sprinting back and forth (3-6 times). So at each marker you have to slow down, turn around the marker, and start again with small fast steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This small fast steps after the markers are essential for acceleration in soccer. Not your starting position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T06:13:17.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5503" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-08T12:37:59.913" Score="2" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is well known that if a player turns 360 degrees to hit the ball at the back wall then they may call a let for safety reasons, or play on and risk a stroke against them if they hit the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they call a let and the opponent is directly between them and the front wall is a stroke awarded, or is it always only a let?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6208" LastEditorUserId="6208" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T15:21:25.877" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T15:21:25.877" Title="Can a let become a stroke after a 360° turn?" Tags="|rules|squash|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="546" CreationDate="2014-08-08T13:54:59.140" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing the ball further forward In your stance also helps ie instead of off the left heel - move it 3-4 inches further forward and then see what happens &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6209" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T13:54:59.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3089" CreationDate="2014-08-08T18:36:03.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of it this way: The sole reason to shift from a 40-front formation to a 30-front formation is to have a &quot;floating&quot; blitzer, instead of a &quot;predictable&quot; pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With only 3 defensive linemen, the Defensive Coordinator have a floating piece behind the line. He can send either outside linebacker in a blitz, or even one of the two inside ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He can do twists, making the inside LB exchange places with the outside LB just after the snap, to have a better run defense on the outside (with the ILB) and rush from inside. The whole concept of the Zone Blitz (today mainly run by Green Bay's Dom Capers and Pittsburg's Dick LeBeau) feed on the floating backer concept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, in order to do so, the 30-front line must be heavier and capable of attacking two gaps. The NT and the 30-front DE must be strong men able to contain the O-Line, instead of just shoot thru gaps. Guys like Dwight Freeney or Jared Allen are speed rushers that avoid the line completely, and not fit for a 30-front defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the best example of that is the mid-2000's Steelers line, with Aaron Smith, Casey Hampton and Brett Keisel. None of them have &quot;cool&quot; stats, like sacks or tackles for loss. But was a sure as hell great line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And when I say &quot;predictable&quot; because, conceptually, a 40-front line will attack the offensive line gaps and thus try to collapse the pocket. In a traditional 4-3 system, the LBs usually do exactly what their name says, the back-up the line for missing running assigments, screen plays, short routes. The job to get to the QB is solely up to the line (specially the ends) --- this is not absolutely truth, of course; a 40-front defense can send LBs to rush the passer in expense of cover ability. In 2013, was pretty common to see 4-2-5 Nickel defenses sending the nickel back (the third DB) on a blitz.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4990" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T18:36:03.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="546" CreationDate="2014-08-08T18:59:32.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is going to sound simpleton, but I too read all of the correct and exacting information – just like above – and even with pro lessons and the rest I could not get rid of my slice for many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I solved it though!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Learn how to &lt;strong&gt;hook&lt;/strong&gt; the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No kidding.  Learn how to snap your wrists over at impact such that with a bucket of balls you can purposefully hook a ball pretty consistently.  Do this with a 3 iron, but it will carry over to your drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like magic, my &lt;strong&gt;body&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;“got it”&lt;/em&gt;, (vs. trying to again-and-again &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; your way to solving it after the fact) - relative to what was making me slice, and I was much more naturally able to find a balanced-middle at impact that allowed for a calm, confident, and straight shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That will also provide a &lt;em&gt;huge&lt;/em&gt; step in ball control.  Within a few months you'll start to talk to friends and co-players about &lt;em&gt;“sculpting a shot”&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;“I'm working on my hard-fade”&lt;/em&gt; - etc.  It's hilarious!, how the simple things can take you to the next level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you have that kind of dynamic range at impact, you'll know when you slice it right away, before you even see the trajectory.  You will much more rarely have that surprised moment of &lt;em&gt;“how did that happen???”&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:46:08.460" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T12:46:08.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5491" CreationDate="2014-08-08T20:12:32.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is one more scenario which results in R2 being out. That is, if R2 left the baseline (by more than 10 feet or so) trying to avoid the tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;stopping&lt;/strong&gt; does not make the runner automatically out. He created what is called a &quot;fielders&quot; choice, to force the third baseman to choose between putting him out or the batter. The ploy worked, the baseman chose to put out the batter, and that's that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T20:12:32.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5522" CreationDate="2014-08-09T01:21:18.163" Score="9" ViewCount="8153" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player needs a triple to complete the cycle. In the ninth inning, the player hits a solo home run. Suppose that the game is a blowout, has no postseason implications, and so on such that the extra run is irrelevant. The player would rather achieve the statistical accolade of hitting for the cycle than another home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the player just stop running the bases at third and take a triple? If a player didn't run all the way home after a home run, what happens? Is he out? Would he statistically be credited with a triple or a home run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6211" LastEditorUserId="6211" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-08-01T23:17:07.360" LastActivityDate="2021-08-01T23:17:07.360" Title="Can a baseball player stop at a base after a home run?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5424" CreationDate="2014-08-09T17:23:27.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spent some time researching and this is as good as information I could find, though there seems like there is no released official earned revenue just yet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsmplug.com/football/world-cup-total-revenue-4-billion/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tsmplug.com/football/world-cup-total-revenue-4-billion/&lt;/a&gt; Brazil was projected to make $4 Billion through marketing and TV rights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And based on this document released by FIFA itself &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/32/63/faq_en_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/32/63/faq_en_neutral.pdf&lt;/a&gt;, it costed $15 Billion for Brazil to host the world cup ($2 Billion of that which was covered byFIFA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that means that Brazil ended up loosing $11 Billion!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-08-09T17:29:04.710" LastActivityDate="2014-08-09T17:29:04.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5510" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-09T20:00:29.997" Score="4" ViewCount="3835" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which pitcher is responsible for the players left on base when the original pitcher leaves the game? For example, Pitcher A, is pulled out of the game with 2 men left on base.  A reliever - Pitcher B - comes in and a run is scored.  Is Pitcher A responsible for the men on base or the reliever, or pitcher B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6213" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-08-10T04:37:08.267" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T18:46:26.290" Title="Pitcher responsible for scored runs" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5510" CreationDate="2014-08-10T08:45:24.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runners on base at the time of a pitching change are called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherited_runner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;inherited runners&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and if any of them score, the run(s) are considered given up by the pitcher who allowed them on base (in your example that is Pitcher A).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-08-11T15:07:10.267" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T15:07:10.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5510" CreationDate="2014-08-10T14:08:41.243" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitcher who is responsible for putting the men on base is the one that the runs are charged against. In this case, the two men on base at the time the reliever came on are charged to the original pitcher, A. Runs for men put on base by pitcher B are charged to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It pitcher B came in while his team is leading by say, one run, and the reliever gives up a hit that scores one or two runs, he is charged with a &lt;strong&gt;blown save.&lt;/strong&gt; If giving up the second run results in a loss (with no further runs scored in the game), the loss is charged to pitcher A,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T14:08:41.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-10T15:22:00.387" Score="1" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a professional sports franchise in the history of the world that has gone longer without a championship than the Chicago Cubs (105 years and counting)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6214" LastEditorUserId="16" LastEditDate="2014-08-11T03:52:30.803" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T09:19:50.063" Title="What is the longest professional championship drought ever?" Tags="|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-08-11T18:15:49.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5467" CreationDate="2014-08-10T21:18:30.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batting Index:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The batting index is the Strike Rate multiplied by the Average Runs then that is divided by 50&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BI = ((SR*AVG)/50)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.&#xA;The batting index of a player with SR of 123.4 and an average of 45.33 runs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(123.4*45.33)/50 = 112 (rounded)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Bowlers Index, I'm not sure that exists. Or at least I haven't seen it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T21:18:30.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5513" CreationDate="2014-08-11T09:34:46.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gloucestershire County Cricket Club&lt;/strong&gt;, one of the oldest first-class counties, have never won the &lt;strong&gt;County Championship&lt;/strong&gt; (arguably the foremost domestic cricket competition in England and Wales) since the competition started in 1890, meaning that as of 2014 they have gone &lt;strong&gt;124 years&lt;/strong&gt; without winning it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2014-08-12T09:19:50.063" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T09:19:50.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5518" CreationDate="2014-08-11T15:23:41.213" Score="-3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the maximum runs scored in an inning of 50 overs by 1 batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6219" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-08-11T16:49:26.080" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:35:31.777" Title="Maximum runs scored in an inning by a batsman" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5517" CreationDate="2014-08-11T16:06:27.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 27th November 2014, for &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;One-Day internationals&lt;/a&gt;, it's Rohit Sharma who scored 264 v Sri Lanka in Kolkata on the 13th November 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For other forms of 50-over cricket, you'd need to consult the national sites, available from that link also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T03:35:31.777" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:35:31.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5519" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-11T17:58:46.267" Score="4" ViewCount="2242" Body="&lt;p&gt;The archery range near my place has two areas. One for Compound/Traditional bows and one for compound bows. The crossbow range has a tower for practicing shooting from elevation. When it's empty and not occupied by crossbowers, I'd like to try shooting from that tower instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My only concern is respect for the equipment on the ranges. Are there any issues with shooting crossbow targets with a compound? e.g. am I going to damage the targets shooting my compound on crossbow targets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6220" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T01:08:17.990" Title="Shooting Compound bow on a Crossbow Range?" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5470" CreationDate="2014-08-12T01:04:53.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;strong side&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is the side where the &lt;em&gt;Tight End&lt;/em&gt; is lined up. Usually the right side, to help the Right Tackle block and provide a check-down option to the Quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the (a bit) more long explanation: The Football rules require the Offense to field &lt;em&gt;seven&lt;/em&gt; players at the line prior to the snap. The whole (modern) offensive line have 5 players: two Tackles, two Guards and a Center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, the last two players are the &lt;em&gt;Tight End&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;Split End&lt;/em&gt; receiver. The &lt;em&gt;Split End&lt;/em&gt; (sometimes called the &quot;X&quot; receiver) aligns on the line, &quot;covering&quot; one of the Tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Tight End does the same, but instead of lining far from the OL bunch, it lines directly besides one of the Tackles-- usually the Right Tackle. This gives the line an extra blocker, one that is also an eligible receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The need to support the run defense and cover the TE made, at some point, Defensive Coordinations, recruit almost linebacker-sized Safeties and moving them closer to the line. This, thus, became known as the &quot;Strong Side&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as you probably guessed by now, &quot;Strong Side&quot; makes no sense in no-Tight End formations (4WRs 1RB sets, 5WRs, 3WRs 2RBs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4990" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T01:04:53.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5508" CreationDate="2014-08-13T18:02:48.657" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there was a runner on, he could pass him and be declared out at the next base, only if the other team appealed it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if there is any rule of baseball to cover the situation of a player refusing to run out a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T18:02:48.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5508" CreationDate="2014-08-13T18:12:22.737" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the very least there is this comment on rule 3.01(e) of the official &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/game_preliminaries_3.jsp&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; that seems to indicate that the runner must cross home plate after hitting a home run, before play can resume.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 3.01(e) Comment: The umpire shall not give an alternate ball to the pitcher until play has ended and the previously used ball is dead. After a thrown or batted ball goes out of the playing field, play shall not be resumed with an alternate ball until the runners have reached the bases to which they are entitled. After a home run is hit out of the playing grounds, &lt;strong&gt;the umpire shall not deliver a new ball to the pitcher or the catcher until the batter hitting the home run has crossed the plate&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6200" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T18:12:22.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5519" CreationDate="2014-08-13T21:22:15.263" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, when in doubt ask an employee not a stranger on the internet. Second, I'd say without explicit permission you should never shoot a compound bow or crossbow at a traditional bow target, details below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compound bows and crossbows generally need their own special targets which are much more dense and heavy than a normal bow target would require. They can shoot clean through some types of traditional targets which can be dangerous depending on the range setup. (IE going straight through and ricocheting dangerously back towards people).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that they have a compound/traditional range implies they use targets where it wouldn't be an issue, however your question wording is confusing. You mention two areas, but three types of weapons, crossbow, compound bow, and traditional bow. If they had a range for traditional only I would definitely not use a compound bow or crossbow there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6117" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T21:22:15.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5527" CreationDate="2014-08-14T10:05:29.113" Score="1" ViewCount="526" Body="&lt;p&gt;In international cricket, the number of catches taken by a player is recorded, but not the number of runouts effected by a player, even though effecting a runout is as important as taking a catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a specific reason for leaving out runouts from the record book?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6203" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T23:18:47.297" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T10:01:30.700" Title="Why are runouts not recorded in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5464" CreationDate="2014-08-14T12:46:59.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It works very well for the players.  Not sure where you are getting your information from.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little history:  Owners put it in place, then they were quite surprised when Bruce Sutter was awarded 700,000 dollars.  They quickly traded him and promoted Lee Smith.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put 700,000 into perspective.  The Yankees sold for $10,000,000 only 7 years prior&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/all-about-arbitration/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;History of Arbitration and what it did for Team salaries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The arbiters use what ever stats are put forth by the two parties so only old metrics if that is what is presented. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arbitration players get their market value.  Greg Maddux got 14.75 million in 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole point of one dollar value or the other is so that the two parties work hard to get the deal done without arbitration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T12:46:59.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="731" CreationDate="2014-08-14T13:15:34.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason it exists is the third strike has to be caught when its a foul tip so it has to be caught when its not a foul tip too.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the Catcher gets the PO on a strikeout so he is duty bound to actually catch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T13:15:34.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5524" CreationDate="2014-08-14T13:35:54.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's tradition more than anything, combined with the fact there can be ambiguity over who actually effects the runout when more than one fielder is involved e.g. outfielder throws to wicketkeeper who takes the bails off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only online reference I can find is at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dangermouse.net/cricket/statistics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.dangermouse.net/cricket/statistics.html&lt;/a&gt; in the Fielding Statistics section, but even here all it says is that this a tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T13:35:54.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5469" CreationDate="2014-08-14T18:02:13.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are on the road if you get a player in scoring position its time to pinch hit.  If you are at home I would be comfortable with going into next inning with a tie.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a starter with good slugging percentage on the bench getting a rest that day and a fast runner at first I might pinch hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you in the race?  You might have to bring in tomorrow's starter? (a tie is possible no matter what happens)&#xA;Who is rested in AAA? &#xA;When can they get to the park?&#xA;(You might need a new pitcher tomorrow)&#xA;Do you have any options left on your bullpen pitchers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T18:02:13.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5535" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:04:07.403" Score="1" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the defense runs a hidden ball trick on a base runner and gets him out, how would it be officially scored?  How about a scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defense meets on the mound where the second baseman is given the ball by the pitcher.  A runner on second is tagged out while wondering off the base by the second baseman.  Is this scored 4U?  Is it a caught stealing, a pick off, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T20:27:26.403" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:42:34.193" Title="How would you score a hidden ball trick?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5000" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:17:12.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/inside-the-rules-the-balk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a good article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Wax Eagle has stated,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A balk has a different definition from a walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Walk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batter gets 4 balls they take first base, forced runners&#xA;  advance safely &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Balk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a pitcher balks, a ball is issued to the batter, all runners&#xA;  advance 1 base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to correct something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a balk there is no ball issued if there are runners on base and it is not a violation of doctoring the ball.  If it is a violation of doctoring the ball, Wax Eagle is correct.  Most of the time (not always) a balk has to do with the pitcher having trouble with the &quot;set position&quot; (ie not coming all the way set, coming set in an illegal way, etc.).  All runners advance one base.  There are a few things about a balk depending on the situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a pitcher balks and throws a pitch, the batter may swing and the play will be live.  The runners may advance without penalty one base forward.  However if the runner is tagged out after advancing safely one base, the balk is discarded and the live play is counted.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the runners advance safely throughout the completion of the play, or they are tagged out or forced out before they reach the next base, the offense may select the result of the play or the balk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The criteria for a balk with runners on and the bases empty are very different.  If you want more of an explanation on this let me know.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there are no runners on, a balk will be counted as a ball to the batter.  Balks without runners on are very rare.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation you describe, the batter would not walk if there is a balk unless he doctored the baseball, but both runners advance and the run scores.  On a walk, the man on first moves to second and the man on third may advance home at his own risk (may be tagged out by the defense for an out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/pitcher_8.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mlb Rule 8, Pitching&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T21:10:05.657" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:10:05.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5469" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:33:36.547" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 3 viable options. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Let the pitcher hit swinging away&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have the pitch bunt runners over&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pinch hit for the pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which of the three you choose largely depends on who you have available on the bench, how close the same is and who the pitcher is. If we assume it's late game, the score is tied, and the pitcher is &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; going to pitch one more inning (with a slightly better than average bullpen), then we can go from there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, with the pitcher up 3rd in the order, there are three possibile situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;None on, 2 out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One on 1 out (runner on 1/2/3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two on, 2 out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going to assume three things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pinch hitter has about a 50% chance of improving the run frequency of the inning (walk, hit, sac fly)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher will succeed on a sac bunt 90% of the time (it's not this high)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher swinging away will advance the run frequency of the inning about 20% of the time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's examine the possible &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tangotiger.net/RE9902score.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;run frequencies&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tangotiger.net/RE9902.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;run expectancies&lt;/a&gt; of our starting state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;none on 2 out: 0.117 (number of runs you're likely to score)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In this case it doesn't matter who hits. The pitcher should probably do so if he will be better than a reliever. The run expectancy is already so low, that the unlikely case of a homerun from either party is the only thing that will truly improve it (obviously that's an automatic run). The most likely outcome from a pinch hitter, a single or a walk, only really raises the run expectancy to .251 runs. Still quite unlikely&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1 on, 1 out: .573/.725/.983 (runs you're expected to score). Let's look at our three scenarios here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let the pitcher hit: pitchers generally get on base at less than .200, and their most likely result is a K, so let's look at where that leaves our run expectancies: .251/.344/.387. If the pitcher manages to advance the runner we have .344/.378/1.117(since a run scores). It the pitcher manages to get a single, that will provides us a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; more possibilities, more than I can list here (view the matrix to see for your self). However, for the sake of argument, let's assume that a pitcher getting a hit always leads to exactly 1 run. So let's see on average, the pitcher striking (or otherwise failing to advance the runner) out drops .4, advancing the runners drops .1 and getting a hit raises it by .3. If we assume that the pitcher has a 50% chance of not advancing the runner, a 20% chance of a hit, and a 30% chance of advancing the runner. Than the average change is .2 * .3 - .5 * .4 - .3 * .1 = -.17&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A sac bunt is a bit easier to figure. Going from 1 out to 2 is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; bad for run expectancy and should be avoided. Sac bunting is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; an option.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the pinch hitter, we can use the same formula we used for the pitcher, and tweak the odds. He is much more likely to get a hit or draw a walk, being that he's a bench player, we'll call it .35. Add in another 30% chance to advance the runner   .35 * .3 - .3 * .4 - .35 * .1 = -.05. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;two on, no out: 1.904/2.052/2.417. This is a huge situation, and an automatic out does not automatically kill your rally here. However, it &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; lessen the chance of scoring multiple runs pretty significantly. A sac bunt is still a terrible play (the only time it's even close to even is, with 0 outs, getting a runner from second to third). This is a definite spot for a pinch hitter, as the higher contact rate and much higher OBP will lead to better results. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So suffice to say, if there is a runner on, it's almost always better to pinch hit in this circumstance. No matter who pitches the 7/8/9 the odds are good you are going to need another run to keep pace and two to win. So it's a good idea to pinch hit for your pitcher if you even have a chance to score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T20:33:36.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4951" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:35:04.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to speak for a team, know what their strategy is going into a draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion the Pirates didn't like certain players in the spot they were picking as much as other teams/scouts may have projected there.  For one reason or another they decided that they could save money by drafting another player and paying him below his slotted value.  Saving this money may allow them to save money for later rounds, as well as sign undrafted free agents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/twins-sign-undrafted-free-agent-flamethrower-poulson-073014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a story about the Minnesota Twins landing a undrafted player with a lot of potential.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No matter where you are picked in the draft, it is tough to make it to the MLB club. &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1219356-examining-the-percentage-of-mlb-draft-picks-that-reach-the-major-leagues/page/7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Story&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T21:33:17.027" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:33:17.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:38:30.763" Score="7" ViewCount="832" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just bought a new table tennis paddle and I've bought a new cleaner, but I forgot to purchase one of those sponges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any problem with using a plain microfiber cloth to clean my table tennis paddle to remove dust?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some acceptable clothes or sponges I could use to clean a table tennis paddle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-12-10T01:56:52.203" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T01:56:52.203" Title="Cleaning table tennis rubbers" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5357" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:42:44.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A catcher definitely &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; have an advantage in this situation.  A catcher will know what arm slots and pitches that a pitcher will throw.  He will know what a pitcher is comfortable throwing in certain counts and to certain players.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason I say &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; is because with the amount of video that is out there these days, players have access to as much as they want to learn about a pitcher.  They can look at past at bats of their matchup, matchups against similar type hitters, etc.  Players are known to spend hours watching video on pitchers, especially ones that they are not familiar with.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many broadcasters and players will say that the difference between AAA and the MLB level is being able to study other players and make adjustments.  Many young players will have success and then slump or struggle on the mound because the other teams start getting a pool of video and find the weaknesses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T20:42:44.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5529" CreationDate="2014-08-14T21:42:34.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The putout would be an unassisted putout by the player who tagged the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that someone handed it to him earlier makes no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:42:34.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4951" CreationDate="2014-08-15T01:44:03.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Drafting has changed dramatically with the new collective bargaining agreement. There are &lt;em&gt;really great&lt;/em&gt; reasons to pick under slot players early in the draft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, a bit on how the draft slotting system works. Each draft position in the first ten rounds has a dollar value assigned. The first pick in the draft is worth a certain dollar amount, the last pick in the tenth round is worth significantly less money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dollar values for the picks a team controls are summed together to form a teams &quot;bonus pool&quot;. They can use this money to sign all of the players they draft. If you exceed this pool you must pay penalties. The first 10% is just monetary penalties, if you spend more than 10% you start forfeiting future draft picks (which also means less bonus pool money in the following years). There is a great primer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bleachernation.com/2014/06/04/2014-mlb-draft-primer-bonus-pool-slot-values-penalties-etc/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; on draft slots and the penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any player a team drafts &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the tenth round may be signed for up to $100k without counting against their bonus pool. However, any amount they spend over 100k does count against their pool from the first 10 rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the thing. The first four or so draft slots are huge, significantly larger than the other draft slots. So if a team drafts a player in one of those slots who they know will sign for less money, they get to save a &lt;em&gt;ton&lt;/em&gt; of money to be able to draft high risk players in the later rounds and offer them larger bonuses than other teams would be able to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is important for several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, if a player is a highschool graduate, a large bonus may lure them away from their college commitment (or if they are a junior, it may entice them to leave school early).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It allows you to draft hard to sign players in the first ten rounds, earlier than other teams. There is an emerging strategy to draft hard to sign players &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the start of the 10th round, so that you get the free 100k, and so that if you fail to sign the player, the money for the slot is not lost (As it would be if you drafted them in rounds 1-9). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, if you draft under slot early, it allows you to get &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; better talent by drafting guys over slot late. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brett Taylor, who covers the Cubs on his blog &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bleachernation.com/2014/06/17/checking-in-on-the-chicago-cubs-draft-signings-and-bonus-pool/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bleacher Nation&lt;/a&gt;, has written several articles on the Cubs' use of this draft strategy. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bleachernation.com/2014/06/11/more-on-first-round-pick-kyle-schwarber-signing-position-progression-and-horses/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here's&lt;/a&gt; his article about the Cubs' top pick in 2014, a significantly underslot signing that allowed the Cubs to have one of the years best drafts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address the specific case you mention. It's probably two things. First the talent falls of pretty hard after about the first ten picks every year. So most likely they had a few guys at that level who they liked, and everything else being equal, you take the guy you can sign for less money (so you can sign another good player later). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other factor is that the draft can be a real crapshoot. Sure you &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to get the sure thing superstars, but there might only be 5 of those in a given draft. So you stock up on highish level guys. There might not be a lot of seperation between three or four guys one of whom might sign below slot. You pick the guy who will sign low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-08-15T01:49:40.770" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T01:49:40.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5802" CreationDate="2014-08-15T07:45:35.813" Score="6" ViewCount="1598" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the tennis tournaments, every 7 games the balls &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4757/how-many-balls-on-tennis-ground&quot;&gt;are changed&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the destination of those used balls? I think there were a lot of balls every tournaments of that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:09:06.617" Title="What is the destination of the used tennis balls from tournaments?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5539" CreationDate="2014-08-15T09:14:32.867" Score="8" ViewCount="1605" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered term &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=bagel+girl+tennis&quot;&gt;bagel girl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in connection with a tennis player. I understood approximately the meaning of this term from the context, but could some clarify it in more detail? Is there also male equivalent for this colloquial term?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-08-15T09:45:56.163" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T05:35:34.970" Title="What does &quot;bagel girl&quot; mean in tennis?" Tags="|terminology|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5538" CreationDate="2014-08-15T12:00:17.923" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Bagel girl&quot; is a derogatory term for a woman who frequently loses tennis sets 6-0. The stereotypical bagel girl is a young woman from a wealthy family who has enough money to keep traveling the world and entering professional tournaments, even though she has no chance of winning at that level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term comes from both the fact that a bagel is shaped like a zero and from a racial stereotype. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of a male equivalent of this term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-08-21T05:35:34.970" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T05:35:34.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5557" CreationDate="2014-08-15T18:58:55.563" Score="4" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've decided to swim a 2.5km race a year from now. For the last two years I have swum 3km daily, but at a uniform, comfortable pace which I believe is not optimal for boosting competitive performance. I wonder what swim practices should look like if I'm interested in getting really good at 2.5km freestyle? Also take into account that I swim every day, so maybe I should alternate between practice sets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user6231" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-15T19:00:08.163" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T00:51:49.277" Title="How to design swim practices for long distance swimming" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5541" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5559" CreationDate="2014-08-15T21:50:15.243" Score="2" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article/mlb/giants-get-run-vs-white-sox-on-replay-review-of-catcher-obstruction?ymd=20140813&amp;amp;content_id=89446412&amp;amp;vkey=news_mlb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;game&lt;/a&gt; between the Chicago White Sox and the San Francisco Giants on 8/13/2014, the White Sox manager was ejected for arguing the application of the newly-clarified rule that a catcher may not block the plate while awaiting a throw (ie, without the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had this game been protested, who would have heard the protest?  Normally a game is protested to the League President, but in an inter-league game, is that the home team's President, the Commissioner of Baseball, or someone else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T17:17:59.100" Title="Who would hear a protest in an Inter-league game?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5000" CreationDate="2014-08-15T22:13:40.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason the balk advances the runners regardless of whether they are 'forced' to advance or not is that a balk is called to protect the runners from the pitcher using deception to cause them to leave their base early, and thus be picked off.  As such, when a balk is called, the game situation is treated as if the runners had been stealing a base, and they are awarded one base.  This goes a bit beyond a 'return to equity' of course, as often no runners are going when a balk is called, but that is the general reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the comment on &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/pitcher_8.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the specific rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Comment: Umpires should bear in mind that the purpose of the balk rule is to prevent the pitcher from deliberately deceiving the base runner.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If there is doubt in the umpires mind, the intent of the pitcher should govern. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, a balk &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; results in a ball to the batter.  Instead, there are a few possible situations where a ball to the batter might be given &lt;em&gt;instead&lt;/em&gt; of a balk, or &lt;em&gt;in addition to&lt;/em&gt; a balk; but the term &lt;code&gt;balk&lt;/code&gt; specifically applies only to the advancement of the runners.  Note the comment to 8.05e (the Quick Pitch rule):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With runners on base the penalty is a balk; with no runners on base, it is a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And 8.02a (the Doctored Ball rule referred to by diggers), when a play occurs and the manager does not elect to accept the play's results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) If the manager of the team at bat does not elect to accept the play, the umpire-inchief shall call an automatic ball and, if there are any runners on base, a balk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the balk and the ball are clearly separate items.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that if a balk and a walk occur simultaneously - as could occur in either of the two above situations - any runners who would be 'forced' by the walk do not gain an additional base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T22:13:40.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5464" CreationDate="2014-08-15T22:46:24.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On your first point: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/business/mlb-salary-arbitration-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fangraphs&lt;/a&gt; certainly agrees with you that old metrics seem to dominate.  There are no hard and fast rules about which stats are presentable, though; it's solely due to who is hearing the case - and there is no doubt that stats (both old and new) have made a huge difference (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=15864&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baseball Prospectus'&lt;/a&gt;** article on Arbitration, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A list of what evidence you may present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following evidence is admissable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The quality of the player's contribution to his club during the past season (including but not limited to his overall performance, special qualities of leadership and public appeal).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The length and consistency of his career contribution.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The record of the player's past compensation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Comparative baseball salaries (the arbitration panel is provided with a table of confidential baseball salaries for all players broken down by years of service).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The existence of any physical or mental defects on the part of the player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The recent performance of the club, including but not limited to his league standing and attendance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, as to why 'younger' players get less: Players and their agents are only allowed to compare themselves to other players in their service year or players with one year more service time.  As much of the success of the arbitration is due to finding other players with the same stats, this significantly limits the argument that players may have compared to the market-inflated salaries.  The arbitrator basically can only compare the player to other players in arbitration, until they are in their last year of arbitration; so Mike Trout cannot be compared to Albert Pujols, for example, despite the fact that any idiot would sign Trout for more than Pujols at this point.  This can be argued to be waived in the case of 'special' players (see: Trout), but typically it does not yield nearly the 'market' salary nonetheless.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From BP:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In other words, Super Twos can be compared to Super Twos and three-year players, but not four-year players. Threes can be compared to other threes and fours, but not fives. The exception is that fives can compare themselves to anyone, just like free agents. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, this likely leads to aggressive signing of young superstar players to pre-arb contracts, like Mike Trout ($24M/year for 6 years); this is because owners want to avoid setting overly large arbitration precedents and schedule when money will be delivered such that it doesn't inflate other salaries.  Trout will earn $24MM a year, but it is back loaded: 5MM in (service) year 3, 15MM in year 4, 19MM in year 5, then 33MM in the last 3 years (service years 6,7,8).  This helps avoid large arbitration comps for other players somewhat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They certainly do not reflect market salaries would be, even in the final year of arbitration (though they do get closer).  The market salary is effectively the highest amount any one GM thinks a player is worth, and bakes into it not only the past performance of the player, but the likely future performance as well - some years of control over the player, expected growth, and such.  Arbitration salaries do not consider this 'future performance', except as it may be realized in other players' comparative salaries - which, remember, are also arbitration derived until the final year.  In addition, the fact that no teams are bidding 'against' the team and player means that the arbitrators' decision does not include the additional money a player likely would receive from other owners bidding on his talents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, your third point is correct: the arbitrator must choose one of the two options.  In theory, the arbitrator would compare the midpoint of the two proposed salaries to the determined 'correct' salary and choose the one closest, but as BP notes in the earlier-linked article, that is not set in stone, and they may make their decision based on whatever they choose - which probably depresses extreme salaries some.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as your questions at the end: the system works largely because it's a compromise between the players (who would like earlier free agency) and the owners (who would prefer six years of complete control).  It probably benefits the clubs slightly, particularly as it's easy to identify certain players who are likely to receive 'bad' awards (closers in particular seem to get overly high awards - hence trades like the Addison Reed trade in the 2013/14 offseason) and cut them without cost; but it certainly is helpful to players as well compared to what it would be otherwise, and the owners are unlikely to agree to completely open free agency after 3 or 4 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did it exist? Read the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/all-about-arbitration/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hardball Times&lt;/a&gt; article linked in the other answer; it explains how it came to pass in the 1970s.  Basically, arbitration existed before free agency, after the 1974 strike/lockout; it was the compromise that allowed salaries to have at least some tie to performance (before that, owners set the salary for a player, and a player could play for that salary or not play baseball at all due to the reserve clause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason it is Final Offer Arbitration is because that is common in labor negotiations.  See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitration_in_the_United_States#Arbitrators&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki on Arbitration&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is designed to encourage the parties to moderate their initial positions so as to make it more likely they receive a favourable decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without it, both sides likely would make outraegous offers.  Still happens sometimes (see: Eric Gagne) but in general clubs and players are within a million or so in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** The BP article I linked is from 2012.  In 2013, a major change was made that removed the 'free agent' arbitration option, so that no longer applies.  Clubs now may tender a qualifying contract to FAs (a bit north of $14MM in 2014), which retains their rights to draft pick compensation, but there is no risk of an arbitrator awarding the player more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-08-15T23:01:05.177" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T23:01:05.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5533" CreationDate="2014-08-16T02:25:40.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find anything that doesn't leave fibres on the rubber works. I often just use a paper towel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1457" LastActivityDate="2014-08-16T02:25:40.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-16T06:52:07.940" Score="4" ViewCount="6754" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, why don't players block three pointers by putting their hand above the hoop and pushing it away? Many players are close to 7 feet and can easily reach the hoop, so why doesn't a player just stand near the hoop and push away three pointers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6236" LastActivityDate="2024-01-29T14:10:44.860" Title="Blocking three pointers in basketball" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5546" CreationDate="2014-08-16T11:17:07.363" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is called goaltending and is prohibited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basketball, if you block a shot after it's started descending, it is ruled to be goaltending and the &lt;strong&gt;basket is counted automatically&lt;/strong&gt;. There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaltending_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;several other circumstance&lt;/a&gt;s in which goal tending is called as well, but they are out of scope for this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-01-28T21:43:29.510" LastActivityDate="2024-01-28T21:43:29.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5276" CreationDate="2014-08-16T18:24:45.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To put things in context, lets start by talking about what board is best for beginners. Board choice is one of the most misunderstood topics for beginners. Throwing the question out on google generally results in bad information (often by surf shops and other surf oriented websites!) which doesn't help. Most will mention something like height/weight ratio to length, some length above your head, or say it depends on what style of surfing you want to end up learning. All of this is absolute BS. So what is the best board to start with? Very simply, the thickest, widest, longest board you can physically transport to the beach in or on your vehicle, carry to the water, and reach your arms around to paddle. Why so big? Two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Catch waves. Most important. You can't learn if you don't catch waves. The more waves you catch, the more chances you'll have to stand up and the more fun you'll have, which means the more you'll want to surf. THE #1 problem with shorter boards is that you don't catch enough waves to learn! Longer, flatter, more bouyant boards = faster paddler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Stability. What's easier to stand on. A cheerio from the cereal box or the pool deck of the Queen Mary. Very simple concept. The bigger the board, the easier it is to stand-up, which equals more fun, progression, happiness, desire to keep surfing...repeat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Resale. Ok I said 2 reasons, but this is good too. Don't want to be a 'longboarder?' Doesn't matter what you want to be. Go buy a used longboard. If you don't damage it, you WILL sell it for the same $$ you bought it for!!! A couple dings and you'll get maybe $50 less. Used longboards are hot commodities. Why? Because the vast majority of surfers are beginners, and beginners need longboards to progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to summarize...Buy a used longboard, progress, learning the basics of surfing QUICKLY while having fun. Then if you want to try something different when your ready, sell the board and get something else. This is the equation. How do I know? I've surfed for 20+ years, worked in a surf shop, managed a surfboard factory, worked at a surf school. But don't take my word for it. Instead of googling something like &quot;What surfboard should a beginner start with.&quot; Try doing an image search for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=surf%20schools&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=TpjvU9viFYaVyASwqYDIAQ&amp;amp;sqi=2&amp;amp;ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&amp;amp;biw=1295&amp;amp;bih=659&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;surf schools&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; Scroll down and notice that the vast majority of everything they use is as big as the student can carry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to answer your question. If there's such a thing as &quot;too large&quot; a surfboard, then in what manner would a novice tend to wipe out on them? By my definition a board that is too large for a novice would mean its tough to carry and wrap your arms around it. A novice would most often fall while standing up, or while standing up. Not by fault of the board, but just because he/she is learning! This assumes they are surfing small, easy rolling waves, that are good for learning. If the waves are too big for the beginner, likely he/she would end up pearling (nosediving) too much. However, this would happen on a shorter board as well. The fault is in the waves, not the board. In short, there is no &quot;too large&quot; a surfboard once your out in the water as long as you can physically paddle it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6238" LastEditorUserId="6238" LastEditDate="2014-08-16T18:38:05.690" LastActivityDate="2014-08-16T18:38:05.690" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5549" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-17T03:07:18.867" Score="11" ViewCount="1106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a geezer now, but when I played competitive ultimate, a specific type of isolation play was very popular.  Near the end zone, the handler would call out &quot;Iso bob&quot; (or whatever they wanted to signify the play), and everyone except bob would clear the end zone.  Bob's defender would then have the choice of either facing bob or facing the handler.  If he faced bob, the handler would throw, and bob would have a step on him for a crisp throw.  If he faced the handler, bob would cut and have a step on him for the cut.  If another player ran in to help, his mark would cut to a corner of the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team ran a zone defense, this didn't work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a good way to run a man defense and shut down isolation plays?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as an aside, are they still popular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6169" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T17:55:28.427" Title="Defense against an isolation play" Tags="|strategy|defense|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5491" CreationDate="2014-08-17T15:00:28.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the baseman tagging the bag or the player, or the player leaving the baseline, there is yet one additional way a forced runner may cause an out, although it is not himself that is out: if the runner from behind catches up with him, and occupies the same exact position on the basepaths (either literally catches up with him and touches him, or both occupy the same base), then that runner is out per &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/runner_7.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 7.08h&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.08&#xA;  Any runner is out when -- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(h) He passes a preceding runner before such runner is out;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the third baseman could hold the ball indefinitely, standing on the basepath between second and third, and eventually either the runner from first would be declared out (because he has no safe location  to go once the batter reaches first) or the batter would be declared out (if the runner from first stayed at first).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That may have been what the third baseman was thinking about, although it doesn't apply until he literally is caught up with (not just 'forced'), and even if the runner from first reaches second, the runner from second doesn't cause this out unless he is standing on the bag as well or is passed by the runner from first.  The specific play that occurred (the third baseman or shortstop fielding the ball some distance from the bag, and choosing not to tag the bag) occurs regularly in MLB, often because the fielder could not reach the bag in time, or because he believes he could start a double play 2nd-1st but could not start a 3rd-1st double play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runners overtaking comes up occasionally in the MLB particularly on pop flies to the outfield, where one runner feels it is going to land safely and one player feels it is going to be caught.  The earlier runner runs head down, and often from first (meaning he has no base coach in his view), while the later runner (on second, say) stands on the bag waiting to tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-08-17T15:00:28.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5552" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-17T18:43:21.827" Score="12" ViewCount="10177" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on third with two out. Batter hits a slow roller to first base. First baseman charges and picks up the ball. Runner from third crosses home. First baseman tags the runner running from home to first, does the run count ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6241" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-08-18T17:07:27.217" LastActivityDate="2022-06-01T00:20:34.650" Title="Does a run score if the batter is tagged for the 3rd out before he reaches first?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5552" CreationDate="2014-08-17T22:41:41.247" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run does not count. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/start_end_4.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.09 HOW A TEAM SCORES.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first,&#xA;second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a&#xA;play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first&#xA;base;&lt;/strong&gt; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is&#xA;declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the batter-runner does not make it to first base safely, the run does not count. Similar to a force out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6200" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-08-17T22:41:41.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4270" CreationDate="2014-08-18T00:58:01.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to above list we have one more series with shared Man of the Series Award.&#xA;In the recent series between India and England - Man of the series award was shared between James Anderson and B Kumar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://cricket.yahoo.com/postmatch-england-vs-india_187257#England&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cricket.yahoo.com/postmatch-england-vs-india_187257#England&lt;/a&gt; 1st Innings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0gTnw.png&quot; alt=&quot;https://cricket.yahoo.com/postmatch-england-vs-india_187257#England 1st Innings&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T00:58:01.343" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5541" CreationDate="2014-08-18T12:47:33.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no league presidents.  It was discontinued  more than 10 years ago.  All baseballs are now embossed with Commissioner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it does go to commissioners office.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/recbooks/officials.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;History of Officials&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T12:47:33.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5540" CreationDate="2014-08-18T14:01:31.090" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used &lt;em&gt;Triathlete Magazine's Essential Week-by-Week Training Guide: Plans, Scheduling Tips, and Workout Goals for Triathletes of All Levels&lt;/em&gt; for training.  For the swim portion there were a lot of drills for improving technique.  It was the author's opinion that improving technique would improve speed.  (That said, the best thing that improved my technique was two sessions with an instructor.)  There was also a lot of fartlek work: Sprints coupled with recovery.  For example one day's swim would be 50 m as fast as I could go with 150 m at a moderate pace for recovery.  Repeating that several times along with some drills for technique would be one day's training.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T14:01:31.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3307" CreationDate="2014-08-18T15:40:37.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IAAF doesn't have a formal editorial style guide for the relative use of these terms, so in practice they're interchangeable as Ben Miller answered. I'd be interested to see if there are similar synonyms in French and Italian, as French is also an official language of the IAAF and their primary statisticians are English and Italian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As terms of art, the two words are often used to distinguish when an athlete appears on e.g. an annual list multiple times: Bolt might have six &lt;strong&gt;performances&lt;/strong&gt; in the ten best for a given year, but for other athletes down the list, only their &lt;em&gt;best&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;mark&lt;/strong&gt; is listed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other contexts, e.g. a field event which is ongoing, an athlete might have three existing marks &quot;on the board&quot;, but their performance will be the best of those marks when the competition is completed. But I wouldn't want to suggest either of these as rules which are followed rigorously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T15:40:37.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5541" CreationDate="2014-08-18T17:17:59.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.00 in the official rules of Major League Baseball defines &quot;The League President&quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;THE LEAGUE PRESIDENT is the league official charged with enforcing these Rules, fining or suspending any player, manager, coach or umpire for violation of these Rules, resolving any disputes involving these Rules or determining any protested games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.00 (League President) Comment: With respect to the Major Leagues, the functions of the League President pursuant to these Rules shall be carried out by the designees of the Commissioner of Baseball. The Commissioner may designate different officials to carry out different functions of a League President pursuant to these Rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the Commissioner or his designees would handle anything like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: MLB rules - &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: Just like in other sports, the MLB rules are designed to be used for all kinds of leagues, not just the professional ones. Minor league teams and club leagues usually follow these rules (mostly) and have their own presidents, hence the use of the term throughout the rules even though the American League and National League no longer have their own presidents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T17:17:59.100" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5560" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5561" CreationDate="2014-08-18T19:26:02.233" Score="3" ViewCount="2824" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pitch on a full count (3-2) is also known as a &quot;payoff pitch&quot;. I assume it's because the at-bat usually ends there (pays off), but it seems to preclude a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, i just heard &quot;the payoff pitch... foul ball... the payoff pitch...&quot; Obviously the first one didn't pay off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it called that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:24:37.420" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T01:24:37.420" Title="Why is it called a &quot;payoff pitch&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5560" CreationDate="2014-08-18T20:13:48.760" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've got it right. Payoff pitch basically means that there's going to be a result. It does preclude a foul ball, which can extend the at bat, but foul balls can extend other at bats that are not in &quot;pay-off pitch&quot; position, for example an 0-2, 1-2 or 2-2 count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term refers more to the situation (3-2) than the pitch itself. 3-2 is a &quot;payoff&quot; situation because there is no other count to change to. At this point, if the pitch is not fouled it will definitely result in an out or another runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be used more often when there are two outs, bases loaded, because when the at bat ends it will either end the inning or score at least one run, but different sources are not consistent in this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not an official baseball term, but the Merriam Webster dictionary defines &quot;payoff&quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 :  the climax of an incident or enterprise; specifically :  the denouement of a narrative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 :  a decisive fact or factor resolving a situation or bringing about a definitive conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So both of those fit with the idea that the &quot;payoff pitch&quot; will end the at bat (even if it won't necessarily end the at bat).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sporting charts - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/mlb/payoff-pitch.aspx&quot;&gt;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/mlb/payoff-pitch.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(P)&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(P)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Merriam-Webster - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/payoff&quot;&gt;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/payoff&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T20:13:48.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-18T20:34:07.003" Score="8" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to the transfer window, what is the Financial fair play rule? How does it impact the spending limit for the clubs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6183" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-04T08:09:37.837" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T03:31:37.997" Title="How does the Financial Fair Play rule work?" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5566" CreationDate="2014-08-19T14:11:27.377" Score="5" ViewCount="11164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering about this after some of the recent high-profile injuries, such as Paul George, and before that Derrick Rose. The reason is obvious, a team doesn't want to be paying a player millions of Dollars to sit on the bench. So what I'm asking is, is there any way of paying him less than what he's owed, and if not, does the team get any kind of salary cap extension to make up for the injured player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6250" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-19T14:12:42.863" LastActivityDate="2014-08-19T20:02:14.677" Title="Is an NBA team ever allowed to pay an injured player less than his contract" Tags="|nba|finances|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5564" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-19T16:23:10.403" Score="5" ViewCount="2173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I watched a video summary of the boulder world cup in Munich.&#xA;Indoors and outdoors each boulder problem is classified with&#xA;a certain difficulty e.g. in the Hueco or in the Fontainbleau scale (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_%28bouldering%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_%28bouldering%29&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which grades competitors have to face in the boulder world cup?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6249" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T08:54:17.937" Title="How difficult are world cup bouldering problems?" Tags="|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5565" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-19T19:54:29.257" Score="8" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding of the financial fair play rule from UEFA is that clubs can't spend more money then they take in from ticket sales, sponsorships, media deals, etc. The goal being to prevent a super rich owner from coming in and dumping loads of money into a team to buy all the good players and keep everyone else from getting a chance at them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I watch this happen though, I'm wondering how this is actually fair to the smaller clubs. The big clubs will continue to make millions and millions from sponsorship deals that the smaller clubs won't have a chance to get unless they somehow can break into that elite group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use the EPL as an example, the best teams in the league have pretty much always been the same (or at least for the last 25 or so years since the silly amounts of money have been poured into the game). There isn't really a chance for even a medium level team like West Brom or Hull to break into the top 4 long term because they won't be able to keep their best players, even if they have a rich owner swoop in a give them millions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what makes this rule fair? Or am I missing the point of the rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1954" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T08:50:26.753" Title="What makes financial fair play fair?" Tags="|football|finances|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5563" CreationDate="2014-08-19T20:02:14.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the NBA team can not pay a player less than his contract due to injury. They can, however, get a salary cap extension under the Disabled Player Extension, as detailed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Disabled Player Exception. A team may replace a player who suffers a season-ending injury with one player making up to 50% of the injured player’s current salary, up to a maximum of the average player salary. The Disabled Player Exception is available in the following circumstances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) If the player is injured between July 1 and November 30 and is determined to be out for that season, the team has 45 days to use the Exception; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) If the player is injured between December 1 and June 30 and is determined to be out for the subsequent season, the team has until the following October 1 to use the Exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insidehoops.com/nba-salary-exceptions.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-08-19T20:02:14.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5571" CreationDate="2014-08-20T07:33:10.210" Score="3" ViewCount="21417" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a sports column I was reading, the writer mentioned something about &quot;win shares&quot;, that existed to provide a financial incentive to win games during the playoffs, especially since otherwise players weren't being paid any more for participating in the playoffs than they were otherwise. Does this still exist today? If not, is there any existing way of paying players for playoff games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6250" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T13:47:59.203" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T07:19:58.087" Title="How does NBA players' salary increase during the playoffs?" Tags="|nba|finances|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5564" CreationDate="2014-08-20T07:42:17.293" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Around FB 7c to 8a+.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an official source about the difficulty in world cup bouldering competitions. On the website of the world cup in Innsbruck they state that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bouldering is also known as &quot;max power discipline&quot; and represents the probably most pretentious event of competition climbing. The difficulties of the boulder problems range between boulder grade 7c to 8a+.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boulderworldcup-innsbruck.com/en/ergebnisse/wettkampfmodus.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.boulderworldcup-innsbruck.com/en/ergebnisse/wettkampfmodus.html&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6249" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T07:42:17.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5569" CreationDate="2014-08-20T07:46:45.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the NBA section of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0611/playoff-perks-for-pro-athletes.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Investopedia article&lt;/a&gt;, each season there is a &amp;quot;playoff kitty&amp;quot; which is divvied up amongst the various teams dependent on performance, from which the teams can choose how to distribute amongst players. Here's the exact quotes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA's salary cap restricts teams from providing significant bonuses to players for post-season performances, but there is a league-wide playoff kitty,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2010's playoff pool reached a record $12 million, but not all of that money is allotted for playoff performances. Last year $346,105 was awarded to the Cleveland Cavaliers for having the best record in the regular season, as well as a share of the $179,092 that's guaranteed to playoff-bound teams. The teams that made it to the quarter-finals split $213,095, and teams in the semi-finals divvied $352,137. Last year's finalists, the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics, split $1.4 million, with the Lakers netting an additional $2.1 million for taking home the Larry O'Brien trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, playoff pool distribution amongst teams may not be even. As explained &lt;a href=&quot;http://wagesofwins.com/2013/06/06/notes-on-the-nba-finals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on wagesofwins.com&lt;/a&gt;, teams can distribute the money however they like - so I'd imagine that the &amp;quot;big name&amp;quot; star players will get a disproportionately large share of it. That said, If you look at the bottom of that article, if the pool &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; distributed fairly, making the playoffs only results in a $7,760 payout per player - so not a massive incentive. You have to make the NBA Finals to get a really large bonus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T07:46:45.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5381" CreationDate="2014-08-20T11:18:44.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no specific criteria for giving the man of the match award. Normally it will be given to a match winning performance player or an outstanding performance player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6252" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T11:18:44.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5579" CreationDate="2014-08-20T11:38:12.617" Score="3" ViewCount="1151" Body="&lt;p&gt;My brother decided that in order to help break in his baseball glove, he would put a ball inside and tie the glove closed. Does this actually do anything?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: An experiment with this isn't really going to work for me. I can't wear his glove, and he might suffer a placebo next time.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-20T13:45:23.033" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T20:37:36.607" Title="Does tying up a glove help break it in?" Tags="|equipment|baseball|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5565" CreationDate="2014-08-20T11:57:07.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idea behind financial fair play is, as you say, to prevent rich owners dumping in their money into a club, and &quot;purchase&quot; success. Examples of such being Chelsea, Man City and more recently PSG. One could count FC &quot;Red Bull&quot; Salzburg among those, even though that club have not been on the international arena as much as the previous ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now there are two fundamental assumptions here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;More money implies more success: This is actually not quite true, not all teams with rich owners get titles. More money usually means more/better players as the club would be able to attract players beyond their stature, given financial incentives. There are numerous examples of clubs giving astronomical salaries to attract players but fail to capitalise on their squad. AC Monaco is a good example. Similarly there are a series of russian clubs that have had their streak of foreign talent coming in for the $$$ but none of these clubs have made success on the international arena. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Owners injecting money into clubs is the only way to &quot;cheat&quot; financially: This is also not quite true. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Financial_Fair_Play_Regulations#Manchester_City_naming_rights&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;There is a very thin line between what counts as injecting money, and getting a supreme sponsorship deal though business partners.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea behind financial fair play is to prevent teams from spending more money than they earn (via rich owners or otherwise) and have a sustainable future. In theory, bigger clubs get more money and indeed spend more money. However they still have to &lt;em&gt;perform&lt;/em&gt; to get the big bucks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you exclude the absolute top teams (Man Utd, Real Madrid, Barcelona, FC Bayern etc) the majority of the money they get is through commercial products (i.e. merchandising). However for the overwhelming majority of the teams, the ratio between matchday sales, broadcasting and commercial income are more level, meaning that qualifying to continental cups and going further in these competitions bring in a significant amount of money. (Ref for this paragraph: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedKingdom/Local%20Assets/Documents/Industries/Sports%20Business%20Group/uk-deloitte-sbg-dfml-2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Deloitte Money League report&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now while a mid-table team, will not be able to compete with the big dogs in the course of a year or two, by doing better and better, they will increase their budget and possibility to attract players. In other words, success means first of all more money; by finishing the league in a good spot teams get more prize money, possibly get qualified for continental competitions (possibly raking in more $$$) AND who doesn't want to buy the shirt of team that's doing well? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it fair to compare Man Utd and Hull financially? &lt;strong&gt;No!&lt;/strong&gt; One of them rake in £75M/year, while I doubt Hull come up to those figures even with all their income. Will/does the financial fair play make it fair? &lt;strong&gt;No, not really&lt;/strong&gt; United still gets more money and buy more players than Hull. What the system is there however is to prevent teams like City, or PSG to buy their way to the top. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/may/16/manchester-city-fine-transfer-cap-uefa-ffp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Whether that will be effective or not is a whole different story however&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, it's a big mess with lots of politics and lawyers involved and very little sportsmanship. I recommend the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Financial_Fair_Play_Regulations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia article on the subject&lt;/a&gt; for a thorough reading, I am sure there are details in there that I did not catch myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T11:57:07.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5578" CreationDate="2014-08-20T16:03:03.643" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just ordered my first longboard and was just wondering if I can put these wheels on these trucks and if you know how to do it that would be very helpful too, thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Longboard-Skateboard-Wheels-Red-Black-83A-76x53mm-/121214682680?pt=AU_Skateboarding&amp;amp;hash=item1c38f54638&amp;amp;_uhb=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Longboard-Skateboard-Wheels-Red-Black-83A-76x53mm-/121214682680?pt=AU_Skateboarding&amp;amp;hash=item1c38f54638&amp;amp;_uhb=1&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5leV4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.oo.com.au/40-101-6cm-Concave-Pintail-_P202979.cfm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;40&quot; Pintail Longboard Cruiser Skateboard: Orange&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RumKA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;40&amp;quot; Pintail Longboard Cruiser Skateboard: Orange&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4JIzE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6255" LastEditorUserId="6255" LastEditDate="2014-08-20T16:22:10.030" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T14:26:00.563" Title="Longboard wheel help" Tags="|maintenance|skateboarding|longboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-03-05T07:30:00.640" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5573" CreationDate="2014-08-20T21:04:58.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tying up the glove by itself, even with a ball inside doesn't really aid in breaking it in. The main reason I've seen this process used is that it does help shape the pocket of the glove somewhat, so it's essentially not as flat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mitt oil, steam treatment and actually just using the glove to play with go farther towards achieving the broken-in effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now in defense of the glove industry, many newer (and often more expense) models actually seem to use softer or more supple leather.  So it's not necessarily like breaking in some rock-hard model your father or grandfather used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6257" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T21:04:58.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1722" CreationDate="2014-08-21T08:33:02.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of ways a batting team can lose a wicket during a dead-ball situation (as is the case immediately after losing a wicket), for example a batsman may &lt;strong&gt;retire out&lt;/strong&gt;. The batsman in question generally cannot return to the field (though a batsman could retire and then return with the permission of the opposing captain) and thus the batting team would be down to 10 men. If this occurs between one wicket and the next ball, they've effectively lost two wickets on one ball. The second way I can think of is that any batsman who is &lt;strong&gt;timed out&lt;/strong&gt; (fails to appear on the pitch in a timely manner)—unless they are in the opening pair—is of course following on from another loss of wicket before the next ball has been bowled. Therefore the team has again lost two wickets with only one ball being bowled. Neither of these, though, are cases of the fielding team taking two wickets from one ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6259" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T08:33:02.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5575" CreationDate="2014-08-21T10:00:59.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes - they can be used. The bearing size is generally the same (with some exceptions, but those are always flagged up as such)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All you need is a wrench/spanner or pliers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Undo the axle bolts holding on the existing wheels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slip the old wheels off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slip the new wheels on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tighten up the bolts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-04-23T13:45:51.697" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T13:45:51.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5573" CreationDate="2014-08-21T17:25:45.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Putting a ball in it and tying it up will help create a pocket.  The problem with that is it usually isn't a very natural pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to break in a glove is to play catch with it.  It will take time, but it will be broken in to your hand, the way you catch.  Depending on the model and brand, it may be more or less difficult to break in a glove.  Many of the top of the line gloves will be difficult to break in.  This is because of the quality of the leather, they will last longer.  Gloves that use faux leather can be up there in price while being softer and easier to break in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Breaking in a glove is pretty serious to a baseball player.  Everyone has their own preferences.  Whatever feels the best is what you should do.  Personally I like a stiff glove.  Once it gets flimsy at all, it is time for a new glove.  Playing middle infield, I went for a shallow pocket and tried to make the glove an extension of the hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the industry of breaking in gloves... I think it is all trash.  The idea is to break down the leather to make it softer.  If you want that, buy a cheap glove.  I have heard of people putting them in the oven for short periods of time to warm up the leather and then play catch.  The oils and mallets and creams are junk, you won't find them being used at a high level of baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-08-22T20:37:36.607" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T20:37:36.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5582" CreationDate="2014-08-21T21:20:50.357" Score="7" ViewCount="8221" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, how soon after signing a player may he play for his new squad? Liverpool are in the middle of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/22/sports/soccer/mario-balotelli-reportedly-headed-to-liverpool.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;signing Mario Balotelli from Milan&lt;/a&gt; in the Italian Serie A. It is reported, that if the deal goes through, he could be available to play this upcoming Monday (4 days).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Presumably different leagues have different protocols, and if that's the case then the English Premier League could be focus since that is to be his destination if the transfer does go through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is a recently transferred player able to play &quot;&lt;em&gt;instantly&lt;/em&gt;&quot; for his new squad? Or is there a period of time before the player may start a game?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T21:54:44.103" Title="After signing a player, how soon can he play for his new team?" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3631" CreationDate="2014-08-21T22:10:02.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recreational basketball is an extremely tricky field. After playing on multiple teams over the years, here are some lessons that I've learned which affect drafting strategies: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You win games when you hustle. &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Invariably, the most successful teams I've played on were comprised of a bunch of guys who were willing to hustle. Loose balls, boxing out, tenacious defense... the &lt;em&gt;hustle&lt;/em&gt; factor is an often-overlooked element during draft day&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Big guys are important&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you have a big guy, you immediately have presence in the lane. This pays off on offense and defense, and IMHO is the biggest factor for rec ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Build a team of shooters - don't single out one guy to take most of the shots&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can ride along with one good shooter, but even the best guys have bad games. I've lost to worse teams because we depended too much on one guy to shoot. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This doesn't really affect the draft (pick a great shooter if you can)... but if your great shooter isn't willing to give the ball up - watch out &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You need a designated PG&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't draft two guys who both think they can play PG. Your PG is your offensive leader and he needs to know that from the start &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, here's my draft strategy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Big man who plays solid defense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; PG&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; Best defender/hustle player out there, not a PG&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Fill your positions with the best players left. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6263" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T22:10:02.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5580" CreationDate="2014-08-22T04:11:21.597" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a time deadline before which he should have signed for the new club so that the player becomes eligible to play immediately(not exactly immediately, but i will explain with an example.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in the case of Balotelli, if he wants to play against Man City on monday, he must be registered as a Liverpool player by friday i.e he must have signed for liverpool by friday noon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Balotelli could make his debut for Liverpool at City in the Premier&#xA;  League on Monday but would have to be registered by noon on Friday and&#xA;  that appears unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source for the above text is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/aug/21/mario-balotelli-liverpool-behaviour-clauses-milan-brendan-rodgers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-05-14T03:34:49.733" LastActivityDate="2015-05-14T03:34:49.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5580" CreationDate="2014-08-22T10:38:50.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once the transfer goes through a player may play for his/her new club as soon as s/he gets licence to practice professional football. The licence is usually given by the domestic football association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FA will consider a number of parameters prior to issuing a licence for a particular player, these parameters include (but not limited to) any roster restrictions that may apply such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;total number of players registered for the league competition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;eventual limitations on number of foreign/non-EU players at the club&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;eventual work-permit limitations (primarily in the UK, for non-EU nationals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T10:38:50.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5584" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-22T19:23:13.190" Score="5" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you have probably seen that many teams(Bayern Munchen, Napoli) have the player's name announced 3 times by the announcer, when they score a goal.&#xA;I want to know where/when this tradition started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6268" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T09:19:36.753" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T09:19:36.753" Title="Which football club started the tradition of announcing player's name 3 times when they score a goal?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5588" CreationDate="2014-08-23T08:31:37.880" Score="1" ViewCount="3032" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/tournaments/calendar.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;calendar of junior tournaments&lt;/a&gt; on the ITF website, I see that each tournaments are given some kind of category: They are marked, for example, as Grade 1, ..., Grade 5, Grade B2, Grade A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean in practice? Does it influence how much points can player get from the tournament into ranking? Does it somehow influence who can compete?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-08-23T09:10:32.467" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T14:07:00.983" Title="What does &quot;grade&quot; means for junior tennis tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5586" CreationDate="2014-08-23T11:04:20.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As explained &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/rankings/ranking-points.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; on the ITF Tennis website, you're pretty much right. There's two different &quot;types&quot; of grades, A, B, and C, as well as 1-5. Grades A, B, and C represent different types of competitions as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grade A&lt;/strong&gt;: Top-tier tournaments - four Grand Slams plus &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/tournaments/grade-a-events/overview.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5 other events&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grade B&lt;/strong&gt;: Regional Championships&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grade C&lt;/strong&gt;: International Team Competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grades 1-5 are basically the same as the ATP/WTA GS/1000/500/250 system - a Grade 5 event is worth the least points, and a Grade 1 event is worth the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grade A events are always worth more than Grade 1 events, but Grade B events are generally denoted with something like &quot;B2&quot;, which means that it's a regional championship worth slightly more than a Grade 2 event. Similarly, B1 events are worth slightly more than Grade 1s (but less than Grade As), and B3 events are worth more than Grade 3s, but less than Grade 2s. There are currently no Grade B events lower than B3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be on the end-of-year rankings a junior player must have played in three Grade A events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2014-08-23T11:04:20.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5562" CreationDate="2014-08-23T18:06:46.437" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.financialfairplay.co.uk/financial-fair-play-explained.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; that should answer your question. It has a chart showing the different financial information regarding the teams spending caps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Financial Fair Play rule was put in place by the UEFA in 2009 with the purpose of ensuring that clubs in Europe did not over spend and risk the longevity of their team to try and be successful. The above link contains a chart that notes the specific numbers for the Champions, Barclay and other European leagues. It essentially limits how much they can over spend on players so that it keeps all the teams at a level playing field financially. It forces clubs to be more responsible with who they trade for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-16T03:31:37.997" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T03:31:37.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7337" CreationDate="2014-08-25T09:48:14.117" Score="4" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed the hop-up of my AEG AK47 Beta twists my BBs sideways. The accuracy at short range (10m) is quite good but at 30+ meters the aim is a good meter off the mark to the right and only deteriorates more with distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hop-up rubber has been replaced but the problem persists. What can I do to fix it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1115" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-25T13:16:56.107" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T06:14:33.473" Title="My hop-up makes BBs turn to the side. How can I fix it?" Tags="|maintenance|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5592" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-25T09:53:42.373" Score="6" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know precision barrels require high-quality BBs (strict size tolerances).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are &quot;Tracer&quot; BBs that when exposed to bright light (or used with a special &quot;silencer&quot; that flashes bright light at BB passing through it), shine in the dark. Unfortunately these exist &quot;besides&quot; the normal classification of BBs by quality and obviously are more expensive due to the gimmick, so even the price isn't an indicator - in effect I have no clue if they are of quality high enough to use with precision barrels. Are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1115" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-25T13:17:38.027" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T07:25:17.357" Title="Can I safely use tracers with precision barrel?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7338" CreationDate="2014-08-25T09:59:24.750" Score="3" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last time I played in winter, I got accused of cheating - likely truthfully but unintentionally. My winter jacket cushioned hits from BBs so much in some cases I didn't feel them at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The obvious solution is thinner clothing. Except it was -15C, evening, and thinner clothing would mean COLD. Especially in case you lie in wait in some bushes, sniping, or crawl through thick snow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of winter clothing (or other solutions?) will be thin enough not to cushion BBs too much while still giving a good cold protection?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1115" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-25T13:16:17.873" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T17:37:56.713" Title="What kind of winter clothing will allow me to feel hits while still keeping me warm in outdoors arena" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5594" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-25T10:09:05.963" Score="6" ViewCount="1053" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have access to various work safety equipment for very reasonable prices. That includes various protective glasses/goggles, face plates etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are standarized according to EN166 norm. Obviously, &quot;F&quot; class, &quot;Low-energy impact, velocity 45m/s&quot; is insufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is the definitely sufficient &quot;A&quot; class (High-energy impact, velocity 190m/s) is mostly restricted to rather expensive and somewhat unwieldy face plates, while &quot;B&quot; (Medium-energy impact, velocity 120m/s) offers a range of very reasonably priced, nice glasses and goggles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no clue how the BB energy converts to these requirements - is &quot;B&quot; class safe enough, or should I choose between &quot;A&quot; and dedicated Airsoft goggles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1115" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-25T13:16:31.907" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T02:31:57.117" Title="is 'B' class impact resistance of safety glasses sufficient for Airsoft?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3312" CreationDate="2014-08-25T15:31:08.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the previous post is very informative I feel there's a bit more information available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the late 70's when Bernie was transforming the sport, improving revenue and safety - taking the power (and profit) away from the circuit owners, part of his 'negotiating' strategy included the insistence of 2 medical helicopters at every race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this wasn't provided then the teams would boycott the race. He demanded that a helicopter was available at all times, and if the helicopter was taking a driver to the hospital (and there had only been one) it would have left none at the track - and so practice/qualifying/race would be suspended (no good for the tv coverage - which had really taken off after the 1976 season, track etc). And so a second helicopter was required to cover the first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as safety and medical cars go, I can imagine that the need for 2 is partly an extension of this - if something happens to one the show must go on. It would be extremely embarrassing for such a high profile sport to be delayed whilst they fix the medical car (for example). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine the World Cup Final delayed because someone has just kicked the (only) football out the ground and one of the ball boys has to go and fetch it (fish it out the Trent e.g&#xA;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastActivityDate="2014-08-25T15:31:08.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5594" CreationDate="2014-08-25T16:38:38.823" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the FPS of the gun but typically anything plastic is sufficient. Ive seen swimming goggles to workshop goggles to oakley glasses (pellets may scratch these though). They all work fine. Just cover the eyes. Anyway, Airsoft pellets don't carry too much kinetic energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6276" LastActivityDate="2014-08-25T16:38:38.823" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5599" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-25T16:44:43.540" Score="1" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was the touchdown at the end of the game between the Steelers and the Raiders in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Reception&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1972 AFC Divisional playoff game&lt;/a&gt; legally a touchdown by the NFL double touch rules or was the pass first touched by the Steelers' receiver? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6276" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T16:16:40.253" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T16:16:40.253" Title="Immaculate Reception Legality" Tags="|rules|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5349" CreationDate="2014-08-26T01:43:31.970" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first penalty shoot out that England had was against West Germany at Italia 90. England of course lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Peter Shilton was the England keeper, who at exactly 6 foot tall is smaller than most keepers. His tactic in that penalty shoot out was to dive after the ball had been struck (rather than the usual method of picking a side). He dove the correct way each time but was nowhere near any of the penalties, all of which were well struck, all in the corners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile the German players had been regularly practising their kicks, just in case any of their matches went to the shoot out (still a rarity in those days). The English players however hadn't really been practicing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This set the precedent which is always easier to repeat a second time, especially with the media and it's constant reminding of the previous FAILURE (Waddle and Pearce suffered in the red top press creating a venomous fear of failure for all future shoot outs), and the publics celebration of FAILURE (pizza hut?). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Future penalty shoot outs after this were very easy to predict as losses (check out the players body language - compare this to their opponents), where players such as David Batty (who had never taken a penalty in his career before) helped fuel the media's (and that of the public's conscience) self fulfilling prophecies of penalty shoot out defeat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why did he (and others that weren't particularly skillful such as Gareth Southgate) take them? &#xA;They volunteered, where other players of far superior ball control turned away. They were too worried by failure, driven by the culture nurtured by the media and public. (Batty and Southgate, although good players performed a role within the team, and that role wasn't  clinical finishing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England have won a penalty shoot out, against Spain at Euro 96, which was held in England (incidentally only a dubious refereeing decision kept England in the game). Buoyed by immense jingoism and support, the like of which I've never seen before or since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally until recently many of the senior management in the F.A. had failed (the archaic Taylor Report springs to mind) to embrace some of the more scientific approaches to football (managers like Arsene Wenger helped change this attitude) and the penalty shootout. See the book SOCCERNOMICS for detailed information. (how an economist would approach a penalty shoot out - and how they successfully predicted where the keeper should dive for the shootout in the Champions League final of Chelsea vs Man Utd).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't really comment on other countries relative success or failure in shootouts, and I don't want to mention national stereotypes, but if only everything in life was as reliable as a........ &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T14:00:49.247" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T14:00:49.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5562" CreationDate="2014-08-26T07:56:39.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, this rule was put in practice to stop unfair advantage for the &quot;rich teams&quot;(Chelsea FC, Manchester City, PSG). According to this rule, there is now a spending limit that the teams have to abide by, such that their net spending (total loss - total profit) cannot be more than a particular amount in one season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The profit here includes all money earned by the club by means of players sold, franchise money, equipment's sold (jerseys etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PSG failed to abide by this rule, so this year they have been imposed a fine of £49m and a reduced squad(2 players less) for Champions league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3759" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-08-26T09:23:58.753" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T09:23:58.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5617" CreationDate="2014-08-26T13:09:43.063" Score="3" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many players who are still eligible to play as juniors already enter enter senior tournaments. It is not uncommon to see, that some player plays qualifying at Grand Slam tournament and if they do not qualify, then they enter boys/girls competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can happen that a player concentrates only on senior events, in which case they do not have points in the juniors ranking. But still such a player might want to enter at least some junior tournaments. For example, I think that junior grand slams are considered prestigious. If such player has enough points in senior ranking, but does not have point in junior rankings, can they enter the main draw? Or do they have to play qualifying?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have noticed in Wikipedia article about &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tennis at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;that one player entered based on being in Top 450 in the ATP ranking. However, Youth Olympic Games are kind of a special event, so it is possible that this was an exception and not a rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize my question shortly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it possible to enter junior grand slam tournament (or other junior tournament) based on ATP/WTA rankings (instead of junior rankings)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:11:40.077" Title="Is it possible to enter junior tournament based on ATP/WTA rankings?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5076" CreationDate="2014-08-26T17:48:25.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player may be contracted by the NHL parent franchise and move between the clubs as you would see in the MLB, or the player may be on contract with the AHL team specifically.  A third scenario also exists where they could be paid for in some combination by the NHL and AHL teams.  There are different NHL contracts that allow for different situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; - No Movement Clause:  A NHL player cannot be sent down to the AHL.&#xA;&#xA; - One Way Clause:  A player earns the same amount of money no matter of&#xA;   the NHL or AHL.&#xA;&#xA; - Two Way Clause:  A player will earn a lesser salary if he is sent&#xA;   down to the AHL.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most players are on NHL contracts because the AHL is used as a minor league system.  They are often young players with hopes of becoming NHL players, or older players that could play a role on an NHL team in the case of an injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each AHL team can be one of three things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; 1. Owned by an NHL team.&#xA; 2. Privately owned but affiliated with an NHL team.&#xA; 3. Partially owned by an NHL team.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contracts, affiliations, and ownership also apply to the ECHL and CHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The situation that you describe&lt;/strong&gt; would most likely refer to a privately owned AHL team that had the player in reference under AHL contract.  The rules today may be different than in 1967.  Today if the player was under NHL contract the AHL or other minor league team would have no say in the transfer to the NHL club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly as for the franchise finances: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the AHL team is owned by an NHL team, they would be free from worry about operating expenses or player contracts.  This would all be the responsibility of the NHL team.  This allows for more control over coaching and playing time from the NHL perspective.  If they want certain players to play certain positions or minutes then it is passed down to the AHL team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the AHL team is independently owned, they will be in charge of the operating expenses and the non NHL contracted players on the roster.  The AHL team may hire a coach they see fit and player the players the way they want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are obvious upsides and downsides for both the AHL and NHL clubs in each situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are references used in the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://proicehockey.about.com/od/minorleagues/a/American-Hockey-League.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;About the AHL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://artfulpuck.wordpress.com/2014/08/09/fyi-nhl-team-affiliations-with-ahl-echl-and-chl-teams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL Minor League Affiliation and Ownership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;AHL Wiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20130506/BLOGS04/130509857/art-of-an-ahl-nhl-deal-the-chicago-wolves#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Art of an AHL-NHL Deal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T17:48:25.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5608" CreationDate="2014-08-27T02:30:50.373" Score="9" ViewCount="3293" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reddit.com/r/tabletennis/comments/2e7thp/plastic_ball_era_begins/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reddit&lt;/a&gt; that there's a new ball being used for table tennis. Is this true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there new rules in place regarding a new ball? If so what caused the change to of rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T19:33:28.343" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T15:27:28.730" Title="2014 New Table Tennis ball material rules for ITTF" Tags="|rules|equipment|table-tennis|ittf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-27T09:58:21.477" Score="4" ViewCount="56656" Body="&lt;p&gt;While giving byes on 4 quarter based knockout basis tournament for 21 teams, 1 quarter will have 3 byes but with that there is difficulty having proper pairing of the matches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, How can I draw a fixture of knockout tournament for 21 teams using the quarter method with the stipulations I present?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6283" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-27T13:50:16.523" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T05:17:17.623" Title="How to draw a fixture of knockout tournament for 21 teams using quarter method" Tags="|rules|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5606" CreationDate="2014-08-27T13:38:46.943" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Up until recently, all table tennis balls were made of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celluloid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;celluloid&lt;/a&gt;.  ITTF has mandated a change to a new ball, known as the plastic ball or poly ball.  The deadline for the use of the plastic ball was July 1, 2014, and the Belarus Open was the first event to use the plastic ball.  From this point on, all World Title and ITTF sanctioned events will use the plastic ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason behind the switch to the plastic ball is two-fold.  Initially, the reason given was that celluloid is increasingly becoming difficult and expensive to obtain, due to dangers in production and increasing regulatory restrictions.  However, ITTF president Adham Sharara revealed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dohastadiumplusqatar.com/level-playing-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an interview in February 2014&lt;/a&gt; that another purpose was to slow down the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From the technology point of view, we’re going to reduce speed. In fact, we’re developing a technology  test, which’ll have a bounce limit. If you see Chinese players performing the stroke, it’s difficult to see the ball. This has to slow down. We’re also changing balls. FIFA made the balls lighter and faster, but we’re changing balls from celluloid to plastic for less spin and bounce. We want to slow down the game a little bit. It’ll come into effect from July 1, which, I think, is going to be a very big change in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the material change, the diameter of the ball is changing slightly.  Celluloid balls were required to be between 39.50 and 40.50mm, and the new plastic balls need to be between 40.00 and 40.60 mm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new balls are controversial.  Many of the old plastic balls (before 2014) were not reviewed well.  They did not meet ITTF requirements and were more prone to breaking than celluloid balls.  ITTF claims that all of the plastic balls that were approved this year (the first plastic balls were approved on January 24, 2014) are better than the older plastic balls.  As more tournaments using the plastic balls occur, time will tell what changes the new balls introduce to the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ITTF is still approving celluloid balls, and they may still be used for non-ITTF sanctioned events.  If you have an ITTF-approved ball in your hand and are unclear if you have a celluloid or plastic ball, the plastic balls have &quot;40+&quot; printed on them.  Celluloid balls have &quot;40&quot; printed without the &quot;+&quot; character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ITTF has published a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.old.ittf.com/stories/pictures/Plastic_Balls_Q_A.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Q&amp;amp;A fact sheet on the new plastic balls (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T15:27:28.730" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T15:27:28.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-27T13:47:41.417" Score="5" ViewCount="2140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the situation. Runners at first and second nobody out.  Grounder to second throws out the runner going to second. Called out clearly by the umpire.  The relay to first for the double play is not in time.  The runner to second who was called out continues his run towards third base dugout....however the first baseman tries to throw out the runner on third who was off the bag a fair bit but the ball gets past the third baseman. The runner on third will score but then the out runner who was jogging towards home decides to try and deke out the third baseman by touching the bag and breaking for home.  It works. The third baseman throws home and throws that away allowing the runner on first to advance.  What's the right call???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6285" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-27T13:48:46.463" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T16:44:38.357" Title="Baseball runner called out but still runs like he was safe drawing a throw allowing another runner to advance" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5609" CreationDate="2014-08-27T14:26:53.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That could possibly be considered interference. The initial throw to the third baseman was legal and just a bad throw, with a legal run scoring. On the second throw to home, however, play should have been stopped by the umpire. Once a player is called out they are to return to the dugout directly, but his continuation on the base path was not necessarily an interference (stated below). This means that play should have been stopped and the batter should have been at first. Section 5.02 reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;5.02 After the umpire calls “Play” the ball is alive and in play and remains alive and in&#xA;play until for legal cause, or at the umpire’s call of “Time” suspending play, the ball becomes dead. While the ball is dead no player may be put out, no bases may be run and no runs may be scored, except that runners may advance one or more bases as the result of acts which occurred while the ball was alive (such as, but not limited to a balk, an over- throw, interference, or a home run or other fair ball hit out of the playing field).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, section 7.09 Paragraph e states:&#xA;(e) Any batter or runner who has just been put out, or any runner who has just scored,&#xA;hinders or impedes any following play being made on a runner. Such runner shall&#xA;be declared out for the interference of his teammate; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If the batter or a runner continues to advance after he has been put&#xA;out, he shall not by that act alone be considered as confusing,&#xA;hindering or impeding the fielders.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation you describe, according to the MLB Official rules, the runner cannot be considered an interference on that alone. It does, however, fall to the responsibility of the Umpire to determine when play should be stopped for any reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T14:26:53.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5609" CreationDate="2014-08-27T16:44:38.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner that has been put out can continue to run the bases as long as he does not interfere in the play.  It is up to the defense to know that he is out and forget about him.  As rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/runner_7.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 7.09 d)&lt;/a&gt; states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Comment: If the batter or a runner continues to advance after he has&#xA;  been put out, he shall not by that act alone be considered as&#xA;  confusing, hindering or impeding the fielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Paul states, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/ball_in_play_5.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 5&lt;/a&gt; the umpire will put the ball into play and stop the play.  However with runners on base and continuing to advance there would be no situation where the umpire would stop the play.  The only way the play would be stopped is if the defense was in complete control of the baseball and the runners on base.  Meaning the runners are not advancing or trying to advance.  Usually in this situation the defense would then ask for time to be called unless the umpire calls time to change balls, clean home plate, etc.  If the defense does not call time, the play may remain live through the next pitch/play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation is the same for high school (NFHS) and NCAA.  I am not sure how it would apply to lower levels.  It is a classic example of the defense throwing the ball around and not being aware of the situation.  The offense should not and will not be penalized for that (under correct enforcement of the rules).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player that is put out at second base interferes with the play according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/runner_7.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 7&lt;/a&gt; then the play will be stopped and the correct punishment will be enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that if the player is put out, continues to the next base and the defense tries to put him out again, if the player is struck with a throw it is not interference so long as he does not make an attempt to get hit.  It is the defensive responsibility to leave that runner alone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T16:44:38.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5607" CreationDate="2014-08-27T17:37:49.760" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand this question correctly you would like three brackets of five and one bracket of six.  With the winner of each bracket having a spot in the semi finals.  Here is what it looks like: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/pdfbrackets/21teamsingle.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;21 Team Tournament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the teams are ranked 1-21 then it should be easy to find the pairings.  If the teams are not ranked, then draw names out of a hat for the tournament slots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The individual 5 team brackets will look like this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/5seeded.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 Team Seeded&#xA;Bracket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The individual 6 team brackets will look like this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/6seeded.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;6 Team Seeded Bracket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if you have them seeded you would want the four highest seeds to have the possibility of meeting up in the two semi final games.  Using the PDF for the 21 team tournament the match ups should be (the number corresponds to the game number on the sheet):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; 1. 16 vs 17 &#xA; 2. 13 vs 20&#xA; 3. 12 vs 21&#xA; 4. 15 vs 18&#xA; 5. 14 vs 19 &#xA; 6. 8 vs 9&#xA; 7. 7 vs 10&#xA; 8. 6 vs 11&#xA; 9. 1 vs winner of game 1&#xA; 10. 5 vs winner of game 2&#xA; 11. 4 vs winner of game 3&#xA; 12. 2 vs winner of game 4&#xA; 13. 3 vs winner of game 5&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there on out the winners will play according to the bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T17:37:49.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5349" CreationDate="2014-08-27T17:52:27.430" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a soccer fan, I'd like to believe it has something to do with national culture or identity but given the small sample set and the increasing internationalization of soccer, it probably is just random. There are some strategies and techniques that do better than others though. Long run-ups to the ball are better than short. As a goalie, standing still and guarding the middle of the net is statistically better than guessing one side and diving. Practicing shoot-outs a lot between games is better than ignoring them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T17:52:27.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5320" CreationDate="2014-08-27T17:55:56.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is a push to get rid of the ball quickly.  Due to the reasons you stated.  However there are successful QB's that have slower release times than the league average.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.denverpost.com/broncos/ci_24588578/quick-draw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article talks about the recent stats in which Peyton Manning and Tom Brady release the ball quickly&lt;/a&gt;.  I think that translate to success, but there are players that hold the ball longer that have success too.  I think it partly has to do with running or scrambling ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quarterback that scrambles around for a few seconds and then throws the ball, and does this multiple times a game will increase his average release time.  Even though on other plays he might get rid of the ball as quick as some of the quickest guys.  Players like Peyton Manning and Tom Brady do not use their legs at all, even to bide time.  If they don't get rid of the ball quickly, then they wont be able to extend the play.  Players like Aaron Rodgers and Drew Brees are not necessarily on the same level as RGIII, Cam Netwon, Colin Kapernick, etc., but they can use their legs to extend the pocket or extend the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly you have to consider the team as a whole.  Can the quarterback and his receivers pick up the defense preplay and decide where the ball is going?  Once they decide this can the still be on time?  There are a lot of factors that go into it.  I think along with ability to run and scramble there is experience and the team you have around you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T17:55:56.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3088" CreationDate="2014-08-27T18:10:38.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference in the 4-3 and 3-4 defenses are the gap responsibilities.  There are also many variations of each defense.  The Eagles were known to run a variation of the 4-3 under Andy Reid called the &quot;wide 9&quot; referring to the 9 gap the players would line up on.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the 3-4 the defense ends have to be able to stop the run as well as rush the passer.  The reason is that they control most of the middle of the field along with the two inside linebackers. Usually one outside linebacker will rush the passer and the other will be responsible in coverage (zone or man).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 4-3 defense, the defense ends have less run stopping responsibility and more pass rushing responsibility.  The 2 defensive tackles and usually 1 or two of the linebackers will be responsible for the run depending on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, players will be lined up and responsible for certain gaps.  In the 4-3 defensive ends have the wide gaps, where in a 3-4 linebackers have the wide gaps (with wide 9 being more like a 3-4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a good article that covers the gaps and responsibilities more, the link is at the bottom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the main idea is that offense and defense will continue to evolve and players will fit differently in different schemes.  The 3-4 linebacker may fit in as a 4-3 end or a 4-3 linebacker and vice versa.  Depends on the player and the scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1289011-showcasing-the-biggest-differences-in-the-4-3-and-3-4-pass-rush&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4-3 vs 3-4 pass rush&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T18:10:38.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5603" CreationDate="2014-08-27T20:21:07.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, It is possible to play in an ITF Junior event after having already obtained an ATP or WTA ranking. However, I believe it is your junior ranking that is taken into consideration before your ATP or WTA ranking. See the section titled &quot;ITF Entry Regulations&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/About-USTA/Player-Development/Player-Services/ITF-Junior-Rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Rule 46 of the ITF Junior Circuit Regulations also spells it out in a little more detail if you want to read about the &quot;Criteria for Acceptances&quot; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/163398/163398.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this PDF&lt;/a&gt; (page 14 of the PDF, or overall page 21) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-08-27T20:28:13.920" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T20:28:13.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5618" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5621" CreationDate="2014-08-28T10:58:26.603" Score="4" ViewCount="22633" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to teach dodgeball to some children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to throw a ball efficiently?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What you have to pay attention to and what are common mistakes?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6249" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T13:15:46.987" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T16:42:44.600" Title="Dodgeball: How to throw a ball efficiently?" Tags="|technique|coaching|dodgeball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5619" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-08-28T13:16:00.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dodgeball is an agility-based ball game similar to various forms of tag, though using the fairly unique mechanism of hitting players with a ball to tag them. The game's rules are fairly easy to teach, the equipment is cheap and it can be played in any enclosed space that can withstand hits from thrown balls, which make it a common game for grade-schoolers during physical education class or recess, but the game is also played by adults up to and including international levels of competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the most common form of the game, players form two teams of equal number and are placed on opposite sides of a gymnasium, indoor basketball court, racquetball court or similar, within which are a number of the eponymous dodgeballs. While a standardized spec for a &quot;dodgeball&quot; exists (it's similar to an indoor court volleyball in size and exterior covering, but made of foam instead of a skinned bladder), a wide variety of balls are used in informal and grade-school games, including volleyballs and soccer balls. The most common ball used in schoolyard games is the general purpose &quot;playground ball&quot;, a thick-skinned, textured inflatable rubber ball of varying size used for a variety of games. The number of them also varies considerably; there should typically be an odd number, so one team will have an extra ball at any time, and there should be one ball for at least half the total players but not enough for everyone to have one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The objective of both teams is to eliminate all opposing players from the game, either by hitting the other player with a direct throw, catching a throw from that player, or forcing the player to move out of bounds to dodge a throw. Typically the throw must leave the player's hands and contact some part of the other player's body; if the ball bounces off the ground, ceiling or a wall, it doesn't count (though a ball that bounces off one player into another, if not caught, will eliminate both players). Players can also use a ball in their hands to block a throw, as the ball isn't considered part of the player, but if a throw dislodges the ball a player is holding, that's usually considered an out. A player who catches a ball thrown by an opponent not only eliminates the opponent, but also &quot;resurrects&quot; the player who has been out the longest, meaning that catching the ball instead of merely dodging it, while risky for the player attempting it, has greater rewards for the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In grade-school games, players that are out commonly fill a rotating bench; eliminated players sit down on one end, and everyone scoots down a spot, with players who run out of bench on the other side returning to the game. In this way, the game can take the entire class with no winner or loser. More competitive settings are played with only a catch triggering a re-entry, with the team who can successfully eliminate all opponents winning a point for their side, and points tallied until time expires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other variations are more free-form, and the idea of using playground balls to tag out other players can be applied to other playground games including jail tag or capture the flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Schoolyard and P.E. versions of the game are often criticized as a sanctioned form of bullying; the game's nature encourages players to target weaker members of the other team and to throw the balls as hard as possible to avoid the opponent dodging or catching the throw. Many U.S. school districts have banned the game from elementary schools due to publicized injuries ranging from fat or bloody lips to broken noses and even concussions. Proponents say the game is no more injurious than many other schoolyard games or other activities involving running and incidental collisions between kids, that a &quot;headshot&quot; (a direct throw that hits the face or head), by the basic rules of the game, results in the thrower being eliminated, and that gym teachers or recess attendants who think a child is intending to injure a classmate in any way should remove the child from the game entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the game is primarily a schoolyard and phys-ed phenomenon, the game is known to be played by adults with varying degrees of seriousness. There is even a professional league in the United States, the National Dodgeball League, consisting of 24 teams in two conferences. The NDL also hosts amateur tournaments involving adult teams from around the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T15:07:05.710" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T15:07:05.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5620" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-08-28T13:16:00.457" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of dodgeball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T13:16:00.457" LastActivityDate="2014-08-28T13:16:00.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5618" CreationDate="2014-08-28T14:10:12.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think any time you teach throwing to children you should try and make it simple and understandable.  Some good teaching points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Feet shoulder-width apart.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your lead shoulder should be facing your target.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With the ball in your throwing hand, make a &quot;T&quot; with your arms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The lead arm should now be pointing at the target.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Step with your lead foot and let it fly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the body during the actual throw, there are many different ways people throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To begin the motion of the throw, your lead elbow should come into your side as you begin to rotate your torso.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your throwing arm should bend to about 90 degrees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The elbow of the throwing arm should lead the hand/ball to the target.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At release the hand will begin to lead instead of the elbow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Follow through with the throwing hand/arm ending up by/past the lead leg's knee.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing will come natural for some and not so much for others.  Everyone throws slightly different.  With kids, make it fun and practice it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common mistakes I can think of are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stepping with the wrong foot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing with a straight arm.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing with a stiff body.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not following through.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trying to make it robotic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-08-28T14:10:12.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5622" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5627" CreationDate="2014-08-28T15:27:16.950" Score="9" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;This weekend I'll be running my first marathon. &lt;strong&gt;So, what comes next?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know I shouldn't stop running (and don't want to).&#xA;I followed a very detailed training plan, but haven't found a &lt;em&gt;post-race&lt;/em&gt; plan.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Is there such thing as a post-race plan?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I know I'll run 3k/2mi (as slow as I feel comfortable) the day after the race, but that's all I got.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more specific questions would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it too much if I run a half-marathon one week later?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should I still do long-runs every weekend? &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What distance should I go for?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How long should I try to recover before signing up for my next marathon?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1275" LastEditorUserId="1275" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T15:54:26.507" LastActivityDate="2015-02-08T22:17:23.187" Title="Finished first Marathon training. Now what?" Tags="|running|training|marathon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:28:52.437" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5628" CreationDate="2014-08-28T19:02:03.267" Score="5" ViewCount="765" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2177522-manziel-gone-how-will-kenny-hill-handle-south-carolinas-defense-week-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a Bleacher Report video&lt;/a&gt;.  In the video breaking down the TAMU-SC opener game, the narrator said, &quot;Thanks to the abundance of linebacking talent, [SC] are looking to move to more of a 3-4 than their traditional 4-2-5.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the 3-4, but in looking at the 4-2-5 defense online, I can't make heads or tails out of why a defense would be called 4-2-5.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus points for anyone who can explain this defensive numbering system in a way so that the concept can be applied to other formations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6287" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T21:43:48.180" LastActivityDate="2014-10-25T05:46:22.770" Title="Why is a 4-2-5 defense named as such?" Tags="|american-football|formations|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5623" CreationDate="2014-08-28T19:16:24.377" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally in defensive formations they are listed &quot;downline men - linebackers - defensive backs*&quot; (*defensive backs are not usually listed, 4-2-5 is an exception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in 4-2-5, you have 4 down linemen, 2 linebackers and 5 defensive backs in this setup. This is a setup where you are expecting the pass, and have confidence in your linemen to get pressure on the quarter back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 4-2-5 is mostly regularly played in college where spread offenses are very common and you need more defensive backs to combat the prolific passing game. However, on long third down situations, this is also a fairly common defense in pro football. For instance, one version of this formation is the one you will hear referred to as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_defense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Nickel Package.&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, in which you have 3 corner backs and 2 safeties. However, there are other version of this defense played in the NFL where you will have 3 safeties and 2 corners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be viable as an every down defense in college it is relegated to situational football in pro defenses in favor of more traditional 3-4 or 4-3 setups. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-08-28T19:46:24.870" LastActivityDate="2014-08-28T19:46:24.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5626" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5632" CreationDate="2014-08-29T13:38:19.083" Score="3" ViewCount="3084" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, the person with the serve has a clear advantage. This is is certainly true at love-love, where four points are needed to win a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A server who lets the game go to &quot;deuce&quot; has squandered part of that advantage. From that point, two (consecutive) points are needed to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do tournament (or other) statistics have to say about the server's advantage from &quot;deuce&quot; as opposed to from love?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And do the statistics say that the receiver is actually favored to win the set, starting from an &quot;ad&quot; (advantage)? From this point, the receiver need to win only one game, while the server needs (at least) three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-08-29T17:28:25.227" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T14:30:00.823" Title="In tennis, how much is the server's advantage diminished if the game goes to &quot;deuce?&quot;" Tags="|tennis|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5622" CreationDate="2014-08-29T14:14:02.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hal Higdon has a ton of training plans.  Here's his one for multiple marathons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.halhigdon.com/training/51153/Marathon-Multiple-Marathons-Training-Program&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.halhigdon.com/training/51153/Marathon-Multiple-Marathons-Training-Program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific answers to your questions is to do what you want while listening to your body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Higdon's plan for two marathons two weeks apart has a 1 -2 hour run on the weekend in between.  That could be an half-marathon.  It's hard to tell before your marathon if your body will feel up to a Half a week later, but if it is, a Half sounds like fun.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have time to keep up with the long runs while still doing shorter runs in the week, I would recommend keeping up with them.  You don't want to be doing 2 -3 hour runs on the weekends and nothing during the week.  And then when you sign up for your next marathon, you're not starting from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll want to sign up for your next marathon about an hour or two after you cross the finish line.  Go for it.  Read the multiple marathon training plan and work out a schedule using it as a guide.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T14:14:02.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5623" CreationDate="2014-08-29T15:10:23.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the defense, there are three zones: the line (ends and tackles), behind the line (linebackers) and the backfield (cornerbacks and safetys.) The x-y-z defenese refers to the &#xA;number of men on the line, linebackers and backfield respectively, that is 4-2-5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The confusion arises from the fact that the &quot;3-4&quot; defense is really the 3-4-(4), and likewise the &quot;4-3&quot; is really the 4-3-(4).That is to say the the &quot;4&quot; is omitted in the above defensive descriptions because that is a normal number of backfielders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 4-2-5 is written out as such because 5 is an unusual number of backfielders. This formation is used in college football against a &quot;passing&quot; team, and in &quot;pro&quot; football in &quot;sure&quot; (e.g. third and long) passing situations. The defense is saying that they don't mind giving up say, a five yard run in order to stop the pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were a bunch of older formations, such as the 6-2-3, or the 5-3-3, until these line-oriented defenses got beaten by passes. The only thing they have in common is that x+y+z all add up to 11, the number of players each team has on the football field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T15:10:23.257" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5634" CreationDate="2014-08-29T15:31:14.273" Score="5" ViewCount="4268" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, America's &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bryan_brothers&quot;&gt;Bryan Brothers&lt;/a&gt; excel at doubles tennis. Yet neither of them are recognized singles champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they communicate/co-ordinate better than other doubles pairs? Are there other skills that help them excel at doubles that aren't relevant to singles? Might growing up as (twin) brothers help them in this regard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-09-18T01:25:46.173" Title="Are different skill sets required to excel at doubles, rather than singles tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5630" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-29T17:26:39.273" Score="5" ViewCount="574" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose you're down a couple break points in a set, so you have no reasonable chance of winning it. You are serving in what would be the sixth (and set) game for your opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you win the game, your opponent will have to serve for the sixth game, and you get to go onto to the next set with the serve. If you lose, your opponent serves first in the next set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, I've seen top players even at the grand slam events tacitly concede that sixth game, while on serve. Apparently they want to get to the next set. But why would they do this? If the server has the advantage, why not try to take advantage of this for a (relatively) easy win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, if you're down 5-1, with the opponent on serve, might it make sense to concede the game on the &lt;strong&gt;opponent's&lt;/strong&gt; serve to get to the next set with you on serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T19:18:54.390" Title="Is it worth fighting to hold serve in a losing set?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5606" CreationDate="2014-08-29T18:14:24.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading the Q&amp;amp;A Sheet. I did some more research and watched a couple youtube reviews. The youtube video does confirm the intent of ITTF: slowing down the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mainly this one: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0-ogajfDqI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0-ogajfDqI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some key aspects they highlighted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball is heavier&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sound of ball is different. Sounds almost like a broken ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Takes more effort on loops from a distance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="75" LastEditDate="2014-10-27T21:28:21.010" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T21:28:21.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5626" CreationDate="2014-08-29T19:10:37.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You reference certain statistics in your question and sadly, these types of stats don't exist for professional tennis to my knowledge. It would be really awesome if they did, though because they could answer some interesting questions like that one you pose here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having played a lot of tennis myself and having watched hundreds of matches on television, I would say the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.) When the game reaches deuce, the server has some additional pressure on them because their opponent has demonstrated the ability to win as many points from their serve as they have. It also adds an element of pressure mentally if the player starts having thoughts like &quot;if I lose this next point it will be break point. Don't screw this up!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.) Typically a player that has more of their service games reach deuce has to save more break points, and from stats that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; exist, I can tell you that in most matches, the player that has to save more break points usually loses the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.) When the player serving is playing &quot;from behind&quot; (meaning their opponent served first in the current set being played) - there is more pressure on that player to hold serve because if their serve gets broken by their opponent and then their opponent holds serve again, they will be trailing by 3 games. e.g. Their opponent holds for 1-0 lead, they get broken to go down 0-2, then their opponent holds again to go up 3-0. So a single break of serve can lead to a 3 game deficit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully this helps - let me know if you are looking for clarification on anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T17:38:05.947" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T17:38:05.947" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5630" CreationDate="2014-08-29T19:18:54.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is definitely some element of energy conservation that some players think about and so they don't put forth much effort in trying to stay in a losing set. They would rather just move on to the next set and mentally &quot;reset&quot; and focus on trying to improve their game in the next set instead of spending that energy (both physical and mental) on a somewhat lost cause of a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you stated, it is advantageous to start serving the next set so it is the most ideal situation for a player to make his opponent hold serve to end a set, so they can serve first in the next set and play from the lead, so to speak. However, sometimes they don't even care to force their opponent to serve out the set. It depends on the match and the players involved. Competitiveness and attitudes vary widely even among the pro ranks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T19:18:54.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5629" CreationDate="2014-08-29T19:38:40.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are definitely different &lt;em&gt;strategies&lt;/em&gt; involved in doubles (of course) but the skill sets don't vary that much between doubles and singles. In both cases you need to serve well, volley well, return well, etc. In singles, players generally come to net only when it's advantageous to do so (to finish a point after hitting an approach shot for example) whereas in doubles one player is at the net before the point even starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The return of serve matters a little more in doubles because you generally need to keep the ball low and return cross court, otherwise the man at the net on the opposing team can easily poach the return and hit a volley winner - so a weak return won't help your chances at winning return points/games much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The big difference between the singles and doubles game is movement and court coverage. Singles players have to cover the entire court themselves, while doubles players really only have to cover half the court. So singles players have to run more and are generally in a little better condition than doubles players but that's just a generalization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in the case of top doubles teams like the Bryan brothers, the skills they have developed and work on most are specific to doubles (like moving and covering the court together in tandem, quick volley reflexes, etc.) and since they don't focus on or play singles, they don't have the same level of skill in singles. They're still probably as good as any top 500 ranked singles player in the world but most players in the top 50 to 100 would beat them 9 times out of 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the top singles players can play doubles pretty well (look at Jack Sock and Vasek Pospisil who teamed up for the first time and won Wimbledon this summer for example) because they've played enough doubles to know how the strategies differ from singles and all of the serve, return and volley skills are already there from their singles game. I think the biggest hurdle for doubles &quot;specialists&quot; would be adjusting to covering the entire court themselves and having to adjust their shot selection and strategy accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-09-18T01:25:46.173" LastActivityDate="2016-09-18T01:25:46.173" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3088" CreationDate="2014-08-29T19:46:10.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most defenses match their lineups to the offensive team. Instead of having a left outside linebacker and a right outside linebacker in a 3-4 defense, most teams have a strong-side linebacker and a weak-side linebacker. The strong side linebacker lines up opposite the side of the offensive line with the extra lineman or tight-end. What each defender does on a given play is also determined reactively from what the offense does but I think it's safe to say that the weak side linebacker blitzes more often than the strong side linebacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T19:46:10.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5819" CreationDate="2014-08-29T21:03:42.443" Score="13" ViewCount="1834" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can a journalist find so much information and statistics about athletes during the competition, in sports like tennis/athletics/swimming in World Champions or the Olympic Games or other events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the media coverage of sport events journalists tell about records, history, anecdotes and trivia about athletes and events. I do not think that the memory be the only source of knowledge especially for journalists who tell different sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think journalists can access a database of some kind, and I would like to know if that information is also available for &quot;normal&quot; fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-15T07:55:44.817" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T07:55:44.817" Title="How can a journalist know so much information on athletes?" Tags="|history|statistics|olympics|international-sports|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5599" CreationDate="2014-08-30T00:46:40.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The call on the field was that the ball rebounded from the Oakland defender, and was caught before it hit the ground by Franco Harris, making it a legal reception and a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those facts, and whether the entire city of Pittsburgh ought to be burned to the ground have been debated by Raiders fans ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T00:46:40.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5599" CreationDate="2014-08-30T01:17:32.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh I know this one!  My first cousin, Fred Swearingen #21 was the referee.  The best answer is by the off-field official, Art McNally IN USA TODAY below.  It wasn't my cousin's best call.  But it was LEGAL!  Fred had called a conference to debate the &quot;double-touch&quot; rule. Steelers' QB Bradshaw threw a pass which caromed off Pittsburgh running back Frenchie Fuqua, then hit Oakland Raiders' defensive back Jack Tatum, then scooped up by Pittsburgh's Franco Harris.  LEGAL TOUCHDOWN!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2012/12/18/art-mcnally-recalls-immaculate-reception-40-years-later-denies-looking-at-the-replay/1778279/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2012/12/18/art-mcnally-recalls-immaculate-reception-40-years-later-denies-looking-at-the-replay/1778279/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fred had ANOTHER controversial call also involving the Steelers and Lynn Swann in Super Bowl XIII.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6288" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T01:17:32.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="692" CreationDate="2014-08-30T01:27:29.233" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Palming&quot; the ball is illegal...but no ref will call it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players like Junior Bridgeman and Darrel Griffith had hands so small that the only way they could dunk the ball was to &quot;carry it&quot; on their upturned palms then turn their hand over once they got to the rim.  Griff was called Dr. Dunkenstein when he was still at Lousiville as he dunked the ball consistently.  I knew Griff in Utah and we measured hands...my fingers were at least 3 inches longer than his!  Remarkable!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yeah..&quot;dribbling the ball is illegal&quot; as it requires one to carry or palm the ball.  But then traveling and 3 seconds in the lane, rolling picks, any foul by MJ was NEVER called either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6288" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T01:27:29.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5549" CreationDate="2014-08-31T15:31:38.510" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simplest solution is to go for a strict force-a-side defense. There's at least some chance the defender can watch both the disc at the current handler and keep track of Bob's actions in the corner of the eye. If the marker on the handler enforces one closed side, the defender can put himself clearly on the open side and watch both. Of course, there's no ideal world, and no side is always 100% closed, and there's overheads and hammers and such. But it does work rather well, especially if the team is trained well in forcing a side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A system my team once played is rather hard to do: We called it the &quot;buddy system&quot;: Every player on the field has a buddy on the outside. Before the game the team agrees on active players either watching the handlers or watching the respective marked offense player. Let's say for example the team agrees to always watch the handler. Then each buddy on the sideline watches the marked offense player and shouts his direction of movement to his active player on the field. There are several points to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The active players on the field must trust their buddies and must keep the eyes on the disc to not miss the throw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They must trust that their buddies shout correct instructions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They must listen to their buddies.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In turn, the buddies must shout correct directions (&quot;left&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;fore&quot;, &quot;back&quot; or similar) and they must modulate their voice to the urgency/speed/speed change of the marked player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The buddy pairs of active and sideline player must know the voices of each other well. Obviously there's no point if there's no 100% understanding.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The result is a cacophony of voices at the match which can be quite intimidating. Some teams may consider this foul play because they mistake this system for an aggressiveness. The point really is that there's no possibility for any kind of trick play such as the &quot;iso bob&quot; mentioned in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imho iso plays will always be popular, but they cannot be used to win a game. It's one of those tricks an experienced, competitive team should have up their sleeves and pull out of the hat once in a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I'm a geezer now, too ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T15:31:38.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-31T19:17:58.790" Score="2" ViewCount="3838" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stan Wawrinka got a &quot;walkover&quot; in the third round of the U.S. open when his opponent had to withdraw from the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We're not talking about a situation where a player was, say, injured mid-match, but one where the opponent withdrew beforehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why allow such a &quot;bye?&quot; Why not have aystem of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/540/how-do-tennis-players-get-into-tournaments?rq=1&quot;&gt;&quot;lucky losers&quot;&lt;/a&gt; thatgive the last (defeated) opponent of Wawrinka's opponent the opportunity to face Wawrinka in the third round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would give defeated players an incentive to hang around for one more round, for the chance to be a &quot;runner up&quot; in case the winner can't go on. Also, it would mean that someone wouldn't get a &quot;free pass&quot; that would put him or her at an &quot;unfair&quot; advantage against other tournament competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T00:06:40.547" Title="Why are &quot;walkovers&quot; allowed in tennis tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5641" CreationDate="2014-09-01T07:04:58.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why allow such a &quot;bye?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because it's not really a &lt;em&gt;bye&lt;/em&gt; per se. A &quot;Bye&quot; is awarded to a certain level of seeded player to allow them to advance automatically to the second round of a tournament by virtue of them having attained such a high ranking. By definition, once the tournament begins, no more byes can be awarded, only walkovers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why not have a system of &quot;lucky losers&quot; that gives the last (defeated)&#xA;  opponent of Wawrinka's opponent the opportunity to face Wawrinka in&#xA;  the third round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with that logic is, the previously defeated opponent of Wawrinka's scheduled opponent has &lt;strong&gt;already lost&lt;/strong&gt; in a single elimination tournament. So they have been eliminated from the tournament. Would it be fair to force Wawrinka to play this &quot;lucky loser&quot; opponent if Wawrinka somehow got injured or severely fatigued during that match? Definitely not. And what if the player that withdraws only made it to that round of the tournament because &lt;em&gt;their&lt;/em&gt; previous opponent withdrew as well? Then who would you advance - the loser of the match two rounds prior? You could technically have first round losers being asked to wait around for 1 or 2 weeks to see if a chain of walkovers somehow advances them to the final. It's just not really feasible since many early-round losers catch the soonest flight out of there so they can try to play another tournament the following week. Not to mention the expenses of hanging around in hotels for the player, maybe their coach, their trainer, etc. Who would pick up those expenses - the already cash-poor tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This would give defeated players an incentive to hang around for one&#xA;  more round, for the chance to be a &quot;runner up&quot; in case the winner&#xA;  can't go on. Also, it would mean that someone wouldn't get a &quot;free&#xA;  pass&quot; that would put him or her at an &quot;unfair&quot; advantage against other&#xA;  tournament competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just by hanging around another day or two, players could end up incurring expenses that are more than the extra prize money they would earn by &quot;getting lucky&quot; in the case you describe. It wouldn't be worth the risk for many players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm also not sure how much of an unfair advantage it is - I've seen players lose in their match following a walkover because they felt a little rusty or unprepared because of not playing a match in 3 or 4 days. It can cut both ways. It's not automatically an advantage for some players as much as it may seem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-09-02T00:06:40.547" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T00:06:40.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5645" CreationDate="2014-09-01T11:35:25.420" Score="0" ViewCount="1236" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know from coaching perspective, is it good to shuffle after the ball lands on the pitch?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For right hand batsman - it's moving the right leg to reach the ball and for left hand batsman it's left leg. I was told that it's not a good technique. I have found that one could reach the pitch of the ball by shuffling keeping the head still than fishing the ball. It also depends on the reach of the batsman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6301" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T14:28:56.830" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T14:28:56.830" Title="Is it a good technique or a bad technique to shuffle while batting?" Tags="|cricket|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5644" CreationDate="2014-09-01T11:57:31.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what you mean by &quot;shuffling&quot;, but it's standard technique to move according to where the ball is delivered to. Keeping the head still is vital to pick up the line of the ball, then movement to get into that line and allow you play the most appropriate shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard coaching manual will suggest that the first movement should be with the back foot, and this should be across the stumps and backwards. This is used by a lot of batsmen, but by no means all. Even in international cricket there are a huge range of styles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T11:57:31.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5649" CreationDate="2014-09-01T13:01:37.740" Score="2" ViewCount="3530" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently at a single-A baseball game, and I'm not a great judge of distance, but I wasn't sure that the bases were a whole 90 feet apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How far apart are the bases in the minor leagues, and also Little League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T04:01:33.700" Title="How far apart are the bases in non-major league games?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4599" CreationDate="2014-09-01T19:00:54.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's practically impossible. I don't think one could find a perfect wave with a perfect running tube big enough to cover your rig. Besides that a windsurfer won't be able to control velocity, balance and projection (critical for that insane tube riding) inside a huge tube like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6303" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T19:00:54.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2638" CreationDate="2014-09-01T19:43:36.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;All modern surfing contests are based on the &lt;strong&gt;Heat&lt;/strong&gt; concept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;Heat&lt;/strong&gt; is basically a competition on water between surfers to determine who surfed better. Heats have a fixed period of time. Two up to four surfers may compete in a Heat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each surfed wave, each judge gives a single score between 0-10. The mean of all judge scores is assigned as the &lt;strong&gt;wave score&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the heat, the top 2 waves scores of each surfer are summed up and compared between the others. The surfer with the better total score wins the heat (&quot;not winners&quot; are not necessarily eliminated from the contest).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surfing contests generally use backets of Heats to determine the winner of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6303" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T19:43:36.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5646" CreationDate="2014-09-02T04:01:33.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;Official Rules&lt;/a&gt; of Major League Baseball state that base paths are 90 feet long.  In addition, the Official Rules state the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This code of rules governs the playing of baseball games by professional teams of Major League Baseball and the leagues that are members of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/National_Association_of_Professional_Baseball_Leagues&quot;&gt;National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues&lt;/a&gt; is the umbrella organization for the minor leagues, and in 1999 the organization changed its name to Minor League Baseball.  Since Minor League Baseball is governed by the same rules as Major League Baseball, the minor leagues have 90 foot base paths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Little League baseball, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.littleleague.org/leagueofficers/fieldspecs.htm&quot;&gt;length of the base paths&lt;/a&gt; varies depending on the age of the players and local preferences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Generally, the distance between base paths on fields for 12-year-olds and below in baseball and in all divisions of softball is 60 feet. A local Little League board of directors may opt to use a 50-foot diamond in the Tee Ball divisions. The distance in all divisions of baseball for 13-year-olds,    is up to 90 feet, with a local league option to shorten the distance to 75 feet for Junior League Baseball and 70 feet for Intermediate (50/70) Baseball Division for regular season play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T04:01:33.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5650" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-02T08:53:41.483" Score="2" ViewCount="3291" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose a batsman comes out of the crease and tries to hit the ball and loses grip on the bat and the bat flies and the batsman is outside the crease? Is this out? If yes, who gets the wicket? Has this ever happened in international cricket? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6301" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-09T21:29:07.963" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T21:29:07.963" Title="If the bat slips from the batsman's hand while he/she is outside the crease then is the batsman out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5650" CreationDate="2014-09-02T13:39:03.883" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on your comments, nothing happens. The ball goes dead, he walks out and gets the bat, and the next ball is bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply losing control of the bat does not cause a dismissal. And even if the ball hits the bat in the air and flies to a fielder, he is not out, as he needs to be holding the bat for it to be a dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T13:39:03.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5655" CreationDate="2014-09-02T15:25:42.750" Score="5" ViewCount="730" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a set of new golf clubs and get them fitted to me. I am looking at the TaylorMade &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B001LD28NM&quot;&gt;Burner Plus iron set&lt;/a&gt;, with a steel, stiff-flexed shaft (my driver swing speed averages 115 mph and have had consistent advice to go with stiff-flexed shafts). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the benefits of a golf club fitting?&lt;/strong&gt; Would it be more beneficial to buy the set of clubs I'm looking at and get them fitted or have a shop recommend clubs for me to purchase then get them fitted in-house?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T19:05:17.950" Title="What are the benefits of a golf club fitting?" Tags="|golf|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5654" CreationDate="2014-09-02T15:46:44.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is a good idea to get clubs fitted.  It shouldn't matter where you buy them unless you want to get clubs fully designed for your game.  It really depends on how well you play, how much you want your clubs to fit your game, and how much money you are willing to spend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf club fitting is beneficial because the shaft will be cut to the right height.  It would be rare to see them come right out of the box and fit someone.  Depending on your height, arm length, knee bend, etc.  There are a lot of factors that go into a swing, and a club that is the right length will really improve your game, especially the consistency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a talented golfer I would look for a blade style iron head.  These will take a few yards off of each club, but allow for you work the ball a lot more.  If you are a good golfer these are highly recommended.  If you are an average golfer then I think the clubs you have picked out would be right.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going into a shop, they will fit you for clubs and shafts based on your swing speed and your ability to hit it consistently.  There are many sets that will be forgiving, but not be ideal for a good golfer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you should be looking for extra stiff shafts with your driver swing speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfsmith.com/display?page=ps_buyersguide_irons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Link with some explaining&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T15:46:44.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5657" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-03T01:58:17.083" Score="3" ViewCount="2863" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, the winner of the coin toss can elect to &quot;receive&quot; or &quot;defer.&quot; The advantage of &quot;deferring&quot; is that you get to receive after halftime, meaning that teams will often elect this option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, the winner of the coin toss can elect to serve (or not). Are there any compensating reasons to decline the serve, as in football? Does any world class player routinely do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:20:04.483" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T06:25:41.833" Title="In tennis, is there any advantage to decline the opening serve?" Tags="|tennis|strategy|serve|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5658" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5660" CreationDate="2014-09-03T04:04:30.410" Score="3" ViewCount="2926" Body="&lt;p&gt;When watching soccer on TV I often hear the commentators say stuff like, &quot;They've come out in a 3-5-2, not their usual 4-4-2 in the hopes of ...&quot; or &quot;they've got so-and-so acting as  'false 9' today.&quot; How could I recognize these strategies myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T17:24:05.103" Title="How can I recognize what formation a soccer/association football team is in?" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5657" CreationDate="2014-09-03T04:21:17.650" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player (or doubles team) wins the coin toss the somewhat-standard strategy is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you feel like you have a superior return of serve and have a better chance at breaking your opponents serve than they do breaking yours, elect to receive serve first. I would imagine players like Nadal, Djokovic and Ferrer choose to receive if they win the coin toss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you feel like you have a superior serve and your opponent is going to have a tough time breaking your serve, and you feel like you would mentally benefit from &quot;having the lead&quot; after holding serve and making your opponent feel the pressure of &quot;keeping up&quot; with you in the set, elect to serve first. I would imagine players like Raonic, Isner and Karlovic choose to serve first if they win the coin toss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said all the above, sometimes these strategies go right out the window depending on how the player feels, how the warm-up went or who their opponent is and the player might change their mind &quot;on a whim&quot; and make a certain decision either way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T04:21:17.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5658" CreationDate="2014-09-03T14:54:04.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest way is to watch the pregame show. Usually about 5-10 minutes before kickoff they will show the two teams and their formation on the field. This can also be a good way to familiarize yourself with different players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you miss the pregame show and are just watching the run of play, it can be tougher, but still possible. Formations are always described defense-to-offense (excepting the goalkeeper). So a 4-4-2 means 4 defensive players, 4 midfielders and 2 attackers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of defenders and the number of attackers are usually the easiest to identify. Look for the defense to hold an offside line and see how many there are to get an estimate of the defensive line. When the ball is back in the defensive half, see how many players are staying up near the midfield line to get the number of attackers. Subtract those two from 10 and you'll get the number of midfielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not completely accurate, as people will play where needed during the normal run of play, but it will at least get you an idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondarily, you should also pay attention to the style of play and who's passing to who. If a team has a lot of possession, you can usually tell who is playing in the same line by where the passes are going. If player A and B send a lot of passes laterally to each other, and sometimes backwards to player C, then A and B are probably midfielders and C is probably a defender. Again, not 100% accurate, but can give you an idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last thing to do is familiarize yourself with some common formations and how they are different from one another. For example, a 4-5-1 can look very similar to a 4-3-3 but the style of play is much more on the attack in a 4-3-3 and more on the counterattack in a 4-5-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a good site that lists a bunch of formations (some common, some not so common) and how they're typically used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1375589-15-tactical-formations-and-what-theyre-good-for&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bleacher Report Article on Formations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T17:31:27.140" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T17:31:27.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5662" CreationDate="2014-09-04T13:49:32.237" Score="3" ViewCount="1482" Body="&lt;p&gt;If unseeded Shuai Peng manages to beat Caroline Wozniacki in the semi-finals of the U.S. Open (unlikely in my opinion), she will face either Serena Williams or Ekaterina Makarova in the finals. And if Peng wins the final, she will be an unseeded woman Grand Slam winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often has that happened in the past? And to whom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-04T17:27:53.823" LastActivityDate="2014-09-04T17:27:53.823" Title="How often has an unseeded woman player gotten to/won the Finals in a Grand Slam tournament?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5661" CreationDate="2014-09-04T14:47:53.853" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Open_Era_Grand_Slam_men&amp;#39;s_singles_finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has a list of the men's singles Grand Slam finals in the Open Era, and it shows the player seedings.  There have been 30 unseeded men's Grand Slam finalists since 1968.  Eight of those players won the final.  There has never been a men's Grand Slam final in the Open Era in which both players were unseeded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Tennis Channel has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennischannel.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?newsid=6590&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; that lists the unseeded women's Grand Slam finalists of the Open Era up to January 2010.  There were 11 unseeded women's Grand Slam finalists between 1968 and the 2010 Australian Open, and 3 of them won the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-09-04T15:17:22.410" LastActivityDate="2014-09-04T15:17:22.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5665" CreationDate="2014-09-04T21:14:51.460" Score="3" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question can be answered for any sport, but the one I understand best is baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Phillies' GM Reuben Amaro made a statement that prospects were overvalued in the marketplace, which is to say his opinion was that too few of them were offered for veteran players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Amaro declined to trade veteran pitcher Cole Hamels to the Los Angeles Dodgers for anything less than their three top prospects, Joc Pederson, Corey Seager, and Julio Urias, NO deal. Maybe a deal could have been done for ONE of those three, plus two lesser prospects&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that prospects are something of &quot;lottery tickets,&quot; and you need  at least two, preferably three of them of the same category to replace the veteran you are giving up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one hidden factor, and that is, by trading a veteran for prospects, you do a salary dump that enables you to hire another veteran, or retain another one (e.g. the Phillies dump Hamels so that they can afford to pay Cliff Lee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning that the Phillies offer of Hamels for the three prospects might have been &quot;fair&quot; if they had been willing to retain Hamels' salary as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So do teams actually manage to directly replace the value of their veterans by trading for prospects? Or is it the salary dump that makes up the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T22:47:39.583" Title="What are the dynamics of trading one veteran for several prospects?" Tags="|baseball|transaction|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5664" CreationDate="2014-09-04T21:51:31.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that it depends, both on the needs of the team and the player involved.  Each sport additionally has its own variables; Baseball has fully guaranteed and very large contracts, and a large prospect body (the minors).  Football has non-guaranteed contracts with large signing bonuses (that don't follow the player, even in the salary cap hit) and no minor league, but players at some positions take years to develop while at other positions only have a few highly productive years.  Basketball has a very small minor league, players who have instant impacts at relatively near their full potential, and guaranteed contracts with a salary cap.  These aspects have a major impact on how trades work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For baseball, some trades are basically dumps (minimal prospects or just 'cash', in exchange for salary relief - Adam Dunn for example), and some trades are for the prospects primarily (David Price, for example).  Some trades are for a mixture of both, as the sending team agrees to pay some salary in exchange for a better prospect.  The needs of the two teams and the prospects available drive that, plus the quality of the player traded.  More value as a player means either more salary relief, or better or more prospect(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The long answer:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For baseball, you can generally think of a player as having two valuations: the cost of the player, and the actual production of the player valued in how much it would cost to replace that production on  the free agent market.  This, obviously, isn't an exact science, and each team likely has its own calculations on value.  Additionally, you consider the productivity of the player he would replace in the lineup (when evaluating a player who will start or play for a winning team); filling a hole that has a negative-value player is obviously more interesting than one where a star already resides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams making trades generally are considering both values together.  A player who costs $10 million and produces at $15 million has $5 million in excess value; a player who costs $10 million and produces at $5 million has negative 5 million dollars in excess value. The former player would likely cost a significant prospect to acquire; the latter player might be traded for very little value (perhaps a minor prospect or two providing organizational depth, or simply for the salary dump).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, you often see combinations: a team will trade a player and pay some of his salary, in exchange for a better prospect (or more prospects).  Small market teams are less likely to be interested in this sort of trade (as the money has significant value); the Rays for example would prefer to trade more salary away, unless they like specific prospects a lot.  The White Sox on the other hand have a relatively weak depth of minor league talent, and while not a top-tier team in terms of income can generally afford higher salaries, and thus are more interested in acquiring talent than solely dumping salary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can look at Fangraphs' Value section to get an idea of how much a player is valued.  Typically, a WAR (win above replacement) is currently valued at around $5 million dollars (although this number varies by year, and generally increases over time).  Let's take Adam Dunn as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=319&amp;amp;position=1B/OF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=319&amp;amp;position=1B/OF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year, he has been rated at 0.4 WAR, which equates to a value of around $2 million.  He might earn another 0.1 the rest of the year, so say 0.5 million dollars from the date of the trade until the end of the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oakland had a significant need at DH for a left handed bat (and for some power), and thus probably valued Dunn at higher than 0.1 WAR for the month; he is replacing essentially a below-replacement bat since Jaso was injured.  They might value him at, say, 0.5 wins for the month, or even 1 win.  Thus, they're willing to pay between 2.5M and 5M for him, in total value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He had a total salary of about 2.3 million remaining for the month (of his $15 million), of which the White Sox paid $1.3 million and the Athletics paid $1 million.  Thus, the Athletics are acquiring a bit of a bargain if they are indeed replacing negative WAR with his slightly positive WAR.  The White Sox are losing very little value (they're out of the race, and didn't really need his bat anyway, as they have too many 1B bats already), so it didn't take much to convince them to give up Dunn: a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/fantasy/the-athletic-adam-dunn/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;former prospect turned reliever with shoulder issues&lt;/a&gt;, as Fangraphs describes it.  Of course, the White Sox have a &lt;a href=&quot;http://scores.espn.go.com/mlb/recap?gameId=320421112&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;history&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=1841&amp;amp;position=P&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;of&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/l/loaizes01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;success&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/contrjo01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rehabilitating&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=3886&amp;amp;position=P&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;prospects&lt;/a&gt; like this thanks to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/69599862/chicago-white-sox-pitching-coach-don-cooper-is-one-of-the-best-in-the-business#!bPPYvt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Don Cooper&lt;/a&gt; plus some luck, so this may also have been a plus from their side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, you can see that in this particular trade, you have one side trading away a relatively small trading chip for a relatively small gain- and the other side taking a small chip and some salary relief.  This is pretty common in these sorts of trades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trades of players with high salaries AND high values, such as Cole Hamels, are harder to accomplish, because the Phillies would expect a good value prospect in return, but aren't really trading a lot of excess value: he is paid $20 million a year, and is worth about $20 million (around 4 WAR).  You have to have a team who's in a very strong 'win now' mode, and has an extra prospect or two to cash in.  This is more likely to happen with a team like the Cubs, for example, who might think they're basically there but have an extra top prospect without a need (they have 3 SS prospects, plus Starlin Castro, so they are worth more as trade chips than they are to the Cubs presently) and a desperate need for good starting pitching; someone like the Tigers or the Yankees probably don't have the depth to make a good trade, and have high salaries already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prospects have significant value in large part from their cost control due to the CBA.  Players for their first 5 (usually) years are very underpaid (see the previous arbitration question for more details); the first two years they're typically paid under a million dollars each year, and even a top player will likely earn a total of $25 million for the 5 year span.  That top player might earn 15 WAR over that span (or more!), thus producing a value of around $70 million for a cost of $25 million.  Obviously, all but the top prospects are risky bets - even a graduated college senior like Carlos Rodon isn't a guaranteed sure thing; as such, that $55 million surplus is valued at something of a discount; but you might see something like $25 million in value from a top prospect, and even a near-replacement level player is worth at least $3-5 million in excess value - just 2 WAR over a six year span would be worth $10 million.  This is how teams like Tampa Bay and Oakland manage to compete without high salaries; they have many 0.5-1 WAR players earning a million or less each, thus producing 10-15 WAR for the team as a whole without significant cost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T14:12:49.000" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T14:12:49.000" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5668" CreationDate="2014-09-05T01:03:14.490" Score="3" ViewCount="2172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quarterbacks are generally considered fragile and prone to injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course some of this is related to the vulnerability related to getting blindsided while they are throwing the ball.  However, this injury concern extends to when they are expecting the hit or running with the ball - to the point that we expect the QB to slide in open field.  During training camp they wear a special jersey to indicate &quot;don't hit me!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to think this was because QB's were smaller, but not so sure.  They are not as built like a linebacker, but they are often bigger the a WR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it that QB's are more prone to injury and carry the stigma of being fragile?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="418" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-05T13:14:47.140" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T13:14:47.140" Title="why are quarterback more prone to injury?" Tags="|american-football|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2014-09-05T02:42:46.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most teams, the quarterback is the most valuable player on the team. The offense is completely built around his abilities. Almost any player on the team is easier to replace than the quarterback. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quarterback holds the ball in every offensive play of every game. As a result, he is a target for tackling on every play, more than any other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that the quarterback is more fragile, it's that he is more valuable, harder to replace, and has more opportunities to get hurt than the other players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T02:42:46.183" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2014-09-05T08:38:55.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quarterbacks are &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; more prone to injury. According to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/sports/nfl-injuries/&quot;&gt;Washington Post Article&lt;/a&gt;, a QB is injured once every 236 plays, while running backs and wide receivers are injured on average every 50-80 plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way to measure the injury chance is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefalcoholic.com/2010/7/7/1467728/which-nfl-position-groups-suffer&quot;&gt;number of players on injured reserve&lt;/a&gt;: which also shows that being QB is one of the safer positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reasons why QBs are not injured as often as other players are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Half the team is actively blocking to protect the QB&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rules restrict how and when the QB can be tackled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The QB usually tries to protect himself, e.g. by sliding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if a quarterback does get injured, the team's fortunes usually suffer. The QB is involved in every offensive play, needs to make critical throws and also make on-field decisions about plays, so an injured quarterback is a major issue for the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T08:38:55.340" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3154" CreationDate="2014-09-05T14:13:15.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;In tennis, having the right to &quot;serve&quot; (put in play) the ball is a decided advantage, so players alternate serves between games, sharing this advantage. Between two almost evenly matched players, whoever serves will win most games, by &quot;holding serve.&quot; But in the typical &quot;set,&quot; the better of the two players will win an occasional game while the other person is serving, a result that is known as &quot;breaking serve.&quot; &lt;strong&gt;[The person whose serve is broken is said to &quot;go down a break.&quot;]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, together with the fact that he or she is serving half the time and (presumably) holds all serves, means that the slightly better player will likely win the set by getting a majority of the games with a score of say, 6-4. If a player both holds serve and breaks serve consistently, the result could be a more lop-sided 6-0 tally that clearly demonstrates who is the better player.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for the boldfaced part in brackets, this tennis analogy was used years ago in a piece of mine on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.financialsensearchive.com/editorials/au/2007/0112.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;stock market.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-09-05T14:36:01.137" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T14:36:01.137" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5671" CreationDate="2014-09-06T15:24:26.200" Score="6" ViewCount="9779" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player intends to score more than one ball in a single shot does he/she need to call all the balls he/she wants to score or just one of them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. I want to score ball 1 and 2 on a single shot, do I need to say I want to score ball 1 on pocket A and ball 2 on pocket B, or can I just call one of them and score both on the same play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6313" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T16:32:49.300" Title="8-ball call shot rules when more than one ball is scored" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5670" CreationDate="2014-09-06T16:32:49.300" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the World Pool-Billiard Association rules of 8-Ball, you only call one ball and one pocket on each shot.  As long as that ball falls into that pocket, your turn continues.  If it does not, your turn ends and your opponent takes over.  Any balls that fall into pockets on your shot stay in the pockets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you intend to pocket two balls in one shot, you only need to call one for your turn to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that there are &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3922/1723&quot;&gt;different rules used for different tournaments&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From WPA Rules of Play, General Rules, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play#1.6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1.6 Standard Call Shot&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.6 Standard Call Shot&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In games in which the shooter is required to call shots, the intended ball and pocket must be indicated for each shot if they are not obvious. Details of the shot, such as cushions struck or other balls contacted or pocketed are irrelevant. &lt;strong&gt;Only one ball may be called on each shot.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  For a called shot to count, the referee must be satisfied that the intended shot was made, so if there is any chance of confusion, e.g. with bank, combination and similar shots, the shooter should indicate the ball and pocket. If the referee or opponent is unsure of the shot to be played, he may ask for a call.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In call shot games, the shooter may choose to call “safety” instead of a ball and pocket, and then play passes to the opponent at the end of the shot. Whether balls are being spotted after safeties depends on the rules of the particular game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From WPA Rules of Play, Eight Ball, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=114&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#3.7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.7 Spotting Balls&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.7 Spotting Balls&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the eight ball is pocketed or driven off the table on the break, it will be spotted or the balls will be re-racked. (See 3.3 Break Shot and 1.4 Spotting Balls.) &lt;strong&gt;No other object ball is ever spotted.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T16:32:49.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5429" CreationDate="2014-09-06T18:46:01.100" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;strong&gt;ICC rules&lt;/strong&gt;, Bouncer is declared when bowler bowls above batman's shoulder height.Because its pretty obvious that if ball is above shoulder height, Batman might be not able to play it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Everytime when bowler bowls above shoulder height, Leg umpier straight away declare it as &lt;strong&gt;NO BALL&lt;/strong&gt; wheather batman hits it or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2163" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T18:46:01.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5381" CreationDate="2014-09-06T18:50:00.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the rules, MoM award is decide by the commentry pannel. There is no specific rule. The player who dominates more to win their side, commentry panel choose that player for MoM award. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are two player who dominated thn its completely upto commentry panel team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2163" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T18:50:00.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5269" CreationDate="2014-09-06T19:00:05.033" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It completely depends :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If any bowler takes 10/5-wicket haul thn they keep that bowl with them as memory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Other reason is completely depends on ball condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. Ball is stored by ICC rules to replace it for some overs in other international event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. If ball condition is not good enough to play thn ball is discarded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2163" LastActivityDate="2014-09-06T19:00:05.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5675" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5677" CreationDate="2014-09-06T19:21:49.763" Score="8" ViewCount="45549" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never understood who serves first, and when it switches, in table tennis.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anyone explain it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T02:41:18.820" LastActivityDate="2023-08-18T03:05:56.300" Title="Who serves when in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5675" CreationDate="2014-09-06T20:43:23.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Table tennis serving rules have changed over the years.  Under the current ITTF rules, the player to serve first is chosen at random, with the winner of the random draw able to choose to serve first or receive first.  Sometimes in casual games, the first serve is chosen by volley, where a &quot;practice&quot; rally is played to determine who serves first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player who is serving changes after a certain number of points are scored.  Under the current ITTF rules, in an 11 point game, the service changes every 2 points.  In the past, when games were played up to 21 points, the service changed every 5 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of how this works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A serves first to Player B.  They each get one point, and the score is 1-1.  The total score is now 2, so it is Player B's turn to serve.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player B gets the next 2 points, and the score is 1-3.  The total score is now 4, and the serve switches back to Player A.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A continues serving until the total score is 6.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an 11 point game, the game must be won by a 2-point lead.  If both players score 10 points, the service switches after every point until the game is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current ITTF rules for order of serving are found in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, section 2.13:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.13      THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND ENDS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.01     The right to choose the initial order of serving, receiving and ends shall be decided by lot and the winner may choose to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.02     When one player or pair has chosen to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end, the other player or pair shall have the other choice.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.03     After each 2 points have been scored the receiving player or pair shall become the serving player or pair and so on until the end of the game, unless both players or pairs score 10 points or the expedite system is in operation, when the sequences of serving and receiving shall be the same but each player shall serve for only 1 point in turn.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.04     In each game of a doubles match, the pair having the right to serve first shall choose which of them will do so and in the first game of a match the receiving pair shall decide which of them will receive first; in subsequent games of the match, the first server having been chosen, the first receiver shall be the player who served to him or her in the preceding game.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.05     In doubles, at each change of service the previous receiver shall become the server and the partner of the previous server shall become the receiver.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.06     The player or pair serving first in a game shall receive first in the next game of the match and in the last possible game of a doubles match the pair due to receive next shall change their order of receiving when first one pair scores 5 points.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.13.07     The player or pair starting at one end in a game shall start at the other end in the next game of the match and in the last possible game of a match the players or pairs shall change ends when first one player or pair scores 5 points.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T15:24:33.953" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T15:24:33.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5681" CreationDate="2014-09-06T21:27:57.423" Score="5" ViewCount="3091" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching an MLB Gameday live lookin today (7/6, NYM@CIN), I noticed Brayan Pena of the Reds batting with a leg brace. He singled, and removed the brace at first brace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why might someone do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T00:30:25.143" Title="Why might a batter wear a leg brace?" Tags="|equipment|baseball|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5680" CreationDate="2014-09-06T23:27:47.180" Score="8" ViewCount="1682" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;runner in scoring position&quot; batting average a meaningful statistic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am simply a casual fan, but here is my logic.  Either one of these universes is reality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) when there are runners in scoring position, a batter changes his approach to ensure that he will get a base hit.  Perhaps he just tries to make contact, forgets about swinging for the fences, etc.  Therefore, &quot;runner in scoring position&quot; batting average is actually an important measure of a batter's ability to drive in runs.  It &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; a better predictor of a batter getting a base hit in a situation where there are runners in scoring position than batting average.  (If that is the case, why not always use this approach to increase the chance of getting on base??)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) a batter is ALWAYS trying to maximize their chance to get on base. &quot;Runner in scoring position&quot; batting average is simply a smaller sample of at bats measure of a batter's batting average.  It is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; a better predictor of a batter getting a base hit in a situation where there are runners in scoring position than batting average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone help me understand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="418" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T04:02:39.573" Title="runner in scoring position batting average" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5679" CreationDate="2014-09-07T03:11:45.097" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it a meaningful statistic?  Sure.  It indicates the proportion of times a batter reaches base safely not due to an error when a baserunner occupies second or third base (or both) when he is at bat.  That tends to mean that batter has been responsible for batting in a lot of runs (as a proportion of opportunities).  Personally, I would group it in with Runs Scored, Pitcher Wins, RBIs, and other statistics that are very helpful for indicating how well a player &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt;, but not necessarily indication of likely future performance (except insomuch as they may be proxies for what kind of team he's on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it meaningful &lt;em&gt;for projecting future performance&lt;/em&gt;?  I doubt it; according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beyondtheboxscore.com/2013/6/13/4423944/2013-cardinals-estimating-clutch-skill&quot;&gt;Beyond the Box Score&lt;/a&gt;, there is a .21 correlation year-over-year in team BARISP.  They misuse the word 'significant' there, but it's forgivable as it's probably not meant as a statistics term.  It is, certainly, a weak correlation; but it's not a zero one, so perhaps it has some small predictive value.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thinking about it from a 'how' sense, you could attribute it to 'playing better under pressure', which is mostly nonsense but not entirely.  You could attribute it to a particular batting style that favors contact and line drives over fly balls - I doubt Adam Dunn's BARISP is particularly good, for example (it's 20 points lower for his career than his batting average, in fact), but Tony Gwynn does have a higher BARISP than his career batting average, by 14 points.  Maybe some players change their swing in ways that happen to yield a better average - with a guy on second you swing for a single, but with the bases empty you just go for the home run (again, see Dunn, Adam for a  great example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, it seems to me that it's not a 100% pure junk statistic; but with a low correlation coefficient, it mostly is, and particularly as it's used for a &quot;clutch&quot; indicator (which most statisticians laugh at).  More likely it explains for certain players intentional changes in their game geared towards scoring runs, and for most players just signifies the noise that is random number generators, aka baseball at-bats.  (My next pseudo-random number generator will be based on an initial seed, and the outcome of each at-bat in a major league season.  Why not?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I'd warn of the risk of circular reasoning.  We often see 'good' batters singled out for having a good BARISP, and it being used as evidence for why they're good.  Well, sure, a player who was luckier than most of his teammates in that when he happened to get his 130 hits for the season, 80 of those times a guy was on second and/or third, will be a 'good' player versus a player who only had a guy in scoring position 30 times.  Thus, taking as evidence that BARISP is a good statistic the fact that 'good' players have a good BARISP is circular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is further discussed all over the internet; see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballmusings.com/archives/009154.php&quot;&gt;this article by David Pinto&lt;/a&gt;, for another good take on the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-07T03:11:45.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-09-07T03:15:12.753" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you're talking about the 'armor' some batters wear (not a purely supportive brace made out of terry cloth or similar), the leg brace is usually to shield the batter from a ball striking his leg, often caused by a foul off of a ball in on the hands.  Those balls can come with substantial force directly down into a player's ankle or calf (or higher occasionally), causing potential injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter would remove the brace once he becomes a runner (and can do so without risk of being out), since it hinders his ability to run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Odds are he was injured at some point and decided to wear the brace to protect his leg.  I believe Pena had a hamstring injury last month, perhaps that is vulnerable to re-injury due to this sort of thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-07T03:15:12.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5734" CreationDate="2014-09-07T09:42:00.250" Score="8" ViewCount="11661" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record of saved match points in a ATP/WTA tennis match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what about limited at grand slam matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean that player who saved match points finally wins the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T06:26:26.980" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T10:18:05.623" Title="Maximum match point saved in a tennis match?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5738" CreationDate="2014-09-08T18:23:50.860" Score="0" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is Skeleton Bay - Namibia - the one with the longest barrels of the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6303" LastActivityDate="2014-09-14T23:10:41.370" Title="Which surfing spot has the longest barrels?" Tags="|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5688" CreationDate="2014-09-08T19:20:21.603" Score="6" ViewCount="18359" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I'm double asking because I'm pretty sure I know the answer to the first half, but would like confirmation anyways.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing baseball recently, a batter chopped a ground ball hard, over the pitcher's head. This was referred to as a &quot;Baltimore chop&quot;. That's what it is, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it called that? &quot;Chop&quot; I get, but what's it have to do with Baltimore?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T15:28:33.003" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T00:46:19.697" Title="What is a &quot;Baltimore chop&quot; and why is it called that?" Tags="|baseball|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13379" CreationDate="2014-09-08T19:39:16.227" Score="4" ViewCount="1304" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to keep my tennis level high. &#xA;Sometimes, I do not find any field to play tennis in Riga. &#xA;So I think the good thing is to play beach tennis on badminton fields. &#xA;I have now tested about 5 rackets of the brands King and MBT. &#xA;I will post here soon the specific rackets which I have tested. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which are the beach tennis rackets with most control?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1672" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T07:00:32.327" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T09:57:11.040" Title="Beach tennis rackets with most control?" Tags="|tennis|racket|beach-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5686" CreationDate="2014-09-08T19:58:05.480" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Baltimore Chop is so named because its origins were in the late 1800s Baltimore Orioles.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://roarfrom34.com/node/279&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This blog post by Roar34&lt;/a&gt; discusses it in some detail, along with the other antics the Orioles got up to back then.  Unfortunately the article that blog post references doesn't seem to exist anymore (an article by Dr. David Haus of Bowling Green).  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Baltimore_chop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference's definition&lt;/a&gt; also agrees with that origin (and the general concepts of the definition below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Baltimore Chop is a ball hit into play that is hit nearly directly down, typically landing right in front of the plate, and then bouncing fairly high up, preventing the catcher from instantly fielding it (and possibly going, slowly, towards the other infielders).  According to the post above, the original Chop was a result of the Orioles placing cement in that part of the infield (under the dirt) to cause higher bounces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was primarily effective in the 'dead ball' era, and post-1919 there are better ways to get singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T14:06:13.963" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T14:06:13.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5686" CreationDate="2014-09-08T20:11:37.553" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_%28B%29#Baltimore_Chop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Baltimore Chop&lt;/a&gt; is when the batter drives the ball into the ground in front of home plate and gets a large bounce over the infielders' heads for a single.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was named for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles_%2819th_century%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;19th century Baltimore Orioles&lt;/a&gt; (one of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Oriole_%28disambiguation%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;several teams&lt;/a&gt; by this name).  The Baltimore Orioles played in the National League from 1892 to 1899, and in that time won the National League pennant three times and won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Temple Cup&lt;/a&gt; twice.  Several hall-of-famers came from this team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team was famous for tricky plays and dirty behavior.  They were also experts in so-called inside baseball or small ball strategy, featuring base hits, stolen bases, and precision bunting, and the Baltimore Chop was a part of that strategy that they perfected.  To help them get the bounce that they needed, the groundskeeper mixed the dirt in front of home plate with clay and kept it unwatered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T00:28:37.163" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T00:28:37.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5690" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" LastActivityDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5691" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" Score="0" Body="Questions about beach tennis." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" LastActivityDate="2014-09-08T20:12:08.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5060" CreationDate="2014-09-09T00:27:56.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a very interesting question. In other sports, tactics do seem to change in overtime periods, mostly because teams try to &quot;play for the shootout&quot; or are just happy to tie if that's a possibility. Other teams really try to win during the overtime period. Because basketball's overtime rules call for a series of five minute quarters that will go on into infinity as long as the teams keep being tied at the end of them, I don't think there would be any major change to tactics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T00:27:56.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-09-09T00:30:25.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's also possible that the brace is there to prevent an injury that might be caused by the twisting motion of hitting (or trying to hit) a baseball. Running the bases is a different motion and one that's less likely to involve that much torque on a joint. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T00:30:25.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5696" CreationDate="2014-09-09T03:20:26.983" Score="7" ViewCount="4103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always thought they wore red while home and white while away. However, when I saw the highlights of their first game (2014 season) against the Cowboys on 8 September 2014, I noticed them wearing red even though they were playing at the AT &amp;amp; T Stadium in Dallas! Shouldn't it have been white since they weren't playing in Santa Clara?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3636" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:06:47.453" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:06:47.453" Title="San Francisco 49ers uniform colors: White or red?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5694" CreationDate="2014-09-09T03:27:28.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I just got an answer to this question elsewhere but I'll go ahead and post it for everyone's benefit anyways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dallas has traditionally dictated the Cowboys wear white at home. Consequently, the visiting team wears its home colors while playing the Cowboys in their home stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3636" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T03:27:28.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5694" CreationDate="2014-09-09T05:02:14.513" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;For each game, the home team decides whether they want to wear colors or white, and the visiting team wears the opposite.  The majority of teams wear colors at home, which means that the visiting teams wear white.  However, Dallas traditionally wears white at home, which means that usually teams that go to Dallas to play wear their color uniforms.  As a result, Dallas wears white uniforms in almost every game they play, both home and away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dallas isn't the only team to select white jerseys at home.  Washington wore white at home for many years, and Miami usually chooses white for day games, forcing their opponents to wear dark colors in the Florida sun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T06:45:34.830" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T06:45:34.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-09T06:25:59.173" Score="5" ViewCount="2057" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record of saved match points in a volleyball match now that the rule is the rally poin system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean that the team who saved match points finally wins the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T07:04:28.430" Title="Record match point saved in volleyball with rally point system?" Tags="|trivia|records|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3636" CreationDate="2014-09-09T09:58:07.467" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here you can have a list of famous/important Last-minute goals : &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last-minute_goal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last-minute_goal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here a well-written article about goals in stoppage-time in 2011/2012 I guess (it gives you percentage per team, only Premier League): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinnaclesports.com/online-betting-articles/11-2012/live-premier-league-betting-tips.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.pinnaclesports.com/online-betting-articles/11-2012/live-premier-league-betting-tips.aspx&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6306" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T09:58:07.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4122" CreationDate="2014-09-09T10:49:49.550" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main differences are about number of gates, distance from each gate, vertical drop and length of the course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Downhill&#xA;Has the maximun of the lenght and the maximun distance from each gate. It runs on a single manche. It has the maximun speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Super Giant Slalom (Super-G)&#xA;It runs on a single manche.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Giant Slalom&#xA;The vertical drop for a GS course must be 250–450 metres (men), 250–400 m (women). The number of gates is 56–70 (men) and 46–58 (women). It runs on two manches, times of both runs is added up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slalom&#xA;Has the minimum of the length and the minimum distance from each gate. The course has 55-75 gates (men) and 40-60 (women). The vertical drop is 180-220 m (men) and slightly less for women. It runs on two manches, times of both runs are added up. It has the minimum value of speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Super Combined&#xA;It is a &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; downhill + a manche of slalom&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="23579" LastEditDate="2022-02-14T06:55:41.530" LastActivityDate="2022-02-14T06:55:41.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5700" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7077" CreationDate="2014-09-09T13:38:28.950" Score="6" ViewCount="1950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a feeling that serving first in a set is an advantage. Is there a statistic like &quot;X % of the sets were won by the player who served first&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:23:08.657" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T09:12:21.157" Title="Is there a tennis statistic about set-winners depending on who serves first?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5759" CreationDate="2014-09-09T14:38:53.350" Score="7" ViewCount="2901" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zlatan Ibrahimovic recently had his 50 goals milestone (also a national record for Sweden) prior to with 100 appearance for the team. With 50 goals in 100 games he's averaging a goal in every second game which is as far as I can tell a great ratio, making him one of the most prominent strikers of modern football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which brings me to my question, &lt;em&gt;who is the &quot;best&quot; striker in football history, judging by the goals/appearances ratio&lt;/em&gt;? In order to avoid outliers with only a few caps, I chose to focus on veteran strikers who have played at least 25/50/100 games for their national team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T06:35:02.633" LastActivityDate="2023-01-10T10:03:30.663" Title="Who is the best striker (best goals/appearances ratio) with 25/50/100+ national caps?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5701" CreationDate="2014-09-09T16:33:14.943" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Information on record scorers by country is available on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_top_international_association_football_goal_scorers_by_country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the table &lt;em&gt;sorted by Goal scoring ratio&lt;/em&gt;, the highest goals per international game meeting the minimum national caps is listed below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Min. 100 Caps:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Chitalu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Godfrey Chitalu&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, with a ratio of &lt;strong&gt;0.73&lt;/strong&gt; goals per international game played.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Min. 50 Caps:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ferenc Puskás&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, with a ratio of &lt;strong&gt;0.99&lt;/strong&gt; goals per international game played.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Min. 25 Caps:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_Nielsen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poul Nielsen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, with a ratio of &lt;strong&gt;1.37&lt;/strong&gt; goals per international game played.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dzftd.png&quot; alt=&quot;Screenshot on Wikipedia table used in answering this question.&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Assuming Wikipedia's data is accurate.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2014-09-10T23:09:30.210" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T23:09:30.210" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5664" CreationDate="2014-09-09T17:32:58.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a less verbose answer.  If your team is out of the running this year trade for someone that will be of a value in some other year.  Hence Hammel and Samardzija  who were not going to help the Cubs in the future for Addison Russell.  Who could help the team for five years in the near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T17:32:58.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5679" CreationDate="2014-09-09T17:56:01.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few reasons why batting average with runners in scoring position would be different than with no one on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a runner on third and less than two outs, defenses will often play the infield in. In theory, this reduces the chance of the runner scoring although it makes it more likely for the batter to get a hit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a runner on second, teams often will not shift on lefty pull hitters that they normally would shift on, since the shift makes it harder to cover third in a steal situation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a runner in scoring position, a pitcher is less likely to pitch to contact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of any reasons why a hitter would substantially change his approach based on a runner being in scoring position, except perhaps trying to hit a sac fly with a runner on 3rd and less than two outs. I haven't looked in detail at the data, but based on that it seems like it shouldn't be that predictive of future RISP situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6321" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T17:56:01.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5710" CreationDate="2014-09-09T19:04:28.863" Score="3" ViewCount="10659" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football betting, a &quot;line&quot; is provided by which the favorite team needs to win, in order for bettors to win that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the line is x.5 points. If it's impossible to gain half-points in football, why have a half-point line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T02:56:17.703" Title="What's the point of a half-point line?" Tags="|american-football|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5707" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-09T19:33:36.587" Score="5" ViewCount="1210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played tennis for about 10 years, and am a beginner at squash.&#xA;What are the key differences between hitting a forehand squash shot and a forehand tennis shot,&#xA;that I should be aware of as I practice playing squash?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4983" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-09T19:33:52.863" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T23:22:27.427" Title="What are importance technical differences between a squash forehand and a tennis forehand?" Tags="|tennis|technique|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5679" CreationDate="2014-09-09T19:36:28.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;PRO: (meaningful stat) Personally I would say that some batters with two strikes and a runner in scoring position would actually try and make some contact and avoid being struck out.  It was a lost art in the steroid era but is starting to make a comeback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CON: (meaningful stat) On the other side of the coin.  During one season the amount of AB's with runners in scoring position is too small a sample size and I think that yes it is completely irrelevant until there are at least 500 plate appearances with RISP.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6228" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T19:36:28.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5664" CreationDate="2014-09-09T22:47:39.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prospects are considerably cheaper until they reach the number of service years to be allowed to enter free agency.  If one pans out, you can replace that star at a considerable savings.  If not, well, you at least don't have to pay the star to play on a losing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2160" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T22:47:39.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5706" CreationDate="2014-09-10T02:56:17.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is done to ensure that there is not a push when the game is over.  A push is when no one wins, and the sportsbook gives everyone their wager back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this week's Pittsburgh at Baltimore game, one sportsbook lists the point spread as 3, with Pittsburgh favored to win.  Let's say you decide to bet on Pittsburgh.  If Pittsburgh wins by 4 points, you win.  If Pittsburgh wins by 2 points, you lose.  If Pittsburgh wins by 3, you get your money back, along with everyone who bet on Baltimore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another sportsbook lists the point spread as 2.5.  If you bet on Pittsburgh, and they win by 3, you win, and if they win by 2, you lose.  There is no possibility of a push in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further reading: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.madduxsports.com/how-to-read-nfl-odds-lines.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Maddux: How NFL Lines Work&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T02:56:17.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5711" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-10T17:51:20.413" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at various websites' pre-season predictions for the major league baseball teams, many at places like ESPN and MLB.com had the Red Sox and Rangers doing very well and the Orioles typically out of the playoffs or worse if they got very specific.  Some magazines I saw had the Orioles dead last.  CBSsports.com's Jon Heyman seems to have &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/writer/jon-heyman/24506108/season-predictions-how-the-mlb-division-races-will-shake-out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;come closest&lt;/a&gt;. What odds did Vegas give the O's at the beginning of the season? Also, were any bets taken that the Nationals and Orioles might play in the World Series this year?  If so, what were the odds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T18:42:46.020" Title="Before the season began, what odds did Vegas give the Orioles of winning the AL East in 2014?" Tags="|baseball|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5711" CreationDate="2014-09-10T18:42:46.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for the odds of the Orioles winning the division, on 2-25 they were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ORIOLES 10-1 (15-1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which was 4th in the division, or second to last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/mlb/2014-02-25/world-series-odds-mlb-baseball-props-betting-lines-win-totals-yankees-orioles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Link to odds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to the two teams playing in the worlds series, I would imagine that would be hard/impossible to find.  It would most likely be an individual bet, which I cannot find or haven't heard of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the odds of each team winning their pennant are published in the same document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2014 NL Pennant: Nationals 5-1 (9-2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2014 AL Pennant: Orioles 20-1 (15-1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T18:42:46.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3686" CreationDate="2014-09-10T20:18:48.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some countries have official, legal national sports. Others simply have unofficial sports that people say are the national sport. For both groups, I would say the criteria are a combination of these factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sport should have been invented in the country. Example: lacrosse&#xA;in Canada.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sport should be extremely popular. Example: kabaddi in&#xA;Bangladesh.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it's not popular, the sport should be &quot;important&quot; in some cultural&#xA;way and therefore worthy of conservation, reenactment, and reverence. Example: Charreada in Mexico.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When possible, the sport should convey something meaningful about the country, ideally in a kick-ass way. Example: Varzesh-e Bastani in Iran.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For unofficial sports, current popularity would be a bigger factor than for official sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wrote more about this topic &lt;a href=&quot;http://wp.me/p1A2WF-w2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T20:18:48.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5707" CreationDate="2014-09-10T23:22:27.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I've played too little tennis to give you an expert answer, but I'll give it a go anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two main differences that I can think of are these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) The distance to the ball&#xA;In squash, you generally want to stand closer to the ball when hitting it, to give maximum strength to your swing. In tennis, you need to be able to spin/curl the ball as well, which means that you'll have to stand a little bit further away from the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The height of the ball when hitting it.&#xA;Obviously, this is quite closely related to the first point, but it's still worth pointing out as it's a common error made by beginners. In tennis, you want to hit the ball when it's higher up, in order to be able to play the ball harder. In squash, the problem of getting the ball to dive after passing the net is non-existent, whereas the player can focus more on pure power in the swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, what you want to do in squash is to hit the ball close to your feet, with your entire upper body above the ball. This will allow you to use your entire body in the swing, making it more powerful than a swing with merely your arms. It's hard to explain, but try it out on the court and it should make sense :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T23:22:27.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5723" CreationDate="2014-09-11T05:52:29.203" Score="5" ViewCount="4614" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Los Angeles metropolitan area is the second largest metro area in the United States.  It is big enough to support 2 NBA teams (Lakers and Clippers), 2 MLB teams (Dodgers and Angels), and 2 NHL teams (Kings and Ducks).  Why doesn't it have any NFL teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it used to have the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Los_Angeles_Rams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rams&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Los_Angeles_Raiders&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Raiders&lt;/a&gt;, both of whom moved in 1995.  In 1999 and 2002, the NFL added the Cleveland Browns and Houston Texans, respectively.  Why wasn't a team added to the second largest market in the United States?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Editor's Note: When this question was originally asked in 2014, there were no NFL teams in LA.  Since then, two teams have moved to LA: the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rams&lt;/a&gt; in 2016, and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chargers&lt;/a&gt; in 2017.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-14T10:40:21.780" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T03:04:37.990" Title="Why doesn't Los Angeles have an NFL team?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5650" CreationDate="2014-09-11T09:28:48.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is quite unclear about the position of a batsman while he loses his bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But considering that he is taking a run and throws his bat inside the crease when he cannot reach before being run-out, he should be judged out because by rules, some part of the body or an equipment attached to the body should be behind the crease(dragged on the crease, not hanging in the air.) at the time the keeper/fielder removes the bails from the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same case applies in case the batsman steps out to hit a ball, but the bat slips out of his hand and falls inside the crease while he is outside the crease and the keeper dislodges the bails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2194" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T09:28:48.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-11T10:17:00.690" Score="4" ViewCount="5669" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know who the oldest player was that ever got drafted into the NBA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T22:37:56.997" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T22:37:56.997" Title="Who is the oldest player who was drafted in the NBA?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5718" CreationDate="2014-09-11T13:53:57.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bernard James was 27 years of age when he was drafted as the 33rd overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_James&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. He is credited for being the &quot;oldest collegian selected in the past 20 years&quot; since Dikembe Mutombo&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/5922248/why-bernard-james-should-be-your-new-favorite-nba-player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T14:03:43.613" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T14:03:43.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-11T18:06:02.050" Score="2" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was an old program on ESPN/Star Sports. In this show, international cricketers used to participate in different small tasks like hitting the ball from bowling machine to the area marked on the grounds, getting points if they managed to hit it in the right area. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one is longest six. Another one is for the fielder where he has to catch the ball and hit the target. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team has to accumulate points like this. Does anybody know the name of this old tv show??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6328" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T23:44:08.010" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:45:37.137" Title="Name of an old tv show" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5716" CreationDate="2014-09-11T23:48:33.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you said, Los Angeles is the second largest city in the US, so it seems ridiculous that they do not have an NFL team.  There are lots of opinions as to why this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last few years that the Rams and the Raiders were in LA, both teams were struggling, both on the field and financially.  They both played in aging stadiums, and neither were successful in obtaining a new stadium in the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons why both teams struggled financially are debatable.  One reason could be that there aren't enough football fans to support two teams.  (They both left the same year, so this is hard to disprove.)  Another reason could be that, with 6 other major league sports teams in the area, the sports market is already saturated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any team that would move to LA would need a new stadium; a team would not move there to play at the Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, or any other old stadium in the area.  This is a hurdle, as both the Rams and the Raiders were unable to get a stadium built.  As time passes, it will be more likely that funding for a new stadium will be able to be obtained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today, LA is used as a threat by NFL teams seeking new stadiums.  The Buffalo Bills are one of the latest teams to consider LA.  Tim Graham, writing for the Buffalo News, wrote &lt;a href=&quot;http://buffalonews.com/2014/05/27/why-the-bills-wont-go-hollywood/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article outlining reasons&lt;/a&gt; why he thinks that the time is not right for an NFL team in LA.  Among these reasons are an unfavorable business climate in California and a lack of public enthusiasm in funding a new stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to happen every year: a team threatens to go to LA if they don't get a new stadium, and the public funds the stadium to prevent the team from going to LA.  At the end of this upcoming season, the Rams, Raiders, and Chargers, all of whom have been in LA in the past, have expiring stadium leases.  They will all undoubtedly use LA as a bargaining chip in their stadium negotiations.  If not one of these teams, it seems inevitable that at some point in the future, a team will move to LA to give it a try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update 1/2016: The Rams, Chargers, and Raiders all applied to move to LA this year.  The NFL has approved the move for the Rams, who will start playing in LA this year (2016) at the Coliseum while their new stadium in Inglewood is built, which is scheduled for completion in time for the 2019 season.  The stadium is designed to support two teams; the Chargers will be given an opportunity to move, and if they decide against it, the Raiders will be allowed to move.  Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/sports/nfl/la-sp-nfl-la-chargers-rams-20160113-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LA Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update 1/2017: The Chargers opted to move to LA, and will begin playing at StubHub Center in Carson until the Inglewood stadium, which is now named &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champions_Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;City of Champions Stadium&lt;/a&gt;, is completed in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T03:04:37.990" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T03:04:37.990" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2875" CreationDate="2014-09-12T04:20:07.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try to tighten your push button. If that does not work, try adjusting your tiller, and if that does not work, you can try increasing the brace height. If that does not work, increase the number of strands in your string. If that does not work, go for weaker arrow shafts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6329" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-12T06:38:33.333" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T06:38:33.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5727" CreationDate="2014-09-12T07:02:26.587" Score="1" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a weird dream that in a football, a mole dug a big hole just under the penalty spot and none could kick the penalty, as the ball would fell under the ground. Do football rules say anything about such a weird situation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6331" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-17T18:22:52.020" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T18:22:52.020" Title="If a mole digs a hole in the football field" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5726" CreationDate="2014-09-12T07:58:25.027" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does football rules says anything about such a weird situation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps unsurprisingly, no!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should this actually happen, the ground staff would most likely remedy the situation with earth, sand and turf, following up by repainting the spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a penalty shootout, and where the ground staff could not fix the hole, I would imagine that the referee would have the penalties taken at the opposite end of the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T07:58:25.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-12T15:28:19.447" Score="1" ViewCount="591" Body="&lt;p&gt;This summer I rented a double kayak and I find it very difficult to go straight during a windy day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the attached sketch you can see the situation where I find it most difficult to manage the kayak: we have to go from A to B, and if we were paddling together, the tip of the kayak rotated as showed by the arrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct technique to balance the power of the wind?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sEaJH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;sketch&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-09-14T07:03:21.593" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T15:29:14.040" Title="How to go straight with kayak in wind?" Tags="|technique|kayaking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-08-31T12:58:56.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5730" CreationDate="2014-09-12T19:04:04.087" Score="-2" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Chris Davis just got a 25 game suspension for violation of the MLB's drug program for use of Adderall. He had a medical exemption in the past, but for whatever reason did not have one this year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could see if it was a PED for a suspension like this, but for Adderall? It might give him better focus, but he clearly had a medical reason to take it. Per the MLB Drug Rules is there much flexibility when it comes to something like this, i.e., previous exemption?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6332" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-05T17:05:44.803" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T17:05:44.803" Title="Is the 25 game suspension for Chris Davis too much?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5729" CreationDate="2014-09-12T19:23:48.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the 25 game suspension for Chris Davis too much?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. This is Chris Davis's second positive test&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/orioles/2014/09/12/chris-davis-suspended-25-games-use-amphetamines/15507459/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 7.B (below) of the MLB Joint Drug Agreement states that a second stimulant violation is a 25-game suspension&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/pdf/jda.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2 - on p.22 of the MLB JDA document)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2Zmo0.png&quot; alt=&quot;MLB JDA on Stimulant Violations&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T19:23:48.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-12T19:47:19.060" Score="8" ViewCount="677" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern table tennis it is a common practice to acting the fool when the match is almost over. I.e. players used to flip the side and play a little bit awkward analogue of table tennis when you need to hit your own side and not the another one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a couple examples what I'm talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/wKXVtlGB7mc#t=454&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Tour Grand Finals Highlights: Ma Long vs Xu Xin (7:34)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/z6h-ygv7Y1w&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Another example&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a special name for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a valid table tennis draw according the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And why actually this trick become so popular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there is some story behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6333" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-23T07:17:25.980" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T07:17:25.980" Title="What is it called when 2 players make a full run around a table in table tennis?" Tags="|trivia|terminology|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5838" CreationDate="2014-09-13T11:28:38.613" Score="4" ViewCount="1086" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets' say that team A are playing team B,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A get a penalty inside team B's half. Team B withdraw 10 metres; team A tell the ref they want to kick for goal and the ref does their fancy-pointing-arms thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, so good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often in this situation you'll see a player from team A unconsciously do something while they're waiting for the tee that otherwise could be interpreted as tapping the penalty. Things like dropping the ball and kicking it from foot to foot, a small (say 1/2 metre) kick along the ground, kicking the ball to themselves etc. All within range of the mark for taking a tap penalty and all technically tapping the penalty, but clearly with no intent to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Here's the question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this occurs, &lt;strong&gt;can the penalty be deemed to have been taken&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;are team B thus entitled to come forward and pick up the ball&lt;/strong&gt;/tackle the player in possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2014-09-13T15:35:11.303" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T16:30:05.597" Title="Can a player accidentally tap a penalty having elected to kick for goal?" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5728" CreationDate="2014-09-13T11:48:48.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting, this depends on what kind of boat you're in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going to guess that you're in a sit-on-top or something similar and/or have a much  heavier person in the back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It this case the turning is probably down to the wind acting directly on the boat. &#xA;The easiest thing to do would be to adjust your &lt;em&gt;trim&lt;/em&gt; (your front/back weight distribution), say by switching who goes in the front and who goes in the back. This should lower the nose and raise the tail, meaning that there's a bit less surface area at the front to be acted upon by the wind and more of the front in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FYI: In a sea-kayak or similar you'd expect the boat to be turning the opposite way. this is because (assuming the boat is normally trimmed) the wind acts equally all along the side of the kayak. However because you're moving forward the water exerts more force on the sides of the front than at the back, meaning that when the wind pushes against the front it has more to push against, causing the back of the boat to swing out with the wind (ie. opposite to what's pctured above. Sea-kayaks/touring boats you will often have a skeg (a small flap that can be dropped down from the stern as needed, but can't have it's direction changed like a rudder), this prevents the wind from pushing the back out. Rudders are also sold for directional control but are unnecessary, don't help control direction in wind better than a skeg and usually inhibit  newer paddlers developing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2014-09-13T11:57:48.307" LastActivityDate="2014-09-13T11:57:48.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5683" CreationDate="2014-09-13T13:10:30.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;NOTE: This cannot be considered as a complete answer, since I wasn't able to find the record for WTA matches and also some sources I found contradict each other. But I am posting at least the information I was able to find, hoping that someone might be able to find the missing info.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Era&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Open Era&lt;/a&gt; records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ATP matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano_Panatta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adriano Panatta&lt;/a&gt; saved &lt;strong&gt;11 match points&lt;/strong&gt; in his match against Kim Warwick in the first round of 1976 Italian Open. He won this match and then went on to win the tournament. Several sources confirm this as the Open Era record. &lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20131106193257/http://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=149266&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=89544&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nj.com/tennis/index.ssf/2013/06/french_open_2013_john_isner_sa.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190206130408/https://www.nj.com/tennis/index.ssf/2013/06/french_open_2013_john_isner_sa.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4a&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WTA matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found several mentions of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Kuznetsova&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Svetlana Kuznetsova&lt;/a&gt; defeating &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Ruano_Pascual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Virginia Ruano Pascual&lt;/a&gt; and saving 11 match points in Madrid 2001. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisforum.com/showthread.php?t=151923&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisforum.com/showthread.php?t=18154&amp;amp;page=21&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisforum.com/showthread.php?p=28648202&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did not find any source confirming that this is indeed a record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grand Slam matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the open era there were 5 occurrences when a player saved &lt;strong&gt;9 match points&lt;/strong&gt; and won a match at a Grand Slam tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most recently &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Kyrgios&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nick Kyrgios&lt;/a&gt; defeated Richard Gasquet in the second round of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 Wimbledon Championships&lt;/a&gt;, saving 9 match points in the process.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Spadea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vince Spadea&lt;/a&gt; saved 9 points in his first-round win at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004 French Open&lt;/a&gt; where he won his match against Florent Serra.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Roger-Vasselin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Christophe Roger-Vasselin&lt;/a&gt; saved 9 match points when he defeated Marcos Hocevar at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 French Open&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Rubin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chanda Rubin&lt;/a&gt; saved 9 match points at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995 French Open&lt;/a&gt; in her match against Jana Novotná. She was already falling behind 0–5, 0-40 in the third last set, yet she managed to win this match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucie_%C5%A0af%C3%A1%C5%99ov%C3%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucie Šafářová&lt;/a&gt; defeated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanina_Wickmayer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yanina Wickmayer&lt;/a&gt; in the first round of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Australian_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt; after saving 9 match points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/June-2014/Video-Nick-Kyrgios-Ties-Open-Era-Record-for-Match.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/tennis/28048786&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/6242162/title/safarova-digs-deep-serenas-mlk-tribute-naomis-weird-world&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/17/tennis/australian-open-safarova-match-points-serena/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/safarova-saves-nine-match-points-in-amazing-australian-open-win/1lvgl9q50aptx1sfmjzidxxwb4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20140821013955/http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/June-2014/Video-Nick-Kyrgios-Ties-Open-Era-Record-for-Match.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170119021606/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/28048786&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170907213132/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/safarova-digs-deep-serenas-mlk-tribute-naomis-weird-world&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170129092814/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/17/tennis/australian-open-safarova-match-points-serena/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190206130231/http://www.sportingnews.com/us/other-sports/news/safarova-saves-nine-match-points-in-amazing-australian-open-win/1lvgl9q50aptx1sfmjzidxxwb4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5a&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on some internet fora I found claims that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zs%C3%B3fia_Gubacsi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zsófia Gubacsi&lt;/a&gt; defeated Tamarine Tanasugarn in the first round of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001 French Open&lt;/a&gt; after saving 11 match points. See:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/match-points.18154/page-18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/whats-the-most-match-points-someones-saved-before-winning-the-match.539242/#post-286248422&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/atp-rainer-schuttler-saved-10-mp-a-record.124910/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/win-after-9-saved-matchpoints-isn-t-new-record-in-wta.403680/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20200812101416/https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/match-points.18154/page-18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20200812101440/https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/whats-the-most-match-points-someones-saved-before-winning-the-match.539242/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20200812101602/https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/atp-rainer-schuttler-saved-10-mp-a-record.124910/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3a&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20200812101608/https://www.tennisforum.com/threads/win-after-9-saved-matchpoints-isn-t-new-record-in-wta.403680/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4a&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if this information is correct, grand slam record in women's GS matches can be as high as 11 match points. (Not the 9 match points Rubin's record as claimed in the above links.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All time records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All time record seems to be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmer_Allison&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wilmer Allison&lt;/a&gt;'s win against &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_de_Stefani&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Giorgio De Stefani&lt;/a&gt; after saving &lt;strong&gt;18 match points&lt;/strong&gt;. This was in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_International_Lawn_Tennis_Challenge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1930 Davis Cup&lt;/a&gt;. Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20131106193257/http://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/June-2014/Video-Nick-Kyrgios-Ties-Open-Era-Record-for-Match.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20140821013955/http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/June-2014/Video-Nick-Kyrgios-Ties-Open-Era-Record-for-Match.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=149266&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=89544&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Record in Grand Slam matches is &lt;strong&gt;11 match points&lt;/strong&gt; saved by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helga_Schultze&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Helga Schultze&lt;/a&gt; against &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janine_Lieffrig&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Janine Lieffrig&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966 Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/28048786&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170119021606/https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/28048786&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/safarova-saves-nine-match-points-in-amazing-australian-open-win/1lvgl9q50aptx1sfmjzidxxwb4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190206130231/http://www.sportingnews.com/us/other-sports/news/safarova-saves-nine-match-points-in-amazing-australian-open-win/1lvgl9q50aptx1sfmjzidxxwb4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T10:18:05.623" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T10:18:05.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1444" CreationDate="2014-09-14T01:21:56.463" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's have a look at what's going on here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you kayak across a river it's not as simple as going straight from A to B. The flow acts on the boat and you get pushed down-stream like this: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PWpl7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Whoops, who knew there was a point C?&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like you've been getting pushed down-stream but turning the boat a bit along the ways so your path looks like this:&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bIp7V.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hurrah!&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's the best way of getting across?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a simple technique called &lt;strong&gt;Ferry Gliding&lt;/strong&gt; that allows you to use the flow to push you across the river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Enter the flow with your nose pointing a up-stream of where you want to go&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paddle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may not need to paddle very often. Because you've got the boat angled, some of the   flow is pushing you down-stream and some of it is pushing you across the river. You only need to paddle enough to stop you going down-stream but the more you paddle, the faster you'll get across.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You'll need to maintain an appropriate angle to the flow: the stronger the flow the more you point up-stream.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the angle is correct you won't need to keep putting in strokes to maintain it, this is where all of the forces acting on the boat will be balanced best.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can maintain direction with positives strokes (forward, forward sweep) or passive strokes like a stern-rudder.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why it works:&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oRmks.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: note that F is the force of flow as it &lt;em&gt;acts upon a cross-section of the boat&lt;/em&gt;. ie. The more in line with the flow, the less the flow acts on the boat.&#xA;This is why for greater flows we need to point more up-stream, while it means that the ratio of B to A is greater, it reduces F and therefore B, at the expense of speed across the river. With lighter flow the value of F will be relatively small, so we can afford to have more of it push across the the river without getting pushed down-stream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that make it clear? An interesting thing that this shows (which was completely unintentional when making the picture) is that D&amp;gt;B, this is often the case with light flows. As you can see though, if you alter the angle so that the boat points more towards the opposite bank then more of your paddling will go into getting you across and less of it into going up-stream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a simple description which will work for light flow*. For stronger currents edging the boat will be vital to stop you falling over, amongst other things&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I guessed that the current is quite light, based on falling over not being listed as an issue when the current acts on the boat.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What won't be easy is trying to bludgeon the boat into maintaining a straight line across. You will expend a lot more energy turning the boat back into the flow than you will actually crossing. Even if this feels like a straight line between A and B (which it will be on average), the actual distance travelled will be much greater and will be something like this:&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ptLft.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one last loose end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why were you far apart in the middle and close at the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well in my opinion, but there are just too many variables for me to say, it's because water travels fastest at the middle of the flow*. This should make your boat want to turn to face down-stream for the first half of the journey and up-stream for the second half, resulting in a path something like picture #2 above. Some of the distance will be closed in the second half because you'll have been effectively ferry-gliding a bit for the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*normally this is the middle of the river but it's entirely dependant on the shape of the river, river-bed etc but it certainly sounds like it's true in your case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T20:11:30.407" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5685" CreationDate="2014-09-14T23:10:41.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Until someone submits proof that beats &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=917562758272322&amp;amp;fref=nf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, Skeleton Bay will remain the undisputed winner of that question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6238" LastActivityDate="2014-09-14T23:10:41.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5744" CreationDate="2014-09-16T11:02:53.907" Score="6" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this week's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000395143/article/sheldon-richardson-shoulders-blame-for-timeout-fiasco&quot;&gt;Jets-Packers game&lt;/a&gt;, the wrong person called a timeout from the sidelines (only the head coach is allowed). The referees played correctly, watching the field instead of who is calling time, and blew the whistle. The players didn't notice, and the Jets scored a game-tying touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the refs noticed that they had called timeout incorrectly, why couldn't they reverse the decision and allow the touchdown to count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T14:54:23.933" Title="Why couldn't the referees cancel the timeout in the Jets game?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5746" CreationDate="2014-09-16T11:44:18.720" Score="1" ViewCount="2750" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why two new balls in One Day Internationals? Ground is getting smaller [true]. Bats are becoming powerful [true]. I don't seem to get the argument of two new balls helping the bowlers. Ideally, new balls are used by fast bowlers to good effect. Spinners can use the old ball to good effect too. Spinners can bowl with new ball [a different argument]. I want to know technically how will it help the bowlers? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6301" LastEditorUserId="1434" LastEditDate="2014-09-18T18:35:56.140" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T09:27:51.020" Title="Why two new balls in One Day Internationals?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5748" CreationDate="2014-09-16T14:35:39.937" Score="3" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been told that more runs are scored in the seventh inning of baseball games than any other inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason would be the &quot;changeover.&quot; If the starter is still pitching the seventh inning, it's probably his last, he's tired, and will probably give up more runs than in other innings. If a reliever is on the mound, he's probably not one of the two best (these pitch the eighth and ninth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this in fact true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-17T13:25:42.877" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T14:47:43.257" Title="Are more runs scored in the seventh inning due to the &quot;changeover&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5741" CreationDate="2014-09-16T14:54:23.933" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once the timeout was called, the referee blew his whistle and came running in from the sideline.  When a whistle is blown the play cannot continue, even though most players didn't know it had blown.  This applies to all areas of the game.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An interception returned for a touchdown that is originally called an incomplete pass may be overturned to an interception, but only at the place of the catch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A recovered fumble that is returned for a touchdown in a similar fashion to the interception case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A play being whistled dead for a player stepping out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These plays have to do with challenges or reviews, but emphasize that if a whistle blows play dead, the play cannot continue.  It is a player safety issue as well as competitive balance issue for any players that hear the whistle and stop playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/10_Rule7_BallInPlay_DeadBall_Scrimm.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL Rule 7 - See Section 2 Article 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to look at it is: If a whistle blows, the play is dead and anything that happens after doesn't matter unless you're talking about a personal foul penalty for some reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T14:54:23.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5743" CreationDate="2014-09-16T15:03:41.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Check out the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esb.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Elias Sports Bureau&lt;/a&gt;. They keep statistics on all sorts of things across several sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T15:03:41.857" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5742" CreationDate="2014-09-16T15:16:29.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;White balls discolour more quickly, and so the ball was frequently being changed around 35 overs to allow the batsman to see it more clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A new ball from either end (which is what happens) means each ball is only in play for 25 overs and so should remain in shape and white for the duration of the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically it will help seamers and swing bowlers as a better ball is more useful to them. It will be of less assistance to spinners, especially those who need to grip the ball, but the slippery coating will normally wear off anyway, and most spinners playing ODI cricket are now used to bowling with balls that don't provide much assistance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T15:16:29.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5743" CreationDate="2014-09-16T18:43:41.167" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some links that disprove your hypothesis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beyondtheboxscore.com/2011/7/3/2255959/all-innings-are-not-created-equal-how-run-scoring-varies-by-inning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;All Innings Are Not Created Equal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as well as many others:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://cleanuphitter.com/mlb/stats/mlb_sortable_scoring.php?parse=inningrunsscored&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 MLB Runs by Inning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;including in depth analysis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballprospectus.com/images/analytica/rpi_model.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RPI Model&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to consider is that the 7th inning is usually an inning that you see a reliever, or you continue to see a dominant starter.  In the reliever case, hitters production drops off (most people think it is because you only see that guy for one at bat every once in a while).  In the starter case, to begin the 7th inning the starter would be throwing a pretty solid game (probably a quality start) and it can be hard to say that even with the pitch count rising that he will be less effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-09-17T14:47:43.257" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T14:47:43.257" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2186" CreationDate="2014-09-16T22:40:39.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is yes they can retain their newly acquired player after the season.  That player will become a free agent and can go wherever he chooses.  If the team offers him a contract that he chooses, a few things can happen:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team can trade away other cotsly players to stay under the&#xA;salary cap number&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can choose not to resign any players from the previous year&#xA;(assuming they have players with expiring contracts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They can choose to go over the salary cap and pay a luxury tax&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player may be eligible for another exception depending on who&#xA;he is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is a soft salary cap in the NBA, things can get very tricky.  There are many exceptions for players and ways to get around the luxury tax.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the NBA salary cap as a whole is of interest, more information is posted on this FAQ:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA CBA Salary Cap FAQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T22:40:39.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5751" CreationDate="2014-09-17T12:06:16.487" Score="1" ViewCount="627" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2009, some news came that atul sharma is worlds fastest bowler. Rajastan Royals picked him to their squad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So i just wanted to know that is it a fake news?? He hasn't played even a single domestic match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1593" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-17T13:27:54.157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T14:19:08.737" Title="IS atul sharma world's fastest bowler?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5750" CreationDate="2014-09-17T14:19:08.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-10000/fastest-bowl-of-a-cricket-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Guinness Book of Records&lt;/a&gt; Shoaib Akhtar is the bowler who delivered the fastest recorded delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-09-17T14:19:08.737" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5755" CreationDate="2014-09-17T16:08:09.963" Score="22" ViewCount="20008" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that, in different sports, athletes represent different &amp;quot;countries&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In football, curling, rugby (both union and league), and other sports, there are England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland teams;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In other sports, such as tennis, swimming, and athletics, there's only a single Great Britain team instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sports there are different national teams, in other sports only a Great Britain team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T09:50:40.297" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T12:40:13.810" Title="Why Great Britain or England/Scotland/Wales/Ireland in different sport?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-17T16:41:51.277" Score="1" ViewCount="7100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a batsman clobbers a ball out of the park and while the ball is in the air inside the boundary, he falls onto his wicket and is out. Shortly after the ball crosses over and falls outside the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this out because the batsman is hit wicket? Or is the ball deemed to be out of play as soon as the batsman hit it? I guess the question hinges on when a ball becomes out of play - on leaving the bat or on falling somewhere.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6342" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T19:57:41.093" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T00:46:41.433" Title="Can a batsman be out hit wicket in the midst of playing a shot that would be a boundary six?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5753" CreationDate="2014-09-17T17:32:15.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;He can only be out hit wicket &quot;in commission of a stroke, or when setting off for his first run&quot; - so if he spins around, loses balance and falls on his stumps, he'll be out, regardless of where the ball is going. However, if he hits it, then steps away from the stumps, then back again and stands on his stumps, he's not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2014-09-18T19:43:06.823" LastActivityDate="2014-09-18T19:43:06.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5752" CreationDate="2014-09-17T19:22:43.853" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's often a bit of confusion about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First&lt;/strong&gt; of all, this might help:&#xA;One of the main reasons for confusion is because there's muddling between political names (names of countries) and geographical terms (names of places).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here political names are in &lt;strong&gt;blue&lt;/strong&gt; and geographical terms are in &lt;strong&gt;red&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KoctI.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: the term &amp;quot;Republic of Ireland&amp;quot; is often used but the correct name for Ireland the nation-state is simply &lt;em&gt;Ireland&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Secondly&lt;/strong&gt;, the UK has a unique situation where both the constituent countries of the UK and the UK itself have the full status as a country. Politically they chose to be represented by the UK as a whole but it could be otherwise if the chose.&#xA;This being the case, the countries of the UK have in some cases chosen to be represented as the UK\GB and in others to represent themselves as they see fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ireland is a separate country and represents itself politically and in sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ireland in many sports such as rugby, cricket and GAA, national federations had already been formed and these organisations continued to just keep doing as they were doing with the sports people from Northern Ireland and Ireland choosing to still be represented by these bodies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other sports like football, there were differing opinions and people from Ireland chose to start a new governing body. The Football Association of Ireland was formed to govern football in Ireland (country) and the Irish Football Association, which had governed the whole country (when it was only one country), became the body for Northern Ireland only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons why some sports went one way and some went the other is probably down to the demographics of the sport, but that's just opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the Olympics:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the first Olympics, the UK has chosen to be represented by one team. Now normally called &amp;quot;Team GB&amp;quot;, the correct name would be &amp;quot;Team Great Britain and Northern Ireland&amp;quot;, originally &amp;quot;Team Great Britain and Ireland&amp;quot;. This is just for the Olympics and often countries represent themselves for competitions within individual sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since gaining independence in 1922(but dominion status until 1937), Ireland has competed individually in the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Good Friday Agreement&lt;/a&gt;, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to citizenship of the UK, Ireland or both. They are thus entitled to represent either Team Ireland or Team GB in the Olympics. It would have been common before then though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the unusually complicated nationality statuses, agreements with international governing bodies have had to be sought although in the case of older sports it was effectively continuing the existing arrangement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure I've left some holes, but there you go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T12:40:13.810" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T12:40:13.810" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5756" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-20T12:26:13.883" Score="1" ViewCount="2006" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am ultra-beginner to golf and trying to develop a mobile application around it. I am trying get along with golf game and scoring rules, I have few doubts so posting away my first of series of questions. Looking forward to your helpful responses just like in other stack exchange networks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is handicap defined according to tee or according to man/woman. I read somewhere that course handicap is different for different tees, is this correct? &#xA;Or its different for man and woman only but same for all tees. I drew this conclusion from this sample data &lt;a href=&quot;http://golftraxx.com/view_scorecard.php?course_name=Heather+Gardens+Golf+Course&amp;amp;zipcode=80014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://golftraxx.com/view_scorecard.php?course_name=Heather+Gardens+Golf+Course&amp;amp;zipcode=80014&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6348" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T17:33:46.207" Title="Handicap is tee-based or just man/woman?" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5768" CreationDate="2014-09-20T14:35:57.663" Score="4" ViewCount="1177" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, it often happens that a fly ball is hit where two or more fielders would have a chance to catch it.  In that case, the fielders have to agree as to who will make the catch.  If they miscommunicate, they might collide and let the ball drop; then the batter reaches base and the fielders reach ESPN's Not Top Ten blooper reel.  This is a particular risk because the fielders will normally be watching the ball instead of each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Casual players seem to handle this just by yelling &quot;I got it&quot;.  Do professional teams have a more elaborate system?  Sometimes it appears on TV that players are shouting as they go for the ball, but it's hard to tell what they are saying.  I would think there should also be some rule for what to do if &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; players try to call for the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the same issue must arise in cricket, and I'd also be interested in that answer if it is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T07:06:45.020" Title="How do pro baseball (or cricket) players decide who should catch a fly ball?" Tags="|cricket|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5701" CreationDate="2014-09-20T16:01:33.657" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since this answer will probably need occasional updates, I have made it &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/tags/community-wiki/info&quot;&gt;community wiki&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The post is compiled from these sources:&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/106/577/9/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;More goals than caps&lt;/a&gt; at fifa.com (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/106/577/9/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_footballers_with_50_or_more_international_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of footballers with 50 or more international goals&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia. (Link to an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_footballers_with_50_or_more_international_goals&amp;amp;oldid=630729397&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;older revision&lt;/a&gt;, around the time when the first version of this posts was compiled.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles about individual players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is the list of players having more goals than caps which have played at least 25/50 international games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25+ caps&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_Nielsen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Poul Nielsen&lt;/a&gt; (Denmark) 1.37 (52 goals in 38 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Nordahl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gunnar Nordahl&lt;/a&gt; (Sweden) 1.30 (43 goals in 33 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Rydell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sven Rydell&lt;/a&gt; (Sweden) 1.14 (49 goals in 43 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Wilimowski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernest Wilimowski&lt;/a&gt; (Poland, West Germany) 1.13 (34 goals in 30 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;50+ caps&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Kocsis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sándor Kocsis&lt;/a&gt; (Hungary) 1.102 (75 goals in 68 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Müller&lt;/a&gt; (Germany) 1.097 (68 goals in 62 games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;100+ caps&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the sources I cited above, there are no players in this category with an average number of goals above 1. The best goals-per-game ratio of any player with 100+ caps is that of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Daei&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ali Daei&lt;/a&gt; (Iran), at 0.74 (109 goals in 148 games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players with at least 100 caps and average at least 0.50 can be found in the Wikipedia article: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_men%27s_footballers_with_50_or_more_international_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ferenc Puskás&lt;/a&gt; is close to 1 goal per match ratio with 84 goals in 85 matches if we &lt;em&gt;only count&lt;/em&gt; his appearances for &lt;em&gt;Hungary.&lt;/em&gt; After emigration he also played in 4 international matches for Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another near-miss is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunishige_Kamamoto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kunishige Kamamoto&lt;/a&gt; (Japan) with 75 goals in 76 appearances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Artime&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Artime&lt;/a&gt; (Argentina) was very close to make the above list, with 24 goals in 25 appearances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; See also the comments to Nicholas V.'s answer and the links mentioned there.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-10T10:03:30.663" LastActivityDate="2023-01-10T10:03:30.663" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-09-10T12:54:12.230" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5758" CreationDate="2014-09-21T02:30:44.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball in particular, it is usually the outfielder's job to 'call off' the infielder (i.e. the infielder should listen to the outfielder). This is because the outfielder can see the entire field (including the infielder and the runner) during the play. On the other hand, the infielder has to turn his back, or else is running backwards, and in either case, is not able to see the field properly. Although I don't have personal experience at the professional level, my understanding is that the fielders are using the same &quot;I got it&quot;-style of communication to broadcast their intentions that little league players use. Of course, this isn't perfect, and sometimes they end up on the Not Top Ten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3275" LastActivityDate="2014-09-21T02:30:44.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-21T09:15:18.547" Score="7" ViewCount="10227" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there some football players who have better average than 1 goal per game in their club career? Or if we restrict only to one competition, not the whole career? Or to one season of a competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it would be good to restrict the question to top club competitions, such as top European leagues, Champions league, etc. (Although not everyone will probably agree which club competitions should be considered top.) And, clearly, we should also omit players who only played a few games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar question for games at international level was posted recently here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5701/who-is-the-best-striker-best-goals-appearances-ratio-with-25-50-100-national&quot;&gt;Who is the best striker (best goals/appearances ratio) with 25/50/100+ national caps?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T04:11:44.703" Title="Which soccer players have more goals than games at the club level?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5762" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5764" CreationDate="2014-09-22T01:58:25.480" Score="8" ViewCount="30818" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just began rollerblade, or inline skating. After tried it twice, now I can skate on the pavements in a park nearby (I choose late night to avoid pedestrians). However, I don't know how to brake without using the brake at the heel of the right boot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've checked on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Rollerblade&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikihow&lt;/a&gt;, it says:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yz6Zy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Learn to brake. Just like driving a car, riding a bike, or even&#xA;  running, anticipate where you want to stop. Move one foot forward and&#xA;  bend the knee slightly, applying pressure on your heel until you&#xA;  slowly come to a complete stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is to use the brake at the heel of the right boot, isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, seems all advanced rollerblade skaters take off the brake at the heel of the right boot? At least is what I observe from youtube videos, people stand on one foot, and brake by using another boot's side or tip. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the skills are a bit too advanced for me. When I try to place the two feet as a &quot;T&quot; shape, I always go sideways. Should I just practice more, or there's some trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to seek some advice. Just to summarize my questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q1: Is it true that advanced rollerblade skaters take off the brake at the heel of the right boot (and brake use other ways)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2: After taking off the brake at the heel of the right book, is there an easy way to brake ? e.g. &quot;T&quot; shape? If so any suggestion to practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3: After taking off the brake at the heel of the right book, what are the different ways to brake ? e.g. which one is faster, which one is safer...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6351" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-22T03:51:55.090" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T18:59:52.517" Title="How to brake in rollerblade?" Tags="|technique|skating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5722" CreationDate="2014-09-22T03:39:34.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That Show is called &lt;strong&gt;Titans of Cricket&lt;/strong&gt; and here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pE6agFjz1Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt; link of that show.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/oct/09/titans-of-cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;information&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T16:45:37.137" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:45:37.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5762" CreationDate="2014-09-22T03:45:50.560" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stopping is a crucial skill in skating.  Inline skates generally come with a removable heel brake on the right skate.  The advice on skating that you quoted from WikiHow does indeed refer to using the heel brake for stopping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advanced inline skaters usually remove the brake.  There are a couple of reasons for this.  The brake can often get in the way of tricks.  The primary reason, though, is that stopping with a heel brake is not a very fast way to stop.  There are other ways to stop that are much faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The T Stop is one of those ways.  When practicing this stop, it is helpful to start skating from the T position.  Push off of your rear skate, then immediately use the rear skate to stop.  By practicing this, you've eliminated one of the steps of the stop, which is getting your braking skate into position.  After you've practiced starting and stopping while in the T position, you can work on skating normally, then moving your braking skate into position for the T Stop.  When you first get into the T shape, keep your weight on the front skate, and very gently transfer some of your weight to the braking skate.  If you find yourself spinning sideways, perhaps you are putting too much weight on the braking skate too early.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The beginning of this video discusses practicing the T Stop: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWdkWasc3iY&quot;&gt;How To Practice The T-Stop On Rollerblades&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video discusses what to do if you are spinning while stopping: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6lXVhi4rSE&quot;&gt;How to do a T-Stop on inline skates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other stops you could learn are the Edge Stop and the Hockey Stop.  This video discusses learning both stops: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUk0o1gjgO4&quot;&gt;How to stop on rollerblades using the Hockey Stop&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using a heel brake is probably the easiest, but slowest, way to stop.  The Hockey Stop is one of the fastest ways to stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other stops, as well.  For example, here is a video that demonstrates the Plough Stop: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t13d3aSzVpE&quot;&gt;How to stop without a brake using the Plough Stop on inline skates or rollerblades&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which stop is safest?  This is relative.  The safest stop is the one that you have practiced and can do reliably.  For a beginner, using the heel brake is safest, because it is easiest.  However, for an advanced skater that has several stops in his arsenal, using the heel brake would not be the safest, because it is slow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T03:45:50.560" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5767" CreationDate="2014-09-22T09:50:41.560" Score="6" ViewCount="2691" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand when the various types of pitchers come on: starter, middle reliever, setup, closer.&#xA;But if the starter was good enough for 6 innings, why not similarly have one pitcher pitch all the remaining innings? On the flip side, if the closer is so good a shutting down an innings, why not use him more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10127" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T04:34:16.120" Title="Why are there so many pitcher types in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5765" CreationDate="2014-09-22T12:35:03.070" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I grew up playing and watching baseball, the pitcher position was not specialized as it is now.  It was typical for a pitcher to throw all nine innings and more if needed.  Sometime around the advent of the designated hitter, I think, things started to change.  I'm sure there were more factors, but, I have to think that longevity was a reason to switch to specialization.  Having a pitcher throw only the first five innings or so meant that he could recover earlier for his next start.  That, in turn, translated to more starts.  And, since someone had to make up the slack, closers and relievers became more prominent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T12:35:03.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5765" CreationDate="2014-09-22T12:54:14.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bullpen specialization is a relatively &lt;em&gt;new&lt;/em&gt; phenomenon. And there are a &lt;em&gt;ton&lt;/em&gt; of factors that come into play, but I'm going to keep it simple here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, almost &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; pitcher is more effective if he pitches fewer innings in an outing, if he pitches fewer days of the week, and if he throws fewer pitches when he does pitch. It's important to also note that this is the rule and that many many exceptions exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also important to know that there are only so many guys in the league who can go through the same batting order 3 times and not give up a ton of hard hit balls the third time through the order. That means that for many starting pitchers their maximum efficacy is 6 innings. There is even a stat for this, it's called the Quality Start, that's when you go at least 6 and give up fewer than 4 earned runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's why we have starters and relievers. Now, why do relievers have specific jobs in the bullpen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly because most pitchers are really effective at one thing. Left handed relievers are super useful because a lot of the best power hitters are left handed and it's hard for lefties to hit off of left handed pitchers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closers are usually your best reliever, would he be a good starter? Maybe? But a lot of the best closers are guys who started for a while and got hurt and needed to pitch shorter duration outings (see John Smoltz), or really young guys who can't yet handle the innings load of a starter's schedule (see Aroldis Chapman, though he's stuck at closer for a while now).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of your relievers are guys who were drafted as starters and washed out in the minors from starting roles because they couldn't cut it. Heck a lot of guys who pitch in relief even started in the majors for a while before being replaced by someone who is better at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is that there are only so many guys who can handle pitching even multiple innings at the major league level. Look at the rotation of your favorite team. How much better than the second or third best reliever is the 4th starter? It's pretty stark, if you asked that reliever to stretch out and start, he'd fare much worse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why not change it up and let one guy pitch the last three innings of a start? This is actually something you see in the minors, and is also something you'll sometimes see in the majors in September when rosters expand and teams are trying to get their young guys extra innings to see what they have before they have to make roster decisions in the off season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the problem is, with a normal roster, if you let a guy pitch 3 innings in a night, he's not going to be available for another several days after that. You play baseball &lt;em&gt;every, single day&lt;/em&gt; almost. So you've only got 12 or 13 pitchers, and you're using up two every 5th day, you've only got two or three guys who can come in if either of your starters gets hurt or gets in trouble in a game. That's not a good position to be in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than the trouble or injury factor, you also have a talent issue. Major league hitters are &lt;em&gt;really good&lt;/em&gt; and if you put pitchers out there who are over extended for their talent levels, they &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; be eaten alive. Most ML pitchers can handle and inning, maybe 2, but often by the third inning, a player is seeing them for a second time in that outing, and then it's curtains. It's a rare talent to be able to go through the batting order a second time, more so a third and even rarer a fourth time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, a reliever is such because he has a limited pitch selection (one of the greatest relievers of all time, Mariano Rivera basically got buy on 1 pitch). A starter has 3 or 4 and can mix things up to get through the order a few times with minimal damage. A reliever is usually good for an inning or a batter and that's the limit to his efficacy. If there were enough starters to go around, you might not see specialization like this, but there are a limited number of guys who can pitch even 6 big league innings, so we have relievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure where to stick this so it gets put in a post script. &lt;a href=&quot;http://bigbadbaseball.blogspot.com/2013/08/earned-run-average-era-inning-by-inning.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is a really cool chart and it illustrates what I'm talking about using ERA. If you look, especially at the last line, the MLB numbers. You can see that the first inning is universally pretty rough, but after that a starter settles in it is pretty good, until about the 5th or 6th inning, and their ERA starts to creep up again. After that you get to see just how effective modern bullpens are. The better question might actually be &quot;why aren't all pitchers throwing shorter outings.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-09-22T17:11:05.853" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T17:11:05.853" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5758" CreationDate="2014-09-22T16:10:46.310" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot speak to cricket, but in baseball there is a system of who has precedence in a fly ball situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Outfielders have precedence over infielders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Infielders have precedence over the catcher and pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catchers have precedence over the pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to who has precedence within the outfield, or infield it is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The center fielder has precedence over the corner outfielders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The middle infielders (SS and 2B) have precedence over the corner infielders (1B and 3B)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The short stop has precedence over the second baseman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically if there was a scenario where everyone could catch a fly ball, the list of precedence would be as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Center fielder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Left or Right fielder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short stop&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second baseman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First or third baseman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to actually communicating, players will use different systems.  This can be a style that a coach decides on (especially at lower levels than professional) such as calling &quot;ball&quot; or &quot;I got it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are teaching this system to younger players it is good to teach the player to call &quot;ball&quot; and for the other players to either call &quot;you&quot; or call the players name.  This lets everyone on the field know who is catching the fly ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players in the pros may speak different languages and may communicate differently.  Usually this would be something that they agree on during spring training as to how they call each other off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, in college we were taught that the infielders call &quot;me&quot; and the outfielders call &quot;ball&quot; as a way of distinguishing who can call you off.  They continue calling it until the players near by return with &quot;you&quot; to help avoid collisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://probaseballinsider.com/baseball-instruction/pop-fly-priorities/&quot;&gt;Here is a reference on what I have explained&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T16:10:46.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3109" CreationDate="2014-09-22T19:46:53.357" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mathematically impossible. The lineup can only advanced 5 places maximum before the inning is over due to 3 outs or before you're forced home because batters reaching base safely. You'd have to advanced the lineup 8 places to be at bat again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6353" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T19:46:53.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5770" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-22T21:49:22.053" Score="7" ViewCount="9274" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runners at third and first, ball is hit to the second basemen, 2nd basemen goes to tag the runner out. Runner stops, runner on third scores and then 2nd basement tags the runner, does not step on base.Does the run count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T03:58:27.537" LastActivityDate="2023-05-10T03:12:58.637" Title="Does a run scored on a tag out on a forced runner?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5770" CreationDate="2014-09-22T22:13:20.517" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No the run does not count because the runner is forced to advance by the batter, constituting a &quot;force out&quot;.  A run cannot score on a force play (commonly called a force out) that results in a third out of an inning.  A force out does not have to end in the touching of a base, it can end in a tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 2.0 - Force Play&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevetheump.com/scoring_runs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Check out the second example on this site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above link is similar and the scoring is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in Rule 4.09 you can see part (2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4.09 HOW A TEAM SCORES.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and&#xA;  touches first, second, third and home base before three men are put&#xA;  out to end the inning. EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner&#xA;  advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1)&#xA;  by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner&#xA;  being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out&#xA;  because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5552/does-a-run-score-if-the-batter-is-tagged-for-the-3rd-out-before-he-reaches-first?rq=1&quot;&gt;Also see this question regarding scoring runs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Along with the comments, if a force out does not end the inning then the run will count. A force out does not keep a run from scoring in any situation besides ending the inning. I assumed the scenario was with two outs, because this is a common question about baseball. With less than two outs (ie zero outs or one out), the run will count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T17:15:01.710" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5765" CreationDate="2014-09-23T04:34:16.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wax Eagle covers some interesting points, but the most important point in why many relievers typically only pitch one inning is that they can throw the ball harder if they're only throwing 20 or so pitches.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't true across the board; in particular, relievers who use offspeed pitches to get outs likely throw about the same strength as they would as starters.  However, flamethrowing relievers typically lose 2-3 MPH from their fastballs when converted to starters; look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/pitchfx.aspx?playerid=10603&amp;amp;position=P&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chris Sale&lt;/a&gt; for example. He was primarily a reliever his first two years (2010-2011) and then became a starter after that.  He averaged 95 MPH as a reliever, and 93 MPH as a starter on his fastball - and had much, much higher maximums; as a reliever he threw 100 MPH his first year in the majors, and hasn't hit much over 98 since he became a starter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why certain pitchers typically are designated as relievers in the current day, even if they're quite talented; look at Aroldis Chapman, for example.  He's one of the best pitchers of any sort in the majors, and he's a reliever despite attempting to make him a starter: that's because as a reliever he can simply throw the ball past his opponents (hitting 100MPH on over half of his pitches this season).  He'd likely lose a few MPH as a starter, and might be less effective.  (He might still be more valuable to the team, but that's a coach and general managers' decision to make.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long relievers aren't used (most of the time) because they'd be getting the worst of both worlds.  They couldn't throw as hard, because they'd be needed for 60 ish pitches, but they'd only be throwing 1/3 of a game (versus a starter throwing upwards of 2/3).  They also wouldn't be able to pitch all that often (relievers who do pitch 3 innings due to a bad starter's performance usually get several days off afterwards).  Instead, you can have three guys each throw very hard, plus the flexibility as Wax Eagle notes to pitch to matchups and such, gaining overall more out of your bullpen than you would if you had fewer, longer relievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T04:34:16.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5774" CreationDate="2014-09-23T14:15:37.627" Score="7" ViewCount="3381" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect that this is just &quot;out of bounds&quot;, but what happens when a receiver catches a pass and has two feet out of the end zone at the far end? Is this just out of bounds or is there more forgiveness in the end zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6355" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T14:45:20.377" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T12:36:18.087" Title="What happens if a receiver is beyond the end zone in football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5773" CreationDate="2014-09-23T14:22:12.857" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens if a receiver is beyond the end zone in football? I suspect that this is just &quot;out of bounds&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your suspicions are accurate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens when a receiver catches a pass and has two feet out of the end zone at the far end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who catches a pass and has two feet out of the end zone at the far end had either touched a boundary line or touched outside a boundary line, and thus, is out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3, Section 22, Article 1 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2013%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; addresses this (emphasis mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player or an Official &lt;strong&gt;is Out of Bounds when he touches&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) &lt;strong&gt;A boundary line&lt;/strong&gt;; or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) &lt;strong&gt;Anything&lt;/strong&gt; other than a player, an official, or a pylon on or &lt;strong&gt;outside a boundary line.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2, Section 12, Article 4 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR14.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Football Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; addresses this (in a clearer fashion, in my opinion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boundary Lines&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 4. The boundary lines are the sidelines and the&#xA;  end lines. The area enclosed by the boundary lines is “in bounds,’’&#xA;  and the area surrounding and including the boundary lines is “out of&#xA;  bounds.’’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T12:36:18.087" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T12:36:18.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5773" CreationDate="2014-09-23T16:32:10.703" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;edmastermind29's answer is correct, save an exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a receiver catches the ball but is carried out by a defender before he can land both feet inbounds, the pass is complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 3, Item 6 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/11_2013_ForwardPass_BackPass_Fumble.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; addresses this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carried Out of Bounds:&lt;/strong&gt; If a player, who is in possession of the ball, is held up and carried out of bounds by an &#xA;  opponent before both feet or any part of his body other than his hands touches the ground inbounds, it is a completed &#xA;  or intercepted pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA (college) rules are slightly different--the player needs only one foot to make contact inbounds for the completion.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2, Section 4, Article 1 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR14.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Football Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player Possession:&lt;/strong&gt; The ball is in player possession when a player has the ball firmly in his grasp&#xA;  by holding or controlling it while contacting the ground inbounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the &lt;strong&gt;Carried Out of Bounds&lt;/strong&gt; rule from the NFL, I could not find any references that suggests this also applies in college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorUserId="6358" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T18:33:07.113" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T18:33:07.113" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4828" CreationDate="2014-09-23T17:22:53.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I also believe that this could be very subjective, however, I will try to apply some logic to find a best available answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take a 2014 approach, and looking at the statistics through the first three weeks of the season, it appears defensive backs may have the most influence on turnovers, at least during this season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To explain, and according to ESPN.com statistics regarding forced fumbles and interceptions, there are 8 players with two or more recorded interceptions this season and 16 players with two or more forced fumbles this season. Of those 24 players that influenced two or more turnovers, 16, or nearly 67%, are defensive backs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6356" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T17:22:53.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-24T15:19:57.347" Score="2" ViewCount="1970" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does it become a run out if other fielders do it, or is it still a stumping if the batsman gets down the pitch and for some reason the keeper doesn't collect it but let's say the slip fielder collects and breaks the stump?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6328" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T08:00:01.887" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T10:42:37.780" Title="Can a batsman be stumped by anyone other than a wicket keeper?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="754" CreationDate="2014-09-24T20:04:44.123" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two other cases that haven't been raised here - either a no ball or wide being bowled.  In both cases the ball is rebowled and the batsman are able to run a single (or three for that matter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6370" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T20:04:44.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5782" CreationDate="2014-09-25T07:44:55.840" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a batsman can only be out Stumped when the wicket is broken by the wicket-keeper, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-39-stumped/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39 (Stumped)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Stumped...when his wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the slip fielder breaks the wicket with the batsman out of his ground, it is a Run out, as defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 38 (Run Out)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Run out if he is out of his ground and his&#xA;  wicket is fairly put down by the action of a fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T07:44:55.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5782" CreationDate="2014-09-25T10:42:37.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word stumping is only used when the wicket keeper breaks the wicket right after a bowler delivers the ball. When anyone else other than wicket keeper does the same in a similar situation, it is called run out even though the effect for batsman is same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T10:42:37.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2014-09-25T10:47:34.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Puskás&lt;/a&gt; had more goals than caps for Real Madrid, so does &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano&lt;/a&gt;, but the only top level player to my knowledge who has more goals than appearance in club football is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eusébio&lt;/a&gt;, the Portuguese legend who played for Benfica. He has 749 goals from 743 appearance with various clubs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-10-15T04:11:17.457" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T04:11:17.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4885" CreationDate="2014-09-25T11:05:36.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That clip is very vague in terms of information regarding the physical state of fighters. I have not watched the fight but as per boxing rules, referee are in the position to decide whether the fighter is fit to continue fighting. Maybe he was getting outclassed terribly. The punch he received was a bad one, and referee can always stop a fight in order to avoid further injuries. Boxing is political, so referee can be pre meditated, there has been controversial statements made in that regard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, the referee should only start counting, after the other boxer is in neutral corner. But that rule is hardly observed in professional boxing, in an attempt to not give extra seconds to the fallen fighter. If you watch closely the ref looks to the panel, where you see a person standing up and counting. In pro boxing the counting starts as soon as the boxer touches any other part of his body other than his feet, and to answer your first question, to my knowledge no. Refereeing and judge decisions in pro boxing is pretty much ultimate and rules does'nt allow boxer to challenge them. In amateur boxing, a judge's scorecard can be reviewed and overturned if a boxer ask for it and the reversal has happened a lot of times in olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastEditorUserId="6372" LastEditDate="2014-09-26T12:48:45.853" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T12:48:45.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5795" CreationDate="2014-09-25T14:00:19.240" Score="4" ViewCount="13617" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the main differences betwwen &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Challenger_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Challengers&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futures_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Futures tournaments&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do conditions under which players may enter them differ? Are there differences in the way points are calculated in the rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:23:48.190" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T18:04:09.033" Title="What are the main differences between Challengers and Futures tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|itf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5790" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-09-25T14:01:05.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tennis_Federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Tennis Federation&lt;/a&gt; (ITF).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:24:51.870" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T14:24:51.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5791" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-09-25T14:01:05.710" Score="0" Body="Questions about International Tennis Federation (ITF)." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:09:31.150" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T14:09:31.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5792" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-09-25T14:09:48.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions related to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup playoffs&lt;/a&gt; - the elimination tournament played after regular season of NHL - and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup&lt;/a&gt;, the trophy for the winner of this competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:11:49.080" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T14:11:49.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5793" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-09-25T14:09:48.167" Score="0" Body="For questions related to Stanley Cup and Stanley Cup play-offs." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T14:11:29.377" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T14:11:29.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5789" CreationDate="2014-09-25T18:04:09.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main differences are which organizations organize and operate the tournaments, how much prize money and how many points are up for grabs, and the rankings of the players in the draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Futures&lt;/strong&gt;: Run by ITF, Prize money of 10-15k, ranking points from 1 point to 35, players ranked anywhere from 2000+ in the world down to about 150 or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challengers&lt;/strong&gt;: Run by ATP, Prize money up to 150k, ranking points from 3 to 125, players generally ranked higher though lower ranked players can still participate in qualifying draws. Not uncommon for top 100 players to play in Challenger tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Points earned at either type of tournament both add up to determine your total points and thus, your ranking. Some professional players spend the bulk of their career playing the Challenger series events and rarely ascend to the main ATP tour level events. A player like that would likely have a career high ranking just inside or just outside the top 100 in the world and would probably average a ranking of around 150-250 in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T18:04:09.033" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5834" CreationDate="2014-09-25T20:46:59.667" Score="15" ViewCount="16632" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically as you move up to more competitive levels of a sport, elements are adjusted to account for the increase of skill/speed/power of better players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NBA 3-point line is farther from hoop than NCAA 3-point line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MLB uses wooden bats while NCAA uses metal bats&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NFL requires 2 feet for completion, NCAA requires 1 foot for completion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are NFL hash marks closer together than NCAA hash marks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the difference relates to field goals, I don't understand why the NFL would narrow the marks and make it easier for kickers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the difference relates to location of ball spots, is there a reason the NFL chooses to keep lateral ball spots closer to the center of the field?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:46:15.683" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T19:20:19.677" Title="Why are NFL hash marks closer than NCAA hash marks?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-26T08:53:06.373" Score="-6" ViewCount="12662" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many runs can a single player score in one day match (50 overs/300balls)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No 'no balls', no wides, no extras, and no overthrows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one more last condition: they cannot run more than 3 for any ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6378" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2014-09-26T16:27:17.993" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T16:27:17.993" Title="How many runs can a player score in 50 over match?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-09-29T02:58:54.220" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5796" CreationDate="2014-09-26T09:54:02.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's less about the kicker, and more about the defense v offense. Having the ball placed closer to the centre of the field means that the field is almost equally wide in both directions, making it more difficult to defend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further to this, the NFL moved the hashmarks closer together when they moved the posts to the back of the endzone, to help offset the increase in difficulty (extra 10 yards to every kick). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastEditorUserId="6379" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T12:42:28.960" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T12:42:28.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5797" CreationDate="2014-09-26T09:56:50.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that (s)he starts on strike, hits 5 sixes and then runs 3 for the 6th ball, so constantly on strike. (S)He does this every over, (s)he scores &lt;code&gt;33*50=1650&lt;/code&gt;!!! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(S)He hits the final ball for 6 instead of 3 as no longer needs to maintain the strike, bringing the total to 1653!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastEditorUserId="6379" LastEditDate="2014-09-26T12:15:50.193" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T12:15:50.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-26T10:00:35.447" Score="2" ViewCount="502" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume that you want to bet for football game and the odds are as following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Victory Team 1: 2.30&#xA;No Winner: 3.00&#xA;Victory Team 2: 2.30&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it correct, that in this case, the bookie considers both sides as even and in this case, the best thing you can do is to bet for tie/draw? (of couse only if you do not have any information or reasons to assume that Team 1 or 2 has better chances to win.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if so, then why is tie/draw-odd higher than the other two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6380" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T10:27:49.347" Title="Betting on even quotas" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2014-09-26T10:06:12.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few who have score more goals than club appearances, &lt;code&gt;caps&lt;/code&gt; refers to country appearances though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some notable are below&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Rank    Name                Country                  Years      Matches   Goals&#xA;1.  Josef Bican             Austria  Czechoslovakia  1931-1956  918       1468&#xA;2.  Gerd Müller             Germany                  1962-1983  1216      1461&#xA;3.  Arthur Friedenreich     Brazil                   1909-1935  1239      1329&#xA;4.  Pelé                    Brazil                   1956-1990  1375      1389&#xA;5.  Franz Binder            Austria  Germany         1930-1949  756       1006&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For caps there is only one who scored more than 1 per game, I've included down to Ali Daei as he is the all time top scorer for international games!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;#    Country    Name                International goals   Caps  Goals per Match&#xA;1    Denmark    Poul Nielsen        52                    38    1.37&#xA;2    Hungary    Ferenc Puskás       84                    85    0.99&#xA;3    Japan      Kunishige Kamamoto  80                    84    0.95&#xA;4    Brazil     Pelé                77                    92    0.84&#xA;5    Italy      Luigi Riva          35                    42    0.83&#xA;6    Zambia     Godfrey Chitalu     79                    108   0.73&#xA;7    Norway     Jørgen Juve         33                    45    0.73&#xA;8    Iran       Ali Daei            109                   149   0.72&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T10:06:12.070" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5537" CreationDate="2014-09-26T10:20:57.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At Wimbledon for example, they sell the balls! Not sure about other tournaments but I assume they do likewise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/about_aeltc/201205091336574376496.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;54,250 used during The Championships period.  Stored at 68 deg F.  New balls after first seven games (to allow for warm-up), then after every 9 games. Subject to availability after use balls sold daily to LTA-affiliated clubs and to spectators in the grounds.  £2.50 per can of three.  Proceeds go to LTA's Wimbledon Balls for Schools Scheme.  Yellow balls used for first time in 1986.  At start of day 48 tins taken onto Centre and No.1 Courts and 24 on all outside courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:09:06.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5800" CreationDate="2014-09-26T10:26:50.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Draw is usually higher odds partly because most people bet on one team to win, which drives the odds in particular directions. In the case you stated, it is likely the case that Team 2 are the better team, but Team 1 have the home advantage when working out the odds. I tend to bet on draws if the result is good for both teams or if the style of play of both team negates each other, so West Ham v Aston Villa I usually bet a draw on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The important thing to remember is that odds aren't solely decided on how good teams are, they're also driven by the market. So if the first 10 people to bet all bet on Team 1, Team 1's odds will drop and the other odds will rise to try to limit the bookie's risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T10:26:50.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5806" CreationDate="2014-09-26T13:36:18.007" Score="4" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;The baseball season is coming to a close, and with several clusters of closely matched teams, &quot;tiebreaker&quot; rules are coming into consideration, especially for three teams with identical records playing for the second wild card spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case, the three teams will be designated A, B, and C, with A and B playing at A's home field, and C playing the winner in the winner's home field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choices are made by the teams, with the teams getting choices in (descending) order of their head-to-head record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;natural&quot; choice is C (only one game to play). I can't see anyone choosing B (worst of both worlds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But might some teams choose A (two home games to qualify) over C (one road game)? Perhaps someone with a large home media market like the New York Yankees or Mets? (Neither are candidates this year.) Or perhaps a team that plays WAY better at home than on the road?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-09-26T16:37:20.717" LastActivityDate="2014-09-27T06:06:22.390" Title="Is there any advantage to playing two home games versus one away game in a &quot;tiebreaker?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5805" CreationDate="2014-09-26T14:01:28.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, in fact you're likely a distinct disadvantage, but game theory comes into play here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When teams A and B play, they are almost certainly going to each pitch their best starter in the game. If A wins, they are pitching their #2 starter vs C's #1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because home field advantage in baseball isn't a strong indicator of success Home teams only win about 54% of their games (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=18572&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;same in postseason and regular season&lt;/a&gt;) at home. However, usually teams match up their best starters against each other in a playoff series. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the first game favors team A by about 4%. Team C is going to have an advantage in the second game, even though they are the away team, because their #1 gets to go against the #2 of the team that won. Depending on the quality of team A's #2 starter, this may give team B enough of an edge to &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt; turn the game into a coinflip affair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is an additional consideration here. It's all about how much time passes between the tiebreaker game and the start of the first playoff series (or the wild card game). Team C might look at the matchup, and run out their #2 having confidence that he can beat the other team's #2 and save their rotation from getting out of whack in the first playoff series. This is a game theory decision and should be informed by way more math than I can pack into this little post (at least without running on for several pages and doing a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; more research that's not directly relevant here). If this happens, and we assume that #2 starters are equivalent, we're back to that 54% edge for the home team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, depending on how much of an impact you believe starting pitchers have on the outcome of a game (I tend to think it's a fair amount), the tie breaker situation either favors team C, but not by very much, or team A, but again, not by very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reality is that playoff baseball is a crapshoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T14:01:28.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5797" CreationDate="2014-09-26T14:53:26.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, there is no maximum as the player can run an unlimited number of runs per ball providing that the ball remains within the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would require a very poor fielding performance but technically possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4934" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T14:53:26.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5808" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-27T05:24:10.787" Score="3" ViewCount="718" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, supposing a player catches the ball legally and runs with it, for a total of a 25 yard gain, but is hit to the head, causing a fumble before he makes contact with the ground (and is knocked out cold). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing team lands on the loose ball and the refs whistle. I'm pretty sure the ruling would be the foul is assessed at the end of the run before losing the ball, thus the offensive team would have gained a total of 40 yards on that play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the play was not dead at that spot (all other fouls would have nullified the play if the opposing team accepted the foul, so how can you nullify just half a play?). My question is, where would the ball be spotted and is there a reference that points to this scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6383" LastEditorUserId="6383" LastEditDate="2014-09-27T12:49:53.397" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T16:27:51.640" Title="Personal Foul causing fumble" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5808" CreationDate="2014-09-27T05:55:48.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2011_Rule_Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 8, Article 7 (page 53 of the 2011 Rulebook), a the enforcement in your example would be from the spot of the fumble, as it was forward of the line of scrimmage.  Had the fumble or penalty occurred behind the line of scrimmage, it would've been from the previous spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;ENFORCEMENT SPOT DURING A BACKWARD PASS OR FUMBLE&#xA;Article 7 Enforcement Spot During a Backward Pass or Fumble. When a foul occurs during a &#xA;backward pass or fumble, the basic spot of enforcement is the spot of the backward pass or fumble. &#xA; Exceptions: &#xA;(a) Behind the Line. When the spot of the backward pass or fumble is behind the line (including in A’s end &#xA;zone), if either team fouls, the spot of enforcement is the previous spot, even if B’s foul is in A’s end &#xA;zone. If Team A fouls in its own end zone during a backward pass or fumble, the enforcement of the &#xA;penalty results in a safety&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule for a penalty during a forward pass is slightly different, but has the same result: enforcement is from either the previous spot or the dead ball spot, whichever favors the offense more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-27T05:55:48.810" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5805" CreationDate="2014-09-27T06:06:22.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming games are purely random chance, and assuming there aren't major external factors such as the second team having a single ace starter that there is a huge advantage to avoiding, C is favored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chance of winning, assuming home team is 54% road team 46%:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: .54*.54 = .29&#xA;B: .46*.54 = .25&#xA;C: .46     = .46&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A and B are splitting almost-evenly the chances of the home team winning, while C gets the whole road chance.  A much better odds indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, I'd always choose C, unless I were facing a team like the White Sox or the Indians, who have a single starter who is so far above the other starters on the team as to justify avoiding playing that starter.  Even then, their #2 (Quintana and Carrasco) aren't exactly rubes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-27T06:06:22.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5850" CreationDate="2014-09-28T05:50:52.693" Score="10" ViewCount="76489" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that a double elimination bracket operates like two single eliminations: there is a &quot;winners&quot; upper bracket and a &quot;losers&quot; lower bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My requirements&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I need a logic for the Losers bracket players (not winners bracket). The general rule being that Losers fall down to the Losers bracket in the same position as they held in the winners bracket matches.....but that logic is not clear and neither are the conditions in which this is true.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I want to understand the above logic assuming bye players not for the standard 2,4,8,16,32 teams scenario&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some links on brackets having byes &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/pdfbrackets/9teamdoubleseeded.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/pdfbrackets/9teamdoubleseeded.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hF8nD.png&quot; alt=&quot;9 Team Double Elimination Bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6387" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T21:42:12.183" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T01:02:17.083" Title="How does a double elimination bracket work?" Tags="|rules|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15" CreationDate="2014-09-28T09:03:53.803" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Dennis Kimetto ran 2:02:57 in Berlin on September 28, 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2014-09-28T09:03:53.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-28T21:21:48.170" Score="2" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would one go about calculating their own NFL stats? For instance, I want to calculate the percentage total possible yards a team could have traveled if they had scored a TD on every drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, total offensive yards / the sum of all (100 - starting field position)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6388" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T01:01:03.903" Title="Percentage of possible yards traveled?" Tags="|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5813" CreationDate="2014-09-29T01:01:03.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to find a useful source of data for your statistics.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pro-football-reference.com&lt;/a&gt; is a good one to start with.  They have a lot of different statistics available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, you could look at the box scores for individual games; see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201409220nyj.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this example&lt;/a&gt;.  Towards the bottom are the drive statistics, which include all of the starting drive positions for both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need help reading them in, post a question on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stackoverflow.com&quot;&gt;StackOverflow&lt;/a&gt;, or better yet look around for articles and instructions for doing so, which are plentiful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T01:01:03.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5815" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-29T05:18:20.553" Score="5" ViewCount="5718" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean if a horse race is described as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hcap,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HCap Hrd,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mdn Stks,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nov Hrd,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beg Chs,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Listed,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;INHF,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sell Stks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6389" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-29T13:26:15.493" LastActivityDate="2021-12-06T05:44:21.657" Title="What do these horse racing terms mean?" Tags="|terminology|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5816" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5818" CreationDate="2014-09-29T05:45:18.707" Score="10" ViewCount="94521" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a ball carrier has possession in the field of play, and carries the ball toward the end zone, the requirement for scoring a touchdown is that the ball cross the plane of the goal line.  The position of the player's body parts is irrelevant, so long as he is not out-of-bounds, or down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a pass play, a receiver must have control of the ball with either two feet down, or equivalent (e.g. one knee down).  &lt;strong&gt;But, to be considered a touchdown, does the ball not still need to break the plane of the goal line, even if the receiver gets two feet down in the end zone, with control?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In today's San Francisco / Philadelphia game, Stevie Johnson was awarded a touchdown on a great catch, where he came &lt;em&gt;back&lt;/em&gt; to the ball, and got two feet down in the very front corner of the end zone, while falling out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092809/2014/REG4/eagles@49ers#menu=gameinfo%7CcontentId%3A0ap3000000402398&amp;amp;tab=videos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092809/2014/REG4/eagles@49ers#menu=gameinfo%7CcontentId%3A0ap3000000402398&amp;amp;tab=videos&lt;/a&gt; ... Wk 4 Can't Miss Play: Stevie Wonder)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the angle that his body fell (back toward the line of scrimmage and toward the sideline), where the ball in his hands landed as he hit the ground (the 1 yard line), and the proximity of his feet to the front corner of the end zone, it seems to me like this should not have been called a touchdown, with the ball instead being placed on the half yard line (ish).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I misunderstanding a nuance of the rule for catches in the end zone?  Does it matter that the player established his body in the end zone before coming back to the ball?  Is this just an instance of announcers and officials not noticing something that usually isn't an issue?  I heard no mention of the question of whether the plane was ever broken on the broadcast, or sports media write-ups of the game.  The focus only seemed to be whether a catch was made (which it clearly was).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6390" LastEditorUserId="6390" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T21:06:21.530" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T14:18:10.580" Title="Requirements for Touchdown Catch Near the Goal Line" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5815" CreationDate="2014-09-29T09:52:38.287" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hcap - Handicap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hcap HRd - Handicap Hurdle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mdn Stks - Maiden Stakes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nov Hrd - Novice Hurdle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listed - Just below &lt;code&gt;Group&lt;/code&gt; class&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure on the other three&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flatstats.co.uk/horse-race-information.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.flatstats.co.uk/horse-race-information.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T09:52:38.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5816" CreationDate="2014-09-29T14:29:25.703" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're not incorrect in your belief; the ball does have to be across the goal line.  See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2013%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 2 Touchdown&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TOUCHDOWN PLAYS &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 1 Touchdown Plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A touchdown is scored when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) the ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line (extended) and is in possession of a runner who has advanced from the field of play into the end zone; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) a ball in possession of an airborne runner is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line, and some part of the ball passed over or inside the pylon; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) a ball in player possession touches the pylon, provided that, after contact by an opponent, no part of the player’s body, except his hands or feet, struck the ground before the ball touched the pylon; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) any player who is legally inbounds catches or recovers a loose ball (3-2-3) that is on, above, or behind the opponent’s goal line; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e) the Referee awards a touchdown to a team that has been denied one by a palpably unfair act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) The ball is automatically dead when it is in legal possession of a player and is on, above, or behind the opponent’s goal line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) If a player attempts to catch a pass, the ball is not dead, and a touchdown is not scored, until the receiver completes the catch. See Rule 3, Section 2, Article 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, that video does not give us the view we would need to correctly identify whether the ball crossed or touched the goal line.  I assume the NFL folks upstairs did have this view, and that the ball did cross the goal line, or they would've reviewed the call.  From the video you linked, it easily could have gone either way; he was mostly vertical when he made the catch (ie, his hands weren't very far extended in front of him) so it's reasonable to believe the ball may have crossed the plane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: there is one instance where this matters, and that's where the ball crosses the plane (extended) out of bounds.  If an airborne runner crosses the goal line, the ball must pass in bounds (over or inside of the pylon).  If the receiver/runner is himself in bounds, the ball may be out of bounds when it crosses the extended plane of the goal line.  This doesn't seem to matter in this case, but it is relevant to the rule overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T11:14:00.800" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T11:14:00.800" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5636" CreationDate="2014-09-29T14:35:31.060" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is going to depend a lot on the sport. In general, a reporter does have access to several resources, many of which are accessible to a dedicated fan, but when putting together commentary on the spot it helps a lot to have deep personal knowledge of the sport to consider what facts to research. (This kind of knowledge can be developed by a fan regularly reading publications like &lt;em&gt;Track and Field News&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Athletics Weekly&lt;/em&gt;, and/or the IAAF website.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've covered athletics (track and field) at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing and six IAAF World Championships starting in 1999, as well as many lesser meets. This is a rough overview of the compiled resources available to an athletics writer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Online databases like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tilastopaja.org/&quot;&gt;Tilastopaja&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.all-athletics.com/&quot;&gt;All-Athletics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The IAAF's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists&quot;&gt;lists of records and performances&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bound &quot;annuals&quot; like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsbooks.ltd.uk/shop/book_details/161_athletics-2014&quot;&gt;the Athletics annual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For global championships (Olympics and World Championships) there is usually an event-specific &quot;statistics handbook&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/london-2012-athletics-statistics-book-availab&quot;&gt;here's a link to the London Olympic handbook&lt;/a&gt;, and here's the &lt;a href=&quot;http://paulmerca.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-iaafs-moscow-2013-statistics.html&quot;&gt;2013 Moscow World Championships handbook&lt;/a&gt; - which will summarize global information but also provide details like national best performances in each events, historical results and medals by event, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these resources are available to a dedicated fan, many for free and the rest for a relatively low price. The bound annuals are probably the most expensive due to printing costs, and as more and more publication moves to the web the books are increasingly available as PDFs. Membership in professional organizations like the ATFS (Association of Track and Field Statisticians) or TAFWA/FAST (Track And Field Writers of America/Federation of American Statisticians of Track) in the USA often provides access to additional resources; I get PDF or bound copies of the world and USA annuals either through TAFWA or through the national and international federations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the bigger meets, an additional resource which isn't available to the fans is what's known as a CIS or Commentator Information Service. This is a terminal in the press section which gives access to live results, entry lists, splits, and some historical data. Increasingly the same information is appearing on event websites - the IAAF website has almost the same data online as in the CIS - but as a dedicated on-site system the CIS isn't subject to the same kind of network latency a website usually shows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being on-site also allows the press access to information which programmers would call &quot;asynchronous,&quot; that is, not happening within view of the camera. This includes things like post-event disqualifications and protests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume similar resources are available to stadium sports like swimming and tennis. Outside-stadium events like marathons, race walks, and (I assume) road cycling or skiing have additional challenges in that spectators and reporters alike have severely limited information about the progress of an ongoing event. As an example, both the Boston and New York City marathons have elaborate systems of spotters on bicycles reporting information back to the press room to help television commentators understand how fast the leaders are going, and even &lt;em&gt;who's in the pack&lt;/em&gt;. Every event faces different challenges in collecting this kind of detailed information and communicating it in a useful way; journalists are usually the first to get access to the data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ETA summer 2016: With the US Olympic Trials for athletics approaching, I was reminded of another source of information: dedicated insiders who are self-publishing. The specific example I had in mind is &lt;a href=&quot;http://decathlonusa.typepad.com/&quot;&gt;the decathlon association&lt;/a&gt; which has published a &quot;media guide&quot; for the decathlon and heptathlon at the Trials; this is packed with lists of previous winners, all-time best performances in each event, at an Olympic Trials, at a national championships (the Trials doubles as the USA national championships), or at Hayward Field where the Trials are being held. The majority of this is the work of Dr. Frank Zarnowski. The multi-events even have &quot;prediction sites&quot; where curious fans can plug in various scenarios of athletes' performances in each event and see how the overall event would play out; an example (which used to live at the ergorej.net domain) is &lt;a href=&quot;http://mattivesterinen.com/beijing2015/&quot;&gt;the Beijing World Championship decathlon in 2015&lt;/a&gt; where Ashton Eaton set the world record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ETA 2: The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/download/downloadresultinfo?filename=f0e8eb10-cb01-490a-ad69-e9b16a355816.pdf&amp;amp;urlSlug=rio-2016-olympic-games-athletics-statistics-h&quot;&gt;IAAF statistical handbook for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games&lt;/a&gt; has been published now (that link is to a PDF download).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T16:46:20.567" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T16:46:20.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-09-29T15:20:45.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Distance running is another sport where a smaller athlete may have an advantage. When work = mass * distance, an athlete with smaller mass will do less work to cover the distance. If two athletes have the same capacity for rate of work - that is, they can do the same amount of work in a given span of time - the lighter one will win a race. There are limits to this - at some point being lighter limits your capacity to do work - but in general lighter is better for distance runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T15:20:45.623" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-09-29T15:41:15.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Curling athletes with a low center of gravity (smaller one generally) are helped in the stability of the slip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stability of the slip is one of the most important feature to be a strong curler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the action of broom is important the hands and back power, while during the slip is important to have muscolar legs, so power and compact athletes have a slight head start&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Mi4E.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;low center of gravity&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-10-01T16:37:01.090" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T16:37:01.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5808" CreationDate="2014-09-29T16:27:51.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This scenario in the rule book pertains to your situation.  Basically the penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul and the offense keeps the ball with a couple exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;FOUL ENFORCEMENT ON RUNNING PLAY WITH POSSESSION CHANGE&#xA;Article 13: When a defensive foul occurs during a running play (3-27-2) and the run in which the foul occurs&#xA;is followed by a change of possession, the spot of enforcement is the spot of the foul and ball reverts to&#xA;offensive team. See 14-1-12- Exc. 5.&#xA;Exceptions:&#xA;(1) When the spot of a foul is in advance of the spot where the offensive player lost possession, the spot&#xA;of enforcement is the spot where player possession was lost and the ball reverts to offensive team.&#xA;(2) When the spot of a foul by the defense is at, behind, or beyond the line of scrimmage, and such foul&#xA;incurs a penalty that results in the offensive team being short of the line, the ball will be advanced to&#xA;the previous spot.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T16:27:51.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5824" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:41:41.407" Score="2" ViewCount="23182" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football; after an attack on goal, the goalkeeper gains possession.  An attacking player quietly remains behind the goalkeeper in hopes to be forgotten.  The goalkeeper drops the ball to feet in order to play (not having noticed the attacker loitering behind).  The attacker springs to action and steals the ball and knocks home a goal.  The player is not considered offside.  What rule allows this play to continue?  It seems counter to the offside rule or could be labeled as trickery?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, in a recent match, a player 10 yards offside received a glancing ball off a defender's attempted clearance header and hit one home.  What is the correct ruling?&#xA;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-10-14T10:11:14.333" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T08:13:44.430" Title="Offside when the ball was last played by the defending team" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5823" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:51:17.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are only offside if your teammate plays you the ball while you are in an offside position. If an opposing player plays you the ball (or you steal it from them), while you are in an offside position, you are considered to be onside. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the example you mention, I believe the player would be considered to be offside, as the ball is played to him, even if it glances off his opponent. This would be considered to be &quot;gaining an advantage&quot; under Law 11 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290867.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. Though this is &lt;em&gt;very much&lt;/em&gt; up to the discretion of the referee as &quot;gaining an advantage&quot; is subjective as is whether or not the defender's contact is sufficient to negate the possibility of offside. If the referee judges that the defender intercepted the pass, but turned it over, then the player is free and clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6112" LastEditDate="2014-10-14T16:09:17.127" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T16:09:17.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5825" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-29T19:03:09.040" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;HBR covers the syndrome &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/09/the-unexpected-consequences-of-success/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://hbr.org/2007/03/crisis-at-the-summit/ar/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. I have experienced this in some many different areas such as football: what do you need to do next when you have achieved everything you wanted? To become better, you need so much more investment such as time, new shoes, advanced training partners, better understand nutrition and trade-offs (no time for friends etc). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do professionals overcome the the summit syndrome in Sports?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T17:44:44.040" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T17:44:44.040" Title="How do over-achievers and/or professional athletes overcome summit syndrome?" Tags="|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5827" CreationDate="2014-09-29T20:35:15.697" Score="7" ViewCount="12921" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the NFL decide which teams play in London every season?  Do any teams actually volunteer to play in London, considering the jet lag and also the fact that you might have to give up a home game?  Does the NFL provide any sort of compensation to the teams that play in London?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T16:53:27.170" Title="How does the NFL decide which teams play in London?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5826" CreationDate="2014-09-29T21:16:51.923" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, teams agree to play in the games, presumably for a significant portion of the proceeds (though that, as with most things in the NFL, isn't made public).  The reasons vary; for example, teams with small home stadiums and/or difficulty selling out seats will likely make a profit, as Wembley Stadium is reasonably large and typically sells over 80,000 seats per game, buying relatively expensive tickets ($150-$200 depending on the exchange rate, which is on par for a large-market team and more than smaller market teams will typically get).  That's why teams like Jacksonville and Tampa Bay agree to do this, as they have relatively light attendance and can't charge as much for tickets.  Presumably you also have higher jersey sales around the game in the UK; a lot of folks I know in the UK became Bucs fans after the first few games there.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_International_Series&quot;&gt;the wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; for more information and links to other sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the downsides, the jet lag isn't all that bad; 6 hours from the east coast to London versus 3 hours to Seattle, and the other team has it just as bad or worse.  You also get a slightly favorable schedule around that game (no Sunday-Thursday or Monday-Sunday, and they often coincide with bye weeks afterwards).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T21:16:51.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5753" CreationDate="2014-09-30T06:40:39.043" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LAW 35 (HIT WICKET)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The striker is out Hit wicket if, after the bowler has entered his&#xA;  delivery stride and while the ball is in play, his wicket is put down&#xA;  either by the striker’s bat or by his person as described in Law&#xA;  28.1(a)(ii), (iii) and (iv) (Wicket put down).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;either (i) in the course of any action taken by him in preparing to&#xA;  receive or in receiving a delivery,&#xA;  or (ii) in setting off for his first run immediately after playing or&#xA;  playing at the ball,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or (iii) if he makes no attempt to play the ball, in setting off for&#xA;  his first run, providing that in the opinion of the umpire this is&#xA;  immediately after he has had the opportunity of playing the ball,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or (iv) in lawfully making a second or further stroke for the purpose&#xA;  of guarding his wicket within the provisions of Law 34.3 (Ball&#xA;  lawfully struck more than once).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) If the striker puts his wicket down in any of the ways described&#xA;  in Law 28.1(a)(ii), (iii) and (iv) (Wicket put down) before the bowler&#xA;  has entered his delivery stride, either umpire shall call and signal&#xA;  Dead ball. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;More Details&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a batsman clobbers a ball out of the park and while the ball is in the air inside the boundary, he falls onto his wicket and is out. Shortly after the ball crosses over and falls outside the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the ball will be dead as the ball has passed the boundary rows so the batsmen could not be declared OUT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LAW 23 (DEAD BALL)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The ball becomes dead when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) it is finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the&#xA;  bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ii) a boundary is scored. See Law 19.3 (Scoring a boundary).&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;More Details&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T06:40:39.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5823" CreationDate="2014-09-30T09:07:52.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/5824/3526&quot;&gt;Wax Eagle's answer&lt;/a&gt; is correct in the first instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second instance, &quot;gaining an advantage&quot; isn't really subjective at all. What it means is the following on page 108 of the 2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“gaining an advantage by being in that position” means playing a ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i. that rebounds or is deflected to him off the goalpost, crossbar or an&#xA;  opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ii. that rebounds, is deflected or is played to him from a deliberate save&#xA;  by an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent, who&#xA;  deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save), is not considered&#xA;  to have gained an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the defender played the ball deliberately, and it wasn't a save - there is no offence here. If the ball deflected off the defender or the defender was making a save, the offside offence should be called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary (and applicable to both questions), offside is reset once &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball goes out of play, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it is touched again by a teammate (which can in itself produce a whole new set of teammates unable to play the ball due to having been in an offside position when it was touched), or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it is deliberately played (except for a save) by an opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T09:07:52.377" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5726" CreationDate="2014-09-30T12:46:26.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the hole could not be fixed, the game would not be played due to unsafe conditions!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a nice idea for a quirky film but IRL sense would prevail and the match would be moved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T12:46:26.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5796" CreationDate="2014-09-30T13:26:54.840" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1972 the NFL moved the hash marks closer together, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.si.com/vault/1972/09/18/614372/time-to-take-stock&quot;&gt;looking for a way to produce more action and more touchdowns, now that defenses have become so effective&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article goes on to add,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Putting the ball in play farther from each sideline supposedly gives the offense more room to exercise its options. But it also becomes more seductive to try a field goal, since the kicker has less of an angle for his attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T13:38:28.687" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T13:38:28.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3893" CreationDate="2014-09-30T14:57:47.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can speak to athletics/track and field, the sport I sometimes cover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most events at a professional level and NCAA events at the national level require athletes to pass through a &quot;mixed zone&quot; after competition. This is (usually) a divided space with athletes on one side of a barrier and reporters on the other. This is where post-competition interviews happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At major international events (e.g. World Championships, Olympics) there are distinct sections of the mixed zone for TV, radio, and written media. This often means an athlete like Usain Bolt will have done multiple TV and radio interviews before arriving at the written press mixed zone. In cases like this the athlete is often removed to a press conference room to answer questions in a larger setting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In smaller meets, it's up to the reporter to buttonhole the athlete they want to speak to, although there is often a meet media manager on hand to make sure reporters speak to the athletes they want. There are no formal requirements of the athletes, although talking to the press is an unwritten aspect of professionalism and good agents/sponsors will encourage their athletes to do so. The athletes, who have just completed a sometimes-grueling competition and are sometimes disappointed in their performance, can be unmotivated to talk and will escape if they can. On the other hand, there are classy athletes who respect the role of the press and will stand and talk as long as there are questions, regardless of their disappointment and/or fatigue. And winners are almost always easy to talk to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've almost never run in to an athlete in this sport whose etiquette while speaking to the press is questionable, but that's not to say it doesn't happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T14:57:47.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5837" CreationDate="2014-09-30T16:24:22.233" Score="9" ViewCount="3967" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NASCAR racing, pole position is determined by speed trials held before the actual race.  Is pole positioning necessarily the ideal place in a race that lasts for hours and has numerous pit stops?  What position from the pole is considered by drivers unwinable?  Given the long race, why does pole position make a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T16:24:34.493" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T19:48:18.850" Title="In NASCAR, how important is pole position?" Tags="|ranking|auto-racing|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5836" CreationDate="2014-09-30T16:47:41.483" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bsports.com/statsinsights/how-important-is-a-pole-position-really#.VCrciRbitqw&quot;&gt;Pole Position is important&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a guarantee of a win, but it is &lt;em&gt;strongly&lt;/em&gt; correlated with first place and top five finishes. The Link above has the analysis for each starting position for every race in NASCAR history that contained 43 cars (the modern number of cars).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person with the pole has won just fewer than 80 of those races. The person who started second has won fewer than 60.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, something fascinating about the full analysis, the most &lt;em&gt;likely&lt;/em&gt; result of &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; top five start is a first place finish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without having a full data set to work from it's hard to tell much else (and the pictures of the other datasets are quite small). But it's notable that as you go down in starting position your likely outcomes get more diverse. The tail is very short on the pole position, but it grows as you go down in starting position until it is nearly flat at 20 and an inverse of the #1 graph at #43.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pole position may actually not make a difference in an of itself though. The pole is won by the top qualifier. That means that they've had the best car on the track through qualifying. So what we have, is the data confirming what qualifying has already told us. That this car is faster than the others. However, the fact that the pole car doesn't win &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; races shows how many &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; factor are in play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, correlation does not imply causation. In fact it's very likely that we're dealing with reverse correlation here, wherein a top five position isn't the result of pole position, but because pole cars are faster/better driven.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T19:48:18.850" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T19:48:18.850" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5732" CreationDate="2014-09-30T21:25:12.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rugby union, No. Law 21.5(b) is the relevant one here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21 Penalty and Free Kicks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;21.5 Scoring a Goal from a Penalty Kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;21.5(b) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;        &lt;p&gt;If the kicker indicates to the referee the intention to kick at goal, the kicker must kick at goal. Once the kicker has made the intention clear, there can be no change of the intention. The referee may enquire of the kicker as to the intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only circumstances in which a kick at goal then might not actually occur are -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the kicker doesn't take the kick within 1 minute of indicating their intention. (law 21.4(c) - scrum to the non-kicking team.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the kicker doesn't take the kick correctly (law 21.5 - scrum to the non-kicking team)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the kicker's team commit foul play before the kick is taken (law 10.4(n) - penalty to the non-kicking team)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6399" LastEditorUserId="6399" LastEditDate="2014-10-03T16:30:05.597" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T16:30:05.597" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5841" CreationDate="2014-10-01T04:56:04.220" Score="4" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was thinking what happens to the balls used during a tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets say the 2014 FIFA world cup. What happens to all the Brazuca balls used throughout the tournament? Where and in what ways are these balls used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2014-10-01T09:42:34.187" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T09:42:34.187" Title="What happens to the footballs used throughout a tournament?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5045" CreationDate="2014-10-01T08:29:41.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the other answers state, there are a few different types of shot, with each type requiring different things. People have described the shot types but not how to improve or what is required. It is true that everyone is different so what works for one may not exactly work for another but it is still a good base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inside of the boot - what you're looking for is to either strike the ball completely with your instep, aim for the ball to strike your foot further up than your heel, but further down than your toes. You can also turn you foot towards the ball when doing this, adding spin and swerve onto the ball. A key part of any shot, this included, is about foot and body placement. You should open your hips slightly, place your left foot (or right if you are left-footed) between 8-16 inches to the the side of the ball. The distance depends on you and what feels more comfortable and allows for more accuracy and power. Also, leaning back while shooting will mean your foot is coming up to meet the ball, and thus you will strike the ball high, whereas if you lean over the ball slightly, the ball should stay low. The &lt;code&gt;knuckleball&lt;/code&gt; technique from @posdef's answer is a variation on the the inside of the boot where the foot is used to add a lot of spin and hit in a certain way to add swerve and dip on the ball. The reasons for this can be found by studying fluid mechanics, as the air passes across the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Laces shot - this shot provides the most power but there is less control. You are looking for your foot to be placed slightly more outside the ball as you swing you foot through. You can add spin by hitting it at varying angles, but it is more difficult to do so than with the inside of the boot. It is crucial to keep your body over the ball in this shot, due to the added power and less spin. If not, it will invariably end up flying up and over the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Outside of the boot - this shot is the most difficult to learn, as it is counter intuitive to what most people have learned growing up. The benefits are that you can now curve the ball both directions, catching out oppositions that didn't expect it. I like to use the outside of my boot if I am shooting right-footed from the right side of goal, aiming for the bottom left corner, as it will hopefully curve round the goalies reach and into the corner. Inside the boot would send the trajectory in to the goalie and then away giving them more chance to reach it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chip shot - this shot is when you think you can get the ball over the defenders/goalie and down into the goal. You use the front of your foot for this usually, although you can use any technique if you practice it enough! It is also less important to keep body over ball, indeed it is sometimes helpful to lean back slightly when chipping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Back heel - this shot requires knowledge of the where the ball is, where it will be when your foot reaches it and where you want to send the ball. This is more about the awareness of the ball, and you swing whichever leg you are shooting with back towards the ball, hoping to hit it with the centre of your heel to get the most power and accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Toe poke - are the least commonly used shot and can also cause you damage if you strike it incorrectly. Toe-pokes are only to be used when stretching for a ball you otherwise wouldn't be able to strike in my opinion. Other than that, there is always a better option, for placement use inside of foot, for power use laces. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to remember about body position when shooting and foot placement. Try to focus on these as well as the actual striking of the ball when practicing and you should definitely see improvements in your shot!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T08:29:41.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5839" CreationDate="2014-10-01T08:34:51.310" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The balls were given away to the marketing teams for each country, and encouraged to give them away. Most will probably end up in museums or executive's offices but a few may well be given away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“The balls are used after a tournament for souvenirs for the teams and referees, host cities, Fifa partners and the Fifa museum,” a Fifa spokesperson told us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/23/what-happens-to-world-cup-balls&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/23/what-happens-to-world-cup-balls&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T08:34:51.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5843" CreationDate="2014-10-01T08:54:30.387" Score="5" ViewCount="1137" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8-Ball, after a break where no balls were sunk, the next player takes their turn. They&#xA;successfully sink a ball and the balls have stopped moving, but while moving away from the table for the next&#xA;shot, strike a ball with their cue. Is this foul considered part of the first&#xA;shot, and the table remains open? Or is it a foul for the next shot, and the&#xA;table is no longer open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4957" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-01T14:38:26.497" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T14:38:26.497" Title="Accidentally striking a ball with the cue after the first successful shot" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5842" CreationDate="2014-10-01T14:37:25.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=116&amp;amp;pagetype=rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Pool-Billiard Association rules&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=123&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#8.2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;shot&lt;/a&gt; ends when the balls stop moving.  Therefore, the foul would be on the next shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of foul is called a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#6.6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Touched Ball&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=114&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#3.9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in 8-Ball, it results&lt;/a&gt; in the play passing to the opponent with the cue ball in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in this situation, I believe that the table would not be considered open anymore, and the player who made the break shot would get the cue ball in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T14:37:25.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5845" CreationDate="2014-10-02T08:33:59.543" Score="11" ViewCount="1583" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_F.C._in_European_football&quot;&gt;F.C. Hapoel Tel Aviv&lt;/a&gt; play in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League&quot;&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;/a&gt; since &lt;code&gt;Israel&lt;/code&gt; is not in &lt;code&gt;Europe&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6405" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T08:40:28.333" Title="Why does F.C. Hapoel Tel Aviv play in Europe" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5844" CreationDate="2014-10-02T08:40:28.333" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Israel is not in Europe but is a member of UEFA for political reasons (From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_national_football_team#History&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Israel competed in the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) between 1954&#xA;  and 1974. Due to the Arab–Israeli conflict, several Muslim states&#xA;  refused to compete against Israel. The political situation culminated&#xA;  in Israel winning the 1958 World Cup qualifying stage for Asia and&#xA;  Africa without playing a single game, forcing FIFA to schedule a&#xA;  playoff between Israel and Wales to ensure the team did not qualify&#xA;  without playing at least one game (which Wales won).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1974, Israel was excluded from AFC competitions, as a result of a proposal by Kuwait which was adopted by a vote of 17 to 13 with 6 abstentions.&#xA;  ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1991, Israeli clubs began participating in European club&#xA;  competitions, and Israel returned to the European leg of World Cup&#xA;  qualifying in 1992. In 1994, Israel received full UEFA membership, 20 years after it had left Asia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T08:40:28.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4665" CreationDate="2014-10-02T14:59:40.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Friendly international matches in soccer are more than just exhibition warm ups for tournaments. They represent the coach's belief as to who are the best players the country has at the time for the position with the understanding some of the top players may not be there.  Some players may not participate depending on many variables such as needing time to recover from an injury or the player's club team has a major league match coming up and they can't risk his/her sustaining an injury or being fatigued. So the motivation is pride in one's country and/or team plus showing that you are player worthy playing at the highest level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6408" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T14:59:40.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3898" CreationDate="2014-10-02T20:58:37.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally, if a player touches the ball with two different parts of the body in succession (not simultaneously), it is a Double Contact fault.  However, the block and the first team hit are exceptions to this.  During the block and during the first hit, a player can contact the ball more than once, as long as the contacts are all part of one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013-2016&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.3 The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts &#xA;  take place simultaneously.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Exceptions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  9.2.3.1 at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more player(s), &#xA;  provided that the contacts occur during one action;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  9.2.3.2 at the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various parts of the &#xA;  body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one &#xA;  action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-03T15:58:48.493" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T15:58:48.493" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5849" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-02T22:57:07.873" Score="5" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;On what basis does FIFA select the 23 player shortlist for Ballon d'OR? &#xA;Like what kind of attributes they consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6410" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-02T23:07:37.383" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T05:18:02.687" Title="How does FIFA shortlist the final 23 players for Ballon d'OR?" Tags="|football|awards|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5811" CreationDate="2014-10-02T23:33:05.833" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In double elimination tournaments, teams are not eliminated from the tournament until their second loss.  The way this is achieved is with a losers bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everyone starts out on the top bracket, or winners bracket.  After the first round, when half the teams lose, they drop down to the loser bracket.  A loss in the losers bracket eliminates you from the tournament.  In the next round, half of the remaining teams in the winners bracket lose, and they go on to play the winners of the first round of the losers bracket.  At the end of the tournament, you have two teams left: one is the winner of the winners bracket, who has never lost, and one is the winner of the losers bracket, who has one loss.  They play each other; if the winners bracket team wins, the tournament is over, but if the losers bracket wins, they play again, as now each team has one loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as in a single elimination tournament, if you don't start out with a number of teams that is a power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, etc.), then some teams will need to play an extra game, and others will get a bye in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the 9 team double elimination bracket that you posted.  Since 9 is not a power of 2, we'll need an introductory round where only 2 teams play, and the other 7 teams get a bye.  The 8 and 9 seeds play each other in game 1; the winner goes on to play the number 1 seed in game 5, and the loser becomes team &quot;L1&quot; and plays the loser of game 2 (either the 2 or 7 seeds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see what happens for each game on the bracket; the winner of the game goes on, and the loser of the game drops down to the loser bracket in the &quot;L&quot; spot for whichever game number they lost on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, the winner of game 13 and the winner of game 15 (which is a losers bracket game) play each other in game 16.  If the losers bracket team wins, the two teams play again in a 17th game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compared to a tournament with 8 teams, where every team is on equal footing when the tournament starts, in a 9 team tournament, Seeds 8 and 9 are at a disadvantage, because they have to play an extra game at the beginning, where every other team gets a bye.  Seeds 2 and 7 are also at a disadvantage if they lose their first game, because they will have an extra game to play in the losers bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-02T23:44:42.280" LastActivityDate="2014-10-02T23:44:42.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3606" CreationDate="2014-10-03T00:35:17.150" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The requirement of seven offensive players on the line of scrimmage was an outcome of trying to make football 'a more open game.' (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=feFCAAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;ots=srSMd_ynvj&amp;amp;dq=football%20seven%20formation%20line%20scrimmage&amp;amp;lr&amp;amp;pg=PA4#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;The Forward Pass in Football&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize the issue with football in the early twentieth century, the game was low-scoring, and most plays consisted of handing the ball to one player and having a him surrounded by his ten teammates (usually resulting in a gain of less than five yards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent book with a chapter that discusses the evolution of 'a more open game' is Chapter 2 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B00C4BA3VE&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Newton's Football: The Science Behind America's Game&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  Coincidentally, the text from this chapter argues that the primary reason that rules were changed was because football was a very dangerous game in the late 1890s and early 1900s (in particular, the Flying Wedge formation).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1300" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T00:35:17.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5854" CreationDate="2014-10-03T13:42:40.840" Score="8" ViewCount="35086" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been getting in to NFL this season and really like the sport. One point I was unclear about in the rules is when a team punts the ball. Why does the receiving player not have to catch it? I noticed that a player the other week let the ball go over his head and bounce but the opposition could not pick it up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-03T13:47:54.340" LastActivityDate="2017-11-05T18:07:13.660" Title="Why doesn't a player have to catch the ball from a punt?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5852" CreationDate="2014-10-03T14:54:33.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/kicksfromscrimmage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is a link that explains kicking from scrimmage (field goals and punts)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The main things to understand which apply to your question are:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any punt that is blocked and does not cross the line of scrimmage can&#xA;be recovered and advanced by either team. However, if offensive team&#xA;recovers it must make the yardage necessary for its first down to&#xA;retain possession if punt was on fourth down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicking team may never advance its own kick even though legal recovery is made beyond&#xA;the line of scrimmage. Possession only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A punted ball remains a kicked ball until it is declared dead or in possession of either team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any member of the punting team may down the ball anywhere in the field of play. However, it is illegal touching (Official’s time out and receiver’s ball at spot of illegal touching). This foul does not offset any foul by receivers during the down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defensive team may advance all kicks from scrimmage (including unsuccessful field goal) whether or not ball crosses defensive team’s goal line. Rules pertaining to kicks from scrimmage apply until defensive team gains possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Summary:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The punting team may down the ball, but they can not gain possession&#xA;of the ball unless there is a fumble by the returning team or it touches a player from the returning team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defense (returning team) can advance any kick from scrimmage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The only time the offense can advance the ball on a block is when the ball does not cross the line of scrimmage and they must gain the yardage for a first down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As Joe mentions, illegal touching is a significant play.  If the ball is touched by the punting team, then the returning team may advance the ball with the worst outcome being possession at the spot of the illegal touching (ie the returner fumbles after the illegal touching).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While the previously mentioned play is rare, the act of illegal touching is not so rare.  It is common to have players of the kicking team try and bat the ball from going into the endzone, or get hit by the punt on accident.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T19:44:12.920" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5852" CreationDate="2014-10-03T19:07:41.847" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to go into a bit more detail about 'illegal touching':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a punt, if the kicking team is the first to touch the ball, then illegal touching occurred.  At that point, the ball may be still considered live, if the ball has not stopped moving and/or if the kicking team does not hold the ball in possession.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is important, because if the kicking team just touches the ball - for example, if they jump into the end zone to try and keep the ball out of the endzone - the receiving team is free to pick the ball up and run with it, knowing that nothing worse can happen than the result of the illegal touching.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the kicking team bats the ball out of the end zone, the returner picks the ball up, and heads downfield but fumbles on the 10, the fumble doesn't count, and the receiving team gets the ball on the 1 (or wherever they rule the illegal touching to have occurred).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if the receiving team touches the ball first - even accidentally, such as if a player is blocked into the ball - the ball is now a loose ball and the kicking team is free to pick it up, and would retain possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if nobody touches the ball on either team, and the ball stops moving, the ball is blown dead.  This prevents one team or the other from delaying the game unnecessarily (such as, in a punt in the last minute).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-10-03T19:38:24.190" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T19:38:24.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3606" CreationDate="2014-10-03T19:16:34.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the historical reasons, the reason that not only do you have to have 7 men on the line, but you have to have a &lt;em&gt;particular&lt;/em&gt; seven men, is to avoid confusion about who is eligible to catch a pass. From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.info/download/2012mediaguides/2013%20nfl%20rule%20book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 7 section 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Section 5 Position of Players at the Snap &#xA;Article 1: Offensive Team. The offensive team must be in compliance with the following at the snap: &#xA;(a) It must have seven or more players on its line (3-19-1); and &#xA;(b) Eligible receivers must be on both ends of the line, and all of the players on &#xA;    the line between them must be ineligible receivers. &#xA;(c) No player may be out of bounds. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, not only must seven men be on the line, but those seven must be the 5 ineligible receivers (the offensive line, who may not be the first to touch a pass, and must stay behind the line on passing plays prior to the pass being thrown) with one eligible receiver on each side of them.  You'll hear fouls periodically saying &quot;The receiver was covering up the tight end&quot; and similar, which means a WR was on the line and a TE inside of that WR was off the line (typically because the TE went in motion and the two of them didn't properly reset).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That helps the defense, as they then know which five players they don't have to cover in pass defense. Otherwise it would sometimes be confusing as to which of the 6 linemen was eligible without looking at their numbers (which isn't always possible when they're in their stance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T19:16:34.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5856" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-03T21:30:00.240" Score="5" ViewCount="12990" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there statistics that collect information about the cash flow of sports clubs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I am wondering is, in general do the team owners have to spend money to manage the club, for passion (I hope), or can they earn money from this activity as a job or an &quot;financial investment&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am thinking about the most important European football/soccer clubs, or US basketball/hockey/football teams and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-11-03T08:03:26.933" LastActivityDate="2022-05-17T16:51:46.193" Title="Do team owners earn or spend money for their clubs?" Tags="|statistics|finances|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5852" CreationDate="2014-10-04T00:14:40.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the receiving team is not &quot;liable&quot; for anything that happens to the ball until one of their players touch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A receiver may elect to catch a punt and run with it, but he also has the right to &quot;let it go&quot; if he judges that it is &quot;too hot to handle.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the kicking team may &quot;down&quot; or stop the ball, but the receiving team will still get it. The kicking team may do this to avoid the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the kicking team allows the ball into the end zone for instance, the receiving team gets a touchback on their 20 yard line. Put another way, whatever the kicking team does with the ball is done at their own risk, because the receiving team gets the best of all possible results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a receiving team will let the kicking team take all the risks until it is time for them to take possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2014-10-04T00:14:40.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2014-10-04T00:24:25.277" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can think of a couple instances where it is an advantage for the athlete to be small. They are both &quot;racing&quot; situations, and the athlete in question is a &quot;controller.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is the &quot;coxswain&quot; (caller) on a rowing team. His function is necessary, but the smaller he is, the less burden on his teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second, as someone else pointed out, is a jockey on a horse, where the jockey has the dual role of controlling the horse and not being a burden on the horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-10-05T00:27:30.707" LastActivityDate="2014-10-05T00:27:30.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5860" CreationDate="2014-10-04T00:30:14.690" Score="8" ViewCount="13734" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that this is done in critical situations, as when there are opposing men on base, usually more than one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true and if so, why is that? Is it to increase the chances of striking out the next batter, or otherwise decrease that chances of the batter making contact with the ball that may even get him out, but advance the runners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:25:26.253" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T20:59:36.943" Title="Why do pitchers sometimes pitch &quot;out of the stretch?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5859" CreationDate="2014-10-04T01:04:00.673" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two ways to deliver a pitch from the mound:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The windup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The stretch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most pitchers will pitch out of the windup when there are no runners on base.  It usually helps with the pitchers rhythm.  They are able to use a high leg kick and deliver a pitch.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some relievers will pitch out of the stretch whether or not there is a runner on base.  This is because they often come in with runners on base and their rhythm is to pitch out of the stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the stretch, it is used to deter the other teams runners from stealing a base.  If the pitcher was in the windup, as soon as he started his windup the runners can steal.  If the pitchers stops his windup that would be a balk with runners on base.  He can still pick from the windup by stepping off with his foot that is on the rubber. (RHP would step off with his right foot and vice versa for a LHP.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the stretch pitchers will slide step to deliver the ball quickly to home.  This is when they step to home without bringing their lead leg up very far from the ground.  Many pitchers can be around 1.2 seconds to home plate with the slide step, giving the catcher a good chance to throw a stealing runner out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Basically the difference is in the time to the plate, which is why all pitchers pitch out of the stretch with runners on 1st and or 2nd.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One side note is that with a runner on third &lt;strong&gt;some&lt;/strong&gt; pitchers may choose to pitch out of the windup because in order to get the runner out stealing home, they simply have to get the ball to the catcher.  This is a per pitcher and situation type of thing and while not common, it is certainly not rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually there is a slight to mild drop off in the effectiveness of pitchers pitches when they are in the stretch, especially using a slide step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitching_position&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a brief Wiki article that may help understanding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T22:04:39.060" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T22:04:39.060" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5862" CreationDate="2014-10-05T17:54:28.587" Score="5" ViewCount="1631" Body="&lt;p&gt;The starter left after five innings with a one run lead. (Actually, he was &quot;pulled&quot; after letting the first two batters on base in the sixth.) A reliever comes on, &quot;strands&quot; the two inherited runners in the sixth, then pitches the seventh and the eighth, that is a total of three innings. From what I understand, pitching three innings is one way to earn a save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A closer pitches the ninth. And neither side scored after the starter left so the lead remained at one run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the closer automatically get the save? Or might the three inning pitcher get the credit since he stranded two inherited runners? And it isn't possible for both of them to get the save, is it, even though both &quot;qualify?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2014-10-08T03:39:11.377" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T03:39:11.377" Title="Who qualifies for a &quot;save&quot; in this example?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5861" CreationDate="2014-10-05T18:55:33.420" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; state the following about saves:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A save is a statistic credited to a relief pitcher, as set forth in this Rule 10.19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official scorer shall credit a pitcher with a save when such pitcher meets all&#xA;  four of the following conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) He is the finishing pitcher in a game won by his team; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) He is not the winning pitcher; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) He is credited with at least 1/3 of an inning pitched; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) He satisfies one of the following conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He enters the game with a lead of no more than three runs and pitches for at least one inning; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He enters the game, regardless of the count, with the potential tying run either on base, or at bat or on deck (that is, the potential tying run is either already on base or is one of the first two batters he faces); or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He pitches for at least three innings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, the closer qualifies for the save since he satisfies all 4 conditions.  The reliever who came on in the 6th and pitched 3 innings cannot qualify for the save since he was not the finishing pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-10-05T19:24:19.307" LastActivityDate="2014-10-05T19:24:19.307" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5849" CreationDate="2014-10-06T11:32:22.887" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is awarded based on votes by coaches and captains of international teams, as well as selected journalists from around the world. The players with maximum votes are shortlisted. Its just for fan fair i think. The voting closes way before the shortlists are out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T11:32:22.887" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2014-10-06T17:07:01.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fernando Peyroteo is one of the best strikers (maybe the best, attending to the statistics) in football history.&#xA;He was a Portuguese striker and has played in Sporting Clube de Portugal (former club of Cristiano Ronaldo) all his career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appearances: 197&#xA;Goals: 330&#xA;Average: 1.68 goals/game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Peyroteo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Peyroteo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6421" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-10-15T04:11:44.703" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T04:11:44.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-06T19:58:12.040" Score="6" ViewCount="8514" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came to know 2/222 is called Richie Benaud score. Why is it so? Does it have anything to do with his commentary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6328" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-07T13:29:31.177" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T13:29:31.177" Title="why is 2/222 called Richie benaud score?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5868" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10359" CreationDate="2014-10-06T23:39:31.950" Score="14" ViewCount="42936" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see them do this all the time during basketball games, for some weird reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems so unsanitary, considering they're running all over the place and wiping their hands there. I thought maybe it's related to getting a grip on the ball? Or is it to get rid of sweat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1739" LastActivityDate="2022-08-26T05:46:22.887" Title="Why do basketball players wipe their hands on their shoes?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5868" CreationDate="2014-10-06T23:57:07.533" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do this to prevent their shoes from getting slippery. It is the same reason they mop the floors near the hoops. It is important that the players have a good grip on the floor, and if their shoes are damp they do not have enough traction. It reduces the risk of injury and helps them to play better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T23:57:07.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5870" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-07T05:33:41.430" Score="6" ViewCount="9267" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a greyhound race is described as A4 480m, what does that mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the 480m means that it is a 480 metre race. But what does the A4 mean? Or if it is S2 or OR?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6389" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-10-07T20:09:32.917" LastActivityDate="2021-02-18T11:40:37.600" Title="Greyhound Racing Descriptions" Tags="|greyhound-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5867" CreationDate="2014-10-07T08:25:47.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it does - he has an unusual (to some ears) way of pronouncing the word &quot;two&quot;, with a little whistle involved. This has been emphasised by some comedians, particularly Billy Bermingham in his (very funny) 12th Man series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T08:25:47.173" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5849" CreationDate="2014-10-07T16:20:01.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't really much insight into how the 23-man shortlist is generated, other than who decides. It's presumably no different than yourself and friends discussing who should be on the shortlist however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shortlist is decided by the FIFA committee and some experts from France Football as shown &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/news/y=2013/m=10/news=men-shortlists-for-fifa-ballon-2013-revealed-2207371.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;prdp&lt;/code&gt; is referring to the actual voting on players on the shortlist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3719" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T16:20:01.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5875" CreationDate="2014-10-07T18:08:35.820" Score="3" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer**&#xA;I tried to make this question as unbiased and as unopinionated as possible.  I notice a discrepancy in how teams are ranked in college football polls vs how they are ranked in NFL power rankings, but I was not able to use solely facts and figures to explain what I notice.  Rather, I tried to explain what I observe and why I observe it that way.  If this does not meet StackExchange guidelines, please advise me to clarify instead of simply closing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How I understand NCAA football polls...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Voters seem to vote fairly rigidly based on game outcomes, something to the effect of &quot;Games X, Y, Z ended in scenario A, B, and C, so we must rank the teams accordingly.&quot;  Watching teams move up and down in the polls, combined with the analysis I watch/hear, rankings seem to have the following significant factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Win/Loss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bad losses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Margin of victory&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This all sounds completely logical, but many times I'll see an upset or a fluke ending to a game that will totally mix up the polls, and overestimate or underestimate the true quality of a team (&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/college-football/rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;per 2014 week 7 polls&lt;/a&gt;, it seems unlikely that voters believe Ole Miss is truly the 3rd best team in the country).  I see a lot of week-to-week volatility in the polls that doesn't seem to accurately reflect who is truly the best, second best, third, etc.  It seems the voters use the above criteria to rank teams based on who deserves specific rankings, instead of truly who is the better team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On November 18, 2006 #1 Ohio State edged out #2 Michigan 42-39, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_rankings#BCS_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michigan fell from #2 to #3 in both the AP and Coaches polls.&lt;/a&gt;  The rankings suggests that after this loss, the voters no longer thought Michigan was the second best team in the country.  But if the second best team loses to the best team by only 3 points, there is little else that could be done to assert that team as the second best.  This just doesn't make sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also see these scenarios often, which don't seem &quot;fair&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Team A starts the season ranked #1, loses in week 2 and goes to rank #10.  They go undefeated the rest of the season, while teams ahead of them lose, and Team A works its way back to #1 by the end of the season.&#xA;2) Team B starts the season ranked #1 and wins its first 11 games, still ranked #1.  They lose the 12th game and fall to #10 and finish the season at this spot.  It seems the voters methods allow a team that loses early in the year a better opportunity to finish high in the polls than a team that loses at the end of the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How I understand NFL power rankings...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL power rankings seem to be a less &quot;by-the-book&quot; assessment of teams' quality, but more about taking an overall look at a team's quality and applying some consistent estimate to their quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/powerrankings/_/week/3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Observe ESPN's 2014 Week 3 power rankings.&lt;/a&gt;  The 1-1 Patriots were ranked 5th, ahead of the 2-0 Cardinals ranked 9th.  The 0-2 Colts were ranked 15th ahead of the 1-1 Cowboys ranked 22nd.  It seems most NFL power rankings take a broader view of a team's quality, and do not let individual games affect a team's rank as much as it would in college football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do college football polls tend to rank teams more according to who deserves the position, as opposed to who are truly the better teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I understand college plays fewer games, so each has more impact (33.3% more)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I understand there are more college teams and less parity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These 2 factors just don't seem big enough to justify the discrepancies in ranking I have outlined above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T18:43:34.047" Title="Why are CFB polls so week-to-week compared to NFL's power ranking style?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5870" CreationDate="2014-10-07T18:14:00.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct in your guess about &lt;strong&gt;480m&lt;/strong&gt; being the length of the race.  As for &lt;strong&gt;A4&lt;/strong&gt; or other classifications, it is the grade of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically &lt;strong&gt;A4&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a middle grade race.  This is a UK grading system and the system is described below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;U.K. - Top Grade - (A1 - A3) equilavent to American greyhound grades (A, B) and Australian grades (1, 2). Some 'top graders' may also compete in major race events and can average speeds around a track between 38-39 mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;U.K. - Middle Grade - (A4 - A6) equilavent to American grades (C, D) and Australian grades (3, 3/4, 4). Occasionally 'graded runners' competing at the very best &amp;quot;city tracks&amp;quot; maybe the equal of 'A1' graded dogs running at perhaps lesser tracks. These hounds average speeds between 37-38 miles per hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;U.K. - Low Grade - (A7 - A11) equilavent to American grades (E, F and Maidens) and Aussie grades (4/5, 5 and Maidens). Most dogs will begin or finish their racing careers in the lower grades and generally record speeds between 35-37 mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;U.K. - B Grade - (B1 - B6) This grade prefix usually indicates to either a slightly shorter or longer middle-distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt; classification, that means &amp;quot;open race&amp;quot; meaning it is the highest level of racing in the UK.  &lt;em&gt;This does not mean that it is open to any participant.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to the &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;S&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, this distinguishes the race distance. &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;S&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is for a hound that has qualified in a sprint distance.  &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is for a hound that has qualified in a middle distance.  There is also &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; for long distance, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; for hurdles, and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;N&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; for novice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the lower the number of next to the letter is, the faster the race is.  The letter distinguishes the race type (distance) and the distance is of course the actual distance of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Here are a few references:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greyhoundpredictor.com/prediction/page2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Race Guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.igb.ie/Racing/grading-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grading Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T18:14:00.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5873" CreationDate="2014-10-07T18:30:55.367" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;College rankings sort of matter. NFL power rankings don't at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a number of factors here, but let's examine what the two are, so we can make sure we know how apples to oranges this comparison &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Collegiate Rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are &lt;em&gt;official&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;polls&lt;/strong&gt; done by major new organizations. The two major polls are the AP poll and the USA Today poll. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the AP poll members of the media rank their top 25 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the USA Today poll, NCAA I-A coaches vote for their top 25 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These lists are compiled, and posted on major sports websites. Until this year, these polls were factored into the computer rankings that determined which two teams would compete for the national championship. This year, four teams will be selected to compete, and these polls &lt;em&gt;may or may not&lt;/em&gt; factor into the decision making process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Power Rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyone can put together a power rankings. Generally the major ones are a single, or small set of journalists ranking the best teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ESPN, SI, YSports and &lt;em&gt;many&lt;/em&gt; other organizations put out their own Power Rankings. These rankings have &lt;em&gt;absolutely no&lt;/em&gt; importance whatsoever to determining league championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously this is apples to oranges. Aggregated polls versus very small sample analysis  means that the results really aren't comparable between the two functions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why they differ dramatically in how they move teams about, it actually probably has a lot to do with their intent, but also how the post season in each league is structured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With respect to intent, College football polls are used to rank teams, and have long held importance in both determining who is who in the league, and in generally determining who is the better team. Power rankings have never had much importance and at best are the stuff of Sunday afternoon BSing in bars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The post season structure in the leagues is the real money here though. Poll results have for decades played a huge roll in who was, or got to play to be the national champion. It used to be that at the end of the season the AP #1 was declared champ. Then the BCS came into being and the AP poll became a factor among others in determining who would play in the title game (there were BCS standing released based on computer formulas). The winner of that game was declared #1 team in the final AP poll of the season. Other post season games &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; take poll placement into consideration in college, bowl selection is a big deal, and bowls by contract get to choose teams in a specific order from various conferences. The polls help them decide who to choose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the way that college football post season is structured, lends itself &lt;em&gt;heavily&lt;/em&gt; to week to week adjustments. If there are four top conference undefeated teams, and a bunch of good one loss teams, those 4 top conference undefeated teams are going to the playoff, not those good one loss teams. In contrast, top NFL teams usually lose 2-4 games a season, so power rankings can afford to be less capricious. NCAA rankings &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; to be harsh, because there are usually a lot of good, comparable teams, and losses are much more magnified (since the best teams go undefeated or lose at &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; 2 games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL does not use polls, but instead uses actual standings (which is more fair in the NFL where teams play consistent schedules year to year, and have approximately the same difficulty schedule...or at least within an order of magnitude compared to collegiate schedules). Since they have no polls, none of the rankings actually have any consequence in the NFL game and can thus be more capricious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;last thing to reiterate is that generally NCAA polls are decided by large bodies and NFL power rankings are often just a guy, or maybe a small team. They aren't really comparable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-10-07T18:43:34.047" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T18:43:34.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5878" CreationDate="2014-10-07T23:43:26.253" Score="4" ViewCount="1256" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Baseball, why do the batters waiting to go and bat have some kind of cover on their bat? It's not a full cover, it just seems to be something that goes around the thick part of the bat. It looks like a knee/elbow protector that someone has slid over their bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He wasn't even swinging at balls or anything, just swinging at air. It seemed almost like he was trying to cover up what was on the bat (like a picture or text)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T23:58:47.730" Title="Why do Baseball players cover their bats?" Tags="|equipment|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5877" CreationDate="2014-10-07T23:58:47.730" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright so these are what used to be known as 'donuts.' They are a weight sleeve or ring that the player puts on the bat to make it heavier as they warm up. They take the practice swings with the bat heavier so their muscles adjust to the weight, then remove it so the bat feels much lighter and they have a quicker swing. It is a very effective tactic that I use myself when I play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T23:58:47.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5880" CreationDate="2014-10-08T06:42:41.943" Score="12" ViewCount="1312" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was an unusual play in tonight's NLDS game between San Francisco and Washington.  With runners at second and third, and one out, the Nationals pitcher P threw a wild pitch (on an intentional ball, no less).  The catcher C went to pick up the ball, P came in to cover the plate, and the runner R3 from third tried to score.  C collected the ball and threw to P who tagged R3, and R3&#xA; was ruled out.  The radio announcers seemed to think that P had blocked the plate before having the ball, in violation of the newly instituted Rule 7.13(2), but the play was reviewed and upheld.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7.13 reads as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) A runner attempting to score may not deviate from his direct pathway to the plate&#xA;  in order to initiate contact with the catcher (or other player covering home plate).&#xA;  If, in the judgment of the umpire, a runner attempting to score initiates contact with&#xA;  the catcher (or other player covering home plate) in such a manner, the umpire shall&#xA;  declare the runner out (even if the player covering home plate loses possession of&#xA;  the ball). In such circumstances, the umpire shall call the ball dead, and all other&#xA;  base runners shall return to the last base touched at the time of the collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2)&#xA;  Unless the catcher is in possession of the ball, the catcher cannot block the pathway&#xA;  of the runner as he is attempting to score. If, in the judgment of the umpire, the&#xA;  catcher without possession of the ball blocks the pathway of the runner, the umpire&#xA;  shall call or signal the runner safe. Notwithstanding the above, it shall not be considered a violation of this Rule 7.13 if the catcher blocks the pathway of the runner&#xA;  in order to field a throw, and the umpire determines that the catcher could not have&#xA;  fielded the ball without blocking the pathway of the runner and that contact with&#xA;  the runner was unavoidable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Since P is not a catcher, does Rule 7.13(2) even apply?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us suppose, for the sake of argument, that P did block the pathway of the runner before he was in possession of the ball, and that it was not necessary for him to do so in order to field the throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting that 7.13(1) is careful to clarify this point with the phrase &quot;catcher (or other player covering home plate)&quot; in every instance, and 7.13(2) doesn't include that phrase.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the announcers (I think it was Jon Miller) suggested that it was plausible the rule intended the catcher to be treated differently, since he normally wears extra protective gear which other players do not have (and so might be more inclined to try to block the plate in general).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In the game in question, it sounds as though P may have needed to block the plate in order to field the throw, and so was not in violation of 7.13(2).  But I'm asking whether the rule even applied to him in the first place.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T18:52:43.317" Title="Does MLB Rule 7.13(2) (on blocking the plate) apply to players other than the catcher?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5879" CreationDate="2014-10-08T18:52:43.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of the links that I have found that talk about the call believe the rule is applied to position players too.  Part 2 does not state anything about players besides catchers, so I wouldn't necessarily come to this conclusion.  During the broadcast on Fox Sports 1, a rules official did clarify that if the pitcher was blocking the plate, part 2 of Rule 7.13 would apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be interesting to see where this rule goes, there has already been a lot of grey area exposed, and some of it has been clarified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the links I could find that explicitly talk about Rule 7.13:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/97921628/intentional-ball-turns-into-wild-reviewed-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2014/10/7/6944035/buster-posey-plate-play-slide-gif-giants-nationals-nlds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;SB Nation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T18:52:43.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5881" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5884" CreationDate="2014-10-09T05:04:24.747" Score="5" ViewCount="834" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the LA Kings vs San Jose Sharks game tonight and saw something I hadn't see or realized before.  There was a face-off in one of the defensive zones.  The referee fake the puck drop and the players came together, the referee in the neutral zone blew his whistle (I am assuming to indicate an infraction).  Instead of throwing a guy out of the face-off, the linesman held up his pointer finger indicating a &quot;1&quot; and showed it to the referee that blew the whistle.  The face-off went on as usual, but I hadn't seen that before.  My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this new?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What does it mean?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it was an infraction, why wasn't a player thrown out of the face-off?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T14:25:39.857" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T14:25:39.857" Title="Linesman puts finger in the air after deking a face off" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5849" CreationDate="2014-10-09T05:18:02.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA elects a committee to decide which all players should be nominated to 23 man shortlist. Its based on their performance not a code but a guideline. Like academy award jury. I read across a report that Real Madrid President Florentino Perez will be a part of that committee for 3rd consecutive year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p.s -Jumpingcode, i changed my answer, review this one &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T05:18:02.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5881" CreationDate="2014-10-09T17:24:38.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They no longer throw guys out of the face off circle. The face off will get waived off after the first infraction and after the second the player goes to the box. This is to mainly stop players from intentionally getting thrown out to let players get a short rest. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26487&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;76.6 &lt;strong&gt;Violations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; – If a center should move prematurely prior to the face-off, or if the Referee or Linesman shall have dropped the puck unfairly, the face-off shall be considered a face-off violation and it must be conducted again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a least two face-off violations have been committed by the same team during the same face-off, this team shall be penalized with a bench minor penalty to the offending team. This penalty shall be announced as a “Bench Minor Penalty for Delay of Game – Face-off Violation.”  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6430" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-10-09T23:59:56.550" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T23:59:56.550" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5467" CreationDate="2014-10-10T14:54:32.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batting index, at least in the matches telecasted by skysports (the recent t20 between England and India) is a simple addition of a batsman's average and strike rate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if a batsman has an average of 23 and a strike rate of 120 , his batting index will be 143.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10841469/England-should-continue-placing-great-faith-in-statistics-under-Peter-Moores.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10841469/England-should-continue-placing-great-faith-in-statistics-under-Peter-Moores.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the link above there is aline explaining what I said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6328" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T14:54:32.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5890" CreationDate="2014-10-10T17:36:08.600" Score="5" ViewCount="7188" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sabermetrics and advanced stats have become a big part of baseball in the recent years.  Defensive shifts are growing rapidly.  &quot;Old School&quot; stats are becoming less relevant compare to &quot;New School&quot; stats.  This has trickled into the NBA, with the Houston Rockets starting to make organizational decisions based on advanced stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that there are advanced stats for football, but it seems that most teams play by the book still.  One difference between football and other sports is the spending and the market size.  There aren't any football teams that are referred to as small market and the salary cap rules keep most teams similar in spending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In college, the spread offense has leveled the playing field some between power house schools and smaller schools, but the NFL is the collection of the best 2,000 (roughly) players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any teams, organizations that are applying a deeper level&#xA;of sabermetrics to the game and personnel decisions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If advance analytics were used in football more, what would we expect&#xA;to see? (I've seen that punting would become a thing of the past,&#xA;more onside kicks, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T17:44:18.510" LastActivityDate="2023-05-29T20:59:29.803" Title="Sabermetrics Applied to American Football, Specifically the NFL" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4670" CreationDate="2014-10-10T20:28:48.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A hockey puck is a very flat cylinder. We may compute very easily the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Moment of Inertia&lt;/a&gt; of a hockey puck in both the axis of symmetry (going through the center of the puck from top to bottom) and the central axis (going through the sides of the puck) quite easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The moment of inertia around the axis of symmetry is 27 square inch square ounces, while moment of inertia around the central axis is 28.5 inch square ounces. These quantities are not vastly different, and if you grab a hockey puck, it's about as easy to flip as it is to spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference, however, is that a hockey puck's stable attitude is going to be laying flat. As such, most of the time when you play with the puck, it's going to tend to lay flat on the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not hard to flip a puck end-over-end, but unlike the aerodynamics of a ball, a hockey puck has relatively large flat surfaces. This makes controlling the puck in such a way very difficult, and it's quite hard to shoot a puck if it's not laying flat. Due to the motion of a shot and the geometry of a stick blade, shooting a puck on-edge makes it much more prone to go high, and it's hard to control the accuracy. In addition, it's much harder to shoot the puck with any high velocity, as the puck doesn't sit well in the blade of the stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like a football, a puck flipping end-over-end will bounce unpredictably. Occasionally, players will attempt to surprise a goalie by flipping the puck to try to get a lucky bounce, and even in the pros, it happens a few times a year that a goalie lets one by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, flipping the puck at the goalie like this is a low-probability play, and it is one that is nearly guaranteed to result in a change of possession. Consequently, it's rarely done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's much better to try to shoot the puck hard and accurate in order to beat the goalie in a spot where they're not expected to make a save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the spin of the puck actually does very little in terms of its dynamics. The puck is too heavy and the flight times are too short for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_effect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Magnus Effect&lt;/a&gt; to have much of an impact on the puck's trajectory, and the moments of inertia being so close in value mean that the rotational effect does very little to stabilize the puck. The spin is a consequence of the shot mechanics -- stick blades are curved to give the player control over the puck while handling it and shooting it, not to induce spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pace of hockey is extremely fast. Any deception is better suited by using your other players (e.g. fake a shot and pass to an open player with a better view of the net) than attempting to play trickery with a shot. Even a 65 mph shot, which is fairly slow, especially for the pros, will travel 25 feet in about a quarter of a second. Speed and accuracy, not deception, are the shooter's best friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="708" LastEditorUserId="708" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T20:53:12.430" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T20:53:12.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-11T01:20:47.750" Score="9" ViewCount="7113" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, the ball starts at the line of scrimmage and from there is hiked back to the quarterback. Doing this creates room for the quarterback to make passing or running plays. Clearly hiking the ball is a good thing; but do the rules absolutely require it? Or, as bad an idea as it may be, could a team try to move the ball forwards directly from the line of scrimmage with out hiking it back first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6434" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T02:25:20.080" Title="Is hiking the football required or just a good idea?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5888" CreationDate="2014-10-11T05:52:58.657" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL the snap must be taken by someone who is not on the line of scrimmage - so none of the 5 ineligible receivers can be the first to handle a snap (guard grabbing snap for instance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only caveat to this is anyone can touch the ball once it has hit the ground.  There are several trick plays usually ran in inclement weather (that hides ball view) where center snaps ball to ground and guard scoops and runs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA has similar rules/restrictions.  However when you get to high school and below depending on the state/league the restrictions on the hand-offs can go up.  For instance in a league I coached in I ran a play where the guard received the ball while pulling.  The next year it was banned.  In fact in almost all pee-wee leagues there are usually rules enforcing that if a lineman has the ball it is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why doesn't the center (or guard) run the ball in the NFL/NCAA?  Two reasons - First if you have a guy that gets blown up before receiving the ball then that is high risk for turnover - remember you will be putting the lineman in a vulnerable position.  The second is the reward.  There is little reward in giving the ball to a 300 pound lineman who is barely moving.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T05:52:58.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5886" CreationDate="2014-10-11T06:30:54.337" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;First you have two questions here.  The first regarding circumstantial analysis about when to punt and so forth.  ESPN has done many simulations on when the computers say you should punt, kick, or go for it.  To summarize if I remember correctly it was basically go for it until it is over 4th and 10 past your 30.  Inside your 30, punt on 4th and 5 or longer.  FGs were a trickier stance because you have to look at chance to make a FG but then % you will get the first down and also score a TD.  Basically kicking on 4th and 5 or longer and maybe allowing a few more yards for longer FGs.  On &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=easterbrookpreview/070904&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Greg Easterbrook&lt;/a&gt; has had a lot of simulations.  As you said punting leaves lot of potential points on the table according to the analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However... This is not baseball.  Punting is very comparable to bunting by the stat heads.  But baseball is a series of events that have little impact on one another.  Football is the opposite.  This is where this type of historical statistical analysis breaks down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:  1st quarter and the other team just marched down the field and scored a TD on a 6 minute drive.  You get the ball on your 30.  Three plays later you are sitting on your 35.  Numbers say go for it.  The numbers don't understand that your offense isn't clicking yet.  Numbers don't take into account that if your defense goes right back out, they will be shell-shocked seeing the team start with the field position.  Also the other team would be on an emotional high getting the ball there.  So if you do get the first down?  Well that doesn't guarantee that you will get another yard on the drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really in football you have two factors around this analysis that is almost impossible to control.  Fatigue and emotion.  These are real things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My own opinion on this is somewhere in between never punt and the current status quo.  I think it is more about match up and situation.  Now does it make me cringe 99.9% of the time I see a coach at any level punt the ball on the opponents 45 on 4th and 2.  YES!  Unless you have no offensive ability it never makes sense to give up the ball and probable scoring chance for 2 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second question - sabermetrics&#xA;Every NFL team has &amp;quot;sabermetrics&amp;quot;.  Some much more advanced than others.  Even keeping stats for teams I coach we grade every player each play.  For defensive lineman for example we have a zone rating (player controlling zone), leverage rating (how well does player shed block or control offensive lineman), depth rating (our lineman are getting up field), blow-ups (causing play to jump backwards), and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get great real numbers I can quantifiably show that player X is outperforming player Y.  These stats are great when player Y looks like Hercules and everyone thinks he should play and player X looks average but performs consistently.  What I have found is that most coaches play kids based on their maximum potential - and this happens in the NFL too.  I can tell you this - less than 2% of players play all out all the time.  So these stats are great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the flaws...  First it is next to impossible to get these stats without being the coach.  To rate someone you must understand both the play and what they have been taught as their responsibility.  You must also understand if other players interfered with a player (which happens ALL THE TIME in football - and yes we keep that as a stat too).  The second is that really this person needs to be the same person doing stats all time and can do so in a fair way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take offensive lineman as a sabermetrics example.  Let's say you have a guy who is firing off the ball and just destroying guys so you want to measure speed off the ball as a positive trait.  Well I have coached guys who fly off the ball and guys who are more about technique and impact points.  So again we have to figure out if a metric is &amp;quot;positive&amp;quot; then if a player doesn't do a positive metric well then he should be performing below average or you have a bad metric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again the sabermetrics in football are all over the place.  KC Joyner has some and I laugh when I see some of his stats and some of his stuff is great.  Football Outsiders does some advanced metrics too.  This isn't baseball though.  One guys trash could be another guys treasure because they are in opposite schemes and have different wants.  So I think some of the advanced metrics will show up on more sites but really the numbers that matter are how you are grading out in-house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Addendum:&lt;/strong&gt; Thinking about this I had an extra thought.  First I would like to accept my pro-don't-punt bias since I have coached for years and feel like my play calling forms an advantage (but don't all coaches feel this way?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point that I didn't include in my analysis is &lt;strong&gt;time&lt;/strong&gt;.  I find that most people compare these types of situations as to being at a blackjack table.  If you have a 51% chance of winning when hitting on 16 you should always do it.  But if you are sitting at a blackjack table you have unlimited time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a football game if you are on the wrong end of a few of these situational outcomes early in the game your team is behind the 8-ball.  So if you find yourself down 28-7 at half instead of 14-7 based on two fourth down fails your game plan for the second half is much more limited.  The defense knowing that you have to pass more is at an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So going back to the blackjack example it would be like saying you will always hit on 16 but after 1 hour your odds of winning on 16 is 40% per hand.  The time factor is a big deal for teams with more talent.  They don't want to shoot themselves early in the game when they know they have a better than 50% chance of winning every drive.  A team that lacks talent could definitely use a higher scoring deviation to increase its odds though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T16:16:13.910" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5859" CreationDate="2014-10-11T06:51:27.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When pitching out of the stretch you have two main advantages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When you are in your set position you can still attempt a pick-off.  So after you have brought your hands together and foot back, you can still attempt to throw to any base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is the biggest reason... You don't lose time stepping backwards.  In the wind-up you are required to step behind the mound with your non-mound foot before delivering the ball home.  No matter how fast you are at doing this it has to take at least .5 second and more than enough time to give even the slowest runners an extra 10 feet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you pick a guy off out of the full wind-up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.  Just step behind the mound with your mound pivot foot and throw to any base.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When do guys go to the stretch:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there is any runner on base.  Even with a man on third almost all pitchers would be in the stretch.  Pitchers don't practice stepping back fast so their backwards step to forward motion could take longer than a second which would allow average runners to take home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do some guys always throw from the stretch:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wind-up has the advantage of giving you more momentum.  But some guys give that away for familiarity.  You can't be in the wind-up all the time but you can be in the stretch all the time.  So by only practicing pitching from the stretch you get extra practice with arm angles and release points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T06:51:27.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5470" CreationDate="2014-10-11T07:11:03.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, as a coach you will specifically coach your team on how to call your strong or the weak side.  So just the call itself can vary greatly from team to team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, most teams today either count eligibles or count bigs.  We might consider the strong side of the formation the side with the most eligibles on it.  We might also only count bigs.  The term bigs can vary too.  Sometimes bigs are TE/FB.  Sometimes we throw the RB in with bigs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, how we count for each team will depend on the teams tendencies, players, and formations.  For some teams left might always be strong (because opposing team has right handed quarterback that boots out on half the passes).  I have had coaches come over to me after games and compliment our team for bottling up their quarterback...  Did you think if you throw out 3 receivers to the left that I was going to let your QB roll right all day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fourth, sometimes we don't even count.  So I got a tiny DE that is lightning fast and a bigger DE that stuffs the run.  Well I want my fast DE on the side of the QBs throwing hand (might be opposite in the NFL but in all other levels you want your speed on throwing hand).  So when I have this type of arrangement I might have a complimentary OLB/safety combo.  On the slower DE side I want a faster OLB.  What I am saying is that sometimes strong is always left.  No matter what because we want to force a team to match our players vs the other way around.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is - It is up to each coach.  So if you face a team that goes single back, twins on each side in the middle of the field what is the strong side?  Whatever coach tells you it should be.  As a coach your players should never be surprised and should understand every scenario.  On the flip side, it could just be strong left all day long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T18:14:39.830" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T18:14:39.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3631" CreationDate="2014-10-11T07:32:14.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At that age group you pick the best players available.  Being the best is not only ability but willingness to play hard all the time (and do some dirty work).  Also defense should count for more than offense at that level.  Even good rec league players aren't GREAT scorers, so defense is more important.  You can get lucky and make shots, you can't get lucky (consistently) and make jump shots with a guy in your face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also for that age range I would think big men would be less coveted (most tall young rec league players can't finish).  I played in a league a few years ago with a lot of college teams (out of season).  What is funny is that most of the teams were just the bigs.  So we are facing a team whose PG is 6'5&quot;.  Well the first game we lost by 40.  The second game we pressed the entire time... didn't lose another game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just by putting guys into buckets you are disabling your team.  You can start 3 &quot;PG&quot;s and 2 &quot;SF&quot;s in a rec league and be dominant.  If the two best players are both centers then get those two guys first.  I would do the exact opposite of what Matt said.  I would go best players for first 3 rounds for sure.  After that I might bump a guy up or down a little based on need.  And when I say need it would have to be a really drastic need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example of the need flaw:  So you are in round 3 and have no PG.  The 4 best available players are bigs.  You take the next best PG.  Well now you have your team ran by a middling PG who will look to dominate ball since he has best ball skills, but he really isn't a good player.  You would be better off getting the big and creating a mismatch.  Understanding that you might have a few more turnovers but easier scoring once you get the ball up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T07:32:14.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3151" CreationDate="2014-10-11T07:57:34.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player is consulted with before designated to I.R.  They could have a long fingernail and be put on I.R. as long as both sides agree.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player can file a grievance if they feel they are not injured.  From there the player would have to pass a physical by league.  The team would have to reinstate player, move player to practice squad or cut player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player gets moved to practice squad every team has the ability to pick them up if they will move the player to their starting roster.  Some teams put players on I.R. vs cutting player simply to make sure no one else can use him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if a team cuts a player, they might have salary cap or contract issues to face.  If the player has guaranteed money it will all go to next year's cap.  The player might also have guarantees on annual compensation.  So then you would be cutting someone you will pay fully anyways.  You might want the player around to see how he looks during rehab.  Last thing you want is to have a need at his position and wonder what he was doing the past 8 months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also a few other things to consider.  When a team cuts a player, they may lose overall good will in the league.  No one (agents too) wants to sign a contract with a small bonus knowing that this team likes to cut players.  So the move could potentially cost the team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another factor is that if a player was hurt, no matter how small, and they are cut then there are usually some legal issues.  Basically the two sides have to come together for an injury settlement.  This happens a few times a year at least but pushes bad will out on both sides.  The team looks like they are casting off the injured and the player looks bad for collecting money for no play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The truth is IR is a bit of a joke.  The new rule allowing for a couple of short term IR exceptions helped but IR still is a joke.  Some rosters are loaded.  So teams that want to keep a players rights throw them on IR - player agrees so he doesn't get cut.  It is kind of like a redshirt year.  Also on really bad teams you might have little to no depth at a position.  Well you can only have so many inactives...  well now a guy out for 4-5 weeks is gone all year.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules were put in place - short inactive list, 53 man roster, IR rules - so that teams couldn't hoard borderline players and so that talent was better dispersed.   To a point the rules might help a little but IR is used more for circumvention. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T07:57:34.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-11T11:18:49.233" Score="8" ViewCount="2456" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which players won both &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_U-20_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA U-20 World Cup&lt;/a&gt; (until 2005 known as the FIFA World Youth Championship) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would show players who excelled both in the young age and in their later career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that there will not be too many such players but, of course, I might be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did not find any source where I could systematically search for statistics like this. By some more-or-less random searching I was able to find &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona#Country&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maradona&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunga#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dunga&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavi#Spain&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Xavi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2023-05-25T07:59:41.703" Title="Which players won both FIFA U-20 World Cup and FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5895" CreationDate="2014-10-11T11:18:49.233" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.terra.com/soccer/maradona-and-other-youth-and-senior-world-champions-photos,99ffb3331afaf310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20141110220044/https://sports.terra.com/soccer/maradona-and-other-youth-and-senior-world-champions-photos,99ffb3331afaf310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) is correct, then the following list includes all players who won both U-20 World Cup and senior World Cup until 2013. There are some later additions too (based on other sources).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona#Country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diego Maradona&lt;/a&gt;. Maradona won the FIFA World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship#Awards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;, and also received the Golden Ball. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup#Awards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt; he won the FIFA World Cup, again receiving the Golden Ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iker_Casillas#Country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Iker Casillas&lt;/a&gt; won the FIFA World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#_Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;, and the FIFA World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;, where he was voted a member of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#All-Star_Team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all-star team&lt;/a&gt; and also won the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_awards#Golden_Glove&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golden Glove&lt;/a&gt; award for best goalkeeper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavi#Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Xavi Hernandez&lt;/a&gt; won the FIFA World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#_Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;. He was a member of the victorious Spanish team at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; World Cup, where he was also voted a member of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#All-Star_Team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all-star team&lt;/a&gt; of the tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunga#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dunga&lt;/a&gt; helped Brazil to win the World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#_Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/a&gt; and the World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;, where he also became a member of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup#All-star_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all-star team&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebeto#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bebeto&lt;/a&gt; was a member of the winning Brazilian teams at the same tournaments as Dunga.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorginho#Country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jorginho&lt;/a&gt; won the gold medal at the same tournaments as Dunga and Bebeto. He was in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup#All-star_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all-star team&lt;/a&gt; of the 1994 World Cup.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio_Taffarel#Country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cláudio Taffarel&lt;/a&gt; won the World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985&lt;/a&gt; and the World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCller_(footballer)#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Müller&lt;/a&gt; won at the same tournaments as Taffarel.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dida_(footballer,_born_1973)#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dida&lt;/a&gt; won the World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#_Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt; and was a member of the winning Brazil team at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; World Cup, although he did not play a game there.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Marchena#Country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carlos Marchena&lt;/a&gt; won the World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship_squads#_Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; and the World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt; won the FIFA World Youth Championship in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_FIFA_World_Youth_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;, winning both the Golden Ball and Golden Boot, then won the FIFA World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022&lt;/a&gt;, where he again won the Golden Ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papu_G%C3%B3mez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Papu Gómez&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Di_Mar%C3%ADa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ángel Di María&lt;/a&gt; won U-20 World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup_squads#_Argentina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; and FIFA World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Argentina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Areola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alphonse Areola&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Pogba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Pogba&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florian_Thauvin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Florian Thauvin&lt;/a&gt; and&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Umtiti&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Samuel Umtiti&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;won U-20 World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup_squads&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt; and FIFA World Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.terra.com/soccer/maradona-and-other-youth-and-senior-world-champions-photos,99ffb3331afaf310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maradona and other youth and senior world champions&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20141110220044/https://sports.terra.com/soccer/maradona-and-other-youth-and-senior-world-champions-photos,99ffb3331afaf310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lagrinta.fr/coupe-du-monde-u20-que-vont-ils-devenir&amp;amp;7245/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Coupe du monde U20 : Que vont-ils devenir?&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160203030946/http://www.lagrinta.fr/coupe-du-monde-u20-que-vont-ils-devenir&amp;amp;7245/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles of individual world cups&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-05-25T07:59:41.703" LastActivityDate="2023-05-25T07:59:41.703" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2023-01-25T23:28:25.123" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="5897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6900" CreationDate="2014-10-11T17:32:21.487" Score="5" ViewCount="2593" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you please list all pitchers who have hit a home run in the history of MLB playoffs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus: Include position players who started a postseason game as the pitcher and hit a homerun &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="7775" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T00:13:03.003" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T13:47:53.997" Title="Pitchers with postseason home run" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3149" CreationDate="2014-10-11T19:28:24.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This completely depends on the contract of the player involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyone making 5 million dollars a year will almost assuredly have an injury agreement paying them the full amount if waived or placed on IR - after a certain date in the season (for most start of OTAs or training camp).  So that is why you don't see higher priced players being waived - teams have to pay them anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They would rather keep track of their injury and keep a good reputation of player treatment.  If they do waive a high price player the player goes through the waiver process.  If no other team picks him up he is put on IR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a team waive a player?  For players with lower salaries there is usually no guarantee for injuries.  If the team didn't like what they saw, didn't like the attitude of the player, or whatever it may make sense to waive the player because they were going to do it anyway.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when waiving a player the team has to basically prorate the injury time and pay a player accordingly.  The player has to agree to this amount or they go through an arbitration process.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most younger players basically go into three buckets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team gives them a wink and says we don't want to cut you so maybe your hamstring is really tight... IR time.  They get to stash a talent on their team.  That player can go to meetings, use facilities and everything all year.  This is good for the player because they are getting paid and establishing a good relationship with a team/coach.  Bad point here is that some team maybe could have played this player this year.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that player said no to IR and team put him on practice squad then any team can make him part of their 53 man roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player is considered borderline for the league.  They get an injury but not long-term.  Instead of milking 2-4 weeks pay out of a team they ask to be waived so they can be picked up by another team.  If this player took an injury settlement then other teams might see damaged goods or a guy who is going to milk an injury settlement every time he gets dinged.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This player just isn't good enough to make a team.  They should probably take any settlement they can get.  They might not want to be around other teams until they are paid since no one can gauge their lack of value without seeing them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as salary cap any waived player released on non-guaranteed contracts (no injury provision) will not count but this is a very small percentage of money in the league because there are almost always provisions in larger contracts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even guys with smaller contracts have their contracts guaranteed if they are on the roster for more than 3 weeks (53 man roster) or if they are on a roster after week 6.  Why you see some teams bounce a guy and take him back early in the year.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T19:28:24.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5238" CreationDate="2014-10-11T21:12:08.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is an answer for this.  GWRBI (which used to be on the back of Topps baseball cards) may not be tracked officially by MLB but it is still &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/mlb/stats/player-game-winning-rbis/2014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;something you can look up&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is once data is out there it can always support a stat.  You can't take away a stat unless you take away underlying data.  Which is virtually impossible with all the new advanced metrics sites.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I could give you an example.  Let's say they look at a players caloric input for a day to determine if what he eats affects performance, and then they stop asking players for this info.  It would have to be something like that.  Player movement, hard stats, all the stuff we have become accustomed to isn't going away.  Just because something isn't official doesn't mean no one looks at it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T21:12:08.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7188" CreationDate="2014-10-11T22:44:49.380" Score="1" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pitcher can be either left- or right handed, but the better ones pitch reasonably well to both left and right handed batters. When you get to the fifth starter on the roster, however, many teams are dealing with marginal throwers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some bating teams have relatively more of left-or right-handed batters. So use one pitcher against the one set of teams and the other pitcher against the other set of teams. Jeff Locke and Brandon Cumpton of Pittsburgh come to mind. One is a lefty and one is a righty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any teams that in fact, do this, because they have &quot;fifth&quot; starters on the roster who throw a lot better against either left- or right handed batters? Perhaps combined with another back end starter who has &quot;platoon&quot; splits the other way? Meaning that it would make sense to &quot;platoon&quot; a &quot;backend&quot; starter role so that the tandem may actually be better than a fifth starter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-10-11T23:53:13.870" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T17:11:37.660" Title="Has any baseball team used a &quot;platoon&quot; for fifth starters?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5897" CreationDate="2014-10-12T02:26:53.867" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Baseball-Reference.com &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?type=b&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Batting Game Finder&lt;/a&gt; has data going back to 1903.  To get the list of pitchers who have hit home runs in the postseason, make the following setting changes on that page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;select &amp;quot;Find Players with Most Matching Games in Multiple Years&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;select &amp;quot;Postseason&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;for &amp;quot;Batter's Defensive Position&amp;quot;, make sure only &amp;quot;P&amp;quot; is checked (this will include any position player who hit a home run in a game that he made an appearance as a pitcher)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;under &amp;quot;Select Additional Criteria Games Must Match&amp;quot;, add a criteria for &amp;quot;HR &amp;gt;= 1&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After you click on &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=gmatchCar&amp;amp;suffix=_post&amp;amp;min_year_game=1903&amp;amp;max_year_game=2014&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=any&amp;amp;game_length=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;GF=anyGF&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=HR&amp;amp;c1criteria=HR&amp;amp;c1gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c1val=1&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;firstgames=&amp;amp;startgames=&amp;amp;lastgames=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Get Report&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, you will find 19 pitchers who have hit postseason home runs.  But it only shows 10 of those names, since you have to subscribe to see the entire list.  Just go back to the search form, click the &amp;quot;Use ascending order&amp;quot; box, and click &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=gmatchCar&amp;amp;suffix=_post&amp;amp;min_year_game=1903&amp;amp;max_year_game=2014&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=any&amp;amp;game_length=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;GF=anyGF&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=HR&amp;amp;order_by_asc=1&amp;amp;c1criteria=HR&amp;amp;c1gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c1val=1&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;firstgames=&amp;amp;startgames=&amp;amp;lastgames=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Get Report&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; again to see the rest of the names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 19 pitchers are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dave McNally (hit 2 postseason home runs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bob Gibson (hit 2 postseason home runs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kerry Wood&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bucky Walters&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rick Sutcliffe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jeff Suppan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jose Santiago&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rosy Ryan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mickey Lolich&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ken Holtzman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jesse Haines&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don Gullett&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mudcat Grant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mike Cuellar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Carlton&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lew Burdette&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Joe Blanton&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jack Bentley&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Bagby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;: Since the original answer, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_hit_home_runs_in_the_postseason&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 more pitchers&lt;/a&gt; have had postseason homeruns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Travis Wood&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jake Arrieta&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brandon Woodruff&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T13:47:53.997" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T13:47:53.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1897" CreationDate="2014-10-12T18:08:34.193" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cadences do vary &amp;amp; in no huddle the play is called during the cadence. The offense can make movements (linemen pointing, backs/receiver in motion/ qb dropping to shotgun) without flinching before the qb calls &quot;set&quot;. After that the snap count starts unless the qb calls an audible... Then the cadence can start over and a formation shift or motion can happen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7445" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T18:08:34.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6906" CreationDate="2014-10-12T23:12:08.987" Score="21" ViewCount="117273" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a father and son in the NFL/NBA/NHL/MLB who were both active players at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-01T05:55:03.667" LastActivityDate="2021-05-01T05:55:03.667" Title="Father and son who were active players at the same time in NFL/NBA/NHL/MLB?" Tags="|trivia|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="14" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2016-05-10T16:51:51.387" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T01:56:46.533" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely.  Ken Griffey Jr. and Ken Griffey Sr. played together in 1990 for the Seattle Mariners.  They once hit back to back home runs in a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G2AnNdjBu4&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G2AnNdjBu4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CAL/CAL199009140.shtml&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CAL/CAL199009140.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They played about a month together (8/31 to the end of the season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Hockey, Gordie Howe played with his sons Mark and Marty in 1979-80 for the Hartford Whalers.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_family_relations_in_the_NHL&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has a nice page with a list of familial relations in the NHL (they seem to have more than most leagues, probably because the sport is less popular so more likely for familial relations to be successful).  The direct link to the Howes' is at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=13009&quot;&gt;Legends of Hockey&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, it doesn't look like anyone really did in the modern era due to the very short career length compared to other sports (except for kickers); in the 1920s, Ted and Charles Nesser played together, Ted as player-coach, and I don't doubt a few more similar occurrences would be found if you looked through the 10s and 20s.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;George Wilson coached his son (also George) for the 1966 Miami Dolphins, the only example of that I found.  Ed and Brad Budde were the closest to playing with each other from the list I saw, Ed playing 1963-1976 for the Chiefs and Brad joining the Chiefs in 1980-1986.  This is from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballhof.com/UserFiles/file/FATHER-SON_May_28_2014.pdf&quot;&gt;list of father-son relationships from the Pro Football HOF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the comments, Leatherwing noted that Wikipedia also has a good &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_second-generation_National_Basketball_Association_players&quot;&gt;NBA Father/Son page&lt;/a&gt;; Kobe Bryant nearly overlapped with Bean, his father (1992/1996).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2014-11-03T19:57:35.697" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T19:57:35.697" CommentCount="5" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-10-17T20:46:29.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T04:17:24.163" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realise it's not father and son, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/paul-elvstrom-1.html&quot;&gt;Paul Elvstrøm&lt;/a&gt; sailed with his daughter &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/trine-elvstrom-myralf-1.html&quot;&gt;Trine&lt;/a&gt;. They won the 1983/4 European Tornado Championships, were 4th in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, and 15th at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7447" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T04:17:24.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6908" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-13T05:18:45.017" Score="4" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the inaugural year of the college playoffs, what criteria/criterion determines who makes the national championship playoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, does it make a difference if you win your conference, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched. And the closest answer was regarding the effect the college football playoff has on the bowls: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1660/what-will-happen-to-the-current-bowl-games-when-the-playoff-system-commences/1661&quot;&gt;What will happen to the current Bowl games when the playoff system commences?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T23:40:32.353" Title="What criteria determines which team makes the national college football championship playoffs?" Tags="|american-football|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6908" CreationDate="2014-10-13T07:24:15.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jeff Long (chair), Barry Alvarez, Mike Gould, Pat Haden, Tom Jernstedt, Oliver Luck, Archie Manning, Tom Osborne, Dan Radakovich, Condoleezza Rice, Mike Tranghese, Steve Wieberg and Tyrone Willingham.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the people on the selection committee.  Whatever four teams they choose will play according to seed.  1vs4 and 2vs3 and then winners.  They supposedly will use schedule, record, rankings and many other things to determine the four teams but it comes down to whoever they want in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure the #1 (AP Poll) is a lock.  However past that you could get shut out.  Think if the teams that rank #2-7 are all 9-2 from major conferences.  They could pick any of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be far fetched but a team as low as #10 could get put in - although I doubt they would chance that much scrutiny.  It really depends on if they are allowed (and from the rules they can do anything) to vote based on how good a team could be versus what they have actually done.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every year this comes up in NCAA basketball tournament when the selection committee bumps up a team that finished strong or allowed more losses to a team that had a major player injured.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think what we will see... Is basically as vanilla of selections as possible.  The selection committee is made up of an ultra-conservative group.  Probably the big question is how they will deal with a really good small conference team.  A Boise St.  But this year we have Marshall and their schedule is ultra-weak.  So I think this year they will be dealing with an array of 2 loss teams for the last spot or two.  But the criteria is all the same - whoever they vote for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T07:24:15.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T08:22:02.060" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Italian basketball legend &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino_Meneghin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dino Meneghin&lt;/a&gt; played against his 16-year-old son &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Meneghin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Andrea&lt;/a&gt; in 1990, in a game of the top professional Italian league. He was 40 at the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.euroleague.net/features/voices/2011-2012/vladimir-stankovic/i/91516/6180/dino-meneghin-the-eternal-champion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dino Meneghin, the eternal champion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7448" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-10-01T13:34:44.283" LastActivityDate="2016-10-01T13:34:44.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T10:31:54.270" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This weekend 55 year old Dave Beasant was included on the bench for Stevenage FC as a second choice goalkeeper, in place of his injured son Sam who is also a Stevenage goalkeeper. So they will never appear in the same team, or even in the same squad, but are both currently 'active' players for their club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-beasant-named-substitute-174734329--sow.html&quot;&gt;https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-beasant-named-substitute-174734329--sow.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also another recent case in football was Brazilian legend Rivaldo playing for the same team as his son, Rivaldinho. They both played for Brazilian team Mogi Mirim earlier this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/early-doors/brazilian-legend-rivaldo-fulfils-amazing-ambition-playing-alongside-123845896.html&quot;&gt;https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/early-doors/brazilian-legend-rivaldo-fulfils-amazing-ambition-playing-alongside-123845896.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7449" LastEditorUserId="7449" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T11:02:22.203" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T11:02:22.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T11:20:40.863" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Cricket&lt;/strong&gt; there are several examples of that:&#xA;18 times a father and son have played in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/18-father-son-pairs-who-have-appeared-in-the-same-match-18288&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;same match&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1851 and 1853 even William Lillywhite has played with his two sons: John and James&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T10:33:46.800" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T10:33:46.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6915" CreationDate="2014-10-13T12:33:37.683" Score="6" ViewCount="4783" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember a situation when I was offside when I played football in school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My college said that as an attacker, I could stay off the field (within the goal net) to avoid being offside during a free kick. Is it against the rules to be off the field for this reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T11:01:11.570" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T11:02:12.853" Title="Can a player stand within the goal net (off the field) to avoid offside?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6914" CreationDate="2014-10-13T13:02:01.110" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's against the rules to intentionally leave the field of play without the referee's permission (according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_3_the_number_of_players_en_47419.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Law 3&quot;&gt;Law 3&lt;/a&gt;). So if the referee spots you hanging around off the pitch in order to try to gain some advantage, you're committing a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's ok to accidentally be outside the edge of the pitch but this doesn't count as being 'off the field' so to speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&#xA;To add further clarification, it's a bookable offence to intentionally leave the pitch according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.isrscork.com/7.%20law%2012_miscounduct_557.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Law 12-2&quot;&gt;Law 12-2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7449" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T11:02:12.853" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T11:02:12.853" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6916" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-10-13T13:49:22.627" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T13:49:22.627" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T13:49:22.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6917" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-10-13T13:49:22.627" Score="0" Body="Questions about the postseason, also informally known as &quot;playoffs,&quot; or the period of time after the regular season in which teams compete to win a championship. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T19:49:51.053" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T19:49:51.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T14:24:06.043" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In (international) football&lt;/strong&gt;: Eiður and Arnór Gudjohnsen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arn%C3%B3r_Gu%C3%B0johnsen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;24 April 1996&lt;/a&gt;, he and his father entered football history in an Iceland international friendly in Tallinn. &lt;strong&gt;Arnór started the match, and Eiður came on in the second half as a substitute for his father&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T15:22:51.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T15:22:51.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T15:16:32.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this FIFA &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/817/299/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; also Carlos Alonso and Juan Carlos Balazar play in the same official match in first division Peruvian football league&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WXz1L.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WXz1L.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Balazar&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T14:38:57.113" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T14:38:57.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T16:09:13.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gordie Howe came out of retirement to play with his sons, Mark and Marty Howe, when the WHA came into being. After the WHA merged with the NHL, Mark and Gordie played together with the Hartford Whalers for one season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe#Hartford_Whalers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gordie Howe&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Howe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mark Howe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="708" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T16:09:13.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6921" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6922" CreationDate="2014-10-13T17:07:52.420" Score="4" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed baseball announcers, during an at-bat, using information on lifetime at-bats for the specific batter-pitcher combination.  Have these statistics been extended into the past, to answer questions like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;What pitcher gave up the most home-runs to Babe Ruth?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;What pitcher-batter combination produced the most life-time home-runs?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3662" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T17:15:34.547" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T17:21:26.300" Title="Historic statistics" Tags="|baseball|trivia|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6921" CreationDate="2014-10-13T17:21:26.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes! Though you may not be able to get a lot of what you want for free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically all of the box score information that we have is in the public domain So it's all available for free from &lt;a href=&quot;http://retrosheet.org/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;retrosheet&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that's not a very usable format. Thus several services (including the ones that MLB and it's announcers use, Stats Inc) are available for you to peruse. However, this is expensive data to maintain and format, so you'll probably need a subscription to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt; is perhaps the most comprehensive publicly available store of baseball records (and can definitely do the kinds of queries your curious about). They will offer a limited amount of data for free, and all of the results of your queries if you're a subscriber. If you have an actual need for this, it's quite affordable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T17:21:26.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-13T17:24:16.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, Sami and Kasperi Kapanen played last season in the Finnish league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7452" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T17:24:16.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6925" CreationDate="2014-10-13T17:46:56.437" Score="2" ViewCount="1173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw so many times that a batsman stopped the bowler while he is coming to bowl the ball. After he raises his hand bowler stops bowling that ball and he will go back and bowl again. It’s a usual behavior in some matches. But I don’t know whether there is any count limitation for a batsman to stop a bowler in 1 match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T17:49:23.077" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T19:02:48.220" Title="How many times a batsman can stop a bowler while he starts bowling the ball in Cricket? Is there any hard rule/limitation for the batsman?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6924" CreationDate="2014-10-13T19:02:48.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no limit - a bowler can stop in his run-up as often as he likes, and a batsman can pull out of a delivery as often as he likes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, the umpire will have a word if he feels the players are messing about, and it doesn't happen too often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, though, that if a batsman pulls away, and the bowler actually delivers the ball, if the batsman plays at the ball it's considered a stroke, and he can get runs or be out. When umpiring a 20/20 game here I gave out a member of our international team when he slashed at a ball having pulled away, and guided it onto his stumps. He wasn't happy, but he was told by his coach that he was out!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T19:02:48.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4727" CreationDate="2014-10-13T22:50:54.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;2014 and 2006 both had 89 games played in them, based on a cursory scrape of Wikipedia (which is much harder than it should be, btw; some significant editing is needed for consistency!).  Those are the two largest number of games played; however, pre 2003 of course the number of games in the first round was fewer, so it's not likely to surpass this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you weight for number of games in the playoffs, 1988 there were 80 games played out of a max of 89, for 89.9% of possible games played (2014 had 85.7% of possible games played, for reference).  1976 had 50/55 games played, for even higher 90.9%, and every single series went to either 6 or 7 games (plus the two 3 game series which went to 3 games in both).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1962 and 1963 look like they went to the highest overall, 29 of 31 games, for 93.5%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll post a table of the whole thing, if I can find a better source to scrape than Wikipedia (which has a lot of minor formatting errors making it impossible to do efficiently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T22:50:54.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-14T00:01:46.010" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know if car racing meets the definition of a sport in the OP's question, but there have been some contemporaneous fathers and sons in car racing. Perhaps the most famous is Dale Earnhardt Sr. and Jr. They were in the same race when Earnhardt Sr. died.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7456" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T00:01:46.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5758" CreationDate="2014-10-14T03:51:15.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The complexity above in baseball looks amusing.. I don't know much about baseball, it might really be required. But in cricket, I don't think any set of clear guidelines exist. Fielders with specific positions would be positioned accordingly and they expect to catch the ball. But yes, even in cricket there can arise a situation where two fielders are running for the same catch. A good communication system is usually practiced by teams to avoid collisions like someone calling like 'Mine' loudly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was one infamous incident where two fielders went for the catch with no communication and Australian captain Steve Waugh ended up with a nastily broken nose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGu1eMhkAzc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGu1eMhkAzc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7457" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T07:06:45.020" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T07:06:45.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6931" CreationDate="2014-10-14T09:09:17.230" Score="4" ViewCount="3160" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the destination of the football players' shoes and shirt after each official match?&#xA;After the matches it is easy to view players exchanges eachother the shirts. Does they use a new shirts every match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the shoes? I find comfortable to play with used shoes because they fit well to the feet, but I do not know about the football players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T14:34:21.077" Title="Shoes and shirts after football matches?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-14T10:48:44.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In motorsports, Jan Magnussen is still an active competitive driver in Danish touring cars while his son Kevin drives for McLaren in Formula 1. This may not count since they are very different series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Martin Brundle and his son Alex Brundle competed in the same team, Greaves Motorsport, driving at the 24 hours of Le Mans in 2012:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Brundle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Brundle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7459" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-10-14T12:13:06.983" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T12:13:06.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6929" CreationDate="2014-10-14T14:34:21.077" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lbc.co.uk/what-happens-football-kit-after-the-game-21318&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The kit man takes three shirts per player to each game – one per half,&#xA;  plus a spare for emergencies. Afterwards, he collects and launders&#xA;  them, ready for next week. For big games, the club permits the players&#xA;  to swap or keep their shirts, but that is agreed beforehand and the&#xA;  players are fined if they do it when they’re not allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I imagine this depends on the player, club, country and meaning of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding boots, Chris Smalling of Manchester United offers some insight &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/United-Uncovered/News/2014/Feb/Issue-55/Chris-Smalling-football-boots-feature.aspx&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In general most players wear a pair for training and then a different&#xA;  pair for matches. You'll start off wearing them in training to break&#xA;  them in and then when you feel they're ready you'll put them on for&#xA;  matchdays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6112" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T14:34:21.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4612" CreationDate="2014-10-14T16:44:10.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shots that hit either the post or the crossbar are not considered Shots on Goal. Currently, they are quantified as a Missed Shot. These shots are included with shots that miss the net entirely; as such, they will appear in both Fenwick and Corsi totals (note that Corsi is just Fenwick plus blocked shots).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no way to extract these data currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we can estimate the relative frequency with which shots hit the crossbar versus shots that hit either post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The net is 6 feet wide by 4 feet high. Since there are two posts, this means that (roughly) the crossbar is 6 linear feet and the posts are 8 linear feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naively, then, one would expect that the crossbar is hit at a 3:4 ratio to the posts. However, while shooting, one typically picks one side of the net to shoot at. If you miss your shot while trying to pick a side, you're probably &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; going to hit the post on the other side of the goal, unless you're a very bad shooter. So really, the crossbar might get hit at a rate of about 3:2 compared to the post, or about 50% more shots hit the crossbar than hit the post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just a naive approximation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practically speaking, shooters have very small windows with which to work. Goalies cover a lot of area quickly in today's NHL, and so shooters are often gunning for extremes. The posts provide a visual reference of your target. When the goalie is moving and changing angles, the posts provide a fixed frame of reference with strong visual contrast. Many shooters try to aim for the inside of the posts with their shots, because it's usually the farthest you can target from the goalie and still hope to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably more shots miss the net entirely than hit a post, and probably close to as many shots that hit the crossbar and go out (quantified as a miss) hit the crossbar and go in (quantified as a goal and a SOG).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When weighing this approximation against all total shots, I'd say hitting the crossbar is more rare than hitting any other similarly-sized window of the net, but without very accurate puck telemetry data, it's impossible to conclude that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="708" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T16:44:10.437" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6934" CreationDate="2014-10-15T06:40:32.697" Score="6" ViewCount="1051" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roger Federer is very close, theoretically &amp;amp; somewhat practically, to finishing the calender year as World No. 1 without winning a Grand Slam &#xA;this year.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many tennis players (both men &amp;amp; women) in the open era of tennis history have finished a calender year as World No. 1 without winning&#xA;any of the Grand Slams in that particular calender year? &#xA;Remember that the question includes the &quot;Career Slam-less&quot; as well as &quot;Year Slam-less&quot; World No. 1 at the &lt;strong&gt;end of the year&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the top of my mind I remember, Caroline Wozniacki &amp;amp; Dinara Safina finishing No. 1 in womens tennis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T09:38:58.283" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T09:22:32.007" Title="How many tennis players have finished the year as Slam-less World No. 1?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6933" CreationDate="2014-10-15T12:48:30.900" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ATP Tour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply by checking &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_players#Year-end_no._1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of ATP number 1 ranked singles players&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia I found two players who were Year-end No. 1 without winning a Grand Slam tournament that year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Connors#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy Connors&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Grand_Prix_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1977&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McEnroe#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John McEnroe&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Grand_Prix_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Connors won his first GS title in 1974 and McEnroe in 1979. But they did not won any GS in the years listed above. Note that McEnroe did not start at French Open and Australian Open in that year. So did Connors in 1977. In 1975 Connor did not play French Open.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same Wikipedia article also mentions &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_players#Players_who_were_ranked_world_no._1_without_having_won_a_Grand_Slam_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;two players&lt;/a&gt; who were at No. 1 position without GS title: Marcelo Rios and Ivan Lendl. (Lendl won several Grand Slam tournaments later.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ubitennis.com/english/2014/10/14/can-federer-become-world-number-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; also says that: &lt;em&gt;Federer could become the oldest Number 1 player since André Agassi. He could also become the third player to end the year in Number 1 position without winning a Grand Slam title after Jimmy Connors in 1975 and 1977 and John McEnroe in 1982.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WTA Tour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By checking &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_players#Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;similar list for WTA Tour&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia we can find the following year-end No. 1's without GS in the same year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_Seles_career_statistics#Singles_performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Monica Seles&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Hingis_career_statistics#Performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martina Hingis&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Davenport_career_statistics#Singles_performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lindsay Davenport&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jelena Jankovic&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that Jankovic and Wozniacki still have not won a GS tournament. (Seles won her first GS title in 1990, Hingis in 1997 and Davenport in 1998.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also worth mentioning 1995 was the comeback year for Monika Seles after the stabbing incident and she only played one GS tournament (US Open). She is listed as year-end No. 1 by WTA together with Steffi Graf (despite having less points than her).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same Wikipedia article lists &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_players#Players_who_were_ranked_world_No._1_without_having_won_a_Grand_Slam_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 players&lt;/a&gt; that were ranked No. 1 without having a GS title at the time: Kim Clijsters, Amélie Mauresmo, Jelena Jankovic, Dinara Safina and Caroline Wozniacki. (Clijster and Mauresmo won several GS tournaments, but only after they became No. 1 for the first time.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.womenstennisblog.com/2011/12/31/hingis-and-davenport-were-just-as-slamless-no-1s-as-jankovic-safina-and-wozniacki-and-nobody-criticized-them-part-2-of-analysis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This blog post&lt;/a&gt; discusses slamless No.1's since 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-05T09:22:32.007" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T09:22:32.007" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6936" CreationDate="2014-10-15T21:50:07.633" Score="3" ViewCount="1370" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Intentional Walk&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that there have been times where a pitcher has thrown a ball over the plate enough for a hitter to get a hit, and even hit a home run in some cases.  My question is more along the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he throws one over the plate and in the strike zone, and the hitter does not swing, is it a strike?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything in the rule book saying that a catcher cannot deke the hitter by standing up and signaling for an intentional walk and then having the pitcher throw a strike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be frowned upon as far as &quot;unwritten rules&quot; go, and someone would probably get hit by a pitch as a result.  I haven't seen it happen, but it could be a strategy against a good hitter in a big game (ie- playoffs, world series, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:04:10.843" Title="Can a pitcher throw a strike during an intentional walk?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6935" CreationDate="2014-10-15T22:15:31.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently*, there's nothing special about intentional base-on-balls in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, except for noting that catchers must stand in the catcher's box during them or a balk is called (4.03a,8.05j), and a few rules about official scoring.  As such, yes, you could throw a pitch while the catcher is standing in the strike zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't see this being an effective ploy.  IBBs are almost always done with no strikes on a batter, so it's unlikely a batter would fall for this with 2 strikes on him; and otherwise, you'd not be gaining all that much.  On the other hand, with runners on base you have a substantial risk of a wild pitch/passed ball, because it's very hard to catch a 95mph fastball from a standing position that's thrown at the waist or below (and you'd want it fairly low or the batter might easily hit it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*This is current as of 2014; based on the changes being tested in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/97180888/pace-of-game-initiatives-to-be-tested-at-arizona-fall-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Arizona Fall League&lt;/a&gt; this may change in the future, if they choose to allow IBBs to be instantaneous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T22:15:31.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6944" CreationDate="2014-10-16T05:49:12.283" Score="11" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the mid 90s I spent some time playing football and training at the University of Nebraska.  I was in awe at how the football program generated such an advantage under Tom Osborne. You walked the hallways next to the locker room and you see each year's roster, record, stats...  10-2 was an off year.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the things I noticed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the weight room was state of the art.  And they were well ahead of the curve on powerlifting (after you clean, deadlift, and squat you can clean, deadlift, and squat), they had nutrition coaches (remember this was mid90s), everything was perfect&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;they had two indoor facilities that rivaled pro teams&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;their stadium field was &quot;different&quot;.  What I mean is it was thin, sharp astroturf, laid on a bed of concrete.  When coach said &quot;take a knee&quot; that was the most painful part of the day - your knee had cuts on it.  The hardness took a while to get used to.  Can't imagine being the visiting team.  To top that off they had tons of speed at the skill positions, which made them even quicker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;they ran the option.  High schools during that era weren't passing so they had a recruiting advantage.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tom Osborne had started &quot;advanced metrics&quot; and each player was graded on several criteria.  I remember having a great practice (DE) and asked the D-Line coach what I graded out for quickness and he gave me a 4 out of 5... with 5 being the worst.  I'm like damn coach I thought I dominated.  He says, &quot;You got the only 4.&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tom also took care of his athletes.  I remember seeing all these big guys painting the steps of the stadium.  Well on one side they painted the steps, the other side they stripped the paint off.  The best job was turning on the lights and turning them off (they paid the guys the entire time the lights were on).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I give you some reasons Nebraska dominated for 25+ years.  I would like to know why Notre Dame became Notre Dame in college football.  What gave them a recruiting advantage, what made their program great before it was great?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-16T13:06:20.850" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T16:36:17.490" Title="What made Notre Dame, Notre Dame?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6939" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-16T14:24:57.043" Score="8" ViewCount="1168" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player rotate from the back line after the serve and become a blocker? Or is the designation of backline player at the time of the serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7463" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-16T23:53:29.020" LastActivityDate="2014-10-21T18:03:28.847" Title="Can a player rotate from the back line after the serve and become a blocker?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4808" CreationDate="2014-10-16T19:58:18.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is a reason why your knot shouldn't be too far away from the harness. When you fall from the wall and your knot is too far away from the harness, there is a good chance it could hit you hard in the face when the rope stretches. Depending on the fall distance and the knot itself it could hurt a lot or in worst case it could knock you unconscious. When you are lead climbing and the distance between save points is large and your climbing partner gives you a bit more rope, the fall distance can easily be several meters. Falling around 10 meters results in a velocity of ~50 km/h (for a 75kg person). Getting hit by a knot with 50km/h in the wrong spot could knock you out. And an unconscious climber on the other end of a rope at a real high wall in the wild is a serious problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7464" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-16T23:35:37.667" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T23:35:37.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-16T22:21:38.663" Score="9" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1985 home field advantage in the league championship series was done on a rotating basis. In the American League it was East even years, West odd years. Why where the Royals denied home field advantage against the Blue Jays in the 1985 ALCS?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7465" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-10-16T23:58:54.430" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T00:45:04.290" Title="Why was Kansas City denied home field advantage in the 1985 ALCS?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6941" CreationDate="2014-10-17T00:45:04.290" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was actually a fairly tough on to dig up. As you mention in your question, the East and West swapped back and forth, and until 1985 the AL and NL were in sync. However something happened in 1985. Change came to the playoffs. The LCS were changed from 5 games to 7 and in addition the commissioner decided that the AL and NL would go to opposite divisions hosting each year. So in 1985 it was declared that the West would get home field as scheduled and that in the AL the East would get home field for a second year in a row. After that they returned to their regular schedules with the AL East hosting in odd years and the AL west hosting in even ones, and the NL east hosting in even years and the NL west hosting in odd years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was tough to track down, the best source I found was &lt;a href=&quot;http://metsblog.com/uncategorized/emailbag-why-did-houston-have-home-field-in-1986/&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; mailbag from a Mets blog about the following year's NLCS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T00:45:04.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6939" CreationDate="2014-10-17T02:20:58.837" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A back-row player (one of the three players in the back row at the time of the serve, including the server) is not allowed to block.  If they do, it is a blocking fault and results in a point for the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013-2016&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 14.6 (Blocking Faults):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;14.6 Blocking Faults&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  14.6.2 A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a &#xA;  completed block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T02:20:58.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6937" CreationDate="2014-10-17T16:36:17.490" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Notre Dame became Notre Dame because it was one of the best football schools in the early days of college football, when a great coach with a few interesting strategies could make all the difference in the quality of a school's team.  They then managed to keep that advantage instead of either disbanding the football team (Thanks for the memories, Amos Alonzo Stagg) or losing the momentum due to poor coaching or difficult entry requirements (see Yale/Harvard/Army/Navy etc.).  Notre Dame managed to find a compromise in terms of academics that allowed them to recruit effectively while maintaining a mostly high academic standard (compared to other schools with strong football programs) when the great shift from the Ivies to the State Schools occurred in the middle of the century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, it was &lt;a href=&quot;https://espn.go.com/classic/biography/s/Rockne_Knute.html&quot;&gt;Knute Rockne&lt;/a&gt; who led the school to prominence.  He played for them in the early 1910s, and in 1913 led them to beat the then-dominant Army team soundly (35-13) thanks to his practicing the forward pass with his quarterback extensively during the off-season; the forward pass was legal but rarely used in football at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He then became the head coach starting a few years later (1918), and led them to four &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS&quot;&gt;national championships&lt;/a&gt; (1919, 1924, 1929, 1930, using the NCF designation as is usual in that era) and regularly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/coaches/knute-rockne-1.html&quot;&gt;won 9 or 10 games&lt;/a&gt; per year.  He emphasized athleticism and speed, a change from many other teams at the time who were more of the pounding sort.  He introduced the 'shift' (ie, changing alignment just before the snap).  He also continued to emphasize the modern forward pass - while other teams did use passes, they tended to be shorter, screen-variety, while he used passing more extensively and more downfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also was a great &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knute_Rockne&quot;&gt;showman&lt;/a&gt;, as Wikipedia goes into some length to describe; as much as winning games, he had to sell the school and make the team profitable (or at least pay for itself!) as athletics weren't the big industry back then they are now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notre Dame then built on his legacy in the 40s and 50s with Frank Leahy, who won four national championships and had the second highest winning percentage in NCAA history (.846).  Future coaches built on the legacy, with several more national championships and very competitive teams until the last decade or so the SEC recruiting advantage seems to have lessened their status, although they still manage to be competitive on a fairly regular basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They continue to have a few advantages. One is their TV deal, which as being a single school with no conference to share revenue with is substantial, and pays for very good facilities.  They also have a national following (driving the TV deal, among other things) because they are one of the leading Catholic schools in the nation, so their alumni tend to be more spread out over the country than a state school who would have most of their alumni centered near the school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T16:36:17.490" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2014-10-17T21:26:18.300" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;here is my interpretation. it looks like an OR situation, not an AND. (as I originally thought) passer must have eligible receiver nearby (i.e. &quot;realistic chance of completion&quot;) OR (not AND) be out of the pocket and throw the ball at least to line of scrimmage. (lengthy throw) so this is what I will go with. BUT, I feel like, in last night's game, with 0:08 sec left in 4th quarter, pass was thrown out of bounds to stop the clock. yes the pass was far enough, but I recall the passer just took a couple steps back. I would argue he was still in the pocket, so this &quot;in the pocket&quot; aspect is kinda hazy, or was it not required?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7466" LastEditorUserId="7466" LastEditDate="2014-10-17T21:53:46.557" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T21:53:46.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6946" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-18T01:47:14.213" Score="14" ViewCount="3976" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is a hypothetical based on the last play of Game 5 of the 2014 NLCS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;San Francisco batting in the bottom of the 9th, score tied 3-3, runners Arias at second and Belt at first, one out.  Batter Ishikawa hits a home run out of the playing field.  As Ishikawa trots around third, he is mobbed by his teammates from the dugout.  In the actual event, he pushed them out of the way to touch home plate, and the game ended with a score of 6-3.  But what if he had not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that a batter who hits a home run out of the playing field must touch all bases in order for the run to count, and if he fails to do so he can be called out on appeal at the missed base.  I also understand that if he leaves the base path he is out.  But in this case, the preceding runners Arias and Belt have already scored, so the game is apparently won anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Ishikawa had left the base path before touching home plate (but after Arias and Belt had scored), what would have happened?  My guess is he would be called out and the game would be over with a score of 5-3, but I can't find this addressed in the official MLB rules.  (Also, would Ishikawa be in the unusual position of being credited with a HR and 2 RBI but no R?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A comment on Rule 7.08(a) discusses a related case: if the leading runner leaves the base path, he is out, and if he makes the third out, the trailing runner does not score and the game continues.  But it doesn't address what happens if the leading runner scores and then the trailing runner leaves the base path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As another variation, what if Arias scores, and then Belt and Ishikawa both leave the base path?  If they are both out then that would make three out.  Does Arias's run count and end the game at 4-3, or does it not, and we go to the top of the 10th still tied 3-3?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2022-04-25T07:47:58.307" Title="Walkoff homer, decisive run scores but following runner leaves base path" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-18T03:24:25.517" Score="4" ViewCount="1594" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hockey, they often challenge penalty calls, goals, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a goal is called back, sometimes it's awarded. Are you allowed to challenge everything? Why don't they often challenge offside calls? What stops a coach challenging every call against his team, just in case it gets called back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:16:09.273" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:16:09.273" Title="Are you allowed unlimited challenges in a hockey game?" Tags="|officiating|ice-hockey|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6946" CreationDate="2014-10-18T18:05:25.187" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened before, most notably the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_Single&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Grand Slam Single&lt;/a&gt; of the 1999 NLCS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Braves and Mets were tied 3-3 in the bottom of the ninth. The Mets loaded the bases, and Robin Ventura crushed a grand slam. He was mobbed at first base, and never touched second. Only Cedeno, the runner on third, actually touched home. Ventura was awarded a single, and the Mets won, 4-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Joe left a comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once Ishikawa doesn't hit a home run (because of him failing to touch home), only the leading run scores (as with anything other than a home run or a ground rule double, no runs may score beyond the winning run in the bottom of any inning at or after the ninth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T11:56:38.350" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T11:56:38.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6947" CreationDate="2014-10-19T21:15:57.957" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no challenges in the NHL.  All replays are automatic: goals are reviewed by the video judge, with help from the war room in Toronto.  Coaches do not have the ability to initiate replays in any form.  Penalties are never reviewable, unless the timing relates to a goal.  All goals are reviewed (at least cursorily) by the Video Goal Judge, and further review may be undertaken if he or the referees determine it necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explained in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26326&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Official Rules&lt;/a&gt;, where it lists the jobs of the Video Goal Judge (38.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i)  He will review replays of disputed goals when requested to do so by the Referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii)  He will review replays of disputed goals when he observes an incident that was undetected by on-ice officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It later mentions that he reviews all goals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.2 Goals – Every goal is to be reviewed by the Video Goal Judge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The review may not be in all that much detail, and may be short enough to not delay the game; it also may be in more detail and may slightly or significantly delay the game, if needed.  This is somewhat covered in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it lists that the Video Goal Judge may also determine the correct game clock setting, which appears to be the only non-goal related act that is subject to replay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T15:06:00.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6952" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6953" CreationDate="2014-10-20T00:05:35.370" Score="7" ViewCount="55155" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I was watching Green Bay beat up on Carolina today, I saw a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ispot.tv/ad/7MvN/papa-johns-fox-halftime-report-feat-troy-aikman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Papa John's Pizza ad&lt;/a&gt; featuring Troy Aikman.  During the commercial, they show a closeup on his hand, bejeweled with his championship rings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jJi4K.png&quot; alt=&quot;Troy Aikman&amp;#39;s ring hand&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fMFcd.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Troy Aikman won three Super Bowls with the Dallas Cowboys, but I see six rings here.  How many championship rings does Troy Aikman have?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-20T13:16:23.853" LastActivityDate="2014-12-28T23:09:50.883" Title="How many championship rings does Troy Aikman have?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6952" CreationDate="2014-10-20T04:41:01.013" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;He won three super bowls (92,93,95), plus a college football championship (while injured), in 1985.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He wasn't a member of any coaching staffs who won championships, as far as I can tell - he's been a commentator since his retirement, for Fox.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From looking at the picture, there are three superbowl rings, which would be his pinky finger, middle finger, and thumb.  There is one Pro Football Hall of Fame ring, which is the lower ring on his ring finger (the oval-shaped purple ring).  One would be his College Football Hall of Fame ring, which is likely the other ring finger ring.  The sixth could be one of a few things; it could be his college football championship ring, although that should be red.  It could be a ring for an MVP or some other honor, or possibly for the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor, though I didn't see any evidence of that existing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T04:41:01.013" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6955" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-20T15:02:04.487" Score="0" ViewCount="845" Body="&lt;p&gt;In October 2014, the San Francisco Giants and the Kansas City Royals &quot;faced off&quot; in the baseball World Series. They were both wild cards in their respective leagues, meaning that this will be a match between two bottom seeds (after the wild card round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few years ago, I pointed out this almost (but didn't) happen in football, but would have happened if the New York Jets had beaten the Pittsburgh Steelers for the AFC &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/584680-green-bay-packers-vs-pittsburgh-steelers-a-sabermetrically-true-matchup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;crown&lt;/a&gt;, and gone on to face the Green Bay Packers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the first time that this has happened in the World Series during the wildcard era? Has this happened before in any other sport such as football that also has wildcards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T22:31:34.037" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T22:31:34.037" Title="Have two bottom seeds ever faced off before in a &quot;World Series?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6955" CreationDate="2014-10-20T16:42:22.747" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2002, when the Angels defeated the Giants in the World Series, both teams were wildcards (and as there was only one wildcard, the bottom seed by default, though they were not the lowest win totals as Minnesota had 5 fewer wins than Anaheim, as Central Division champions).  That is the only example in Baseball, though there really have only been two decades of history where it would be meaningful to say the two lowest seeds faced each other; prior to the wildcard, you only had one team from each division (so 4 total teams) in the playoffs, and with divisional play it's hard to say who would be seeded what in a larger playoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL and NBA have longer histories of large seeded playoffs.  In the NHL, never have two 8 seeds faced each other, but in 2012 the Kings (8) beat the Devils (6) for the first 8 seed win in NHL history and the largest sum of seeds in the Finals history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, 8 seeds nearly never beat 1 seeds; the 1998-1999 New York Knicks remain the only 8 seeds to reach the finals, losing to the Spurs (Duncan and Robinson's first championship).   The lowest seed to win a championship was the Rockets in 1994-95 (6 seed), but they beat the top seeded Magic that year.  No other team higher than 4th has ever won a NBA Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, there have never been a particularly low combination.  Although 6 seeds have been successful, for example in 2005 PIT (6 seed) defeated SEA (1 seed), they've never had to face similarly low seeded teams; the lowest I see is 6 seed vs 2 seed (Packers/Steelers), which isn't exactly a low seeded combo either.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T21:06:04.173" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T21:06:04.173" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6963" CreationDate="2014-10-20T23:34:33.853" Score="4" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;How come in football corner flags can't be smaller than 1.5 Meters high? Is there a safety hazard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6167" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-10-22T06:54:58.543" LastActivityDate="2014-10-22T06:54:58.543" Title="Why can't corner flags be less than 1.5 Meters?" Tags="|rules|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6966" CreationDate="2014-10-21T13:36:20.160" Score="4" ViewCount="4596" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know in Spain &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_Castilla&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Real Madrid Castilla&lt;/a&gt;, Real Madrid's second team, play in the same league system as the first team. Are there other countries in which the same situation occurs, and if so which ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T03:40:49.580" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T05:05:01.610" Title="In which countries do football club's second teams play in the main league system?" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6939" CreationDate="2014-10-21T17:56:50.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, he can't. It's a fault and the point is given to the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, a back-row player can complete an attack in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at any height from behind the front zone if at his/her take-off, the player's feet didn't touch or cros the attack line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;from the front zone if at the moment of the contact a part of the ball is lower than the top of the net.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6433" LastEditorUserId="6433" LastEditDate="2014-10-21T18:03:28.847" LastActivityDate="2014-10-21T18:03:28.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-21T22:23:30.750" Score="5" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tonight, too many goals were scored. In four games six or more goals were scored. 21 goals had been scored only in the first half of just 8 games. And there are another 8 games tomorrow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In every Champions League fixture the games are always played in two days.&#xA;I am wondering if there is a group stage fixture with more than 40 goals in a single night? If no, which is the second one in the list? And which are the best-ever scoring group stage fixtures for both nights?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6433" LastEditorUserId="6433" LastEditDate="2014-12-21T14:47:44.160" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T11:26:24.980" Title="UEFA Champions League fixture with the most goals ever" Tags="|football|records|international-sports|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2961" CreationDate="2014-10-22T03:15:36.513" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a little further down in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the same rule @posdef quotes&lt;/a&gt;, is this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e. Contact which occurs on the hand of the offensive player, while that hand is in contact with the ball, is legal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is significant enough to warrant its own exception in the rules.  It also is called out as incidental contact explicitly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_a.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the first section of Contact Situations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... The hand is considered &quot;part of the ball&quot; when it is in contact with the ball. Therefore, contact on that hand by a defender while it is in contact with the ball is not illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the defender may not flagrantly attempt to injure an opponent's hand, if a defender bats at the ball to attempt a steal and contacts only the hand (not the forearm) of the ballcarrier while it is in contact with the ball, a foul will not be called.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-22T03:15:36.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6957" CreationDate="2014-10-22T06:54:39.310" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is a safety hazard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As most players' torsos are just under 1.5m off the ground, there is a risk of damage to vital organs if a player was to fall on top of the flag, especially with great force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-10-22T06:54:39.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6959" CreationDate="2014-10-22T13:02:18.597" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules related to the reserve teams are different in every country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spanish clubs can have reserve teams play as high as in Liga B but only under-23 players, or under-25 players with a professional contract, can switch between senior and reserve teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Germany and France, reserve teams are not allowed into the second tier of their respective leagues. The set-up in the Bundesliga means there are separate squads for the first and reserve teams and players cannot move between squads during the season. Those squads are typically, but not exclusively, made up of under-23 players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Portugal, Porto, Benfica, Sporting, Braga, Maritimo and Guimaraes all have B teams in the Portuguese second tier. Their squads must contain ten players who have come through the club’s youth academy and they can include three players who are over 23 years of age.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Norway, reserve teams from Premier Division clubs can only be promoted as far as the third tier of their league, providing a one division buffer between teams from the same club&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.extratime.ie/newsdesk/articles/11538/rules-vary-for-european-reserve-teams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, in England and in Scotland, reserve teams do not compete in the main league system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6433" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T05:05:01.610" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T05:05:01.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="957" CreationDate="2014-10-23T14:19:28.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frames with 3 wheels are for people, mostly kids, who&#xA;want big wheels but cannot manage a full length frame.&#xA;Frames with 5 wheels were the standard when all there&#xA;was were 84mm wheels. They are now mainly used for&#xA;downhill skating or vintage speed skating. Nowadays&#xA;people use a frame with 4 wheels, in speed skating they&#xA;range from 100 to 110mm. You should probably start&#xA;with 4x100mm and work your way up if you decide to&#xA;stay in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7483" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T14:19:28.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25" CreationDate="2014-10-24T05:51:00.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an old debate I've seen on snowboarding forums about whether it's best to tense your muscles or relax your muscles in a fall. I've concluded that tense muscles tend to protect bones and resist twisted joints, but it would be interesting to hear what more experienced riders say. (this will be my ninth season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7486" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T05:51:00.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6970" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-24T06:31:42.370" Score="2" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read many books and many posts on other snowboarding forums, but there is always something new to learn from more experienced riders. I switch to the new edge just as I cross the fall line but frequently skid during the second half of the turn and into the new traverse. For me this is mostly a problem on toe side turns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7486" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-24T14:01:25.447" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T14:01:25.447" Title="What do you do to initiate and hold the edge during a carved turn on a snowboard?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5411" CreationDate="2014-10-24T10:22:21.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;BCA standard (and European Standard) rules for 8 ball pool state that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After hitting any ball, the cue ball or the object ball or another ball contacted after contacting the right ball (something has to) has to touch a cushion/rail. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In case the rule above was violated, it results in a foul and the opponent is awarded a Ball in Hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In case the 8 ball is stuck on a cushion/rail, after contacting the ball, something has to touch a &lt;strong&gt;DIFFERENT&lt;/strong&gt; cushion/rail. It cannot be considered legal that you tap a frozen ball without contacting an entirely different rail/cushion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7488" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T10:22:21.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1595" CreationDate="2014-10-24T15:07:06.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple way to think about this is to consider a &quot;Force out&quot; to mean the batter did not reach first base safely (and note, a force out in your batting average counts as an out).  Then this is simple: runs may score if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batter reaches first base safely&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are not three outs at the &lt;em&gt;moment&lt;/em&gt; the run scores.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order for a batter to reach first base safely, though, all other runners must advance to the next base as well.  Why?  If they don't reach the next base, they would have to retreat to the base they were on - at which point the batter would be called out (when two players occupy a base simultaneously, the &lt;em&gt;trailing&lt;/em&gt; runner is ruled out). So a force out is really a way of extending this concept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T15:07:06.100" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6975" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6976" CreationDate="2014-10-24T18:13:10.237" Score="4" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I coach a U10 boys recreational soccer team.  In my area, we generally have more players wanting to play than coaches available to field teams.  That said, some degree of turnover on a team seems to be normal but I have noticed lower turnover with each season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a looming problem for this next season.  My current roster is full (it's capped by the league) and all of the players have tentatively indicated they want to return next season.  The parents of a former player recently contacted me and asked if their son could play on my team again next season instead of the competitive team he currently plays on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the problem is having a past player who wants to play but possibly not having a slot in the roster for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, I have guaranteed slots on the next season's team to returning players.  That has seemed the most &quot;fair&quot;, but I'll acknowledge that has created logistical friction when the club has new players needing a team and I can't get the parents of the returning player to provide an answer.  And by &quot;fair&quot;, maybe I really just mean easy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player wanting to play is a good player, and having him on the team would help pull up the skills for the rest of the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of the players I would consider cutting, their minds simply aren't focused on soccer.  Specifically, they make most of the practices and games, but not all due to other commitments.  And even when they are at a practice or game, they're frequently distracted by something else like the clouds or the grass or ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the one hand, that's completely developmentally appropriate.  On the other hand, their absences and lack of focus pull down the rest of the team.  For example, they'll miss plays during a game because they weren't paying attention or they'll interfere with practice because they're aren't following instructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;My question:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given my looming problem, I'm trying to figure out if my current guaranteed slot policy is the best approach and if that's truly fair to all of the players involved.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a competitive or premier team, the answer is easy as there is a stated focus on building the best team and the coach is expected to replace under-performing players with stronger ones when possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a recreational team, the focus is on fair play; skills development; and developing a passion for the sport.  The crux of the question is how to balance between what's fair for an individual player versus what's fair or beneficial for the rest of the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1122" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-24T19:20:59.813" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T19:20:59.813" Title="Is it OK to cut a player from a rec level football (soccer) team?" Tags="|football|coaching|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-10-24T19:13:26.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seems to me this is pretty similar to how our park district does things for sports/gymnastics classes/teams.  They have a slightly different approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What they do is have an &lt;em&gt;early signup period&lt;/em&gt;, during which the only option is to confirm your enrollment for the next season/year/whatever of the exact class/sport you're in: same exact schedule, etc.  So if you're in Thursday Nights Soccer, you can re-register for Thursday Nights Soccer, but can't change to Tuesday Afternoons or whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, a week later, regular signup begins.  This gives parents a week to make up their mind.  After regular signup begins, it's up to first come first serve.  You still can reregister - if there's a spot open, but you could lose your spot if enough new people already applied before you got around to registering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could easily do something similar.  Decide on a date.  Tell everyone they have until that date to officially register (pay, confirm explicitly they'll be playing, etc., with an understanding that they will only do this if they absolutely will be playing next year).  Then, if there are some slots open after this period, your returning player is welcome to the slot (as long as he/she pays/commits).  Set that date fairly early - before your current season is done, typically, so you have more leverage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T19:13:26.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6979" CreationDate="2014-10-25T06:06:36.543" Score="3" ViewCount="26756" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, what is the difference between each of the designations for questionable vs doubtful? Which one is more severe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-14T09:10:27.203" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T04:18:31.003" Title="What's the difference between &quot;questionable&quot; vs &quot;doubtful&quot; injury designations in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6978" CreationDate="2014-10-25T06:06:52.907" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, there are injury designations. The injury designations indicate what percentage or chance that they'll play for that given day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/fantasyfootball/help/injuryreport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL&lt;/a&gt; specifically has one that outlines them based on percentages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Inactive (IA) - Players are officially inactive for the current game and will not play&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Out (O) – Not scheduled to play&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Doubtful (D) – Players have approximately a 25% chance of playing&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Questionable (Q) – Players have approximately a 50% chance of playing&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Probable (P) – Players are very likely to start in the upcoming week&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The injury designations are exactly that; based on percentages. Additionally, from  my experience they can change as the NFL week progresses: for better and worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904900904576554640692835656&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/a&gt; has provided some insight regarding these injury designations as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Probable&quot; means definite. &quot;Questionable&quot; is closer to probable. And&#xA;  &quot;doubtful?&quot; If a player is listed as doubtful, like the Colts' Peyton&#xA;  Manning is this week, then there's virtually no doubt whatsoever that&#xA;  he's going to sit out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, teams are required to report injury statuses on a daily basis. Apparently, they shouldn't be taken literally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's long been known that injury reports aren't to be taken totally&#xA;  literally. The official NFL definitions are that &quot;out&quot; means a player&#xA;  definitely won't play that week; doubtful means at least 75% chance&#xA;  the player sits; questionable means 50-50 and probable means it's a&#xA;  virtual certainty he'll play. Indeed, the Patriots famously have&#xA;  listed quarterback Tom Brady as &quot;probable&quot; for years, even though he&#xA;  made 111 straight starts at one point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T04:18:31.003" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T04:18:31.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6981" CreationDate="2014-10-25T14:06:50.897" Score="4" ViewCount="585" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today A. Radwanska reach the semifinals in Singapore in the WTA finals after two losing match during the round robin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in the past a tennis player (man or woman) won the finals after losing two matches during the round robin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-10-26T05:56:25.867" LastActivityDate="2014-10-26T05:56:25.867" Title="Tennis finals winner with two lose?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6980" CreationDate="2014-10-25T20:14:51.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pretty simple really - Radwanska reached the semifinals because she, along with 2 other women in her group, all finished with a win-loss record of 1-2 after the round robin part of the tournament. So when players end up tied like that with the same win-loss record they use other stats to determine who advances to the semifinals. First they use sets won and sets lost and create a winning percentage out of that, and then games won versus games lost and the winning percentage for that. If you look &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/posting/2014/808/MDS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can see that of the 3 players in her group with a 1-2 round robin record, Radwanska had the highest sets winning percentage with 42.86%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jelena Jankovic did this same thing just last year in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_WTA_Tour_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 WTA Finals&lt;/a&gt;. She ended the round robin stage at 1-2 and made the semifinals because her group also had Sara Errani finish at 1-2 and Victoria Azarenka finish 1-2 so again, Jankovic had the best sets won vs. sets lost winning percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-10-25T20:14:51.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7257" CreationDate="2014-10-26T00:24:52.447" Score="4" ViewCount="798" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a play in the NFL that is designed for an ineligible offensive player to at some point receive the ball?  Examples from college include the fumblerooski (now banned in college too, and illegal in the NFL since the Holy Roller rule I believe) and the more recent tackle hook and lateral from Fresno St. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etPsvSVKcT8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etPsvSVKcT8&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I do not mean a player who usually plays an ineligible position reporting as eligible and lining up and behaving as an eligible player for a play; I mean someone who lines up ineligibly on that play as one of the five interior linemen and then receives the ball intentionally (so no non-intentional fumbles or balls hit in the air by the defense and caught by an offensive lineman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plays from the AFL, AAFC, CFL, or other professional leagues are welcome if you have them, but mostly interested in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7494" LastEditorUserId="7494" LastEditDate="2014-10-26T04:54:04.423" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T17:41:31.943" Title="NFL Play for Ineligible Player" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-26T06:32:12.433" Score="4" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how the rules and format of the year-end championship in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP tour&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tour_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA tour&lt;/a&gt; evolved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example I notice that in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Nabisco_Masters_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985&lt;/a&gt; men played knock-out tournament, whereas in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Nabisco_Masters_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt; the semifinalist were decided in round-robin. I see a similar change between &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_WTA_Tour_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_WTA_Tour_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt; women tournament. The first men's masters tournament in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Pepsi-Cola_Masters_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/a&gt; involved only 6 players playing round-robin. In 1984-1998 women played best-of-five, while in other editions they played best-of-three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What were the changes of the format of this competition in the past? (How did the number of contestant change? Which tournaments included round robin? In which editions only round-robin/only knock-out tournament?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: I see that for men's this is basically answered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; I am linking to. (Well, unless there were some other changes of rules which are not mentioned on Wikipedia.) I quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATP_World_Tour_Finals&amp;amp;oldid=630936749&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the article&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eight players are divided into two groups of four and play three round-robin matches each against the other players in their group. The two players with the best records in each group progress to the semifinals, with the winners meeting in the final to determine the champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current round robin format of two groups of four players progressing to a semifinal and final, has been in place for all editions of the tournament except the following years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1970, 1971 - Round robin with no semifinals or finals, winner decided on best performed player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1982, 1983, 1984 - 12 player knock-out tournament with no round robin. The top four seeds in the event received a bye in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1985 - 16 player knock-out tournament with no round robin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WTA_Tour_Championships&amp;amp;oldid=631053025&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article about women's finals I see only this short mention about the format of the tournament:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The month, city and number of players has changed since the first edition in 1972. Since 2003 there have been eight singles players divided into two round robin groups, and four doubles teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not say how the format/number of players changed before 2003&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T09:23:12.667" Title="What was format of tennis year-end championships in the past?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6983" CreationDate="2014-10-26T07:53:15.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hopefully this answers your question about the WTA Finals - it's right on their website: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtafinals.com/article/champs-history/3668392&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.wtafinals.com/article/champs-history/3668392&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the men's changes over the years, it seems like you've pretty much answered your own question with the link you posted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-10-26T07:53:15.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6985" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-27T18:40:42.300" Score="5" ViewCount="2575" Body="&lt;p&gt;I coach 7th &amp;amp; 8th grade basketball.  My focus is always on playing the right way and building fundamentals.  That being said I still like to put my players in position to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have 1 Star player.  He's extremely good, he's my point and my tallest player(though not tall by other teams standards).  The rest of my team is casual players with a lot of hustle and okay shooting but that's about it.  Not much for dribbling and no size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was advised to teach them a motion offense but I have reservations due to my lack of a secondary ball handler/driver. Is there a better option for this type of makeup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7497" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T08:18:08.393" Title="What offense fits 1 star youth basketball team?" Tags="|basketball|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6986" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6987" CreationDate="2014-10-28T06:50:18.283" Score="9" ViewCount="14654" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw some highlights from an NFL game the other day (I think it was Detroit's 22-21 comeback win against Atlanta) and the presenter said they won the game with a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their first attempt at scoring the field goal was wide, however there was a flag on the field, due to an &lt;em&gt;offensive&lt;/em&gt; foul (delay of game) and they would replay the down with a 5 yard penalty. Of course they then had another attempt at the field goal and scored it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I know it is possible (only in certain situations?) to decline a penalty in the NFL, so since it's an offensive penalty, why couldn't the Falcons decline this penalty, counting the missed field goal as a failed attempt and ending the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2021-12-10T16:28:25.133" Title="Can all penalties be declined in American Football?" Tags="|rules|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2014-10-28T13:46:11.073" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally penalties can be declined. Though you mostly don't want to decline them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Refusal of Penalties. Unless expressly prohibited, the penalty for any foul may be declined by the offended team, and play proceeds as though no foul had been committed. The yardage distance for any penalty may be declined, even though the penalty is accepted. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/17_2013_Penalty_Enforcement.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; p76)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noted exception here is the double foul. Which cannot be accepted or declined as they typically offset.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, certain penalties, mostly of the pre-snap kind on the offense, mean that &lt;em&gt;no play took place&lt;/em&gt; (play is blown dead prior to the snap) and not accepting the penalty means that the down is replayed at the same spot on the field rather than 5 yards further back. That means that you don't want to decline them, and you're stuck accepting them or not getting any benefit at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically in this instance, if the penalty is declined, it would be the same situation again as the missed field goal try, the result of the play cannot be accepted as it never happened (it was after the whistle).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T13:46:11.073" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-29T10:44:04.863" Score="0" ViewCount="2340" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was very surprised by a comment from an assistant coach in charge of the pitchers. First night for my son in a new club, first night of trials for division 1. The group of pitchers were told &quot;Pitchers are no body's, all you know how to do is pitch&quot;. Now the catchers say the same. Is there a real resentment towards pitchers? Some one has to do it. From what I have seen of this years World Series 2014 thank goodness for Madison Bumgarner. Should my son expect this as he goes further? He is in the U17's, is this normal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7503" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-10-29T19:44:37.533" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T19:44:37.533" Title="Why do players and some parent coaches tell the pitcher &quot;you are only just a pitcher,you're not really a baseball player&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6993" CreationDate="2014-10-29T14:55:22.310" Score="5" ViewCount="895" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking at sports odds at for the first time and am a little confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understands that if ATS (against the spread) is negative, then the home team is predicted to win. Also, SP (spread) predicts the total point value difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm looking at the favorites column in a spreadsheet and I see &quot;Home Favorite,&quot; &quot;Away Dog,&quot; &quot;Away Favorite,&quot; and &quot;Home Dog&quot; as options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't &quot;Home Favorite&quot; = &quot;Away Dog&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what exactly is the definition of ATS vs SP?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7504" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-17T08:25:02.990" LastActivityDate="2020-01-17T08:25:02.990" Title="Sports odds explanation for NFL" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6992" CreationDate="2014-10-29T15:04:29.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Against the Spread tells you how a team plays against the spread - so if you gave them their spread points for each game, what would their record then be?  For example (made up numbers):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Week 1: CHI -3 vs BUF.  Actual result: BUF by 5.  ATS loss.  &#xA;Week 2: CHI +5 vs SF.   Actual result: CHI by 4.  ATS win.&#xA;Week 3: CHI +4 vs NE.  Actual result: NE by 2.  ATS win.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here CHI is 1-2, but is 2-1 against the spread.  The SP itself is the spread for that game, the ATS is their overall record for past games when adding in the spread.  ATS doesn't really say anything about the current game, unless you believe a team's ATS record is indicative of future performance (hint: it's not in most cases*).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you'd see something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Week 4: CHI @ ATL, SP: CHI -3, ATS: CHI 2-1, ATL 0-3.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means Atlanta is a Home Dog, Chicago has a favorable record against the spread while Atlanta consistently underperforms (they might win games, but by less than they're expected to, and they lose by more than expected), and Chicago is favored to win this game by 3 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Home Favorite means a team favored to win (spread &amp;lt; 0) and playing at home.  So yes, a team that is a home favorite, their opponent would be an away dog.  This is important to some bettors because some teams overperform at home.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In football betting, being at home is commonly worth around a field goal - so a home team favored by 3 points would be essentially a 0 spread (&lt;code&gt;pick'em&lt;/code&gt;) at a neutral site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*In some cases, teams are consistently given slightly unfavorable odds and spreads, because they're known to have a lot of betting in their favor - the Yankees, Cubs, Patriots, etc.  They might underperform against the spread as a result slightly.  However, I wouldn't assume this as a general rule.  There's a ton of literature available on things like this if you're interested, but it's way beyond a SE answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T15:04:29.667" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7009" CreationDate="2014-10-29T16:21:11.250" Score="5" ViewCount="7984" Body="&lt;p&gt;By ITTF regulation, is it legal to hold a paddle with two hands? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On one serve, someone managed to return by using his normal hand with the addition of his other to stabilize the paddle better. Is that legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/stories/full_story.asp?title=%3E%3E%20Regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITTF guidelines&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;it says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.5.5 The racket hand is the hand carrying the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.5.6 The free hand is the hand not carrying the racket; the free arm is the arm of the free hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.5.7 A player strikes the ball if he or she touches it in play with his or her racket held in the hand, or with his or her racket hand below the wrist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it fails to say that both hands can't be the racket hand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T14:03:01.563" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T14:03:01.563" Title="Can you hold a table tennis paddle with two hands?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6991" CreationDate="2014-10-29T16:54:34.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking from experience, I think that it was probably misinterpreted.  Most position players often crack jokes and make fun of pitchers.  This is mostly in a joking and playful mindset on a team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In college the pitchers will practice separately from the team except during a few drills.  Position players don't see all pitchers as capable athletes.  This certainly isn't true, but it is hard to compare lower levels to the Major Leagues or Madison Bumgarner because they are the best of the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certainly pitchers in high school and college that are only capable of being a pitcher, and not playing another position, while there are also great athletes that pitch and play a position too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually those players that play a position and pitch aren't seen as P.O.'s (pitcher onlys), and they will receive treatment from others as a position player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically if you are a P.O. you are viewed as a lower athlete on the team, or you would be playing a position/hitting.  Mostly in fun players will joke with pitchers that they are worthless, poor athletes, etc.  Pitchers often accept this joking and will be able to laugh with position players after a great (athletic) play, or coming up in a big situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;College baseball is also a very &quot;earn your stripes&quot; culture.  Freshman will get treated like they aren't part of the team until they earn it with their performance.  Pitching is similar.  No one is making fun of the ace, but the mop-up bullpen underclassman is going to hear plenty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot speak to the pros, but I wouldn't be surprised if it was a similar culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I am not saying this is the way it should or shouldn't be.  This is just the way it is in college baseball (as of a year ago).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2014-10-29T19:40:03.337" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T19:40:03.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6997" CreationDate="2014-10-29T19:17:45.483" Score="3" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it is known before the season starts that the team's top prospect will be called up that year, does it usually happen for Opening Day, or do they get the call later in the year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, are there different statistics regarding pitchers vs. position players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T14:31:17.273" Title="Is a top prospect usually called up at the beginning or middle of the season?" Tags="|statistics|mlb|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6996" CreationDate="2014-10-29T20:53:34.293" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have time to look up specific statistics right now, but will edit them in when I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the general details around this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will vary by team, in particular based on the financial constraints of a team.  The downside of calling up a top prospect before late June is that he may be a Super 2, meaning he has one more year of salary arbitration - leading to higher total salary (by quite a bit in some cases).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also may impact when a player becomes a free agent, as a player becomes a free agent after six year's playing time - not calendar years, but season-years.  A player may earn 172 days of service time in a year, from day of game 1 to day of game 162; if he earns 171 or fewer, then he hasn't completed his full year of service, so it's standard to wait at least 2-3 weeks for that first year (and a bit more if a player had a few days of service time the year before in September).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team like the Yankees or the Dodgers, who isn't all that worried about salaries, is more likely to call up a player before the Super 2 deadline, though they usually will at least wait the few weeks to get one more year of control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would expect pitchers and position players are similar, in that if they are a top prospect they'll wait either way.  A pitcher is more likely to have been called up for spot starts in a prior year, so might be delayed slightly more the next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't find raw statistics available, though I suppose someone with sufficient time could comb Baseball Reference box scores.  However, Fox Sports posted an article by Baseball Prospectus' Zachary Levine &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/story/how-mlb-service-time-dictates-top-prospect-promotions-041914&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;that included a chart of call-up dates&lt;/a&gt; for #1 prospects.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you do see a decently large number called up on opening day, you see large bumps in the third bucket (when that prospect will then have a seventh year of control) and the buckets around day 70 (around when Super 2 usually hits, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bizofbaseball.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=663:super-2&amp;amp;catid=44:business-of-baseball-glossary&amp;amp;Itemid=75&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;between 128 and 140 days&lt;/a&gt;, subtracted from the 183 day season means between day 43 and day 55 - hence the bump around 60-70.  17 players were called up during that bump, which is over 25% of the total 68 #1 prospects.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, a player who is optioned to the minors for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bizofbaseball.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=662:service-time-st&amp;amp;catid=44:business-of-baseball-glossary&amp;amp;Itemid=75&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;over 20 days&lt;/a&gt; in a season then loses those days from their service time.  Levine goes over the 8 star players who were called up on opening day, and only three of them - Colby Rasmus, John Danks, and Jose Fernandez - were not sent down for a qualifying period during the first few seasons.  The others were sent back down, and still gained the extra year of control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T14:31:17.273" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T14:31:17.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7015" CreationDate="2014-10-30T07:13:29.087" Score="6" ViewCount="1939" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, in the ATP rankings, Roger Federer is, effectively, just 490 points behind Novak Djokovic with two tournaments, namely ATP Masters 1000 Paris &amp;amp; the ATP World Tour Finals.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Federer, to become No. 1, needs to finish ahead/beat Djokovic in both the tournaments. But if it so happens that Federer falls just short of Djokovic by say 200 points, Djokovic will be awarded the Year End World No. 1. But there is a catch here.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Federer still has to play the Davis cup final later in November &amp;amp; ATP ranking points are awarded to the players for winning Davis cup ties, the breakdown of which is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.daviscup.com/en/rankings/atp-ranking-points.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if Federer wins 250 points through Davis cup, he will effectively overtake Djokovic &amp;amp; lead the rankings by 50 points. But will he be then crowned the Year End No 1 after the Davis cup finals? Or those ranking points will be considered for next year? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-10-31T13:19:11.977" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T12:11:45.520" Title="Will the ATP Year End No. 1 be awarded after the ATP World Tour Finals or the Davis Cup finals?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|davis-cup|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5756" CreationDate="2014-10-30T17:06:43.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're confusing a few things, which is natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, understand that there are two officially-sanctioned ways to score golf in individual play; stroke play and match play. In stroke play, every stroke you take is added up to your final score, allowing you to compete against any number of people including your own past scores. Most rounds of golf are scored this way. In match play, you compete directly against one or more people during the round for the best score on each hole, and you win, lose or &quot;halve&quot; the hole; the person with the most won holes wins the match. This can be used for friendly competitive play in pairs, and also to play for money such as in &quot;skins&quot; games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the handicap system for golf has to be able to be used for both methods of scoring. This is done by applying the handicap in different ways. In stroke play, your own handicap is simply deducted from your raw total score (the sum of all strokes made and all penalty strokes) to produce your final score. So, if you're just going out to see how you hit 'em, all you have to know is your Course Handicap, which itself is complex to calculate according to the Rules (because it's designed to facilitate applying a handicap to a course you've never played, based on your play on other courses which might be more or less difficult), but you usually get close enough just averaging the number of strokes over par of your last few rounds at a course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For match play, it's a little different. First, you have to know both yours and your opponent's Course Handicaps, because it's the difference between those two that will be applied. Let's say you're playing me, and you have a 19 'cap while I have a 26 'cap (I wish). That gives me 7 handicap strokes for this round. I assign those strokes, one at a time, in the order of the holes' Handicap ranking; the hole ranked 1 is the most difficult to score par on, while the hole ranked 18 is the easiest. So, on the 7 most difficult holes of the course, I would either deduct one stroke from my score for that hole, or add one stroke to yours, before comparing scores to determine who has won that hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Picture = word * 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZNwTM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The line titled &quot;Handicap&quot; contains the difficulty ranking of each hole on the course as played from the Men's or Senior's tees (Blue through Gold on this card). Hole 8 is the most difficult; it's the longest par-4 on the course, requiring a long iron or wood shot from the fairway to make green in regulation (in turn requiring you to avoid the fairway bunkers), with water bordering the hole on the left side on approach. Hole 12 is the easiest; the second-&lt;em&gt;shortest&lt;/em&gt; par 4, and with no water and minimal hazards (one approach bunker).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Ladies' tees are typically placed much closer to the hole, especially on longer par 4 and 5s, to compensate for reduced drive distance between men and women, and that can make certain holes easier than they would be from the Men's tees. So, the Ladies' tees have their own handicap ranking, seen on the line under the distances for the Red tees (traditionally the Ladies' tees). For ladies, Hole 7 is the hardest on this course, because it's the second-longest par-4 as played from the reds (and only by 7 yards), and has water (though easily avoided, unless the hole severely slopes toward the hazard). Hole 13 is the easiest; par 3, no hazards, and the distance is somewhere in the mid-irons for most women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, assuming you and I are both male golfers playing the course this card is from, with the handicaps stated above, I would add one stroke to your score (or deduct one from mine) when we played holes 4, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17 and 18. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I may not need those handicap strokes on those holes. For instance, I may have it together on hole 8, and birdie with a strong drive, accurate long iron or fairway wood approach and a one-putt, while you either two-putt it for par or have to make an up-and-down with an extra fairway stroke, so I would have won the hole without the handicap. Meanwhile, back on hole 5, I hit one in the lake and double-bogied, but you three-putted to win by one stroke. In that situation (or any other), I can't apply my handicap stroke on 8 to hole 5 to halve the hole; I just have to take the loss of hole there and do better on the next few to make it back up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, all of that is in &lt;em&gt;applying&lt;/em&gt; the handicap in stroke play versus match play. I skimmed over &lt;em&gt;calculating&lt;/em&gt; the handicap to apply to a course in my original answer, but that also has a bearing here. Again, looking at the title for each tee on the example scorecard, you will see two numbers separated by a slash. The first number, the decimal, is the Course Rating. This number is essentially the average expected score for a &quot;scratch golfer&quot; playing this course from this tee, and it can be calculated based on recent real plays of the course from that tee by scratch players, or in the absence of enough good real data, it can be estimated based on the abilities of a hypothetical &quot;scratch golfer&quot; playing from that tee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second number is the course's &quot;Slope Rating&quot;. Basically, think of it as being a measure of how much more difficult the course is for high handicappers than scratch golfers. Courses play differently for golfers of different abilities; a course with long fairways and a lot of lateral water hazards doesn't play much differently for a scratch golfer, because he'll have the long, accurate drive and fairway shots to send the ball down the middle of the fairway and get to the green &quot;in regulation&quot;. But, it can make for a really long day for a &quot;bogey golfer&quot; with a short drive and a stubborn slice who keeps putting it in the water and takes more than par just to make it to the green. Conversely, a course might have nice wide fairways, but pockmarked with hazards right in range of the scratch player's average drive; so, he either has to play better than average to carry over the hazards, or lay up short of them and possibly take an extra stroke to get on the green. The bogey golfer, however, wouldn't be bothered by the hazard since he would never be able to drive far enough for it to be a problem, so the course actually affects the scratch golfer's game and score more than the bogey golfer's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To account for all these variations in course difficulty and player ability, without requiring the player to have recently played a number of rounds at the course to calculate a course-specific handicap, the USGA uses a &quot;Handicap Index&quot;, which averages a number of normalized, adjusted &quot;Handicap Differentials&quot; recorded from past plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your Handicap Index is calculated by starting with the raw score of your most recent 20 games played by &quot;strict rules&quot; (or however many you have; you must have at least 5). You can make a few sanctioned adjustments to those scores to mitigate really bad out-of-character scores or to compensate for deviations from struct rules such as mulligans. This gives you the Adjusted Score. Take the lowest 10 scores (if you have 20 recent plays; if you don't, you use a reduced number that can be produced by the Excel formula &lt;code&gt;=CEILING((A1-4) * 0.5 + ((A1-16) * 0.5 * (A1&amp;gt;15)), 1)&lt;/code&gt; where cell A1 contains the number of rounds played). For each of these, subtract the Course Rating from the score, multiply by 113 (the average slope rating of all USGA courses), divide by the Slope Rating for that round, then multiply again by .96 (an &quot;Excellence Factor&quot; that reduces the advantage of a high handicap, forcing high 'cappers to drop more strokes from their average game to beat a low capper, thus improving their cap) and round to the nearest tenth to produce the Handicap Differential for each of the rounds. Average these Differentials together (a spreadsheet program really helps out here), round to the nearest tenth, and you have your Handicap Index.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To compute your Course Handicap, simply multiply by the Slope rating of the tee box you're about to play from, then divide by 113, and round to the nearest whole number. Why isn't Course Rating used here? Because a &quot;scratch golfer&quot; would expect to score the Course Rating, so it wouldn't be fair if your handicap got you to the course par which can be up to 6 strokes below the Rating of more difficult courses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your Course Handicap is dependent on the tee you hit from, not only in the current round but your past 20 rounds (or however many you've played). How it is applied to the play of a round, however, does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-02-19T17:33:46.207" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T17:33:46.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5654" CreationDate="2014-10-30T18:09:21.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, part of the fitting is to determine what you already know; swing speed of various clubs. That in turn determines your position along a bell curve of player profiles that will indicate the type of clubs you should buy. Players with stronger, faster swings should use clubs with stiffer shaft flexes, lower lofts (or a wider range of lofts) and less draw bias or even a fade bias (a strong swing, properly executed, will torque the clubhead to the inside as the shaft releases its flex; however, most clubs come with a slight inside angle to the face at rest to correct for a natural tendency among amateurs to fade or slice shots).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, standing there hitting balls, your ability to be consistent will lead the clubfitter to recommend clubs of various construction. Most &quot;beginner&quot; or &quot;casual&quot; clubsets are designed for maximum forgiveness; they're heavily &quot;perimeter-weighted&quot; for distance and maximum sweet spot, higher in mass for a particular loft, with wide, deep soles to be more forgiving of &quot;turfed&quot; shots and to launch the ball higher (compensating a little for the &quot;de-lofting&quot; of clubs in this range over time, allowing players with slower swings to hit further). These are very easy to swing, but they emphasize making a straight shot, so it can be very difficult to &quot;shape&quot; the ball's flight path with an intentional variation in swing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sets designed for more advanced players that need this ability to get out of a jam (instead of beginners who need clubs that help them avoid getting into a jam in the first place) tend to be more blade-like; narrower soles, thinner construction, etc. Still perimeter-weighted, but you'll definitely know when you're not hitting it well with a club like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this knowledge will tell you the type of club to go for; then you'll choose clubs or matched sets falling in that category, and take some demos to the bay to try out. Once you've found a set that works well for you, there are additional fitting steps that further match those clubs to your swing. First and most important is shaft length. Players naturally bend over more or less at address, which affects how &quot;thin&quot; or &quot;deep&quot; their average shot is. Players who bend over a lot, and don't want to change, can shorten their club shafts to avoid &quot;turfing&quot; the club (hitting the ground before the ball; reduces launch speed and distance, causes inconsistent launch directions, and really pisses off groundkeeping staff). Players who stand straighter can use longer shafts to avoid &quot;thinning&quot;, &quot;skulling&quot; or &quot;topping&quot; their shots (hitting low on the face causing a lower launch, or in the extreme hitting it with the club's leading edge or even hitting over the top sending the ball down into the ground).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once that's sorted out, the next most important thing is lie angle, which is the angle the sole of the club makes with the shaft, and therefore its angle to the ground at impact. Simply stated, the center of the sole of each of your irons should contact the ground first. If the sole contacts the ground closer to the heel, that rotates the clubface so the ball will launch left, and it's true in reverse if the toe contacts first. To measure this, the clubfitter will place a piece of pressure-marking tape (similar to what's used in some receipt printers; at high pressure it turns from white to blue) along the sole of the club, then have you hit a few balls off of a rigid surface placed over the turf in the bay. The tape will be marked where the club hits the plank, and the fitter will bend the hosel of the club to compensate for the club hitting off-center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, all of this requires you to have a consistent enough swing, both from swing to swing and day to day, that the data produced by the fitting process is indicative of your actual swing out on the course. If your ball-striking is inconsistent or your swing path varies from shot to shot, the data from a fitting will be inconclusive. Perhaps worse, you could dial it in one way in the fitting bay, then the very next day your swing behavior will drift to the opposite extreme, so not only do you have consistency problems, your clubs will magnify them. If you can't make the same club hit the same ball in the same direction three times in a row on two different days, then take whatever clubs you have now to the driving range and hit them until you can, before you start talking about custom-fitting a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T18:15:13.057" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T18:15:13.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6998" CreationDate="2014-10-30T18:39:14.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any points awarded to Federer for his Davis Cup play in November will go towards his ranking for the following year (2015). The World Tour Finals mark the end of the ATP regular season and the year-end number 1 is awarded (along with many other awards) following the end of the tournament in London. So Federer will need to secure the number one spot by the end of the World Tour Finals in order to be crowned year end No. 1. Basically, the season ends there in London, not on December 31st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T18:39:14.833" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5475" CreationDate="2014-10-30T19:09:34.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the applicable rules for stroke play in this situation are 10-2, 22-1 and 22-2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rule 10-2 says the player furthest from the hole is normally the next to play. However, there is no penalty in stroke play for playing out of turn &lt;em&gt;as long as&lt;/em&gt; the players did not agree to play out of turn to confer an advantage to one or both players (that's a disqualification).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rule 22-1 requires a player whose ball's position may reasonably assist another player to either lift and mark it, or at his option in stroke play to play it, if he himself notices this possibility or at the request of any fellow-competitor who does.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rule 22-2 allows a a player whose line of play is impeded by another player's ball to request that the ball be lifted. The player who would be lifting their ball has the option, in stroke play, to play it instead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's custom to play out of turn in order to &quot;clean up&quot; a ball laying near enough to a hole that the player can be expected to hole out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether lifting or playing a ball close to the hole, players have to be careful not to disturb the line of play of other golfers; a soft green will retain marks from the golfer's spikes which can interrupt a ball's path, so golfers avoid placing their feet along the probable line of putt of another player. This can lead to some funky stances for tap-ins, which are specifically allowed as exceptions to Rule 16-1 (which otherwise prohibits a player taking a stance standing astride or with either foot on their line of putt) because they are taken specifically to avoid another player's line of putt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Duncan says, in casual play, players whose balls are within some certain distance can, on approval by another player, pick up their ball and score the hole as if they would have holed out with their next stroke. It's called a &quot;gimme&quot;, and it speeds casual play but it's technically a disqualification from a tournament for leaving a hole without having holed out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T19:18:29.863" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T19:18:29.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7003" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7004" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" Score="0" Body="Questions about the International Table Tennis Federation." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T19:34:13.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4867" CreationDate="2014-10-30T20:21:19.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The follow-through, in itself, has no bearing on the shot shape, especially with irons when you tend to tee the ball further back in your stance; for those shots, the ball is long gone before the clubhead begins to rise out of the turf. However, the &lt;em&gt;mentality&lt;/em&gt; inherent in adopting a particular follow-through can cause a player to adopt certain changes in swing mechanics that &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; affect the portions of the swing prior to impact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, a mentality to abbreviate your follow through will cause you to lead more with your hands so you can control the club, and you'll feel like you're not &quot;breaking&quot; your wrist to release the clubhead until after the ball's already gone. In reality, you end up releasing the clubhead just before impact, so your hands are still a little out in front, de-lofting the club at impact. You also do one or two other things; keeping your hands in front means there's more distance between your hands and the ball at impact, and that can cause you to hit the ball &quot;thinner&quot;, toward the bottom edge of the clubface, which causes a lower launch. Or, the additional bracing of your arms in anticipation of controlling the follow-through will cause you to stand up slightly on the downswing, and that also causes a thinner, lower-launch shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By contrast, focusing on taking a relaxed, full swing and follow-through will lead you to release the clubhead earlier, so the clubhead's inline with your head and hands at impact. That decreases the distance between your hands and the ball so you hit higher up on the clubhead, and lofts the club a little more, both causing a higher launch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T20:21:19.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3738" CreationDate="2014-10-30T20:45:32.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Longer tees are typically for woods and your driver, while shorter tees are for irons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The modern driver is a deep-faced club, so the distance between the sweet spot (which you want to put right on the ball) and the bottom edge of the club (which you want to avoid dragging over the ground) is the greatest of any club. In addition, most instructors tell you to tee the ball forward in your stance, often just behind your leading foot, so you're hitting up and out at the ball as you come out of your downswing; this gets you the optimum launch trajectory for maximum distance while minimizing backspin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This club, therefore, definitely calls for a deep tee. I tend to tee my drives with the ball's thickest point (as seen by the club) right at the upper edge of the face of my driver, and slightly inside the centerline. That allows me to take a swing that clears the &quot;deck&quot; and hits into the ball on the upswing, sending it right down the line. To get the height I want, I use about a 2.5&quot; tee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, practically every other club you might use from the tee box, even your higher-numbered woods, you more often hit from the turf on par-4s and 5s. You don't want to mess with that too much on the tee box; All the tee is providing here is a low-friction base and clearance from any irregularities in the turf of the tee box (which, for holes that call for a mid-iron off the tee, can get pretty chewed up). For holes that don't call for a drive, if I use a tee at all, I use it to just barely clear the turf so I can get the impact point up into the sweet spot of whatever club I use without taking too big a divot. Sometimes, I'll raise a teed ball for my 3-wood off the turf just a little bit to get some of that &quot;hit up into it&quot; action for better distance and less backspin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these situations, I often scout around real quickly for a broken tee another golfer's discarded, with about half an inch to an inch of shaft on it, and use that instead of a full intact tee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T20:45:32.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2014-10-30T22:44:43.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's actually fairly common in U.S. auto racing; teams in those sports are often family owned and passed down between generations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lee Petty raced against two of his sons, Richard and Maurice, in the same NASCAR race in 1960.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mario Andretti raced alongside his son Michael in the CART Indy Car series for 8 years, from Michael's rookie year in 1984 (Mario having rejoined the Indy Car series from Formula-1 in '82), to 1992 when Mario retired for good (becoming Michael's crew chief). From 1990 to 1992, Mario and Michael were joined on the circuit by Jeff, Mario's son and Michael's brother, who raced in CART until a serious crash in 1994 effectively ended his career. Michael, in turn, practiced alongside his own son Marco before the latter's first Indy 500 in 2006, but the two never competed in a race as Michael had officially retired in 2002.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Al Unser Sr and Jr were both in the American Championship (aka CART) for 11 years before &quot;Big Al&quot;'s retirement in 1994. Al Sr and his brother Bobby Unser also raced together.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dale Earnhardts Jr and Sr competed together in the Winston Cup Series in 2000 and 2001 before Sr's fatal crash at Daytona.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T22:52:38.533" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T22:52:38.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6982" CreationDate="2014-10-31T00:15:01.870" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There aren't a lot of trick plays of this type that are still legal, and even fewer that an NFL team would want to try. Essentially, one of two things have to happen for ineligibility to be nullified; the opposing team has to touch the ball, or the ball has to be carried beyond the LOS by someone on the offense who legally receives it from the QB, then laterals to an otherwise ineligible linesman (such as your tackle hook and lateral example, which AFAIK is a legal play in the NFL). I guarantee you there's not a single play in anybody's playbook that involves the offense trying to make the defense touch the ball without gaining possession, just to give it to a guard or tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A not-uncommon play in lower leagues, and as far as I can tell not illegal in the NFL, is to &quot;pull the guard&quot;; instead of blocking, the left or right guard drops back and crosses the QB, who hands off the ball to the guard as he might to a running back. A tight end or big back would step up to fill the hole left by the guard, and the ball's out of the pocket pretty quickly anyway; anyone getting through on that side would have to chase down the guard. However, guards in the NFL are typically a bit too big (and too battered by that point in their career) to be good ball carriers, so I doubt an NFL guard would be fast enough to be able to turn the corner once the play developed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, most of these trick plays require players that can be good at multiple specialized positions, so when you get to the NFL, where the people at each position are the best in the sport, they tend to end up too specialized at their position to work well at any other, especially when talking about offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of formations that can fool an unsuspecting defense into &lt;em&gt;thinking&lt;/em&gt; a person isn't eligible. 2 tight ends, for instance; the formation puts all seven down linesmen in the center cluster, with the WRs lining up behind the LOS. Defenses are used to seeing the outside receivers lining up on the LOS, so if a defensive end or OLB isn't paying attention to how the outside WR on his side lines up, they might push right past an eligible receiver thinking he's a guard, making for an easy screen or inside slant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Also, as was popularized with the Patriots' playoff run in 2014-2015, you can set up formations that specifically declare an otherwise ineligible player to be eligible. The officials and the other team must be made aware of the fact that a particular player is reporting as eligible. This led to a few touchdown scores by traditionally-ineligible players like tackles and guards, whose assigned blocks were instead handled by tight ends, slot receivers or backs. However, these players are eligible as of the snap of the ball; nothing really special or out of the ordinary has to happen during the play for them to legally end up with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-02-19T17:41:31.943" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T17:41:31.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6994" CreationDate="2014-10-31T03:25:07.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal to hold the racket with two hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a serve, you need to hold the racket with one hand, because you need to hold the ball with your free hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, 2.06 (The Service): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.06.01   Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of the server's stationary free hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the service, you do not need a free hand.  There is no rule prohibiting holding the racket with two hands.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.old.ittf.com/URC/PDF/HMO_15th_edition.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook for Match Officials (PDF)&lt;/a&gt; makes it clear that it is permissible to switch hands during a rally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.3  For the same reason he or she cannot make a good return by throwing his or her racket &#xA;  at  the  ball,  because  the  racket  does  not  “strike”  the  ball  if  it  is  not  held  in  the  racket hand at the moment  of impact. However,  a player may transfer his or her racket from &#xA;  one hand to the other during play and strike the ball with the racket held alternately in &#xA;  either hand, because the hand holding the racket is automatically the “racket hand”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to switch hands, you need to hold the racket in both hands at some point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T15:26:01.057" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T15:26:01.057" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7010" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7016" CreationDate="2014-10-31T04:06:52.370" Score="7" ViewCount="892" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the main differences between regulations of the NFL and the CFL? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I live in Canada and follow the NFL, but also watch CFL games once in a while. I know a few differences; for example in the NFL each team gets 4 tries to carry the ball 10 yards, but that is only 3 tries in the CFL. Also I have noticed that the field is bigger under CFL regulations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what are the major differences between the rules in these two leagues, specially when it comes to fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-14T07:26:53.867" LastActivityDate="2016-04-14T07:26:53.867" Title="What are the main differences between regulations of the NFL and the CFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|trivia|nfl|cfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7011" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-31T12:02:06.993" Score="12" ViewCount="6192" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see female footballers who have played over 300 international games and several who have more than 200 caps. A sample of the top scorers in women's football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player, Caps&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Abby Wambach, 228&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mia Hamm, 275&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Christine Sinclair, 211&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kristine Lilly, 352&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Birgit Prinz, 214&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The corresponding record holder for men's football is Ahmed Hassan with a comparatively paltry &lt;strong&gt;184&lt;/strong&gt;. Is there a reason for this difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wondered if it was because the men's football calendar is packed with league fixtures leaving very little room for international matches. But, I believe England and several other countries have professional leagues for women footballers too. So, is there some other reason for the discrepancy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:27:47.713" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T07:27:47.713" Title="Why do female footballers play a higher number of international matches compared to a male footballer?" Tags="|football|international-sports|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7011" CreationDate="2014-10-31T12:37:25.580" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think because female football is played by a &lt;strong&gt;few number of players&lt;/strong&gt; than men's one. So it is more difficult to find new strong player to play with national teams. So it easy for the coaches to &quot;use&quot; experienced players to find better results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2014-11-02T01:49:40.923" LastActivityDate="2014-11-02T01:49:40.923" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7013" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-10-31T13:05:54.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Canadian Football is played similarly to the American version. However, there are some notable rule differences across these leagues such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 downs a possession in CFL vs 4 downs in NFL&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field size&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;End zone size&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shape and size of the football&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;definition of a catch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Receivers' movement prior to snap&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Position of the upright&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information between the NFL and the CFL see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7010/what-are-the-main-differences-between-regulations-of-the-nfl-and-the-cfl&quot;&gt;What are the main differences between regulations of the NFL and the CFL?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CFL has 9 teams currently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Calgary Stampeders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Edmonton Eskimos&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saskatchewan Roughriders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;BC Lions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Montreal Alouettes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hamilton Tiger-Cats&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Toronto Argonauts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winnipeg Blue Bombers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ottawa Redbalcks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The CFL trophy is known as the Grey Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T23:07:50.550" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T23:07:50.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7014" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-10-31T13:05:54.847" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Canadian Football League (CFL)" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-10-31T14:14:08.277" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T14:14:08.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6998" CreationDate="2014-10-31T16:01:53.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/10/44/Paris-Monday-Djokovic.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Djokovic looking over his shoulder in battle for No. 1&lt;/a&gt;, which is published directly on the ATP tour website, mentions that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 27-year-old Djokovic has a slender 490-point lead over Federer in the Emirates ATP Race To London going into Paris. There is a potential total of 2,500 points to be earned in Paris and at the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals, &lt;strong&gt;with Federer also having the chance to earn possibly decisive points when he leads Switzerland in the Davis Cup final against France.&lt;/strong&gt; The Basel native is looking to become the oldest year-end No. 1 by some margin. Previously, Ivan Lendl and Andre Agassi both achieved the feat when they were 29.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To prevent link rot, I will also add a link to the version of this article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20141029041156/http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/10/44/Paris-Monday-Djokovic.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I was not able to find anything about this in faq or rulebook, this article published directly on the ATP website is the closest thing to &lt;em&gt;official&lt;/em&gt; standpoint of ATP I was able to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As already menioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/6998/will-the-atp-year-end-no-1-be-awarded-after-the-atp-world-tour-finals-or-the-da?noredirect=1#comment14779_6998&quot;&gt;a comment&lt;/a&gt; I was able to find some other sources which say that DC finals can be a factor for Year-End No. 1. (Of course, any unofficial source can contain mistakes.) For example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rogerfedererfans.com/forum/topic/1637-important-clarification-on-whether-atp-points-of-davis-cup-final-tie-will-get-counted-in-2013-year-end-rankings-or-not/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/10/roger-federer-number-one-atp-ranking-novak-djokovic-2014-no-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennistweets.com/blog/86/davis-cup-final-could-determine-atp-year-end-no-1.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-roger-federer-says-does-not-matter-if-he-s-no-1-this-year-or-next-post-paris-masters-fallout-2031128&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ruansfedererblog.com/federer-comes-up-short-against-raonic-number-one-ranking-out-of-his-hands/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://secondserb.blogspot.in/2014/10/london-world-no-1-scenarios.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wearetennis.com/en_UK/#/2014/10/30/we-are-tennis-you-better-believe-it/4592&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-x.com/xblog/2014-10-27/17511.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=352713&amp;amp;page=9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=544826&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=236585&amp;amp;page=61&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;. (Some of the sources I link there are internet discussions, some of them are blogs or articles. You'll have to decide for yourself to which extent you consider them reliable.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should clarify that I was able to find in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;internet archive&lt;/a&gt;) several things that are determined from the ranking after World Tour Finals (bonus pool) or even before WTF (commited players). But I did not find a mention of year-end no. 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will copy here some parts from Chapter 1, which are relevant to this these topics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I. ATP CIRCUIT REGULATIONS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C. Commitment Player&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A 2014 ATP commitment player is any player positioned in the Top 30 in the ATP 2013&#xA;  Rankings (singles) as of November 4, 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D. Commitment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ... 2014 Davis Cup points may be counted as one (1) of the best of six (6)&#xA;  in the Emirates ATP Rankings, however, it shall not count towards the commitment&#xA;  requirement of a commitment player. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G. ATP World Tour Masters 1000 &amp;amp; Barclays ATP World Tour Finals (“WTF”) Bonus&#xA;  Pool&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Players in good standing shall be eligible for the bonus pool based upon the Emirates&#xA;  ATP Rankings as of the Monday following the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals in the&#xA;  current year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-11-02T06:23:58.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7010" CreationDate="2014-10-31T18:21:35.460" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is site that covers a lot of differences. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.13thman.com/cflvsnfl.html&quot;&gt;http://www.13thman.com/cflvsnfl.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically to penalties is the Fair catch (NFL) vs. No Yards rule (CFL) on kick returns, but in general some of the bigger differences include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field length and upright position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of players on the field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of downs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scoring rules on kicking plays&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fair catch (NFL) vs. No Yards rule (CFL) on kick returns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Length of play clock&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players in motion prior to the snap&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another rule I didn't see mentioned but is fairly significant is that CFL only requires one foot in play for a catch to be considered complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there are other rule differences as well this is just a start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6359" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T18:21:35.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7017" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7018" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T20:21:17.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7019" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-02T05:37:07.960" Score="5" ViewCount="7239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard a lot of people say (insert American sports team) needs a rebuild. It's usually said when a team is on a bad run or has one or two bad season, and I've only ever heard people say it regarding American sports such as ice hockey or basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would take it to mean something like getting rid of all of the players and replacing them, but that just doesn't seem feasible or like anything a team would ever do. I guessed it could also mean getting rid of all of the old players, and replacing them with kids? Or changing which players play on which lines and who plays with who, but don't coaches do that every game anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-18T11:53:19.927" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T22:11:26.323" Title="What does it mean to rebuild a team?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7019" CreationDate="2014-11-02T14:43:56.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Rebuilding&quot; a team means taking a group of veteran, but (mostly) mediocre players, and trading them for younger, unproven players, in the hope that the younger players will collectively &quot;grow&quot; into something better than what you started out with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A losing team is one that is &quot;stuck&quot; with mediocre players. Often, they are veterans, but some of them might have qualities that are useful to, or fill a need, on some better team. Or you might have an inadequate team with (a few) &quot;stars and scrubs&quot; (think Mike Trout and the rest of the Angels), in which case you have good players to trade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The better team is often &quot;contending,&quot; and therefore wants veterans &lt;strong&gt;now.&lt;/strong&gt; It is willing to give up future players to &quot;win now.&quot; The worse team (by definition) can't win &quot;now,&quot; and hopes that by trading present players for future players, they can win &quot;later.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the teams with the worst records get the earliest picks in the &quot;drafts.&quot; These early draft picks help teams rebuild with the most promising &quot;rookies.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of a rebuilding team in 2016-17 is the Chicago White Sox. Because the rest of the team was weak, they traded away stars like Chris Sale, Adam Eaton, and Jose Quintana, respectively, to &quot;win now&quot; teams like the Boston Red Sox, the Washington Nationals, and Chicago Cubs. The prospects they got in those trades upgraded a formerly mediocre farm system to arguably the best in baseball that could help them win in the future after they arrive in the Major Leagues. As a result, Bleacher Report projects them as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2728219-future-power-rankings-where-every-mlb-team-will-stand-3-years-from-now&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Number 5 team&lt;/a&gt; in 2020, even though they have few veterans left, unlike the higher-ranked Dodgers, Red Sox or  Yankees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T22:11:26.323" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T22:11:26.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6998" CreationDate="2014-11-02T17:16:06.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As we can see in the ranking breakdown of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Novak-Djokovic.aspx?t=rb&amp;amp;d=n&amp;amp;ytd=y#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;breakdown&quot;&gt;Race to London&lt;/a&gt;, Djokovic still holds 150pts earned from DC final last year. I'm guessing that the Tour Finals mark the end of the season and DC cup final results are rewarded to the next season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7512" LastActivityDate="2014-11-02T17:16:06.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7022" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-02T22:47:29.083" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is greyhound racing seasonal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, are there more races in the winter than the summer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6389" LastActivityDate="2014-11-02T22:47:29.083" Title="Is Greyhound Racing Seasonal?" Tags="|greyhound-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7043" CreationDate="2014-11-03T06:12:54.837" Score="0" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an intense soccer game coming on this Sunday, it's now Monday in my time and I have around 6 days to prepare for the game. A couple of things about my current situation which I need your advice on how to best get my body ready:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I do jog and the last time I jog was 4 days ago.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;My last soccer game was 3 weeks ago. That means I'm not in the best&#xA;condition for the game unless I start some simple training for myself&#xA;now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There's no game + training from now until that day (Sunday).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I'm generally fit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what I'm trying to do is to best use this 5-6 days period to improve my chance of having a good performance. What would you advice me to do? Which strategies should I use? Any good diet advice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7513" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T21:13:38.587" Title="Pre intense soccer game preparation strategies" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7025" CreationDate="2014-11-03T11:52:14.437" Score="4" ViewCount="68946" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if a hit ball lands just inside the foul line (fair), but then bounces out (foul), what is it ruled as?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The flip case: if a ball lands foul, but it hits a patch of grass or whatever and bounces fair, what it is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T03:35:15.473" Title="Can a ball change status (fair/foul) once it hit the ground?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7024" CreationDate="2014-11-03T12:30:16.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;These definitions from MLB should help clarify the situations. Here is the link to the source site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball first lands foul beyond first or third base it is foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first base, or between home and third base, or that bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that first falls on foul territory beyond first or third base, or that, while on or over foul territory, touches the person of an umpire or player, or any object foreign to the natural ground.&#xA;  A foul fly shall be judged according to the relative position of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether the infielder is on foul or fair territory at the time he touches the ball.&#xA;  Rule 2.00 (Foul Ball) Comment: A batted ball not touched by a fielder, which hits the pitchers rubber and rebounds into foul territory, between home and first, or between home and third base is a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ball that lands foul and moves to fair territory before first or third base is fair. The key in the above definition is the word settles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first base, or between home and third base&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another rule states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a declared Infield Fly is allowed to fall untouched to the ground, and bounces foul before passing first or third base, it is a foul ball. If a declared Infield Fly falls untouched to the ground outside the baseline, and bounces fair before passing first or third base, it is an Infield Fly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball lands fair in the outfield (past first or third base) it is considered fair no matter where it bounces or rolls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first base, or between home and third base, or that is on or over fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third base, or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls on fair territory on or beyond first base or third base, or that, while on or over fair territory touches the person of an umpire or player, or that, while over fair territory, passes out of the playing field in flight.&#xA;  A fair fly shall be judged according to the relative position of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether the fielder is on fair or foul territory at the time he touches the ball. &#xA;  Rule 2.00 (Fair Ball) Comment: If a fly ball lands in the infield between home and first base, or home and third base, and then bounces to foul territory without touching a player or umpire and before passing first or third base, it is a foul ball; or if the ball settles on foul territory or is touched by a player on foul territory, it is a foul ball. If a fly ball lands on or beyond first or third base and then bounces to foul territory, it is a fair hit.&#xA;  Clubs, increasingly, are erecting tall foul poles at the fence line with a wire netting extending along the side of the pole on fair territory above the fence to enable the umpires more accurately to judge fair and foul balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen above if the ball makes contact with a player, umpire or foreign object before hitting the ground is considered fair.&#xA;However a ball that lands fair before first or third base can then roll or bounce foul as long as it is untouched and moves to foul territory before first or third is considered foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These definitions for fair and foul territory may also help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FAIR TERRITORY is that part of the playing field within, and including the first base and third base lines, from home base to the bottom of the playing field fence and perpendicularly upwards. All foul lines are in fair territory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FOUL TERRITORY is that part of the playing field outside the first and third base lines extended to the fence and perpendicularly upwards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6359" LastEditorUserId="6359" LastEditDate="2014-11-04T11:55:19.280" LastActivityDate="2014-11-04T11:55:19.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7019" CreationDate="2014-11-03T22:08:09.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At its core, what a 'rebuilding' team means is that it's going through a losing stretch that's expected, because it doesn't have the tools needed to be competitive.  As such:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Expensive free agents are avoided.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Young kids are given a better chance to play, to see if they're going to work out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overall team salary tends to be low.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also is a &quot;signal&quot; to fans to not expect the team to compete and win; GMs or other team executives often want to make sure it's clear they're not trying to win in the short term, because otherwise their jobs may be at stake.  If you signal a &quot;rebuild&quot;, that may earn you a few more years (if people think it was a good idea and like your rebuilding plan, anyway).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some teams avoid &quot;rebuild&quot; and instead &quot;refresh&quot; or &quot;retool&quot;.  The Chicago White Sox are a good example of this: they went through several &quot;retools&quot; since 2005, where the team seemed to have fallen apart and the GM decided to be aggressive in the trade/free agent market rather than a full rebuild.  This is often the case in mid-market teams, where an extended losing period might cost too many fans (in particular in a two-team market like Chicago, where the Cubs have the better presence, and so the White Sox need to pretend at least to be competitive).  It's often hard to do this for long periods of time, unless you have nearly unlimited salaries available, because constant retooling means you never lose enough games to get high draft picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some links about White Sox retools:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/26258940/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/26258940/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.whitesox.mlb.com/news/article/15254836/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://m.whitesox.mlb.com/news/article/15254836/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T22:08:09.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4138" CreationDate="2014-11-04T05:37:06.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be honest, Canada could have been considered a dynasty for the past 100 years now; there have been 12 best vs best tournaments in the history of hockey, this is how it breaks down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1976 Canada Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1981 Canada Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1984 Canada Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1987 Canada Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1991 Canada Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 World Cup of Hockey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002 Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004 World Cup of Hockey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010 Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014 Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Canada has won 8 of these tournaments, I'm sure you can pick out which ones, no other country has won more than 1. Canada has been a dynasty for the past…forever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7516" LastEditorUserId="6240" LastEditDate="2014-11-04T21:30:04.380" LastActivityDate="2014-11-04T21:30:04.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7028" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-04T14:54:09.013" Score="2" ViewCount="3564" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trying to learn the Offside rule.  From what I gather Offside is when an offensive player gets behind the defense and takes a pass from another player. So, why doesn't the defense just stop around midfield so the offense can't take a pass past that point.  Just Curious!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7520" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-10T02:21:49.897" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T06:06:10.867" Title="Position of the Defense in Soccer Offside" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7028" CreationDate="2014-11-04T15:15:57.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some parts of the rule that might contribute towards an answer for your question are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An attacking player can't be offside in his own half, so a defence won't ever push up beyond the halfway line for the purpose of playing an offside trap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the offside is determined when a pass is first played, so the higher a defence pushes up - the more space in behind them there is to drop a pass. Defences are particularly vulnerable to this against quick attackers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is only offside if a pass is played towards the opposition goal(/forwards), so if a defence is pushed up high and an attacker dribbles past them he can pass backwards/sideways to a fellow attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thats just the basics. There's a lot more to the rule including some subjectivity. Link for more information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0CCEQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefa.com%2Ffootball-rules-governance%2Flaws%2Ffootball-11-11%2Flaw-11---offside.aspx&amp;amp;ei=ce1YVLauNczasAT9zYLIDg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFGg1I5Dw5r-Yz9ngU2xxwYqVY-Bg&amp;amp;bvm=bv.78677474,d.eXY&quot;&gt;The FA's Law 11: Offside&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7449" LastActivityDate="2014-11-04T15:15:57.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8728" CreationDate="2014-11-04T17:14:50.983" Score="2" ViewCount="1217" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been skiing and boarding for quite a while now, and have no problems neither with high speed (on empty ski runs up to 80-90 km/h with ease without loosing control) nor some other kinds of ski runs (moguls, powder, off-piste, ice, I don't care). My main problem now is: as soon as I lift off (may it be on the run while going over some bumps, or going over kickers) I have extreme problems with stabilization which mostly results in a bad landing (I am able to cope with that, but's not very comfortable). This leads to a decrease of self-confidence in front of kickers, even if I know that I just have to be fast enough for being safe, which reduces my speed of approach, thus leading to a quite possible landing on the table (not preferred). So, are there any ideas how to improve confidence for being airborne?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7521" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-11-04T21:33:28.377" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T08:58:42.370" Title="How to get more self-confident while jumping kickers?" Tags="|snowboarding|skiing|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7031" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7032" CreationDate="2014-11-04T21:59:16.867" Score="8" ViewCount="3683" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it that a bookmaker can offer a basketball game with say a +10.5 handicap on Team A, and the game finishes 110-100 or 101-90?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing seems to happen with the point total, they'll set the line at over/under 198.5 and it often finishes 100-98 or 100-99&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you even start to calculate what the final total or point difference will be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2022-01-24T07:02:52.370" Title="How do bookmakers get the lines so close on sports betting?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7031" CreationDate="2014-11-04T22:08:08.433" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's what Vegas has on hand to determine this stuff:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tons and tons of stats, and smart folks to interpret them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have historical game stats, but more importantly, they have stats on historical betting tendencies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other half of this is that oddsmakers don't make their money predicting outcomes with their point spreads, but betting tendencies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you ever wonder why college lines are sometimes super ridiculous? Like 28 points ridiculous or more? It's because the odds makers know that if they make it any closer than that, everyone will bet the favorite and they'll lose a lot of money. So &lt;em&gt;instead&lt;/em&gt; they set a line that's in play, but it moves the goal posts on the betting so that the favorite isn't the clear bet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the magic starts. For football especially, Vegas will set an initial line at the beginning of the week. And then, as the bets roll in, they'll judge the &lt;em&gt;balance of the betting&lt;/em&gt; and shift the line to entice people to put money down on the weaker side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that largely, the final line is dictated by the initial stats Vegas uses to set the line, but then it's dictated by the wisdom of the crowds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-11-04T22:08:08.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7033" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16852" CreationDate="2014-11-04T23:27:26.640" Score="5" ViewCount="4503" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an old aluminum tennis racquet that I'm looking to replace after having broke its strings. I know neither my hand's grip size nor the racquet's grip size, but I do know that the racquet is the right size for my hand. I looked up methods for measuring my hand's grip size, but I didn't find them to work well for me. However, if I can measure my old racquet, I'll be all set for getting a new one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I measure the racquet grip size?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1202" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:38:36.860" Title="Measure a tennis racquet grip size" Tags="|tennis|racket|grip|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7039" CreationDate="2014-11-05T01:08:51.733" Score="4" ViewCount="473" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a couple of basic questions about NFL betting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are betting odds set in stone before the game begins, or do they evolve with the progression of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What are &amp;quot;closing odds?&amp;quot;  Are closing odds made during the game, or before it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7522" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T14:52:44.867" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T14:52:44.867" Title="NFL betting odds during game" Tags="|american-football|nfl|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-05T02:28:23.077" Score="5" ViewCount="8307" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have the ball gathered on 1 foot, I know you can jump and land on both feet at the same time and that it is a valid play (Jump Stop).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if you gather the ball on 1 foot, then jump off that foot and then land on it again.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Is that a travel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7523" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T10:48:33.957" LastActivityDate="2021-12-27T10:48:33.957" Title="Can you hop on 1 leg twice when you have gathered the ball in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7047" CreationDate="2014-11-05T07:32:04.840" Score="3" ViewCount="920" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand the rules correctly, whenever a player receives red card, he is suspended for the next match. The same is true for 3 yellow cards. See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_qualifying_Group_C#Discipline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know what happens in the situation illustrated in the following example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the match in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_UEFA_European_Under-21_Championship_qualification_play-offs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;U-21 Euro qualifying play-offs&lt;/a&gt; Slovak midfielder &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondrej_Duda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ondrej Duda&lt;/a&gt; was sent-off, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/under21/season=2015/matches/round=2000413/match=2015230/postmatch/report/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/10/14/europe/uefa-u21-championship/italy-under-21/slovakia-under-21/1942923/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. As of this moment, this was his last match for national team, see for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://int.soccerway.com/players/ondrej-duda/250672/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;his profile on soccerway&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was recently called up for the next fixture of the Slovak team in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_qualifying_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying&lt;/a&gt; against Macedonia. (Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://sport.sme.sk/c/7475302/kozak-nominoval-na-macedonsko-aj-tinedzera-dudu.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a source&lt;/a&gt; in Slovak language.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are two different competitions, but both of them are organized by UEFA. I wonder whether he should be suspended in the senior team 's game or whether the suspensions are counted separately for senior and junior events. (Or, more generally, for various competitions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the suspensions are not considered separately, another factor here might be that the U-21 qualifying tournament is already completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TL;DR: If a player receives a suspension in U-21 competition, can he still play for senior's team? Is there a difference if the junior competition, where the player received suspension, is already completed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-05T15:25:31.963" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T01:34:13.103" Title="Are suspensions for red cards, yellow cards carried between junior and senior UEFA competitions?" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7037" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-11-05T15:28:02.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(punishment)#Sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Suspension&lt;/a&gt; of a player means that they are banned from playing in their respective sport for some period of time. Questions with this tag should also be tagged with the appropriate sport(s)/tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T21:46:56.197" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T21:46:56.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7038" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-11-05T15:28:02.590" Score="0" Body="Questions about suspensions in sports." OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T17:49:46.557" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T17:49:46.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7034" CreationDate="2014-11-05T18:16:05.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on the bookmaker.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, things like the total, money line, and spread will be set before the game starts.  During the game it is possible to choose these same bets for halves of the game and sometimes even quarters of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The odds will change for say the second half bets as the first half plays out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some bookmakers may even offer a live/ever changing odds.  You would be able to bet on the winner of the game or total during the game as it evolves.  The only difference is that the odds will change with the result of each play.  This is a very automated system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closing odds refer to the last odds offered before the game starts.  When the odds are first chosen by the bookmaker, they are called the opening odds.  You may hear something like &quot;the spread opened at -4.5 and closed at -3&quot;.  This means that during the time that the odds were made to the time they were last offered, the spread changed by 1.5 points.  This can be for a number of factors (injury, weather, suspensions, etc.), but usually is changed according to where bets are being placed leading up to the game.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7031/how-do-bookmakers-get-the-lines-so-close-on-sports-betting&quot;&gt;setting lines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you placed a bet at -4.5 then you will be locked in at that spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the example of during the game betting the closing odds for say the second half total would be chosen before kick off of the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T18:16:05.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2743" CreationDate="2014-11-05T19:05:53.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;100% vegetable oil will not harm leather and can help restore the oils lost through use and different exposures, such as sun, heat, dirt etc. Neatsfoot oil would be great but what is labeled as neatsfoot is pig oil. There is no commercially produced neatfoot oil. Go find some Pappy's Dubbin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7526" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2014-11-06T03:09:52.217" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T03:09:52.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7041" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-06T08:32:09.547" Score="11" ViewCount="42056" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was called for a travel in just a pick up game a couple months ago. I was also reading on Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;information about the travel rule&lt;/a&gt; about the situation and it seems that there are conflicting rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 3 scenarios I need to consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Scenario 1:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Staggered landing, with a pivot foot, after receiving the ball for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you lift your pivot foot (using your other foot to jump off obviously) to try to shoot the basketball OR pass the ball? I'm aware that you cannot lift your pivot foot before &amp;quot;releasing the ball to start a dribble&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that if you have gathered the ball into a staggered landing, AFTER dribbling, you can go for a shot/pass while lifting your pivot foot and your non pivot foot still on the ground. But the difference here is that you have not dribbled at all after first receiving the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Scenario 2:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;True Jump Stop&amp;quot; where you have &lt;strong&gt;received&lt;/strong&gt; the ball on 1 foot, then jumped and landed on 2 feet. In this case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that you cannot lift either foot, before &amp;quot;releasing the ball to start the dribble&amp;quot;. &lt;strong&gt;HOWEVER&lt;/strong&gt; If you were to go for a shot, I'm pretty sure you could jump off both feet in this case, and go for a jump shot. BUT are you able to lift just 1 foot, before the other, the other then goes into the air then go for a shot, OR lift just 1 foot while the other is still on the ground then go for a shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Scenario 3:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;True Jump Stop&amp;quot; where you have already dribbled, you gather the ball on 1 foot, then jump and land on both feet simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the question in scenario 2. Are you able go for a shot by lifting 1 foot off the ground followed by the other? Or go for a shot by lifting 1 foot, and keep the other foot ON the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The confusion all arises after I read this quote on Wikipedia for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)#FIBA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA traveling rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, there is no paragraph 4.a of Section 72. Therefore, it is a violation if the player, after coming to a stop and establishing the pivot foot, lifts it before the other foot without a dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7523" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T22:50:07.680" Title="When can you lift your pivot foot and go for a shot?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6998" CreationDate="2014-11-06T09:59:05.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. After the ATP World Tour Finals, Novak Djokovic's 150 points will be dropped and Davis Cup final points, which Roger Federer might win, will be added for Roger Federer. Race considers previous year's Davis Cup finals as well and not just the year end championship for the No.1 status. Some times ATP awards Player of the Year award which could be other than the one who holds no.1 ranking during the ATP Finals. It has happened once or twice in the past...km&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7529" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T12:11:45.520" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T12:11:45.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7023" CreationDate="2014-11-06T18:45:57.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider your team level of play (intro to premier) and your current age.  This can make a difference.  Consult your doctor before taking advice from the web.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jogging is great exercise but when I coach, I seldom use it to gauge field fitness.  I use it as a warm-up.  Football endurance requires intense sprinting with light controlled rests.  Plyometric training is something I believe strongly in.  Explosiveness is a huge benefit to a player.  A generalized week may look something like this. Sunday is your game day so no training that day.  The lead up (weekly - not one week) may consist of a rest day on Monday following the game - so no training.  Begin with a medium training regimen on Tuesday; intense explosive activities and drills follow on Wednesday and Thursday; followed by light workouts on Friday and on Saturday.  Note: these are suggestions only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Search the web for plyometric training and soccer training graph on the web for more information. Good luck on your match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-04T21:13:38.587" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T21:13:38.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2014-11-06T21:40:23.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in the NBA, this is a travel, and is a fairly new rule. You cannot gather, jump off of one foot, and then land on that same foot. I'm sure if other leagues haven't adopted this rule it's only a matter of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7530" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T21:40:23.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7036" CreationDate="2014-11-07T00:08:35.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ondrej Duda received the red card in an U-21 Euro Champions qualification match, so the suspension is defined in the regulation of that competition, available &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/88/95/94/1889594_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; on UEFA's website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically article 22.01 states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As a rule, a player who is sent off the field of play is suspended for the next&#xA;  match &lt;strong&gt;in the competition&lt;/strong&gt;. The Control and Disciplinary Body is entitled to augment this punishment. For serious offences the punishment can be extended to all UEFA competition categories&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the suspension does not apply at senior level (or in any other U-21 competition) and the player can play in the next game [unless The UEFA Disciplinary Body decided to ban the player from other competitions]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7532" LastActivityDate="2014-11-07T00:08:35.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7048" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7072" CreationDate="2014-11-07T15:45:26.590" Score="6" ViewCount="749" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on this year's schedule it seems that an NFL team's bye can come anywhere from the 4th week of the season to the 12th. Is there either conventional wisdom or statistical study of which weeks are most advantageous? I would think that a week 4 bye would be a bad deal: few players are going to be so banged up at that point that the week of makes a big different for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2014-11-27T02:48:50.170" Title="Are certain bye weeks more advantageous than others in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7049" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-07T21:43:19.187" Score="5" ViewCount="6461" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis (and for golf too, I believe), players are said to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;turn pro&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; after a few years of Challenger and lower-grade Tennis.&#xA;What does the phrase mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-08T16:10:46.030" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T00:03:05.597" Title="What does it mean to 'turn pro' in a sport?" Tags="|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7049" CreationDate="2014-11-07T22:30:36.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a bit of a nebulous term, really. I am not familiar with the world of golf enough to speak on the details of &quot;turning pro&quot; in that sport, but in tennis it really just boils down to two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You have requested and been given an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/ipin/about-ipin.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IPIN number by the ITF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are playing in an ITF, ATP or WTA event (Futures, Challengers or Tour level event) and you are accepting any prize money you might earn from your participation in the event.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some younger players (teenagers, typically) that are good enough to qualify for pro level events that pay prize money have to make a decision about whether to accept the money or not in order to maintain their &quot;amateur&quot; status in the sport since playing college tennis usually means you cannot have been considered a &quot;pro&quot; before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2014-11-08T00:29:20.217" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T00:29:20.217" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4811" CreationDate="2014-11-08T02:01:46.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Elmer's Rubber Cement is the classic glue for Table Tennis Blades.  But it is no longer legal for tournaments.  If you glued within a week you will likely fail the sniff test for VOCs (solvents).&#xA;Water based glues are what you are supposed to use now.  Tear Mender, YES Paste and Elmer's no Drip School Glue are common choices now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7536" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T02:01:46.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7048" CreationDate="2014-11-08T04:49:37.543" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are certainly better and worse weeks, but it's much more dependent on a team's schedule and injuries than the week number. It's much more valuable to have a bye in the midst of the roughest matchups than a bye before facing the worst team in the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7538" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T04:49:37.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7054" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-08T17:56:10.130" Score="7" ViewCount="18719" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 17. I used to play baseball in my school club but now I wanna change my sport and join a football club to become a goalkeeper. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7541" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-06T09:19:46.830" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T00:52:17.830" Title="Can you become a goalkeeper if you are only 5 ft 5 inches?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7054" CreationDate="2014-11-08T19:10:10.813" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anyone can become a goalkeeper, but if you are talking about going on to play professionally then just take a look at some stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brian Holt is currently the shortest goalkeeper in the MLS, at a height of 5'8&quot; (172cm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shortest goalkeepers in the English Premier League (Michael Vorn/Mike Bunn) are 6'0&quot; (183cm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shortest goalkeeper in the 2014 World Cup was Ivory Coast's Boubacar Barry at 5'11 (180cm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can see that the top leagues/competitions are dominated by taller goalkeepers, and this is simply because the taller they are, the longer reach they have and the better chance they have of keeping shots out. This also commonly applies to central defenders since they have a greater chance of winning headers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shorter player would be best suited in a winger role, like Emanuele Giaccherini (5'6&quot;, 167cm) or Aaron Lennon (5'5&quot;, 165cm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lionel Messi and Sebastian Giovinco play as forwards and are 5'7&quot; (170cm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T00:52:17.830" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T00:52:17.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7056" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-09T00:09:17.943" Score="6" ViewCount="1999" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the Premier League have a concept of 'cycles'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first 'cycle' every team plays the other 19 teams once. In the second 'cycle', the fixture venues are reversed (although the fixture order may differ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-07-22T08:31:56.803" LastActivityDate="2020-07-22T08:31:56.803" Title="Does an English Premier League team play its first 19 fixtures of a season against 19 different clubs?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7056" CreationDate="2014-11-09T00:23:17.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is how the games are scheduled unless games get cancelled due to bad weather , ... and are scheduled to be played later on (which usually doesn't happen). The team that hosted the first game will play in the opponents' venue in the second game. This is the conventional schedule for National European football leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in response to those who downvoted or asked for reference, the following was taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League#Competition_format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a&#xA;season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double&#xA;round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of&#xA;their opponents, for a total of 38 games&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So each 'cycle' mentioned by @Yatizme is a half-season where each team plays the other teams once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T22:18:22.407" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7058" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7061" CreationDate="2014-11-09T09:06:35.587" Score="3" ViewCount="1830" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a football match, if two players, each from a different team, commits fouls simultaneously, how should the free kick/penalty be awarded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be that at a corner kick, one defender A1 pushes one of his opponent B1 in the defender's own penalty area while another opponent B2 pushes A2, a teammate of A1; and the two fouls are simultaneous.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7542" LastEditorUserId="7542" LastEditDate="2014-11-09T09:15:23.113" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T17:24:21.993" Title="Simultaneous Fouls" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7058" CreationDate="2014-11-09T22:58:30.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee would stop play and restart with a dropped ball to be taken from where the ball was located when play was stopped (unless the ball was within the goal area - it would then be brought to the nearest point on the goal area line parallel to the goal line).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 74 of the 2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game (relevant passage in italics):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More than one offence occurring at the same time&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Offences committed by two players from the same team:&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the referee must punish the most serious offence when players commit&#xA;  more than one offence at the same time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play must be restarted according to the most serious offence committed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Offences committed by players from different teams&lt;/em&gt;:&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;the referee must stop play and restart it with a dropped ball from&#xA;  the position of the ball at the time of the stoppage, unless play was&#xA;  stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on&#xA;  the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where&#xA;  the ball was located when play was stopped&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice this rarely happens, as one foul will usually occur before the other, even if it is by fractions of a second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only time I can imagine simulataneous fouls occurring is if two players from opposing teams dive in to win the ball and collect each other instead. Even in this situation, they'd probably have to be facing each other, as a side-to-side collision where both players are using similar amounts of force is unlikely to be seen as a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation you described, most pushing and holding occurs at a corner kick before the ball is put into play. If this is the case, the restart would be a retake of the corner kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T22:58:30.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7063" CreationDate="2014-11-09T22:58:35.427" Score="6" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Kings vs Canucks last night and the commentators kept referring to Jeff Carter's line as the &quot;70's line&quot;. What is the reason behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also how long has it been called that? I never heard anyone call Carter's line that name in any of the past few seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-02-13T08:46:48.343" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T08:46:48.343" Title="LA Kings' &quot;That 70's line&quot;" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7062" CreationDate="2014-11-09T23:54:12.790" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was called the &quot;70's line&quot; because of the jersey numbers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jeff Carter is 77&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Tyler Tiffoli is 73&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Tanner Pearson is 70&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T23:54:12.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1937" CreationDate="2014-11-10T07:16:28.277" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the bonus question, yes, two or more ties used to happen fairly often prior to 1974 because the rules did not allow an overtime to happen at all prior to that. In 1974, the old overtime rules where the first team to score in the 15 minute overtime wins began. During this period tie games were much more infrequent than before. The new overtime rules that began in 2012 appear to have made ties slightly more prevalent than before since the opposing team now has a chance to answer if the team playing offense scores a field goal on the opening overtime drive. This is generally considered to be a fairer system than the old rules by most, but fairness comes at the cost of more ties. One thing to consider though is that tie games did not count for anything in the NFL prior to 1972. Prior to that, if two teams tied, their winning percentage was calculated as if the game never even happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus bonus answer: The 1936 Chicago Bears hold the record for most ties in one season having 6 of them, 3 of them coming in back to back to back consecutive games. The last time any team had two or more ties in one season was the 1973 season when the Browns, Chiefs, Packers, and Broncos all had two a piece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Data on tied NFL games can be found at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFL_tied_games&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFL_tied_games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T07:16:28.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="792" CreationDate="2014-11-10T16:02:01.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't exactly an accurate question.  MLB starting pitchers are generally suspended for 5 games at a minimum, which is intended to mimic being suspended for a start.  While it doesn't exactly mean a start is missed, it does affect the team - you need 5 other starters for those 5 games, likely meaning you are starting someone who wouldn't normally start, or someone from AAA, or you're starting someone on short rest.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is most easily seen in the default suspensions for actions a pitcher would likely take.  In recent years (more recent than the question, following the latest CBA largely) starting pitchers are actually given 6 games commonly, which will often reduce their total start count for the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of things like brawls, starting pitchers get similar levels to position players, except they usually start at 5 games.  That's reasonable, because it's a similar proportion of the season for them (2/32 instead of 10/162, both are effectively 1/16).  Ian Kennedy for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/foxsportswest/posts/10152889917590244&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;received 10 games&lt;/a&gt;, or effectively 2 starts, for his role in starting the Dbacks-Dodgers brawl in 2013; only one other player received even 5 games.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T16:02:01.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7069" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-11T03:23:12.523" Score="11" ViewCount="209824" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am able to shoot in the 8-ball and my last object ball in a single shot and I call the 8 ball in a pocket, do I win? Does the order in which the 2 balls leave the table matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7549" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-11-11T12:04:46.843" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T08:06:52.170" Title="In 8-ball, do I win if I shoot in the 8 ball and my last ball in the same shot?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7028" CreationDate="2014-11-11T04:19:21.857" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When someone is passing the ball to the forward and in that same moment he is the closest player to the goalkeeper. (He is behind the defenders). THat is offside in football.&#xA;I don't want to complicate so this is my short answer.&#xA;Hope you'll understand :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7550" LastActivityDate="2014-11-11T04:19:21.857" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7048" CreationDate="2014-11-11T07:01:06.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many different opinions about this, and there is no consensus. That being said, circumstances are more important than the actual number. In general, there is no particular week number that is any better than any other for all teams. However, bye weeks can range anywhere from being extremely advantageous to somewhat of a set back depending on the particular circumstances of a particular team at that particular time. As you mentioned already, injuries are one factor. However, it does not follow that the later byes are always best for injuries. Many early season injuries are healed up by the time a week 12 bye would roll around. In addition, suspensions and healing from off-season surgeries are more common in the beginning of the season. One thing that teams look at regarding whether a bye week is timely or not is whether they are hot at the time or not. If the team is in the middle of a winning streak, they might feel that the bye week causes them to lose momentum. Similarly, if the team has just come off a really huge disappointing loss, this could also be considered non-advantageous since team morale is low during the practices. Other teams/coaches may disagree, however, reasoning that after a huge loss is a good time to make adjustments. Going back to whether a team is hot or not going into a bye week, teams prefer to be hot towards the end of the season rather than the beginning of the season since being hot at the end more frequently leads to playoff births/victories and championships. That being said, a later bye week could be detrimental to a legitimate playoff contender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, teams do not get to pick when they are hot or not so this does not rule out the late bye week as being the most advantageous for a playoff caliber team. In my opinion, the best time to have a bye week is after a respectable loss or a win that is not part of any considerable streak or when a team is just struggling on offense or defense and could use some extra coaching, practice, and re-evaluation of strategy. Whether or not a team is injury laden when going into a bye week is indeed the number one factor of whether or not their bye will be productive, but the other factors mentioned are also important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more thing to consider might be win-loss percentages. If your team has a winning record early, the bye week may result in the team being higher in the standings if their divisional rivals have tough schedules and later bye weeks. In the end, this will make no difference regarding a playoff birth, but teams at the top of their divisions typically get much more positive attention from the media which often results in better morale for the team and greater sales of team merchandise. This is really a minor issue though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, there are a plethora of factors that affect the productivity of a bye week, and when the bye is most beneficial depends on the particular circumstances that the team is in during the season. Unfortunately, there is no way to plan around this, so each team just has to take their bye whenever it is scheduled. If the bye works out really well, nobody says anything about it. If the bye was not very productive, then the fans and teams often complain that they got screwed by the timing. The truth is, it is all just a toss of the dice anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2014-11-11T07:01:06.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-11T12:39:17.830" Score="5" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;An Olympic diving pool is min 5.03 m deep. A diver from 10 m enters the water in &quot;perfect pencil shape&quot; and maintains this shape in the water without &quot;breaking&quot; the dive.&#xA;Can this diver sustain injury from hitting the bottom of the pool with enough speed? Have such injuries occurred? &#xA;If so, why don't they increase pool min depth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T10:16:50.170" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T10:16:50.170" Title="Can a diver from 10 m. sustain injury hitting the pool bottom?" Tags="|injuries|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1910" CreationDate="2014-11-11T17:25:52.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of football players who have excelled at their respective universities after beginning their careers as walk-ons. Such players include Colt Brennan, who after being thrown out of the University of Colorado joined Hawaii as a walk-on. By the time of his graduation he had thrown for 131 TDs and in excess of 14000 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another great walk-on was JJ Watt at Wisconsin. Though I am unsure if he owns any school records he certainly has proved himself at the NFL level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CBS sports has covered this issue for the BCS era &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/21669854&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/21669854&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7554" LastActivityDate="2014-11-11T17:25:52.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7076" CreationDate="2014-11-12T02:20:15.830" Score="2" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it guaranteed to be the home team or the away team, or is it decided randomly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7522" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-17T23:47:04.983" LastActivityDate="2020-07-17T23:47:04.983" Title="In American football, which team is on offense first?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7075" CreationDate="2014-11-12T02:32:50.163" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Captains from both teams meet with the referee before the game and the visiting team calls the toss. The winner, chooses to either kick the ball/receive the kickoff or an end to defend at the start of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T02:32:50.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5700" CreationDate="2014-11-12T04:03:23.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of now there are very few standardized statistics taken by the ATP or WTA concerning &quot;percentage of sets won by player who served first&quot;. However, Professors Franc Klaassen and  Jan R. Magnus recently completed research on a number of Wimbledon tournaments and inspected several questions including the one concerning the outcomes of sets depending on who serves first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find out more information here:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.janmagnus.nl/misc/wimbledon.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.janmagnus.nl/misc/wimbledon.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you may have to pay to get the complete set of research. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinnaclesports.com/en/betting-articles/sport/live-tennis-betting-strategy&quot;&gt;http://www.pinnaclesports.com/en/betting-articles/sport/live-tennis-betting-strategy&lt;/a&gt; summarizes that only &quot;...48.2% of sets in the men’s singles are won by the player serving first. In the WTA? Just 50.1%&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7555" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T04:03:23.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7078" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-12T04:24:27.363" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have had a passion and love of history and statistics since childhood and it is a goal of mine to work in a research room. How does one do this? It does not seems as though ESPN and other networks advertise such positions. What should I do or who should I contact to make my goal a reality? I am interested in working in research rooms such as those used during the Olympics, Grand Slam tennis tournaments, and the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7555" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T14:24:00.117" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T14:24:00.117" Title="How to Find Work In a Sports Research Room" Tags="|history|statistics|media|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2014-11-12T14:48:25.310" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7080" CreationDate="2014-11-12T05:45:50.303" Score="3" ViewCount="15347" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand there would be no advantage to do so but was just wondering if it's allowed. Also has it ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3588" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T20:02:54.400" Title="Can you make a free throw off the backboard?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7079" CreationDate="2014-11-12T06:28:38.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it's allowed, and yes it happens. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpqTHzvA5DI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's an example&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T20:02:54.400" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T20:02:54.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2014-11-12T12:25:14.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players with more international goals than caps&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Sandor Kocsis, Hungary - 75 goals in 68 games (1.10 ratio)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Gerd Muller, West Germany - 68 in 62 (1.10)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Poul Nielsen, Denmark - 52 in 38 (1.37)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Sven Rydell, Sweden - 49 in 43 (1.14)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Gunnar Nordahl, Sweden - 43 in 33 (1.30)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Ernest Wilimowski, Poland &amp;amp; West Germany - 34 in 30 (1.13)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Just Fontaine, France - 30 in 21 (1.43)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Ferenc Deak, Hungary - 29 in 20 (1.45)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Vivian Woodward, England - 29 in 23 (1.26)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Bep Bakhuys, Netherlands - 28 in 23 (1.22)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Steve Bloomer, England - 28 in 24 (1.17)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Istvan Avar, Romania &amp;amp; Hungary - 27 in 23 (1.17)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Hughie Gallagher, Scotland - 23 in 20 (1.15)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Leonidas da Silva, Brazil - 21 in 19 (1.11)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; Herminio Masantonio, Argentina - 21 in 19 (1.11)   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7556" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T13:47:28.730" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T13:47:28.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7079" CreationDate="2014-11-12T14:39:47.300" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can you make a free throw off the backboard? I understand there would be no advantage to do so but was just wondering if it's allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also has it ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5 - Section I - a&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/.element/mp3/2.0/sect/podcastmp3/NBA/podcast/2013-14-Rule-Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A legal field goal or free throw attempt shall be scored when a ball&#xA;  from the playing area enters the basket from above and remains in or&#xA;  passes through the net&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 4 - Section I - c&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Five sides of the backboard (front, two sides, bottom and top) are&#xA;  considered in play when contacted by the basketball. The back of the backboard and the area directly behind it are out-of-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-12T18:58:50.067" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T18:58:50.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7085" CreationDate="2014-11-12T15:59:50.983" Score="11" ViewCount="36231" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always wondered this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a goalkeeper handball determined by where the ball actually is, or where the goalkeepers body is positioned at the point of contact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7558" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T18:29:41.890" LastActivityDate="2021-02-09T21:56:25.200" Title="What happens if a goalkeeper catches the ball whilst their body/legs are still in the box, but the ball is just out of the box?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7084" CreationDate="2014-11-12T17:25:11.773" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, the ball is the one that determined the position in the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the goalkeeper handles the ball outside of the box, it's considered a foul (handball) by the goalkeeper and a free kick should be granted to the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, all of the body of the goalkeeper could be outside the box, but if the ball and his hands are inside, there is no foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also is taken into account when granting a goal. The whole ball has to pass the goal line, and any player inside the box or even inside the goal line can try to prevent it, no matter where his body is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-05-18T05:06:01.523" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T05:06:01.523" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7069" CreationDate="2014-11-12T21:33:48.703" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball#Winning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, you actually lose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Winning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt; Any of the following results in a game win:&lt;br&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The opposing player illegally pockets the 8 ball (e.g. before clearing all of that player's object balls, &lt;strong&gt;does so on the same shot as the last such object ball&lt;/strong&gt;, or the 8 falls into a pocket other than the one that was designated)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7527" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-11-13T15:05:10.920" LastActivityDate="2014-11-13T15:05:10.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2014-11-13T15:09:08.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem is that they aren't landing on ONLY one foot. They are gathering the ball as they jump off of one foot, landing on that same foot to establish it as the pivot, and then placing their non pivot foot down, which they then jump off of to attack the rim. typically this would be allowed, as the play doesn't become a travel unless the pivot foot returns to the floor before the ball is released for a shot or a pass. The NBA has ruled that going forward it IS a travel to gather, hop off of one foot and then land on that same foot, as it allows the ball handler too much of an advantage in terms of changing direction with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video probably explains it better than I ever could, and has some real time examples that illustrate what it looks like and why it isn't being allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmW76a-vbA0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmW76a-vbA0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7530" LastActivityDate="2014-11-13T15:09:08.973" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7088" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-13T17:03:56.493" Score="3" ViewCount="1117" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of cricket, if one bowler gets two wickets with the last two balls of one over, then in their next over bowl a maiden, and then in their third over take a wicket with the very first ball, does this count as a hat-trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7560" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T16:01:09.100" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T09:18:24.870" Title="Can a hat-trick be separated by a maiden over?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7089" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7110" CreationDate="2014-11-13T18:25:35.347" Score="7" ViewCount="13181" Body="&lt;p&gt;In college football, specifically the NCAA there are many punters that use a &quot;Rugby Style&quot; kick to punt the ball.  Often the punter will run to the side of his kicking foot and then punt the ball.  This takes a little bit of time, and usually between one and all seven players that are on the line of scrimmage will run down field before the ball is kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Isn't this a penalty?  Only eligible receivers are allowed more than 5 yards down the field according to the rule in the NFL.  Is this not a rule in the NCAA?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know you cannot be a lineman and be down the field on a pass play, as in the NFL and NCAA it is a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that if the punter uses a Rugby Style punt, then the roughing the punter rules do not apply because he is not protected by the normal roughing the punter/kicker rules.  Maybe this applies to the ineligible man down field penalty too, but I cannot find anything on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKHb_OO6AFs&quot;&gt;A video of some punts where players are down field at the time of the punt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflpenalties.com/penalty/ineligible-downfield-kick?year=2012&quot;&gt;NFL Ineligible Downfield Kick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dawgsports.com/2011/9/29/2459069/college-football-special-teams-rugby-style-punt-brandon-boykin&quot;&gt;Rugby Punters and Roughing the Punter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-11-13T20:56:47.700" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T16:42:44.133" Title="Ineligible Man Down field on a Punt (NCAA v NFL)" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|collegiate|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7090" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-13T19:44:55.780" Score="5" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;The recent ruling passed by the judge, Hans Joachim-Eckhart chose to ignore the recommendations provided by Michael Garcia (Garcia, an American lawyer, spent two years trying to compile the report), and cleared certain nations of corruption charges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those nations who refused to cooperate (partially or completely) or destroyed/misplaced all evidence were cleared of all wrong doing while nations who cooperated fully were the subject of the criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;numerous materially incomplete and erroneous representations&quot;, &#xA;&quot;the interpretation of the Garcia report is not a fair one, according to Garcia himself, it's pretty ugly for FIFA if the person who did the inquiry says the judge hasn't properly reflected his inquiry &quot;  - Greg Dyke F.A. Chairman &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this kind of behaviour commonplace in other sports that consider themselves a global brand? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;global brand - I would consider American Football, IAAF, FIA, WTF, to name a few - sports where interest far exceeds local boundaries, exposure is global and famous names are revered even for young children in distant countrys (smaller, localised bodies have very different influencing factors and I've no doubt the types of behavior I question do exist, but to Global Brands where image and perception are key I wouldn't think this behaviour was tolerated or acceptable)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;kind of behaviour - performing an investigation on themselves and choosing to ignore findings and recommendations - even choosing to penalise those within the organisation that had the audacity to have suggested an investigation in the first place &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe this to be opinion based, but I understand a persons answer can be prejudiced by there own beliefs. (and that can be said for many questions on this site and its sister ones - not every league has goal line technology).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIA, or whatever name Formula 1's governing body was using at the time, seems to lurch between crisis to crisis whenever the Concorde Agreement gets mentioned, but historically it seems it's problems predominantly arise from external factors/organisations rather than from within themselves (Although I accept it's current problems lie within it). I freely admit I am not an expert on the matter, and my investigating (into F1) only seems to find murky waters that leave me more confused. Perhaps to someone more knowledgeable examples and evidence could be easily presented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have left out nations names involved so as to avoid being deemed a patriotic, jingoistic ranter. I'm more interested to know is this behaviour commonplace in other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this question is well received and meets little scorn, and I hope to have a better understanding as to the condition of the pinnacle of our sports as the first generation of the 21st century approaches adulthood.&#xA;After all its competitors are held on such a high pedestal by so many of us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastActivityDate="2014-11-13T19:44:55.780" Title="Are probes such as the Fifa World Cup corruption probe common place in other sports?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7088" CreationDate="2014-11-13T23:01:49.300" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a hat trick is a wicket with each of three consecutive balls by the bowler&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. They can be split across overs, or even across innings in a two innings match, but it has to be three consecutive balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For avoidance of doubt, there is no definition within the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; (or even any playing conditions in common use that I'm aware of) for exactly what a &quot;hat trick&quot; consists of (see various &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2314/rules-for-hat-trick-while-bowling&quot;&gt;other&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2317/hat-trick-rules-for-different-match-innings&quot;&gt;questions&lt;/a&gt; on this site for examples) - but I don't think you'd find much support anywhere for trying to claim a hat trick of this form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T08:35:41.543" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7093" CreationDate="2014-11-14T00:50:21.240" Score="6" ViewCount="2849" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/en/recap?id=2014020226&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article on NHL.com I noticed that they mentioned several times that Jori Lehtera recorded a natural hat trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume they say natural hat trick to contrast it to another type of hat trick, but I don't know of any other types of hat tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have only ever heard them say natural hat trick when talking about hockey so I assume it is specific to hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other types of hat tricks are there in hockey, and are they that different that a distinction is required?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7562" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T06:40:47.480" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T06:40:47.480" Title="What is meant by a natural hat trick in hockey?" Tags="|terminology|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7092" CreationDate="2014-11-14T01:31:54.447" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A natural hat trick is when the three goals are scored consecutively. That is, nobody else from either team scores in between the goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T01:31:54.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7094" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-14T02:58:52.627" Score="8" ViewCount="856" Body="&lt;p&gt;So in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_ATP_World_Tour_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 ATP Tour finals&lt;/a&gt;, Milos Raonic has &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_ATP_World_Tour_Finals_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;pulled out with an injury&lt;/a&gt; but he is being replaced by David Ferrer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.skysports.com/tennis/news/20876/9562596/atp-world-tour-finals-injury-forces-milos-raonic-out-and-replaced-by-david-ferrer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www1.skysports.com/tennis/news/20876/9562596/atp-world-tour-finals-injury-forces-milos-raonic-out-and-replaced-by-david-ferrer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems rather unprecedented. Tennis (singles) is not really a team sport - it's not like football where one player can get injured in the middle of the game and be replaced by another player. Even in other tennis tournaments, if a player injures himself, he can't just get someone to replace him for the rest of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So aside from wanting to know why he would be replaced, I would like to know what the competition rules are now.  Raonic has already played two matches - Ferrer only has one left in the group stage. Granted Raonic lost both his matches so isn't able to qualify for the semi final anyway, but if he had won these matches, does Ferrer inherit these wins? If he doesn't, what's the point in Ferrer even playing since there is no chance for him to reach the semi finals with playing only one game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T07:08:01.100" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T07:08:01.100" Title="How can Ferrer replace Raonic in the ATP Tour Finals?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7094" CreationDate="2014-11-14T04:57:44.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you might already know, there have been alternates designated for the World Tour Finals for many years now. It's not really a new idea. The main difference between the World Tour Finals and every other event is the round-robin format it is played with versus the single elimination format that every other tournament on the calendar plays under. With a single elimination format it's simple - you withdraw due to injury or retire mid-match, then you lose, and your scheduled opponent moves on to the &quot;next round&quot;. Since you can't do that with the round robin format, you need alternates. Also - alternates serve a purpose for the other players in the draw - since those players advance to the semi-finals based on their combination of matches won, sets won, and games won during group stage play. So they need the opportunity to play all 3 scheduled matches to see how their results can (evenly) compare to the other players in their group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you reference page 40 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/C5A5EE507F9E454481578E39B8F053D2.ashx&quot;&gt;ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, it speaks about how alternates are only eligible to receive points and prize money for their play, but they cannot advance out of the group stage play unless they replace someone before that person plays their first match - in which case they are made a direct entry. Ferrer does not 'inherit' any of Raonic's wins or losses - only his own from the matches he plays in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, just try to imagine all that goes into an event like the World Tour Finals - the scheduling, the ticket sales for each session, the television broadcasting schedule, everyone else involved (tournament staff, ball kids, etc..etc. There's a reason the World Tour Finals have alternate players on stand-by so that even if a player (like Raonic in this case) withdraws from injury - someone else can step in and fill his place and everything (I mentioned above) can continue to run smoothly. Even with it being tennis -it's still a business underneath it all. They don't want to just tell all of the ticket holders &quot;sorry but the guy said he can't play&quot; if they can bring someone else in that's (usually) just as good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T04:57:44.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7069" CreationDate="2014-11-15T19:47:33.360" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically in my experience in tournament play, if you pocket a ball of yours in before you pocket the 8-ball but on the same shot, it is the same as scratching on the 8-ball shot because technically you aren't supposed to hit any other ball before you hit the 8-ball with the cue ball. In this case, you do not lose because scratching on an 8-ball shot is not an automatic loss. The second player receives a chance to position and pocket any remaining balls. If you pocket the 8-ball and then your last ball, this is also a lost game because you pocketed the 8-ball before all of your balls were pocketed. That defines your loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7566" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T01:34:01.203" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T01:34:01.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7028" CreationDate="2014-11-15T23:24:35.117" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, the only time a player is offside is when the player is in front of everyone on the other team excluding the goalie, and then is attempted a pass to the offside player. This would result in a free kick for the defense. If a player just carries the ball past the defense, there is no offsides. What cancels an offsides is when the ball is also past the last defender. Therefore, if there are two offense in front of the whole other team, they can pass to each other and not be offsides. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7566" LastActivityDate="2014-11-15T23:24:35.117" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7100" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-16T11:25:08.390" Score="3" ViewCount="1041" Body="&lt;p&gt;I injured my forearm when I tried to return a fast aggressive serve at about 200km/h with basic forehand grip and backswing: the hit can extremely damaging to your ulnar nerve more &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/16392/fingers-for-intensive-sports-requiring-hands-a-lot-recoving-from-ulnar-claw&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (particularly if you are too slow to react). I realised in my last tournament that I can return such serves easily with basic volley grip: no topspin but the ball reflect without much effort safely on the other side. If you have basic forehand grip, you need to be very quick and it is very very exhaustive to your forearm. Currently, my goal is to learn the safest technique to play against aggressive players. Now simple question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Techniques to return very aggressive serves?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related questions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. How does the volley in serve-returning compares to the basic volley near net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7102/same-footwork-in-the-volley-returning-serve-as-in-the-basic-volley-near-the-net&quot;&gt;Same footwork in the volley-returning serve as in the basic volley near the net?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7101/what-is-the-safest-technique-to-return-very-aggressive-serves&quot;&gt;What is the safest technique to return very aggressive serves?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T18:25:09.007" Title="Techniques to return aggressive tennis serves?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7101" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-16T17:14:05.680" Score="2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the safest technique for returning very aggressive serves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T03:44:42.157" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T03:44:42.157" Title="What is the safest technique to return very aggressive serves?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-16T17:17:02.743" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This question originated from the larger question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7100/techniques-to-return-aggressive-tennis-serves&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; about returning aggressive serves. So&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the footwork in the volley-returning serve the same as in the basic volley near the net?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T01:42:31.150" Title="Same footwork in the volley-returning serve as in the basic volley near the net?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7106" CreationDate="2014-11-16T21:26:07.620" Score="1" ViewCount="1847" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are a couple of reference for the background on the topic&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/apr/13/the-question-why-is-offside-law-genius&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/apr/13/the-question-why-is-offside-law-genius&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;and the book ''Inverting the Pyramid'' Chapter 19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They both talk about the 2005 FIFA amendment to the ofsside rule contributing to stretching the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically they imply the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The amendment means the offside player must touch the ball of block a defender for the referee to call the offside foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This discourages the team from playing high offside line and &quot;stretches the playing area from 35-40m to 55-60m&quot;(from the book) and avoids &quot;goal hanging&quot; &quot;without the side-effect of legitimising the offside trap&quot;(from the link)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't get that second bullet. Yes the foul is not called until the attacker goes and touched the ball, but how is that going to stop the defenders from applying the offside trap? A team would still play a high defensive line and make sure the target of the long pass is offside. All that changes now is that a foul is not called, but the attacker is still out of the play because he was offside. So why would any team be discouraged from using the offside trap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7567" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T19:18:40.533" Title="How Does the 2005 Offside Rule Amendment by FIFA Stretch the Game?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|strategy|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2935" CreationDate="2014-11-16T21:31:57.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, as you know, the Tre Flip consists of using your back foot to scoop and flip while your front foot coordinates the slide off of the board in the right position. So if your back foot isn't kicking horizontally enough, you will not get the full 360 rotation. To get the full rotation, try kicking like you would kick off to push a scooter forward. If you aren't getting enough flip, then the problem could be your front slide foot or the direction of your back foot's kick on the board. You should be kicking slightly downwards and backwards with your back foot. Your foot's position on the back of the board should be almost like grabbing the edge that starts the curve of the board closest to your toe. This should give you more leverage on the down force of your kick and enough friction on the kickback. The front sliding foot should be angled to the outside of the board about 45 degrees and should slide along that plane. This will create the pressure differential on the board that will flip the board without stopping the turn. The video I'm including as a link below is really good for showing the motion of the front and back feet, as well as the position of your feet for the ideal, not so sketchy, Tre Flip.&#xA;Hope this helps.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuOcEBS8Qfk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuOcEBS8Qfk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7566" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T21:31:57.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7103" CreationDate="2014-11-16T23:00:27.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this article is a bit of a stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As correctly mentioned in the article, only players who play/touch the ball, or touch/block the line of sight of an opponent are now punished for being in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This primarily prevents play being stopped because an irrelevant attacker is slow getting back onside, or an attacker on the opposite side is offside nowhere near the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it doesn't stop players using the offside trap. What it does mean though, that all players running through need to be tracked by the defence, instead of the defenders stopping running and lazily throwing the hand up and expecting the irrelevant player to be called for offside. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are no runners coming through, or the pass goes to one of the trapped players, the trap is still very easy and doesn't require the defence to quickly pick up onside players after stepping up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPAZxSY9eU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;, one year after the 2005 change, you can see the Dutch national team still effectively apply an offside trap. All five runners are trapped and two of them end up playing it and an offside offence is called. This would have still worked higher up the field, not just in the penalty area (provided other attackers running through were tracked by the defence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T23:00:27.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4168" CreationDate="2014-11-17T13:30:35.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only thing I could find on the web was &quot;Bicycle Football&quot; something like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfFlcCe6LDA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T13:30:35.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7089" CreationDate="2014-11-17T18:01:29.033" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4309-2013-and-2014-ncaa-football-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA rules&lt;/a&gt;, the only description of the Ineligible Receiver Downfield penalty is below. It can only be called on a forward pass that crosses the line of scrimmage. Since a punt isn't a forward pass, the linemen are able to release as soon as the ball is snapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ineligible Receiver Downfield&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No originally ineligible&#xA;receiver shall be or have been more than three yards beyond the&#xA;neutral zone until a legal forward pass that crosses the neutral zone&#xA;has been thrown (A.R. 7-3-10-I and II). PENALTY—Five yards from the&#xA;previous spot [S37].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/12_2013_Scrimmage_Kick.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rules&lt;/a&gt;, there is a specific provision regarding players on the line during scrimmage kicks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KICKING TEAM PLAYERS ON LINE DURING KICK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 2 During a kick from&#xA;scrimmage, only the end men (eligible receivers) on the line of&#xA;scrimmage at the time of the snap, or an eligible receiver who is&#xA;aligned or in motion behind the line and is more than one yard outside&#xA;the end man, are permitted to advance more than one yard beyond the&#xA;line before the ball is kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For advancing more than one&#xA;yard beyond the line of scrimmage before the ball is kicked: Loss of&#xA;five yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Original answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I don't see it clearly described in the NCAA rulebook, lineman are allowed to release downfield immediately after the snap on a punt where in the NFL they must wait until the kick. The change in rules is indicated by the offense using a Scrimmage Kick Formation, which is defined in the NCAA rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scrimmage Kick Formation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. A scrimmage kick formation is&#xA;a formation with at least one player seven yards or more behind the&#xA;neutral zone, no player in position to receive a hand-to-hand snap&#xA;from between the snapper’s legs, and it is obvious that a kick may be&#xA;attempted (A.R. 9-1-14-I-III).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. If Team A is in a scrimmage kick&#xA;formation at the snap, any action by Team A during the down is deemed&#xA;to be from a scrimmage kick formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T16:42:44.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7111" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7112" CreationDate="2014-11-17T22:17:41.760" Score="8" ViewCount="3634" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's impossible for all the teams in a division to have losing records in their divisional games--every time someone loses a game, someone else in the division wins it. But the home team could win every game, and everyone would be 3-3 in divisional play. But as far as I can tell there's no reason why the teams in this unhappy division couldn't lose all ten of their other games. Is this true--is it mathematically possible for a three win team to go to the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, this question is motivated by the fact that there's serious talk of a six win team representing the NFC South.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-07-17T23:39:26.940" LastActivityDate="2020-07-17T23:39:26.940" Title="Can a team in the NFL make the playoffs with only three wins?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|ranking|postseason|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7111" CreationDate="2014-11-17T23:44:36.447" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically yes. One of those 3-3 teams will win the division by tie-breaker and, strangely enough, get a home game as the #4 seed against the top wild card team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T23:44:36.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7111" CreationDate="2014-11-18T01:41:15.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. The Division champion will make it to the playoffs no matter what the team's record is and will host a wildcard team (which will have a better record!). That being said, it sounds extremely unlikely to have a team holding the best record in a division with only 3 wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T01:41:15.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7114" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-18T03:13:35.853" Score="4" ViewCount="9816" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which player had the longest professional career, in terms of years? For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sachin Tendulkar&lt;/a&gt; played cricket professionally for 24 years. Are there any players (across all professional sports) which have had longer careers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7574" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T14:25:00.950" LastActivityDate="2023-12-18T21:44:37.290" Title="Which player had the longest professional career?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7117" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-18T09:57:48.957" Score="2" ViewCount="509" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Toews&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jonathan Toews&lt;/a&gt; managed to win both the junior and senior world championships in 2007. Are there some other players which managed to win both these championships in the same year? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there more of them if we add those, who won golden medals in different years? (For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Larionov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Igor Larionov&lt;/a&gt; won WJC in 1979 and 1980 and senior championships in 1982, 1983, 1986 and 1989. Other examples of players winning both junior and senior championships include &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Bergeron&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Patrice Bergeron&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Niedermayer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Scott Niedermayer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alexander Ovechkin&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-22T12:25:16.430" LastActivityDate="2022-07-14T05:50:57.333" Title="Which players won both junior and senior IIHF World Championships?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|iihf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7111" CreationDate="2014-11-18T10:35:00.980" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose in theory a team could get to the playoffs without winning a regular season game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If all divisional games finish as ties, and all teams lose every other game, they'll all end up with 0-10-6 records. Whoever comes on top after the tiebreakers will win the division and get the #4 seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice having 12 ties for the divisional games is highly unlikely of course, so is each team losing their other 10 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7579" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T10:35:00.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7011" CreationDate="2014-11-18T14:05:02.000" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;strong&gt;more international competitions for female national teams&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;For example the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarve_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Algarve-Cup&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Nations_Tournament_%28women%27s_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4-nations-tournament&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cyprus Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most male national teams just playing the World Cup, the continental Cup, the Confed-Cup and the qualifications for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Often less games in league:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible to play these additional tournaments, because their schedules are less close than the male ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example the german league (one of the best female leagues) only contains 12 teams (18 in the male league) and they play each team two times (22 matches, 34 for males). So the females have 12 games less in league.&#xA;Also in Norway: 12 female teams, 16 male teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition there is &lt;strong&gt;no U21 team for females&lt;/strong&gt;. In german amateur division the eldest class is A (U19/U18). There's no A (U19/U18) for females, &lt;strong&gt;they play in the adults team after B (U17/U16)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An additional factor might be that there are much more &quot;new&quot; teams in male competitions, than in the female competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(A reason why player of &quot;lesser&quot; teams have more games could be, that in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_competitions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;lesser&quot; continental associations are more competitions&lt;/a&gt; (eaven for males) and players of &quot;big&quot; clubs wont participate at nonrelevant competitions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="4927" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T13:14:46.680" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T13:14:46.680" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4265" CreationDate="2014-11-18T14:16:49.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;for the C-license (lowest license):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;„Trainer C – Leistungsfußball“/„Trainer B“ /&quot;1. Lizenzstufe&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;120 Learning units plus 20 units testing,&#xA;(including 80 learning units based knowledge, 40 learning units profiling)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 unit = 45min&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dfb.de/sportliche-strukturen/trainerausbildung/c-trainer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;DFB C-Trainer ALLGEMEINE VORAUSSETZUNGEN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T14:16:49.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4958" CreationDate="2014-11-18T14:35:22.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The depends on the host club!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The host club will decide as owners, whether fans are allowed to take the balls. &#xA;At most clubs, the balls are thrown back to the security guards by the fans automatically. If one is not returned voluntarily, the guards get him. It is uncommon in football to take balls home with you. Finally they cost about 100 euros.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.suedkurier.de/galerie/bildergalerien/Sport-Wo-darf-der-Zuschauer-den-Ball-behalten;cme1200156,7588787&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T14:35:22.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5762" CreationDate="2014-11-18T15:34:24.240" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the wiki is talking about the heel brake. &lt;em&gt;The first thing I would advice is remove the heel brake(s).&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Learn to brake without.&#xA;Reason being: It can get stuck behind things. If you plan to learn any other discipline like aggressive rollerblading, you really don't want to try dropping in a ramp with that heel break still on your skates. Learn to brake 'properly' from the start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I made the error skating a long time still with these attached. The moment I removed them, I almost had an accident because I wasn't used to it. I panicked and I wanted to slow down but I forgot I removed it some hours before I went blading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brakes ordered by times that I actually use them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. T-Stop&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One foot behind the other in a 'T' like position. Pros: Easy. Usable at every speed. High controlability. Safe! Cons: Your wheels won't last long if you brake frequently. Don't forget to switch them up from time to time that both sides wear down at the same rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You were talking about going sideways when attempting this stop. Bend your knees (always..in every circumstance). Put your hands in front of you. Imagine that you are holding a joy stick. If go sideways to the right, move the 'joystick' / your hands to the left and the other way around.&#xA;Also, if you are still having trouble, learn to skate on one foot as long as possible first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Turn Stop&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I struggled long to get this one right, it's practically putting one foot in the opposite direction of your other foot and making a u turn, which will slow you down pretty hard. Really hard to explain in words, this is the best video I could find: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vOjsOqqsEs&quot;&gt;Turn Stop&lt;/a&gt; Pros: Doesn't wear your wheels down. Good for braking at slow speed. It's fun. It's also a nice way to turn at slow speed. Cons: Don't try this at high speed. Hard to learn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Power Slide&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is actually a reverse T Stop. There are two ways, you can do a 180° (jump and land facing backwards) or turn smoothly into a power slide. Tips: Get really low. Practice first while you're not rolling. Just jump into the right position and get that foot really low that you are practically braking on the side of your skate. After a while you can try practicing this when going really slowly. Video: (just look up Power slide on youtube, I can't post more than two links because I have no rep.) Pros: Really good way to stop really fast. Fun. Looks bad-ass. Good at high speed. Cons: Don't try this at too low speed. Hard. Wears both your skates and your wheels down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Cess Slide&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a trick but also a good way to stop. It's similar to the powerslide but it has a ton of variations. (a lot of grinds in aggressive rollerblading could be, in theory, a cess slide) It's actually grinding, but on the ground or surface which is not a rail or a ledge. Example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNaDa5i_Gn0&quot;&gt;Cess Slide&lt;/a&gt; Pros: Impressive. A lot of fun on slippery surfaces (or when it's wet!). High speed. Good way to stop quickly. Cons: Don't try this at too low speed. Hard. Wears both your skates and your wheels down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Plough Stop&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opening your legs, going really wide, and then when going back to normal position, push your force outwards but let your feet go like this /. It will make you slow down quite a bit. The wider you go, the more you'll slow down. Also when going downhill for example, holding your legs really wide will make you go slower. That' just plain aerodynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: I do Aggressive Rollerblading for two years now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7583" LastEditorUserId="7583" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T15:40:50.610" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T15:40:50.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7124" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-18T17:27:48.770" Score="4" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aggression spread aggression. It is easy just to follow the other player and bang harder back. You need to outsmart the other player somehow particularly if you are about the same level or you feel you may not last long enough in the tempo. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What kind of strategies have you used to outsmart an aggressive tennis player?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2014-12-07T13:56:00.300" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T16:32:56.087" Title="Which strategies to use against aggressive tennis players?" Tags="|tennis|strategy|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7124" CreationDate="2014-11-18T17:27:48.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I list some basic strategies below, you can mix them to your needs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let him/her run out of energy? Continue deep baseline shots without risks (not letting him/her to net)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hard to come to net unless a mistake or a change in tempo (hit a slow shot to get some extra time to come to net)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Surprise: do not make your intentions apparent, fool the other by acting to do something while you do something else. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brute-force: you make the other to fear you. When he/she rises to the net, you bang as hard as possible (to the torso or side signalling do not come close to me) -- this can make the other totally paralyzed if she/he realizes aggression does not work against you. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exploiting wide wingspan/arm span/reach&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit against the torso with powerful topspin shots so the player does not get benefits due to his/her size: the player needs to hit further away stumbling more easily. When you play corners, make sure about timing -- you don't want the player to get maximum power due to the long lever (arm). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serves&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7101/what-is-the-safest-technique-to-return-very-aggressive-serves&quot;&gt;What is the safest technique to return very aggressive serves?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7100/techniques-to-return-aggressive-tennis-serves&quot;&gt;Techniques to return aggressive tennis serves?&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-12-04T21:57:45.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-18T17:44:45.927" Score="1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Toronto Blue Jays took away catcher Russell Martin in free agency from the Pittsburgh Pirates after the Pirates made Martin a &quot;qualifying offer&quot;  As a result, the Blue Jays lose a first-round draft pick, and the Pirates get a compensating pick in the &quot;sandwich&quot; round between the first and second rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that teams are now allowed to use so-called &quot;compensating balance&quot; picks in trades. I was wondering if the Pirates could also &quot;trade back&quot; the draft pick they get from the Blue Jays using one of two mechanisms. (Say the Pirates trade the draft pick and a prospect for a player.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mechanism 1 works only if the Pirates have to file for the compensating pick. Then the Pirates could say to the Blue Jays, we'll give you prospect X for player Y, and in addition, we'll let the deadline pass for filing for the compensation pick, meaning that you get to keep yours. (This mechanism doesn't work if the Blues Jays lose, and the Pirates gain, the draft pick &quot;automatically.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mechanism 2 is a player to be named later PBNL. That is, the Pirates trade the prospect and a PBNL to the Blue Jays for the player. On draft day, 2015, when the Pirates are about to make their compensating pick, the Blue Jays tell them who to pick, and the Pirates hand him over as the PBNL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a draft pick be &quot;traded&quot; using either or both of those two mechanisms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T00:12:31.657" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T00:12:31.657" Title="Is it possible for baseball teams to use draft picks in trades?" Tags="|baseball|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7126" CreationDate="2014-11-18T23:43:40.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is some confusion here between &quot;compensation&quot; and &quot;competitive balance&quot; picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compensation picks are awarded to teams that lost a free agent that they extended a &quot;qualifying offer&quot; to. The &quot;qualifying offer&quot; is calculated annually. For the 2014-15 offseason, it is $15.3 million. The compensation picks occur at the end of the first round. The signing team forfeits its first pick (unless within the first 10 picks of the draft).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that under the old rules, the departed team received the forfeited pick as well, but this changed starting with the 2013 draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Competitive balance picks consist of upto 6 picks each between the first and second rounds of the draft. The competitive balance picks are awarded via lottery. The lottery consists of the ten lowest revenue teams and the ten smallest market teams. Teams that fall into both categories may be selected for two picks (see Miami in 2013).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Competitive balance picks (and the money allocated for those picks) are the only draft picks that can be traded under the current MLB rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB trade rules state that players cannot be traded in the same year that they are drafted. Often a trade will include a PTBNL with the understanding between the teams that the player was a recent draftee who can only be officially traded once that window is over. I am unaware of any case where a team has actually drafted a player with the intention of trading him to a specific team. It may have happened but was not announced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T23:43:40.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7130" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-19T00:58:29.270" Score="3" ViewCount="1332" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the bat slips from the batsman's hands, and the ball touches the bat, and is then caught by a fielder, should the batsman be given out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7588" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T10:21:24.973" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T16:55:25.997" Title="Can you be caught out if the bat slips from your hands?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7132" CreationDate="2014-11-19T02:26:53.780" Score="9" ViewCount="65078" Body="&lt;p&gt;NHL announcers constantly mention it, and I've seen some news articles online referring to players who used to be / are a healthy scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is a healthy scratch?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't find anything on Google's first two pages on a search, but if I had to guess I think it has to do with injured players who are healthy now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7589" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T00:05:46.627" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T00:05:46.627" Title="What is a healthy scratch?" Tags="|terminology|ice-hockey|nhl|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7131" CreationDate="2014-11-19T02:49:10.333" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good try, but that's not what it means. It means that the player is healthy and eligible to play, but the coach has decided not to use him. Players usually become a healthy scratch after poor performances or as a wake-up call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T02:49:10.333" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7130" CreationDate="2014-11-19T09:00:33.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - the batsman can only be out if he hits the ball with the bat, or a hand holding the bat, whilst in the commission of a stroke. If he is not holding the bat, and the ball strikes the bat, it's not out. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20141217202249/http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 6.8 &amp;quot;The bat&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the circumstances, it could be obstructing the field, for instance if he throws the bat at the ball to prevent it striking the stumps for a runout. This would need to be a deliberate act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. After the Laws were renumbered in 2017, this is now &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.6&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-08-27T16:55:25.997" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T16:55:25.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7114" CreationDate="2014-11-19T16:20:20.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wilfred Rhodes played test cricket for nearly 31 years. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/19376.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/19376.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7592" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T16:20:20.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7019" CreationDate="2014-11-19T17:22:33.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with 99.9% of Joe's answer but I would add rebuilding is not a universally defined term.  Losing or inability to sustain success can create a need to &quot;rebuild&quot;.  Expensive free agents are avoided like Joe pointed out, but it also promotes the opportunity to let their own free agents leave for other teams.  Sometimes its poor overall performance for the amount a player is  compensated. Other times overall performance hasn't diminished, but a players age, compensation, and the maturation of a cheaper, younger, productive player on roster is ready to make a contribution to the team.  Using the term &quot;rebuilding&quot; might revolve around coaching changes where a winning coach (think University of Cincinnati head coach Brian Kelly leaves a winning team to take the Notre Dame head coach vacancy).  A new coach with a new staff may have a different approach with a different system that relies on different type of athlete and UC will &quot;rebuild&quot; until they have transitioned from the previous regime to their new installed system.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rebuild or any soft synonym of the word, i.e retool or reload, equates to a team asking fans to temporarily lowers their expectations during the transition. The team hopes the moves made to &quot;rebuild&quot; will be the right moves to exceed the fans expectation during the rebuild.  If the team doesn't exceed expectations, the fans  hopefully won't be caught off guard.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7591" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T17:22:33.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7114" CreationDate="2014-11-19T20:32:19.880" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a significant number of athletes who have professional careers longer than 24 years. Going for the longest by sport:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basketball: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Carter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vince Carter&lt;/a&gt;, 22 years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;American Football: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Blanda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;George Blanda&lt;/a&gt;, 26 years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baseball: The MLB record is 27 years by both &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Anson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cap Anson&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolan_Ryan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nolan Ryan&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Franco&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Julio Franco&lt;/a&gt; played for 29 years, 23 in MLB and 6 in non-US leagues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ice hockey: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gordie Howe&lt;/a&gt;, 33 years, including 1972 when Howe didn't play. If Howe's one shift for the Detroit Vipers in 1997 is included, then his career spans 50 years.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cricket: The longest first-class career was possibly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/13424.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WG Grace&lt;/a&gt;, 43 years from 1865-1908. The longest Test career was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/19376.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wilfred Rhodes&lt;/a&gt; just over 30 years, from 1 Jun 1899 to 12 Apr 1930.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Golf: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gary Player&lt;/a&gt;, 56 years. Player turned professional in 1953 and competed in his last professional tournament in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsvlts.com/2013/07/22/longest-sports-careers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Roosevelts Longest Sports Careers&lt;/a&gt;, linked Wikipedia and Cricinfo articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-18T21:44:37.290" LastActivityDate="2023-12-18T21:44:37.290" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2014-11-19T20:32:19.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7089" CreationDate="2014-11-19T21:07:59.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only eligible receivers are allowed more than 5 yards down the field&#xA;  according to the rule in the NFL. Is this not a rule in the NCAA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a rule in the NCAA, &lt;em&gt;today&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A relevant &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1967/1/20/ncaa-to-encourage-kicking-game-liberalizes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule change in 1967&lt;/a&gt; encouraged the kicking game and promoted punt returns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article's summary of the rule stated: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The new rule requires interior linemen of the kicking team to remain&#xA;  behind the line of scrimmage until the ball is kicked. This will give&#xA;  the player receiving the ball an additional few seconds to run it&#xA;  back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NOTE: The NFL would adopt this rule in 1974&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_college_football_season#Rule_Changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Through this year most teams have been using a nine man line when&#xA;  punting. They have placed their kicker 15 yards behind the line, and&#xA;  delayed the kick until the linemen are downfield within covering&#xA;  distance of the receiver. Punt returns are nearly impossible in this&#xA;  situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This rule was repealed in 1968&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_college_football_season#Rule_Changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; as coaches expressed safety concerns and favor over the old rule&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1968/01/18/page/111/article/college-punt-rule-killed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As an aside:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;College teams favor the shield punt (the formation used in your first reference) for coverage&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/shield-punt.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, over the traditional spread punt that is common in the NFL due to the downfield rule &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/7110&quot;&gt;already mentioned&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://smartfootball.com/uncategorized/spread-punt-protection-theory-and-practice#sthash.mkGYVuj5.dpbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blog entry&lt;/a&gt;, by a former NCAA-D3 college coach, about spread punt protection states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...many college teams have transitioned to a Shield Punt – as&#xA;  there are no limits as to who can be downfield before the ball is&#xA;  kicked).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T21:57:32.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7010" CreationDate="2014-11-19T23:47:05.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At times it may appear that an offensive player in motion is treated the same in both leagues, but the rules are drastically different in both leagues.  In the CFL any eligible receiver not on the line of scrimmage can be moving towards the line of scrimmage at the the snap of the ball.  RB, FB, &amp;amp; WR can all be moving at the same time.  Additionally in the CFL eligible receivers on the line of scrimmage before the snap of the ball can only move along the line of scrimmage, perpendicular to the sideline and the ball.  In the NFL only one player can be in motion at a time and he is a player not on the line of scrimmage.  Players off the line of scrimmage can go in motion sequentially with a one second pause between motions. There are times when it appears that more than one eligible player is moving, but this considered a shift.  The players break the huddle and line up in a formation.  Any combination of eligible receivers can move to another position on the field and have to come to rest in that position for a one second before the ball can be snapped otherwise it is a penalty for illegal motion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7591" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T23:47:05.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4024" CreationDate="2014-11-20T01:15:22.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure where anyone got the information that higher/lower tension changes the size of a sweet spot. It's the racquet head size and the number of strings. (Definition of a sweet spot is the most efficient power generated with the least amount of vibration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I found an interesting article published by a Dr. at the University of Sheffield (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisindustrymag.com/articles/2005/01/does_higher_string_tension_giv.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tennisindustrymag.com/articles/2005/01/does_higher_string_tension_giv.html&lt;/a&gt;) which shows the &lt;strong&gt;correlation between low tension - 40lbs and high tension - 70lbs and their effects on spin.&lt;/strong&gt; (Seeing as we know that more power will be generated with lower tension)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't want to read - it summarises that with higher tension you are more likely to execute a shot correctly as the ball does not travel along the stringbed as much as it would at a lower tension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conclusion: &quot;Changing racquet tension does not affect spin, but it does affect string movement, dwell time, and ball contact distance. These latter parameters all can affect the ball trajectory as well as the player’s feel of the impact.&#xA;The main advice is that high string tensions make your shot more consistent and make it easier to hit topspin shots.&quot; - Dr. Simon Goodwill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7595" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T01:15:22.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-20T03:45:49.273" Score="3" ViewCount="1227" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is going to school on basketball scholarship and declares the NBA draft and does not get a contract can he still use the scholarship to finish school?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7596" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T14:20:38.677" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T17:13:24.330" Title="College basketball player, declares for the NBA draft, does not get a contract" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7143" CreationDate="2014-11-20T06:20:53.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.  You can declare but are not allowed hire an agent, take money for flights/visits, hire any kind of handlers and so on.  Basically you have to pay your own way and be your own everything.  Once you hire someone you are ineligible to play for the NCAA (men's basketball).  These rules slightly change from year to year but this sums it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T06:20:53.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7089" CreationDate="2014-11-20T06:44:34.443" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing as an ineligible receiver on a punt formation in both the NCAA and NFHS.  The NFL adopted the rule to limit injuries on punts.  This might be hard to find since they usually don't write comments for things that don't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T06:44:34.443" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7146" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-20T08:07:09.457" Score="3" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember someone asking me about this. Is there any first-class cricketer who played before WW1 and after WW2 ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T14:21:09.837" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T13:25:36.870" Title="First-class cricketer who played before WW 1 and after WW2" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7146" CreationDate="2014-11-20T08:58:41.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, CK Nayudu played first-class cricket in India for an amazing 47 years, starting in 1916 (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.thecricketer.com/?p=20215&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://blog.thecricketer.com/?p=20215&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, I can't find anyone on Cricinfo who would have played in the span you're talking about (last match summer of 1914, next match summer of 1946). A lot of players played to the start of WW2, but first-class cricket was then suspended for the duration of the war.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T08:58:41.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7143" CreationDate="2014-11-20T16:31:02.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketball is one of two sports where you may initially declare/be eligible for the draft but return to college (The other being baseball, which &lt;a href=&quot;http://crmsportsmanagement.com/mlbdraftq.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;does not require players to declare&lt;/a&gt; and therefore players have not taken any action to reduce their eligibility even if drafted - hence, players are frequently drafted two or three times during their amateur career).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA explicitly exempts basketball in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/remaining-eligible-professional-draft-inquiries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this note:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Basketball student-athletes may enter a professional league’s draft once during their college career without jeopardizing their eligibility as long as they are not drafted by a professional team and as long as they declare their intention to resume playing for their college team before the first day of the spring signing period, typically in April.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The significance of the timing here is that players must withdraw from draft eligibility &lt;em&gt;prior to the draft&lt;/em&gt;, which takes place in June.  A player who remains on the draft eligible list but is not drafted may &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; return to NCAA competition; often these players will leave and go overseas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a relatively new rule (2011); prior (2009) it was in mid-may.  It is largely &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/campus-corner/article345124/NCAA-rule-regarding-draft-cuts-evaluation-time-for-players.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;to allow coaches to better plan scholarships&lt;/a&gt;, since the spring signing period is when they go recruiting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also may not have retained an agent, although this may change in the future; one of the major problems with the NBA draft is players feeling they are ready and then not being drafted because they get bad advice.  Agents would have an incentive to encourage entering the draft, so allowing agent contact would be fairly complex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T16:31:02.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7153" CreationDate="2014-11-20T19:46:37.723" Score="11" ViewCount="6660" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for three NFL teams in different divisions in the same conference to all go 16-0 during the regular season?  I'm not sure if this is possible with all the scheduling rules that they have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is possible, then one of those 3 teams would lose the tie-breaker and have to play a wild card game.  So they would have to play 4 playoff games to win the Super Bowl, and they would be 20-0 if they won the Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T20:20:29.130" LastActivityDate="2021-03-11T19:13:22.687" Title="Is it possible for an NFL team to go 20-0?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|ranking|schedule|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7151" CreationDate="2014-11-20T20:02:06.533" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;NO, 3 teams can't go 16-0 in a conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each division in a conference plays all of the teams in their own division twice, another division in their conference, and the other two teams that finished in the same spot as them the prior year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that at maximum the &lt;em&gt;highest&lt;/em&gt; number of teams that can go 16-0 in a conference is 2. Say you have four teams that win all of their games except games head to head against another team in the group. Each is a team from the East, West, North and South, they manage some good luck and none of them play each other as their same position game. Say for this year the East plays the West and the North plays the South. Only two of the teams in this group will be 16-0 at years end as there will be 2 head to head games among the 4 teams that only lose to teams in the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T20:25:12.757" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T20:25:12.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7151" CreationDate="2014-11-20T20:04:18.227" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not.  This is because of the regular reason scheduling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each team plays 16 games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;6 games are in their own division (3 teams, each twice).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 games are against a division in the other conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 games are against a division in their own conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2 remaining games are against the other 2 divisions in their conference based on final standings from the year before.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 4 divisions in each conference. So when the inter-conference divisions play each other, &lt;strong&gt;there can be a maximum of 2 undefeated teams in a conference.&lt;/strong&gt;  This also (obviously) means they didn't play each other in the 2 remaining games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an add on, there could be a total of 4 undefeated regular season teams in one year.  2 in each conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T20:27:03.607" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T20:27:03.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7155" CreationDate="2014-11-20T21:38:32.753" Score="7" ViewCount="6867" Body="&lt;p&gt;What exactly constitutes an attack hit in volleyball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if I set the ball to someone else for an attack hit, and the set goes too far and it is blocked by someone on the opposing team with their hands over my side of the net, is that legal? Would my hit have been counted an attack hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7533" LastEditorDisplayName="user7533" LastEditDate="2016-02-10T02:10:23.527" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T18:00:10.830" Title="What is an attack hit in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|terminology|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7154" CreationDate="2014-11-20T22:24:07.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is specifically defined in section 13 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.1.1 All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the &#xA;  exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your set directed the ball towards the opponent, therefore it is an attack hit and therefore it can be blocked. You may also wish to refer to 14.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.3 In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the &#xA;  net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s &#xA;  play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an &#xA;  opponent has executed an attack hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T22:24:07.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4492" CreationDate="2014-11-20T22:42:22.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mormegil's answer was completely correct at the time it was posted; however, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=50229&amp;amp;Language=en#.VG5tF_msWSr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Congress of November 2014&lt;/a&gt; amended the rule such that any contact with the net is a fault (which is actually a reversion to the earlier rules).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule is likely to be applied to any competitions starting in 2015, although I believe national federations have a small amount of leeway in this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T22:42:22.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7165" CreationDate="2014-11-20T23:35:33.797" Score="5" ViewCount="2466" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two NCAA basketball teams from the same conference could play each other 5 times in one season.  This would happen if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They played each other in an early season tournament.  (You can see this year's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atlantisbahamas.com/events/battle-4-atlantis?SPID=686&amp;amp;DB_OEM_ID=30500&quot;&gt;Battle 4 Atlantis tournament&lt;/a&gt; includes Butler and Georgetown - both from the Big East conference.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They played each other twice as part of the conference's regular season schedule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They played each other in the conference tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They played each other in a postseason tournament like the NCAA Tournament, NIT, CBI, or CIT.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened?  Have two college basketball teams ever played each other 5 times in one season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T17:39:50.803" Title="Have 2 NCAA basketball teams ever played each other 5 times in a season?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1881" CreationDate="2014-11-21T01:40:42.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened fairly often, actually; Sports-Reference.com lists &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/conferences/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;twenty-one defunct conferences&lt;/a&gt; versus thirty-three active conferences.  I don't know much about the specific histories of the conferences, unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent dissolved conference is the Great West Conference, dissolved after the 2013 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T01:40:42.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7130" CreationDate="2014-11-21T04:21:19.253" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball hits the bat or the hand holding the bat and is then caught by the opposition within the field of play before the ball bounces, then the batsman is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7602" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T04:21:19.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2014-11-21T07:57:27.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not an expert, so can only offer a theory here, but contrary to the other answers, which talk mainly about the physical toll (which is valid, but not necessarily in comparison to other sports with equal physical tolls), I would argue it's purely business. The NFL is very good at what they do as a business. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/08/14/the-most-valuable-nfl-teams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;They are ranked as the #1 most lucrative sports league on the planet.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, one could say the reason the season is shorter compared to other sports is because it's already long enough to keep the league ranked #1 in valuation. The supply apparently meets demand just right the way it is. Why fix something that ain't broken? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T07:57:27.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7114" CreationDate="2014-11-21T08:12:23.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The challenge is defining 'sport'. The more physical the sport, the more likely for it to be considered a sport, but the longer careers would naturally be in the sports that require less stamina and strength. These also tend to be where some would &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; call them a sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bowling: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Weber&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pete Weber, 35 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;poker: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyle_Brunson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Doyle Brunson, over 50 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;snooker: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Davis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Steve Davis, 46 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;auto racing: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-6000/longest-career-as-a-motor-racing-driver/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Larentiu Moldovan, 1 day shy of 40 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;darts: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/7000/longest-career-as-an-international-darts-player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Billy O'Brien, 34 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't say I follow any of those particular sports too intently. I can't say if those are the longest careers in each one, just that they appear to be notable player with notably long runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastEditorUserId="7605" LastEditDate="2014-11-21T08:32:11.190" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T08:32:11.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5762" CreationDate="2014-11-21T08:25:06.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Find some grass.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously this isn't all that useful in a skate park or on a hockey rink, but if you are primarily street/sidewalk skating, one of the safest options is to find a surface that will&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;slow you down&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;not give you road rash if you have to bail. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When skating fast on sidewalks, you need to account for pedestrians, pets, obstacles and the issues that your surface is quite narrow meaning you're going to have to depend much more on stopping and controlling your speed as you just don't have the space to turn and maneuver. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At slow-to-moderate speeds you can typically roll off the pavement right into the grass and glide to a fairly quick stop. When doing so, put one foot out in front of you to counter-act the quick change in surface speed (your body will be thrown a bit forward as your feet suddenly become slower). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At high speed, do the same, but be prepared to do a bit of running to slow your momentum down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worst case, where you're simply going way too fast, be prepared to tuck and roll. Tucking and rolling on grass always beats doing the same on concrete or running into someone or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T18:59:52.517" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T18:59:52.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1116" CreationDate="2014-11-21T17:39:13.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football could be played every 2-3 days.  Even at the pro level.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I played football for 15 years.  This was back when we hit like men every practice.  We loved game days because they were far easier than any practice we have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice days were brutal.  Physical, triple the running I see at current practices, constant sprinting or hitting.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And please don't talk to me about concussions.  I watch my son's practices (big midwest high school) and they are glorified 7on7 drills with a couple sprints at the end.  The coaches might tell them to get low and tell them how to tackle/hit right but that doesn't work.  What works is physically teaching your body how to do these things as second nature through repetition.  I was very very lucky to play for coaches who had us do 50 updowns if we tackled with our head down or above someone's stomach (favorite coach had a great line - &quot;when you tackle you put your facemask in his nuts&quot;.  Then he would take some poor freshman and put his facemask in a lineman's nuts for a 3 minute demonstration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do current players do when they are about to tackle or get tackled... drop their upper body down and lead with their head.  Their hips are tight and they simply can't lower right.  So that causes a safety issue for both hitter and hittee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So back to the question.  Empirically ALMOST ALL big football teams (high school, college, most pros) from the 60s to mid 00s hit 5-6 days a week.  Most college players will tell you that practices were worse than games.  So physicality has nothing to do with it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also most states playoff systems for high school were once set to run games every 3-4 days after the last game - this happened for 40 years+ in most states.  This is when the school year started later and they had to get the last game in before Thanksgiving (and academics came before football games).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So lets just list some pros and cons of a 3 day football schedule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pros&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More fun for players.  Almost all players would love 2-3 games a week.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More of a team competition.  Given normal fatigue, wear, bruising, bumps, coaches will have to use their full roster.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Given the example above, marginal players will get a greater chance to play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams with greater fundamentals will prosper.  (since there will be less time for game planning)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Neutral&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The squads abilities will vary greater.  What happened when I was really sore from the practice the day before?  I had a worse practice the next day.  So your roster will have people not up to their optimal abilities and others that are OK.  So you lose the ability to show your best vs. the other team's best.  This is both a pro and a con really.  On one side you see what team has the deepest/best roster vs. a handful of great players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Injuries would stay the same given teams fully hit at practice.  Go to a rugby practice and talk about having a non-contact practice and people will laugh at you.  Basically the football system has been sissified because coaches aren't trusted with making sure correct form and protocol is used.  There is no empirical evidence that shows any difference in injury rates at a full contact practice vs game.  Also injury rates have risen in the past few years while contact practices have greatly declined.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cons&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coaches have less time to strategize.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players might have to travel more, therefore losing academic time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is a cost associated with every game.  Most schools (even high schools) make a lot of money every football game even paying for travel and other things.  Some schools might not make the same per game profits if there were more game.   This is highly suggestive given the formats of schedules.  People know that high school is generally Friday nights, colleges on Saturday, NFL on Sundays.  If they played at different times, there would need to be far more advertising to get the same crowd.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So a list of reasons why it won't change:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NFL lead.  The NFL player association basically banished hitting during the year.  The league agreed because of the concussion issues surrounding the league.  The players did it because they are lazy.  Any group of workers will opt for the easiest amount of work.  [Many NFL teams lineman &quot;hit&quot; at practice to retain their abilities, but they have to decide to do this without coach's guidance]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To further the topic above there would have to be a great deal of education given to the public about why there are injuries in football, how to reduce them, and coaching practices.  Right now more football games equals more concussions to the public.  Any level of football would be heavily scrutinized by average joe fan.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tradition.  Once something starts it is hard to swing it the other way.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Money.  This has to do with NFL and college but high school takes their lead.  But once a week is perfect for both.  There is a build up, there is travel time, people spend tons of money because hey its once a week.  The NFL wants to expand to 18-20 games (their stats people found that would be the optimal revenue stream) but the players have pushed back.  But the NFL has never suggested that games be played more than once a week.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colleges and high schools could only get away with doing this if they simply shortened the season (maybe could add 2-3 games) and this doesn't make sense profit wise.  No way the public doesn't throw either under the bus for taking kids out of classes far more (even though the girls field hockey team may have 40 games). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T18:29:21.697" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T18:29:21.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7157" CreationDate="2014-11-21T17:39:50.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an &lt;a href=&quot;http://rpiratings.com/fourinone.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article at RPIRatings.com&lt;/a&gt; that has a list of college basketball teams that have played each other 4 or more times in one season.  It is not a comprehensive list, but it is still pretty impressive as it has data going back as far as 1906.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note that many of the teams in the following list are from the present-day Big 12 and Pac-10 conferences. Several of these teams had long travels to play games, especially before 1940, and it was common then to play a visiting team twice and then return the favor with a pair of games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on their list (which includes the home, road, and neutral site records) it seems that up until the early 1970s, teams in certain conferences played each other 4 times during the conference's regular season.  During that time, there were quite a few instances of 2 teams playing each other 5 or 6 times in one season, and one instance of 2 teams playing each other 7 times in one season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the article has a separate list of teams that have played each other at least 4 times in a season since 1975.  I presume that since 1975, no conference has had their teams play each other 4 times during the regular season.  Since 1975, there have been no teams that have played each other 5 times in one season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T17:39:50.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7180" CreationDate="2014-11-22T09:28:38.660" Score="1" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are going backwards, with constant crossovers done in front. See here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtwM1T3_x6M&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=1m54s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hockey Powerskating / Edgework Circuit&lt;/a&gt; (by m2hockey). I tried to recreate that move (and I failed), I barely moved backwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My current theory -- let's say I glide on left, and I am doing crossover with right. So left is on external edge, I do crossover, right is on internal edge. After crossover I go from internal edge to external, and then I do crossover with left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in this video it looks much simpler. What do I miss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-23T03:52:23.713" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T06:50:43.907" Title="How does the skate work in backwards, front crossovers?" Tags="|technique|skating|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2014-11-23T02:19:17.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many years ago in the NFL, no one spiked the football because it was illegal to do so. If a team used up all of their time outs, the only way they could advance the ball AND stop the clock was to run out of bounds. This caused offenses to abandon using the middle of the field, for if they did (and they had no time outs), they ran the danger of running out of time. The defense knew this, so they focused their attention to protecting the sidelines, making it even more challenging for the offense to advance and stop the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what changed? The desire for more close games. When spiking the ball to stop the clock was made legal, it allowed teams unlimited amounts of short &quot;timeouts&quot;. Now a team could use all of the field (instead of just the sidelines), knowing that they could stop the clock once they spiked the ball. The clock might still run after a catch is made, but once the ball is spiked, the clock is stopped, and time is saved. College football has the added benefit of the clock stopping when first downs are made late in either half, then the offense must spike the ball when the clock is restarted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7609" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-11-23T02:36:59.583" LastActivityDate="2014-11-23T02:36:59.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4702" CreationDate="2014-11-23T09:00:34.513" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite being mentioned in other answers, it was not the 1992 World Cup where Stump Cam was used for the first time! It was the 1990'1991 Benson &amp;amp; Hedges World Series Cup! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7610" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-11-23T15:54:02.620" LastActivityDate="2014-11-23T15:54:02.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7174" CreationDate="2014-11-23T16:25:51.290" Score="5" ViewCount="7328" Body="&lt;p&gt;In honor of their great players, teams retire their numbers. But if that player has been one of the all time greats, then the league might consider retiring that number. As an example, Wayne Gretzky's number 99 has been retired across the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the only example where a number is retired in an entire league? If not, please provide the player's name and number, as well as the teams he played for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for an answer for major leagues (i.e. MLB, NFL, NBA &amp;amp; NHL). But if there happens to be no retired numbers, then we can take a look at soccer leagues such as the EPL, LaLiga and Bundesliga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T15:42:21.753" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T20:16:11.953" Title="League-wide retired numbers" Tags="|trivia|history|international-sports|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7172" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-11-23T16:27:28.727" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-11-23T16:27:28.727" LastActivityDate="2014-11-23T16:27:28.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7173" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-11-23T16:27:28.727" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the Major Professional Sports Leagues in North America (MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL)" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-11-24T05:08:27.620" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T05:08:27.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7171" CreationDate="2014-11-23T19:30:24.880" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jackie Robinson's number 42 was retired by the MLB. Those wearing 42 were allowed to continue, but players couldn't switch to it and new players couldn't have it. Mariano Rivera was the last player to wear 42 in the MLB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Robinson played for the Brooklyn Dodgers starting in 1947 and famously broke the color barrier in the MLB. He was a first ballot hall of famer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB retired his number in 1997 and currently all players wear 42 on &quot;Jackie Robinson Day&quot; (April 15th).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His number 42 was retired by UCLA in all sports on the 22nd November 2014. UCLA is where he went to college and lettered in 4 sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T15:57:28.673" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T15:57:28.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7176" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7181" CreationDate="2014-11-24T03:04:27.127" Score="6" ViewCount="30960" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed this frequently in the NFL. When there's a kickoff that is downed in the end zone for a touchback (or is out of the back of the endzone), the coverage team still runs all the way down the field. Sometimes the receiving team is already walking off the field as the referees take the ball to the 20 yard line and still the coverage team is running full speed and they don't stop until they reach the end zone. (At which point they have to turn around and run back to their bench). Is this a macho thing? Intimidation? Young players trying to show their dedication and hustle to the coaches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastActivityDate="2021-12-14T01:58:42.953" Title="NFL: Why do kick coverage teams always run all the way down the field" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5386" CreationDate="2014-11-24T03:27:34.897" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends exactly how you measure &quot;worst&quot;, so I have two submissions for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Muncie Flyers were one of the NFL's inaugural teams in 1920. After losing their first game 45-0 their other opponents cancelled to play against better teams. They ended their &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Muncie_Flyers_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first season&lt;/a&gt; 0-1. Their &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_Muncie_Flyers_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second season&lt;/a&gt; didn't go much better as they went 0-2, losing 14-0 both times. They folded after that season, leaving their all time record at 0-3 with &lt;em&gt;zero points scored&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A better measure, which takes longevity into account, is net points scored all time. (This way we eliminate teams which did poorly and folded quickly). In this case, the Arizona Cardinals hold the lead by a long shot with &lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/skeptical-football-patriots-vs-cardinals-and-an-interactive-history-of-the-nfl/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;-3557 net points scored all time&lt;/a&gt; (although you wouldn't know it from the way they're playing this season). Also, despite being one of the NFL's charter members in 1920, they've only appeared in the playoffs 8 times since then, and won zero Super Bowls, although they did win the NFL Championship twice before the NFL-AFL merger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T01:01:32.233" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T01:01:32.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7176" CreationDate="2014-11-24T04:05:02.940" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;From personal experience (high school and not the NFL), we were required to run through the goal line every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of reasons I could see for them doing so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the kick does not go out of the end zone, the player may return it. There are plenty of players that will return a kick from 8 or 9 yards in the end zone if they see an opening. If the players slow down and the returner takes it out of the end zone it could be a big return.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Players are on a full sprint for 40+ yards sometimes and instead of breaking down, they choose to contine through the goal line to slow down at a decreased rate (possibly limiting a muscle pull injury).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Players on special teams are often the last players on the 53 man roster and do not want to give off an impression that they are slacking or taking it easy. Especially if they are on the team for only kicks and punts. It may have started at some point and players decided they wouldn't be the guy that didn't sprint down to the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Special teams coaches may require it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot say for certain the reason other than I am sure they have a good reason for it. Whether it is keeping their job or for strategic purposes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T04:05:02.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5386" CreationDate="2014-11-24T04:05:33.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what you mean when you say the worst team, but if you're talking about a team's performance in a season, then watch this video &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/video/five-worst-teams-nfl-history-070206447.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The five worst teams in NFL history&lt;/a&gt;, it ranks, from number five to number one,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1981 Baltimore Colts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1991 Indianapolis Colts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1990 New England Patriots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 Detroit Lions &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as the top five worst NFL teams in a single season. It also provides some stats and facts explaining why they belong to this list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T23:03:46.770" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T23:03:46.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7166" CreationDate="2014-11-24T06:50:43.907" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh boy. Tough to describe. This move actually is entirely on the outside edge of your skate. Your power is going to come from cutting/steering the outside (external) edge around in a tight 'C'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it looks like he is starting on his inside edge, he is just barely on the outside edge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't over think it! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7612" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T06:50:43.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7176" CreationDate="2014-11-24T08:49:51.023" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always coached my guys to run through the end zone at full speed for the following reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why not?  It is a free sprint that keeps them in shape for the next kickoff.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most importantly... Intimidation.  I want the returner to see how hard my guys are working and decide to kneel when the ball goes 2 yards deep in the endzone.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they do it?  Because I told them too and they won't be on kickoff if they don't (and possibly the team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T08:49:51.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7184" CreationDate="2014-11-24T13:34:32.033" Score="4" ViewCount="1013" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that the Williams F1 Racing Team have shed the Martini branding this last race (and maybe the race before as well; I don't recall). It's nowhere to be found on the car, the racing overalls, even the name of the team has changed (although the official championship entry is registed to &quot;Williams Martini Racing&quot;).&#xA;Most obvious is the omission of the red lines on the car's typical Martini livery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this to do with the specific venue, Abu Dhabi, where maybe alcoholic sponsoring is forbidden ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="802" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-24T14:36:53.427" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T14:36:53.427" Title="Why have the Williams F1 team changed their livery and branding recently?" Tags="|media|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7182" CreationDate="2014-11-24T14:19:39.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are some venues where alcohol advertising is banned, and any team sponsored by an alcoholic beverage company changes its livery for those races.  When Williams was sponsored by Anheuser-Busch, the team changed the branding on their car to Sea World Adventure Parks (owned by Anheuser-Busch) for non-alcohol venues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alcohol advertising is currently banned in France and in many middle-east countries.  This is a growing movement, and there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/11226082/FIA-president-Jean-Todt-under-fire-for-failure-to-ban-alcohol-sponsorship-in-Formula-One.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;international pressure on Formula 1 to ban alcohol sponsorship globally&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T14:19:39.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17917" CreationDate="2014-11-24T15:14:22.920" Score="23" ViewCount="8918" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always wondered why some creative hockey team doesn't find a sumo wrestler, strap a pair of size XXXXXXXL skates to his feet, and tell him &quot;sit there in front of the goal&quot;. Simply based on their size they should cover most (if not all) of the goal, making it all but impossible for the other team to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T02:27:15.007" LastActivityDate="2020-01-17T17:56:06.753" Title="Really Fat Hockey Goalies" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4796" CreationDate="2014-11-24T16:27:25.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One important factor not mentioned above is core strength. Most of your buoyancy comes from air in your lungs which are obviously in the top half of your body. By using core strength in your abs it's possible to maintain a flat body position even with low natural buoyancy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am quite a muscular guy and have been swimming from a very young age, and I can float on my back simply by holding air in my lungs (not breathing out fully but still breathing) and using core strength to lay flat and keep my feet on the surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to improve this I would suggest doing some core work like leg raises, crunches etc at the gym.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7615" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T16:27:25.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7185" CreationDate="2014-11-24T16:53:13.813" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;First goalies must be able to skate outside of the net to control the puck for their team 10-20 times a game.  Can you imagine putting in a player that led to 10 less possessions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second they may take up 50% of the goal compared to 25% of a normal human (given that the person isn't morbidly obese and bed ridden).  But they won't be able to move at all.  If they stand up chances are they let up most shots (ice level).  If they play on the ground then any flip shot is a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third would be player safety.  Given that your goalie will probably never be able to control the puck on shots, guys would just tee off on the guy all game.  It will probably be close to impossible to pad the big guy and stay within NHL equipment guidelines (leg pads are restricted in width).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T16:53:13.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6899" CreationDate="2014-11-24T17:11:37.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2008 season, the Milwaukee Brewers used a platoon for the fifth starter position between Dave Bush and Seth McClung, following the mid-season acquisition of CC Sabathia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;info: &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.brewers.mlb.com/news/article/3149657/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://m.brewers.mlb.com/news/article/3149657/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;McClung gets the nod on the road, Bush at home. With McClung preparing for his start, Bush was available Friday out of the bullpen. McClung will shift to the long relief role in the middle of next week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The statistical splits provided evidence for this uncommon approach, as Dave Bush's ERA at home was 2.49 and almost 7 on the road. Conversely, McClung's ERA on the road was 3.28 and almost 5 at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Milwaukee made the playoffs that season, it was largely due to CC Sabathia going 11-2 with 7 complete games after joining the Brewers, not due to the 5th-starter platoon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7600" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T17:11:37.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7185" CreationDate="2014-11-24T19:07:52.220" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject of really fat hockey goalies was actually covered in the book &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books/about/Andy_Roddick_Beat_Me_with_a_Frying_Pan.html&quot;&gt;&quot;Andy Roddick Beat Me with a Frying Pan&quot;&lt;/a&gt; by Todd Gallagher, which answered a lot of drunken-bar-discussion type questions like that.  It seems like the primary concerns would be (a) safety of the goalie, (b) the ability of that goalie to pass a physical, and (c) a sense of fair play.  From &lt;a href=&quot;http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB119143109983647814&quot;&gt;an excerpt from the book&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if there was a team that was more concerned with winning than with their reputation, and if they could find a genetic marvel, a man pushing 2,000 pounds who's fatter than anyone the world has ever seen, who could survive making it onto the ice and withstand the pain of frozen hockey pucks being fired off his exposed body, and if that team could then win a legal battle against the NHL, and if the players didn't go on strike over the matter or beat the rotund goalie to death on the ice, that historically obese man could be a cost-efficient and effective goaltender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7619" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T19:07:52.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7190" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7206" CreationDate="2014-11-24T20:35:12.577" Score="4" ViewCount="1454" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently joined a soccer (football) team at work playing as a right-back.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have very low experience in playing although I am an avid fan of watching.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With limited time to practice, What skills could I work on to improve my ability in a short space of time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary - &lt;strong&gt;which basic football skills have the greatest payback in the shortest amount of time?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7620" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T21:37:08.470" Title="As a new player, what football (soccer) skills can I improve exceptionally quickly to be a better team player?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7190" CreationDate="2014-11-24T20:45:07.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stamina!  Endurance!  Not sure what your work league looks like, but you need to be able to play a full match. This can especially help late match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As a defender, you must learn never to get beat.  Training with a skilled offensive player is essential so you can learn to watch for subtle cues in direction changes.  Never getting beat also encompasses correctly pressing up the field to draw the offense off-sides.  This requires a team effort though.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Learn ball control in tight spaces.  While you are learning to defend against a skilled offensive player, ask them to show you different techniques for protecting the ball and beating your opponent with your dribble.  Practice these moves the most to help with muscle memory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps,&#xA;Former soccer player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T20:45:07.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7190" CreationDate="2014-11-24T21:25:45.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with a lot of what Chrismas has in his answer.  I will add that on the stamina part is being able to sprint again and again.  As a defender you might have less lengthy runs but if you are on a mediocre team you could have a lot of runs.  Nothing is worse than watching an out of shape defender stand with their hands on their hips while getting beat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strategy involved for a newbie would be to drop back and limit taking chances for steals.  I am not saying hold the goalie's hand but if you are deciding to go for a slide tackle or drop back, drop back.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a strategy for advancing the ball - as a new defender you should never have more than a few dribbles than pass/kick.  Maybe even talk to your teammates about expectations.  This will depend on your ball skills and how big of a foot you have.  Unless you are very very confident in your kicking do not ever play the ball backwards or to the goalie.  Until you get to pretty competitive soccer, often clearing the ball is just as effective as anything else.  A really good forward will understand that you are new and eventually sucker you in to a short pass to the outside.  He will then pounce on this and take off the other way... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And lastly find your place.  Nothing better than a new player that understands they are new and uses their skills to help the team.  If you are really fast than you may have to chase the ball a lot.  If you are big you may need to stay in the middle and be more aggressive.  On the same note if you are really poor at something, try not to do it.  If you are pretty good at everything except dribbling/ball control (lots of newbies fit here) than don't dribble the ball.  If you lose it as a defender could lead to an easy goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T21:25:45.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7194" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-25T02:20:28.123" Score="6" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the first bobbleheads was supposedly made in 1920 by the New York Knicks. However, the New York Knicks came into existence in 1946. This obviously presents a discrepancy. Can someone please help me out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7624" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T16:24:35.703" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T16:24:35.703" Title="The New York Knicks Bobblehead in 1920" Tags="|basketball|history|collectibles|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7196" CreationDate="2014-11-25T02:59:45.317" Score="15" ViewCount="14851" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there has been any division in the modern day NFL history where all teams finished the regular season with winning or losing record. Even though this might not be so probable, it is definitely possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is motivated by what's been happening this year (2014) in the NFL. All teams in the AFC North (Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Cleveland) have winning record as of week 12; and teams in NFC South (Atlanta, New Orleans, Carolina, Tampa Bay) all have losing record! at the end of week 12, the worst record in AFC North was 7-4 which is better than the best record in NFC South at 4-7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 2014 NFC South's champion is Carolina Panthers with a losing record of 7-8-1. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014 AFC North did not have all team with winning record as Cleveland Brown finished at 7-9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T05:00:30.160" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T08:05:21.340" Title="NFL division with all teams having a losing or winning record" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7195" CreationDate="2014-11-25T03:11:31.510" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the NFC West had all teams finish with a losing record in 2010.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC_West&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; mentions this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2010, the NFC West became the first division in NFL history to have a champion with a losing record, after the 2010 Seattle Seahawks won the division title with a record of 7-9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found this &lt;a href=&quot;http://heavy.com/sports/2014/11/could-the-afc-north-make-nfl-history-in-2014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;heavy.com article&lt;/a&gt; that says the following regarding the current 2014 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the unofficial midpoint of the 2014 NFL season, the AFC North Division has all four teams sporting winning records: Cincinnati (5-2-1), Pittsburgh (6-3), Cleveland (5-3) and Baltimore (5-4). If all four remain above .500 at the end of the season, it would be the first time in NFL history that all of the teams from one division finished with a winning record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means no NFL division has ever had all of its teams finish with a winning record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the NFC South had all of its teams finish with a losing record.  The Carolina Panthers won the division with a 7-8-1 record, as mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2014/12/28/5411641/carolina-panthers-obliterate-atlanta.html#.VKCi61fmA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carolina (7-8-1) won its fourth in a row to join the 2010 Seattle Seahawks (7-9) as the only teams to capture a division title with a losing record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2020, the NFC East had all of its teams finish with a losing record: Washington (7-9), New York (6-10), Dallas (6-10), Philadelphia (4-11-1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-04T08:05:21.340" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T08:05:21.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7197" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-25T03:41:52.693" Score="21" ViewCount="5715" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Saints are up to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112400/2014/REG12/ravens@saints#tab=analyze&quot;&gt;ten unique receivers&lt;/a&gt; with at least one catch in tonight's game against the Ravens, and I can find a reference to the Packers having &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/10/09/rodgers-spreads-the-ball-around-as-packers-score-25-straight/&quot;&gt;a franchise record of 12&lt;/a&gt; that's been reached multiple times - but what's the overall record for most receivers with a catch in a single game on the one team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:58:32.030" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T03:56:52.650" Title="What is the NFL record for most receivers with a catch in a single game on one team?" Tags="|trivia|nfl|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7194" CreationDate="2014-11-25T14:24:06.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is turning out to be a very interesting question.  Doing some research, I have found a few different sources claiming that sports bobbleheads got their start in the 1920s with the New York Knicks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bobbleheads.com: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bobbleheads.com/history-of-bobbleheads.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;History of Bobbleheads&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Historyofdolls.com: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.historyofdolls.com/history-of-famous-dolls/history-of-bobblehead/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;History of Bobblehead&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;National Bobblehead Hall of Fame and Museum: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bobbleheadhall.com/history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;History of Bobbles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These articles, unfortunately, provide no sources.  They are not a copy-and-pastes of each other.  This &quot;fact&quot; was even picked up by &lt;a href=&quot;http://tbo.com/sports/blogs/sports-bookie/heres-a-nod-toward-a-national-bobblehead-museum-20141124/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a recent article in the Tampa Bay Tribune&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this cannot actually be true, since the New York Knicks did not begin until 1946.  I think this is just a matter of some article somewhere putting out this &quot;fact&quot; and everyone else just assuming it is true.  But I haven't been able to determine what the original source is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T14:24:06.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7194" CreationDate="2014-11-25T15:59:49.987" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see anything more specific than Ben Miller's comments on bobbleheads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would note that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Celtics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Original Celtics&lt;/a&gt; were active in New York (not Boston) in the 1920s, and they were a very showman-like - even circus-like - team; basically a slightly more serious version of the Harlem Globetrotters, with a similar record (193-11-1).  It seems likely they would have thought of something like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also the Harlem Rens in this period, who were commonly the opponents of the Celtics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Follow up:  I emailed the folks at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bobbleheadhall.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Bobblehead Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt;, and they replied with (in part):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We did add a note to our site regarding this bobblehead and the fact&#xA;  we are investigating further. It's odd that so many sites have listed&#xA;  this information. We have spent a good amount of time looking into&#xA;  this and haven't been able to find anything conclusive yet. I will&#xA;  appeal to the folks on the Bobblehead Addicts page and some sports&#xA;  historians in the New York area to get to the bottom of this. I will&#xA;  surely let you know what we find out!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-12-04T18:07:31.970" LastActivityDate="2014-12-04T18:07:31.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3638" CreationDate="2014-11-25T16:15:47.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baking skates essentially gives you a step ahead in the skate breaking in status. If you don't bake them, your skates will still form to your foot, however it will take longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baking can be done at any time, and can also be done multiple times. It can be good to bake the skates before your first skate, and again after 2-3 skates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7612" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T16:15:47.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3633" CreationDate="2014-11-25T17:59:21.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was about to post that Brian Jordan was another player who played in both the NFL and MLB, but he was still in minor league baseball when playing in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons. When he signed a new contract with the St Louis Cardinals (MLB) before the start of the 1992 NFL season, there was a $1.7 million bonus if he stopped playing football. So, in short, Jordan never played both baseball and football at the major league level simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7600" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T17:59:21.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7204" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7205" CreationDate="2014-11-25T22:56:26.530" Score="0" ViewCount="1155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I search a lot for Real player that wore number 26 jersey,&#xA;Was there a famous player in Real Madrid history that wore jersey number 26?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T08:32:50.360" Title="Was there a famous player in Real Madrid history that wore jersey number 26?" Tags="|football|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-11-27T10:42:11.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7204" CreationDate="2014-11-26T08:00:29.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on how you define famous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were some, but I think no big stars:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rodríguez (since 2014) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Javi Garcia (2006)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Álvaro Arbeloa (2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Guti (1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.myfootballfacts.com/real_madrid_squad_numbers.html?PageSpeed=noscript&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Site with all the jersey numbers over the years (1995-96 to 2014-15)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there are no high jersey numbers in the early years. At that time they were assigned consecutively or even alphabetically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="4927" LastEditDate="2014-11-26T08:32:50.360" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T08:32:50.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7190" CreationDate="2014-11-26T15:32:11.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which basic football skills have the greatest payback in the shortest amount of time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me offer my advice about what you can improve quickly in addition to the existing answers and working on fitness and ball control:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positioning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You already watch football.  Start watching the players' positions in various scenarios, especially the right-back in your case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You give yourself a much better chance at everything in the game if your positioning is correct.  Some things to consider as a newbie right-back:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Move up and down the pitch in line with the other defensive back line players.  This means that you are working together to catch attackers offside.  If you are sitting deeper than your teammates, you risk it being you that plays an attacker onside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Show the attacker down the outside.  The safest option as a right-back is to force the winger down the outside of the pitch.  Shape your body so that it almost looks like you are inviting the player to run past you on that side.  Ostensibly you are!  Trickier players love to come inside and have the fullbacks twisting and turning.  Keeping yourself between the player and the goal vastly improves your chance of tackling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When defending corners always make sure that you are closer to the goal than the player that you are marking.  It seems like common sense but you'll be surprised  by the number of players who don't do it!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Communication&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You've been talking most of your life so don't stop it on the football pitch.  Advise your teammates of attackers that are posing a risk, tell the right winger when you need cover.  Hopefully you've also got a goalkeeper who talks a lot.  In that case... LISTEN!  As a defender it's great having someone who is keeping the defence well organized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Play the easy game&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're not David Beckham.  So don't try 45-yard diagonal passes across the pitch!  Look for the short 5-10 yard passes.  Play the way you are facing and give it back to the teammate who gave you it if you want to.  You're more likely to complete these short passes and your confidence on the ball will increase with the success that you have.  Also, don't be afraid to turn around and pass backwards or sideways.  It's better to do that and keep possession than to try a difficult forward ball and gift it to the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;If in doubt, hoof it out!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your primary job as a defender is to prevent goals.  If this means that you need to kick it a mile off the pitch to foil an attack then do it.  If you're under pressure it's better to kick it out for a throw-in rather than make a mistake that adds to the attacking danger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd start with the above.  Working on stamina and ball-control is very important but, if you're looking for quick-wins, go for the advice above for now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T15:32:11.110" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7048" CreationDate="2014-11-26T17:55:17.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Relying on pro-football-reference.com, I went year-by-year to get some data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&#xA;Season  Winner  Bye Loser   Bye&#xA;2013-14 SEA     12  DEN     9&#xA;2012-13 BAL     8   SF      9&#xA;2011-12 NYG     7   NE      7&#xA;2010-11 GB      10  PIT     5&#xA;2009-10 NO      5   IND     6&#xA;2008-09 PIT     6   AZ      7&#xA;2007-08 NYG     9   NE      10&#xA;2006-07 IND     6   CHI     7   &amp;lt;--Final season with possible week 3 bye&#xA;2005-06 PIT     4   SEA     8&#xA;2004-05 NE      3   PHI     5&#xA;2003-04 NE      10  CAR     3&#xA;2002-03 TB      10  OAK     3&#xA;2001-02 NE      16  STL     8&#xA;2000-01 BAL     14  NYG     8&#xA;1999-00 STL     2   TEN     7&#xA;1998-99 DEN     7   ATL     3&#xA;1997-98 DEN     7   GB      8&#xA;1996-97 GB      8   NE      5&#xA;1995-96 DAL     8   PIT     7&#xA;1994-95 SF      9   SD      5&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before we start, there are a couple things to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bye weeks have only been restricted to weeks 4-12 since the 2007-2008 season. Before that, bye weeks seem to have been as early as week 3 or (until 2001-2002) as late as week 16.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rules of scheduling changed after the 2001-2002 season, when the NFL began their current schema of 4 divisions of 4 teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1993-94 was the final season when teams had 2 bye weeks. I've cut my research off here because this muddies things up significantly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the years when the bye week had to be between weeks 4 and 12, the Super Bowl winning team's average bye week is just over 8, while the losing team's average is about 7.5. Oddly enough, the winning teams have had a bye in each of the possible weeks except for weeks 4 and 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Walking further back through time, we see a 3-year stretch when a team with an abnormally-early week 3 bye made it to the Super Bowl: 2002-03 Oakland Raiders, 2003-04 Carolina Panthers, and 2004-05 New England Patriots. Of these three, only the Patriots went on to win that year's Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eyeballing the data, a bye in weeks 7, 8, or 9 seems like a benefit as the majority of Super Bowls have had at least one team from one of those three weeks; this breaks the season up into two approximately balanced halves, similar to the All-Star Break in Major League Baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7600" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T17:55:17.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7209" CreationDate="2014-11-26T22:35:41.050" Score="1" ViewCount="16675" Body="&lt;p&gt;If football teams are in violation of rules or something, do they get a penalty deducted from their score?  Are there any other ways to lose points?  I don't see anything about this in the Beginner's Guide to Football, but I just want to make sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7522" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T09:02:04.327" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T09:02:04.327" Title="Is it possible for football teams to lose points during the game?" Tags="|american-football|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7208" CreationDate="2014-11-26T23:28:06.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not possible for an NFL team to lose points during a game.  There are no penalties or anything that can deduct from a team's score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, due to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay_in_American_and_Canadian_football#National_Football_League&quot;&gt;NFL's instant replay review system&lt;/a&gt; that requires all scoring plays to be reviewed, it might appear that a team can lose points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, you could have a situation where a team scores a touchdown (the referees on the field ruled that it was a touchdown).  The scoreboard would add six points to that team's score.  However, since it is a scoring play, it would be reviewed.  If the ruling on the field that it was a touchdown is overturned, then the scoreboard would remove those six points from the team's score.  It might appear that the team lost six points, but they really didn't, because that play was actually not a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T23:28:06.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7208" CreationDate="2014-11-26T23:28:18.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentially, no. Violations of the rules are penalised by loss of down and/or yards, apart from in one exceptional case covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/14_2013_Scoring.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 11, Section 2, Article 1(e)&lt;/a&gt; of the NFL rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[A touchdown is scored when] the Referee awards a touchdown to a team that has been denied one by a palpably unfair act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, &quot;palpably unfair act&quot; is there to cover things like someone coming off the bench and tackling a runner clearly on route to a touchdown. This penalty has &lt;a href=&quot;http://quirkyresearch.blogspot.co.uk/2009/12/blogging-nfl-rule-book-palpably-unfair.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;never been called&lt;/a&gt; in the NFL, but the equivalent penalty has been called in college football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above and beyond that, the NFL rulebook also includes the provision for the Commissioner to reverse a game's result if things happen which &quot;he deems so extraordinarily unfair or outside the accepted tactics encountered in professional football that such action has a major effect on the result of the game.&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/20_2013_Emergencies_UnfairActs.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 17, Section 2&lt;/a&gt;). This provision has never been used to reverse the result of a game, but was used in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_National_Football_League_videotaping_controversy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Spygate&lt;/a&gt; controversy to fine the Patriots of a draft pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar rules exist for other major American football rulesets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T23:28:18.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7048" CreationDate="2014-11-27T02:48:50.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this depends on how the teams handle their practices.  If you are playing for a Tom Coughlin, Chip Kelly, the Harbaughs, or any other coach running a a tough training camp and practices you want your bye week on the early side.  Given that the NFL severely limited hitting in practices during the year, most of the major hitting is done in the first 6 weeks (counting camp).  That is where you will see most injuries and player fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a team playing for a tough coach will love a bye in weeks 4-7.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While on the other hand there are coaches who run softer practices and rely on athletes being able to perform without going through daily hitting.  They probably wouldn't care as much about the bye weeks and would probably would prefer something that broke up the season well, maybe in the 7-9 range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also a younger team would probably want an earlier bye week (STL, SEA, TB).  It is hard for coaches to change schemes during a normal week.  But during a bye week they could install new packages and rework things.  For a more veteran team (DEN, NE, GB) they probably don't care as much about this and probably have the ability to install smaller packages during a normal week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-27T02:48:50.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7215" CreationDate="2014-11-27T14:39:03.653" Score="6" ViewCount="1384" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you be deducted points for conduct during a table tennis match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you are deducted points are you allowed a negative score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T09:01:52.543" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T07:57:12.360" Title="Is it possible to lose points while playing table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-27T22:50:14.347" Score="5" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking about american football in particular, but this question could be applicable to other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I'm watching a game on TV I've noticed the referees are typically very good about spotting penalties. I'm able to notice after the fact on the reply, but only in slow-motion and when the announcers tell me what I'm looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the NFL's (or other sports') referees learn or use specific techniques that enable them to spot penalties easily?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7641" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T05:18:17.683" Title="How are referees so good at spotting penalties in real time?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-11-28T03:26:47.647" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is their main job. They look out for these penalties all the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there are around 4 referees in a football game, they can consult each other if necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7642" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:26:47.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7212" CreationDate="2014-11-28T03:41:17.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not really possible to lose points that you have earned in a table tennis match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you foul during a serve, then you don't earn the point that you would have gotten if the serve had been an ace, and your opponent gets a point.  Sometimes you might hear this referred to as a point deduction, but it's not really a point deduction, since the server never really earned the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the ITTF rankings, you earn points for wins, and lose points for losses.  But these are ratings points, not points during a table tennis match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:41:17.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7212" CreationDate="2014-11-28T04:38:10.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ben Miller is right that when a &amp;quot;point deduction&amp;quot; is levied against a player, that player doesn't actually lose a point.  Instead, the opposing player is awarded a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an example of this in the women's singles gold medal match for table tennis in the 2012 London Olympic Games.  A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/08/01/li-xiaoxia-wins-womens-s_n_1727619.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Huffington Post article&lt;/a&gt; mentions three point deductions against China's Ding Ning in that match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bongelli penalized Ding three points — two for an illegal serve — and one for using a towel when it was not authorized. Two of the point deductions came in the critical fourth game with Ding trailing two games to one and trying to rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Behind 2-6 in the fourth game, Bongelli penalized Ding for failing to toss the ball correctly before serving it. The toss is supposed to go straight up, and the Italian referee said she was tossing it at an angle. The penalty made it 2-7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Angered, Ding went and grabbed a towel. That cost her another point, since towel breaks are allowed only every six points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That made it 2-8. Ding lost the game 11-6, and the fifth 11-5 and it was over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T04:38:10.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3088" CreationDate="2014-11-28T08:37:22.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference between a person suited for a 3-4 outside linebacker vs a 4-3 outside linebacker is their ability to get off the ball and play at the line of scrimmage.  Starting with a head of steam from 4-5 yards away is very very different from lining up across from a man and beating him off the ball.  This takes more initial burst and leverage.  While blitzing from the second level takes timing and agility and speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At almost all levels your DEs are the core of your defense.  Coaching pee-wee through college I can say my first pick would be a left defensive end (left because most QBs are right handed).  You don't know how many stud players I have tried to &quot;turn&quot; into a DE but they eventually went back to linebacker.  I call these players my &quot;thinkers&quot;.  At 4-3 outside linebacker you want your &quot;thinkers&quot; there.  These are players who read the ball well, analyze plays, reacts to blocking patterns, reacts to route patterns and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now your 3-4 outside linebacker is a &quot;doer&quot;.  This guy just wants to go.  You can line him up on the line and he will play like a D-lineman.  You put him in coverage though and you usually have two options.  He can cover the short flat or he can man up on a TE or back.  Put him in space he will think too much.  You don't want your attack dog thinking when a crime is taking place - and a team trying to get a yard on my defenses is a crime!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are very very few players I have coached that are both &quot;thinker&quot;s and &quot;doer&quot;s.  Well maybe there were a lot but there were very very very few that were really good players that could do both.  If I labeled you a &quot;thinker&quot; or a &quot;doer&quot; those are big skills and you were a good player, and if you were a hybrid you were probably 2nd-3rd string.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some 3-4 outside LBs can move to DE.  Most of the time they were picked to OLB position because of their size.  If their penetration outweighs their lack of size then they may merit a move up to a 4-3 DE if schemes change.  You will hardly ever see a OLB move to a 3-4 DE position which is generally a two gap technique (and &quot;doer&quot;s can't do 2-gap).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some 4-3 DE have moved to OLB.  If a DEs size is being taken advantage of they may move to an OLB position in a 3-4.  Every once in a while they may transition to a 4-3 OLB but that is basically saying they aren't good at getting after the QB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a 3-4 OLB is not a glorified DE.  He may line up 90% of the plays during a specific game like a DE but that is just that game.  What happens in the NFL if an OLB does this (I have never coached a 3-4 and have very very rarely seen it used in college) and what I would do, is simply pass every down.  You keep your 3 big bodies with 2-gap technique with no exotic blitzes (because the left OLB is just their left DE) and I will throw laddered slants to your left side all day.  If you do this you are leaving potentially your corner, safety, and ILB on my TE, RB, and WR.  This doesn't compute right?  If your corner doesn't play shallow zone my TE and RB catches outs all day.  If your corner does play a shallow zone my WR runs streaks all day (and when your safety starts cheating posts).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a 3-4 OLB is a hybrid that can play on the line or at the second level.  With a good schemed 3-4 an OLB may &quot;blitz&quot; (play as a DE) maybe 30% of the time.  Now if they have a very favorable matchup maybe 80-90%.  How do I get to 30%?  Well you have 2 OLBs.  That would cover 60% of the snaps.  You will rush 3 on maybe 15-20% of the snaps.  The others should be filled with ILB or safety blitzes.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;this question is really around pro football.  The 3-4 isn't really relative at any other level.  Some FCS schools run the 3-4 sometimes.  To run it right not only do you have to have 3 stud DL to run 2-gap but you also have to have intelligent players that understand all the scheming involved to run a 3-4 right.  It isn't that players can't or aren't smart enough it is just that only at the pro level is there enough time involved to learn how to do it without opening up glaring holes because of assignment mistakes.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;at most an OLB in a 4-3 will blitz 10-15% of the time.  Generally your 4-3 OLB has to be faster because they need to cover a 3rd of the field instead of a 4th - this is a HUGE difference.  Also generally speaking size isn't much of a concern for a 4-3 OLB with some major colleges playing guys around 200 pounds (and lighter).  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if you have a 4-3 OLB that gets after the QB well then chances are most of their pass rushes have them coming in as basically a DE in nickel and dime packages.  Note that this is more of a high school or college thing.  If an OLB rushes the passer well in the pros he moves to a 3-4 team or to DE so he makes more money.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Special Note:&lt;/strong&gt;  For those with ****ass high school coaches that ran a 3-4.  Chances are you had one of your OLB line up on the line (who acts like a DE), probably on the weak side.  Then you have the other 3 LBs plus 2 corners on the second level.  Then you had a free safety, then a &quot;rover&quot; or some other sort of roaming strong safety.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Guess what?  That isn't a 3-4.  That is a 4-3 in Cover 1 (or simply a 4-4 with the SS assuming role of OLB).  High school coaches like to say they are running a 3-4 to make themselves feel current or smart.  In 25+ years of coaching I have not seen a true 3-4 run at the high school level.  Even with the fake 3-4 it puts undo pressure on your corners and even if you have an athlete advantage over me I can probably scheme my guys open (yes we would pass most downs).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T08:42:37.087" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T08:42:37.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7221" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-28T10:11:09.990" Score="12" ViewCount="39697" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been browsing through some historical pitching stats at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/&quot;&gt;Baseball-Reference.com&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that in the 1910s and 1920s, starting pitchers frequently pitched on 3 days rest, sometimes pitched on 2 days rest, and occasionally even pitched on 1 day of rest.  Back then, the league leaders always had over 40 games started per season (which was 154 games long).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like pitching on 3 days rest was fairly common until the 1980s.  Then in the 1990s pitching on 4 days rest became the norm, and nowadays the league leader in games started never has more than 35 (in a 162 game season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletes should always get better in terms of strength and stamina due to improvements in training techniques and equipment, so why is it that starters nowadays can't pitch consistently on 3 days rest like they did several decades ago?  Most teams' fifth starter isn't very good, so it would be better for them if they could just have a 4-man starting rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know in the playoffs nowadays, teams sometimes try to have their ace pitch on 3 days rest.  If a pitcher doesn't pitch well on 3 days rest, then the poor performance is blamed on the fact that he only got 3 days rest.  (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/97802528/how-much-did-short-rest-affect-dodgers-ace-clayton-kershaw-in-game-4&quot;&gt;Clayton Kershaw&lt;/a&gt; in the 2014 playoffs as an example.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And nowadays if a pitcher somehow pitches well on 2 days rest, like Madison Bumgarner did in Game 7 of the 2014 World Series, it is &lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/you-will-never-see-a-pitching-performance-like-that-aga-1652642819&quot;&gt;hailed as a legendary, impossible, once-in-a-lifetime performance&lt;/a&gt;.  I'm not sure it would have been such a huge deal if it had happened 100 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:26:49.690" LastActivityDate="2016-11-04T16:19:48.280" Title="Why can't modern starting pitchers consistently pitch on 2-3 days rest?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7224" CreationDate="2014-11-28T14:45:47.170" Score="9" ViewCount="1436" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL broadcasts of Philadelphia Eagles games are full of shots of the opposing team's defense struggling to catch its breath. The announcers often discuss how Chip Kelly's fluid, no-huddle offense wears out the other team's defense due to its pace--even though the Eagle's time of possession tends to be lower than that of offenses of otherwise similar quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why a no-huddle offense would wear out the defense more than the offense. If the defense can't make substitutions, then neither can the offense (right?). Announcers will sometimes mention the Eagle's training and conditioning,  but I assume that all NFL teams have rigorous training and conditioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there something structural going on here: is defense inherently more tiring than offense? Is this especially true for fast-paced offenses? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7649" LastEditorUserId="7649" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T15:15:48.860" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T18:53:06.473" Title="Does a fast paced NFL offense tire out the defense more than the offense?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2945" CreationDate="2014-11-28T16:08:56.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Major League Baseball:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref: &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Question 1: On page 32 (PDF page 38):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4.03 When the ball is put in play at the start of, or during a game, all fielders other than the catcher shall be on fair territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(a) The catcher shall station himself directly back of the plate. He may&#xA;    leave his posi- tion at any time to catch a pitch or make a play&#xA;    except that when the batter is being given an intentional base on&#xA;    balls, the catcher must stand with both feet within the lines of the&#xA;    catcher’s box until the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand. PENALTY: Balk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(b) The pitcher, while in the act of delivering the ball to the&#xA;    batter, shall take his legal position;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(c) Except the pitcher and the&#xA;    catcher, any fielder may station himself anywhere in fair territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Question 2: On page 3 (PDF page 9) the catcher's box is drawn out. &#xA;On page 13 (PDF page 19) the definition is defined as&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The CATCHER’S BOX is that area within which the catcher shall stand&#xA;  until the pitcher delivers the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastEditorUserId="7614" LastEditDate="2014-12-29T17:28:22.907" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T17:28:22.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7222" CreationDate="2014-11-28T19:31:07.847" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;YES!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The offensive players probably practice this way all the time.  While the defensive players may only practice this at some times or never.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;During a run play the offense has 9 guys blocking, one guy doing nothing (QB), and one guy running hard.  On defense you have 11 defenders fighting through blocks trying to sprint to the ball.  This is much harder work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;During a pass play you have 5-6 guys standing next to each other blocking (easier than run blocking for lineman).  You have 4-6 defensive players trying their hardest to get around these blockers.  This may be the most strenuous and tiring activity there is on a football field.  At the same time you have WRs running routes - at most 2 of these are deep routes.  The defenders are expending more energy covering them because they don't know where they are going.  (Equivalent to basketball where playing D is more tiring than running an offense)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;These schemes run players off and on the field quickly.  I ran one for several years at a high school.  I almost felt bad because no matter how good the other players were the coaches weren't prepared and gave their team no chance.  Your defensive substitutions need to be spot on.  [In the NFL there are rules regulating offensive substitutions, in that the offense must give the defense time to make a substitution without worrying about too many men on the field]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With any offense, even the most sluggishly ran, the offense will wear down the defense faster than it wears down itself.  Running at a faster pace just accelerates all of this.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The defensive coaches are so worried about the frantic pace that they don't do their basic jobs.  They are worried about their players being tired and substitutions and they aren't seeing how the other team is scheming them.  This is really the genius of the up tempo.  That people are so quick to blame the quick tempo on the success of the offense that they don't look at the schemes being used to execute.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are however teams just not with enough coaching/football IQ that don't get it.  You run up to the line on a quick snap and the other team LBs are still looking at coaches for signals.  This does happen in the NFL too.  I have seen the Patriots line up for sneaks 7-8 seconds after the previous play and the d-line isn't even set.  Guess what they have done it 50 times.  Why aren't your players ready?  I blame this 90% on the coaches.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T19:31:07.847" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-28T22:40:39.277" Score="4" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there league wide queryable databases for any type of statistics for sports leagues? Does someone run them for MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA, BPL, la Liga etc.? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they SQL queryable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7650" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T22:40:39.277" Title="League Wide Queryable Databases" Tags="|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-11-30T18:20:53.627" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7233" CreationDate="2014-11-29T00:53:28.643" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was the last game of a volleyball tournament when a serve hit the baseline of the opponent's court - as to me it seemed. From the referee's perch, she instantly called it out. But then the line judge shook his head, and called it in. A small argument broke out and a re-serve was called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should have actually happened in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:22:56.110" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:22:56.110" Title="Should a re-serve be called if Referee and Line Judge disagree?" Tags="|officiating|volleyball|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7234" CreationDate="2014-11-29T01:02:29.670" Score="5" ViewCount="1140" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a volleyball match, the opponent threw the ball &lt;strong&gt;over&lt;/strong&gt; the net because we had just gained service. The referee called a &quot;foul&quot;, and awarded my team 1 point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am unsure if this rule is applied in professional games. Also, why is tossing over the net disallowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T22:41:38.013" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T22:41:38.013" Title="1-point penalty for return fault - official rule?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3138" CreationDate="2014-11-29T10:54:03.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is basically to do with TV rights and the schedule around that. I can't remember exactly the days (I will edit later) but to use an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In England the rights to the group stages are bought on different days. ITV have the rights to Tuesday games (for English teams) whilst Sky have the rights to all Wednesday games. Bearing that in mind, imagine that all English teams are top seeds, now imagine, that Group A and Group B both have a first pick of an English team. The remaining two English clubs are now closed to Group C and Group D because Groups A-D will play on one day and Groups E-H on the other (swapping each game week). This is what is meant by the pot being open or closed. It would be unfair if you had brought the broadcasting rights to Tuesday's games and there were no English clubs playing on the Tuesday. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3719" LastActivityDate="2014-11-29T10:54:03.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7231" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-29T11:19:53.643" Score="-1" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know what's the procedure to become a state level Cricket Umpire? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;please explain starting from the grass root Steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7654" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T09:38:34.563" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T15:07:05.550" Title="what is procedure to become a cricket umpire in state level?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-01-15T15:07:42.887" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7231" CreationDate="2014-11-29T11:52:30.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to contact your local cricket authority - I think you can find them at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orissacricket.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.orissacricket.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The normal procedure is to do a preliminary training course, and pass an exam, all on the laws of the game and practices of umpiring. Then you start umpiring in matches (lower-league adult games or childrens' games). If you're good enough, and prepared to put in the time and effort, you will progress through the ranks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with it - umpiring is very enjoyable and a great way to be involved in the game at any level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-11-29T11:52:30.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7226" CreationDate="2014-11-29T16:31:57.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All calls in volleyball eventually come from the head referee. However, he or she can ask their assistants for assistance if they didn't have a good view of the play. If the referee cannot make a decision based on their own view and those of the assistants, calling a replay is perfectly fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's similar to basketball. When the officials cannot decide the correct outcome of a play, they sometimes call a &quot;jump ball&quot; to determine the outcome. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1954" LastActivityDate="2014-11-29T16:31:57.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7227" CreationDate="2014-11-29T20:07:52.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; mention in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot;&gt;official FIVB rules&lt;/a&gt; of a requirement to roll the ball back under the net to the opponent. However, actions which are contrary to &quot;good manners&quot; are considered rude conduct under rule 21.2.1 and therefore subject (on a first offence) to a penalty of point and service to the opponent. A second instance of rude conduct &lt;em&gt;by the same player&lt;/em&gt; would result in explusion, and a third in disqualification. It would be possible for a referee to determine that throwing the ball over the end is not &quot;good manners&quot; and therefore sanction players accordingly. However, doing so without warning the players first would be (in my opinion) over-officious on the part of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there may be local rules in effect for whatever competition you are playing in and these would take precedence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In answer to the question about professional matches, this question generally would not apply as there would be ball retrievers who would handle making balls available to the serving team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2014-11-30T20:23:31.910" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T20:23:31.910" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2067" CreationDate="2014-11-29T23:18:34.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Orangecrush's answer is technically correct, but relegates the most important point to the final paragraph: no batsman can &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; be given out unless there is an appeal from a fielder. To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 27&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Neither umpire shall give a batsman out, even though he may be out under the Laws, unless appealed to by a fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence it is necessary to appeal for all dismissals, whether they be bowled, LBW or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-31-timed-out-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;timed out&lt;/a&gt;. (Note that Law 27 does not forbid a batsman walking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referring to the specific comments in your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is the duty of an umpire to give the decision as OUT when the ball running to the stumps, hits any part of the batsman other his bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As noted above, this is incorrect. The umpire should not give a batsman out unless an appeal is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the bowler or any of the player of the fielding side did not appeal for the dismissal, what can the umpire do in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire should do nothing and wait for the fielding side to deliver the next ball of the over (or call &quot;over&quot; or &quot;time&quot; as appropriate if it was the last ball of the over/session).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-11-29T23:18:34.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7243" CreationDate="2014-11-30T01:38:34.150" Score="4" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this happen quite a few times in the 2014 FIFA World Cup - the referee accidentally trips or bumps into a player but nothing is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of this was USA vs Belgium. The referee actually trips number 13 when he gets open for a shot at net. The player is unharmed but he is very disappointed. Later on, he is making a solo run when he bumps into the referee, losing possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T14:49:27.263" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T14:49:27.263" Title="Consequences if an official interferes with play?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-11-30T05:18:17.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same way you get to Carnegie hall - practice, practice, practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, not everyone can become an NFL official. They start at low ranks and work their way up. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbsnews.com/news/a-tougher-nfl-job-to-get-than-becoming-a-player/&quot;&gt;Only the very best&lt;/a&gt; make it to the NFL (sort of like the players). The second thing is that referees are &lt;em&gt;looking&lt;/em&gt; for penalties. On a pass play, you're looking at the QB who has the ball. The referees is looking at the linemen to see if they're holding. Different referees are looking at different areas of the field to make sure they pick up on the appropriate things. And lastly, they spend a lot of time practicing, reviewing the rules, and there are &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1867480-how-are-nfl-refs-held-accountable-for-their-performance&quot;&gt;constant reviews of the refs by the NFL&lt;/a&gt; which provide feedback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T05:18:17.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7117" CreationDate="2014-11-30T15:15:25.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I have made this post CW, so that other users can update it, if needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer my question (at least partially) I checked the lists of Gold medalists from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF_World_U20_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;junior&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;senior championships&lt;/a&gt; as shown at elitepropects &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eliteprospects.com/awards.php?award=U20%20WJC%20Gold%20Medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eliteprospects.com/awards.php?award=World%20Championship%20Gold%20Medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Note that the lists from older championships are incomplete. (I was able to find that also Makarov, Kasatonov, Krutov, Pervukhin have achieved this. They are not in the list on eliteprospects. I have added them to the list below. Just for reference, I will add here also the version of the lists I was working with - in case they will be updated later. Here are they: &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20141212051009/http://www.eliteprospects.com/awards.php?award=U20%20WJC%20Gold%20Medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;juniors&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20141212051026/http://www.eliteprospects.com/awards.php?award=World%20Championship%20Gold%20Medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seniors&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found the following players with junior and senior medals from the same year:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viacheslav_Fetisov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Viacheslav Fetisov&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Makarov_(ice_hockey)#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergei Makarov&lt;/a&gt; in 1978,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergej Fedorov&lt;/a&gt; in 1989,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Storr#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Storr&lt;/a&gt; in 1994,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Havl%C3%A1t#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martin Havlát&lt;/a&gt; in 2000,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Toews#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan Toews&lt;/a&gt; in 2007, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Jokiharju&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henri Jokiharju&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapo_Kakko#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kaapo Kakko&lt;/a&gt; in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One player won the gold from senior championship one year sooner than junior gold:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Bergeron#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patrice Bergeron&lt;/a&gt; (2005 and 2004).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of players who won both junior and senior medal on WC, ordered by the year when they won the junior gold medal (for the first time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinetula_Bilyaletdinov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zinetula Bilyaletdinov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1974 and 6 senior gold medals in 1978, 1979, 1981-1983 and 1986. (Additionally he won gold medal as a coach in 2012.) It is worth mentioning that the first three WJC tournaments (1974-1976) are considered unofficial.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viacheslav_Fetisov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Viacheslav Fetisov&lt;/a&gt; won three junior gold medals (1976-1978) and seven senior golds (1978, 1981-1983, 1986, 1989, 1990).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Pervukhin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vasili Pervukhin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold in 1976 and 6 senior golds (1978, 1979, 1981-1983 and 1986).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Makarov_(ice_hockey)#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergei Makarov&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1977 and 1978) and 8 senior gold medals (1978, 1979, 1981-1983, 1986, 1989, 1990).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Kasatonov#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexei Kasatonov&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1978 and 1979) and 5 senior gold medals (1981-1983, 1986, 1989, 1990).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Krutov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vladimir Krutov&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals in 1979 and 1980 and 5 senior gold medalls (1981-1983, 1986, 1989).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Larionov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Igor Larionov&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1979, 1980) and 4 senior gold medals (1982-1983, 1986, 1989). (He is also a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;, having won  Olympic Games, World Championship and the Stanley Cup. Igor Larionov and Peter Forsberg are the only players to have won each of these three competitionsps more than once.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andersson_(ice_hockey_b._1962)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Peter Andersson&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1981 and 2 senior gold medals in 1987 and 1991.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_%C3%85slin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Peter Åslin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1981 and senior gold medal in 1992.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sundstr%C3%B6m&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Peter Sundström&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1981 and senior gold medal in 1987&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Byakin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ilya Byakin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1983 and 3 senior gold medals in 1989, 1990 and 1993.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Khmylev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yuri Khmylev&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1984 and 1986 and 2 senior gold medals in 1986 and 1989.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgeny_Davydov#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Evgeny Davydov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1986 and senior gold medal in 1990.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janne_Ojanen#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Janne Ojanen&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1987 and senior gold medal in 1995.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Sakic#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joe Sakic&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1988 and senior gold medal in 1994. He is also a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Recchi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Recchi&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1988 and senior gold medals in 1997.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergej Fedorov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1989 and 3 senior gold medals in 1989, 1990 and 2008.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Bure#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pavel Bure&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1989 and senior gold medal in 1990.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Yushkevich#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dmitri Yushkevich&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1989 and senior gold medal in 1993.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Draper#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kris Draper&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1990, 1991) and one senior gold medal (2003).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Ricci#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mike Ricci&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1990 and senior gold medal in 1994.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Niedermayer#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scott Niedermayer&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1991 and senior gold medal in 2004. He is a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Yashin#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexei Yashin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1992 and senior gold medal in 1993.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Bouchard#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joël Bouchard&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1993, 1994) and one senior gold medal (1997).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Pronger#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris Pronger&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1993 and senior gold medal in 1997. He is a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Gratton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris Gratton&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1993 and senior gold medal in 1997.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kariya#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Kariya&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1993 and senior gold medal in 1994.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Niedermayer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rob Niedermayer&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1993 and senior gold medal in 2004.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anson_Carter#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anson Carter&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1994 and two senior gold medals in 1997 and 2003.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Friesen#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jeff Friesen&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1994, 1995) and two senior gold medals (1997, 2004).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_McCabe#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bryan McCabe&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1994, 1995) and one senior gold medal (1997).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Storr#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Storr&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1994 and 1995) and one senior gold medal (1994).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shean_Donovan#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shean Donovan&lt;/a&gt;  won junior gold medal in 1995 and senior gold medal in 1997.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Smyth#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ryan Smyth&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1995 and two senior gold medals (2003, 2004).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Denis#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marc Denis&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals (1996, 1997) and one senior gold medal (2004).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarome_Iginla#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jarome Iginla&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1996 and senior gold medal in 1997.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Biron&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martin Biron&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1997 and senior gold medal in 2003.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bri%C3%A8re#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daniel Brière&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1997 and two senior gold medals (2003, 2004).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niko_Kapanen#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Niko Kapanen&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1998 and senior gold medal in 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasi_Puistola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pasi Puistola&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1998 and senior gold medal in 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Afinogenov#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maxim Afinogenov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1999 and senior gold medal in 2008.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Vishnevskiy#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vitali Vishnevski&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 1999 and senior gold medal in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Havl%C3%A1t#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martin Havlát&lt;/a&gt; won both junior and senior gold medal in 2000.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Va%C5%A1%C3%AD%C4%8Dek#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josef Vašíček&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2000 and senior gold medal in 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radim_Vrbata#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Radim Vrbata&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2001 and senior gold medal in 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Frolov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Frolov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2002 and senior gold medal in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Grebeshkov#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denis Grebeshkov&lt;/a&gt; won two junior (2002, 2003) and two senior (2008, 2009) gold medals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Perezhogin#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Perezhogin&lt;/a&gt; won two junior (2002, 2003) and two senior (2009, 2012) gold medals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedor_Tyutin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fedor Tyutin&lt;/a&gt; won two junior golds (2002, 2003). He won senior gold medal in 2008. Grebeshkov, Perezhogin and Tyutin also have gold medal from 2001 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIHF_World_U18_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;U18 Championship&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Svitov#International_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Svitov&lt;/a&gt; von junior gold medal in 2002 and senior gold medal in 2012.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Volchenkov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anton Volchenkov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2002 and senior gold medal in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Barulin#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Konstantin Barulin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2003 and senior gold medal in 2012.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Korneyev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Konstantin Korneyev&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2003 and two senior gold medal in 2008 and 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Ovechkin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2003 and 3 senior gold medals (2008, 2012, 2014).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Zherdev#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nikolai Zherdev&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2003 and two senior gold medals in 2009 and 2012.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Bergeron#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patrice Bergeron&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2005 and senior gold medal in 2004. He is a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Perry#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Corey Perry&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2005 and senior gold medal in 2016. He also has two olympic gold medals from 2010 and 2014 and is a member of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion_Phaneuf#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dion Phaneuf&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2005 and senior gold medal in 2007.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea_Weber#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shea Weber&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2005 and senior gold medal in 2007.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Toews#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan Toews&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 he won also senior gold medal. He is a member of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Marchand#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brad Marchand&lt;/a&gt; won two junior gold medals in 2007 and 2008. He won senior gold medal in 2016.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Ellis#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ryan Ellis&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2008 and senior gold medal in 2016. He also has gold medal from 2008 U18 championship.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Giroux#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Claude Giroux&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2008 and senior gold medal in 2015.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Eberle#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jordan Eberle&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2009 and senior gold medal in 2015. He has also a gold medal from 2008 U18 Championship.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Ennis_(ice_hockey)#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tyler Ennis&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2009 and senior gold medal in 2015.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgeny_Kuznetsov#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Evgeny Kuznetsov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2011 and two senior gold medals in 2012 and 2014.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kalinin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergei Kalinin&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2011 and senior gold medal in 2014.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Orlov_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dmitri Orlov&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2011 and senior gold medal in 2014.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petter_Granberg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Petter Granberg&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Gustafsson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Gustafsson&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2012 and senior gold medal in 2013.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Brodin#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonas Brodin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Karlsson#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Karlsson&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joakim_Nordstr%C3%B6m#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joakim Nordström&lt;/a&gt; and  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rask#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Victor Rask&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2012 and senior gold medal in 2017.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Klingberg#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Klingberg&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2012 and two senior gold medal in 2017 and 2018.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Forsberg#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Filip Forsberg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Larsson_(ice_hockey,_born_1992)#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Larsson&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickard_Rakell#International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rickard Rakell&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mika_Zibanejad&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mika Zibanejad&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;won junior gold medal in 2012 and senior gold medal in 2018.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikko_Lehtonen_(ice_hockey,_born_1994)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mikko Lehtonen&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2014 and senior gold medals in 2019 and 2022. He also has an Olympic gold medal from 2022.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esa_Lindell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Esa Lindell&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2014 and senior gold medal in 2022.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saku_M%C3%A4enalanen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Saku Mäenalanen&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_Pokka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ville Pokka&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2014 and senior gold medal in 2022. They also have an Olympic gold medal from 2022.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Domi#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Max Domi&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2015 and senior gold medal in 2016.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_O%27Reilly_(ice_hockey)#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ryan O'Reilly&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2015 and senior gold medal in 2016.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Reinhart&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sam Reinhart&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2015 and senior gold medal in 2016. He also has gold medal from U18 championship in 2013.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor_McDavid#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Connor McDavid&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2015 and senior gold medal in 2016. He also has gold medal from U18 championship in 2013.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Paul#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nick Paul&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2015 and senior gold medal in 2021.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juho_Lammikko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juho Lammikko&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2016 and senior gold medals in 2019 and 2022.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niko_Mikkola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Niko Mikkola&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veini_Vehvil%C3%A4inen#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Veini&#xA;Vehviläinen&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2016 and senior gold medal in 2019.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Comtois&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Max Comtois&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2018 and senior gold medal in 2021.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Jokiharju&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henri Jokiharju&lt;/a&gt; won junior and senior gold medals in 2019. He also has gold medal from U18 championship in 2016.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapo_Kakko#International_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kaapo Kakko&lt;/a&gt; won junior and senior gold medals in 2019. He also won gold medal from U18 championship in 2018.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernard-Docker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jacob Bernard-Docker&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Foudy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liam Foudy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Vilardi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gabriel Vilardi&lt;/a&gt; won junior gold medal in 2020 and senior gold medal in 2021.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coaches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also several coaches who lead both juniors and seniors to gold medal at World Championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Johnston_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mike Johnston&lt;/a&gt; - juniors in 1994 and 1995, seniors in 1997 and 2007.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Babcock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mike Babcock&lt;/a&gt; - juniors in 1997 and seniors in 2004. Mike Babcock is the only coach in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Triple Gold Club&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukka_Jalonen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jukka Jalonen&lt;/a&gt; juniors in 2016 and seniors in 2011 and 2019.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-07-14T05:50:57.333" LastActivityDate="2022-07-14T05:50:57.333" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-05-23T13:00:08.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7236" CreationDate="2014-11-30T16:33:38.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football (you should ask a separate question for the hockey) the game plays on as if the ball had been touched by a player. It happens quite a lot when, for example, in crowded areas of the pitch the referee can bump into players or be hit by the ball. In all cases, the team that has a disadvantage will feel aggrieved but it's just part of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3719" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T16:33:38.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2014-11-30T21:39:36.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coach-D's comment to the original question is a fair one - namely, that players are still physically capable of such feats but haven't been trained to do so.  There are at least two other compelling reasons, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, we live in an era of specialization when it comes to baseball.  Relief pitchers capable of coming into a ballgame and throwing in the mid 90s is a common sight today, whereas it would have been a rarer thing several decades ago (with the big increase in usage of relievers occurring between the 60s and the 90s).  When even a setup man is capable of pitching like an ace for one inning, the incentive to build up your rotation to the point where your starting pitchers are capable of tossing more innings isn't as strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, teams are far more concerned about injuries today than they were fifty years ago, and pitcher injuries in particular receive far more scrutiny than they used to.  Many talented pitchers back then hurt their elbows or shoulders and ended up losing out on what would have otherwise been a potentially solid career.  This was, effectively, a screening process whereby the players less likely to get hurt stuck around and racked up high innings totals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7656" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T21:39:36.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7248" CreationDate="2014-11-30T22:05:54.877" Score="5" ViewCount="1320" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2014 Russian Olympics, the United States faced Canada in hockey.  After a period of pressing on the US goal, the puck was cleared to the side. The linesman got in the way of a Canadian player, and the puck, bouncing off the boards, nearly went into the Canadian net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Linesmen interfere with the play quite often, but are there any consequences if done so accidentally or purposefully?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-04-11T01:51:18.973" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T14:25:38.497" Title="Consequences if linesman interferes with play?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7242" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7244" CreationDate="2014-11-30T22:43:40.113" Score="4" ViewCount="2308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my recent question, I received the answer to whether a 1-point penalty was actually applied in official rules. Philip Kendall provided that it was considered impolite conduct and the offending team could lose service and be deducted a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That brought up whether a player is allowed to influence the referee's decision of punishment for rude conduct. Philip explained that a player is supposed to refrain from influencing a referee's decision in volleyball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, is there any consequences if a player were to argue with the referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Philip Kendall's actual comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That's almost a separate question, but... Rule 20.1.3: &quot;Participants must refrain from actions or attitudes aimed at influencing the decisions of the referees&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-04-11T01:54:27.583" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T02:11:03.457" Title="Consequences if player(s) argue(s) with referee" Tags="|officiating|volleyball|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7236" CreationDate="2014-11-30T23:01:40.687" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, the referee and assistant referees are considered to be part of the field, just like the corner flags, crossbars and goalposts. In the case of the ball hitting the referee, there are two passages that support play continuing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 33 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is in play at all other times, including when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and remains in the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it rebounds off either the referee or an assistant referee when they are on the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, on page 106:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, when the ball is in play, it touches the referee or an assistant referee who is temporarily on the field of play, play continues because the referee and the assistant referees are part of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for a referee contacting a player, there is nothing explicitly written in the Laws about this. However, the only way a free kick or penalty kick can be awarded to a team in football, is if a player, substitute or substituted player on the other team commits an infringement, so this is out of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for a potential dropped ball restart, this would only occur if the player and/or referee was injured as a result of the collision. Page 31 covers when a dropped ball is appropriate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A dropped ball is a method of restarting play when, while the ball is still in play,&#xA;  the referee is required to stop play temporarily for any reason not mentioned&#xA;  elsewhere in the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the referee is not &lt;em&gt;required&lt;/em&gt; to stop play, it is not stopped and hence play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T23:01:40.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7242" CreationDate="2014-11-30T23:12:51.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Arguing with the referee would run through the same sanctioning scale as other misconduct offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A verbal warning delivered through the game captain&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yellow card (no other consequences)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalty - loss of point and service (red card)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Expulsion (red + yellow card together)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Disqualification (red + yellow card separately)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: Rule 21 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Official Volleyball Rules 2013-2016&lt;/a&gt;. Note that there is no requirement for a player to necessarily go through all the sanctioning levels - for example, if a player argues in a way such that the referee deems their conduct to be offensive (&quot;defamatory or insulting words or gestures or any action expressing contempt.&quot;), then the player will be expelled from the set even if they haven't received any of the less severe sanctions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T23:12:51.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-01T12:22:28.850" Score="12" ViewCount="12728" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I was watching some youtube clips of top squash players playing and I noticed that none of them wear goggles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? You'd think at that level, where it's so competitive and they're hitting the ball harder than ever that it would be more important to protect yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do goggles affect their performance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7658" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T12:48:14.637" Title="Why don't pro squash players wear protective goggles?" Tags="|squash|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7247" CreationDate="2014-12-01T15:35:38.727" Score="6" ViewCount="1765" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched prior to posting this question and I found this one &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/512/red-and-black-side-of-table-tennis-raquet&quot;&gt;Red and black side of table tennis raquet&lt;/a&gt; that didn't quite answer my question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to buy a cheap pair of bats and I saw these ones that are second hand. The owner has no idea if they're as they should be, but from what I remember from my brother's bats years ago, they used to have an extra rubber layer on the pimpled layer (which was flat and even on the outer side and pimpled inwards that would be glued to the pimpled surface of the bat). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now are these bats ready to use just for hobbyish playing or do I need extra rubbers on top?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZL84N.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aUs7Z.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7659" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T16:10:49.500" Title="Are Table Tennis Bats Supposed to Be Pimpled or Even?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7246" CreationDate="2014-12-01T16:05:30.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are Table Tennis Bats Supposed to Be Pimpled or Even?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is your choice. This depends on your style of play (speed/spin vs. control, etc). As a hobbyist, this will not matter much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.butterflyonline.com/static.asp?htmltemplate=RubberGuide.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; provides descriptions for different kinds of rubber. If I had to guess, the &quot;extra rubber layer on the pimpled layer&quot; is inverted rubber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, I played with &quot;pimpled&quot; table tennis rackets mostly, but prefer rackets with inverted rubber as I like to provide speed/spin to my shots. As a hobbyist myself who may or may not have a choice in what rackets may be available, I settle for &quot;pimpled&quot; rackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now are these bats ready to use just for hobbyish playing or do I need extra rubbers on top?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As-is, they're ready to use for play as a hobby. If you would like to protect your racket and if you decide to become competitive, then I suggest the extra rubbers. There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=table+tennis+rackets&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&amp;amp;aq=t&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&amp;amp;channel=sb#rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;amp;channel=sb&amp;amp;q=how+to+choose+table+tennis+rackets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;many tutorials&lt;/a&gt; available in regards to assembling/choosing a table tennis racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T16:10:49.500" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T16:10:49.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7241" CreationDate="2014-12-01T18:01:19.573" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only rule in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26489&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; that I could find addressing this situation is that a goal is disallowed if it goes in directly off of an official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;78.5 Disallowed Goals – Apparent goals shall be disallowed by the Referee and the appropriate announcement made by the Public Address&#xA;  Announcer for the following reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(iii)  When the puck has deflected directly into the net off an&#xA;  official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my understanding (but no explicit mention in the rulebook), otherwise the officials are &quot;in play&quot; and no particular exception exists for stopping play due to linesmen or referees obstructing play.  Clearly they are instructed to avoid doing so whenever possible, but if they're unable to avoid the play, the play stands (unless a goal goes off of an official).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes without saying that this only applies to NHL games and other games which take place under NHL rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T18:01:19.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2014-12-01T18:14:22.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major reason players pitch on four days rest is that they are better pitchers when they do so.  They are able to throw harder, throw more pitches, and throw more difficult pitches (with more spin/etc.) than they would if they had less rest.  They are also less prone to injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some evidence exists that pitching on three days rest in the postseason (where it's somewhat common); for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1812391-does-throwing-top-pitchers-on-short-rest-pay-off-in-the-postseason&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article at BleacherReport&lt;/a&gt; finds pitchers pitching on three days rest (who are usually the ace or #2 pitcher of a team) have a 4.48 ERA and win less than 40% of the games they pitch.  Some of this may be pitchers being unused to pitching in those circumstances (and pitching against fairly good teams, it being the postseason); but it does seem logical that pitching on short rest is somewhat harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other major factor is the fact that for &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; teams, the fifth starter isn't all that much worse than the fourth starter.  While a few teams might have four great starters and then a poor fifth starters (the 2014 Tigers post-Price trade for example), the large amount of starting talent plus the ability to use multiple relievers means you wouldn't lose much by starting that fifth starter, particularly if it allows you to have better performances on the other four days.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the question is what's the difference between then and now, you'll probably find that the major difference is in modern strength techniques allowing pitchers to throw that much harder; this both increases the number of pitchers who can competently pitch, and increases the benefit from rest - I'd rather have my starter hit 94 on most of his pitches every fifth day, rather than throw at 92 every fourth day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other issue with this is the premise of the question - namely, that the four man rotation was very common 20-30 years ago.  This is simply untrue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading SABR's &lt;a href=&quot;http://sabr.org/research/origins-pitching-rotation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Origins of the Pitching Rotation&lt;/a&gt; by Frank Vaccaro, the 5 man rotation existed in the 1930s, and even in the 1930s was the most common kind of rotation.  See the chart (unfortunately very low DPI) in that article; by 1935 more teams pitched with a five man rotation than a four man rotation.  If I have some time (maybe on the train home) I'll download the retrosheet data he used and make a better chart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1970s, you typically had 20-30 pitchers who started at least 36 games (a true four man rotation would start 40).  Given &lt;em&gt;every pitcher on a team&lt;/em&gt; would start that many games in a true four man rotation, that means a whopping 8 to 10 teams may have had four man rotations; the rest likely had five man rotations.  If you up the number of games started to 40 (again, the true four man rotation), you are in the teens or less in the 1970s - so maybe a handful of teams had a true four man rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many teams had modified 4 man - 4 day rest rotations during this period, where a team had four starters and used a fifth periodically when needed to keep them on four day rest.  This often led to #1 pitchers having 36-37 starts, so 3 or 4 more starts than the true 5 man rotation (33).  To some extent this fell out of style finally in the late 1980s and 1990s, where Bobby Cox and Joe Torre used true 5 man rotations with great success; while it seems like you might as well keep your aces on 5 days rest, it may be that an occasional sixth day is helpful for their rest, and/or keeping the 5th man on a regular rotation is better than having him only pitch every 10-20 days.  (It also may be largely irrelevant, who knows.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, anyone arguing that &quot;most teams had four man rotations in the 1970s&quot; is misremembering, probably thanks to folks in the 1970s and 1980s misremembering themselves.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T22:39:06.467" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T22:39:06.467" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7245" CreationDate="2014-12-01T18:40:55.023" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1756073/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;What do adult squash players think about protective eyewear?&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (by C. Finch, P. Vear):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The major reason for not wearing protective eyewear was the &lt;strong&gt;perception&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;that it was unnecessary&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Poor vision and a lack of comfort&lt;/strong&gt; were also&#xA;  stated as reasons by a significant number of players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BBC article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2256250.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Squash players fail to protect eyes&lt;/a&gt;&quot; states as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] among those not wearing eye protection, over a third complained&#xA;  that &lt;strong&gt;it restricted their vision during play&lt;/strong&gt;, and one in four said it&#xA;  was &lt;strong&gt;too uncomfortable&lt;/strong&gt;, even though most had not actually tried it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pro-players are being injured too. You may read SquashClub.org FAQ on &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://squashclub.org/main/e-lessons/lessons/intermediate_lessons/faq/faq.shtml#4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Are eyeguards neccessary?&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can you cite top players who have been injured?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jonathan Power was in top form and looked like winning his second&#xA;  World Open title in 2002. Up a game in the semifinal with David&#xA;  Palmer, he was hit in the eye with Palmer's racquet. Power did not&#xA;  suffer permanent damage, but he did not open his left eye for some&#xA;  weeks, and had to retire from the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Alex Gough was up a game and beating John White in the 2006 Motor City&#xA;  Open Semifinal when White hit Gough in the eye with his racquet. &quot;Play&#xA;  was suspended for five minutes as Gough was treated...Gough's eye&#xA;  continued to ooze blood for the remainder of the match...The blow,&#xA;  coming late in the second game...cost him the point, and the momentum&#xA;  - as White prodeeded to dominate the next two games to win.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Julian Wellings hit Nathan Dugan square in the eye with the ball&#xA;  during a freak fit of anger, and Dugan's full vision did not return&#xA;  for three months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Will Carlin, former U.S. champion ranked as high as #60 in the world,&#xA;  received a detached and torn retina from a ball strike. He has since&#xA;  endured two long surgeries, $50k+ in medical expenses, extreme pain,&#xA;  nausea, anxiety and a flood of &quot;floaters.&quot; He also lost two years from&#xA;  a promising professional squash career. Please read US National&#xA;  Champion, Will Carlin's story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please also note that, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ussquash.com/officiate/protective-eyewear/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Squash&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;risk of eye injury in racquet sports such as squash is high&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  according to the American Academies of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics,&#xA;  the American Optometric Association, and eye care professionals who&#xA;  have studied sports eye injuries. Fortunately, these injuries are&#xA;  almost totally preventable with appropriate protective equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6422" LastEditorUserId="6422" LastEditDate="2019-10-30T07:30:17.590" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T07:30:17.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2014-12-01T20:46:37.603" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to answer this with my coaching glasses on.  Mainly a football coach but have been involved, especially at high school level, with baseball team's conditioning programs.  Also was a decent pitcher in high school with a low 80s fastball.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see three factors that have slowly increased rest needed for pitchers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;added muscle.  Anecdotally I grew up playing baseball and I had a cannon.  As I got older (8-9) I started playing football.  Still good.  As I got a little older 14-15, started weight training - mainly legs/back but some arms/chest.  By 17 had elbow issues constantly throwing a baseball but football was fine.  I don't think weight training is the #1 issue but it contributes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;pitchers throw harder now.  The baseball world is whacko with radar guns.  It is FREAKING CRAZY and DUMB.  A high school kid who throws a gem shutout might have a bad outing to scouts because fastball topped off at 81 mph.  So guess what?  Kids know this, their coaches know this, their dads know this, their pitching coaches know this... So what happens?  They tweak their motion and throw as hard as they can all the time.  What do we get in the majors?  Yes, pitchers that throw as hard as the can all the time.  Very little emphasis on anything else until you hit the highest level.  What would they get if the kid that threw that shutout always got the scholarship?  More players that worried about spotting the ball, working hitters, throwing variety of speeds and pitches, and so on.  The cream doesn't always rise, because sometimes we throw out the cream.  (And I am saying this as a pitcher whose only trait was to throw hard)  Greg Maddux was one of the most dominant pitchers of the last 50 years and his fastball would be outdone by most college pitchers.  He also didn't have a fluke pitch (knuckleball).  Greg said that he could pitch every 3-4 days if needed - I don't think he pushed this since he loved golf (and one hell of a golfer).  Why aren't there more Maddux's?  Because those kids aren't getting college scholarships, scouts are not signing them and there is basically nothing you can do on your own.  A 22 year-old could get out 15 minor leaguers in a row in some fall ball league and no one would care unless he threw close to 90 or struck them all out.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;training, training, training.  It all starts at the youth level.  Most kids only pick up a baseball at practices.  They play video games for fun, not catch.  The fact that kids aren't out playing catch 5-7 days a week probably has a lot of long-term effects on their arm strength, ability to recover, flexibility and so on.  I personally pitched from 5 years-old on.  I can't ever remember my arm being sore until I started lifting.  We played catch every day, lots of long toss.  I pitched at least 3 games a week.  Basically I started every game and did the max innings (4 at the time) and would start the next game if league let you (leagues/tournaments only limited pitching limits so you couldn't ride one kid to a championship not because of injury risk).  Could the training be changed?  Yes.  But it would probably take a few years of development under new routine to see results and often young players aren't anywhere or even in the same organization for a few years.  A few major league teams have their own special sauce (Cardinals focus on a lot of long toss on off days) but they are fighting with &quot;stars&quot; who are making millions and already have their routine.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My quick analysis - Teams could easily have their pitchers go every 3 days.  They would first need to limit their weight lifting that tightens or stresses the shoulder, chest, forearms, elbows.  I am not saying stop it but low impact stuff.  They would systemically train their players to almost throw every other day with even some throwing on off days.  But most importantly they would have to give up the radar gun mentality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will this ever change.  I can't see it now at the MLB level.  Pitchers are getting paid.  If they pitched 25% more they would want a raise.  Teams won't give them a raise until it works, players (players' agents) will fear extra pitching equals more injuries - which historically is incorrect, and then the two sides will go around in circles.  It would basically take one star to do this and win over his teammates, which may start another team trying the strategy.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T21:05:41.973" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T21:05:41.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-02T12:58:47.397" Score="17" ViewCount="17492" Body="&lt;p&gt;Underwater dolphin kicks are often considered &quot;the fastest way of swimming&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dave Berkoff introduced underwater swimming and won Olympic golds in 1988. Rules were changed and now only allow for 15 m underwater after start/turns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Phelps is considered a master of underwater swimming and his gold on 200 m freestyle in Beijing was, according to many, secured by his underwater kicks after the last turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may appear like a simple relation. - Swim under water and gain time. But some facts make the relation complicated, I believe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many were impressed by Ryan Lochte swimming 50 m under water on 20.8 s at a clinic. It is fantastic but probably not very much faster than Lochte can do in regular freestyle. Swimming without breathing will also accumulate lactic acid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many say Michael Phelps achieved a considerable distance advantage by underwater work in one turn only (as described above). To get this advantage, the speed must be considerably higher  than Lochte had, recording 20.8/50 m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And all swimmers do not make full use of the allowed 15 m swim under water. (Some say Phelps' large and supple feet make him more suited for underwater swim.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to me there are simple questions about this matter that have not been answered. Questions like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much faster is underwater swimming after a start/turn?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why don't all swimmers make use of the maximally allowed 15 m under&#xA;water?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How useful is underwater swimming for competitive swimmers?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T05:09:11.330" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T16:29:29.077" Title="How much faster/more useful is swimming under water?" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7333" CreationDate="2014-12-02T15:04:23.503" Score="2" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to improve my forehand near the net. I hit ball to a wall with a specific target but the rebound is so fast that it is not really equivalent to high ball shots. How do you train forehand near the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Topspin forehand like the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uFrD3Ne-Rc&amp;amp;t=1m11s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Federer below&lt;/a&gt; near the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zZA6b.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T21:36:22.367" Title="Net forehand with topspin to high balls: how to practise them?" Tags="|tennis|technique|training|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6982" CreationDate="2014-12-02T20:53:00.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a really interesting question.  At the youth level I used to love implementing things to get touches to my bigs.  I felt that if they are out there blocking they should get glory too.  That was mostly taken away 10-15 years ago with weight limits on ball carriers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the high school and college levels they have put in rules to eliminate a lot of the line pulls and fumblerooski plays.  (See Nebraska 1984(?) for the perfect example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=arkansas%20tackle%20throws%20touchdown&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&amp;amp;aq=t&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&amp;amp;channel=sb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Arkansas had an offensive tackle&lt;/a&gt; that threw for a touchdown.  That might be your answer for the last trick play for an offensive lineman.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL there are a variety of reasons that this doesn't happen mainly the reward vs risk.  But you have to also think how hard defensive lineman get off the ball in the NFL.  You don't want a 325 pound player wobbling into your QB trying to get a handoff.  Injury, turnover, really bad play risk.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have watched I would say more than 95% of the NFL games over the past 15 years and I can't remember one offensive lineman even getting a carry or throwing a pass.  Some things I do remember related:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both offensive line and defensive players being put in at fullback and a few times at runningback.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have also seen both sets of players used at TE/wing.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have seen a few TE arounds each year.  Never by a lineman or defensive player though.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have seen lineman and defensive players recover fumbles for touchdowns but never on designed plays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have seen lineman and defensive players catch touchdown passes as an eligible receiver.  This became very vogue after Belichek inserted his LB core as TEs on short yardage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I cannot remember the last time I have seen a lineman take a hand-off when lined up as a lineman nor do I ever recall a lineman passing the ball.  I researched back to 2000 and saw nothing that jumped out that would reflect either happened.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;- &#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2014-12-02T20:53:00.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7261" CreationDate="2014-12-03T00:15:47.103" Score="7" ViewCount="4963" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently playing football in a recreational league, when a teammate was fouled. The referee awarded us a direct free kick, and seeing that the opponents were choosing to argue with the referee instead of defending, I took the opportunity to take the free kick quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I placed the ball in the correct position, and as I went to take it, an opponent moved and stood directly in front of the ball, making no effort to get back. I kicked the ball anyway, hoping it would go through his legs. Instead, the ball became caught between us and since it was in play, I began kicking at it trying to get it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee began yelling, asking me what I was doing, and then told me to wait for the whistle. At this point, all of their defenders were allowed to get back into position, marking all of our attackers and forming a wall in front of the ball. The referee then told me he didn't have to allow a retake, but he was &quot;doing me a favour&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this handled correctly by the referee? As a supplementary question, if the referee is refusing to enforce the required distance correctly, what strategies can I use to avoid opponents preventing me from taking a quick free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-12-03T17:06:50.667" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T17:06:50.667" Title="Quick free kick prevented by opponent" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6985" CreationDate="2014-12-03T08:07:53.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First at that age you will almost exclusively face zone defenses.  So while it is great to have a guy that can break defenses down, passing is the bigger key on offense.  By that age players should be able to make a variety of types of passes, if they don't this should be highly stressed during practices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next you need to develop other ball handlers.  At that age a good team will score 30% of the time in the half court (by your question you don't have a good team and will probably score 15-20%).  Being able to push the ball up the floor to get easy buckets is the key to winning.  Which means making sure everyone on your team can make a layup running at 80-90% and that they understand how to outlet quickly and run a simple 3 man attack going up the floor.  Full court 3-2 drills really help with this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't want your star player always bringing the ball up because you want him on the floor 80-90% of the game.  This will have to be on a case by case basis.  Any game/situation where others can bring it up without having the ball stolen from them, do it.  Over time a few players will stick out and learn to handle the ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On offense it is really basic.  Everyone is moving, picks are being set liberally, there are no positions.  The worst thing you can do as a coach is call one guy your center, two your forwards, and two your guards and they sit like robots at their spots on the floor.  Even worse is having 2-3 kids constantly a few feet behind the 3 point line that can't hit one.  The defense will eventually cave in and then you are playing 3-5 with your star getting doubled/tripled constantly.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your star will inevitably be doubled all game but the goal is to have enough movement to confuse the double teams so that you can open up a guy right under the basket.  Really you should have kids rotating everywhere but the key points are the weakside under rim and the free throw line.  The end goal is your star has the ball around free throw line and other players are moving.  The guy guarding him gets beat and then the bottom zone guy helps, the other side of the zone should rotate and then another player opens low.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to realize that your star player will either score or setup 70%+ of your baskets.  However he doesn't have to dominate the ball.  Make sure your players understand you want low risk and quick passes.  Make sure they understand there is no shot clock and a bad shot will mean riding the bench for a few minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the last thing I will mention.  Take a kid out if they do something dumb or if they aren't hustling.  Taking bad shots is a virus that spreads quickly on a mediocre kids rec team.  I often hear dads yelling at their kids to shoot or get theirs.  By simply benching a kid after every bad shot (something clearly out of range, incredibly bad technique, or with a defender right on top of them from outside) you set a precedence that the team will adapt to very quickly.  And yes you have to treat your star player just like every other kid when it comes to this.  Your star player will have off games and if he is jacking up bad long twos because he thinks he needs to beat some clock, then so will everyone else and the 10 point game turns into 30 real quick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note I have two rules for my guys bringing the ball up at that age:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you bring the ball up you must dribble inside three point line unless getting trapped before making a pass.  This keeps from fighting over bringing it up and making the lazy wing pass which is my pet peeve at that age - since it puts offense in worse position and if it gets stolen always leads to fast break.  The longer you have the ball the more chance for a turnover so I want my PG (for that play) penetrating and forcing the D out of position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;My PG (for that play) can not take any shot until two other players touch the ball except for a layup.  A wide open 3 would get him benched.  Again this keeps the kids who are only worried about scoring from begging for the ball every possession.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically all the advise I am giving you is for that age group.  I would not use that for varsity level high school or college.  It is also aggressive.  But only aggressive in a way where I would want players to put themselves in position to get a very easy basket and possibly a quick turnover vs. pass the ball around 10 times behind the 3 point line and possibly turn the ball over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2014-12-03T08:18:08.393" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T08:18:08.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7258" CreationDate="2014-12-03T08:13:27.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it was a direct free kick (near the goal), the referee may lock the ball. He should ask the attacking team, if they want to take it quick or slow. If they want it slow and ask the referee for the correct distance between wall and ball, the ball is available with a whistle again. &#xA;Though, the ball is usually only locked if the attacking team asks for the right distance between ball and wall. See this &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/213166-quick-free-kick-whats-the-rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;. &#xA;This is why most defending teams set a player direct in front of the ball, so the attacking team has to ask the referee for the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if an opponent blocks a ball from a locked free kick on purpose and is closer than 9.15m to the ball, the opponent should get a yellow card and the kick is repeated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the communication between players and referees, in amateur leagues, often is very poor and the referee does not manage to show/say the players what he has decided and planed to do next.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might find this interesting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Understand-Soccer-Referee-Signals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;referee signals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/laws/football-11-11/law-13---free-kicks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;about FIFA Law 13: free kicks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is less than 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball intercepts it, the referee must allow play to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is near the ball deliberately prevents him taking the kick, the referee must caution the player for delaying the restart of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, when a free kick is taken by the defending team from inside its own penalty area, one or more opponents remain inside the penalty area because the defender decides to take the kick quickly and the opponents did not have time to leave the penalty area, the referee must allow play to continue.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="4927" LastEditDate="2014-12-03T11:32:04.577" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T11:32:04.577" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7262" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-04T14:55:47.797" Score="7" ViewCount="1669" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at old films of the hockey greats like the great Gordie Howe or the strong and slick-skating Jean Beliveau, of blessed memory, I swear that these players don't seem as fast as today's superstars.  I find this hard to believe as Howe played successfully in four decades and clearly could skate with the kids when he was 51.  Maybe what I'm seeing is an optical ilusion based on difference in film technology.  But if not, I'm wondering if improved teaching methods for power skating, better padding and head protection, improvements in skate technology, and better training methods make today's average skaters as fast as the fastest in Howe's day.  Are there any technical studies using old game films and computer analysis that bear this out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2021-09-20T01:00:32.750" Title="Are hockey players faster today than 30 to 50 years ago?" Tags="|technique|ice-hockey|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7262" CreationDate="2014-12-05T00:31:08.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is certainly a marked difference between the quality of skates, ice, and equipment that each generation used. It would not be a stretch at all to say that this impacts their ability and speed. Skates and pads are lighter, blades are sharper, and ice is maintained better. These are all factors that could be considered when looking at relative speed in hockey. Additionally, with more research into physical fitness and training techniques, players work their muscles better and train harder. These are all things that would certainly impact the players ability on the ice. It is certainly feasible that the skaters in today's NHL are majorly faster than those in Howe's day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T00:31:08.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12395" CreationDate="2014-12-05T23:16:53.760" Score="2" ViewCount="10047" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/dallas/nfl/story/_/id/11984447/nfl-investigating-tony-romo-rib-injury-whether-dallas-cowboys-concealed-it&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL is investigating&lt;/a&gt; why quarterback Tony Romo wasn't listed on the official injury report despite his admission that he was playing with broken ribs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-sep-17-sp-nfl-report17-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL fined the Jets $125K&lt;/a&gt; for not disclosing a Brett Favre injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What injuries have to be reported? And why? This policy seems like it could pose a threat to injured players as it draws attention to players and body parts that could be targeted by opponents during game time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-15T11:08:29.843" LastActivityDate="2024-03-15T11:08:29.843" Title="Why does the NFL enforce injury report rules?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2014-12-06T22:48:19.217" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Within swimming circles, underwater dolphin kicks are sometimes called the 'fifth stroke' - they can be very useful for competitive swimmers, and all the top swimmers use them and use them well. Factors that can vary between swimmers include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some people are better on underwater dolphins than others, just like some people are better at breaststroke or butterfly.  You need to train and work on them just like anything else. If your technique isn't good, you won't get as much out of them so you will use them less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some coaches have swimmers work more on them, or are better instructors. If the coach isn't emphasizing them, the swimmer won't learn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some swimmers dedicate themselves to them.  As I recall, Natalie Coughlin decided she would do 7 underwater dolphins off the start and each wall, and made herself train to do them.  Others may not force themselves to work the technique and fitness required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not that good with underwaters - I swam HS/college before Berkoff, and have never spent the time required to learn them really well.  Still, I use a few because they are faster. My daughter is much better, and it is really nice to watch her go into the wall even with someone, and pop up a body length ahead 10 meters off the wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom line - if you are a competitive swimmer, you have to learn to use dolphin kicks.  The better they are, the better your racing will be.  It will take skill, dedication, and training, but that isn't any different than all the other things you have to learn to do right to go fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastActivityDate="2014-12-06T22:48:19.217" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="852" CreationDate="2014-12-07T11:30:55.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a teenager and have been playing golf for 3 years now and maintain a handicap of 2. I used an overlapping grip up until 4 months ago where I switched to an interlocking grip to keep my hands closer to together and level out my shoulders. It did feel very strange at first but now I can't imagine using the old grip. My posture at address is now much better and can maintain a better swing with less compensation and hit draws better than ever (as they require a better technique, for the body to leave room for the arms, as apposed to a fayde which comes from the outside and stays in front of the body).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the benefits of an interlocking grip are keeping your hands closer together, levelling out your shoulders and the ability to hold onto the club securely but softly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7670" LastEditorUserId="7670" LastEditDate="2014-12-07T11:37:26.933" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T11:37:26.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7269" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7271" CreationDate="2014-12-07T21:47:10.127" Score="6" ViewCount="8577" Body="&lt;p&gt;St. Louis Rams beat the Oakland Raiders in week 13 (of 2014 season) by a score of 52 to 0, and went on to beat Washington Redskins the following week 24 - 0.&#xA;Are the Rams the first team to win back to back games without allowing their opponents to  score any points? If not, what other teams accomplished this feat; and what is the longest streak of holding your opponents to no points in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-17T23:48:53.900" LastActivityDate="2020-07-17T23:48:53.900" Title="NFL teams with back to back shutouts" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4144" CreationDate="2014-12-07T23:15:12.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing I have learned on any touch shot, specifically on runners and full speed layups is to not push the ball forward. On a runner for example do not push the ball forward. If you are moving very fast use your momentum. If you are going forward when you shoot your momentum will carry the ball forward. No one I have ever met can stop quickly enough to need to push the ball forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I may have gotten off topic but for shooting @edmastermind29 is correct. You will almost never get that ideal shot where those tips are all that matters. The best way to improve your shot is to practice over and over for hours and hours; days and days. You will develop touch which will help you hit those tricky shots and become more comfortable with your shot. Just be sure to shoot with your fingers not your palm. Your palm is not capable of operating with the exact precision your fingers can for a shot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are all the tips I have. Good luck to you sir and anyone else who reads this. i hope it helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7672" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-12-07T23:28:42.893" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T23:28:42.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7269" CreationDate="2014-12-08T01:07:11.633" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Football_League_records_(team)&quot;&gt;Wikipedia list of NFL records by team&lt;/a&gt;, the &quot;Most Consecutive Shutout Games Won or Tied&quot; was 13 by the Akron Pros over the 1920 and 1921 seasons.  They finished the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Akron_Pros_season#Schedule&quot;&gt;1920 season&lt;/a&gt; with 5 straight shutouts (the last 2 were ties), and they started the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_Akron_Pros_season&quot;&gt;1921 season&lt;/a&gt; with 8 straight shutouts (the last one was a tie).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the most consecutive shutouts in the modern era is three.  This was accomplished by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_St._Louis_Cardinals_%28NFL%29_season&quot;&gt;1970 St.Louis Cardinals&lt;/a&gt; (3 straight shutout wins) and the 1976-77 Steelers (they had 3 straight shutout wins in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season#Schedule&quot;&gt;middle of the season&lt;/a&gt;, and also had 2 straight shutout wins at the end of the regular season and a shutout win in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season#Schedule&quot;&gt;week 1 of the 1977 season&lt;/a&gt;).  A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/sports/eagles/Blankety-Blank-1024.html&quot;&gt;philly.com article&lt;/a&gt; mentions this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The only NFL teams (since 1940) to have three consecutive shutouts were the 1970 Cardinals and the Steelers, who did it during Games 7-8-9 of the 1976 season and closed out that season with a pair (Games 13-14) and started 1977 with one (Game 1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-12-08T01:14:23.843" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T01:14:23.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7283" CreationDate="2014-12-08T12:09:43.707" Score="5" ViewCount="4289" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you often hear when a bowler bowls a batsman that &quot;he has castled him&quot;. Where does this term originate from and how has it come to be used in Cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an example in commentary.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIV5QPW7CCU&amp;amp;t=34s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIV5QPW7CCU&amp;amp;t=34s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7675" LastEditorUserId="7675" LastEditDate="2014-12-08T15:24:29.300" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T15:27:30.247" Title="Where does the term 'Castled' come from?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7264" CreationDate="2014-12-08T15:27:44.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The injury report dates back to &lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2007-11-22-injury-report-cover_N.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1947&lt;/a&gt;, after a player unexpectedly did not play in a game, which ended up having significant impacts to wagering over the game.  As such, the injury report serves the purpose of ensuring no funny business occurs related to injured players (not only that players who are expected to play do, and who are expected not to do not; but that all parties have equal knowledge, or at least as much as feasible.  Otherwise insider information could give some parties a significant edge - not that the NFL directly cares about this, but they do care about their image not being tarnished by accusations of teams hiding information to alter the betting line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as player safety, targeting an injured player is never legal.  I doubt injury reports help in this manner; if a player is sufficiently injured such that additional hits may injure him further, it likely will become obvious to players on the field based on how he comports himself and how he reacts to hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The USA today piece linked above has more information on the subject and is quite thorough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T15:27:44.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7280" CreationDate="2014-12-09T05:25:31.750" Score="6" ViewCount="13382" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the rankings explanation provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/standings/playoffrace&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS&lt;/a&gt; regarding the NFL playoff situation; CBS provides something regarding a common record:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Seattle is ahead of Detroit based on common games record (4-0 to the&#xA;  Lions' 2-2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a common games record? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="75" LastEditDate="2014-12-10T21:05:34.783" LastActivityDate="2019-12-04T22:51:04.910" Title="NFL the playoff race tie breakers regarding common games record" Tags="|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7284" CreationDate="2014-12-09T07:21:29.000" Score="3" ViewCount="5241" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, which I grew up with, it's always considered an advantage to bat second. In cricket I'd expect this to be even more true, because in addition to knowing what your target is when batting, you also have the possibility of forcing a draw if you find yourself losing. But I've noticed that captains who win the toss sometimes choose to bat first. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7676" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T04:25:09.313" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T00:48:37.443" Title="Why does anyone choose to bat first?" Tags="|cricket|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7276" CreationDate="2014-12-09T10:59:18.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am no expert but in a lot of cases it is because of conditions. If they feel the pitch will get worse they would prefer bat to in more consistent conditions. Or if the weather forecast is to change to or from inclement weather; eg heat or rain, they will want to bat/bowl under the conditions they can take advantage of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7670" LastActivityDate="2014-12-09T10:59:18.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7274" CreationDate="2014-12-09T12:45:27.560" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Common games&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL tie breaking rules&lt;/a&gt; are games that teams have with common opponents. For example, let's say that Team A and Team B are tied and are both in the running for a wildcard spot in the playoffs. Looking at each of their 16-game schedules, they have each played Teams C, D, E, and F at some point during the season. These are the common games. Team A beat teams C and D, but lost to E and F, for a common games record of 2-2. Team B beat D, but lost to C, E, and F, giving them a record of 1-3. Team A wins the tie breaker and goes into the playoffs, and team B is finished. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order for this particular tie breaker to be enforced, there needs to be a minimum of 4 games with common opponents between the two teams. If they don't have at least 4 common games, this tie breaker gets skipped. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this tiebreaker, what is compared is the percentage record. For example, let's say two teams in different divisions are tied for a wildcard spot. When looking at games against common opponents, one team has a record of 3-1, and the other team has a record of 3-2, having played one of the common teams twice. The 3-1 team would win the tiebreaker, having a better percentage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T03:45:53.677" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T03:45:53.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7276" CreationDate="2014-12-10T02:26:06.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In almost all conditions, the pitch will be better for batting first up. There will be few cracks for the ball to hit and it will be less likely to crumble and allow a lot of turn for spin bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, there is less scoreboard pressure. You can score at your own rate and not worry about time (In tests) or expectations based on the team who batted first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also fielding in Tests is hard work. Out in the sun all day while only 2 players of the batting side are out in the sun. Batting first might mean you stay fresh while the other team toils away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6056" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T02:26:06.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7303" CreationDate="2014-12-10T04:18:59.650" Score="3" ViewCount="1040" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen the videos where Graham Gooch is able to do easy throwdowns for batting practice - fast deliveries, slower ones, off-spinners, leg-spinners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you tell me how and when the ball is released from the sidearm? Is the sidearm merely a cup holder for the ball and the ball is just flung at the batsman? (similar to a trebuchet probably?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or, does the sidearm &lt;em&gt;clutch&lt;/em&gt; the ball and release it on a button press/release on the handle of the sidearm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJO2yaqNesk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sidearm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T14:49:55.447" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T14:49:55.447" Title="How does the Sidearm™ cricket ball thrower work?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7272" CreationDate="2014-12-10T04:27:01.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Castle&lt;/em&gt;[1] is used as a term that denotes the wicket that the batsman &lt;em&gt;guards&lt;/em&gt;. Hence, comes the verb &lt;em&gt;castled&lt;/em&gt; which refers to breaching the batsman's fort and disturbing his wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Origin of the word castle comes from the Latin word &lt;em&gt;castrum&lt;/em&gt;, which means fort. I do not know the details of the first recorded usage of castle in a cricketing context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dictionarycentral.com/definition/castle.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.dictionarycentral.com/definition/castle.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T04:27:01.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7276" CreationDate="2014-12-10T06:01:29.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, in Cricket, it is not always the case of win the toss &amp;amp; bat first or win the toss &amp;amp; bat second. The case, sometimes is also, win the toss &#xA;and bowl first or win the toss and bowl second. Whether the decision is emphasized by bowling or batting completely depends on the pitch conditions&#xA;and weather.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us take the case of Test cricket first.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conditions like Australia, New Zealand, South Africa &amp;amp; England, where the pitch is&#xA;more hard &amp;amp; grassy, that helps a fast bowler in swing &amp;amp; seam bowling. Since the game starts early, the grass is fresh &amp;amp; moist &amp;amp; aids swing &amp;amp; seam,&#xA;hence in these particular countries, the decision is, mostly, win the toss &amp;amp; bowl first. That means, the batting, invariably, comes second.&#xA;Also, the pitches in these regions dont crack much &amp;amp; dont deteriorate even on day 5, so batting last on day 5 is not that troublesome. Thus, most &#xA;captains win the toss &amp;amp; choose to bowl first.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the contrary, in places like India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, pitches are dry, dusty &amp;amp; less grassy, naturally conducive to spin bowling rather&#xA;than fast bowling. Also, the pitch is a death trap on day 5. Only a handful of teams have managed to win a game chasing a decent score on day 5.&#xA;Thus, in these countries, the emphasis is on batting. Mostly, captains who win the toss, chooses to bat first.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming to One Day Internationals,   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision is heavily tilted in favor of batting rather than bowling. So the decision to bat first or second,&#xA;on winning the toss, depends on the situation of the tournament &amp;amp; the kind of players in the team &amp;amp; less on the pitch &amp;amp; country.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it must be said that for stadiums, that are located in tropical climate with high humidity, in winter season, and in day-night matches,&#xA;the decision after winning the toss depends on dew factor. If there is going to be dew in the night session, most teams choose to bat second&#xA;after winning the toss, as it is very hard to bowl with a wet ball. The bowl doest swing, seam or spin as it becomes heavy with water. So,&#xA;batting in the dew is easy.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in non dew conditions, the decision is on the stage of the tournament &amp;amp; the kind of players.&#xA;If you are in the finals, win the toss &amp;amp; bat first. Whatever score you put in, it takes nerves of steel from the opposition players to &#xA;chase it down especially if they lose early wickets. Also, if you have the players who own the factory that manufactures nerves of steel like&#xA;Micheal Bevan, Virat Kohli, MS Dhoni then yes, win the toss &amp;amp; bat second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T06:01:29.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7274" CreationDate="2014-12-10T06:20:36.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;common games would probably be their records against common opponents&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;packers &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;panthers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cardinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;giants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;seahawks are 4-0 and lions are 3-1 vs the four teams they have both played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7677" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T06:20:36.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7286" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-10T14:12:45.457" Score="3" ViewCount="2972" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been an actual baseball game which exactly matched the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lyricsfreak.com/m/meat+loaf/paradise+by+the+dashboard+light_20091297.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;call&lt;/a&gt; (scroll down to &lt;em&gt;Radio Broadcast&lt;/em&gt;) made by Phil Rizzuto in the &lt;em&gt;Meat Loaf&lt;/em&gt; song &lt;em&gt;Paradise by the Dashboard Light&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Namely: 2 outs, bases empty, bottom of the 9th -- a sliding double, stolen 3rd base, and a bunt up the 3rd base line for a suicide squeeze.  Doesn't seem likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="434" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-02-10T20:23:51.660" LastActivityDate="2020-04-20T05:18:52.710" Title="game matching Phil Rizzuto call in Meat Loaf song?" Tags="|baseball|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7124" CreationDate="2014-12-10T16:32:56.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If they are at the same level as you, but more aggressive, they will usually make more errors, so if you hang in there, and keep getting the ball back, they will tend to make mistakes. If they are really aggressive, they like to come to the net, so keep them back by hitting deep shots as much as possible, don't give them short balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T16:32:56.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5657" CreationDate="2014-12-10T16:43:26.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is that if a player wins the coin toss (racket spin), that player may:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Choose to serve or receive in the first game of the match, in which case the opponent shall choose the end of the court for the first game of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Choose end of the court, in which case the opponent chooses to serve or receive first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you choose the court side first, and if your are playing outside, you can pick a side that adds to your advantage, like wind direction or sun in your eyes, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending if you are a good server, or returner, you can choose to serve or return first. Also, letting your opponent serve first sometimes is an advantage because his serve might not be quite warmed up yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T16:43:26.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7286" CreationDate="2014-12-10T19:12:01.937" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: no, that play doesn't come from a specific game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The story behind the play can be found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=pearlman/070816&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, but below is the important bit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From all those days and nights in front of the television, Meat Loaf -- along with legendary song writer Jim Steinman -- pieced together what is, without question, the most famous baseball play-by-play call in the history of sexually themed rock 'n' roll songs...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rizzuto arrived at Manhattan's The Hit Factory one day in 1976, met with Meat Loaf and Steinman and read over his lines. He initially expected to sing something...then asked why every play was so close. When he finally recorded, Rizzuto's delivery was flat and wooden. &amp;quot;Just do it like it's a game,&amp;quot; Meat Loaf advised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Undaunted, I tried using Baseball-Reference.com's Play Index and Game Index, searching for a 1-0 walk-off win by the home team in 9 innings with at least 1 double, at least 1 stolen base, and without a home run. While I couldn't figure out how to search exclusively for a batter hitting a double to center field with two outs in the bottom of the 9th, advancing to 3rd on a stolen base, and then scoring on a suicide squeeze, I wanted to at least get a manageable list of games to individually check. From 1914-1977 (the year Meat Loaf's &lt;I&gt;Bat Out of Hell&lt;/I&gt; was released), there apparently are nine games that fit those criteria, but you need to be a subscriber to the site to get said list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T19:12:01.937" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4484" CreationDate="2014-12-11T08:14:02.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brands are meaningless. What you need to look at is PRICE, FUNCTIONS/FEATURES, READABILITY, EASE OF USE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So take various dive computers arrange them based on price range you can afford then see what features/functions each one has. Remove the computers that do not have the features you require. Then compare what is left out and see which one is best value for money, based on the criteria you deem important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestion/opinion is that a dive computer must be easy to read even at depth, must have a back light, must have audible warnings, must have adjustable warning settings, must give warnings for ascent rates, safety stops, exceeding depth &amp;amp; time on a dive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1387" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T08:14:02.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7295" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7335" CreationDate="2014-12-11T18:21:17.080" Score="9" ViewCount="5330" Body="&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, you could finish second even with 15 points. And win the group with just 5 points. But, in reality what are the records?&#xA;Is it Arsenal (with 13 points) this season and Monaco (with 11 points) this season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-12-16T07:56:53.613" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T23:25:57.067" Title="Highest Points to finish Runner-Up in Champions League Group? Lowest points to win Champions League Group?" Tags="|football|trivia|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7296" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-11T18:25:44.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; (called European Cup prior to 1992), its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15729/shot-on-target-with-deflection-a-goal-or-an-own-goal&quot;&gt;Shot on target with deflection - a goal or an own goal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can tag the question with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt; tag, if it asks/involves/implies UEFA's perspective on the matter, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8786/uefa-champions-league-goal-line-officials-position-on-the-field&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League Goal Line Officials Position on the Field&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, automatically tagging any question using this tag together with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt; tag is tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T19:14:15.473" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T19:14:15.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7297" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-11T18:25:44.747" Score="0" Body="Questions about the UEFA Champions League." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-11T18:25:44.747" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T18:25:44.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-12T01:33:48.867" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am analysing the serving &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x-XAtmPDNk&amp;amp;t=2m30s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; where the player gets angular momentum not towards the field but to the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R1p2V.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FAg8m.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where you see back pointing towards the side, bad. In comparison &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr07PuQojg0&amp;amp;t=1m12s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Federer 1m12s&lt;/a&gt; gets the momentum towards the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rDxhE.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/epTRi.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where you see the back pointing towards the back of the field after serving, good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the back direction after serving due to bad center of mass? How to fix it? And what is causing it with the red player?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T18:52:51.227" Title="What causes the imbalance where back points towards the side after serving?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7301" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7302" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" Score="0" Body="Questions about serving, the act of starting play. This tag must be combined with the sport in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T14:24:59.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7282" CreationDate="2014-12-12T16:44:45.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's essentially a cup with curved sides that provide a degree of grip to the ball.  The action of flicking the Sidearm at the batsman gives the ball enough momentum of it's own to break out of the cup and head to the batsman on it's own.  It's developed from a device used by dog owners to throw tennis balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T16:44:45.120" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7394" CreationDate="2014-12-12T16:59:57.883" Score="3" ViewCount="1582" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Test match, the pitch is rolled at the start of each day's play. When the ground provides multiple rollers, the captain of the side currently batting has the choice of rollers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Captains use this as a tactic on the 5th day in suitable situations. For example, when the batting side has a substantial lead (and a good bowling attack), he may choose to &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; declare before Stumps on Day 4, so that he can use the heavy roller on 5th day morning which would give additional assistance to the bowlers later on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is it allowed to declare the innings &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; after the pitch has been rolled, or does the batting side need to face at least one ball before declaring? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T12:55:10.933" Title="Declaring innings after the pitch is rolled?" Tags="|rules|cricket|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4924" CreationDate="2014-12-12T17:33:59.063" Score="7" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hashim Amla pays a fine for not wearing Castle logo: &lt;strong&gt;FALSE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: CSA's official Facebook page confirms this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/CricketSouthAfrica/posts/10151329288049351&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NQ7Ij.png&quot; alt=&quot;CSA comment on Hashim Amla&amp;#39;s fine.&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hashim Amla was fasting during the triple century against England: &lt;strong&gt;FALSE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: Cricinfo &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-south-africa-2012/engine/match/534225.html?innings=2;page=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;commentary&lt;/a&gt; during this game says the following: (see 76th over)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Firdose Moonda, our South Africa correspondent at The Oval, confirms that Amla (and Imran Tahir) are only fasting on non-match days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until there is evidence to the contrary, I consider CSA and Cricinfo's word to be reliable enough. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T17:33:59.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7309" CreationDate="2014-12-13T05:30:17.713" Score="-6" ViewCount="594" Body="&lt;p&gt;Michael Jordan played baseball, though he is a well-known basketball player.&#xA;Can a (professional) player of one sport play (professionally) in other sports?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Have any other players done so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7574" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T17:23:41.777" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T17:23:41.777" Title="Is a player of one sport allowed to play in another sport?" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-01-08T13:01:44.533" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7395" CreationDate="2014-12-13T05:53:11.003" Score="2" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also which Team scored Fours runs in a delivery by running the most time? and who all are the players scored the same for most times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3650" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-12-23T09:20:52.677" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T13:27:03.843" Title="How many times in Cricket Test Match have scored Four runs by running across the Wicket. Not as Boundaries?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7307" CreationDate="2014-12-13T06:10:56.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/sports/slide-show/slide-show-1-fifa-world-cup-fifa-5-facts-that-bind-cricket-and-the-football-world-cup-vieri-viv-richards-bucknor-mexican-wave-moore/20140625.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sir Vivian Richards&lt;/a&gt; (West Indian Cricketer) played Football World Cup    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sir Viv Richards&lt;/strong&gt;, the legendary West Indies batsman, had sublime footballing skills.He wasn’t just any footballer, but the only player&#xA;  to play in the football and cricket World Cups.The legendary batsman&#xA;  represented Antigua in the qualifying rounds of the 1974 football&#xA;  World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.womenfitness.net/ellyse_perry.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ellyse Alexandra Perry&lt;/a&gt; (Australian Cricketer) played Football World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ellyse Alexandra Perry&lt;/strong&gt; (born 3 November 1990) is an &lt;strong&gt;Australian sportswoman&lt;/strong&gt; who made her debut for both the &lt;em&gt;Australian cricket and&#xA;  football teams&lt;/em&gt; at the age of 16. She played her first cricket&#xA;  international in July 2007 before earning her first football cap for&#xA;  Australia a month later. Perry is the youngest person, male or female,&#xA;  to represent Australia in cricket and the first Australian woman to&#xA;  have appeared in both cricket and association football World Cups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3650" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T02:02:15.117" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T02:02:15.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7307" CreationDate="2014-12-13T14:57:38.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. A player is allowed to play more than one sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the well-known sports persons who play in more sports are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Baseball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sammy Byrd – won six PGA Tour events after retiring from baseball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basketball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nathaniel Clifton – played baseball in the Negro Leagues, before becoming the first African American to land a NBA contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boxing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adam Hollioake – Turned professional as a boxer in 2011 having captained the England ODI side in the 1990s. He subsequently turned professional at MMA&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chess&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sir George Thomas, 7th Baronet was twice British Chess Champion and a 21-time All-England Badminton champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cricket&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stuart Broad&lt;/strong&gt; - also played field hockey as a goalkeeper until 17, trialled for England&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don Bradman&lt;/strong&gt; - won the South Australian squash championship&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Johnny Douglas - England cricket captain and Olympic champion boxer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AB de Villiers&lt;/strong&gt; - South African cricket who still holds six national high-school records in swimming. Also excelled in badminton, tennis, golf, hockey, rugby and football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jonty Rhodes&lt;/strong&gt; - South African cricketer who was chosen as part of the national hockey team in the 1992 Olympic Games&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swimming&lt;/strong&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jehan Mubarak(Srilanka) started his sporting career as a swimmer and then became a cricketer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For full list &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multi-sport_athletes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;visit&lt;/a&gt; here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7689" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-06T09:18:22.573" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T09:18:22.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24957" CreationDate="2014-12-13T19:26:45.580" Score="9" ViewCount="1528" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve been finding it difficult to track my progress while swimming with a swimming cord. Is there a swim watch or tracker that can provide an estimate of the distance covered while training like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1EFkx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastActivityDate="2020-07-05T16:52:14.917" Title="How can one estimate distance covered while spot-swimming?" Tags="|equipment|training|strategy|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7315" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-14T04:35:29.973" Score="3" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;When fielding at point or cover, should I focus my eyes on the batsman and try to pick the ball up when it enters my visual field as it's been hit; or should I look at the bowler as he runs up and keep my eyes on the ball while it is traveling down the pitch towards the batsman, turning my head keep track of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I have tried both and it seems to be easier to focus on the batsman, however if the ball is hit hard then I don't pick it up until it's almost past me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7695" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T14:14:55.370" Title="Visual technique for fielding at point or cover" Tags="|cricket|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7316" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7317" CreationDate="2014-12-14T10:15:57.763" Score="5" ViewCount="31089" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is inspired by the fact that the NFC currently has six teams (all outside of the NFC South division) that could finish with an 11-5 record or better.  If that happened, one of those teams would miss the NFL playoffs because a team from the NFC South would take one of the playoff spots.  Currently it is possible for a team in the NFC South to make the playoffs with a 5-10-1 record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best record to miss the NFL playoffs, and what is the worst record to make the NFL playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T04:43:07.963" Title="What is the best record to miss and the worst record to make the NFL playoffs?" Tags="|trivia|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7316" CreationDate="2014-12-14T10:15:57.763" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballhof.com/history/2013/12/24/fact-or-fiction-an-11-5-team-has-missed-the-playoffs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt;, two teams with an 11-5 record have missed the NFL playoffs during the 16-game regular season era:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Denver Broncos (pictured) posted an 11-5 record in 1985 which placed them one game behind the Los Angeles Raiders in the AFC West. Denver lost out on the playoffs via tie breakers to the New York Jets and New England Patriots who also posted 11-5 records that season. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Patriots suffered a similar fate in 2008 when they finished 11-5 and missed the playoffs while the 8-8 San Diego Chargers won the AFC West. Although New England had the identical record as Miami and Baltimore, they lost out on the division crown to the Dolphins and the second wild-card spot to the Ravens based on conference records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the 16-game regular season era, there were three teams that finished with 11 wins that failed to make the playoffs, according to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/12/28/cardinals-can-become-third-11-5-team-to-miss-playoffs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ProFootballTalk article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three 11-win teams missed the playoffs in the old days, before the 16-game season and the expanded playoffs. The 1967 Baltimore Colts missed the playoffs at 11-1-2, the 1963 Green Bay Packers missed the playoffs at 11-2-1 and the 1962 Detroit Lions missed the playoffs at 11-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the worst team to make the playoffs, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-03/seahawks-make-nfl-playoffs-with-losing-record-as-10-6-giants-miss-out.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bloomberg article&lt;/a&gt; discussing Week 17 of the 2010 season says that only three teams with losing records have ever made the playoffs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Seattle Seahawks are going to the National Football League playoffs with a losing record, the first time that’s happened in a full season. [...] The Seahawks won the National Football Conference West Division by beating the St. Louis Rams 16-6 last night at Qwest Field in Seattle to finish 7-9 for the season. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only [other] time a team with a less-than .500 record made the NFL playoffs was 1982, when a players’ strike shortened the season to nine games. The Cleveland Browns and the Detroit Lions both reached the postseason with 4-5 records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 7-9 record has a .4375 winning percentage, and a 4-5 record has a 0.444 winning percentage, so that means the 2010 Seattle Seahawks at 7-9 have the worst record to ever make the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-12-14T10:15:57.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7327" CreationDate="2014-12-15T09:33:55.687" Score="2" ViewCount="774" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering how a paintball ball is flying&#xA;For example, does it fly straight, then up, then down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7699" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T15:34:13.227" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T16:02:06.920" Title="How does a paintball marker / ball / shot curve? e.g. what is its line of flight?" Tags="|shooting|paintball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2014-12-15T11:53:56.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this really depends on your ambitions. What is the purpose of you playing the game. I mean, really think about WHY you are playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why you are playing, but for most players (i think?) it's about doing something that makes you feel good. It's probably a mix of getting exercise, playing a game (games are fun), having fun with friends or improving yourself. You should sit down and figure out why you play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try and focus on achieving whatever the reason is you are playing. Getting mad, loosing temper/focus is probably not it. I know it's not as easy as saying &quot;Don't do that&quot;. Focus on the right things then you will have less time to rage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I play because i like the exercise, playing games and like to improve at just about anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I keep focus on working hard (giving me excellent exercise), trying to win gracefully - like i would in a board game or whatever (having fun) and finally trying out stuff, accepting if it fails - as long as i think it will improve my game in the long run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When i did my best but still failed i try to look back at it. It can be in the middle of a game (between points) or after a set or whole match. Even when i get home after practice or team tournaments. I try not to regret it - we all make mistakes - and really making mistakes is what helps us improve. I try and take what i can and try not to make same mistake again. It can really also help sometimes, even when stuff does not work out, to try and find ONE thing that did work. It could be one good stroke or placement after a stroke or even after loosing a ball - knowing why it happened and thinking up a strategy for next time. That is a win in itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I actually do the same when i'm having success. I try and figure out why it worked but also what could be improved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can almost always give yourself small wins. It doesn't have to be about the end result of the match - loosing to a better opponent is probably OK and loosing to someone not as good should give you stuff for thought. Analyze it in your head or ask someone after the match if they saw what the other guy did to mess you up and what you did wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7702" LastEditorUserId="7702" LastEditDate="2015-03-19T11:37:59.140" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T11:37:59.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7324" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-15T15:12:00.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Paintball is a competitive simulated-combat sport in which players carry a pneumatically-powered device somewhat resembling a firearm in form and operation, which launches .68-caliber frangible pigment-filled spheres (the eponymous &quot;paintballs&quot;). Players use these markers during the game to try to hit opposing players with a paintball such that the sphere breaks, leaving a bright &quot;splat&quot; of paint on the player's body or clothes. When hit in this way, the opposing player is eliminated from the game. As such, paintball is generally similar in objective to games of &quot;tag&quot;, except the &quot;tagging&quot; can occur across considerable distances. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The games played and equipment used are similar to those of its sister sport, Airsoft; however, Airsoft markers fire a smaller projectile at much higher velocities, and are typically used for more overtly military and law-enforcement simulation scenarios. Paintball players and equipment manufacturers have generally de-emphasised realism in the design of the markers, clothing and venues used for paintball, to create a more abstract game in the hope of garnering more public acceptance and support. However, &quot;milsim&quot; (military simulation) and other scenario-based equipment that use the larger paintball are still readily available, and are used in &quot;scenario&quot; games which can last for several days and involve hundreds or even thousands of participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the fundamental equipment in the game is a high-velocity projectile launcher powered by highly-compressed gases being directed at other humans, considerable attention is paid to safety. Players are required to wear, at a minimum, a rigid facemask with a polycarbonate eye shield and a guard covering the nose, mouth, cheeks, ears and temples, all sensitive parts of the body that are much more susceptible to severe injury if hit directly. Additional protective equipment commonly worn by players include padded/armored gloves, rigid chest/back plates, knee and elbow pads, neck protectors, steel-toed boots with ankle support, and athletic cups or pelvic protectors similar to those used by football, baseball and hockey players. Attention is often paid to the amount of soft material on the exterior surfaces of protective equipment; it can confer an unfair advantage to a player if they are wearing equipment that has too much padding, as this increases the rate of &quot;bounces&quot; (paintballs impacting a player but not breaking). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The markers themselves typically have numerous safety features, including tanks with overpressure reliefs and fiberglass-wrapped air tanks that resist fragmentation, safety locks that block or disconnect the trigger from the firing mechanism, as well as a &quot;barrel block&quot;, either a plug inserted in the barrel or a sock that fits over it, which prevents a paintball from leaving the barrel of an accidentally-triggered marker while in &quot;safe&quot; zones. A 280 feet-per-second speed limit for paintballs launched from markers is typically enforced at commercial paintball fields using chronographs to measure shot velocity, with virtually all airgun designs giving the player the opportunity to adjust ball speed by manipulating the firing mechanism, and then for the player or referee to &quot;lock out&quot; further changes to prevent tampering on the field. A minimum age is also typically imposed at commercial fields, and respectful, sportsmanlike behavior is expected of all participants at all times, with typically zero tolerance at commercial fields or tournaments for misuse of the markers or for fisticuffs between players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the impact of a paintball can produce a bruise, welt or even break the skin, the rate of injuries among players serious enough to require prompt medical attention is historically very low, and primarily similar to injuries common among other outdoor pursuits, namely sprains, broken extremities and concussions, typically sustained in falls or accidental collisions. Despite this, the sport typically has a somewhat negative public image, especially among gun control advocates and terrorist watch groups who see the sport as an opportunity for extremists to train in maneuvers against law enforcement or military units.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fields themselves can vary widely. The original form of the game was played in relatively unimproved wooded areas, with trees and brush providing the only cover. This style of field and play, known as &quot;woodsball&quot;, is still very common especially in scenario events, however to make the game more spectator-friendly and reduce incidental injuries from trips and collisions, styles of play were developed using more prepared fields using artificial &quot;bunkers&quot; of varying construction as cover, culminating in the introduction of a modular system of tethered inflatable obstacles in a style known as &quot;airball&quot;. It is this style that is most often seen at the professional level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most basic game format commonly played is &quot;elimination&quot;; players are split into two teams, sent to opposite ends of the field, and the objective is simply to eliminate all players on the opposing team by marking them with paint. While eliminating all players is typically a secondary winning condition for other game formats, the most common game formats are variations of &quot;capture the flag&quot;, in which the objective for each team is to take a fluttering cloth &quot;flag&quot; from its initial position on the field (often the opponent's base) to some goal position (your own base) without the person carrying the flag getting hit. The format seen in most professional play is a variant called &quot;center flag&quot;, where a single flag is placed in the center of the field and the objective for each team is to cross the field, claiming the flag and hanging it from some fixture at the opponent's base. The primary professional game format, &quot;XBall&quot;, basically consists of several rounds of center flag being played consecutively during a set total game time, with the team that has won the most rounds in that time winning the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paintball is primarily played by teenagers and young adults, with older players including parents of younger players also enjoying the sport. A reasonable amount of physical ability is required to play at even recreational levels, and this along with the emphasis on safety often often excludes the very young or very old. Recreational fields can be found in most major metropolitan areas, with rental equipment for casual players; more regular players often own their own markers and protective equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the high-level amateur and professional levels, play is governed by several competing leagues, the two most popular tournament leagues being the National Paintball Player's League or NPPL, and Paintball Sports Promotions or PSP. These leagues consist of several divisions in varying formats (often 3, 5, and 7-man teams), from local and regional &quot;weekend warrior&quot; amateur teams to globally-touring professionals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The leagues and play formats have varying rules about allowable features of the markers used; technology has dramatically improved the rate of fire of even low-end paintball markers by using electronically-controlled firing mechanisms and motorized loading systems, so tournament rules often limit the rate of fire to prevent players with more expensive equipment having a distinct unfair advantage. Despite this, most leagues allow for enhancements that increase rate of fire compared to &quot;semi-automatic&quot; action, where one trigger pull always fires one ball. The primary enhanced fire mode used today is known as &quot;ramping&quot;; given a minimum rate of trigger pulls per second by the player, such as 6 or 8, the marker will automatically &quot;ramp up&quot; to a higher rate of fire than the player is pulling the trigger, up to 15 &quot;balls per second&quot; or bps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T08:12:47.980" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T08:12:47.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7325" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-15T15:12:00.583" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of paintball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T15:12:00.583" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T15:12:00.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7328" CreationDate="2014-12-15T15:53:11.773" Score="28" ViewCount="9837" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, at the end of the Packers-Bills game (2014 Week 15), Rodgers fumbled into his own endzone. Eddie Lacy recovered it, but was unable to fight his way out, resulting in a game-winning safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The TV coverage pointed out an interesting wrinkle: even if he had made it out, it still would have been considered a safety, due to this section of &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-6.-fumble-after-two-minute-warning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL's fumble rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any player fumbles after the two-minute warning in a half, only the&#xA;fumbling player is permitted to recover and/or advance the ball. If&#xA;recovered by any other offensive player, the ball is dead at the spot&#xA;of the fumble unless it is recovered behind the spot of the fumble. In&#xA;that case, the ball is dead at the spot of recovery. Any defensive&#xA;player may recover and/or advance any fumble at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to be little-known enough that Lacy himself didn't know it, since his recovery of the ball was what ended the play and sealed the game. Only Rodgers could have run it out of the endzone to avoid the loss. Of course, in the actual game, the outcome was inevitable, because Rodgers had no idea where the ball was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that this rule exists to discourage &amp;quot;intentional fumbling&amp;quot; in desperate situations. Is that right? Does anyone know when it was added, and whether the league ever had an &amp;quot;intentional fumbling&amp;quot; problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7704" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T17:20:09.397" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T17:20:09.397" Title="What's the justification for this rarely-invoked NFL fumble rule?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7320" CreationDate="2014-12-15T16:02:06.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This really depends on your barrel shape and the angle at which you fire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The natural ballistic path of a paint ball (with nothing special done in the barrel), is to fly straight, and then down (really it's an arced trajectory that is the downward half of a parabolic curve). The downward motion is caused by gravity so the motion is governed by the basic ballistic equation. (d =  vt-32.2t^2+h where h is the initial height in ft, t is time in seconds and v is initial (muzzle) velocity in fps and d is the distance in feet traveled at time t). This equation assumes you are shooting flat straight, however, if you are shooting up, then you need two factors in your velocity to account for the upwards and outward velocity, this can be determined using trigonometry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More complicated barrel configurations may have rifling that causes the ball to spin coming out of the barrel causing it to have angular momentum that counteracts the initial effects of gravity and give it a longer straighter trajectory (this is mostly to counter the wind though, not necessarily gravity)   Other barrels put backspin on the ball which causes it to have angular momentum against gravity again allowing for a longer trajectory in the ballistic arc. Both of these motion types introduce spin on the ball and complicate the equations governing the ball's fall in a way that is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; easy to write out an equation for (the basic ballistic equation is basically universal, the equations for these would not be).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; factors that complicate the trajectory as well. The most notable factor is wind. If you are playing indoors, this is probably not a concern, but outdoors, especially in windy conditions can make shots very wild and must be compensated for. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T16:02:06.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7326" CreationDate="2014-12-15T17:56:53.307" Score="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question(s), the rule is to discourage intentional fumbling.  It was added following the 1978 season in which the famous &quot;Holy Roller&quot; play occurred:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule was put in the rule book after the Raiders beat the Chargers on an intentional forward fumble in 1978.  Once the season was over, the rule as you have quoted was put into effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Losing 20 to 14 with a few seconds remaining in the game, the Raiders QB Ken Stabler fumbled the ball forward from the 24 yard line.  From there two of his teammates batted the ball towards and into the end zone.  The Raider's Dave Casper fell on the ball in the end zone and the following extra point won the game, 21-20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballhof.com/history/2005/1/1/1737/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;After the game, Stabler admitted to fumbling on purpose.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roller_%28American_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki on Holy Roller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTxi_gYWyyI&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video of the play&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="11705" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:09:29.497" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:09:29.497" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7332" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7340" CreationDate="2014-12-15T21:25:07.953" Score="4" ViewCount="649" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball goes to my forehand, I find it more comfortable to use a really junky slice to their backhand, or depending where they are at the net. I find that they get to the ball, but mishit it 95% of the time when I put a wicked backspin on it, the ball goes straight to their side of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I put a low topspin to their feet, they usually miss it, instead of mishitting it, but the ball doesn't end up in the net, sometimes they hit it up, and out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: Which shot is better to hit when your opponent is at the net, backspin or topspin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T08:20:52.173" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T08:20:52.173" Title="Which is more effective against a net volleyer, backspin or topspin?" Tags="|tennis|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7255" CreationDate="2014-12-15T21:36:22.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Get a basket of balls, go out to the court, and just practice them. Give the ball a high bounce. Set a specific target to hit, like try hitting the corner sides of the service lines. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T21:36:22.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7332" CreationDate="2014-12-15T22:47:46.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best answer I can give is &quot;it depends&quot;. Most decisions made about what type of shot to hit in tennis are situational and depend on a variety of factors. If I'm playing someone and they come to net there are lots of things to think through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How skilled is my opponent at the net (and at tennis in general)? How good are they at hitting an overhead if I hit a lob?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How good am I at hitting the shot I intend to hit? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, hitting a slice (a.k.a &quot;backspin&quot;) is the easier shot for your opponent to volley, because it will have less pace on it and the trajectory/path of the ball will change less than on a topspin shot. It's also generally easier for your opponent to control the direction of the volley when you hit a slice as well because of less pace on your shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're good enough to accurately hit a topspin shot where you mean to (down the line or where ever is out of reach for your opponent) then I'd say, hit that. Or if you're good at hitting a topspin lob, hit that. Sometimes you have to try different shots to get a feel for your opponent's skills as well so you might change your tactics from what they were initially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know for me personally (I'm about a 4.0 to 4.5 level player) I would have no problem with volleying a slice shot from my opponent - those are actually the kind of shots I try to come to net on, if I can anticipate my opponent hitting one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if I'm playing doubles, I tend to lob more since there are 2 people at the net. If I'm playing singles, I'll try more passing shots since there's more room to hit past my opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I noticed that my opponent has a weak overhead, I'll lob more since it's an easy shot for me to hit and I'm not that likely to lose the point off of their overhead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully these examples show you how different things factor into shot selection. There really isn't a &quot;best&quot; shot you can teach or recommend for all situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T22:47:46.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7295" CreationDate="2014-12-15T23:32:12.227" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most points achieved in the group stage, not winning the group (2nd): Manchester City, 15, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most points achieved in the group stage, yet knocked out (3rd): Napoli, 12, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fewest points achieved in the first group stage, yet won the group: Juventus, 8, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998-1999&lt;/a&gt; and Milan, 8, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993-1994&lt;/a&gt;.‡&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fewest points achieved in the second group stage: Valencia, 9, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_UEFA_Champions_League_second_group_stage#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002-2003&lt;/a&gt; and Barcelona, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_UEFA_Champions_League_second_group_stage#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001-2002&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fewest points achieved in the group stage, yet advanced: Milan, 5, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994-1995&lt;/a&gt;.‡&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;‡ &lt;em&gt;Prior to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995-1996&lt;/a&gt; season two points were awarded for a win instead of three.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_records_and_statistics#Most_points_achieved.2C_yet_knocked_out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6433" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T23:25:57.067" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T23:25:57.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7336" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7339" CreationDate="2014-12-16T05:14:55.960" Score="6" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it that sports leagues are able to fine players for things like expressing their displeasure with the league or its employees, or wearing the wrong clothes? There must be some sort of special employee-employer thing going on, because I can't imagine any employer I've ever had being legally able to fine me for legally protected speech. Is this something the unions agree to on collective bargaining? Is there standard boiler-plate language in every contract?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: I'm referring to the US-based leagues (MLB, NHL, NBA, NFL, MLS, WNBA) since they operate under US law. Leagues based in other countries may operate under different legal regimes and therefore may have different ways of doing things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:26:02.877" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T06:26:02.877" Title="What is the legal basis for fining players for out-of-game actions?" Tags="|labor-relations|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5591" CreationDate="2014-12-16T06:14:33.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Check your barrel for scratches (replace it if you find any)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clean your barrel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rotate the barrel a little bit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Try using heavier balls&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it doesn't help, try using elastic (silicon) hop-up rubber&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7698" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T06:14:33.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5593" CreationDate="2014-12-16T06:29:29.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Always wear special thermal underwear; it is very thin, but keeps you warm even at -30°C.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't forget about socks; you won't feel foot hits anyway because of boots, so it's ok to wear thick socks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A military-like watch cap is also good.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: My own winter-time airsoft experience&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2Wit8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Underwear&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wMDXW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Cap&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7698" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-15T06:21:06.027" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T06:21:06.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7336" CreationDate="2014-12-16T08:28:07.780" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of the NHL, this is definitely covered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlpa.com/inside-nhlpa/collective-bargaining-agreement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBA&lt;/a&gt;, in particular section 18-A.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever the Commissioner determines that a Player [...] has been or is guilty of conduct (whether during or outside the playing season) that is detrimental to or against the welfare of the League or the game of hockey, he may discipline such Player in any or all of the following respects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) by imposing a fine on the Player not exceeding the maximum permissible fine&#xA;under Section 18.7(b).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/info/cba.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Basic Agreement&lt;/a&gt; contains similar language in Article XII - B:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players may be disciplined for just cause for conduct that is materially&#xA;detrimental or materially prejudicial to the best interests of Baseball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &amp;quot;discipline&amp;quot; can include a fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the NFL, &amp;quot;conduct detrimental to the Club&amp;quot; can result in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maximum fine of an amount equal to one week’s salary and/or suspension without pay for a period not to exceed four (4) weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/collective-bargaining-agreement-2011-2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 42 1(a)(xv) of the NFL CBA&lt;/a&gt;. Note that this is what may be imposed by a club; I don't believe there are any limits to the discipline that the league / the Commissioner can impose specified in the CBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:03:12.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7332" CreationDate="2014-12-16T09:13:53.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the answer depends greatly on your skill, the volleyer's skill, and your respective positions on the court, conventional wisdom says topspin if you can hit it well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Topspin causes the ball to drop quickly (because, moving forward through the air, the friction between the spinning ball and the air creates high pressure above the ball and low pressure beneath it), so if you can hit a shot that will peak on your side of the net, it will hopefully fall near the volleyer's feet. Backspin shots tend to float in the air (high pressure below, low pressure above), so the volleyer is more likely to hit a shot at eye- or shoulder-level. In general, any volley contacted above the net is offensive, and any volley hit below the net is defensive, as the volleyer will have to pop the ball up. So a topspin ball that lands near a volleyer's feet is the hardest for him/her to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T09:13:53.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2014-12-16T13:52:44.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should have a look at some professional sports psychologist. In particular Greg Dale from Duke University is particularly good. There is no shortage of research done on this topic. A couple of the most powerful tools are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Visualization: if you want to stay cool in a match imagine yourself doing so before the game. There is a story that Michael Jordan would visualize games so vividly that he could smell the gum of his opponents. There are many studies showing the effectiveness in visualization. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The three second rule: after making a mistake allow yourself three seconds to reflect on that mistake. Imagine what the correct action would have been in three seconds and then remove that mistake from your memory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7714" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T13:52:44.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7342" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7343" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" Score="0" Body="Questions about the legal rights with respect to those who participate in sports leagues." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T14:43:34.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="236" CreationDate="2014-12-16T21:11:29.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry I can't comment on &lt;code&gt;wax eagle&lt;/code&gt;'s answer, as I don't have 50 rep; I did, however, want to note that in 2013 the NFL added formation requirements to the Defense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ILLEGAL FORMATION: The defense cannot have more than six players on the line of scrimmage on either side of the snapper during kicking plays. This rule is designed to protect players who are in a vulnerable position. Violations of this rule will result in a five-yard penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/04/sports/la-sp-nfl-rule-changes-20130905&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rules changes take effect, with greater player safety a goal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some additional ways to view valid formation for offense at different levels:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fewer than 7 players line up on the line of scrimmage (NFL/High School); more than four players in the backfield (NCAA only); eligible receivers fail to line up as the leftmost and rightmost players on the line in the NFL; or when five properly numbered ineligible players fail to line up on the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_(gridiron_football)#List_of_penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of penalties: Wikipedia's article on &lt;em&gt;Penalty (gridiron football)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-11-22T14:26:15.980" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T14:26:15.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7348" CreationDate="2014-12-17T13:34:42.907" Score="8" ViewCount="3487" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8-ball pool, if I fail a called shot, the turn passes to my opponent. There is also the option of calling safety, in which case the turn will pass to my opponent as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the advantage of calling safety? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7722" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T15:59:39.047" Title="Why call 'safety' if the turn will pass to the opponent anyway after failing a called shot?" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7315" CreationDate="2014-12-17T14:14:55.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally I always watch the batsman whenever I'm fielding in line with or in front of the bat.  Trying to watch the ball places you at a disadvantage as you can take more cues about the shot from the way the batsman is setting themselves up.  If you try and watch the ball from the bowlers hand you can only react to whatever happens, if you watch the batsman you can anticipate the shot and give yourself a chance to set yourself for the sort of shot they look to be playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T14:14:55.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7346" CreationDate="2014-12-17T15:59:39.047" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Calling a safety guarantees that the turn will pass to your opponent, &lt;em&gt;even if you make a ball&lt;/em&gt;.  This can be helpful when you know that you will make your ball, and then leave yourself in an untenable position (somewhere that you will not be able to make a legitimate shot, and will be forced to scratch), or if you can do the same to your opponent (intentionally place the cue in a position where he/she will be likely to scratch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T15:59:39.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7352" CreationDate="2014-12-17T17:22:45.293" Score="10" ViewCount="10609" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jV02cGw-PvQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jon Gruden interview on ESPN&lt;/a&gt;, he calls a play Spider 2 Y Banana.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no idea what to make of this. What do the words even reference, and what do they mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1739" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T14:51:40.113" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T14:51:40.113" Title="What is the Spider 2 Y Banana?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-17T17:45:51.417" Score="5" ViewCount="1452" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happens quite often that a tennis tournament is not finished on Sunday. Due to weather or other reason. A few examples (I wanted to include various leves - Grand Slam, ATP Tour, ATP Challenger Tour; I have no doubt that many other examples can be found):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2012 US Open &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the final match&lt;/a&gt; between Andy Murray and Novak Djokovic was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_US_Open_(tennis)#Day_15_.28September_10.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;played on Monday, September 10&lt;/a&gt;..&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Internazionali_BNL_d&amp;#39;Italia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia&lt;/a&gt; the men's final was played on Monday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The final of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Traralgon_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 Traralgon Challenger&lt;/a&gt; was suspended on Sunday and finished on Monday. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/216537-yuki-bhambri-wins-second-atp-challenger-title&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://ibnlive.in.com/news/yuki-bhambri-wins-traralgon-challenger-title/432189-5-22.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How are the rankings calculated when some event has not been finished on Sunday? Will they be published as scheduled, or only after the event is finished? Are the rules different for events of different levels (Grand Slams, Masters, ATP Tour, Challengers)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The solutions which I could imagine could be: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delaying publishing new rankings.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not dropping the last year's points for the players still active in the tournament.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dropping the last year's points for the players still active in the tournament, but counting the points which they already have from the current edition. (I.e., if the final is finished after publishing the new rankings, the finalist would both have points for the final, in the following edition the winner would get more points.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;I am aware of the fact that this is a non-issue for futures, since the points for futures tournamets are counted with one week delay anyway. According to 2014 ATP Rulebook, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/163706/163706.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chapter IX. Emirates ATP Rankings&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;The Emirates ATP Rankings or Emirates ATP Doubles Rankings period is the immediate past 52 weeks, except for: a) Barclays ATP World Tour Finals, singles and doubles, which is dropped on the Monday following the last ATP World Tour event of the following year. b) Futures Series tournaments that are only entered into the system on the second Monday following the tournament’s week.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-12-18T05:43:25.547" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T08:00:39.087" Title="How are points in the ATP/WTA ranking computed in case tournament final is delayed (and finished during the following week)?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7349" CreationDate="2014-12-17T19:51:41.947" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an example of play calling in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.westcoastoffense.com/terminology.htm&quot;&gt;West Coast Offense&lt;/a&gt;.  The play call itself could be called something else in another offensive scheme.  Here is a breakdown of the playcall and terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spider&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the protection or blocking scheme depending on if it is a run or pass.  In this case, spider means a slide in the pass protection.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the series of plays.  Each series has different characteristics as well as being designated as run or pass series.  In this case, 2 means a play action pass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Y Banana&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a route combination.  This designates the routes for the receivers to run.  In this case Y Banana means the &quot;Y&quot; receiver (tight end in this case, but not always) will run a &quot;Banana&quot; route (similar to a rounded off corner route, looks like a banana).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This play would be preceded by calling out a formation.  An example is &quot;&lt;em&gt;Green Right Strong Slot &lt;strong&gt;Spider Y 2 Banana&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  Green right strong slot is the formation that the offense will line up in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The play unfolds as a play action power run with the halfback, the full back shows block and continues into the flat and is the primary receiver.  The secondary receiver is the tight end (Y receiver).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The video shows the play that unfolds with the quarterback throwing to the tight end on the banana route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T19:51:41.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-12-17T21:13:01.263" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the final match is delayed for some reason, or not played until the next day (Monday) - the new rankings will be delayed also and not published until the winners of the tournament final(s) are determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Men's US Open final has been played on Monday the past 4 years now - let's use that tournament as an example. This year (2014), the tournament started on Monday Aug 25th and the Men's final was played on Monday, Sep 8th, with Marin Cilic winning the title - which comes along with 2,000 rankings points for being the champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankDate=2014-08-25&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cilic's ranking and points going into the tournament&lt;/a&gt; (for the week starting Aug. 25th) - he's ranked #16 with 1,845 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, if you look at the rankings that were published &quot;after&quot; the US Open - for the week starting September 8th - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankDate=2014-09-08&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;his ranking there is #9 and he has 3,845 points&lt;/a&gt; - up 2,000 points for his US Open title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, even though the Men's US Open final was played on the day representing the rankings for that week, the results were still taken into consideration for that week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps - let me know if you have any other questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Also, just to clarify something - rankings points earned from playing the tournament the previous year drop off of every players total before the tournament begins, so no players are still carrying around any points from the previous year once the tournament has started. I.E. points earned from a players 2014 US Open result will drop off before they begin playing in the 2015 US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-11T08:00:39.087" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T08:00:39.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7313" CreationDate="2014-12-18T00:07:49.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've not used it, but the FINIS Swimsense watch claims to count strokes (and laps and distance and...) which then can be uploaded to a computer.  There are also on-finger counters, although those might be more applicable to lab counting and not your application unless you really like twitching your fingers...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Timed swimming on the cord, compared with known times for measured distances free swimming, might get you an estimate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I find that swimming on a cord has a very different effort-to-stroke ratio than regular lap swims - it is more like using paddles in terms of what my shoulders feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T00:07:49.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7365" CreationDate="2014-12-19T00:59:21.193" Score="6" ViewCount="3119" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know nothing about cricket, I'm just trying to understand what &amp;quot;batting average&amp;quot; means. By checking &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average#Leading_Test_batting_averages_ranked_in_order_of_average&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this table&lt;/a&gt;, I noticed that the batting average can be calculated by &lt;code&gt;Ave = Runs/(Innings - N.O.)&lt;/code&gt;. The histogram bellow is scaled from 0 to 100, with Bradman at 99.94:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4b1AG.png&quot; alt=&quot;batting average&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also read &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Bradman#Century_of_centuries_and_.22The_Invincibles.22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An England batting collapse resulted in an innings defeat, denying Bradman the opportunity to bat again and so his career average finished at 99.94; if he had scored just four runs in his last innings, it would have been 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of that made me think that 100 was the maximum possible batting average.. until I read this &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_(cricket)#Significant_ducks&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Australia's first innings, Bradman was bowled for a duck by Eric Hollies, causing his Test average to fall from 101.39 to 99.94; had he scored just four runs, his average would have been 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is 100 the maximum possible batting average?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7729" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T09:56:52.560" Title="Is 100 the maximum possible batting average?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2014-12-19T01:19:54.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on my experience with my tennis career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During crucial points like breakpoints and set points, this is the most fun part. I enjoy being in this situation because honestly during badminton/tennis games, in my opinion 70% mental - 30% physical, if you have strong mental, you are more likely to win games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During this situation I tend to think of my strategy against my opponent and how I should outplay him, but my mentality is to stay calm and positive as much as possible. I don't rush things, well depends on the situation, I tend to hit his weaknesses or play defensively and force him to commit error. And when I'm in bad shape  like many unforced errors and quite disappointed, my mentality on that issue in order for me to control my temper is to take a deep breath and think what can I possibly do to make my gameplay effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, it's on the mental side, try to think positive as much as possible and this never say die attitude, and the most important thing is to have fun. Even though you lose a close match, there may be regrets during that phase but I can assure you, you're having fun on that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T18:24:58.530" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T18:24:58.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7298" CreationDate="2014-12-19T01:24:58.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the follow-through , the only way to fix it is to practice your serving motion and form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T01:24:58.017" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7298" CreationDate="2014-12-19T03:20:12.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to summarise points emerging in the other answer and its comments. Video shows possible weaknesses in &lt;strong&gt;Technique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;legs parallel the baseline and direction of the motion perpendicular the baseline&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which can be improved by &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stiff shoulder cuff that requires shoulder cuff trainings like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinterest.com/henrilosoi/rotator-cuff/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;hunched S-shaped back requires booty training like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinterest.com/henrilosoi/booty-training/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;explosive serving requires explosive squats like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dckzhtPCJI&amp;amp;t=1m16s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; where you use as many leg muscles as possible: use hypothrophy/power training using the glycogen energy reserves for the first serving while the second serving can be done with different technique with less power&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AGh7h.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2014-12-20T18:52:51.227" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T18:52:51.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-19T05:33:58.377" Score="2" ViewCount="894" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've tried both backhands but i prefer one-handed backhand because of reach and disguise of dropshots and mobility, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know one-handed backhand is dying art right now because it's hard to master rather than double-handed backhand which is easy to master and has more power in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis Freak which would you prefer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-12-21T09:45:02.653" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T04:18:59.870" Title="Which is better one-handed backhand or two-handed backhand?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-12-27T20:01:44.393" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7362" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-19T06:23:15.633" Score="4" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 6'2&quot;, 250 pounds. Are there any considerations to have in mind when choosing equipment since I am heavy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7735" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-19T15:14:15.677" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:40:57.843" Title="Snowboarding equipment for heavier individuals" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7357" CreationDate="2014-12-19T09:27:44.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you've already worked out, batting average in cricket isn't like that. As defined by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a player's batting average is the total number of runs he has scored divided by the number of times he has been out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-west-indies-2014-15/content/player/44936.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;AB de Villiers&lt;/a&gt; as an example, he has (as of 19th December 2014) scored 7296 runs in Test matches in 159 innings. In those innings, he's been &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;not out&lt;/a&gt; 16 times, so his Test match average is 7296 / (159 - 16) = 7296 / 143 = 51.02.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this means there is actually &lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt; maximum batting average - if a player is not out in &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; innings he's ever played (and has scored at least one run!), then his batting average would be infinite - and as I write this, this is actually the case for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/267479.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Stiaan van Zyl&lt;/a&gt;, who scored 101* (* after a score in cricket denotes not out) in his first and currently only test innings. Even ignoring that case, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/51874.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Andy Ganteaume&lt;/a&gt; scored 112 in his only test innings in 1948, thus formally giving him a test batting average of 112. The small number statistics here are why there's normally a minimum number of innings cut-off applied to things like this, after which Bradman has, by far and away, the best Test match average of all time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T09:27:44.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7357" CreationDate="2014-12-19T09:38:27.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, 100 is not the limit, because there is no maximum average. The batting average is calculated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ave = Runs/(Innings - N.O.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Runs:&lt;/strong&gt; There is no fixed limit of runs in an innings, and scores over 100 are possible. The current &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Test_cricket_records#Innings_or_series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;record in a test match&lt;/a&gt; is 400 runs by Brian Lara. So even discounting not outs, the average could be over 100. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Innings - N.O.&lt;/strong&gt; : This boosts the average if the player is not out. So if a batsman scored 50, then 60 Not Out, his average would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(50+60) / (2-1) = 110&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So either way, by scoring centuries, or accumulating not outs, your average can be over 100. As you note, Bradman's average going into the final match was above 100, and other players have averaged &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/cricket/michael-clarke-has-scored-1041-runs-at-an-average-of-11567-in-just-seven-tests/story-e6frg7rx-1226520714836?nk=1f7d9499dca11892afa5ba6f0ccc5d39&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;over 100 for a year &lt;/a&gt;, but nobody who has played multiple test matches has got close to matching Bradman's career test average&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2014-12-19T09:56:52.560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T09:56:52.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7357" CreationDate="2014-12-19T09:53:06.413" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, the maximum batting average is unlimited, but I would also like to explain the concept of batting average a bit more in detail.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batting average, as the name suggests, is the average score a batsman makes per innings during his career, and often serves as a measure of &quot;how good&quot; of a batsman he is, especially in comparison to others. (Hang on, I will come to the 'not out' in a moment.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, suppose a batsman makes following scores in 10 innings: 71, 142, 0, 7, 31, 94, 26, 75, 113, 57. His aggregate score over 10 innings is 616, and the batting average is 61.6. Making big scores (typically 400 or more in an innings) increases a team's chances of winning, so a batsman who can score about 61.6 runs per innings will definitely contribute to the team's wins more often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is a little complication, by way of 'not out'. Normally, a batsman can continue batting for as long as he likes until he gets out. However, a team's innings can end without all batsmen being dismissed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An innings ends when 10 batsmen of the team get out, leaving the 11th batsman as 'not out'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The captain of the batting side &lt;em&gt;declares the innings closed&lt;/em&gt; in order to give his bowlers enough time to get the opposing side's batsmen out. In such cases, both batsmen at the crease would be considered 'not out' (unless the declaration happens on the fall of a wicket, in which case, the only batsman remaining at the crease is 'not out').&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batting team achieves its target, in which case, both batsmen at the crease are 'not out'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The game is interrupted for any reason, such as rain, and never resumes. Again, the one or two batsmen at the crease are 'not out'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such cases, the batsman's innings is not considered as &quot;complete&quot; and so it was deemed &quot;unfair&quot; to bring down their batting average, by counting such innings in the denominator of batting average calculations. For example, if a batsman stays not out on 3, 1, 2, 4 in 4 innings, his batting average would be 2.50, which hardly tells us how good (or bad) a batsman he is. As some sort of compromise, it was decided to exclude such 'not out' scores from the calculations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result of this, batsmen who have played only a handful of innings could end up with a &quot;ridiculous&quot; average. For example, have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=batting_average;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; on Cricinfo Statsguru, where a few players have average close to the Don, and a couple of them even &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; than him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kSTIq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Batting averages&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such edge cases tend to make the statistical data less meaningful, so statisticians (and fans) typically include an additional criteria, such as batsman should score minimum 1000 runs or play at least 20 innings to be &quot;considered&quot;, and that's how, the Don's 99.94 is considered the greatest batting average. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T09:53:06.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-19T10:10:00.363" Score="7" ViewCount="652" Body="&lt;p&gt;This could be a &quot;hilarious&quot; use of the Decision Review System, but nonetheless I want to know if it is possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose both the batsmen run to the same end (mix-up, as commentators like to call it), and the fielding side puts down the wicket at one end. The on-field umpire declares one of the batsmen out. Can this batsman invoke DRS to challenge the umpire's decision, in effect, claiming that his partner should be out instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A non-hilarious scenario would be if a top-order batsman and a tailender gets involved in the mix-up, and the tailender is given out. The fielding captain might want to invoke the DRS to try to get the more skilled batsman out instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:19:44.253" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:19:44.253" Title="Can DRS be used to challenge which batsman was run out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10481" CreationDate="2014-12-19T14:40:26.223" Score="7" ViewCount="1017" Body="&lt;p&gt;What kind of strategy should you use when you play against someone who plays at a higher level than you, but is still beatable on a bad day? This particular player is very athletic, but she doesn't have topspin, doesn't have the best form, but just hits hard and flat, and gets to everything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have all the shots, but prefer the baseline. I am fast, but she has beaten me twice in the past, she's a little above my level, but still beatable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-19T15:11:01.700" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T18:53:47.763" Title="Playing against a very athletic player - singles tennis strategy" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7361" CreationDate="2014-12-19T21:23:04.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are just a casual player, I would say it's a matter of preference. I use a two-handed backhand for topspin and one-handed for slice, but I am old! The reason I prefer a two-handed backhand is because I save some of my right arm by leveraging my left arm (again, I am old...). I was also told that it's possible to make my backhand more powerful than my forehand that way, it's not there yet, but I am working on it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a good link with comparisons:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennismindgame.com/one-or-two-handed-backhand.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tennismindgame.com/one-or-two-handed-backhand.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article ends with the conclusion that you should use a one-handed backhand for slice, and a two-handed backhand for topspin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2014-12-19T21:41:30.507" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T21:41:30.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7366" CreationDate="2014-12-21T06:20:39.753" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On close runout calls On-filed umpires takes help from TV umpire, then there is no point of asking  DRS (because the same answer will come even if he asks for DRS). Even in the confusing situation (both batsman are at the same end) can be handled by taking help of TV umpire. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7739" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T06:20:39.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7372" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-21T19:07:09.923" Score="4" ViewCount="3411" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Kansas City Chiefs have not had a wide receiver catch a touchdown pass so far this season (through Week 15).  According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/teams/statistics?team=kc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;team stats&lt;/a&gt;, only running backs, fullbacks, and tight ends have caught a TD pass so far this season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/NFL_Stats/status/546739886670483456&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL_Stats twitter account&lt;/a&gt;, the Chiefs haven't had a WR catch a TD pass since December 8, 2013:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The #Chiefs have not had a WR catch a TD pass since December 8th, 2013&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is 17 straight regular season games without a WR catching a TD pass (the Chiefs did have a WR catch a TD pass in their playoff game last season).  A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.steelers.com/news/countdown-to-kickoff/article-1/Countdown-Steelers-vs-Chiefs/cca59ceb-f5d0-4a6e-bdd9-e146a460e0b4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;December 19 article&lt;/a&gt; on Steelers.com confirms this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Chiefs wide receiver hasn’t caught a touchdown pass in 17 straight games, since Dwayne Bowe on Dec. 8, 2013 at Washington.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has an NFL team ever gone an entire season without a wide receiver catching a touchdown pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the longest streak of games an NFL team has gone without a wide receiver catching a touchdown pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2014-12-21T19:20:13.100" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T06:13:48.737" Title="What is the longest an NFL team has gone without a WR TD catch?" Tags="|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7361" CreationDate="2014-12-22T04:18:59.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what i know from when i used to play, the two handed backhand is more used to drive the ball down to the end of the court to push your opponent around. Or to do those smashing shots downt the line when you've just been having an across court rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one handed though is used for drop shots just behind the net and to put backspin on the ball, BUT when i played in the past i could place the ball anywhere on the court within half a metre of where i was aiming. So i think that the one handed backhand is just for placement, and if your opponent is up at the net, the one-handed backhand should be the better of the two to go up over him/her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each backhand is obviously better than the other in different situations but i recon that if i had to play a full game only using only the two handed backhand i would have a much bigger chance of winning than with just the one handed, so i would say the two handed backhand is  better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helped  :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T04:18:59.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7376" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-22T07:13:06.303" Score="2" ViewCount="1461" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fielder took the catch and made two steps backward and made contact with the boundary rope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be declared as a six or four? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7746" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T15:56:12.283" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T11:55:17.723" Title="A fielder took the catch and made two steps backward and made contact with the boundary rope" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1000" CreationDate="2014-12-22T07:16:58.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;NASCAR etc always turn to the left due to the centrifugal pull of the motor (the internals of the motor are always turning in that direction). If you go to the right you will be turning against the pull of your engine.  Try it for yourself in your own car. The turn of the motor will push you into the left turn . Against to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7747" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T15:57:36.207" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T15:57:36.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7376" CreationDate="2014-12-22T07:52:26.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 19 (Boundaries)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) A Boundary 6 will be scored if and only if the ball has been&#xA;  struck by the bat and pitches beyond the boundary.  The ball is to be&#xA;  regarded as pitching beyond the boundary even though &lt;strong&gt;before it has&#xA;  pitched&lt;/strong&gt;, a fielder    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) &lt;strong&gt;catches it within the boundary but either has some part of his&#xA;  person touching the boundary or grounded beyond the boundary when he&#xA;  catches the ball or, after catching it, subsequently touches the&#xA;  boundary or grounds some part of his person beyond the boundary while&#xA;  carrying the ball but before completing the catch.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it will be considered as a &lt;strong&gt;SIX&lt;/strong&gt; because the ball didn't touch the ground at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T07:57:47.177" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T07:57:47.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7376" CreationDate="2014-12-22T13:32:51.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The act of making the catch, or of fielding the ball, shall start from the time when the ball first comes into contact with some part of a fielder’s person and shall end when a fielder obtains complete control both over the ball and over his own movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(19.4.ii)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if he steps out deliberately after having obtained completed control then it's out, if he steps out accidentally as part of the movement of the catch then it's a six.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7749" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T13:32:51.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7372" CreationDate="2014-12-22T16:06:10.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Has an NFL team ever gone an entire season without a wide receiver catching a touchdown pass?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014-12-28/kansas-city-chiefs-wide-receivers-touchdowns-catches-stats-numbers-alex-smith-season-andy-reid-dwayne-bowe-draft-pick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sporting News&lt;/a&gt;, three teams from before the NFL's modern era did that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;only three teams have gone through a season without a wide receiver catching a touchdown, and all of them played in a bygone era. The last team to do it was the Giants in 1964, when the Bears had the NFL's best passing offense at just over 200 yards per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.columbiamissourian.com/a/183160/chiefs-still-without-touchdown-catch-from-wide-receiver/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; mentions the two teams besides the 1964 Giants who did that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Delving further into history yields other teams, including 1960 Washington and 1950 Pittsburgh, who didn't have a &quot;wide receiver&quot; catch a TD pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That article also says that before 2014, no team had ever had fewer than 2 touchdown catches by a wide receiver in a 16 game season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fewest touchdown catches by a group of wide receivers in a 16-game season is two, set by the 1981 Saints and matched by the 2004 Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then in 2014, the Kansas City Chiefs went the entire season without a wide receiver catching a touchdown pass (from the Sporting News article):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Alex Smith hit wide receiver Dwayne Bowe for a 22-yard touchdown in the first quarter of a 45-10 win over the Redskins on Dec. 8, 2013. 385 days and 19 games later, we're still waiting to put &quot;Chiefs wide receiver&quot; and &quot;touchdown&quot; in the same sentence. [...] The Chiefs, eliminated from playoff contention after a Ravens win, officially finished an entire season without a WR catching a touchdown pass. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Chiefs finally ended the streak at 21 regular season games when WR Jeremy Maclin caught a TD pass in Week 3 of the 2015 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2015-10-04T06:13:48.737" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T06:13:48.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4324" CreationDate="2014-12-22T16:52:35.870" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is a tradition followed from other sports like football.&#xA;See the same question in football.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/663/why-do-players-enter-with-children-on-the-ground&quot;&gt;Why do players enter with children on the ground?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7750" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T16:52:35.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="550" CreationDate="2014-12-22T20:19:41.290" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The hole pattern is the same for NNN and SNS binding systems, but they are placed differently with reference to the balance point of the skis. In other words, the holes don't go in the same spot for the two systems. Plug the old holes and drip hot p-tex to seal them, then drill in the correct spot for your new system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7752" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T20:19:41.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-22T20:20:02.020" Score="4" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had a game the other night where the cue ball jumped off the table rolling on the wood surface and then hitting the metal silver lining around the pocket and returned to the bed of table, and I called foul. I was over ruled saying it didn't hit the floor and returned to the bed of table. Please, what is the correct call there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7753" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-12-23T04:31:15.047" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T18:47:18.140" Title="Cue ball foul in 8 ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7385" CreationDate="2014-12-22T21:59:00.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=123&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#8.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the rule book&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Driven off the Table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball is considered driven off the table if it comes to rest other&#xA;  than on the playing surface but is not pocketed. A ball is also&#xA;  considered driven off the table if it would have been driven off the&#xA;  table except for striking an object such as a light fixture, piece of&#xA;  chalk or a player which causes it to return to the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball that contacts the top of the rail is not considered to have&#xA;  been driven off the table if it returns to the playing surface or&#xA;  enters a pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not so clear cut, given your description, but I'd argue for foul if the ball would've fallen off the table had it not hit the part of the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T21:59:00.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="168" CreationDate="2014-12-23T04:43:15.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dave Feldberg recommends a stiff putter (at the time, he was encouraging the use of a KC Pro Aviar because of the stiffness) for the same reason Rob mentioned above - the release.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you have your putter in your hand, there should be no variance in the flight plate. A gummy putter will succumb to pressure on the top and bottom much more easily (imagine a ripple potato chip instead of a flat chip) and when you release the disc, the natural gumminess will make the disc revert back to its original position, altering the flight ever so slightly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Granted, if both discs were given the same exact flight path, a softer putter would do a better job of dispersing the energy of the disc hitting the chains better, but you're more likely to get consistent releases with a stiffer plastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7754" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T04:43:15.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7024" CreationDate="2014-12-23T04:55:21.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: if a batted ball is in foul territory and crosses back into fair territory before passing the 1st/3rd base (without the influence of a fielder), it is fair. If it passes back into fair territory after the base, it's foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, if a batted ball is fair but then proceeds to cross over into foul territory prior to passing the base (and without the influence of a fielder), it is declared foul as soon as it passes that base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a fly ball that bends around a bag while in the air, it all depends on whether the ball hits the ground in fair or foul territory once behind the bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7754" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T04:55:21.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7393" CreationDate="2014-12-23T05:03:16.973" Score="8" ViewCount="2999" Body="&lt;p&gt;When this question was first posed, no team whose home stadium is hosting the Super Bowl had ever made it to the Super Bowl. My question is, which team has come the closest? (Closest in this case means how far they got in the playoffs.) Some Wikipedia trawling led me to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_NFL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978 Super Bowl&lt;/a&gt;, played in Miami. The Dolphins made the playoffs that year, but they lost in the first round. Has any team ever gotten closer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T22:38:09.427" LastActivityDate="2022-02-14T03:41:07.707" Title="What is the closest any team has come to playing a home Super Bowl?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7390" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-23T05:09:41.940" Score="2" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the majority of companies use various blends of plastic, and Vibram is the only one who uses rubber (as far as I'm aware). Is there anything in writing from the PDGA that prohibits certain materials from being used in disc manufacturing? (Metals, cloth, wood, for example.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the PDGA tests each disc before approving them for tournament play, and each disc needs to pass tests regarding flexibility, but if a disc manufacturer could pass those tests with metal or wood, would they be PDGA approved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7754" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-12-23T05:29:32.620" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T18:37:30.143" Title="What other materials besides plastic can be used to produce PDGA discs?" Tags="|equipment|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7390" CreationDate="2014-12-23T06:00:18.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pdga.com/documents/pdga-technical-standards-manufacturers-guidelines&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PDGA Technical Standards, Rev. 5/14/2014&lt;/a&gt; contains this language on the material permissible for discs manufactured for PDGA competition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) be made of solid, non-magnetic plastic material, without any inflatable components. Electronic&#xA;  components may be embedded/inserted with none of its metal components externally exposed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Plastic&quot; is a pretty broad term.  It generally refers to a non-metallic material that can be molded.  Plastic can be based on natural or synthetic materials, and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vibramdiscgolf.com/discs.html#xlink&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;material that Vibram uses&lt;/a&gt; is a natural rubber-based plastic compound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess that a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;molded wood-based material&lt;/a&gt; would be permissible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Metal seems to be explicitly rejected.  There can be electronic components inside, but no metal exposed externally.  Part of this rule, I'm sure, is to prevent the disc from being magnetized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T06:00:18.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7402" CreationDate="2014-12-23T06:30:10.467" Score="7" ViewCount="20824" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happens a lot: a receiver catches the ball, drops it, it is called a fumble on the field. Then there is some expert commentator giving his opinion on whether the receiver made a 'football move' after catching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It came up with Texans v Colts this year. Johnson's drop was called a fumble, a talking head confidently stated it would be reversed because Johnson clearly didn't have possession and make a football move. It was not reversed. This happens a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this term 'football move' defined anywhere in the rule book? Are there explicit criteria to be applied? I looked in the online version and didn't find anything:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.info/download/2012MediaGuides/2013%20NFL%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.nfl.info/download/2012MediaGuides/2013%20NFL%20Rule%20Book.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7755" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-12-24T14:21:19.463" LastActivityDate="2022-12-22T08:29:46.893" Title="What is a &quot;football move&quot; in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7389" CreationDate="2014-12-23T07:08:08.147" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the first 54 Super Bowls, it was true that teams had never played the game in their home stadiums. Then it happened two years in a row:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Tampa Bay Buccaneers became the first team to play in a Super Bowl in their home stadium for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LV&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl LV&lt;/a&gt; during the 2020-21 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Los Angeles Rams played at home for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl LVI&lt;/a&gt; in the 2021-22 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of those teams won their home Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before that, teams entering the playoffs in a year that its stadium was hosting the Super Bowl were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl V (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E2%80%9371_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970-71&lt;/a&gt;) in Miami: Dolphins lost first round. (2 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl XIII (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978-79&lt;/a&gt;) in Miami: Dolphins lost first round. (3 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl XXIX (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994-95&lt;/a&gt;) in Miami: Dolphins lost second round (2 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl XXXIII (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998-99&lt;/a&gt;) in Miami: Dolphins lost second round (2 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl XXXV (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000-01&lt;/a&gt;) in Tampa Bay: Buccaneers lost first round (3 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl XLIX (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-15&lt;/a&gt;) in Arizona: Cardinals lost first round (3 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl LI (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-17&lt;/a&gt;) in Houston: Texans lost second round (2 games away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Super Bowl LII (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-18&lt;/a&gt;) in Minnesota: Vikings lost NFC championship (1 game away)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say that a home Super Bowl would be one that takes place in the same metro area as a team, then two other teams have had a home Super Bowl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XIV&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XIV&lt;/a&gt; (1979-80) at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California saw the L.A. Rams lose to Pittsburgh.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XIX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XIX&lt;/a&gt; (1984-85) was at Stanford Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area, and in it San Francisco beat Miami.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2022-02-14T03:41:07.707" LastActivityDate="2022-02-14T03:41:07.707" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7304" CreationDate="2014-12-23T10:17:52.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-14-declaration-and-forfeiture/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LAW 14 (DECLARATION AND FORFEITURE)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The captain of the side batting may declare an innings closed, when&#xA;  the ball is dead, at any time during the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket (Wikipedia)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 14, Declaration and forfeiture: The batting captain can declare an&#xA;  innings closed at any time when the ball is dead. He may also forfeit&#xA;  his innings before it has started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, captain can declare innings whenever he wants during the match. He can also choose this as tactic to declare innings in the morning to get maximum wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;History:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It happened several time in test cricket history. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://cricket.yahoo.com/postmatch-australia-vs-india_189336&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recent test match between India &amp;amp; Australia&lt;/a&gt; (First Test Match 9 Dec, 14 to 13 Dec, 14), Australia declared in their first inning before start of game on day 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Click here for LAW 23 (DEAD BALL)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastEditorUserId="1924" LastEditDate="2014-12-23T12:55:10.933" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T12:55:10.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7308" CreationDate="2014-12-23T11:59:50.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although not a very common occurrence, this phenomenon does feature quite a lot in test matches (especially on the bigger grounds like in Australia or England). Hence, there is almost no extra media attention whenever this occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, ball-by-ball information is not available for a substantial amount of test matches. Hence there is almost no way of answering your question quantitatively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T11:59:50.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7396" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-23T15:26:21.300" Score="7" ViewCount="22264" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the nfl calculate the Cincinati Bengals winning percentage with a 10-4-1 record as .700?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did the math with 14 and 15 games played and my numbers don't add up to their numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7756" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T23:57:42.173" Title="calculate winning percentage with a tie" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7396" CreationDate="2014-12-23T15:28:57.290" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ties are counted as half wins. So 10.5/15 = .7&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Credit to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mmqb.si.com/2014/12/22/a-repeat-possibility/5/&quot;&gt;Peter King's MMQB&lt;/a&gt; this week for pointing out the half win for a tie rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T15:28:57.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-24T00:33:52.073" Score="5" ViewCount="7700" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes in cricket a fielder immediately tosses the ball after legitimately catching it. Batsmen generally are out in such cases and I haven't yet seen anyone objecting to it. Is there a min requirement of time for the fielder to keep it in his/her hands? Also, What happens if the ball reaches/crosses boundary on such random throw ups in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7759" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2014-12-24T00:56:57.507" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T10:33:53.540" Title="Fielder tosses the ball after legitimate catch. What's the minimum time a fielder needs to hold the ball after the catch is taken?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7399" CreationDate="2014-12-24T09:32:46.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no minimum number of seconds in law - the general rule of thumb is that the fielder needs to be in control of the ball and control of his own movements. There have been occasions when a fielder tries to celebrate too early and drops the ball (Hershelle Gibbs in the World Cup a few years back, for instance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The boundary only comes into play if the ball touches the ground, so a clean catch is not possible then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T09:32:46.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7399" CreationDate="2014-12-24T09:40:24.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting relevant clause from the official discussion of &lt;em&gt;Law 32 (Caught)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws-in-action/law-32-in-action/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 32 in Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A Fair Catch A catch shall be considered to have been fairly made if:-&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The Fieldsman is within the field of play throughout the act of&#xA;  making the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) The act of making the catch shall start from the time when the&#xA;  Fieldsman first handles the ball and &lt;strong&gt;shall end when he both retains&#xA;  complete control over the further disposal of the ball&lt;/strong&gt; and remains&#xA;  within the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no &lt;em&gt;time limit&lt;/em&gt; for how long the fielder should hold on to the ball, but the umpire should be convinced that he was in complete control of the disposal of the ball after completing the catch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the add-on question of what happens if the random toss up lands the ball beyond the boundary, as Spinner pointed out in the comments, once dismissal is complete, the ball becomes dead, and where it goes after that is irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trivia&lt;/em&gt;: Perhaps the most famous instance when this came into prominence was when Herschelle Gibbs caught Steve Waugh during a Super Six match of the 1999 ODI World Cup. In his haste to celebrate, he threw the ball away without being in complete control of it. Steve Waugh was declared not out, and went on to win the game for Australia. The result of this match came back to haunt South Africa later as their semi-final game ended in a tie, and Australia qualified for final having beaten South Africa in the Super Six game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="796" LastEditDate="2014-12-24T10:33:53.540" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T10:33:53.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7392" CreationDate="2014-12-24T10:24:22.583" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot;&gt;2013 Official Playing Rules of the NFL&lt;/a&gt;, 8.1.3 covers the rules on a completed pass: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COMPLETED OR INTERCEPTED PASS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 3 Completed or Intercepted Pass.&lt;/strong&gt; A player who makes a catch may advance the ball. A forward pass is complete&#xA;  (by the offense) or intercepted (by the defense) if a player, who is inbounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) secures control of the ball in his hands or arms prior to the ball touching the ground; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) touches the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) maintains control of the ball long enough, after (a) and (b) have been fulfilled, to enable him to perform any act&#xA;  common to the game (i.e., maintaining control long enough to pitch it, pass it, advance with it, or avoid or ward off an&#xA;  opponent, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 1: It is not necessary that he commit such an act, provided that he maintains control of the ball long enough to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 2: If a player has control of the ball, a slight movement of the ball will not be considered a loss of possession. He must&#xA;  lose control of the ball in order to rule that there has been a loss of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7749" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2014-12-24T14:18:55.297" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T14:18:55.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7403" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-24T15:54:53.537" Score="2" ViewCount="1540" Body="&lt;p&gt;Few weeks ago Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers played his 100th career start, and with a win, he improved to 68-32; tying Brett Favre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top records for the first 100 career starts by a quarterback in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2014-12-25T10:32:58.783" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T10:32:58.783" Title="Best first 100 career starts by quarterbacks" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|nfl|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7403" CreationDate="2014-12-25T09:02:26.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.patriots.com/team/roster/tom-brady/272d4f2c-1bb9-4372-b02c-dfa3fa60575b/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patriots.com&lt;/a&gt;, the best record for a QB in his first 100 regular season starts during the Super Bowl era is 76-24, shared by Tom Brady and Roger Staubach:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Brady won 76 of his first 100 regular season starts, tying Roger Staubach’s mark for most victories by a quarterback in his first 100 starts during the Super Bowl Era (since 1966).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other data I could find is for &lt;strong&gt;active&lt;/strong&gt; QBs as of October 18, 2013 (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/dallas/nfl/story/_/id/9835748/dallas-cowboys-tony-romo-deserves-more-credit-makes-100th-career-nfl-start?src=mobile&amp;amp;rand=ref~%7B%22ref%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%22%7D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sqFie.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason you don't see Aaron Rodgers in that list is because he didn't start his 100th regular season game until this 2014 season.  The reason you don't see Brett Favre in that list is because he wasn't active in 2013 (he retired after the 2010 season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T09:02:26.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2014-12-25T15:24:58.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sad addition to the examples above are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Sheffield_Shield_season#Round_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all the Sheffield Shield matches in progress on 25 November 2014&lt;/a&gt;. Play in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/754899.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New South Wales vs South Australia match&lt;/a&gt; was abandoned for the day when Phillip Hughes was critically injured by a bouncer; all the other in progress matches were abandoned at the end of the day's play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="12664" LastEditDate="2017-01-07T17:04:57.250" LastActivityDate="2017-01-07T17:04:57.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7410" CreationDate="2014-12-26T04:21:25.883" Score="5" ViewCount="432" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard commentators and analysts refer to Seattle Seahawks' defense as the &quot;Legion of Boom&quot;. I believe they call the secondary that name, to be exact. What is the story behind this? When and how did this name start to be used to describe the Seahawks' secondary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:21:34.087" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T01:21:34.087" Title="Seattle Seahawks' Legion of Boom" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|terminology|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7409" CreationDate="2014-12-26T04:23:17.093" Score="11" ViewCount="18197" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you touch the net while playing a shot, you lose a point. (I remember seeing Federer lose a point a few years ago, as he fell on the net after hitting a smash shot.) However, a player could stand close to the net without touching it and stretch his playing arm into the opponent's court to play a shot. This seems to offer an unfair advantage, because the net is taken out of the picture, and the player only needs to aim the ball correctly into the opponent's court. Is this allowed?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T06:10:00.353" Title="Can a player stretch into opponent's court to play a shot?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7408" CreationDate="2014-12-26T06:10:00.353" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player is only allowed to stretch into the opponent's court in 2 situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player is near the net and they hit the ball &lt;strong&gt;after it has passed over the net&lt;/strong&gt;.  The follow through on their swing is allowed to extend into the opponent's court (provided that they do not touch the net or the ground).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball bounces on the player's side of the court, and due to spin or wind, it goes back over the net.  In this situation, the player is allowed to reach over the net and hit the ball (provided that they do not touch the net or the ground).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a couple sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Player-to-Player/Rules/Reaching_over_the_net/&quot;&gt;USTA&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player may break the plane of the net on a follow through from a shot as long as the ball was on that player’s side of the court when the ball was struck. (The player can only reach over to play a ball in the situation stated in the paragraph below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the spin or wind brings the ball back over the net to the side of the player(s) who hit the shot, the opponent(s) may then reach over the net and play the ball. They may not touch the net or the opponent’s court. This is the only situation when a player may reach over the net to play a ball. If the opponent does not play the ball and it bounces on the side of the player who hit the spin shot, that player who hit that shot wins the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player in either situation may not touch the net, or the opponent’s court with anything he wears or carries or with any part of the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/107013/107013.pdf&quot;&gt;ITF&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The point is lost if: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g. The player or the racket, whether in the player’s hand or not, or anything &#xA;  which the player is wearing or carrying touches the net, net posts/singles &#xA;  sticks, cord or metal cable, strap or band, or the opponent’s court at any time &#xA;  while the ball is in play; or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;h. The player hits the ball before it has passed the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T06:10:00.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7407" CreationDate="2014-12-26T07:10:59.903" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Boom_%28Seattle_Seahawks%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; and an &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs/2013/story/_/id/10259323/nfl-playoffs-seattle-secondary-comes-first&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, the name &amp;quot;Legion of Boom&amp;quot; started when Seahawks safety Kam Chancellor appeared on the &amp;quot;Bob and Groz&amp;quot; radio show on 710 ESPN Seattle on August 2, 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kam Chancellor was back on the show on October 2, 2013, and they discussed the origin of &amp;quot;Legion of Boom&amp;quot;.  You can hear the audio &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kiroradio.com/listen/9962140/#&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  At 42:17 in the audio, Bob/Groz say the following to Kam:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bob/Groz: &amp;quot;There's been a bit of controversy with the name 'Legion of Boom'.  I don't know if you're aware of this.  What I do know is that you're aware of where it started.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then they played a snippet from the August 2, 2012 show:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bob/Groz: &amp;quot;What have you done in the offseason?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kam: &amp;quot;I changed my diet up, just eating a lot cleaner, just eating chicken, fish, vegetables, fruit, trying to stay light to where I can run fast, but also still have a little weight to keep that boom.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then back to Oct. 2, 2013:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bob/Groz: &amp;quot;Kam, we've always given you credit, we've said it started with you. That was August 2, 2012 on the Bob and Groz show.  Kam Chancellor started it.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kam: &amp;quot;It started on your show, yeah I remember saying 'the boom', the whole boom idea, and then it went to Twitter, and the 12th Man came up with 'Legion of Boom', and you know we just ran with it there.  But it definitely started on your show, with me saying 'boom'.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T07:10:59.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-27T13:10:38.537" Score="1" ViewCount="553" Body="&lt;p&gt;My dad is 60 years old. I have never played any kind of sports for 30 years. &#xA;However, he's working with geography and sometimes (maybe a week per month) he has to hike in the jungle as a part of his job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently, a heart doctor prescribed medication for him. He now takes a heart pill every morning.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today, he told me he wants to play badminton with me. This is the 1st time he played sports. So we played for 30 minutes. Then suddenly he felt tired and he sat down. Then, right at that time, I saw he fell asleep. I tried to call him but he didn't wake up. So I rushed out and call an ambulance, but my dad suddenly woke up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He just passed out for 5 minutes. He told me that his doctor said he should do the walking exercise only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is that &quot;Is badminton too much for 60-year old person?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;What should I do now?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tell him to stop playing badminton&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tell him to do the walking exercise only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am very worried for him. I thought he could have a stroke. I thought since he took the heart pills everyday, that could help him recover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7766" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2014-12-28T04:21:57.860" LastActivityDate="2014-12-28T04:21:57.860" Title="60-year old dad passes out after 1/2 an hour of badminton" Tags="|badminton|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-12-27T19:56:37.990" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7417" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7418" CreationDate="2014-12-29T15:02:56.980" Score="5" ViewCount="9304" Body="&lt;p&gt;A local pool hall features weekly 8-ball and 9-ball double-elimination tournaments, and the different tournaments are described as: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Race to 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Race to 4/3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Race to 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do these terms mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T16:47:16.653" Title="What does &quot;Race to X&quot; mean?" Tags="|tournaments|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7417" CreationDate="2014-12-29T16:47:16.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, the term &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#race&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;race&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in billiards means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A predetermined, fixed number of games players must win to win a match; &quot;a race to seven&quot; means whomever wins seven games first wins the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uspfc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Pocket-Billiards-Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;file&lt;/a&gt; with some more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First competitor to win 3 matches (race to 3) &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  First competitor to win 4 matches (race to 4) &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  First competitor to win 5 matches (race to 5) &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  First competitor to win 6 matches (race to 6) &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your &quot;race to 4/3&quot; example, I believe that is specific to double-elimination tournaments in which you play a different number of games depending on whether you are in the winner's bracket or the loser's bracket.  So &quot;race to 4/3&quot; means it's a &quot;race to 4&quot; in the winner's bracket and a &quot;race to 3&quot; in the loser's bracket.  Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://illinoisapa.com/pool-tournaments-events/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; where it mentions a different &quot;race&quot; for the winner's and loser's brackets in one tournament:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Race to 3 winner’s side. Race to 2 on the loser’s side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a double-elimination tournament has the same number of games for both the winner's and loser's brackets, then you could call it a &quot;race to N/N&quot;.  An example of that can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.onepocket.org/one_pocket_pool_events.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;race to 3/3 double elimination&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But instead of calling it a &quot;race to 3/3&quot;, you could just call it a &quot;race to 3&quot;.  An example of that can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://seminolelargopool.com/pdfs/Tournaments.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Double Elimination – Race to 3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T16:47:16.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2945" CreationDate="2014-12-29T17:27:51.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;American Softball Association:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref: &lt;a href=&quot;http://files.leagueathletics.com/Text/Documents/13338/35721.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://files.leagueathletics.com/Text/Documents/13338/35721.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;American Softball Association&lt;/strong&gt; does not actively publish their &lt;strong&gt;Official Rules - Umpire Edition&lt;/strong&gt;, but I was able to find a 2005 legacy copy at the ref link above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On Page 84 (PDF page 86):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 5. DEFENSIVE POSITIONING.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A. The pitcher shall not deliver a pitch unless all defensive players are positioned in fair territory, except the catcher who must be in the catcher’s&#xA;    box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;B. A fielder shall not take a position in the batter’s line of vision or, with&#xA;    deliberate unsportsmanlike intent, acts in a manner to distract the batter.&#xA;    A pitch does not have to be released. The offending player shall also be&#xA;    ejected from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules on &lt;strong&gt;Defensive Positioning&lt;/strong&gt; are found in each type of pitching rule sections (Fast Pitch, Modified Pitch, Slow Pitch, 16-inch Slow Pitch)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T17:27:51.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7425" CreationDate="2014-12-29T18:54:12.540" Score="5" ViewCount="525" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Premier League (I don't know about other leagues), retrospective action can be taken against a player if they commit a 'violent conduct' offense which is missed by the on field officials. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand it, if the referee spots an offense takes action against the player, the decision of the referee stands. For instance, if an offense that would usually be a straight red was only given as a yellow for some reason, the FA cannot then hand out a larger suspension, as it is judged that the offense was dealt with on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example of this rule in action, Papiss Cisse recently elbowed Seamus Coleman during a Premier League game. This was not spotted by the referee and linesmen. However, Cisse was later charged with violent conduct and faces a three games suspension if this is proven (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30627009&quot;&gt;BBC Sport story&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is as follows: if Cisse had later been red carded for an unrelated offense, could he have still been charged for the initial offense, resulting in a longer suspension as an accumulation of the two?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6138" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T02:30:33.543" Title="Can retrospective action still be taken for violent conduct even if the player is subsequently sent off for an unrelated offense?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-29T18:57:55.030" Score="3" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;Innova published &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.innovadiscs.com/media/PDF/2014-chart-driver.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this chart&lt;/a&gt; that shows driver distance  is roughly a function of the speed metric in perfect conditions. I own a Cheetah disc (speed 6) but my best throws never come close to the listed 300 feet. At best, my drives are 200 feet. More experienced golfers I play with are able to drive a lot further than me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So given that I'm not (yet) able to drive perfectly, is speed the best number to look at for guessing my personal maximum distance with a particular disc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1380" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T08:45:28.750" Title="Can expected drive distance (for an novice) be derived from disc statistics?" Tags="|equipment|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7422" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8517" CreationDate="2014-12-29T20:34:49.887" Score="4" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many argued, especially after Clayton Kershaw's amazing run this year that got him the NL MVP award, that pitchers should not be eligible for the MVP award as they don't even play most of the games. Here's the Wikipedia description of the award: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award, given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not very descriptive -- one outstanding player? I'm finding trouble finding a more official definition of the way the winner of this award is determined and the two competing points of view on the pitcher-as-MVP theory. As a Kershaw fan, I find it hard to accept that pitchers should be ineligible for this award, but I'd like to know where this is heading, if anywhere. Are the members of the BBWAA contemplating about this and does such a change seem probable in the near future? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7775" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:17:18.970" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T03:38:09.933" Title="Pitchers as MVP" Tags="|baseball|mlb|awards|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7423" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7424" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" Score="0" Body="Questions about the act of pitching in baseball/softball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T01:24:13.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7420" CreationDate="2014-12-30T02:30:33.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/~/media/37C906F6526B487B8BD17E4FCEB61FD4.ashx/FADiscProc11-12.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014/15 The FA Handbook&lt;/a&gt; (pdf).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the section title Disciplinary Procedures - Regulations, pages 339-340:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where a Player is charged with Misconduct contrary to Rule E1 of The Association, for a&#xA;  matter on the Field of Play (which falls within Law 12 but was not seen by Match Officials&#xA;  during the period of the game), the proceedings shall follow the specific procedures and&#xA;  time limits set out in the relevant directions concerning such matters as determined by Council from time to time (the “Standard Directions – Incidents on the Field of Play which&#xA;  fall within Law 12, which were not seen by Match Officials, but caught on video (serious foul play, violent conduct, spitting at an opponent or any other person, offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures)” – see &lt;strong&gt;Schedule A&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moving to Schedule A, page 347:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Charge shall ordinarily be issued within the period of two working days of the incident&#xA;  (i.e. for a Saturday/Sunday game, a Charge shall ordinarily be issued prior to 6pm on&#xA;  the Tuesday). The Charge will be accompanied by all evidence, documents and written&#xA;  submissions upon which The Association intends to rely.&#xA;  Where the Charge is not accompanied by an offer of the standard punishment, the Charge&#xA;  will state that The Association claims that the standard punishment would be clearly&#xA;  insufficient, and will set out the basis for that claim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In accepting the Charge, the Player may also accept the standard punishment offered, or&#xA;  claim that the standard punishment would be clearly excessive having regard to the factors&#xA;  set out at (d)(i) below.&#xA;  In the event that the offered punishment is accepted, the suspension will commence&#xA;  forthwith upon receipt by The Association of the consent of the chairman of the Judicial&#xA;  Panel (or his nominee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, if the incident was missed by the referee, a charge would be sent to the club, and they would usually accept the charge, with the suspension added onto the end of the other suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was a serious incident (ie. &quot;the standard punishment would be clearly insufficient&quot;), or the player appealed on various grounds (eg. mistaken identity, excessive punishment), it would be dealt with by the Regulatory Commission at their next meeting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T02:30:33.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7426" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-30T03:05:57.533" Score="6" ViewCount="817" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite new to playing squash.&#xA;As I watch professional matches on YouTube,&#xA;I notice quite a few different types of serves.&#xA;As the title states,&#xA;what are the different types of serve strategies in squash?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4983" LastActivityDate="2015-03-25T10:09:22.117" Title="What are different types of serve strategies in squash?" Tags="|serve|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-30T04:29:09.573" Score="5" ViewCount="3292" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Super Over&lt;/strong&gt; is the concept introduced in the T20 leagues to decide the winner of a tied game. It is basically a one over match with only two allowed wickets to the batting side. Why is it that the chasing team is allowed to bat first in super over? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any specific reason or logic behind that rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7776" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T06:01:47.713" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T04:35:55.173" Title="Why chasing team allowed to bat first in super over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7428" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-30T18:52:12.057" Score="-7" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the World Record for most push ups in 1 second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7778" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-04-24T13:32:31.957" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T13:32:31.957" Title="What is the World Record for most push ups in 1 second?" Tags="|trivia|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7428" CreationDate="2014-12-30T20:05:21.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe anyone keeps records for that short a period. To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.recordholders.org/en/list/pushups.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recordholders.org&lt;/a&gt;, referring to the number of push-ups in one &lt;em&gt;minute&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;it became impossible to judge about the correctness of the exercises at this speed. The last record that was accepted by the Guinness Book of Records were138, achieved by Roy Berger (Canada) in on 28 February 2004&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extrapolating from 138 in 60 seconds, you can probably safely set a lower bound to the record in one second of 2, but that's not particularly exciting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T20:05:21.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7427" CreationDate="2014-12-31T08:14:15.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's analyse two options as to why the chasing team bats first in super over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The team that won the toss chose to bat first, but failed to win the match even with the advantage of toss. So exactly the opposite decision is imposed on the team in super over, as such the team has to chase the target in super over.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The team that won the toss chose to field first. So their decision is to chase down the target and failed even with the advantage of toss. So exactly the opposite decision is imposed on the team. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this is because the team that scored without the advantage of the toss have a superior position in the draw than the one who got into the position with the toss. The batting order is reversed on the belief that the superior team is given a priority in conjunction with oppononent's previous decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7776" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-01-21T13:54:26.680" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T13:54:26.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7427" CreationDate="2014-12-31T10:14:37.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another advantage that lies in allowing chasing team to bat first in super over is saving time and efforts because the fielding team is ready to field again soon after innings end as all 11 players are in the ground in fielding and bowling gears while on the other end, chasing team is ready to bat again as their players are already in the stands. 1 over gives sufficient time to all those players to get themselves ready to field and bowl again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1924" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T10:14:37.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7432" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-31T11:24:05.717" Score="1" ViewCount="7624" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can I place more than 2 midoffs or 3-4 silly points in cricket? I have seen no match with such fieldings? But there are no rules against it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7782" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T09:55:37.807" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T09:55:37.807" Title="Can I place fielders wherever I want?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1233" CreationDate="2014-12-31T11:39:44.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The previous answer sums up the aspects of buying a squash racket very well, but here are some additional thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has to be recognized when buying a squash racket is that it's very personal, and it depends a lot on your strengths/weaknesses as a player, as well as your level. The problem with buying a racket as a beginner is that it's hard to recognize strengths, weaknesses and style, as you most likely haven't been &quot;shaped&quot; as a squash player yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I like to begin with looking at the &lt;em&gt;weight of the racket&lt;/em&gt;. That is, I try to decide what overall weight I think suits me, and what &lt;em&gt;balance&lt;/em&gt; I think I'll prefer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rackets with different weights and balances will have different characteristics. A common misperception is that light rackets are better, but that is simply not true. A light racket is most likely better for an advanced player, but is isn't necessarily better for a beginner. Light rackets are more maneuverable, but they require a good player to handle them, as they are not as &quot;stable&quot; as heavier rackets. Also, with a lighter racket, the player himself must generate all of the power in the swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A heavier racket, on the other hand, is quite suitable for a beginner. This is because it is easier to handle (despite being less maneuverable) and it helps a weaker player to generate more power in his swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The balance is also something to keep in mind, and it is rather easy to understand why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;head heavy&lt;/em&gt; racket will help you generate more power, but offers you less control of the racket. This is generally good for &quot;weak&quot; players. To understand the principle, look at for example a hammer, that is extremely head heavy and helps you generate a lot of power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;head light&lt;/em&gt; racket will do the opposite. It won't give you any extra power, but it'll make you feel in control of it, which is good for powerful players. Think of it as a fishing rod, which has a very low balance and is very easy to handle (but it won't help you fight of a crocodile, that's for sure...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A racket with an &lt;em&gt;even balance&lt;/em&gt; is a mix of the two, and the most common balance of squash rackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, this is what I find most important to look at, but you will have to try different rackets out yourself. My advice is to buy a racket that you think will suit you well (based on what I've written above), and then ask people if you can have a go with their rackets at your local squash centre, simply to get to try different rackets and prepare yourself for the next purchase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, don't get fooled by the price tags. The most expensive racket isn't necessarily the best one. Lighter rackets tend to be more expensive, but this isn't because they're better but because they require more expensive materials to produce them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;End note: I play a Harrow Vapor, which I'm very satisfied with. It's quite light, but with an even balance and it's still quite forgiving. I also own a Harrow Spark, but this one is a lot harder to play with (it's better than me!), and a Prince Sovereign TT, which is a great beginner's racket (and rather cheap).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T18:32:42.277" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T18:32:42.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7432" CreationDate="2014-12-31T11:40:05.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only restriction in the Laws is that there can only be 2 fielders, other than the wicketkeeper, behind the popping crease on the on side see section 5 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specific competitions may have separate regulations governing the number of players on the off or on sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T11:40:05.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3518" CreationDate="2014-12-31T13:02:32.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teesra is basically a backspin bowl in which the ball is released in such a way that it spins towards the bowler so due to magnus effect, ball will be in the air flat and after pitching it will either skid or gets slow...hence the batsman will not be able to time the ball correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7783" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T13:02:32.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7438" CreationDate="2014-12-31T21:11:35.137" Score="7" ViewCount="5558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are lateral passes so rare in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen quite a few situations in which it would seem advantageous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in a 2v1, 2v2 setting when the ball carrier is about to be tackled, why not pass the football to another player who is wide open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the risk of a fumble that high, even in a 3-10 yard pass? Or is it the risk of losing yards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7767" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T12:49:45.990" Title="Lateral Passes in the NFL" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7437" CreationDate="2014-12-31T22:12:03.323" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, I think the risk of turning the ball over would be fairly high.  When one player is running with the ball, all of his teammates are probably trying to block for him.  They may not be prepared to catch a lateral from him.  There will also be defenders chasing him, and they may be in a position to intercept or knock away the lateral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, a player who wants to throw a lateral needs to turn his head around to see if any teammates are behind him who can catch the lateral.  Then he needs to move the ball from his protective grasp into a position where he can throw it.  This leaves the ball exposed, and since he's no longer paying attention to the defenders in front of him, they may be able to knock the ball loose if he doesn't throw the lateral in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a risk of injury.  When a player is running with the ball, he can see the defenders in front of him and can brace himself for a tackle.  But if he turns his head around to see if he can lateral the ball, then he may get hit unexpectedly.  This increases the chances of an injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T22:12:03.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7437" CreationDate="2015-01-01T00:33:52.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using this method often evolves into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_offense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;read option play&lt;/a&gt;. This is more common in college football but has made its way into NFL playbooks on and off over the years. If used as part of a team's playbook, defensive coordinators on the opposing teams will prepare their team by developing plays where the have a &quot;Spy&quot; who plays man coverage on each potential ball carrier (A RB, a WR, and the QB). This most notable reason why this is not more prolific in the NFL is because you need multiple &quot;options&quot; who could be quality ball carriers. Many NFL teams employ a QB who is a strong &quot;pocket passer&quot; but does not have a strong suit in running the ball. Additionally, many NFL teams are reluctant to have their QB exposed to defensive hits for fear of injury. (see RGIII's first season in the league)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T00:33:52.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7432" CreationDate="2015-01-01T06:04:08.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated by @TrueDub, the 2 fielders only rule on the leg side behind the popping crease is mandatory for all forms of cricket, ie Test, ODI &amp;amp; T20. However, each format has other different fielding restrictions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Test cricket&lt;/strong&gt; - Apart from the leg side rule, there are no restrictions what so ever on fielding. You can have all the fielders on the boundary, or slips, or close in.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ODI cricket&lt;/strong&gt; - Originally there were no restrictions as for test cricket however to increase entertainment poweplays were introduced starting with, for first 15 overs, only 2 fielders were allowed outside the 30 yard circle &amp;amp; 2 fielders must be inside the 15 yard circle(they can be slips excluding the wicketkeeper). Then changing to&#xA;During the first 10 overs of a 50-over innings a maximum of two fielders are allowed to be deployed outside the 30 yard circle. A minimum of two fielders (other than the bowler and wicket-keeper, can be slips) have to be deployed in the 15 yard circle.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The restriction of having a maximum of three fielders outside the 30 yard circle is applied for a further two blocks of five overs, Powerplay 2 &amp;amp; 3, with the captains of the fielding and the batting sides deciding the timing of one block each. No restrictions on the 15 yard circle is there during these Powerplay 2 &amp;amp; 3.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Other than the Powerplay overs, a maximum of 4 fielders are allowed outside the 30 yard circle.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20 cricket&lt;/strong&gt; - Only one Powerplay of 6 overs at the start of the innings, with two fielders allowed outside the 30 yards line &amp;amp; 2 fielders must be inside the 15 yard line. Outside the Powerplay overs, maximum of 4 fielders are allowed outside the 30 yard circle.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember that the 2 fielders behind the popping crease on the leg side is mandatory in all formats. It was done to prevent the return of the infamous Bodyline tactics&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T07:01:25.560" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T07:01:25.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7441" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T08:48:43.577" Score="1" ViewCount="1071" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the pitch made larger than the playing area, which is 22 yards? The pitch is made an extra 122 cm past 22 yards for the return crease. After the return crease it is also extended to a green strip. Why is this green strip made and what's its use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see pictures:-&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1mL08.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WfKmn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7782" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-01-26T19:00:30.153" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T12:41:38.263" Title="Why is the cricket pitch made larger than 22 yards?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T13:34:56.863" Score="1" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can i place slip in a wave like pattern?&#xA;Can i place first slip ahead of keeper towards batsman instead of behind the keeper? &#xA;I have not seen these types of fieldings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7782" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T23:02:37.803" Title="Can i place slip in a wave like pattern?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-01-05T10:18:43.590" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7443" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T14:02:42.003" Score="3" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.co.uk/This-Me-Autobiography-Ian-Thorpe/dp/1471101223&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt;, Ian Thorpe says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I had swum 1:49.16, the fifth-fastest heat time as it turned out. It meant I had a good lane in one of the semifinals later that night.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This begs the question: What makes a lane &quot;good&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1997" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T14:02:42.003" Title="What makes a swimming pool lane &quot;good&quot;?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-01-05T08:56:30.810" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T21:02:34.827" Score="12" ViewCount="11599" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Outback Bowl today when one team decided to punt from around its opponents 35 yard line. The coach decided to let the play clock expire to get a little extra room to kick after the penalty, and the commentators speculated that the coach on the defense might opt to decline the penalty, hoping to increase the likelihood of a punt into the endzone. The penalty was accepted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Makes sense to me. But suppose a team takes a delay of game penalty and the defense declines the penalty. The play clock runs down again for another delay of game, which is again declined. Ad nauseum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this even possible (forget likelihood)? If so, how would the referees get the game moving again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7789" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-09T19:57:06.983" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T13:33:04.153" Title="Declining a delay-of-game penalty: what about an infinite loop?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4493" CreationDate="2015-01-01T22:28:34.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Check out the babolat play racket line which can measure levels of spin achieved with specific shots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7790" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T22:28:34.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7442" CreationDate="2015-01-01T23:02:37.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can, but if I was 1st slip I'd refuse to stand where you suggested. The ball comes fastest to first slip, and the extra distance is to allow the player to react.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, there are no restrictions preventing you from doing it, just logical reasons why it doesn't happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T23:02:37.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7448" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7453" CreationDate="2015-01-02T07:55:38.917" Score="4" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose 3rd innings of a Test match is in progress. The batting side has piled on a heap of runs. The fielding side has little success in getting wickets and they are only hoping for a declaration to put them out of their misery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then, the captain has a &quot;bright idea&quot; to save the game: simply refuse to chase the ball! The two batsmen can keep running to their heart's content, but they batting side cannot do a declaration while the ball is not dead! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fielding side would probably be asked to part with some of their match fees for slow over rate, but it doesn't affect the result of the game. Are there any specific provisions in the law to prohibit this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T12:11:36.090" Title="Can fielding side stall the game by not chasing the ball in play?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7452" CreationDate="2015-01-02T08:30:07.053" Score="0" ViewCount="1841" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the Golden Ball and the Golden Boot awarded in the FIFA World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-01-02T12:11:59.967" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T12:43:18.287" Title="Golden Ball vs Golden Boot in FIFA World Cup" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-07-24T02:54:36.640" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7437" CreationDate="2015-01-02T11:11:55.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two types of passes in american footbal the forward pass and the backwards pass (laterals)&#xA;Forward Passes:&#xA;Only one forward pass per play is permitted and must be made prior to the ball crossing the line of scrimmage. A forward pass can be made without passing initial line of scrimmage. Gadet plays are used and must be executed properly to avoid penalty. &#xA;EX.  Player A passes to Player B who passes long downfield to Player C.    A must throw pass before crossing LOS and B must catch behind spot of A's throw to legally throw to C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Laterals must always be backwards and if ball touches ground it is considered a fumble and therefore either team can gain possession. &#xA;Laterals are high-risk low-reward and rarely used outside of designed QB /HB option runs.&#xA;Note: If player on Team A laterals and ball touches ground any player from Team B can advance ball for advantage but only the Team A   player who made missed lateral can advance for advantage. &#xA;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7792" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T11:11:55.807" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3088" CreationDate="2015-01-02T11:23:21.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bum Phillips was one of the first I recall using a  3-4, with Robert Brazile as the pass rush WS OLB.&#xA;The famous Broncos &quot;Orange Crush&quot; Defense was 3-4 as well.&#xA;But it was Lawrence Taylor who revolutionized the 34 OLB position.&#xA;Compared to 4-3 OLB, the 3-4 requires a more agile, faster, quicker, and athletic player. Most 4-3 OLB would be shifted inside to play the SAM backer in a 34 defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7792" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T11:23:21.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7449" CreationDate="2015-01-02T11:52:56.333" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between the two is very clearly explained on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_awards#Golden_Ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Golden Ball award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Golden Boot [...] Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note that the Wikipedia page is slightly out of date with respect to who votes for the Golden Ball - while in 2010 it was voted for by the media, in 2014 it was voted for by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Awards&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Technical Study Group&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T12:43:18.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7448" CreationDate="2015-01-02T12:00:57.017" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say this is a refusal to play the match, which would be covered by Law 21(3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Notwithstanding any agreement under Law 12.1(b) (Number of innings), a match shall be lost by a side which [...] in the opinion of the umpires refuses to play and the umpires shall award the match to the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, if the batsman simply stop running, they could argue that the ball is dead under Law 23(1)(b):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball shall be considered to be dead when it is clear to the bowler’s end umpire that the fielding side and both batsmen at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fielding side could perhaps avoid this second one by repeatedly throwing the ball in the direction of the stumps but &quot;accidentally&quot; missing each time, and thus claiming that they're still trying to get the batsmen out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A third possibility would be for the umpires to say this is unfair play on the part of the fielding side and simply declare the ball dead under Law 23(4)(b)(i):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when he intervenes in a case of unfair play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-02T12:11:36.090" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T12:11:36.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7454" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7463" CreationDate="2015-01-02T13:22:58.570" Score="2" ViewCount="675" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a club still own a player when they loan him to different club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I know Chelsea loaned Fernando Torres to AC Milan, where he was disastrous and now is loaned to Athletico Madrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is he still a Chelsea player or was he loaned from AC Milan to Athletico?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7793" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T00:01:39.147" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T00:22:57.600" Title="Who owns a player that is on loan?" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7454" CreationDate="2015-01-02T13:28:06.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Torres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fernando José Torres Sanz [...] is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Italian club Milan, on loan from English club Chelsea [...]. He will make a permanent move to Milan effective from 5 January 2015 but will be loaned to Atlético Madrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as of right now (2nd January 2015) he is a Chelsea player, but he will be an AC Milan player from 5th January.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T13:28:06.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7457" CreationDate="2015-01-02T15:51:36.033" Score="1" ViewCount="6493" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player hits the ball with the back surface of the bat, is he given out, considering that the back of the bat is not flat? I have seen Kevin Pietersen play the switch hit, but he turns his bat around while doing it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7794" LastEditorUserId="796" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T08:25:28.353" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T08:25:28.353" Title="What if a player plays the ball with back surface of the bat?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7456" CreationDate="2015-01-02T17:30:34.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 6 (The bat)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The bat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The bat consists of two parts, a handle and a blade.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The law considers the entire bat, consisting of the handle and the blade, as one entity, and doesn't treat the front surface any different from the rest of it. You could hit the ball with the back surface or even the handle, it would be treated as a contact with the bat. Hence, the batsman would get credit for any runs scored. If a catch is cleanly taken, he would be out. Likewise, this also counts as a bat contact for other laws, such as leg before wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, a hand or a glove holding the bat, as well as the handle grip, permitted advertising labels, coverings, etc. attached to the bat are also treated as &amp;quot;bat&amp;quot;, in the context of contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Contact with the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these Laws,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) reference to the bat shall imply that the bat is held in the&#xA;batsman’s hand or a glove worn on his hand, unless stated otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) contact between the ball and either (i) the bat itself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (ii) the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (iii) any part of a glove worn on the batsman’s hand holding the&#xA;bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (iv) any additional materials permitted under 3, 5 or 6 above shall&#xA;be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat or being struck&#xA;by the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kevin Pietersen (or any other batsman) turns the bat while playing the switch hit because it would be nearly impossible to play the shot correctly with the bent back surface of the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T05:34:33.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7459" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-02T19:04:47.590" Score="-3" ViewCount="1795" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I measured as a US size 7 on the Brannock Device, which US size should I pick in an Adidas boot or a Nike boot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7797" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-01-04T23:39:53.663" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T23:09:50.297" Title="Brannock Device US Size to Nike/Adidas Football Boot US Size" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-01-08T09:07:08.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7462" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-02T22:09:30.407" Score="3" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;So far I haven't had any luck trying to find an answer to this question, but I am not all that familiar with sports as a whole - only baseball, and Fly Rule doesn't seem to apply. A term from -any- outdoor ball sport would be acceptable, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7803" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T08:30:26.643" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T17:04:39.367" Title="In any form of ball game, is there a term for when a ball gets caught in the wind and changes the play or affects how the play ends?" Tags="|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7454" CreationDate="2015-01-03T00:22:57.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The team who loans a player from another team doesn't own them, but they usually pay his wages. Often teams will loan out players who are too young/inexperienced to play for their main team, since they can gain experience and they don't have to pay their wages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Team A sign a player, but he's too young/inexperienced to play for them, they will often him out to other teams on loan. So say they loan him out to Team B, this means Team A still own the rights to him, but while he's on loan, they don't have to pay the wages because Team B will pay the wages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, the case of Torres is a little different. Torres was on loan from Chelsea since the start of the season, however in the mid-season transfer window, Milan got Torres on a free transfer deal, so Milan are now the owners of him. As soon as the deal was completed, they loaned Torres to Atletico Madrid, in exchange for Alessio Cerci.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unusually in this situation however, instead of Milan paying the wages of Cerci, and Atletico paying the wages of Torres, as is fairly usual for a loan deal, Milan are paying the wages of Torres, and Atletico are paying the wages of Cerci.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Torres gets paid £4m/year and Cerci gets paid £2.5m/year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T00:22:57.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7444" CreationDate="2015-01-03T04:42:59.073" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Delay of game is a penalty when there is no action, before the play starts - like a false start. As such it is automatic and not subject to a decline by the defense. This is how the infinite cycle of delay is avoided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7805" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T04:42:59.073" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7467" CreationDate="2015-01-03T05:54:09.247" Score="4" ViewCount="806" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall reading about a limited overs tournament, in which if teams had equal points after the the league stage, the qualification for next round would be based on &lt;em&gt;batting&lt;/em&gt; run rate only (or maybe, it was the aggregate runs scored, don't remember exactly). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last game of the league, team A needed to win &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; score about 260 runs. Team B won the toss, and captain had a clever idea. He chose to bat first and declared the innings on 1/0 (one run without loss). Of course, team A won easily, but they couldn't score the required 260-odd runs, and so team B's goal was met. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The writer also mentioned that this loophole abuse led to two changes in playing conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Limited overs innings could not be declared any more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tournament-based competitions adopted the &lt;em&gt;net&lt;/em&gt; run rate qualification (that is, the bowling run rate also came into the calculations).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried hard to search for the details of this game, but I cannot seem to find it. I can only remember that it was an English domestic tournament. Could someone please help me identify this game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T07:36:49.367" LastActivityDate="2015-03-07T12:09:47.780" Title="In which game was a limited overs innings declared to prevent an opponent from qualifying?" Tags="|cricket|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7466" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-03T08:01:22.133" Score="0" ViewCount="9222" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why a pitch has extra pitches on both its sides? There are always 2-3 pitches on one side. And they are always covered with grass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T09:31:51.307" Title="Why a pitch has extra pitches on both its sides?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7465" CreationDate="2015-01-03T08:25:05.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect the incident you're thinking of is one from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson_%26_Hedges_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benson &amp;amp; Hedges Cup&lt;/a&gt; in 1979, when Brian Rose, the captain of Somerset, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/142289.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;declared his side's innings closed&lt;/a&gt; with one run on the board and no wickets down after one over in his team's final group match against Worcestershire. The situation was that the only way that Somerset could possibly not qualify for the quarter-finals would be if they lost and at the same time their bowling strike-rate (which was the tie-break used at the time) worsened, as well as Glamorgan winning their match. As Worcestershire scored the required two runs in ten balls, Somerset's bowling strike rate was not significantly worsened, so they qualified for the quarter finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or... they would have qualified, except that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_and_County_Cricket_Board&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Test and Country Cricket Board&lt;/a&gt;, the controlling body for cricket in England at the time, expelled Somerset from the competition, with Glamorgan taking their place. Ironically, Glamorgan's final match the in group stage had been washed out, so Somerset would have qualified no matter what happened if they had just played the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you know the match, it's fairly easy to find additional commentary on the incident, for example the second half of the &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/405598.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;I do declare&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; article at Cricinfo, which includes the amusing fact that even Somerset voted to expel themselves from the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T20:15:24.617" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T20:15:24.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7470" CreationDate="2015-01-03T14:05:41.413" Score="1" ViewCount="1588" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if a fielder stand on 30 yard circle? Is he called an infielder or outfielder. I have also seen that some player also stand some steps outside of 30 yard circle.&#xA;So if do not walks inside thd circle while the bowler delivers the bowl, is he counted as a fielder outside the circle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T03:17:12.267" Title="What if a fielder stand on 30 yard circle?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7469" CreationDate="2015-01-03T18:03:47.310" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specific competition regulations cover this, as it's not covered in the Laws of the game. These regulations usually say that the fielder must be inside the circle at the instant of delivery, so if he's not there he's outside and subject to the relevant penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-01-04T13:11:34.577" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T13:11:34.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7466" CreationDate="2015-01-03T18:05:41.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;All grounds have more than one pitch - this is a requirement as a fresh pitch is required for each match, and pitches take time to recover and prepare. Big grounds will have 20 to 30 pitches across the square, while even very small ones will have 5 or 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T18:05:41.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7469" CreationDate="2015-01-03T20:30:05.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For one-day internationals, being &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; the 30 yard markers makes the fielder an infielder. To quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/542bbed14ad2e-2%20_Standard_ODI_2014-15_Final_Oct_14.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-2015 playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Law 41.2.3(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the first block of Powerplay Overs [...], only two fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area at the instant of delivery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the second block of Powerplay Overs only three fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area at the instant of delivery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this also answers your second question: the restriction is enforced an the instant of delivery, so fielders &amp;quot;walking in with the bowler&amp;quot; is absolutely fine so long as they are on or inside the 30 yard markers when the ball is delivered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T20:30:05.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7473" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-03T20:43:30.617" Score="0" ViewCount="5816" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule which states that leg before wicket is not a violation when the batsman is 2.5 meters from the stumps? I have read the rule about the lbw but there is nothing stating that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is an instance in World Cup 2011 in a match of India where I saw that because the batsman's distance from stumps was more than 2.5 meters, he was given not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if that's the rule why it is not written somewhere?&#xA;And is there any marking on the pitch so that the umpire can know that batman is out 2.5 m from the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T18:50:21.907" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T18:50:21.907" Title="Is there any rule of lbw which considers 2.5 meters?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7474" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-03T20:55:53.140" Score="2" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;why do a bowler use a white marker disc? I have seen that a bowler put a white disc on ground before taking run ups.So why do they use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T13:40:39.453" Title="why do a bowler use a white marker disc?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7473" CreationDate="2015-01-03T20:57:32.903" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only situation in which 2.5 m comes into play is if the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_Decision_Review_System&quot;&gt;Decision Review System&lt;/a&gt; is used. At that point, if the point of impact is more than 2.5 m from the stumps, then (hand waving slightly) the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/504570.html&quot;&gt;on-field umpire's original decision is less likely to be overturned&lt;/a&gt;. Specifically, see section 3.3(i)(iii) of the Decision Review System - Playing Conditions (Appendix 2) from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6f5d5f88e-Third%20Umpire%20-%20Decision%20Review%20System.pdf&quot;&gt;standard Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With regard to determining whether the ball was likely to have hit the stumps [...] where the evidence shows that the ball would have hit the&#xA;  stumps within the demarcated area as set out above but that:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  * The point of impact is 300cm or more from the stumps; or&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  * The point of impact is more than 250cm but less than 300cm from the&#xA;  stumps and the distance between point of pitching and point of impact is&#xA;  less than 40cm,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  the original decision will stand (i.e. not out)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, there's no need for any markings on the pitch, as it is determined by the information from the DRS cameras, not by the on-field umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-04T21:00:54.247" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T21:00:54.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-04T00:53:39.747" Score="4" ViewCount="2090" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I have put countless hours into learning lots of tricks to beat defenders, I am very good on my feet, fast, good touch, but whenever I get 1 on 1 with a defender I freeze up and don't know what to do and usually automatically go to the simple backwards L, even if it's not the right thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7809" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T12:49:17.910" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T12:49:17.910" Title="How can I beat defenders 1 on 1?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7476" CreationDate="2015-01-04T01:44:00.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright so what I would usually do is take me right foot and motion that I'm going right but actually just draw it over the ball the take it back to my left. Usually works for me. The follow your body movements so when you take it back to your left foot it gives you time to shift your weight quickly depending on your side. Can be reversed depending on the dominant foot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T01:44:00.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-04T06:36:36.633" Score="9" ViewCount="1311" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to find a breakdown of passing plays that takes into account yards after contact so I can subtract it out of a quarterbacks throwing yards to give a better picture of QB versus receiver performance.  Does anybody know where I can get a hold of this information.  I've seen the attempts to use yards after catch to do something similar,  but I think yards after contact is much better,  giving the QB credit for finding open receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very late edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An acceptable first attempt at this might be a breakdown of a QBs throwing to different parts of the field in an attempt to remove all behind the LOS completions to basically create a screen adjusted QB stat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7810" LastEditorUserId="7810" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T18:40:50.840" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T18:40:50.840" Title="American football yards after contact stats" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-04T13:57:22.843" Score="1" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;why 15 yard circle is drawn incomplete? It is written in rules that the area reserved for slips need not to be demarcated since the slips can go further deep in undemarcated area for fast bowler. So what if the short mid off fielder want to stand near the 15 yard line,it is not drawn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And why dots are marked it is only drawn till 45 degree ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastEditorUserId="7818" LastEditDate="2015-01-05T14:16:03.333" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T21:22:32.710" Title="why 15 yard circle is drawn incomplete?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7480" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-04T14:09:02.203" Score="-4" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;how many overthrow can be done? If a fielding team do overthrow 2-3 times and the batsman take many runs in that, do the umpire interfere and declare ball dead so that no extra overthrow can be done in that particular ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7807" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T19:31:07.270" Title="how many overthrow can be done?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7480" CreationDate="2015-01-04T19:25:54.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is (quite correctly) nothing in the Laws of Cricket which would mean that the umpires would declare the ball dead. If a team is stupid enough to keep throwing the ball hard at the stumps after they've missed three times already, then they deserve to have the batsmen keep racking up the runs. They can always just walk the ball to the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-04T19:31:07.270" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T19:31:07.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21" CreationDate="2015-01-04T22:59:30.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My ice skating solution for my flat feet: goalie skates. For years I've worn Riddell goalie skates with no arch pain. Occasionally I try regular hockey skates and they absolutely &lt;em&gt;kill&lt;/em&gt; me within 10-15 minutes, so back to my old standbys!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many goaltender's skates have very little arch support -- significantly less than a regular hockey skate.  The trade-off is the profile of the blade -- goalie blades lie flat (front-to-back) on the ice compared to the curved profile of regular hockey skate blades.  I can't make sharp pivots and quick turns wearing them, but at least I can skate without pain. (Can't comment on figure skates because I've never worn them.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7816" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T22:59:30.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7459" CreationDate="2015-01-04T23:56:03.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://brannock.com/cgi-bin/htmlos.cgi/0020763.1.527647328100000275?&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Brannock Device sizing chart here&lt;/a&gt;, it appears that no further information is given other than the shoe size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, feet are all very different and the problem with a specific number is that it assumes certain proportions between foot width and length, as well as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foot.com/site/arch-types&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;arch type&lt;/a&gt; and other differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, not only is there variation between manufacturers, different manufacturers' individual products also vary widely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am roughly a US size 14. Adidas Copa Mundials in US size 14 fit me perfectly. However, Nike's range of US size 14 indoor football shoes I find are a little short and feel very tight on my heels and toes, even though they fit the width of my foot perfectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will need to try a range of products by a variety of manufacturers to find a boot that fits you well. The best advice I can offer is to stick with the same boot once you have found one that fits you comfortably and works well for your playing style. A lot of time and money (in purchasing shoes that end up not working out) can be wasted if you switch to a new product every time your boots wear out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-01-05T23:09:50.297" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T23:09:50.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7474" CreationDate="2015-01-05T13:40:39.453" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;They use it to mark the start of their run up without the need to scuff the grass or use spray paint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3619" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T13:40:39.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7476" CreationDate="2015-01-05T17:06:47.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You weren't specific as to your question. Are you asking what should you actually do in that situation, or how you should improve your reaction to defenders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the first, it depends on the situation and the defender you're facing. Good defenders will try to force you to the outside, which means that's the easier way to go, but then you're generally looking to cross the ball, not shoot it yourself. A fake to the outside can sometimes draw a reaction, or rolling your foot across the top of the ball and quickly reversing direction may get you around him. Attackers can sometimes put the ball between the defenders legs, or if you have support a simple give and go can also work. There isn't one solution to this, since it's so situation dependent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're asking how to improve, then you should find a defender who wants to practice his/her defense and go practice with them. In practice, decide what you're going to try beforehand so you don't have to make the instantaneous decision. Practice a move 5-10 times, then another move 5-10 times, then another move 5-10 times, then cycle back around and try the first one again. You can start off with a &quot;dummy&quot; defender - just put out a box or a backpack to mark where the defender is until you get the moves down. Then bring in someone live who will actually respond to you. Once you've practiced it a lot outside of the game, it'll make a big difference in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once in the game, pay attention to the defender's body language. If they are trying to force you to the outside, their body will be angled upfield so that they can more easily cut in (but not as easily cut out). If they're looking to slow you down, they'll be facing you about 1-2 yards away. If they're challenging you directly, they'll be approaching close. The situation will help you make the decision. Defenders in motion can be more easily cut around with a small move backwards or to the side. Charging defenders most often warrant a give and go, but if you're good with you feet you can get around them yourself. A defender who's trying to force you out may warrant just taking the outside and putting a cross in, but only if you have support in the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T17:06:47.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6961" CreationDate="2015-01-06T11:26:24.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a group stage fixture with 44 goals scored in a single night. It happened on 1st October 1997, but with one major difference: There were 12 matches played in one night. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both nights record is 63 on 12 &amp;amp; 13th September 2000. Eight matches per night were played then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7581" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T11:26:24.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7496" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-06T16:01:47.663" Score="4" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;Never mind doubles and trebles, for me right now just hitting the number I'm aiming for is a challenge - playing round-the-clock for the first time today it took me 114 darts to hit 1-20 in order, which is almost 6 darts per number! At times I'd get 2 or even 3 in succession, other times up to 12 darts or more stuck on one number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What level of skill and experience does being able to reliably hit a single demonstrate? e.g. to play round the clock with a perfect score of 20 darts. Is this so easy it's a &quot;if you can't do it, give up the sport&quot; thing, for instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastEditorUserId="7826" LastEditDate="2015-01-06T17:29:53.083" LastActivityDate="2022-02-03T23:51:17.400" Title="What level of achievement is it to be able to always hit a single in darts?" Tags="|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7497" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8509" CreationDate="2015-01-06T16:10:52.573" Score="0" ViewCount="919" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the sports are based upon winning by deceiving. Well a player or team can also win if another one doesn't play well but in the context of evenly matched sides its usually the one who deceives better wins. Sports like dart, archery and shooting are ones that are not based upon such notion. What sports do you know which is not based upon such paradigm but two teams/players play together at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7825" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:03:18.570" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:03:18.570" Title="Which are the sports that are not based on outwitting the opponent?" Tags="|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8497" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-07T08:14:52.550" Score="3" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;There came a situation in one game where there was a runner occupying first base (R1) and third base (R3), with one out. The batter then hits a ground ball to the left of the second baseman. He fields the ball and attacks R1, advancing to second base. R1 then stops and back pedals to first base to avoid the tag. The runner the second baseman then throws over to first base to get the battered runner out; with this, R3 advances home, and there is now a hot box between first and second because of R1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the runner is tagged at second, the umpire had tried to stop play claiming that because R1 did not just stop but back pedaled to avoid the tag, he is automatically out, and no run scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the umpire's decision right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8827" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-07T13:54:04.193" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T13:54:04.193" Title="Is a base runner out if he back pedals to first base to avoid a tag in a double play situation?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-01-07T14:10:00.590" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8499" CreationDate="2015-01-07T09:59:02.233" Score="3" ViewCount="2815" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have problems with doing mohawks. All I can do is a bit more than 90 degrees angle between my feet. When I am about to put the right foot it is a bit better -- maybe 125 degrees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course with such angles, when I am skating I cannot put down the foot, because it works as a brake, and I spin in place. So I am looking for a drill that help my feet to increase the angle between them, so I could plant a foot close to 180 degrees (as required in mohawk).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What drill can help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorUserId="8996" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T09:37:25.097" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T09:37:25.097" Title="Preliminary drill for mohawk?" Tags="|training|skating|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8498" CreationDate="2015-01-07T15:03:23.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stretches rather than drills have helped me.  This is the one my coaches recommended.  Stand against a wall facing it and open into a plie.  Have your knees bent a little more than you would for skating.  Then press into the wall a little to deepen the stretch.  This can be done on or off skates.  A half-wall is less disconcerting (since your face is right against the wall) if you can find one.  Hold as you would for other stretches:  30 to 60 seconds.  Repeat a few times several times a week.  This is a good one to do as part of a warm-up and cool-down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your goal is just to transition, don't stress about holding the plie.  Not everyone is that flexible.  You don't actually have to have both skates on the surface at the same time unless you are trying to hold the plie.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T15:03:23.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7476" CreationDate="2015-01-07T19:59:32.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a coach's point of view: remember why you play football.  Your problem appears to be less about skill and more about your stress. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond practice; pick an upcoming game and beforehand decide you're going to go after the defender every chance you get. Explain this to your coach and let him/her know so you have an ally. If you are a forward, this should be expected.  In fact, I will even advise you to lose the ball the first few times. How? Allow yourself to just experiment and hold up the defender - don't over-think it. The only skill advice I will add is be good with both feet.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get the defender out of your head.  Smile; be creative fluid and fast.  Once you've lost a couple of battles (and likely won a few), keep going after them. Once the stress is gone, you will enhance your team.  You have to want the challenge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T11:52:14.413" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T11:52:14.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8503" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8504" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" Score="0" Body="Questions asking for help identifying a match in any sport. This tag should always be combined with a tag for the specific sport in question." OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T07:38:36.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8505" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-08T15:31:24.240" Score="0" ViewCount="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to start Stand Up Paddle Surfing on the Great Lakes in the US and would like to be comfortable and extend the season a little by getting a wetsuit. Are there certain types of suits that would be more suitable? I feel like it will be very difficult to paddle in a typical scuba suit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T15:32:20.817" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T17:57:07.523" Title="Stand Up Paddle Surfing Wetsuit" Tags="|equipment|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7437" CreationDate="2015-01-08T15:57:12.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Laterals are more risky because of the nature of the rules. There's no incomplete lateral, the ball hits the ground it is a fumble. Pass interference rules don't apply, so the defender could hit the person trying to catch a lateral before the ball arrives. A player attempting a forward pass has more protection than someone attempting a lateral because they've declared themselves as a runner. You're no longer considered to be in a defenseless position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In college, most triple option teams (those that lateral a lot) tend to lead the NCAA in rushing each season. 2014: Georgia Tech, Navy, Army, Airforce, Georgia Southern (converted to spread but runs the option) are all in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/college-football/statistics/team/_/stat/rushing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;top 10 for team rushing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure the typical option play where it is fairly controlled who will be doing the lateraling (usually the QB) and under what circumstances (a targeted defender who is left unblocked) the ball is pitched/lateraled. Also, if you designate players to be behind the ball carrier, they're no longer blocking. It can be difficult to make the right choice and accurate lateral in a freelancing situation. I definitely wouldn't recommend it when running into the line because having so many defenders there, it is easier to disrupt the play from many angles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T15:57:12.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7176" CreationDate="2015-01-08T16:04:00.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My biggest reason is to make it a habit. Even if the ball goes into the endzone it is a live ball and the offensive players must down the ball. Don't leave any room for &quot;I thought he downed it&quot; or &quot;I thought I heard the whistle&quot; just run to the ball always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T16:04:00.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7437" CreationDate="2015-01-08T16:33:46.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not in much agreement with the answers you have gotten.  I think there are three main issues with implementing laterals in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most NFL players do not have the throwing/lateraling ability to do this.  These are not NBA players.  Some have trouble catching the ball let alone throwing it.  Their strong suits are running and strength not hands skills.  This could be improved greatly from practice as I have implemented plays with lateraling at the youth level - and after a while it does become natural.  But now that the NFL has strict guidelines on practice you would never see this implemented as a weapon other than your trick play variety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;From an offensive perspective the lateral puts the defense at an advantage.  The person awaiting the lateral is not FULLY occupying a defender.  Now ball carrier has their guy to beat and possibly another and at the very least has to make a decision.  For this decision making process to happen fast it takes tons and tons of practice.  I have coached every option imaginable from triple wing option to your run of the mill spread read option and the first few weeks of implementation are brutal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And then the biggest reason we won't see it much in the NFL - speed.  The NFL players are just too fast.  They cover too much space.  Their speed vs. the speed at which the ball travels during a lateral is just too close.  This goes along with why guys like Jay Cutler get paid a lot of money.  He's not the smartest QB but GMs know the speed at which he throws the ball gives their offense an advantage in a very fast game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T16:33:46.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7497" CreationDate="2015-01-08T16:40:19.997" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably the best example is the 100m dash.  Two guys running as hard as they possibly can, no head games.  Races that are longer may contain strategy (mental) games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T16:40:19.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8505" CreationDate="2015-01-08T17:57:07.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my experience, Patagonia's are quite flexible. I live in Chicago and have a number of friends who are fond of their product for winter surfing when the waves really pick up. They would be flexible enough to paddle in. It is all down to person preference so I would recommend trying to go to a store to try one and see. SUP does require a large range of motion so it would be important o find one that is not as rigid as a scuba suit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T17:57:07.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8512" CreationDate="2015-01-08T18:38:47.507" Score="6" ViewCount="475" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on first base and the defense decides to have a&#xA;mound visit or change their pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The offensive players group up to talk about strategy and the coach tells the player to go to second base instead of first base when the pitcher is ready.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the defense, umpire, or official scorer don't notice this and a pitch is thrown, it is my understanding that the player cannot be put back to first after the pitch.  This comes from an experience as a player in the past doing this same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it correct that once a pitch has been made, the player cannot be&#xA;sent back to first?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What would be the official scoring for this? A stolen base?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If someone does notice in time, is there any precedence or rule for&#xA;punishment to the offense?  If not, why wouldn't more teams try&#xA;this, especially at levels lower than professional baseball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does anyone know of this actually happening in a major event? Say Professional or Major College baseball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that it would be seen as Bush League and often may be noticed by a member of the defense or an umpire.  However, it could be a way to sneak a better scoring opportunity if there are no repercussions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T19:42:20.877" Title="Placing a base runner on the wrong base after a mound visit" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8511" CreationDate="2015-01-08T19:42:20.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official MLB rules don't seem to directly discuss this. However, I did find an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.qcbaseball.com/baseball_rules/appeal.aspx&quot;&gt;umpire help site&lt;/a&gt; which explicitly states that this kind of situation (which more commonly would occur when a player returns to the wrong base after a foul ball) &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; subject to the appeal play.  That means, if you do not appeal it (by appealing to the base the player ought to be on), the player is entitled to the base.  I'm not sure how it would be scored; I suggest it would be largely ignored by the official scorer or perhaps considered a Team Error.  It shouldn't be a stolen base.  If the appeal is made, the runner would simply be put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it appears intentional, the umpire would likely have the ability to levy additional sanctions for unsportsmanlike conduct.  I would expect the player and likely his manager would be ejected from the ballgame if it appeared intentional and/or was a systematic attempt rather than an accident.  How you tell that it is intentional of course is more difficult - unless it's the third or fourth time a team's done the same thing...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T19:42:20.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-08T21:50:41.320" Score="5" ViewCount="1544" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a more eloquent term for the set of downs from one first down to another?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, 1st down, 2nd down, 1st down 2nd down 3rd down would be 2 &quot;sets of downs&quot;.  I'm looking for a better name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="434" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T22:17:11.273" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T23:11:57.870" Title="better name for &quot;set of downs&quot;" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8513" CreationDate="2015-01-08T21:57:06.150" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.johntreed.com/fbdictionary.html&quot;&gt;John Reed's Football Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Series&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct term for a set of downs.  I am not sure it's consistently used that way (as opposed to for an entire drive, which would be the offensive plays that constitute one possession) but that seems right to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also the term used by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/6_2013_Definitions.pdf&quot;&gt;official NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (see Section 8):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Series of Downs is the four consecutive charged&#xA;  scrimmage downs allotted to the offensive team during which it must&#xA;  advance the ball to a yard line called the necessary line in order to&#xA;  retain possession&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T23:11:57.870" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T23:11:57.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3149" CreationDate="2015-01-09T01:58:19.607" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Individual contracts vary but in most cases if he was injured prior to the naming of the final 53 man roster, the team would not be held to full contract. The same would apply if he is cut prior to the final 53 man roster. If it happened after he made the 53 man team then the team has other options. If injured they can place him on temporary IR and bring him back later. His contract still in place. Even if pout on permanent IR the player would still get paid his contract. If he was cut with no guarantees in his contract then no he would not get paid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8838" LastActivityDate="2015-01-09T01:58:19.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7422" CreationDate="2015-01-09T19:46:40.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First here is a quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bbwaa.com/voting-faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBWAA&lt;/a&gt; about voting for the MVP:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dear Voter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is no clear-cut definition of what Most Valuable means. It is up&#xA;  to the individual voter to decide who was the Most Valuable Player in&#xA;  each league to his team. The MVP need not come from a division winner&#xA;  or other playoff qualifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The rules of the voting remain the same as they were written on the&#xA;  first ballot in 1931:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Actual value of a player to his team, that is, strength of offense and defense.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Number of games played.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;General character, disposition, loyalty and effort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Former winners are eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Members of the committee may vote for more than one member of a team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are also urged to give serious consideration to all your&#xA;  selections, from 1 to 10. A 10th-place vote can influence the outcome&#xA;  of an election. You must fill in all 10 places on your ballot. Only&#xA;  regular-season performances are to be taken into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that all players are eligible for MVP, including pitchers&#xA;  and designated hitters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recognize the last line that makes sure voters know that pitchers and designated hitters are eligible for the award.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as where it is heading, the short answer is &quot;nowhere.&quot;  Baseball and its writers especially are very stubborn in the way things are done.  You will notice in the quote above that the rules have remained the same since the first ballot in 1931.  Some media and fans have called for pitchers to be ineligible, but I have not heard of this catching much momentum (especially with the writers/voters).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitchers rarely win the MVP award.  Since the Cy Young was introduced in 1956 pitchers have won the award 11 times (including Kershaw).  &lt;a href=&quot;http://wallstcheatsheet.com/sports/how-many-mlb-players-have-won-both-mvp-and-cy-young-in-the-same-year.html/?a=viewall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This link lists the pitchers to do so and their outstanding stats for the year&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-12T03:38:09.933" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T03:38:09.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8519" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8520" CreationDate="2015-01-10T14:24:16.347" Score="4" ViewCount="8564" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching an American Football game the other day (can't remember which, but it was a re-run of an older game) and there were two incidences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball is snapped to the QB, he performs a fake hand-off to the RB, and fires a short pass over the top to a receiver. He gets about half a yard before he his tackled by a defender, and from the tackle, the ball comes loose. The ruling on the field was that the pass was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;incomplete&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similar play. The ball is snapped to the QB, who trows a quick pass to a receiver, who is again tackled within a yard of receiving the ball, and the ball comes loose. However this time the ruling was that it was a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;fumble&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (which was recovered by the offensive team).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning behind the two different calls for such similar incidences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T20:19:51.573" Title="At what point does an Incompletion become a Fumble?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8519" CreationDate="2015-01-10T15:34:53.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between an &quot;incompletion&quot; and a &quot;completion followed by a fumble&quot; is in the rules for a completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A completion has to meet three criteria:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The receiver needs to gain control of the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The receiver needs to have both feet or any other body part (except hands) on the ground inbounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The receiver needs to maintain control of the ball long enough to make a &quot;football move.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any of these three criteria are not met, it is an incompletion.  If all three are met, it is a completion, and if the ball is dropped, a fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the 2013 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Playing Rules of the NFL&lt;/a&gt;, 8.1.3: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COMPLETED OR INTERCEPTED PASS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 3 Completed or Intercepted Pass.&lt;/strong&gt; A player who makes a catch may advance the ball. A forward pass is complete&#xA;  (by the offense) or intercepted (by the defense) if a player, who is inbounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) secures control of the ball in his hands or arms prior to the ball touching the ground; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) touches the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) maintains control of the ball long enough, after (a) and (b) have been fulfilled, to enable him to perform any act&#xA;  common to the game (i.e., maintaining control long enough to pitch it, pass it, advance with it, or avoid or ward off an&#xA;  opponent, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 1: It is not necessary that he commit such an act, provided that he maintains control of the ball long enough to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 2: If a player has control of the ball, a slight movement of the ball will not be considered a loss of possession. He must&#xA;  lose control of the ball in order to rule that there has been a loss of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T15:34:53.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8519" CreationDate="2015-01-10T21:13:45.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;An incomplete pass cannot be fumbled, so technically speaking an incomplete pass never becomes a fumble. Rather, we have two scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pass was incomplete, in which case it is impossible to fumble it (to fumble you have to have possession).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pass was complete, in which case it is possible to fumble it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The criteria for completion, or gaining possession of a passed ball, are nicely outlined in Ben Miller's answer. A fumble is simply defined as a loss of possession. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the NFL rules&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FUMBLE&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Article 4&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  A Fumble is any act, other than a pass or kick, which&#xA;  results in loss of player possession. &lt;em&gt;The term Fumble always implies&#xA;  possession.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7755" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T21:13:45.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="269" CreationDate="2015-01-11T00:58:54.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was in high school decades ago, the mike man the line man covering the center -- the nose guard or tackle. He was the point where counting began when numbering blocking assignments. This was long before any radios went inside helments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8847" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T00:58:54.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2015-01-11T03:05:16.023" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pro players wear such small shinguards because they have acquired a &lt;strong&gt;BAD HABIT&lt;/strong&gt;. Also, because FIFA doesn't regulate the size of shinguards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think there should be stricter rules on the size of shinguards worn, even though some will say more protection can result in more rough dangerous play. The shin is a very sensitive area, and even without a fracture, an impact on an exposed area can get you out for the rest of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8848" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2017-11-20T15:56:47.150" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T15:56:47.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8527" CreationDate="2015-01-11T18:37:27.823" Score="11" ViewCount="1842" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 10 January 2015 in the NFL playoffs, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2015/1/10/7526841/the-patriots-trick-play-that-got-john-harbaugh-mad-ravens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Patriots lined up in a weird formation&lt;/a&gt; in which Shane Vereen, a running back, reported ineligible. Vereen was &quot;covered&quot; by a receiver on his team, meaning there was someone else on the line of scrimmage closer to the sideline than Vereen--see image below; Vereen is circled in yellow. So Vereen was effectively one of the five offensive linemen, although he was lined up a good ways from the other four. My question is, for the purposes of intentional grounding, etc., is the tackle box considered to extend all the way to Vereen? Does it matter that Gronk, not lined up on the line of scrimmage is between Vereen and the other linemen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kL22z.png&quot; alt=&quot;Formation with Vereen covered&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T13:50:46.553" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T13:50:46.553" Title="Does the tackle box in gridiron football extend through all the offensive linemen even if they're a long way apart?" Tags="|rules|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7222" CreationDate="2015-01-11T18:53:06.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gregg Easterbrook &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/page/TMQWildCard150106/the-advantage-home-tuesday-morning-quarterback&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;just wrote something on this topic&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A reason quick-snap tactics can be effective is that it's more tiring&#xA;  to play defense than offense. Performers on both sides of the ball&#xA;  engage in roughly equal physical exertions -- fast pace means the&#xA;  offensive guys have to run like crazy. But mental exertions are more&#xA;  onerous for the defense than the offense. Offensive players know where&#xA;  they're going, and just have to get there. Defensive players don't&#xA;  know where they are going. They first must react mentally, then get&#xA;  there. That's why the Blur Offense and similar attacks leave the&#xA;  defense sucking air while offensive players seem fine, though both&#xA;  have done an equal amount of physical exertion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T18:53:06.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8525" CreationDate="2015-01-11T20:36:47.553" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a more complex question than I initially thought, and most of that stems from some weird wording in the NFL rules. The provision that allows the QB to throw the ball away once he's outside the tackle position refers specifically to that - &quot;the tackle position.&quot; (Rule 8, Section 2, Article 1, Item 1.) However, the tackle position is never fully defined. What is defined is the tackle box (Rule 3, Section 35) and the pocket area (Rule 3, Section 25). The pocket area refers to the &quot;normal tackle position,&quot; which is a little subjective, but I think we can agree that Vereen is not in the normal tackle position in the above picture, but rather that the lineman second from the right of the center is in the normal tackle position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules make reference to the tackle box when talking about unsportsmanlike conduct penalties (horse collar tackle, illegal chop blocks, illegal hits on defenseless players) but not in the rules on intentional grounding. The pocket area is referred to in the intentional grounding rule, even if not specifically in the section that concerns your situation. So I would say that we use the definition of the pocket, and not that of the tackle box, to determine whether or not intentional grounding has been committed; this takes us back to the &quot;normal tackle position.&quot; (For what it's worth, the tackle box extends from &quot;tackle to tackle&quot; and I think you'd be hard pressed to define Vereen as the right tackle here, considering there is a traditional right guard and tackle on the line as well.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To further my case, it seems most of the talk about this play has referred to the Pats having 4 offensive lineman, and not counting Vereen as one of them. (A couple different tweets and people refer to that in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2015/1/10/7526841/the-patriots-trick-play-that-got-john-harbaugh-mad-ravens&quot;&gt;this SB Nation article on it&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, there definitely is some ambiguity here, and I think there's some leeway for the referee to decide for himself, but looking at what I see here, I'd say that if Brady makes it outside of the traditional tackle box but is still inside of Vereen's position, he wouldn't get called for grounding. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the rules I referenced in here come from &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2013%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot;&gt;this edition&lt;/a&gt; of the rules on the NFL website. (Warning: that is a rather large PDF). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7802" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T20:36:47.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7100" CreationDate="2015-01-12T01:59:42.537" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently had a game against a hard server (at my level I very rarely come across) which resulted in a sore arm (particulary elbow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Becuase of the reduce time to react I was using more of my muscles to get the racquet head back and then through into the ball. If I did not time it perfectly the jarring would cause pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of things that I found that helped. (some of these might be obvious but wanted to list them anyway)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relax the grip and arm as part of the server's early serve motion&lt;/strong&gt;. Any tension can jar if not timed correctly. Look at this video of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMaJ-dk-YmE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Victoria Azarenka&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stand a little further back from the baseline&lt;/strong&gt;. Although this may open up wider serves the little bit of extra time can help. You can do this early on the game and work your way in when you are warmer and more confident on the pace of the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduce the back swing&lt;/strong&gt;. Pros such as Federer do this a lot but they have exceptional timing. Try to not to bring the head back as far as you would with a ground stroke. You may loose power on the return but can be effective to at least get the ball back to your opponent (especially if you can get it deep).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use the pace of the serve&lt;/strong&gt;. Alot of pros seem to stab the ball back on the backhand side rather than a full topspin return. With the pace on the ball you do not have to try too hard to get the ball back. It tends to float to the baseline but can give you time to get back into position. A hard server sometimes wins the point simply by having you out of position from the return of serve&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stay on your toes&lt;/strong&gt; and bounce a little at point of contact the server has on the ball. To help with all the above, being able to shift weight to the correct side as early as you can will help with the swing and timing. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that injury off the serve can happen from being too tense and mistiming the ball (because you are rushed into a shot). Mitigating these 2 should reduce injury, as I have found.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T01:59:42.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7100" CreationDate="2015-01-12T02:10:56.567" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;During my college days when a competitive match came, I always encountered big servers because it throw of your balance and you can kill the rally by simple one-two punch, I will teach you my technique on how to counter and use your opponents strength and can do return ace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First is early in the game, try to figure your opponent's habit during serving and return every serve with slice to enemy's backhand side. This has worked every time because of service follow-through and so the return from their backhand is not too strong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So once I figure out his habits, I try to do half swings during his service and I'm a kind of player who has erratic return and unpredictable by slamming the ball in the inside out for a winner. And for you, by using half swings and place them in his weak side or it depends on you, move back from the baseline and don't forget his habits and its probability where his serve would land, with this you can dominate the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In learning this style, I watched Roger Federer vs Andy Roddick matches in order for me to figure out how to counter big servers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T18:25:09.007" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T18:25:09.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5209" CreationDate="2015-01-12T03:04:42.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?type=b#showform&amp;amp;gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=basic&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1914&amp;amp;max_year_game=2014&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=W&amp;amp;walkoff=1&amp;amp;game_length=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;exactness=exact&amp;amp;GS=nonGS&amp;amp;GF=GF&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=date_game&amp;amp;c1criteria=RBI&amp;amp;c1gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c1val=1&amp;amp;c2criteria=PA&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=1&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;firstgames=&amp;amp;startgames=&amp;amp;lastgames=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This query&lt;/a&gt; pulls up approximately the desired specifics - Walk-off win, RBI&gt;=1, PA=1, PH position, finished game, didn't play any other position than PH.  That's almost always going to be the exact specifics - occasionally you might have a PH in the final inning with a non-winning RBI of course, but usually it's &#xA;not, and the distribution for that particular should be approximately consistent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going to just list what year is on every 250 rows:&#xA;2014: 0&#xA;2003: 250&#xA;1992: 500&#xA;1983: 750&#xA;1976: 1000&#xA;1968: 1250&#xA;1958: 1500&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 11,11,9,7,8,10 years between each 250 rows.  Sounds like it's slightly &lt;em&gt;less&lt;/em&gt; common nowadays, if anything, assuming this query is correct; you'd have to be a Baseball Reference PI subscriber probably to verify this with any reasonable degree of certainty.  Overall this is a pretty reasonably random distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T03:04:42.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7476" CreationDate="2015-01-12T13:21:19.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's the perspective from a defender: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you want to accomplish is to get the defender to &lt;strong&gt;commit&lt;/strong&gt; to a movement. Sign of a quality in a defender is to choose his/her timing to commit to a particular movement; regardless if that's a block, a slide tackle or simply closing a particular angle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a 1-on-1 situation with a defender (D), one of three things might happen; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;D will rush on you, pressing you to make a move: in which case you make your move (as you said you are skilled, trained and have the flair to just avoid being tackled and proceed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a scenario where the D is a bit better/seasoned, he'll likely back up slowly while trying to close of your advancement, waiting for you to &quot;make your move&quot;. In that case you need to someone get the defender to act and commit to something. If he commits, then you change direction/do something else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance you might &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF-fR7WsE6E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;show/feint a shot stance&lt;/a&gt;, if he goes for it you just put the ball past the defender and quickly run past him. If he doesn't go for it, then by all means take the shot :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option would be to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChNDD3Nllx4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;show/feint dribble&lt;/a&gt; to one direction and suddenly change your direction. The linked video shows several different types of such movement, carried out by one of the best players out there. I linked the video to give you an idea on the movements involved, not to tell you to play like Messi, obviously. :) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the unlikely case where the D stays his ground, just sprint past him (assuming that you have the speed, and space behind the D). You are coming with speed and you are the one choosing the direction of the play, so you have the advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the basic concept above, there is the mental aspect of the game. I have never been a good dribbler so I cannot tell you how you avoid &quot;freezing up&quot;. I can only say that the moments where I somehow out-played the defender against me, is when I was too tired or caught-up-in-the-moment to &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; what I was gonna do, but just &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; it. It works wonders, not thinking but just doing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my best advice is out of a Nike ad: &quot;&lt;em&gt;JUST DO IT&lt;/em&gt;&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T13:21:19.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4723" CreationDate="2015-01-12T17:04:56.713" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They use they hands to communicate with players because the referee tells the players if its a free kick by blowing a whistle and showing his/hers hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8857" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T17:04:56.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4479" CreationDate="2015-01-12T17:34:12.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ride, ride, ride and ride some more, there's really no secret that will diminish your fears. Your fears are natural and everyone who picks up the sport will go through it in varying degrees based on their willingness to fall and get up. I've fallen countless times and still fall and can't see anyway to improve without doing so. I will say one thing tho, I wear kneepads, elbow pads, wrist braces, the best padded shorts on the market and a helmet. I've had numerous nasty falls and my protective gear I'm positive has prevented serious injuries. Get all the safety gear you can, ask for assistance from experienced riders or get a session of lessons but most importantly don't quit and go at YOUR OWN SPEED until your comfortable. YOU WILL IMPROVE if you stay with it... GUARANTEED!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8858" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T17:34:12.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8525" CreationDate="2015-01-12T19:51:04.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is more of a comment but a long one so it won't fit.**&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@tarchibald has a good answer.  I will offer a few other points with my coaching and refereeing background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the formation the Patriots used is a deviation of a common single wing variation often used in pee-wee football (albeit with a running back instead of doubles left).  The &quot;outside tackle&quot; forms a weapon for crackback blocks and screen blocks.  Teams that don't adjust over would have their 8 hole ate up.  There is nothing new to these formations or genius.  One thing that I must commend Belichek on is his openness to take high school and pee-wee tactics and apply them to the NFL.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in high school football the box would extend to Vereen's position on the play.  I have seen this specific example in an addendum notesheet.  Basically we would not let a team pulling a &quot;trick play&quot; have even more of a benefit.  So they would have their grounding box widened however they would not get away with illegal &quot;space&quot; blocks just because they widened it.  So in this example for high school and college the offense would have a few negatives to deal with (although non would come up during a normal play hopefully).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why I say that is - what if the lineman had 2 yard splits?  Back in the 90s it was a common high school tactic for a smaller team to split the hell out of a bigger team.  The tackle box would almost be 1/3 of the width of the field.  The NFL has really never had that issue since their offensive lineman can't cope with that space due to their size but a 180 pound high school tackle sure can.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gronk's position on the field is of no consequence.  He would be treated as any other back/receiver.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am not sure why Vereen had to report as an ineligible receiver.  I believe this is true and there is a rule in the NFL that covers this but I couldn't find it - but I can explicitly remember watching games (not recently) where a player reported as ineligible.  In high school and college games we would never care if number 44 lined up as guard.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The counter to the tackle box extending to Vereen - is that the NFL has created several blocking rules which are trickling down to high school for the purpose of player safety.  This includes blocking below the waist, crackbacks, clipping emphasis.  These are all legal in the tackle box and I don't see Vereen being able to block the outside linebacker in the back of the legs.  Which in high school/college as I said before we would not let the offense benefit from formation.  In the NFL this doesn't seem to be clear at all.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T19:51:04.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8519" CreationDate="2015-01-12T20:19:51.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer covers the rules.  I will give you what referees look for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The two feet on the ground are a given.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A football move means the player is attempting to do something.  So if I jumped as high as I could caught the ball with hands over my helmet and then got rocked as I hit the ground.  That is the most obvious example of an incomplete due to no football move.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there are basically two points of emphasis on the short-term completion.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does the referee believe the player had intent to move and did the move start?  This could be as little a player twitching in a direction to start a fake.  This can be really hard to tell for receivers receiving a big hit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Did the player maintain absolute control the entire sequence?  This is actually what is the difference between a complete and incomplete pass especially with replay in place.  All it takes is a ball to squirm a little in the hands and boom, we need ANOTHER two feet on the ground and ANOTHER football move.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T20:19:51.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7444" CreationDate="2015-01-12T21:40:38.400" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;At every level of football there are (sportsmanship) forfeit rules in place for teams that try to create an infinite loop of events.  Sometimes these things are done with the most malicious expectations.  An example is a team is losing, so they have their offensive line jump and hit d-line.  Over and over.  Even if the defense accepts these penalties a referee can deem the situation unsportsmanlike and simply warn the offense.  After three such times (if that) any crew I worked on would go over to the coach and warn them about their unsportsmanlike behavior and possible forfeit.  If it happened on next play an ultimatum would be issued and then after that game would be forfeited.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think this would ever happen at the major college or NFL level because coaches and teams may face harsh harsh penalties/suspensions.  They have the same level of rules which generally allows referees to make the decisions upon discretion.  This is a two-sided sword since a referee that ever made this decision would also be under as much scrutiny.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A real world example I have personally been involved with was a late game situation.  There was 10 seconds on the clock and team had first and goal at the 1 with two timeouts.  The defense stacked the line and jumped offsides 4 times in a row.  Two of the times they barely jumped off, play ran, and during those plays 6 seconds came off the clock.  On the third time I went and warned the defensive head coach that if his team kept jumping then I would award the offense the touchdown.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on the 4th time we awarded offense a touchdown.  This almost caused a riot.   This was 15+ years ago and I was a young ref doing a big high school game.  Today we would have gone the forfeit route but at the time awarding touchdown was the way to go.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now offense goes up by 4 after XP try is good.  We access 15 yard penalty against defensive team on the kickoff because we flagged the head coach and every assistant they had.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offensive team muffs the kickoff (4 seconds left), damn them.  The kids at this point haven't played a snap other than XP in 45 minutes.  Returner breaks through and takes it to the house...  but there was a holding flag so game over.  I watched the tape and there was a holding on the play which was about 40 yards from the referee that threw it and on the other side of the field.   I hate in any sport where referees determine winner and for the most part you should never remember the refs but I am thankful years later that the elder of the crew did the &quot;right&quot; thing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note:  Rule 12, Section 3 would cover this in the NFL.  In the NCAA Rules 9-2-3-b and -c and really the entire forward of the rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some excerpts: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The rules committee reminds head coaches of their responsibility for&#xA;  the behavior of their players before and after, as well as during, the&#xA;  game. Players must be cautioned against pre-game unsportsmanlike&#xA;  conduct on the field that can lead to confrontation between the teams.&#xA;  Such action can lead to penalties enforced on the opening kickoff,&#xA;  possibly including disqualification of players. Repeated occurrence of&#xA;  such unsportsmanlike behavior by a team may result in punitive action&#xA;  by the conference against the head coach and his institution&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Disqualified Players ARTICLE 6. a. Any player or identified squad&#xA;  member in uniform who commits two unsportsmanlike conduct fouls in the&#xA;  same game shall be disqualified. b. A player disqualified from the&#xA;  game must leave the playing enclosure under team supervision within a&#xA;  reasonable amount of time after his disqualification. He must remain&#xA;  out of view of the field of play under team supervision for the&#xA;  duration of the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-01-21T23:41:01.013" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T23:41:01.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8539" CreationDate="2015-01-12T22:10:20.980" Score="6" ViewCount="6604" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm always confused by the times for which college football games are scheduled.  If a game (say, like the Oregon/Ohio State game tonight) has a start time of 6:30 PM, does that mean that the kickoff occurs, quite literally, at 6:30 PM?  Or, does this 6:30 start time signal the commencement of &quot;pregame&quot; procedures, such as teams running out on the field, coin toss, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T22:47:29.840" Title="College football game - start time vs kickoff time" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7478" CreationDate="2015-01-12T22:10:56.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have worked with several colleges on advanced stats and have used them on the high school/pee-wee/college levels.  I have thought about yards after contact for receivers but I don't understand how to maintain an evenness across the board to gain a meaningful stat.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance yards after catch is not subjective.  Boom where did the ball hit his hands and how far did he go.  But even this stat tells almost nothing.  Runningbacks have the most YAC because they generally catch the ball even or behind the line (for the most part) and they obviously gain yards.  WRs who are the leaderboards generally focus on quick slants and bubble screens.  Are they a &quot;better&quot; receiver or more dynamic because of this?  Hmmm.  Maybe.  By how much?  Not sure.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the high yards after catch a byproduct of teams worried about deeper routes, is it because of superior edge blocking, is it because this receiver can't run his route tree correct so the coach only trusts him with short stuff and streaks?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now take your stat which in a well defined lab would probably give decent analysis but first of all how do we define contact?  It is very very subjective and you would need the same person (or cloned people) to evaluate all of the film.  If a defender's shoulder pads brush against a WR as they try to jump a hitch contact?  Is a defender hand on the back (which unless the WR is wide open is almost a norm in the NFL now) contact?  Is a fist coming down trying to strip the ball contact?  If a receiver catches a screen and jukes the CB that is less than a yard away is that contact (and said CB makes no contact)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There would have to be 50 &quot;rules&quot; in place to get this stat.  I would say that a first rule would be that contact includes any defender making contact in a tackling motion (no matter how pathetic the motion is since most NFL DBs can't tackle) or a defender in very close proximity (where an immediate tackle would be the norm) is juked/side-stepped.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This stat I am sure would have some sort of relevance to how well a QB throws into tight spaces and I am sure the big name QBs would have WRs near the top of the list (because those guys have the most yards).  However a couple problems off the top of my head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;by focusing on contact you are dissing the WR that consistently gets open and creates space.  They probably aren't contacted until tackled.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go along with the first point a defender will be more apt to take chances and break on a ball if they are close to it.  Obviously a defender isn't going for an interception and breaking towards the QB if there guy has them beat by 5 yards.  But if he is running stride for stride he might.  Also if the QB throws the ball behind the WR he might.  Both of the circumstances often causes contact.  Both of them are negative things that would reflect positively in your stat.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you are really negating the guys who are consistent deep threats.  If you beat a defender long there usually isn't contact.  It might happen but not as consistently.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this stat exists in any form it would be done by Football Outsiders or KC Joyner's team.  I am a regular on both of their sites and it doesn't exist in your form.  Is your stat relevant?  I am not sure because of the problems outlined above.  I think the first step is maybe getting 50-100 games and break down the yards after contact for WRs based on field metrics.  For example split them into 0-5 yards, 6-15 yards, 16-25 yards, and 25+ yards.  Also you are going to have to do something about TDs.  If Randy Moss jumps up for a 50 yard bomb and catches it at the 5 yard line with two defenders hanging on him, he shoves one down, and walks in the end zone... he gets 5 yards?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T22:10:56.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8537" CreationDate="2015-01-12T22:47:29.840" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Start time is the estimated kickoff time.  Back in the day some tickets would actually say EST Kickoff Time 2:00 PM.  However most tickets don't include times anymore since game times are so often changed for TV networks.  +1 for anyone that can find an old ticket with Kickoff Time printed because they definitely existed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for NFL and major colleges you will find that their kickoff time is usually right at the estimated start time.  They want that kickoff right at the slotted time to get the viewer hooked in.  In the NFL a game is behind if the kickoff happens at 12:03 for a noon game.  This does happen and might be a variety of reasons - malfunction at stadium, ref needs to hit the bathroom, whatever - but most games do start right at noon (within a minute) if scheduled for that.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;College games are pretty much the same way although there is more variance for issues to arise and the games will more commonly start a couple minutes past estimated kickoff time (which is the same as start time).  I have refereed small college games and we are told that captains meeting is 10 minutes before start time and they want our games starting right on time.  For smaller colleges/high school the captains actually might have a bunch of questions, which we answer and we might start a few minutes late.  I have also had both teams run out, no questions, run back, and expect the kickoff right away.  Which we try to slow things down but have started a minute or two early.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For major colleges/NFL they will never start early because TV networks can't support this.  They get cues on the earliest they can kickoff.  I have been to plenty of college games where the kickoff teams have stood waiting on the field for 3-4 minutes.  Everyone is wondering the delay but its the TV networks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception of this rule is Superbowl, Monday/Sunday Night Football and college bowl games.  These are big events and the estimated times are a pipe dream - they are close for Sunday/Monday Night Football but still may be 5-10 minutes late if they have breaking news they want to cover.  That is when they want you to start watching and kickoff may be 10-20 minutes away.  They can really only do it if there isn't another competing game you can switch to.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question the start time is the estimated kickoff time.  There are no hard rules governing this though other than TV networks.  Referees at all levels have specific time slots for the toss and captains meeting which is always before the start time and allots enough time in most cases to start when people are expecting it.  You can always see the whole game if you tune in at that time but you might be a little early for major events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T22:47:29.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8541" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-13T01:42:01.490" Score="12" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In college football, home teams outscore away teams by 3-3.5 points per game according to analysis by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fromtherumbleseat.com/2014/7/14/5890675/intro-to-football-analytics-home-field-advantage-in-college-football&quot;&gt;Matt Mills at SB Nation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is the advantage due to the home crowd or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's likely a combination of factors (familiarity with the stadium, girlfriend in the crowd, a good night's rest in your own bed), but I'm particularly curious about crowd effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tonight Ohio State faces Oregon on neutral territory in Arlington, Texas. Ohio State fans in attendance supposedly outnumber Oregon fans 7:3. Is there any evidence this attendance disparity actually confers an advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T16:12:38.527" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T21:40:46.080" Title="Neutral field advantage for team with more fans in attendance?" Tags="|american-football|sports-psychology|fans|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8542" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8543" CreationDate="2015-01-13T04:55:44.987" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a touchdown in football, who has the say on the offense: the coach, players, flip a coin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8861" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T05:06:23.050" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T05:23:37.117" Title="Who decides if the offensive team will attempt a two-point conversion or a field goal?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8542" CreationDate="2015-01-13T05:23:37.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coaches tell their players in almost all cases to go for 1 or 2.  However it is ultimately up to the players to run the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do not tell the referee that you are going for 1 or 2.  You do the action that gets you 1 or 2 points.  So if a college team wants to go for 2 and not follow coaches orders, they can go out and run a play or a fake field goal try to gain 2 points.  And the opposite is true too.  A coach could send out 11 players and if they wanted to kick a field goal they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach has three powers to help him.  He can call timeouts, he can order players off the field (if this happened said player would be ejected), and players would fear being cut by coach.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T05:23:37.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8545" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-13T06:56:29.537" Score="5" ViewCount="1068" Body="&lt;p&gt;At many American sporting events, if a player with a &quot;u&quot; sound in his name is on the home team, and he enters the game or makes a play in the game, then there is a good chance the fans will chant his name with an extended &quot;u&quot; sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whenever fullback &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kuhn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;John Kuhn&lt;/a&gt; of the Green Bay Packers touches the ball at a home game, then the fans will chant &quot;Kuuuuuuuuuhn&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the 1990s, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryl_Johnston&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daryl Johnston&lt;/a&gt; was a fullback with the Dallas Cowboys.  His nickname was &quot;Moose&quot;.  Whenever he touched the ball at a home game, the fans would chant &quot;Moooooooose&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Walton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Luke Walton&lt;/a&gt; was a basketball player for the L.A. Lakers, and whenever he entered a game at home, the fans would chant &quot;Luuuuuuuuke&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dumars&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Joe Dumars&lt;/a&gt; was a basketball player for the Detroit Pistons, and whenever he scored a basket at a home game, the P.A. announcer would yell &quot;Joe Duuuuuuuuumars!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did this tradition originate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T14:13:28.093" LastActivityDate="2022-06-15T08:20:46.127" Title="What is the origin of fans chanting players' names with an extended &quot;u&quot; sound?" Tags="|history|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8547" CreationDate="2015-01-13T15:38:05.437" Score="21" ViewCount="11475" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball (MLB) has a minor league, Hockey (NHL) has the AHL, Basketball (NBA) has the D-League, and even Soccer (MLS) has the USL and NASL although they may not be farm leagues in the same sense as the other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be argued that NCAA college football is a developmental league, but that alone does not explain why there is no professional developmental league for after college since all the other sports listed above have NCAA college leagues and still have a farm league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7562" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T22:35:14.503" Title="Why does every American sport except Football seem to have a farm league?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|nba|collegiate|nhl|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-01-13T17:13:35.563" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few differences between American Football and other sports that lead to this: particularly, the length of playing careers (shortest by far), and the cost of running a team (largest by far).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL teams are very large, with 53 players active of whom 46 play on any given Sunday, and every single one is typically utilized except perhaps a backup QB - compared to a baseball team (25, of which 12 or so play most days), hockey team (25), or basketball team (15, of which many teams use single digits in most games).  Assuming a true minor league existed - where the game was played the same as it is at the pro level, which is fairly important for the minor league to have value - you'd need similar roster sizes, certainly at least 40 per squad; that would cost a lot of salary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football also is the most dangerous of sports, which means it would have substantially higher expenses for doctors and health insurance; it also probably would need to pay players significantly more (minor league baseball players make very little, so a minor league team is pretty cheap - lots of players who have no shot at the majors, just filling spots, at $30k a year).  If it were a true minor league, with nearly NFL size players (so 280-300 lb offensive and defensive linemen, etc.) you'd need to pay people appropriately.  Semipro football is a thing and people certainly enjoy playing it for very little or no money, but they're not playing at the intensity and with players of the size of NFL players.  You wouldn't be able to get away paying people peanuts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current Arena Football League, which is not really a minor league - the size isn't comparable - pays about $15k in salaries per player; but the talent level isn't nearly the NFL level that it would need to be.  The earlier Arena league, which did have close enough to NFL talent that it had some elements of a minor league system (ie, it wasn't uncommon for good Arena players to go to the NFL), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/other-sports/2013/07/26/Power-players-juggle-life-work-and-play-in-Arena-football/stories/201307260195&quot;&gt;paid much more&lt;/a&gt; - 31k minimum, 80k average.  They also went bankrupt quickly.  The current one is doing better, but even now isn't entirely financially sound - and that's with a lower quality of player at the lower salary level.  The CFL pays &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.therichest.com/sports/football-sports/average-cfl-player-makes-only-80000-per-year/&quot;&gt;about 80,000 a year&lt;/a&gt;, which is probably the only league that can truly claim to be sufficient quality that it could fill in as a minor league system directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL does have the practice squad, which serves some of the purposes of a minor league team (ie, some talent that they work with regularly to learn the systems, and can call up to the main team when someone gets hurt).  I imagine the size of that squad (8 players) is well defined by the actual needs of teams - if everyone needed more, they'd increase that size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this is notwithstanding the fact that there have been multiple attempts to sell smaller leagues as NFL minor leagues.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/04/01/new-usfl-aims-to-be-true-nfl-minor-league/&quot;&gt;USFL tried in 2012&lt;/a&gt;, now the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.si.com/nfl/2014/07/07/fxfl-nfl-developmental-league&quot;&gt;FXFL is giving it a shot&lt;/a&gt;... who knows what will happen, but I suspect the same as in the past: a few years of failure followed by league closure.  College football and NFL football just are too successful right now at chasing viewers to lose out to a new minor league.  The major attraction of minor league baseball is watching professional baseball in your home town - and colleges provide that for football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T17:13:35.563" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-01-13T17:43:46.360" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the NFL wants a farm system and there is a good chance they will in the future they will end up footing the bill for a lot of the infrastructure/costs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have had offers to play in an older version of arena football and that included a per diem and $250 a game.  I am not sure most current arena league players get paid more than 20-30K a year if that.  So the choice was easy for me, stay at my tech job.  So right away to get a higher quality player the league will have to be able to pay players something more than minimum wage.  Also note that since almost all good players will opt to go to college right now (this could change) for football experience, that your player pool is 22-30 year old.  If I was 19 and was offered an arena league spot I would have taken a pack of gum.  At 24 with a real job there are ramifications to quit your job (to make practices) to make almost nothing.  Baseball and hockey have a lot of teens and very early 20s in their pool.  While football might have these ages too, the best out of this group will play at Alabama or Ohio St.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A small football team (11 on 11) would need at least 35 players to function.  This is usually the case in semi-pro leagues I have been involved in - which are nothing but regional clubs that play each other.  There are several leagues like this in the midwest.  There are &quot;tryouts&quot; but usually anyone is accepted at a practice given they don't get in the way.  Some teams just need warm bodies for a scrimmage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then a coaching staff for football is usually a lot bigger than other sports.  You would have at least a head coach, 2 assistants, and trainer on staff.  This is the bare minimum.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only sport that comes close to football as for equipment costs is hockey.  With the concussion issues I have seen equipment prices go up 3-4 fold for organizations the past few years.  Not only is stuff more expensive but the stuff expires and has to be replaced more.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then the biggest hurdle is facilities.  Baseball stadiums are multi-use venues, support tons of games (colleges usually share), and are not real expensive.  Hockey arenas are more expensive but offer a great fan experience with the fans sitting on top of players and the arena atmosphere support a lot of concession sales.  The NBA D-league is losing money right now but they are using shared arenas, (I have not heard of an arena being built for the sole reason of a D-league team), hardly any equipment costs, and the players make very little.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with the costs associated the only thing that compares with football is hockey.  And hockey has three intrinsic advantages.  It has younger player pool, it has a different in-game atmosphere, and a biggie is that Canada and the northern US is hockey crazy with little competition.  (Note a fourth that was brought to my attention is that hockey rinks often are used almost 24/7 in the minors for ice time, adult leagues, ice shows, and so on)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football will have to find some way to play games in places that fans want to visit.  Indoors would be preferable but fans and the NFL probably are going to want a standard field.  These teams really need to be in cities where there isn't great sports competition and the only venues indoors are mainly in the NFL - a few colleges might be able to help out here.  Also the intimacy of the experience is off putting 10K-15K fans in a stadium that holds 70K.  Same holds true putting the games in a college outdoor stadium.  Just no real answer for the facilities issue that a minor league football system would face and really the reason for so many minor league football failures.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only answer is for the NFL to step in and build a few stadiums using the same kind of slow build style that has been used for soccer over the past 10 years.  In fact they might be able to use some of the newer soccer stadiums.  It is a given that a football team would start its season in the winter or spring so there is a lot of chance for sharing stadiums but even if they have shared stadiums that have little upfront money, there will be losses for years until there is a fan base to support these events.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: That if this happened that the NFL draft would have to have a complete overhaul.  Actually the whole player acquisition process would have to be overhauled too.  So first the draft might have to go 20+ rounds to support a team's ownership of a minor league player.  This would mimic baseball/hockey and would really be a different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second NFL teams rely on being able to pick up players when theirs get hurt.  A lot of times the player is on another team's practice squad.  If teams had minor league systems they would own practice squad players.  You could say that well a team should have backups on its minor league team... Well if 4 offensive guards go down, what if a team doesn't have enough?  There could be situations where a team could get a practice squad player from another team at the guard position and he is the best guard not on a roster in the NFL, but if that team had a minor league system their guard might be the 500th best not on a roster... No answer for this but this would have to be greatly changed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-01-14T16:05:42.017" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T16:05:42.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8551" CreationDate="2015-01-13T17:50:42.320" Score="6" ViewCount="25186" Body="&lt;p&gt;In (American) football, only the running backs and ends (but not offensive linemen) are supposed to (try to) catch passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of that fact, an offensive team can be penalized if its linemen are past the line of scrimmage, and not blocking someone. An important exception is the so-called &quot;screen pass.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what happens if a lineman crosses the line of scrimmage, starts blocking, say, a linebacker, and the defender gets past him so that he is &quot;loose&quot; in enemy territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently that routinely happens in a screen pass, which is why there is no penalty in such situations. But why would there be a penalty on other occasions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there should be a penalty if a lineman actually caught a pass, but why would there be a penalty for his merely being &quot;downfield?&quot; Or put another way, what causes a penalty to be assessed or not when an offensive lineman is &quot;loose&quot; downfield? How might an official decide whether or not e.g. the &quot;screen pass&quot; exception applies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T19:02:51.633" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T01:37:27.287" Title="What is meant by &quot;ineligible receiver downfield?&quot;" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8550" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-13T18:24:16.137" Score="3" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a relative newcomer to the NFL I have some questions regarding NCAA players and their transition to the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Do some colleges have a reputation for consistently producing good players (such as Southampton's football academy in UK Football)? Why is this the case (similar reasons to football academies perhaps)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) How well does success in the NCAA correlate with NFL success ( in UK football the correlation fluctuates a lot, many 'wonder kids' fail to meet lofty expectations)? Due to the NFL being a very physically demanding league, surely some players may seem much better than their cohort only because they have developed much faster physically, how is this taken into account?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7767" LastEditorUserId="7767" LastEditDate="2015-01-14T21:28:38.927" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T21:28:38.927" Title="Transition from NCAA to NFL" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-01-13T18:31:22.730" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question(s):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The penalty is assessed if the ineligible player is more than 1 yard&#xA;down field on a forward pass play unless he is blocking a player that&#xA;initiated within the 1 yard buffer zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defensive player breaks the contact with the ineligible player,&#xA;the player must stop.  He may not continue down field until&#xA;the pass in completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once a pass is complete all players may advance at their own&#xA;discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;strong&gt;NFL&lt;/strong&gt; there is no &amp;quot;screen pass exception&amp;quot;, this is a &lt;strong&gt;NCAA&lt;/strong&gt; rule where a player can be down field if the pass in completed behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NFL - Eligible Receiver&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to catch a forward pass, a player must be an eligible receiver:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can line up in the backfield (ie running back, quarterback, or receiver)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can be on either end of the line of scrimmage (ie a tight end or split end)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in the NFL an eligible receiver cannot wear a number of 50-79 or 90-99 with more specific guidelines by position (Rule 5, Section 3, Article 1).  These players have to declare to the referee they intend to be eligible on a play and the referee will announce that player as eligible.  This is done so that the defense can figure out who can go out for a pass and needs to be accounted for.  The player must line up as eligible if he reports as eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NFL - Rule 8, Article 8&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An in eligible player may not catch/or touch a pass, behind or in front of the line of scrimmage unless it is first touched by an eligible receiver or a defensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NFL - Article 8, Section 3&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This covers ineligible player downfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 1: Legal and Illegal Acts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a scrimmage play during which a&#xA;legal forward pass is thrown, an ineligible offensive player,&#xA;including a T-formation quarterback, is not permitted to move more&#xA;than one yard beyond the line of scrimmage before the pass has been&#xA;thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Item 1: Legally Downfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An ineligible player is not illegally&#xA;downfield if, after initiating contact with an opponent within one&#xA;yard of the line of scrimmage during his initial charge:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) he moves&#xA;more than one yard beyond the line while legally blocking or being&#xA;blocked by an opponent; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) after breaking legal contact with an&#xA;opponent more than one yard beyond the line of scrimmage, he remains&#xA;stationary until a forward pass is thrown; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) after losing legal&#xA;contact with an opponent more than one yard beyond the line of&#xA;scrimmage, he is forced behind the line of scrimmage by an opponent,&#xA;at which time he is again subject to normal blocking restrictions for&#xA;an ineligible offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NCAA - Article 7-3-10-I and II&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ineligible Receiver Downfield ARTICLE 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No originally ineligible&#xA;receiver shall be or have been more than three yards beyond the&#xA;neutral zone until a legal forward pass that crosses the neutral zone&#xA;has been thrown (A.R. 7-3-10-I and II).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that a pass thrown behind the neutral zone (line of scrimmage) does result in a penalty for ineligible players down field.  Also the &amp;quot;buffer zone&amp;quot; in college is 3 yards vs. 1 yard in the NFL, but the NCAA does not have the blocking rule that allows a player to leave this buffer zone until the pass in complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2013%20-%20Rule%20Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 NFL Rule Book from NFL.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3255/nfl-rule-on-offensive-lineman&quot;&gt;NFL Rule on Offensive Lineman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4309-2013-and-2014-ncaa-football-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 NCAA Football Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T18:48:39.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-01-13T19:00:51.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add an answer that explains things more instead of repeating rules (which diggers answer is very good) - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NFL lineman get up to 1 yard downfield before blocking someone.  They can block their guy any number of yards downfield as long as they maintain contact the entire time.  The rule does not create a negative impact for the offense for the offensive player performing well.  However if he knocks a guy on the ground you have to teach your guys to not hit him while he is getting up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allowing NFL lineman to go more than 1 yard downfield is absurd.  There would be literally hundreds of trick plays and defenses would have no chance.  They would literally have no pass reads because anything could be a pass.  DBs are taught to play the run when a WR tries blocking them.  Without this rule there could still be a pass play.  This doesn't even get into a guard and center combo setting up 5 yards downfield to provide picks on slant plays.  The game would be ridiculous.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However ridiculous the game may be with lineman allowed downfield (imagine playing a 200 pound guard that can set picks) it sure sounds like fun.  And it would be fun as hell.  But injuries would be off the charts.  It is a player safety rule.  Imagine you are a CB playing man coverage.  The WR runs a 5 yard in across the formation, you get to the hash, boom a 300 pound lineman blows your ass up.  You run that a few times a game and then man coverage (and most blitz packages) don't exist.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is a screen pass rule in the NFL.  It is for eligible receivers.  They are allowed to only block players within a yard of the line of scrimmage on forward passes behind the line.  Otherwise they would get called for pass interference.  So it doesn't fall into the ineligible man downfield but same theory.  Basically on forward passes behind (officials say within 1 yard on the line) WRs can act as a lineman.  On any other pass plays WRs may not initiate contact with a defender.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-01-16T17:26:21.600" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T17:26:21.600" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8550" CreationDate="2015-01-13T19:01:17.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some universities certainly do have a reputation for developing NFL players.  In some cases, this is simply due to quality of the program - Alabama for example is a very good program and as such attracts very good players; this not only means a player will play alongside other good players (and thus learn better habits/etc.), but also means a player will be exposed more on national TV and to scouts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL team scouts only can go to limited numbers of games, and while they can undoubtedly watch many more on taped broadcasts, there's something different about going to a game; even relatively un-heralded players can be seen performing well in a game.  This means teams like USC, Notre Dame, etc., give players more of a chance to get on TV and be discovered by scouts, leading to them getting better players than they otherwise would. This may not correlate to NFL &lt;em&gt;success&lt;/em&gt;, but it tends to correlate with &lt;em&gt;numbers&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some coaches also have a good reputation for developing certain kinds of players.  Steve Spurrier had a reputation for developing quarterbacks while at Florida, although most of his eventually fizzled out (at which point people realized it was the 'system').  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would note that in both of these cases, I mean 'reputation' as in &lt;em&gt;it is thought&lt;/em&gt; that these teams/coaches are skilled; Spurrier is a great example of where that reputation was misguided, as none of his QBs really panned out (Rex Grossman is probably the best of the lot in terms of NFL career, and, well, I'm a Bears fan, so you probably know how I feel about that.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, some schools or even conferences have reputations for certain types of players.  The Big 10, and particularly Wisconsin, OSU, and (until recently) Michigan, had a reputation for developing offensive linemen; a high proportion of NFL linemen, both stars and solid but mostly unknown starters, came from the big 10 (or at least, did; some of this reputation may be less deserved now than it was).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Success in NCAA and success in NFL are less tightly connected then, say, success in the NBA vs NCAA.  Football is a very physical sport, and players in college are still often not fully developed.  They also have a large learning curve still in the NFL.  Connecting this to the draft questions, while early draft round is correlated to success, it's not tightly correlated, except in a few positions (QB, in particular), and it tends to be more that good players are drafted in the early rounds - but not nearly all early round draftees are good players.  You can look online for some details of this; for example, a &lt;a href=&quot;http://walterfootball.com/nfldraftology408_1.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ten year draft study&lt;/a&gt; showed that almost half of first round players were 'busts'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why QB correlates better, it is a combination of things.  This is only true of 'NFL style' offenses, though that may be in the process of changing some with the NFL read option (if that sticks); ie, colleges who use a pocket passer and run neither an option nor a spread offense.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those colleges who do run NFL style offenses, a quarterback is easier to evaluate because his skill is directly visible (you see him throw the ball, see him make decisions, etc.) more readily than some other players.  It's more obvious when he makes mistakes.  The offense is centered around him to some extent, and his ability to learn and understand is very obvious from the game play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quarterback is also a position teams realize (in the NFL) that is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; important, and as such they do a lot more scouting, a lot more research and interviews, and most importantly are willing to take chances on QB more so than on other players.  You will always have someone fall through the cracks - the undrafted Tony Romo or the sixth round Tom Brady - but particularly in the last decade or so it's been well understood that in the salary cap era, particularly with (limited) rookie scale salaries, having a reasonably cheap, good quarterback is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; important to success (see Seattle and San Francisco for great recent examples of building a team with a cheap QB).  This isn't to say you still have mistakes - Russell Wilson made it to the middle of the third round, for example - but those are usually due to assumptions of physical deficiencies (in his case, height) that usually correspond to low success rates.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that Wide Receiver is the second easiest to guess, in large part because the potential true superstars are due to physical elements (height and weight, and speed).  Calvin Johnson and AJ Green are very obvious physical specimens who were clearly stars coming out of college.  On the other hand, the star WR from the last draft class was Odell Beckham, who was drafted fifth out of the (very deep) WR class.  WRs who aren't physical specimens are hard to separate from their team and the opposing defenses: is a WR who sprints downfield and catches touchdowns just better than mediocre CBs, or has a QB who throws the ball in just the right place?  Or is it his personal skill?  It's difficult to separate those things, so it's hard to say how good the WR is.  QBs throw to several different receivers, so at least that can be teased out some; the WR is likely to only have one QB throwing to him, unless he plays for Ohio State.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T20:15:20.320" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T20:15:20.320" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-01-13T21:27:00.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL used to operate &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Europe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;its own developmental league&lt;/a&gt; in the USA and Europe between 1991 and 2007. It was initially called the &lt;strong&gt;World League of American Football&lt;/strong&gt; with teams in both the USA (including non-NFL cities like Sacramento and San Antonio) and in Europe. After a few years during which the league was on hiatus, it returned in 1995 as an all-Europe affair. In 1998 the league changed its name to &lt;strong&gt;NFL Europe&lt;/strong&gt; and operated up through 2007. The fact that the NFL currently plays &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/international&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one or two games in London each year&lt;/a&gt; is a remnant of NFL Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the league was operating and playing games in the spring and summer, NFL teams could assign several young players over to develop. While this was a good idea on paper, I remember that the players that did get sent over were generally borderline/fringe players, typically those that are cut after the final preseason game. So basically, the players who are on today's NFL &lt;strong&gt;practice squads&lt;/strong&gt; are those that would have been sent to NFL Europe. The good rookies (like 1st or 2nd round picks) were kept on the NFL teams' rosters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/nfl/lists/Top_10_NFL_Europe_QBs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL starting quarterbacks who played in the World League/NFL Europe&lt;/a&gt; earlier in their careers include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kurt Warner (1998 with Amsterdam; NFL Pro Bowl 1999, 2000, 2001, 2008; NFL MVP 1999, 2001)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jake Delhomme (1998 with Amsterdam and 1999 with Frankfurt, NFL Pro Bowl 2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brad Johnson (1995 with London, NFL Pro Bowl 1999, 2002)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jon Kitna (1995 with Barcelona)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scott Mitchell (1992 with Orlando)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8867" LastEditorUserId="8867" LastEditDate="2015-01-14T18:44:03.147" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T18:44:03.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-01-14T00:23:30.173" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I cannot elaborate directly towards your question about a farm league for the NFL, there are still many indoor and Semi-Pro leagues out there if you are interested in a side bar to lower level leagues that might interest you or others reading this great post. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_and_Canadian_football_leagues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; Wiki has a great list of American Football organizations around the US and Canada that are both professional, Indoor and Semi-pro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read up on these leagues now, because who knows maybe the future will change and a couple of them will become farm leagues, or maybe not.... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8869" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T00:23:30.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4723" CreationDate="2015-01-14T14:41:02.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a clear code based on body movement and whistles for all game-relevant calls. It does happen for various reasons but unlike in, say, rugby, players and referee(s) don't really &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt; to talk much. When a situation escalates, people also insult each other or shout in their own language and you don't need to understand all the nuances to get the intent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond that, many top players have international careers so that many teams would include one or two people speaking German, Italian, etc. and a few people speaking English obviously. If you know their biographies, you will occasionally notice a French player who had a stint in Germany chatting with a referee from Austria, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4930" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T14:41:02.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7041" CreationDate="2015-01-14T16:18:04.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario 1 - Once you have an established pivot foot you have these options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stay on pivot foot and pass, start a dribble, or hold the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;take one step to non-pivot foot to shoot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;jump off of both feet and pass, start dribble, or shoot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenerio 2 - This is a bit sketchy.  You don't get to stop after taking two steps after a pass.  In a continuous motion you should have shot from this position.  Let's say it isn't a travel.  Then one of your feet will be established as a pivot (the one you move last) and then you are back to scenario 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 3 - This again sounds like a travel.  You don't get a a step and a jump after dribbling unless you are shooting or passing.  You can't take 2 steps and stop somewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T16:18:04.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-14T21:31:02.447" Score="4" ViewCount="989" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a couple of questions about the correlation between when a player is drafted and how well his career pans out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) How strong is the correlation between which round a prospective NFL player is picked and how successful their career is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Do almost all first round picks have relatively successful careers? How rare is it that an 'Elite' player comes from the second round or lower? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7767" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T06:38:47.937" Title="NFL Draft Picks compared to the Success of Career" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3639" CreationDate="2015-01-15T11:44:38.767" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Building consistency in snooker (and actually doing anything) is all about progressively adding complexity to the shots you practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A straight blue off the spot into the centre pocket is easy, right? So practice it until it becomes second nature. Once it is, progress to a thick 3/4 ball. Then 1/2 ball. Then 1/4 ball. Practice each step until you can make the shot consistently every time and the shot becomes a matter of muscle memory more than conscious effort. If you can't make the shot consistently every time, go back a stage, get that right and come back to it. Reduce the number of variables, get it right then add the complexity back one step at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a hell of a lot of work, but the reason the pros make it look so easy is because they are pros - they practice solidly 8 hours a day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would add two other suggestions...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make practicing fun. Make practicing it's own game if you can.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Don't beat yourself up it doesn't go well. We all have off days, and this goes for everything we do; work, driving the car, cleaning the house. I find that even the smallest irritation can affect my practice. Did I get enough sleep? Did I pay that bill? Have I done that thing I said I'd do? It all adds up. So relax and allow yourself the off days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8874" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T11:44:38.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8577" CreationDate="2015-01-15T15:28:43.920" Score="4" ViewCount="2399" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the arrival of more and more high caliber players to the MLS who have played in European leagues, the most recent being Steven Gerrard and David Villa, it seems that the MLS is finally becoming respected as a league that is worth playing in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the MLS makes it more attractive to these players to play in the United States than Europe, and how do the statistics (viewership, stadium attendance, salary...) compare between European leagues and the MLS?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7562" LastEditorUserId="7562" LastEditDate="2015-01-16T15:21:00.993" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T16:22:06.997" Title="Why has the MLS begun to draw more high caliber European players?" Tags="|football|international-sports|mls|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8563" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-01-15T15:35:08.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the MLS, its history, statistics, regulations or generally about the events taking place in and around the MLS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition or just because an incident from the MLS is mentioned in the body of the question, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/662/playoff-final-4-style-end-phase-in-football&quot;&gt;Playoff/Final-4 style end-phase in football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:07:38.187" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:07:38.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8564" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-01-15T15:35:08.197" Score="0" Body="Questions about Major League Soccer (MLS) - the highest level league of soccer/association football in both the US and Canada." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:09:39.980" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:09:39.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8562" CreationDate="2015-01-16T15:20:10.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd disagree that MLS has really begun to draw high caliber European players. Both of the two examples you cite, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Gerrard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Steven Gerrard&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Villa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;David Villa&lt;/a&gt;, are players approaching the end of their careers, which isn't that different from the previous higher profile European players who have played in MLS like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;David Beckham&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Henry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Thierry Henry&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; current European internationals who play in MLS. There may be one or two from some smaller countries, but I think that's fairly indicative of the level of players currently in MLS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T15:20:10.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8567" CreationDate="2015-01-16T22:41:04.820" Score="6" ViewCount="9052" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://video.nhl.com/videocenter/console?id=452881&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;spin-o-rama&lt;/a&gt; shootout (and penalty shot) tactic was changed from 'explicitly allowed' in pre-2014/15 rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spin-o-rama type move where the player completes a 360° turn as he&#xA;  approaches the goal, shall be permitted as this involves continuous&#xA;  motion. However, should the puck come to a complete stop at any time&#xA;  during the shot attempt, the shot shall be stopped and no goal will be&#xA;  the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Rule 24.2) (Source: the above article)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule now reads, in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spin-o-rama type move where the player completes a 360° turn as he&#xA;  approaches the goal, shall not be permitted. Should a player perform&#xA;  such a move during the penalty shot, the shot shall be stopped by the&#xA;  Referee and no goal will be the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2014-2015-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What caused the NHL to choose to change this rule?  And if the reason is considered solely the &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/iihf-bans-spin-o-ramas-in-shootout--penalty-shots-in-new-rule-change-161308420.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IIHF's decision to do the same earlier in the year&lt;/a&gt; or some other rule-making body's similar acts, what was the ultimate cause for &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; change?  Note that the NHL does still explicitly permit lacrosse-style moves (where the puck is picked up on the stick and then whipped into the goal), while the IIHF banned those as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm specifically looking for evidence (cited evidence from a reliable NHL source, or at minimum a sportswriter with intimate knowledge of the game) as opposed to theories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T20:26:06.430" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T20:26:06.430" Title="Why did the NHL ban the spin-o-rama?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8566" CreationDate="2015-01-16T23:10:37.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find a quote directly from the NHL, but there are tons of articles online that talk about the rule change.  The main reason that is mentioned over and over is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The puck technically has to be moving forward during the penalty shot or shoot out attempt and removing the spin-o-rama will close the grey area for the referees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/blogpost.htm?id=32403&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;As Senior Writer for NHL.com Dan Rosen explains:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spin-o-rama always bothered me, so yes I think banning it is fair. The rule is to have continuous motion and the puck can't stop. More often than not the spin-o-rama violated those principles and put the officials in a precarious position. I also don't find it particularly exciting. In fact, I think it slows the shootout down. A player skates in with speed, basically comes to a stop, spins around and tries to score that way. I understand some people thought it had entertainment value. I never did. I thought it was odd and it violated the rules, not to mention it was completely unfair to the goalie. It created a greater chance for goalie interference. I'm glad it's gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nhl/eye-on-hockey/24705516/nhls-new-rules-ban-spin-o-rama-expand-video-review-fine-divers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CBS Sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/nhl-bans-spin-o-rama--goes-after-diving-in-new-rules-203056486.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yahoo Sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/2014/09/11/new-nhl-rules-spin-o-rama-shootout-diving-overtime-trapezoid/15461831/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;USA Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T23:10:37.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8571" CreationDate="2015-01-17T06:37:20.050" Score="3" ViewCount="8228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know who was the youngest player to play in an NHL game. It would be also interesting to know also some related records (youngest goalscorer, youngest player with an assists, similar records for Stanley Cup) and Top 10 of this statistic (if it is available somewhere).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have checked &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_records_%28individual%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;List of NHL records (individual)&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia (here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_NHL_records_%28individual%29&amp;amp;oldid=642858689&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link to the current revision&lt;/a&gt;), but the only things mentioning age I found there were were that the youngest player in NHL history to win the Calder Memorial Trophy was Nathan Mackinnon and the youngest goaltender to win 300, 400, 500, 600 regular-season games was Martin Brodeur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-01-17T14:26:03.627" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T05:40:54.743" Title="Who was the youngest player to play in an NHL game?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|records|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8569" CreationDate="2015-01-17T16:06:03.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/youngest-player-to-play-in-nhl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Guinness World Records&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bep_Guidolin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Armand &quot;Bep&quot; Guidolin&lt;/a&gt; was the youngest player to ever play in an NHL game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At 16 years 11 months, Armand &quot;Bep&quot; Guidolin (Canada, b. 9 December 1925) became the youngest player to skate in an NHL game playing for the Boston Bruins (USA) in a 3-1 loss to the Toronto Maple Leafs (Canada) on 12 November 1942.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T05:40:54.743" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T05:40:54.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-17T22:01:08.033" Score="5" ViewCount="7769" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, if the ball goes through the hands of a player and hits the referee (who is out of bounds) and comes back in the court, is it a live ball, or out on last player to touch the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8887" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T04:48:57.463" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T05:10:35.320" Title="Is the ball out of bounds when hitting the referee?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8572" CreationDate="2015-01-18T05:10:35.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the referee is standing out of bounds, then the ball is out of bounds and dead as soon as it hits the referee.  It is out on the last player to touch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4312-2013-14-and-2014-15-mens-basketball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Men's Basketball 2013-14 and 2014-15 Rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 7 (Out of Bounds and the Throw-in), Section 1 (Out of Bounds - Player, Ball):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 2.&lt;/strong&gt; The ball shall be out of bounds when it touches a player who is out of&#xA;  bounds, any other person, the floor or any object on or outside a boundary, the&#xA;  supports or back of the backboard, or the ceiling or overhead equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 (Ball Caused To Go Out of Bounds):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 1.&lt;/strong&gt; The last player to touch the ball before the ball goes out of bounds caused&#xA;  the ball to go out of bounds, provided that the ball is out of bounds because it&#xA;  touched something other than a player who is out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T05:10:35.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8574" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-18T11:25:03.617" Score="3" ViewCount="366" Body="&lt;p&gt;A while ago, I got a crane stock battery for the G&amp;amp;G GR15. Of course, as things happen, I ended up getting a different gun (the ICS CXP-UK1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the CXP is wired to the front, is there a PEQ box large enough to house a crane stock battery? Or would it be more sensible to either buy a smaller battery (to fit in the RIS), or a crane stock (and wire the gun to the rear)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8889" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T13:02:02.917" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T17:04:05.373" Title="How can I wire a crane stock battery to a PEQ box?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-18T13:25:46.927" Score="4" ViewCount="976" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several competitions where teams have to travel during the season and trips might even mean difference of several time zones. This is very prominent in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KHL&lt;/a&gt; (9 hours &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=zagreb+vladivostok+time+difference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;between Vladivostok and Zagreb&lt;/a&gt;) but also in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL&lt;/a&gt; (3 hours &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=Boston+Anaheim+time+difference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;between Boston and Anaheim&lt;/a&gt;), probably some other competitions in USA, Russia and maybe some international leagues. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do team and players have some strategies to help them deal with having to change time zones quite often?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example I can mention that I read &lt;a href=&quot;http://sport.sme.sk/c/7464302/nagy-raz-ma-vyhlasili-za-najlepsieho-hraca-tyzdna-aj-v-nhl.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (article in Slovak language) that players of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Slovan_Bratislava&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Slovan Bratislava&lt;/a&gt; (KHL) stick to the daily routine as if they were still in their time zone. (Which means, for example, going to sleep very late at night - local time - which would correspond to about eleven P.M. in Bratislava.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the question is not exclusively about ice hockey, similar problems might occur in many other sports. (I have mentioned ice hockey since this is where I noticed it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T20:26:12.457" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T18:03:47.690" Title="How do teams and players adjust to changes in time zones on trips during season?" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5603" CreationDate="2015-01-18T20:34:47.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To make this site more self-contained (and also to prevent possible link rot) I will copy here a part of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/163398/163398.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;document&lt;/a&gt; cited in jamauss' answer: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Criteria for Acceptances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Singles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In determining acceptances of players for the Main Draw and Qualifying, the following&#xA;  acceptance method will be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a) ITF Junior World Ranking of the Monday before the entry deadline. In a situation&#xA;  where two or more players are ranked equally, acceptance order will be drawn by lot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;b) ATP/WTA rankings of the Monday before the entry deadline – Players ranked in the&#xA;  professional game ATP 550 or better or WTA 350 or better will always be accepted at&#xA;  the bottom of the Main Draw Acceptance List. Players ranked in the professional game&#xA;  ATP 750 or better or WTA 500 or better will always be accepted and remain at the&#xA;  bottom of the Qualifying Acceptance List.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;c) For all unranked entered players, the following acceptance method shall be followed&#xA;  firstly for vacancies in the Main Draw, if any, and then for vacancies in the Qualifying&#xA;  Acceptance List and Alternates List:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  i) – 50% of remaining places within the list will go to players from or resident in&#xA;  the country where the tournament is organised according to the national ranking&#xA;  submitted to the ITF by the host National Association. The remaining spots will&#xA;  be filled as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ii) - Players from, or resident in, other countries within the Region where the&#xA;  tournament is organised. The country will be drawn by lot and the top ranked&#xA;  player according to the national ranking who has not already been accepted will&#xA;  be accepted.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  iii) - Players from, or resident in, other countries within the Zone where the&#xA;  tournament is organised. The country will be drawn by lot as above. (This will&#xA;  include players from, or resident in, bordering countries which are not in the&#xA;  same region/zone e.g. Azerbaijan/Turkmenistan).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  iv) - Players from outside of the Zone where the tournament is organised. The&#xA;  country will be drawn by lot as above.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  v) - Any remaining players from or resident in the country where the&#xA;  tournament is organized.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the other document I will provide at least &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.usta.com/About-USTA/Player-Development/Player-Services/ITF-Junior-Rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T17:11:40.077" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:11:40.077" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-01-18T20:34:47.613" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8562" CreationDate="2015-01-19T08:45:21.567" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some change of scenery is also nice at some times. But like the previous answer already said, I don't think players at age +30 are still considered really that high caliber players in Europe. (Except the exceptional players off course.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I also think if club owners can sell those players the idea of promoting the MLS, helping to grow it, they would be interested in such a case. Football isn't nearly as popular in the US as compared to the rest of the world. A lot of players are egocentric enough that the would think, well I want to help to change that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I don't know if that's the case for players like Gerrard. He's still playing at a high enough level to already quit, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he's too old to move to another European club/Too expensive &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doesn't probably want to play at another Premier League club to not disrespect Liverpool&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, he has limited options. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it's extremely difficult to compare statistics between the European leagues and MLS.&#xA;Salary is a bit of a non-factor I'm afraid. Medium teams all around Europe can offer the same wages as MLS clubs. So if a high caliber player is good enough for Europe, he's going to Europe. That's why South-Americans go to Europe. The same amount of money, but they're playing in Europe. Much closer by the big competitions like Bundesliga, Premier League. You've got the Portugese and Dutch competitions that have good reputations to &quot;prepare&quot; players for the next step. They play at the top in those competitions, show them at European games to reach their dreams maybe and play for Bayern, Barcelona or Man Utd. That's what's pulling them toward Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLS is one competition that's static (I mean no relegation/promotion) which is a really big factor in European football. That might be something they should look into. Two (or more) connected divisions, that would maybe make football more popular in the US, more spread around the country as to 20 teams now. If it's popular, there are higher attendances, there is more income, you get more money =&gt; better competition + more money = better players =&gt; start the last sentence over (and over, and over, ...)&#xA;It has come already a long way the MLS, given its rather short length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing that they've got going for them is I think the overall accommodation. It's all newer, brighter, shinier than some of the old stadiums over here(while we still love thos :) ), the US is at the top of the world for that. And that could be an important factor in the future growth of the MLS. But you don't need the exceptional European players to become a big competition I reckon. If you don't need them for the NFL, NHL, NBA, MLB. Why so for football? Invest in the youth is my advice ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T08:45:21.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3" CreationDate="2015-01-19T14:26:25.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bit stupid to make this an answer but it's not yet (completely correct) on here. And I can not comment yet, so here goes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to posdef's answer: you can be in an offside position if a player passes backwards as much as with a forward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as the player stays behind his teammate it does not matter in which direction the pass is given. But if he is in front of his teammate and gets the pass played at him in backward direction he is still in an offside position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T14:26:25.647" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8582" CreationDate="2015-01-19T18:27:53.130" Score="7" ViewCount="1273" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Monday, January 19, 2015 the &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/boston/nfl/story/_/id/12193345/nfl-investigating-whether-new-england-patriots-deflated-footballs-indianapolis-colts&quot;&gt;NFL announced they were investigated the New England Patriots&lt;/a&gt; for deflating footballs (to make it easier to handle) during the AFC Championship game against the Indianapolis Colts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the NFL have a rule in place for sending an alternate team to the Super Bowl if one of the original two teams (winners from the AFC/NFC championships) is found &quot;ineligible&quot; due to punishment or suspension?  If so, would who would be the alternate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastEditorUserId="7614" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T20:04:08.457" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T12:17:29.497" Title="Alternate Team to Super Bowl?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8581" CreationDate="2015-01-19T18:35:09.703" Score="-3" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;My brother pointed out that this football player strongly resembles me, but he doesn't know who it is.  Who is my doppelganger? It looks like the player in the rear (third person back, on the right) is wearing a Baltimore Ravens helmet.  Of course, they could be the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XmmcO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8891" LastEditorUserId="8891" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T18:48:34.750" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T08:59:49.453" Title="Who is this football player?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-01-19T19:46:24.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8580" CreationDate="2015-01-19T19:33:09.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Gradkowski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bruce Gradkowski&lt;/a&gt;. He is Ben Roethlisberger's backup QB for the Pittsburgh Steelers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorUserId="8898" LastEditDate="2015-01-21T08:59:49.453" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T08:59:49.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8579" CreationDate="2015-01-19T20:10:56.030" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/20_2013_Emergencies_UnfairActs.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule 17, Section 2&lt;/a&gt; of the NFL rulebook includes the provision for the Commissioner to do a number of things, including reversing a game's result or rescheduling a game if things happen which&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;he deems so extraordinarily unfair or outside the accepted tactics encountered in professional football that such action has a major effect on the result of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore &lt;em&gt;in theory&lt;/em&gt; the Commissioner could use this section to reverse the result of the game and send the Colts to the Superbowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it should be noted that this provision has never been enforced in the NFL, and I think it would be stretch to argue that any tampering with the footballs had &quot;a major effect&quot; on the result of the game - the Patriots won by a country mile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T20:14:13.113" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T20:14:13.113" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-19T21:04:07.140" Score="5" ViewCount="1037" Body="&lt;p&gt;Almost all football players are drafted out of college, rather than high school, because the extra &quot;seasoning&quot; in college makes them league ready, or nearly so (this is not true in baseball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose there was a high school kicker, who could routinely kick field goals from the 50-year line or further? Would a major league team consider drafting him or her for that particular skill without the further practice in college on the theory that &quot;kicking&quot; ability is basically independent of what else happens on the field (there is normally no contact for the kicker.) Or are anti-kick defenses much better in the &quot;pros&quot; than in high school? According to NFL rules, this could take place only several years after the high school graduation, unless this person applied for, and was granted &quot;special eligibility,&quot; so maybe this person maintains the skill in junior college or abroad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And most people who are, say, 5' 5&quot; and 170 pounds (like the Houston Astros' Jose Altuve) would not be considered &quot;playable&quot; on an NFL football field, particularly if female. But could &quot;kicker&quot; be an exception to this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T21:18:41.747" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T17:10:01.027" Title="Would it be possible for a kicker from a &quot;non-traditional&quot; background to be drafted by an NFL team?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8584" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-19T21:11:27.927" Score="4" ViewCount="2146" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Little League play, a 13-year old girl, Mo'ne Davis, stunned the baseball world with her 70 mph fastball. Assuming that she &quot;fills out&quot; adequately during her adolescence, it is at least within the realm of possibility that she will develop a 90+ mph fastball with the requisite control to pitch in the majors. And if not her, perhaps another woman like her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation came about because in baseball, you &quot;play the ball, not the man.&quot; Assuming you have the required skills to handle the ball, you don't have to worry about being &quot;overpowered&quot; by a larger man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other sports other than baseball (or tennis, another &quot;non-contact&quot; sport) where there are female high schoolers (or college players) &quot;coming up&quot; that could plausibly play professionally against men? Or are the odds considered too long in contact sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:30:15.360" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T07:30:15.360" Title="Is it considered possible for women to compete with men professionally in team sports played with a ball other than baseball?" Tags="|baseball|gender|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-01-19T22:04:53.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is Korfball: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korfball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korfball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mixed sport, but mainly played in the Netherlands and Belgium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T22:04:53.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-01-19T22:41:51.610" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK Mo'ne Davis is a horrible example.  Chances are she doesn't grow at all and her fastball hits 75 mph max.  Many 13 year old girls are fully grown, height-wise.  I have personally been around 2 very athletic girls that were very similar to her - one as an umpire and another I personally coached.  The girls at 13 are just more mature than boys of that age psychologically and developmentally.  Boys hit their growing spurt around 14-15.  So girls have two years in school that they might be faster or more talented in the strength/speed sports.  [Actually 4 years ago one of my boys played against a 12 year old girl in football that was laying kids out.  She is talented and will probably have multiple big-time college offers for 2-3 sports but you would laugh if she had football pads on now.  She's 5-8 120 pounds... almost the same size as when she played football]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want a disclaimer to my answer in that I am pretty strict what I consider a sport.  Auto racing, board games, and strategy games are not sports to me.  I personally feel that bowling is not a sport (but a great game) and golf is right on the lowest fringe of sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do women have a chance?  Well not anytime soon.  They just don't have the physical attributes that will help them, unless they start altering their physical attributes.  I remember my college (large D1 school) having the WNBA players stay in the dorms over the summer.  I was on the basketball practice team.  Was probably at the level of a DIII starter but nothing great.  We would play the WNBA girls daily.  My team would include 1-2 guys from practice squade and 2-3 &quot;good&quot; pickup players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In their three weeks there the WNBA players never won a game.  They scratched, clawed, brought out their 6-7 big, it didn't matter.  They couldn't stop our first step or the power drive.   Number don't lie.  We won probably close to 100 games.  Most of these girls were stars at big D1 programs.  We didn't hold back at all (mainly because they started playing dirty in game one) but we weren't also &quot;great&quot; players.  I believe all of the girls we played were better basketball players than us - fundamentals, shooting, tactic, positioning, whatever - but the athletic disadvantage was too much to make up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What sport are women closest to catching men?  I would think it would be the marathon.  Running that distance requires using your body's existing fat reserves.  Women have an advantage here.  They can possibly be lean and in race shape with more fat in their body.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T22:41:51.610" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8583" CreationDate="2015-01-19T23:53:45.407" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples of players that came from a &quot;non-traditional&quot; background to play in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are examples of players that didn't play college football, but played another sports such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gates#College_career&quot;&gt;Antonio Gates&lt;/a&gt; who played basketball in college.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Thomas#Football&quot;&gt;Julius Thomas&lt;/a&gt; played only one year of college football after finishing his college basketball career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also examples of players that played other sports such as rugby. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Adongo&quot;&gt;Daniel Adongo&lt;/a&gt; played rugby before coming to the NFL.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000411244/article/jarryd-hayne-attempts-to-leap-from-rugby-to-nfl&quot;&gt;Jordan Hayne&lt;/a&gt; is a top level rugby player that is trying to make it in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Okoye&quot;&gt;Lawrence Okoye&lt;/a&gt; was a track and field athlete for Great Britain before entering the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as kickers, some of them played soccer before turning to football in their college careers or late in high school such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Hauschka&quot;&gt;Steven Hauschka&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-01-20T00:29:09.133" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T00:29:09.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8583" CreationDate="2015-01-20T17:00:45.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many punters originated in Australian Rules Football, or even soccer.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sav_Rocca&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sav Rocca&lt;/a&gt; for example came to the States after a successful Aussie Rules career, at 33.  Other Aussie Rules players are listed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/01/sports/la-sp-1102-aussie-punters-20101102&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, including Ben Graham, Darren Bennet, and others.  This generally yields punters, not placekickers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Havard Rugland (&quot;Kickalicious&quot;), a Norwegian adult (28 y.o. at the time), tried out for the Lions at placekicker in 2014 after a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbsnews.com/news/norwegian-kicker-dreams-of-nfl-after-viral-video/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;viral Youtube video&lt;/a&gt;.  He didn't make the team, but performed fairly well in preseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As pointed out by Ed, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nflregionalcombines.com/Docs/Eligibility%20Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules regarding draft eligibility&lt;/a&gt; prevent the specific concept in the question (a kicker coming out earlier than other players) from being implemented.  I'd also note that kickers and punters are not very well compensated compared to other players (often near minimum salaries - still nice chunk of change, but not world-moving money amounts) and are at a reduced risk of injury compared to other players, thus suggesting that they likely would be better off going to college and getting a degree rather than coming out early (simply because they could easily fail out, and need a backup plan).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, kickers and punters are not typically drafted highly - Sebastian Janikowski was one of four placekickers drafted in the first round, after all, and he was an incredible phenom in college.  The odds of a team being willing to take a risk on an 18 or 19 year old kicker seems low, particularly when most high school teams don't even kick very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T17:00:45.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-01-20T17:48:08.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most likely team sport position (of the major professional league sports in the US, ie Hockey, Basketball, Baseball, American Football, and Soccer) for a woman to play in would be kicker in the NFL; this has come fairly close a few times, with several women playing in college football in that position.  Lauren Silbermann &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/03/female-kicker-trying-out-for-nfl/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tried out&lt;/a&gt; in 2013 with the New York Jets, although she had no success (as she was injured in the tryout).  Several woman have played in college and semi-professional leagues, as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_American_football_players#College&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; notes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately even there it will be difficult for a woman to play professionally, because the leg strength for kickoffs is critical - many statisticians believe the only repeatable success kickers have is in gaining a touchback on kickoff, with most other elements being fairly random.  This would be likely the weakness for a female kickers, so even a highly accurate kicker would be weaker on kickoffs and thus have a competitive disadvantage - but who knows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T17:48:08.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-01-20T23:06:25.450" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest a woman has ever come to playing in a major North American sport is probably &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manon_Rh%C3%A9aume&quot;&gt;Manon Rhéaume&lt;/a&gt;, who was a goaltender for in the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning system. She played in an NHL exhibition game and some professional minor league games. The trend seems to be that NHL goaltenders are getting bigger, which makes a woman playing in the NHL less likely, but this might still be the most likely opportunity in North American professional sports. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The knuckleballer &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eri_Yoshida&quot;&gt;Eri Yoshida&lt;/a&gt; pitches in a Japanese (independent) minor league against men. A knuckleballer is probably the best opportunity for a woman to make it to Major League Baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the high school level, there are examples of girls winning against boys in wrestling matches. The weight classes are a huge assist at leveling the playing field there. Of course, there's not really a professional outlet there. I wonder how it would play out in boxing or MMA, although the public might not take to men fighting women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T23:06:25.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8559" CreationDate="2015-01-21T01:43:05.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on your meaning of success, I believe it can be yes in two different ways. Due to the fact that teams generally do not like to give up on early round picks, they usually hang around longer than guys who were picked in the later rounds. Therefore due to their drafted position and the length for which they are on their teams, they make a lot more money and therefore would be more successful than guys drafted later.&#xA;It should also be yes statistically as well, based off of the high competition in college it's easier to project what a player would be able to do at the next level. Also with technology today, scouts also have access to all of the players games and can watch a player for what he is good and bad at. While in the draft all of the players are very talented the best players for the most part have been taken in the earlier rounds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not say all first round picks have successful careers as some may have burned out in college and can not keep up with everyone being as talented if not more talented than they are. Elite players are the hardest ones to find. A draft usually will only have 2-5 elite guys that will simply tear up competition at the next level no matter who they go up against. For example, there has not been an elite QB drafted since Andrew Luck in the 2012 draft. Before that, Aaron Rodgers in 2005.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8898" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T01:43:05.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-01-22T06:02:30.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer this question concerning the most popular sports in the US (Baseball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, and Soccer) it can largely be view by size and athletic ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer assumes the average woman to be smaller than the average man and the athletic abilities to correspond.  It also applies to only these 5 sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of the sports listed, Basketball and Football are most reliant on size.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/average-height-weight-nfl-nba-players-2014-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This chart shows the average size of players from various sports&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those two sports, women would have basically no chance because of their limited size combined with the superior athletic ability of men.  Except for a possible long shot of kicker/punter as @Joe explains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leaves us with the other three sports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the NHL the only position that a woman would stand a chance physically is at goaltender.  @jerepierre has already touched on this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In soccer the women could match up with the average size according to the business insider article, but the men would be superior in athletic abilities such as jumping and sprinting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women would have the best chance in the MLB as a knuckle ball or junk ball pitcher.  To do this they wouldn't necessarily have to be athletic or big.  They would need to perfect their craft of being a junk baller.  This would also obviously lead to other issues besides talent, but as John Kruk once said, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/John_Kruk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lady, I'm not an athlete. I'm a professional baseball player.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously sports that combine size and athletic ability would be an advantage to men.  This encapsulates most sports.  The possible niche being a sport where technique and practice can over take.  A good example is pitching in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I stated in a comment on @Coach-D's post that I played NCAA baseball and we used to scrimmage the women basketball team at our school.  They had some players that were taller than our players, and they were more fundamentally sound than we were.  We would regularly beat them, and beat them easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thought that Mo'ne Davis could compete in the MLB with a normal skill set (by which I mean a fastball and two off-speed pitches) is absurd.  Unless she developed a devastating knuckle ball she wouldn't stand a chance.  This is purely physiological, females mature earlier than males and most likely we saw the best pure athlete that she will ever be.  Don't get me wrong she could refine mechanics and control, but the likelihood she throws over 85 MPH ever is slim.  If she were able to do that, then she would join the club of thousands of males in the minor leagues and independent leagues that can do so also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't not consider baseball a sport where you play the ball and not the man, as hitting versus a pitcher that throws in the 90's vs the 70's is a significant difference.  A sport that could fit into that is golf.  The ball lies the same no matter whom is playing it.  This leads to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annika_S%C3%B6renstam#Other_.283.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Annika Sorenstam&lt;/a&gt; who played with the men on the PGA tour and missed the cut in the Bank of America Colonial tournament.  During the same year she was able to win on the LPGA tour, leading me to believe that even for a woman to make the cut on the PGA tour would be a significant accomplishment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-01-22T22:04:53.503" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T22:04:53.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8603" CreationDate="2015-01-22T12:34:34.400" Score="6" ViewCount="3291" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the conversion rate of penalties in football versus ice hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realise that it would be different between, and dependent on the league but any two major leagues of comparable level would be interesting, for example, the NHL versus Premier League or La Liga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-20T01:27:02.907" LastActivityDate="2022-12-20T01:27:02.907" Title="Penalty shot/kick conversion rates: Football versus Ice Hockey" Tags="|football|statistics|ice-hockey|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8602" CreationDate="2015-01-22T12:44:22.770" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;way&lt;/em&gt; higher in soccer than ice hockey. In soccer, a penalty kick is quite close to an automatic goal, averaging around 85% in the English Premier League (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.myfootballfacts.com/Premier_League_Penalty_Statistics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;My Football Facts&lt;/a&gt;), whereas in ice hockey, a penalty shot has a conversion rate of around about 30% (source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2636/6126&quot;&gt;official NHL stats, via this excellent answer&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm not sure this is really an interesting comparison as the criteria for awarding penalty shots are very different between the two sports, so them having very different conversion rates doesn't indicate anything is &quot;wrong&quot;. For example, what would result in a penalty shot in ice hockey (fouling a player on a breakaway) would get you sent off in soccer, potentially a much more serious penalty, particularly as in most professional leagues that would result in the player being banned for at least one match as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T15:18:35.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7466" CreationDate="2015-01-22T13:13:48.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitch creation is a long process, those pitch are in the process to be created. Some pitches are created for net session for both team as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8899" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T13:13:48.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8606" CreationDate="2015-01-22T15:38:46.137" Score="9" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to NHL stats &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2636&quot;&gt;found here&lt;/a&gt;, the number of total power play opportunities went from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14,390 during the 2005-2006 season to &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10,227 during the 2008-2009 season to &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8,055 during the 2013-2014 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2005-2006, the lowest number of power play opportunities by a team belonged to the Florida Panthers with 411&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/stats/byteam?cat=misc&amp;amp;cut_type=0&amp;amp;sort=410&amp;amp;conference=NHL&amp;amp;year=season_2005&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, and in 2008-2009, the highest number of power play opportunities by a team belonged to the Montreal Canadiens and the Carolina Hurricanes with 374 each&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/stats/byteam?cat=misc&amp;amp;cut_type=0&amp;amp;sort=410&amp;amp;conference=NHL&amp;amp;year=season_2008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2008-2009, the lowest number of power play opportunities by a team belonged to the New Jersey Devils with 307&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/stats/byteam?cat=misc&amp;amp;cut_type=0&amp;amp;sort=410&amp;amp;conference=NHL&amp;amp;year=season_2008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, and in 2013-2014, the highest number of power play opportunities by a team belonged to the Philadelphia Flyers with 294&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/stats/byteam?cat=misc&amp;amp;cut_type=0&amp;amp;sort=410&amp;amp;conference=NHL&amp;amp;year=season_2013&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why have the number of power play opportunities steadily decreased since the 2005-2006 NHL season?&lt;/strong&gt; Excluding the lockout-shortened 2012-2013 season, there has not been one increase in the number of power play opportunities. Have there been changes, such as rule, officiating, or playing style changes, that objectively explain this phenomenon? Or are other factors in play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T16:29:06.347" Title="Why have the number of power play opportunities steadily decreased since the 2005-2006 NHL season?" Tags="|rules|officiating|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8605" CreationDate="2015-01-22T16:29:06.347" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see anything official - there have if anything been rule changes/enforcement changes to encourage calling certain penalties, such as at the beginning of 2013, but certainly there haven't been any official rules making it harder to call penalties (or removing a significant penalty from the books).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My feeling is it's three things.  First, as players get stronger/better, it becomes easier to score on power plays - so players are avoiding committing penalties more than they used to.  Second, as the league cracks down on dangerous play, some players are avoiding committing acts that might cause a penalty because they also want to avoid suspensions; they also decreased the value of the enforcer (by suspending many of them).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, referees seem to simply be not calling penalties they once used to, and the NHL is largely okay with that.  5 on 5 hockey is actually more interesting - more open - than power plays; while it leads to fewer scores, power plays are often fairly boring to watch, with teams playing sets that are largely not involving big hits or action (until they shoot, anyway).  The most interesting thing to happen during a penalty is often a shorthanded breakaway.  5 on 5 is more interesting to watch, so having more 5 on 5 is fine for the folks upstairs - and 5 on 5 scoring is doing just fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehockeynews.com/articles/45904-Power-plays-not-goal-scoring-down-in-NHL.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article from The Hockey News&lt;/a&gt; gives some background, and shows 5 on 5 scoring is still up.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.defendingbigd.com/2012/3/8/2853443/dallas-stars-penalties-minors-power-players-decrease-interference-concussions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article from Big D, a Dallas Stars blog&lt;/a&gt; goes into some of the possible reasons, and shows some more stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one thing that does seem consistent in what I read: the decrease is fewer obstruction or interference calls.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T16:29:06.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-22T18:59:06.197" Score="1" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the line marked at the first slip for the spinner? There is a light green grass at the end of pitch where the first slip for spin bowler stands or an umpire stands.I want to know why that grass is light coloured near the pitch and what is that line marked with light green color at the end of the pitch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see the image below&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IokLs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I3Apj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8904" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-01-26T14:27:47.550" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T14:52:43.973" Title="What is the line marked at the first slip for the spinner?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7392" CreationDate="2015-01-22T21:53:58.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're in a tl/dr mood, I would just say that in order to define what a catch is, the NFL had to create some dividing line between not a catch and a catch. They chose to define it as a player who establishes control of the ball, lands on the field, and then holds it for long enough to do something else. This something else is commonly referred to as a football move. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems like a reasonable enough line to draw because if a player has the time and wherewithal to do something else, he's probably done catching the ball. If he doesn't, he's probably still in the process of catching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want more detail, I wrote a longer post about this on my own blog here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wp.me/p1A2WF-ND&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://wp.me/p1A2WF-ND&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastEditorUserId="8905" LastEditDate="2015-01-22T22:25:48.487" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T22:25:48.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8583" CreationDate="2015-01-22T22:29:53.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Michael Weinreb wrote a great article for Grantland.com this fall about Scott Harding, who he calls the &quot;most interesting man in college football.&quot; Harding has a background in Australian Rules Football and plays for Hawaii as both a punter and a wide receiver. There's no saying whether he'll be drafted by an NFL team this year (he's old for a rookie) but someone like him could definitely be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T22:29:53.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-01-22T22:35:14.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of all college sports in the United States, football is the one that most resembles a professional league. In many ways, the NFL relies on colleges to act as their farm teams. The downside of this approach is that the teams cannot train players into their systems like European football academies tied soccer teams do. The upside is that fans pay way more attention to college football than they do baseball, hockey, or basketball's (relatively new) minor league programs. This way many football players are recognizable stars before they are even drafted by an NFL team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T22:35:14.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2015-01-22T23:17:48.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the major reasons for the extra days of rest is career longevity and potential for injury. As many of the answers have said pitchers can condition their body and particularly their arm to throw on shorter rest. Current Major League relief pitchers are conditioned to throw on several concurrent days. However, they throw less pitches over a 5 day span than a starting pitcher. And as the original question pointed out starting pitchers can be successful on limited rest (Madison Bumgarner). But on average a starting pitcher would have a much shorter career if he pitch serval years with only 3 days rest between starts. Today Major League clubs are looking to preserve good pitcher into their late 30s, this would not be possible on 3 days rest between starts. More often that not pitching injuries are caused by fatigue. If pitchers threw more often on 3 days rest the chance of fatigue is more likely and therefore the chance for injury is more likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find some research that would support my argument like Major League pitcher career length. But pitching career length is very short on average. I am familiar with the mechanics of throwing a baseball and it is a big stress on the small muscles, ligaments and tendons in the arm. The less they are used the longer the will function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8906" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T23:17:48.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-22T23:23:57.917" Score="0" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the AL, the DH position allows older hitters to preserve their career for several more years. Why will the National League not adopt the DH given this benefit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8906" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-23T14:38:11.570" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T16:26:42.737" Title="Why will the National League not adopt the DH?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2015-01-27T07:54:10.743" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8612" CreationDate="2015-01-23T16:26:42.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are compelling reasons to introduce the DH to the National League and compelling reasons to remove the DH from the American League. Most likely the answer to your question comes down to money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By introducing the DH to the National League, there would be 15 more starting positions across MLB. The prototypical DH is a power hitter. These types of players usually command expensive contracts. NL team owners don't want to introduce the DH so they can avoid paying those contracts. AL team owners likely have a reason to keep the DH out of NL as well. If the NL were to introduce the DH, there would be increased demand for those types of players, inflating DH salaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question points out that the DH can extend the careers of players. Old players make more money than young players, because they can become free agents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that the DH was instituted in the AL to increase offense as a way to bolster attendance, and consequently revenues. Although offense is at a low point in today's game, right now, MLB is flush with money from TV deals, so that pressure does not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T16:26:42.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8614" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-23T19:38:53.847" Score="5" ViewCount="2654" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning behind the rule that during multiple free throws for personal fouls, a substitute may enter the game only before the final attempt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T17:39:11.610" Title="Free throw substitutions" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8614" CreationDate="2015-01-23T23:15:22.733" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's just so people can't &quot;ice the shooter&quot; like they try in football by taking timeouts before someone kicks a field goal. There's no statistical proof that delaying tactics like this work (in fact, I think they are slightly counter-productive) but people would definitely still try them. By allowing subs only before the last shot, you at least give the shooter a predictable rhythm to shoot in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T23:15:22.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8614" CreationDate="2015-01-24T19:54:36.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without any real evidence, my guess here is that this is just to cut down the number of interruptions in the game. Imagine the situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Referee blows a foul on a three point attempt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the first free throw, team A substitutes in a player... &lt;em&gt;delay&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First free throw happens.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the second free throw, team B substitutes in a couple of players... &lt;em&gt;more delay&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second free throw happens.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the third free throw, team A responds to team B's substitution and makes another substitution... &lt;em&gt;yet more delay&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Better just to have one delay before the third shot, rather than three delays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note 1: admittedly a small delay in the case of professional teams, but there are a lot of free throws in the game. It's all going to add up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-01-24T19:54:36.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8607" CreationDate="2015-01-26T14:52:43.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the arrows supplied, that isn't a line as such - it's the edge of the square. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The square is the area of the playing surface that's prepared for batting, and will usually be a different colour, due to increased levels of care, particularly watering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T14:52:43.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8621" CreationDate="2015-01-26T16:04:11.260" Score="2" ViewCount="868" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the fielding team notices that one of the batsmen on the batting team is having a bad day, will they give up a chance at taking a wicket in order to keep him on the field? For example, if the batsman has a terrible strike rate and then he pops the ball up and it could be an easy out, will the fielder purposely not catch the ball in order to keep him on the field and continue being a liability to the batting team, especially if the batsmen ahead in the order are more dangerous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8917" LastEditorUserId="8917" LastEditDate="2015-01-26T19:54:02.693" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T09:52:05.393" Title="Purposely not getting a batsman out?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8620" CreationDate="2015-01-26T19:37:34.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never heard of such a situation occurring, mostly because I don't think it would be particularly effective. Assuming a batsman is swinging hard, the batsmen are going to get at least a run a ball if the fielders aren't trying to get them out, and probably more than that. That's a recipe for losing a game, even a Twenty20 game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of notes on the rules which you may not be aware of: there's no need to do anything like not catching the ball, just don't appeal. However, the batsman can always leave his wicket without an appeal being made (explicitly allowed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 27.1&lt;/a&gt;) or in the event that the fielding team does go so far as to not catch the ball, just retire out as allowed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 2.9(b)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T19:37:34.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8622" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9067" CreationDate="2015-01-26T20:45:28.657" Score="2" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a novice swordsman, learning Italian Longsword from Guy Windsor's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/9526793404&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Swordsman's Companion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, which so far has been a very helpful and instructive book. I have a question concerning the &lt;em&gt;Mulinello&lt;/em&gt; (Windmill, or Compass) exercise, as the pictures and wording only explain so much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;em&gt;Mulinello&lt;/em&gt; are done in reverse, you end up in something like &lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt; (Long Position) or &lt;em&gt;Posta Finestra&lt;/em&gt; (Window Position), but with your false edge up. The golden rule for guards is to go from a guard to a guard. &lt;strong&gt;Given this, how do you from your awkward &quot;post-reverse-Mulinello&quot; stance to a proper one?&lt;/strong&gt; (As a bonus question: would this situation come up in sparring without you being totally exposed?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After some experimentation, I have found some solutions, but I do not trust my opinion as a novice. They are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Simply twist your wrists around into &lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Posta Breve&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perform another &lt;em&gt;Mulinello&lt;/em&gt; to get to &lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Go into &lt;em&gt;Posta Finestra&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted that I am looking for an answer from a someone with Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) background. I would make the HEMA tag, but I don't have the requisite reputation here yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8919" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T14:27:11.510" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T01:18:37.620" Title="HEMA Longsword Compasses" Tags="|italian-longsword|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8634" CreationDate="2015-01-26T23:48:54.167" Score="6" ViewCount="400" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading Pat Kirwan's book, &lt;em&gt;Take Your Eye Off the Ball&lt;/em&gt;, and he states in Chapter 4 (Ground Rules) that &quot;a [running] back in the I formation is not considered a receiving threat.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this so? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it have to do with the types of backs that are used in I-formation (e.g., heavier, less agile, more North-to-South runners)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, is there something about the back's positioning in the I-formation that reduces the probability that he's a receiving threat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, is it some combination of the two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1300" LastEditorUserId="1300" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T00:03:57.223" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T17:32:11.193" Title="Why is an I-formation back not a receiving threat?" Tags="|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8620" CreationDate="2015-01-27T09:08:24.420" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the rules it is fine, no one can force bowling team to take wickets if they no intend to. Sometimes in test matches, bowling team avoid nightwatchman wicket even any player wicket to get some time pass as per the match condition that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, if a batsman is bolwed, catch or even LBW, it is umpire responsiblity to decide out even bowling team dont appeal and bowling team can never ask to umpire for a dead or no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8899" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T09:08:24.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8620" CreationDate="2015-01-27T09:52:05.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two incidents that &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; fit the case you ask , both involving the same batsman, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/9187.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Geoffrey Boycott&lt;/a&gt;, who was a great test mach opener, famed for his defensive qualities, but sometimes unwilling or incapable of stepping up the scoring rate when the situation demanded it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wctimeline/content/current/story/280582.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;1979 World Cup final&quot;&gt;1979 World Cup final&lt;/a&gt;, Boycott was dropped by the West Indian captain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Boycott, who had taken 17 overs to reach double figures, was facing&#xA;  shortly after tea when he came down the pitch to Richards and mistimed&#xA;  his stroke. The ball arced gently to Clive Lloyd, an outstanding&#xA;  fielder, even though he had already dropped Brearley, who was at wide&#xA;  mid-on. Just as slowly, Lloyd dropped it, ending up on his back with&#xA;  the ball on the turf close by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lloyd denied dropping it intentionally, but admitted that it would have been a good idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I could have watched them all day because I knew every over they&#xA;  batted was another nail in their coffin. A lot of people suggested I&#xA;  put [the catch] down purposefully just to keep him in... not true, but&#xA;  it wouldn't have been a bad tactic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYVam7txqKU#t=269&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video of the incident&lt;/a&gt;, so you can judge for yourself. I would tend to trust Lloyd's words, and you can see that he does have jump and extend to try to make the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A separate incident is the other side of the same coin. If the fielding team want to keep you in, then your teammates probably want you out. During a Test match against New Zealand, vice captain Bob Willis gave &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/604169.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ian Botham instructions to run Boycott out&lt;/a&gt; in order to increase the scoring rate to set New Zealand a 4th innings total for the final day.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T09:52:05.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8628" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8629" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" Score="0" Body="Questions about Italian Longsword" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T14:27:45.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8623" CreationDate="2015-01-27T16:31:01.497" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think I agree with Pat Kirwan here at all, unless you have more context for that quote.  Anyone who watched LaDainian Tomlinson play knows that a running back in the I formation is a capable receiver.  The Chargers used the I formation and standard Shotgun &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/178999-chargers-playbook-shotgun-and-i-formation-key-offense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;almost exclusively&lt;/a&gt;, and very frequently ran play-action passes where the RB is a significant target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess his comments are primarily along the lines related to the latter reasons from your question, though; the I form is certainly not a formation for a regular passing play to the RB, given the RB has only two or three seconds to get significantly downfield in a non-play action passing play; given his position far behind the line (4-5 yards back) and centered (so another 3-4 yards at least from the outside of the tackle box), it's not a great position to go downfield from.  Halfback screens and play action passes work well here, but regular routes don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also simply not a formation commonly used by heavy RB passing teams; they'll use the Pro formation (both backs behind the QB 2-3 yards back, one on each side), which still has significant ability to run the ball  but also has a much quicker route to beyond the line of scrimmage.  I suppose your former reason then has some truth, but from the other direction: you use I formation more often if you plan on doing less designed pass plays to the halfback.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I'm ultimately not sure that Kirwan's correct here in the modern day; between play action passing and screens, there's plenty of action involved in the halfback passing game nowadays.  Even 'big' runners can still be good receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T16:31:01.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8623" CreationDate="2015-01-28T17:32:11.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He is making a generalization about the power I offense.  Generally he is right.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You basically have three pass to run out of this formation for both the fullback and the halfback.  You have a basic side screen, you have variations of an out, and you have up and outs.  I am not going to write a chapter on each of these but can cover the basics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;side screen.  Against a deep zone this will work but you still have at least 2 DBs lurking in space.  Mainly this would be ran against an undisciplined line crashing upfield too hard.  Against man coverage this would get snuffed out with a good disciplined LB.  Against a Cover 2 or shallow sink variety defense it is low reward because you could have DBs attacking the screen zone.  The biggest problem with the side screen though is the fullback.  Basically you are putting one guy on the field that probably serves no purpose and for most purposes the defensive coach will say ignore (remember that your fast pass catching fullbacks are 1 out of 20).  The extra defender on the field will be a LB with nothing to do.  So he is watching flats and short zones or maybe blitzing.  The example in the other answer talks about Tomlinson/Chargers running the screen game out of the I.  They did a phenomenal job.  But most of the screens were off of play action and they worked because defenses were worried about one of the best runningbacks to play the game.  The screens also worked because LT was arguably a top 10 receiving RB of all time.  He could do anything in any formation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;variations of the out.  Really this is probably the most common route out of the I currently.  It gives QB a safety valve.  Often a defense has their LBs read the fullback and runningback on plays.  When LB X is assigned to the FB he reads FB.  When FB represents staying in to block LB blitzes.  When FB goes out for pass, LB X mirrors him.  In almost all cases LB X is more athletic than the FB.  LB Z mirroring the RB might not have a matchup advantage but in most cases he will not be in the negative either.  Again this works well with deep zones.  Man and Cover 2... your RB/FB will get jacked up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;up and out.  FB/RB travels straight upfield and then option route (most of the time running an out but sometimes sitting down).  This is a great route.  You are taking away the LBs ability to mirror your RB.  They must attack the pass route with the same finesse and discipline of a DB.  The linebacker is at a big big disadvantage.  This route was the staple route of the greatest show on turf (Rams circa 99-02).  It took a full two years before NFL teams could scheme on how to beat it.  Not only was its design great but they again had a dominant pass catching threat at RB - Marshall Faulk.  They forced teams to zone shallow which puts them in some variation of a Cover 2 and then you have Bruce and Holt running 20 yard ins all day.  But this is a high reward high risk route.  It often takes so much time to develop that the RB never makes it out of the break.  Remember that if he is running the route he isn't pass protecting.  Also this is given that the RB can clear the line.  D-lineman are much more disciplined now at holding the RB (legal or not) as they try to sprint through the line.  This is probably the biggest reason you don't see teams with shifty backs running this variation 10 times a game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So given the limited route tree, the putting the FB on the field that adds another defender but little threat, and the better disciplined LBs/DL are now (they are just a lot more used to passing where in the 80s power I passing caught them by surprise more) really limits what you can do out of the I.  If you have a tactical I advantage for the run though you can still pass out of the I and some of those might go to your FB/RB but that doesn't mean it was an optimal play.  Really the only way for a team to schematically beat another team with I FB/RB threats is to either have a hall of fame type RB or to have a 1 out of 20 shifty FB.  This is why you have seen so many teams in recent years get rid of FB position or to line up a TE (Miami is an example) and sometimes another RB at FB so that the receiving threat is always there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T17:32:11.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8614" CreationDate="2015-01-28T17:39:11.610" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is just to make the game run faster.  Why would a team need to do something during a dead-ball situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T17:39:11.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8678" CreationDate="2015-01-29T17:15:22.643" Score="4" ViewCount="2846" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Disclaimer:&lt;/strong&gt; I originally posted this question on &lt;a href=&quot;https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/4003/use-a-t-bar-as-a-snowboarder-without-pain&quot;&gt;Lifehacks&lt;/a&gt;, but it unfortunately belongs on here. Since both sites are in beta I will leave the original question online.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd describe myself as a rather experienced snowboarder respectively T-bar rider. I used to fall out the T-bar when I was a beginner. So now, riding the T-bar to the top isn't a problem at all. I'm having a problem with the pain I get in my inner thigh. If it's one T-bar a day it's not bad at all. But if 90% of lifts are T-bars and I'm riding a whole week in the same resort, the pain in the evenings is tremendous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to ride ski before riding snowboard, and as a skier the T-bars aren't a problem. They just pull at your butt and it won't hurt - even after a week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought about placing a small cushion at my inner thigh but I'm worried, that it will restrict me while riding down the hills.&#xA;Pulling with my arms only temporarily decreases the pressure on my thigh.&#xA;I hope there's a hacky solution to prevent the pain in my inner thigh which hopefully won't restrict my leg in movement while riding my snowboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible solution could be using some kind of &lt;strong&gt;climbing harness&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;a href=&quot;https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/4003/use-a-t-bar-as-a-snowboarder-without-pain#comment5995_4003&quot;&gt;suggested by MaxD&lt;/a&gt;, but I haven't tried that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8931" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:51:43.153" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T18:24:28.097" Title="Use a T-bar as a snowboarder without pain" Tags="|equipment|injuries|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2022-11-09T18:25:36.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8640" CreationDate="2015-01-30T04:51:35.030" Score="7" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know tennis balls go flat (even if all they do is sit there) because the interior of the ball is actually pressurized above normal atmospheric pressure, and over time some of the air leaks out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is, why aren't the balls manufactured with some material lining the interior that's properly airtight (creating balls that should never go flat)?  Do the rules of the game prohibit that sort of thing?  Or is it more that manufacturers would rather keep selling you new balls?  Or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8934" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T17:06:43.483" Title="Why are tennis balls not airtight?" Tags="|equipment|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3138" CreationDate="2015-01-30T15:08:52.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams from the same nation are spread across the two halves of the draw. So if there are 4 English teams, 2 can go in groups A to D and 2 in groups E to H. As such it can cause limitations on other teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other limitations, such as the two Manchester clubs must be in the opposite side of the draw to help confirm that they don't play on the same night, this is due to policing laws. It can all get a bit confusing but as a general rule, the first 2 sentences will be enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/champions-league/8721465/Champions-League-group-stage-draw-pots-and-permutations.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/champions-league/8721465/Champions-League-group-stage-draw-pots-and-permutations.html&lt;/a&gt; for some more help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T15:08:52.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8638" CreationDate="2015-01-30T17:06:43.483" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis balls are mostly airtight.  They're made of rubber covered with felt; the rubber is quite good at keeping air in, but not perfect.  Some of the answer as to why they are not more airtight is due to cost (it would cost more), some is tradition (tennis balls are largely built the same way they always have been, at least in a long time), and some is physics (many of the things you might do to make them completely airtight would alter the rigidity of the ball).  Realistically a rubber ball is so good at keeping air in and is so cheap that it's not really worth the extra cost to make it last longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a difference in quality of ball, though: the much nicer, and more expensive, balls are less leaky than the cheaper balls you find at Wal-Mart.  I've also seen that some are filled with &lt;a href=&quot;http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=10&quot;&gt;Sulphur Hexaflouride&lt;/a&gt;, which is a very heavy, inert gas; being heavy means it doesn't leak out nearly as fast as Nitrogen would (the other major option).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T17:06:43.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-30T22:26:12.803" Score="6" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;On two matches I lost recently, I thought I hadn't taken advantage of my opponent's serve. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One had a pretty short and dinky with a some weird spin (she had some shoulder problem).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other one had a powerful first serve which I had to block, but her second serve was easy with some kind of spin (which I blocked anyway, but I didn't realize until later that I should have tried to topspin it back, which was harder for her...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just realized that if I can tell their serve is going to be slow, then I should prepare  my grip properly (western forehand grip), and take most advantage of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think my mistake was to make a safe return, and not doing anything with it, not aggressive enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: on easy serves, should I be trying to rip every return, or should I play it safe and go for a well placed return? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-01-31T02:35:46.283" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T15:28:38.090" Title="How to take advantage of an opponent's second serve" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8642" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8671" CreationDate="2015-01-31T19:20:06.340" Score="10" ViewCount="9314" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the lowest score that has never been scored by a batsman in an innings?&#xA;For instance, there is no player who has ever scored an &lt;em&gt;82&lt;/em&gt; in T20Is. Is there a further lower score that has never been scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be great if you could answer for Test, ODIs and T20s each. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2020-04-04T08:09:09.760" Title="Lowest score that has never scored by a batsman in an innings?" Tags="|cricket|records|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8718" CreationDate="2015-01-31T23:46:44.307" Score="12" ViewCount="2518" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lately, I ran into a discussion about how basketballers barely take long shots and are often looking to break through for dunking. I'm from the Netherlands, and there is this sport called &quot;korfball&quot; which is pretty similar to basketball. The word &quot;korf&quot; translates to something which is pretty similar to a basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In korfball, you're not allowed to walk when you're in possession of the ball, which results in having to pass the ball around at a very high rate to be able to break through.  The defending team tries to find a balance between holding back (preventing break throughs) and blocking shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More important, korfballers do not care too much about not being able to break through, as (at a high level) their accuracy is crazy and they score the vast majority of their long shots. Their accuracy pushes defenders to give away less space, which opens up possibilities for breaking through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a video to get a feel of their typical accuracy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygoIb7EXWnY&amp;amp;t=2m35s&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygoIb7EXWnY&amp;amp;t=2m35s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is as follows: why don't basketballers simply take the &quot;long&quot; shot as soon as they approach the three-point line? At that distance, they are rarely so strongly defended that their shots would get blocked. I often see attempts of players trying to break through, aborting mission and taking the shot from a closer (and strongly destabilised) position. Why not take your time and shoot from a couple of meters back? Korfballers shoot (and score) from much greater distances all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more, assuming that basketballers can have an equal accuracy, scoring from the three-point line will push the defenders forward, creating more space for their beloved dunks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some data to support my question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A basketball weights 650 gram, whereas a korfbal weighs about 500 grams. A neglectable difference, if you ask me.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radius of a korfbal, korfbal &quot;basket&quot; and their ratio (the lower, the more difficult): 11 cm, 15 cm, 1.36&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radius of a basketball, radius of the hoop and their ratio (the lower, the more difficult): 12.5 cm, 22.8 cm, 1.82&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The basketball net is at a height of 3 meter, whereas a korfbal &quot;basket&quot; is at a height of 3.5 meter. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 3-pointer line is at a distance of 6.75 meter, whereas korfbal players regularly take shots in the range of 15-10 meter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, there is a board behind the basketball net which makes scoring easier&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interested in hearing your opinion!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8940" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T07:33:33.903" Title="Why don't basketballers take more long shots?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5594" CreationDate="2015-02-01T00:10:35.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My advice is &lt;em&gt;don't risk it&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You only have one set of eyes, so you should look after them well. This means buying goggles &lt;em&gt;intended for airsoft&lt;/em&gt;. Things like ski goggles (I don't know what grade they come around at) get shot out easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advice that &quot;anything plastic will work&quot; is bad advice, so you should always take proper precautions. Get goggles with the purpose of protecting your eyes from 700fps and up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in keeping your teeth and lower face intact, you might want to invest in a lower face mask (a good mesh one goes for about 10-15 GBP from most retailers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yeah-- I'd recommend buying purpose-build products.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; You asked what to buy, and I suggest the best that you can afford (within reason, of course.) I have a set of £60 goggles, although that price is mainly because they fit over my glasses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8889" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T00:10:35.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-02-01T05:17:32.737" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, NBA teams (at least) do very frequently take 3 point shots.  The median team this year takes about 22 3 point shots per game, making about 35% of them, so around 23 points out of 100 in a game (per team) are scored by the 3 point basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second off, the three point shot is indeed becoming more important as teams realize it's an effective strategy statistically speaking.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/features/the-reliance-3-pointer-whether-not-hurting-nba/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grantland&lt;/a&gt; frequently discusses this, as the stats tend to back more three pointers.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are several issues with your assumptions.  Dunks are relatively uncommon in the NBA; while they're spectacular, they're not the point of most offensive systems.  Rather, layups or short range jumpers are the primary focus.  Inside shooters hit nearly 50% of their shots, and good players can hit more than that; a 50% 2 pointer versus a 33% 3 pointer are equivalent shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good (or at least &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/smithjr01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;frequent&lt;/a&gt;) three point shooters are generally guarded when they reach the three point arc.  The reason they're not guarded of course before that is they generally won't take a shot too far beyond the line; a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/crawfja01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;few&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/curryst01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;players&lt;/a&gt; regularly make shots from well beyond the arc, but most don't, and even 'regularly' means fewer than one per two games.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA in fact considered adding a &lt;a href=&quot;http://insider.espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/10515372/jamal-crawford-the-nba-top-4-point-shooters-nba?refresh=true&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;four point shot&lt;/a&gt;, although that hasn't gone anywhere in the past year.  Overall, most players simply aren't accurate much beyond the current arc, whether due to lack of practice or difficulty.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know anything about Korfball personally, other than the basics behind what it is, so I couldn't say whether the reasons you're saying it 'should' be easy make sense.  I would note that basketball teams expect to score around 40 baskets per game plus free throws (penalty shots), each, so that's around double the scoring of korfball matches from what I can see.  Basketball is also a physical game - from what I've read korfball is not (in terms of players putting bodies on one another).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defense makes a huge difference; having someone in your face while you're shooting makes it hard to make a shot, and if you don't believe a three pointer can be blocked, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/cartevi01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vince Carter&lt;/a&gt; would like to have a word with you (in his early years, he was well known for blocking long-range shots, his first two years he averaged over a block per game as a guard, which is very unusual, and in fact was in the top 20 for blocks in 1998-1999.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also possible the ball itself is harder to shoot.  It's markedly heavier (650g vs 500g is a huge difference - nearly 1/3 heavier) and appears somewhat larger; it's also possibly different aerodynamically.  I've never shot either one, but I would suspect that NBA shooting guards are likely pretty close to as accurate as you can be for shooting a basketball; so if there is an accuracy difference, it's likely due to the nature of the game in some fashion.  (Otherwise I'd expect to see korfballers head over to the NBA and make millions...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T05:17:32.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="816" CreationDate="2015-02-01T09:18:25.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A new baseball contract can be depreciated at 100% in the first year. This would give Jeff Loria a tax deduction of 325 million in 2015 for Stanton when he is only paying 6.5 million. If Loria has another associated business which makes 325 million, he will pay no taxes on 325 million while only laying out 6.25 million.&#xA;This allows him to state that he is losing money at baseball, when in fact he is not, and allows him to avoid about 100 million on taxes at the same time.&#xA;He can then move the contract to someone else who needs a deduction.&#xA;Nice game!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8941" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T09:18:25.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8647" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-01T17:14:50.143" Score="9" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a boxer training 3 times a week. I run for about 50 minutes on all other days and when I'm feeling fresh I also jump rope for between 15 and 30 minutes after running. During training there's a lot of push ups, quite some squats and a bit of crunches. It's not enough for me. Naturally I want to focus on the muscle groups most important for boxing: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.expertboxing.com/boxing-training/boxing-workouts/most-important-muscles-for-fighting&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.expertboxing.com/boxing-training/boxing-workouts/most-important-muscles-for-fighting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My weight is right for the class I compete in. I'm 5 ft 9 in and weigh a little over 165 lbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do the following bodyweight exercises at home (I realized early on that I don't need weights because I'm a short stocky guy and develop muscles quickly without having to use any weights):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On one day I will focus on triceps and legs (2 exercises for each) with &lt;strong&gt;pushups&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;dips&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;squats&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;lunges&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other day I focus on biceps, back and abs with &lt;strong&gt;neutral grip pull ups&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;situps&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;some lower back exercises&lt;/strong&gt; from a lying facedown position. I sometimes also use my pullup bar to get into a dead hang position and then bring my knees up to a 90 degree angle or rotate both knees left and right so the crunches aren't the only exercise for abs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the 2 workouts complement each other well? Are dips necessary when I'm also working my triceps all the time with push ups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8943" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-02T14:30:46.570" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T14:30:46.570" Title="Comment my off days training routine (boxing)" Tags="|training|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-04-01T20:49:10.087" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8666" CreationDate="2015-02-02T06:03:52.397" Score="8" ViewCount="36082" Body="&lt;p&gt;A given NFL or college football team has a large variety of plays. How do players remember them all?  I don't think I could remember all those plays if I spent years studying those playbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorUserId="8945" LastEditDate="2015-02-02T08:49:44.580" LastActivityDate="2020-04-27T18:44:46.767" Title="How do football players remember so many plays?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-02-02T08:44:10.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's an enormous &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;selection bias&lt;/a&gt; going on by the time players reach the NFL - if they can't remember lots of plays, they're not going to do well in college and therefore they won't get drafted into the NFL, so the only players you see in the NFL are &lt;em&gt;automatically&lt;/em&gt; those that can remember lots of plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T08:44:10.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-02T14:45:42.900" Score="7" ViewCount="1385" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played a match with a 19 year old girl (division ? college player). During warm up we were hitting back and forth, she hit hard, had some spin, was pretty consistent, I thought this was going to be a good match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then, when we started playing, she couldn't finish the points. When we had rallies she did ok, but when it came to a short ball, or trying to put it away, she would overhit it, or hit it into the net. So it ended up being an easy short match. Maybe if she just stuck with the rallies more, and not tried being so aggressive she would have done better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have heard from some friends having problem with that too. They can rally, but then can't put away a short ball. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T02:35:14.080" Title="Why do some players have trouble finishing off a point in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4493" CreationDate="2015-02-02T15:27:15.360" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard of a new device called playsight, but I've never seen it in action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.playsight.com/whatisplaysight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.playsight.com/whatisplaysight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.playsight.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.playsight.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have it installed in some clubs. It does look pretty amazing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T15:27:15.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5629" CreationDate="2015-02-02T15:49:40.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think one is any easier than the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They each require different skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doubles requires more experience, volleys and quick reflexes, and good communication and interpersonal skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singles requires more athleticism, fitness and endurance, ground strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Navratilova took her last major title in 2006, winning the mixed doubles crown at the 2006 US Open, just short of her 50th birthday — 32 years after her first Grand Slam title in 1974.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think as you get older, doubles does end up being easier than singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T15:49:40.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-02-02T20:39:41.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to an ex NFL player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm not sure many players memorize it per se; it's more about understanding the concepts rather than just knowing every single individual play call.   I'd liken it to learning a new language- it's easier to understand the basic structure of it than it is to memorize the dictionary.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically it's not about memorizing every play step for step, it's about memorizing the base logistics of play sets(Nickle defense, dime defense, 4-3 defense, etc).  It'd be very hard to memorize every step of every play, but I'm sure there are guys out there who it comes natural to.  You gotta remember as well that teams practice these plays every single day of the season, and quite a bit of the offseason, so while you might not remember plays perfectly, you'll remember the gist of what you're supposed to do.  Case in point is when you see a Quarterback throw the ball and the WR goes the opposite direction, just might have gotten their plays mixed up a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quora.com/How-difficult-is-it-to-learn-an-NFL-playbook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T20:39:41.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8652" CreationDate="2015-02-03T00:25:21.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you are describing sounds like a player that has trouble with their &quot;transition&quot; game -  the shots and strategies you use when an opponent hits a short or attack-able shot to you and it draws you up to the net or puts you in a position to attempt hitting a winner. In my experience, players that have trouble with their transition game are your stereotypical &quot;baseline basher&quot; type players that have a pretty consistent and topspin-heavy stroke from around the baseline, but don't spend too much time developing other shots (slice, drop shots, volleys, etc.). Some players just don't develop an all-court game and try to get by on overpowering their opponent from the baseline. That type of game works up until a certain level of opponent, just not against better opponents that know how to handle power and can effectively defend against it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T00:25:21.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8660" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-03T14:17:42.123" Score="2" ViewCount="1602" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the last ball of the over. The ball hits the helmet kept behind the keeper. 5 runs will be awarded, but my question here is, will the same batsman face the first ball of the next over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8950" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-02-03T15:14:56.590" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T15:14:56.590" Title="Ball hitting helmet - change of strike?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8660" CreationDate="2015-02-03T14:41:21.313" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - penalty runs don't cause a change in the on-strike batsman, just as a no ball or wide doesn't. The normal change of bowling end then happens, and the non striker then becomes the on-strike batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered (or more precisely, not covered) by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 41(3)&lt;/a&gt; which makes no mention of the batsmen changing ends due to the award of penalty runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T14:41:21.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2892" CreationDate="2015-02-03T14:57:56.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe either of the answers posted to be entirely correct. The crucial point is that in your scenario, both batsmen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;reached the crease&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-batsman-out-of-his-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29.2(a)&lt;/a&gt; comes in effect (as opposed to 29.2(c) as quoted in Spinner's answer):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) If only one batsman is within a ground&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) it is his ground&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) it remains his ground even if he is later joined there by the other batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the first batsman reaches the crease, it becomes his ground, and it remains his ground even when the second batsman enters the crease. It doesn't matter if the batsmen crossed or not when running, all that matters is which batsman reached the crease first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If neither batsman had reached the crease when the wicket was put down, then 29.2(c) would apply and it would be the batsman closest to the crease who is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the above assumes that the wicket is put down at B's end; if the wicket is put down at A's end, nobody is out as the first batsman to reach the crease is not out as he is in his ground, and the second batsman to reach the crease is not out as his wicket has not been put down (his wicket is at the other end).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T15:03:52.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8663" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-03T15:28:55.623" Score="5" ViewCount="2568" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning to swim, but my biggest problem is breathing; not only does my heart rate rise rapidly, but I get out of breath quickly. I have read that proper exhaling plays an important role, but how do I know if I have exhaled completely? I workout 5 times a week, and I am indeed fit, but in the pool it seems like it's an entirely different challenge. Also when I turn my face to breathe, I start breathing from my nose. How do I develop the habit of breathing from my mouth? How different is it to breathe on land vs. water? How long should I keep my face turned to breathe? I can barely turn my face for a second, I guess, so how can I breathe in such a short span? Even if I breathe, it's insufficient. Is there anyone who suffered with the same problem while learning to swim? If yes, then how long did it take to overcome that issue, and how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8952" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-02-03T20:20:24.703" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T17:54:53.133" Title="Breathing issues in swimming" Tags="|technique|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-01-26T16:00:43.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8663" CreationDate="2015-02-03T17:32:40.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand your conundrum.  In a way, being fit and having good cardiovascular capacity makes finding your pace a little harder.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exhaling.  Begin exhaling while your face is still in the water and blow out as much air as possible.  Your goal is to have your lungs empty so that when your mouth and nose break the surface your body is really wanting to breathe in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your pace dictates how long your face is out of the water.  Your body is rotating on the long axis and your face breaks the surface as a result of that rotation.  If you find that period of time is too quick to get in a decent breath, then slow your arms down and exaggerate the rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Breathe in as is most natural for you: nose only or nose and mouth.  If you want to force using your mouth, there are nose clips available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may (probably will) find that your body is up to a faster pace than your breathing allows at first.  If you focus on form, particularly rotation, rather than speed the breathing becomes more natural.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found that a kick buoy helps so that I can focus on the upper body.  Rotating in one direction only for several laps helps too, that means turning your face to the same side to breathe in.  After a few laps always turning in one direction, switch and rotate to the other.  Rotating in one direction will feel natural and the other will feel weird, but that makes the rotation even so work on both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T17:32:40.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-02-03T19:28:44.253" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you call a football play it is a sequenced code.  Each section of the code refers to a certain function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take something simple on the offensive side that I have called for a college program.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;pro-right split 897 F motion right option zone right &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;pro-right &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; split &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; 8 &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; 9 &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; 7 &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; F motion &#xA;  right &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt; option zone right &lt;strong&gt;|&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;pro-right - &lt;strong&gt;formation&lt;/strong&gt;.  Typical playbook might have 10-12&#xA;  different formations.  Players will pick this up after 1-2 practices. &#xA;  It is expected that almost all players on offense understand every&#xA;  formation.  For this formation we had one receiver out left, one&#xA;  receiver out right, TE right, FB shading right, and HB 5 yards deep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;split - &lt;strong&gt;formation-variation&lt;/strong&gt;.  This is probably the most confusing&#xA;  thing about the play call.  Split in this case is that my &quot;Y&quot; concept&#xA;  receiver will be split out wider than normal to give space between TE&#xA;  and himself.  I might have 4-5 variations on our common formations. &#xA;  The variations might effect only WRs as in this case but could also&#xA;  affect lineman and the variations can be stacked.  For example in this&#xA;  call I could have said split-feet.  Split telling my Y to move out an&#xA;  extra 5 yards and feet telling my lineman that they are not to have&#xA;  any splits (might do this against a team with a good DL and longer&#xA;  pattern concepts).  In pee-wee football we have variations, maybe just&#xA;  one or two per formation.  In high school and college you could have&#xA;  5-8 per but the NFL gets whacky with this and have heard playbooks&#xA;  having 20+ variations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;897 - These are the &lt;strong&gt;patterns&lt;/strong&gt; the receivers will run.  There is&#xA;  also a lot of variance in how these are called.  In my example the &quot;X&quot;&#xA;  will run an 8, the &quot;Y&quot; will run a 9, and the &quot;Z&quot; (TE) will run a 7. &#xA;  If the RB/FB were running patterns they would need calls.  In this&#xA;  sequence I would adding &quot;halfback flat&quot; after the 897.  Without any&#xA;  sort of pass cue my FB and RB should know that they are blocking.  I&#xA;  have also coached where we would call 897 backs 00.  The zeroes&#xA;  signify no route for the backs.  And then I have coached where we call&#xA;  WR patterns going from left to right.  So if we have trips right we&#xA;  might call 4378 and the WR on left gets the 4, first trip WR on right&#xA;  gets 3, second trips WR gets 7, and end WR on right gets 8.  This&#xA;  might sound hard but it is quite easy for players once rules are in&#xA;  place.  This is actually only hard on the coach trying to call the&#xA;  play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f motion right - &lt;strong&gt;motion and extras&lt;/strong&gt;.  I am telling my fullback to&#xA;  motion right.  In this playcall he will motion facing line of&#xA;  scrimmage very slowly and will end up over the tackle.  How does he&#xA;  know that?  Because the fullback only has a few motion calls and he&#xA;  has practiced it 100 times.  He doesn't just run right until he hits&#xA;  the sideline.  He will motion to the tackle and will get the first man&#xA;  around the tackle.  This motion actually impacts everyone on the line&#xA;  and the RB too!  Since the FB has motion right, he will pick up the&#xA;  edge.  Meaning that the right side of my line will squeeze in knowing&#xA;  they have help outside.  My RB knows that he will step up to the left&#xA;  since there is already help on the right.  The left side of my line&#xA;  will block &quot;normal&quot; knowing that the RB is probably better off taking&#xA;  on a leaker than someone on the edge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;option zone right - &lt;strong&gt;check down play&lt;/strong&gt; Basically if my QB checks out&#xA;  of the pass we will run this run play.  Note that we have the FB in&#xA;  motion going here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if the play is a staple of your offense your team may just give it a nickname.  One of the schools I was at simply called this &quot;pro-right/left chuck or dive&quot;.  The players knew the play call based on the nickname.  I actually remember the FB coming over to me asking me if he should motion on the &quot;chuck or dive&quot;.  Which then we went over several scenarios on when he should or shouldn't motion and it was basically his option... unless he saw the not motion hand signal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your question.  Learning a playbook is really only rocket science for QBs.  They have to know all of the terminology for every position.  If you have a dumb QB you better pick 5-10 plays and create an option off that and go with that.  Each player is only worried about their part generally.  I would expect a player to be able to run any play after 3-4 practices without much of a problem.  Your smart players will learn everything through repetition in a couple of weeks.  I love it when a tackle smacks a receiver on the back of the head and tells him to run the right route and it happens all the time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really learning a playbook is only super complex at the pro-level.  And then it is only really hard if you are just thrown into new terminology.  See in general a high school will have a pretty easy playbook.  When a player gets to college it will be a lot harder and a lot different.  The player adjusts through repetition and generally they use the same system their entire time at college (I know this isn't always true for bigtime college amidst coaching carousel).  So really no big deal for players.  QBs might have a tough time at first but that is why not many freshman QBs start.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now pro terminology might be sort of close to college - because a lot of the NFL players came from bigtime colleges with pro concepts on offense.  So rookies may be in for a shock because the are &lt;strong&gt;learning the same thing in a different way&lt;/strong&gt;.  As a college player you learned &quot;how to speak&quot; and now you go to the NFL and someone is telling you that green tomatoes are now tomate verde.  Just like a language certain terminology that you used is mixed in but there are new things, so things do get confusing.  And then the pros have one more thing to add on to that.  They can be traded from team to team and every team will have a slightly different dialect or speak its own language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how hard is it to learn a playbook?  At pee-wee through most colleges you will learn 80% of the playbook concepts in one week and be fine if you are average intellect.  The hard part isn't learning the play.  The hard part is remember your task on the play in question when you are out of breathe and just had your ass handed to you.  I find that 90% of the &quot;Responsibilities&quot; errors come from mental mistakes of forgetting than it is from a player not knowing.  And if a player doesn't know it is generally the coaches fault for playing him there - I would &quot;quiz&quot; my players all practices and throw them some booby trap play calls.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-02-11T01:01:38.737" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T01:01:38.737" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5658" CreationDate="2015-02-04T17:24:05.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me every formation can be traced back to one of the two basic formations: 4-3-3 and 4-4-2. All the other formations are just another interpretation of player roles here, or just another way of setting the players (for instance, playing with a defensive midfielder instead of a attacking midfielder). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This in my opinion makes a lot more sense since a team always has to react on situations during the match. An example: Real Madrid mostly plays a almost classis 4-3-3 formation, with Marcelo as their left full-back. In the Primera Division, Real is almost always the better team, resulting in a lot of possesion, so Marcelo can stand much deeper (almost playing as a midfielder or even a winger). But when Real is playing against Barcelona, we mostly see Barca in possesion, so Marcelo has to think defensively more and thus will stand less deep than when having much possesion. You see that in this case, the formation in possesion can almost be described as being a 3-4-3 formation, while not being in possesion yields a 4-3-3 formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference between 4-3-3 and 4-2-2 is the number of strikers. Where 4-3-3 in most cases uses one striker and two wingers (nowadays mostly cutting inside), 4-2-2 uses 2 strikers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will give an example using the 4-4-2 formation and transform it to a 3-5-2:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gsVwN.png&quot; alt=&quot;Standard 4-4-2 formation&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we see the standard 4-4-2 formation. We see that the midfielders are all close to the center of the field, so only the Wing Backs occupy the wings. This formation is useful for 2 different tactics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A tactic where short passing is the main cause. Especially useful for teams without tall strikers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A tactic where the long ball is played to very tall strikers. This tactic is played a lot by the more fysical teams. This is why this tactic is quite popular in the English Premier League.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if we want to transform this 4-4-2 to a standard 3-5-2 we only have to move some players. First, and most important, one of the Center Backs is re-positioned as a Defensive Midfielder. This causes a big gap in the center of the field, which is catched by moving your Full-Backs closer to the center (they're actually becomming normal backs now). The last problem that has to be catched now is the center midfield, which is to heavily occupied. We catch this by moving the 2 Central Midfielders to the wings. Now our standard 3-5-2 is created:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/icB59.png&quot; alt=&quot;Standard 3-5-2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just an example. You could for instance also transform a classic 4-3-3 into a 4-2-3-1 formation. (e.g. moving your wingers back a bit, and play with a attacking midfielder). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the end we can actually state that a real formation doesn't exist, it all is about the overall tactics and players that are used in the tactics. The only way to really learn how a team plays is watch it often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8958" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T17:24:05.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8669" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-04T22:18:14.023" Score="1" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both the Browns and the Bears have been through several quarterback &quot;experiments&quot; in recent years. For example, in the Bears case it was Jay Cutler and in the Browns case Johnny Manziel. To my untrained eye, I didn't think Johnny Manziel was an NFL caliber quarterback on or off the field. Off the field reasons are obvious. But in terms of on the field, although quick and could pass fine, he wasn't taking a lot of hits in college and that is going to happen in the NFL. So I thought he wouldn't do as well because he doesn't seem to approach (several) things with a lot of intelligence. Getting hit leads to injury, etc. So not NFL caliber in my mind. In contrast, Russell Wilson is an example of someone who displays incredible intelligence as well as character. He's quick like Manziel but brings much more in terms of the mental component. Yet he was drafted 3rd round. I don't understand how NFL teams evaluate quarterbacks. and it seems somewhat haphazard, or at a minimum imprecise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a known metric or method for evaluating quarterbacks? I'd like to read more about it to see pros and cons of existing scouting methods with particular interest in quarterbacks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T23:01:10.900" Title="How do college and NFL teams evaluate quarterbacks when scouting?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8642" CreationDate="2015-02-05T08:27:53.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;: this was correct as of Feb 2015, but subject to change. For the correct answer as of Jan 2017, and a quick way of finding the current scores, see answer by Moaz0786.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Test match: lowest score never achieved by batsman in an innings as of 2015 &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;page=3;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is 229&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2aEvy.png&quot; alt=&quot;Cricinfo Test Scores 227-231&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One Day International: lowest score never achieved as of 2015 &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;page=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is 155&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/A1Mgc.png&quot; alt=&quot;Cricinfo ODI runs around 155&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T20 International: lowest score never achieved as of 2015 &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;page=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is 82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ayUBc.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A note on the method: I kept scrolling on the links until I got the impression that there was no way a missing lower score could appear. This was at 200 for tests, at 119 for ODI and at 50 for T20I. For instance in ODIs, 119 has been scored 31 times, and 3 times by Viv Richards alone, so I am pretty confident that all lower values will have been scored, but I didn't do an exhaustive check all the way down to 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2017-01-07T18:19:44.607" LastActivityDate="2017-01-07T18:19:44.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8669" CreationDate="2015-02-05T14:51:08.627" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several categories they scout on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Athleticism&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is important because NFL defenses are fast, they are going to rush you faster than college defenses, the Safeties and Corners are going to be faster on blitzes, and plays are simply going to happen a lot faster.  This is where a guy like Johnny Manziel succeeds.  He has a lot of Athleticism, he can make plays with his feet, get out of the pocket, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also has to do with height, weight and speed as well.  A tall, big armed QB is prototypical for an NFL offense, that's why guys like Ben Roethlisberger succeed, but then again, you have guys like JaMarcus Russell who don't, so that can also be a hit and miss factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arm Talent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just as it sounds, how far and accurate is a Quarterbacks arm?  Can he throw it far, can he throw it accurately, can he hit the small windows that will be in a lot of NFL games.  As in the Super Bowl, can the QB make that game ending throw, on target, for the Seahawks to win the game instead of throwing it into the defenses hands, a little behind the WR instead of in front, and the game looks different.  Obviously that doesn't mean Wilson can't make the tough throws, but you get the gist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pocket Presence&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does a QB play in the pocket, with NFL defenses rushing down your throat, how do you react.  Do you get caught off guard a lot?  Do you panic when you're getting rushed?  Do you make bad passes when you're feeling the pressure?  Anything to how you do while you're in the pocket, and waiting for the play to develop.  This is very important as it shows your composure in the pocket when you have 2 or 3 350 pound lineman looking to crush you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Football Intelligence&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This goes a long way in recruiting, and as you stated, Russell Wilson has a lot of it.  How will they do running a complex offense?  How will they do reading different types of defenses to know who they should throw it to, and who is lurking around what WR?  A quarterback is asked to do quite a bit in the offense obviously, so he is going to have to be the leader, the guy who knows it all, the guy who can read the defense and tell what passes to make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clutch Factor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something that might or might not be high on peoples list, but again, goes along with Russell Wilson in the Super Bowl.  Although he threw a bad pass, he worked the ball down the field pretty quickly and efficiently(helped a lot by that great catch, but still).  Things like that will make a QB more appealing to a scout.  How likely is it that he can stay composed to lead you on a 4th Quarter Comeback?  How does he play under pressure of being down late in the game?  Can he still make those accurate passes?  Etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Character&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can either be high on a list, or low on a list, do you want a QB that will follow all the rules, be a good person, and win you games?  Or do you not mind if they make a few mistakes, party every once in awhile, and still win you games, but has the potential to get in trouble from time to time.  This has a lot to do with the coach as well, in a sense of, &quot;Can my coach handle this type of player, and keep him in line?&quot;, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This and many other things are what scouts look for in a QB.  But you also have to understand, even if a QB has all the right tools, doesn't mean he'll succeed.  These things can only go so far in telling what type of QB he'll be.  So yeah, teams are going to miss on QB's from time to time, and sometimes they always miss.  Take Ryan Leaf for example, huge QB prospect, had all the things you want in a QB, but just couldn't make it work in the NFL.  It happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000452824/article/marcus-mariota-vs-jameis-winston-whos-better-nfl-prospect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000452824/article/marcus-mariota-vs-jameis-winston-whos-better-nfl-prospect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1632018-how-do-scouts-break-down-nfl-quarterback-prospects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Another Great Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2015-02-05T21:10:20.693" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T21:10:20.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7462" CreationDate="2015-02-05T17:04:39.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there are no rules regarding the situation you described. In many sports, wind plays a large factor in how the ball travels through the air (American Football, Soccer (Football), Baseball, Golf, etc). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Track and Field, there are rules that stipulate that the wind speed has to be under a certain amount for a record to be counted (see wind assistance). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4768" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T17:04:39.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8663" CreationDate="2015-02-05T17:54:53.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spent perhaps more time than I should have this morning during my swim thinking about your question.  I think that there may be a number of different things to think about here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On getting out of breath quickly: (1) you are learning to swim, so it is all new, particularly having your face in the water. A little adrenaline and fear goes a long way towards getting out of breath quickly.  Novice SCUBA divers are well known for rapidly emptying their tanks since they are not feeling calm, cool, and collected underwater. (2) Swimming uses all of you large body muscles - arms, legs, and core.  You need lots of oxygen to keep all those muscles going, much more than running (in my experience).  And, unlike running, you can only breath at certain times. As you get better at swimming, and more comfortable, and in better shape, your breathing will get better. Swimming well is doing lots of little things properly, and you have to intentionally focus on each little thing, make it better (and automatic), and move on to the next, eventually coming back to the first to make it even better.  Breathing is, of course, key to being able to swim, so it is something that you will have to focus on doing properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On breathing through mouth or nose: Every competitive swimmer that I have ever met breathes in through their mouth, and out through the nose or nose+mouth (when you really need to get air out fast).  You just don't have time for leisurely breaths. As an aside, you will take in water from time to time - learn to deal with it.  And, it is much easier to deal with water in the mouth than going up your nose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I will disagree with @Val above on one key point.  As a long time swimmer and swimming official, the biggest (freestyle) stroke mistake I see in newer swimmers is over rotation of the upper body during the breath.  This over rotation is probably caused by the swimmer trying to get the mouth and nose well clear of the water before breathing.  This really messes up the shoulder position, and will drag the legs around as well, which then destroys any chance of a proper kicking action. It is a stroke efficiency and effectiveness killer.  Don't go there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watch experienced swimmers, you will see that they breath while the head is looking almost parallel to the water surface, with at least part of the mouth seemingly 'under water' in the wake they are making.  Yes, every once in a while you will get some water from a wave - stay calm and swim on! Further, while the idea of just letting your head rotate with your shoulders is not bad (if the shoulders aren't over rotating - don't breath facing the ceiling!), the theory over the past decade or so in coaching is to turn the head to breath, then return to the neutral position, faster than the arm rotation.  Keeping the head in the neutral position  helps keep the body aligned better, keeping the balance of the stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your shoulders rotate to increase your arm reach forward.  Your hips will rotate a little as well, but they should not rotate anywhere near as much as the shoulders (this is where your core gets a good workout!).  You legs should not rotate much if any at all. An experiment to see how much your shoulders should rotate is as follows:  Stand with feet flat on the ground.  Keeping your shoulders level, reach upwards with one arm.  Now, pretend you have to reach just a bit more to touch something above you, but don't lift a foot off the ground (you can let the heel come off the floor, but keep the toes touching).  You will find that you rotate your shoulders, and the hand goes higher. This is the rotation you are looking for.  Anything more is too much. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I fully agree with @Val that the ability to breathe to either side is a real asset.  I started early in my career since I found I was getting side cramps on the one side I was breathing to. Always breathing facing one side of the pool cured it, and made me a better competitive swimmer since I didn't care which way I breathed - I could keep watch on a competitor, or just breathe when I needed to, without affecting my stroke.  I still do it, many decades later.     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T17:54:53.133" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-05T20:34:48.260" Score="1" ViewCount="2838" Body="&lt;p&gt;One core idea in sports analytics is to be skeptical of hot streaks as being evident of anything more than just something a normal distribution would account for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I've never understood, is would a normal distribution, as applied to sports, imply that luck randomly fluctuates, that a player's skill or ability level at any given time randomly fluctuates around some true, underlying mean, or some combination thereof?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8964" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T22:09:46.233" Title="Normal Distribution and Sports" Tags="|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-05T22:20:17.657" Score="7" ViewCount="779" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an avid bowler, have been bowling in leagues and tournaments for years now.  This year I feel like my strength hasn't been where it needs to be, and sometimes I lose momentum, and start throwing errant shots.  My question is, is there any other avid bowlers out there who have found a combination of exercises, lifting techniques, etc. that help out with bowling?  I know a lot of it is going to do with my legs, since balance is a big part of bowling, and being consistent, but I don't really know what leg exercises I should do in particular.  I'm definitely not in the gym much, so I'm kind of new to the workout scene, and I want to improve my game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have any type of workout equipment available at any big name Gym facility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-05-19T11:02:42.950" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T04:17:23.777" Title="Workout specifically for bowling?" Tags="|training|bowling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8637" CreationDate="2015-02-05T22:20:40.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would consider putting the bar behind your back leg, essentially under your butt cheek.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a short video:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ehow.com/video_4459050_do-t_bar-snowboarding.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ehow.com Riding a T-Bar on a Snowboard&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T22:20:40.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-06T04:43:53.260" Score="9" ViewCount="7117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently replaced a pair of very old, used figure skates with some inexpensive Bauer hockey skates because I heard those were better and I had the opportunity to go out on a skating &quot;ribbon&quot; while visiting friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can normally skate on a rink in a slightly wobbly way but without falling unless a child falls in front of me or something. In the new skates, I got out on the ice and instantly felt much less in control. I only fell a few times on the more difficult &quot;ribbon&quot; but the afternoon ended for me with a hard wipeout onto my knees and wrist--I'm not even sure how it happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Skating lessons may not be practical for me where I live now and I'm trying to sort out what is different about the new skates. They don't cinch tight over the toes so I think I have less awareness of how the blade is oriented in line with my foot. Without the toe pick, I think the blade starts further back on my foot so that my wipeout may have been caused by my bringing my foot down too perpendicularly and tripping myself. Also, I think these skates may be much, much better sharpened than my old clunkers, since we got them at a real hockey shop. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My knees are still smarting and purple a week later and I don't want to start chickening out so I'd appreciate any advice on what to be aware of or look for next time I'm out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8965" LastEditorUserId="8996" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T20:19:23.867" LastActivityDate="2021-01-24T16:00:08.543" Title="Got new ice skates and instantly got much worse. Why/what should I do next?" Tags="|equipment|technique|skating|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8682" CreationDate="2015-02-06T05:44:13.560" Score="4" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/the-triangle/super-bowl-new-england-patriots-seattle-seahawks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bill Barnwell writes about the 2014-15 Super Bowl&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gronkowski spent a surprising amount of time matched up early split&#xA;  out as the world’s biggest decoy against Richard Sherman, but as the&#xA;  game wore on, he ended up in matchups against linebackers and safety&#xA;  Kam Chancellor and found them more to his liking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would the Patriots split Gronkowski, arguably the Patriots' biggest receiving threat and a guy who's comfortable in the middle of the field out wide, where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2013/9/20/4747480/richard-sherman-nfl-darelle-revis-seahawks-cornerback&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Richard Sherman is at his best&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1898" LastEditDate="2015-02-07T00:29:49.677" LastActivityDate="2015-02-07T00:29:49.677" Title="Why would Belichick spilt Gronk out wide against the Seahawks?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|strategy|formations|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5060" CreationDate="2015-02-06T09:56:34.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an interesting question, one that's hard to give a satisfactory overall answer, I feel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the exact mentality and strategy will vary according to several factors, such as (in no particular order):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;how the regulation time went: If one team were leading most of the game (or at least the last quarter) with a comfortable margin, and lost the margin late in the game, it would be a very different situation I reckon, compared to an even-game. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;what's the main strength/weakness of your team vs the strength/weakness of the opponent, throughout the game. So say you are dominating in the paint, you want to play to your strength. You want to make sure your big men don't mess up on the personal fouls, they get the rest and/or support they need. Alternatively say the other team is having difficulties sinking 3s; you want to zone as aggressively as you can on the D. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of the specifics of the situation, I think the main strategy is mental management: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to maintain the ambition to win, to keep pushing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to use whatever little energy players have as efficiently as possible&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to increase teamwork, focus on good communication, especially in defense&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to not take unnecessary risks, or force shots in panic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T09:56:34.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8680" CreationDate="2015-02-06T15:43:12.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well to answer the question specifically, a big reason they chose to split him out wide against Sherman, is because of Sherman's arm injury.  A big part of Sherman's game is getting his hands on receivers, being more physical, and bumping them off their routes.  Now Gronk has 3 inches and 70 pounds on Sherman, and with his bum arm, he wasn't able to lift it and use it to full strength, so Gronk would be able to take advantage of the size differential a lot better with a less than healthy Sherman.  That's why you saw, at times in the game, other people going against Gronk, because Sherman wasn't at his best and able to be as effective against the bigger receiver like he usually is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The one thing that stands out on tape is that no matter where he(Gronkowski) lines up, the teams that disrupted him -- either at the line of scrimmage or within five yards of his release -- had the most success. Gronk is a bad man and if he gets a free run off the line, bad things happen.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2338027-richard-shermans-injury-makes-patriots-super-bowl-favorites-vs-seahawks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T15:43:12.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8669" CreationDate="2015-02-06T16:51:44.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Addressing the item above in regards to football intelligence, the other key indicator that scouts and general managers use is how the prospect scores in their pre draft Wonderlic test.  A sample of those tests that they take is here:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://wonderlictestsample.com/wonderlic-test-sample/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://wonderlictestsample.com/wonderlic-test-sample/&lt;/a&gt;. It's fairly fun to take if you are bored at work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8967" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T16:51:44.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8690" CreationDate="2015-02-06T22:18:08.857" Score="9" ViewCount="5698" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, when a team is losing by a goal in the last few minutes, the coach usually pulls the goalie and replaces them with another player, leaving the net empty, but this doesn't matter since goal difference isn't as important as it is in a sport like football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are losing by 2 goals (sometimes 3 in a playoffs game) they usually pull the goalie with about 2-3 minutes remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are losing by 1 goal, they usually pull the goalie with about 90 seconds remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I've seen in some situations, a team is losing by 1 goal, so they pull the goalie, but then the other team scores an empty net goal. Now the team is down by 2 goals, but where they would usually pull the goalie when losing by 2, they actually put the goalie back in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this done? Is it just because the empty net goal demoralizes the team? Or they think they have no chance of coming back from being 2 goals down with only a minute or so left (as opposed to the usual 2-3 minutes)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: There are cases where the above doesn't apply, like yesterday Colorado were losing 1-0 against Detroit when Patrick Roy pulled the goalie with 3 minutes left (he often pulls the goalie very early) and the other team scored an empty net goal just after, but they kept the goalie pulled even though they were now 2-0 down (and the other team actually scored another empty net goal after that making it 3-0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T20:21:37.440" Title="Why do ice hockey teams usually replace their goalie after an empty net goal?" Tags="|ice-hockey|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-07T07:03:52.400" Score="4" ViewCount="2913" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever I hear audibles discussed, it's usually in the context of offense. But obviously defensive players must modify there formations with play calling schemes too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone given an example of what the defensive version of playcalling sounds like? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-07T10:37:48.380" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:33:41.950" Title="What does defensive playcalling sound like for American football?" Tags="|american-football|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8685" CreationDate="2015-02-07T21:10:28.103" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;they usually pull the goalie with about 2-3 minutes remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is correct, but only half the story. They pull the goalie when a small amount of time is remaining &lt;em&gt;and the team has control of the puck in the offensive zone&lt;/em&gt;. Why you need control of the puck is I hope obvious, why only in the offensive zone: because there's too much risk of losing the puck one way or another while trying to advance it into the zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, why they replace the goalie after a goal is scored is fairly easy: the just scored on team doesn't have control of the puck (it's going to be 50-50 after the faceoff) and they're not in the offensive zone. Pulling the goalie is already a high risk, desperation stakes tactic - doing so when you don't have good chance of getting off a good shot on goal moves it from &quot;probably worthwhile&quot; to &quot;reduces your chances of winning&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-02-07T21:10:28.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8687" CreationDate="2015-02-07T23:53:40.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to find example play calls compared to offensive play calls. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lazytechguys.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NFL-Defensive-Call-Sheet-002-640x880.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a picture of a play call sheet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the coach would relay this to his middle line backer who would either call the play in the defensive huddle or use signals to communicate in a hurry up environment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The different packages are called from the side line and personnel is swapped, so there isn't really a formation call like on offense. Also on defense a play call is a scheme where many things can happen depending on what the offense does. It is reactionary compared to offensive play calling and scheming. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-02-07T23:53:40.180" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8692" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-08T00:14:53.847" Score="3" ViewCount="969" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some sports are sufficiently dynamic and with few enough players that coaches make up plays during the game. But American football seems sufficiently complicated I would imagine it's hard to do that as much as other sports. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To what extent do elite American coaches modify set plays during a game to adapt to new situations? Like if the defense is doing something new, how does the coach get everyone on the same page given that so many guys play on a team? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-09T14:19:20.183" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:28:09.173" Title="Do NFL or college football coaches make up plays during the game?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10294" CreationDate="2015-02-08T09:11:23.873" Score="3" ViewCount="8024" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently in a discussion I have heard that young players can only enter a limited number of senior tournaments. The number depends on the age of the player. (This information was mentioned in an interview with a coach of a girls' singles grand-slam champion, when discussing her transition into competing at senior level.) I would like to know more about these limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are limits for the number of senior tournaments a junior player can enter. Do they depend on age? Are they different for men/women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-02-08T09:16:38.020" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T13:39:21.117" Title="What are restrictions for junior tennis players on number of senior tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|wta|itf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8698" CreationDate="2015-02-08T20:55:10.120" Score="-7" ViewCount="1506" Body="&lt;p&gt;The cricket worldcup 2015 is near. I searched for some free live streaming of the cricket world cup 2015 matches but most the web sites are either asking for subscription charges or are just spam. Does anyone know where can I watch cricket matches for free?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8973" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T16:17:32.417" Title="Where to watch Free Live Streaming of Cricket World Cup 2015?" Tags="|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-02-09T11:55:08.153" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5622" CreationDate="2015-02-08T22:17:23.187" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I have found, personally is that if your marathon does not go as well as planned, you can treat it as one more long training run and then taper again for another marathon in a couple of weeks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But listen to your body. If you are feeling up to it, keep going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is great to take a break, but do not stop entirely, make sure to keep running so as not to lose all that base you built up. Then go out and just enjoy running for fun with no specific goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2015-02-08T22:17:23.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-09T05:01:53.543" Score="4" ViewCount="10477" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a batsman plays the ball, gets out Hit wicket and the ball crosses the boundary. Will the runs be considered or not?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What changes if the batsman misses the ball, is out Hit wicket, and the ball carries to the boundary? Are four byes awarded in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8977" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T07:12:54.350" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T08:27:55.587" Title="Can runs be scored by a boundary in the same legal ball as an Out - Hit wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8694" CreationDate="2015-02-09T06:24:13.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see that you are from the Indian subcontinent &amp;amp; Star Sports is the official broadcaster in the region. All the World Cup 2015 matches will be live streamed on Star Sports official website for a very small &amp;amp; affordable &amp;amp; worthy subscription fee.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the official stream is much better compared to the pirated streams is that on Star Sports stream you can watch the entire match as a replay if you miss the live event &amp;amp; shuffle between the timeline of the match. And all this in HD.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit : Just checked the subscription charge. Approx 2$ for the entire world cup. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not an advert. Just sharing my wonderful experience using the site&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2015-02-09T16:17:32.417" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T16:17:32.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8697" CreationDate="2015-02-09T11:10:10.047" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hit wicket is out so no runs will be considered and also bye is also not considered if the batsman is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastEditorUserId="20721" LastEditDate="2021-01-06T17:25:17.490" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T17:25:17.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8637" CreationDate="2015-02-09T12:26:38.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tend to hook it behind my front leg, but I do rest against the upright/cable with my arm/hand. This gives you more freedom to move the point of pressure, especially on a long/steep climb, and as I have damage to my spine from an old injury I need some way to do this, but it does preclude eating/drinking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I don't eat or drink while on the board this doesn't bother me, but it might annoy you if that is what you like to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T12:26:38.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8701" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-02-09T14:38:32.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Super Bowl is the Championship game played between the champions of NFL's 2 conferences: the NFC, and the AFC. The winner is awarded the Vince Lombardi trophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Super Bowl is the final game of the NFL playoffs, where teams qualified for the playoffs participate in knockout games based on their rankings in their respective conferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T17:17:16.190" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T17:17:16.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8702" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-02-09T14:38:32.400" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Super Bowl, the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-09T14:38:32.400" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T14:38:32.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8697" CreationDate="2015-02-09T15:35:03.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Section 9 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18&lt;/a&gt; covers this situation - in both cases &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; runs are scored. Once the batsman is dismissed no runs can be credited to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2021-01-07T08:27:55.587" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T08:27:55.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8705" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-10T15:24:28.753" Score="3" ViewCount="1496" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some people say &quot;wiggle&quot;, some &quot;weaving&quot;, anyway, it is about skating on just one skate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw some videos how it looks like but only one video how to actually learn that move -- pity the video is about roller skates: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjE-hHKFghc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;How to improve your balance, stability and steering on inline skates or rollerblades.&lt;/a&gt; -- I am not that sure if everything applies to ice skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For now I can only glide (no propulsion) on one foot, I cannot gain speed, and eventually I stop. I go ice skating daily and for 2 weeks -- no progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there is is some exercise which would help me &quot;catch&quot; the drill and go further do full wiggle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My goal &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo-Wv54jmfg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ice Hockey - Skate Forward and Backward One Foot Wiggles&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1933" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-10T15:39:02.127" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T20:19:55.543" Title="How to work out single leg ice skating?" Tags="|technique|training|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8692" CreationDate="2015-02-10T21:35:34.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my experience and reading, it doesn't seem like many &quot;spontaneous&quot; plays are made up during the course of a game, at least in most situations.  A coach sits down with his playbook, and film of the other team, and narrows his playlist down to a certain number of plays he thinks will work against said team.  He then sits down with his Quarterback and various coaches and goes through what they think will work, and narrow the list down further.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now obviously there are going to be variations of plays called, like the same play can be run from any set(ie:  single back set, i formation, spread, etc.) and there will also be variations on the actual plays, like a WR going right instead of left on a given play depending on the tendency of the other teams defense, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A coaches gameplan is very particular and they usually hash out everything before the game, as it'd be tough to just draw up a random play and have all the players understand it and make it work on the fly.  The play's the coach draws up for any given game are usually run quite a bit in practice the week before the game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d8192b29f/article/producing-a-game-plan-takes-into-account-months-of-work&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a small article that kind of explains what goes into planning for a particular game.  Doesn't say anything about making plays up on the fly, but it will give you specifics on what goes on during gameplanning in general.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T21:35:34.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8707" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-10T22:26:29.057" Score="5" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/feb/10/liverpool-tottenham-hotspur-premier-league-match-report&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/feb/10/liverpool-tottenham-hotspur-premier-league-match-report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool’s Mario Balotelli breaks league duck to sink Tottenham&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool's Mario Balotelli broke his league duck within nine minutes of coming on as a substitute against Tottenham.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a league duck? Does each player have one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8984" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T13:53:39.680" Title="What is a league duck?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8707" CreationDate="2015-02-10T22:41:21.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means his first goal in the [Premier] league (for Liverpool). I guess every player &quot;has one&quot; but with some Players it is more important. &#xA;The importance here being it took him quite a while as a striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T22:41:21.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8707" CreationDate="2015-02-10T22:41:52.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Duck&quot; means 0 in cricket, as noted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4361/why-is-getting-out-for-zero-is-called-duck-in-cricket&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;. Presumably, breaking one's &quot;league duck&quot; means getting one's first goal in the league, though I have not heard this usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_for_the_number_0_in_English#.22Love.22.2C_.22duck.22.2C_and_.22nil.22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia on ducks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T22:41:52.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8676" CreationDate="2015-02-11T15:29:37.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're partially correct, but I think you're not applying the concept of a normal distribution in quite the right way for the context. In the context of hitting streaks, it would be more appropriate to look at the normal distribution as related to hitting streaks. In other words, assuming that hitting streaks follow a normal distribution with some mean indicating the average length of a hitting streak (say, 10 games). If you assume that hitting streaks are normally distributed, then to see a hitting streak of, say, 30 games won't happen very often, but it will happen. And even hitting streaks of 56 games, like Joe Dimaggio's record, will happen, just very, very rarely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that hitting streaks follow a normal distribution does not, however, imply that a player's skill necessarily fluctuates. If you view batting average as a measurement of skill, for example, you can draw a parallel between batting average and probability. If a player has a batting average of .300, the parallel is that they have a 30% chance of getting a hit. If an event (at bat) has a 30% chance of success, and the event happens 3-4 times per game, you can calculate the expected &quot;hitting streak&quot; (i.e. minimum 1 success per game). That would be the mean of your distribution. You can also calculate the standard deviation of the streak and that gives you a normal distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we can still view a player as having a fixed skill level (which may or may not be correct) and it doesn't contradict the idea that long hitting streaks are expected to happen given the probability distribution of hitting streaks. I also think that doesn't necessarily take away from the value of a long hitting streak. A player with an &quot;underlying skill&quot; (i.e. Batting Average) of .300 is still much more likely to have a 20+ game hitting streak than a player with an &quot;underlying skill&quot; of .200.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T15:29:37.793" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8676" CreationDate="2015-02-11T15:57:41.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is starting to head into territory that might be better handled at CrossValidated, but it's interesting here nonetheless.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One concept that's important in statistics is that even if a random variable is not normally distributed (could be uniform, binomial, gamma, who knows), a sample of its means will be normally distributed.  Thus, while you cannot assume that a random sample of 50 at-bats from a player will appear normal, you &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; assume that if you take 50 samples of 50 samples that they will be approximately normally distributed, assuming the basis for the data doesn't change over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, of course, isn't an assumption you can make over a long period of time - 2500 at bats I'm sure a player will change over - but over a shorter period of time you probably can, if the player doesn't get injured and isn't in the very beginning or very end of his career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used by assuming a player's performance that year/etc. is a random sample from the inferential (but imaginary) population of all at-bats he might take, which would define his 'true' ability level.  If a player is batting .280, then the odds of his true ability level being .300 or .260 under a naïve assumption would be identically likely (and, based on the sample size, could be determined.)  Further, you could use other samples of his batting ability (say, he batted .250 last year, and .270 the year before that, and .230 the year before that) to determine what the likely overall skill level is - again assuming, naïvely, that his skill level is constant.  In this example, the .280 sounds like an outlier on the high end - a hot streak, so to speak - since his performance has fluctuated up and down around an average of .260 or so.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that's a very naïve assumption, and is certainly well behind where we stand in sports analytics.  The normal distribution assumption is still present in certain elements, but various people have used a much more powerful tool to determine what factors have predictive value as to future performance in other areas than simply a mean of batting averages.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among other things, with just a simple confidence interval, you can't assume batting average has any effect on other elements of performance (including scoring runs, etc.); instead, sports statisticians have used various forms of regression analysis to determine how the different statistics available correlate with important performance elements (particularly, scoring runs, preventing runs from scoring, and winning games, for baseball as an example).  That gives you more ability to identify whether a player is likely on a hot streak, or whether his performance has truly improved  - separating the Mike Trouts of the world from the Chris Davises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T15:57:41.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8676" CreationDate="2015-02-11T17:09:39.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One core idea in sports analytics is to be skeptical of hot streaks as being evident of anything more than just something a normal distribution would account for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That isn't true. Successes of three point shots for example, don't follow a normal distribution. They are discrete trials, each with two possible events as outcomes: success, or failure. This is best modelled using a binomial distribution. This approaches the normal distribution if you have enough samples, but for something like a hot streak of 3 pointers, you don't usually have enough samples for the binomial to start looking really like a normal distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8984" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T17:09:39.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7385" CreationDate="2015-02-11T18:47:18.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball struck the metal lining around the pocket, which is part of the table.&#xA;So this was not a foul, according to the rule given by @jacob-g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T18:47:18.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8717" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-11T22:20:10.487" Score="1" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, play group A, then play group B for second game in a back to back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8987" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T07:27:53.003" Title="Has there ever been an NBA team with alternating starting units?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-02-11T23:18:28.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldkorfball.org/matches/netherlands-belgium-1607&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;stats from the 2013 World Games final&lt;/a&gt;, I'm not seeing any evidence that high-level korfball players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;score the vast majority of their long shots&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, in that match, there were 220 shots of which only 46 were made (21%) - and that includes shots from all distances. Looking at &quot;long distance&quot; shots, the ratio drops to 22 / 141, or just under 16%. That's significantly below the three-point shooting percentage in the NBA (around a third). Unless some hard statistics are provided which show that korfball players really do make a much greater percentage of their shots than in that match, I'm not seeing any strong evidence (or really any evidence at all) that NBA-quality shooters would be better off shooting from significantly beyond the three-point line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also fits with what the statistical analysis of the NBA tells us: while the stats heads may be correct in pointing out that the three-point shot is an underutilized tactic in modern day basketball, we're not talking about a few points per game, not a &quot;world changing&quot; tactic that everyone would adopt in seconds. While professional sports coaches may be somewhat conservative when it comes to new tactics, they're not stupid - if something is so clearly better than the current tactics, they'll do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T23:18:28.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8722" CreationDate="2015-02-12T02:11:06.330" Score="7" ViewCount="622" Body="&lt;p&gt;Premier League just signed a massive 3 year GBP 5.136 billion deal. Does the amount divided among the 20 premier league clubs equally ? or the teams who finish higher in the table get more money than the teams finishing lower in the able ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just seen this article ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalsportek.com/money/premier-league-tv-rights-money-distribution/&quot;&gt;http://www.totalsportek.com/money/premier-league-tv-rights-money-distribution/&lt;/a&gt; ) which says that money from oversees tv deals is divided equally and money from domestic tv rights deal is divided 50% equally, 25% according to how teams finish in the table and 25% with each time a match is shown live on tv in uk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any idea if its true ? because in La Liga top team (real Madrid &amp;amp; Barcelon) get the bigger chunk of the tv rights money. answers will be appreciated greatly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-12T14:16:26.003" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T19:34:09.397" Title="Is premier league tv rights money divided among all 20 teams equally?" Tags="|football|finances|media|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8720" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-12T03:07:41.973" Score="5" ViewCount="2604" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a pair of dual-boa snowboard boots (K2 Maysis). I was not able to find any recommendations for how to store the boots - regarding the boa system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the boa lacing system be stored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Completely loose? I pull on the boa dial to remove my foot from the boot, and I leave the boot like that for storage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No Slack? After removing the boot, press in on the dial and tighten until no major slack remains in the boa laces.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Something else?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8990" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-02-14T07:17:33.707" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T00:42:43.550" Title="How should I store my boa-closure snowboard boots?" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7362" CreationDate="2015-02-12T10:17:54.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Always start choosing your equipment with the boots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because you're quite tall(6'2&quot; ~ 188cm), I assume you have big feet as well. Find boots that fit your feet good. Most boots will also take a form of your foot and get a bit bigger, so if the boot is a little bit tight(not more than a little bit!), it should be alright.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After trying the boots, make sure your toes can feel the tip of the boot. Lean forward a bit(bend your knees while standing), that will push your feet a bit to the back of the boot. At that moment you should still feel the tip of your boot with your toes, but you should not have any discomfort!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Another &quot;test&quot; would be a heel-lift test. Lean even more and try to lift your heels up while keeping the sole of the boot on the ground. If you can lift your heel from the boot more than 1-2 cm, try other boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I have a wide foot and quite tiny heels in comparison, so with some boots I tried I had more than 10cm heel lift. That's an immediate no-go!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you can start choosing snowboard and bindings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume you are a beginner(normally advanced boarders know how to choose equipment), so my suggestion would be to choose a rather soft rocker snowboard. It will forgive you many mistakes. If you will take a stiff camber board as your first one, there's a big chance you will end up giving up snowboarding and sell your almost new stuff. After a few years of snowboarding I changed my soft(3/10 or 2/10, not sure anymore) rocker board to a stiff(7/10) camber and first few days I was mostly eating snow.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;While choosing a snowboard, also keep in mind that with big feet you will need a wide board, otherwise you risk having toe- and heel-drag(that's when the tip and the heel of your boots are grabbing snow).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, your snowboard should be long enough to reach your neck/chin. With longer boards you will most probably have problems with turns. Then you may also look at the weight range of the board(but choosing the appropriate length and width is usually enough). Normally manufacturers put a piece of paper on each board with all technical details of the board(length, sidecut radius, waist width, weight range, etc.). Personally I don't strictly follow that weight range. I had a board for 66-84kg while my weight with all the equipment was around 100 and I loved it! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After you chose boots and snowboard you will need bindings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's not much to suggest, just make sure that binding is right size for your boots(so that your boot does sit well and is not too big/too small for that binding). Also make sure that the bindings are compatible with your board(that mostly applies to Burton and their EST system).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all: with these tips and a good seller at your local shop you shouldn't have any problems choosing your equipment!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8992" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T10:17:54.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8719" CreationDate="2015-02-12T13:08:34.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Article you have read seems pretty spot on. So a part is equally divided, another part is divided based on their final standing in the league. Can't really expand further then the article you provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't really compare the Premier League with the Primera Division on that. The English stick together and sell their individual TV rights together and divide them - more or less - equally among themselves. In Spain the big clubs rather fly solo and sell their rights individually to the highest bidders because they do not want to share their piece of the pie with the little teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T13:08:34.773" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8707" CreationDate="2015-02-12T13:53:39.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Breaking one's duck' is when someone makes their first score or achieve a particular feat for the first time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's actually answered really well in the Stack Exchange English Language &amp;amp; Usage Q&amp;amp;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/26809/broken-my-duck-is-this-a-common-idiom-phrase&quot;&gt;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/26809/broken-my-duck-is-this-a-common-idiom-phrase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:11.777" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T13:53:39.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8717" CreationDate="2015-02-12T20:26:03.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't confirm 100% but my best guess is no.  First of all, it'd be tough to find 10 players who could all start on one team, and that a team would also be able to afford.  The best example of someone doing something like this is the Greg Popovich coached Spurs, as on multiple occasions they will bench Manu Ginobili, Tony Parker, and Tim Duncan, along with others for the back end of back to back games, as a part of keeping them rested and healthy.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing that would be tough in this situation is the roster size of an NBA team.  You can currently have 12 active players for any given game, so if you had an entirely new starting 5 for the 2nd game of a back to back, you'd only have 7 total players you'd be able to play, unless you played some of the starters that are &quot;resting&quot;, which would kind of defeat the purpose of resting them, and not just starting them in the first place.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, when a team is going to play a back to back series, they will try and play their main players less than in a normal game, so if LeBron and the Cavs play a back to back, chances are, David Blatt will try and get LeBron off the court with 25+ minutes instead of his usual 35+ minutes to keep him somewhat fresh for the next game.  Most of these NBA players are in good enough shape that a back to back isn't going to hurt them much anyway.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This doesn't really have a whole lot to do with the question, but I just read an &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2014/11/26/7280545/nba-schedule-reform-regions-map-playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; stating that Adam Silver, NBA's new commish, is looking to realign the divisions and make it so that teams don't have to travel as much, and keep back to backs at a minimum to reduce the stress on players overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T20:26:03.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8741" CreationDate="2015-02-13T01:25:52.257" Score="7" ViewCount="782" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this sports court the other day and I can't figure out the rules for the game. I have no idea where I would even start looking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below are satellite images of the court. I've tried to trace one to make it more visible (there are more smaller lines that can't be seen but they appear to be minor).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/idx4Y.png&quot; alt=&quot;Drawn image outlining an unknown sports court&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QXWJg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Satellite image of an unknown sports court, 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AVxex.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Satellite image of an unknown sports court, 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wp4c4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Satellite image of an unknown sports court, 3&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8995" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T20:19:16.000" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T20:19:16.000" Title="What sports court is this, with a white circle inside a white square or triangle, and diagonal colored lines?" Tags="|trivia|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12170" CreationDate="2015-02-13T04:39:45.573" Score="4" ViewCount="2194" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skatingaheadofthecurve.com &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skatingaheadofthecurve.com/TrainingForFreeSkating.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;states&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is especially important for skaters with competitive ambition to acquire good technique. Most skaters who have not made a sufficient adaptation to Free Skating by nine or ten years of age will have difficulty ever mastering the skills necessary to be successful in the Competitive Stream. An adaptation to Free Skating is the ability to control and manipulate the course of an edge and to push the ice and create rotation effectively and efficiently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you create rotation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8996" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-16T16:06:31.617" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T04:27:06.230" Title="How do you create rotation in ice skating?" Tags="|technique|skating|ice-skating|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7030" CreationDate="2015-02-13T07:48:55.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A general tip here would be: follow some freestyle/jumping classes with a good teacher. There can be different reasons for that and a good teacher will be able to see it and guide you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are a few basic things you should think about(I learned those while snowboarding, so I'm not 100% sure if that would apply to skiing too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Approaching the kicker: make sure that last couple of meters you're going in a straight line and on the whole base of your snowboard(flat, so no carving/turning. If you carve/turn you might jump askew or even to the side and not be able to land on the landing anymore. We want to avoid that).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Takeoff: if you're a beginner in jumping, start with green kickers. They are (very) small, but they still provide (more than) enough possibility to learn. I'll split this part into 3 sub-parts for a) total beginner; b) advanced beginner; c) almost intermediate. They all use different takeoff techniques &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.a So you are a total beginner: start with green kickers. Approach it flat on your snowboard. Bend your legs a bit and wait until kicker throws you. That's passive takeoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.b Advanced beginner: I would still recommend green kickers. Technically it's almost the same as described in 2.1, but right before the takeoff extend your legs and throw your body into the air. That's active takeoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.c So now you know the difference between passive and active takeoff. Now you can try active one on the blue kickers(of course if you can successfully land on the green ones). One more takeoff that you should learn it &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollie_%28skateboarding%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ollie&lt;/a&gt;. Approaching the kicker is same as before, but now before you actually takeoff, perform an ollie(I would still suggest to practice it on a green kicker). Make sure that tail of your board reaches the end of the kicker before jumping, that will assure that you will jump far enough to reach the landing and not just the table.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the air: after you successfully takeoff, the most difficult part is there. What you &lt;em&gt;absolutely&lt;/em&gt; not want: uncontrollable turning/twisting, losing balance. First one can result in perpendicular landing and you will (most) probably get stuck in the snow, fall down and make a few rolls/summersaults(depending on your speed). Second one can(and most probably will) result in landing on anything but your snowboard. We really do &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; want it. So what should we do when we are in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.1. Make yourself small. If you watch some competitions, you will see that they (almost) always perform a grab. It doesn't only look cool, but it also makes sure you're small, so you can turn and make some corrections much faster. If you're standing straight you will have to turn your shoulders, torso, hips and legs to adjust your board. While you are small all that happens much faster. So, first thing after takeoff: &lt;em&gt;bring your feet close to your body&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.2. Keep your weight right above the snowboard. If you start shifting your weight to any side, you will start leaning more and more towards that side. Leaning forwards(towards your toes) will result in landing on your knees/stomach/chest or even face. Leaning backwards(side of your heels) will end you on your ass or back. Think about it as walking on a rope: once you lose balance it's very hard to regain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.3. Keep your hands low. It's basic physiology: with your arms up it's more difficult to get low and because of that it will also get more difficult to make some adjustments. I know it's not easy and first times when you jump you will tend to swing your arms like wings, but it has no effect. Actually, it only makes your jump worse. Once again: look at the competitors, they keep their arms low(actually on the snowboard most of the time doing a grab).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.4. Make yourself big again right before the landing. When you see you're gonna land soon, make yourself big again. Stretch your legs &lt;strong&gt;almost&lt;/strong&gt; completely to be able to absorb(depreciate) the landing. At that moment your snowboard should be pointing with your nose or tail to the slope line. Yet again, &lt;strong&gt;keep your weight right above the snowboard&lt;/strong&gt;! At this stage it's very crucial!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Landing: if you followed the previous steps good, you should now have almost fully stretched legs, your snowboard pointing towards the slope line and your weight right above the snowboard. The moment you touch the landing(or even a little bit earlier), start absorbing the jump! That means: start bending your legs again, putting more and more power to your quadriceps. Thing about your legs as suspension system of your car/bike. First few centimeters go down quite easy, but then it gets stiffer and stiffer. Same thing should your legs do.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question(&lt;em&gt;are there any ideas how to improve confidence for being airborne?&lt;/em&gt;): start jumping! Green kickers should be easy enough for you(if you can go 80-90kph without losing control I guess you're quite advanced snowboarder). There is no single way to learn something without trying it. You can compare it with bicycle: first time you got on it, you were probably scared and had zero to none balance. But after you do it more often you start getting the feel of the balance. Then you can bicycle with only 1 arm and then even without the arms! Same here: &lt;em&gt;start easy, practice and slowly build up your confidence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8992" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T07:48:55.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8727" CreationDate="2015-02-13T15:24:59.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is edges.  The blade on an ice skate actually has two edges:  one on the inside and one on the outside.  Having your weight on one versus the other causes your skate to turn.  For example: Line up your feet so the left foot is front of the right.  Have the weight of your left leg on the outside edge and the weight of your right leg on the inside edge.  Your skates will automatically turn left.  That's the basics.  When you crossover you add momentum to that dynamic.  Here's a picture I found that shows the basic idea.  The skates are inlines, but the edges and pushing are labeled.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.online-skating.com/images/articles/exemple_carre_croise_roller_en.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.online-skating.com/images/articles/exemple_carre_croise_roller_en.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;If you don't get a feel for your edges you won't be able to advance because all skating is edge work.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T15:24:59.623" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-13T19:34:05.120" Score="3" ViewCount="8558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario:  High School Girls basketball game. Foul happens, 10th foul for the team that fouled. Double bonus for other team. First shot is missed. Shooting team rebounds shoots and makes the basket. Is given 2 points. Questions being asked why? Refs conference, Points are left on the board for the rebound shot and the team originally shooting free throw is then allowed to shoot her second shoot and makes it. Why was the rebound shot permitted in the first place. Double bonus free throws, not a three point shot foul. and they were rewarded for the refs not knowing what the foul count was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were told per the rule the two points had to remain on the board even though it was technically a dead ball shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please help with this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-16T14:16:33.810" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T16:59:50.837" Title="Free throw rules" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8731" CreationDate="2015-02-13T19:50:39.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ref's were wrong, and probably left them on the board simply because they didn't know what else to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section I-Positions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. When a free throw is awarded, an official shall put the ball in&#xA;  play by placing it at the disposal of the free throw shooter. The&#xA;  shooter shall be within the upper half of the free throw circle. The&#xA;  same procedure shall be followed each time a free throw is&#xA;  administered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. During a free throw for a personal foul, each of the spaces nearest&#xA;  the endline must be occupied by an opponent of the free throw shooter.&#xA;  Teammates of the free throw shooter must occupy the next adjacent&#xA;  spaces on each side. Only one of the third adjacent spaces may be&#xA;  occupied by an opponent of the free throw shooter. It is not mandatory&#xA;  that either of the third adjacent spaces be occupied. No teammates of&#xA;  the free throw shooter are permitted in these spaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c. All other players not stationed on the free throw lane must be at&#xA;  least six feet from the free throw lane lines and three feet from the&#xA;  free throw circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d. If the ball is to become dead after the last free throw, players&#xA;  shall not take positions along the free throw lane. No players shall&#xA;  be allowed inside the free throw line extended while a free throw is&#xA;  being attempted under these conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PENALTIES:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) If the violation is by either team and the free throw attempt is&#xA;  successful or occurs on the first of multiple free throw attempts, it&#xA;  is ignored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) If the violation is by an opponent of the free throw shooter and&#xA;  the free throw attempt is unsuccessful, a substitute free throw&#xA;  attempt is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) If the violation is by a teammate of the free throw shooter, it is&#xA;  a violation as soon as the free throw is attempted. The ball is&#xA;  awarded to his opponent at the free throw line extended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section II-Shooting of Free Throw&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The free throw(s) awarded because of a personal foul shall be&#xA;  attempted by the offended player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;EXCEPTIONS:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) If the off ended player is fouled and is subsequently ejected from&#xA;  the game before shooting the awarded free throw(s), he must&#xA;  immediately leave the court and another of the four players on the&#xA;  court will be designated by the opposing coach to shoot such free&#xA;  throw(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) if the offended player is injured and cannot shoot the awarded&#xA;  free throw(s), the opposing coach shall select, from his opponent's&#xA;  bench, the player who will replace the injured player. That player&#xA;  will attempt the free throw(s) and the injured player will not be&#xA;  permitted to re-enter the game. The substitute must remain in the game&#xA;  until the next dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) If the offended player is injured and unable to shoot the awarded&#xA;  free throw(s) due to any unsportsmanlike act, his coach may designate&#xA;  any eligible member of the squad to attempt the free throw(s). The&#xA;  injured player will be permitted to re-enter the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) If the offended player is disqualified and unable to shoot the&#xA;  awarded free throw(s), his coach shall designate an eligible&#xA;  substitute from the bench. That substitute will attempt the free&#xA;  throw(s) and cannot be removed until the next dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Away from play foul (Rule 12B-Section Xa(l).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. A free throw attempt, personal or technical, shall neither be legal&#xA;  nor count unless an official handles the ball and is also in the free&#xA;  throw area when the foul try is attempted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c. A player awarded two free throws must attempt both even though the&#xA;  first attempt is nullified by a violation by an offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section III-Time Limit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each free throw attempt shall be made within 10 seconds after the ball&#xA;  has been placed at the disposal of the free thrower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section IV-Next Play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a successful free throw which is not followed by another free&#xA;  throw, the ball shall be put into play by a throw-in, as after a field&#xA;  goal if the try is successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: After a free throw for a foul which occurs during a dead&#xA;  ball which immediately precedes any period, the ball shall be put into&#xA;  play by the team entitled to the throw-in in the period which follows&#xA;  (See Rule 6-Section I-b).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the official rules.  Basically the ref's were wrong in awarding the 2 points.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nbahoopsonline.com/History/Leagues/NBA/Rules/Freethrows.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-16T16:59:50.837" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T16:59:50.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8731" CreationDate="2015-02-13T21:30:24.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't specify what rules your league operated under, and I don't know high school girl's basketball; but if they use FIBA rules or a modification thereof, there are specific procedures for correcting errors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 44 Correctable errors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;44.1. Definition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Officials may correct an error if a rule is inadvertently disregarded&#xA;    in the following situations only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Awarding an unmerited free throw(s).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Failure to award a merited free throw(s).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Erroneous awarding or cancelling of a point(s).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Permitting the wrong player to attempt a free throw(s).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This falls under the third category, the erroneous awarding of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The procedure here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;44.2.1. To be correctable the above-mentioned errors must be recognized by the officials, commissioner, if present, or table&#xA;  officials before the ball becomes live following the first dead ball&#xA;  after the game clock has started following the error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;44.2.2. An official may stop the game immediately upon recognition of a correctable error, as long as neither team is placed at a&#xA;  disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;44.2.3. Any fouls committed, points scored, time used, additional activity which may have occurred after the error has occurred and&#xA;  before its recognition, shall remain valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case you noted above, the error was noticed before the next time the ball became live, so the official should have stopped the game immediately, corrected the error, then continued play (with the second free throw).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect the referees felt that the rebound and shot meant that a 'live ball' situation had occurred and thus the play wasn't correctable any longer.  However, they have until the &lt;em&gt;next&lt;/em&gt; live ball beyond that, even if they ruled the incorrect live ball counted as a live ball situation - which it probably shouldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T21:30:24.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8693" CreationDate="2015-02-14T06:14:42.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WTA/ITF - Women Competitions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details you can look into&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 WTA Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;). Briefly summarized it says in the section &lt;strong&gt;XV. Age eligibility and player development&lt;/strong&gt; that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Players under 14 cannot enter tournaments on WTA or ITF Women's Circuit. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Above 14 players can play in Fed Cup.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14 years old player can play at 8 ITF Women's Circuit tournaments. (This limit is on the number of tournaments between her 14th and 15th birthday.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;15 years old player can play 10 tournaments (and WTA Finals or WTA Elite Trophy if she qualifies).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;16 years old player can play 12 tournaments  (and WTA Finals or WTA Elite Trophy if she qualifies).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;17 years old player can play 16 tournaments  (and WTA Finals or WTA Elite Trophy if she qualifies).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;For players that reached 18 years there is no limit on the number of professional tournaments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ITF - Junior Competitions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also limits on the number of junior tournaments a player may enter. Again, for more details see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/163398/163398.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 Junior Circuit Regulations&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.itftennis.com/media/163398/163398.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will reproduce here the table from that document (Appendix G: ITF junior circuit age eligibility rule) which gives an overview.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------|&#xA;|   Age | Number of Tournaments permitted                           |&#xA;|   18  | Unrestricted                                              |&#xA;|   17  | Unrestricted                                              |&#xA;|   16  | 25                                                        |&#xA;|   15  | 16 (and 4 additional tournaments for players in Top 20)   |&#xA;|   14  | 14 (and 4 additional tournaments for players in Top 20)   |&#xA;|   13  | 10 (and 4 additional tournaments for players in Top 50)   |&#xA;| 11/12 | 0                                                         |&#xA;--------------------------------------------------------------------|    &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-02-14T06:14:42.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-15T18:05:58.520" Score="2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having confusion in whether you can dribble the ball above your shoulder or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9005" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T18:05:58.520" Title="Is it legal to dribble the ball above your shoulder?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-02-16T13:37:03.017" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7069" CreationDate="2015-02-15T18:32:24.377" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;One official source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3.8c says that the shooter loses if he pockets the eight ball in an uncalled pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Rule 3.6 says that every shot must be called (except for the break) AND says that &quot;The eight ball may be called only after the shot on which the shooter's group has been cleared from the table.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, you cannot possibly call the eight ball on a shot as you described. And since you did not call it, you lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Side note about a common misconception in pool - If you look at rule 3.6a, if you're shooting at the eight ball you only lose on a scratch if you also pocket the eight ball. In other words, if you scratch but the eight ball doesn't go in, the game continues.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="696" LastEditDate="2018-12-30T08:06:52.170" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T08:06:52.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3364" CreationDate="2015-02-15T19:53:01.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;See Section 4.09 of the official MLB rule book &quot;How a Team Scores&quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples are provided for different scenarios, for example:&#xA;APPROVED RULING: Two out, bases full, batter hits home run over fence. Batter, on&#xA;appeal, is declared out for missing first base. Three outs. No run counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9006" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T19:53:01.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8726" CreationDate="2015-02-16T17:14:59.477" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://awana.org/art-awana-gamesquare/&quot;&gt;Awana Game Square&lt;/a&gt; (your mention of this being in a church parking lot may corroborate this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found at the aforementioned link, but as for rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams stand outside the large square along the line of their team color. In relay games, the center pin and bean bag are placed on the very center of the circle. Each team member, in turn, runs from his starting pin, around the complete circle, past his starting pin and along his color diagonal into the center of the circle for the center pin or bean bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T17:14:59.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4400" CreationDate="2015-02-16T21:42:58.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For good or bad, the authors of many training plans are or were serious runners.  Elite athletes who take the approach that &quot;any day I am not running is a day my competition just got faster than me&quot;.  These training plans also assume that you recover quickly and that you are not prone to injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These programs are only better if you want to keep improving your performance. Presuming you can handle the workload and not get injured, you will become stronger and a better runner the more you run.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your goals are more fitness-oriented or you run for pleasure or social reasons than it could be that &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; approach is better.  I hope this answers your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9009" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T21:42:58.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2015-02-16T21:50:27.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Sarge's suggestions, my suggestion is more mental than physical.  Don't let it bother you.  Try to imagine that everyone else is being slowed by the wind but for some reason it is helping you.  Or pretend that you really like it when it is windy and it makes you run faster.  I say these things (jedi mind tricks really) because there is sometimes not a lot you can do to change what is happening, but there is still a lot you can do about how you react to it.  And the weird thing is, that it really works a lot of the time!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9009" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T21:50:27.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8746" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-17T00:51:45.173" Score="12" ViewCount="2947" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Rangers vs Islanders game, and McDonaugh scored a goal while down on one knee, a bit like &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x9Ib5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;this picture&quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://video.nhl.com/videocenter/console?id=2014020838-201-ingame-h&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video of the goal&lt;/a&gt; at NHL website and on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzMSg2sreQY#t=47&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen lots of players do this before, often when someone passes across the goal on a 2 on 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason why they do it? Do you get more control/accuracy like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T16:32:16.400" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T16:32:16.400" Title="Why do some hockey players kneel as they take a shot?" Tags="|technique|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8746" CreationDate="2015-02-17T16:59:38.177" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked my friend, who played hockey in college, and she said that it is a combination of a few things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You turn some of your momentum into shot speed/power, if you do it in a single motion.  Your push off the back skate can be stronger when going down to a knee, and some of that is transferred into your lower stick arm (the right arm in the above picture).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are able to use more of your strength from the lower hand/arm/shoulder in that position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players may feel they have a higher degree of accuracy, but my friend wasn't sure whether this is true or not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found that it specifically allows a shot that is higher in the net with power; for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://howtohockey.com/how-to-perfect-the-one-timer&quot;&gt;this hockey tutorial&lt;/a&gt; shows how to do it.  They credit Brett Hull with popularizing it, and I can't say I know whether that's true or not (as my hockey watching days date to basically early Brett Hull but not before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-17T16:59:38.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8749" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8755" CreationDate="2015-02-17T23:07:31.493" Score="3" ViewCount="3169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have hard time with front crawl while other strokes are doing well. I want to understand why I can not front crawl, something wrong in technique?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Profile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Breaststroke&lt;/em&gt; - I can go on forever.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Backstroke&lt;/em&gt; is strong, I can even thrash my way to the other end doing butterfly. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Front crawl&lt;/em&gt; where breathing every three strokes with problems&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;While I'm taking a breath I'm &lt;strong&gt;sinking&lt;/strong&gt; considerably, so much so that my next stroke is just getting back to the surface, maybe the next 2! &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When I take a breath I wonder if I am &lt;strong&gt;lifting my head&lt;/strong&gt; simultaneously &lt;strong&gt;pushing my body down&lt;/strong&gt; into the water. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And the stroke immediately before I breathe kind of &lt;strong&gt;has to tread water to get my mouth to the surface&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And then I try to &lt;strong&gt;reduce breathing time and get a nose of water&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions on front crawl&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is my ectomorphic body much denser than the average so I sink faster?  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are my hands and feet very slim so are not providing good enough paddles? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is my breathing sequence wrong causing me to sink? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do I need to go just faster and reach a certain critical non-sinking velocity?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9015" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T08:18:22.810" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T04:33:06.283" Title="Swimming: why can I not front crawl?" Tags="|technique|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-04-07T08:25:42.253" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8754" CreationDate="2015-02-18T03:36:12.650" Score="1" ViewCount="2150" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball strikes the striker's person, any runs scored are credited as leg bye extras provided that the striker was either attempting a shot or trying to avoid getting hurt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For balls whose trajectory would clearly miss the stumps (hence, LBW doesn't apply), the batsman can line up his bat alongside his leg, and then kick the ball while moving the bat in sync with the leg. This makes it appear he was attempting a bat-pad shot, making him &quot;eligible&quot; to score leg byes while eliminating any possibility of getting out caught. There could be other &quot;creative&quot; ways of faking a shot while deliberately hitting it with the leg, as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this kind of misuse allowed, and if not, what is the provision in the laws against it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T12:01:28.877" Title="Is batsman allowed to &quot;score&quot; leg byes by kicking the ball while pretending to hit it with the bat?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8756" CreationDate="2015-02-18T09:14:43.943" Score="5" ViewCount="9594" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember playing NBA Live 97. This was back when the Bulls were the team to beat. And every time I would go to the Bulls roster, every player was there &lt;em&gt;except&lt;/em&gt; Michael Jordan. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/liTbu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time, I was 7 and didn't know any better. But I now realize there must have been some financial or personal reason why Jordan didn't appear. They didn't even use his number. They used number 24 and called him Roster Player.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA2K11 was an example of what Jordan did when actually let people put him in the game. That edition had so much MJ in it it got old and obnoxious. It was like every part of the game had to have Jordan on it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the history of Michael Jordan's licensing of his name and brand to video game companies? If so, can you explain why he wasn't in NBA Live 97 (when he was playing like a stud) but then suddenly had a Jordan explosion in NBA2K11 (long after he was relevant)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T18:02:00.257" Title="Why didn't Michael Jordan appear in NBA Live 97?" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8750" CreationDate="2015-02-18T09:48:07.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-26-bye-and-leg-bye/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 26 - Bye and Leg Bye&lt;/a&gt; section 2 A(i) - the striker must make a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat, and the umpire is the sole judge of this. If he or she feels the player has not made a genuine attempt (by hiding the bat behind the leg, for instance), they call &quot;dead ball&quot; (after completion of the first run), and return the batsmen to their original ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The custom of allowing completion of the first run is to allow the fielding side attempt a run-out, which will be valid if achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-02-18T12:01:28.877" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T12:01:28.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8749" CreationDate="2015-02-18T10:14:31.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disclaimer:&lt;/strong&gt; I am not a college-trained swimmer or professional, just a reasonably skilled amateur front crawl swimmer.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that your main problem is not your body's shape, nor too little speed, but simply that you cannot maintain a horizontal / streamlined body position in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could be due to your holding your upper body (head, chest) up too high, which will cause your lower body (hips, legs) to sink down. Your reaction to this might be that you start to kick harder or faster (to avoid sinking further), which means you will have to breathe more... which will again induce (possibly incorrect) movement of your upper body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try keeping your head down in the water. When you need to breathe in, do not lift your head; just turn it sideways as you tilt your body to the side. This should be enough to get your face above the water surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, do not lift your head too much in order to see what's ahead; try facing the bottom of the pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Could [it] be there my ectomorphic body is much denser than the average so I sink faster?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking from personal experience (my body has a fairly typical ectomorphic build, and I do reasonably well at the front crawl) I don't think that would be the main issue. I'd even say that tall, slim people's bodies would be more suited to floating / swimming than short or bulky people's bodies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the theory behind Total Immersion claims that being able to make your body longer improves your streamline, i.e. allows your body to glide through water with less effort. If you have long, slim arms (as is common for ectomorphs), you will be able to reach further ahead, making your body longer. So having an ectomorphic build can actually give you an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;True, if you have slim arms and hands, your &quot;paddles&quot; might be smaller, but...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Could [it] be that my hands and feet are very slim so are not providing good enough paddles.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total Immersion also states that if you want to swim faster, your primary goal should not be paddling harder or more effectively; it's much more important to reduce friction / water resistance, because that is what &lt;em&gt;constantly&lt;/em&gt; slows you down. If all you do to overcome water resistance is to paddle harder, you're actually fighting yourself, because the faster you go, the more resistance you'll get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If however you manage to create less resistance to begin with (by being in a more streamlined position), you'll automatically slow down less, and you won't have to compensate as much by paddling harder. The less you use your muscles, the less you'll need to breathe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, it's not just your hands that make the paddles; it's also your forearm's surface, at least if you your stroking arm's wrist isn't completely loose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Could it be that I need to go faster, and reach a certain critical nonsinking velocity?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems unlikely. You don't need to go fast at all for you to not sink. In fact, one exercise my swimming instructor made me do when I learnt the front crawl was trying to float (on our backs) at the same spot without moving around; the premise behind this exercise obviously being that it is &lt;em&gt;possible&lt;/em&gt; to stay afloat at 0 speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Granted, the legs do eventually sink if you don't move them &lt;em&gt;at all&lt;/em&gt;; but it takes very little kicking motion to keep them in the horizontal. Again, when you do this exercise, try not to lift your head out of the water; you might even try the opposite, &quot;resting&quot; your head on the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6324" LastEditorUserId="6324" LastEditDate="2015-02-18T10:41:14.243" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T10:41:14.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8753" CreationDate="2015-02-18T16:53:23.170" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the history of Michael Jordan's licensing of his name and brand to video game companies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jordan appeared in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecmo_NBA_Basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tecmo NBA Basketball&lt;/a&gt;, released in November 1992, which included rosters for the 1991-1992 NBA Season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around 1992, Jordan opted out of the NBA's shared licensing agreement, which had allowed the NBA to use his name and likeness&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.philly.com/1992-01-30/sports/26033743_1_athletic-shoes-and-clothing-nike-air-jordan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. I assume Jordan's appearance in Tecmo NBA Basketball was before he opted out of the NBA's shared licensing agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/tech/post/_/id/4185/michael-jordans-erratic-video-game-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about Jordan's video game history states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jordan dropped out of the virtual scene when he opted out of the National Basketball Players Association's shared licensing agreement after ushering in sports gaming on the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo in the early '90s. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If so, can you explain why he wasn't in NBA Live 97 (when he was playing like a stud) but then suddenly had a Jordan explosion in NBA2K11 (long after he was relevant)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above explains why Jordan wasn't in NBA Live 97. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, he did appear in several video games, such as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Jam_%28video_game%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Space Jam video game&lt;/a&gt; (after a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Jam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;movie&lt;/a&gt; Jordan starred in and not NBA licensed) as well as NBA Live 2000 and 2003, his only two official appearances in the NBA Live video game franchise&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/tech/post/_/id/4185/michael-jordans-erratic-video-game-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.nba-live.com/index.php?n=Games.NBALive2003&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2K Sports, the publishers of the NBA 2K series, signed Jordan to an exclusive licensing deal in 2010&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnbc.com/id/37471683&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, before the release of NBA 2K11 to include him in the game&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/tech/post/_/id/4185/michael-jordans-erratic-video-game-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-06T18:02:00.257" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T18:02:00.257" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8760" CreationDate="2015-02-18T17:37:52.483" Score="1" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came to know about the animal cruelty involved in the making of real goose feather shuttles in most cases. So I am confused about the shuttles I use to play in club, they don't look like real feather. And I don't want to buy or play with real feather shuttles. So I want to ask, is there any think like artificial feather shuttles? I read about faux feather shuttles but I don't know what faux feather means. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9019" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:03:48.123" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:03:48.123" Title="Artificial feather badminton shuttles" Tags="|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8720" CreationDate="2015-02-18T19:09:56.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had boa lacing for a few years now and although I have not read any 'official' recommendations, my answer would be... it depends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When just back from a trip I tend to leave them open to let the inside of the boots dry up. When dry though, I tend to close the inner liner, and tighten the boots up to at least as tight as they would be when my foot is in them. Part of the reason is to just make them easier to store/transport, but also so the boot and liner keeps its overall tightness and remains snug next season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that being said, my boots do not last more than 2-3 seasons of heavy use and they are ready for retirement (primarily based on slicing to the top of the rear boot supporting the board while on chair lifts) so I do not have any real long term advice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lacing system creates its tension based on winding the cable so it is not something that would stretch out from leaving it tight an extended period of time, so I cannot imagine anything other than rust affecting it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9020" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T19:09:56.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-02-19T16:11:44.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;faux&quot; is:  &lt;strong&gt;artificial or imitation; fake&lt;/strong&gt; so if you don't want to play with real feather shuttles, you can buy the &quot;faux feather&quot; shuttles and be safe to know that they aren't real feathers, but fake, imitation feathers, made to look or feel or act like real feathers, but they are not real.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/faux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Definition of &quot;Faux&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T16:11:44.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-19T18:04:46.357" Score="5" ViewCount="569" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, just like any other Indian, I also happen to be a big cricket fan! Getting straight to the point here, I just want to know something in detail about the technologies namely the '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Snicko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hotspot&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;', which are being used right now to make sure there are seldom umpiring errors. &#xA;&lt;br&gt;Hotspot has started getting negative comments stating some fault, I'd like to know about these two in detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9024" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T18:25:07.613" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T18:44:39.203" Title="What is the actual science behind the new-gen technologies namely Snicko &amp; Hotspot?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8762" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8766" CreationDate="2015-02-19T22:22:18.427" Score="9" ViewCount="2957" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an official USAV rule that states that in coed, indoors, 6-versus-6 volleyball, at least one of the 3 touches allowed by a team has to be done by a girl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My league has stated that if no girl touches the ball we lose a point, because that is the official USAV rule. Is that true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9025" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-19T07:17:03.597" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:11:22.520" Title="Do the official USAV rules for coed volleyball require a female touch?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="269" CreationDate="2015-02-20T01:54:01.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offense &quot;declares&quot; the mike (or middle) linebacker to set almost all run and pass blocking schemes. Most blocking schemes are set up against a basic 4-3 defense with the mike right in the middle.  If the defense doesn't have anyone aligned there the offense will designate a linebacker near the middle to be the mike so the linemen can set the rest of the scheme.   In zone blocking and most pass blocking schemes the center will be working with one of the guards in a combination to block a lineman and the mike.  The guard he works with will usually be to the side of the designated mike LB.  In the pros, almost all the QBs are ultimately responsible for declaring the mike because they can see the overall structure of the defense and make the right call - the safeties moving around can alter which player is best designated as the mike...the QBs are very motivated to get right in no small part due to it's importance in pass protection and, ultimately, their own health and welfare :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9026" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T01:54:01.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5800" CreationDate="2015-02-20T10:27:49.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Draws are the least common result in football. If you think about it the result can only be a draw if there are an even number of goals in a game, but it's not always a draw. An even number of goals is only fractionally more likely than an odd number of goals if you look at the historical break down of goals in a large data set of results. Home win/away win.draw typically split in the ratio 45/30/25&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T10:27:49.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8762" CreationDate="2015-02-20T14:02:16.533" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is true.  When playing co-ed indoor volleyball (also called Mixed Six), anytime your team has more than one hit, one of the hits, not including blocking, must be made by a female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a provision in the rulebook for &quot;reverse co-ed&quot; (reverse Mixed Six) where one of the touches must be made by a male.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://volleyballreftraining.com/rules_interpretations_indoor.php&quot;&gt;2013-2015 Domestic Competition Regulations&lt;/a&gt;, Co-Ed Rules (page 108):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.2 When the ball is played more than once by a team,&#xA;  a female player shall make at least one of the contacts. Contact of the ball during blocking shall not&#xA;  constitute playing the ball. There is no requirement&#xA;  for a male player to contact the ball, regardless of&#xA;  the number of hits by a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.2.1 If a team contacts the ball more than one&#xA;  time during offensive action, one of the&#xA;  contacts must be by a female player, but&#xA;  there is no restriction preventing all three&#xA;  team hits from being made by female players. Contact of the ball during blocking action does not count as one of the three team&#xA;  hits. Therefore, after a block, a male player&#xA;  may play the ball back over the net as such&#xA;  contact would be considered the first team hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.2.2 A ball contacted more than once by a team,&#xA;  without a female player having contacted&#xA;  it, remains live and does not become an&#xA;  illegal hit until it fully crosses the plane of&#xA;  the net or is contacted by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.2.3 An illegally hit ball blocked by an illegal blocker&#xA;  results in a double fault, and a playover is&#xA;  directed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T14:02:16.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8768" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-20T17:10:21.193" Score="3" ViewCount="382" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman hits a ball and the players keep running after 4 runs scored still the ball not reached the boundary. No over throw is considered. Whether all the runs will be included in batsman individual score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9031" LastEditorUserId="9035" LastEditDate="2015-02-22T04:09:26.190" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T21:56:37.763" Title="Scoring runs in a single ball" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-02-20T20:33:20.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you mean the batsman hits it, it goes over the boundary for 4 runs, and they keep running? In that case, no further runs are counted (bar any penalties awarded) as the ball is dead once it crosses the boundary - see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 23 - Dead Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event that the batsmen manage to run more than 4 runs before the ball crosses the boundary, the runs ran will count, so the batsmen get the larger number of runs - see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 19 - Boundaries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if the ball fails to cross the boundary, the batsmen are entitled to continue running until they choose to stop, or &quot;Lost ball&quot; is called. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 18 - Scoring Runs&lt;/a&gt; and  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-lost-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 20 - Lost Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T20:33:20.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2343" CreationDate="2015-02-22T08:50:49.780" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an ODI match against Pakistan, bowled by M Irfan at 0 runs. This was the series where Afridi made 88 on 48 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9036" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-02-23T03:19:40.543" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T03:19:40.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8773" CreationDate="2015-02-22T20:18:53.477" Score="8" ViewCount="11802" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm asking this question because of my ignorance of the fine aspects of drafts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose that I'm playing basketball in college (I don't know if the specific sport matters; let's stay with basketball) and I'm good enough to have a decent stab at getting into the NBA. I declare draft eligibility, and on draft night, the Phoenix Suns (say) pick me. Suppose now that I just don't want to play for them, for whatever reason (for example, because it would require me to live in Phoenix long term). Do I have a right to pass on their offer? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2021-05-22T12:09:41.567" Title="Can a collegiate player reject a draft pick?" Tags="|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8772" CreationDate="2015-02-22T20:52:49.760" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on what you mean by &amp;quot;pass on their offer&amp;quot;. Nothing requires you to sign any sort of contract with Phoenix, so you're perfectly free to ignore the fact that Phoenix have drafted you and go and get a job doing something else entirely (including, if you happen to be good enough, a different professional sport).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what you can't do is to sign a professional basketball contract with an NBA team which is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; the Phoenix Suns - in the typical language, they own your &amp;quot;draft rights&amp;quot; and have the exclusive right to sign you to an NBA contract for (normally) the next year. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q49&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Salary Cap FAQ&lt;/a&gt; details the situations in which the Suns could own your rights for more than a year - perhaps the most significant is if you play professional basketball outside the NBA, in which case they own your rights until one year after you finish playing professional basketball anywhere in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-05-22T12:09:41.567" LastActivityDate="2021-05-22T12:09:41.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8774" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-23T03:08:18.533" Score="6" ViewCount="1026" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many NHL players have (like Colorado's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/en/recap?id=2014020889&amp;amp;navid=sb:recap&amp;amp;intcmpid=sb-highlights&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nathan MacKinnon on 20th February 2015&lt;/a&gt;) have had only three shots in a game and scored a hat trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9039" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-21T09:58:40.673" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T09:58:40.673" Title="How many times has an NHL hat trick been scored with only 3 shots?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8775" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8776" CreationDate="2015-02-23T09:33:44.883" Score="1" ViewCount="2733" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been an MVP candidate that was not on the All NBA 1st team but listed on the 2nd/3rd team? I just want to know how realistically possible would it be to finish 2nd in MVP voting for the season and not be in the 1st team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9040" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T19:16:29.947" Title="MVP Candidate not on 1st Team" Tags="|nba|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8775" CreationDate="2015-02-23T14:43:05.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In summary, it is realistically possible to finish high in MVP voting and not be on the 1st All-NBA team. The information below shows when this has happened among the top three candidates for MVP in a given season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NOTE: Unless otherwise noted, the following players made 2nd All-NBA team.&lt;/sub&gt; †&lt;sub&gt;Did not make an All-NBA team&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Out of MVP winners&lt;/strong&gt; in a given season, the following did not make 1st All-NBA team that season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1972-1973 - Dave Cowens&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1973.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1957-1958, 1960-1961, 1961-1962 - Bill Russell&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1958.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1961.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;)(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1962.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I just want to know how realistically possible would it be to finish 2nd in MVP voting for the season and not be in the 1st team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Out of MVP candidates who finished second in voting for MVP&lt;/strong&gt; in a given season, the following did not make 1st All-NBA team that season: &lt;sub&gt; NOTE: The 3rd All-NBA team was not introduced until the 1988-1989 season&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-NBA_Team#1988.E2.80.9389_to_present&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1994-1995 - Shaquille O' Neal&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1995.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1993-1994 - David Robinson&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1994.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1976-1977 - Bill Walton&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1977.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1975-1976 - Bob McAdoo†&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1976.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1974-1975 - Dave Cowens&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1975.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1973-1974 - Bob McAdoo&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1974.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1968-1969 - Willis Reed&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1969.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1967-1968 - Lenny Wilkins†&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1968.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1966-1967 - Nate Thurmond†&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1967.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1959-1960 - Bill Russell&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1960.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Out of MVP candidates who finished third in voting for MVP&lt;/strong&gt;, the following did not make 1st All-NBA team that season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2013-2014 - Blake Griffin&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2014.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2012-2013 - Carmelo Anthony&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2013.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2003-2004 - Jermaine O' Neal&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2004.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1999-2000 - Alonzo Mourning&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2000.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1975-1976 - Dave Cowens&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1976.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1973-1974 - Bob Lanier†&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1974.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1971-1972 - Wilt Chamberlain&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1972.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1969-1970 - Kareem Abdul Jabbar&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1970.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1963-1964, 1966-1967 - Bill Russell&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1964.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;)(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1967.html#mvp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/all_league.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a reference for All-NBA (and All-ABA) teams and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/mvp.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is a reference for all NBA MVPs, and from there, you can search each year's MVP voting by clicking on the &quot;(V).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-02-24T15:42:05.737" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T15:42:05.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-23T16:25:39.503" Score="5" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation: a player for Team A is ruled offside (or, if you prefer, commits a foul on a Team B player). Before the ensuing indirect free kick can be taken, one of the players of Team B has a moment of madness and blatantly kicks the hell out of a player of Team A. Obviously, the Team B player is going to get a red card, but what happens with the ball? Do Team B get to keep the indirect free kick, or is it overridden with a free kick (or penalty kick, if inside the area) in favor of Team A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T01:28:15.473" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T01:28:15.473" Title="Can a foul be overriden before it is taken?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-02-23T16:38:37.400" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sure the batsman is allowed to run as long as he desires if the ball is not over the boundary line. The question is if the batsman run 6 times, will he be entitled as hitting a sixer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9041" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T16:38:37.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8774" CreationDate="2015-02-23T18:36:09.460" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hockey Reference was able to at least partially answer this; I only searched on goals=3 and goals=4 (so a 5+ goal game wouldn't show up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems to be a very common occurrence.  For example, it happened 7 times so far this season; Shawn Matthias (of Vancouver) scored 3 goals on 3 shots on 2/13 versus Boston.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=&amp;amp;year_max=&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;pos=S&amp;amp;c1stat=shots&amp;amp;c1comp=eq&amp;amp;c1val=3&amp;amp;c2stat=goals&amp;amp;c2comp=eq&amp;amp;c2val=3&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;order_by=goals&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=200&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hockey-Reference search&lt;/a&gt;, it occurred 233 times since 1987 (when their database begins keeping track).  It also showed 10 4 goal-4 shot games.  I didn't look beyond that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T18:36:09.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8777" CreationDate="2015-02-23T23:14:25.650" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fouls are called &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; for offences which are committed by a player on the field of play &lt;em&gt;while the ball is in play&lt;/em&gt;. (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27%5f06%5f2014%5fnew--lawsofthegameweben%5fneutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Interpretations of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees&lt;/a&gt;, page 117.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is out of play because the play was stopped by the referee because of a previous offence, no free kick is given, only the persons involved in the misconduct may be cautioned or sent off. So, in your example, the Team B player will be sent off, however, the play will be restarted with the original free kick for Team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Similarly, free kicks are not awarded for misconduct by e.g. a manager, nor for a misconduct of a player outside the field of play. If the referee needs to stop the play because of such misconduct, &lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt; team will be given a free kick, and the play will be restarted with a dropped ball at the position of the ball at the time the play was stopped.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T23:14:25.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8785" CreationDate="2015-02-23T23:16:41.267" Score="5" ViewCount="2182" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a background playing baseball, and pine tar is used all the time along with variations of tape to get a grip on the bat.  I was at a Colorado Avalanche game and wondered if the players use pine tar or another tacky substance for a better grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the bottom hand on the stick moves pretty freely, so I wouldn't expect a player to use it on that hand.  The top hand is pretty stationary to my knowledge, and they use tape on the top of the stick.  Do players put anything on the tape for more grip like a baseball player might?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-31T12:43:07.703" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T12:43:07.703" Title="Do Hockey Players Use Pine Tar or Another Tacky Substance?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5185" CreationDate="2015-02-24T10:36:03.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was largely a case of psychological warfare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bringing Krul in was a bluff. It's true that Cillesen had never saved a penalty previously, but Krul had only saved one, so clearly van Gaal wasn't putting him on goal for his amazing penalty-saving record. He was doing it to intimidate the opposition. Costa Rica's goalkeeper (Navas) has gained a deserved reputation as a penalty-saver, and in principle this would have given Costa Rica an advantage in a shootout ---not only because Navas does save penalties on a regular basis, but also because his ability relieves the kickers of some pressure. Now, all of a sudden, this guy that nobody has ever heard of comes in just for the shootout. Can you imagine what must have gone through the minds of the Costa Ricans? Probably something like &quot;if van Gaal has reserved his final substitution just to be able to bring in Krul for the penalty shootout, he must be a penalty-saving god&quot;. Krul's substitution took a large chunk of confidence from the Costa Ricans and replaced it with tons of doubts, fear, and pressure. And it showed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T10:36:03.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8783" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8784" CreationDate="2015-02-24T12:33:24.093" Score="5" ViewCount="6772" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any current world records for cross-country skiing? I am mainly interrested in distances like 10 or 15 kilometers, both men and women included. Neither Google nor Wikipedia are able to answer the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9046" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T11:44:21.830" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T17:08:12.593" Title="Cross-country skiing world records" Tags="|records|skiing|cross-country-skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8783" CreationDate="2015-02-24T15:23:53.967" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Timing in cross country skiing has no purpose but to classify the runners. There are no international records, and even so they will be untrustable because of different conditions of snow and the fact that CC does not have a unique track like, for example, a 100 metre sprint does.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9047" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-02-25T00:07:21.413" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T00:07:21.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8781" CreationDate="2015-02-24T15:32:02.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have a definitive link, but the answer to the basic question is- sort of.  They don't use pine tar, as that would leave a residue on the gloves; but they do occasionally use other substances that are more subtle.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to a user on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://modsquadhockey.com/forums/index.php/topic/6321-pine-tar/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ModSquadHockey&lt;/a&gt; forums, one common practice is to rub the tape against some more tape - the sticky side, that is.  That would apply a little bit of the sticky substance from the tape (and probably also make the tape on the stick a bit rougher).  I've not seen anything saying NHL players do this other than forum posts, but it seems a fairly common recommendation (to make a ball of tape or reverse-tape a stick, then rub against your stick).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also commonly see candycane patterns - that is, areas of tape and no tape diagonally wrapped; this gives more grip than tape all the way because it gives you more contours to get grip on.  Lots of Youtube videos showing you how to do that out there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, they make composite shafts that have a rubber-like grip built in; I'm not sure if NHL players use those or not, but they're fairly easy to find; &lt;a href=&quot;http://discounthockey.com/blogs/news/16676811-stick-grip-and-texture&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this discount hockey store has some examples&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T15:32:02.560" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8788" CreationDate="2015-02-24T22:21:17.487" Score="5" ViewCount="2285" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am unsure if they are called the 5th and 6th officials, the goal line officials or something else but I am referring to the uniformed officials that stand on the goal line during the UEFA Champions League matches. Why are they positioned on the same side of the goal as the assistant referee for that half of the field - wouldn't it make more sense to place them on the opposite side of the goal to cover even more of the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9049" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T17:55:02.787" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T19:59:39.107" Title="UEFA Champions League Goal Line Officials Position on the Field" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8786" CreationDate="2015-02-25T08:41:46.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The laws of the game clearly delineate where the referees should position themselves. The additional assistant referees (the official name for the goal line refs) are supposed to be on the same side as the assistant refs (official name for the sideline refs) because the referee positions himself at the top corner of the box on the opposite side of the field from the assistant ref. as such, he often cannot see the portion of the penalty box closer to the assistant ref and when there are lots of players in the box, the assistant ref also cannot see since he is 20-30 yards away. By placing the additional assistant referee there, the referee can see the box from the front and left side (when looking towards the goal) and the additional assistant referee can see the back and right side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/79/92/44/laws.of.the.game.2016.2017_neutral.pdf#page=58&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to the rules of the game, where the additional assistant referee positioning is shown. This may help illustrate my point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T17:04:47.120" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T17:04:47.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8794" CreationDate="2015-02-26T01:05:08.933" Score="4" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;I might just be crazy (If I am please let me know) but I have noticed in both of the UEFA Champions League games played today you see AR1 (It is an Assistant Referee so I am assuming that it is AR1 because of how quickly they make it there. AR1 is the assistant referee on the bench side of the field) heading into the tunnel before coaches and players do and do not meet in the middle of the field with the other officials and leave as a 'team'. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9049" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-29T05:56:47.817" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T05:56:47.817" Title="Lack of AR1 during post-game ceremonials in UEFA Champions League" Tags="|football|officiating|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8791" CreationDate="2015-02-26T02:24:06.513" Score="3" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sometimes hear about NFL GMs being &quot;cap experts&quot; rather than player-evaluators. And I just saw this headline: &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/12382875/jacksonville-jaguars-add-john-idzik-consultant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;John Idzik joining Jags as consultant&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. The article goes on to say, &quot;Idzik, who was fired by the Jets in late December, will not have a role in player evaluation but will work with the team's &lt;em&gt;salary-cap department&lt;/em&gt;, the source said&quot; (emphasis mine). Sure the salary cap rules aren't simple, but how do they justify an entire department?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T03:16:33.300" Title="What does an NFL salary cap department do?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8790" CreationDate="2015-02-26T03:16:33.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/nfl-teams-are-analyzing-everything-from-the-salary-cap-to-fan-loyalty/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This interview by FiveThirtyEight&lt;/a&gt; of Paraag Marathe, the 49ers' cap specialist, states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We’ve got four or five folks, whether helping scouts better evaluate players, helping coaches, as well as the salary cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the &quot;salary cap department&quot; is code for &quot;analytics&quot;.  Not only are they working on actual salary cap issues - which is undoubtedly more than one person's full time job, for the same reason as even a small company needs a full time accountant; keeping in compliance with every small detail is important - but they're doing other similar analytic tasks, such as analyzing player performance, finding players who fit their cap space and also are predicted by their statistical models as good candidates, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T03:16:33.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8789" CreationDate="2015-02-27T18:20:01.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the match, the fourth official must submit a report to the appropriate&#xA;  authorities on any misconduct or other incident that occurred out of the&#xA;  view of the referee and the assistant referees. The fourth offi cial must&#xA;  advise the referee and his assistants of any report being made&amp;lt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LAWS OF THE GAME 2014/2015&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;As stated above he is responsible to report any misconduct out of the view of the referee and assistant referees. It's happened more than once that some misconduct happens in the tunnel between players and/or coaching staff. It might be his task to supervise the tunnel after the game (and possibly(or probably) during halftime also. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far a I read, it's not stated anywhere in this document explicitley, but it makes sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-02-27T18:20:01.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5060" CreationDate="2015-02-28T01:25:08.867" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well in overtime you have less time to score + both teams are tied so its like a new game score wise so you need to be more cautious and take care of the ball and really not turnover the ball because every position counts more now than before. I would say defense is more important because that's what wins championships at the end of the day but every coach is different. There is no unique strategy you just have to execute and play smarter and more cautiously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9017" LastActivityDate="2015-02-28T01:25:08.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8797" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8805" CreationDate="2015-02-28T09:37:00.637" Score="4" ViewCount="14787" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NFL_playoffs#NFC_Championship_Game:_Seattle_Seahawks_28.2C_Green_Bay_Packers_22_.28OT.29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 NFC Championship game&lt;/a&gt;, the Seattle Seahawks committed 5 turnovers (4 interceptions and one fumble) and still won the game.  What is the record for most turnovers by an NFL team in a playoff game win?  What about for a regular season win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2015-02-28T09:44:06.700" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T07:59:04.027" Title="What is the record for most turnovers by an NFL team that won the game?" Tags="|nfl|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8798" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-28T14:41:16.660" Score="12" ViewCount="12526" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before football matches they usually show the formations of both teams, including who plays where, on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware, according to the rules teams only have to provide the names and shirt numbers of the 11 players (+subs) they field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So supposedly it only is know &lt;strong&gt;who&lt;/strong&gt; will play, but not &lt;strong&gt;in what formation&lt;/strong&gt; or where each player will play within that formation. This makes sense, because a formation can change at any moment, while the line up itself won't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how does the broadcasting TV channel and commentators know those details?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do the teams usually give out this information to the media? Wouldn't that be a tactical disadvantage?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or does the media just guess the formation?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter seems most logical, but from what I can tell it is almost always correct (for Bundesliga matches at least), even when unusual choices are made for a match. Today one team put five defenders on the pitch, but one of them ended up playing as a midfielder. The media announced this correctly when showing the line up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5022" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T16:27:59.473" Title="Do teams announce their exact formations before a match?" Tags="|football|formations|media|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-01T00:36:08.060" Score="5" ViewCount="19199" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an American so please forgive me for being unfamiliar with the rules of cricket, but I like the game.  What happens if the batsman strikes the ball straight back up the field and it takes down the wicket near the bowler, is he out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9063" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T11:08:01.863" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T13:37:56.523" Title="What happens if the ball is hit onto the non-striker's wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8798" CreationDate="2015-03-01T00:36:21.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the manager. In Belgium I've seen managers give their full line up including exact positions in pregame interviews, while in other games they would even leave a spot open until right before kick off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So,  sometimes they know it exactly. Other times they may have to make an educated guess.  When TV broadcasters show the team they already know the eleven/twenty-two names and their analysts need all they need to know most of the time. Even most supporters will put the eleven names in the right position if given. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For most games,  most teams do not change their basic tactic too much. A team that has played 4-4-2 for their whole season would for instance not switch to 5-4-1 suddenly. If such change was in the cards,  the analysts would also know. It's their job. The manager might also just say defender X will play in midfield today. It's not that uncommon in case of injuries etc.. There's not always need for secrecy. He'll just say it in most cases in a pregame interview.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T00:36:21.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8800" CreationDate="2015-03-01T08:47:14.107" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming nobody from the fielding side has touched the ball, nothing happens and nobody is out. If someone from the fielding side touches the ball, and it breaks the stumps with the non-striker (the other batsman) out of his ground (beyond the line on the ground in front of the stumps), then the non-striker is run out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an unfortunate and frustrating way to get out, but it's happened to most of us at some stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T11:08:46.397" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T11:08:46.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8800" CreationDate="2015-03-01T14:01:22.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual laws of run-outs apply here also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the bowler(or any fielder) touches the ball( or the ball comes in contact with any part of the fielder) and the ball hits the stumps at non-striker end and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman is out of his crease then he is &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman is inside the crease then he is &lt;strong&gt;not out&lt;/strong&gt;. The batsman can attempt to take runs if he wishes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the fielder does not touch the ball then the batsman is &lt;strong&gt;not out&lt;/strong&gt;. Again they can attempt to take runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9066" LastEditorUserId="9066" LastEditDate="2015-03-02T01:45:07.203" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T01:45:07.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8797" CreationDate="2015-03-01T18:49:36.060" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Post Merger:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Pro Football Reference Game Finder using &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1970&amp;amp;year_max=2014&amp;amp;game_type=&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_time=&amp;amp;time_zone=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;surface=&amp;amp;roof=&amp;amp;stadium_id=&amp;amp;temperature_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;temperature=&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;overtime=&amp;amp;league_id=&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;team_conf_id=&amp;amp;team_div_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_conf_id=&amp;amp;opp_div_id=&amp;amp;team_off_scheme=&amp;amp;team_def_align=&amp;amp;opp_off_scheme=&amp;amp;opp_def_align=&amp;amp;conference_game=&amp;amp;division_game=&amp;amp;tm_is_playoff=&amp;amp;opp_is_playoff=&amp;amp;tm_is_winning=&amp;amp;opp_is_winning=&amp;amp;tm_scored_first=&amp;amp;tm_led=&amp;amp;tm_trailed=&amp;amp;tm_won_toss=&amp;amp;c1stat=turnovers&amp;amp;c1comp=gt&amp;amp;c1val=5&amp;amp;c2stat=points_diff&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;c5comp=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=lt&amp;amp;c6mult=1.0&amp;amp;c6comp=&amp;amp;order_by=game_date&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this query&lt;/a&gt;, it is seven for the regular season and playoffs.  Three post-merger playoff games surpassed Seattle's five.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Tennessee Titans defeated the Cleveland Browns on November 19, 2000, by the score of 24 to 10.  They committed seven turnovers to Cleveland's one, but thanks to Tennessee having Eddie George and Steve McNair, and Cleveland being, well, Cleveland, they still won the game handily.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three other teams won the game with seven turnovers; Buffalo defeated NYG with 7 turnovers to the Giants' 2 in 1987, in a 6-3 overtime game involving 6 missed field goals (bet they wish they had Scott Norwood that day).  1983 featured the other two games, with PIT defeating the hapless Tampa Bay Buccaneers with a 7-0 turnover differential, and Miami defeated Kansas City in a turnover-filled game (12 total turnovers, 7 by the victorious Dolphins).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only three playoff games with more turnovers than Seattle's defeat of the Packers, are a fairly well known &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197101170clt.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Superbowl&lt;/a&gt;, a less well known &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197601040pit.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Conference Championship&lt;/a&gt;, and a game that should be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catch_%28American_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fairly&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198201100sfo.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;familiar&lt;/a&gt; to NFL fans older than 35 or so.  Prior to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFsBSbx5UKY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Catch&lt;/a&gt;, the 49ers had six turnovers to Dallas's 3 in 1982.  During Superbowl V, the Colts had &lt;em&gt;seven&lt;/em&gt; turnovers to Dallas's four.  Finally, in the 1975 season, the Steelers beat the Raiders 16-10, with 7 turnovers to Oakland's five. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Including all games since 1940:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1940&amp;amp;year_max=2014&amp;amp;game_type=&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_time=&amp;amp;time_zone=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;surface=&amp;amp;roof=&amp;amp;stadium_id=&amp;amp;temperature_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;temperature=&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;overtime=&amp;amp;league_id=&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;team_conf_id=&amp;amp;team_div_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_conf_id=&amp;amp;opp_div_id=&amp;amp;team_off_scheme=&amp;amp;team_def_align=&amp;amp;opp_off_scheme=&amp;amp;opp_def_align=&amp;amp;conference_game=&amp;amp;division_game=&amp;amp;tm_is_playoff=&amp;amp;opp_is_playoff=&amp;amp;tm_is_winning=&amp;amp;opp_is_winning=&amp;amp;tm_scored_first=&amp;amp;tm_led=&amp;amp;tm_trailed=&amp;amp;tm_won_toss=&amp;amp;c1stat=turnovers&amp;amp;c1comp=gt&amp;amp;c1val=6&amp;amp;c2stat=points_diff&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;c5comp=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=lt&amp;amp;c6mult=1.0&amp;amp;c6comp=&amp;amp;order_by=turnovers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This Query&lt;/a&gt; shows 3 teams with 9 turnovers in wins in the 40s and 50s.   One more playoff game has seven turnovers, but none have more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T21:46:34.517" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T21:46:34.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8808" CreationDate="2015-03-02T01:32:15.767" Score="3" ViewCount="2467" Body="&lt;p&gt;Free kicks are probably the hardest plays to score unless you have Messi or some other famous guy. The percentage/chance of scoring is quite unclear to me. It seems to change every single second. What is the chance of scoring a free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9068" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T17:02:12.160" LastActivityDate="2020-02-10T07:43:26.400" Title="What is the chance of scoring a free kick?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8806" CreationDate="2015-03-02T05:53:39.917" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This differs widely, based on a large number of factors. Unlike a penalty kick, which is always taken from the same location, with no wall and only the goalkeeper to beat, free kicks can be influenced by defenders in the wall, defenders on the post, attackers making deceiving runs, position of the ball, and wind direction and speed just to list a few factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2012 English Premier League season, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.optasportspro.com/about/optapro-blog/posts/2013/augmenting-free-kick-data-for-more-meaningful-results.aspx&quot;&gt;OptaPro found&lt;/a&gt; that the average conversion rate was &lt;strong&gt;5.7%&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thepowerofgoals.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/ranking-free-kick-experts-pitfalls.html&quot;&gt;The Power of Goals has some data&lt;/a&gt; on the conversion rates of English Premier League players from 2002 - 2012. In this data set, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Larsson&quot;&gt;Seb Larsson&lt;/a&gt; tops the list with a conversion rate of &lt;strong&gt;8.6%.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T05:53:39.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-02T12:06:43.377" Score="3" ViewCount="36410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, while watching a NBA game, I see a &quot;bonus&quot; tag text over the telecast scoreboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it means? Which rule or set of rules influence this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4990" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T16:07:40.343" Title="What does the &quot;bonus&quot; tag over the score in NBA games means?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-03-02T16:21:53.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8809" CreationDate="2015-03-02T15:34:19.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;bonus&quot; tag occurs when one team accumulates a limited number of fouls.&#xA;Each subsequent foul results in free throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus_%28basketball%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a wikipedia article here&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1276" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2015-03-02T16:07:40.343" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T16:07:40.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8811" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-03T04:45:35.740" Score="3" ViewCount="1810" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the things I learned from Michael Lewis's &lt;em&gt;The Blind Side&lt;/em&gt; is that how much various parties get paid is a good window into their perceived value by their franchises (in the case of &lt;em&gt;The Blind Side&lt;/em&gt; the observation was that left tackles are well-paid in the NFL because they protect the super important quarterback). I know that head coaches and GMs can make a lot in the NFL. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://itiswhatitis.weei.com/sports/newengland/football/patriots/2013/05/22/forbes-bill-belichick-second-highest-paid-coach-in-america/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;'s an article saying that Sean Payton makes $8,000,000 a year. Besides the players, the head coach, and the GM, what tend to be the highest paid roles at an NFL franchise? For example, I've heard it said at a good athletic trainer can make a huge difference. Does the market agree?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T11:26:15.117" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T15:28:55.810" Title="Which non-players in the NFL are the highest paid apart from the GM and head coach?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="405" CreationDate="2015-03-03T12:52:20.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One other consideration is where you skate.  Ice in outdoor rinks or on natural frozen surfaces like lakes and ponds contain mineral deposits and other impurities which will wear down the steel a little faster.  So if you skate outside a lot, you may feel the need to get your skates sharpened a little more frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2182" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T12:52:20.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8679" CreationDate="2015-03-03T13:30:54.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not surprising at all, and actually completely normal, that you had trouble with your transition from one skate to another.  Here's why:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Figure skates and hockey skates are completely different styles of skates.  Figure skate boots can have a higher heel which would put your foot at more of an incline than a hockey skate.  Figure skate blades tend to be a little flatter than hockey skate blades.  And of course there's that toe pick.  Kids who start out on figure skates, then transition to hockey skates, can find it a little difficult at first, especially if they relied on the toe pick for balance, stopping, and acceleration.  And vice versa, kids who start out on hockey skates, then transition to figure skates, can find themselves tripping over the toe pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also mentioned your new skates were sharper.  This could effect your ability to stop if you are used to having dull skates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All it will take is time on the ice to get used to your new skates.  Even going from an old figure skate to a new figure skate, or an old hockey skate to a new hockey skate, even if they are the same brand and model of boot takes a little time.  Leather is stiffer on the new skate, the new boot hasn't conformed to the shape of your foot, and blades are at their original manufactured height as opposed to thinner due to being sharpened hundreds of times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So just get out on the ice at a local rink regularly and you'll be used to your new skates in no time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you want to speed the break in process a little for your new skates, you can try &quot;baking&quot; your skates (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4629/how-do-i-bake-my-bauer-skates&quot;&gt;How do I bake my Bauer skates?&lt;/a&gt;).  This may help soften the leather a little and help the skate conform to the shape of your foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2182" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T13:30:54.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8811" CreationDate="2015-03-03T15:28:55.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL is a tax-exempt nonprofit. This is why we know the NFL Commissioner's salary&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/21715610/we-know-roger-goodells-salary-because-nfl-is-taxexempt-nonprofit&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the NFL teams themselves do not fall under this tax-exempt distinction, and as such, the salaries of NFL team executives are guarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1638485-how-much-money-do-nfl-front-office-execs-make&quot;&gt;Bleacher Report article&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;estimates&lt;/em&gt; how much NFL team executives make (salary in USD; list does not include the GM or Head Coach based on the question asked):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vice President: $180,000-$400,000 Salary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Director of Scouting: $95,000-$275,000 Salary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Account Executive: $35,000-$165,000 Salary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Scout: $20,000-$95,000 Salary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Industry Salary Survey&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2012/08/13/In-Depth/Salary-survey.aspx&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; was conducted in 2012 among managers and higher-ranked employees from 126 teams who represent the NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB, and MLS. The survey focused on several factors, one of which is compensation. Here are the results with respect to title and compensation (in USD):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Title: Median - Mean&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;President/CEO/COO level: $425,000 - $409,000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other C-Level (CFO, CMO, etc.): $355,000 - $335,526&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Executive or senior VP level: $340,000 - $325,000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;VP level: $165,000 - $194,697&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Director level (senior director, associate director, etc.): $105,000 - $115,125&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Manager level (senior manager, associate manager, etc.): $65,000 - $69,821&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T15:28:55.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8705" CreationDate="2015-03-04T00:56:43.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The maneuver you are referencing is also known as a &quot;power pull&quot; or an &quot;edge pull&quot;. It is a required component of the USFSA Pre-Juvenile Moves In the Field (MIF) test (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usfsa.org/Shell.asp?sid=42292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usfsa.org/Shell.asp?sid=42292&lt;/a&gt;). It's a fairly difficult move and takes a lot of practice on inside and especially outside edges.  In the USFSA testing structure, the two tests prior to Pre-Juv MIF (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usfsa.org/Shell.asp?sid=42291&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Preliminary&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usfsa.org/Shell.asp?sid=42288&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pre-preliminary&lt;/a&gt;) involve a lot of edge work in preparation for more advanced moves like the power pull. You might start practicing with the more basic edge moves outlined in the first two tests and work your way up to the power pull.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like anything, all it takes is time and practice. Don't feel bad if you are not getting it right away. It took my daughter about 2 years to be able to do a power pull the length of a rink unassisted. Just keep working on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2182" LastEditorUserId="8996" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T20:19:55.543" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T20:19:55.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8818" CreationDate="2015-03-04T07:25:17.613" Score="6" ViewCount="1833" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just watching ESPN and a team (Florida Panthers I think) had both goalies hurt and they showed an ASSISTANT COACH suit up to get ready to play.  He didn't need to go out but I'm just curious with the rules in the NHL.  Are coaches allowed to play like this in the NHL?  Are other coaches/managers of other sports allowed to play on an emergency basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't see Isaiah Thomas suit up when he was coaching the Knicks several yrs ago, I didn't see Ryne Sandberg suit up for the Phillies to play a few innings while managing them.  Why was that assistant coach allowed to possibly play for the Panthers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the &lt;a href=&quot;http://scores.espn.go.com/nhl/recap?gameId=400563936&quot;&gt;link to the story&lt;/a&gt; in case anyone is interested&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-04T09:13:02.670" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T20:21:06.820" Title="Why are coaches potentially allowed to play as goalies in the NHL?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8817" CreationDate="2015-03-04T09:12:36.287" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by Rule 5.3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2014-2015-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In regular League and Playoff games, if both listed goalkeepers&#xA;  are incapacitated, that team shall be entitled to dress and play any&#xA;  available goalkeeper who is eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to make Robb Tallas an &quot;eligible&quot; player, the Panthers will almost certainly have had him sign a one-day contract. At that point, it doesn't matter that he wasn't on the roster at the start of the day, or even the start of the match - he's an available goalkeeper. One thing potentially worth noting here is that this kind of situation isn't completely clear, even to NHL teams. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/12495333/goalie-interference-diving-topics-agenda-nhl-gm-meetings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this ESPN report from the NHL's 2015 general managers' meeting&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Though goaltending coach Robb Tallas was on hand in case he was needed, there was some initial confusion about who was allowed to suit up. [...] While most teams have someone on staff that may have some goaltending experience, it remains to be seen whether those people would be eligible. [Colin Campbell, the NHL's Director of Hockey Operations] said that the NHL's central registry will have some input on that issue.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the legalese, but the practicalities of the situation are that hockey goalkeepers are such specialised players that you can't just expect another player to put on some goalie pads and be able to play - that's the difference from basketball, where the positions are much more equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-16T20:21:06.820" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T20:21:06.820" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="876" CreationDate="2015-03-04T14:06:33.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer is 'Yes'.&#xA;Moreover, I think that making no footstep sound with intention is a good way to naturally get technical skill, or to easily improve your running technic. &#xA;Because doing that, indirectly, you will absorbe shocks with you calfs and your thighs (muscles), and not with your bones. Your bone legs will not be hurt because of the non-max outstretched stride.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="9076" LastEditDate="2015-03-04T14:13:01.543" LastActivityDate="2015-03-04T14:13:01.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8761" CreationDate="2015-03-05T14:26:10.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Snicko&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Snickometer, commonly known as Snicko, is used in televising cricket&#xA;  to graphically analyse sound and video, and show whether a fine noise,&#xA;  or snick, occurs as ball passes bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Snickometer is often used in a slow motion television replay by&#xA;  the third umpire to determine if the cricket ball touched the cricket&#xA;  bat on the way through to the wicketkeeper. The commentators will&#xA;  listen and view the shape of the recorded soundwave. If there is a&#xA;  sound of leather on willow, which is usually a short sharp sound in&#xA;  synchrony with the ball passing the bat, then the ball has touched the&#xA;  bat. Other sounds such as the ball hitting the batsman's pads, or the&#xA;  bat hitting the pitch, and so on, tend to have a fatter shape on the&#xA;  sound waveform.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HotSpot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hot Spot is an infra-red imaging system used in to determine whether&#xA;  the ball has struck the batsman, bat or pad. Hot Spot requires two&#xA;  infra-red cameras on opposite sides of the ground above the field of&#xA;  play that are continuously recording an image. Any suspected snick or&#xA;  bat/pad event can be verified by examining the infrared image, which&#xA;  usually shows a bright spot where contact friction from the ball has&#xA;  elevated the local temperature. Where referrals to an off-field third&#xA;  umpire are permitted, the technology is used to enhance the on-field&#xA;  umpire's decision-making accuracy. Where referrals are not permitted,&#xA;  the technology is used primarily as an analysis aid for televised&#xA;  coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hot Spot uses two infra-red cameras positioned at either end of the&#xA;  ground.[4] These cameras sense and measure heat from friction&#xA;  generated by a collision, such as ball on pad, ball on bat, ball on&#xA;  ground or ball on glove. Using a subtraction technique a series of&#xA;  black-and-white negative frames is generated into a computer,&#xA;  precisely localising the ball's point of contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Snicko meter: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snickometer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snickometer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hot Spot: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Spot_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Spot_(cricket)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7689" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T14:26:10.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-05T15:21:23.783" Score="3" ViewCount="1621" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the case where a player is signed to a contract and the amount he is due far exceeds his value.  He no longer has a starting job on his team and would like to be traded, but other teams won't pay his salary and his current team won't cover enough of the cost of his contract to facilitate a trade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player is willing to decrease his salary by a certain amount to increase his marketability to other teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this permitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T15:58:48.713" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T16:24:36.793" Title="Can MLB players negotiate their contracts downwards?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|finances|cba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8823" CreationDate="2015-03-05T15:31:51.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possibly yes.  I've only ever heard of players being willing to take less.  Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.therichest.com/sports/athletes-who-took-major-pay-cuts-for-their-teams/3/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to an article showing players from different sports who have taken pay cuts to stay with a team, or to be able to play one more year even if they might not be the player they used to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another &lt;a href=&quot;http://atlantabravesbaseball7.blogspot.com/2005/02/chipper-willing-to-take-pay-cut-to.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; from 2005 where Chipper Jones of the Atlanta Braves offered to take a pay cut so that the Braves would be able to keep Tim Hudson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was introduced to Jones, the Braves' highest paid player, who's owed $32 million over the next two seasons and has $15 million vesting clubs options in 2007 and 2008. He could restructure his contract to clear up funds for a Hudson offer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Maybe a little rebate so we can sign him,&amp;quot; said Jones, the only non-catcher who showed up Wednesday, doing some hitting and pronouncing himself healthy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Whatever [it takes],&amp;quot; Jones said. &amp;quot;I'm game. I've made no bones about it - my family loves it here, and I love playing here. I've made sacrifices before, and I'm open to more if it'll help bring guys in or keep them. I want to win.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very uncommon that a player, especially one signed to a huge contract would ever take a pay cut to stay with a team, or be able to sign with a team who has a chance to go all the way.  It happens quite a bit in basketball, with older players who want to win a ring(reference my first article).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lester even went so far as to admit that he would take a pay cut in order to stay in Boston and help his team win a consecutive World Series title. His inspiration for being so outwardly willing to take less pay in order to remain on the team he loves comes partly from his teammate Dustin Pedroia, who decided to leave a larger offer to stay with the Red Sox. As much as I dislike this team and their recent success, it enthralls me to hear this kind of talk in the offseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another quote from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.halftime.georgetownvoice.com/2014/01/24/john-lester-takes-the-cut-player-loyalty-in-the-mlb/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; that shows Jon Lester's willingness to take a pay cut to stay with the Red Sox, just as Pedroia took a lesser offer from the Sox to stay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T15:43:42.203" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8825" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-03-05T15:43:02.660" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T15:43:02.660" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T15:43:02.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8826" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-03-05T15:43:02.660" Score="0" Body="Questions about Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA). Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T23:15:44.313" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T23:15:44.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8828" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-05T17:51:06.333" Score="1" ViewCount="712" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to find records/history of assisted running speeds, e.g. using cheetah boots/the things Oscar Pistorious wore, bionics, etc. (I have tried searching Google to no avail.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the fastest ASSISTED human running speed ever attained?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9079" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T18:41:32.760" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T21:18:03.387" Title="What is the fastest ASSISTED human running speed ever attained?" Tags="|trivia|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8823" CreationDate="2015-03-05T18:34:42.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's certainly permitted. Here's a related situation. Suk-min Yoon signed with the Orioles ($5.75M / 3yr) in the 2013-2014 offseason out of Korea. His 2014 season went very poorly at AAA Norfolk&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=yoon--000suk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; [Baseball Reference stats]&lt;/a&gt;. Now he would like to return to Korea, and the Orioles would like to save the money on the contract. They are working out a buyout to allow Yoon to return to Korea&lt;a href=&quot;http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/03/05/orioles-negotiating-buyout-with-suk-min-yoon-one-year-into-5-75-million-deal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; [NBC Sports]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T18:34:42.037" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8828" CreationDate="2015-03-05T18:57:39.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paralympic.org/classification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;different classifications&lt;/a&gt; in para-athletics. As it pertains to &quot;assisted&quot; running, the relevant classifications based on &quot;the things Oscar Pistorious wore, bionics, etc.&quot; are T42&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T42_%28classification%29#Sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; (&quot;single above knee amputation&quot;), T43&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T43_%28classification%29#Sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; (&quot;double leg, below knee amputation&quot;), and T44&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T44_%28classification%29#Sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; (&quot;single below knee amputation&quot;). &lt;sub&gt;NOTE: the T42 and T44 classifications include &quot;impairment comparable to an amputation.&quot; Oscar Pistorious is classified as T44.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking men's and women's 100m dash world record times among these classes, the fastest time recorded is 10.57 seconds in men's class T43&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paralympic.org/sdms/web/at/record.pdf.at.php?xml=0&amp;amp;rct=RCTWR&amp;amp;spec=out&amp;amp;gen=&amp;amp;evt=AT001&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, which is approximately an average speed of 21.16 miles per hour over a distance of 100 meters&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unitarium.com/speed-calculator?radS=true&amp;amp;dId=100&amp;amp;tId=00:00:10.57&amp;amp;duId=1&amp;amp;sutId=3600&amp;amp;sudId=1609.344&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Taking men's and women's 200m dash world record times among these classes, the fastest time recorded is 20.66 seconds in men's class T43&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paralympic.org/sdms/web/at/record.pdf.at.php?xml=0&amp;amp;rct=RCTWR&amp;amp;spec=out&amp;amp;gen=&amp;amp;evt=AT002&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, which is approximately an average speed of 21.65 miles per hour over a distance of 200 meters&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unitarium.com/speed-calculator?radS=true&amp;amp;dId=200&amp;amp;tId=00:00:20.66&amp;amp;duId=1&amp;amp;sutId=3600&amp;amp;sudId=1609.344&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(7)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above suggests that the top speed that can be attained is slightly greater than 21.65 miles per hour. Using a crude estimation, subtracting the 100m world record time in men's class T43 from the 200m world record time in men's class T43, the difference is 10.09 seconds or approximately an average speed of 22.17 miles per hour&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unitarium.com/speed-calculator?radS=true&amp;amp;dId=100&amp;amp;tId=00:00:10.09&amp;amp;duId=1&amp;amp;sutId=3600&amp;amp;sudId=1609.344&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(8)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://speedendurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Blake-2.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;graph&lt;/a&gt; as it pertains to unassisted running shows that the second 100m split from the 200m world record in men's class T43 can be less than 10.09 seconds, suggesting that an even higher top speed can be attained. Unlike Usain Bolt's men's 100m dash world record time of 9.58 seconds&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://speedendurance.com/2009/08/19/usain-bolt-10-meter-splits-fastest-top-speed-2008-vs-2009/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(9)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; as it pertains to unassisted running, I was unable to find 10m splits for the 100m/200m dash in men's class T43 or other records/history to further determine a top speed for assisted human running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paralympic.org/paralympic-records/athletics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;paralympic records&lt;/a&gt; site has a nice selection for recalling records based on event type, men and/or women, and record types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-06T20:26:05.023" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T20:26:05.023" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3758" CreationDate="2015-03-05T21:14:03.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Penalty shots during regulation count toward the save percentage of the goalie (and toward the shooting percentage of the shooter).  See for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201305270DET.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201305270DET.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Frolik scored one of four Blackhawk goals on a penalty shot.  He has a 1/2 Shooting % and Jimmy Howard has a 24/28 save statistic (not 24/27 as it would be if it didn't count) and 4 GA.  You can also see that a penalty shot counts against the &quot;Even Strength Goals Against&quot;, at least if it's not during a powerplay separately from the penalty that incurs the shot - Jimmy Howard has 3 EV GA and allowed one powerplay goal to open the scoring to Hossa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shootout goals do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; count; for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201503030MIN.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201503030MIN.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andrew Hammond has a 36/38 save statistic, for .947 sv%, despite allowing 3 goals during the shootout (out of 5 attempts).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T21:14:03.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2015-03-06T02:00:45.100" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be fair, David Berkoff didn’t quite invent the underwater swimming dilemma, but he had a large part in making it an enough of an issue that FINA had to institute the 15m rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pre-dating Berkoff was a swimmer named Jesse Vassallo, who in 1976 was lined up against future Olympian John Naber. At a considerable height advantage, Vassallo figured he could do a bunch of dolphin kicks off the start to avoid the wash of the 6’5” Naber. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Berkoff brought it to a broader audience, that is for sure, but very few swimmers and coaches understood the best way to teach the underwater fly kick. For a long time it was considered a fringe aspect to swimming, something for outliers, something you had or didn’t. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phelps, Australian Ian Thorpe, and most notably Neil Walker showed that the UDK would eventually need to be a part of every swimmer’s arsenal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They showed that you could swim faster underwater than you could ever hope to swimming on the top of the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because it hasn’t become an accepted and understood part of elite swimming until recently, it is only in the past couple years that we have seen the UDK being coached at an early age. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where in past years swimmers with a powerful UDK was the exception, in the future we will see swimmers—across all disciplines—making use of it as it has become a part of the coaching curriculum. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See Also:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yourswimlog.com/develop-awesome-underwater-dolphin-kick/&quot;&gt;How to Develop an Awesome Underwater Dolphin Kick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://swimswam.com/david-berkoff-daichi-suzukis-underwater-duel-88/&quot;&gt;David Berkoff and Suzuki Duel in 1988&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9081" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T02:00:45.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8834" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8835" CreationDate="2015-03-06T10:10:54.790" Score="3" ViewCount="7246" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a cricket fan from India, I mostly know about everything there is to know about cricket. Except why a fielding position, Third Man, located behind the batsman&#xA;on the right side(off side) near the boundary, is called &quot;Third Man&quot;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, two other positions, namely Gully (between slips &amp;amp; point) &amp;amp; silly mid-on/mid-off. Why Silly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-06T14:37:47.717" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T13:59:24.827" Title="Why is the Third Man fielding position in Cricket called &quot;Third Man&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8834" CreationDate="2015-03-06T11:24:35.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's by no means definitive, but this &lt;a href=&quot;http://historyofcricket.blogspot.ie/2007/12/derivations-of-cricketing-terms.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; states that it's because, when overarm bowling was introduced, another fielder (to complement slip and point) was needed - this was the third fielder, hence third man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/Why-is-the-third-man-called-so/articleshow/39702002.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, however, gives a subtly different interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first link also gives these explanations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gully - Refers to the gap or 'gully' that exists between the slips and&#xA;  point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cover - Refers to the position that 'covers' the point and middle of&#xA;  the wicket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mid off and mid on - Shortenings of the terms 'middle wicket off' and&#xA;  'middle wicket on'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Silly Mid On - the mid on is self explanatory, however it is believed&#xA;  that the silly refers to an old definition of silly, meaning&#xA;  'defenceless'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T11:24:35.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8838" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8842" CreationDate="2015-03-06T20:09:53.487" Score="4" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;I lost to this very good doubles player (leftie) who rarely plays singles. That was embarrassing, given that I only play singles. It was close, but I am 100% sure I can beat her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Her low pace flat ground shots are no excuse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She gave me short balls, I just returned them back to her. I did not set myself up to come up to the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She neutralized my topspin by just returning a well placed low pace ball, mostly to my backhand. She could place it well to my backhand. I made a lot of mistakes due to my backhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She loved coming to the net, and I gave her enough short balls to do so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I just had a bad day. I could have played better, deep backhands and more aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know I need to hit deep, don't ever give her a short ball. Anything else I should do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update:&#xA;I did better the second time I played her. Lost, but took first set, and was leading second set 4-1, and let it slip. She is a great volleyer, tall, so she has a good reach. When I hit midcourt, she takes my topspin on the rise, and even in the air, and comes to the net. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She puts pressure and rushes me. I realized I need to pass her better. When I pass her with a good cross court topspin, I ace it, or she hits it out. I hit way too many slices, and she has no problem with those. She also gets the high lobs well because she's tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Solution so far is to try to pass her with topspin more often, avoid slicing it back when she's at the net and putting pressure on me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also my approach shots were good in the beginning but after I started losing the second set I stopped making approach shots and played more defense. That's a no no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My backhand is deeper but still week. Need to make backhand stronger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add an answer here when I finally beat her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2015-05-08T19:31:27.560" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T19:31:27.560" Title="How to beat a good doubles player in singles" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8840" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-06T22:16:32.920" Score="6" ViewCount="7077" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a name for a javelin thrower?  in baseball we've got pitcher, batter etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9084" LastEditorUserId="9080" LastEditDate="2015-03-09T03:30:28.187" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T12:05:39.460" Title="What do you call a javelin thrower?" Tags="|terminology|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8840" CreationDate="2015-03-06T22:38:47.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe there is a more specific term than &quot;javelin thrower&quot;. Certainly that's what Wikipedia uses to describe eg &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%BDelezn%C3%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jan Železný&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jan Železný [...] is a Czech javelin thrower&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T22:38:47.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8838" CreationDate="2015-03-07T01:22:16.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There aren't really any different strategies to beating an opponent in singles depending on whether the opponent is primarily a singles or doubles player. Just attack their weaknesses and play to your strengths as you would against any other (singles) player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds to me like you might have had better success had you not made so many mistakes on your backhand and come in to net more on short balls - but neither of those have anything to do with your opponent primarily being a doubles player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your opponent comes to net frequently - learn how to hit passes or lobs - that applies to both singles and doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you should always try to keep the ball deep, but &quot;don't ever give her a short ball&quot; isn't a good strategy. You're going to hit short balls eventually - everybody does. So have a good plan ready for when your opponent takes that short ball and comes to net. Like I was saying before - hit a passing shot or a lob.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-03-07T01:22:16.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8840" CreationDate="2015-03-08T04:51:47.003" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like Philip Kendall said, in athletics, a person who throws a javelin is called a &quot;javelin thrower&quot;.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/javelin-thrower&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Collins Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; has an entry for &quot;javelin thrower&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(athletics) a person who throws a javelin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is the word &quot;javelinier&quot; (or &quot;javelineer&quot;), but apparently that is only used for non-athletic purposes.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/javelinier&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikitionary&lt;/a&gt; defines &quot;javelinier&quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A soldier who throws a javelin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There used to be the word &quot;jaculator&quot;, which is defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://=PA3213&amp;amp;lpg=PA3213#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Century dictionary and cyclopedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (published in 1906) as &quot;one who throws (a javelin)&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9orJn.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is even an entry in &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jaculator&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary.com&lt;/a&gt; which has the same definition for &quot;jaculator&quot;, but I'm fairly certain that word isn't used nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-03-08T04:51:47.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2693" CreationDate="2015-03-08T08:25:48.787" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the WK is wearing his helmut and the ball hits it then there are NO Penalty Points. If the ball hits ANY article of clothing on the field INCLUDING the helmut which is not worn by the fielding side, then Penalty Points are given to the batting side. Normally 5 runs are given&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9088" LastActivityDate="2015-03-08T08:25:48.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8847" CreationDate="2015-03-08T11:53:01.277" Score="15" ViewCount="23909" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a video of Johann Cruyff &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=909394135872786&amp;amp;set=vb.338233632988842&amp;amp;type=2&amp;amp;theater&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;passing a penalty kick&lt;/a&gt;, isn't that against the rules? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T09:36:05.593" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T23:13:34.137" Title="Are players allowed to pass a penalty kick?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8846" CreationDate="2015-03-08T14:49:33.480" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 in the IFAB laws of the game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball must be kicked forward&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The penalty taker cannot touch the ball until another player has touched it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No player from either team (other than the goalie and the penalty taker) can enter the penalty area or penalty arc until the ball is kicked&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming Cruyff's teammate didn't enter the penalty area until after the ball was kicked and moving forward, the move is legal. Although I should point out that the link below (and my points above) are for the current Laws of the Game. The linked video is from 1982, so it's possible things were different then, though I don't think the rules for a penalty kick have changed that much in the past 30 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules for a penalty shoot-out (at the end of a tied match where you need a winner) are quite different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T08:12:37.353" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T08:12:37.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8851" CreationDate="2015-03-09T00:09:34.127" Score="10" ViewCount="9890" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is illegal for the keeper to pick up the ball if a player on his team kicked the ball to him. On the other hand, he can pick it up if the player headed the ball to him instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combining these two, if a player were to flick the ball up to himself, and &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt; head the ball to his own keeper, can the goalie pick it up, or would that still be considered a backpass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T20:03:31.473" Title="Can a goalie handle a headed pass which that player kicked up to himself?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8849" CreationDate="2015-03-09T02:33:30.657" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not considered a &quot;backpass&quot; offence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, by attempting to circumvent the restriction on the goalkeeper handling the ball after it has been deliberately kicked to him by the defender, the defender has committed an act of trickery. It is irrelevant as to whether the goalkeeper ends up handling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As soon as the defender heads the ball towards the goalkeeper, play should be stopped and the defender should be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. The restart is an indirect free kick to the opponents from where the defender was standing when they headed the ball towards the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant section in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; is on p. 123:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;uses a deliberate trick while the ball is in play to pass the ball to his own&#xA;  goalkeeper with his head, chest, knee, etc. in order to circumvent the Law,&#xA;  irrespective of whether the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands or&#xA;  not. The offence is committed by the player in attempting to circumvent&#xA;  both the letter and the spirit of Law 12 and play is restarted with an indirect&#xA;  free kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;uses a deliberate trick to pass the ball to his own goalkeeper to circumvent&#xA;  the Law while he is taking a free kick (after the player is cautioned, the free&#xA;  kick must be retaken)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-03-09T02:33:30.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2015-03-09T05:15:21.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can definitely do this in table tennis. Andrej Grubba, a Polish table tennis pro used to do this quite often. Recently I have seen Timo Boll doing this in a real match. The Chinese players don't do this during the match because their coaches will not be happy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9092" LastActivityDate="2015-03-09T05:15:21.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-09T18:08:19.253" Score="6" ViewCount="655" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone help with the knock on rule when scoring a try. In the Ireland v England 6 Nations game, the slow motion reply appeared to show Henshaw first catching the ball, then he appeared to lose control of it temporarily so that he was no longer touching the ball, and the ball was moving forwards. He then put his hand on the ball before it touched the ground, and clearly touched it down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is (in this game or any other game with the same circumstances), if this was the case, was this a knock on, because he did not catch the ball before it hit the ground as the rules suggest? Or does the law allow the touching down in the goal area to be the equivalent of catching the ball in the remainder of the pitch ? Any ideas appreciated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way - as an England supporter I admit they were well beaten, so no complaints about the result !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9094" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T14:59:23.720" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T14:59:23.720" Title="Rugby Union knock on rule in scoring a try" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8856" CreationDate="2015-03-09T21:02:42.423" Score="3" ViewCount="419" Body="&lt;p&gt;Our lovely quidditch team needs to get better at tackling if we want to win any games. We thought we might be able to learn a thing or two from players of other sports, only most other sports seem to tackle quite differently to us. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously no other sport involves riding a broom, and as such most other are going to be fully two handed, so I am just looking for the closest common (in the UK) sport that we might learn from. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of a BQC quidditch tackle (same as US quidditch) are best described in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usquidditch.org/files/USQ_Rulebook_8.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, however in brief:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tackle below the shoulders and above the knees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initiate contact from the front.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may not use both hands to wrap round an opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No shoulder barges.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Its also generally considered polite not to skewer your opponent with your broom, though interestingly I don't see that in the rules anywhere.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any recommendations are welcome, &#xA;Many thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9096" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-10T00:14:27.633" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T05:20:39.080" Title="Which sport has closest tackling rules to (BQC) Quidditch?" Tags="|technique|training|quidditch|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8854" CreationDate="2015-03-09T21:55:46.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hitting in roller derby (using the Women's Flat Track Derby Association rule set) sounds similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can hit people from above mid-thigh to the tops of the shoulder to their fronts or sides.  You can not hit people below mid thigh or their backs (between the bra straps).  If you are initiating the contact, you can not make contact with your arms, elbows, hands or from below mid-thigh.  The point is to make pushing and tripping illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally hitting was from the sides like a side tackle in football/soccer or a check in hockey.  More recently contact is front to front with one skater facing the &quot;wrong&quot; way.  Here's a great clip of one girl doing repeated checks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rdjunkies.tumblr.com/post/78008384460/backwards-blocking-8979-the-chest-bump&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rdjunkies.tumblr.com/post/78008384460/backwards-blocking-8979-the-chest-bump&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-03-09T21:55:46.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8854" CreationDate="2015-03-10T05:20:39.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tackling in Australian rules football sounds very similar. From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football#General_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;relevant Wikipedia article on Australian rules football&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Opposition players may bump or tackle the player to obtain the ball and, when tackled, the player must dispose of the ball cleanly or risk being penalised for holding the ball. The ball carrier may &lt;strong&gt;only be tackled between the shoulders and knees&lt;/strong&gt;. If the opposition player &lt;strong&gt;forcefully contacts a player in the back while performing a tackle, the opposition player will be penalised for a push in the back&lt;/strong&gt;. If the opposition &lt;strong&gt;tackles the player with possession below the knees (a low tackle or a trip) or above the shoulders (a high tackle)&lt;/strong&gt;, the team with possession of the football gets a free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherding_%28Australian_rules_football%29#Bumping&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article that covers 'bumping'&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Charging a player is not a legal bump and is penalised with a free kick and can be reported, regardless of whether the ball is within five metres or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to cover:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tackle below the shoulders and above the knees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initiate contact from the front.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No shoulder barges.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in Australian rules football, players do most definitely use two arms to wrap and prevent the ball from being released, which clashes with point three in your requirements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T05:20:39.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8853" CreationDate="2015-03-10T07:55:27.447" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPYeFpDtXDs&amp;amp;t=99&quot;&gt;clip of Robbie Henshaw's try&lt;/a&gt;, the following happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Henshaw jumps for the ball with his right arm, knocking it forward, possibly also with his chest/chin.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He then catches it cleanly with his right arm &lt;strong&gt;before it hits the floor&lt;/strong&gt;, grasping it to his chest&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He falls to the ground and clearly touches it down, as you say.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The IRB &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/index.php?law=12&amp;amp;language=EN&quot;&gt;rule for a knock-on&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A knock-on occurs when a player loses possession of the ball and it&#xA;  goes forward, or when a player hits the ball forward with the hand or&#xA;  arm, or when the ball hits the hand or arm and goes forward, and &lt;strong&gt;the&#xA;  ball touches the ground or another player before the original player&#xA;  can catch it&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Henshaw caught the ball while it was in the air, the first contact did not cause a knock-on, and the try was correctly awarded. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T07:55:27.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8858" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-10T22:32:09.847" Score="3" ViewCount="668" Body="&lt;p&gt;People often talk about penalty kicks in soccer/football as if they were a guessing game, where the keeper tries to guess to what part of goal the the penalty-taker is going to kick the ball before the ball is even struck. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_undercover_economist/2006/06/world_cup_game_theory.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Economists have studied it as a game theory problem&lt;/a&gt;, like a slightly more complex version of rock/paper/scissors that plays out on a human scale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But of course there must be some skill in it. How frequently can a professional goalkeeper save penalties taken by, say, a typical teenager who plays on a varsity team at his high school (or whatever the non-American equivalent is)? What if we flip the roles around: how would a professional penalty-taker perform against a non-professional goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T12:44:48.470" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T12:44:48.470" Title="How much of a skill difference is there in penalty taking/defending between professionals and everyone else" Tags="|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1991" CreationDate="2015-03-11T03:33:10.680" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rugby, the ref always comes over to meet the captains of each team before the game so he can identify them on the field.  When I first started playing all the older members on my team gave me crazy looks before our first game and ordered all the rookies to never, ever, EVER speak to the ref.  If you need to tell him something your captain should relay the message.  This year a player got sin-binned (like hockey's penalty box, usually only used for dangerous repeated fouls) for cussing on the field.  Additionally, all of our refs are unpaid volunteers at the high school and college level (at least in Texas), so everyone is just grateful that we have a ref at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2015-03-11T03:33:10.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8863" CreationDate="2015-03-11T14:53:57.827" Score="7" ViewCount="19909" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question may apply to other leagues in other places, but recently I saw an article about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/85/england/2015/03/10/9698982/falcao-falters-again-in-ineffective-manchester-united-u-21s?ICID=HP_TS_7&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Radamel Falcao playing for the Manchester United U-21 team&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://metro.co.uk/2015/03/10/forget-falcao-rafael-scores-wonder-chip-for-manchester-united-under-21s-5097494/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rafael doing the same thing&lt;/a&gt;. Both players are over 21 and make semi-regular starts for the Manchester United senior squad. How are they also allowed to play for the U-21 reserve team when they're obviously over-age?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1954" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T09:03:50.347" Title="How can older players play for a U-21 team in England" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8862" CreationDate="2015-03-11T15:01:53.797" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/u21-competition-format.html&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt; say that they can:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Clubs are only allowed to field three outfield players over the age of 21, plus the goalkeeper is also permitted to be over 21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-11T15:01:53.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8864" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8870" CreationDate="2015-03-11T17:39:50.510" Score="3" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;In last night's Scotland-Sri Lanka match, Scotland lost their last wicket after 43.1 overs, 363/9 to 215/10 (43.1).  At that point, averaging just under 5 runs per over, Scotland would have reached a point around the 47th over, where it would have been no longer (realistically) possible to win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, say they had not been dismissed in 43.1, and instead scored 5 (more) runs in that over, leading to 220 at 44.0.  They then scored 5 more runs for the next several overs; at 47.0 they have a score of 235.  With 18 balls remaining in 3 overs, they now trail by 128; but even if they hit sixes on every single ball, they could only score 108.  Yes, there might have been extras, but hardly twenty of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had this happened, would they continue to bat (pointlessly)?  (I realize that in some circumstances, total runs scored might factor into tiebreaks for going on, but clearly not in Scotland's case.)  Would it have been by choice (similar to declaring an innings at end in a Test match, though that is usually for the opposite reason) or by rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a limited overs match (an ODI or similar), is there a criteria for ending a game prematurely when it is determined to be no longer possible that the team batting second can win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T10:26:30.247" Title="Does a team stop batting if it cannot win?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8865" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-11T20:03:18.663" Score="13" ViewCount="9354" Body="&lt;p&gt;If, during kicks from the penalty mark, the ball hits the goalpost and lobs outside the penalty area and then returns back into the goal without touching any player, will it be considered a goal or not?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please provide a reference to IFAB laws if possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9106" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-04-18T21:08:40.577" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T21:08:40.577" Title="Is it a goal if, during kicks from the penalty mark, the ball goes outside the penalty area and then into the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8865" CreationDate="2015-03-11T21:42:25.083" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;On page 55 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, in the &lt;em&gt;Kicks from the Penalty Mark&lt;/em&gt; procedure, it says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless otherwise stated, the relevant Laws of the Game and International F.A. Board Decisions apply when kicks from the penalty mark are being taken. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that, since no other description is given, Law 14 (governing Penalty Kicks during the game) applies to this situation, with the exception of the placement of extra players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 45, &lt;em&gt;Law 14 (The Penalty Kick)&lt;/em&gt; says, in regard to a goal being scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is awarded if, before passing between the goalposts and under the crossbar the ball touches either or both of the goalposts and/or the crossbar and/or the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee decides when a penalty kick has been completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the situation you describe the ball hits the goalpost/crossbar, hits the ground and then goes back into the goal. This would be a goal unless the referee had decided that the kick was completed. If the ball had landed all the way outside the penalty area (very unlikely), it's possible the referee would have blown the ball dead since it was so far from the goal. But if he hadn't, it's a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T02:09:53.870" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T02:09:53.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1550" CreationDate="2015-03-12T01:51:30.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use Pro Guard Toe Protector. You can buy it at most sporting good stores. It comes with its own brush, let each application dry completely before applying the next coat. 3-4 coats should do it. It dries to a hard, plastic like finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9108" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-03-12T03:13:50.857" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T03:13:50.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-12T04:22:17.770" Score="5" ViewCount="853" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sport of Ultimate has many strange terms. One of them is &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160621035506/http://www.examiner.com/article/frisbee-101-what-is-universe-point&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;universe point&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;double&lt;/em&gt; universe point&amp;quot;, apparently happening at the end of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zO2KXjAk5Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7622" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-10-16T11:26:13.173" LastActivityDate="2023-10-16T11:26:13.173" Title="What is &quot;double universe point&quot; in Ultimate Frisbee?" Tags="|terminology|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8864" CreationDate="2015-03-12T09:27:45.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ODI regulations specifically prevent a side from declaring, so the option of just stopping batting is not present (see section 14 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/54dad3266e240-CWC2015%20Final%20Update%2028%201%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this PDF&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In theory, they could simply walk off the pitch and forfeit, but would be subject to sanctions if that happened, making it incredibly unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, even if you know you cannot win (barring Philip Kendall's scenario in the comments), you play the game to it's conclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-03-12T10:26:30.247" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T10:26:30.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8637" CreationDate="2015-03-12T10:42:16.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I experienced the same problem, I would just take my scarf, wrap it once around it, so when I sit on it I won't lose it but I could take it away easily, and then use the rest as u cushion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not the best solution, but it was the easiest for me and it took away alot of the pressure on my leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9110" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-11-09T18:24:28.097" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T18:24:28.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5103" CreationDate="2015-03-12T11:11:07.027" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would guess that by &quot;indrinken&quot; he meant to drink enough so you wouldnt dehydrate too hard by the harsh weather&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T11:11:07.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8858" CreationDate="2015-03-12T12:46:52.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Professionals will be able to aim better and shoot harder.&#xA;Keepers must be able to see where the shooter is aiming at, before he shoots. (if the keeper dives when the professional has already shot, the keeper will mostly be too late).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T12:46:52.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8858" CreationDate="2015-03-12T13:14:41.853" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beyond a high school varsity player cannot kick as hard or as accurate is that the high school player would be much more apt to give away kick positioning through their body language, strike approach, and certainly their leg/torso positioning on a follow through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a goalie in soccer for 15 years and some for a top 25 high school I can say that there are kicks you can see before they leave the foot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I compare this to a study that ESPN did a few years ago having major league baseball players try to hit softballs thrown underhanded.  Because the players did not have any mental ques they couldn't get a bat on anything.  Hitting a 95 MPH fastball was the years that they got used to release point, spin, arm action, leg follow through and so on.  There is no way without this that their reflexes could react in time.  Studies have shown in baseball that a player has to start their swing when the ball is 1/4th of the way to the plate.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would imagine that a professional soccer goalie by that time in their life has seen possibly a million balls kicked at them.  The best goalies will index things like strike angle, leg position, body position, torso turn, ball spin... And keep track of what the ball did based on all of these things.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A high schooler might be a dead give away just looking at their plant foot.  If I saw someone plant early I would guess that they were pushing the ball and if late, pulling the ball.  A high schooler would have a much much harder time hiding things like this, while maintaining ball speed, approach speed, and accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-03-13T03:14:25.427" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T03:14:25.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8869" CreationDate="2015-03-12T15:39:54.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, it's just a misnomer, probably from combining &quot;double game point&quot; and &quot;universe point&quot;. There isn't really any interesting variation on universe point that one might meaningfully label &quot;double&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="825" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T15:39:54.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7049" CreationDate="2015-03-13T00:03:05.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the sport; some have very strictly defined rules for &quot;amateur&quot; versus &quot;professional&quot;. Golf is one of them, and I believe tennis also makes this distinction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, if you've ever been paid to play the game, or have accepted a prize for winning an event beyond a certain monetary value, you are said to have lost your &quot;amateur status&quot;; you are now a &quot;professional&quot; player, and cannot compete in events that are open to amateurs only, under threat of disqualification from the event, as well as possible criminal charges if by fraudulently competing as an amateur you win money or a prize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some exceptions; there is a minimum prize value that triggers this change, so amateur tournaments can give meaningful, valuable prizes to players without causing those players to unwittingly &quot;turn pro&quot;. Additionally, token payments for instruction, like &quot;gas money&quot; or buying your instructor a beer in the clubhouse, don't trigger loss of amateur status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, an amateur player can, without any money changing hands, &quot;renounce&quot; his or her amateur status at any time. This is rarely done; typically a player will announce they are &quot;turning pro&quot; by accepting something that would invalidate their amateur status as a matter of course, such as taking the top prize at the U.S. Open or accepting a sponsorship deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most other circumstances, being a &quot;professional&quot; simply means you're paid to play the game. Some make a distinction between &quot;semi-pro&quot; (yeah, you're paid to do it but you still need a &quot;day job&quot;) and truly &quot;professional&quot; (you make enough that playing &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; your day job). A few sports will allow players who have previously played professionally to compete at lower levels, ranking players more on current skill level (so a 60-year-old former NHL player might be welcomed into a B or C-league hockey team), but others do still make the distinction that if you've ever played professionally, you can't go back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T00:03:05.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-03-13T02:05:31.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very simply, there are very few offensive plays that require players other than the QB to memorize exactly what everyone else on the field will be doing. Nine plays out of ten, each player just has to remember what &lt;em&gt;he's&lt;/em&gt; supposed to do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blocking assignments.&lt;/strong&gt; The offensive lineman draws his paycheck for protecting the QB, and other positions like the tight end and running back typically get their hits in too. It's not a flashy job but it pays well, especially on the QB's &quot;blind side&quot;. But, doing it well requires knowing who to hit first, or even &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt; to hit. Defensive formations usually don't mirror the offensive line; they'll put three or four linemen against five OL, with two to four linebackers behind that. That requires each offensive lineman to know whether he's blocking to his inside, his outside, or in some cases pushing downfield to block in the secondary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Snap count.&lt;/strong&gt; The offense cannot move for one full second before the snap of the ball, with the exception of a single &quot;man in motion&quot; who must be a &quot;back&quot; and cannot be moving toward the line of scrimmage as of the snap. Violating any of this is an &quot;illegal shift&quot;, &quot;illegal motion&quot; or &quot;false start&quot; depending on exactly what happened when. These penalties are most often whistled on a player that doesn't know or doesn't remember the &quot;snapcount&quot;, which is the pre-arranged signal on which the center should snap the ball; the QB will say several other things while the offense is &quot;down&quot; in an attempt to draw the defense off-sides, but it will backfire if an offensive player &quot;jumps&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Passing routes.&lt;/strong&gt; Wide receivers have nine basic routes they run; the exact path can vary as the player attempts to evade the defense, but they are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a19wN.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll hear of some variations, but they're all based on one of these 9 routes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that the &quot;outside&quot; routes are odd, while the &quot;inside&quot; routes are even; it's typical for two wide receivers lining up on the same side to have routes that don't interfere; the outside receiver will run an odd route while the inside receiver runs an even route. However, one of the most basic offensive tricks is to set up a &quot;crossing route&quot;; the inside receiver will run a corner or fade route, while the outside receiver runs a post, dig or slant. If done correctly, the defense will be caught on their heels and the player cutting inside will get space from his defender to make a play happen. However, this is one case where the receivers have to know what the other is doing, so they run close enough at the start to keep the defenders close to each other, without the cross tripping up one or both receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Running routes.&lt;/strong&gt; In addition to variations on the above pass routes and a few more &quot;screen&quot; routes where the RB squeezes through the line before catching a pass, the RB can also receive a handoff, and most running plays are designed to give him a specific hole at the line of scrimmage to run through. It isn't always there, so the star running backs in the NFL draw their pay for being quick thinkers and movers to find the hole, but the blockers will know where the RB will be looking to go and will try to open the hole by changing their blocking direction, moving inside instead of outside or even moving through the defense to block in the secondary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Downfield tactics.&lt;/strong&gt; Once the play &quot;develops&quot;, offensive players who have moved downfield should assist the ball carrier any way they can, primarily by blocking downfield defenders so the ball carrier has room to run, or in some circumstances being available to catch a &quot;pitch&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T02:05:31.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8858" CreationDate="2015-03-13T15:27:34.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the shooter having full control of the situation a more experienced shooter/ penalty taker would be able to trick a less experienced keeper far easier than a experienced keeper. whereas a more experienced keeper may still be tricked fairly easy by a lower experienced taker as luck plays a very big part in the keepers game in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that it is a free kick that other opposing players cannot intercept it puts the shooter in a very advantageous position and a penalty to the keeper and the opposing team as the name suggests. this means that the keeper is always going to be handicapped in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T15:27:34.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-13T16:21:46.233" Score="2" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;is it legal to dribble the ball after rebounding your own miss when the ball only hit the backboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9114" LastActivityDate="2015-03-13T16:21:46.233" Title="Rebounding your own miss when the ball only hits the backboard" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-03-16T10:01:17.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-14T07:15:58.690" Score="6" ViewCount="1873" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching American college basketball games or NBA games, I'll often see players drive to the basket and get fouled.  When this happens in the second half of a game, I frequently hear the announcers say something like &quot;That's Player A's 4th/5th/6th foul!&quot;  Of course, Player A is a critical player and it would be disastrous to his team if he fouled out.  Then quite often I'll hear the announcers say something like &quot;Oh wait, they're calling the foul on Player B instead.  That's just his 2nd foul.&quot;  Then sometimes I hear them say something like &quot;It didn't look like Player B was even near the play.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So do referees sometimes not call a foul on a player who is in danger of fouling out, and instead give the foul to a player with fewer fouls - even if that player didn't commit the foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T14:43:38.477" Title="Do basketball referees sometimes try to save players from fouling out?" Tags="|officiating|basketball|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8886" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-14T11:02:20.267" Score="7" ViewCount="20726" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ODI cricket, minimum 20 overs to be bowled to use Duckworth–Lewis rule. But my question is even if chasing team scored the D/L 20 over par score target in just 10 or 15 overs, will it be mandatory to bat full 20 overs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If team A batting first, scored 150 runs in 30 overs &amp;amp; all out (150/10 - 30 overs)&#xA;Target is 151 in 50 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team B batting second, scores 120 runs in 12 overs &amp;amp; lost 2 wickets. (120/2 - 12 overs)&#xA;Rain interrupts now. As per D/L method, revised D/L target would be 80 runs in 20 overs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But play couldn't resume as rain continues till the end. But team B is well ahead of D/L par score. but didn't complete the 20 overs. Now what will be the result?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will team B be declared the winner or the match is abandoned due to rain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9117" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T05:23:12.303" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:04:46.527" Title="What happens when rain interrupts an ODI game in second innings before 20 overs and the chasing team is well ahead of D/L par score?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-14T13:52:51.273" Score="6" ViewCount="1455" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that when the chasing team wins, they are said to win by the number of wickets remaining?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the relevance of this? You could have 10 wickets remaining and reached the target on the last ball of the last over - it would've been a close game but the margin would've been the greatest allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't it make more sense to describe the margin as the Net Run Rate (which is what is actually calculated in the World Cup group ladder anyway) or the number of overs remaining?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T12:39:55.337" Title="Why is the margin when the chasing team wins measured in wickets?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-03-14T14:28:00.750" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;My reading of the ICC regulations indicates that the above scenario would be a no-result. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The regulations are available &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/542bbed14ad2e-2%20_Standard_ODI_2014-15_Final_Oct_14.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant sections are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 12.4.2.B.iii states that a minimum of 20 overs in the second innings is required, subject to a result not being achieved earlier. In the example above, a result isn't achieved, as when the rain came they were chasing 151.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 27.7.2 says that a minimum of 20 overs is required in the second innings before applying the D/L par score. Hence, the D/L score above is irrelevant, and the match is declared a no-result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T14:28:00.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8887" CreationDate="2015-03-14T14:37:00.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of it as having &quot;resources&quot;. In the first innings, the batting side accumulates resources in the form of runs - 300 for 1 is the same as 300 for 9 in resource terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The side batting second then has 10 wicket &quot;resources&quot; to accumulate the target score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence if the side batting second wins, it's because they marshalled their resources properly, to maintain them and achieve the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A result is usually described in terms of runs or wickets, but for limited-overs games the number of overs taken to achieve the target is normally mentioned too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Describing it in terms of NRR might be logical, but it's not the tradition, and cricket is all about tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, this approach of resources is what underpins the Duckworth-Lewis method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T14:37:00.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8911" CreationDate="2015-03-14T16:25:20.803" Score="2" ViewCount="1456" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rugby Union, when a penalty is taken as a kick into touch, imagine the following two situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.die-sinlosen.de/fred/rugbykick.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalties http://www.die-sinlosen.de/fred/rugbykick.png&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The kick goes over the try line (I think this is called in-goal?), but then into the touch area (over the field's side line) before touching the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The kick goes over the try line and over the end of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens in these cases? Which team will have possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9120" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T21:06:35.460" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T21:06:35.460" Title="Rugby penalty kick into touch-in-goal" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8887" CreationDate="2015-03-14T20:20:24.533" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Largely, this is historical. In the days before one-day cricket, matches generally &lt;em&gt;were&lt;/em&gt; won and lost on the number of wickets taken in the fourth innings - it was a rare match which ended up with more than one team likely to win as the match approached its end, but rather a question of whether the team in the winning position could force a win, or whether it would end up as a draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously that's changed with the advent of one-day cricket, but there certainly are still matches were number of wickets is important; take for instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/current/match/656409.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;New Zealand vs Scotland&lt;/a&gt; in the 2015 World Cup - if New Zealand batted out their 50 overs, they were going to better Scotland's total of 142 so &quot;won by 3 wickets&quot; probably is more appropriate than &quot;won with 151 balls remaining&quot;. I agree net run rate is potentially a useful measure of the margin of victory, but I suspect trying to explain it would confuse people who aren't hardcore cricket fans so much that its value would diminish beyond the point of usefulness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-14T21:30:51.167" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T21:30:51.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8894" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8895" CreationDate="2015-03-15T13:10:18.020" Score="4" ViewCount="2001" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a wide ball runs away to the boundary, it's considered as 5 wides, rather than 1 wide plus 4 byes. Is there a reason for this breakdown of the extra runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9124" LastEditorUserId="9124" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T14:39:09.800" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T07:58:52.837" Title="Why are multiple wides not considered as a bye plus wides?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8894" CreationDate="2015-03-15T22:36:18.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is &quot;whose fault is it&quot;? Wides are considered to be the bowler's fault, and are  scored as runs conceded by the bowler. On the other hand, byes are considered to be the wicket-keeper's fault and not scored as runs conceded by the bowler. The typical case for 5 wides is a ball either so wide or so high that the keeper doesn't have a reasonable chance to stop it, so it's reasonable that these are debited to the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-15T22:36:18.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8896" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8897" CreationDate="2015-03-15T22:55:17.190" Score="3" ViewCount="2734" Body="&lt;p&gt;If several riders finish a cycling race with the same total time, what is used as a secondary criterion in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_classification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;general classification&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in this years &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Paris%E2%80%93Nice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Paris-Nice&lt;/a&gt; Michal Kwiatkowski, Rui Costa and Simon Špilak had the same time in GC at the and of the race. They were on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T07:34:14.850" Title="What is used as tie-breaker for cyclists with the same time in GC?" Tags="|cycling|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8896" CreationDate="2015-03-16T05:12:52.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referencing the rules for the 2014 Tour De France (I am assuming that these follow general standards for international cycling, but had a hard time finding a specific source for global cycling competition rules, like FIFA has rules for soccer around the world - if anyone finds a set of rules, I'd be interested in seeing them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 24 of the rules has the following to say in regards to ranking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blockquote&#xA;  a) General individual time ranking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The general individual time ranking is established by adding together the times achieved by each rider in the 21 stages, including time penalties. In the event of a tie in the general ranking, the hundredth of a second recorded by the timekeepers during the individual time trial stages will be included in the total times in order to decide the overall winner and who takes the Yellow Jersey. If a tie should still result from this, then the places achieved for each stage are added up and, as a last resort, the place obtained in the final stage is counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give a little context, in most stages the time is rounded to the nearest second. But in time trial stages, the times are recorded to the nearest hundredth of a second, specifically to act as a tie breaker in this situation. It seems that if that's STILL a tie, then they look at lowest rank-sum over the entire competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules are here. The English version starts on page 27 (of the pdf - page 26 of the printed version) and Article 24 starts on page 38/37. There are other tie breakers in place for the other big awards given out at the Tour De France, but I stuck with just the time winner (yellow jersey) for this answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2014/docs/TDF14_reglement_BD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2014/docs/TDF14_reglement_BD.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T05:12:52.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-03-16T06:30:22.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the given scenario, if the rain interrupts the game after 12 overs of the second innings and the play can't resume (i.e. not possible) after that, the game will be declared as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;no result&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; sadly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get result of the match by D/L method, the target must be set by D/L method. To set the target by D/L method, all the conditions (e.g. no rain, fit ground etc) must allow to play the match further. If that happens (the conditions allows to resume the play) the target will be set by D/L. But still the team batting second do not win the match! They have to play at least one delivery to win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/match/656415.html?innings=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New Zealand and England in World Cup 2015&lt;/a&gt;, someone asked if the rain interrupts the match (when NZ needed just 12 off 41 overs and the dinner break was taken) and no further play is possible will NZ win the match. In the reply they said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;that happens only when the ground is deemed fit to play and a target&#xA;  has been set for 20 overs. If there were to be rain now, and the&#xA;  ground were not deemed to be fit to play, there would be no target in&#xA;  20 overs (which I am sure New Zealand have crossed because they are&#xA;  just one down), and there would be no result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="540" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T11:04:46.527" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:04:46.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8896" CreationDate="2015-03-16T07:34:14.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/inside-uci/rules-and-regulations/regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UCI cyclings regulation&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/16/82/39/2-ROA-20150205-E_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Part II: Road Races&lt;/a&gt; (version 5.2.2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.6.015&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Where two or more riders make the same time in the general individual time placings, the fractions of a second registered during individual time trials (including the prologue) shall be added back into the total time to decide the order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the result is still tied or if there are no individual time trial stages the placings obtained in each stage shall be added and, as a last resort, the place obtained in the last stage ridden shall be taken into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T07:34:14.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-16T10:25:17.157" Score="7" ViewCount="6960" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cricket&lt;/a&gt; Uniforms have full pants, even though players need to run?&#xA;Football players wear shorts presumably to help them run more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9126" LastEditorUserId="7577" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T00:16:54.987" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T09:42:24.250" Title="Why Cricket Uniform has full pants, even though player need to run?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8901" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-16T10:33:39.143" Score="1" ViewCount="5057" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why Stump out is wicket for bowler, then why Run out is not wicket to bowler?&#xA;In both cases, Batsman should be in crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T20:23:45.237" Title="Why Stump out is wicket for bowler, then why Run out is not wicket to bowler?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8900" CreationDate="2015-03-16T10:39:39.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The trousers on a cricket strip are loose and do not significantly affect running speed. What they do help with is both giving some protection to the knees etc when players slide or dive to field the ball, and also keeping players warm - maybe not an issue if you're playing in India, but come and play a match in Durham in April and you'll want not just trousers but a couple of thick jumpers as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think the comparison with football is really relevant - cricket involves a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; more standing around than football and often on much harder ground, so the requirements are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-16T10:46:04.947" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T10:46:04.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8901" CreationDate="2015-03-16T10:43:19.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A stumping generally happens when the bowler has deceived the batsman with some combination of length, speed and/or spin and has enticed him to come out of his ground to play a shot - as such, it involves an amount of skill on the part of the bowler so they are credited with the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A run out means that the batsman has hit the ball and decided to run, but for whatever reason there wasn't actually a run there. The skill here comes from the fielders and whoever breaks the wicket, and no significant input from the bowler - as such, they're not credited with a wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-16T20:23:45.237" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T20:23:45.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8900" CreationDate="2015-03-16T12:34:15.040" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket has its origins as a gentleman's summer sport as opposed to football which has traditionally been a working man's sport. Cricket has hence had high clothing and cricketers have been very well-dressed since its nascent beginnings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, cricket during its early stages was not a very athletic game like what football is. Hence there was no acute need for athleticwear over options like trousers and a shirt.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it was originally played in England where it often gets quite cold to play in. By the nature of the game, there's not much continuous physical activity for the fielders so as to keep them warm (as in football). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T10:29:39.453" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T10:29:39.453" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7073" CreationDate="2015-03-16T16:10:52.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; seems to have reliable information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Diving from 10 m and maintaining a downward streamlined position results in gliding to a stop at about 4.5 – 5m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-16T16:15:09.580" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T16:15:09.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8906" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-16T20:11:23.623" Score="1" ViewCount="702" Body="&lt;p&gt;When using a swinging gate play - can the offensive center (long snapper first being an  eligible receiver) shift to another position if they do not touch the ball (only aligning over the ball prior to touching the football if long snapping?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9127" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-03-16T20:32:36.257" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T21:37:34.063" Title="can the offensive center in football shift to another position if they do not touch the football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8906" CreationDate="2015-03-16T20:44:42.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is this is a legal play in the NFL, assuming he was legally allowed to shift (he had not taken a 3 point stance or simulated one, but was in 2 point stance, ie, on his two feet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/10_Rule7_BallInPlay_DeadBall_Scrimm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the NFL rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 3: Restrictions for Snapper. The snap (3-31) may be made by any offensive player who is on the&#xA;  line of scrimmage but must conform to the following provisions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(a) The snap must start with the ball on the ground, with its long axis horizontal and at right angles to the&#xA;    line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(b) It is not necessary that the snap be between the snapper’s legs, but it must be one quick and&#xA;    continuous motion of the hand or hands of the snapper. The ball must leave or be taken from his&#xA;    hands during this motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(c) The snapper may not snap the ball after it is ready for play until all of the officials have had a&#xA;    reasonable time to assume their normal stances. If this occurs, the ball remains dead, and no penalty &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as far as his eligibility to move, from earlier in that document:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 1: Interior Lineman. It is a False Start if an interior lineman (tackle to tackle) takes or simulates a threepoint&#xA;  stance, and then changes his position or moves the hand that is on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 2: Change of Stance. An interior lineman who is in a two-point stance is permitted to reset in a three-point&#xA;  stance or change his position, provided that he resets prior to the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if he was never 'set', he should be able to change position; and even if he stays over or near the ball, another player on the line may snap the ball (even, I believe, if he snaps through the other player's legs, though that's probably not a good idea.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He could not move to an eligible position of course - he would have to stay on the interior of the line, unless he'd reported as eligible, in which case the initial formation might be illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about college or high school, maybe Coach will know that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T20:44:42.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8900" CreationDate="2015-03-16T21:51:08.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an additional reason for the wearing of trousers.  The pads warn by batsman when strapped on are quite uncomfortable especially in the past when the straps were simple leather strips, hence the trousers offer protection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern era where they are cloth and padded it is predominantly tradition that dictates the wearing of trousers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although modern cricket trousers are usually made of specialist fabrics that help keep players warm/cool and so offer a comfortable garment to wear as well as providing some help in keeping muscles warm etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T21:51:08.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-03-16T21:56:37.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @truedub says they score any runs that are run prior to the ball crossing the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However from the point of view of recording the number of 4 or 6 hit they only count the cases where the ball crosses the boundary they dont count all run 4 and 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T21:56:37.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5246" CreationDate="2015-03-16T22:05:33.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As soon as the player would have been out the ball is deemed to have been dead.  So in the case of an umpire taking a long time to make an LBW decision as soon as it is given out the ball is deemed to be dead from the moment it hit the pad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T11:32:17.497" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T11:32:17.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-03-16T22:12:42.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In both cases the defending team would be offered the option of a 22m drop out or a scrum back at the point the kick was taken from.  This is the same as for any kick.  This would only apply for kicks not at goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it had been signaled as a kick at goal both would result in a 22m drop out for the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These scenarios are covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/index.php?law=22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 22.8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T18:44:17.010" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T18:44:17.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5117" CreationDate="2015-03-16T22:21:11.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certainly at the local level here in the uk for non serious injury we would use a player or spectator as the square leg or non strikers end umpire whilst standing at the bowlers end for both bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At representative and first class level you will have a reserve / 3rd umpire appointed who would take over the duties of the umpire who had become incapacitated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At international level there is always a 4th umpire as well as the tv umpire who can undertake provide cover for the on field umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-16T22:21:11.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7476" CreationDate="2015-03-16T22:34:43.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Best advice is.. Read the situation. In football being one on one with a defender doesn't mean just go and attack him. &#xA;End of the day you don't want to lose the ball and be on the back of that.&#xA;For example:&#xA;Read the game if you see a player free, play the ball. Drag your defender towards him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then take the ball back when in  free situation and take it forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Move in to positions where defender forgets to mark you then ask for the ball. The defence will already be out of position allowing you to move forward into attacking position. Making it easier for you to dribble at defenders and stopping you from freezing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking players on is great, but positioning is vital. If your in a better position from the start you already got the upper hand.. Less likely for you to just 'freeze up'&#xA;As a player who used run at defenders. Over the years when you play against quicker and strong defenders. You can't simply just skip past them, but you had to position yourself to do it right. Get the defender facing side on.. Dribble one way then change. Making it a lot harder for the defender to get back because of his/her positioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2036" LastEditorUserId="2036" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T11:14:21.350" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T11:14:21.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7441" CreationDate="2015-03-17T12:41:38.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitch is defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-7-the-pitch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 7&lt;/a&gt; as being a rectangle of 22 yards/20.12m length and 10 feet / 3.05m in width.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-9-bowling-popping-and-return-creases/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 9&lt;/a&gt; defines the creases and in the case of the return crease the minimum length of the crease which is 8ft /2.44 m behind the popping crease (the front crease) and therefore it must extend 4ft / 1.22 m behind the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is to aid with judgement of back foot no balls (the bowlers back foot must land within and not touching the return crease) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 24 5a&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with all creases though they actually extend to the boundary behind the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The area that is cut short is a minimum of the pitch but tradition is to mow short back to the edge of the square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T12:41:38.263" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2015-03-17T14:00:52.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Android app &lt;a href=&quot;https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.syncmytracks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;SyncMyTracks&lt;/a&gt; can import and export from and to Nike+, Strava, RunKeeper, Endomondo, Garmin Connect and other services. I've been using it for a few months, and it works great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2086" LastEditorUserId="2086" LastEditDate="2015-06-01T11:41:04.967" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T11:41:04.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2015-03-17T18:52:15.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason for not drawing the 15yard circle is that they would overlap and become confusing to the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the circle is dotted to allow the umpires the reference point without the additional confusion of the full circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally the groundsman would prefer not to draw white lines at random all over the other pitches on his square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T18:52:15.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8652" CreationDate="2015-03-18T02:35:14.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very common problem for many players at the &quot;club&quot; level, and a typical reason I've seen is that the desire to put the short ball away or forcing a play creates tension in the swing/stroke and modifies it (unconsciously). The tension is greater during match play due to pressure so the strokes seem to work well during practice. It's not easy to fix: she can try to develop more variety as suggested by jamauss to play different strokes altogether on shorter balls, or she can try to address the fundamentals of her regular strokes so that unwanted tension is removed as much as possible - the aim here is to produce consistent swing regardless of ball position or mental pressure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9132" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T02:35:14.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8920" CreationDate="2015-03-18T11:33:44.883" Score="3" ViewCount="1262" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are always a lot of mind games around the service procedure in badminton. Last week I played a guy who twitched his foot every time I was serving. I found this very distracting at the critical point of the stroke. Is that legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9134" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:09:23.410" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:09:23.410" Title="The receiver moved his foot as I was serving in badminton. Is it legal?" Tags="|rules|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2015-03-18T12:14:43.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=516821&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, pp. 5-6&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 9.1.7&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The movement of the server’s racket shall continue forwards from the start of the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule, together with rule 9.1.1, ensures that the service action must be one continuous movement with no double-action feints. To be precise, you are allowed to serve with either of these actions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One backswing immediately followed by one forwards swing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One forwards swing on its own (no backswing) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Facing a Rushed Service&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 9.4 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you're facing someone trying to rush their service, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintonbible.com/articles/rules/lets.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;it's best to simply &lt;strong&gt;not move&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. If the serve lands in, then you simply ask for the point to be replayed because you weren't ready. If the serve lands out, then you take the point! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rushing the service is a cheap tactic, and can be easily countered if you stay calm and don't move until you are ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9134" LastEditorUserId="9134" LastEditDate="2015-03-19T00:23:51.373" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T00:23:51.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8918" CreationDate="2015-03-18T14:09:19.493" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=608602&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, 9.1.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some part of both feet of the server and the receiver must remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's unclear what you mean about twitching his foot, but it sounds like it might be legal and might not be depending on the particular action of the foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T14:09:19.493" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3201" CreationDate="2015-03-18T20:17:29.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/37251.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Phil Horne&lt;/a&gt; of New Zealand was a double international player - representing his country at the highest levels of both cricket and badminton. So yes, there is evidence that the skills are transferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9134" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T20:17:29.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1695" CreationDate="2015-03-18T23:23:13.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question in its simplest form as asked, a batsman may stand in any position he/she likes and will be treated as right/left handed based on how he was stood at the instant of the delivery.  He need not tell anyone and may change as many times as he likes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bowlers may also change the type of bowling and mode of delivery as often as they like.  The only restriction being that if a bowler changes the mode of delivery he must first tell the umpire.  Who will tell the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mode is whether he is bowling right/left hand over or around the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether he is bowling spin, pace or any other type is up to him.  I know of spinners who bowl both off and leg spin as well as genuine quick balls too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T23:23:13.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T02:22:42.263" Score="0" ViewCount="2545" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a cricket ground, what is the blackboard situated at every straight boundary used for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the batsmen order this blackboard to be moved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9135" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-05-15T06:02:52.707" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T06:02:52.707" Title="On a cricket ground, What is the blackboard situated at every straight boundary for?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T02:34:19.027" Score="0" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;After 1983 World cup, players ran away from the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket, crowds used to come to the ground after the completion of an innings, but now they don't. Why has this phenomenon stopped?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9135" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T17:38:56.593" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T17:38:56.593" Title="Why don't the cricket spectators come to the ground after completion of innings any more?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8925" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T02:42:57.253" Score="4" ViewCount="3323" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, in UDRS screen, if the ball hits the wicket, then why is not out still given?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw this situation so many times happened; bowler appealed for UDRS for LBW,&#xA;in UDRS it shows ball hits the wicket, but still not out is given sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9135" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T15:54:00.417" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T12:25:59.550" Title="In cricket, in UDRS screen, if the ball hits the wicket, then why is not out still given?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8926" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T02:57:00.973" Score="0" ViewCount="16494" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, why are wides are not considered in test matches, but no balls are considered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9135" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-04-06T10:49:58.203" LastActivityDate="2024-04-06T10:49:58.203" Title="Why are wides are not considered in test matches, but no balls are considered?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8927" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T03:35:46.697" Score="1" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title says it all, really. In the world cups for different sports, the player lead children on the field. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9136" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T03:35:46.697" Title="In the Cricket and Soccer/Non-American Football World Cup, why do the players lead children during the beginning?" Tags="|cricket|football|world-cup|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-03-19T21:09:14.170" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8929" CreationDate="2015-03-19T04:45:15.573" Score="-2" ViewCount="443" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Olympic torch&lt;/a&gt; goes out accidentally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9138" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-05T20:55:41.690" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T20:55:41.690" Title="What happens If Olympic torch goes out accidentally?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8928" CreationDate="2015-03-19T05:21:48.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens If Olympic torch gets off accidentally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same Wikipedia article you reference under the section &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_flame#Reigniting_the_flame&quot;&gt;Reigniting the flame&lt;/a&gt;&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Olympic torch is re-lit, or another torch is lit, from one of the multiple backup sources of the flame that is accompanying the relay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T05:21:48.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8930" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-19T05:46:13.857" Score="-2" ViewCount="569" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, how can the pitch decide the match's result?  We all know match result depends on the player's performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9138" LastEditorUserId="3619" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T13:19:11.203" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T13:19:11.203" Title="In cricket, How pitch can decide match result?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-03-20T15:37:08.517" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-03-19T08:17:56.480" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sight screen is placed behind the bowler so that the batsman can pick up the ball as soon as possible. It is black for ODIs as the ball is white, but White for Test Matches as the ball is red.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been length delays as the sight screen can break and moving spectators can throw a batman off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6056" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T08:17:56.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8926" CreationDate="2015-03-19T08:51:44.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wides &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; considered in test matches (and all other cricket) - however, the criteria for a wide in first class cricket and much looser than in one-day cricket; principally the ball has to be &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; wider than it does in one-day cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a famous example, see Steve Harmison's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7Y6T44tzIc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first ball of the 2006/7 Ashes series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T08:51:44.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8925" CreationDate="2015-03-19T09:04:38.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general principle is that an umpire's LBW decision is overruled only if there is &quot;conclusive&quot; evidence from the UDRS that the decision was wrong; if the UDRS presents only marginal evidence, then the original decision stands - this is known as &quot;Umpire's Call&quot;. The specifics vary according to the exact type of cricket being played and are amended occasionally - you'd need to read the exact playing conditions for the match you're interested in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/91/rules-and-regulations/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;current Test Match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Appendix 2, section 3.3(iii):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;iii) With regard to determining whether the ball was likely to have hit the stumps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a ‘not out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the ball is hitting the stumps, the evidence provided by technology should show that&#xA;  the centre of the ball would have hit the stumps within an area demarcated by a line drawn below the lower edge of the bails and down the middle&#xA;  of the outer stumps.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;However, where the evidence shows that the ball would have hit the stumps within the demarcated area as set out above but that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The point of impact is 300cm or more from the stumps; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The point of impact is more than 250cm but less than 300cm from the stumps and the distance between point of pitching and point of impact is&#xA;  less than 40cm, the original decision will stand (i.e. not out).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If an ‘out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the ball is missing the stumps, the evidence of the technology should show that no&#xA;  part of the ball would have made contact with any part of the stumps or bails.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-04-02T12:25:59.550" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T12:25:59.550" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8930" CreationDate="2015-03-19T09:26:03.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine a test match where the pitch deteriorates significantly over the course of the match, so that by the 4th or 5th day it has very inconsistent bounce and pace and therefore batting is &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; harder than it was on the earlier days. At that point, if you've got two reasonably matched teams, the team batting last is almost certainly going to lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, if you put a pub team against the South African test team, the South Africa test team is still going to win no matter when they bat, but it's generally considered a bad thing if the pitch has a &lt;em&gt;significant&lt;/em&gt; input on the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T09:26:03.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2927" CreationDate="2015-03-19T09:44:41.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there's a language barrier at work here. Jacob Jan Tuinstra's answer is interesting but misleading. The context of the question is how &quot;throwing&quot; can &lt;em&gt;lose a point&lt;/em&gt;. Slinging or throwing the shuttle is a fault in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=608602&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BWF Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, 13.3.7, page 8: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It shall be a fault: if in play, the shuttle is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9134" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T09:44:41.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4233" CreationDate="2015-03-19T10:23:36.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Badminton can be a very frustrating game, full of minor skills that take time to acquire. The elements of accuracy speed and deception are part of its charm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was at your level I frequently became angry or flustered. If you really want to improve, it will just take a lot of practice. Learn the rules, learn to serve consistently, learn good court positioning, learn all of the basic strokes. Your opponent will always try to disturb your calm, you should be aware of the tricks people use. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try to see each game as a contest against yourself, and make it your mission to improve every day. There is no point getting angry, you are not playing in the Olympics (are you?). Play hard and play to win, but remember it is a game, try to keep your ego out of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps pay for some coaching, try to be realistic about where you are at and don't expect to become Lin Dan overnight. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9134" LastEditorUserId="9134" LastEditDate="2015-03-19T11:33:24.650" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T11:33:24.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2867" CreationDate="2015-03-19T11:34:46.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Schedules of the ICC full members is controlled by the ICC and the member boards.  The ICC have the future tours program, the latest copy of which is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/305/icc-ftp-future-tours-program/future-tours-programme-ftp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  This outlines who will play whom and when.  It also identifies what matches will be played and includes the ICC tournaments such as world cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The member countries can also arrange other fixtures as well for example England often play ODI's versus Ireland and or Scotland as a local agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to arranging what grounds the fixtures are played at I believe its a matter for the home board.  Certainly that is the case in England where there is a bidding process run by the ECB to decide which matches are played where.  I believe the ICC has minimum standards for international grounds but I cant find them at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T11:34:46.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8930" CreationDate="2015-03-19T17:57:24.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The condition of the pitch directly effects the ease of playing the game.  The condition of the pitch effects how easy it is for the batsmen to play shots with confidence, how much the ball will move either through seam or spin and how quickly the ball will travel off the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally a good pitch should provide assistance to all, bounce and pace for bowlers and batsmen and then wear over the course of the match bringing the spinners into the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In multi day cricket if a pitch is too good it will tend to lead to a high scoring draw which is boring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitch condition as well as being effected by wear is effected by the weather, so what is a nice hard dry pitch could become a lot less pleasant to bat on after rain and it sweating under covers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore the pitch condition is an important factor in deciding what to do after the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T17:57:24.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8924" CreationDate="2015-03-19T19:54:42.420" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's no different in cricket than in any other sport: it's dangerous for the players, the officials and everyone else involved in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T19:54:42.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8950" CreationDate="2015-03-20T22:11:21.150" Score="2" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you fill out a bracket? I am &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; asking how one chooses particular teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never done a bracket before in my life. I have figured out that the two teams connected by a line means they play a match. So assuming I have chosen a winner, I think I put the winning team's name above the line on the next round over, and do this for all the teams and all the rounds until I have a final champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of questions I have, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the top of my blank bracket, there are 8 teams that are completely separated. Are they also playing? Or do they have their own mini-tournament going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the bracket has been filled, how do you track the actual results? Do you cross out an incorrect choice and replace it with the correct winner? Do you write underneath in a different color? Since the first results have started to come in today, I don't want to mark my bracket improperly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9148" LastActivityDate="2015-03-20T22:43:18.007" Title="How does one fill out a bracket?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8949" CreationDate="2015-03-20T22:43:18.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can answer this for the &quot;usual&quot; case.  People do all sorts of weird things in sports wagering and the ilk; but the 95% case is here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The eight teams you reference are the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Opening_Round_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;First Four&lt;/a&gt;.  They are the &quot;play-in&quot; games; the winner of them feeds into a couple of spots on the main bracket, either as 16 seeds (2 of the 4 games) or as 11/12 seeds (2 of the 4).  Most brackets do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; require you to fill them out (although you certainly could set up a tournament that required it); I assume largely because they mess up the nice scoring method of 1 point for 1st &quot;real&quot; round -&gt; 32 for &quot;finals&quot; all being powers of 2 and all giving the same value for a 100% correct round (32 each round are available).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you lock in your bracket, you are stuck with who you picked at the time you made the pick.  If you picked Baylor to go to the final four, you've lost not only the 1 point for the first round, but also the 2 points for the Round of 32, the 4 points for the Sweet 16, and the 8 points for the Elite 8.  That has a substantial impact on picking strategy where it comes to upsets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as how you identify who won/lost, you can do it however you want.  Frequently people line through the pick and write the correct team above it, but you certainly could write in a different color or whatever makes sense for you.  There's no one right way to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-20T22:43:18.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8926" CreationDate="2015-03-21T20:51:15.050" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In test cricket the laws of cricket definition of a wide ball is used. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 25 wide ball&lt;/a&gt;.  In that a ball is a wide if it is not possible to play a normal cricket shot from his normal stance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ODI and T20 cricket this is modified by an instruction to be very strict on wides, if the batsment can not play a scoring shot it shall be called wide.  They also place guidance marks on the pitch to help judge wides.  Also generally deliveries down the legside will be wided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-03-21T20:51:15.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8884" CreationDate="2015-03-22T05:33:46.260" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Donaghy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tim Donaghy&lt;/a&gt;, a former NBA referee, wrote a book titled &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Foul_(book)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Personal Foul&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (it was originally titled &lt;em&gt;Blowing the Whistle&lt;/em&gt; but was renamed after he had to find another publisher).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/5392067/excerpts-from-the-book-the-nba-doesnt-want-you-to-read&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deadspin&lt;/a&gt; published some excerpts from the book.  Donaghy wrote that the fans pay to see star players score a lot of points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You would think that the NBA would love a guy who plays such great defense. Think again! Star stoppers hurt the promotion of marquee players. Fans don't pay high prices to see players like Raja Bell — they pay to see superstars like Kobe Bryant score 40 points. Basketball purists like to see good defense, but the NBA wants the big names to score big points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Donaghy then wrote that star players get preferential treatment when it came to foul calls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player of Kobe's stature collides with the likes of Raja Bell, the call will almost always go for Kobe and against Bell. As part of our ongoing training and game preparation, NBA referees regularly receive game-action video tape from the league office. Over the years, I have reviewed many recorded hours of video involving Raja Bell. The footage I analyzed usually illustrated fouls being called against Bell, rarely for him. The message was subtle but clear — call fouls against the star stopper because he's hurting the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also wrote about how if a star player was in danger of getting into foul trouble, then the referees would try to keep him from being benched by only calling obvious fouls on him or trying to give fouls to other players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If Kobe Bryant had two fouls in the first or second quarter and went to the bench, one referee would tell the other two, &quot;Kobe's got two fouls. Let's make sure that if we call a foul on him, it's an obvious foul, because otherwise he's gonna go back to the bench. If he is involved in a play where a foul is called, give the foul to another player.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also wrote about how referees would start calling fouls in games that became too physical in order to try to rein in the players.  He said they would only call those fouls on non-star players to ensure that the star players remained in the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Similarly, when games got physically rough, we would huddle up and agree to tighten the game up. So we started calling fouls on guys who didn't really matter — &quot;ticky-tack&quot; or &quot;touch&quot; fouls where one player just touched another but didn't really impede his progress. Under regular circumstances these wouldn't be fouls, but after a skirmish we wanted to regain control. We would never call these types of fouls on superstars, just on the average players who didn't have star status. It was important to keep the stars on the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, Donaghy is a convicted felon and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/basketball/nets/donaghy-suggests-refs-nets-side-article-1.1765245&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA&lt;/a&gt; and many other people think he has no credibility.  Henry Abbott wrote an &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/truehoop/post/_/id/11340/tim-donaghys-claims-on-trial&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; for ESPN.com in which he examined the book.  He said that some of the claims in the book were refuted by Charles Barkley, Phil Jackson, and others.  But he didn't provide any evidence or quotes from anyone to either support or disprove the claim that referees give preferential treatment to star players in terms of foul calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-03-22T05:33:46.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8953" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-22T14:01:35.547" Score="6" ViewCount="1019" Body="&lt;p&gt;I swim combat side stroke only, and have managed to make my way to around 300m straight. However, it seems like no matter what I do, I can't make it past 300m. Yesterday, I put a float between my thighs and did minimal flutter kicks instead of the big scissor kick in the css stroke, and felt like a could swim forever. Why am I running out of breath with the scissor kick? Is it because I'm trying to hard to propel with my legs, or is it because I'm trying to hard to balance myself? I'm a little confused. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9150" LastEditorUserId="9150" LastEditDate="2015-03-22T17:05:17.663" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T17:20:23.110" Title="Out of breath after swimming 300m" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-04-07T08:25:29.750" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-22T16:30:21.113" Score="0" ViewCount="3942" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is that if on a FREE HIT a batsman gets and inside edge and ball hits the stumps, can he take runs on that ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9151" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T11:31:50.120" Title="Cricket Free Hit rule" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-03-24T13:11:48.303" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8953" CreationDate="2015-03-23T20:33:25.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This guy explains the long answer way better than I can say it.  Jump to page three for your specific situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/triathlons/training/train-with-pull-buoy.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/triathlons/training/train-with-pull-buoy.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is the pull buoy is holding you up, but really all your questions come into play.  You run out of breath without a pull buoy because kicking is hard work.   The buoy saves you the energy you've been using to kick.  It holds your bottom half up in the water without your input (even though those buoys seem so small).  You also are more hydrodynamic with a pull buoy because your legs aren't moving.  The buoy helps you keep a straight form.  A lot of swimmers don't have that powerful a kick so what you are experiencing is totally normal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T20:33:25.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2015-03-23T21:28:11.340" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translated from the Swedish Wikipedia link:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About Rune Ångström:&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a football player, he is renowned for the number of successful penalty kicks in a row: he made 57 successful consecutive penalties from 1949 to 1953 , and 53 consecutive pieces during the years 1942-1949&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9154" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T06:40:41.580" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T06:40:41.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2015-03-24T07:38:34.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gaizka Mendieta&lt;/strong&gt; was considered the ultimate penalty taker. There are&#xA;  no records shown, even according to his own testimony, of him ever&#xA;  missing a penalty during his professional career!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.history-of-soccer.org/mendieta.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.history-of-soccer.org/mendieta.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ivan Krstanović&lt;/strong&gt; (Croatia, 2000-present) The GNK Dinamo Zagreb forward&#xA;  has by all accounts never missed a penalty in his career, assuring&#xA;  UEFA.com that &quot;it's at least 30 goals&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hans-Joachim Abel&lt;/strong&gt; (Germany, 1972-84) ..., but Fortuna Düsseldorf, VfL&#xA;  Bochum 1848 and FC Schalke 04 striker Abel is statistically the&#xA;  Bundesliga's best, reportedly converting all 16 of his spot-kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ledio Pano&lt;/strong&gt; (Albania, 1986-2001) Midfielder Pano boasted a 100% record&#xA;  in over 50 penalties in his career in Albania and Greece&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1913517.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1913517.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="4927" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T07:44:18.040" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T07:44:18.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-24T10:23:58.540" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;With England driving a maul toward France's touchline, the referee awarded a penalty to France which cost England a potential try and the Six Nations title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What infringement did England make for him to make this call? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9156" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T14:59:03.400" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T23:26:19.183" Title="Why were France awarded penalty during the last minute maul against England?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8960" CreationDate="2015-03-24T10:32:07.643" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The indication from Nigel Owens was that the English players arriving at the breakdown had gone off their feet.  The explanation being that the maul had ended and a ruck had formed and players need to remain on their feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watching live I felt that the penalty should have gone to England for the French players not releasing the tackled player and the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T23:26:19.183" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T23:26:19.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8954" CreationDate="2015-03-24T10:33:38.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you cannot be out bowled from a free hit you may score runs as the ball has not become dead.  The same would happen if the batsmen was caught any and all runs are scored regardless of the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The free hit Regulation is here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;24.2 Free Hit after a foot-fault no ball... the delivery following a no ball called for a foot fault (Law 24.5) shall be a free hit for whichever batsman is facing it. If the delivery for the free hit is not a legitimate delivery (any kind of no ball or a wide ball) then the next delivery will become a free hit for whichever batsman is facing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any free hit, the striker can be dismissed only under the circumstances that apply for a no ball, even if the delivery for the free hit is called wide ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Field changes are not permitted for free hit deliveries unless there is a change of striker (the provisions of clause 41.2 shall apply).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires will signal a free hit by (after the normal No Ball signal) extending one arm straight upwards and moving it in a circular motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you would apply the same process as for a no ball, and dead ball.  So while the ball is not dead the batsmen may score runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T11:31:50.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-24T12:15:58.063" Score="3" ViewCount="4898" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This question is particularly about &quot;Umpire's Call&quot;. The linked question doesn't provide any information about umpire call.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a decision is reviewed in the Decision Review System (DRS) we can sometimes see &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wickets Hitting: &lt;strong&gt;Umpires Call&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &lt;strong&gt;Umpire's Call&lt;/strong&gt; actually mean and in which situation this will be given?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7804" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-31T13:53:54.413" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T13:53:54.413" Title="What is Umpire's Call in a DRS review?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2015-03-27T02:53:44.067" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8963" CreationDate="2015-03-24T13:01:35.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Umpires Call&quot; is a way of saying the decision made by the on-field should stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of the referral system say that there needs to be a clear mistake by the on-field umpire to reverse the decision. &quot;Umpires Call&quot; is a way of saying that there isn't a CLEAR mistake, and therefore the decision should stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T13:01:35.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8965" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-24T14:16:14.213" Score="1" ViewCount="6073" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for statistics that give me a sense of how many rounds of golf &lt;em&gt;the average golfer&lt;/em&gt; plays, but am unable to find this so I'm wondering if any golfers here can anecdotally give me a sense of this number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did find this great infographic describing golfer demographic info, which definitely paints a great picture of the average golfer, but fails to mention how many rounds of golf the average golfer plays. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golf.com/special-features/2009-survey-american-golfer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.golf.com/special-features/2009-survey-american-golfer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many rounds of golf does the average golfer play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9157" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-16T10:45:10.797" LastActivityDate="2017-12-16T10:45:10.797" Title="How many rounds of golf does the average golfer play?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7245" CreationDate="2015-03-24T16:53:51.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;one of the main reasons for not wearing goggles/eye protection in squash is inconvenience. This is mainly due to the eye protection fogging up due to body heat and perspiration, requiring the player to wipe and clean the glasses.  This causes breaks in play and concentration which most players consider a huge disadvantage. Because this occurs on a regular basis, compared to eye injuries being infrequent (number of games without injury v number of games with fogged eye wear) , it becomes a more preferable option to go with statistics and leave the eye protection off. Even though good sense would dictate otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9158" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T16:53:51.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7426" CreationDate="2015-03-24T17:09:32.750" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Serve strategies are used to gain advantage over an opponent. A lob will hit the front wall high and central, and will take the ball over head to the back of the opponents half.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player returns this type of serve easily then a change of serve tactic may be used. Eg, A smash or power serve.  This is when the server serves the ball with a powerful smashing action. It is aimed to hit just above the service line at center or off center.  The ball will come very fast and lower down at a steeper angle. Depending where it strikes the wall, it may come directly at the opponent or to their left.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another type is to hit front wall at an angle, causing the ball to then deflect off the side wall towards the opponent. This forces the opponent to change or alter stance to return the serve, giving a possible advantage.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other variations, but it is always a good idea to vary your serves so as not to become predictable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9158" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2015-03-25T10:09:22.117" LastActivityDate="2015-03-25T10:09:22.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8968" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-03-24T21:08:10.937" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T21:08:10.937" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T21:08:10.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8969" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-03-24T21:08:10.937" Score="0" Body="One of the two major rugby codes. Please use this tag rather than &quot;rugby&quot; for questions which are specific to union." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-25T13:21:02.933" LastActivityDate="2015-03-25T13:21:02.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8971" CreationDate="2015-03-25T10:14:04.497" Score="2" ViewCount="4266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Related to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7295/highest-points-to-finish-runner-up-in-champions-league-group-lowest-points-to-w&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, what is the minimum points required to guarantee qualification for Euro 2016 in a five or six team group? In a four team group with home and away games and the top two qualify (as in the Champions League) you must have 13 points to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;guarantee qualification&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="890" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T02:32:18.673" Title="Minimum points to guarantee qualification where top two qualify" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8970" CreationDate="2015-03-25T10:30:14.013" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For six teams &lt;strong&gt;25&lt;/strong&gt; points, for five teams, &lt;strong&gt;19&lt;/strong&gt; points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have six teams there are 30 games, so maximum 90 points to play for. Assuming every game is won by a team where; the bottom team wins none, the second bottom beats only the bottom team (6 points) and the third team beats on the two lower placed team (12 points). That leaves 72 points, to be split between the three top teams who all beat the lowest three teams and each other once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a five team league there are 20 games, so 60 points to play for, same sort of logic applies, working up from the bottom team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="890" LastEditorUserId="890" LastEditDate="2015-07-01T09:20:25.637" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T09:20:25.637" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8977" CreationDate="2015-03-25T15:20:43.943" Score="6" ViewCount="804" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympics are held every 4 years and all other major sporting events (soccer and rugby world cups etc.) are held on 4 year cycles to avoid clashing with the Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any sporting events held regularly more than 4 years apart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9162" OwnerDisplayName="Mowing Bar" LastEditorUserId="9162" LastEditDate="2015-03-26T11:25:28.673" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T11:25:28.673" Title="Sporting events held more than 4 years apart" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8973" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-26T02:14:14.630" Score="9" ViewCount="2850" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, why win the opening jump ball if there's no advantage (possession will be rotated afterwards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6383" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T09:25:13.920" Title="Why win the jump ball?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8974" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-26T03:29:06.373" Score="5" ViewCount="1110" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per laws of the game, a team can send their batsmen to bat in any order. Why then are teams asked to submit the batting order before start of the game? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the team nomination forms &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ICCMediaComms/status/580928710661947393&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweeted by ICC&lt;/a&gt; ahead of the 2015 World Cup semi-final match between India and Australia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lYJF5m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Australia Nomination Form&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5HrcPm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;India Nomination Form&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T02:08:10.860" Title="Why are teams required to submit their batting order before the start of play?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8973" CreationDate="2015-03-26T07:39:06.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No real reason; as you say possession will be rotated afterwards. Probably the biggest advantage is the psychological benefit of having the first possession and thus the first opportunity to take a lead, but I imagine that's a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; minor benefit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T07:39:06.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8972" CreationDate="2015-03-26T08:06:46.510" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least two Swiss Wrestling (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwingen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Schwingen&lt;/a&gt;) competitions are held every 6 years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unspunnen-schwinget.ch/76/Ranglistenarchiv.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Umspunnen-Schwinget&lt;/a&gt; in Interlaken is held every 6 years. The last events were in 1999, 2006 (the 2005 event was postponed due to rain) and 2011. The next event will be in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilchberger_Schwinget&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kilchberger Schwinget&lt;/a&gt; is also held every 6 years, with the last events in 2008 and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.srf.ch/sport/mehr-sport/schwingen/sempach-gewinnt-den-kilchberger-schwinget&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;, and the next to be held in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to note that the biggest event, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidgen%C3%B6ssisches_Schwing-_und_%C3%84lplerfest&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Eidgenössisches Schwing- und Älplerfest&lt;/a&gt; is held every 3 years. Schwingen is not an Olympic sport, so there is no need to synchronize with the Olympics, but it may be an advantage for local festivals to avoid clashing with the national festival.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T08:06:46.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8972" CreationDate="2015-03-26T10:57:22.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the years the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rugby League World Cup&lt;/a&gt; has ranged from every 3 years up to every 8 years.  The most recent gaps being 8 years from 2000 to 2008 and then 5 years to 2013.  However, due to the switch in hemispheres, the next world cup will be a more traditional 4 year gap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T10:57:22.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-03-26T13:11:00.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're not. The space on the form is optional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 1.2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/54dad3266e240-CWC2015%20Final%20Update%2028%201%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 World Cup Playing Regulations&lt;/a&gt; covers nomination of players - batting order is not mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As someone said in the comments, the TV people like it, but teams can and do change it at will, as it's a tactical weapon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T13:11:00.417" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8973" CreationDate="2015-03-26T14:13:20.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because you want the extra possession in the 4th quarter.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The team that gains possession after the opening tap will put the ball into play at their opponent’s end line to begin the fourth period. The team losing the opening tap will put the ball into play at their opponent’s end line at the beginning of the second and third quarters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_history.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Rules History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note for NCAA and lower - Jump ball is very important because all possessions are alternating including jump ball situations and second half possession.  Original basketball rules settled things with a jump ball.  Possession arrow was something to make things go faster and to be fairer to smaller teams (and to get rid of referees having issues throwing a good, fair ball for jumps).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T09:25:13.920" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T09:25:13.920" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5427" CreationDate="2015-03-26T14:24:26.987" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been trying to solve the same problem for years. It's unsolvable for me. I'm 1.84 cm, 75 kgs, and allegedly having 12% body fat ratio. So, my way of solving the problem is improving my water treading skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Females float better than males and both males and females float better in saltwater than in freshwater. Very few adults can float horizontally in the water, yet most children can hold a star float in the horizontal position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It must be noted that a persons weight has little to do with their density. Muscle is denser and therefore heavier than fat, making fatter people better floaters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the full reading:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swim-teach.com/how-do-I-float.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.swim-teach.com/how-do-I-float.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9163" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T14:24:26.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8884" CreationDate="2015-03-26T14:43:38.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have worked many upper tier high school to mid-major games for the past 15 years.  I played basketball growing up and like to pride myself in calling a clean game.  I definitely do not have a bias based on the way a player looks, race, attitude, or anything like that.  I like the thugs, I like the ballers, I like the shooters, I like the cocky kids - I find the &quot;mean&quot; personalities part of the charm of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I have seen a variety of things and will note them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Homer ref won't call a foul/violation on home players unless the fouls or obvious or don't effect the game.  Example - visiting team has 8 fouls called on them and home team has been to the line 6 times.  Four minutes to go in the half homer ref notices that home team has 2 fouls.  So he starts whistling reach-ins.  Really good homer ref will call said reach-in after a home player has been beat badly, negating points while getting the fouls &quot;even&quot;.  A really really good homer ref will have a foul on the visiting team's star player within 5 minutes and two by halftime for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Favorite player ref.  There are refs that get enthralled with a player's style.  So that ref will let said player do whatever.  Usually said player is a smooth dribbler and good shooter.  I have seen refs miss 10 carries in a game because the player looked smooth while carrying.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can't handle big-boy ref.  This is not so much in the NBA since almost every team has 4-6 big/fast players.  But go to a college/high school game and this is a prevailing issue.  If you are 6-6 250, built, and fast... Chances are that if you touch a guard its a foul and if you get hit while laying the ball up... well you can handle it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The puppetmaster ref.  And I think this is mainly what you are referring to.  These are the refs that feel like their job is to create the best show.  They will make sure that the stars don't get in foul trouble, they will try to keep the score close by fouls/violations.  The good ones are subtle and an average fan would never suspect anything, the bad ones do things like call the foul on the player next to the star.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The racist/biased ref.  Hey it's out there.  The NBA's own ref data that was published a few years ago showed that white refs called more fouls on black players than white players (per minute average).  And at even a greater rate, black refs called more fouls on white players (and way more violations).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is refs are humans.  They are not robots.  There are many refs that have a Napoleon complex.  You show them up, they will give you sneaky fouls.  Also refs make money even down to the high school level they get hired by the league/district/school.  You foul out the star player a few times, maybe you get less games or a bad rating.  And guess what basketball is so subjective that you could take the best ref and find 20 missed calls in 5 games to make him look bad.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I will leave you with my personal bias.  I love the poetry of basketball.  I am certainly biased against players who disrupt this.  Especially those who have learned sneaky/dirty tricks.  A lot of coach's teach bigs to give the other big man a little push in the stomach with their off hand during a shot.  Most refs don't call it.  I call it.  And then I will look at every single piece of contact that players make the rest of the game.  Same for jersey grabbing, sticking your elbows/knees out on screens, post-up shoves, and so on.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T14:43:38.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8984" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8986" CreationDate="2015-03-26T19:10:57.070" Score="3" ViewCount="1967" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was trying to find the information about youngest player with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_ATP_World_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP World Tour&lt;/a&gt; title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found on Wikipedia that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Chang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michael Chang&lt;/a&gt; is the youngest player to win Grand Slam title. Wikipedia also has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Era_tennis_records_%E2%80%93_men%27s_singles#Miscellaneous&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list of oldest&lt;/a&gt; tournament winners (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Era_tennis_records_%E2%80%93_men%27s_singles&amp;amp;oldid=729270338#Miscellaneous&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;). But I did not find information about who was the youngest tournament winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T05:41:25.673" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T05:41:25.673" Title="Who was the youngest player to win an ATP World Tour tournament" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8984" CreationDate="2015-03-26T21:09:05.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean any ATP tournament (and not the overall Finals), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Krickstein&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Aaron Krickstein&lt;/a&gt; won an ATP World Tour tournament in Tel Aviv in 1983 at the age of 16 years 2 months, the youngest to do so according to his wikipedia page (which cites a book with that information).  I don't see any other source that disagrees, and he's still listed in Wikipedia as the youngest top 10 in the ATP rankings, so that seems likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T21:09:05.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8641" CreationDate="2015-03-27T03:39:10.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This comes with practice, in every 2nd serve which is commonly be served in twist or kick serve, visualize the ball course during practices and try to hit a return ace. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends if you're an offensive player with hard groundstrokes. In my case, I try to smash the ball back usually inside out where it easy to control, but for defensive/offensive, try to do short drop shots or slice it across the net. If the serve is low, try to practice rising shot. Please refer to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5RzALUWp88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T15:28:38.090" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T15:28:38.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3364" CreationDate="2015-03-27T22:39:28.873" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First let's go over the appeal process.  It is basically the same for any appeal in any situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the play is over the pitcher will engage the mound/rubber.  Then step off and then throw to the base where the infraction occurred.  There is no need to tell an umpire what you are appealing.  They would understand that this is an appeal and make their decision.  For instance if the runner missed first base and the pitcher stepped off and threw to third base the umpire would signal a &quot;safe&quot; sign.  The pitcher may appeal to every base after the play is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When is the play over?  This is a judgement call by the umpire but basically the rulebook states when a player has officially retreated from the play.  Meaning the player has begun to go to the dugout or is in the dugout or &quot;quit&quot; the play.  Note that this is not when the player hits homeplate or crosses home.  For instance a player could round the bases, cross home, run another 10 feet and a team could yell, &quot;Go back and hit first!&quot;  The player then would have the opportunity to hit home, then third, then second, then first, then second, then third and home again to complete their homerun.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is crucial for the defensive team to not let on that they will appeal until the play is over and why you will notice that teams are very quiet/sneaky when they feel like something is missed.  The rulebook in my opinion gives the offensive player too much of a chance to correct their mistake.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is that no run shall count with two outs if a player misses a bag and is out on appeal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read reference from the book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: Two out, Jones on second, Smith on first and batter,&#xA;  Brown, hits home run inside the park. All three runs cross the plate.&#xA;  But Jones missed third base, and on appeal is declared out. Three&#xA;  outs. Smith’s and Brown’s runs are voided. No score on the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-03-27T22:39:28.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="165" CreationDate="2015-03-28T05:54:16.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I worked on a golf app many years ago that helped map out courses in the midwest region and offer golfers help on the course - and for them to see the holes on their phone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We had TONS of statistical data available to us and actually had a pro that was also a stats major and he found some really interesting things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;length of the hole is not a great indicator for difficulty.  There was very little correlation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;most courses (not all) based their par based on what someone who shoots 75-80 would average on that hole.  If a hole had a lake to shoot over for example, you could have a par 4 that was 265 that averaged 4.9 because there was such a severe penalty for going in the water.  Same for bunkers, tight fairways, lots of trees and so on.  Probably the reason that you see so many pros do well compared to par on some courses is because they have the ability to hit over the obstacles or not bad enough to hit into them.  If joe average players that averages a 78 and loses 4 strokes per 18 because of these things, that is quite an advantage on par for the pro golfer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;pro&quot; courses will usually rate their courses based on a scratch golfer.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;par ratings mean almost nothing.  We got data on over 1000 golf courses and the average scores ranged from 79-84.  If you can shoot a 75 on one course consistently but only an 81 on another, it probably has more to do with the first course having easier holes than your performance there.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the two most heavily correlated factors that we had for a holes difficulty (par rating) was the size of the green and the slope of the green.  It wasn't even close.   You could probably create a par 5 that was at 180 yards with a 15 foot green that had a 30 degree slope and it might average well over 5.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;courses want to have 18 holes work out to 70-72.  If they have a course estimated out at 67 they can try to make some holes harder or just bump up three holes.  There is nothing governing this.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some courses cater to good scores to drive business.  I always play a local course once a year that sucks but is really easy just so I can see the 80s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I am just a guy that saw a lot of data.  I am sure someone with more golf knowledge could clarify how they deduce holes at nice courses.  I am sure it has just as much to do with marketing as it does with taking statistical analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T05:54:16.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8999" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-28T22:22:54.430" Score="2" ViewCount="2506" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about the away/home goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In soccer,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I lost a game away 2 - 0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I won the game at home 3 - 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did I win ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9180" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-03-29T05:35:08.500" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T19:47:39.947" Title="Away goals rules in soccer" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-28T22:46:30.373" Score="5" ViewCount="1214" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the later stages of the NCAA Tournament (the Final Four, and possibly Elite Eight and Sweet Sixteen), the games are usually played in large stadiums to accommodate a huge number of fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes during these games, certain players (or even entire teams) have very bad shooting performances.  Often times people and commentators will say it's because the players aren't used to shooting in such large arenas. They frequently cite depth-perception problems as a result of the wide-open feel of the basketball court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true?  Can a large stadium really cause depth-perception or other problems that would impact a player's shooting?  I would imagine that most of these players grew up playing on outdoor courts, so I don't know why a wide-open feel would have any impact on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2015-05-25T02:52:24.390" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T17:29:52.343" Title="Can a large stadium impact college basketball players' shooting?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|venues|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9011" CreationDate="2015-03-29T00:52:17.710" Score="4" ViewCount="29021" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Cricket World Cup Final is tonight (3/28/2015) and it's starting at about 10:30pm central time in the United States. At about what time will it finish? I typically go to bed early and get up early, so I'm thinking maybe I can get up for the end, but I can't seem to find online how long an average final might last. I'd guess around 6 hours, but I'm not a huge fan of cricket by any stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9182" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T17:13:02.630" Title="How many hours does a World Cup Cricket match usually last?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9001" CreationDate="2015-03-29T01:31:34.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to wikipedia, &quot;One-day cricket matches last for six hours or more&quot;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_time_%28cricket%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9183" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T01:31:34.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9003" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9004" CreationDate="2015-03-29T08:11:12.543" Score="2" ViewCount="1047" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anybody explain the meaning of &quot;double-pump&quot; in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Grant sprinted down the court and had an opportunity to win the game at the buzzer, but Kentucky's swarming defense made him double-pump and his shot missed the mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9185" OwnerDisplayName="Peter" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T09:23:49.680" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T20:28:17.323" Title="What does &quot;double pump&quot; mean in basketball?" Tags="|terminology|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9003" CreationDate="2015-03-29T08:20:19.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nba/double-pump.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Double Pump&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A technique in basketball that consists of faking a shot by pumping the ball quickly into the air twice, as if shooting.&lt;/strong&gt; A single pump may not be enough for superior defenders, and by pumping the ball into the air twice, an offensive player increases the chances of getting the defender in the air and out of position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This move is often used to draw a foul on the defender because once the defender is in the air, the offensive player can shoot &amp;quot;into&amp;quot; the defender, thereby causing a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9184" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T20:28:17.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4740" CreationDate="2015-03-29T13:06:44.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Radar gun is used to calculate the bowling speed in cricket.A simple example showing the use on &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bigbro.in/blog/how-is-the-bowling-speed-and-lengthdistance-of-the-sixes-hit-in-cricket-measured/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bigbro.in/blog/how-is-the-bowling-speed-and-lengthdistance-of-the-sixes-hit-in-cricket-measured/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How it works?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Radar gun is the current or present technology to calculate the speed of bowl. Radar gun has both radio transmitter and the receiver. This device works on the principle of &quot;Doppler effect.&quot; It sends the radio waves to the receiver. They emit a radio signal in a narrow beam and receive the same signal after it bounces from the target particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another method,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hawk eye method&#xA;It uses six specially placed cameras around the ground to track the path of the ball, from when it was released from the bowler's hand right up until when it's dead. with the combined effect of these six camera's a 3-D image is formed and is used to measure the speed of the ball bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This same technology is used to calculate the distance of the six hit by the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9187" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T13:06:44.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8999" CreationDate="2015-03-29T14:54:02.007" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it depends on the rules of the competition! But if as per your title, you're concerned about away goals, then your team will have lost:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The primary factor is always&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; total number of goals scored across the two legs. In this case, you're tied 3-3.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The tiebreaker is then number of goals scored in the away leg. In this case, it's 0-1 to your opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At least in every two-legged competition I've ever heard of.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T14:54:02.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9010" CreationDate="2015-03-29T16:54:30.283" Score="3" ViewCount="473" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a spring training game last week there was a runner on third when the ball was bunted to a spot just off the baseline midway&#xA;between home plate and first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher retrieved it quickly and threw to first for the out. However , meanwhile a run scored. It appeared to me that the &#xA;pitcher could have thrown to catcher who could have tagged the runner from third preventing a score. The pitcher did not even&#xA;seem to consider this option I assume because the out on first was guaranteed, but wouldn't the possibility of preventing a &#xA;score be worth the risk?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never played much baseball so maybe I just don't understand the mechanics of this situation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9189" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T03:32:58.860" Title="Squeeze play: Is it harder to prevent score than it appears?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9008" CreationDate="2015-03-30T03:32:58.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't find any great statistics, but according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.brewerfan.net/viewtopic.php?f=63&amp;amp;t=28932&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this fan forum post&lt;/a&gt; and redoing the math a bit for your question, 277/355 squeeze plays where the bunt was laid down lead to a run scoring - about 1/3 of them with no outs recorded (so either the bunter is really fast, the pitcher/catcher mishandles, or the throw is to the plate).  Another 49 of them were probably safety squeezes - ie, the runner on 3rd doesn't just run all out, but takes a big lead - so really 277/306 were successful, or some smaller amount of successes with same 29 failures (as some safety squeezes were also successful). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, yes, the squeeze play is nearly always successful once the bunt is laid down.  It's not all that successful overall - it raises the Win Expectancy when correctly done, but not by a huge amount in most cases - but that's not really part of this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of 'what the pitcher was thinking', part of it was probably that it is indeed hard to throw someone out on a squeeze.  Unless it's a safety squeeze, they guy is halfway down the line when the ball is bunted.  Think about it in terms of throwing out a guy stealing second - that's hard, right?  This is harder, because you have to pick up the ball and throw it from a worse position, AND the bunt takes a while anyway.  It's also relying on the catcher's positioning and your accurate throw, all of which are hard for a pitcher who's probably not all that practiced on defense.  It's also hard if he was a righty as he has to turn around to make the throw.  Not every pitcher is &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/video/v7282679/clecws-buehrles-backhand-flick-gets-the-runner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mark Buehrle&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of it is also, keep out of a big inning.  Guy on 3rd one out, for example, sure, you allow a run - but you prevent 2 or 3 if you don't get him out.  The run expectancy for 'guy on 3rd, one out' is 0.97; so getting the out and allowing the run to score is sort of 'default', a conservative play but not necessarily wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you don't say who it is, but it's spring training.  Is this a guy with a 80 on his back?  The really good players might try to make the play, but they also might not be all that interested in stretching for a spring training out.  The guys with 80s on their backs (ie, the guys who are trying to impress the major league staff but don't likely have jobs right now) are going to make the conservative play if they're smart, because it makes them look mature, like they understand how the game is played, and aren't overeager young'uns who try to make every out like it's the bottom of the 9th in the World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if it's actually &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/sports/baseball/07redsox.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in the 9th, tie game, in the playoffs&lt;/a&gt;, you can bet your life that he's throwing home... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T03:32:58.860" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9001" CreationDate="2015-03-30T07:11:10.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There can be a large deviation of match length in the cricket world cup, consider the following two matches from the 2015 world cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England bat first, are bowled out for 123 in 33 overs. New Zealand &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/match/656415.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;knock off the runs&lt;/a&gt; in 12 overs. Match length: 4.5 hours (including tea break)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ireland score 331 in their 50 overs, losing 8 wickets. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/match/656457.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Zimbabwe are all out for 326&lt;/a&gt; in the 50th over. Match length: about 8 hours.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end Australia won the final in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/match/656495.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;6 hours and 40 minutes&lt;/a&gt; (by my calculation), as they were able to chase down the New Zealand total of 183 with 17 overs to spare. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T07:11:10.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9017" CreationDate="2015-03-30T10:29:56.793" Score="3" ViewCount="5491" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I watch a basketball game, I see many players often draw a foul by driving to the basket. Sometimes, the offensive player (ball handler) gets an offensive foul because the defender takes a charge. How do you do that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8985" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T13:58:31.267" LastActivityDate="2020-01-15T01:06:04.993" Title="How does a player effectively take a charge" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-30T11:51:49.210" Score="4" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume you have two contestant on position 1. What is the position of the next contestant? 2 (2nd time/score) or 3 (2 better then him/her)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule or sports law if a podium/classification has empty positions if several contestants are on a previous position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What sports have empty standing position and which have consecutive position regardless of now many contestants are there before a certain one? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule for it? What is the terminology I can use to describe this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9191" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T13:18:27.690" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T13:18:27.690" Title="What is the position rule in sports when multiple contestants are on the same previous position?" Tags="|rules|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9014" CreationDate="2015-03-30T12:19:26.277" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Different sports organizations have different rules, but in general, if you have two participants that are tied for first place, the next participant is in third place, not second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider a race with a leader board. The top three participants are in first, second, and third places. Now let's say that the first two pull away, and the third drops back to a distant third place. If the first two participants keep passing each other, the one on third place is still in third place. And if the first two are right next to each other, the one in third doesn't suddenly jump to second place; he still has two people in front of him, so no matter what happens with them, he's got third until he passes one of them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T12:19:26.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9012" CreationDate="2015-03-30T13:00:21.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Taking a charge” is an often overlooked skill in basketball.  This is due to the fact that in order to be good at it, the player must seek out physical contact by giving up his/her body.  In its simplest form, &lt;a href=&quot;http://basketball.about.com/od/collegebasketballglossary/g/What-Is-A-Charging-Violation.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a charge occurs&lt;/a&gt; when a defensive player is in a “set” defensive position and the offensive player causes contact to the defensive player’s torso.  Often, you’ll hear that the defensive player “owned” the spot on the floor, therefore, the offensive player must try to avoid contact.  a &quot;set&quot; position, or, good defensive position can be defined as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defender was still, or moving sideways or backward but not&#xA;forward, when contact occurred.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defender took a legal guarding position before the contact, that&#xA;is, one with both feet on the floor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defender was hit on the torso (as opposed to the arm or leg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be good at taking charges, you must be quick by playing defense with your feet and not your hands.  Beating the offensive player to the “spot” is the most effective way of taking a charge&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastEditorUserId="6336" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T14:15:25.610" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T14:15:25.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9012" CreationDate="2015-03-30T14:08:59.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The keys to taking a charge are anticipation, speed, and attention to detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anticipation refers to knowing where the ball is and knowing where the players are moving to, before they do.  In order to take a charge, you have to get to where the offensive player is going a little bit ahead of him in order to plant yourself (two feet, square body) before he gets there.  You can't take a charge if you're not there first, after all.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also need to anticipate the right point to take the charge: where is the offensive player going to be the most out of control, and thus least able to avoid you.  That could be as he goes for a layup and is going to elevate, it could be as he is turning blindly, it could be as he avoids weakside help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speed is also necessary.  You have to be quick to get to that spot on the floor- if you take a long time to get there, the offensive player will see you and avoid you.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, attention to detail is necessary to plant yourself properly and take the charge, and not get called for a defensive blocking foul.  Refs tend to call blocking when it's questionable, so the best players at taking a charge do so in an exaggerated manner (not a flop, but they plant themselves very carefully). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also do that because it helps them avoid the pain from taking the charge - you have a 200 pound person (+/- 50 pounds) barreling into you at speed, that is going to hurt.  Carefully planting yourself so that your chest takes the shoulder of the offensive player, and then falling in such a way that you take most of the contact with the floor on your buttocks rather than on your back or arm is important to avoiding injury and too much bruising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shane Battier, one of the greats at taking charges, has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lv4l0KInMNM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Youtube Video&lt;/a&gt; that some of this comes from, and he shows you nicely how to take a charge, as well as live pictures of himself and some other greats taking charges in real games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also read the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_c.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Block/Charge rulings&lt;/a&gt; which explain what is supposed to be called one versus the other. Knowing these rules and associated rulings are important, because what you're allowed to do as a defender varies by location on the floor and what the offensive player is doing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T14:08:59.897" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-30T15:27:24.463" Score="6" ViewCount="2610" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any players who have won an NCAA basketball championship while playing for two different teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9192" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T18:44:38.857" LastActivityDate="2022-03-19T19:33:50.133" Title="Have any players ever won an NCAA basketball championship with two different teams?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9019" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-30T21:10:13.067" Score="3" ViewCount="812" Body="&lt;p&gt;We help lead a youth group at church which includes kids from grades 6-8 (ages 11-14)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out a way to make dodgeball fun for everyone.  My problem is some of the girls don't like it b/c the guys throw too hard.  I can't totally nix dodgeball as an activity because we ask the kids to help lead/pick games and this is one of the more popular games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What ways are there to even things out?  I thought about making guys throw standing on one leg or throw from their knees or throw with their off hand but still wondering if there are other things we can do that doesn't &quot;dumb down&quot; the game but still makes everyone feel included?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:56:48.927" Title="How to even out skill level for dodgeball between middle school kids (guys and girls)" Tags="|technique|strategy|dodgeball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9019" CreationDate="2015-03-31T06:41:13.133" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Make the stronger kids throw with their weaker hand. You could give all the stronger kids a bright armband for their throwing hand (or non-throwing hand?), so it is obvious if anyone is cheating. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never tried this, but for me the handicap would be very effective. I can still throw with my left arm, but lose a lot of power and a bit of accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T06:41:13.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9023" CreationDate="2015-03-31T14:50:56.597" Score="2" ViewCount="9145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any players who have won an NCAA football championship while playing for two different teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-03-31T14:52:44.207" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T15:30:51.633" Title="Have any players ever won an NCAA football championship with two different teams?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|collegiate|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-03-31T14:50:56.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this answer while researching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/9018/have-any-players-ever-won-an-ncaa-basketball-championship-with-two-different-tea&quot;&gt;basketball version&lt;/a&gt; of this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;J.T. White won a football championship at Ohio State in 1942 and then at Michigan in 1947.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.secsportsfan.com/what-player-won-national-championships-with-two-different-teams.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This page&lt;/a&gt; says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q: What college football player won national championships with two different teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: According to Kent Stephens, curator at the College Football Hall of Fame:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;If you regard Michigan as claiming a piece of the 1947 title then JT White played there and at Ohio State in 1942.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; confirms that Ohio State shared the football national championship in 1942 and Michigan shared the football national championship in 1947.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._T._White&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; also confirms that JT White played football for Ohio State in 1942 and Michigan in 1947.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T18:21:17.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9018" CreationDate="2015-03-31T15:07:04.553" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No player has ever won NCAA basketball championships with multiple teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player who came closest to achieving this is Bob Bender.  He was on the undefeated &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376_Indiana_Hoosiers_men%27s_basketball_team#Roster&quot;&gt;1976 Indiana team&lt;/a&gt; that won the national championship, and he was also on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/schools/duke/1978.html&quot;&gt;1978 Duke team&lt;/a&gt; that lost to Kentucky in the title game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Bender&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says Bob Bender is the only college basketball player to reach the NCAA championship game for two different teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bender has the distinction of being the only individual to play on two different teams in two different NCAA Championship games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T15:07:04.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9028" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-01T11:24:15.867" Score="10" ViewCount="1198" Body="&lt;p&gt;When/where did the tradition of awarding the match ball to the hat-trick scorer originate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-01T18:45:46.397" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T11:58:30.697" Title="Awarding the match ball to the hat-trick scorer" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9030" CreationDate="2015-04-01T18:28:05.233" Score="9" ViewCount="839" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation in question is recorded in this video:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tX8OJQqicFw&quot;&gt;UK Championship 2009 Day 8. OSullivan — Higgins. Frame 13, weird situation &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Starting at 1:40 in the video, what is the referee doing? They are placing a red ball on the table and the commentators suggest that he is determining whether that red can be hit from where the cue ball is — but why does he need to know that, about a ball that isn’t on the table?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What happens at 5:24? The referee calls a foul, but for what? And whatever it is, did Ronnie do it intentionally to escape the situation, or was it a genuine mistake?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At 6:05, Higgins is told that he cannot request a replace because of the foul. Why is he confused about this? What do the commentators mean when they say “it’s still a miss” and “if you play a foul shot, you can call a miss”? What are the players and the referee discussing?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9201" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T00:50:19.577" Title="Please explain confusing situation in 2009 UK Championship O’Sullivan vs. Higgins" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-04-02T00:50:19.577" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a link at the bottom of this post to an online version of the rules of Snooker. These are the rules I'm working off of to answer your questions. If you're watching this, I'm guessing you understand the rules of snooker, but I'll explain some of the basics in detail for others reading this. Most terms in quotes can be found in the rules link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At 1:40 the referee is attempting to see if the cue ball is &quot;snookered&quot;. (Snookered means that the cue ball does not have a straight shot at any part of any &quot;ball on&quot; - the ball(s) the shooter can legally hit.) If the cue ball is snookered, then the incoming shooter has a &quot;Free Ball&quot; which basically means he can nominate any ball to aim for (not just a red ball, which is what he would normally have to target as the incoming shooter). The referee is using an already potted red ball as a visual aid to see if the shooter has a line on either of the two reds down at the bottom (that's why the added red ball is then removed after - it's just there for visuals). Because it's not a free ball (and a foul was committed b/c Ronnie didn't hit any balls), Higgins chooses to have Ronnie retake the shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At 5:24, Ronnie's cue touched one of the red balls on the table, which is a foul. The cue can only touch the cue ball. Whether he did it intentionally or made a mistake is hard to say, though the announcers at first seem to think he just lost concentration for a second. Later it seems he may have done it on purpose, because of your third question.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This appears to be a tricky one, but here's how I interpret it. If the referee believes that the shooter is not &quot;to the best of his ability [endeavoring] to hit the ball on&quot;, then he calls a &quot;miss&quot;. The incoming player may play the balls as they lie, or request they be reset and the offending shooter shoot again. However, if the shooter commits a penalty before nominating a color (which Ronnie did at 5:24), it is a &quot;foul&quot; and not a &quot;miss&quot; (also incurs 7 point penalty). So since Ronnie didn't call a ball, it's a foul. In this case, if Higgins wants him to reshoot, the red ball would NOT be replaced back where it was. The announcers say this at about 7:00 in, but also seem to say that the referee could call a miss in a situation like that. So since the referee has determined that it's a &quot;foul&quot; and not a &quot;miss&quot;, the balls would not be replaced if Higgins wanted Ronnie to reshoot. I'm guessing that Higgins chooses to shoot because the moved balls would have given Ronnie a shot on the black ball. Now, the cue ball was also touching the red ball (See &quot;Touching Ball&quot;), which means that the incoming shooter can nominate another ball and shoot it and incur no penalty, even if that ball wouldn't normally be on. Higgins didn't have a good shot at potting any red balls, so that's why Higgins chooses to shoot for the blue ball instead. I'm assuming Ronnie hadn't shot for the blue before because he didn't want to give Higgins an open shot at the reds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's my best guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.billiardworld.com/snooker.html&quot;&gt;http://www.billiardworld.com/snooker.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T00:50:19.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9036" CreationDate="2015-04-05T05:49:34.367" Score="8" ViewCount="11117" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is inspired by the recent debate&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/collegebasketball/eye-on-college-basketball/25112825/larry-brown-kentucky-would-make-the-nba-playoffs-in-the-east&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/03/could-kentucky-beat-an-nba-team-playoffs-undefeated-ncaa-tournament&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/no-kentucky-couldnt-beat-an-nba-team-20150327&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/extras/celtics_blog/2015/03/could_kentucky_or_any_college_team_beat_an_nba_team_brad_ste.html&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; about whether the 2014-15 University of Kentucky men's basketball team (who had been undefeated until tonight's loss to Wisconsin) could defeat an NBA team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has an American college team ever played against an American professional team (either actual teams or all-star teams)?  If so, how did they fare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-02-07T04:36:09.773" Title="Has a college team ever played against a professional team?" Tags="|nfl|nba|mlb|collegiate|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9035" CreationDate="2015-04-05T05:49:34.367" Score="14" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Baseball&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a long history of college teams playing against MLB teams in spring exhibition games.  This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wsj.com/articles/giving-it-the-old-college-try-against-mlb-1425317424&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;WSJ article&lt;/a&gt; has a good description of it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such was the unusual spectacle of the Phillies’ 6-2 loss to the University of Tampa, a Division II school. It was a sight only possible in Major League Baseball, the lone major U.S. sport with a long-standing tradition of pro teams inviting college teams to play them in preseason exhibitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, the college team arrives in the morning, tours the facilities, watches the pros go about their routines—and then gets pummeled. In 67 such games between 2006 and 2014, MLB teams went 63-3-1, combining to outscore the collegians 642-133.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exhibitions between major-league and college teams date to the 19th century. In 1876, the team then called the Boston Red Stockings, which eventually became the Atlanta Braves, beat Harvard just days before playing the first game in National League history. For all that has changed since then, the purpose of the games for major-league teams has remained largely the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They usually play them just before the start of official spring-training games, after a week or two of workouts. By then, players are tired of practice drills, and executives are eager to see players in game situations. “It’s a little bit of a warm-up for everybody,” Phillies general manager Ruben Amaro Jr. said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Basketball&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1992, a team of college stars was formed to help the U.S. men's basketball team (the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Dream Team&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, with 11 NBA players) prepare for the Summer Olympics.  The team had the following players: Chris Webber (Michigan), Grant Hill (Duke), Bobby Hurley (Duke), Anfernee Hardaway (Memphis State), Allan Houston (Tennessee), Jamal Mashburn (Kentucky), Eric Montross (North Carolina), and Rodney Rogers (Wake Forest).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The college players defeated the Dream Team in their first 20-minute scrimmage by a score of 62-54.  This happened because the NBA players didn't take the college players seriously and hadn't developed any chemistry yet.  In addition, Coach Chuck Daly intentionally used poor strategies and didn't try to win the game because he wanted to deflate the NBA players' egos and show them that they could be beaten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some interesting quotes regarding that first scrimmage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Charles Barkley: The first time we saw them, they looked like babies. We were like, &amp;quot;Hey, man, let's don't kill these little kids.&amp;quot; And they were playing like it was Game 7. Before we knew it, they upset us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Karl Malone: We took them for granted, and they kicked our butt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Jordan: We're so out of sync and so unsure about things that we feel comfortable with in normal situations. We don't have any continuity at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scottie Pippen: These young kids were killing us.  We didn’t know how to play with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bobby Hurley: I think they were searching. They weren’t in sync or accustomed to playing as much, which happens when you’re putting a team together and trying different combinations of players. [...] When you’re playing a lot of guys, players who are used to playing a lot have trouble getting into a rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assistant Coach Mike Krzyzewski: Chuck [Daly] wanted them to lose.  [...]  He threw the game.  [...]  If you look at how much Jordan played and how he subbed the guys in, not picking up, not making any adjustments; he knew what he was doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next day the teams had another scrimmage, and the Dream Team destroyed the college players.  Here are some interesting quotes regarding that second scrimmage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chris Webber: We didn't score a point. Not one point. Not a point on a free throw, not a point in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grant Hill: The next day, we couldn't get the ball over half-court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bobby Hurley: The court shrank. There weren’t opportunities to run, and in the half court we had no offense. [...] They were so long and quick, you couldn’t go by them or create anything.  They beat us by 30 points in that next scrimmage, and it could have been more than that. We had 3-4 scrimmages the rest of the week, and all of them had similar outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gq.com/sports/profiles/201207/dream-team-20th-anniversary-1992-olympics-usa-basketball?printable=true&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;GQ&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nba/eye-on-basketball/25067824/watch-grant-hill-recalls-beating-the-dream-team-in-a-scrimmage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS Sports&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lostlettermen.com/article/bobby-hurley-discusses-beating-dream-team-in-scrimmage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lost Lettermen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://offthedribble.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/the-dream-teams-very-bad-day/?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NY Times&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1992-06-25/sports/sp-1411_1_olympic-team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LA Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 2000 to 2003, the Harlem Globetrotters played 22 games against college teams.  The college teams lost 13 of those games (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/a-statistical-appreciation-of-the-washington-generals-and-harlem-globetrotters/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;see the full list of results&lt;/a&gt;). In 2004, the NCAA banned teams from playing against the Globetrotters.  In 2006, the Globetrotters lost a game to the NABC College All-Stars.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Globetrotters&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Globetrotters Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; mentions some of these games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Five years later, following another 1,270 wins, they lost 72 to 68 to Michigan State University, the reigning men's collegiate champions, on November 13, 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two years later, they &amp;quot;set aside the hallmarks&amp;quot; for a &amp;quot;three-week, no-nonsense tour against college teams&amp;quot; from men's Division One. [...] On November 10 and 11 at Vanderbilt University and the University of Maryland, another defending champion, they lost close games to both teams, their first consecutive defeats since 1961. [...] On November 3, 2003, the Globetrotters had a streak of 288 consecutive victories snapped after suffering an 89–88 loss to the UTEP Miners, who had just six victories the season before. It was their only loss during an eight-game college tour wherein the Globetrotters had defeated Michigan State (97–83), UMass (77–68), and defending national champion Syracuse (83–70).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their most recent loss came on March 31, 2006, when they went down 87–83 to the NABC College All-Stars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Football&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 1934 through 1976, a preseason match called the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_College_All-Star_Game&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Charities College All-Star Game&lt;/a&gt; was always played between the previous season's NFL champion and a team of the previous season's star college seniors.  Forty-two of these games were played, and the college all-star teams won 9 of them, lost 31 of them, and tied 2 of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T05:49:34.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9037" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-05T07:34:07.937" Score="3" ViewCount="1481" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know the best color for the surface of a table-tennis table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the table is coming for outdoor use (it's also played indoors during winter), where the natural white light may be bright, the grass and trees green, and so on. During winter the artificial light is much more yellow, and walls usually white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does experience tell about the color? Is the contrast to the white ball as good on a grey tabletop as on a blue tabletop for example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the table should officially be blue/green in competitions, but can one notice a difference? Are they &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; better colours than eg grey when playing as a hobby?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9212" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T13:22:58.450" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T09:08:04.167" Title="Best color for outdoor(/indoor) table?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="67" CreationDate="2015-04-06T05:40:31.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's another study that supports the idea that high-tops prevent injury: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/2/4/85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/2/4/85&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9216" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T05:40:31.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9041" CreationDate="2015-04-06T07:29:32.413" Score="4" ViewCount="12883" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a serve, a ball must hit the front wall first, and then it should fall into the opponent's half. But before falling into opponent's half, if the ball touches the side wall, will the serve be considered as legal? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, there are actually two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball touches the front wall first, and then before falling, it touches the side wall, and then it gets into the opponents's half.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball first touches the side wall, and then hits the front wall, and then finally gets into the opponent's half.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9217" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T14:22:11.363" Title="In squash, can a ball hit the sidewall after striking with the front wall in serve?" Tags="|serve|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9040" CreationDate="2015-04-06T13:54:04.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first scenario is legal (front wall first, then side wall, then opponent's half). The second is not (side wall, then front wall, then opponent's half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PDF of the rules is linked at the bottom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5 (The Serve) says the following about a legal serve (5.7):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A serve is good if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.7.3 the ball is struck directly to the front wall, hitting it between the service-line and the out-line, but does not hit the front and side walls at the same time; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.74 the ball, unless volleyed by the receiver, bounces for the first time in the opposite quarter court without touching any line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball needs to be struck &quot;directly to the front wall&quot; it cannot hit a side wall before hitting the front wall. However, there are no restrictions on what it can hit between the front wall and the bounce in the quarter court (except the floor and any &quot;out&quot; area).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ussquash.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/131023_Rules-of-Singles-Squash-2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ussquash.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/131023_Rules-of-Singles-Squash-2014.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T13:54:04.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-06T18:22:47.537" Score="4" ViewCount="934" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two young nieces who like to play with the putting green equipment in their back yard.  I want to make sure that they're not handling anything nasty, and in particular I want to ensure that the metal bases of the flags aren't made of lead or some other harmful metal.  What are golf cups made of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9220" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T06:42:54.557" Title="What are golf cups made of?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="202" CreationDate="2015-04-06T22:03:18.350" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4QlrAmA8fg&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt; - Matt Holiday did this in an extra inning game against the Brewers in 2014 with the game tied 3-3 and a runner on 3rd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9221" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-04-07T03:14:32.080" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T03:14:32.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9044" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9045" CreationDate="2015-04-06T22:52:48.500" Score="2" ViewCount="2843" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules preventing a batsman from facing a delivery and positioning himself behind the stumps instead of in front?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9222" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T11:59:55.543" Title="Can a batsman stand to face a delivery from behind the wickets instead of in front?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9044" CreationDate="2015-04-06T23:05:56.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe there is anything in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; which specify where a batsman must stand for a ball to be allowed. However, there is the well known &quot;Law of Don't Be Completely Totally and Utterly Stupid&quot; - I fail to see &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; possible advantage that a batsman could gain from standing behind the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T23:05:56.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9040" CreationDate="2015-04-07T03:26:29.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1st scenario is valid but the 2nd scenario is invalid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt from the world squash federation site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yes - the ball on being served can hit the back wall or a sidewall&#xA;  before hitting the floor (ground). Of course it has to hit the front&#xA;  wall first between the service and out lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsquash.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.worldsquash.org/&lt;/a&gt; for more info.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taken from World Squash RULES FAQ 03, the service section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2015-05-08T09:33:50.347" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T09:33:50.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9052" CreationDate="2015-04-07T06:04:48.833" Score="1" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does exist any speciality where is it possible to see more that one team from the same Country at the World Championship events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T15:42:13.570" Title="World Championship where there are more than one National team?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9047" CreationDate="2015-04-07T06:14:09.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer here is going to depend a lot on how you define &quot;World Championship&quot; and &quot;team&quot; (in particular, is one person a team?), so here's a community wiki list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beach volleyball: this definitely has a World Championship, and multiple pairs from one country can enter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T06:14:09.333" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-04-07T06:14:09.333" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9042" CreationDate="2015-04-07T06:42:54.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cheap ones are made of plastic.  These would not normally be found at courses because they would crack, chip, and wear out (the flag is the biggest problem).  Most decent courses use aluminum cups like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.standardgolf.com/cups/item/aluminum-cup-2-2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T06:42:54.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="67" CreationDate="2015-04-07T07:21:05.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have coached football and basketball among other sports for over 25 years.  About 15 years ago I made a big push to get my teams in low or mid tops.  The reason where the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;players ran faster&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;players had more ability to cut and switch directions (their input not timed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I had too many players losing major playing time due to high ankle sprains &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at the time high tops where very poorly designed for speed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What we noticed is that players got more sprained ankles if they were new to wearing lows.  Not a lot more but maybe a 20% increase.  But during the first three years we had no more than 2 high ankle sprains a year.  Down from 10-15 in years before.  Given that a sprained ankle would keep a kid out of practice for 2-3 days and a high ankle sprain from 2 weeks to the whole season, we were extremely happy with the results.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only issue we had was, what to do with our bigs.  The lineman in football were iffy with going low and same for centers.  A few refused.  The rest did mids.  I can say this.  We unequivocally had no issues with high ankle sprains with players in lows and no other ankle wraps.  Your ankle will generally sprain at the lowest spot available.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T07:21:05.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9047" CreationDate="2015-04-07T08:57:40.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It very definitely happens in a number of sports.  I can immediately think of bob-sleigh, where it is very common in both Olympic and World Championship competition to have multiple teams from the same country. In the most recent 4 man bob world championships Germany finished 1,2 and 4 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fibt.com/races-results/results.html?tx_pxresults_pi1[sport]=BSM&amp;amp;tx_pxresults_pi1[season]=2014&amp;amp;tx_pxresults_pi1[event]=WCH&amp;amp;tx_pxresults_pi1[searchmode]=2&amp;amp;tx_pxresults_pi1[event_id]=164813&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T08:57:40.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9001" CreationDate="2015-04-07T14:46:04.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2751/3737&quot;&gt;This Answer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In ODI, 50 overs should be completed in 210 min as per the rules and out of this 10 min is provided for Drinks breaks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, &lt;code&gt;30-40 minutes innings break&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standard Case &lt;sub&gt;(Both teams bat 50 overs / Over rate is maintained by both teams)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In total two innings &lt;em&gt;(2x210)&lt;/em&gt; + innings break, the match would go up to minimum &lt;strong&gt;450 minutes i.e. 7.5 hours&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T06:28:15.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9054" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9093" CreationDate="2015-04-07T14:57:29.080" Score="1" ViewCount="891" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2015, &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/schedule/#date=04/04/2015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Opening Day&lt;/a&gt; was on Easter Sunday.  How many times has this happened in the history of the Major Leagues (counting either the American League and the National League, when they were more separate, but not other leagues)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, in how many calendar years was the earliest game played during that calendar year across both the National League and the American League, on Easter Sunday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T14:11:30.040" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:24:43.250" Title="MLB Opening Easter Sunday" Tags="|baseball|mlb|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4935" CreationDate="2015-04-07T15:23:48.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Source : Quoting &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/780269.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is an illegal bowling action?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An illegal bowling action is one in which the bowler's 'elbow extension' exceeds 15 degrees while he is in his delivery stride. The ICC set the 15-degree limit for all bowlers in November 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What constitutes elbow extension?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elbow extension includes flexion (in this case, the closing of the elbow joint) and extension (the straightening of the elbow joint).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does a bent arm automatically signify an illegal action?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the arm is bent at the onset of the delivery stride but remains rigid or does not flex or extend beyond the permissible 15 degrees during the duration of the stride, the action is not illegal. An action is only illegal if the arm flexes or extends beyond the permissible limit while in the delivery stride.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players IPL reported till date: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sunil Narine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevon Cooper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marlon Samuels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:23:48.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-04-07T15:41:04.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sightscreen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sightscreen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikitionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A large screen, at each end of a cricket field, coloured to provide visual contrast to the cricket ball, to aid the batsman in seeing its movement through the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_clothing_and_equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A screen placed at the boundary known as the sight screen. This is aligned exactly parallel to the width of the pitch and behind both pairs of wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other info :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;White in Test Matches - Red ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Black in ODI/T20 Matches - White ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:41:04.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9019" CreationDate="2015-04-07T15:56:48.927" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please don't penalize the boys that throw hard by having to do something goofy like standing on one leg or throwing with your off-hand.  This just furthers the terrible trend in our society that everyone should be the same and everyone should get trophies.  If someone is great make them suffer, if they are poor then it isn't fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead just make some common sense changes.  I run dodgeball at my basketball practices.  And god yes we play with basketballs.  I don't suggest this for you but will go on with our rules/strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;basketballs can't really be thrown that hard.  So first of all getting the right balls is probably the most important thing.  To me nerf soccer balls are probably the best of both worlds.  Only adults could grip these and wail them hard enough to be uncatchable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the boys know the girls aren't as good.  They see this.  But don't penalize the boys.  Incentivize the girls.  When the moms play with the boys in dodgeball they get double everything.  If they catch a ball they knock out the boy that threw it plus one boy of their choice.  Same if they make a hit.  This rule is only needed if there is a wide wide gap between the genders.  We do it at practices because the moms like to win (and they do - the boys are out in less than a minute).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the main suggestion I would have given that you get some good balls that can be thrown but not really hard and can be caught easily (like nerf soccerballs) is that you stress good strategy and make remarks about how to win.  A good dodgeball team is more focused on catching than throwing.  Have the boys protect the girls by catching the ball.  Make sure the girls are towards the back if they aren't attacking.  If you have &quot;soft&quot; balls tell players to use their heads - we always play that a head shot is the same as a catch (this is the funniest part of basketball dodgeball - watching 13 year old kids lay out like a soccer goalie trying to get pegged in the head).  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T15:56:48.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8622" CreationDate="2015-04-08T01:18:37.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some experimentation, some time with further exercises, and more experience, I can say that a reverse compass (&lt;em&gt;Muelleno&lt;/em&gt;) gives you the following options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may use your stance to strike a blow in sparring matches. Ideally, the compass you performed is part of the strike, with you stepping into it. This is seen by Arto Fama vs Matt Easton in their match &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/viCVrexfHNc?t=8m2s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Your final position will not be in one of Fiore's Positions/Stances. Your sword's point, however, goes into your opponent. You score a point, or your opponent is wounded. You may notice in that particular instance that the compass covers his body still.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Muelleno&lt;/em&gt; again to come into &lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Posta Breve&lt;/em&gt;. This works because you can quickly come into a different line. Properly performed compasses will keep you covered from most attacks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Going into &lt;em&gt;Posta Finestra&lt;/em&gt;. This is easily accomplished by stepping back one step.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Twist your arms around again to &lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Posta Breve&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lower your sword to get into &lt;em&gt;Posta Mezzo Ferro&lt;/em&gt;, Middle Iron Door.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted that your responses all depend on what your opponent chooses to do in response to your attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the german schooled swordsmen out there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Posta Longa&lt;/em&gt; is an extended &lt;em&gt;Pflug&lt;/em&gt;, or a position you get to after performing a vertical or near-vertical cut.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Posta Breve&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Pflug&lt;/em&gt; (Plough), differentiated by name only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Posta Mezzo Ferro&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thearma.org/pdf/Fight-Earnestly.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Aubler&lt;/a&gt;&quot; or Fool's Stance, once again differentiated by name only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a final note, &lt;em&gt;Muelleno&lt;/em&gt; (compasses) are not strictly historical techniques, they were very likely used. It seems most people start naturally doing them during the course of other exercises. The formal identification and teaching of them did not occur until later. (This note is from Guy Windsor's &lt;em&gt;Swordsman's Companion&lt;/em&gt;.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8919" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T01:18:37.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9090" CreationDate="2015-04-08T16:17:22.230" Score="10" ViewCount="3332" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say that the ball is right over the net, and one player of each team is trying to push it to the other side. What is the rule if they just happen to hold the ball between each others hands for a really long time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9025" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T09:36:03.417" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:50:57.613" Title="What happens if two players of opposite teams hold the ball over the net?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="809" CreationDate="2015-04-08T17:28:21.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that they want to do this so even if he is the last out,then the number 9 hitter will be able to get on base ,and then he will have the top of the lineup to hit him home. Usually your #9 guy will be really fast. The only disadvantage is that if it is an important at bat, you may have to pinch hit your pitchers earlier than you want to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9236" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T17:28:21.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-08T22:50:25.873" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does it count as a stumping only when the bails are removed with the batsman out of his crease only if he has missed hitting the delivery? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a run out or is a stumping if he edges it just short of the keeper/keeper drops the catch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it still a stumping if the batsman hits it to long on, the wicketkeeper runs to long on, picks it up and throws a direct hit at the batsman's crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T23:12:44.313" Title="Stumping from long on?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9073" CreationDate="2015-04-08T23:12:44.313" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;All this is well covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-39-stumped/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The striker is out Stumped [...] if,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) a ball which is not a No ball is delivered,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;and (ii) he is out of his ground [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;and (iii) he has not attempted a run,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;when (iv) his wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) The striker is out Stumped if all the conditions of (a) above are satisfied, even though a decision of Run out would be justified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore to answer your specific questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it a run out or is a stumping if he edges it just short of the keeper/keeper drops the catch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stumped (assuming no other fielder has touched the ball). Part (b) above makes it clear that stumped takes precedence over run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is it still a stumping if the batsman hits it to long on, the wicketkeeper runs to long on, picks it up and throws a direct hit at the batsman's crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the assumption that the batsmen were attempting a run while the wicketkeeper was running all over the ground, run out due to (a)(iii). In the extremely unlikely case that the striker just stood around outside his ground while the wicketkeeper went all the way to long on and all the other fielders ignored the ball, it could conceivably be stumped. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T23:12:44.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9089" CreationDate="2015-04-09T03:19:25.717" Score="-3" ViewCount="501" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw an article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://soccerlens.com/10-popular-club-jerseys-usa-20142015/165346/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Ten Most Popular Club Jerseys In US in 2014/15&lt;/a&gt;. I wonder if Barcelona is the the most popular club in USA? I would have thought it was Real Madrid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9234" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-04-15T17:51:05.893" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T17:51:05.893" Title="Is Barcelona the most popular club in USA?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-11-20T22:37:51.090" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9077" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-09T04:04:18.903" Score="5" ViewCount="1098" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adrian Gonzalez of the Los Angeles Dodgers has now hit 5 home runs in the first 3 games of the 2015 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a major league record for most home runs in the first 3 games of a season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, is there somewhere I can find records for most home runs in the first &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; games of a season, for various values of &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T16:18:08.627" Title="Most home runs in first n games of the season" Tags="|baseball|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9077" CreationDate="2015-04-09T06:05:57.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the first question, according to Fox Sports this is a record (since 1970).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; Listening to Mike and Mike (ESPN Radio) this morning they quoted Elias Sports Bureau in saying that this is the most home runs through three games in the &lt;em&gt;history&lt;/em&gt; of baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The previous record through three games was a tie between three players with four home runs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vernon Wells, 2010 with Toronto&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Shelton, 2006 with Detroit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Barry Bonds, 2002 with San Francisco&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/foxsportslive/status/586043023286349824&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fox Sports Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second part, I have not seen a publicly searchable database with that fine of granularity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-04-09T16:18:08.627" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T16:18:08.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8999" CreationDate="2015-04-09T09:28:53.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the major leagues that use a two-legged knock-out system, such as the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League, the winner is determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total number of goals scored in both legs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of away goals scored.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this still does not produce a winning, a 2x15 minutes overtime is played. Throughout history several rules have applied to it (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_goal#Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;golden goal, silver goal&lt;/a&gt;), however currently the rules are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overtime (2x15 minutes) has to be completed fully.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If no goals have been scored during overtime, the game will turn to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;penalty shootout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team that scored most goals in overtime wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If both teams scored the same number of goals in overtime, the second leg away team wins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T09:28:53.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9087" CreationDate="2015-04-09T10:15:45.903" Score="2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, some teams always send the ball to near post when they got a corner kick and they fail to score. I wonder why don't they try back post, or short corner kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9241" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-04-15T17:52:12.983" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T17:52:12.983" Title="What is the different tactics between sending the ball to near post and back post in football corner kick?" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9077" CreationDate="2015-04-09T13:54:12.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/los-angeles/mlb/story/_/id/12651692/adrian-gonzalez-los-angeles-dodgers-records-first-3-homer-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, the Elias Sports Bureau says Adrian Gonzalez set a new record by hitting 5 HRs in the first three games of the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Adrian Gonzalez set a major league record by clubbing five home runs in the Los Angeles Dodgers' first three games, according to the Elias Sports Bureau.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for finding the most home runs in the first &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; games of a season, I don't think there is anything.  I checked baseball-reference.com's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?type=b&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Batting Game Finder&lt;/a&gt;, and it doesn't appear to have that capability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2015-04-09T14:58:51.837" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T14:58:51.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9086" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:17:18.710" Score="6" ViewCount="1963" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it true that the 3 holes that comprise &quot;Amen Corner&quot; at the Masters golf tournament are so named because it's the most difficult stretch of the golf course and players have to pray to survive it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T13:19:19.903" Title="Why are those 3 holes at the Masters golf tournament called &quot;Amen Corner&quot;?" Tags="|history|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9083" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:34:04.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/09/sports/golf/golf-writer-who-coined-amen-corner-was-a-master-in-his-own-field.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crenshaw, a two-time Masters champion, will have his longtime caddie, Carl Jackson, on his bag and Herbert Warren Wind on his mind. Wind, who died in 2005, coined the term “Amen Corner” to describe the stretch at Augusta National Golf Club, beginning with the second shot on No. 11 and ending with the tee shot on No. 13, where many Masters have been won or lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The widely held belief is that Amen Corner has sacred roots. It made sense to the Australian Jason Day, who said, “You pray to get around it without running into disaster.” Day’s countryman Adam Scott, the 2013 champion, chipped in, “Otherwise it can be the Blasphemous Corner.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/od/majorchampionships/f/amen_origin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wind gave the monicker &amp;quot;Amen Corner&amp;quot; to holes 11, 12 and 13 because of the spectacular way in which Palmer played those holes on the final day of the 1958 tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a rainy evening the night before, the tournament adopted a local rule for the final round to cover embedded balls. A golfer whose ball embedded could, under the newly adopted rule, lift and drop it without penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And wouldn't you know it, that rule came up during the final round, and in relation to one of the leaders. On No. 12, Palmer's ball flew the green and embedded in the bank behind it. But the official on the hole was confused about the local rule, and told Palmer he had to play the ball as it lie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Palmer hacked the ball out of its embedded position and scored a double-bogey 5. Then, disputing the official's ruling, he dropped a second ball near the original embedded position and scored a 3 with the second ball. Venturi always claimed that Palmer failed to announce before playing the original ball his intention to drop a second ball. Palmer claimed (and claims) he did announce that intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T17:50:46.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9085" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:42:35.147" Score="6" ViewCount="409" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently been ruled out of football because of injury problems (though I am still fit and able to run, just need to avoid contact sports) but still want to get involved, which got me thinking - what does it take to qualify as a referee for competitive football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously I don't expect to be off refereeing in the champions league final at the end of the season, but it would great to get to referee in proper competition as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am in sweden so rules should be specific to sweden/swedish leagues, though I could also do training in the uk. Any advice on speeding up the process would also be good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T08:55:06.730" Title="How to become a football referee?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9083" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:47:53.813" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That may be how it is used colloquially today (as that three hole stretch is considered difficult).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Herbert Wind first used the phrase &quot;Amen Corner,&quot; from a title of a jazz album by Mezz Mezzrow called &quot;Shoutin' in that Amen Corner,&quot; in 1958&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/fateful-corner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and described its history in 1984&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/magazine/2008-10/herbertwind1984?currentPage=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 1958 Masters, a local rule had been put into effect for the final round due to rain the night before. This rule stated that a ball may be lifted and dropped without penalty if embedded in the fairway or rough. An official was not informed of this local rule, and as Arnold Palmer played the 12th hole, Palmer was instructed to play his embedded ball as it lied in the rough by this uninformed official. This led to scoring a double bogey (scoring a 5 on the par 3) on the hole. However, afterward, Palmer decided to use an alternate ball because of the local rule (and thought the official was incorrect in instructing him to play his ball as it lied). Using this alternate ball, Palmer scored a par (scoring a 3 on the par 3) on the hole. On 13, Palmer scored an eagle on the hole (scoring a 3 on the par 5). On 15, Palmer's score on 12 was officially declared a 3. Palmer went on to win the 1958 Masters by one shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wind had wanted to come up for an &quot;appropriate&quot; name for what had transpired on 12 and 13 in 1958, came up with &quot;Amen Corner,&quot; and it caught on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T13:19:19.903" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T13:19:19.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9080" CreationDate="2015-04-09T21:04:21.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Short Corner kick&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is most of the time the option chosen if they have no real player who can head the ball in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Corner kick to back post&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is the most trickiest of the options I would say. Giving a good ball to the furtest goal post can be difficult. It all has to be (fairly)good: speed, height, direction are very important. 5cm too high and it's a bad kick, too low, too close to the goalkeeper, too slow, bad kick. Good height and speed but wrong direction, bad kick. No matter how good a player's shooting, it's still tricky and offcourse highly dependable on how players run and are allowed to run by their defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Corner kick to nearest post&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives you a bit more options, you can pass the ball back, head it trough, take a shot/header at goal. Here a good kick is also important but if things go wrong there are some things to fall back on which are less possible with a kick to the furthest post. You also don't need the biggest players to manage a header there. A defender will most likely remain behind the player which gives him a better chance than heading for a kick going further in. A bad  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T21:04:21.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9085" CreationDate="2015-04-09T22:10:52.747" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have a read of &lt;a href=&quot;http://svenskfotboll.se/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://svenskfotboll.se/&lt;/a&gt; for starters, then send them an email. They should be able to advise of when their next introductory course will take place, and what's required to take part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with it, officiating is an amazing way to stay involved in a sport, and can be a source of immense satisfaction and enjoyment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T22:10:52.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9076" CreationDate="2015-04-09T23:42:35.273" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a couple comments about his (too much for a comment, though I'm not sure it's technically an answer either).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) As Philip Kendall asks, I'm curious as to why you think it &quot;should&quot; be Real Madrid. Both teams do have fans all over the world, but I can't think of any rational as to why the US should fall on Madrid's side. In fact, many people in the Americas would be more likely to fall on Barca's side. During the rule of Francisco Franco, Real Madrid was seen as emblematic of the repressive dictatorship and FC Barcelona was viewed as representing the Republican resistance, so many latino-american countries (Mexico, central american and south american) rooted for Barcelona. The US was not a big soccer country at the time, so probably didn't pick sides, but there are plenty of immigrants from those areas in the US - that may be driving some of the preference (if, in fact, Barcelona is the preferred team - see points 2 and 3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The article you link to is referencing one specific site, which sells jersey replicas. It's just one site, not a comprehensive reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) If you look at the whole list, there are 3 different Real Madrid jerseys on the list (Away Black Champion's League, Home, and Away Pink), so it's possible more Real Madrid jerseys are sold overall, even if the Barca home one is the most popular individual jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note (unrelated to the original question, but interesting), it's important to understand what a &quot;replica&quot; jersey is. Official jerseys come in two styles - authentic and replica. Authentic means that it is identical to shirts that players wear on the field when they play - lighter weight, more ventilation, tighter fit, few other details. Replica means it is more for day-to-day use - looser, not ventilated, etc. This is different from the question of &quot;real&quot; vs. &quot;fake&quot;. There can be real and fake versions of both. Fake (counterfeit) versions will have lower quality stitching and materials, may have design flaws (misaligned logos, misspellings, loose threads), and a host of other issues. Given that on the official nike site, the barca replica jerseys are $90 and on the site referenced, the barca replica jerseys are $17, I'm guessing the site referenced in the article is peddling counterfeit jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T23:42:35.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9069" CreationDate="2015-04-10T01:58:23.303" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you describe is called a &quot;joust&quot; (in American terminology), and it is legal.  From Team USA's &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamusa.org/~/media/USA_Volleyball/Documents/Resources/Guide%20to%20Volleyball%20Basics%202006.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Guide to Volleyball Basics&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Joust - when two players on opposing sides attempt to block the ball at the same time pushing it onto each other’s side of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently jousting used to be illegal, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volleyball.org/rules/99usav.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; says it was made legal in 1999:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.2.4 is a new Rule concerning the Joust, which is a ball held between opponents over the net. This will no longer be considered a double fault (caught ball). The new Rule is the same as played in Beach Volleyball. This eliminates a referee's decision in this play. Play will continue, and the side on which the ball falls after the contact over the net will have three additional contacts. As with any other ball simultaneously contacted by both sides over the net and if it goes out after the contact, it will be considered the fault of the team on the opposite side. If during the Joust a net fault occurs that infraction will be whistled and play stopped. If there is a simultaneous net fault, then a replay will be indicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;joust&quot; may not be used internationally, but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/documents/FIVB_Volleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB rules&lt;/a&gt; still say that extended contact with the ball over the net by two opponents is legal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.2.2 When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and&#xA;  the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to another&#xA;  three hits. If such a ball goes “out”, it is the fault of the team on the&#xA;  opposite side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.2.3 If simultaneous hits by two opponents over the net lead to an extended contact with the ball, play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T14:50:57.613" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:50:57.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9085" CreationDate="2015-04-10T07:04:27.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Contacting the Swedish FA, as suggested by TrueDub, seems the obvious step given that you are in Sweden. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the UK, it would be a similar procedure, get in contact with either the FA (England) or the scottish FA (Scotland), who both seem keen on recruiting new referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/my-football/referee/general-information&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Link to FA (England) website on how to get started refereeing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?page=2062&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Link to Scottish FA website on how to get started refereeing &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(note the opportune advertising deal in scotland by the way!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T07:04:27.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9054" CreationDate="2015-04-10T14:10:00.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/9091&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, a regular-season game the night before Opening Day has been televised on ESPN since 1994&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_Day#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. It is unclear if this makes Sunday Opening Day (as the first part of your question suggests) or Monday based on the statement &quot;Major League Baseball still reserves the title 'Opening Day' for the first day in which multiple games are played&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_Day#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Specifically, in how many calendar years was the earliest game played during that calendar year across both the National League and the American League, on Easter Sunday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, since 1994, the earliest &lt;em&gt;regular-season&lt;/em&gt; game has been played on Easter Sunday six times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2015&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/2013.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/2010.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/2002.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/1999.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/1994.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: Before 1994, dating back to 1914, the earliest regular-season game of each respective year was never played on a Sunday. It was usually played on a Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday, with anomalies in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/1915.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1915&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/1972.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1972&lt;/a&gt;, in which the earliest regular-season game of those years were played on a Saturday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:24:43.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9095" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T02:50:46.813" Score="6" ViewCount="5097" Body="&lt;p&gt;My daughter was timed swimming off the wall just recently.  She was able to get the fastest time of 1:11 for her 100 yard free about 6 times.  If she were to dive off the block, what would her time be approximately.  Someone told me to take about 3 seconds off of her off the wall time.  Is that true?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9248" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T19:35:12.940" Title="swimming from the wall vs. the block - what is the difference in time?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4552" CreationDate="2015-04-11T06:06:20.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that it might be useful to illustrate this also with examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_BMW_Open#Point_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 BMW Open&lt;/a&gt; it was possible to get 250 points for winning the tournament. Winning qualifying meant 12 points. (It is a part of the ATP World Tour 250 series.) Martin Kližan won both &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_BMW_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;qualifying and the whole competition&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He got for this tournament 262 points, as you can see in his ranking breakdown saved in &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20150411055929/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Martin-Klizan.aspx?t=rb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;internet archive&lt;/a&gt; and in the following screenshot &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Pxpnp.png&quot; alt=&quot;screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-07-22T16:13:57.047" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T16:13:57.047" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-04-11T06:06:20.237" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T06:14:13.233" Score="10" ViewCount="1502" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a match in NHL (both in regular season and in Stanley Cup) three players are named &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_stars_%28ice_hockey%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three stars&lt;/a&gt; of the game. See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1978/hockey-players-introduced-after-a-game/&quot;&gt;Hockey Players Introduced After a Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the record for number of occasions a player was named the first star during one season? Which player got this honor most times throughout his career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T21:57:04.513" Title="Which player was named the first star in most NHL matches?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|records|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9099" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T16:51:45.697" Score="6" ViewCount="1326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going so near the crease makes no-balls more likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disadvantages :&lt;/strong&gt; A penalty run is given away. Maybe more runs if the batsman can hit it. Maybe more runs in the next penalty ball. In 20-20 format, a free-hit also gives away more runs. Wickets (catch, stumping, etc) might be potentially taken, but the effort will be lost, only because of the no-ball. (( Case In Point : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/match/worldt20-2016/34&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/match/worldt20-2016/34&lt;/a&gt; , ICC World Twenty20 2016 Semi-Final 2 , March 31st 2016 , Wankhede Stadium , West Indies won by 7 wickets ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantages :&lt;/strong&gt; None that I can think of. One very unlikely possibility was that the bowler wants to maximise the speed for the batsman, or minimise the Distance for the ball to travel. But if this is a real advantage, then there should be no batsmen batting from outside the crease. More-over, batsmen would not be charging down towards the ball. Hence this advantage does not sound correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With all these Disadvantages, why do bowlers go so near the crease ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One Quote by Dhoni after the Match given above, where I have highlighted the point of this question :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;It was a bad toss to lose, as the dew started to come in for us. The spinner did not have much to offer with that and we have history about our spinners bowling with the dew. &lt;strong&gt;I am not happy with the no balls&lt;/strong&gt; but other than that the boys played very well. We wanted the fast bowlers to make some sort of a game, they bowled decently but the conditions were tough for them.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2016-04-01T13:56:24.460" LastActivityDate="2016-04-01T13:56:24.460" Title="Why do bowlers go so near the crease?" Tags="|cricket|technique|strategy|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9100" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T16:51:57.660" Score="10" ViewCount="17271" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does one player on a volleyball team have a different color jersey than the rest of the teammates? I notice that this player only plays on the back row and never plays in the front row, and that this player is often shorter than the players that play in the front row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9254" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T03:30:56.203" LastActivityDate="2022-11-25T23:38:39.340" Title="Why does one player on a volleyball team wear a different jersey?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4324" CreationDate="2015-04-11T17:51:05.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, it generates more money &amp;amp; more viewership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some points to highlight the end result:&#xA;If a match starts at 10 AM, then TV programs can start at 9:30 AM, covering the pitch-inspection, the coin-toss, etc. Here the walk-in ceremony will add program time and ADvertisement time on TV. By including some more extras, the TV show can start at 9 AM.&#xA;Selection of the children maybe by some contest (make money via SMS, or sales of promotional burgers or drinks etc). The selected children will publicise this with school mates and neighbours, who will be waiting to watch on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can even consider the walk-in as a mini opening ceremony. If the World Cup Opening Ceremony attracts eyeballs (+ AD money), then the children also attract a small amount of eyeballs (+ AD money).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though it is basically a financial choice, now-a-days it can be used for political purposes too, eg by selecting minorities or by supporting some school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2015-04-11T17:51:05.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9100" CreationDate="2015-04-11T18:56:31.430" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player with the different coloured jersey is the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#Libero&quot;&gt;libero&lt;/a&gt;&quot; - a specialised defensive player who is able to be freely substituted for any &lt;em&gt;back court&lt;/em&gt; player. They can never rotate to the front court (if that would happen, the player they've replaced must re-enter the court), engage in any kind of attack from above the height of the net (even a back row attack) nor serve. There's also a restriction that means that if the libero performs an overhand set from the front court, the ball cannot be attacked above the height of the net - this is to prevent the libero being used as a back row setter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As they can never perform an attack nor block, the libero doesn't have to be as tall as other players - although everything here is relative: the two liberos for the 2014 world champions, Poland, were 184 cm and 188 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-04-12T22:33:49.107" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T22:33:49.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T22:14:05.770" Score="4" ViewCount="2182" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do cricket bowlers deliver the ball at generally same speed as baseball pitchers inspite of a run up?  How much do the following factors play in: different balls (is the baseball more aerodynamic because of stitches?), different throwing height (baseball players throw from a elevated mound), different distance to where they measure ball speed from, (is wicket further than plate?)  Which other factors play in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9257" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T07:38:49.363" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T07:38:49.363" Title="Cricket bowling versus baseball pitching speed?" Tags="|cricket|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9103" CreationDate="2015-04-12T09:23:16.797" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The essential difference is that bowlers must by law keep their elbows straight. This means that a run-up is used to generate pace, rather than the stepping motion pitchers use, and pitchers can use their upper-body muscles to generate further pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a bio-mechanic expert, so can't explain the actual processes involved, sorry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T09:23:16.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9099" CreationDate="2015-04-12T09:28:05.643" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming you mean the popping crease, which is the horizontal line at the bowler's end closest to the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fast bowlers in general try to get as close to a no-ball as possible without actually conceding one, and umpires generally have to be very vigilant on this. The bowler is trying to wring every last kph out of the delivery, and so trying to get as close as possible to the batsman before delivering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slower bowlers in general don't rely on pure pace, and so are happy to simply place their foot on or behind that crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T09:28:05.643" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-12T14:12:21.210" Score="11" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to be running in the London Marathon in two weeks. Initially my target time was to run sub 4 hours. Its my first marathon and my training had been going quite well until the last two weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been doing a long run every Sunday. The longest I've done is 29 KM (18 miles) and my time was 2 hrs and 34 mins with an average pace of 5:19 per km (8:34 per mile). I also did a half marathon two weeks ago and my time was 1 hr and 45 mins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both my half marathon and 29k times indicate that I should be able run a sub 4 hour marathon (if not quicker according to some calculators).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My biggest run was meant to be last Sunday, 35k (22 miles). As I set off, I did feel like it was a litte bit tougher than normal but just thought it would be a rough patch so tried not to pay too much attention to it. At the 21k mark, I started struggling. It was like nothing I've ever experienced before on a long run, I couldn't run anywhere near my target pace, my effort levels felt quite high yet my km splits were &gt;6 mins/km. At 25.6 km I gave up and ended my run. I realised afterwards, that I must've hit the notorious 'wall'. I didn't have a very good pre run breakfast. I had three High5 ISO Gels throughout the run (aim was to have one every 10k).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the disastrous run last Sunday, I decided to attempt a 35k again today. This time I had a substantial breakfast around three hours before my run; 4 weetabixes and half a banana around an hour before I set out. Also sipped on water in the hours leading upto it. I knew I was well hydrated based on pee colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I set off with the aim of going at an easier pace than my previous long runs. Kept the effort level relatively low and I felt quite good after an opening rough 5k. Had gels every 10km and overall I felt a lot better at the 21K stage than last week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I started experiencing the same problems as last week at the 25k mark. I could feel the pace slipping away and it became physically and mentally very tough just to keep running regardless of the pace. I gave up at the 27k mark :(&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The weather has picked up in London in the past week or so. These are the first long runs I'm doing in the sun and slightly warmer weather, they seem to have a massive impact on my performance. My half marathon PB and 29k were ran on cold, cloudy days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After every long run, I evaluate my target marathon time based on how the long run felt and the pace I did it at. My initial target time was sub 4:30, this was based on before I did any training. Over the weeks its been mostly at sub 4, but after my half marathon I was entertaining sub 3:45. My last two runs have put to bed any of those target times and I think I'm back to my initial target time of sub 4:30.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my situation, my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How can I deal with the effects of hot weather and minimise any impact on my performance during the marathon?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What fueling strategies would folks recommend? I'm toying with the idea of using Zipvit gels too as they have 51 grams of carbs per sachet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1658" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-05T04:00:01.080" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T04:00:01.080" Title="Fueling strategy while running a marathon in warm weather" Tags="|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-08-18T16:29:06.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9110" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-13T05:47:17.117" Score="2" ViewCount="749" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a car race, if 3 cars started the race and are approaching the first corner (Left corner) and almost the 3 cars are arriving the corner equal in distance and almost equal speed, is there any rule about who should keep the cornerning line?&#xA;The black car ended hitting the red. &#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qKq8B.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9262" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:08:12.290" Title="who should keep the cornering line" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1773" CreationDate="2015-04-13T08:40:45.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For rain-related decisions of postponing a match, I refer to Ticky's answer, which I consider pretty accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to add that in the case of thick fog, the rule is that a match can be played (preferably with an orange ball) whenever the referee is able to see both goals from the center spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Netherlands, referees are advised to suspend a football match in the case of a storm, whenever the time between lightning and thunder is less then 10 seconds. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://scheidsrechters.voetbal.nl/article/12166/hoe-handel-je-op-de-juiste-manier-bij-onweer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source (in Dutch)&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T08:40:45.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9110" CreationDate="2015-04-13T10:23:40.200" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without question, if you are at least half-way alongside a car, the car on the inside has &quot;the right&quot; to claim the entry to the corner. In the example you gave, it sounds like the black car actively turned into the red car. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, let's take the corner out of the equation for a moment; if one car &lt;em&gt;actively&lt;/em&gt; turns into another car on a straight, then the car that turned would be deemed as the one that caused the accident and is therefore at fault. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same principle applies mid corner - actively turning into another car causes an accident and is therefore bad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, if red had failed to turn in (e.g. missing a braking point) this may have prevented black from turning in but black could still avoid that accident (showing down and/or tucking in behind red). I think the relevant point is that by turning in on red, black causes an accident that red could not avoid and should therefore be held accountable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It becomes slightly more complicated on the exit of the corner. After the apex, cars will naturally drift to the outside of the turn therefore reducing available space. If two cars are literally neck-and-neck, there is a mutual responsibility to respect &quot;racing room&quot;. MSA Blue Book regulation Q14.4.1 states that drivers  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...should leave at least one cars width between his own car and the edge of the track...(deliberately) crowding a car beyond the edge of the track (is) strictly prohibited&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently yellow would be expected to give enough room for red to exit alongside, and red to give enough room for black to exit alongside (again, assuming they were ALL exactly level throughout the corner). However, if either car is &lt;em&gt;less than halfway alongside&lt;/em&gt; then whether they are on the inside or the outside, the onus is the car behind to avoid the accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, since we don't know where the collision occurred and the relative position of each car immediately prior and &lt;em&gt;at&lt;/em&gt; the point of collision, one cannot say with certainty who was at fault, though it looks a lot like black turned in on red from the lines you've shown. To answer your specific question, notwithstanding the missing information, it is highly likely that the &quot;right&quot; to the corner falls to yellow, then red then black.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite embellishing my initial response and expanding on the difference between corner entry and exit, this answer could still be improved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="737" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T17:08:12.290" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:08:12.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9113" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9114" CreationDate="2015-04-13T10:59:06.440" Score="3" ViewCount="668" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/apr/09/england-women-u19-replay-norway-referee-penalty-howler&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;U19 Women's match&lt;/a&gt; between England and Norway, the referee made a mistake in not allowing a penalty in added-time to be retaken after a player encroached. This is a clear misapplication of the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of replaying the entire match with a new referee, or accepting the result, the solution was to &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.sky.com/story/1461916/england-u19-women-qualify-after-18-second-replay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;replay the final 18 seconds of the match&lt;/a&gt; at a later date with the original players and a new referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How was this decided, and when else could it happen? Was it special that it was a misunderstanding of the rules rather than a simple refereeing mistake, like not seeing the ball crossed the line?  Would it be possible to replay a more significant part of the match (e.g the last 20 minutes)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T11:34:46.977" Title="When can part of a match be replayed?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9113" CreationDate="2015-04-13T11:34:46.977" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How was this decided, and when else could it happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As noted in the Guardian article you've linked to, UEFA's &quot;control, ethics and disciplinary body&quot; decided that the last 18 seconds must be replayed. As noted in the same article, FIFA ordered that an entire match be replayed in 2005 after a referee made exactly the same error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Was it special that it was a misunderstanding of the rules rather than a simple refereeing mistake, like not seeing the ball crossed the line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. A referee making a mistake on a judgement call is (as far as I know) irreversible. The difference here is that the referee didn't know the laws of the game fully and made a decision, when she had time to spare and think about the decision, that directly contradicted the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would it be possible to replay a more significant part of the match (e.g the last 20 minutes)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a question for the regulations of any particular tournament / organising body - but in general, the competition committee or equivalent has &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; wide-ranging powers to ensure that the game is played fairly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T11:34:46.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9110" CreationDate="2015-04-13T12:02:22.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer is specific to Formula 1 but I suspect it's the same for other formulae.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the example given, none of the 3 cars can keep the racing line as it would likely lead to an accident.  In Formula 1 you are penalised for &quot;causing an avoidable accident&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All 3 cars are alongside each other heading into the first turn, they should all therefore ensure they allow each other &quot;racing room&quot;.  The fact that one car is currently on the racing line is not so relevant as the race has just started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking the car on the racing line has &quot;right of way&quot; and can take the racing line but if another car is alongside the driver on the racing line cannot reasonably assume the other driver will make way, he cannot simply disappear into thin air so both drivers would need to give racing room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exit of the corner is a little different as the driver on the racing line can stick to this and the driver on the outside of him would have to give way, plenty of examples of this in F1, watch Hamilton vs Rosberg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll need to search &quot;Hamilton vs Rosberg Bahrain 2014&quot; on Youtube or similar as the FIA remove the videos quite often due to copyright issues/Bernie not having enough money. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary the car that is ahead can claim the racing line but if alongside each other they need to give &quot;racing room&quot; to their competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not easy to determine what constitutes being &quot;alongside&quot; the other car though which is why there are stewards to judge incidents and penalise drivers accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T12:02:22.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4517" CreationDate="2015-04-13T13:42:06.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Field hockey used to have an offside rule as well. It was very similar to the offside rule in football. However, field hockey removed the offside rule in the mid-1990s. The rule changed over time and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_%28field_hockey%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; is a good starting point for a historical overview and further reading on this topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T13:42:06.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2015-04-13T13:50:15.250" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some sports where tall people better fit, for example basketball. Actually it's only basketball I can think of. As a soccer player my whole life, I can say that short attacking players are better than tall players. I can give you a simple example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Diego Maradona&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Romario&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wesley Sneijder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Xavi Herández&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andrés Iniesta&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Edgar Davids&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alexis Sanchez&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Zola&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Philipp Lahm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These world class players are all less than 170 cm. Another thing, Diego Maradona and Lionel Messi are the best soccer players ever! Although there are sports where you need to be tall, it all depends on your talent and your hard work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9263" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T01:30:47.687" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T01:30:47.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2015-04-13T14:58:06.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides all sports that have been mentioned already, I would like to add &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;shorttrack&lt;/a&gt; to that list. Being short and having little weight gives the rider an advantage to be more agile while fighting for the best positions and taking over other riders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this does not mean that taller riders cannot compete with the best, since they might bring more power. &lt;a href=&quot;http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorien_ter_Mors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ter Mors&lt;/a&gt;, for example, is often by far the tallest rider on the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T14:58:06.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4775" CreationDate="2015-04-13T16:17:28.330" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/W3KH3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;from Grantland.com&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The great Kirk Goldsberry included this graphic in his (in)famous article on the &quot;Kobe Assist.&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/W3KH3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; It looks like 2-point field goals are more likely to be rebounded by the offensive team than are 3-point field goals, but this depends on team and precise location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9264" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T16:17:28.330" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9120" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-14T00:23:32.817" Score="5" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought the roster for the 1959 WHITE SOX  World Series had  25 players.  I can find stats on the 21  that played and   I  have found  3 that did not get into a game (Battey, Latman,  Arias) .  Was there  a 25th  player????&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9265" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T09:25:57.677" Title="1959 White Sox World Series roster" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9121" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-14T01:17:07.273" Score="3" ViewCount="2687" Body="&lt;p&gt;scenerio: runners on second and third, two outs.  Ball hit to shortstop who immediately tags out the runner going from second to third.  This happens before runner gets to first and before runner from third scores. Would the run count since the last out was not a force but a tag out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9266" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T05:55:13.863" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T17:51:14.297" Title="Does a run count if it's made after an unforced out?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-07-06T13:33:30.520" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9121" CreationDate="2015-04-14T02:25:46.930" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runs only count if they are plated &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; a tagged 3rd out (and never count on a forced 3rd out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rules section 4.09 (a)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning. EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the run is not scored because it does not reach the plate before the third out is recorded (as per the first sentence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T17:51:14.297" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T17:51:14.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3631" CreationDate="2015-04-15T00:33:19.027" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe there is no perfect strategy. Every coach is different and will implement their own gameplan for their strengths and weaknesses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, overall talent is king butttt you do need a ball handler of some sort or you could be in for a long season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defense can be taught easily.  Well at least for me. ha &#xA;But ball handling takes time (as well as confidence) to develop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A key strategy to not &lt;strong&gt;KEEP IN MIND&lt;/strong&gt; is not so much in your first couple picks as it is in your last couple that will change your season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you end up coasting in your draft and picking 2 or three of the bottom 10 players it can negate your early round picks almost completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me explain...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have horrible talent, the last thing you want is them with the ball in their hand in key situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That equals turnovers for days. Which brings the entire team morale down severely and team morale is huge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can easily double team a stud player and drive him crazy all game. Easy pickens...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always have my &lt;em&gt;do not&lt;/em&gt; picks and my lower steals that give me an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9271" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T00:33:19.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9130" CreationDate="2015-04-15T13:57:17.297" Score="5" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering, whether there is some summer variant of biathlon - without cross-country skies. It might be fun to try racing on inline skates with shooting sessions. Is there already anything like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3565" LastActivityDate="2015-04-16T07:21:43.410" Title="Biathlon with inline skates" Tags="|shooting|biathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9128" CreationDate="2015-04-15T15:10:12.967" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there sure is. It is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www5.biathlonworld.com/en/press_releases.html?presse_kategorie=23&quot;&gt;summer Biathlon&lt;/a&gt; on the website of the International Biathlon Union. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Biathlon_World_Championships&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, there have even been organized World Championships in this discipline. As you expected, athletes make use of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_skiing&quot;&gt;Roller skiing&lt;/a&gt; instead of traditional cross-country skies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T15:10:12.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9128" CreationDate="2015-04-15T21:10:12.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in Germany you can take part in a summer version organized by the DSB (German Shooting Federation) that consists of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dsb.de/sport/disziplinen/sommerbiathlon/&quot;&gt;running (in shoes) and shooting&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this is the main variant, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dsb.de/sport/disziplinen/sommerbiathlon/regelwerk/&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Summer Biathlon is an international competetive sport, combining two&#xA;  different sports. Competitions of the DSB (German Shooting Federation)&#xA;  mainly combine Cross country running with shooting with small-calibre rifle or air&#xA;  rifle. Other combinations are possible for competitions, but are not&#xA;  carried out as &quot;German Championships&quot;. These could, in addition to&#xA;  cross-country and shooting, consist of rollerski and shooting (Roller&#xA;  Biathlon), &lt;strong&gt;Inline/Cross-skater (Skike) and shooting&lt;/strong&gt;, mountain&#xA;  biking and shooting, whereby in addition to shooting with&#xA;  small-calibre rifle and air rifle, also laser rifles can be used,&#xA;  particularly in urban or introductory events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my translation, and my bold)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume these biathlons with skates are mostly locally organized, and the local shooting club (Schützenverein) would have details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One link I found was of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.activcamp-beer.de/inlineskate-biathlon-staffel/&quot;&gt;team relay event in Saxony&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-04-16T07:21:43.410" LastActivityDate="2015-04-16T07:21:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9133" CreationDate="2015-04-16T14:01:31.033" Score="4" ViewCount="7769" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2014-2015 NBA season, each team in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/standings/team_record_comparison/conferenceNew_Std_Div.html?ls=iref:nba:gnav&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Southwest Division&lt;/a&gt; (Houston, Memphis, San Antonio, Dallas, New Orleans) of the Western Conference made the playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has this happened before? If so, in which seasons has all teams in a division made the playoffs?&lt;/strong&gt; I recognize there was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/realign_031117.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;realignment&lt;/a&gt; that took place for the 2004-2005 NBA season, but during the 2003-2004 NBA season, &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; all teams in the Midwest division (6 of 7 teams) of the Western Conference made the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-16T14:07:22.410" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T04:12:55.877" Title="Seasons in which all teams in a division made the playoffs" Tags="|trivia|history|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9132" CreationDate="2015-04-16T20:53:42.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yup. The 2005-2006 Season, the 1985-1986 season, and the 1983-1984 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2006:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All five teams in the Central Division made the playoffs, marking the first time all teams in a division made the playoffs since the entire Midwest Division made it 20 years before. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005-06_NBA_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1986:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All Midwest Division teams make the playoffs, the first time an entire division had done this since the 1983-84 season when all Atlantic Division teams made the playoffs. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386_NBA_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1983, playoff expansion resulted in the entire Atlantic division making it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NBA Playoffs were expanded from 6 teams per conference to 8, where it stands to this date. As a result, the 'first round bye' system was eliminated. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_NBA_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3516" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-04-17T04:12:55.877" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T04:12:55.877" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4042" CreationDate="2015-04-17T08:40:54.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the face and path match up to the target at impact (zero path and zero face) and the ball is struck towards the toe of the club, the ball will start to the right (for right handed player) and curve back to the left. This is know as gear effect. Its more exaggerated in a driver due to the center of gravity of a driver being further back in the head than an iron. How far the ball starts right and curves depends how far towards the toe the ball is struck&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9280" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T08:40:54.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9135" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-17T09:09:22.117" Score="3" ViewCount="470" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/video/v73287783/miaatl-capps-hopstep-delivery-analyzed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is a video of Miami reliever Carter Capps pitching.&lt;/a&gt; As you can see, he basically jumps off the rubber, and delivers from the front of the mound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/118060152/marlins-reliever-carter-capps-clears-up-confusion-on-illegal-pitches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Apparently&lt;/a&gt;, MLB gave their approval to Capps's pitching style -- but with a caveat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;They just said they wanted me to make sure I dragged my foot and not get too elevated in the air, and make sure it's more on a lateral plane,&quot; Capps said. &quot;As long as I do that, they have no problem with it. But it was very strange.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as a &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2430372-marlins-pitcher-carter-capps-has-a-bizarre-leaping-pitch-delivery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bleacher Report article&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not to be a foot in Capps’ punch bowl, but his pitching on Monday didn’t exactly feature extensive toe-dragging. There didn't appear to be any toe-dragging, actually. And by launching down the mound, he does chop off a not-immeasurable distance between him and the plate. In a game where batters have fractions of a second to react to the ball, this difference can be significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Was Capps's pitching in the MIA@ATL game legal?&lt;/strong&gt; If not, why didn't the umpires disqualify him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6240" LastActivityDate="2016-02-17T08:47:50.847" Title="Is Carter Capps's pitching style legal?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5145" CreationDate="2015-04-17T16:57:24.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Official statement,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why now? Athletes now have more responsibilities and we want to help their professional development,&amp;quot; deputy commissioner Libba Galloway told The&#xA;Associated Press. &amp;quot;There are more fans, more media and more sponsors. We&#xA;want to help our athletes as best we can succeed off the golf course as well&#xA;as on it.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;via &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/golf/news/story?id=3553888&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another official statement :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LPGA Deputy Commissioner Libba Galloway, a graduate of Duke Law and a&#xA;practicing attorney before joining the LPGA, disagrees: &amp;quot;We are not&#xA;discouraging players from speaking other languages. They can talk to their&#xA;caddie in whatever language they choose. They can speak to other players on&#xA;the driving range in whatever language they choose. If they're Brazilian and&#xA;a reporter asks them a question in Portuguese, by all means, answer it in&#xA;Portuguese. And we're not demanding that the players be perfectly fluent in&#xA;English. What we're saying is that the ability to speak to your pro-am&#xA;partners and to the media, and for the winner to give their victory speech&#xA;in English, will be one of our tournament regulations.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;via &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/legal-questions-surround-lpgas-new-rule-requiring-players-speak-english&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golf.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, the rule has since being revoked, which was mentioned in the comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-20T05:45:20.400" LastActivityDate="2020-12-20T05:45:20.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2935" CreationDate="2015-04-17T20:27:45.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to what Casey mentioned, I think that jumping slightly in front of you helps. I find the board doesn't always land where you started - it's normally in front of you by about a half foot.&#xA;You'll notice that those who land it often jump forward in anticipation.. at least a little bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9281" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T20:27:45.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8584" CreationDate="2015-04-18T03:20:24.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_%28sport%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Ultimate frisbee&quot;&gt;Ultimate frisbee&lt;/a&gt; supports co-ed play up to the highest levels of sport. Even at the WFDF World Championships, there is a separate mixed division where co-ed play occurs. While ultimate is technically a non-contact sport, incidental contact occurs all the time (and is mostly not penalized). Each team does have to field the same number of women, though, so this is not a perfect example of gender equality in sports. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9283" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T03:20:24.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7028" CreationDate="2015-04-18T06:06:10.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;While holding a high defensive line can be an effective tactic, it can also be exploited.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A high defensive line leaves a lot of open space behind the defense for an attacking team to exploit. In order to take advantage of this space, the attacking team might use any number of tactics to bypass the defense without being ruled offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perhaps the most obvious method is for a fast attacking player to&#xA;dribble past the defense and out-run them, potentially creating a&#xA;one-on-one opportunity against the goalkeeper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another method is for one player to pass/kick the ball beyond the&#xA;defense, and for another player to run in behind the defense&#xA;immediately after the ball is kicked.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A third method is to take advantage of the fact that the offside rule&#xA;doesn't apply when the ball is received directly from a throw-in or&#xA;goal kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;NOTE:&lt;/strong&gt; These methods can be optimized by finding open channels of space between defenders, giving the attacking player an advantage due to the angle, starting position and timing of their run.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These and other tactics can force defenders out of position, opening up new options for the attacking team. As a side-effect, defenders could become fatigued from covering a larger area of the field. If individual defenders don't respond as quickly as others, the defensive line could be compromised, exposing more space behind the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the attacking team gets behind the defense, they can legally pass the ball horizontally or backward. As they approach the goal, any remaining defenders or the goalkeeper will have to choose a defensive position, potentially leaving other attacking players open to receive a pass and/or creating a goal-scoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In summary&lt;/strong&gt;, a high defensive line can leave a team vulnerable. While it might be effective under certain circumstances, it is certainly not a tactical silver bullet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9282" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T06:06:10.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4822" CreationDate="2015-04-18T07:12:10.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was unable to find a definitive answer about the specific materials used for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, but here are some of the regulations I could find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the official &quot;Regulations of the 2014 FIFA World Cup&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h2&gt;33 Stadiums, fields of play, clocks, displays&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The Organising Association shall ensure that the stadiums and facilities in&#xA;  which the matches of the final competition take place fulfil FIFA&#xA;  requirements and comply with the FIFA Safety Regulations and other FIFA&#xA;  guidelines and instructions for international matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game 2014/2015&lt;/a&gt; (PDF):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other&#xA;   approved material.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And lastly, here are some technical details about the goalposts used in the World Cup from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/37/17/76/stadiumbook2010_buch.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football Stadiums: Technical recommendations and requirements - 5th Edition&lt;/a&gt; (PDF): &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9jk5L.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9282" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T07:12:10.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9143" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11872" CreationDate="2015-04-18T08:55:25.560" Score="1" ViewCount="784" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Hu Yun&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lately Hu Yun has gotten my attention with his performance in the below mentioned tournaments. He plays with a white Yonex racket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know the type of racket he plays with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;References&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfcontent.tournamentsoftware.com/profile/overview.aspx?id=37B8D414-634F-4C3F-93AC-91C7399EF113&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BWF Profile Hu Yun (BWF)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/HoN92YzUubI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;OUE Singapore Open 2015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/DYkqISePM04&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yonex Japan Open 2014&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="1455" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T07:40:18.293" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T07:26:34.600" Title="Racket of Hu Yun" Tags="|equipment|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9144" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-18T15:12:46.820" Score="7" ViewCount="9137" Body="&lt;p&gt;year ago there was a similar thread &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4955/how-to-find-distance-covered-for-players-during-the-world-cup&quot;&gt;How to find &amp;quot;distance covered&amp;quot; for players during the World Cup?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder whether there are similiar stats for Champions league matches (actually for whichever competition). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need to find the data for my regression model project, but I was able to find just data from 2010 &amp;amp; 2014 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9285" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T03:33:54.567" Title="Where to find &quot;distance covered&quot; by player in a Champions League match?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9145" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-18T15:59:01.593" Score="1" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can comfortably run about 13-14 miles on a trail without any problems whatsoever. However, yesterday I ran on a paved surface, and after about 1 mile, I started feeling a lot of pain in my shins. I didn't want to exacerbate the problem, so I stopped at 2 miles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why am I experiencing such a big difference when running on pavement? About two months ago, I could run 5-6 on pavement without issue, but now it's just pain, pain, pain.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9150" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T15:59:01.593" Title="Shin pain while running on pavement only?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-04-19T23:32:00.437" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-04-19T10:26:03.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though some answers+comments say that this is optional, there is no source given. So I think this question makes sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a possible reason for specifying batting order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman is out, and the next batsman has not yet come in within fixed some time, then he is given out. Which batsman is out depends on batting order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T02:59:35.873" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T02:59:35.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9144" CreationDate="2015-04-19T15:41:53.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official source for Champions League matches is here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/statistics/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Uefa Statistics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can change the Season number in the url to get previous years, or click on &quot;History&quot; in the upper right and select the appropriate season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a little difficult to navigate, but you can get individual player distances for each match run. Here are the steps to find it (at least for the current season - I tried the same steps on other seasons and it seems they're different, which is annoying, but hopefully this might help you when searching for those other ones):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) From the above page, click on the phase (Qualifying, Tournament) that you want, then click on &quot;Matches&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Click on an individual match that you're interested in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Click on &quot;MatchCentre&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Go partway down the right side, click on &quot;Players&quot;, then click on the name of a player (on the right side) that you're interested in. The players stats will come up, which includes the distance covered (at the bottom).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, this will probably not help you that much, since it involves going to each individual player and entering them individually, which is unlikely to be practical, but hopefully it will help you find a better source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possible source is here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/statistics/round=2000548/players/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Uefa - season 2015 - statistics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that shows summary statistics. It does have &quot;distance covered&quot; located up front, but it's summed over all games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="9520" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T03:33:54.567" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T03:33:54.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9148" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9150" CreationDate="2015-04-19T16:37:53.667" Score="3" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;At my school, I participate in an annual 1.6km &quot;Fall Classic&quot; run. In my first year, I landed a rough 42nd with 5m 48s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in my second year, I jumped up to a 25th (5m 16s), despite my sedentary lifestyle. (I spend about 4 hours daily on my computer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can such a dramatic change occur with little training?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T14:54:28.543" Title="Unexpected increase in running ability" Tags="|running|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9149" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-19T17:51:46.423" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most teams will use their best starter for Opening Day, the second best on the second day, etc. through the rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except when other factors intervene; for instance, the White Sox ace Chris Sale pitched the Sox' fourth game, because injuries meant that he wasn't ready for Opening Day. And the Pirates' Francisco Liriano, who pitched Opening Day, took paternity leave and pitched the fourth game of the following series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that while aces are better than &quot;backenders&quot;on the same team, they don't necessarily have better records, because they pitch against other aces, while backenders pitch against other backenders. Does this hold through a season, or do &quot;rotational&quot; factors allow aces to sometimes pitch against backenders? And do aces' win-loss records in fact, improve, when they are pitted against backenders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T12:51:30.137" Title="Can a (baseball) ace's record be improved by his &quot;pitching out of sequence.&quot;" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9148" CreationDate="2015-04-19T18:01:37.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an adolescent, your body is growing and developing into an adult, becoming stronger and faster. Just about every 13 year old is able to run faster than he could when he was 12. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each person, though, this experience is different. Some people's bodies mature earlier than others. So compared to your peers, it could be that, if you have an early growth spurt, you are faster than your friends now, where last year you were slower. Next year, they may catch up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exercise will not change the timing of your maturity, but it will definitely help you build muscle, speed, and endurance. If you are serious about running, you can't count on being faster every year without training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2015-04-19T18:01:37.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9152" CreationDate="2015-04-19T21:00:09.283" Score="12" ViewCount="4643" Body="&lt;p&gt;On soccer it is common to see winning teams wasting time. Goalies have their own techniques to run out the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A situation that intrigues me is when a goalkeeper is allowed to get the ball but chooses not to. He places both hands near the ball without touching it. He waits for an opponent to get close enough and then he proceeds to pick up the ball. Thus wasting 5 seconds of everyone's life ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, every time that a situation like this happens, an opponent runs towards the ball to force the goalkeeper to pick it up. If instead of running towards the ball all the opponents let the keeper run out the clock, how long can a goalie wait before picking up the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;EDIT&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will accept the answer &lt;code&gt;indefinitely&lt;/code&gt;, because according to the rules that is the answer to my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I was also interested on the practical effect of such ruling. Are there any real examples of players ever letting the goalie waste as much time as he wanted to? I cannot believe that everyone would just look at each other for 5 min...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9288" LastEditorUserId="9288" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T16:52:11.937" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T16:52:11.937" Title="How long can a goalkeeper wait for opponent to come get the ball?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-04-20T00:22:28.697" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, indefinitely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant offence is on page 37 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/index.html&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his&#xA;  own penalty area, commits any of the following four offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;controls the ball with his hands&lt;/strong&gt; for more than six seconds before releasing it from his possession&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, the powers that be at FIFA seem to agree that it's something that ruins the pace and excitement of the game. In futsal, FIFA's indoor game, which is designed to be as attacking and fast-paced as possible (and requires minimal effort to change the laws), it is illegal to do this with hands or feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 40 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/futsal/lawsofthegame.html&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Futsal Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper commits any of the following four offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controls the ball with his hands or feet&lt;/strong&gt; in his own half of the pitch for more than four seconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T00:22:28.697" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9159" CreationDate="2015-04-20T01:59:41.297" Score="5" ViewCount="8452" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tackle_%28football_move%29#Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;tackling&lt;/a&gt;, tackling with both legs is illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7Rnt5C2qaQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this tackle&lt;/a&gt; by Sol Campbell is clearly made with both legs, and it didn't appear to be called nor appealed for by any of the players, nor discussed by any of the commentators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is tackling with both legs in itself illegal, or does the tackle need to be careless, reckless, or excessively forceful before it is deemed to be a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T19:49:49.957" Title="Is tackling with both legs illegal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9186" CreationDate="2015-04-20T05:05:45.650" Score="12" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is specific to league play in Europe (England, France, Germany, Spain). Why do coaches reveal to the media in a pre-match conference which of their players are injured and unlikely to play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've known some coaches to do a fake-out (say a player is injured but then play him). But why say anything at all? Are there any rules requiring teams to disclose injury information days before the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="790" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T04:44:00.860" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T04:44:00.860" Title="Why do teams reveal injuries?" Tags="|football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9153" CreationDate="2015-04-20T07:08:04.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tackle you provide is not a two-legged tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He tackles with his right foot/leg and his left leg just &quot;is there&quot;.&#xA;When you tackle you can't leave one leg behind can you? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just a clean tackle and good executed. Clearly goes for the ball, plays the ball and does not harm the attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, two-legged tackles are illegal, but their will be always to legs present. Reason for a two-legged being illegal (&lt;em&gt;besides being potentially harmfull for the opponent&lt;/em&gt;) is because it's difficult to go clean for the ball that way. The way Campbell tackles he has full, or as much as can while tackling, control over the ball. When you tackle with two legs it's a frontal attack on the ball rather and there's little control over what you can do with the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'm at work now, but I'll add in some two-legged tackles to show the difference.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk0Zp0XCxjI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Marcelo's scissor tackle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, you see the second leg joining rather actively&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for some better examples, but hard to find apparantley&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T20:00:58.373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T20:00:58.373" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9153" CreationDate="2015-04-20T22:41:12.883" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA Rules of the game don't actively say anything about two-legged tackles. Tackles, in fact, are only mentioned twice in the rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First mention (Page 36, Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following seven offences in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;jumps at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;charges at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strikes or attempts to strike an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pushes an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tackles an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second mention (Page 126, Interpretation of the Laws of the Game, Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tackle that endangers the safety of an opponent must be sanctioned as serious foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Serious foul play is a sending-off (i.e. red card) offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the wikipedia article says (at least now, Fillet's seems to say it was recently updated), a two-footed tackle is only penalized if it is careless, reckless or made with excessive force - the same language in the first rulebook citation above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a two-footed tackle itself is not illegal. It's only illegal if it is careless, reckless or made with excessive force. The reason why two-footed tackles are often punished is because they are more likely to be careless/reckless. The big danger is that you catch the other player's feet/ankles between your legs, which can easily lead to a sprain, twisted ankle, or (less easily, but most dangerous) broken ankle. For this reason, many players will tuck back one of their legs when attempting a slide tackle - both for a cleaner tackle and for the safety of the other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA's Laws of the Game is linked below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One note is that amateur leagues will play by &lt;em&gt;mostly&lt;/em&gt; FIFA rules, but with some significant modifications. In some, slide tackles are not allowed at all. In others, two-legged tackles may be illegal. As pointed out in the comments, these are likely not true association football, as these are not standard rule modifications allowed by FIFA (without prior approval). However, many of these leagues are non-competitive anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T04:18:07.533" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9162" CreationDate="2015-04-21T07:36:52.307" Score="4" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;This October, I will be visiting the Rugby World Cup and I would like to combine that with visiting other sports events. For sure, I want to visit one, but probably more, football matches. So, I wonder when the schedules get published. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it will not be any time soon, since the leagues and playoffs haven't even finished yet. However, I would like to have some indication. Notice that this question is about all English professional leagues, so from Premier League to Conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T08:10:59.243" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T15:56:51.993" Title="When are the English football competitions' schedules published?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9161" CreationDate="2015-04-21T09:44:23.653" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/content/premierleague/en-gb/contact-us.html&quot;&gt;Barclays Premier League FAQ&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Fixture List is usually announced in mid-June, approximately two months prior to the start of the new season.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Football League (Championship, League 1, League 2) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.football-league.co.uk/global/keydates.aspx&quot;&gt;their website&lt;/a&gt; has already announced the fixture release date as &lt;strong&gt;Thursday 18th June&lt;/strong&gt; for the 2015/16 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="9240" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T12:19:36.817" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T12:19:36.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9153" CreationDate="2015-04-21T11:03:45.017" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simplest way to put this would be, Two 'Legged' tackles are not illegal... However two 'Footed' tackles are a bookable offence... Studs up is a very harmful tackle the legs can touch if contact is made with the ball first. However if a player is brought down with a two footed tackle its bookable regardless of whether he got the ball or not as it is careless and dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T11:03:45.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9164" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-21T15:29:43.030" Score="0" ViewCount="546" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play catcher for a very informal &quot;beer-league&quot; softball team, and have realized that I prefer different gloves at different points in the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With no one on base, I want a big outfielder type glove for catching foul-tips and short pop-flys.   A catcher's glove isn't as reliable for a novice player like me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a runner is in scoring position, I want more of a traditional catchers glove, because it has a lot of catching-and-trapping power, so I can reliably catch balls thrown full force from the outfield to home-plate ahead of the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't asked the umpires yet, but would it be legal to keep a second glove near the backstop, and switch gloves once a runner gets to 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about in more professional leagues? Could players change gloves mid-inning? (provided it does not delay the game) Are there good reasons to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9300" LastActivityDate="2016-09-25T22:24:57.410" Title="Can a baseball/softball player change gloves mid-inning?" Tags="|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3006" CreationDate="2015-04-21T16:00:58.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I can't find a reference right now)&#xA;I seem to remember during the 2014 post-season (possibly during the World Series?) that the Kansas City Royals shifted all the outfielders and the Short Stop between 1st and 2nd, where the batter had a steady history of hitting, but left most of the rest of the field uncovered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure enough, the batter hit right into the middle of the fielders, and they got a trivial out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9300" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T16:00:58.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9161" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:18:06.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this link (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalsportek.com/football/premier-league-fixtures/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.totalsportek.com/football/premier-league-fixtures/&lt;/a&gt;) that says the fixtures will be released on the 17th June around 9am Uk time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:18:06.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10343" CreationDate="2015-04-22T10:00:38.907" Score="6" ViewCount="2813" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many tournaments where seeded players (or at least some of them) receive a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bye_(sports)&quot;&gt;bye&lt;/a&gt; into the second round. This means that the first match this player plays is in the second round - against a player who got there after winning their first round match. For example, in the ATP tournament which is currently played in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Barcelona_Open_Banc_Sabadell_%E2%80%93_Singles#Section_2&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;, all seeded players received a bye into the second round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player with the bye loses their first match, do they still get ranking points for the second round? In the other words, does the player with a bye who loses their second round match get the same number of points as the player who did not have a bye, won in the first round and loses in the second round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-04-22T10:45:53.797" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T05:46:39.863" Title="Ranking points for a player who received bye" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9168" CreationDate="2015-04-22T11:13:30.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ranking points are based on where you get to in each tournament rather than for actually winning games, or even the standard of opponent you play.  As a result the player receiving the bye will get the points for reaching the second round, even if they lose. While, on the face of it, this may seem unfair, it is one of the benefits they receive by being successful enough to be seeded in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T11:13:30.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9174" CreationDate="2015-04-23T00:32:51.933" Score="4" ViewCount="1499" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does one determine the proper foot to use when taking a shot on goal in football? For this question assume the player is equally skilled with both the left and right foot. I'm assuming position on the field is a contributing factor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9306" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T12:50:12.897" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T12:50:12.897" Title="Foot selection during shooting" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9175" CreationDate="2015-04-23T02:09:30.137" Score="9" ViewCount="614" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching an old formula one race (Imola, 1994 to be specific). At some point, Michael Schumacher was behind Gerhard Berger on the track. But the race narrator said that due to this &quot;corrected time&quot;[*], Schumacher is being shown ahead of Berger in the race classification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did search the Internet but didn't find what this rule is. Can anybody explain it to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[*] The race is narrated in Portuguese, so I don't know if this is the English name for this rule. In the video, in Portuguese, the term used was &quot;tempo corrigido&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9307" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:14:57.643" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:14:57.643" Title="What does &quot;corrected time&quot; mean in Formula 1?" Tags="|rules|terminology|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9172" CreationDate="2015-04-23T03:03:42.223" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of factors in determining which foot to shoot with in football, including:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Position of the Ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to the mechanics of dribbling (and naturally, passing), the ball is rarely directly under the player's centre of mass (and it is extremely difficult to strike the ball effectively from here.) The ball will often be on the left or right side of central to the player, and should be struck with that foot accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is being crossed to the striker, proper technique is to place your body in line with the path of the ball and strike across your body against the movement of the ball (rather than across the movement of the ball whilst facing the goal, which is a lot more difficult to control.) This will determine the foot you strike with for you; if the cross is coming from the left, natural body movement will dictate that you strike with your left foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Position of the Player Relative to the Goal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player should strike the ball with the foot that affords the largest target area of the goal to aim at. If the player is on the left side of goal, this is the right foot and vice-versa. This is due to the action of striking the ball, which opens the body in the direction of the foot being used. If you strike the ball with your left foot on the left side of goal you are turning your body away from goal, which makes it more difficult to shoot towards the far post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Position and Movement of the Goalkeeper (and/or Defensive Players)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A striker should always attempt to place the ball in a manner that makes it as difficult as possible for the defending team to stop the shot. If the goalkeeper is moving or shifting their body weight to your right, shooting with your right will allow you more control and power in striking it to your left. The mechanics of movement in defence will also often allow a striker to place a shot between a defender's legs with one foot but not the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desired Movement of the Ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want a shot to curl from right to left, it is easier to do so using the instep of your right foot. Whilst possible to do so with your left foot, it is mechanically harder to impart as much revolution on the ball whilst maintaining control. Similarly, it is easier to strike a placed curled shot from left to right using your left foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Personal Preference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in the hypothetically perfectly skilled two-footed player, a striker is going to have a preferred foot. If there is no mechanical reason for choosing which foot to strike with, the player will default to the most natural foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Notes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there are plenty of one-footed players who are quite capable of striking effectively against the preferred mechanical option. Sometimes taking the less conventional option will be more effective in catching the defence off-guard. Proper striking technique is more important that choice of foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Source: 25 years of playing football, Junior coaching licenses.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T03:03:42.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9173" CreationDate="2015-04-23T06:29:28.310" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_San_Marino_Grand_Prix&quot;&gt;1994 Imola Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; is remembered mostly for the deaths of two drivers: rookie Roland Ratzenberger during Saturday qualifying, and three-time world champion Ayrton Senna during the race. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Senna crashed on the sixth lap, causing the red flag to be shown, so that all drivers returned to the pits. Senna received medical treatment on-site, and was then airlifted to hospital. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The race was then restarted from the grid in the order they were at the point the race was stopped, and the times of cars at the end of the fifth lap were also considered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the wikipedia article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Regulations meant that the original sixth lap would be deleted and the&#xA;  race would be restarted from the beginning of said lap. The first five&#xA;  laps would be added to the second part of the race and the overall&#xA;  result would be decided on aggregate. The race ran to a total of 58&#xA;  laps, five from the first section and 53 from the second section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Berger got the better start than Schumacher, and led on the track, but not overall, as Schumacher had been faster over the first five laps, hence the &quot;corrected time&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T06:29:28.310" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9149" CreationDate="2015-04-23T12:51:30.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All baseball teams have different off days and schedules.  Also there is a random amount of rain outs and other things that come up.  By week 3-4 of the baseball season you will hardly ever see a #1vs#1, #2vs#2, #3vs#3.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact how coaches are using advanced statistics throw this off even more.  So if the Cubs are playing a team of right handed hitters and they have lefty, righty, lefty, coming up for the next three games.  Well the manager might decide to throw out a righty in game one (6th starter) so that the team has two RHP for the series vs. one.  Also some pitchers pitch better at home or away and are often moved back a day to accommodate this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is to answer this question you could write a book of examples and stats.  There is just no way after the first few weeks that any teams have rotations that consistently match up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T12:51:30.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9178" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-23T18:29:04.033" Score="3" ViewCount="1598" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a college student declares that they will enter the NBA draft, do they have to finish the school year, or do they have to un-enroll from school (unless they commit back to their school before the spring signing day)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9312" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T21:44:14.983" Title="Finish College after NBA Draft" Tags="|basketball|nba|collegiate|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9178" CreationDate="2015-04-23T21:44:14.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of things here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No student &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to finish a semester that they enrolled in.  They would have to still pay for that semester, but they could drop out at any time (unless you are talking about a military academy, where the NBA draft is not an issue).  In the case of an NBA prospect, he would be on scholarship and paying for class is not an issue.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the school and NCAA side of things, if the player does not finish the semester then that will hurt the school's Academic Performance Rating (APR).  I am not sure if universities offer (or allowed to offer) incentives to players declaring for the NBA to help out with the APR.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the NCAA, eligibility is on a per semester basis, meaning in order to be eligible for the spring a player must pass 6 hours in the fall.  If a player is a &quot;one and done&quot; type player, they could pass 6 hours of say gym class and then not show up to a class all spring knowing they aren't coming back.  Even if a player got hurt and didn't pass a single spring class, they could pass 6 hours of summer school and be eligible again in the fall and repeat the process.  After the second year of school, more strict rules come into play such as GPA and total hours passed, along with declaring a major of study.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since the workouts for the draft aren't until the end of the spring semester, most players will finish the spring semester in the case that they ever need or want to obtain a degree (obviously, some don't).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/columns/story?columnist=katz_andy&amp;amp;id=3393470&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is an ESPN article I referenced.&lt;/a&gt;  Through dated (2008) the rules as far as one and done, APR, and eligibility have not significantly changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T21:44:14.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2015-04-24T02:26:00.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very rare in pro ranks, but I play it on my men's competitive league and my college team (division 3) used it about a decade ago. I'm not making the argument that Pros and D1 colleges should be using sweeper. My point is that it's not just a young youth formation, it works quite well in men's league where most of us are former college players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The argument that a sweeper hinders the offside trap is curious to me, as we ruthlessly run the trap with great success. As above commenters said, offensively you try to expose the sweeper system by putting your center striker on the sweeper to open the field up. But my 3 backs are in somewhat of a line ahead of me so as soon as I anticipate the pass to the center striker I &quot;jump&quot; forward and get in a line with my backs. Their best goal scorer is then in a terribly obvious offside position, probably with the ball on its way to his feet. At a minimum, he's running away from my goal to get back in onside position and the timing of his run is screwed up and their offense is forced to reset.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I pull that a few times and the striker thinks &quot;so this is how it's going to be? The sweeper runs up to the back line when we attack.&quot;  When I see this lightbulb turn on I then put myself with the line, basically transitioning from the sweeper system to a flat 4. But I'm still not marking much and am directing. As soon as the striker loses awareness of my positioning I drop and provide depth. As soon as he tries to approach me I may jump back up to be even with my defenders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I keep playing mindgames and switch from sweeper formation to flatback 4 but my responsibilities remain the same. Direct the defense, prevent through balls and bail my backs out if they get beat 1 on 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9315" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T02:26:00.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8953" CreationDate="2015-04-24T03:04:30.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the difficulties you're having in swimming comes from core muscular fatigue. You use a lot of abdominal and back muscles while swimming (a lot of little stabilizing muscles) in order to keep proper body position--horizontal with your hips at the surface. As you get tired, your hips sink and you end up causing more drag, which in turn makes it even harder to move efficiently. A pull buoy takes care of a lot of this support. So although you'd be putting more strain on your shoulders and lats to pull through the water, you've now taken some of the burden of staying afloat away from your core.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, with small flutter kicks, you are going to be creating less drag than with big scissor kicks (keeping a lower horizontal profile). That may contribute. Additionally--and this may be a bit of a reach--a scissor kick is more of a power exercise, while a flutter kick is more aerobic. Think about it like doing a lot of body-weight squats over and over versus jogging. It taxes your legs more thus requiring more oxygen to support the work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To improve your distance, I would suggest doing interval training--or at least repetition training--rather than long, slow distance. For example, instead of doing a 300 straight, do 3 x 100. Rest a little between each and try to keep the intensity a little higher. Eventually make it 4 x 100, and so on. Similar to track, swimming is generally trained as an interval workout, not a &quot;til-failure&quot; workout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9316" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T03:04:30.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-24T03:46:28.107" Score="3" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have a problem breathing inside the water, I have difficulty in exhaling (incomplete exhaling) which creates a lot of problem while swimming.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If I stop going the swimming pool (say for 1 month), I feel that whatever I know, I forgot completely and it happens.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I try all the strokes but not confident even a single one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you give me some valuable tips? I want to achieve perfection in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I do lots of running and exercise. I feel that stamina can be not a issue here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9317" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T07:49:06.503" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T17:01:52.693" Title="How to improve my Swimming technique? Help please" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-04-07T08:25:18.203" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9154" CreationDate="2015-04-24T08:59:36.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;@ThomasDB is quite right in his comment. It would be difficult to hide, with the modern technology and the press being on top of literally everything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't mean the coaches have to be 100% honest or don't have the wiggle-room in press conferences. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Mourinho is quite famous for &quot;overestimating&quot; injuries to his key players, only to figure out later that the player could play just fine (Diego Costa, anyone?). He's far from being the only manager who does tricks like that but perhaps one of the most famous. The main advantage is that you can mess with the opponent managers tactical plans/preparations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposite scenario is also quite common. A key player gets injured in a game, the press asks how serious it is, and the manager might downplay the injury even if he knows that the player might be out for a month or two. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practically what a manager says about the injuries at the pre-/post-game conferences is not binding in any way, and practically all is fair in this type of mindgame &quot;warfare&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer the OP, why say anything at all? Mind-games! To mess with the morale or tactics of the opponents. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could also be a matter of man management for his own squad, for instance: &lt;em&gt;i)&lt;/em&gt; to cheer up/support the injured player, or &lt;em&gt;ii)&lt;/em&gt; to give confidence to a replacement player... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T08:59:36.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9187" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-24T09:10:03.050" Score="3" ViewCount="852" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been looking for a replacement basketball, and thought of getting the new Euroleague ball, which Euroleague &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.euroleaguestore.net/other-articles/spalding/euroleague-official-ball-spalding-tf-1000.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sells from its official store&lt;/a&gt; for 80€.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3bYrd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's interesting is that this ball has the same model name TF-1000 as one of Spalding's &lt;a href=&quot;http://shop.spalding.com/Spalding-TF-1000-Classic-Basketball-29-5/dp/B00IPNQEYK?field_availability=-2&amp;amp;field_browse=5675135011&amp;amp;id=Spalding%20TF-1000%20Classic%20Basketball%2029%205&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;refinementHistory=subjectbin%2Cprice&amp;amp;searchNodeID=5675135011&amp;amp;searchPage=1&amp;amp;searchRank=salesrank&amp;amp;searchSize=12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;regular balls&lt;/a&gt;, which you can get in multiple varieties (Classic, Legacy, etc) for a wide variety of prices &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.de/s/ref=sr_nr_p_n_feature_keywords_0?fst=as%3Aoff&amp;amp;rh=n%3A16435051%2Cn%3A%2116435121%2Cn%3A190418011%2Cn%3A191014011%2Ck%3Aspalding%20tf-1000&amp;amp;bbn=191014011&amp;amp;keywords=spalding%20tf-1000&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1429866467&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from Amazon Germany&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the differences between the Euroleague, Classic, and Legacy versions of this ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T09:10:03.050" Title="Does Spalding have different versions of TF-1000? If so, what are the differences?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-24T09:47:35.787" Score="2" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering who wrote the IBU (International Biathlon Union) theme and whether it is part of a longer song or not. The theme can be found at the first and second file &lt;a href=&quot;http://mp3hamster.net/search/biathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no clue whether the text above it (about a Swedish band named Tribulation) has anything to do with the theme song. Although I do like rock music, I felt little for listening to the entire repertoire of a death metal band...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T13:24:21.883" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T13:24:21.883" Title="IBU Biathlon theme" Tags="|media|biathlon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9135" CreationDate="2015-04-24T13:40:09.887" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, It should be legal as multiple pitchers have been doing similar things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason Capps is not being busted is because of a possible bending of the balk rules - saying that he is not &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; attempting to bait anyone off base, so his other foot can come off the bag in one clear sweeping motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9320" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T13:40:09.887" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-24T14:08:33.007" Score="8" ViewCount="4187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule that prohibits two teams that advance from the same group playing against each other before the final?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9321" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T19:15:20.973" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T17:07:34.900" Title="What is the FIFA rule for two teams which played in the same group?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9190" CreationDate="2015-04-24T15:17:22.083" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the world cup the group structure is such that there are 4 teams each in 8 groups. The top two teams from each group advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way that the bracket is structured after this advancement is such that it is &lt;em&gt;impossible&lt;/em&gt; for two teams in the same group to play each other any earlier than the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To do this they structure the bracket so that the top team from one group plays the second team from another group and teams in the same bracket are on opposite sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for instance, here is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldcupplayoffsbracket.com/2014/index.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 full tournament bracket&lt;/a&gt;. Using Group A as an example, the winner (Brazil) played the second place team from group B (Chile), and the second place team in group A (Mexico) played the first place team from group B (Netherlands).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sets up a scenario where if both teams advance, they then play an opponent from groups C or D, and then an opponent from groups E,F, G or H to play for the final against an opponent from &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; of the other groups (including, possibly, their own).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2014 world cup this was documented in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_update_e_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this document&lt;/a&gt;, specifically on page 52-53, section 42-45. The document lists the matchups for each round providing letter or number codes to each and then using those in the subsequent section to describe the matchups. It's hard to quote here, but suffice to say the laws there describe the bracket listed above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a more general sense, FIFA's laws of the game is silent on how to organize a tournament, so it is up to each tournament how to schedule elimination rounds, however, in a round robin scenario with the top two advancing, if there are an even number of groups (especially when it's a power of 2), it is generally not hard to design the tournament such that teams in the same group do not play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting (as was pointed out in the comments), that this is something unique to the era of a 32 team field. Prior to this era, teams from the same group &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; play each other prior to the finals as several 3rd place teams would be included in the final 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2015-06-04T12:14:04.073" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T12:14:04.073" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9185" CreationDate="2015-04-24T18:45:24.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Focus on exhaling.  For a set number of laps focus just on breathing.  Make it a goal to blow out as much breath as possible.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do not miss a month.  Seriously.  Practice makes permanent.  You have to swim regularly until your muscles remember what to do without your brain.  There is no shortcut here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You will get there.  It is good to work on all strokes rather than just one, but that does mean that the time devoted to each stroke is less than if you focused on just one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Improvement requires consistency in practice.  If possible create a schedule so that swimming is a primary form of exercise and other things like running are the back-up activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T18:45:24.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5456" CreationDate="2015-04-27T03:58:20.483" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanted to come back and add an answer to this question because it happened again this week (27 Apr 2015) in a Challenger event in Tallahassee involving Facundo Bagnis of Argentina. You can find the draw for the 2015 event on their &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/ustatallahasseetennischallenger&quot;&gt;Facebook Page&lt;/a&gt;, or the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Tallahassee_Tennis_Challenger&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; for it once it's updated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for this happening is that Bagnis is currently ranked 90 in the world (pretty high for a Challenger event being played the same week as 3 ATP tour events also). The problem is, Bagnis didn't sign up to play the event in time, so he was forced to play qualifying in order to make his way into the main draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;THEN&lt;/em&gt; - the tournament organizers didn't make up the draw (and thus, the seeds) until &lt;em&gt;AFTER&lt;/em&gt; qualifying had completed - therefore allowing them to give Bagnis the #1 seed (appropriately) but he still has the &quot;Q&quot; by his name, since he made the main draw as a qualifier. According to some sources that follow pro tennis closely, this happens fairly regularly at the Futures level, but rarely in Challenger level tournaments. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Glad to have finally got an answer to this question!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T03:58:20.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7366" CreationDate="2015-04-27T04:08:44.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_Decision_Review_System#System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fielding team may use the system to dispute a &amp;quot;not out&amp;quot; call ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At their discretion, field umpires may request the Third Umpire ... to determine run outs ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These in combination would seem to suggest that the fielders can appeal the 'not-out' decision of the second batsman. The field umpires would then defer to the video umpire for a decision.&#xA;Note that because UDRS requires clear contradiction to the original call, the video would have to definitively show the 'not-out' batsman being nearest to the crease. Any hint of the distances being indeterminate would result in upholding the decision and a loss of review for the fielding team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T04:08:44.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4698" CreationDate="2015-04-27T04:29:14.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; The protection provided by such equipment (in karting and other sports) is the ability of the material to flex, thereby dispensing kinetic energy into elastic energy, and to disperse forces across a wider surface area, thereby lowering the actual force experienced by any given location.&#xA;When a vest is cracked (or potentially for other materials, warped or bent) it loses a significant portion of its ability to flex. This means more of the energy is left to be absorbed by the body, which equates to a higher likelihood and severity of injury. To a lesser extent, if a cracked component is hit, it will be less able to disperse forces across an area - because the individual fragment must take up all of the force - and if the crack itself is hit, this effect is almost negligible.&#xA;Given the importance of safety from impact in sports generally and karting particularly, you are better to abandon any noticeably damaged safety equipment and replace it (or at least, the damaged components). Even the smallest of visible cracks can indicate a structural weakness in the component that, when placed under stress, will lead to failure and a lack of adequate protection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T04:29:14.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5378" CreationDate="2015-04-27T04:50:15.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams will through various measures, create a list of players they would like to have, and a list of players they are willing to not have, and place a value on each of them.&#xA;They will then open dialogue with other teams regarding who (from that second team) they might want, and who or what (players or cash) they are willing to provide.&#xA;If it happens that both teams have multiple players from the other on their &quot;wanted&quot; list, and multiple players of each group are also on that team's &quot;will give&quot; list, then there is potential for a multi-player trade. Note that such players may be added to the &quot;wanted&quot; or &quot;will give&quot; lists after the dialogue opens, if further information becomes available (e.g. scouts didn't get enough observation of a player, or apparent value increases compared to actual value in the intervening time).&#xA;The final step is determining the relative value of the players; Players A and B might have a collective value of 10 million money units while players X and Y have collective value of 11 million units. The first team may propose giving 1 million money units to top up the value, or allow Players A and B to be taken sooner (so that the second team gets 1 million money units worth of use from them before they give up Players X and Y).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T04:50:15.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12969" CreationDate="2015-04-27T12:19:00.860" Score="6" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did a test where someone pushed me on my back and the first leg that &quot;answered&quot; was the front leg on the board. But after training for a few weeks, I'm still not confortable being &quot;Regular&quot;. And I tried Goofy but it's quite the same. (I have to say that I'm a bit ambidextrous)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So does a reliable test exist to find your Snowboard stance without practicing and trying both ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9329" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-05-06T12:39:53.267" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T20:53:50.350" Title="Reliable test for Snowboard stance?" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9201" CreationDate="2015-04-27T18:33:02.157" Score="8" ViewCount="6160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do so many soccer stadiums use racing seats for their team benches? And which was the first stadium or club to use racing seats as benches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9332" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-04-27T19:13:06.843" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T21:14:44.823" Title="Why do so many soccer stadiums use racing seats for their team benches?" Tags="|football|venues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9199" CreationDate="2015-04-27T19:17:56.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The advantages of a nice comfy seat over a thin bit of plastic or a wooden plank are fairly obvious:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Substitutes are more comfortable - this means they're not going to be coming on with their legs / whatever stiff from having to have been sat uncomfortably for an hour.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Substitutes and support personnel are happier. This is clearly a good thing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the real question is why &lt;em&gt;wouldn't&lt;/em&gt; top-level clubs use racing seats? For any reasonably high-level professional club, the cost is marginal, so any benefit they give is a good thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T19:17:56.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9199" CreationDate="2015-04-27T21:14:44.823" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's part of what Philip said and part for another reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Club's want their players to feel comfy when they are not playing and you'll find a large majority of the seats have internal warming. However, one manager got rid of all the comfy seats, his reason, which makes sense to me is that the bench isn't a place where a player should want to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other part of the reason and  I guess this is more down to the type of seats they use is sponsorship and the money that comes with it. You'll find that a large majority of football clubs are sponsored by car company's. So you'll see that Man Utd will use Audi seats for example, in football they'll try to make money from anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9333" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T21:14:44.823" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16107" CreationDate="2015-04-27T23:20:57.613" Score="6" ViewCount="757" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Sunday 25th April 2015, David Robertson managed a rare feat: he &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/baseball/whitesox/ct-report-white-sox-royals-spt-0427-20150426-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;earned a win and a save on the same (calendar) day&lt;/a&gt;. While the first win technically was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHA/CHA201504240.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Friday, according to the box score&lt;/a&gt;, for practical purposes he earned a win and a save on the same calendar day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened before, and if so, how many times and by whom (if it's a reasonable number)?    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-05-07T21:35:31.317" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:06:24.293" Title="How often have pitchers earned a win and a save on same day?" Tags="|baseball|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9203" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-29T08:53:02.607" Score="3" ViewCount="1093" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are drop-catches and stumping-failures recorded for official statistics ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of records will help in knowing who is a better bowler, in a bad team of fielders or wicketkeepers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg : Consider a very good bowler B1, who can easily fool the batsmen so that the wicket-keeper can stump-out or catch-behind; but the wicket-keeper is not &quot;talented&quot;, so the batsmen escape. Also, bowler changes his pace such that fielders can get catches easily, but they drop most of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider a very bad bowler (or an average bowler) B2 with a great wicket-keeper who never misses opportunities for stump-out or catch-behind. Also the fielders are too good, such that they stretch and jump beyond reasonable limits to convert sixes to caught-outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the records are compared, bowler B1 will look very bad, while bowler B2 will look very good. To high-light this type of issue , records (statistics) of drop-catches and stumping-failures will be very helpful. Eg For making &quot;World XI teams&quot; or &quot;Dream teams&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T10:49:21.563" LastActivityDate="2019-09-05T13:14:01.370" Title="Are drop-catches and stumping-failures recorded for official statistics?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9204" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9215" CreationDate="2015-04-29T09:20:12.580" Score="6" ViewCount="1585" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, I am a football player for a Dutch amateur club. This summer, I might move abroad and for sure I want to keep playing football. What is the formal procedure to be eligible for, say an English, amateur squad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, would it be sufficient to sign up at the team and the FA or is there some transfer action required with the KNVB (Dutch FA) and my Dutch club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that this has in no means to do with professional football transfers but everything with an average kid searching for a possibility to keep playing football in his spare time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any answers on how this works in other countries are appreciated as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T13:16:01.787" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T16:48:05.257" Title="What is the procedure to play (amateur) football for a foreign club?" Tags="|football|transfer|amateur|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9203" CreationDate="2015-04-29T11:45:05.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never seen an instance of dropped catches or missed stumpings being recorded in official statistics. They may be written into scorebooks as &quot;incidents&quot; or further annotations, but I don't believe they're recorded specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at Cricinfo's Statsguru &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;type=bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Test Bowling&lt;/a&gt; I don't see an ability to search by those items, which would lead me to believe they're not available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T11:45:05.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9206" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9207" CreationDate="2015-04-29T11:48:03.860" Score="4" ViewCount="33945" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play cricket every summer and have been ever since I was little. During a match I was bowling. The rule in the league I play for is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball is bowled (without hitting the ground) above waist height, it is a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now surely, if a ball is bowled above waist height, it will not hit the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, if the ball is bowled above waist height, but ends up hitting the wicket - is that out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9336" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T04:19:47.657" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T08:00:00.890" Title="In cricket, is it a no-ball even if the ball hits the wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9206" CreationDate="2015-04-29T12:01:32.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 24.16&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except 33 (Handled the ball), 34 (Hit the ball twice), 37 (Obstructing the field) or 38 (Run out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least under the standard Laws of Cricket (specifically, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 42.6 and 42.7&lt;/a&gt;), it's a No ball as soon as it passes the batsmen, so it doesn't matter that it hit the wicket - it's still a No ball and therefore the batsman cannot be out bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T12:01:32.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9208" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-04-29T13:16:43.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most situations including the rules of most sports, an &quot;amateur&quot; is a participant in a sport who does not receive money or other compensation for that participation. The opposing term is a &quot;professional&quot;, someone who is paid to participate in the activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most competitions and other activities in which amateurs are encouraged to participate, professionals are either segregated into a different class of competition, or excluded entirely. The basic idea is that a professional is paid to be good at their sport or other skill, and will therefore have (and take) more time to be good at what they do. An amateur will typically make their living in some other way, and spend the majority of their time and effort on their &quot;day job&quot;, therefore putting a professional and an amateur into the same competition, even with a handicap in favor of the amateur, creates an unlevel playing field that discourages amateur participation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many sports rigorously define the rules by which a player is entitled to call themselves an amateur, specifically things they cannot do or say while an amateur and expect to remain one. Golf is a common example of such a sport. A golfer is an amateur from the time they begin playing the sport until such time as they accept a cash or material prize with a value exceeding a specific dollar figure, or are ever paid to play or teach the game in a quid-pro-quo manner, or if they have ever explicitly renounced their amateur status. Once amateur status is lost, it typically cannot be regained, though there are some exceptions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar rules exist for other sports which have a notable amateur participation rate, including sports teams and leagues established by U.S. educational institutions, which are designed to be &quot;amateur&quot; leagues by their definition; players in interscholastic leagues including those governed by the NCAA cannot receive compensation for playing beyond tuition, fees, room, board, academic supplies, and certain other direct expenses related to athletic events in which they participate (such as travel). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notable violations of collegiate compensation restrictions included Southern Methodist University's famous pay-for-play football scandal, in which a &quot;slush fund&quot; contributed to by notable members of the booster club was used to pay illegal compensation to maintain a competitive team. This resulted in the Dallas-based university receiving the NCAA's &quot;death penalty&quot;; on top of a long string of pre-existing probationary penalties including being banned from live TV coverage and participating in bowl games, the SMU Mustangs' entire 1987 season and all four 1988 home games were cancelled (the 'Stangs would eventually cancel their 1988 season entirely as the school was unable to field enough players), with the teams they would have played winning by default. In addition, SMU lost the ability to offer 55 football scholarships for the next four years, and was banned from recruiting off-campus for two years, effectively preventing any notable talent from applying to or remaining with the program. The decision was a major contributing factor to the collapse of the Southwest Conference in one of the biggest shakeups in college athletics history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T15:06:50.410" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T15:06:50.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9209" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-04-29T13:16:43.280" Score="0" Body="Questions about amateur status." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T13:16:43.280" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T13:16:43.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8849" CreationDate="2015-04-29T13:16:44.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, the defender is faulty, not the goalie. Whether the goalie handles the ball or not will not change the fact that the referee should give an indirect free-kick to the opponent team and book the defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this shound not be confused with the defender which heads a long pass to the goalie : this only applies to the defender which has the ball in his feet, &quot;sends&quot; it to his head to give it to his goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T13:16:44.047" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9211" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-30T09:11:50.240" Score="1" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a huge fan of football and I simply want to know if a website dedicate to statistics about this sport exists. I always read articles about football in which journalists provide statistics and I always wonder where do they find them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9341" LastEditorUserId="9341" LastEditDate="2015-04-30T10:12:33.813" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T11:44:16.880" Title="Is there a website where we can find all kind of statistics related to the European football?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-04-30T13:26:39.210" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9214" CreationDate="2015-04-30T11:05:41.467" Score="5" ViewCount="2015" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who was the youngest ever player to win a tournament on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Challenger_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Challenger Tour&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We had similar question about &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8984/who-was-the-youngest-player-to-win-an-atp-world-tour-tournament&quot;&gt;ATP World Tour&lt;/a&gt;. I thought that knowing answer to a similar question about challengers might be interesting, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T11:58:39.787" Title="Who was the youngest player to win an ATP challenger tournament?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|atp|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9211" CreationDate="2015-04-30T11:44:16.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A website like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccerway.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Soccerway&lt;/a&gt; offers stats on football from all around the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T11:44:16.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9212" CreationDate="2015-05-01T04:12:22.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I'm aware - the youngest Champion of a Challenger Tour event was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Chang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michael Chang&lt;/a&gt; when he won a Challenger event in Las Vegas in 1987 when he was 15 years and 7 months old. Not that surprising considering he also won the French Open at 17.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I remember hearing also - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gasquet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Richard Gasquet&lt;/a&gt; was pretty young when he started winning Futures and Challengers as well - while he was 16 I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll try to find some sources to back up my claims and come back here and edit this answer afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two sources found by Martin (in the comments)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=239122&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=239122&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/07/28/Challenger-Weekly-Spotlight-7-July-2014.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/07/28/Challenger-Weekly-Spotlight-7-July-2014.aspx&lt;/a&gt; (snapshot in &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20150420152257/http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/07/28/Challenger-Weekly-Spotlight-7-July-2014.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wayback machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T09:29:18.153" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T09:29:18.153" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9204" CreationDate="2015-05-01T08:23:23.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules and regulations will differ from country to country, but provided you aren't a professional footballer (have a contract with your existing club) you are free to move to another league at will. Different federations will have some other restrictions (for example, I believe within most European leagues you cannot play for more than two clubs in a single season) but generically movement of amateur players is unrestricted. A transfer request needs to be submitted for professional players, or players moving between clubs within the same federation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Australia, and likely other countries with reputable football federations, you will be required to undergo an international clearance. This will be requested by the club you join in your new country and will be processed by their football association. They will liaise with the federation the player last played in (the parent federation) to determine whether the player is under any form of suspension or ban. No action is required by the player themselves, other than to inform their new club of the last club they played for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I have had to submit these forms, the usual response time from submission to clearance for play was 2-5 working days. If a request elapsed 3 weeks without a response from the parent federation, as can be the case with less organised federations from developing countries, the clearance is usually granted as de facto.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T08:23:23.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9216" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9217" CreationDate="2015-05-01T16:58:28.460" Score="7" ViewCount="5761" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just browsing on Stubhub because I was curious what tickets for a Manchester United game go for when this popped up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GGNcI.png&quot; alt=&quot;StubHub Screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to indicate that if you're a supporter (I assume possibly an away supporter), you shouldn't be wearing team colors. That seems a bit ridiculous to me, not only as an American sports fan, but as someone who has watched any sporting event ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this really the case? What are they trying to accomplish? Don't they already separate the supporters within the stadium with security and/or walls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1954" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T07:24:10.207" Title="Dress Code for football supporters?" Tags="|football|fans|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9216" CreationDate="2015-05-01T19:43:10.420" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the country you're in, but in most (European) countries they will not allow you to enter the home stands while you are wearing a shirt/scarf/hat (well, really anything affiliated with the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To go on from your given example, Manchester United, we get into English territory. If you are a bit into football you'll know that the English supporters' scene had a bit of rough time in history. But discussing that would lead us too far. To keep things short, away and home fans are kept as much apart as necessary and as much as they can. For English football that means completely separate stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is this really the case?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as my limited experience in English grounds goes, their security measures are rather tight and maybe a bit too much anno 2015. But from the looks of it you're going rather as a neutral fan or a Manchester United fan to such game.&#xA;If you're buying tickets through a website like that one, tickets will be in the home sections of the stadium and you will have no problem entering the stadium with some Manchester United fan gear. So it has a double answer: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Yes&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as an away supporter, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;No&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as a home supporter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are they trying to accomplish?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, just to keep fans separated. What the site is trying to accomplish is just not be in any danger to complaints from the club selling tickets to other teams' supporters. They are just covering their asses with a little message. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't they already separate the supporters within the stadium with security and/or walls?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but no system is without error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other countries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An exception on not allowing obvious away supporters in home stand is Germany, apart from the stand with the &lt;em&gt;hardcore fans&lt;/em&gt; you will &lt;strong&gt;most likely&lt;/strong&gt; be able to enter with for instance wearing a shirt from the away team in the home stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Major Tournaments&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For major tournaments (World Cup, European Championship, Champions League &lt;em&gt;Final&lt;/em&gt;  etc) only a small part is sold directly to the two teams supporters group directly, the rest is sold in a general sale as &lt;em&gt;neutral tickets&lt;/em&gt;, this is were mixed supporter situations are created. Most tickets will be bought up by local fans and off course supporters of the two playing teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2015-05-29T07:24:10.207" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T07:24:10.207" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9218" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-02T03:38:34.363" Score="1" ViewCount="4684" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second above-shoulder delivery will surely be given as a no-ball in an ODI, it doesn't matter whether it is hit or not. But if the first bouncer in an over is above shoulder height and the batsman ends up hitting it... will it be called a the one legal bouncer for the over? Because in ICC matches we have seen that such deliveries are not called as a legal bouncer for the over...but just an ordinary delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9344" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2015-05-03T06:54:51.070" LastActivityDate="2015-05-03T06:54:51.070" Title="If the batsman hits the FIRST above shoulder height delivery in an over,will it be signalled one legal bouncer for the over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9218" CreationDate="2015-05-02T21:30:23.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's probably worth starting by noting that your understanding of the regulations is incorrect: bowlers are allowed &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; fast short-pitched deliveries per over in a One Day International. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the current regulations&lt;/a&gt;, section 42.4.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 42.6 (a) shall be replaced by the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) A bowler shall be limited to &lt;strong&gt;two&lt;/strong&gt; fast short-pitched deliveries per over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). Perhaps you are getting confused with Twenty20 internationals where the limit is one bouncer per over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, further reading of section 42.4.1 also gives the definition of a fast short-pitched delivery:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) A fast short-pitched delivery is defined as a ball which passes &lt;strong&gt;or would have&lt;/strong&gt; passed above the shoulder height of the striker standing upright at the&#xA;popping crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(again, my emphasis). This makes it clear that it doesn't matter if the batsman hits the ball or not - if the ball &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; have passed above shoulder height, it counts as one of the bouncers for the over. Exactly the same language exists in the Twenty20 regulations, for what it's worth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-05-02T21:30:23.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9229" CreationDate="2015-05-03T04:03:31.540" Score="1" ViewCount="335" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it tough for a horse to run three ~1 mile races within 5 weeks to win the triple crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness, Belmont)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps I don't understand horse physiology verse human physiology but why is this the case?  Humans can run many miles per day while training and/or can run a 1-2 mile race once or twice a week (well, my friends did in HS for track and field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Here's an article that shows the owner complaining the field was stacked with fresh horses against his &quot;tired&quot; horse but again, for a horse to run three 1 mile races in 5 weeks, fatigue shouldn't be an issue unless I'm totally off regarding horse vs. human physiology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2014/06/08/california-chrome-belmont-stakes-triple-crown-steve-coburn-angy/10196373/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2014/06/08/california-chrome-belmont-stakes-triple-crown-steve-coburn-angy/10196373/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="1488" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T18:13:52.897" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T18:13:52.897" Title="Why is it so hard for a horse to win the triple crown?" Tags="|training|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9223" CreationDate="2015-05-03T08:47:44.343" Score="7" ViewCount="3860" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the first &quot;Hall of Fame&quot; in sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And who first thought of the idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T04:18:27.463" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T04:18:27.463" Title="What is the first &quot;Hall of Fame&quot;?" Tags="|trivia|history|international-sports|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9221" CreationDate="2015-05-03T20:43:00.633" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The concept of the Hall of Fame has its roots in ancient Norse mythology.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valhalla&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Valhalla&lt;/a&gt; was an enormous hall in Asgard where warriors who were slain in battle would go upon their death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;King Ludwig I of Bavaria&lt;/a&gt; was apparently inspired by this legend, and built two different halls inspired by the Norse legend: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walhalla_memorial&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Walhalla&lt;/a&gt; near Regensburg, Bavaria (completed in 1842), and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhmeshalle_%28Munich%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ruhmeshalle&lt;/a&gt; in Munich (completed in 1853), whose name literally means &quot;Hall of Fame.&quot;  These halls were museums containing plaques and statues of important German-speaking people, including scientists, artists, and politicians.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1900, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hall of Fame for Great Americans&lt;/a&gt; was completed.  Inspired by the Ruhmeshalle, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_MacCracken&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dr. Henry MacCracken&lt;/a&gt;, chancellor of New York University, conceived the idea for this hall, built in the Bronx.  The hall includes Americans in a variety of categories, including authors, businessmen, inventors, clergy, scientists, artists, soldiers, and teachers, but not athletes.  The name of this building is the first time that the English phrase &quot;Hall of Fame&quot; was used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the halls in Germany, where the people enshrined were determined by Ludwig I, MacCracken established a nationwide body of electors made up of prominent Americans. This group held regular elections to vote on new nominees for entry into the hall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there, it wasn't that big of a leap to come up with the idea of a &quot;hall of fame&quot; dedicated to a particular sport.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;National Baseball Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt; in Cooperstown, New York, founded in 1939, might be the first professional sports hall of fame.  Sports halls of fame generally follow the model of the first hall in having entry decided by a board of electors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-05-04T15:03:11.353" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T15:03:11.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9203" CreationDate="2015-05-04T09:06:58.860" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately there is no such tool to calculate failures not only in&#xA;  the case of fielders but also in the case of bowlers and batsman&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we can get stats of team failures like lowest total made by the team,highest margin of loss,etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But I believe all this faults will be identified and noted by team&#xA;  coach or some other officials responsible for the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can even come through that the head coach sitting in pavilion   writing some points while the game is going on (whether it is good or bad).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So by considering the points noted by coach for the matches the under performed players will be sacked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PS: Though there are no official stats to identify player's failure&#xA;  but still you can find them in some private sites or in facebook pages&#xA;  all this stats are been listed by anti fans of that player too boo&#xA;  him/ his fans with such stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7804" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T09:06:58.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9216" CreationDate="2015-05-04T13:40:00.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add on to ThomasDB's excellent answer; this is a common and a relatively minor measure of violence prevention in football arenas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more extreme examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;denial of &quot;presumably&quot; away fans by FC Copenhagen (among many other clubs) at Champions League, regardless of clothing. One such example was the game against Galatasaray SK a couple of years ago, which sparked some heated debate on racial profiling and discrimination (quite a few home fans were denied entry to the arena, despite being danish citizens and having valid tickets).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkish Football Federation, together with municipality of Istanbul has decided to ban all away fans from the derby games, for security purposes. In other words, Fenerbahce, Galatasaray and Besiktas play their home games to their fans alone (I believe there are similar measures in Greece and Serbia as well, but can't swear on it).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2015-05-04T19:16:24.973" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T19:16:24.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9228" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-04T15:29:42.330" Score="1" ViewCount="933" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm from india im coming to other countries. Am I allowed to play and represent immediately or I should wait until 4 years. I have not played any level cricket here knowing its political&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9350" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T21:09:34.713" Title="rules in cricket for overseas players" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9220" CreationDate="2015-05-04T17:21:10.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 3 races in 6 weeks isn't the issue.  While some horses will race only in one race - particularly the Derby - most of them are racing all three unless they get hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, there are several contributing factors making it harder to win the triple crown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The three races are of different lengths, meaning different horses will run them differently.  The Belmont is 1.5 miles, while the Kentucky Derby is about 1.25 miles, and the Preakness is in between (1 3/16ths mile). That seems like a small difference, but it does matter - and human racers definitely see differences between a 50 meter dash and a 100 meter dash, at least, if not quite that small of differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even if the races were identical, each race has a different number of horses, horses start out at a different spot in each race, and weather conditions may vary how a horse performs at each race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you have the problem of repeatedly winning a race.  Unless a horse is far superior to all of the other horses out there, it's very hard to win 3 consecutive races, beating the same field (roughly) three times.  It's the same reason why golfers rarely win the single-year grand slam - you have to be perfect four times, and it's very hard to do that.  Even a horse who (by himself) had a 75% chance to win each race, which is far more than nearly any horse is considered to have in any given year, that's 3/4*3/4*3/4 or 27/64ths to win all three - under 50%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T17:21:10.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-04T19:46:05.197" Score="2" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;The conventional wisdom is that right- and left- handed pitchers pitch &quot;better&quot; (low ERA) to batters of the same &quot;handedness,&quot; (because pitcher prefer to pitch &quot;inside.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game (Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis) is in extra innings. Pittsburgh leads 2-1, having scored a run in the top of the twelfth. Pittsburgh has a right handed reliever, Rhadames Liz, who gets &quot;one on and one out&quot; against two right handed batters. It's down to the last two outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first, second, and fourth batters coming up (Kolton Wong, Jon Jay, and Matt Carpenter are left-handed); Peter Bourjos in the third spot, is right-handed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pittsburgh has two left handed relievers who have worked one inning in each of the two previous games, but only a total of three innings each in the previous week. Why not use one, or even both lefties to get the last two outs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liz gave up a single and a walk, loading the bases, and then a single for the tying run in the 12th. After pitching a perfect 13th, he gave up the losing run in the 14th because the Pirates couldn't score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more consideration: The following day (today) is an off day, giving relievers a chance to rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would a general manager have reason to question a manager for 1) violating the conventional wisdom about right- versus- left handed match ups and 2) NOT playing to win or lose the game in the current inning to spare future relievers? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-05-06T19:10:57.430" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T21:00:44.027" Title="Should a manager be questioned for leaving in a right handed pitcher in the following situation?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9231" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12755" CreationDate="2015-05-04T20:41:03.173" Score="5" ViewCount="2181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found myself modifying my thumb position of my left hand (I swing right) to achieve a fade or a draw.  I think this technically creates a slightly stronger / weaker grip. If I put my thumb on the flag-opposite side of the golf club I find it much easier to drive the ball low and draw it. And the opposite is true for hitting a cut or fade or even flop shots. I literally put the right side of my left thumb on the flag side of the golf club to hit a soft cut or pitch shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also move my left index finger. If I want to drive the ball lower and draw it a little more or even hit a straighter shot I hook my left index finger on the front of the club and push the club into that left index finger to lock it into place.  My left finger is then at least half an inch farther down the shaft than my left thumb.  The reverse is true for a fade.  I move my index finger farther up the shaft. I feel like this has the effect of letting me cup my left wrist easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't interlock my grip and I overlap my right ring finger on top of my left index finger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's definitely helped with my control and consistency while trying to create different types of shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone ever heard of a pro modifying their grip like this on a per shot basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone else do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9351" LastEditorUserId="9351" LastEditDate="2015-05-04T22:01:43.923" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:08:33.807" Title="Does anyone else modify their golf grip on a per shot basis?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9228" CreationDate="2015-05-04T21:09:34.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the level of cricket you want to play, and on the regulations of the individual organising committees who administer the level you wish to play at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, there's usually no issue in playing at a social level, and as you rise through the ranks more restrictions are in place. To play international cricket for another country in general requires four years of residency in that country, but there are many twists &amp;amp; turns to the regulations. I'd suggest you go through the various documents &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;on the ICC site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T21:09:34.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10259" CreationDate="2015-05-05T06:02:39.023" Score="10" ViewCount="54354" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, if a player scores a hat-trick, he usually takes the match ball with him as a souvenir.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if 2 or more players score a hat-trick in a single game, then who gets to take the match ball with him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3414" LastEditorUserId="3414" LastEditDate="2016-02-07T06:45:50.403" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T16:52:18.197" Title="Football - Who gets the match ball, if 2 or more players score hat-tricks in a game?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9235" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-05T07:58:15.923" Score="2" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently been trying to land &quot;Late Shuvs&quot; and &quot;Late Kickflips&quot;. Now to achieve these tricks you need to have ollied befor you initiate the trick. I get the Ollie fine for the Shuv and kicking the board to make the 180 rotation is fine but the part I'm struggle with is landing on top of it, it always spins away or behind me. what am I doing wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also for the late flip how do I even flip the board when its in the air? when I kick it, it instantly point s towards the floor. (and causes really bad injuries I must add...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:14:50.403" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:14:50.403" Title="How to land &quot;Late&quot; tricks?" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9237" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10238" CreationDate="2015-05-05T20:20:27.243" Score="8" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;Juventus-Real Madrid Champions League semi-final game is being played now and I am completely dumbfounded by how Carvajal managed to get away without seeing a card in connection with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3HFZb7XbqY&quot;&gt;penalty situation&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The facts are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's a sliding tackle, that misses the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He is the &lt;strong&gt;last&lt;/strong&gt; defender&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would have expected a red but even a yellow would be understandable. I can't get my head around the fact that Marcelo got a yellow for his &quot;tactical&quot; foul prior to the penalty, and Vidal got a yellow for protest but the player who caused it all seemed to get away with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That must have been a miss from the ref, surely?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T15:10:38.290" Title="How exactly did Carvajal not get booked/sent off after causing a penalty?" Tags="|rules|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9237" CreationDate="2015-05-06T04:55:41.783" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee most probably missed it. When I first saw it I was convinced that he would be sent off. Maybe the referee was distracted by the Juventus players protesting against the tackle. Also the referee may have thought that it was a minimal contact tackle worthy of a penalty but not a card. But in my opinion its a straight red card considering he's the last man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9357" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T04:55:41.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9237" CreationDate="2015-05-06T08:06:30.553" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tend to agree with the referee on this occasion. I believe he was correct in awarding the penalty kick only and not cautioning Carvajal for this incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, let's consider the amount of force used in the tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's a sliding tackle, that misses the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From page 117 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Careless” means that the player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;No further disciplinary sanction is needed if a foul is judged to be careless&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Reckless” means that the player has acted with complete disregard to the&#xA;  danger to, or consequences for, his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who plays in a reckless manner must be cautioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Using excessive force” means that the player has far exceeded the necessary&#xA;  use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who uses excessive force must be sent off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from &lt;a href=&quot;http://streamable.com/c4w3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this clip&lt;/a&gt; which provides a better angle, you'll see that while there was a slide, the actual foul was an ankle clip made when Carvajal let Tevez slip from a side-to-side position to in front of him. The slide, which occurred after the trip, neither made contact with Tevez nor the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contact is shown in the following image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sx4jq.png&quot; alt=&quot;careless trip before slide&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tevez is already going down from the trip before the slide tackle is executed. Note there is no contact here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/46Yk0.png&quot; alt=&quot;tevez falling before slide&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the reverse angle, we can see that there is no real contact after the initial trip made while standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q7dN3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;tevez falling before slide reverse&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this, I believe the referee was correct to consider the trip careless, rather than reckless or excessively forceful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, we need to consider that tactical nature of the challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is the &lt;strong&gt;last&lt;/strong&gt; defender&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 130 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, we have the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees should consider the following circumstances when deciding whether&#xA;  to send off a player for denying a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the distance between the offence and the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the likelihood of keeping or gaining control of the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the direction of the play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the location and number of defenders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the offence which denies an opponent an obvious goalscoring opportunity&#xA;  may be an offence that incurs a direct free kick or an indirect free kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While is it true that there is only one opponent (the goalkeeper) between Tevez and the goal, and that this was a direct free kick offence, that's only two of the five points covered here. I'd also argue that the likelihood of keeping or controlling the ball and the distance to goal are also covered, making it four out of five.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the direction of play takes Tevez towards the goal line rather than the goal. Since all five criteria aren't met, this isn't considered to be denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following image, I've shown the direction Tevez would have had to be moving to meet this criteria - effectively anywhere between the two blue arrows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ugqNn.png&quot; alt=&quot;direction of play&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the last touch Tevez takes that changes the direction of his run. While he is not heading directly at goal, if the foul was made here, there's an argument to be made that he still could have adjusted his direction to have an obvious goalscoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/w2idR.png&quot; alt=&quot;last touch changing direction&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the next two touches before he is fouled are made in the same direction. By the time the foul is made twenty metres further up the field, there's definitely not enough field left to change direction and still have an angle on goal that gives him an obvious chance of scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 123 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014/15 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits a foul for the tactical purpose of interfering with or breaking up a promising attack&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very ambiguous and vague wording. Speaking from refereeing experience, an attack is usually considered to be promising when a player beats one or more defenders into a large amount of space, or there is a pronounced mismatch between attackers and defenders covering while the attackers have possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, Tevez had only 6 - 7 metres of the pitch left in front of him, so there was nowhere left to go. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iMolN.png&quot; alt=&quot;space left on field&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, after the foul, you'll notice that two more defenders have made it into the penalty area before any attackers have arrived - there is no outnumbering, and without anyone to cross it to and having headed towards the goal line instead of the goal with such a small amount of field left, the attack is hardly promising anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9kuiK.png&quot; alt=&quot;number of defenders&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This image shows in fact how many defenders there are getting back to cover and the lack of promise in this attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r0Wjz.png&quot; alt=&quot;no attackers&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that an attack isn't promising just because a player has possession in the final third of the field - this would make every penalty kick an automatic caution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Marcelo's caution, it was a much different picture at that stage. There were two attackers to only one outfield player, with a lot of space to break into between them and the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a cynical trip made with no purpose other than to turn a two-on-one situation into a one-on-one. I'd say this situation was much more promising and the caution for unsporting behaviour was therefore justified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZsOpC.png&quot; alt=&quot;two on one&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T15:10:38.290" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T15:10:38.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2786" CreationDate="2015-05-06T11:16:18.177" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maiden Over is the one in which the bowler bowls only 6 deliveries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which will count out the wides and no-balls (&quot;bowling extras&quot;)being bowled, causing the bowler to bowl an extra delivery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a maiden over can have extras (byes and leg byes- &quot;fielding extras&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9358" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T11:16:18.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9198" CreationDate="2015-05-06T12:35:28.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a way in which you can test but it works better on a skateboard (as you aren't strapped onto the board). Place the board on a field or grassy area where it isn't going to move much. Run towards it at a relaxed pace and jump onto it. this will put your lead leg forward by instinct its similar to the example you gave but it gives you the experience of the sort of motion you need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(note remember to be aware of the surroundings and the motion in which you will cause after doing this test as you can easily end up on your back. lean slightly into the jump to ensure you don't slip backwards.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T12:35:28.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10242" CreationDate="2015-05-06T15:21:14.537" Score="4" ViewCount="3966" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &quot;quality start&quot; for a pitcher in baseball is defined as giving up no more than three runs in six or more innings of work. For frames of reference, a starter needs to complete at least five full innings (a majority out of nine) to be eligible for a win, and three runs in six innings would be a 4.50 ERA. So how did this definition come about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've worked with a sliding scale, where a &quot;quality start equivalent&quot; (QSE) which would require at least five innings of work, and the number of innings minus the number of runs cannot be less than three. That is to say, five innings and two runs would qualify, as would seven innings and four runs. Has anyone in the sport used, or proposed, a similar &quot;equivalent?&quot; (On this scale, the Pittsburgh Pirates, who have &quot;only 16 quality starts in 26 games, would have 20 QSE's. Other teams would benefit from this adjustment, of course but not to the same degree.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing that puzzles me is that a quality start is &quot;retracted&quot; if a starter goes six innings with no more than three runs, then pitches the seventh (and possibly an eighth) and gives up a fourth run. The way I look at it is that the pitcher earned a quality start for &quot;three in six,&quot; then functioned as a &quot;middle reliever,&quot; for the seventh inning. Put another way, the pitcher gave his manager the option of using only one inning of &quot;middle&quot; relief, even though the manager didn't use this option. Or don't the scorers see it that way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T17:08:25.717" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T02:06:56.227" Title="How were the parameters for a &quot;quality&quot; start defined?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10241" CreationDate="2015-05-06T15:47:43.207" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In baseball, a quality start is a statistic for a starting pitcher defined as a game in which the pitcher completes at least six innings and permits no more than three earned runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The quality start was developed by sportswriter John Lowe in 1985 while writing for the Philadelphia Inquirer.&lt;a href=&quot;http://insider.espn.go.com/mlb/insider/columns/story?columnist=neyer_rob&amp;amp;id=2407313&amp;amp;action=login&amp;amp;appRedirect=http%3A%2F%2Finsider.espn.go.com%2Fmlb%2Finsider%2Fcolumns%2Fstory%3Fcolumnist%3Dneyer_rob%26id%3D2407313&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; ESPN.com terms a loss suffered by a pitcher in a quality start as a tough loss and a win earned by a pitcher in a non-quality start a cheap win.&lt;a href=&quot;http://207.56.97.150/articles/qstart.htm&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nolan Ryan has used the term &quot;High Quality Start&quot; for games where the pitcher goes seven innings or more and allows three earned runs or less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, as this quote states, the quality start statistic was brought about to point out when a pitcher might have lost, but still pitched a quality game, in which he could have, or even should have won.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Quality Start states that it is completed when a pitcher pitches &quot;AT LEAST&quot; 6 innings, while giving up no more than 3 runs.  So the reason it is retracted if he pitches a 7th or 8th inning and gives up a 4th run is because the rule does not simply state if he pitches 6 innings and gives up no more than 3 runs in those 6 innings, he gets a quality start, anything after that is gravy.  It simply states that to qualify for a quality start, you must pitch at least 6 innings, meaning you still can't give up a 4th run after the 6 innings have been completed.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://joeposnanski.com/all-you-never-wanted-to-know-quality-starts/&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An early criticism of the statistic, made by Moss Klein, writing in The Sporting News, is that a pitcher could conceivably meet the minimum requirements for a quality start and record a 4.50 ERA, seen as undesirable at the time. Bill James addressed this in his 1987 Baseball Abstract, saying the hypothetical example (a pitcher going exactly 6 innings and allowing exactly 3 runs) was extremely rare amongst starts recorded as quality starts, and that he doubted any pitchers had an ERA over 3.20 in their quality starts. This was later confirmed through computer analysis of all quality starts recorded from 1984 to 1991, which found that the average ERA in quality starts during that time period was 1.91.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_start#cite_note-5&quot;&gt;Quality Start&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T15:47:43.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10246" CreationDate="2015-05-07T11:17:22.803" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;I trained track and field when I was 13, but stopped at 15 due to excessive obligations. However, in the meantime I started karate, and it's really going well, but now I'm considering returning to track and field because I really love it and I have more time now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is, do I have a chance at becoming good in it? I'm 19 now, and while I was in T&amp;amp;F, my disciplines were the 100m and 200m dash. But I don't have to do the same disciplines. I was thinking switching to the 400m. And karate requires considerably less physical fitness than track and field, so my condition is probably far from perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is there a possibility of me getting any good results in track and field after all these years? I don't have any sports injuries or health issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9365" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T14:04:38.177" Title="Going back to track and field" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3811" CreationDate="2015-05-07T11:21:06.960" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also try strengthening your quadriceps, since they are the main driving force in block starts. There's an exercise for improving your starting strides:&#xA;Stand with your toes touching the line, then slowly lean forward like you're going to fall on your nose (something like MJ in Smooth Criminal :) )&#xA;Lean until it's time to start running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;YouTube is also a great resource for these exercises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9365" LastEditorDisplayName="user9365" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T16:30:07.877" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:30:07.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10244" CreationDate="2015-05-07T12:20:41.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends. You should try starting with some time of long-distrance run in order to improve your physical condition if needed, and then include some specific training progressively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But unfortunately, the years of training you missed are the one during the end of the puberty where the physical performance improves a lot...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to go back to sprint for fun or for competitive purposes ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2015-05-07T15:20:32.743" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T15:20:32.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10247" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10248" CreationDate="2015-05-07T14:54:30.543" Score="5" ViewCount="1726" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some baseball players will spend time between the minor and major leagues before getting firmly established in the major leagues. In the process of &quot;shuttling&quot; back and forth, the player can be sent back to the minor leagues by &quot;optioning&quot; him to the minor league team. There is a limited number of &quot;options.&quot; (If a player is out options, other teams can claim a player that has been sent to the minors before he gets there.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose you have a veteran who was injured, and then cured, and needs to play a few &quot;rehab&quot; games in the minors before coming to the majors. How can this veteran be sent to a minor league team without the &quot;optioning&quot; mechanism?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:25:29.587" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:25:29.587" Title="How do you send a veteran to a minor team without &quot;optioning&quot; him?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|milb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10247" CreationDate="2015-05-07T15:19:20.950" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Veterans playing minor league games is a standard part of the disabled list procedure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While a player is on the disabled list, he is eligible to play minor league games for up to 20  days (30 days for pitchers) on a rehabilitation assignment, after which he either needs to be reinstated or a waiver process must be completed in order for him to continue playing his rehab stint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players may be assigned to a minor-league club for injury rehabilitation for a maximum of 20 days (30 days for pitchers). (&lt;a href=&quot;http://indians.scout.com/story/569136-mlb-roster-rules?s=264&quot;&gt;Scout.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other options for getting veterans down to the minors are composed of the veteran being passed through waivers (a chance for any other team to claim him), and then he can be out righted off of the 40 man roster and given a minor league assignment (which veterans can refuse if they've already been out righted once). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="6" LastEditDate="2015-05-07T15:48:31.897" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T15:48:31.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10253" CreationDate="2015-05-08T11:24:33.223" Score="6" ViewCount="4260" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When a ball is batted in the air and then caught, but it was called a no ball (so they can't be dismissed caught), will the batting team score any regular runs of the ball they completed (and can they potentially be run out)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two similar situations happened in two different IPL matches, but was seemingly treated differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ball 19.5 of the second innings of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829769.html?innings=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;32nd IPL 2015 match between Mumbai Indians and Rajasthan Royals&lt;/a&gt;, there was a run-out after a no ball was caught (an additional run was also scored, the run-out happened when they attempted a second).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vinay Kumar to Binny, (no ball) 1 run, OUT, another full toss, in the air again and he's caught at long-on. This was definitely over the waist, and is called no-ball. Pollard doesn't realise that and throws the ball late, which makes Southee comes back for the second. But his throw is accurate and Vinay takes the bails off casually, catching Southee's bat short despite the dive. A no ball, a run, a run out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ball 19.4 of the first innings of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829743.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19th IPL 2015 match between Sunrisers Hyderabad and Kolkata Knight Riders&lt;/a&gt;, the ball was caught, but replays showed that it was above waist height and it was called a no ball, and in addition a run was scored. This was shown on televsion and CricBuzz and CricInfo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then in the innings break the score was adjusted, and as CricInfo says &quot;The target is 177, not 178. The run taken on the no-ball for height in the last over won't be taken into account as the catch was taken&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;UT Yadav to Rahul, 1 no ball, high full toss swung high over midwicket, long on runs in to his right to take it, but replays show that is just above waist height, and it is a no-ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPL actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/IPL/status/590854542272499713&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweeted&lt;/a&gt; about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was one of these two situations treated wrong, or am I misinterpreting or missing some extra information which makes the two situations different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9368" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T16:46:20.463" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T16:46:20.463" Title="Scoring runs when a no ball is caught" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10250" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-08T18:43:42.483" Score="3" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just started watching more table tennis with the use of ITTV. In sports, there are many competitions that muster the best athletes in the world: world series, superbowl, the olympics, tour de france, PGA Masters, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In table tennis, what is the largest ITTF event that is the equivalent to a superbowl, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-29T20:01:04.857" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T20:01:04.857" Title="In table tennis what is the largest ITTF tournament event of the year?" Tags="|table-tennis|tournaments|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10293" CreationDate="2015-05-08T21:15:10.690" Score="12" ViewCount="10329" Body="&lt;p&gt;In other sports, for example track and field athletics, the track is always oriented counter-clockwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why aren't Formula 1 tracks oriented similarly? (Maybe it's just me, but I find it much more convenient to make left turns than right turns.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation as to why my question is different than the one linked:&#xA;That question asks why tracks are oriented &lt;em&gt;clockwise&lt;/em&gt; in other sports, and to me the reasons for that are quite obvious and make sense. However, I was surprised about Formula 1 (and perhaps other car racing?) tracks being oriented &lt;em&gt;unusually&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9095" LastEditorDisplayName="user9095" LastEditDate="2015-05-12T07:38:46.563" LastActivityDate="2020-04-06T18:13:33.323" Title="Why are Formula 1 tracks usually oriented clockwise?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10333" CreationDate="2015-05-09T06:55:42.007" Score="4" ViewCount="52505" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few games ago Clayton Kershaw of the Dodgers scooped up a bunt down the first base line and pegged the runner square in the back who was just running straight down the baseline like anyone would.  The runner didn't otherwise in any way impede the defensive players, it was just a mistaken throw that hit the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the runner was immediately called out.  The first baseman never touched the ball.  Everyone including the announcers just understood it to be an out.  Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a catcher throws down to second base to get a guy trying to steal, and the ball hits the runner, he is not automatically out.  If the guy in right field throws a ball to third base and hits the runner sliding into third, he is not automatically out.  What then is the reasoning and rule that allows the guy running to first to be out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Edit: keywords so this information can be found: &quot;45-foot lane&quot;, &quot;runner's lane&quot;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T22:08:13.937" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T18:27:30.117" Title="Why is a baseball runner &quot;out&quot; when you hit him with the throw to first?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10249" CreationDate="2015-05-09T15:03:53.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Law on no-ball is available &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 14 says &quot;Any runs completed by the batsmen or any boundary allowance shall be credited to the striker if the ball has been struck by the bat; otherwise they shall also be scored as No ball extras.&quot; Therefore, they should have been awarded the completed runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They can be run out, according to the run out law (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;), where section says he cannot be run out &quot;if No ball has been called&#xA;and he is out of his ground not attempting a run&#xA;and the wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder.&quot;. However, in the cases above the batsman was attempting a run and was therefore fair game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T15:03:53.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10257" CreationDate="2015-05-09T18:13:56.090" Score="7" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this scenario: The top two teams in the Premier League are playing their last match of the season, and either team can win the league if they win their match and the other team doesn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do their opponents have to do everything they can to win, even if they have nothing to play for? Or can they ditch all their best players and not put any effort at all into winning? Are there any specific rules regarding this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9373" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T06:05:34.390" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T06:05:34.390" Title="Do football teams have to do their best to win?" Tags="|rules|football|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10252" CreationDate="2015-05-09T20:39:51.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a baseball field you will see a line to the side of the first base foul line. This is the runners lane. A runner my run to first any way he wants (ie inside the foul line, or in an arc on a base hit) but if he is out of the lane and hit by a throw, he is out. If he would have been hit and in the lane he would not be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is some controversy on this rule because you will notice the base it to the left of the foul line and the lane is to the right, meaning the runner would have to step to his left at the end to touch the base and stay in the runners lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T20:39:51.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10254" CreationDate="2015-05-09T22:30:44.580" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no rules regarding how good you have to play. It's almost impossible to measure or control such things.&#xA;But people tend not to like you if you do something like that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer on your scenario, it's impossible. Depends on who's playing who, are they in relegation zone? Can they qualify for Europe? Do they play the FA Cup final next week( then you give some key players rest if there's nothing else to gain from the game). Are they rivals? Is the other League winner their rival. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can't find it at the moment, but their was an instance Marseille supporters demanded of their team to lose because otherwise their rivals would become champion, I think it was for the &lt;strong&gt;Marseille-Montpellier&lt;/strong&gt; game in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, it's not that uncommon for teams who have nothing to gain anymore let the other team be. There are a few famous examples. In Dutch there is a word for it, &lt;em&gt;salonremise&lt;/em&gt;. Litteraly it means draw, but it's used for not only draws. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most notorious is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Disgrace of Gijón&lt;/a&gt;. It was even after this game FIFA put in place a rule so that the third game of the group stage have to be played simultaneously. West Germany needed a win to continue, and Austria would progress to if they only lost 1-0 or 2-0. West-Germany scored quickly and there after they just passed the ball along. Algeria was the victim of this &lt;em&gt;disgrace&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Sweden_football_rivalry&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denmark-Sweden 2-2 (EC 2004)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_12%E2%80%931_Malta&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spain-Malta 12-1 (ECQ 1983)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T22:30:44.580" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10264" CreationDate="2015-05-10T19:15:36.527" Score="6" ViewCount="3879" Body="&lt;p&gt;A guy steels second and slides perfectly such that his momentum takes him back upright standing calmly on second base.  The throw was a bit of a bobble and the second baseman is fumbling around on the ground while the ball comes to rest right up against the plate and the runner's foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner – standing safe on-top of the base – reaches down and (almost, but stopped himself at the last second) reaches down and picks up the ball to toss it over to the second baseman or just hand it to him, instinctively, like any kid playing in the backyard would.  No one else is on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would he have been called out for interference even though there was about zero chance of him advancing or gaining any advantage from it?  (If so, what is the enumerated rule that provides the wording and logic for this please.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that if a batter hits a ball, the base is no sanctuary, and if hit a runner will be out for interference, but in that case there is actual interference involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I saw a Padres runner almost do this a few days ago and just curious if he would have been called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(What about if the runner had called &quot;time-out&quot; first, and the second base umpire granted it.  THEN reached down to toss the ball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The assumption is that there is ZERO trickery or mental gamesmanship of any kind involved – maybe like lending a hand to help a player get up after a fall.  (Which is it's own unique question I suppose.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T01:13:37.830" Title="Runner on base touches a baseball: is that categorically &quot;interference&quot;?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9234" CreationDate="2015-05-10T20:12:22.880" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;As usual, the very excellent &lt;em&gt;The Knowledge&lt;/em&gt; series of &lt;em&gt;The Guardian&lt;/em&gt; has an answer. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/jan/28/theknowledge.sport&quot;&gt;January 28, 2004&lt;/a&gt; entry goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;On Sunday, Empoli drew 3-3 with Juventus, Tommaso Rocchi bagging a hat-trick for the home side, and David Trezeguet claiming all three goals for Juve,&quot; says Stuart Bruce. &quot;With the scorers of hat-tricks traditionally claiming the match ball, who gets to take it home in a situation like this? Has there ever been a situation of three or more players all with a valid claim to the match ball in any one match?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But, we have consulted with the FA stattos on this one and are told that though there are no rules, the convention would in all likelihood be that the first player to score a hat-trick would receive the match ball. Thus, as Rocchi completed his hat-trick in the 62nd minute, 14 minutes before Trezeguet made it 3-3, the Empoli striker should have be the one making space on his mantelpiece, which we hope is level or else the ball will keep rolling off it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As far as your second question goes Stuart, there are in fact several examples of three players scoring a hat-trick in one game. The last instance - which, incidentally, is also the last instance of a team scoring 10 goals in an English league game - comes from November 7 1987, when Manchester City beat Huddersfield Town 10-1 in the old Second Division. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2015-05-10T20:12:22.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10260" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-10T20:45:24.463" Score="3" ViewCount="6584" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_loser&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lucky loser&lt;/a&gt; used to be chosen as the highest ranked players among unsuccessful finalist of qualifying competition. Not so long ago ATP changed this rule in such way that lucky loser is chosen randomly from the highest ranked finalists. (Which means that no player can be sure that he will be lucky loser.) See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=586097&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for WTA tournaments? Is there a draw among highest ranked players  - as in ATP tournaments - or does the WTA still use the old system, i.e., the highest ranked finalist is automatically lucky loser (if there is a spot available).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-05-10T21:58:33.667" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T00:33:33.467" Title="How is lucky loser decided in WTA tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10258" CreationDate="2015-05-10T21:35:49.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first case, if a runner picks up a live ball, who is called out probably depends on what the play would have been. The most likely case is that the runner would indeed be out for interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the dead ball play, the runner could &lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt; pick up the ball, but it might irk everyone involved in a way that probably makes it imprudent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the first case, the exact &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule would&lt;/a&gt; be 7.8 and 7.9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.8 (l) has something to say about the case here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A play on him is being made and a member of his team (other than a runner) hinders a fielder’s attempt to field a thrown ball. See Rule 7.11. For interference by a runner, see Rule 7.08(b).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, if say it's a force play, and the second baseman drops the ball, but still has a play at first, if the runner picks up the ball, then the other runner would be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.9(e) also has something to say about this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any batter or runner who has just been put out, or any runner who has just scored, hinders or impedes any following play being made on a runner. Such runner shall be declared out for the interference of his teammate;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is basically a restatement of the previous rule I quoted, but it makes this case more explicit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the long story short is, if you're a runner and grab an in play ball when there is still a play available, both you and the runner will likely be called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've checked the logical places for a rule to be discussed about what a runner could do during a dead ball, and neither section 5 nor section 7 specifically call out any particular rule to this effect. However, I could see it going against an &amp;quot;unwritten&amp;quot; type of rule of which baseball has many (I don't know that it explicitly does). Typically a violation of unwritten rules are considered etiquette violations rather than having in game consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-05-10T21:35:49.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10258" CreationDate="2015-05-11T03:31:16.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that there was no-one else on base, my guess is the umpire would have to call him out. I reference rule 7.8 from the MLB rule book (link at the bottom of the post):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7.8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(B) He intentionally interferes with a thrown ball; or hinders a fielder attempting to make a play on a batted ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation falls under the first category (intentionally interfering with a thrown ball). Even though he doesn't gain an advantage, the rule does not provide an exception for that (and the comments under rule 7.8b are relevant to plays being attempted on a batted ball, and are not relevant to interference with a thrown ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comments for rule 7.8b, however, do provide interesting comments on your second scenario, where &quot;the base is no sanctuary&quot; for a batted ball. The comments on rule 7.8b say the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A runner who is adjudged to have hindered a fielder who is attempting&#xA;  to make a play on a batted ball is out whether it was intentional or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, however, the runner has contact with a legally occupied base when he hinders the fielder, he shall not be called out unless, in the umpire’s judgment, such hindrance, whether it occurs on fair or foul territory, is intentional. If the umpire declares the hindrance intentional, the following penalty shall apply: With less than two out, the umpire shall declare both the runner and batter out. With two out, the umpire shall declare the batter out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the ball was hit hard/fast enough that the player couldn't get out of the way, then it shouldn't be called intentional interference and the runner should be safe (if on a base). If the interference was intentional, then definitely out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7.9j also says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is interference by a batter or runner when -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(J)  He fails to avoid a fielder who is attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally interferes with a thrown ball, provided that if two or more fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the runner comes in contact with one or more of them, the umpire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the benefit of this rule, and shall not declare the runner out for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one the umpire determines to be entitled to field such a ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, the &quot;intentional interference with a thrown ball&quot; comes into play, just as in 7.8B. Rule 7.8 states the penalty for interference as: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The runner is out and the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this guy probably would have been out under the rules had he picked up the ball, even though no-one else was on and there was no advantage to be gained from it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is called dead (or time is called - effectively the same) anyone can touch the ball. You'll often see batters pick up a ball that was fouled straight down and drops right in front of the plate, or base coaches pick up balls and toss them to the crowd or ball boy/girl for slow hit balls that have been called foul. No penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T03:31:16.623" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10260" CreationDate="2015-05-11T04:59:31.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2015, lucky loser in the WTA tournaments is still determined as the highest ranked player. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 WTA Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;internet archive&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. DRAWS / 1. Singles Main Draw / a. Composition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;v. Lucky Losers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The criterion for determining Lucky Loser status is determined&#xA;  first by the highest ranked players (in descending&#xA;  order) who have lost in the final round of Qualifying. (The&#xA;  ranking used to determine the Lucky Loser order is the&#xA;  same ranking used to determine the Qualifying seeding.)*&#xA;  If more Lucky Losers are required, the same procedure is&#xA;  followed for players who have lost in the second-to-last&#xA;  round of Qualifying, in descending rank order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules changed in 2016. Here is an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2016.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 WTA Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160404142617/http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2016.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;internet archive&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. DRAWS / 1. Singles Main Draw / a. Composition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;v. Lucky Losers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... If there is one vacancy in the&#xA;  Main Draw before Qualifying is completed, then the order of&#xA;  the two (2) highest ranked Lucky Losers shall be randomly&#xA;  drawn, and thereafter the order shall follow the Lucky Losers’&#xA;  rankings, unless there are two (2) or more withdrawals at the&#xA;  time Qualifying is completed in which case the size of the random&#xA;  draw will be the number of withdrawals plus one (1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T14:27:54.553" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T14:27:54.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10258" CreationDate="2015-05-11T05:30:39.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a runner is just helping fetch a ball he is not performing any type of misconduct.  There is also no obstruction because what would be the obstruction?  He is on a base - so he is safe to that bag.  And the fielder doesn't have a play so again there is nothing to obstruct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rule to reference because there aren't rules for non-infractions.  If I were umping the game and I thought the player was trying to help I would simply just yell and ask him not to touch the ball.  If I thought he was trying to be a smartass or cause a disruption then I warn him then kick him out the next time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is clearly a dead ball situation.  In baseball a dead ball situation isn't just timeouts.  It is when there is no advantage for either team (think when would an umpire call time on his own).  Even a player smacking a glove with a ball in it while standing on base and not trying to move to next base, that would be hard to argue as obstruction.  Unsportsmanlike conduct yes but obstruction no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did find an example in rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Offensive interference is an act by a member of the team at bat which interferes with, obstructs, impedes, hinders or confuses any&#xA;fielder attempting to make a play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that interference may be caused by any member of the offensive&#xA;team. A batter, runner, base coach, player in the dugout, or in the&#xA;bullpen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note however, that the act of interference must be with a fielder&#xA;&amp;quot;ATTEMPTING TO MAKE A PLAY.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since in your example there were no plays to be made... then no interference/obstruction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addendum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7.8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(B) He intentionally interferes with a thrown ball; or hinders a&#xA;fielder attempting to make a play on a batted ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A runner who is adjudged to have hindered a fielder who is attempting&#xA;to make a play on a batted ball is out whether it was intentional or&#xA;not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that all of the rules mention that the fielder must be making a PLAY.  There is no PLAY if a runner is already safe to a bag and a fielder is watching the ball roll around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-rules.com/FAQs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball-rules.com&lt;/a&gt; for a full understanding - this is what I would send my new umps to when I chiefed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On a side note:&lt;/strong&gt;  I have seen offensive players go grab a ball hundreds of times over the years.  I have never even thought about calling interference on them.  Most just do it instinctively because they would do it at a practice - and until you hit major league level you have spent much more time practicing than in games.  This type of play is very very common in junior, high school, and college baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if I am the defensive player if I am smart I act nonchalant and stick out my glove to ask for the ball.  When he puts ball in my glove or flips it to me, I then slap a tag on him as quick as possible.  I have seen this at least once (clear memory of one time in a game I umped and possibly more).  If the runner doesn't ask for time and flips the ball to player, it is a live ball.  It is still not interference or obstruction unless he was trying to take off to the next bag.  The defensive player can slap a tag on him during this ball shagging and the player can be called out.  Also as an umpire I would probably not grant a timeout to a player who has already stepped off the bag to shag a ball.  He is not in a neutral situation so I would make him return to bag before granting this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:07:11.113" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-11T09:10:54.777" Score="6" ViewCount="3571" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10260/how-is-lucky-loser-decided-in-wta-tournaments&quot;&gt;This question&lt;/a&gt; made me wonder if a &quot;lucky loser&quot; has ever won a big tournament (ATP, WTA etc.)? If it has happened, is there some kind of overview of all the players that did so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T12:02:57.687" Title="Has a &quot;lucky loser&quot; ever won an ATP or WTA tournament?" Tags="|tennis|records|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10267" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10268" CreationDate="2015-05-11T11:46:04.123" Score="2" ViewCount="817" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are a Minor's Division team (9 &amp;amp; 10 year olds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to rotate between my two pitchers by inning. I pitched my first kid for an inning, switched kids and pitched the second one for an inning. On the third inning I tried to have my first kid pitch again, but the other team manager said that was against the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule states (regulation VI, part B):&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;A pitcher once removed from the mound cannot return as a pitcher.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did I 'remove the pitcher from the mound' when I tried to rotate them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9379" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:16:02.053" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:16:02.053" Title="Little League pitching rule clarification please" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10267" CreationDate="2015-05-11T12:11:44.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Removing a pitcher from the mound is any action where the pitcher &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; the pitcher, and is now &lt;em&gt;no longer&lt;/em&gt; the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that this is a place (among many), where Little League departs from MLB rules. In MLB rules you can take a pitcher off the mound, make him a field player, and then bring him back to the mound. However, because Little League has free substition, this could (and would) cause managers to abuse pitching changes in a way that isn't keeping with the spirit of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, once a kid has pitched in a little league game, they can't pitch again in that same game, even if they stay out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T12:11:44.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10269" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10270" CreationDate="2015-05-11T13:55:39.197" Score="4" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman while facing a spin bowler is coming down the track, misses the ball and tries to make it back to the crease. The wicket-keeper fumbles and hence delays stumping the batsman. Meanwhile, the batsman reaches the crease and disturbs the stumps with his bat in the process. Now, will it be given as hit-wicket? Remember, disturbing the stumps when trying to make your ground while taking a run is not hit-wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3415" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T14:16:32.730" Title="Hit wicket or not?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10269" CreationDate="2015-05-11T14:16:32.730" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The law is very clear - see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&lt;/a&gt; - section 2 has clause 3, which says it is not out when &quot;it occurs when he is trying to avoid being run out or stumped.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T14:16:32.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1991" CreationDate="2015-05-11T14:38:02.477" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say something rarely mentioned about the sports themselves : scoring is low in football, but high in rugby and basket and many others sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, a small mistake can rarely change the complete outcome of a game in rugby or in basket : to make a team win, the referee generally has to be partial during the whole game ; but in football, a very tiny error and the winner can change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this, I think, explains a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2016-03-13T10:53:55.843" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T10:53:55.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10303" CreationDate="2015-05-12T07:59:24.373" Score="4" ViewCount="8897" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the main differences of Yonex Mavis 350, 370 and 2000 plastic shuttlecocks?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every type has nylon in &lt;strong&gt;two colours&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;white&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;yellow&lt;/strong&gt;, what is the purpose of this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It says that Mavis 2000 series have the closest resemblance to feathers, but which type to which type, meaning: &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;green 2000&lt;/strong&gt; equivalent to Yonex feather, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;blue 2000&lt;/strong&gt; to Yonex feather and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;red 2000&lt;/strong&gt; to Yonex feather.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9383" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T20:03:34.693" LastActivityDate="2023-02-04T19:07:10.270" Title="Main differences in Mavis shuttlecocks" Tags="|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10275" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-12T08:03:19.553" Score="7" ViewCount="8487" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Major League Baseball, a few days before each game, each team typically announces a &quot;probable&quot; starting pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule requiring them to do so, or is it simply a matter of tradition or courtesy to opponents and fans?  One might think teams could get a competitive advantage by keeping this secret.  (Certainly with traditional pitching rotations, it's usually easy to guess who will pitch a given game, but not always, and there are variations.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-05-12T13:41:33.503" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T06:48:21.630" Title="Does any rule require MLB teams to announce probable pitchers?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2015-05-12T08:49:37.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You know, there is no need to do that. As &lt;strong&gt;phihag&lt;/strong&gt; pointed it out, badminton is to fast to play that way. Moreover, if you do that, you will create a very bad habit and it will be very difficult to break it down later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9383" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T08:49:37.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9085" CreationDate="2015-05-12T08:55:06.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watch before as this may be managed not by the national FA but by a local league for bginners, as it is the case in France for example. You'll maybe need your club's support, for example for what is related to the refereeing jerseys and kits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All leagues require a theorical test about Laws Of The Game and some require a physical test which may be the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper_test&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cooper test&lt;/a&gt; of the Werner-Helsen one. Keep training and running then !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T08:55:06.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10289" CreationDate="2015-05-12T09:39:08.043" Score="2" ViewCount="16617" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule to understand when a shot is an &quot;unforced error&quot; or a &quot;winner&quot; in a objective meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2015-05-12T13:32:09.713" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T05:34:21.040" Title="Rules to determine &quot;unforced errors&quot; and &quot;winners&quot; in tennis?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-05-13T07:25:56.600" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10278" CreationDate="2015-05-12T12:17:46.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that, roughly : An &lt;strong&gt;unforced error&lt;/strong&gt; is when a player shoots the ball and sends it out of the field or in the net, and if this error comes &quot;only&quot; from &lt;em&gt;poor judgement&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;execution&lt;/em&gt; from the player . A &lt;strong&gt;winner&lt;/strong&gt; is when a player shoots the ball so that he wins the point on this shoot (the opponent &lt;em&gt;does not reach the ball&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a written rule for it, as this may be only used for statistical purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT : Maybe this question will be closed as this seems to be a duplicate of this one : &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2626/when-does-a-point-count-as-a-winner-and-when-as-unforced-error?rq=1&quot;&gt;When does a point count as a winner and when as unforced error?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T13:17:35.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10281" CreationDate="2015-05-12T12:42:37.323" Score="6" ViewCount="12306" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules that apply when a player makes a double hit ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9383" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2015-05-22T12:23:45.513" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T18:08:08.277" Title="Badminton, double hit by one player, new rules?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10280" CreationDate="2015-05-12T13:43:16.520" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a foul if the player hits the shuttlecock twice in row, except in the case it touches the racket head and the strings in the same shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.3.8 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one&#xA;  stroke shall not be a &quot;fault&quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source (in French, sorry : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badminton-web.fr/badminton/regles-badminton.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.badminton-web.fr/badminton/regles-badminton.php&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T21:48:23.597" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T21:48:23.597" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1121" CreationDate="2015-05-12T15:00:57.097" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another reason this rule exists is maybe for the media : If any player could participate, the football tournament would be taking a lot of mediatic place, to the detriment of the other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T15:00:57.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10283" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-12T15:58:13.203" Score="4" ViewCount="1006" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently a strange situation happened in one of our cricket matches. Just wondering if you can help me in understanding the rule.&#xA;The batsman willfully extended his hand towards the ball while facing it. The ball hit him on Elbow of the hand (not holding the bat). I am sure he was &quot;Handling the ball&quot;, had it hit his palm. But since it hit the elbow, is it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Considered as deliberate padding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handling the ball as the rule says &quot;Hand&quot; and does not specifically mentions &quot;Palm or Elbow of hand&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am ruling out &quot;Obstructing the field&quot;, since that comes after the fielder has fielded the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is handling the ball, then what happens in a case where batman uses his elbow to stop the ball from going to stumps after hitting it. Is that allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9386" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T14:51:26.573" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T14:51:26.573" Title="Can a batsman use elbow to stop the ball" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10284" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10286" CreationDate="2015-05-12T16:17:00.563" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All players of a foursome tee-off. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All four players hit their second shot from the location of the best drive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The group continues playing from the location of whoever has the best shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However, at least 1 shot from each of the four players must be used each hole.  (But I suppose it's just understood that only 3 players would be used on a par 3 hole.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that was just &quot;match play&quot;, but definitions vary.  I'm wondering if there is a specific name for that exact type of match play, and is there a known origin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T16:38:21.620" Title="What is the name and origin of this golf format?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10283" CreationDate="2015-05-12T16:37:58.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hi as an umpire its got to be no 1, deliberately padding the ball.  You would allow play to continue and then as soon as the ball becomes dead or the batsmen have completed a single run call and signal dead ball disallowing any runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he was doing so to avoid injury he would be allowed the runs.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-26-bye-and-leg-bye/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 26&lt;/a&gt; covers the situations around leg byes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 34&lt;/a&gt; covers the situation you describe about stopping the ball from hitting the wicket.  He is allowed to do so, however he may not score any runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T16:37:58.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10284" CreationDate="2015-05-12T16:38:21.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sounds like a scramble&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.about.com/cs/golfterms/g/bldef_scramble.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golftips.golfsmith.com/4-man-scramble-golf-1855.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A scramble fulfills the first three requirements you list above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;All players of a foursome tee-off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;All four players hit their second shot from the location of the best drive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The group continues playing from the location of whoever has the best shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth requirement, &quot;at least 1 shot from each of the four players must be used each hole,&quot; may be a variation of a scramble. I haven't found it in a specific scramble format, but the second source I reference states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another variation is to not allow any player's shot to be used twice&#xA;  in a row. This eliminates a team's ability to rely solely on one&#xA;  standout player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as a known origin, I have not been able to locate anything so far, but I will look into this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T16:38:21.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10278" CreationDate="2015-05-13T05:34:21.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a clear cut definition for a &lt;strong&gt;Winner&lt;/strong&gt; statistic. If Player A hits the ball &amp;amp; Player B is unable to touch it with his racquet before the ball bounces twice,&#xA;then it's a &lt;strong&gt;Winner&lt;/strong&gt; for Player A. A &lt;strong&gt;Service Winner&lt;/strong&gt; is another name for &lt;strong&gt;Ace&lt;/strong&gt;. So this statistic is very objective.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when it comes to &lt;strong&gt;Unforced Error&lt;/strong&gt;, the decision is purely subjective. It depends of the situation. If Player A&#xA;hits the ball in the middle of the court &amp;amp; Player B has ample time to play the shot but sends it out or into the net, then it's an &lt;strong&gt;Unforced Error&lt;/strong&gt;. However, if Player B is on the run while playing the shot &amp;amp; sends it out or into the net then it would not count as an &lt;strong&gt;Unforced Error&lt;/strong&gt; but rather &lt;strong&gt;Forced Error&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;So this statistic is purely subjective.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ofcourse, no official rules. They are mere statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T05:34:21.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10348" CreationDate="2015-05-13T12:29:23.210" Score="-8" ViewCount="5562" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which &lt;em&gt;widely-played&lt;/em&gt; sport has the most active &lt;em&gt;players&lt;/em&gt; globally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &lt;em&gt;widely-played&lt;/em&gt;, I mean played in at least ten countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &lt;em&gt;players&lt;/em&gt;, I mean both professional and amateur players who play in an organised competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T11:20:18.080" LastActivityDate="2015-05-28T06:12:09.377" Title="Which sport has the most players?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10251" CreationDate="2015-05-13T13:38:24.823" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply put, &lt;em&gt;it's their age-old tradition&lt;/em&gt;.  In fact, many Europeans ask why North American race circuits are all but universally “anti-clockwise”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origins of the various traditions are seemingly complex, and certainly debatable, but as I understand it late 1700s American horse racing power brokers purposefully created a US standard of left-turn-only racing, in defiance to England's centuries long right-hand standard.  Then later America doubled-down and did the same exact thing with field and track.  Olympic standards went back and forth in the early days of the modern Olympic era, but world pressure to standardize one way or the other happened to fall in a pro-American era, and basically the world adopted the American left-only standard for track and field – as I understand it - and this in turn influenced just about every other 'rotational sport', if you will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then later still, America adopted the German left-side automobile standard, and roadways, and this led to the natural adoption of left-hand race circuits here, and I believe that bit is actually well documented – why left-hand wheeled cars race turning mostly left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All the while right handed race circuits never lost hold in Europe, from a time before automobiles.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germans invented automobiles as we know them, and the French invented the Grand Prix format, so one would think they would have also went with left-handed race circuits (both F1 and MotoGP - and all their precursors), but apparently they stuck with the old-school right hand turn standard, which was helped considerably by the fact that certain infrastructure was already built.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: A Brit will no doubt summarize this all quite different: ~&lt;em&gt;“Brits invented the standards in motorsport that all of Europe now uses.”&lt;/em&gt; : )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Romans used a sun dial.  A post sticking up in the Northern hemisphere, as the sun moves across the sky East to West, the shadow moves “clockwise” around the dial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(So basically I have no idea what I'm talking about, but your question hasn't been answered so I'm giving it a go with this &quot;straw man&quot; post.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“it's simply their age-old tradition”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and you fill in the blanks as to why that is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T13:38:24.823" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8693" CreationDate="2015-05-13T13:39:21.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ATP World Tour / Challenger&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/20E5AA6B543C4E0CB7BD177759423CC5.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;section 7&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, the following restrictions apply for male players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7.02 Entries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A. Gender / Age Limitation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ATP will use the age of a player on the first (1st) day of the&#xA;  qualifying competition. Male players age sixteen (16) or older are not&#xA;  limited in the number of tournaments they may enter. Players under the&#xA;  age of sixteen (16) are subject to the following entry restrictions in&#xA;  ATP World Tour or ATP Challenger Tour tournaments (includes entry as a&#xA;  wildcard):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Male players under the age of fourteen (14) shall not be eligible for entry into any ATP World Tour or ATP Challenger Tour tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Male players aged fourteen (14) shall be eligible for entry into a maximum of eight (8) ATP World Tour or ATP Challenger Tour&#xA;  tournaments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Male players aged fifteen (15) shall be eligible for entry into a maximum of twelve (12) ATP World Tour and ATP Challenger Tour&#xA;  tournaments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9394" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T13:39:21.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10266" CreationDate="2015-05-13T14:13:02.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those players have won an ATP tournament as a lucky loser:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Heinz Gunthardt (Springfield 1978)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bill Scanlon (Maui 1978)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Francisco Clavet (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Dutch_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hilversum 1990&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Christian Miniussi (Sao Paulo 1991)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sergiy Stakhovsky (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_PBZ_Zagreb_Indoors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zagreb 2008&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rajeev Ram (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Newport 2009&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andrey Rublev (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Croatia_Open_Umag_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Umag 2017&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leonardo Mayer (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/hamburg/414/draws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hamburg 2017&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marco Cecchinato (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gazprom_Hungarian_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Budapest 2018&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-29T16:34:18.777" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T16:34:18.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10275" CreationDate="2015-05-13T17:56:49.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule requiring a team to announce its probable pitcher. Nothing is official until the manager submits his lineup to the umpire before the game begins. But as you said, it is usually very easy to guess who will pitch given the traditional 5-man rotation system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9396" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T17:56:49.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8677" CreationDate="2015-05-13T20:25:40.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well the movement in bowling comes specifically from the shoulder, so I would say you have good chances of improving your bowling skills, or at least bowling strength( and strength in general) by doing shoulder press, using dumbells, machines, and plates. Forward arm circles also will work your shoulders out. Forearm strength may also be a factor, which can be attained by chin ups, curls, and dead lifts. As for legs, barbell squats, leg press, and bodyweight squats and lunges will build your quadriceps, which are also a main muscle for bowling and in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9397" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T20:25:40.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10291" CreationDate="2015-05-13T20:29:22.973" Score="-10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball. What else could it be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9397" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T20:29:22.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-14T19:11:02.017" Score="2" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;While brushing up on &quot;third out, run counts&quot; rules and &quot;fourth outs&quot; the following came to my mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 1 out could a scenario arise where one runner comes in, run counts, and second runner comes in, run does not count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I consider scenarios, think I've got the answer, and then....nothing. It seems possible but I can't figure when.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9402" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T06:52:41.590" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T06:52:41.590" Title="Is there a [possible] scenario in which the first run counts but the next one does not?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10280" CreationDate="2015-05-14T19:48:48.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According the official &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20June%202016%20Revised%202.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAWS OF BADMINTON&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, set by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://bwfbadminton.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton World Federation&lt;/a&gt;, chapter 13 is affected: &lt;em&gt;FAULTS&lt;/em&gt;. Here the different situations are outlined when it is considered a 'fault' and in paragraph 13.3.8 the &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fzGri.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following about that is mentioned&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;13. FAULTS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It shall be a 'fault':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;13.3 If in play, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13.3.8 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a 'fault'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="24342" LastEditDate="2022-09-16T18:08:08.277" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T18:08:08.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10274" CreationDate="2015-05-14T20:23:34.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let met start by saying that a plastic shuttle cock (until now) can never match the shuttle flight / behavior of a feather shuttle cock. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As for the different types (title), this indicates the apparent quality different by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonex.com/sports/badminton/products/badminton/shuttlecocks/nylon-shuttlecocks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yonex&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yellow is added for visibility purposes, especially against contrasting back ground colors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The different colors that are used on the cork, indicate the speed of the shuttle. Green being slow, blue being average and red being fast. This is best compared to the different speeds the feather shuttle cocks have: 77, 78, 79 etc. See this answer I gave on that topic: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2890/1455&quot;&gt;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2890/1455&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Comparing it to a feather shuttle cock makes no sense. Perhaps that's better answered by Yonex themselves.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: I'm not affiliated to the vendor mentioned in this post.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1455" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-05-14T20:23:34.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10301" CreationDate="2015-05-15T00:33:08.763" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, with a &lt;em&gt;”time play”&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario&lt;/strong&gt;:  Bases loaded, one out.  The batter hits a short-hop to the second baseman, who tags second base to get out #2, then he throws to home (because he gets confused, or thinks he can't turn the double play at first) but it's a wild throw and the run scores.  The catcher gathers the ball and then throws back to second base because the batter is trying to get there and he throws him out for out #3 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;just before&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the runner originating from second base crosses home plate.  This would be a &lt;em&gt;'time play'&lt;/em&gt; and the first run would count and the second would not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2015-05-15T01:56:27.663" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T01:56:27.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10301" CreationDate="2015-05-15T02:03:37.590" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No this is not at all possible. There are basically two different situations that can occur to end an inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A force out in which no runs that previously scored will count.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A tag out where any runs that score prior to the out will count.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am interpreting your question to mean can two players cross the plate during play and only one run count, the answer is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now obviously a player could cross home after a tag out as @ipso has noted. If you are talking about during the actual play, this has no application. It is not necessarily clear if you mean during play or simply crossing the plate, because many players could cross home and not count if we don't limit the situation to during play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can get into little things such as base runner interference which when simplified will basically boil down to the two above scenarios. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T02:03:37.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-15T06:18:27.563" Score="1" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, I have bought a Fischer racket ( it doesn't matter which type ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has a very nice sorb tack ( like a grip ), very firm, really nice to be touch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if it is necessary to buy some overgrips to put over this sorb tack?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it reduce the firmness of the sorb tack? Will it offer me some advantages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6124" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-05-16T05:37:03.987" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T05:39:16.230" Title="it is required to add an overgrip on a Fischer sorb tack" Tags="|equipment|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11933" CreationDate="2015-05-15T16:52:19.637" Score="5" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I am interested in a player's personal contribution to the game. Therefore, I want to compare the team's performance when he is on the field versus when he is not on the field. I believe that it originates from basketball, but it can obviously be extended to other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player plays 12 minutes out of a 48 minutes NBA match. In the time he is on the field, the score is 25-20 for his team. In the other 36 minutes, the score is 70-70. So, his team is performing '5 points better per 12 minutes' when he is on the field. After rescaling to full match time, the statistic would be +20 for this player in this hypothetical match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a statistic that describes this effect or any one closely related? If not, could you explain why this statistic is not of interest? Personally, I think it says a lot about a player that cannot be counted explicitly, for example defensive positioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T15:38:07.020" Title="What is this (basketball) statistic called?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-05-16T02:08:10.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all levels of cricket, it's a courtesy to the scorers and the media (if any) to specify a batting order and a wicket-keeper before the match, but it is not binding during the match.  (The designation of the captain, however, is binding.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particular example is from the World Cup, where teams operate with a predefined squad of 15.  So the preprinted sheets ensure that the playing XI and the substitutes are chosen from the set of permitted players.  The batting order is an added convenience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T02:08:10.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10307" CreationDate="2015-05-16T05:39:16.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you like the way the current grip feels - there is no need to put any overgrip on top of the grip. Overgrips generally just improve tackiness, absorb moisture (sweat) and preserve the condition of the replacement grip - but they are not necessary or a requirement for playing with the racquet. You could experiement by trying out an overgrip you like and then take it off if you don't feel like it improves the feel of the grip. Overgrips are usually available to buy in packs of 3 and fairly inexpensive - $5-10 USD or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T05:39:16.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10311" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-16T11:15:50.287" Score="4" ViewCount="880" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rankings are used for several purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players in entry list for main draw and for qualification are ordered based on ranking. In entry list a cut-off is made to decide which players go directly into main draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeding in qualification is based on ranking.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeding in the actual tournament is based on ranking.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/540/how-do-tennis-players-get-into-tournaments&quot;&gt;How do tennis players get into tournaments?&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Qualifying starts earlier than main tournament. Players sign in for a tournament even earlier. It seems that different version of rankings are used for these purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_French_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this years French Open&lt;/a&gt; starts on May 24. I do not have any official source, but I have read on some fora that ranking from April 13 were used for the entry list, ranking from May 11 are used for deciding seeds in qualifying and rankings from May 18 are going to be used to decide seeded players in the main draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there some general rules which decide which edition of rankings is used for which purposes? For example, is the ranking for entry list always the ranking 6 weeks before the tournament? Is the ranking used to decide seeds always the ranking one week before the tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are some differences between Grand Slams, ATP Tournaments, WTA Tournaments and lover level competitions. Therefore I am asking mainly about Grand Slams. (But it would be also interesting to know whether rules for other tournaments are similar.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T13:57:44.073" Title="Which edition of rankings is used for which purpose on Grand Slam tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10312" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10378" CreationDate="2015-05-16T17:18:43.443" Score="3" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;An inexpensive (Barnett Sportflight) archery set I bought includes this little piece, about 1.5 inches long.  Can anybody tell me what it is for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/st076.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;archery piece&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9409" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T00:16:33.543" Title="What is this piece of archery equipment for?" Tags="|equipment|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10318" CreationDate="2015-05-16T21:38:36.053" Score="1" ViewCount="1449" Body="&lt;p&gt;The name, &quot;Bruin&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And is it reasonable to assume the first had some influence on the naming of the second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Or is there a Bruin sports team that predates both?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-18T20:16:57.780" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T20:16:57.780" Title="Which came first: Boston Bruins, or UCLA Bruins?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|collegiate|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10314" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10344" CreationDate="2015-05-16T21:51:39.863" Score="5" ViewCount="15228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a team out there still in existence (that paid its players as professionals) before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Red_Stockings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cincinnati Red Stockings&lt;/a&gt; of 1869?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I suppose there was nothing happening professionally earlier in South America, so the title really should be in “The Americas” - no?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: the original Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were professional, but were “barn stormers”, traveling around as a kind of traveling circus, selling tickets and playing locals.  They were 57-0.  That team eventually became the MLB Cincinnati Reds, however, four of the team's players moved to Boston and started a team called the Boston Red Stockings, who changed their name to the Beaneaters, then to the Braves.  Then moved to Milwaukee in 1953, and then Atlanta in 1966.  So the MLB Atlanta Braves also have a kind of secondary claim, since I think one of those four players was the manager of the 1869 team mentioned above – so I'm not sure who “retained rights” of that well documented first (?) professional team.  (Or is there an earlier professional team in another sport?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Online articles talk about such things within baseball, but I'm asking this about all of sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was growing up everyone said the Chicago Cubs were the oldest, but I'm just finding all this out now about these other teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe someone can reference an article that sorts all this out, and ultimately can definitively answer the question as worded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T11:19:53.433" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T07:33:14.980" Title="What is the oldest professional sports team in North America?" Tags="|history|mlb|international-sports|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10315" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10317" CreationDate="2015-05-16T22:46:33.463" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine that with one out and all bases loaded, the batter hits a fly ball that is caught out by the left outfielder. However, due to negligence, only the runner on second base remembers to tag up. The ball is then thrown to third base, beating the runner from 2nd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the batter being caught out, there are then two outs. However, it appears that the throw to third simultaneously doubles off the runner from third base and forces out the runner from second base. Since there can only be three outs per inning, one of the outs would not &quot;count&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: which would be the official third out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9411" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T00:25:45.247" Title="Which out would not count here?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10315" CreationDate="2015-05-17T00:02:26.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the outfielder caught the fly for the second out, and the runner on second tagged up properly, he is not forced out on third – he would have to be tagged out on third for him to be out.  If he was tagged, he would have been the third out.  That out would “come first” relative to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the tag was missed, and the third baseman touched the base with the ball, I believe he would have to “appeal” to the umpire.  And assuming the umpire agreed that the third base runner at time-of-pitch did not tag up properly, then the out would be awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T00:02:26.060" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10313" CreationDate="2015-05-17T00:27:35.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b196001&amp;amp;type=Builder&amp;amp;page=bio&amp;amp;list=ByName#photo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Hockey Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt;, the Boston Bruins began play in 1924.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://alumni.ucla.edu/share/ucla-history/traditions.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UCLA Alumni Association&lt;/a&gt; (click Mascot), UCLA adopted the Bruin as their mascot in 1926, having been previously known as the Cubs (1919) and the Grizzlies (1924).  The Cubs were selected as the original mascot because the university was orginally the Southern Branch of UC Berkeley, who were known as the Bears.  (The bear was well established as a symbol of the state of California and appears on the state flag.)  They apparently switched to Grizzlies to try to get from under the shadow of Berkeley while retaining the &quot;bear&quot; imagery.  In 1926, when UCLA joined the Pacific Coast Conference, the University of Montana was already the Grizzlies, so UCLA changed to the Bruins - yet another word for &quot;bear&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible they were influenced by the name of the Boston hockey team, but it also could be simply a logical progression.  I don't think the term &quot;bruin&quot; for a bear (coming from Dutch, I believe) is so obscure as to make it improbable that two organizations could independently select it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T00:27:35.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-17T10:01:51.863" Score="2" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;While running a single run in cricket, If the non striker does not leave the crease and the striker reaches the other end and a fielder hits the non striker stumps, Is anyone out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9413" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T21:22:56.193" Title="Run Out:which batsman is run out" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-05-18T11:16:42.210" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10322" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-17T17:02:55.187" Score="0" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a Masahiro Tanaka game last year and he got out of a men on 2nd and 3rd with no outs jam by striking out the first two batters. He just kept throwing his &quot;out pitch&quot; and they just kept missing exactly the same way. And all the batters knew that even just the runner on 3rd scoring is valuable cause it was 1-1 or 1-0 or 0-0 (I forgot) after a few innings. What's the chance of an average MLB SP doing that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9416" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T14:24:07.723" Title="What's the chance of 6 swings and misses in a row using only your SO pitch?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|pitching|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10324" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-18T02:01:02.327" Score="1" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a pitcher is in the wind-up and the ball falls forward out of his hand towards home plate during the pitch is it a ball? or a balk?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9417" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T09:48:58.997" Title="Is this Ball or Balk?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10330" CreationDate="2015-05-18T08:27:47.707" Score="3" ViewCount="20998" Body="&lt;p&gt;All 30 parks.  Make assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking if the Right Field value is quite a bit lower, THAT is the reason why left handed hitters &lt;em&gt;“hit better”&lt;/em&gt; with low and inside pitches – something announcers oft repeat over the decades but no one has ever &lt;em&gt;yet&lt;/em&gt; explained why (in my experience) and the interwebs are withholding the information just to mess with us, so we'll have to solve it for ourselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T13:29:12.300" Title="What is the average Left Field vs. Right Field fence distance in MLB?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7421" CreationDate="2015-05-18T08:32:59.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can be sure that you will throw your faster discs further than your putters, but actually the farthest disc will be the disc that is most suitable with your arm speed and technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore in discgolf the distance is not the only thing you should be worried about, very important thing is also accuracy and stability. Usually slower discs have less fade in the end and provide more stable results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a novice I recommend throwing something in speed of 6 or 7. Very popular disc is Innova Teebird, it is most used fairway driver and is very stable and accurate. Your Cheetah should be okay also. You should not move to a faster disc until you can throw these disc constantly more than 300-330 feet. You will probably throw these disc as far as any faster disc like speed 11 anyways. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you start to get more advanced and have more speed in arm, you are able to throw faster discs further, but that will take time and practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check this video out, it will guide you through about which driver you should be using. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvpdTf_FjjM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvpdTf_FjjM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3660" LastEditorUserId="3660" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T08:45:28.750" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T08:45:28.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10334" CreationDate="2015-05-18T17:12:43.130" Score="11" ViewCount="12643" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading an article in FiveThirtyEight a few months back which described the NBA as one of the most lopsided leagues in North America. By that it meant that the same teams tended to be successful, and you could come close to predicting which teams were likely to win a championship before the season even started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second on that list was the MLB. When you look across the MLB it's very easy to identify a handful of power-houses who usually do well, and then half the league who is written off from the very start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Logically speaking, this seems to be a major problem because the entire league becomes more about which owner has the most money, and less about which team is actually managed and performs the best. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it exactly that the MLB hasn't implemented a salary cap yet? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T12:20:18.670" Title="Why doesn't the MLB implement a salary cap?" Tags="|mlb|finances|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10328" CreationDate="2015-05-18T18:10:12.700" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple answer, the MLB and the MLBPA don't want a salary cap.  It isn't proven that a salary cap would make things any more competitive.  In terms of data, in the NBA for example, it has seemed to make things slightly less competitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past 30 years, 19 different teams have won the World Series. In comparison, only 14 different teams won the NFL Super Bowl, 13 won the NHL Stanley Cup and 8 won the NBA championship in that same time frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only sport in that group to not have a salary cap is MLB.  So it shows, at least in terms of championships, that while the big money teams do have a better chance, it doesn't always matter, and there is certainly more parity in terms of who can win it all in MLB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salary_cap#Major_League_Baseball_.28luxury_tax.29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of a salary cap, Major League Baseball implements a luxury tax (also called a competitive balance tax), an arrangement in which teams whose total payroll exceeds a certain figure (determined annually) are taxed on the excess amount in order to discourage large market teams from having a substantially higher payroll than the rest of the league. The tax is paid to the league, which then puts the money into its industry-growth fund.[20][21]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team that goes over the luxury tax cap for the first time in a five-year period pays a penalty of 22.5% of the amount they were over the cap, second-time violators pay a 30% penalty, and teams that exceed the limit three or more times pay a 50% penalty from 2013 onwards. There is also an incentive to lower payroll; if in any year a team goes under the threshold, the penalty rate decreases to 17.5%, 25% or 40% (depending on prior record over the previous five years) for the next time the tax is paid, which will apply from 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cap limit for 2011-2013 is $178 million, and for 2014-2016 $189 million.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://capone.mtsu.edu/jee/2011/fall/5_MS1011-pp45to56.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this paper:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We find no evidence in our data to suggest that salary caps have helped competitive balance, measured as the variation in wins between the best and worst teams in a league in a given year, in professional sports. Further, there is some indication that the introduction of the salary cap in the NBA is associated with a significant decrease in competitive balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T21:46:38.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10326" CreationDate="2015-05-18T18:29:34.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://thumbnails.visually.netdna-cdn.com/baseballs-many-physical-dimensions_53344ca673751.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this graphic&lt;/a&gt;, as of 2014, the average Left Field wall sits about 331 Feet from Home Plate, while the average Right Field wall sits about 328 Feet from Home Plate.  So basically they are about the same distance, I wouldn't think it'd give either side much more of an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB does state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The distance from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction on fair territory shall be 250 feet or more. A distance of 320 feet or more along the foul lines, and 400 feet or more to center field is preferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Obr1G.png&quot; alt=&quot;Stadium Graphics&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2015-05-19T13:29:12.300" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T13:29:12.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10332" CreationDate="2015-05-18T21:08:17.977" Score="8" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has anyone won an olympic gold medal without also setting the fastest time in the competition? For example someone else might have set a faster time in the heats, but lost or been disqualified in the (slower) final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9420" LastEditorUserId="15658" LastEditDate="2021-09-01T21:28:56.247" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T21:28:56.247" Title="Has anyone won an olympic gold without setting the fastest time in the competition?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10331" CreationDate="2015-05-18T21:19:03.987" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres&quot;&gt;men's 1500m at the 2012 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdalaati_Iguider&quot;&gt;Abdalaati Iguider&lt;/a&gt; ran 3:34.00 in the 2nd semi-final. The final was won by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoufik_Makhloufi&quot;&gt;Taoufik Makhloufi&lt;/a&gt; in a time of 3:34.08.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_5000_metres&quot;&gt;men's 5000m&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Farah&quot;&gt;Mo Farah&lt;/a&gt; won with a time of 13:41.66, a time which would have placed him in the middle of the field in either of the heats. The fastest time was &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejen_Gebremeskel&quot;&gt;Dejen Gebremeskel&lt;/a&gt; at 13:15.15, 25s quicker than the winning time in the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your criteria are also met in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_1500_metres&quot;&gt;women's 1500m&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_5000_metres&quot;&gt;women's 5000m&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3000_metres_steeplechase&quot;&gt;men's 3000m steeplechase&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given how easy it was to find those (I just started with the track and field events at the most recent Olympics and worked up through the distances), I suspect this is a not uncommon occurrence, particularly in the longer distance events where races can be more tactical. In particular, the &quot;fastest &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt; losers qualify&quot; rule will tend to force qualifying rounds to be quick to give athletes the best chance of making the finals, but there's no such pressure in the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T21:25:11.540" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T21:25:11.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10252" CreationDate="2015-05-18T22:04:10.313" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the last-half of the distance to first base, a runner should not step inside the foul line, for if a fielder makes a throw parallel down the line to first, it is construed that the runner is interfering with pay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a second chalk line, along the first base line, called the &lt;strong&gt;45-foot line&lt;/strong&gt; for just this purpose, defining the 3-foot wide &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;runner's lane&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; a runner must be within.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JYGtp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Arizona Diamondback Stadium&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MLB Rule 6.05(k)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  In running the last half of the distance from home base to first base, while the ball is being fielded to first base, he runs outside (to the right of) the three-foot line, or inside (to the left of) the foul line, and in the umpires judgment in so doing interferes with the fielder taking the throw at first base, in which case the ball is dead; except that he may run outside (to the right of) the threefoot line or inside (to the left of) the foul line to avoid a fielder attempting to field a batted ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 6.05(k) Comment: The lines marking the three-foot lane are a part of that lane and a batter- runner is required to have both feet within the three-foot lane or on the lines marking the lane. The batter-runner is permitted to exit the three-foot lane by means of a step, stride, reach or slide in the immediate vicinity of first base for the sole purpose of touching first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Detail and examples:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for the last half of the 90 foot distance to first base the runner must not have his left foot &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;even one inch&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; on the dirt inside the chalk foul-line, until that last moment he steps over to touch the bag, because the bag is inside the foul line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is never a problem for runners veering out to round for second, but running out first base straight down the line – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;even if both feet of the runner are hitting the chalk line he is supposed to run down&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but his left foot is just an inch over the line into the infield – he can be called out for interference of a thrown ball.  He can be called out instantly (dead ball) even if the throw does not hit the runner, but the home plate umpire (who has the call, not the first base umpire) determines the throw was interfered with.  (Note: A throw must be made for interference to occur.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just saw the play again (5/17/2015, Rockies -vs- Dodgers, @55:00) and even though the throw from the catcher down the line was way over the head of the first baseman - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a ball that was not even catchable&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - and the player was never hit by the ball – the umpire still called the runner out immediately before he even got to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very odd to watch, because the runner was just going down the line like everyone does, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;within the 1 foot or so width of the first base plate he was running towards&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but his feet were just slightly to the left of the foul line, so he was infield, and thus “outside the runner's lane”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically every single runner just runs down the line – every single little league, high school, college, and evern pro game.  But 1 in 1000 times a fielder has to make a throw directly down the line, this becomes interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always though a runner had the right to run straight down the line, but he does not.  He has to run to the right of the line down to first for the last 45 feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.qcbaseball.com/rules/running-lane.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.qcbaseball.com/rules/running-lane.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario: Dropped third strike or bunt where the thrown ball hits the runner on his way to first&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runner runs to first running &quot;inside the running lane&quot; (between the foul line and 45-foot line) and is hit with the ball before touching first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is safe“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Runner runs to first running outside the running lane and is hit with the ball before touching first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is out“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(So far, so good, fairly straight forward in those two situations.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Fielder sees that the runner is running out of the running lane and is in the way of the throw, so he holds the ball and doesn't make the throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is safe“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation: In the rule you'll notice that interference is &quot;with the fielder taking the throw at first base&quot;. So if there is no throw, then there is no interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Runner runs to first running within the running lane and is hit with the ball before touching first base on his last step as he moves over to touch first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is safe“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation: The runner is allowed to move over out of the running lane to touch first base and clearly if he is moving over at the end of the running lane, his intent is to touch first base and not interfere with the throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; First baseman sets up in foul territory to receive the throw from the catcher on a dropped third strike. Runner runs to first running outside the running lane (to the left in fair territory) and is hit with the ball before touching first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is safe“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation: The runner is allowed to exit the running lane in order avoid a fielder, which in this case is a first baseman who is standing directly in the running lane. Since the runner is running to the left of the running lane he is not intentionally trying to interfere with the throw or the first baseman and should be called safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; First baseman sets up in foul territory to receive the throw from the catcher on a dropped third strike. Runner runs to first running outside the running lane (to the left in fair territory) and then moves into the running lane and is hit with the ball before touching first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct call: “runner is safe“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation: If in the judgment of the umpire, the runner made an &quot;egregious&quot; move where it is obvious that he is deliberately trying to be hit by the ball or interfering with the first baseman's ability to catch the ball, then the runner should be called out. But the runner is protected by the running lane and that move alone to get back in the running lane should not be construed as &quot;intent&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="3661" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T22:35:58.353" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T22:35:58.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10328" CreationDate="2015-05-18T22:34:50.993" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;The owners would implement a salary cap in a New York Minute if they had the opportunity.  The players, however, would not agree, and because MLB is so successful monetarily even without one, and also has one of the most powerful players unions, the owners don't have the power to force it on them.  It's not hard to find articles about how the MLB owners would like a salary cap and the MLBPA refuses; see &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/3744795/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/eye-on-baseball/24350073/no-baseball-still-doesnt-need-a-salary-cap&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that?  Because a salary cap is not intended to create parity.  The primary function of a salary cap is to reduce player salaries, or at least keep them from escalating too quickly.  Salary caps reduce the maximum a player can earn - either directly (NBA-style) or indirectly (NFL style) by simply reducing the total amount a team may spend on salaries.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with MLB being uncapped (particularly pre-recent luxury tax rules) was that player contracts simply escalated as new owners came in and decided to spend a lot.  That escalation was not necessarily related to total income of the league.  NFL and NHL, and to a lesser extent NBA (which is a softer cap closer to MLB's current system) have direct ties between revenue and player salaries - which mean you can't have player salaries escalate dramatically, unless the total revenue for the league is very high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at the following chart of post-1994 strike revenue vs. player salaries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jClts.png&quot; alt=&quot;MLB Revenues/Salaries&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the two lines trend together over the long term, there are some regions that are very different - particularly in 2001-2004 and 2008-2012 where player salaries were well above the trend line compared to the MLB revenue.  Some of the major CBA changes were in direct result of these differences.  Note that the latest CBA seems to have finally had enough impact that the players' line is below the MLB line for the first time since 1998.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full salary cap would guarantee it stayed below or on the trend line.  Hence why the owners - who are almost all businessmen who want to run a successful business, Jerry Reinsdorf aside - want a full salary cap.  And conversely, the MLBPA would prefer not to have one, so salaries can be higher thanks to free market bidding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One note about the NBA: Because of the NBA's very ... odd ... salary cap, it actually has less fairness.  That's because Lebron-type players are badly underpaid due to the player-salary limit.  NFL and NHL style salary caps are much more fair in terms of evening out competition.  They also reward good front offices though - which is probably why they have fewer 'new winners' compared to the MLB. They also have less trading than the MLB of future talent for now talent, meaning that teams like the Rays, the Royals, the A's, etc. can grow on relatively small salaries by trading their good players away for future prospects who will be much cheaper.  MLB also has a far more limited salary structure for newer players - most players play three full seasons for almost nothing and three more at very low rates before becoming free agents, as opposed to the NFL (rookie salaries are limited, but far less so than MLB) or NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T22:34:50.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10339" CreationDate="2015-05-19T04:48:29.093" Score="5" ViewCount="60785" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_(running)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pace-setters&lt;/a&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pacemakers may be used to avoid the tactics of deception that are possible in competition by those who, for example, race away from the start line (and are likely to subsequently slow down), giving the other runners the impression that they are far behind.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are allowed to continue beyond the point where they had to drop off, they are going aginst the above logic.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does it help prevent tactics of deception if they race away during the start and then, also allowed to finish it/win it?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/doha-2015-diamond-league-felix-pitkamaki&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;An example&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kenya’s Virginia Nyamburu caused possibly the biggest upset of the night as she started the women’s 3000m steeplechase as a pacemaker but, after leading the field through to the agreed 2000m point, carried on going to win in 9:21.51.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are pace-setters allowed to go ahead with the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9421" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T12:32:30.037" Title="Why are pace-setters allowed to go ahead with the race?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10331" CreationDate="2015-05-19T07:41:22.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Philip Kendall's answer also was the first that I considered. I had a quick look and found that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Two-woman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;women's bobsleigh in Sochi&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_500_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;men's 500 meter speed skating&lt;/a&gt; had the same thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that this happens in any sports in which athletes do the same timed sports event multiple times. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_sprint&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cross-country sprint&lt;/a&gt; the athletes have to follow the same course multiple times on the same day. Due to getting tired, their performances generally decline during the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorUserId="9240" LastEditDate="2015-05-19T09:42:30.443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T09:42:30.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10335" CreationDate="2015-05-19T09:36:07.127" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mainly, for two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pacemaker is required to hold a certain pace for a certain distance, but there are no obligations afterwards. Things are done this way because people who hire pacemakers operate on the assumption that pacemakers will not be able to keep up with the stars in the last part of the race. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a provision in the contract to the effect that the pacemaker has to drop out of the race after a certain point, and the pacemaker simply chooses to break the contract. As a consequence, the pacemaker does not get paid for his/her pacemaking services, but if he/she ends up winning the race, the prize money is likely substantially higher than the regular pacemaking fee. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T09:36:07.127" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10324" CreationDate="2015-05-19T09:48:58.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on whether there are runners on base, and whether the ball crosses a foul line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there is (are) runner(s) on base: if the pitcher &quot;drops the ball while on the rubber, even if by accident, if the ball does not subsequently cross a foul line&quot;, then it is a balk. However, if the ball does reach the batter and then exit the diamond, then it will be a ball (since it will be obviously below the strike zone).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough, if there is nobody on base, then nothing happens: time is called then and then the play is restarted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9411" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T09:48:58.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10335" CreationDate="2015-05-19T10:09:33.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason to hire pacemakers is to get a very good winning time. Preferably, a world record. In races without pacemakers, such as Olympic Games or world championships, athletes tend to race tactical, since they only care about being the first to cross the finish, regardless of the time. The pacemakers make sure that the pace in the leading group remains high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am certainly not an expert in this, my knowledge is based on watching several marathons live on television. From this, I am pretty sure it is not allowed to have a pacemaker enter a marathon halfway in order to take over the job of a tired pacemaker. I suspect that according to IAAF rules (I have not checked this) pacemakers must be treated more or less as regular participants. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reasons marathon pacemakers sometimes carry on after the contractual agreed pacemaking distance is because they feel good and think they can achieve a PR, Olympic nomination or whatever goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I do not see any problem when in the end a pacemaker turns out to finish the race and win. After all, why would you prevent the best athlete in the race from winning? Besides that the very basic aim of a sports competition should be to see who is the best, by going on and winning the pacemaker achieves the organization's goal to hire him: to get an as sharp as possible winning time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T10:09:33.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-19T14:03:19.780" Score="4" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Supercup rules in England, Spain, Italy, Germany, etc, go along the following lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Supercup is contested between the League champion and the Cup champion; if the same club wins both the League and the Cup, then the Supercup is contested between the League Champion and either the League runner-up or the Cup runner-up (depending on the country).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This format has always bothered me. Why don't winners of a League-Cup double get awarded an automatic Supercup? Winning both already recognizes them as the best club across domestic competitions, which (as I understand) was the original purpose of having a Supercup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt; after some research, it turns out that some national associations do award an automatic Supercup to a club that wins a League-Cup double (e.g., Albania and Croatia, among them). Perhaps the more prominent one in this respect is France. Auxerre won an automatic Supercup following their 1995-96 double; the same was to have happened in 2008 with Olympique Lyon, but FFF decided at the last moment to allow Bordeaux (League runner-up) to contest the Supercup. A similar situation could arise this year, given that PSG has already won the League and is the favorite to win the Cup final in a couple weeks from now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastEditorUserId="9038" LastEditDate="2015-05-19T21:17:07.150" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T21:17:07.150" Title="Why doesn't a domestic League-Cup double entail an automatic Supercup championship?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10340" CreationDate="2015-05-19T14:07:48.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the reason is purely commercial. Automatic awarding the supercup leaves the national football association without a match to contest the cup and the corresponding entrance and broadcasting fees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T14:07:48.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10340" CreationDate="2015-05-19T14:33:31.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a spectacle to get the fans fired up for the upcoming season. You typically want 2 big teams to battle it out. If they happen to be rival teams even better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Super Cup, while being an additional silverware for the winner is &lt;strong&gt;much&lt;/strong&gt; lesser achievement than league or domestic cup championship (also analogous for Champions League and Europa League). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of it is due to the fact that Super Cup is a single game, where not a whole ton of money is at stake, unlike a longer championship where the TV-rights, advertisements etc are distributed to the teams based on their performance. In other words, you win the league you get a ton of money. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another aspect is that the super cup winner gets nothing besides a trophy. League winner gets a ticket to CL, even Cup winner sometimes go to CL/EL, CL winner get qualified into CL group stage etc. Super cup winner (no matter the type of super cup) gets no additional honour or advantage, so there is actually quite little at stake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T14:33:31.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9168" CreationDate="2015-05-19T15:17:17.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 ATP rulebook&lt;/a&gt; says in section &lt;strong&gt;7.18 Byes - Assignment and Placement&lt;/strong&gt; that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any player who received a “bye” and loses in the second round shall receive second round loser’s prize money but only first round loser’s points for the Emirates ATP Rankings, if applicable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Tsonga received bye in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Barcelona_Open_Banc_Sabadell_%E2%80%93_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona this year&lt;/a&gt;. He lost in the second round to Granollers.&#xA;As we can see in his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Jo-Wilfried-Tsonga.aspx?t=rb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ranking breakdown&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20150519152125/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Jo-Wilfried-Tsonga.aspx?t=rb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;), he has 0 points for this tournament. (Players, who advanced to the second round without a bye, got &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Barcelona_Open_Banc_Sabadell#Points_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;20 points&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rcVej.png&quot; alt=&quot;Ranking breakdown&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-05-20T05:46:39.863" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T05:46:39.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10314" CreationDate="2015-05-19T18:35:04.427" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2011 the official Major League Baseball historian stated this on an NPR radio show:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“We think of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the unbeaten squad that toured from one coast to the other, and was undefeated in 57 first rate games and a handful of others against scrub teams, we think of them as the first professionals, but professionalism had entered the game certainly by the mid 1860s, and ballplayers we know were being paid by the beginning of the 1860s.  The first all-professional team probably dates to about 1866.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;via - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.npr.org/2011/03/16/134570236/the-secret-history-of-baseballs-earliest-days&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.npr.org/2011/03/16/134570236/the-secret-history-of-baseballs-earliest-days&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't read his book, but here he seems to be guessing an approximation, explicitly to point out that the 1869 team was NOT the first all-professional baseball team, but he does not (cannot) state what the name of the first professional baseball team was, or even who it might have been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as far as &lt;strong&gt;baseball history&lt;/strong&gt; is concerned - and I'm unable to imagine an early North American sport that has a better chance at providing reasonable providence, nor one that has more dedicated professional historians – it would seem the specific answer to this question is “~officially~” lost to history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3661" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T12:24:09.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10347" CreationDate="2015-05-20T11:52:50.857" Score="12" ViewCount="6099" Body="&lt;p&gt;It used to be the case that the winner of the World Cup qualified automatically for the final stage of  the following edition, but that's not the case anymore. France was the last team that this rule applied to, qualifying for 2002 by virtue of winning in 1998; afterwards, Brazil had to go through the regular qualification process for 2006 despite winning in 2002, and so did Italy for 2010, Spain for 2014, and now Germany for 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the rationale for this rule change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T02:07:48.440" Title="FIFA World Cup winners not qualifying automatically anymore for next edition" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10346" CreationDate="2015-05-20T13:43:36.037" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason is to have more spots open for qualification. In 2002, before the start of the qualification, three countries were already qualified. These countries being France (1998 champions), Japan and South-Korea (hosts). So, only 29 spots were available for approximately 200 countries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closely related, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot;&gt;2002 qualification&lt;/a&gt; there were 14,5 spots for European teams, of which one was already assigned to 1998 world cup winner France. This caused other European teams to have a smaller chance of qualifying for the world cup. So, after the rule change, a nation is not affected in its qualifying chances anymore when a fellow confederation member won the previous world cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A minor reason could be to have the current world champion play more official matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T13:43:36.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10291" CreationDate="2015-05-20T15:21:29.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sporteology.com/top-10-popular-sports-world/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This list&lt;/a&gt; appears to be quite a definitive list and is more or less where I'd expect it to be in terms of the top 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stating Soccer as the most played and (mainly because of the massive player numbers on the sub-continent) Cricket at number 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T15:21:29.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10351" CreationDate="2015-05-21T05:54:27.957" Score="4" ViewCount="1927" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can a tennis player use his skills in his favor on the different surfaces of play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a powerful player favourite on grass/hard/clay ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a technical player favourite on grass/hard/clay ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a quick player favourite on grass/hard/clay ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-05-21T09:17:51.207" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T20:29:46.550" Title="Skills and tennis surface?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10350" CreationDate="2015-05-21T09:32:07.300" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the properties of the surfaces :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hard surfaces are fast and there are no big effects on the rebounds, so they're great for quick and powerful players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clay is a slow surface, where you can set serious effects on the rebounds, which is perfect for technical players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grass surfaces are the fastest ones and they're great for quick players, since the ball rebounds lower, the receiver must be very quick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T09:32:07.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10350" CreationDate="2015-05-21T12:38:59.407" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It actually depends on the players' comfort area. A technical player can adapt to any surface. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9429" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2015-05-21T15:37:50.643" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T15:37:50.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-21T14:32:53.943" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose A play a shot in the ground .he go for single.both batsman go for run but A go back to his end at the time B also reached to A's crease but A out of crease but he running side of his crease&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9431" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T14:32:53.943" Title="who run out when both out of crease" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-05-21T15:38:08.050" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9047" CreationDate="2015-05-21T15:42:13.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Rugby_League_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2000 Rugby League World Cup&lt;/a&gt; both New Zealand and a New Zealand Maori team competed alongside each other.  In terms of the major &quot;team&quot; sports (eg Soccer, Rugby, Cricket etc) this is the only occasion that this has happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T15:42:13.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10362" CreationDate="2015-05-21T15:46:32.143" Score="3" ViewCount="5230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm asking because I didn't find any answer on the Internet, even on the sites dedicated to these sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9383" LastEditorUserId="1145" LastEditDate="2015-05-22T11:43:31.117" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T11:43:31.117" Title="Is there any difference between badminton and squash shoes?" Tags="|equipment|badminton|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10357" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-21T18:02:13.353" Score="-2" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2015 AFC divisional round game between the Patriots and the Raven, Tom Brady threw a lateral pass to receiver Julian Edelman; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.patriots.com/video/2015/01/10/highlight-q3-edelman-amendola-td&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Edelman then threw a 51 yard touchdown pass to Danny Amendola&lt;/a&gt;. Will this kind of play be deemed illegal in the future?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9432" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-05-21T21:29:12.683" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T21:29:12.683" Title="Will a lateral followed by a forward pass be ruled illegal in future?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-05-29T12:46:43.137" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10357" CreationDate="2015-05-21T20:35:29.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a perfectly legal play, and as far as I'm aware, there is no suggestion that this kind of play would be made illegal - what &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; you be making illegal anyway? A forward pass after a lateral? What about after a handoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T20:35:29.050" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5868" CreationDate="2015-05-21T23:06:12.457" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;From being a player myself, I know that there are usually two main reasons why basketball players wipe their shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, the players are trying to wipe the dust off their shoes and to put some of the moisture from their hands onto them, resulting in the shoes having a better grip (which usually results in quicker movements).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When players are sweating heavily, they want to get some of the dust from their shoes onto their hands so that the ball doesn't slip as easily from their fingers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Some of them (the players) like to get a little grit on their fingers if their hands are sweaty,” Bob Sheffield of Notre Dame says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, as Sean Taylor of Quincy High School frankly puts it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“This has been happening as long as I can remember,” Taylor said. “I think (wiping the bottom of your shoes) also turns into a habit.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9434" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T23:42:29.157" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T23:42:29.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10363" CreationDate="2015-05-22T01:50:43.943" Score="4" ViewCount="2733" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, the West has been the stronger conference over the past decade or two as the graph below shows. The difference between the conferences is usually evident in the playoffs and in the All-Star games. Why is this so? Is it because the teams in the West can afford to pay more or are there other reasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LUPmz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9434" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2015-05-24T15:19:42.833" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T15:19:42.833" Title="Why are the teams in NBA's Western Conference outperforming those in the Eastern Conference?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5868" CreationDate="2015-05-22T09:57:00.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do it just to make sure that they don't fall because of the dust on their shoes. Basketball court surface is smooth so there is high chance of fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9429" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T09:57:00.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10356" CreationDate="2015-05-22T11:28:24.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both badminton and squash are played on similar surfaces and both require quick changes of direction. They both require shoes with flexible, grippy and non-marking soles. Shoes marketed as for badminton shoes might be lighter as there is more focus on jumping than in squash, but the variation is minimal and mostly just marketing/labelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Tennis shoes on the other hand are usually intended for outdoor use and will have different characteristics)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know plenty of people who play badminton at local league level using shoes marketed as &quot;squash shoes&quot;. No doubt some squash players play in shoes primarily intended for badminton too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whichever sport you play, you should probably try on shoes marked as for badminton &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; those marked as for squash to see which is more comfortable for you. This is far more important than having a label which matches your sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T11:28:24.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10360" CreationDate="2015-05-22T17:13:58.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;How did the current imbalance begin? It's hard to even define &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt; it began, though &lt;a href=&quot;http://bballbreakdown.com/2014/12/31/tracing-roots-nbas-east-west-imbalance/&quot;&gt;this piece makes a strong effort&lt;/a&gt;, pointing at the late 1990s. Western teams have been successful in luring high-profile free agents like Shaquille O'Neal and Dwight Howard away from the East.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that it's in full swing, it is partially self-reinforcing through the draft. Here's an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the current 2014-2015 season, three teams made the playoffs in the East with a record of .500 or below: Milwaukee (41-41), Boston (40-42), and Brooklyn (38-44). All of these teams had a record above .500 when playing against fellow Eastern teams. They were rewarded by losing in the first round of the playoffs and getting draft picks #15, #16, and #17.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the West, one teams missed the playoffs with a record above .500: Oklahoma City (45-37). They were rewarded with draft pick #14, the worst pick possible for a team that missed the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the draft relied only on record rather than playoff status, the Thunder would have received the #17 pick and Brooklyn the #12 or #13, depending on the tiebreaker with Utah. Instead a team that was 7 games better gets a better pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bottom teams in the West similarly find it easier to tank (intentionally lose) to get better draft picks. The top two picks in the 2015 draft are held by Western teams. And the West gets yet stronger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T17:13:58.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9000" CreationDate="2015-05-22T20:29:30.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short Answer: Scientifically, the size of the arena is irrelevant to the shooting performance though the nervousness of playing in front of a big crowd can negatively affect a player's shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long Answer: Statistically speaking, the stadium doesn't affect shooting by much (and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/story/2011-04-06/no-evidence-that-stadiums-impact-shooting-at-final-four&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; website makes that case). To prove this point, below are the shooting percentages in the three different types of stadiums during the 2009 and 2010 regionals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hockey arenas (nine games): 42.8 percent, 455-of-1064.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Traditional domes (nine games): 43.1 percent, 444-of-1030&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stadium setup (six games): 42.4 percent, 290-of-684.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare these numbers above to the average median shooting percentage between the 2009/10 and 2014/15 NCAA season (which is about 43%), you'll see that the arena doesn't affect the shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take it from Connecticut's coach Jim Calhoun, who really said it the best:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Every gym has a floor and two 10-foot baskets, and Reliant certainly qualified&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then in some cases, such as an under 20% 3pt shooting in a 2015 regional semi-final and 29.7% shooting half in another, why do teams have disastrous nights? There are always a number of factors that attribute to these horrible shooting nights (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/sports/ncaabasketball/vast-stadium-falls-silent-except-for-clangs.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; website explains one). Whether it be the nervousness that comes with being in a big game with thousands of eyes on you or great, lock-down defense, bad nights can't be prevented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: Even if the NCAA somehow determines that big stadiums do affect shooting, they wouldn't move the games into the team's home or smaller arenas. This year, over 70 000 people watched the NCAA basketball finals in person, which resulted in millions for the NCAA and member institutions. In the end, with the big arenas, many more get to experience the thrill of the NCAA basketball game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sporting News (April 2011), No evidence that stadiums impact shooting at Final Four, Retrieved from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/story/2011-04-06/no-evidence-that-stadiums-impact-shooting-at-final-four&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/story/2011-04-06/no-evidence-that-stadiums-impact-shooting-at-final-four&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The New York Times (March 2015), Shooters Can’t See? Fans, Cover Your Eyes, Retrieved from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/sports/ncaabasketball/vast-stadium-falls-silent-except-for-clangs.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/sports/ncaabasketball/vast-stadium-falls-silent-except-for-clangs.html?_r=0&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9434" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2015-05-25T17:29:52.343" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T17:29:52.343" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10360" CreationDate="2015-05-22T21:13:57.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that Michael mostly nailed this, but there are a few things at hand that make basketball particularly different from other sports in this regard.  All sports have periods of dominance of one league to another, but the NBA seems to have the longest periods and the most dominance.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this comes from two things: the greater impact of a few players in the NBA, and the longevity of NBA careers.  There may be some structural reasons, but the NBA simply has the likelihood of a bit of variance being magnified for these reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Superstar (and even regular-star) NBA players remain stars for longer than any sport than baseball, and even baseball most stars start later than other sports.  An NBA player of the highest talent level can expect to be at the top of his game for between 10 and 20 years.  Michael Jordan's Bulls tenure lasted for 13 years (and could have played longer except for some combination of politics and possibly gambling issues), Lebron James is still arguably the best player in the game in his 12th season and undoubtedly has 3-4 more years of high performance; really the only NBA players likely to play less than 10 years are centers, and some of them manage anyway.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare that to NFL players (QBs might expect to start for more than a decade, but many other positions don't get anywhere close), NHL players (I guess Marian Hossa's going to play forever, but dings and age slow top players well before ten years), and even baseball players (most &quot;top&quot; baseball players stay there for less than a decade; a player with 8 years of dominance (say age 26 - age 33) would be close to the norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On top of that, an NBA team starts 5 players and each of those players often plays nearly the entire game - 36+ minutes is common for excellent players.  MLB players contribute at best 1/9th of their team's opportunities, NFL players play half the game and are one of eleven on the field (though QBs would be the one exception), and NHL players nearly always play under half the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put those two things together, and you have the fact that a small deviance - 60% of the stars being in the West - means the possibility for a long period of dominance for one conference.  Baseball, Football, and Hockey have less of an opportunity for that over a long period of time; they'll tend to have shorter swings.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you doubt the effect of one player to a conference's win/loss total, look at the page Michael linked, and the East vs West in the mid 90s.  Guess what year the west dominated in the east?  Right, that's one of the years Jordan was off playing baseball (and the other was a near tie)...  take that away and you have basically the East having the same dominance from 1980-1998 as the West has now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Why hasn't Lebron had the same effect, always playing in the East?  Basically all of the other stars are in the west, so they outweigh him.  During Michael's era, the stars were much more evenly aligned.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T21:13:57.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2015-05-24T07:23:34.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding squash, it is perfectly alright to switch your hands while playing a shot. You can use both your hands too. Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luvOrbKJwpc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; which shows that it is allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T07:23:34.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10377" CreationDate="2015-05-24T08:56:30.130" Score="2" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an archery beginner and I'm a bit overstrained by the massive supply of different bows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm 1,94m tall, want to use &quot;intuitive shooting&quot; (I hope this is the right term) and intermediated sporty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, what I've found out so far is, that a &quot;recursive bow&quot; is the most modern bow for this discipline. However, I'm a little bit afraid that this bow is already too modern for me. I really want to have a pretty basic experience. Is this possible with this kind of bow? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example for this kind: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DpshX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Recursive Bow&quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Size: 70&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pull weight: 32 lbs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is such a &quot;Manaubow&quot; which raises the impression of being more traditional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pfxqc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, here are my questions. Which size and pull weight should a bow have for me? Are the 70&quot; and 32 lbs ok? Is a &quot;recursive bow&quot; able to provide a basic traditional experience or would something like a &quot;Manaubow&quot; be the better choice? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you so much!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9445" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-05-26T13:54:55.173" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T07:31:49.407" Title="Which kind of bow fits my needs" Tags="|equipment|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10370" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10371" CreationDate="2015-05-24T16:26:20.690" Score="5" ViewCount="2094" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t.thestar.com/#/article/sports/olympics/2012/08/11/london_2012_canada_disqualified_in_mens_4x100_relay.html&quot;&gt;http://t.thestar.com/#/article/sports/olympics/2012/08/11/london_2012_canada_disqualified_in_mens_4x100_relay.html&lt;/a&gt;  says that Canada was on the podium...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;until the judges saw that Connaughton, running the third leg and on the final turn, had taken one step on the lane line, earning the team an automatic disqualification. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what rule was violated. Can someone explain it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9421" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2015-05-24T17:00:54.773" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T17:11:32.770" Title="Why was Canada's Mens 4x100 relay team DQed in the London Olympics?" Tags="|rules|running|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10370" CreationDate="2015-05-24T17:11:32.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Olympic track races &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/iaaf-athletics-road&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;are covered by&lt;/a&gt; the rules of the IAAF. You can download a PDF from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations#rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules page&lt;/a&gt;. That PDF says, on page 159,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lane Infringement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(a) In all races run in lanes, each athlete shall keep within his&#xA;  allocated lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any&#xA;  portion of a race run in lanes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) In all races (or any part of races) not run in lanes, an athlete&#xA;  running on a bend, on the outer half of the track as per Rule&#xA;  162.10, or on any curved part of the diversion from the track for&#xA;  the steeplechase water jump, shall not step or run on or inside the&#xA;  kerb or line marking the applicable border (the inside of the&#xA;  track, the outer half of the track, or any curved part of the&#xA;  diversion from the track for the steeplechase water jump).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Except as stated in Rule 163.4, if the Referee is satisfied, on the report&#xA;  of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that an athlete has violated this&#xA;  Rule, he shall be disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an exception if you're in a straight segment and gained no advantage, but the article says he was on the turn. The rule clearly says &quot;shall not step or run on or inside the kerb or line&quot; so stepping on the line breaks the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T17:11:32.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7041" CreationDate="2015-05-24T21:09:55.713" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018-08-04 update&lt;/strong&gt;: Ronnie Nunn on BballBreakdown 2018-07-30 says exactly what I've said here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_t4GADxJwQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_t4GADxJwQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See in particular the bit from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/V_t4GADxJwQ?t=120&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2:00 mark&lt;/a&gt;. It includes also a discussion of exactly the contrived scenario I made up below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rule against the mere &lt;em&gt;lifting&lt;/em&gt; of your pivot foot (or indeed any foot in any situation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's what you do &lt;strong&gt;after&lt;/strong&gt; you've lifted your pivot foot that may constitute a traveling violation. In particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If your pivot foot touches the ground again before you've passed or shot the ball, then you've committed a traveling violation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you start a dribble, you've committed a traveling violation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine the following contrived scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've just terminated my dribble; I've also established a pivot foot. I then lift up that pivot foot and stand on the other foot (the non-pivot foot) for 10 seconds while still holding on firmly to the ball (a somewhat odd scenario). Here there is &lt;em&gt;absolutely no traveling violation&lt;/em&gt; even though I have lifted my pivot foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mere lifting of the pivot foot is never a traveling violation. Again, it is only what you do thereafter that constitutes a traveling violation (see 1 and 2 above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another contrived scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've established a pivot foot and I now jump. I've succeeded in mastering the art of levitation. I stay afloat in the air for 10 seconds while still holding on firmly to the ball but don't do anything with it. Here again there is &lt;em&gt;absolutely no traveling violation&lt;/em&gt; even though I have lifted my pivot foot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-2016 NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt;, the only rules governing traveling are Rule 4 - Sections VII (Pivot) and VIII (Traveling) and Rule 10 - Section XIII (Traveling). These are fully reproduced below. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From Rule 4&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tVbjg.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tVbjg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From Rule 10&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/brn5F.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/brn5F.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2017&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dvv71.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dvv71.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorDisplayName="user3564" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T22:50:07.680" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T22:50:07.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10374" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-24T21:29:33.407" Score="3" ViewCount="1455" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a mom of a 13-year-old boy.&#xA;He loves football. (Me, not so much. No dad.) So after football season was over, he and his buddies were at school playing football, and my son was kicking the ball. Then for what ever reason he decided to take his shoe off and kick the ball. His coach saw him and worked with him, and said he was twice as accurate without his shoe and got more height and distance. Coach said he was on the team when school starts back up based on what he had seen. I think they call it American Wedge kicking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But he needs to toughen up his foot. He practices everyday. How does he toughen his foot up? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course we are from Texas, and football rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9451" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-05-26T03:06:47.893" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T22:11:13.267" Title="How can you toughen up your foot for barefoot kicking?" Tags="|american-football|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2136" CreationDate="2015-05-24T21:53:01.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;He legally changed his name from to Metta World Peace in September 2011 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metta_World_Peace&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the 2013-14 NBA season, he played in China for a few months. When he first moved there, he announced that he would rename himself &quot;The Panda's Friend&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nba/eye-on-basketball/24651716/metta-world-peace-to-change-name-to-panda-friend&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CBS Sports&lt;/a&gt;). However, his name on his Chinese jersey remained Metta World Peace (or more precisely 慈世平, which is a three word/character abbreviation of his full Chinese name 慈善·世界和平).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In March 2015 he moved to play in Italy. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TLECsmUGqc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; of some his highlights while in Italy, I see that the name on his Italian jersey is &quot;The Panda's Friend&quot;. However the commentators seem to call him &quot;Metta World Peace&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I do not know what his legal name actually is now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T21:53:01.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1277" CreationDate="2015-05-24T22:01:59.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA has no rule whatsoever about what happens if a shoe comes off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was vividly illustrated on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201412130DAL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dec 13, 2014, GSW @ DAL&lt;/a&gt;: Marreese Speights lost his shoe. Stephen Curry then later tried to pass Speights his shoe, whereupon Tyson Chandler deflected it out of bounds (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7vhKWWPd94&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know about the NCAA or FIBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T22:01:59.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10369" CreationDate="2015-05-24T23:40:38.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend going to an achey club and asking to try some of their bows. At the very least, go to an archery shop to try before you buy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Type: a recurve bow, also known as Olympic, is probably a bit more beginner friendly. It has a rest for the arrow to sit on; with a longbow the arrow rests on the bow hand and often the fletches hit the hand on the way past, sometimes injuring the hand. A recurve has more choice for expansion with the addition of a sight, a long rod and a clicker, but you can also shoot &quot;barebow&quot; without these gadgets, at which point the experience is much closer to longbow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Size: depends on your height and draw length. I can't advise this over the Internet. Go to a club or shop and ask them for advice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Draw Weight: this depends on your strength. You will need to try shooting with a variety of weights to see what is comfortable. If you're learning, you're likely to improve quite quickly and progress from a lighter draw weight to a heavier one over the first few months. This is why it can be useful to shoot with a club where you can borrow a range of bows while you're learning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1543" LastActivityDate="2015-05-24T23:40:38.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10312" CreationDate="2015-05-25T00:16:33.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without seeing all the parts for context, I'd say it looks like a budget sight. The trapezium cutout will attach somewhere on the front of the riser and slide up and down (to adjust vertical aim), and the screw part will move the sight left and right (to adjust horizontal aim).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sight, line up the ball over the centre of the target. Shoot some arrows. If they're higher than centre, move the sight up; if they're low, move sight down. If they're right of centre, move sight right; if they're left, move sight left. If they're all over, keep practicing until you can consistently group 3 arrows together :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1543" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T00:16:33.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10380" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-25T13:51:04.093" Score="3" ViewCount="4730" Body="&lt;p&gt;‎In a T20 match, if a fielding side has only 10players(no substitutes also),then how many players can field outside the 30yrds in the first six overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9454" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-05-25T18:10:05.793" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T18:10:05.793" Title="power play in T20 cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10380" CreationDate="2015-05-25T14:05:08.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The T20 &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/542bbeee9ab7d-3%20_Standard_T20I_2014-15_Final_Oct_14.pdf&quot;&gt;international regulations&lt;/a&gt; are quite clear about this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 41.2.2.c says that &quot;During the Powerplay overs only two fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area at the instant of delivery. &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 41.2.2.d says that &quot;During the non Powerplay overs, no more than 5 fieldsmen shall be permitted outside the fielding restriction area referred to in clause 41.2.2 (b) above.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T14:05:08.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10383" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10384" CreationDate="2015-05-25T19:57:25.023" Score="1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always figured that the reasons the all-star game is now played this way are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There's no other non-arbitrary way to directly compare the AL and NL champions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It makes the all-star game more interesting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are those reasons the case? Is that the extent of the logic behind the all-star game winning a league home-field advantage in the world series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T02:54:06.430" Title="What is the logic behind pitting AL vs NL in the All-Star game for ws home-field advantage?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10383" CreationDate="2015-05-26T02:34:03.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The All-Star game has only very recently determined World Series home field advantage.  This began after the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game&lt;/a&gt;, which ended in a 7-7 tie after both teams had used up their available pitchers.  (While a regular season or playoff game would continue either extending pitchers or using position players as needed, in an exhibition game this would be unfair to the players and the teams they represent.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that game, complaints arose that the managers were not attempting to win the game, and instead simply go through the motions to allow everyone a chance to play.  A major theme was that the game was irrelevant, and so why would anyone try particularly hard, particularly the manager?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, Bud Selig (then the MLB commissioner) was at the game and was a former owner of the hosting Milwaukee Brewers, and some felt that made it seem worse, as his family still owned the team at the time (though the Brewers had nothing to do with the all-star game, other than sending a single player as all teams did). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, the pressure caused Selig and the MLB executives to change the rules so that in 2003 (and hence), the winning league in the All-Star game has homefield advantage in the World Series.  Prior to this, homefield advantage had alternated between the leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20030630&amp;amp;content_id=402411&amp;amp;vkey=pr_mlbcom&amp;amp;fext=.jsp&amp;amp;c_id=mlb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;This Time It Counts&quot;&lt;/a&gt; was the slogan of the 2003 All-Star game (and continued afterwards for years).  It was designed to show fans that a repeat of the 2002 game would not be tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2002 game, the reason they ran out of pitchers was that the manager attempted to get every player into the game that was possible.  Most years this wasn't a big deal; however, a couple of specific issues conspired to cause the tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, Joe Torre and Bob Brenly were both old-school managers who believed in starting all of the players they could.  They both also were respectful of the other managers in the league and were uninterested in stretching pitchers out any longer than needed (both to avoid injury and to avoid making them unavailable to pitch later on).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, teams typically carried only nine or ten pitchers,  on the basis of the fact that you could get more players in the game that way.  Nine pitchers leaves one pitcher to pitch each inning of the game, and while one or two were typically held out in reserve, more would be difficult to get into the game as most all-star pitchers do not want to only get one or two outs.  For hitters you could simply swap the entire team out midway through (8 hitters, two times, and a few left in reserve).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address these issues a few additional rules were added after 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rosters were expanded, from 30 (2002) to 32 (2003) eventually to 34 (2010).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catchers may re-enter the game if the last catcher must leave the game due to injury.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Managers have been instructed to hold back a few players (both pitchers and position players) to ensure enough players are available.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(2010) A single position player other than catcher may re-enter the game if the last position player leaves due to injury.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(2010) The Designated Hitter is used in all All-Star games; prior the DH only was used in AL-hosted games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game#Tie_games.2C_rain_delays_and_home-field_advantage_in_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's All Star Game entry&lt;/a&gt; and this &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=5145694&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN Article on the rules changes for 2010&lt;/a&gt; for more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-05-26T02:54:06.430" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T02:54:06.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10387" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-26T18:23:04.053" Score="8" ViewCount="2429" Body="&lt;p&gt;We play football/soccer between our group of friends, but often some of them can't play, so the teams vary every week. My teammate this week can be my opponent next week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We're starting a sort of championship, trying to rank players individuadilly, and we want a system that makes it so that the actual best players are expected to end at the top. Something simple would be to just award 3 points to a player for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points to a loss. While this would work if teams were choosen randomly, we also would like to keep the games balanced, and random teams aren't good to fulfill that requirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To choose each week's team in a balanced manner, two opposite players take turns picking the best next player that is not yet picked. But this makes a system like the above a bit weird, in the sense that the best players aren't more likely to make more points than the worst. Probabilly this system now favors the most underrated player, which is interesting but not quite what we're looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any combination of scoring system/picking strategy that would allow us to keep games balanced, yet making it so that the score table will represent absolute individual skill in the end (disregarding luck, for simplicity)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9458" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T21:21:03.663" Title="Fair system to score players between friend games" Tags="|football|scoring|amateur|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-26T20:18:16.970" Score="0" ViewCount="3650" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the next U19 CWC happening in bangladesh 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the age cut off for full icc member teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the age cut off for associate icc member teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T01:25:16.057" Title="age cut off date for cwc u19" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-05-29T13:08:10.580" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-27T02:50:38.727" Score="7" ViewCount="9858" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that for many years, MLB managers would always wear the same uniform as their players during games.  However, I've been watching more games on TV this year, and it seems that many managers now wear other clothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in this photo from May 9, 2015 (credit David Richard of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/sports/services/photos/USATSI-214252/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Today&lt;/a&gt;), we see Cleveland manager Terry Francona making a visit to the mound.  The shirt he's wearing is completely different from his player's uniforms, and it doesn't look like he has a uniform jersey underneath.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/krvL6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;Why the break with tradition?  Was there a rule change, or simply managers deciding to dress differently for some reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="1607" LastEditDate="2015-05-27T03:31:15.313" LastActivityDate="2022-11-06T22:36:51.107" Title="Why have some MLB managers stopped wearing uniforms?" Tags="|baseball|equipment|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2015-05-27T07:34:07.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best thing would be planning the teams in a way that everyone plays with every other player in the end, or you can draw lots for the teams, while keeping your scoring system, and this would bring equity (and not equality, which is an important distinction) to the rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T07:34:07.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10388" CreationDate="2015-05-27T09:19:26.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To compete in the ICC U19 CWC Players from Full Member countries must be&#xA;under the age of 19 on the 1st of September before the event takes place and&#xA;Players from Associate or Affiliate Member countries must be under the age of 20&#xA;on &lt;strong&gt;1st of September&lt;/strong&gt; before the event takes place. (For the avoidance of doubt&#xA;this means that at midnight (in the country of birth) at the changeover from the&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;31st August to the 1st of September&lt;/strong&gt; immediately before the event, players from &#xA;Full Member countries must be under the age of 19 and players from Associate&#xA;and Affiliate Member countries must be under the age of 20. If Members are&#xA;in any further doubt as to the eligibility of a player they should contact ICC&#xA;offices as fielding an ineligible player is a serious offence.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.africacricket.org/pdf&amp;#39;s/32_qualification_rules_u19_age_determination_policy.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9462" LastEditorUserId="9462" LastEditDate="2015-05-27T09:37:26.887" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T09:37:26.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10389" CreationDate="2015-05-27T13:36:37.017" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major league players, managers and coaches are required to abide by &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/objectives_1.jsp&quot;&gt;strict uniform guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. They are required to be in uniform, but can also wear other team apparel on top to stay warm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some managers have elected not to comply and wear just a team pullover for various reasons. MLB can and does check and fine &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2997982&quot;&gt;repeat offenders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Terry Francona's case is a bit different though. During the 2005 season he had some circulatory and clotting issues that led to him thinking he was having a heart attack. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Francona&quot;&gt;Because of this he has to wear several layers of clothing in order for his body to behave properly&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During the 2005 season, Francona was hospitalized after complaining of severe chest pains. Tests revealed significantly clogged arteries, but it was concluded that Francona had not suffered a heart attack. This incident, as well as a life-threatening pulmonary embolism suffered in 2002, painful knees, and ongoing treatment for blood clots, has led to circulation issues which necessitate wearing extra clothes, including two pairs of tights. This is also why his regular uniform top is usually hidden by a pullover&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T13:36:37.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2015-05-27T14:42:29.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could start with random teams (or any team composition you would consider fair) and start keeping track of points by simply awarding 3 points for a victory and 1 for a draw. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, from next match on, you create teams whose combined total score are equal. That way, you slowly create a ranking by which the better players have better scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Match 1: ABCD* - EFGH &#xA;Match 2: ABEF* - CDGH&#xA;Match 3: ACEG* - BDFH&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Asterix (*) indicates winning team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A        - 9 points&#xA;B, C, E  - 6 points&#xA;D, F, G  - 3 points&#xA;H        - 0 points&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next match could be: ADFG - BCEH.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Refinements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, this is very simple and requires every player to be present every time. However, some adjustments can be made to create a more flexible statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Divide a player's score over the number of participations (or maximum points or so).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use goaldifference (or percentage of goals) instead of the 3-1-0 point system. That way, a very big victory shifts the ranking more than a narrow one. This way, you will get the ranking to adapt faster to the &quot;real world values&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T14:42:29.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1861" CreationDate="2015-05-27T20:43:20.600" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard an NFL player who retired after 10 seasons discuss this topic.  He said that he and no one else has ever filed retirement papers because they do not exist. The discussion of whether someone has filed his papers makes for great &quot;will he or won't he play&quot; discussions for the media and the fans but that's all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9466" LastActivityDate="2015-05-27T20:43:20.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2015-05-28T02:50:00.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it completely depends on what the purpose of your ranking system is. Building evenly competitive teams, or simply providing a list of the best players for personal satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 1: Optimally Balancing Teams&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting that a good team isn't necessarily the team of the most skilled players but rather the most balanced team offensively and defensively. Your question reads like you play more of a small-sided game or park football, which is more suited to unstructured play with utility-style (no fixed position) players but even so a well structured team would comfortably beat a park team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have coached low-grade football for many years, and an important skill is dividing the playing squad into fair teams at training to maximise the benefit of drills and scratch matches. There is no way to do this mathematically; you have to observe your players and note their individual strengths and weaknesses, try them in different roles and mess with the formula until you get it right. Players aren't robots, they will perform differently on different days- the right squad on a Tuesday may be completely off on a Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of your situation, my recommendation would be to assign two people (possibly including yourself, or whoever the group feel is the most knowledgeable, reliable and balanced) to have the responsibility of picking the teams. These people should then confer after matches about who was good and where, who was out of their depth and where, and use this to create a &quot;fuzzy&quot; ranking system (ideally, impart some structure and rate players defensively, offensively, or even in finer detail such as passing, tackling, dribbling etc). This can then be used to pick the next two teams, ensuring an even balance of playing style and ability. The two who pick the teams then are separated into a team each (for further impartiality, one is nominated to flip a coin - heads they are team one, tails team two).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 2: Individual Ranking For Personal Glory&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OK, cautionary warning here, nobody likes being told they are the worst (or amongst the worst) at something. Especially when they are with friends. Letting team-mates down is bad enough, letting friends down is even worse. Having a public leader-board of player rankings may encourage middle and upper level players to push higher, but you do so at the risk that you will lose your players propping up the table. You've already said you have trouble with consistent attendance week-to-week, implicitly shaming players could very well make that worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are ranking players purely to find the best, as some sort of reward mechanism, many clubs run a voting system amongst players to determine this for end of year awards. Have your players submit 3-2-1 votes (3pts = best, 2pts = second best, 1pt = third best) for their team-mates for the match, average them over the number of players (this prevents a player from having a blinder that puts them way in front, but being mediocre afterwards and still winning it) then tally them up in a private leader-board. Publicly make available the top subset of this list if your players want it (say top 5) so Fred can say &quot;I'm fourth, I'm going to try even harder and get ahead of Bob in third&quot;, whilst sparing the less skilled players from the public humiliation of being last. Having the players do it for their own team means that good players in a losing team are still acknowledged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Important Side Note&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is for a similar reason to the above private leader-board that I would stop using the &quot;captains pick&quot; team selection method. You are telling the last people picked that they aren't wanted, which is awful for morale, enjoying the game, and will only lead to worse performance. Good examples of fair team selection include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Line up players by height, or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Line up players by age/date of birth, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Line up players alphabetically by first/last name, and then go along the line labelling them alternately &quot;team 1&quot; or &quot;team 2&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pick characteristics that are completely not skill related. If one method unbalances the sides, choose another the next week. At no point is anyone being given the impression that they are the last choice, or only being picked because the team needs another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get a good combination going, try to stick with it. It is always better to have a group that plays together every week with minimal changes to the team. If a team is missing a player, ask for a volunteer to go across from the other team rather than dictating. Should no-one volunteer, draw straws or equivalent. Keep it as random as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastActivityDate="2015-05-28T02:50:00.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-28T14:31:28.193" Score="8" ViewCount="686" Body="&lt;p&gt;As NBA viewers, we see that they keep time up to tenths of a second. But officially do they keep track of time to hundredths (or perhaps even thousandths) of a second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an example. Say there are 'really' 27.12 seconds left in the quarter, with a team to inbound the ball. The team inbounds the ball and then commits a 24 second shot-clock violation. At this point the referees will typically stop the play and reset the clock to what it should be. Viewers at home will see that they reset the clock to 3.1 seconds (correct me if I'm mistaken). My question is this: Do they in fact reset it to &lt;em&gt;precisely&lt;/em&gt; 3.12 seconds? Or do they really just reset it to 3.10 seconds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorUserId="1626" LastEditDate="2015-05-28T20:21:18.383" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T20:19:56.497" Title="Does the precision of NBA timekeeping go beyond tenths of a second?" Tags="|officiating|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10374" CreationDate="2015-05-29T12:53:57.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Practice makes perfect. The more he kicks barefoot the tougher his foot will become over time. Look at thai/kick-boxers, they practically toughen up their shins by kicking over and over again. I should warn however, it's likely that his foot will get sore, he might get bruises on his foot if he's practising a lot..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But leaving the question aside, does it really matter for him to train kicking barefoot? I mean, he will most likely not take off his shoes before taking a kick during a game, so why practice something that you will not be able to do, instead of training to shoot better &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; his shoes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T12:53:57.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10399" CreationDate="2015-05-29T20:19:56.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA does not explicitly discuss the possibility of hundredths of a second in its rules, so in theory a club could probably implement that - but it's not something any team does currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 5, discusses timing.  In 1989 they added the tenths of a second in the final minute that you see today; prior to that it was only whole seconds.  Currently, clocks are required to show them only for the final minute, so prior to that it's not required (and not customary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, human response time is greater than a tenth of a second (I've seen different times stated, but never anything less than 0.2 seconds).  Any precision beyond tenths of a second would be &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_precision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;false precision&lt;/a&gt;.  Even tenths of a second are often too precise; look at the Derek Fisher shot in the 2004 playoffs against the Spurs, for example.  A &lt;a href=&quot;http://thenullhypodermic.blogspot.com/2009/06/infamous-fisher-04-shot.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;frame by frame breakdown&lt;/a&gt; shows he took a bit over the 0.4 seconds available to make the shot - but the earlier basked by Duncan likely should've allowed 0.6 to 0.7 seconds for him to take the shot.  Given even with the modern timing advances there's almost certainly a 0.1 second or greater error on exactly when the clock should start or stop, going down to hundredths would be pointless.  Except for sports bloggers, anyway, for them it would be a gold mine...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T20:19:56.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10404" CreationDate="2015-05-29T23:49:28.707" Score="4" ViewCount="4582" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often seen a pitcher's pitch count displayed on the screen with it broken up into &lt;strong&gt;strikes&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;balls&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;total&lt;/strong&gt; pitches. So something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Strikes :  25&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Balls   :  15&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Total   :  40 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, are pitches that are put into play counted as strikes or balls (ie fouls balls, pop-ups, base hits, etc)? I am assuming they are counted towards the total... so they would have to be quantified as a strike or ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9473" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T03:46:15.050" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T03:46:15.050" Title="Are pitches that are put into play counted as strikes or balls?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10403" CreationDate="2015-05-30T03:09:55.383" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;All balls in play are counted as strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a basic principle of pitching. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=1905&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;If the batter swings at the pitch, it's a strike.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives us 2 categories of pitches that are counted as strikes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;balls in the strike zone that are not swung at&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;balls that are swung at&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is only one category of pitches categorized as balls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;balls that are not swung on and are not in the strike zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T05:30:10.010" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T05:30:10.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10406" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-30T06:31:20.657" Score="0" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a batsman out when during a second run, they return to the wicketkeeper's end and run through the stumps and wicketkeeper, after the keeper had already removed the bails and continued to hold the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the batsman be out Hit Wicket, if they were not given out Run Out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9475" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T03:30:23.747" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T03:30:23.747" Title="Batsman runs through stumps and wicketkeeper: out or not, and how?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10406" CreationDate="2015-05-30T06:55:51.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the wicketkeeper cleanly broke the stumps, then the batsman is out - it doesn't matter what happens next add the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: it certainly can't be hit wicket as that explicitly can only happen when playing a stroke or setting of for a first run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside 2: other than in exceptional circumstances, there's no reason a batsman should be running at the wicket - if a batsman did influence the play by doing so, for example by distracting the wicketkeeper, they would be very much at risk of being given out for obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T06:55:51.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10413" CreationDate="2015-05-30T21:55:10.673" Score="3" ViewCount="2133" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to come up with the most lopsided bet I could possibly do for the upcoming Barcelona vs Juventus final. I have a question about whether or not combining bets is possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this example, I'll use mostly made up odds. And I'll use the decimal representation of the odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say I will bet that Stephan Lichsteiner scores during this game. That's got 31/1 odds on Bet888.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I could bet that the game ends Juventus 9-0 Barcelona, which has odds of 500/1 on Bet888.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, I want to bet that Andrea Barzagli will be man of the match. This has odds of 66/1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it customary to combine the odds? So if I wanted to bet that all three of these events happen, would I get odds of 500*66*31/1 = 1023000/1 ? Or does it depend on the rules set by the betting agency, or is there a maximum of two simultaneous events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask because I read somewhere that the man that bet $50 on Brazil losing 7-1 AND Sami Khedira scoring won a lot of money and I want to see how his winnings would be calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9477" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:15:30.130" Title="Combining Bets in sports" Tags="|football|betting|champions-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10409" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-31T02:05:56.337" Score="4" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Riddle me this....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When was the last time (if ever) the Stanley Cup Finals featured two teams that had both won game 7 on the road in their respective conference finals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9478" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T04:00:48.003" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T04:00:48.003" Title="Stanley Cup Finals matchup where both finalists needed 7 games in conference finals" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10421" CreationDate="2015-05-31T07:46:47.607" Score="3" ViewCount="1088" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Mikel Landa finished 2nd in the yesterday's (30 May 2015) stage of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Giro_d%27Italia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Giro d'Italia&lt;/a&gt;, both him and Giovanni Visconti would have 125 points in mountains classification. The last stage is flat, no points in mountain classification are given. So in this scenario they would finish both with the same number of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;What is used as a secondary criterion if two riders have the same number of points in mountain classification?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are the rules the same for all Grand Tours (all races in UCI World Tour)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus question: Has it ever happened in some important stage race that the winner of mountain classification has to be decided by some additional criterion, as two (or more) riders were tied on points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T12:41:11.020" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T12:41:11.020" Title="What is used as tie-breaker in mountain classification?" Tags="|cycling|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10409" CreationDate="2015-05-31T08:15:46.080" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL_Conference_Finals#Prince_of_Wales_Conference.2FEastern_Conference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list of conference finals&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eastern conference final had 7 games in: 1988, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2011 and 2015.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Western conference final had 7 games in: 1986, 1993, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2014 and 2015.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we see that the both SC finalists needed 7 games in conference finals only in 2000 and 2015.&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Stanley_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/a&gt; Dallas Stars won their series as the home team. New Jersey Devils won their series as the away team and they also won the 2000 Stanley Cup. (They won the final series in 6 games.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/a&gt; we see for the first time situations that both conference finals took 7 games and in both of them the away team won. (Tampa Bay Lightning and Chicago Blackhawks, Blackhawks won the finals in 6 games.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that this was the first time since 2000 when both conference finals needed 7 games was mentioned, for example, here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=769155&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ducks, Blackhawks vie for Cup Final in Game 7&lt;/a&gt; - nhl.com&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reddit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/hockey/comments/37jn5v/for_the_first_time_since_2000_both_conference/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;For the first time since 2000 both Conference Finals go 7 games&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/nhlplayoffs-from-east-to-west-game-7-is-the-best-1.3090506&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;#NHLPlayoffs: From east to west, Game 7 is the best&lt;/a&gt; - cbasports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/list/4645567-stanley-cup-playoffs-conference-finals-game-7-rangers-blackhawks-ducks-lightning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Double sevens make for rare conclusion in NHL conference finals&lt;/a&gt; - Sporting New&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nhl/eye-on-hockey/25199284/nhls-wildly-entertaining-conference-finals-set-for-endings-they-deserve&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL's wildly entertaining conference finals set for endings they deserve&lt;/a&gt; - CBSSports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; The CBSSports article I linked claims that: &lt;em&gt;&quot;For just the third time in NHL history, both conference finals will be decided by a Game 7.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; But I was not able to find the third time when this happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Both Stanley Cup semifinals (and also the Stanley Cup final) were decided in the 7th game in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Stanley_Cup_playoffs#Playoff_bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/a&gt;. But at the time the NHL was not divided into conferences. As far as I can tell from the information in the Wikipedia article I linked, the best-of-seven format used in this season was the same as the one used nowadays. So it seems that in that case the away teams won both semifinal series in seven games. (And the finals were decided in the 7th game, too.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T15:12:56.240" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T15:12:56.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10408" CreationDate="2015-05-31T09:18:46.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bets of this type are called are called combo bet, accumulator bet or parlay bet. The odds are multiplied, exactly as you wrote in your post. You can also find several examples&#xA;in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlay_(gambling)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; about such bets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is probably worth mentioning that some bookmakers do not offer accumulator bets at all. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betting_exchange&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;betting exchanges&lt;/a&gt; typically only offer single bets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can usually find the exact rules and detailed information also on the bookmaker's website. Let us take one random bookmaker - you can see that they say in their rules that &lt;a href=&quot;https://help.bwin.com/en/sports-help/sports-betting/bet-types/multi-bets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;odds for multi bets&lt;/a&gt; (which is the terminology this bookmaker uses) are obtained by multiplying the odds of the individual picks. &#xA;They also have &lt;a href=&quot;https://help.bwin.com/en/general-information/legal-matters/general-terms-and-conditions/sports-betting#a4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning limit&lt;/a&gt; in their rules - meaning that bookmaker simply will not let you make a bet should the total win be above some given amount. There is also &lt;a href=&quot;https://help.bwin.com/en/sports-help/sports-betting/placing-a-bet/minimum-maximum-stake&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;minimum stake&lt;/a&gt; which you can wage. In practice this means that you cannot combine too many bets to obtain extremely high odds, since you would get payout above winning limit already for the minimal possible stake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The picture below show the example shown in the help on this bookmaker's website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RODrD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-05-31T09:33:25.047" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T09:33:25.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10408" CreationDate="2015-06-01T02:23:31.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing to note is books tend not to allow &quot;correlated parlays&quot;. What this means is you are not allowed to make a parlay out of bets whose results are correlated to each other. For instance, let's say you found two bets &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Barcelona wins by at least 2 goals&quot; 3:1&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Barcelona wins by at least 3 goals&quot; 5:1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously these two bets are correlated, because if they win by 3 goals, they will certainly win by 2 goals. They will not let you parlay these and get 15:1 on your money. This is an obvious example, but usually to be safe they won't allow two bets on the same sporting event into a parlay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9485" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T02:23:31.533" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2519" CreationDate="2015-06-02T07:12:28.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My personal opinion is if a kid won't accept coaching tips then don't allow him/her on your team next year.  It's always a bit difficult, often the parents are hoping you will as coach enforce a framework that they have been unable to enforce at home.  But at some point you have to say &quot;this kid is disrupting the whole team&quot; and cut him/her.  It depends how much progress you and the other coaches can make with that particular child.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've quit coaching assignments due to unruly children (and parents).  Not mid-season, but I have refused to go back. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has to be some negotiation.  If a kid is just asking for clarification or wants to understand the rules then fine.  Sometimes during scrimmage I will often say &quot;hey the ref (me) is blind, but he is also cranky and always right so everybody gets to run over to that goal post and back for arguing with the ref!&quot;  But other times I will stop and explain the rules.  It depends whether there was an actual question or they are just arguing about who put it out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9491" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T07:12:28.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10411" CreationDate="2015-06-02T08:57:04.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following reference is from &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-OU0Q5lk0C&amp;amp;pg=PA37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tour de France for Dummies&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  However, it is applicable for all the Grand Tours and the large majority of other major tours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If there's a points tie in the final climbing classification, the cyclist with the most first-place finishes in Beyond Category climbs wins.  If there is still a tie, victory is awarded to the rider with the most first-place finishes in Category 1 climbs.  The same process is used, if necessary, in Categories 2, 3 and 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-02T09:30:30.190" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T09:30:30.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10411" CreationDate="2015-06-02T11:51:08.157" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most multi-day tours the rules are similar. The winner is determined in the following order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most points for the mountain classification&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most first places at Hors Categorie climbs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most first places at first categorie climbs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And so on...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If both riders have finished first on the exact same distribution of mountains. That is, there is still no decisive winner. The rider that has best general classification wins the mountain jersey.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_classification_in_the_Tour_de_France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2012/docs/reglement.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 Tour de France rule book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T11:51:08.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10411" CreationDate="2015-06-02T12:03:30.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will add quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/inside-uci/rules-and-regulations/regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UCI cycling regulation&lt;/a&gt; - Part II: Road Races (version on 05.02.2015), which seems to confirm what was written in the other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.6.017&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  In the event of a tie in the general individual classification by points, the following criteria shall be applied in order until the riders are separated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;number of stage wins;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;number of wins in intermediate sprints counting for the general classification on points;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;general individual classification by time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of a tie in the general individual mountains classification, the following criteria shall be applied in order until the riders are separated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;number of first places in the highest category climbs;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;number of first places on climbs in the next inferior category and so on;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;general individual classification by time &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(text modified on 1.01.02; 1.01.03; 1.01.05).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T12:03:30.027" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-06-02T12:03:30.027" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10424" CreationDate="2015-06-02T13:35:09.143" Score="5" ViewCount="2182" Body="&lt;p&gt;An interesting situation occurred in a club game this weekend.  A full toss was bowled by a medium pace bowler that was over the batsmans head.  The batsman had attempted to charge the bowler, missed the attempted overhead smash tennis shot and was stumped by the wicket keeper who was standing up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ordinarily a No-Ball would be awarded for the ball being above stump height as it passes the batsmans crease.  Therefore the umpires decision to give the stumping not out would be correct.  However, given that the ball was SO high, should a wide have been given, thus making the umpires decision incorrect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T14:40:38.840" Title="Query on the No-Ball / Wide Full Toss Ruling" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10423" CreationDate="2015-06-02T14:26:56.857" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball#What_constitutes_a_No_ball&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_ball#What_constitutes_a_No_ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If the ball does not touch the ground in its flight between the wickets and reaches the batsman on the full . . .&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;. . . cannot be dismissed so easily by a no ball: a batsman may not be given out . . .  &lt;strong&gt;stumped&lt;/strong&gt; . . . off a no ball&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_%28cricket%29&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_%28cricket%29&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If a ball qualifies as &lt;strong&gt;a no ball as well as a wide&lt;/strong&gt;, the umpire will call it &lt;strong&gt;a no ball instead of a wide&lt;/strong&gt;, and all the rules for a no ball apply.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Umpire was &lt;strong&gt;totally correct&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2015-06-02T14:40:38.840" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T14:40:38.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10425" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10438" CreationDate="2015-06-02T16:00:41.600" Score="6" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not necessarily talking about the &quot;engine&quot; vs &quot;power unit&quot; debate with the new energy recovery systems and whatnot, though that is part of the problem. I'm more interested in the realm of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grandfathers Axe / Ship of Theseus Paradox&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I replace a blown MGU-K seal, is it the same engine? What about a rod bearing? The block? An oil pump?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9492" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T09:35:35.967" Title="What constitutes the &quot;engine&quot; in the Formula 1 per-season engine replacement limit?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10322" CreationDate="2015-06-02T18:05:27.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/stats/team/_/stat/batting/year/2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://espn.go.com/mlb/stats/team/_/stat/batting/year/2014&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overall MLB batting average was .251 last season. You can see that this is fairly typical average if you check the other years. Actually, 2014 seems to be a bit lower than other years, some seasons had a league average higher than .260.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyways, lets just round to .250 for easy math. That means each batter typically has a 25% chance of getting a hit or 75% chance of getting out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the same website, that same season teams averaged 1248 strikeouts. There are 162 games in a season, so that works out to 7.7 strikeouts per game. Granted there are sometimes games where teams only get 8 innings to bat, or games that go into extra innings, but for simplicity, lets just assume 9 innings per game, which means 27 outs per game. That is 7.7/27 = 28.5% of the outs in a game will be strikeouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you assume that 75% of batters will get out, and that 28.5% of those outs will be strikeouts, you basically have a 21.375% chance of striking out any individual batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The odds of striking out two batters in a row is therefore 4.6%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To figure out how likely it would be to strike out two batters with them swinging at 6 pitches in a row (3 each), you'd have to figure out what the odds are that they would swing (and miss) at each pitch. I have no idea where you might find the numbers for that, but I imagine it would very low odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1730" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T18:05:27.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1428" CreationDate="2015-06-02T21:02:30.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can switch sides in between pitches. No rule says that you can't, only if the pitcher is in position. I'm an umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9494" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T11:49:03.723" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T11:49:03.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10670" CreationDate="2015-06-02T22:55:23.507" Score="10" ViewCount="9655" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, it seems fairly well agreed upon that there are 5 main 'holes' to aim for when shooting on the net. Upper left, lower left, upper right, lower right, and between the goalie's legs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last hole is always referred to as the '&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-hole&quot;&gt;5-hole&lt;/a&gt;'. But is there any agreement on the numbering of the other 4? A quick google image search shows all sorts of numbering schemes, which leads me to believe that, no, there is no agreement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=hockey+goal+5+hole&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=hockey+goal+5+hole&amp;amp;tbm=isch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-03T05:47:23.307" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T20:25:38.047" Title="Consensus on the goalie 'hole' numbering in Hockey?" Tags="|terminology|ice-hockey|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10322" CreationDate="2015-06-03T14:24:07.723" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;4 thousandths of a percent...ish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6 swings and misses on 6 pitches in a row against the same pitch. For that we should talk about whiff%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a commenter points out, it's very difficult to answer this in the general case as each pitcher is very different in how they get outs (some are strikeout pitchers, other are contact pitchers, some pitchers generate swinging strikes, others more called strikes). However, for the sake of the exercise, let's look at Tanaka. If we wanted to do, we could do another exercise and use league average swStr% from fangraphs and determine the likelihood for a league average hitter against a league average pitch, but that's less interesting I think and certainly much less likely than using someone like Tanaka who has a plus swing and miss pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, because it would be a very small sample, I'm going to ignore both count and game situation and assume all pitches are thrown in a vacuum. This is silly, but the numbers would quite quickly break down to small enough increments to be very unreliable. I'm also going to use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/pitchfx.aspx?playerid=15764&amp;amp;position=P&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 numbers&lt;/a&gt; as it's a much larger sample than this year (and happens to be the year that you're looking for).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, we need to figure out which pitch Tanaka was throwing, based the swing and miss numbers, I'm going to guess it was probably his Four Seam fastball. This pitch generated the most swings and misses for Tanaka last year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fangraphs, conveniently provides swinging strike numbers. As we've set up our experiment to &lt;em&gt;assume&lt;/em&gt; that swinging strikes are independent of each other (that's probably unlikely, but our numbers don't control or that, and if anything I'd believe this ends up coming out low). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tanaka's Four Seamer was very good last year. 27.4% of the time he threw it last year, he got a whiff. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the &lt;em&gt;expected&lt;/em&gt; numbers of swinging strikes in 6 Four Seam fastballs would only be 1.64. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that's not what happened. Tanaka was particularly nasty and got 6 swinging strikes in a row. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The probability of an independent event happening 6 times in a row is the probability of the event to the power of the instances. Thus, in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.274^6 = .0000423 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or .00423%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the odds of Tanaka throwing, and getting 6 strikes on the same pitch in a row is &lt;em&gt;somewhere around&lt;/em&gt; 4 thousandths of a percent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T14:24:07.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10432" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-03T19:04:15.917" Score="3" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the relationship between the Kentucky Derby and the Royal Ascot horse races? The Dubai World Cup? Although &lt;a href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/sport/horse-racing-california-chrome-ascot/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;some horses do, over the course of their careers, compete in all three&lt;/a&gt;, it seems rare compared to competing for the US triple crown. Is one event higher priority (perhaps more prestigious) for owners than the other two? Does one breed a different type of horse for the Derby than the Ascot (say, due to different surfaces)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T19:04:15.917" Title="Kentucky Derby vs. Royal Ascot vs. Dubai World Cup" Tags="|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-03T20:49:00.003" Score="5" ViewCount="5250" Body="&lt;p&gt;With all eyes on FIFA in the past days, I tend to wonder, why match fixing (or tournament fixing) is illegal in any sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that fixing violates the rules of the governing body of a particular sport, but why does government and authorities need to get involved? By which right, do governments enforce internal rules of NGOs such as FIFA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that there is a deception involved here, but I don't understand how is that violating the law?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9498" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T05:49:55.313" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T05:49:55.313" Title="Why is match fixing illegal?" Tags="|match-fixing|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10441" CreationDate="2015-06-04T02:11:40.370" Score="1" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there are a lot of club women's rugby teams in the US at the college level but I'm very curious how many of those teams are actually considered varsity level sports at their universities currently?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9500" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T14:58:46.033" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T14:58:46.033" Title="How many college level varsity women's rugby teams are there in the US currently?" Tags="|collegiate|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4302" CreationDate="2015-06-04T05:27:20.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Source:- &lt;a href=&quot;http://qr.ae/7XAqgb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://qr.ae/7XAqgb&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Well I get the answer of the question when I was in class 11th.&#xA;  First:- The principle is applicable if their is smooth or turbulent&#xA;  flow on both sides of the ball i.e. similar viscosity. There is 2&#xA;  principle regarding the swinging of the ball.  If the ball is thrown&#xA;  at low speed both sides of the ball have smooth flow. If the ball is&#xA;  thrown with high speed, both sides of the ball have turbulent flow.&#xA;  There are also speed ranges in which flow may be turbulent or smooth.&#xA;  These speeds are given by Reynolds number. A medium pacer uses this&#xA;  middle critical region of speed, where the flow may be smooth or&#xA;  turbulent, to swing the ball. The rough side of the ball has turbulent&#xA;  flow whereas the smooth side of the ball has smooth flow in this&#xA;  critical range of speed. Hence, air on the rough side fails to catch&#xA;  up with the air on the smooth side creating a low pressure region on&#xA;  the rough side. This tends to deviate the ball on the rough side in&#xA;  normal swing. Reverse swing can only occur when both sides of the ball&#xA;  has turbulent flow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is only possible at high speeds. Pakistani bowlers did research&#xA;  to achieve these high speeds only and nothing else. Wasim Akram even&#xA;  advised Irfan Pathan to achieve high speeds back as always after the&#xA;  T20 world cup. Bernoulli principle comes into effect at these high&#xA;  speeds and it makes air speed low on the rough side and fast on the&#xA;  smooth side. Faster speed on the smooth side leads to air being&#xA;  vanished more quickly on the smooth side creating a low pressure&#xA;  region as explained by Bernoulli principle. Hence, the reverse swing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Second:- There is a famous principle in Physics discovered by Daniel&#xA;  Bernoulli :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bernoulli's Principle states that for an ideal fluid (low speed air is&#xA;  a good approximation), with no work being performed on the fluid, an&#xA;  increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure&#xA;  or a change in the fluid's gravitational potential energy. It is named&#xA;  after the Dutch/Swiss mathematician/scientist Daniel Bernoulli, though&#xA;  it was previously understood by Leonhard Euler and others.(wikipedia) &#xA;  It explains how aircraft wings keep an aircraft flying high up in the&#xA;  sky, when common sense tells us that an object heavier than ten&#xA;  elephants put together, should drop down like a stone.   But how does&#xA;  it help a pace bowler playing cricket?   It helps pace bowlers who&#xA;  know the art of swing bowling. A ball bowled (thrown down the length&#xA;  of a cricket pitch) at high speed &quot;swings&quot;, i.e. moves left or right,&#xA;  making it difficult for the batsman to read its trajectory.   To&#xA;  understand this, let us look at the cricket ball :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The newball is smooth on all sides to begin with, but after a few&#xA;  overs are bowled, the surface becomes rough, thanks to the beating it&#xA;  receives from the batsman and the bowler who slams the ball down on&#xA;  the rough earth. The swing bowler takes advantage of this condition of&#xA;  the ball by applying saliva and rubbing only one side vigorously on a&#xA;  piece of cloth (usually his trouser). What results is a ball with a&#xA;  surface that is smooth on one side of the seam and rough on the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When such a ball is bowled at a high velocity with the seam vertical&#xA;  and in the same plane as the moving ball, it moves right if the&#xA;  smoother surface is on the right and to the left if the smoother&#xA;  surface is on the left, as seen by the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The reason is as follows. The rough side slows down the air due to&#xA;  friction whereas the smoother side allows the air to pass by at a&#xA;  greater speed. According to Bernoulli's principle, greater the air&#xA;  speed, lesser the pressure. So there is a pressure differential that&#xA;  pushes the ball in the direction of the smoother side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;John Lever, an English bowler, once used vaseline from his forehead to&#xA;  shine the ball, giving him an unfair advantage over the batsman. He&#xA;  was caught by the Indian umpire Reuben who reported the incident to&#xA;  the English captain Tony Greig. The Indian captain Bishen Singh Bedi&#xA;  complained to the cricketing authorities but the Indian board buried&#xA;  the whole matter in an effort to please the English board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Conclusion:-&#xA;        The more the ball become old, the more it become rough and the chance of occurring of  Bernoulli's Principle become more. that`s the&#xA;  reason behind your question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9501" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-04T13:35:30.887" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T13:35:30.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4302" CreationDate="2015-06-04T06:27:46.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seam bowling = Movement as a result of deviation due to pitching on the seam on the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swing bowling = Movement as a result of difference in air pressure on heavier and lighter side of the ball, has got nothing to do with seam&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good swing bowlers: Well most people get some sort of swing but to be a paradigm of swing bowling consider Hoggard, Pathan, Rana Naved ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of seamers who generally find it hard to swing - Harmison, Zaheer, Razzaq, Ntini etc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most bowlers are a combination of both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past the great swingers were waqar, morrison, kapil&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the great seamers were walsh etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9462" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T06:27:46.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10433" CreationDate="2015-06-04T07:55:59.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the suggestion that this question could be asked at all is a little baffling you only really need to look as far as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Disgrace of Gijon&lt;/a&gt; for proof of why match fixing should be illegal even if you take the bookmakers out of the picture.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were Austrian or West German would you be proud of these actions?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you Algerian would you be happy with this outcome?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastEditorUserId="8957" LastEditDate="2015-06-04T08:02:15.643" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T08:02:15.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10425" CreationDate="2015-06-04T09:35:35.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Power_Unit_and_ERS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless he drives for more than one team, each driver may use no more than four power units during a championship season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The power unit is deemed to consist of six separate elements, of which five of each are available to a driver during the season before they are penalised. The elements are [various defined items].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each driver is permitted to use only four of each of the above six elements during a championship season and any combination of them may be fitted to a car at any one time. Should a driver use more than four of any of the six power unit elements during the course of a season, a grid penalty will be imposed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In simpler language: an &amp;quot;engine&amp;quot; consists of six different &amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;. Each driver may replace each part four times before receiving a penalty. They are further limited so that they cannot replace all parts four times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus for the purposes of the engine replacement limit, the &amp;quot;engine&amp;quot; is counted as one complete set of the engine components available. When you've used one complete set of components, you've used one engine. When you've used four complete sets of components, regardless of the order in which you replaced any specific components, you've used four engines and won't be allowed any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the Racecar of Theseus, it's all still the same engine until you've replaced everything at least once - then for the purpose of counting engines, that's when it becomes a new one!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T09:35:35.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10433" CreationDate="2015-06-04T12:15:57.347" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The issues with match fixing boil down to fraud from multiple areas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most sports get some sort of break from the government in order help them keep afloat. This could be as simple as tax breaks or protections from anti-trust laws when they are the only league for that sport in the country. Because of this they are held to higher standards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is the issue of money made from the market size and popularity of a team. A league stands to make much more money when teams with large market size and large popularity play, negative popularity included. What that means is that a league can have incentive to ensure that small market teams with a small audience don't do as well as larger market teams and popular players in order to maximize the revenue from attendance, tv, radio, advertising. A good way to look at this is when you see some playoff/tournament games that have a very low attendance and an almost empty audience. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Contracts, have a big play in this as there are a lot of performance based rewards in contracts and fixing matches can cause players/managers/teams to lose out on money that they would have gotten if the fix keeps them from reaching certain goals. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also there is the issue of endorsements that can be gained by successful players and teams. If there is match fixing going on then players who might be earning the endorsements and money could end out missing a lot of money due to other players throwing/fixing matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gambling, especially where it is legal, is a big one as it normally causes a lot of people to lose money and a small group of people to make a large amount of money. This in essence is the biggest problem of fraud as when people make the wagers they are assuming that everyone involved in the match is going to give it their best and try to win. Not that they are going to either throw the match or keep the score within a certain range so that someone else can make a lot of money.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other areas where money can be greatly impacted by match fixing but these are the ones that quickly come to my mind when it comes to match fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8912" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T12:15:57.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9190" CreationDate="2015-06-05T02:19:30.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sequence of games is decided by the specific tournament rules. For example, La Copa Libertadores (South American Champions) starts similar to the World Cup: 32 teams in 8 groups of 4, the top teams of each group advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But them the group leaders are ordered by number of points and other criteria from 1 to 8, number 1 is the best team; group runner-ups are also ordered from 1 to 8. Then the best leader (number 1) plays against the worst runner-up (number 8); leader #2 x runner-up #7; etc...). By this arrangement, it is possible that two teams of the same group play again in the round of 16. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Copa_Libertadores&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; is easier to see how it works. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T02:19:30.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10434" CreationDate="2015-06-05T05:45:25.993" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Harvard. Brown. Dartmouth. Quinnipiac. West Chester. Army. Lindenwood. Bowdoin. Eastern Illinios. Central Washington. Colorado Tech. Norwich. New England College. Life. Davenport. Sacred Heart. *Penn State. *Notre Dame College.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9506" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T05:45:25.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3165" CreationDate="2015-06-05T11:25:40.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another reason why odds change as you get closer to the event is that you have more information available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in a test cricket match the odds of winning or loosing may change dramatically based on the outcome of the toss and so that isn't known until just before the start and so the odds will change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T11:31:05.370" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T11:31:05.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2727" CreationDate="2015-06-05T13:53:31.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hawk Eye is in general more accurate than the human eye but that doesn't mean it's 100% perfect. It will always remain an approximation of the &quot;ground truth&quot;. With clay courts we have the unique ability to see the actual physical mark. This hard, physical evidence should be always preferred to approximation, no matter how accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9510" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T13:53:31.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-05T14:35:33.963" Score="6" ViewCount="6764" Body="&lt;p&gt;For singles, the seeding in the tournaments is rather straightforward: We simply look at the rankings and the players with top 8 (or 16 or 32) rankings are seeded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for doubles competition we cannot use such simple procedure. There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Rankings&quot;&gt;ATP rankings&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Rankings&quot;&gt;WTA rankings&lt;/a&gt; (and, in the case of junior events, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_tennis&quot;&gt;ITF rankings&lt;/a&gt;) for doubles. However, the players are ranked individually. For example, it might happen that in a tournament player which is No. 1 in doubles plays together with the player who is No.4. If the players ranked 2nd and 3rd would enter the same tournament, which of these couples would be ranked higher? Or is the seeding somehow calculated based on the number of the points each player have gained?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar question can be asked about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_doubles_(tennis)&quot;&gt;mixed doubles&lt;/a&gt;. (Although mixed doubles competition is not played at many tournaments. I am only aware Grand Slams, Olympic Games, Hopman Cup and Youth Olympics.) I am unaware of a ranking for mixed doubles. Is the ranking in this case somehow combined from the doubles ATP and WTA rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Based on what are couples in doubles competition seeded?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the procedure to obtain doubles seeds the same for Grand Slams, ATP tournaments, WTA tournaments, junior tournaments?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about mixed doubles?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T15:09:02.527" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T10:27:49.783" Title="How are doubles seeds calculated?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10444" CreationDate="2015-06-06T07:13:23.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer my question at least partially I will add what I found out when reading ATP and WTA rulebook. In case I misunderstood something, I will be grateful for any corrections or new answers to my question. (This answer does not contain anything about Grand Slams and junior tournaments, which are governed by ITF. I also did not mention mixed doubles. But I think that it is very probable that the rules there are the same.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the seeding is decided based on combined ranking, which means adding together the rankings of the two players (in the ATP/WTA doubles ranking). In case the combined ranking are equal (for example, if players ranked 1 and 4 enter the tournament together and so do players number 2 and 3), further tie-breakers are used. They are specified in details in the ATP/WTA rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant part from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 ATP rulebook&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VII. THE COMPETITION&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7.13 Selection of Entries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. Doubles Main Draw - ATP World Tour and ATP Challenger Tour Direct acceptances for ATP World Tour and ATP Challenger Tour events shall be in the following order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Teams composed of players in either the Emirates ATP Rankings or the Emirates ATP Doubles Rankings. The combined positions of the two players (using best Emirates ATP Rankings (singles or doubles) shall be added together and the total used to determine the direct acceptances. The most recent Emirates ATP Rankings and/or Emirates ATP Doubles Rankings list, including a protected ranking, shall be used. Ties shall be resolved as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a) Team using two (2) singles rankings.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b) Team using one (1) singles ranking.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c) A team using a protected ranking is positioned below the other team(s); if one player on each team is using a protected ranking then the position of each remaining player determines which team is positioned higher.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d) For ties between teams with the same composition, priority will be given to the team with the strongest individual Emirates ATP Rankings, including protected ranking, or for teams using two Emirates ATP Doubles Rankings, the fewest number of tournaments played and then the team with the highest number of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D. Seeds - ATP World Tour and ATP Challenger Tour&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Seeded teams will be determined by using the combined Emirates ATP Doubles Rankings of the two players (protected ranking not included). Ties shall be broken as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1) The team with the fewest events played is positioned higher.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2) The team with the highest number of points is positioned higher.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3) A coin flip or draw if a tie remains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant part from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/rules2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 WTA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Doubles Main Draw&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;c. Acceptance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i. Doubles acceptance will be based on the WTA Doubles Rankings the week prior to the start of play (the same date rankings used for the singles seeding).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ii. Entry cutoffs and seeding will be determined by the highest combined ranking of the teams entered. If teams are tied, the tie-break procedure will be in the following order:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (a) Team with the greatest combined total points;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (b) Team with the highest combined ranking from the previous week; and&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (c) Team with the fewest combined number of Tournaments played over the previous 52-week period.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  iii. For entries and seeding, unranked players will be assigned a rank&#xA;  of one (1) plus the lowest player listed on the most current ranking&#xA;  used for the acceptances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T10:27:49.783" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T10:27:49.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10451" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10464" CreationDate="2015-06-07T05:20:42.673" Score="4" ViewCount="9117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the winger supposed to stay wide? Does he have a special function apart from piercing through the wing? &#xA;Does he have to track back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastActivityDate="2020-06-14T22:49:02.580" Title="What is the primary role of a winger?" Tags="|football|formations|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10452" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-07T05:27:49.117" Score="-10" ViewCount="4094" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman's bat breaks while he is hitting a shot and a fielder catches the broken bat - not the ball - is the batsman out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9521" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-06-08T09:00:33.993" LastActivityDate="2019-06-01T12:15:24.237" Title="Is a batsman out if his broken bat is caught?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10452" CreationDate="2015-06-07T06:21:53.687" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the laws of cricket (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught&lt;/a&gt;) clearly state that a batsman can only be out caught if the fielder catches the ball fully within the field of play without it bouncing after touching the batsman's bat or glove.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other modes of dismissal (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_cricket#Ways_to_get_out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_cricket#Ways_to_get_out&lt;/a&gt;) none of which involve the fielder catching the batsman's bat (broken or otherwise). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9516" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T06:21:53.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5467" CreationDate="2015-06-07T09:48:25.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Bowling index is the Bowlers average multiplied by runs conceeded per ball (This calculation is mentioned in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/541322.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Batting index (at least as defined by NatWest T20) is the sum of the batsmans run rate and his strike rate. (As mentioned in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/thestands/content/story/752205.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9516" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T09:48:25.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10477" CreationDate="2015-06-07T12:39:27.657" Score="7" ViewCount="5915" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the main specific differences between F1 and Indy cars. Such as weight limits, engine restrictions, fuel, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9523" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T21:54:41.927" Title="Formula One and Indy Cars" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-07T17:08:08.090" Score="4" ViewCount="962" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the minimum age for a player to play the ICC Under 19 World Cup? I have tried but cannot know it from any one.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9525" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-08T14:03:37.787" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T11:35:56.800" Title="Regarding age of a player in the the ICC Under 19 World Cup" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2015-06-07T20:06:03.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sport around the world is about success on the field and the fans, in the US it is a franchise to make money. The owners of a team like the Mets for instance would rather come last every year in the 'Majors' and have the season over before half the games are played, than play in the 'second division' at the top of the league, simply because they would make more money from TV coverage in the 'Majors'. It isn't in the American mind to be second best, even when (as with many teams) you clearly are second best, and have to play teams many times better than you all season. In the US it's about the money the franchise can bring, in the rest of the world it is about being as good as you can be, whether that is PL Champions or 4th tier runners up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9526" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T20:06:03.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10458" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10677" CreationDate="2015-06-07T21:41:25.480" Score="5" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both before and after the Belmont Stakes on Saturday, I noticed that the horses and jockeys were accompanied by men wearing red vests over white shirts, who were also on horses. They first led the procession to the track, then stayed in the rear while the horses entered the gate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the race, one of the men rode alongside Victor Espinoza as American Pharoah cooled down after the race. At first, as I had thought earlier, it seemed that the men were merely there to ensure that everything went fine and the horses went where they were supposed to go. However, I noticed that Espinoza was talking and laughing with the man after the race, and America Pharoah appeared the be nuzzling the other horse, indicating that the two pairs knew each other. That seemed to cast doubt on my first theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who are the red-vest-wearing men? Are they officials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A picture can be seen &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/belmont-american-pharoah-burger-king-photobomb-article-1.2249254&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, later in the article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C3nbT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;horses and riders alongside American Pharoah&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9528" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-08T13:12:35.510" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T15:26:14.757" Title="Who are the other horses and riders alongside Americah Pharoah?" Tags="|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10456" CreationDate="2015-06-08T05:45:19.777" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no limit for minimum age. If a young player is good enough he can make into the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T05:45:19.777" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10460" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10461" CreationDate="2015-06-08T07:38:32.340" Score="2" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;I help to run a five-a-side tournament with my scout group; we tend to have around 40 teams which split across 4 age groups. We can't run full round-robins at the group stage, so instead we run 4 games for each team, award points and put the best teams through to a knockout round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fixtures are all pre-arranged the day before, so if a team doesn't show up on the day it's sometimes not possible to avoid the situation where a bye has to be awarded to some of the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, what's the correct score to award? We award 3 points for a win, 2 for a score draw and 1 for nil-nil. In practice goal difference often decides who goes through to the knockouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FWIW my own answer would probably be to award a score draw, which might avoid introducing an unfair advantage without penalising the team for missing a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9530" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T07:53:30.290" Title="Five a side tournament - awarding bye's in a partial round robin" Tags="|football|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10460" CreationDate="2015-06-08T07:53:30.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no simple answer to this - you can probably make a reasonable case for any result apart from a loss. If this is causing a big problem for your tournaments, you probably need to rethink the tournament structure - have you considered e.g. running pools for the first but of the tournament, so the effect is limited to just that pool, rather than affecting the whole age bracket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T07:53:30.290" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3702" CreationDate="2015-06-08T09:25:54.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes its allowed, and someone has done it now!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During Worcestershire's stint in the field, their captain Daryl Mitchell asked wicketkeeper Ben Cox to ditch his gloves and pads and become an extra fielder - leaving no one behind the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ploy developed as an extension of MS Dhoni's decision to stand back to the spinners while keeping for India in the Test series in England last summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires, after consultation, allowed it. &quot;In a game when you're trying to stop the opposition scoring, it's a legitimate tactic,&quot; Steve Rhodes, the Worcestershire director of cricket, said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moeen's second over - the 16th of the innings - saw Cox remove gloves and pads and go to fly-slip, with no one standing up to the stumps. Umpires Nick Cook and Graham Lloyd conferred at length and allowed play to continue, with Mitchell persisting in the tactic for the spinners from thereon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/county-cricket-2015/content/story/884583.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Worcestershire ditch keeper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9532" LastEditorUserId="9532" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T09:29:04.800" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T09:29:04.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10451" CreationDate="2015-06-08T15:25:43.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the modern game there are two kind of wingers: wing-backs and attacking wingers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between a wing-back and a full-back is that the former has more attacking duties, mostly because there are no wide midfielders or wide attackers in the team.&#xA;Usually a 5-defenders formation contains wing-backs, where you have 3 center backs, so the two side defenders can roam almost freely on the wings and help the attack. Having 3 central defenders protects the defence on counters in the absence of the side defenders.&#xA;4-men-defences can also have wing-backs: just look at Marcelo (Real Madrid) or Dani Alves (Barcelona), they help a lot in the attack and usually are part of the attacking construction. But in their cases the team needs to be able to cover their defensive spots. Usually a midfielder can conver in case of a counter.&#xA;The wing-back's job in attack is to make runs, receive the ball wide of the pitch, cut it back or cross it to the froward(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An attacking winger (or wide forward) is an offensive player who usually receives the ball close to the side line, dribbels, cuts inside or crosses the ball. They are usually very fast and have great ball skills. Usually they play in a 4-3-3 or 4-2-3-1 formation in attack, but often the formation changes to 4-5-1 or 4-4-2 when defending and the wingers become right and/or left defensive midfielders. Example: Gareth Bale (Real Madrid) is the right forward on attack and becomes the right midfielder on defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While wingers mostly play close to the side line, it's not usual for them to cut into the middle, especially in attack. Wide forwards often cut inside to shoot with their inside foot, like Arjen Robben (Bayern), or to stretch the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9533" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T15:25:43.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10466" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-08T15:34:25.673" Score="3" ViewCount="749" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Williams_%28American_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Leonard Williams&lt;/a&gt;, a defensive end, wears number 62 for the Jets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why can a defensive lineman wear a number in the 60s?&lt;/strong&gt; My understanding was that 62 was for an offensive guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9334" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T13:10:31.247" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T13:10:31.247" Title="Why can a defensive lineman wear a number in the 60s?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10466" CreationDate="2015-06-08T15:42:44.693" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.about.com/cs/football101/a/bl_numbersystem.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this chart&lt;/a&gt;, the number 62 is designated for Offensive Line and Defensive Line.  As Leonard Williams is a Defensive Lineman, he is more than welcome to wear #62.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1-9 Quarterbacks and Kickers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10-19 Quarterbacks, Receivers, Tight Ends, and Kickers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20-49 Running Backs and Defensive Backs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;50-59 Centers and Linebackers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;60-79 Defensive Linemen and Offensive Linemen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;80-89 Receivers and Tight Ends (or 40-49 if those ranges are taken)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;90-99 Defensive Linemen and Linebackers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His college number of 94 is currently being worn by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newyorkjets.com/team/roster/Damon-Harrison/19c33ca4-9bf3-47cc-9117-42f4ad449024&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Damon Harrison&lt;/a&gt;, also a Defensive Lineman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T15:42:44.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10472" CreationDate="2015-06-08T20:12:42.247" Score="6" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching the 2015 world cup and wandering what the gender balance of head coaches/managers is in the women's game. What percentage of head coaches in the women's game are female?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in numbers for the 2015 world cup teams, national teams in general, and some of the bigger women's leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T13:37:26.210" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T13:37:26.210" Title="How many head coaches/managers in women's football are women?" Tags="|football|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-08T22:48:54.337" Score="11" ViewCount="1683" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the NBA get paid by the networks for playoff games?  Do they get more money the more games that are played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9537" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-06-08T22:23:43.107" LastActivityDate="2020-09-22T20:07:05.760" Title="How does the NBA get paid by the networks for playoff games?" Tags="|basketball|nba|finances|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10469" CreationDate="2015-06-09T01:45:56.983" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This year 24 teams are playing the World Cup, with 7 female coaches (almost 30%). Considering all national teams, there are 107 male and 64 female coaches (37%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Women/General/02/03/27/84/2032784_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot;&gt;According to UEFA&lt;/a&gt;, the number of female coaches in Europe varies from 60% in Bulgaria to less than 2% in many countries.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T01:45:56.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10456" CreationDate="2015-06-09T11:35:56.800" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.africacricket.org/pdf%27s/32_qualification_rules_u19_age_determination_policy.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; document, there is no where mentioned minimum age limitation so it can be smoothly assumed that there is no minimum age limit &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3394" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T11:35:56.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10474" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-10T04:24:39.227" Score="6" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to measure althetic performance in a game of football. I am thinking some sort of consumer level GPS product, a bit like &lt;a href=&quot;http://gpsports.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this product&lt;/a&gt; but that seems not available on a personal level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does what I am looking for exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9543" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T07:47:38.820" Title="Methods to track player movements including distance" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10455" CreationDate="2015-06-10T10:07:45.260" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many differences between F1 cars and Indy/Champ cars, too many to list here but the basic difference is that F1 cars are more technologically advanced than Indy cars, as you would expect as F1 is the pinnacle of motorsport.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Current F1 cars have hybrid engine systems including ERS (Electronic Recovery Systems) that harvest energy such as braking energy and allow the driver to deploy this as an extra boost to performance, typically F1 cars generate around 750 HP plus an extra 100 HP or so when the ERS is being deployed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for 2015 mean all F1 teams have V6 turbo charged engines, with a capacity of 1.6 litres, fuel used is &quot;normal&quot; petrol/gasoline. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indy cars use Ethanol as their fuel and their engines are 2.2 litre V6 twin-turbo, up to 700 HP power output (Plus push to pass, extra ~100 HP).  So engine power is fairly similar for both types, the F1 car having a small advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F1 cars are very light, they can have a minimum weight of 600 kgs under the 2015 rules and so with driver and fuel included they are around the 750 kg mark at the start of the race (including up to 100 kg of fuel).  Indy cars are around 25% heavier at ~750 Kg plus driver and fuel.  This is one of the main reasons F1 cars are quicker around a circuit compared to Indy cars as they can accelerate more quickly (better power to weight ratio) and also stop more quickly.  They are also more nimble with quicker cornering speeds due to better aerodynamics and shorter wheelbase.  Indy cars are designed (largely) for oval circuits which means they have a longer wheelbase to give more stability but this makes then slightly less agile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Acceleration for an F1 car (typical) - I cannot find similar data for Indy Cars but they will be slower due to the extra weight etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0-100 Kmh / 62 MPH  1.7 s&#xA;0-200 Kmh / 124 MPH 3.8 s&#xA;0-300 Kmh / 186 MPH 8.6 s&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top speeds for both cars are fairly similar, around the 240 MPH mark.  F1 cars are geared to whatever circuit they are racing at though, so a lot of tracks they will be topping out at significantly lower speeds, ie 170 MPH is typical at Monaco (no long straights) whilst around Monza it is over the 220 MPH mark.  Indy cars generally race at Ovals and faster circuits so they will achieve their top speed more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F1 has carbon fibre brakes which perform a lot better than the steel brakes used by Indy cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2006 both F1 and Champ Cars raced around the Circuit Gilles Villenuve, Montreal, Canada.  The F1 cars were 5-7 seconds a lap quicker than the Indy cars, pole was set by Fernando Alonso with a 1m 14.942 lap and the Indy Car pole was 1m 20.005s set by Sebastien Bourdais.  The fastest laps under race conditions were slightly further apart with the F1 cars around 7 seconds a lap quicker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F1 teams will run on a budget of around £200M per year (for the top teams such as Ferrari) compared to a budget around £15M for a top Indy Car team such as Newman/Haas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where possible I am referring to current ie 2015 rules but some examples are from different years, in which case I have given the relevant year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of this has come from Wikipedia but I have used other sources as well.  I will add to this answer wheere possible as I want to get the accelleration figures for Indy cars but that's not very forthcoming!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T10:07:45.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10478" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10479" CreationDate="2015-06-10T15:32:38.263" Score="4" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;What should the referee do if a coach, during the game, throws the ball such that it hits the referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9540" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T15:48:42.203" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T15:48:42.203" Title="Coach throws the ball against the referee" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10478" CreationDate="2015-06-10T15:48:18.303" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the assumption that the ball was thrown deliberately or recklessly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Law 5&lt;/a&gt; means the Referee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a&#xA;  responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of&#xA;  play and its immediate surrounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hit the referee by accident, for example because the coach was attempting to return it to a player and the referee got in the way, then clearly no action should be taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T15:48:18.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7367" CreationDate="2015-06-10T18:53:47.763" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consistency. That is the most effective way to beat a player who is at a higher level than you, especially someone who doesn't have topspin or great form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice what my coach used to call your &quot;rally ball.&quot; This is a topspin ball that should land around three-quarters court and should pass high (4-5 feet) over the net. If you are able to hit a ball like this consistently, you will suddenly find yourself beating players that play at higher levels. This shot is penetrating enough that your opponent will not be able to take advantage and hit offensive shots consistently, but it can extend a rally long enough for her to make an unforced error, give you a short ball, or get frustrated and go for an offensive shot from the baseline (which is very low percentage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please not that I am NOT telling you to push the ball. The rally ball is not a weak lob; it is a driving shot with topspin that will force your opponent to stay behind the baseline where her hard, flat shots will often miss long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T18:53:47.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10474" CreationDate="2015-06-11T09:47:11.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're talking about measuring your own performance, there are certain shoes which have a gps tracker installed. For example the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gizmag.com/adidas-adizero-f50-football-boot/20030/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Adidas F50 adizero&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;If you don't want to buy an extra shoe for this there are also various sports watches with gps-trackers installed.&lt;/s&gt; As mentioned in comments, wearing accessories is not allowed in official games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9546" LastEditorUserId="9546" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T14:31:25.073" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T14:31:25.073" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10483" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-06-11T11:22:26.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Davis Cup&lt;/a&gt; is men's international team competition. It is governed by ITF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T15:57:16.827" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T15:57:16.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10484" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-06-11T11:22:26.320" Score="0" Body="For questions about the Davis Cup competition in Lawn Tennis." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T12:21:10.920" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T12:21:10.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10486" CreationDate="2015-06-11T12:46:54.113" Score="7" ViewCount="4420" Body="&lt;p&gt;I never realized this until both teams played home series on 9-10 June 2015 (and continuing on 11 June 2015, for the Mets), but apparently when the Yankees play at home the Mets play away, and vice-versa. What's the reason for this? And has it always been this way? What about when the Dodgers and Giants were located here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9548" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:03:57.883" LastActivityDate="2021-05-09T14:38:41.313" Title="Why do the Yankees and Mets usually have opposite home/away schedules?" Tags="|baseball|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10485" CreationDate="2015-06-11T16:20:40.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can find little official as to &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; they play opposite.  Many possible reasons exist; the most logical seems simply to make it so the maximum total games can be attended by those who are fans of both teams (I'm sure there are a few), and in particular businesspeople who take out visitors or clients to games are most likely to have a game available to take their clients to.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure that the other reasons givem by @Braamstruik in the comments really apply to baseball; Shea Stadium and Yankee Stadium are not particularly close, and police presence at baseball games is fairly minimal at most times (compared to the size of the total NYPD force, anyway), though perhaps it is a consideration.  Chicago does not have this concept of home and away alternation with its two teams; the Cubs and White Sox regularly play at home on the same day, though they do usually have home openers on different days than each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only real discussion I've found online of this topic is articles about the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/11/sports/baseball/for-first-time-yankees-and-mets-will-open-season-at-home-on-same-day.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 Home Opener&lt;/a&gt; which was for the first time since the 1950s held on the same day for both teams.  Reasons for that occurence were that with the 15 team league and interleague play, it was more difficult to keep that aspect of scheduling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the other part of the question; during the period of 1903-1957, there were &lt;em&gt;three&lt;/em&gt; teams in New York (the Yankees, the Dodgers, and the Giants), and so they certainly could not have had consistently played a similar schedule, though I imagine they didn't very often have all three playing home dates on the same day (just by coincidence if not by intent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T16:20:40.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10490" CreationDate="2015-06-12T18:10:20.993" Score="6" ViewCount="10729" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the conditions that make a hand pass legal or illegal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen players swat the puck to a teammate and not get whistled for the a hand pass and I have see players get whistled for what seems to be the same play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have these rules changed in somewhat recent times?  I don't remember ever seeing the play continue on a hand pass.  I started noticing it in the last year or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T08:02:28.540" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T13:34:50.797" Title="What determines if a hand pass is legal in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10505" CreationDate="2015-06-12T18:13:07.737" Score="4" ViewCount="9976" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the NBA Finals game 4 last night, LeBron was injured on a shooting attempt where he was fouled.  The announcers said that if he didn't shoot the free throws, that he would not be able to come back in the game at all.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that the rule was that he could sub out and the opposing coach could choose any player to take his free throws (he would naturally choose the worst free throw shooter), but that LeBron could come back in after that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-24T18:49:56.137" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T18:49:56.137" Title="Offensive Player Injured on Foul" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10488" CreationDate="2015-06-12T18:52:10.210" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26478&quot;&gt;rule 67&lt;/a&gt; in the NHL rule book. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;67.1 Handling Puck - A player shall be permitted to stop or “bat” a puck in the air with his open hand, or push it along the ice with his hand, and the play shall not be stopped unless, in the opinion of the Referee, he has deliberately directed the puck to a teammate in any zone other than the defending zone, in which case the play shall be stopped and  a face-off conducted (see Rule 79 – Hand Pass). Play will not be stopped for any hand pass by players in their own defending zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically you can only make a legal hand pass if you are in the defensive zone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9551" LastActivityDate="2015-06-12T18:52:10.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10545" CreationDate="2015-06-12T21:21:49.080" Score="9" ViewCount="10240" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played on a pool league (TAP league, 8-ball) a few years ago and some of us pondered what would happen according to the rules if a pool player made either all solids or stripes on the break (but not the 8 ball).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We figured (with our rules anyway), since any balls made on the break does not automatically determine which color you had to make for that game, then you would be forced to go for whatever the other color was still on the table, essentially putting your opponent on the 8-ball as soon as one was made.  I would figure that either player wouldn't want that situation so they would both most likely choose to stalemate (unless a player was confident they could run the table), but I was wondering if there was any precedent or rule for this situation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh yea, and spare me any responses like &quot;It's probably not possible so don't worry about it!&quot;.  Just asking out of fun curiosity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thoughts?  Stories?  Please share!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9552" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-06-19T00:02:50.473" LastActivityDate="2015-06-19T00:02:50.473" Title="What happens when all the same color balls (solids or stripes) go in on the break?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10493" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-12T23:29:24.627" Score="3" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a strong swimmer, and I'm not positive I could swim back to shore if my leash were to snap. I understand this is a major risk, and I'm taking steps to mitigate it (I've begun private swimming lessons, and I practice at a local pool a few times a week), but this is my last summer in the West Coast and I'm not willing to wait on the sidelines and watch the summer go by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I'd been looking at the swell height, &lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt; 1-2 ft. today for my area &lt;a href=&quot;http://magicseaweed.com/Solana-Beach-Surf-Report/294/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Magic Seaweed&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MUSZa.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also learned that waves seem calmer during high tide (and please correct me if that's a faulty or oversimplified assumption).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But last week I went on a 1-2 ft. day during high tide and the waves turned out to be randomly sized with occasional massive (4-5 ft.) sets. And the water was so choppy, I felt I was being rocked from all sides and struggling to keep balance on my board. What went wrong in the forecast? Or more likely, my reading of it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the secondary and tertiary swells have to do with choppiness? Should I read more into some of the other stats, like swell periods or wind speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In short, how should I read a surf report, as a beginning surfer and weak swimmer, and what, if any, are some danger signs I should look out for?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4976" LastActivityDate="2015-06-12T23:29:24.627" Title="How can I determine safe surfing conditions from a surf report for a beginner?" Tags="|injuries|surfing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10496" CreationDate="2015-06-13T00:10:13.253" Score="5" ViewCount="2557" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am watching the Women's soccer/football World Cup. So far, all the refs I have seen have been women. Now that I think about it, during the men's World Cup I only saw men as refs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this in fact the case? Are all the refs in the Women's World Cup women, and all the refs in the Men's World Cup men?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, is this a rule, directly or indirectly? (An example of an indirect rule might be that all refs must have played in the league/association which would imply a gender requirement without explicitly stating one.) Are there any rule differences or reasons why the two referee populations would not have significant overlap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T12:39:33.417" Title="Are World Cup refs all the same gender as the teams?" Tags="|football|officiating|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10495" CreationDate="2015-06-13T01:04:25.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prior to 1995, all referees for international matches (men's and women's) came from the same list. In 1994, four female assistant referees made it onto the list for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1995, FIFA decided to keep two separate lists of referees - one for women's football (that only female referees were eligible for) and one for men's referees. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1999 Women's World Cup, all officials at the tournament were selected from the women's list for the first time - previously there weren't enough on the list and the vacant spots had to be filled by referees from the men's list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've grabbed this historical information from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/news/y=2002/m=2/news=the-national-association-role-the-development-women-referees-81200.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article on FIFA's website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my own background as a referee, I'm aware that most national associations (particularly in Western nations) try to ensure that for national women's leagues, female referees are chosen first. Unfortunately, there are still not enough female referees to cover all of the games, so some of the spots, particularly for assistant referees are filled by developing male referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the lowest levels of the game, there is a complete shortage of referees, so generally women and men referee both women's and men's football. There aren't enough female referees to solely cover the women's games, and the standard of play in the men's football is poor enough that the average fitness/speed disparity between men and women doesn't even really come into play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-17T10:38:16.573" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T10:38:16.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3639" CreationDate="2015-06-13T10:23:52.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience, every player goes through the same situation and all it comes down to your straight cueing and your stance. It is very important to learn the basic style of snooker which includes your grip and position of your elbow arm and wrist which should be straight to perfection in every shot you play in snooker. My suggestion would be to stick with the basic style and try to practice straight blues with aiming in the middle of cue ball. Remember it is very important to aim in the center of cue ball that's how you start learning the stun shots and you get better and better every time you play. Good player knows while cueing that it's gonna be a successful shot because of the feel he gets by cueing straight and follow the basics. Also it is not a bad option to skip a day if u are feeling worst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9559" LastEditorUserId="9559" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T10:37:52.650" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T10:37:52.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10500" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-13T13:34:41.963" Score="1" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why would a recently drafted player sign for less than slot value?  This is their only chance to make some money before making the big club if that ever happens?  Seems to me it is not in the players best interest to sign for less money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9561" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T13:34:41.963" Title="Why would a recently drafted player sign for less than slot value?" Tags="|mlb|draft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-13T17:26:48.593" Score="10" ViewCount="2578" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are fast bowlers called to be in a general advantage on a rainy day. Why does the ball swings more on such a day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9562" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T16:41:49.597" Title="What makes a rainy day more suitable for fast bowlers?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10503" CreationDate="2015-06-13T17:33:32.613" Score="4" ViewCount="578" Body="&lt;p&gt;What food are the players served with, during a test match? I am asking this since they have to play game for 3-4 hours from the lunch time as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9562" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T20:31:30.473" Title="What food are the players served in a break?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10502" CreationDate="2015-06-13T18:52:54.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It completely depends on the venue. A &quot;traditional&quot; cricket tea in the UK &amp;amp; Ireland would consist of sandwiches, cakes and scones, with hot tea, but traditions vary across the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, though, the venue provides the catering, and what's served depends on cost, budget, dietary requirements of players &amp;amp; officials and tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T18:52:54.730" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10502" CreationDate="2015-06-13T20:40:54.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the match has lunch and tea, Lunch is usually a warm meal, with Tea being sandwiches, cakes etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lunch would typically be something like pasta or perhaps chicken and rice.  The last all day game I umpired in we had a chicken currey with Rice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T20:40:54.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10489" CreationDate="2015-06-14T16:27:37.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are thinking of the NCAA rule, in the NBA the injured player cannot reenter the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the rule from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_9.htmlhttp://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_9.html?nav=articlelist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nba.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section II-Shooting of Free Throw &#xA;  a. The free throw(s) awarded because of a personal foul shall be attempted by the offended player. &#xA;  EXCEPTIONS: &#xA;  (1) If the offended player is injured or is ejected from the game and cannot attempt the awarded free throw(s), the opposing coach shall select, from his opponent's bench, the player who will replace the injured player. That player will attempt the free throw(s) and &lt;strong&gt;the injured player will not be permitted to re-enter the game.&lt;/strong&gt; The substitute must remain in the game until the next dead ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_9.htmlhttp://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_9.html?nav=articlelist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WNBA&lt;/a&gt; website compares the differences in this rule between the NCAA, the NBA, and the WNBA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULE: OPPOSING COACH OR COACH OF INJURED PLAYER SELECTS THE SUBSTITUTE TO ATTEMPT FREE THROWS &#xA;  NCAA: A coach of an offended player (who cannot attempt free throw(s) can select a substitute player to attempt free throw(s)&#xA;  NBA: If an offended player cannot attempt free throws (due to injury), the opposing coach may select (from his opponents bench) a player to attempt free throw(s). &lt;strong&gt;The injured player may not return to the game.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  WNBA: NBA&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T16:27:37.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-14T21:19:17.190" Score="5" ViewCount="14479" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the MLB record for most errors committed by a single player on a single play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wondered about this today, when Giants shortstop Brandon Crawford was charged with two errors on the same play in the second inning.  (With a runner at second, Crawford booted a ground ball, then threw wildly to first, allowing the runner from second to score.)  I imagine this must happen with some regularity, but I had never seen it before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newsday.com/sports/baseball/yankees/tommy-john-once-made-three-errors-on-one-play-1.4006065&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; reports that Tommy John committed three errors on one play in a game in 1988.  The story suggests that at the time, this tied the record for pitchers, but does not address other positions or whether this dubious record has since been broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any player ever been charged with four or more errors on the same play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T21:45:35.213" LastActivityDate="2016-04-01T09:43:16.280" Title="What is the MLB record for the most errors by a single player on a single play?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10506" CreationDate="2015-06-14T21:44:56.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/angels-commit-three-errors-on-one-play-allowing-ian-kinsler-to-score-from-first-201035840.html&quot;&gt;This Yahoo! Sports page&lt;/a&gt; contains the quote&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Three errors charged on one play, which by all accounts ties a major league record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia page &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_records#Fielding&quot;&gt;List of Major League Baseball single-game records&lt;/a&gt; claims that there are four instances of three (team) errors on one play, of which I can find three:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/video/topic/11493214/v36082859/must-c-curious-padres-score-on-three-errors/?game_pk=382688&quot;&gt;Dodgers vs Padres, 2014-09-08&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/angels-commit-three-errors-on-one-play-allowing-ian-kinsler-to-score-from-first-201035840.html&quot;&gt;Angels vs Tigers, 2014-04-20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlG9rheNtz8&quot;&gt;Yankees vs Brewers, 1988-07-27&lt;/a&gt; - this is the Tommy John play you found&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that in the fourth instance the errors were not all committed by one player (which is implied by the various reports on Tommy John's play), this would leave Tommy John as the holder of this dubious record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T21:44:56.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-15T01:41:43.103" Score="5" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many people discuss the physical toughness and attributes of athletes, while there is also plenty of anecdotal evidence about how 'mental toughness' can impact on the performance, especially under pressure or at times when people perform beyond their apparent physical capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just wondering if there is much literature on this area of sports medicine/research, and what the results indicate for different types of sports or sport person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T13:36:35.400" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T16:15:39.807" Title="Is there strong research that demonstrates the effect of emotion on performance in different types of sports?" Tags="|performance|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-15T06:56:13.907" Score="7" ViewCount="21133" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the weekend an altercation between a referee and a play led to their team leaving the pitch. 21 minutes into the game our team was up 1-0 when allegedly the referee said to a player that he was a &quot;shit player.&quot; There is no evidence of this. The player was told to calm down, and then he pushed the referee and stood as if he wanted to fight. The referee drew a red card. The player left the pitch and told his coach what the referee said about him being a &quot;shit player.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their team left and forfeited the match. The referee was keen to move on and referee the rest of the game; therefore, was the game abandoned, or did their team forfeit, as both the referee and our team were keen to persist with the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was just wondering if we get the 3 points and they forfeit, or is the game simply forgotten?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9569" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T03:27:26.703" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T07:29:27.973" Title="What happens if a team walks off the field during a football match?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10509" CreationDate="2015-06-15T08:26:28.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of the match, it has been abandoned so there is currently no result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens next is a question for the governing body controlling your games - they will gather evidence from the involved parties and make a decision as to what happens in the longer term - they will almost certainly have the right to do almost anything, up to and including expelling offending clubs from the tournament. For specific details, you'll have to read the exact regulations for the tournament you're playing in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T08:26:28.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10451" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:07:07.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer (football), a winger is an attacking midfielder in a &lt;strong&gt;wide position&lt;/strong&gt;. Wingers are usually players of great pace or dribbling ability so as to provide cut-backs or crosses from which strikers can score. Their main function is to support attack from the wings. Wingers do lots of high-speed running from defence to attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9571" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:07:07.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10509" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:13:06.290" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For certain, the governing body will not be happy with the behaviour of the other team and their coach, and it seems inconceivable that they would be rewarded for walking off by granting a rematch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the simple case of a team being unable to play the match to the end due to players being injured or having to leave, you would probably be awarded the 3 points via a standard score set out in the rules (e.g. 3-0). If the other team are lucky, and have a good reputation, this is what will happen here too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But given that they refused to play after a disagreement with the referee, despite having enough players, and that the referee was pushed by a player, there could be more serious consequences for the team. You'll have to wait and see what the governing body decide. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:13:06.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10408" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:15:30.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The majority of the available bets provided by the bookmakers offers may be combined freely. There are a few exceptions such as certain Formula 1 bets that can only be placed as a single. It all depends on the bookmaker you choose to bet with. I am trying to keep an eye an all the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bestbet.tips/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tipster sites&lt;/a&gt; to get all the best bets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9571" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:15:30.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:54:48.393" Score="6" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsmen and bowlers have an individual rating between 0-1000 based on performances, and naturally their ratings drop for each game missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is their a specific time period after which their rating disappears completely? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember Brett Schultz being on the old PWC rankings for at least two years after his last appearance for South Africa, and Kevin Pietersen is England's third highest batsman 18 months after playing his last test.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9572" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T11:14:32.727" Title="How long does a player stay in the ICC rankings for once no longer appearing for the national side?" Tags="|cricket|icc|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10514" CreationDate="2015-06-15T11:11:08.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/player-rankings/faqs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Rankings FAQ&lt;/a&gt; notes that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players have to have appeared in a match within the qualifying period to appear in the lists (normally 12-15 months for Tests [...])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, Pietersen would not &quot;normally&quot; count as qualified for the rankings. I don't know if this is because he's being treated as a special case due to his... unique relationship with the England cricket team, or just because it hasn't been removed yet and that will happen sometime this summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T11:11:08.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10516" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10517" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" Score="0" Body="Questions about gender in sports." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T13:37:42.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-15T14:05:56.587" Score="9" ViewCount="1147" Body="&lt;p&gt;All I know is that until 1965, a decider was required if 2 teams remained draw after the home and away matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9574" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T17:35:56.503" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T19:15:06.770" Title="When was extra time introduced in European football competitions?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10508" CreationDate="2015-06-15T14:29:33.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don’t know what you consider to be “strong research”. But, there are several sports psychology papers that take up the concept of “mental toughness”. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://tpc.uk.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/What-is-Mental-Toughness.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology (2002)&lt;/a&gt;, Jones, Hanton and Connaughton from the University of Wales studied ten international elite athletes to determine what mental toughness is, and, what the attributes are of someone who is mentally tough. Although it’s a relatively small study, it does define mental toughness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mental toughness is having the natural or developed psychological edge&#xA;  that enables you to: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Generally, cope better than your opponents with the many demands    (competition, training, lifestyle) that sport places on a performer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, be more consistent and better than your opponents in    remaining determined, focused, confident, and in control under pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition came about after a three stage study that consisted of focus groups, individual interviews, and an “&lt;em&gt;individual rating of the definition and ranking of mental toughness attributes&lt;/em&gt;”. They identified 12 attributes of &lt;em&gt;mental toughness&lt;/em&gt; and applied an &quot;importance ranking&quot;. The researchers claim the results of the study have helped teams and individual performers in archery, field hockey, athletics, gymnastics, ice skating, weightlifting, squash, swimming, speed skating, cycling, association football, judo, rowing, and modern pentathlon. They did not differentiate outcomes based on different sports or athletes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastEditorUserId="9240" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T15:01:10.307" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T15:01:10.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5062" CreationDate="2015-06-15T14:49:46.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having researched, I can not find any instance where man of the series has been awarded to two players from the same team, there have been instances of the single award being shared as described in the top link you provide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where there is a seperate award for each team I have been unable to find any sharing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T14:49:46.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10521" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-15T17:55:17.910" Score="4" ViewCount="2889" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started training for triathlons 3 years ago and have completed one Olympic distance race each year (in addition to 2-3 half-Marathons per year). I train year-round because it helps me stay in shape. I don't train for races and I mainly compete against myself, but doing a race helps me push my limits. I spend most of my training time with running because it gives me the best workout and I can do it in the winter, but I do enjoy riding and open-water swimming as soon as I can get out. I am in the pond from late April through late October. I am having knee trouble right now and stopped running. As a result, I swim more than in previous years and I pay more attention to how I am doing in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I began with triathlon training at the age of 48, I initially struggled with finding a freestyle rhythm. I kept switching back to breast stroke. My breathing technique improved quickly, though, and I can now do &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.strava.com/activities/323803728&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2400 meter freestyle swims in open water&lt;/a&gt; comfortably without stopping because I have to catch my breath or I swallowed water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually start with a 3-2-3-2 breathing pattern but can sustain a 3-3 pattern as well if I pace myself a little. I can switch between patterns as needed. I pay attention to my form, try to be streamlined, stretch my arm forward, pull back strongly all the way, minimize body roll, look down and keep my neck relaxed. I really feel comfortable in the water at all times. I have books about swimming techniques for triathletes and I seem to be doing everything they say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But - no matter what I try, I can't swim faster than about 2:30/100m, which appears fast to me but is abysmally slow in comparison and puts me into the bottom 5% in the swim in every race. My biking and running is more middle-of-the-road, so this is not a general physical limitation of my body. Clearly, I must be doing something wrong in the water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on other forum posts, it appears that most people who start out swimming struggle with breathing or fear or other &quot;minor&quot; barriers. Once they overcome this, they can swim a competitive pace. In my case, I don't experience the typical beginner's problems. I am just slow, and I can't find much direct advice that would help me figure out why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize that I could take lessons, do laps in a controlled environment (pool), etc. I am concerned that I will end up spending time and money on a trainer and pool lessons that may not help me because I am swimming already at the ceiling of my abilities. I am not ready for this. &#xA;On the other hand, I am so much slower than where I think I should be (at least 20% to 30%) that there must be an obvious cause. I am not just looking to fine-tune my form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should I do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9575" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T03:56:15.983" Title="Swimming pace - where should I be and what should I do?" Tags="|swimming|triathlon|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2015-06-15T18:05:52.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My tri suit is 3 years old and I have already poked holes into it with my fingers when pulling it up and into place. The material is definitely softer and will probably not sustain a belt and tanks on your back. The outside of a tri suit is soft and porous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd link in your question takes me to surf suites, though, and I remember from my windsurfing days 20 years ago that windsurfing wetsuites are constructed more like diving suites, i.e. they have fabric on the outside that is more rugged but still allows for arm movement. Maybe a long john (sleeveless) will do? This is if you are looking to compromise on both ends, because the drag of a surf suit will certainly put you at a disadvantage as swimmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9575" LastEditorUserId="9575" LastEditDate="2015-06-15T18:12:56.103" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T18:12:56.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="692" CreationDate="2015-06-15T23:44:35.213" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched the USA Basketball Website&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did see an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usab.com/youth/news/2010/03/7basketball-rules-myths.aspx&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; titled &quot;&lt;em&gt;7 Basketball Rules Myths&lt;/em&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the article #2 explains&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A dribble that bounces above the dribbler's head is an illegal dribble &#xA;  violation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Reality: There is no restriction as to how high a player may bounce&#xA;  the ball, provided the ball does not come to rest in the player's hand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I would say dribbling the ball above shoulder height is legal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9577" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T23:44:35.213" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10524" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-16T00:04:20.790" Score="1" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Pittsburgh Pirates took an early lead of 5-0 against the Chicago White Sox in the first inning. Their pitcher was their ace, Francisco Liriano. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With such a large lead, can the Pirates afford to substitute an inferior pitcher, say Vance Worley and save Liriano for a later game in the (four game) series? (This would be on the theory that even Worley wouldn't blow such a big lead.) Or would such a move throw the whole rotation out of whack?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it were, the Pirates are at home, meaning that Liriano had to pitch the top of the first. Would the proposed substitution make better sense if the Pirates were the visitors and run up the big lead, before Liriano threw a ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T00:49:50.847" Title="If a baseball team takes a large early lead, would it make sense to substitute an inferior pitcher to save the better one?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10524" CreationDate="2015-06-16T00:49:50.847" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would not be a common strategy for several reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;While it might keep a few innings off your pitcher at the end of the season, you're not really &quot;saving&quot; him in any useful way.  Given that he's working on his normal throwing day, has gone through a full warmup and entered the game, he won't be available to throw much earlier than he would otherwise.  Even if he were, barring a double-header or something, you'd probably have to modify your existing rotation to re-use him.  Some other pitchers might not react well to that.  I'm sure there are &quot;ironmen&quot; that would be fine now and again with odd rotations, but it's not something that a club is going to plan for.  You use a pitcher normally and they get hurt, too bad.  You use a pitcher in a non-standard way and they get hurt, everyone is going to blame you.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The person you can replace him with is not one of your everyday starters, and may not be suited to going long into a game.  Your starter is valuable by consuming innings.  If the replacement starts giving up runs and you have to go deeper into the bullpen, you leave yourself in a poorer position for subsequent nights with tired relievers.  Except in an emergency/playoffs, you wouldn't put in another starter because they're not at the right point in the rotation and wouldn't be comfortable pitching that day.  (There are cases where you could use someone on their throwing day, but that's not common).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five runs (especially in the first inning) is not such a large lead.   Consider that the other pitchers might allow the other team to tie the game and it goes extra innings.  In this case, you want to have every pitcher possible available.  Throwing away a possible six or seven innings of available pitching for that day isn't a good idea if you plan for that possibility.  Don't think of it as an easy win, think of it as a chance for your ace to pitch effectively with less pressure than he would normally have.  Maybe you'll get eight innings and give the bullpen a day off.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Players want to play.  A starter that's healthy wants to pitch on his day.  Taking him out with a big lead in the first means that a big chance for a win on his stats goes away.  Unless there's an injury, he's going to be very confused or offended to come out in that situation.  In the middle of the season, sometimes managing players is as important as managing the game.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't help whether you're at home or on the road.  The starting pitcher is already announced and already has gone through game-day warmups by the time this happens.  You still lose his services if you execute it before he faces a batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T00:49:50.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10509" CreationDate="2015-06-16T02:59:56.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by Braamstruik as a comment, this will depend on the football association (FA) you are playing for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the laws of the game[1]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match has been abandoned as the ball is out of play and the opposition cannot (will not) have the required number of players on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player who pushed the referee is guilty of violent conduct, and will be sanctioned accordingly:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is ... guilty of violent conduct if he uses excessive force or brutality against a ... match official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(page 127)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The action that takes place as a result of the match being abandoned is completely up to the rules of your FA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules provide&#xA;  otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(page 29)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Football West, under the National Premier Leagues (NPL) umbrella of the Football Federation of Australia have the following clarification of the match abandonment rule[2]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a match is abandoned prior to half time, then the match will be replayed, unless, in the opinion of the referee, one or both of the participating teams caused the abandonment of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(page 5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under this ruling, in the NPL the match would be awarded as a 3-0 result to your team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would consult the laws of the game for your football association, which will clarify their position on abandoned matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;strong&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2014/15&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/36/01/11/27_06_2014_new--lawsofthegameweben_neutral.pdf&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[2] &lt;strong&gt;Competition Rules National Premier Leagues - WA&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballwest.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/NPL/NPL_Competition_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.footballwest.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/NPL/NPL_Competition_Rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T02:59:56.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6935" CreationDate="2015-06-16T06:38:45.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, probably the best example of this is with Rollie Fingers of the A's striking out the Reds Johnny Bench in the 1972 World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation that allowed it to work was a stolen base during the at-bat.  While not common, the empty base made it plausible to walk Johnny even though he had a full count at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_World_Series#Game_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Game 3, 1972 World Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/02/10/rollie-fingers-johnny-bench-and-the-intentional-walk-that-wasnt/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/02/10/rollie-fingers-johnny-bench-and-the-intentional-walk-that-wasnt/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T06:38:45.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10544" CreationDate="2015-06-16T12:09:53.910" Score="3" ViewCount="11466" Body="&lt;p&gt;As most Skateboarding enthusiasts will know, Speed wobble is a very unpredictable and dangerous side effect of bombing down hills and banks... and falling or Slamming from speed wobble is very common and it hurts... a lot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering is there any way in which you can control the board better at very high speeds to reduce or even prevent speed wobble from taking your legs from underneath you, leaving you to a nice, tasty pile of dirt to chew on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will stress I mean on standard set up skateboards not longboards because they are a lot more sturdy and are custom build for this sort of speedy stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1478" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T21:28:14.673" Title="How to control Speed Wobble?" Tags="|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10532" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-06-16T15:16:13.640" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-06-16T15:16:13.640" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T15:16:13.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10533" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-06-16T15:16:13.640" Score="0" Body="For questions about the sport of Greyhound Racing." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2015-06-16T22:41:42.417" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T22:41:42.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10501" CreationDate="2015-06-16T16:31:09.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just found out that the idea of clouds and overcast conditions assisting swing is essentially an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Urban_legend&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Urban Legend&lt;/a&gt;, and also the result of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Confirmation Bias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As NASA scientist, Dr Rabindra Mehta, who has studied the aerodynamics of cricket balls for three decades, remarks &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.criclounge.com/news/1786/NASA-proves-the-theory-behind-the-swing-of-a-cricket-ball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The reason why it is believed weather conditions matter is psychological. The idea that the ball swings under cloud is so ingrained that we remember occasions that confirm this impression and forget those that do not, and overcast conditions may also affect bowlers’ confidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T16:31:09.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10521" CreationDate="2015-06-17T15:08:03.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used &lt;em&gt;Triathlete Magazine's Essential Week-by-Week Training Guide: Plans, Scheduling Tips, and Workout Goals for Triathletes of All Levels&lt;/em&gt;.  The author maintained that developing speed in the swim portion for triathletes comes from improving technique.  Most triathletes begin triathlons after becoming competent runners or cyclists first.  Very few begin triathlons already being a competent swimmer.  He was saying (nicely) newer triathletes could stand to learn how to swim better.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lessons with a coach/swim instructor will improve your technique.  Then you can gain muscle memory in a controlled environment, that is, a pool.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T15:08:03.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10518" CreationDate="2015-06-17T17:19:32.877" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the extra time was &lt;strike&gt;introduced in European football by fifa in 2004&lt;/strike&gt;. Re-introduced by fifa in 2004&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;LAW 7 - The Duration of the Match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Extra Time  Competition rules may provide for two further equal&#xA;  periods to be played.  The conditions of Law 8 will apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-laws/2001-2006.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The above is according to the FiFa history official website section&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topendsports.com/sport/soccer/history.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;interresting things you might want to know here too.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though I think this was a rule that got change with the implementation of sudden death and the golden goal around 1999. Which People complained about because of the amount of pressure on the length of the match that suddenly ended if a goal was scored. Hence in 2004 the extra time was restored.(well I think) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastEditorUserId="9520" LastEditDate="2015-06-18T12:19:41.893" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T12:19:41.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10531" CreationDate="2015-06-17T21:35:24.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can tighten your trucks to increase the speed at which they occur, bend your knees, get low and balanced to help ride through them and drag your foot - lightly and flat, beside the board - to slow down at high speeds (this will burn through shoes pretty good if you do it often).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9591" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T21:35:24.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10531" CreationDate="2015-06-18T03:43:33.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;All types of boards, long and short, are prone to speed wobbles. Speed wobbles are the result of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.freeridesurfshop.com/index.php/skate/longboarding/the-science-behind-speed-wobble/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Self-Exciting Oscillation&quot;&gt;Self-Exciting Oscillation&lt;/a&gt;; at high speed the energy of your velocity will feed into the natural oscillation of your trucks as they try to return to their natural (neutral) position, continually increasing the amplitude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two ways to reduce this effect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increase your truck's resistance to oscillation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by latetojoin, tightening your trucks and using bushings with a higher durometer will increase resistance to turning. This will increase the critical speed at which the force of your velocity will exceed the point of self-exciting oscillation. This comes at a trade-off of reduced general manoeuvrability, which can be undesirable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ride relaxed and confident&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, this only comes with experience riding at speed. The natural physical response to the loss of control stemming from speed wobbles is to tighten up in an attempt to stay on the board. This is bad, from a physics system perspective, as it will result in your centre of balance constantly shifting around the board with the oscillation, which will then also feed into the oscillation... becoming a continuous feedback loop. Once you have a feel for what your board is capable of and can ride loose, your body will act as a dampening system for the oscillation, dispersing the energy through micro-movements in your joints rather than oscillation of the trucks. This is why a lot of skaters are unsure how to advise newcomers about overcoming speed wobbles, they just seem to go away with time. Really, this is muscle memory and experience kicking in. Use what you know about skating flat and apply it to skating at speed; keep low, keep centred, relax and commit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T03:43:33.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10491" CreationDate="2015-06-18T07:06:35.037" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=116&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#1.6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules page&lt;/a&gt; of the World Pool-Billiard Association, your understanding is right. For the break, Groups are not yet determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.3 (b) No ball is called, and the cue ball is not required to hit any particular object ball first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the break, you can determine your group by calling a ball and pocketing it. But the rules explicitly say that you can't strike the eight-ball when the table is open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4 Open Table / Choosing Groups &#xA;  Before groups are determined, the table is said to be “open,” and before each shot, the shooter must call his intended ball. If the shooter legally pockets his called ball, the corresponding group becomes his, and his opponent is assigned the other group. If he fails to legally pocket his called ball, the table remains open and play passes to the other player. When the table is “open”, any object ball may be struck first &lt;strong&gt;except the eight ball&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your only option would be playing a safety (possibly resulting in a stalemate) or trying to run the table. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T07:06:35.037" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10518" CreationDate="2015-06-18T07:33:56.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As by Fillet's comment:&#xA;There were 2 matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;67-68 Cup winners cup&lt;/a&gt; quarter finals that went first to Extra Time, then to replay according to Wikipedia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;The first occurrence I came across was a second round Europa Cup I game in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_European_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;73-74&lt;/a&gt; between CSKA Sofia and Ajax, that was decided in ET. &lt;em&gt;Going to check other cups too&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Some background&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Extra Time after a tie did co-exist with a replay. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems, for UEFA competitions, that it first occurred in the 1957/58 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_European_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Europacup I final&lt;/a&gt; between Real Madrid and AC Milan. But that was a one-legged match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It only applied to the final. In previous rounds (double-legged) a third game was played. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370_European_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1969/70&lt;/a&gt; the third game was abandoned and replaced by away goals and a toss if still tied. But away goals only applied for first two rounds (which was already in place for the third game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E2%80%9371_European_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1970/71&lt;/a&gt; the penalty shoot out was introduced in favor of the unfair coin toss. Away goals applied in all rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T17:36:29.827" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T17:36:29.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10552" CreationDate="2015-06-18T15:34:12.437" Score="2" ViewCount="3753" Body="&lt;p&gt;What should the referee do if a player of a team leaves the game field and doesn't come back until the end of the game? The player just left without asking the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9540" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-06-19T08:03:02.197" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T01:18:13.297" Title="Player leaving the game field" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12421" CreationDate="2015-06-19T03:28:20.973" Score="5" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am shooting a recurve bow, and my arrow group is to the right.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My problem is that my sight pin is already over as far right as it goes, and if I move it any further I won't be able to see it anymore.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything else I can adjust to bring my group over to the left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9595" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T15:56:35.000" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T15:56:35.000" Title="What to do if recurve arrows are far to the right?" Tags="|technique|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10547" CreationDate="2015-06-19T12:00:20.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This player deserves a caution (yellow card) as it is mentioned in Law 12. When you cannot book the player because of his/her having left the pitch, you just go and explain the situation to the captain and tell him that the player is booked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used too when a player injuries him/herself while committing serious foul play : you cannot show the red card to the player being sent to hospital, so you go to explain to the captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-06-19T12:00:20.723" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10554" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-20T09:56:21.030" Score="5" ViewCount="11727" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the reason for the MLB's ban on betting against one's own team, but I don't understand why it is forbidden to bet &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; one's own team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which did &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Rose&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pete Rose&lt;/a&gt; get busted for, and why is it such a big deal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T13:25:24.090" LastActivityDate="2017-05-17T04:31:22.087" Title="Was Pete Rose busted for betting against his own team?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|betting|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10554" CreationDate="2015-06-20T14:13:15.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there wasn't any credible evidence that directly implicated Rose of betting against his own team, the volume of betting and the era in which he was most active in betting (i.e. the time he spent as player/manager of the Reds) had many people believing that he probably did bet against his own team.  Really he was punished because his actions (real or perceived) were deemed to be detrimental to the sport and the commissioner wanted to stamp it out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9400" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T14:13:15.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10556" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-20T17:26:42.393" Score="-1" ViewCount="2066" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would call myself an intermediate player. None of my friends wants to practice with me. They just want to play. But I got to get better in 3 months time. Visiting one of my friends at his hometown and I promised that i will beat him. He's very good!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9601" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T19:03:20.540" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T04:19:33.500" Title="Will I improve in football by playing matches everyday? Or is doing drills a better option?" Tags="|football|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-07-17T07:45:17.053" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10556" CreationDate="2015-06-20T18:48:34.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes,when playing soccer(playing in a team!) regularly will help improve your skills,there are other things that you should do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Exercise&lt;/strong&gt; regularly to keep your body fit.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;em&gt;Watch &lt;strong&gt;Dribbling&lt;/strong&gt; tutorials online,and practice almost all of them everyday.The chances are that you will master at least some of them, which will make you a very skilled player.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&lt;em&gt;Do a lot of &lt;strong&gt;Freestyle&lt;/strong&gt;.Start with juggling,try to ATW,and then practice a several lot of moves.Never get disappointed if you cannot do a certain move.It's not easy as you think it is!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these things regularly,and you will make a very good &lt;em&gt;soccer&lt;/em&gt; player.Good Luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:Have a look at Sean Garnier videos to get a feel of what dribbling is,to know what sort of moves you got to practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9602" LastEditorDisplayName="user9602" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T18:55:24.953" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T18:55:24.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10558" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-21T06:43:56.537" Score="1" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Karolína Plíšková wins her today's match against Angelique Kerber, she will move into the 10th spot in the next edition of WTA singles rankings. (Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/4808399/title/pliskova-a-win-away-from-top-10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wtatennis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisworldusa.org/Top-10-Spot-at-Stake-in-Birmingham-Karolina-Pliskova-to-take-on-Angelique-Kerber-in-the-Final--articolo24573.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tennisworldusa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://sport.idnes.cz/karolina-pliskova-je-jediny-krok-od-top-10-ff5-/tenis.aspx?c=A150620_2171638_hokej_ten&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;idnes&lt;/a&gt;, ...) If this happens, there will be three Czech players in Top Ten of the rankings. (The other two being Kvitová and Šafářová.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it seemed a rare occurrence. (I do not remember something like that in the recent years.) Which provoked me to ask the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When was the last time a single country had three players in Top 10 of WTA singles rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried to check at least year-end rankings. It is probably not an unexpected that I found several years where some big nations (Russia, USA) had three or more players in top 10. However, my question is not only about year end rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russia had 3 or more players in year-end rankings in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; (Safina, Kuznetsova, Dementieva, Zvonareva), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt; (Safina, Dmentieva, Zvonareva, Kuznetsova, Sharapova), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; (Kuznetsova, Sharapova, Chakvetadze), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; (Sharapova, Kuznetsova, Petrova, Dementieva), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; (Sharapova, Dmentieva, Petrova)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; there were four players from USA (Davenport, Serena and Venus Williams, Capriati) and four players from Russia (Myskina, Sharapova, Kuznetsova, Dementieva) in Top Ten.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;USA had three or more players in Top 10 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt; (Serena Williams, Davenport, Capriati, Rubin), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; (Serena and Venus Williams, Capriati, Seles), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt; (Davenport, Capriati, Venus and Serena Williams, Seles), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/a&gt; (Davenport, Venus Williams, Seles, Serena Williams)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_WTA_Tour#Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; there were four players from USA (Davenport, Venus and Serena Wiliams, Seles) and four players from France (Pierce, Tauziat, Halard-Decugis, Mauresmo) in Top 10.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T08:21:39.300" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T08:21:39.300" Title="When was the last time a single country had three players in Top 10 of WTA rankings?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|ranking|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10561" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-22T01:21:39.160" Score="5" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a sports fan, I hate &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackout_%28broadcasting%29&quot;&gt;blackout policies&lt;/a&gt;. Every day there are a few MLB games I cannot watch, even though I pay a subscription directly to MLB. They're obviously not the only league that does it, but I can only find rules in North American leagues. I understand that in some ways blackout rules were once imposed by the FCC, but that is no longer the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do blackout rules exist anywhere outside North America? I've been looking around and all I've found are rules in Canadian and American leagues. I've found no blackout rules in Europe, Australia, Asia, or otherwise. Am I just not looking in the right places, or do these rules only exist here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9606" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T05:26:11.953" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T05:26:11.953" Title="Do sports blackout policies exist anywhere outside North America?" Tags="|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10561" CreationDate="2015-06-22T02:46:54.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Television Blackouts of sporting events do occur outside North America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Soccer games in the UK are blacked out if they're played between 245 and 515 on a Saturday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://babb.telegraph.co.uk/2014/08/forbidden-football-the-murky-world-of-premier-league-livestreaming/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Telegraph:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The UK’s Saturday-afternoon TV football blackout (from 2.45pm-5.15pm) has been in place since the 1960s, when it was feared that the relatively new medium would drive down attendances if it got his clutches on the 3pm kick-offs. This draconian legislation even extends to foreign football – last season, Sky Sports had to join one El Clásico fifteen minutes late because it kicked off at 5pm, which no doubt saved several Football League clubs from administration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/pitchside-europe/several-barcelona-matches-set-uk-tv-blackout-120849902.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yahoo:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That would equate to Prime Time in key Asian markets but also would mean 3pm kick-offs in Britain.&#xA;  Due to television blackout rules, matches at that time cannot be broadcast live on British television to protect attendances at games around the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T02:46:54.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10558" CreationDate="2015-06-22T07:59:03.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether this was the last time, but it was the last time I was able to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On 24 May 2010 there were three Russian players in Top 10 (Elena Dementieva, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Dinara Safina.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be checked on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/singles-rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WTA website&lt;/a&gt;. (But I do not know how to link to rankings from some given date.) The Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_French_Open#Singles_seeds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2010 French Open&lt;/a&gt; shows ranking from 17 May 2010. (These rankings were used to determine seeding at this tournament.) You can see there these three players in Top 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is hard to say whether this was the last time when this happened. If somebody knows a better method how to look for statistics like this, I would be glad to know about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T07:59:03.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10569" CreationDate="2015-06-22T09:56:30.827" Score="1" ViewCount="4585" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the past few weeks i have been playing badminton on concrete (cement) floor.&#xA;Recently I have been hearing from my friends that playing on concrete floor will &#xA;cause knee/joint pains in the long run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true, I don't have another option to play on wooden floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will wearing some good shoes help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suggest some good tips for playing on concrete floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9608" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:10:22.033" LastActivityDate="2023-01-28T16:54:51.107" Title="How to avoid injuries playing badminton on concrete floor" Tags="|badminton|injuries|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10556" CreationDate="2015-06-23T04:19:33.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If by beating him, you mean dribble pass him then you will probably want to work on your ball handling and control, your dribbling speed and management of space. Beating him in terms of beating his team, will be better to train with a team, learn passing, positioning and team motivation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I play daily, it improves my stamina, and my team work skills but drills improve my individual skills and I perfect them on the field against others. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to train to beat a man: one to one? &#xA; - Work on your first touch. To beat someone, you will need to know how to receive the ball. Hence your first touch is crucial. In my college tryouts, like 60% were sent home on the first day due to the first touch. &#xA; - If you watch the great dribblers (Neymar, Messi, Ronaldo, CR7 and many more) you will realize the ball during their dribbles seems glued to their boot. This comes from years of training on control. Get a ball and good cleats/adapted shoes and start working on your control. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pPWe8Rjl9U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here are some good exercises&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After controlling the ball, you will need to be able to do short quick runs with the ball at your feet, because not only you will need to dribble a defender sometimes, you will need to escape once you dribble him. Learn to run fast with a ball, this will help you when playing counter attacks and catching the defenders off guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Learn to manage the space around you. play within little areas, maneuver within the small space. This makes you a great striker and dribbler. Watch the little space cr7 and Messi use to dribble past multiple defenders. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Juggling is key because sometimes you receive the ball in the air, and have to handle it&gt; Juggle as much as you can. This will help you in your ball control too. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;practice positioning by playing for a team, watch videos of how to play for the specific position you want to go for. For example: I am a winger, I play out wide when we are attacking to give more options and when we are defending, I give more support in the center to cut opponents from winning the midfield battle. Know your duties, position yourself well, make sure you are at the right place at the right time. This comes with playing in a team. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Work on your passes with teammates, work on your shots individually and then during games because shooting to a goal without the pressure from the defender and shooting to the same goal with the pressure of a defender are two different things. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keep fit, know yourself well and use your abilities to your advantage. for example: I am super fast, I have super stamina, during games I easy tire my defender by running through and through. I have been to games where the defenders swapped places like four times because they were exhausted. I slack when i have to track back since I know that, I play for positions that don't need to track back a lot. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Have fun. Be fair play, learn more about your teammates during the match. Recognise their choices and adapt your play to make them and you comfortable. People love to play with me because of that, they will love you for it. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T04:19:33.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10568" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10573" CreationDate="2015-06-23T10:59:11.227" Score="6" ViewCount="4621" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are, if they exist, Olympic sports (both winter and summers Games) where there are team composed by men and women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T16:41:27.110" LastActivityDate="2017-02-04T12:28:00.027" Title="Olympic sports with mixed team?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10565" CreationDate="2015-06-23T12:46:31.027" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't say with any authority how much difference the surface you play on would make, but I think you can build up injuries on any surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Badminton is a high-impact sport and, anecdotally, I've seen that playing for years can lead to joint (especially knee) problems, such as: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_tendinitis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good shoes may help, as long as they fit well (so your foot doesn't slide around inside).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting some help on proper footwork may also be worthwhile. For example, you should put your heel down first when lunging to encourage your foot to point in the direction you are lunging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastEditorUserId="1145" LastEditDate="2015-06-25T08:25:26.233" LastActivityDate="2015-06-25T08:25:26.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10554" CreationDate="2015-06-23T13:58:47.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...new documents obtained by Outside the Lines indicate Rose bet&#xA;  extensively on baseball -- and on the Cincinnati Reds -- as he racked&#xA;  up the last hits of a record-smashing career in 1986.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/13114874/notebook-obtained-lines-shows-pete-rose-bet-baseball-player-1986&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; is reporting that Rose did, in fact, bet on his own team.  Supposedly, entries in a hidden betting folder have been found.  The most damning evidence reported by ESPN is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But on 21 of the days it's clear he bet on baseball, he gambled on the&#xA;  Reds, including on games in which he played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why betting is forbidden, given the history of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Black Sox scandal&lt;/a&gt;, MLB has tried to protect the integrity of the game.  Any form of betting (on games) could influence the outcome of the game.  It could add a potential incentive that could impact prior and future games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's still &lt;strong&gt;premature&lt;/strong&gt; in the investigation of this &quot;new&quot; evidence, but, it doesn't look good for Rose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T13:58:47.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10554" CreationDate="2015-06-23T14:39:52.363" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://seanlahman.com/files/rose/dowd/dowd_ii.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dowd Report&lt;/a&gt;, Pete Rose was busted for betting on matches in which he was involved&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pete Rose bet on baseball, and in particular, on games of the&#xA;  Cincinnati Reds Baseball Club during the 1985, 1986, and 1987 seasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was not shown that he bet against his own team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) No evidence was discovered that Rose bet against the Cincinnati&#xA;  Reds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but by the rules of MLB, &lt;a href=&quot;http://seanlahman.com/files/rose/dowd/dowd_i.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;that was irrelevant&lt;/a&gt;, as any kind of bet is prohibited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 21(d) provides:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any player, umpire, or club or league official or employee, who shall&#xA;  bet any sum whatsoever upon any baseball game in connection with which&#xA;  the bettor has no duty to perform, shall be declared ineligible for&#xA;  one year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any player, umpire, or club or league official or employee, who shall&#xA;  bet any sum whatsoever upon &lt;strong&gt;any baseball game in connection with which&#xA;  the bettor has a duty to perform&lt;/strong&gt;, shall be declared permanently&#xA;  ineligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why should this matter? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets assume I am a bent coach*, out to make money from the bookmakers. The odds of a team will change with their form. So assume Team A (my team) are set to play team D next week, and that the teams are evenly matched. The odds for Team A to win will be about evens. We can assume that these are the &quot;fair&quot; odds. But before that match, Team A lose to Team B and Team C, as I deliberately made bad coaching decisions . Now the odds for playing Team D are suddenly longer, and I bet on my team to win. I have manipulated the odds in my favour, and stand to make money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*This is purely hypothetical. I have no reason to suspect that Pete Rose was &quot;bent&quot;, or ever gave anything other than his best efforts. &#xA;According to his &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Rose#cite_note-44&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia article he claims&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I bet on my team every night. I didn't bet on my team four nights a week. I bet on my team to win every night because I loved my team, I believed in my team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is the case, then he wouldn't have been in the position to manipulate the odds. But he would still have broken the MLB rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T14:39:52.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10568" CreationDate="2015-06-23T14:49:08.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The events of the Equestrian sports in the summer Olympics are always with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympic.org/photos/equestrian-great-britain-celebrate-winning-their-silver-medal-in-eventing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mixed teams&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Show Jumping, Dressage and Eventing disciplines men and women compete on equal terms.  This is both in the individual and team events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sport of Equestrianism has always been mixed, not just in the Olympic games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T15:04:12.293" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T15:04:12.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10568" CreationDate="2015-06-23T16:37:58.803" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_sports_at_the_Olympics&quot;&gt;Category:Mixed sports at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt; contains:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed doubles badminton at the Summer Olympics‎&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equestrian at the Summer Olympics‎&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ice dancing at the Winter Olympics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pair skating at the Winter Olympics‎&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed-sex shooting at the Summer Olympics‎&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed doubles tennis at the Summer Olympics‎&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;A further event, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldcurling.org/mixed-doubles-curling-confirmed-for-pyeongchang-2018&quot;&gt;Mixed Doubles Curling&lt;/a&gt; is planned for the Winter Olympics 2018 in PyeongChang &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_at_the_Olympics&quot;&gt;Women at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt; mentions that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While team mixed gendered sports are not competed at the Olympics, some mixed gendered events are included. They include equestrian sports, shooting and sailing where men and women compete against each other. In shooting and sailing, women were originally only allowed to competed in mixed gendered events. Single gender events for these sports were not added until a later date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T20:13:22.213" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T20:13:22.213" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-06-23T16:37:58.803" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2015-06-23T18:05:46.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Okay, if you are asking this question, then you probably haven't heard of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlssoccer.com/sideline/news/article/2013/10/03/jogabo-smartphone-app-organizes-pick-soccer-games-finds-new-players-and-trac&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jogabo&lt;/a&gt;. It lets you track number of goals and many more for pickup matches, it also allows you to see pickup games around you. This tracks performance and statistics. The best app out there, my friends and I use it and it is world wide, anywhere you find yourself, you might find people around you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you are tracking your goals and performance with Jogabo, you are halfway done with the job. You can use the statistics to separate your team to balance things out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastEditorUserId="9240" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T10:52:00.737" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T10:52:00.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10576" CreationDate="2015-06-24T16:53:15.153" Score="7" ViewCount="1481" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a question regarding a somewhat hypothetical situation, but one I have been thinking about quite a bit and can't get my head around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Cricket, a team can 'Declare' an innings at any time, ending the innings and allowing the other team to come to bat. This is generally done during test matches, as any game that reaches 5 days in length without both teams completing 2 innings would end in a draw - this means that it is not to a teams advantage to carry on after they have already achieved a heavy lead - it is more important to get the other team in so that they can be bowled out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Baseball, however unlikely, it seems to me that it would be possible for a team to just keep batting around the order, hitting a potentially infinite number of runs within an inning if the other teams pitchers were so inept that they just couldn't record any outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: &lt;strong&gt;Can a Baseball team choose to end an innings? Is there any law in place that would allow an umpire to step in and end it? In fact, is there anything at all that can end an innings other than three outs being recorded?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6138" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T17:49:26.163" Title="Is there any concept of 'declaring' an inning in Baseball?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10575" CreationDate="2015-06-24T17:46:44.667" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In major league baseball, the only thing that could end an inning other than three outs would be a &quot;walk-off&quot; situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inning&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As in the case of the ninth inning, a home team which scores to take a&#xA;  lead in any extra inning automatically wins, and the inning (and the&#xA;  game) is considered complete at that moment regardless of the number&#xA;  of outs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other leagues (mostly kid's leagues) there is sometimes a rule that says an inning is finished if a team reachs a certain number of runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9613" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T17:46:44.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10577" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10578" CreationDate="2015-06-24T20:28:46.390" Score="2" ViewCount="2788" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Dad played high school and college football in the 1930s.  He and the other starters played both offense and defense.  What prevented a team from putting out 11 fresh players at once when the ball changed sides?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:54:59.290" Title="When football players played offense and defense, what were the substitution rules?" Tags="|rules|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10577" CreationDate="2015-06-24T20:56:55.553" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-platoon_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; covers this reasonably well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first era (what you're talking about, basically) of the one platoon system, there weren't really rules about substitutions, but there was a major limitation: the size of the team.  You didn't have 80 player teams back then.  In the 1940s, a few teams (notably, Army) started the two platoon system (what we have now); but even before that, some used substitutions (for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevencwelsh.com/notre-dame-football/notre-dame-football-knute-rockne.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Knute Rockne&lt;/a&gt;).  So during your dad's day, it was a combination of financial reasons, athletic talent, and simply the fact that it wasn't done.  (Remember, this was still somewhat of a &quot;gentleman's game&quot; at the time, primarily a college game, and so things like &quot;honor&quot; were very relevant to the coaches and players.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then in 1953 this was outlawed, allowing only one sub per play, partly in order to reduce the cost of fielding a team.  This was changed in 1964 to return to allowing two-platoon football, which is what we basically know today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/rsfc/RuleChanges.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page of NCAA rule changes&lt;/a&gt;, the following rules changes occurred over the years.  I cannot substantiate all of the individual details, but the ones I can (1941, 1953, 1965) are consistent with what I've mentioned above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SUBSTITUTIONS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1876--Fifteen players to a team and few if any substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1882--Replacements for disqualified or injured players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1897--Substitutes may enter game at any time at discretion of captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1922--Players withdrawn during the first half may not return until the second&#xA;             half.  Players withdrawn during the second half may not return to&#xA;             the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1941--Players may substitute at any time but may not be withdrawn or the&#xA;             outgoing player returned until at least one play has intervened.&#xA;             &quot;Platoon&quot; football made possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1948--Unlimited substitution on change of team posession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1953--Two-platoon abolished and players allowed to enter game only once in&#xA;             each quarter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1954-64--Changes each year toward more liberalized substitution and platoon&#xA;             football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1965--Platoon football returns.  Unlimited substitutions between periods and&#xA;             after a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1974--Substitutes must be in for one play and replaced players out for one&#xA;             play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1993--Players who are bleeding or whose uniforms are saturated with blood&#xA;             must come out of the game until their return has been approved by &#xA;             medical personnel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-10-23T21:54:59.290" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:54:59.290" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T01:56:18.463" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got this new glove, but while I was watching some videos of youtube of gloves, all the gloves don't have a ridge down the middle of the glove.(Around where the part where you close it is.) I was wondering if there was a fix for this or if it was because there was an error in the process of breaking in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1qODW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1qODW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9614" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T16:29:08.453" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T16:29:08.453" Title="Baseball Glove Has A Ridge In It" Tags="|baseball|equipment|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10580" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T04:21:48.650" Score="9" ViewCount="9523" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#3.9&quot;&gt;Section 3.9&lt;/a&gt; of the WPA Pool Billiards rules lists &lt;code&gt;Bad Play from Behind the Head String&lt;/code&gt; as a standard foul for 8 ball. However, when you actually read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#6.11&quot;&gt;Section 6.11 Bad Play from Behind the Head String&lt;/a&gt;, it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the cue ball is in hand behind the head string, and the first&#xA;  ball the cue ball contacts is also behind the head string, the shot is&#xA;  a foul unless the cue ball crosses the head string before that&#xA;  contact. If such a shot is intentional, it is unsportsmanlike conduct.&#xA;  The cue ball must either cross the head string or contact a ball in&#xA;  front of or on the head string or the shot is a foul, and the cue ball&#xA;  is in hand for the following player according to the rules of the&#xA;  specific game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this seems like an unfair rule. Assume a scenario where I commit a foul and my opponent has a &lt;code&gt;ball in hand&lt;/code&gt; with an easy shot in the kitchen. Is my opponent required to place the ball outside the kitchen just to abide by this rule (or take the other option of taking a long bank shot)? I have never observed this rule being applied in the recent matches of 8 ball pool that I have seen. Is there a different interpretation of this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to frame the rules, I wouldn't have included Section 6.11 as a standard foul for 8 ball, or at the very least I would have added a line saying &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;applies to &lt;code&gt;ball in hand&lt;/code&gt; only after a foul committed on the break&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. As it currently stands there's nothing restricting this rule to the spotting of the cue ball immediately after the break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9615" LastActivityDate="2024-01-27T22:37:25.140" Title="In 8 ball can a player place the cue ball behind the head string and then directly pot a ball which is also behind the string?" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10582" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T11:01:26.350" Score="2" ViewCount="1950" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been hearing this things a lot. But don't know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How it works?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is it possible (science, body mechanics behind it)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How to practice it, if its the most effective of punching?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand leg and head movement, eye co-ordination, concentration. But this I don't get. Any experienced boxer or martial art expert please answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4900" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T22:22:42.143" Title="How hips generate power while punching?" Tags="|boxing|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10584" CreationDate="2015-06-26T00:32:33.860" Score="5" ViewCount="4688" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a NBA team buy a draft pick for cash from another nba team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9334" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T16:09:26.260" Title="Can a NBA team buy a draft pick?" Tags="|basketball|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10583" CreationDate="2015-06-26T16:00:59.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is legal in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://nbpa.com/cba/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA CBA&lt;/a&gt; to trade a player for cash (see pages 169-173). Larry Coon's excellent site &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q97&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;covers this in detail&lt;/a&gt;.  There is a limit for the total amount of cash that can change hands during the salary cap year per team; it changes each year but is between $3MM and $4MM total.  As such it's not a whole lot of money compared to the total value of a team, so it's not exactly a lucrative way to make money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Draft picks aren't explicitly mentioned as being able to be traded for cash &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; not being able to be traded for cash, so I believe they are able to be traded (as they're not particularly different from players), subject to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hoopsrumors.com/2012/06/ted-stepien-rule.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ted Stepien Rule&lt;/a&gt;. They count as $0 towards the salary cap, though, until drafted.  Given the fact that draft picks tend to be how you build a lower-salary team [as drafted players tend to overperform their salary due to rookie scale contracts], it &lt;a href=&quot;http://upsidemotor.com/2014/07/01/second-round-sell-outs-selling-nba-draft-picks-bad/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wouldn't make a lot of sense to 'sell' a draft pick for cash directly&lt;/a&gt;.  More effective would simply be trading down - say, a 1st rounder for 2 second rounders.  Occasionally a team won't have room for a draft pick (particularly teams with a lot of picks, see the 76ers lately), and they'll trade it for cash in that situation (or a next-year pick) to a team who wants to take a flyer on a guy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you do find fairly commonly is the concept of trading for a player with an expiring contract; that's quite easy to do and benefits the team losing the pick immensely, as they are then able to clear salary cap space more easily.  They also might be more able to trade for another player, as you need to match salaries to make it work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also see teams trade players after they've been drafted; this is better than trading before they're drafted, as the salary now counts - so they get a trade exception for that amount which they can then use later.  For example, the 2015 draft saw the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/pelicans/news/pelicans-trade-second-round-draft-pick-branden-dawson-clippers&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelicans trade their 2nd rounder to the Clippers for cash&lt;/a&gt; after he'd been selected (though they may well have had an agreement to select that player beforehand).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-06-26T16:09:26.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T16:09:26.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10603" CreationDate="2015-06-27T09:12:01.500" Score="8" ViewCount="22574" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering what is the reason a player is not allowed to damage their racquet on purpose, assuming they have another to play with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see why such behaviour would be discouraged, but why is there a specific rule regarding it? Assuming the player does not present a danger to anyone, how is that different from kicking a bottle or throwing a bag on the floor etc...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9095" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-26T09:31:23.223" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T20:20:29.587" Title="Why is racquet abuse banned in tennis?" Tags="|rules|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10588" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-27T13:58:03.133" Score="2" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;On June 26, 2015, the Mets had two hits, a home run (Granderon) and a triple (Hererra), but no singles or doubles, and they won the game (2-1 over the Reds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did the Mets pull off a baseball first? Has any other major league team hit only a home run and a triple in a single game, and if so did they win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9623" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-06-27T18:14:04.320" LastActivityDate="2016-06-25T02:27:44.543" Title="How often has a major league team hit only a home run and a triple in a single game?" Tags="|baseball|history|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-27T16:13:04.280" Score="5" ViewCount="839" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that there might be a problem (in German: &quot;isobare Gegendiffusion&quot;) when you switch breathing gases while scuba diving if the difference in the fraction of helium is quite high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this affect me when switching from trimix (or heliox) to air or from air to trimix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example 1:&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;I use air (21% O₂, 79% N₂) to go down to 30 m (100 ft) and want to switch to trimix (e.g. 21% O₂, 35% He, 44% N₂) to avoid nitrogen narcosis when going to 40 m (130 ft).&#xA;Upon reaching 30 m again, I would switch back to air (or nitrox).&#xA;The time spent below 30 m could be very short (e.g. &amp;lt; 5 min).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example 2:&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;I use air to go down to 45 m (145 ft), stay a few minutes, and switch to trimix in order to experience the influence of nitrogen narcosis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:&lt;/em&gt; I know that you need special training if you want to dive with trimix, but they don't teach about air in these courses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6286" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T00:58:28.540" Title="Is it possible to switch Trimix and Air in a dive?" Tags="|scuba-diving|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10596" CreationDate="2015-06-27T22:49:19.487" Score="1" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two outs, with men on first and third. The one man leaves first and gets caught in a rundown. The other man steals home as a result. The first man gets tagged out, but not before the other run reaches home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the run counted or not, since the one runner reached home first? That is, BEFORE the out? (In the actual play I'm thinking of, Pittsburgh vs. Atlanta, both men reached.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I assume correctly if the man on first made the second (instead of third) out, that the run is counted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T15:33:49.813" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T15:33:49.813" Title="What happens if only one runner reaches base on a double steal?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-06-29T17:30:38.427" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10547" CreationDate="2015-06-28T01:18:13.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends. If this is all the information I have, I would probably would be doing nothing and allowing the team to make a substitution at the next stoppage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA Laws of the Game state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the&#xA;  following seven offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only explicit exception given in the Laws of the Game is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player accidentally crosses one of the boundary lines of the field of play, he is not deemed to have committed an infringement. Going off the field of play may be considered to be part of a playing movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is no prohibition on granting permission after the fact, or allowing implicit permission. There are many times where this should be done, eg. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;is injured and in pain and makes their way off the field for treatment&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is far better to have someone off the field getting medical&#xA;attention instead of lying on the field in clear discomfort, in the&#xA;way of other players and at risk of being struck by another player or&#xA;the ball. If they're bleeding, it's better they're off the field too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;is feeling unwell&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player is ill (and particularly if they're about to vomit or discharge some other bodily fluids on the field) it is much better that they're off the field. Aside from this, a player who has a sudden bout of nausea or dizziness is a hazard to themselves and other players due to the collision risk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;has had a personal or work emergency they need to attend to.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If  a player has left the field due to a emergency work call-in (think paramedic / firefighter / police officer) or a sick or injured relative, the decision not to grant implicit permission or permission after the fact is going to potentially antagonise or agitate an entire team, making match control very difficult from that point onwards. At the lowest levels of the game, this may inspire a mass walk-off. This would all be for no particularly good reason.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;is being abused or assaulted by spectators&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player has had objects thrown at them from off the field or is receiving verbal abuse, particularly of the racial / religious / sexist kind. (the ones that tend to be very upsetting, and rightfully so), once again, this is going to be a flash point if you punish them for getting off the field and out of harm's way. In this situation it is also pretty unlikely that the game would continue, but cautioning them is going to make it very difficult to get off the field without large problems with their teammates.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player left the field and didn't come back, and I had no idea what for (as in the question), I believe it would be pretty safe to assume that it fit into one of the above categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, in all of these situations, if the player attempted to re-enter the field without permission, they would be cautioned - a player suddenly appearing on the field unmarked when their team has possession, or coming on to apply immediate pressure to the opposition is unfair to the opposition and must be dealt with accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are only three instances where I wouldn't implicitly grant permission for a player to leave the field without permission and would caution them, ie. when a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;leaves the field to start a confrontation with opponents or spectators, or otherwise commit an offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;leaves the field to attempt to bend the offside law, or otherwise gain some sort of unfair tactical advantage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;leaves the field to make a point against a particular refereeing decision or the refereeing in general.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, after all has been said, if a referee decides that they haven't provided implicit or after-the-fact permission, and the player has deliberately left the field (and it was not part of a natural playing movement) they are well within their rights to caution the player. They of course then must wear the consequences of that decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T01:18:13.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10593" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-28T01:22:53.057" Score="5" ViewCount="2014" Body="&lt;p&gt;If any batsman or non-striker batsman gets run out on a wide ball, will that ball be counted as a legal delivery, or still be called a wide with extra run ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9625" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T07:30:11.863" LastActivityDate="2023-11-24T11:00:52.613" Title="Run out on wide ball" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10593" CreationDate="2015-06-28T12:36:15.507" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A wide is always a wide, and always gives one run to the batting team. It doesn't matter if the batsman was out from the ball, whether that be run out, stumped or any of the other ways a batsman can be out from a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explicitly covered in (what was in 2015) &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20150610211441/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 25.5&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalty for a Wide&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A penalty of one run shall be awarded instantly on the call of Wide ball. [...] this penalty shall stand even if a batsman is dismissed, and shall be in addition to any other runs scored, any boundary allowance and any other runs awarded for penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 2023, this is now &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/wide-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.6&lt;/a&gt; with essentially the same wording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-24T11:00:52.613" LastActivityDate="2023-11-24T11:00:52.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10591" CreationDate="2015-06-29T03:38:27.803" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a runner scores before the third out is made on a play such as you describe, the run counts. The runner on first stealing second is not considered a force play, therefore, the run counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.08(a) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to&#xA;  and touches first, second, third and home base before three men&#xA;  are put out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner&#xA;  advances to home base during a play in which the third&#xA;  out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches&#xA;  first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by&#xA;  a preceding runner who is declared out because he&#xA;  failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scenario described follows the rule, and does not fall into any of the three exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please also note that the rules were reorganized for the 2015 season, so some rules are in different places in the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9627" LastEditorUserId="9627" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T13:55:43.667" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T13:55:43.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10590" CreationDate="2015-06-29T09:05:39.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can switch, but you are right there is a problem with switching. when you switch from a high He/low N2 mix to a low He/high N2 mix. It is called Isobaric Counter-transport/Counter-diffusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I suggest doing a PADI Trimix 40 course or an IANTD Recreational Trimix&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Helium has other problems, like coming out of suspension much faster than other gases. You can not skip deco stops on a trimixdive and also you need to control your ascent rate and normally have longer stops.  You also need a dive computer that can handle trimix dives. Please do not dive without doing some training in at least Hyperoxic or Normoxic trimix. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your instructor will give you good advice on which blends to use safely to the depths you wish to dive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.advanceddivermagazine.com/articles/icd/icd.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Isobaric counterdiffusion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1387" LastEditorUserId="1387" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T08:05:50.303" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T08:05:50.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10599" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-29T16:07:51.083" Score="4" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, I decided to remove the Velcro bindings of my MBS Colt 95x for fear of causing an injury lest I fall but one foot doesn't come out of the bindings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any advantage to having Velcro bindings though?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9630" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T01:51:50.330" Title="Are bindings needed on a mountain board?" Tags="|injuries|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10588" CreationDate="2015-06-30T17:09:28.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 16 occasions listed in Baseball Reference's play index where a team has had exactly two hits, with one triple and one home run. Surprisingly, that team has won 7 of the 16 games, including the Mets most recently. The previous occurrence was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/LAN/LAN201307270.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;July 27, 2013&lt;/a&gt;, when the Reds lost to the Dodgers. The last team to win with only a triple and HR was the Diamondbacks over the Cubs on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ARI/ARI200807210.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;July 21, 2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T17:09:28.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10586" CreationDate="2015-06-30T18:47:01.000" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racquet abuse is not the only offense that can lead to a point penalty in tennis. Kicking a bottle, throwing a bag, or using profanity will often lead to a warning from the chair umpire, if not a point penalty (depending on the number of offenses committed that match). These rules are in place to uphold the integrity and professionalism of the game and to ensure that players follow a certain code of conduct. They are analogous to technical fouls in basketball for yelling at a referee or throwing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To an extent, they also serve to protect offender's opponent, onlookers, and any officials. Smashing or throwing a racquet can create a safety hazard for those in the area. In addition, tirades can quickly escalate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T18:47:01.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10606" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-01T05:30:50.233" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would they pull him for the tenth inning in most cases?  I know that they're generally one-inning specialists but would they go to a setup man or something after?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9636" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-01T13:46:42.697" LastActivityDate="2015-07-03T02:56:13.333" Title="What do managers do when a closer blows the save?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|pitching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10606" CreationDate="2015-07-01T18:10:13.910" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would depend on many factors. Some of those:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How comfortable is the closer pitching more than one inning? Many are fairly comfortable, many are not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How often has the closer pitched recently?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How high a leverage situation is this?  7,8,9 guys coming up?  Or 1,2,3?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How rested is the rest of the bullpen?  If this goes 17, am I going to regret not pitching him a second inning?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NL or AL? If NL, is the closer coming up to bat?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is the handedness of the upcoming batters?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How good is my bullpen?  Do I have a couple of good guys who can go out and get outs reliably left?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many pitchers already pitched in this game?  Chris Sale goes 8, Robertson comes in and blows the save, he's probably not going out again.  John Danks goes 5, 3 other relievers pitch 6,7,8, Robertson blows the save, he's probably out for 10.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isn't a realistic answer, though, for &quot;most cases&quot; that has any meaning.  I suspect &gt; 50% of the time, you would find the closer does not come out again, but that's for a variety of reasons.  And who they'd go after would vary significantly also - maybe a setup guy, maybe a long innings guy.  Maybe a hybrid (TB has a guy right now, Geltz, who could do anything from 1 inning to 3 happily; he's often a 7th inning guy but is likely who they'd go to in the 10th.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T18:10:13.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-02T02:40:02.560" Score="7" ViewCount="2631" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just watching the cubs - mets game on TV (7/1/15) and in the bottom of the 8th, a bit of a bizarre play transpired, which seemed to stump the umpires and commentators alike. There were runners on 2nd (Daniel Murphy) and 3rd (Ruben Tejada) and 1 out, and Tejada took off to steal home. About half-way between 3rd and home, Tejada turned around and got caught in a rundown. Meanwhile, Murphy took off from 2nd to 3rd, and stayed put on 3rd when he got there (expecting Tejada to get thrown out in the rundown). But the result of the rundown was that Tejada ran back to third, on which Murphy was still standing, and passed through the bag (believing he was out somehow), running &lt;em&gt;behind&lt;/em&gt; Murphy and proceeding to get tagged out. The Cubs player then tagged Murphy, standing on 3rd, and the third-base umpire ruled both men out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the umpire quickly took back his ruling and went into conference with the other umpires, finally ruling only Tejada out, as he was tagged while behind 3rd base, but ruling Murphy safe at third.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, should Murphy (the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; runner) have also been called out for &lt;em&gt;passing&lt;/em&gt; Tejada (the &lt;em&gt;preceding&lt;/em&gt; runner), when Tejada ran back through third base and behind Murphy before he (Tejada) was tagged out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the issue comes down to the wording of the rule concerning runners passing other runners. According to Rule 7.08 (h): &quot;Any runner is out when: he passes a preceding runner before such runner is out.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, should Murphy have been automatically called out when Tejada (still not out) ran behind him, thereby putting Murphy &lt;em&gt;in front of the preceding runner&lt;/em&gt; Tejada? Or would Murphy only be considered to have &quot;passed the preceding runner&quot; if he himself were to run ahead of Tejada, rather than remaining stationary while Tejada ran behind (or &quot;unpassed&quot;) Murphy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9639" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T05:17:59.547" Title="MLB: Gray area concerning runners passing each other rule" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10609" CreationDate="2015-07-02T03:38:00.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No grey area.  Two runners can occupy the same base.  When there are two runners on the same base the lead runner can go to the next base or the following runner can go back.  At no time can their paths cross (being on the same base does not count as paths crossing) or the following runner is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if they are on the same bag and they are tagged the following runner is out.  But in this case no one was tagged.  Tejada ran past the bag and got tagged.  Which is a perfectly acceptable way to be out.  He could also have been called out for going outside of the baselines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tejada and Murphy actually made a tactical mistake.  Tejada is the superior runner and he was &quot;caught&quot; so he should have taken third base.  From there Murphy should have ran back to second before he was tagged.  Even though chances are slim there could be a wild throw in Murphy's rundown allowing Tejada to score or more importantly keeping the faster runner on third (but with two outs not a huge deal but still matters if there is a passed ball).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T03:38:00.380" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10609" CreationDate="2015-07-02T13:38:22.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I saw was that Tejada got back to the bag and then ran a few steps off down the left field line (without being tagged). The defensive player first tagged Murphy, then tagged Tejada while he (Tejada) was off the base. If I saw it correctly, by my understanding of the rule, both runners should be out. If two runners occupy the same base at the same time, and both are tagged, the following runner is out. In this case, Murphy, the following runner was tagged, so he is out, and Tejada was tagged when he was off the base, so he was out. The order of the tag matters! If Tejada was tagged first while he was off the base, then he is out and Murphy has the right to the base, so he is safe even if he is tagged (while he is on the base). I think the umps got it wrong. But then again, they are pros and I am only a HS/rec ump!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9644" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T13:38:22.083" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10606" CreationDate="2015-07-03T02:56:13.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One other element to consider will undoubtedly be pitch count.  In this day and age - whether right or wrong - pitch count is almost worshipped as the ultimate indicator for how long any pitcher goes.  Typically a closer can throw 20 an outing and they are strict on minimizing injury risks given how much the closers are paid and how important they are.  So...how many pitches did this closer throw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did the 8th inning guy come in to pitch the ninth with a 5 run lead only to allow 3 runs in and force the closer to come in for 10 pitches and the closer allowed an inherited runner but only threw up 10 pitches in the process?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was it a good morning good afternoon good night 9th with a solo homer allowed where pitch count is still low?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was the 9th a 25 pitch count inning?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also - how important is the game?  Game 7 World Series you have nothing to save his arm for especially  if he is a free agent after the season (sad but true but some managers like Dusty Baker are less caring about arm longevity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9257" LastActivityDate="2015-07-03T02:56:13.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10615" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10616" CreationDate="2015-07-03T08:49:23.170" Score="2" ViewCount="12179" Body="&lt;p&gt;so I run quite a lot, in the past 3 months I also started working out, so I reduced the number of my runs to 3-4 a week, but it's usually distances ranging from 5 to 20 km. There is this local competition for a best 2km time and I'd like to win it but I never ran short distances like this before. So if any of you have some specific advice, I would be very grateful, I have about a week to prepare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9648" LastActivityDate="2017-08-26T05:54:54.607" Title="How to efficiently prepare for a 2km run" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-08-28T03:54:34.310" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10615" CreationDate="2015-07-03T09:26:48.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am no athletics trainer whatsoever, so this is from my personal experience as a footballer who only occasionally takes part in a run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the next few days, train only on short distances with high pace. That can be anything from 1 km at full pace to a 5 km with intervals. Running anything more than 5 km makes no sense anymore. Your stamina is fine and should be the basis of a good performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Train until two days before the race, after that, only a bit of jogging (low pace, small distance) if you feel like to. You should not feel anything from training activities on the day of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the race, I think that you're best shot is to use your endurance training in your favor. So, try to get the pace up right from the beginning. Force the &quot;sprinters&quot; to put in enough effort right from the start to prevent them from getting a slow first kilometer and getting beat in a ferocious final kilometer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-07-03T09:26:48.513" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10617" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-03T18:11:06.580" Score="4" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll use an example from baseball to illustrate my question. A designated hitter is someone who bats, but is not deployed on the field. In its extreme form, a &quot;one way player&quot; would be someone who was one of the best hitters in the game, but could not field as well as a good minor league player. Examples would be David Ortiz or Frank Thomas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there people in tennis who are great servers but who have trouble at returning serve in the later stages of a major event? That is, they will almost never have their serve broken in a given match, but also almost never break serve? Meaning that a large number, if not the majority, of their sets are decided by tiebreakers? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put another way, how &quot;lopsided&quot; are John Isner, Ivo Karlovic, or other similarly challenged world class players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T13:51:34.863" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T01:28:18.297" Title="Is there such a thing as a &quot;one way player&quot; in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10685" CreationDate="2015-07-04T23:49:22.757" Score="6" ViewCount="2330" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a professional tournament, of course, there is no handicapping; the best (lowest) score wins. But among amateurs playing &quot;socially,&quot; a comparison of handicaps sometimes comes into play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose you are a &quot;scratch&quot; (par) golfer, and my history suggests that I will go ten strokes over, &quot;on average.&quot; Then, we might handicap the game so that I win if I hold my overage to nine or fewer strokes than yours. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are  such handicaps given? Is it because informal bets are taken? Is it because it's a social way to give the weaker player an even chance to &quot;win?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And apparently there is a technique to handicapping; that is, the weaker player is expected to get a par score on some holes, and is given say, a one stroke handicap on others (in my case, ten holes). How does that work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T16:12:13.357" Title="How does handicapping work in &quot;social&quot; games of golf?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10620" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-04T23:51:34.333" Score="1" ViewCount="1890" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does Germany have any national sport or sports, and if so, what are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germany is not mentioned in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalsport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;German&lt;/a&gt; language Wikipedia articles on national sports, but doesn't explicitly state that they don't have a national sport either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T17:30:47.707" Title="What is Germany's national sport or sports?" Tags="|rules|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-05T17:01:36.090" Score="2" ViewCount="977" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any difference, playing wise, between a centre jointed cue and a 3/4 jointed cue? I would have thought that the only difference would be that a centre jointed cue is more portable because it wouldn't require as large a case, but many players seem to have 3/4 jointed cues, and there must be a reason for this&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does wood type make a difference? Assuming they're the same weight, why would a maple cue be any better or worse than an ash cue, for example?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a heavier or lighter cue?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any reason to go for a hand spliced cue over a machine spliced one?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overall, what are you paying for when you buy a £250 cue as opposed to a £100 cue?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9653" LastEditorDisplayName="user9653" LastEditDate="2015-07-05T20:24:56.533" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T08:29:19.587" Title="What do different properties of a snooker cue affect?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10625" CreationDate="2015-07-05T19:09:22.700" Score="1" ViewCount="436" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman on strike calls &quot;yes&quot; and runs to the non-striker's end, but the non-striker doesn't run, who would be run out if the wicket at the striker's end was broken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6229" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T20:23:26.190" Title="What happens if the non-striker doesn't run but the batsman on strike does?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10624" CreationDate="2015-07-05T19:59:25.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the non-striker doesn't leave his crease, then the striker is out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See clause 3 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 38 - run out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T19:59:25.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10626" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12342" CreationDate="2015-07-05T22:05:35.687" Score="5" ViewCount="2985" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching the pre-game for the 2015 Women's World Cup final, they said that Japan would be using a 4-3-3 formation. Why did Japan give up that strategic information? Wouldn't it be better to keep it secret so that the USA couldn't use that information to devise counter strategy? I can't imagine they are required to submit a formation ahead of time, because it is such an abstract thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7706" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T21:46:11.340" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T07:23:20.100" Title="Why do football teams announce their formation before the game starts?" Tags="|football|strategy|world-cup|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10653" CreationDate="2015-07-06T01:28:05.107" Score="5" ViewCount="27765" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a good percentage for making baskets when practicing/shooting around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told 2 things for shooting by 2 different ppl.  One person said since no one is guarding me when practicing/shooting around, I should make all my shots.  This is very improbable since even the best pro shoots ~90% from the FT line.  Another case in point, even the pros won't hit all their shots when no one is guarding (I think Charles Barkley said something about how impossible it is for Curry to have hit 70 3ptrs in a row during practice or whatever he said during the 2015 playoffs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another person told me that when we practice shooting around, if we hit ~70% of our shots, that's good enough.  This makes a little more sense since:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We're not perfect and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If someone is guarding us, that percentage will drop, e.g. if I shot 10% from a spot when no one is guarding me, I'll probably be shooting 3% WITH someone guarding me&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that brings us to my original question, what is a good percentage to shoot at when practicing so that I know I have decent proficiency from that spot/area?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="1488" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T17:42:22.227" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T01:17:00.497" Title="Basketball shooting percentages while practicing" Tags="|basketball|statistics|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-09-05T12:45:03.753" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12960" CreationDate="2015-07-06T03:38:07.907" Score="7" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the coverage of the delayed Coke Zero 400 on NBC, and as I write this, the race is about to begin.  The commentators seemed to suggest that drivers are much more likely to experience crashes at Daytona then they are on other tracks.  Is this true?  If so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Admittedly, the start of the race has been delayed for a while now, and the commentators are probably running out of things to say.  I know very little about NASCAR, so I have no idea if it is true or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T01:19:37.793" Title="Does the Daytona International Speedway have more crashes than other tracks?" Tags="|auto-racing|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10632" CreationDate="2015-07-06T15:41:21.607" Score="6" ViewCount="758" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, a spinner bowls a full toss.  The batsman plays a shot, but misses it.  The ball hits the batsman, on his crease and below shoulder height, so is definitely not a no-ball.  It hits the batsman inline with the stumps (somewhere between the outside of off and the outside of leg stumps).  However, it hits him about the height of the stumps.  The ball is clearly dipping and will be below bail height by the time it would otherwise get to the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question, is this LBW or does this count as being hit outside the line of the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T16:23:20.373" Title="LBW to a Spinners Full Toss" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10631" CreationDate="2015-07-06T16:40:20.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would count as LBW above the stumps but in line wicket to wicket is acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The height is only used to judge whether the ball is hitting the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;36.1.d&lt;/a&gt; which directly addresses this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T16:23:20.373" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T16:23:20.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3316" CreationDate="2015-07-06T16:48:32.080" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A block in volleyball is when one team makes a move trying to get the ball over the net and the other team reaches up and blocks the ball from coming onto their side. If the ball lands back on the original team's side, it is the other teams point. it is a strategy used to gain points and keep the ball from landing on your side of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9334" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T16:48:32.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10620" CreationDate="2015-07-06T17:08:06.913" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Soccer is the national sport in Germany. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9334" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T17:08:06.913" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10635" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13354" CreationDate="2015-07-06T18:08:50.180" Score="8" ViewCount="2648" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was talking with some friends that said in Nova Scotia, gravel baseball infields were all they have every played on. I had never seen a gravel infield until I moved up here. Is there a specific reason for the gravel infield over a clay infield? We thought it might be weather related or money related, but cannot find any information via Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9662" LastActivityDate="2022-05-30T05:28:03.040" Title="Why do some places have gravel baseball fields?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10641" CreationDate="2015-07-06T19:46:27.840" Score="-1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;In current days, a camera is present everywhere - the stumps, boundary, umpire's hat etc. Would it be possible to have a camera on bat and ball as well? How would it disturb the aerodynamics of bat and ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9562" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T20:20:52.423" Title="Would it be feasible to have Camera on the bat and ball?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-07-22T21:49:39.043" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10637" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-07T01:31:08.293" Score="-6" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say the pitcher throws the ball but the batter does not hit it. Can someone at first,second or third proceed to the next base? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9663" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T07:54:34.757" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T09:38:16.573" Title="Is it possible for a runner to advance if the batter doesn't hit the ball?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10626" CreationDate="2015-07-07T01:40:25.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the regulation for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/07/47/91/regulationsfwwccanada2015_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Women World Cup&lt;/a&gt; (page 35):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each team is responsible for arriving at the stadium at the latest 90 minutes&#xA;before the kick-off of the respective match and for providing the completed&#xA;start list to the FIFA General Coordinator upon such arrival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each team is responsible for ensuring that the start list is completed&#xA;properly and submitted on time, and that only the selected players start the&#xA;match. In the case of any discrepancies, the matter will be submitted to the&#xA;FIFA Disciplinary Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are additional details in case a starting player get injured during the warm-up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the list of 11 starting players and knowledge of previous games, it is possible to infer the formation (4-3-3; 4-4-2 or any other) although surprises could be prepared. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastEditorUserId="9505" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T11:40:20.503" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T11:40:20.503" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10637" CreationDate="2015-07-07T07:55:41.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is called a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_base&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;stolen base&lt;/a&gt; or a &quot;steal&quot; and is a relatively common occurrence in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T07:55:41.643" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10636" CreationDate="2015-07-07T08:18:34.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically possible, you could mount a small wireless camera in the ball but and something similar in the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in the ball it would only be able to face in one direction and there would be no gaurentee that would be of any interest.  The repeated impact forces would probably destroy it fairly quickly, and it would also alter the weight of the ball and probably change the way the ball is made to be able to fit the camera in so I doubt it will ever be attempted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the bat it would be easier to ensure it looked in the right direction but motion bluring would be an issue and then you would have the impact issues around the lifespan of the camera.  It would also introduce a structual weakness in to the bat.  Or if surface mounted would effect the pick up and stroke of the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So its extremely unlikely to happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T08:18:34.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10637" CreationDate="2015-07-07T09:38:16.573" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes Definately .. If the next base is empty then only you can run, if not empty then you are called out as two players on same base occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://probaseballinsider.com/baseball-instruction/base-running/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reference Base Stealing&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9667" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T09:38:16.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10648" CreationDate="2015-07-07T12:39:13.613" Score="5" ViewCount="1524" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have encountered the word pigeon in connection with tennis players, for example, have a look &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=pigeon+site:tennis-warehouse.com&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=pigeon+site:tennisforum.com&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=pigeon+site:menstennisforums.com&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It seems to be a slang term - at least I did not find it in any news article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the context it is clear that it has something to do with one player having bad H2H against another player. Could somebody give a clearer explanation when this word is used? Etymology of this phrase could also bit interesting. Has this originated from some common idiom in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T19:24:05.993" Title="In what sense is the term &quot;pigeon&quot; used in tennis" Tags="|tennis|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10645" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-08T01:32:44.810" Score="1" ViewCount="3199" Body="&lt;p&gt;By &quot;long&quot; delay, I mean an hour or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On one hand, a pitcher that has pitched two or three innings, and is interrupted by rain gets a chance to rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, perhaps a pitcher has warmed up, and gotten into a &quot;rhythm.&quot; Then perhaps the delay &quot;undid&quot; all this work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has a pitcher been likely to pitch the same way after a rain delay as before? Suppose there is more than one rain delay in the game. Has it been  disruptive to most pitchers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was think in terms of last night's game, San Diego vs. Pittsburgh. Why did San Diego relieve its starter after two innings and an almost two hour rain delay, when he had given up no runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T19:53:08.510" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T19:53:08.510" Title="What has historically been the effect of a long rain delay on a pitcher's arm?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10586" CreationDate="2015-07-08T06:25:33.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience, it can be a distraction for the opponent. She / he might already be totally focused on the next point, and an opponent destroying his racket will not only be noisy, but also take extra time to get ready for the next point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, smashing a racket into to ground could damage some types of courts, e.g. clay or grass, which could potentially be dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9394" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T06:25:33.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10643" CreationDate="2015-07-08T19:07:54.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player that is easy to beat, an easy prey. If you beat a player too many times, he/she becomes your &quot;pigeon&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&amp;amp;ion=1&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8#q=define+pigeon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&amp;amp;ion=1&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8#q=define+pigeon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NORTH AMERICAN&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;informal&#xA;a gullible person, especially someone swindled in gambling or the victim of a confidence trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This term has been commonly used as as a slang as far as the 20's in American English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T19:24:05.993" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T19:24:05.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10582" CreationDate="2015-07-08T22:22:42.143" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not practice boxing or martial arts, but I am a tennis player, and every coach will say the same about hitting the ball as a martial arts coach will about hitting an opponent - the power should come from your core and lower body, rather than your arm/shoulder. The idea is to use large muscle groups (quads, hamstrings, glutes, core) to create movement. These are the strongest muscles in your body, so they will allow you to hit with not only more power, but more stability as well. If all your power comes from your arm and shoulder, it will be easy for someone to deflect the hand or stop it altogether, as they will be fighting rather small and (relatively) weak muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The physical mechanism is simple - using your legs and core, you can force your upper body to rotate. If your body is rotating, then one shoulder is moving towards your opponent. Hold out your hand and use your arm/shoulder muscles to guide it as you rotate, and you will have a more powerful punch than if you kept your shoulders stationary and punched with your arm muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not have any training suggestions, other than practicing with this in mind. It helps to keep a slight bend in the knees so that your quads are already engaged. Your legs should be tired at the end of a practice session. As far as conditioning goes, I would suggest rotation exercises with a medicine ball (holding the ball in both hands, rotate it from one hip to the other). To step it up, do it on an upside-down bosu ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5014" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T22:22:42.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10651" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-09T11:40:22.807" Score="2" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine a table tennis board divided into the usual 4 rectangles. From top-left going clockwise we have A1, A2, B2 and B1 (in that order). B1, B2 and A1, A2 are on opposite sides of the net.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a doubles match, we start by serving from B2-&gt;A1. During the serve, if the ball hits the net and then falls into A2, is it called &lt;strong&gt;a wrong serve or a let?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2222" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-06T06:40:42.773" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T06:40:42.773" Title="Table Tennis Double 'Let' Rules" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-07-17T07:45:00.457" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10335" CreationDate="2015-07-09T21:50:18.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For optimum performance on a long distance run in a flat terrain, each runner needs to follow their own optimum pace as opposed to a fluctuating pace.  Randomly fluctuating pace consumes more energy for the same finish time.  Keeping awareness of the current pace at any given point consumes mental energy which could be spent elsewhere.  The relatively easiest method of sticking to a known pace is to follow a runner who is known or expected to concentrate on a specific pace known in advance.  It certainly helps if that runner (pacemaker) is incentivized by race organizers to serve other runners predictably; otherwise it is just a competitor, or worse, a potential conspirator of a competitor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, leading a fast group is slightly disadvantageous aerodynamically.  Whoever can sustain being a steady front-runner for 25 km with a pack of closely following competitors and then go on outpacing them in the rest of a marathon track, has already helped the group tremendously basically regardless of what their exact pace for the first 25 km was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer assumes that the pacemaker is at least barely professional in keeping their contract with the race organizers and that the contractual pace was chosen wisely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more reading, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rw.runnersworld.com/sub-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; predicts that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Whoever finally runs a sub-two-hour marathon will have to start with the belief that it’s possible, that he’s the one to do it, and that he won’t get there alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't specifically about pacemakers, but about groups competing against each other, similar to cycling teams.  The article has some good insights about the psychological aspects of running in a group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9677" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T21:50:18.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10627" CreationDate="2015-07-10T06:44:19.577" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends where you are shooting from, your skills, and your technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below are my expectations for high school teams (boys) I have coached:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;layups unguarded - 100%.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Within 5 feet of the basket unguarded - 90%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Free throws 80%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 pointers - 50% for those who should be practicing them&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would expect a good college three point shooter to make 60-70% of his 3s in practice however this differs by kid.  I have coached kids that make close to 80% of their threes with no one on them and in games barely get to 30%.  And then on the same team there is a kid who is having a great day at practice if he hits 50% of his 3s but in games hits 40%.  It is a matter of how well the kid can tune out their opponent, how they handle pressure, and how they maintain and judge spacing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also we try to have a guarder on our practice shooters.  I ask the kids when not shooting to stand 4-5 feet in front of the shooter.   This really helps kids shoot better in games and one of the best routines to get in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the question is - what is your form.  There is no use in letting a kid sit there and take 10 seconds to shoot like they are playing horse.  The whole point of practicing is letting your body learn good habits.  Catching the ball quickly, quickly getting your hands in position and the ball out, 90 degrees, quick back, and then follow through... over and over.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What really separates the good shooters from the people who like to shoot is how focused they are on keeping proper technique the entire time.  Over time with close to perfect technique you can get your shot off twice as fast as your average player.  Meaning you more or less need half the spacing to get your shot off - which means a higher % in the games compared to unguarded.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last part seems obvious but I haven't touched on it yet.  You ask what a good shooting percentage and I gave you some baselines.  But I don't just let the kids sit around and shoot.  We run first.  A lot.  It is really easy to hit 10 shots with a slight fade to the left and back.  Really hard to have that fade and be consistent when your legs are tired.  On the same thought there are things that each person's body does to compensate for them being tired.  Most of practicing is reducing those things.  Do your knee buckle in a bit, do your hips turn up to fast, does your feet spray out?  Very likely not until you get a little fatigued before shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T06:44:19.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10655" CreationDate="2015-07-10T14:07:53.767" Score="5" ViewCount="1011" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand what this all means. On 9 July 2015, Eric Pincus &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/EricPincus/status/619398973812441088&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweeted this&lt;/a&gt; out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Boston Celtics have renounced the rights to Shaquille O'Neal&#xA;  @BBallInsiders also Stephon Marbury, Michael Olowokandi, Scot Pollard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand what this means at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shaq last played 2011 for the Celts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stephon last played 2009 for the Celts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Olo last played 2007 for the Celts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pollard last played 2008 for the Celts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why are they &quot;renouncing&quot; the rights to those players when they have long since left the organization, for the most part 7 - 9 years after they've left?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1739" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T14:23:07.787" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:23:07.787" Title="Why are the Celtics renouncing long-retired players?" Tags="|finances|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10654" CreationDate="2015-07-10T17:07:22.167" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, a team has to hold cap space for their free agents until the player signs with a team or the team renounces the player's rights.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q14&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cbafaq.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cap holds are &amp;quot;placeholders&amp;quot; for players the team is expected to sign in the future. For example, a team is expected to sign its unsigned first round draft pick, so an amount is reserved for this signing in the form of a cap hold. A team $10 million below the cap with $4 million in cap holds therefore has $6 million in room. A team $5 million under the cap with $6 million in cap holds is not considered to be under the cap at all, and must use exceptions to sign players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once Bird rights are established, they don't go away unless the player is renounced or signs with another NBA team. This means teams retain Bird rights to many players who have long since retired, and could still use those Bird rights to re-sign such a player if that player attempts a comeback (but not for a sign-and-trade transaction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the Celtics, the last time they had cap space was in 1997 and so there wasn't a reason to go through the paperwork of renouncing a player. Now that they are under the cap, renouncing these cap holds will allow the Celtics to have even more room under the cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T17:07:22.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10657" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10658" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" Score="0" Body="Questions about MotoGP" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T19:12:32.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10659" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-10T20:10:33.457" Score="4" ViewCount="1681" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2015 Tour the France, the Orica-GreenEDGE team lost three riders in the first few stages. The team time trial only starts on the second Sunday, and as far as I know, the time of the fifth rider counts for the squad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if they lose two more guys, and will not be able to finish with 5 riders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="392" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T13:52:32.520" LastActivityDate="2022-07-21T10:28:59.963" Title="What happens with a team time trial when a team does not have enough riders?" Tags="|rules|cycling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10659" CreationDate="2015-07-10T22:15:38.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever a team has less than 5 riders to compete in the TTT, the time of the final rider counts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not have an official source, but this question has been asked quite often over the past few days and this was the answer provided every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, I believe, but I'm not 100% sure, when one or more of these riders finish out of time, the other riders will get the time of the last rider to finish in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T22:15:38.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5524" CreationDate="2015-07-11T10:01:30.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically runouts have not been recorded in cricket, however the good people at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://acscricket.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ACS&lt;/a&gt; have gone through the old newspaper reports and attributed runouts retroactively to players, although the ICC do not recognise these, they are largely respected by scorers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;T20&lt;/a&gt; International [and most domestic] Cricket, which has largely been televised, it usually is, at least, noted .... like this from the CPL the other day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RJ Peterson   run out (Brathwaite/Cottrell)   7   9   0   0   77.77&#xA;    18.2 Cottrell to Pollard, comes round the wicket, low full toss wide outside off, powers it down the ground, long-on comes around and fires&#xA;  it to the bowler who removes the bails. KP wants to keep the strike as&#xA;  they comes back for the second, Peterson way short of his crease 101/6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9685" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T10:01:30.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10659" CreationDate="2015-07-11T14:02:56.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you mentioned Tour de France, here is what I have found about this in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2015/docs/TDF15_Reglement-BD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tour de France regulations&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184001/http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2015/docs/TDF15_Reglement-BD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;). It is possible that different races have different rules. (This is explicitly mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3251/which-riders-time-determines-result-in-team-time-trial/3328#3328&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 24: Team time trial stage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&#xA;Each team’s classification position on the stage is established by the time set by their fifth rider across the finish line (accuracy is to 1/100th of a second).&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&#xA;In the event where a team no longer has at least 5 riders, those remaining in the race are required to complete the course within the permitted finishing time provided for in Article 22 (Coefficient 6).&#xA;The time taken into account for the team classification is the time of the final rider to finish recorded 5 times.&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-07-21T10:28:59.963" LastActivityDate="2022-07-21T10:28:59.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-12T02:19:02.533" Score="4" ViewCount="1546" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I look at mlb pitchers their gloves seem to have a specific breakpoint compared to infielders/outfielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas on their breakpoints?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9614" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-13T13:23:49.583" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T19:57:46.013" Title="How to break in a pitchers glove?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|maintenance|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10599" CreationDate="2015-07-12T23:37:45.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certainly safety would be a consideration. Also it means your board won't go flying in the event that you do fall. If you fall off, your board would continue going down. If you fall with the Velcro then you keep the board with you like a snowboard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T23:37:45.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10669" CreationDate="2015-07-13T14:52:16.353" Score="6" ViewCount="16480" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times have the Stanley Cup Finals been played between two Canadian hockey teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-13T15:02:48.020" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T15:02:48.020" Title="How many times have the Stanley Cup Finals featured two Canadian teams?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10668" CreationDate="2015-07-13T15:02:34.120" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=25426&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Since 1927&lt;/a&gt;, when the NHL assumed possession of the Stanley Cup, there have been 8 instances of the Stanley Cup Finals consisting of 2 Canadian Teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1935 Montreal Maroons beat the Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1947 Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1951 Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1959 Montreal Canadiens beat the Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1960 Montreal Canadiens beat the Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1967 Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1986 Montreal Canadiens beat the Calgary Flames&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1989 Calgary Flames beat the Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T15:02:34.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10428" CreationDate="2015-07-13T15:44:01.860" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No, there is no agreement.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are accurate in your finding that there is no agreement. However in my experience it starts with one in the upper left and rotates clockwise down to the lower left to 4, with 5-hole added on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T15:44:01.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9099" CreationDate="2015-07-13T21:46:00.010" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple... to achieve consistent a good line and length and to trouble the batter. The good length will put doubt in the batters mind to come forward or back plus with the bowler closer to them at the point of release can intimidate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they trained and then played with their front foot much further back then the batter will have time to adjust and to decide what to do, plus the ball will not bounce as much because the ball has to be bowled flatter to bounce at the point of indecision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the bowler will mark their run up so they can get their foot close to the pooping crease. They don't want to go over it but does happen particularly if they try too hard and their stride widens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/nov/03/cricket.features&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from Brett Lee himself&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Someone will mark exactly where your front foot landed, and you don't worry about where the ball goes. Then you go back and do it again, pushing off the same mark, run and let it go while feeling comfortable, and hopefully you will release the ball at the same point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is important to release the ball from the same spot so why not use the crease as the marker and get under the skin of the batter also. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket is more than skill, it is also a mind game to upset the rhythms of their opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcoach.com/cricket-basics/bowling/line-and-length/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;line and length video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T21:46:00.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5024" CreationDate="2015-07-14T00:48:05.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The spray is an aerosol containing menthol. Menthol cools, and the act of spraying aerosol is cooling. (Boyle/Charles/Combined Gas Laws -- when the pressure of a gas is reduced, the temperature goes down.) By drastically cooling the area, it applies temporary pain relief. Very temporary, but for minor dings it gets rid of the pain so they can play. Most (male) soccer &quot;injuries&quot; are really only acting for a foul anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One product that is used in various sports is BioFreeze(TM), which I have seen used in my work in ER (as a Sports Medicine PA). They &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.biofreeze.com/page/en/Mechanism-of-Action.aspx?parent=82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;describe on their website&lt;/a&gt; that Menthol is &quot;the active ingredient in Biofreeze Pain Reliever&quot;, and explain how cooling and menthol can relieve pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9693" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-07-14T06:57:54.343" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T06:57:54.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10675" CreationDate="2015-07-14T10:40:10.423" Score="6" ViewCount="6520" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Giro d'Italia and other stage races such as the Tour de France and Vuelta a España, there is a maximum time to arrive at the end of the stage after which racers are disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How this maximum time is determined for each stage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-07-22T09:29:22.903" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T09:29:22.903" Title="How is the maximum time to finish determined for a cycling stage?" Tags="|rules|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10674" CreationDate="2015-07-14T10:56:14.580" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the Tour de France, a rider has to finish within a set percentage of the time of the stage winner. This factor depends on two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &quot;difficulty&quot; of the stage - e.g. a flat stage vs mountains&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The average speed of the stage winner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The percentage can vary from 4% (for a slow, flat stage) to 18% (for a fast, mountainous stage), although the organisers are allowed to make exceptions if more than 20% of the field would be outside the time limit. (Details taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.active.com/cycling/articles/rules-to-ride-by-at-the-tour-de-france&quot;&gt;Rules to Ride by at the Tour de France&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find a direct reference to the rules for the Giro d'Italia or Vuelta a España, but I believe them to be based on the same principles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T10:56:14.580" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5752" CreationDate="2015-07-14T13:58:54.567" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer, while doing a good job of presenting the background from a British point of view, doesn't really get at the actual reason for the unusual status of British teams in some sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very simplistic to consider that the UK's “constituent countries” have “full country” status as far as international law or sports bodies are concerned. Many sport bodies (including the IOC or FIFA) have in fact made their rules in this respect considerably stricter in the last decades and would almost certainly refuse to acknowledge anything like that if the UK (or any other country) would request it now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is therefore no reason to assume that the UK could simply choose to be represented by separate teams at any time, e.g. in the Olympics. Beyond all their peculiarities and no matter how the locals want to see them, the UK constituent countries are in fact very much in the same position as Bosnia and Herzegovina's autonomous entities, Swiss cantons, Belgium communities/regions, Dutch or Danish overseas dependencies, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual reason England, Wales, Scotland and (Northern) Ireland teams still exist in rugby (union or league, though there is also a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_national_rugby_league_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Great Britain rubgy league team&lt;/a&gt;), football, curling and cricket is that Great Britain had such an overwhelming influence on the development of these five sports, that it historically enjoyed, and to some extent still enjoys, an outsize influence on their governance. From that point of view, what's special here is not so much the way the UK is organised rather than the history of the sport itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On top of that, the all-Irish team in rugby union represents another anomaly, also rooted in history. I don't know much about the details but this team existed prior to the independence of Ireland and rugby was at the time primarily a sport of the protestant middle class. The latter might explain why there is no team for Ireland like there is football and other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4930" LastEditorUserId="4930" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T09:17:44.817" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T09:17:44.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10458" CreationDate="2015-07-14T15:26:14.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are indeed lead ponies or companion ponies. This horse(s) are brought along with a race horse to and on the road to keep them emotionally stable and focused on the race. These ponies help them to stay calm before races. This is a common practice for many race horses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Famed champion Seabiscuit relied on a whole covey of kindly animals: a horse named Pumpkin, a dog named Pocatell, and a spider monkey named Jo-Jo. The champion Unbridled, who won the 1990 Kentucky Derby, enjoyed companionship from his equine friend Mustard &amp;lt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2004/06/what_is_a_companion_pony.html&quot;&gt;http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2004/06/what_is_a_companion_pony.html&lt;/a&gt;`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T15:26:14.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10674" CreationDate="2015-07-14T17:13:39.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are defined by the race organizer. But regardless of the rules, the time limit can be adjusted by the race jury for extenuating circumstances. The obvious case is when too many riders would be eliminated, which is why the slower riders tend to group together at the back of the race. The hope is that if the group is big enough, the race jury won't throw them out. This tactic doesn't always work, however. In stage 18 of the 2003 Giro, 34 riders missed the time cut on a wet and freezing day and were tossed from the race. That was almost 25% of the field!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The race jury will also sometimes take pity on riders who have crashed, or had really bad luck, and still managed to finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9697" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T17:13:39.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10684" CreationDate="2015-07-15T01:43:39.417" Score="4" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;With runs at a premium at times in All-Star games, and I know DH's are used in some games, has a pitcher ever homered in an All-Star game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T14:03:32.633" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T15:50:07.827" Title="Has a pitcher ever homered in an All-Star game?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10683" CreationDate="2015-07-15T09:50:22.933" Score="6" ViewCount="21088" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the ATP world tour, and the ITF (international tennis federation)? What is the difference between the rankings of the ATP and the rankings of the ITF?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9700" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T14:05:02.607" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T14:05:02.607" Title="What is the difference between the ATP and the ITF?" Tags="|tennis|atp|itf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10682" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-15T12:56:49.210" Score="3" ViewCount="6076" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was attempting to pump my basketball with a pumping needle and a wrong sort of pump. Half way I noticed the valve went inwards. Trying to use the needle to pull it back, it fell into the ball. Is there a way I can fix this with a bunch of usual home tools?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7659" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T20:15:59.413" LastActivityDate="2024-01-21T21:46:39.550" Title="How can I fix my basketball valve that has fallen into the ball?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10681" CreationDate="2015-07-15T13:55:20.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ATP Tennis or The Association of Tennis professionals is the governing body of tennis in the men's circuit of professional tennis. It consists of all the tennis tournaments organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals or ATP. The organization is affiliated to the International Tennis Federation or the ITF, the international governing body of tennis. The ATP was founded in 1972 with aim of ruling the sport in the domain of men's tennis. Since then, the organization has been controlling various tennis events scheduled under ATP Tennis Tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ATP tennis tour schedule includes numerous tennis tournaments, which are held around the world throughout the year. Tennis tournaments included in the ATP Tennis schedule are divided in various groups. The main groups of tennis tournaments held under ATP Tennis are Grand Slams, Tennis Masters Cup, ATP Masters Series, ATP International Series, ATP International Series Gold, ATP Challenger Series, Satellites Tournaments and Futures tournaments. The Satellite Tournaments and Future Tournaments are contested as ITF events, which are included in the ATP Tennis schedule. Tennis Master Cup is also held in association with the ITF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref :- &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mapsofworld.com/sports/tennis/associations.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Associations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basic terms, the ATP organise the big events for the big players while the ITF hold the events for the players with much lower world rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T13:55:20.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10680" CreationDate="2015-07-15T15:50:07.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Baseball Reference Play Index, 140 players have hit 182 home runs through the 2015 game, but no pitcher has ever hit a home run in the All-Star Game. Now that DH is used every year, this will likely never happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other ASG home run fun facts: Stan Musial has the most ASG home runs with 6. Ichiro hit an inside-the-park HR in 2007. Fred Lynn had the only grand slam in 1983. Naturally, Babe Ruth hit the first ASG home run in 1933.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T15:50:07.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10619" CreationDate="2015-07-15T17:32:47.083" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the only reason for a handicap in a social game of golf is for betting purposes.  If Player A is 10 shots better than Player B then they may decide to bet on the final score with Player B getting a 10 shot handicap.  It can be done a number of ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A could give Player B 5 shots per side (this is most common from my experience)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A could give Player B 10 shots to the final score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A could give Player B a single shot on 10 specific holes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shots per specific hole should lead into your last question.  Each course handicaps the holes on their course from 1 to 18.  1 being the most difficult hole and 18 being the easiest.  Player A may give Player B a single shot on the 10 hardest holes and play the other 8 straight up.  They may decide on some other combination of holes too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I play quite a bit with my friends and we keep track of our handicaps, and only use them to bet on final score for dinner or beers.  The biggest use of a handicap is for amateur tournaments where you would be grouped with players of the same level.  In other tournaments like a team scramble or team best ball, they use your handicap to figure out a final score compared to the other teams and their handicaps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golftips.golfsmith.com/handicap-hole-golf-course-20161.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Link on Handicaps&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_(golf)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Good Wiki Link on Calculating and Using Handicaps&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2157" LastEditorUserId="2157" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T19:46:14.300" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T19:46:14.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-15T18:54:52.077" Score="2" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine the following completely hypothetical scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have Chris Davis on my team (I am Dan Duquette).  I know that Chris will be a free agent next year, and I want to keep him.  I sign him to a multi-year deal that goes into effect next season - and doesn't begin until then. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the trading deadline;  realizing I will not compete, I trade him to the Diamondbacks for Ken Griffey the Third, Alex Rodriguez's cousin, and a genetic clone of Pedro Martinez.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do this knowing that next season Chris will be back, and The Orioles now have murderers row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the next season starts Chris's contract kicks in and he's an Oriole again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure that this is illegal, but I can't find any mention of it on Google.  Does anyone know the rules (if any) referencing this type of situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T19:51:06.840" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T19:51:06.840" Title="Signing a player before trading him" Tags="|baseball|mlb|transaction|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2015-07-23T13:23:21.577" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10688" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-15T19:10:53.323" Score="2" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that he has the record for the fastest pitch ever, but there is an hilarious stat that I found (but now cannot find again) once showing the 20 or so fastest pitches since 2000.  I think Chapman had all but 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been another pitcher who was this much ahead of the rest of the league?  In other words, has there been a pitcher who's fastball was so consistently much faster than anyone else's?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T06:34:20.593" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T13:49:02.433" Title="Aroldis Chapman's Speed" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10623" CreationDate="2015-07-16T08:29:19.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no real difference between centre-joint and 3/4 joint. If they are well made then there's no issue of balance. As you say, the only benefit is portability. Many people have 3/4 cues but never detach it, even for travelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maple vs. ash - As I understand, the only difference is the visible grain. Ash cues have a visible grain which, if well made, should form chevrons down the shaft as viewed from your shot stance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all things, personal preference is the main factor. The only advice I would give is to try the cue before you buy it, and decent manufacturers will have a table to allow you to do this. The reason to have your own cue in the first place is to build consistency; to reduce as many variables in your game as you can. So, find a cue that feels right for you and stick with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stephen Hendry won many of his world championships playing with a £30 club cue, so in most cases it's down to the user, not the tool!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8874" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T08:29:19.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10692" CreationDate="2015-07-17T06:33:34.453" Score="3" ViewCount="9646" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a libero to score points during a volleyball match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that libero cannot hit the ball, but he can set and receive, so is it possible that the ball passes over the net and falls in the opposite field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any example of the libero scoring points by the end of the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-10-14T14:30:21.237" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T14:30:21.237" Title="Is it possible for the libero to score points in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|scoring|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10691" CreationDate="2015-07-17T07:28:23.397" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a libero to score point during a volleyball match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. There is nothing in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt;, in particular Rule 19 &quot;The Libero Player&quot;, which says that a libero cannot score points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The libero cannot hit the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is incorrect. Quoting from Rule 19.3.1.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The Libero] is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere [...] &lt;strong&gt;if at the moment of the contact the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis) i.e. the libero can hit the ball, so long as it's done from below the height of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is any exemple with the libero with points at the end of the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes - you can see some examples of Japan's libero, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisa_Sat%C5%8D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Arisa Satō&lt;/a&gt;, scoring points in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xKGdQhTgGE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this YouTube video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-01T09:05:50.807" LastActivityDate="2015-10-01T09:05:50.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-17T12:12:45.670" Score="4" ViewCount="23341" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: A football keeper throws the ball in the air to kick it out, but the other team's striker kicks it away before the keeper can make contact. The striker scores on the play. Should the goal be disallowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T02:31:23.400" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T08:07:55.963" Title="Is this goal allowed on steal from keeper?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-01-13T14:38:35.340" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-07-17T16:36:55.877" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This goal would not be allowed, as the ball is still considered in the goalie's possession. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While the ball is in the possession of the goalkeeper, it cannot be played by an opponent. Any attempt to do so may be punished by a direct free kick.  &quot;In the possession of the goalkeeper&quot; is defined as the goalkeeper having the ball trapped between one hand and a surface (which may include the other hand, the ground, a goalpost, or the keeper's own body).  International Board Decision Two of Law 12 emphasizes that the hand includes any part of the hand or arm.  However, as stated in the Advice to Referees on the Laws of the Game (Advice 12.16 and 12.17), the goalkeeper is also considered to be in possession of the ball while bouncing it on the ground or while throwing it into the air.  Possession is given up if, while throwing the ball into the air, it is allowed to strike the ground.&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When is Possession Lost?&#xA;  The critical question is when the goalkeeper has released the ball into play and thus has allowed the ball to be played by an opponent.  Based on traditional interpretations of this issue and the International Board's Questions and Answers, the referee should consider the ball as having been released into play after leaving the goalkeeper's hands only if the goalkeeper has completed a throw or kick (punt) and the goalkeeper is not able directly to possess the ball again in his or her hands.  Thus, the ball is not playable by an opponent during the entire time it is being held by the goalkeeper (including when the ball is being bounced on the ground) or during the entire process of being released into play (including the action of throwing or kicking/punting the ball).  In short, opponents may play the ball only if the goalkeeper has clearly distributed the ball by kicking or throwing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/02/playing-the-ball-in-the-goalkeepers-possession&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/02/playing-the-ball-in-the-goalkeepers-possession&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T18:51:50.937" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T18:51:50.937" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-17T18:12:45.420" Score="3" ViewCount="1755" Body="&lt;p&gt;The documentation on Betfair for calculating near and far prices is quite brief. Could anyone here provide me with a worked example of how to calculate the far and near price for this data from Betfair?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual far and near prices are in the data below, but I want to learn how to calculate it manually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{'availableToBack': [{'price': 3.0, 'size': 199.7},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.98, 'size': 142.55},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.96, 'size': 48.29},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.94, 'size': 118.08},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.92, 'size': 98.75},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.9, 'size': 283.45},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.88, 'size': 121.39},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.86, 'size': 184.12},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.84, 'size': 177.02},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.82, 'size': 149.17},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.8, 'size': 140.03},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.78, 'size': 105.76},&#xA;                     {'price': 2.76, 'size': 135.14},&#xA; 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                    {'price': 1.44, 'size': 10.0},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.32, 'size': 37.5},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.31, 'size': 587.09},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.25, 'size': 3.0},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.13, 'size': 6.49},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.1, 'size': 32.0},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.03, 'size': 66.0},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.02, 'size': 15050.0},&#xA;                     {'price': 1.01, 'size': 1759.61}],&#xA; 'availableToLay': [{'price': 3.05, 'size': 50.27},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.1, 'size': 222.38},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.15, 'size': 406.65},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.2, 'size': 122.67},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.25, 'size': 56.32},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.3, 'size': 69.86},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.35, 'size': 66.76},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.4, 'size': 204.27},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.45, 'size': 5.11},&#xA; 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                 {'price': 2.9, 'size': 352.7},&#xA;                  {'price': 2.92, 'size': 1046.12},&#xA;                  {'price': 2.94, 'size': 1801.12},&#xA;                  {'price': 2.96, 'size': 684.53},&#xA;                  {'price': 2.98, 'size': 837.79},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.0, 'size': 1653.46},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.05, 'size': 1901.79},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.1, 'size': 976.5},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.15, 'size': 1372.35},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.2, 'size': 1152.81},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.25, 'size': 1258.86},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.3, 'size': 1238.7},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.35, 'size': 1421.73},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.4, 'size': 690.52},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.45, 'size': 617.1},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.5, 'size': 535.21},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.55, 'size': 13.53},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.6, 'size': 140.68},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.65, 'size': 57.06},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.7, 'size': 29.87},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.85, 'size': 11.31},&#xA;                  {'price': 3.95, 'size': 11.31},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.0, 'size': 40.42},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.1, 'size': 102.25},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.2, 'size': 629.99},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.3, 'size': 289.54},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.4, 'size': 372.96},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.5, 'size': 570.75},&#xA;                  {'price': 4.6, 'size': 21.38}]}&#xA;{'backStakeTaken': [{'price': 1.01, 'size': 784.54},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.0, 'size': 5.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.4, 'size': 8.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.5, 'size': 2.44},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.55, 'size': 60.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 4.0, 'size': 150.0}],&#xA; 'farPrice': 2.56,&#xA; 'layLiabilityTaken': [{'price': 1000.0, 'size': 988.15},&#xA;                       {'price': 4.0, 'size': 35.0},&#xA;                       {'price': 2.56, 'size': 600.3}],&#xA; 'nearPrice': 2.993840265781219}&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6389" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T15:41:40.330" Title="How to calculate the far and near price of betfair?" Tags="|betting|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10702" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-18T00:41:38.940" Score="6" ViewCount="5385" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to play table tennis and badminton before i wanted to learn tennis. TT and Badminton don't require the wrist to be locked in all strokes. However, in Tennis, the wrist needs to be perfectly locked esp. in the forehand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when I started learning, I did not know this and i somehow learnt to play most strokes in tennis with a flick of the wrist as well which is actually not advisable. How do I unlearn this so that I can learn the correct way of hitting a forehand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9715" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T08:58:22.557" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T23:04:33.340" Title="Learning to keep the wrist locked while learning forehand in tennis" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10702" CreationDate="2015-07-18T15:10:01.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis you should use your body to create power and spin. If you use your wrist as a main driver for your swing you could be more prone to wrist injuries. I know my share of people with wrist injuries due to having poor form. You should avoid using your wrist as much as possible. Try to rotate your torso and hip to get more power. Put your whole upper body into the shot. Your legs have a purpose too. Bend your knees. You need to use your entire kinetic chain, not just the arms. I recommend taking private lessons with a good pro if you can afford. There are also lots of videos on YouTube that show you how to hit with good technique. There is a lot of discussion on the use of the wrist in tennis. I am not a pro, and I am old, so I tend to play on the safe side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fuzzyyellowballs.com/video-tennis-lessons/forehand/advanced-forehand-technique/wrist-contact/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fuzzyyellowballs.com/video-tennis-lessons/forehand/advanced-forehand-technique/wrist-contact/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Health-Fitness/Injuries-Prevention-and-Recovery/Wrist_Injuries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Health-Fitness/Injuries-Prevention-and-Recovery/Wrist_Injuries/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T14:39:20.897" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T14:39:20.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10704" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10705" CreationDate="2015-07-18T15:50:27.260" Score="5" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, the British Open is in the midst of a Wind Delay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is wind a reason enough to cause a delay at any golf course?  Wind is not a dangerous condition like lightning.  Heavy rain, I could even see being a reason to cause a delay because it hinders sight, and could be considered a health hazard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wind however only affects the flight of the ball, and would do so for everyone on the course at the same time.  Being able to watch the pros handle the wind would be a benefit for everyone watching.  And if gallery hazard is the concern, then they should be removed from the course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T19:26:06.397" Title="Wind delay at the British Open" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10704" CreationDate="2015-07-18T19:20:18.903" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only reason wind typically causes a delay in a golf tournament is because the ball cannot sit still on the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional tournament greens are so fast, once the wind gets over about 25 MPH, the wind can actually cause the ball to move.  From a rules standpoint, the problem is if the ball is moved by the wind, it must be played as it lies. In Hawaii two years ago where they encountered similar winds, players with 8 foot putts were having them blown 40 feet off the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You just can't play golf when the ball won't sit still on the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, rain is not generally a reason to cancel or delay golf either, unless accompanied by lightning.  However, where heavy rain does cause a delay is when the course becomes so saturated it begins overwhelming the drainage, water begins accumulating and there's no place one can find to play that isn't inundated by casual water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8878" LastEditorUserId="8878" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T19:26:06.397" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T19:26:06.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-07-20T00:59:05.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the goal should be disallowed. It also makes no difference as to whether the ball has hit the ground (ie. for a dropkick rather than a punt).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The restart of play is an indirect free kick for playing in a dangerous manner, awarded to the goalkeeper's team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant information from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, pages 122 - 123:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while the ball is between his hands or between his hand and any surface&#xA;  (e.g. ground, own body)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while holding the ball in his outstretched open hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while in the act of bouncing it on the ground or tossing it into the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a goalkeeper has gained possession of the ball with his hands, he cannot be challenged by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must be penalised for playing in a dangerous manner if he kicks or&#xA;  attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing&#xA;  it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and on page 38:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of the referee, a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T00:59:05.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10702" CreationDate="2015-07-20T08:29:33.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; true the wrist needs to be locked during groundstrokes. Active usage of the wrist is probably the greatest technical advancement in the game in the last 30 years. You can convince yourself of this by examining the technique of all great players in the past 20 years. Here's an extraordinarily instructive and beautiful super slo-mo video of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-bx3vv4ucs&quot;&gt;Federer's forehand&lt;/a&gt;, which is arguably the greatest shot of all time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is true that wrist-flicks are dangerous without good technique, and that the latter should precede the former, but I must emphasize the great significance of wrist usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on your budget, you can either take lessons, or study videos of professionals' techniques and try to apply what you learn on court. If you are a beginner, the most important thing is to acquire is good form. Try to always hit with slightly bent knees and a stable upper body, slightly leaning forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way to unlearn &quot;bad&quot; wrist-flicking is not to compromise your form. Usually, beginners try to compensate for poor stance by forcing the racquet with wrist. Avoid this, and use your wrist only to naturally enhance your strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T08:29:33.603" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4881" CreationDate="2015-07-21T16:17:28.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is especially useful when more than two teams are exactly tied, for example :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 2-1 B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C 1-1 D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 2-3 C&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B 2-2 D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 0-0 D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B 1-0 C&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A : 4 points, avg. 0, 4 scored, 4 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B : 4 points, avg. 0, 4 scored, 4 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C : 4 points, avg. 0, 4 scored, 4 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;D : 3 points, avg. 0, 3 scored, 3 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We take then the games between teams A, B and C, and we do the rankings without team D's games :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A : 3 points, avg. 0, 4 scored, 4 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B : 3 points, avg. 0, 2 scored, 2 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C : 3 points, avg. 0, 3 scored, 3 against&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, tied after d), e), but not after f) : A is #1 and C is #2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T16:17:28.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10715" CreationDate="2015-07-21T22:07:26.953" Score="4" ViewCount="751" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am seeing online that there are a lot of people who state Aroldis Chapman is the hardest throwing pitcher, and I am also seeing a lot of people who state that Nolan Ryan holds that record. Both with some staggering numbers, which is true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9725" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T10:00:08.267" Title="What is the fastest pitch ever recorded in MLB?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-07-21T22:52:36.697" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all depends on how you measure stuff. It's generally accepted that MLB's current tracking system (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITCHf/x&quot;&gt;PITCHf/x&lt;/a&gt;) is the most accurate system available, and Chapman holds the record for a PITCHf/x measured pitch with his &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3wJ-HgsnCg&quot;&gt;105 mph pitch&lt;/a&gt; on 2010-09-24 for the Reds vs the Padres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Various people have attempted to translate older measurements into the same standards as used by PITCHf/x, notably the fact that PITCHf/x measures the speed of the pitch 50 feet from home plate. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.efastball.com/baseball/stats/fastest-pitch-speed-in-major-leagues/&quot;&gt;eFastball&lt;/a&gt; estimate that Ryan's pitch on 1974-20-08, which was measured at 100.9 mph at a point 10 feet from home plate would have been travelling at 108.1 mph at the PITCHf/x measurement point of 50 feet from home plate, and thus is faster than Chapman's pitch. But this is an estimate, not a measurement so should be taken with a (small) grain of salt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T22:52:36.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10717" CreationDate="2015-07-22T02:52:04.470" Score="5" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal for a player to bet on himself or on his team to win? to lose? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, could a player from Chelsea FC bet that his team will win the Champions League next year? Or could Cristiano Ronaldo bet that he will be the top scorer of La Liga next season? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not soccer specific, I am asking in general, is it legal for an athlete to bet on him or herself at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any precedent for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9477" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T14:29:36.917" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T14:29:36.917" Title="Is betting on oneself to win or lose legal?" Tags="|football|international-sports|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10716" CreationDate="2015-07-22T07:42:45.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the UK&lt;/em&gt;, this is not illegal (i.e. you wouldn't face criminal charges for doing so), but it is against the rules of just about every sporting governing body to do so - any player or official of a club who does so risks hefty fines and/or bans. See for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/premiership/11699562/Former-Leicester-Tigers-defence-coach-Phil-Blake-banned-for-placing-eight-separate-bets-on-his-own-team.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Former Leicester Tigers defence coach Phil Blake banned for placing eight separate bets on his own team&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1168278/Betting-scandal-Five-players-charged-wagers-League-Two-clash.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Betting scandal: Five players charged - four of them wagered on their own team to lose&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I make no comment about other countries because I don't know the situation there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T07:42:45.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10716" CreationDate="2015-07-22T11:39:15.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/82/codeofethics_v211015_e_neutral.pdf#page=23&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Code of Ethics&lt;/a&gt;, players, coaches and all people involved on football is forbidden to place bets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Integrity of matches and competitions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   Persons bound by this Code shall be forbidden from taking part in, either directly or&#xA;  indirectly, or otherwise being associated with, betting, gambling,&#xA;  lotteries and similar events or transactions connected with football&#xA;  matches. They are forbidden from having stakes, either actively or&#xA;  passively, in companies, concerns, organisations, etc. that promote,&#xA;  broker, arrange or conduct such events or transactions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA Code of Ethics covers Chelsea and Real Madrid players as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English PFA (Professional Football Association) is very clear in its &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thepfa.com/players/betting/dont-bet-on-it&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Put simply the main message for players is: 'You are not allowed to place ANY bet on ANY football, ANYWHERE.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T14:28:32.307" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T14:28:32.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10724" CreationDate="2015-07-22T16:39:57.137" Score="9" ViewCount="54076" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a lot of confusion surrounding this topic, both from media and from fans. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 2014 World Cup, Gonzalo Higuain was hit pretty hard by Manuel Neuer (with his knee), but no foul was given because Neuer touched the ball first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ED4S6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ED4S6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Higuain foul&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, just as an example, in this last Copa America, Jorge Fucile was given a second yellow after hitting Alexis Sanchez, despite getting to the ball first. Most commentators seemed to agree this was a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/trfYJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/trfYJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some of the video replays of the aftermath of this foul you can actually hear Fucile's teammates scolding the referee for the call because Fucile &quot;got the ball!!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qdDWZ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qdDWZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a lot of cases like this. What does the rulebook say about these fouls?  Were these two calls good?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9477" LastEditorUserId="9477" LastEditDate="2015-07-23T01:11:19.680" LastActivityDate="2022-01-15T00:11:34.110" Title="In Soccer, can it be a foul even if the player gets to the ball first?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2937" CreationDate="2015-07-22T19:03:05.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I do is I make sure my peddling motion is one fluid motion and I avoid stomping my foot or heel on the ground to reduce shock. You can take ibuprofen, ice your ankles, elevate your ankles and also wear high top footwear with cushioning, this will give your ankles added support and make pushing and balancing less strenuous on your tendons and heels&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9727" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T19:03:05.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10702" CreationDate="2015-07-22T19:52:39.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As previously said, tight wrist is not common in pro-tennis. Beginners use it because its easier to get the ball-timing with it!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;See, the timing of the ball to consider is in the point of contact with the string bed. Beginners don't instinctively knows where the sweet-spot of the string bed is at a given point in time, but they know where their wrist is! so if they &quot;lock&quot; the wrist, the brain projects/calculates the spot more easily!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pros on the other hand gain great benefit from the &quot;snap&quot; of the wrist both for power/depth and for spin!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9463" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T19:52:39.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-22T23:07:09.720" Score="6" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not American and this is something I do not understand about sports here in the US, so please bear with me. I know in the US, professional sports teams can't be &quot;relegated&quot; to a &quot;second Division,&quot; and instead get an earlier pick during the college draft if they perform worse. This makes sense - it allows teams with poor performance to pick themselves up by getting better reinforcements. However, this means potentially worse teams will get the best college players. It seems, then, that being an earlier &quot;pick&quot; in the draft is potentially a bad thing for a college athlete, since they will get picked up by a worse team (If I were a college soccer player, for example, I'd prefer to be picked up by Real Madrid than by Betis, theoretically).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems like it doesn't make sense - it seems like it would discourage athletic performance in college since players should prefer to be picked up by the teams that are winning championships and not the ones that are struggling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how does it work? Where do the earlier picks in the draft end up, usually? Do the &quot;worse&quot; teams pick up the best players and them trade them instantly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9477" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T08:18:55.003" Title="How do College Drafts work?" Tags="|collegiate|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10719" CreationDate="2015-07-23T00:16:04.267" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: Yes. Getting the ball first has no relation (in the rules) to whether it's a foul or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Law of the Game there is actually no mention about getting to the ball first when in reference to a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12, regarding Fouls and Misconduct, can be found starting on Page 36 of the document linked below. I won't recap the full text of it (it's about 4 pages long), but the highlights are basically that a foul (in the run of play) consists of any of the following, if the referee considers it to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking, attempting to kick, tripping, attempting to trip, pushing, tackling, jumping at, charges, striking, attempting to strike, holding, or spitting at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handling the ball deliberately&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interfering with a goalkeeper releasing the ball from his hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unsporting behavior (yellow card)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've left out fouls that are not in relation to the run of play, but you can see the whole list on the document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, none of the fouls have anything to do with the ball. Many fans will claim that if a player gets the ball they can do no wrong, but that is not part of the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to the first example you cited, the reason behind why the foul was not given was not because Neuer got to the ball first. Rather, it was likely because the referee did not think a foul had been committed (in fact, I think he called a foul against Higuain). There is an argument to be made that Neuer's jump towards the ball was reckless, but both players had eyes on the ballso if that was reckless, then Higuain running into the goalkeeper could also be deemed reckless. Goalkeepers do tend to be protected a bit because they are often in vulnerable positions - jumping up high to get to the ball with their hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Fucile-Sanchez foul, that was called a foul because the referee deemed it a reckless challenge. It's hard to see on the replays I've seen, but it looks like Fucile comes in and lifts his trailing leg up, thus catching Sanchez's feet between his two legs. This can be very dangerous for the player's ankles. That's my guess as to why the card was given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer to whether these calls were &quot;good&quot; or not will likely be different depending on which team you're rooting for! Being impartial, I think the second call is a very good one. The first I think would be a good no-call (though, as I said, I think a foul was called against Neuer, which I would disagree with).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/log2013en_neutral.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2015-07-23T00:57:06.003" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T00:57:06.003" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10719" CreationDate="2015-07-23T00:47:54.717" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Getting the ball first has minimal relevance as to whether a foul has occurred. There is no reference to making contact with the ball in the section relating to Fouls and Misconduct in the Laws of the Game, but it may be considered by the referee in deciding whether contact was careless, reckless or excessively forceful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are six offences in which contact is made with an opponent that cause a direct free kick to be awarded: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;trips an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;charges an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strikes an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pushes an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;holds an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are five offences in which contact may or may not be made with an opponent that cause a direct free kick to be awarded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;attempts to kick an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;attempts to trip an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;jumps at an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;attempts to strike an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tackles an opponent carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two offences in which contact is not made with an opponent that cause an indirect free kick to be awarded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;impedes the progress of an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full text of these offences is found on pages 37-38 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/2016 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, which is too long to quote in full here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen, contact does not necessarily mean there is a foul - for some offences it must be either careless, reckless or excessively forceful. These are defined on page 119 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/2016 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Careless&quot; means that the player has shown a lack of attention or&#xA;  consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;No further disciplinary sanction is needed if a foul is judged to be careless&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Reckless&quot; means that the player has acted with complete disregard to the&#xA;  danger to, or consequences for, his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who plays in a reckless manner must be cautioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Using excessive force&quot; means that the player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who uses excessive force must be sent off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a lot of challenges, contact is made with an opponent both before and after the ball is won. Whether it rises to the level of careless (or worse) usually depends on a number of things (and can depend on how/when the ball was won) - eg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;was the tackle inherently unsafe? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;was the contact reasonably unavoidable as part of the challenge? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;was the challenge made to win the ball or did it just have the effect of holding up the player? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are some of the questions the referee decides answers to in an instant as part of their foul recognition process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Neuer / Higuain incident, the referee decided that the collision after the challenge was caused by Higuain, awarding a direct free kick to Germany. I tend to disagree here, as the majority of the force in this challenge was caused by Neuer, due to the pace he was moving at and due to his knee being raised high. Higuain had a right to be where he was on the field without being cleaned up. The collision was unavoidable as part of the challenge, but the challenge was made with complete disregard for the consequences of the opponent. There was no way to make a safe challenge here at that pace. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe Neuer should have been cautioned and a penalty kick should have been awarded to Argentina. As you see on the following links, &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/28603/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/28605/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/28600/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; a number of experienced match officials tend to agree with my view that the referee made an incorrect decision here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Fucile / Sanchez incident, the referee decided that in spite of winning the ball, Fucile acted with complete disregard for his opponent and that the challenge was reckless and hence cautionable. I tend to agree with the referee here - the challenge is fast and catches a large amount of Sanchez with a decent amount of force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T00:47:54.717" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-07-23T07:58:54.790" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're pretty much there, but the one significant difference between US sports and European sports (especially &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosman_ruling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;post-Bosman&lt;/a&gt;) is that professional American sports players generally do not have freedom of movement, at least until they've acquired a significant amount of professional experience. This means that the worse teams can happily draft the best players and hang onto them for typically at least three years, no matter what the player wants&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, and, in theory anyway, build a competitive team around those draft picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the player wants to play that professional sport, anyway. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8772/can-a-collegiate-player-reject-a-draft-pick&quot;&gt;Can a collegiate player reject a draft pick?&lt;/a&gt; for details.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T07:58:54.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10726" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-23T08:03:15.293" Score="4" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many, and who, of the 198 riders to start the Tour de France in 2015 have a &lt;em&gt;proven&lt;/em&gt; history of doping? I.e. they have been charged and found guilty by WADA/UCI at some point in the past, or have confessed, or been proven to have doped (but time has expired in which charges can be brought etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T19:08:53.823" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T19:08:53.823" Title="Which riders in the 2015 Tour de France have proven doping history?" Tags="|history|cycling|tour-de-france|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10726" CreationDate="2015-07-23T08:09:41.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of the starters (On the right side of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.steephill.tv/tour-de-france/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;). The following have proven history of doping:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Contador#Doping&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alberto Contador&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryder_Hesjedal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ryder Hesjedal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Basso&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ivan Basso&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Valverde&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alejandro Valverde&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Scarponi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michele Scarponi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Pozzato&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Filippo Pozzato&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rui_Costa_(cyclist)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rui Costa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damiano_Caruso&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Damiano Caruso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniele_Bennati&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniele Bennati&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giampaolo_Caruso&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Giampaolo Caruso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Dutch public broadcasting station NOS stated on &lt;a href=&quot;http://nos.nl/tour/artikel/2044912-negen-dopingzondaars-in-de-tour.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;their website (in Dutch)&lt;/a&gt; a list of nine riders who used doping in their past. In their list they do not mention Ryder Hesjedal who confessed to have used doping, as he has never faced charges nor did he get a ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryl_Impey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daryl Impey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/del&gt; (cleared of the doping charges)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastEditorUserId="1915" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T10:19:36.467" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T10:19:36.467" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-07-23T08:09:41.653" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-07-23T10:00:08.267" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that Aroldis broke his own record a few weeks ago (Check that up &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/statcast/leaderboard#pitch-velo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Fastets pitches&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth it that Aroldis Chapman is by far the pitcher with most 100+ ptiches in 2015 and since 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/BtBScore/status/622807554809163776&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/BtBScore/status/622807554809163776&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9729" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T10:00:08.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1229" CreationDate="2015-07-23T10:09:06.783" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No you are not allowed your stomach to touch the table espically when serving. Your free hand is allowed to touch the table but through out the play you are not allowed to touch the table with any body part. But you can lean on the table if you are trying to hit the table tennis ball in play but not when you are serving. &#xA;See AU table tennis rules for more information why you are not allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9730" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T10:09:06.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10734" CreationDate="2015-07-23T14:43:11.607" Score="1" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering about some of the stats that you regularly see in baseball, and what criteria must be met to achieve such a stat, primarily with the relief and closing pitchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that a starting pitcher must go at least 5 innings and leave with his team up at the end of the inning to be considered for the win, however after that I do not quite understand the stats for the pitchers to follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my best knowledge I believe that if the game ever gets tied up again or the winning team drops below the other team's score once the starter is out, they will receive a no decision for their performance, and if the team comes back and retakes the lead, then the pitcher for that inning will be eligible for the win (not sure if there is an innings pitched requirement), while the loss will be awarded to the pitcher that last gives up the lead (regardless of the amount of innings pitched).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stats that I am wondering about include, saves, holds, and innings pitched requirements for the win in the event that a game gets tied up after the starter leaves. As far as the saves and holds, what are the differences? Is there any requirement for a relief/closing pitcher to get the win once the starter is no longer eligible for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9725" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T22:05:50.947" Title="Relief/Closing pitcher statistics" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10732" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-23T20:32:19.893" Score="3" ViewCount="1536" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that is possible to get 1 point in an NCAA football game. Can someone explain how that is possible? I believe it is called the &lt;strong&gt;&quot;One Point Safety&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9733" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T17:00:17.193" Title="NCAA Football 1 Point" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-07-26T13:03:39.090" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10732" CreationDate="2015-07-23T21:52:30.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You score one point for an extra point try that results in a safety (for either team).  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/5973048/only-two-one-point-safeties-have-ever-happened-in-ncaa-football-history-and-brad-nessler-called-them-both&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the most recent example of this (the 2013 Fiesta bowl), the one point was actually scored by the team which had just scored a touchdown (so it didn't look particularly odd on the score board).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR12.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, section 8-1-1 and 8-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8-1-1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Scoring Plays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. The point value of scoring plays shall be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Touchdown — 6 Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Field Goal — 3 Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Safety (points awarded to opponent) — 2 Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Successful Try:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Touchdown — 2 Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Field Goal or Safety — 1 Point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8-1-3 is below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 3. Try Down&#xA;  How Scored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. The point or points shall be scored according to the point&#xA;    values in Rule 8-1-1 if the try results in what would be a touchdown, safety &#xA;    FR-78 Rule 8 / Scoring&#xA;    (Exception: Rule 8-3-4-a) or field goal under rules governing play at other&#xA;    times (A.R. 8-3-1-I-II; A.R. 8-3-2-I-III and VI; and A.R. 10-2-5-X-XV).&#xA;    Opportunity to Score&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. A try is an opportunity for either team to score one or two points&#xA;    while the game clock is stopped after a touchdown. It is a special interval in the&#xA;    game which, for purposes of penalty enforcement only, includes both a down&#xA;    and the “ready’’ period that precedes it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;a. The ball shall be put in play by the team that scored a six-point touchdown.&#xA;      If a touchdown is scored during a down in which time in the fourth period&#xA;      expires, the try shall not be attempted unless the point(s) would affect the&#xA;      outcome of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;b. The try, which is a scrimmage down, begins when the ball is declared ready&#xA;      for play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;c. The snap will be midway between the hash marks on the opponent’s threeyard&#xA;      line or from any other point on or between the hash marks on or behind&#xA;      the opponent’s three-yard line if the position of the ball is selected by the&#xA;      team designated to put the ball in play before the ready-for-play signal. The&#xA;      ball may be relocated after a charged timeout to either team unless preceded&#xA;      by a Team A foul or offsetting fouls (Rules 8-3-3-a and 8-3-3-c-1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;d. The try ends when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;        &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;        &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Either team scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;        &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball is dead by rule (A.R. 8-3-2-IV and VI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;        &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An accepted penalty results in a score.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;        &lt;li&gt;A Team A loss-of-down penalty is accepted (Rule 8-3-3-c-2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;        &lt;li&gt;Before a change of team possession, a Team A player fumbles and the&#xA;        ball is caught or recovered by any Team A player other than the fumbler.&#xA;        There is no Team A score (A.R. 8-3-2-VIII).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;      &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T17:00:17.193" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T17:00:17.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10730" CreationDate="2015-07-23T22:05:50.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A save cannot 'change' as it is defined as finishing the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A hold does not change, either; if reliever A pitches a clean 8th inning, before and after his team leading 4-2, and then reliever B comes in and serves up a grand slam, reliever A still receives credit for a hold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as wins, the winning pitcher is defined as the pitcher who was the pitcher of record when the winning team took the lead for the last time, subject to the restriction that the starter must have completed 5 innings to be able to be credited; and subject to the restriction that a reliever must be deemed &quot;effective&quot; (usually, 1 IP or &amp;lt; 2 ER given up).  It's to some extent up to the scorer if several relievers pitch and are effective early in the game (if the starter gets hurt after 1 inning or something and a bunch of relievers each pitch one inning, the scorer has a bit of leeway as to who gets the win, though it would be unusual not to give it to the pitcher of record when the last lead was taken in my experience).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read the MLB &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_scorer_10.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Official Rules: Scorer&lt;/a&gt; for more details on the specifics.  Holds aren't an official stat at that level, but the rules for holds are generally the same as for a save (except that the pitcher must not have been the last pitcher in the game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T22:05:50.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-25T06:37:46.933" Score="-3" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know if is there any difference between a racing car driver and a formula one driver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a look at the 2 images I have attached, both from Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against the name of Massa there is formula 1 driver is written whereas racing driver is shown against Jules Bianchi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this was my doubt as if there is any difference between formula one driver or racing driver?&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TYeiH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TYeiH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F8grW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F8grW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-07-27T07:21:54.557" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T11:57:45.317" Title="Is there any difference between racing driver and formula 1 driver?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2015-07-27T20:27:42.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-25T07:29:36.190" Score="1" ViewCount="24592" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for the penalty to be played by two players as a passed ball? Means the first player can pass the ball to the second player who will kick the ball in the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9740" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-07-25T08:27:18.817" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T08:27:18.817" Title="Can a penalty kick be passed to a second player?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-07-27T06:50:42.187" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10737" CreationDate="2015-07-25T08:26:57.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is allowed. However, the procedure on pages 45 - 48 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; must be adhered to. The main points are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All players other than the first kicker and goalkeeper must remain outside the penalty area and penalty arc and behind the ball until the ball is kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper must have part of each foot on or above the goal line until the ball is kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball must be kicked forwards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first kicker must be identified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If both teams infringe the above conditions, or only the defending team infringes, a retake will occur as soon as the second kicker touches the ball (ie. when the penalty kick is over).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If only the attacking team infringes, the defending team will be awarded an indirect free kick from position of whichever infringement was closest to the attacking team's goal as soon as the second kicker touches the ball (ie. when the penalty kick is over).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T08:26:57.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7478" CreationDate="2015-07-26T21:30:04.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are statistics on yards after (first) contact for runners and yards after catch for passers and receivers, but I do not know of any stats for yards after contact for the latter. Searching with Google leads to organizations that compile advanced statistics, but a first look does not show the stat you are looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9744" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T21:30:04.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10743" CreationDate="2015-07-27T05:56:01.147" Score="3" ViewCount="2956" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which was the longest winning streak in Olympics in the same specialty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T04:44:42.213" Title="The longest Olympic winning streak?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10742" CreationDate="2015-07-27T08:08:21.047" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;For individual events, the longest streak is 4 Olympics. This was first done by athlete &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Oerter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Al Oerter&lt;/a&gt; (US) in the discus (1956, 1960, 1964, 1968). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This feat was equalled by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Lewis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carl Lewis&lt;/a&gt; (also US) in the long jump (1984, 1988, 1992, 1996), then by swimmer Michael Phelps in the 200m individual medley (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you consider team events, the longest streak stretches to 6 consecutive Olympics, by Hungarian fencer Aladár Gerevich in the Team sabre event (1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960). The games weren't held in 1940 and 1944 due to World War II, hence the gap. Gerevich was 50 years old by 1960. This streak is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-olympic-gold-medals-won-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recognized by Guinness World Records&lt;/a&gt; as being the longest ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An honourable mention also goes to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Kov%C3%A1cs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pál Kovács&lt;/a&gt;, who was a teammate of Gerevich, missing out only in the 1932 Olympics, and also collecting 5 consecutive gold medals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer was based on this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_Olympic_gold_medalists_in_one_event&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; list. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T14:55:47.120" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:55:47.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10736" CreationDate="2015-07-27T11:57:45.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those details from google are literally a collection of information that it pulls from various websites in which a user adds the information to describe them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Angelo is a gun-owner. The gun he owns is a .238 Summerfield Winchester. One site might put him as a &quot;Gun-owner&quot;. This is equivalent of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;racing driver&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. The other one might put him as a &quot;.238 Summerfield Winchester&quot; owner. This is the equivalent of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Formula 1 driver&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9733" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T11:57:45.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10620" CreationDate="2015-07-27T17:06:07.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &quot;The national sport of Germany is football&quot; at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal experience visiting my inlaws in a village in northern Germany with my two boys is that in addition, soccer is a big deal in everyday life, in addition to the pro teams, the World Cup, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T17:06:07.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-27T17:25:30.673" Score="4" ViewCount="758" Body="&lt;p&gt;My twelve-year-old recently tried downhill mountain biking when we were in Lake Placid.  He found it thrilling and would like to continue with this new sport now that we are back home.  I am hesitant for him to practice this sport on a regular basis because of safety concerns.  We allow&#xA;- basketball (with mouth guard)&#xA;- soccer (with shin guards -- by the way, should he use the mouth guard as well when he is playing goalie?)&#xA;- swimming&#xA;- tennis&#xA;- cross country skiing&#xA;- ice skating for fun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not allow games with a stick -- ice hockey, lacrosse.  And we do not allow American football or downhill skiing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to be reasonably consistent with our existing policy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does downhill mountain bike riding (on an established track at a reputable ski center) fit, on the scale of things?  He has asked for a full-face helmet and elbow and knee pads, because that's what he was given to use as part of the fee at Lake Placid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clarification: I'd like to avoid fractures, of course, but I'd mainly like to avoid really serious injuries and things that might leave him with longlasting health problems such as a knee or back that is never the same again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not worried about scratches or bruises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastEditorUserId="9750" LastEditDate="2015-07-29T17:34:53.700" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T21:14:52.113" Title="Safety comparison, downhill mountain bike vs. downhill ski" Tags="|injuries|cycling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10749" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10751" CreationDate="2015-07-28T07:50:52.190" Score="9" ViewCount="7109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Asking this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10742/the-longest-olympic-winning-streak/10743#10743&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; I was thinking about the longest gold medal streak for a nation in a speciality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it mean both summer and winter Olympic games and also for team or individual speciality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For individual is allowed also if an athlete from a Country wins the gold medal following another athlete coming from the same Country&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2021-08-09T11:28:41.543" Title="The longest Olympic winning streak for a nation" Tags="|trivia|olympics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10749" CreationDate="2015-07-28T09:36:33.803" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe there is more somewhere, but any nation will have done very well to beat the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/sports/ATH/mens-3000-metres-steeplechase.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kenyan streak&lt;/a&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeplechase_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3000m Men's Steeplechase&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last non-Kenyan to win the race was the Pole Bronisław Malinowski in 1980. Since then 8 different Kenyans have won 9 gold medals in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/2016/8/17/12515362/olympics-2016-results-3000m-steeplechase-mens-gold-medal-conseslus-kipruto-evan-jager&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Conseslus Kipruto&lt;/a&gt; (new Olympic record)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2012 Ezekiel Kemboi &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2008 Brimin Kipruto &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2004 Ezekiel Kemboi &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2000   Reuben Kosgei &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1996 Joseph Keter &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1992 Matthew Birir&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1988 Julius   Kariuki &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1984 Julius Korir&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, Kenya didn't appear in the 1980 Moscow Olympics, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;due to the US-led boycott&lt;/a&gt;, and also didn't appear in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, due to &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/17/newsid_3555000/3555450.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;African disquiet about the partially ineffective boycott&lt;/a&gt; of Apartheid-era South Africa. They had previously won the 1968 and 1972 Steeplechase races too. So not since 1964 have a Kenyan team appeared at the Olympics and failed to take home the Gold medal for Steeplechase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T19:22:18.277" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T19:22:18.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10749" CreationDate="2015-07-28T10:30:56.910" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/tags/community-wiki/info&quot;&gt;community wiki answer&lt;/a&gt;. Feel free to update post, if needed, or add more streaks, especially if they are longer than the ones already listed. (Ideally with some reference.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaks of at least 10 gold medals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A USA athlete won the gold medal in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_vault_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's pole vault&lt;/a&gt; in the first &lt;strong&gt;16 Summer Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak#Athletics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soviet/Russian competitors won &lt;strong&gt;12 consecutive gold medals&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_figure_skating#Pairs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;figure skating - pairs&lt;/a&gt; at Winter Olympics from 1964 to 2006. This record is listed in Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#Figure_skating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A USA athlete won the gold medal in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_diving#3_metre_springboard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3m springboard&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;11 consecutive Summer Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 1920 to 1950. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#Aquatic_Sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;USA team won &lt;strong&gt;10 consecutive Olympic golds&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_swimming_(men)#4_.C3.97_100_metres_medley_relay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4x100m medley relay&lt;/a&gt; from 1984 to 2020. USA won this discipline on all Olympic Games where this discipline featured, with the exception of the boycott of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980 Moscow Olympics&lt;/a&gt;. If we exclude the boycotted games, this would be &lt;strong&gt;14 consecutive gold medals&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., all Olympic Games where this discipline featured). This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#4.C3.97100m_Medley_Relay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Kenyan athlete won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeplechase_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3000 m Steeplechase&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;9 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 1984 to 2016. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#3000m_Steeplechase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;. The streak ended in 2020, when Soufiane El Bakkali from Morocco won this discipline. However, if we do not count the 1976 and 1980 Olympic Games - where Kenya did not participate - we get to total of &lt;strong&gt;11 gold medals&lt;/strong&gt;. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10749/the-longest-olympic-winning-for-a-nation/10751#10751&quot;&gt;Fillet's answer&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ongoing streaks of at least 6 gold medals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Chinese competitor won the women's singles competition in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Summer_Olympics#Women.27s_singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;table tennis&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;9 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 1988 to 2020. This means that a Chinese competitor has won this discipline each time it has featured in the Olympics so far. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#Table_Tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Chinese competitor won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_diving#3_metre_springboard_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's 3m springboard&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;9 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 1988 to 2020.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Korean team won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_archery#Women.27s_events&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's archery team competition&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;9 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 1988 to 2020. That is, they won gold at all Olympics where this discipline was part of the program. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#Archery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;USA team won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%C3%97400_metres_relay_at_the_Olympics#Women&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's 4x400m relay&lt;/a&gt; at  &lt;strong&gt;7 consecutive Olympics&lt;/strong&gt; from 1996 to 2020. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#4x400m_Relay_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;USA team won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Summer_Olympics#Women.27s_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's basketball tournament&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;7 consecutive Olympics&lt;/strong&gt; from 1996 to 2020. This streak is also listed in the Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_streak_(sports)#Basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning streaks&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A German competitor won gold medal in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_luge#Women%27s_singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's singles luge&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;6 consecutive Winter Olympics&lt;/strong&gt; from 1998 to 2018.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;China won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_diving#Synchronized_10_metre_platform_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;synchronized 10 metre platform&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;6 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 2000 to 2020 - each time when this event was featured.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A competitor from Great Britain won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_sailing_by_discipline#One-person_heavyweight_dinghy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one-person heavyweight dinghy&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;6 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 2000 to 2020.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russia won both duet and team in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_synchronized_swimming&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;synchronized swimming&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;strong&gt;6 consecutive Olympic Games&lt;/strong&gt; from 2000 to 2020.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-09T11:28:41.543" LastActivityDate="2021-08-09T11:28:41.543" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-07-28T10:30:56.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-28T15:52:25.803" Score="4" ViewCount="1161" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I remember, even since the 90s, mostly European teams were racing in F1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any specific reason? Or is it just that Americans do not care about F1 because they have IndyCar, drag races and so forth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe it is financial reasons, but what about technical reasons? Is it too complex to build a new car from scratch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9754" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T17:25:24.237" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:43:10.923" Title="Why is there no American team in Formula One?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10753" CreationDate="2015-07-28T15:57:47.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think (but I am not sure) that it is for historic reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;America has a long history with Indy Racing League, Champ Car, Nascar, drag races, and so on, so most American people follow these races instead of Formula One.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is probably a choice taken after a cost-benefit analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 2010 there was an unlucky US team that tried this adventure: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_F1_Team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US F1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T21:43:10.923" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:43:10.923" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10755" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10760" CreationDate="2015-07-28T18:50:53.080" Score="3" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a term or a recorded statistic for when a baseball pitcher is&#xA;  responsible for winning the game both defensively and offensively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e...&#xA;1. The pitcher batted and had an RBI/Run, which was either the only run scored or the winning/last run scored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They pitched well enough to keep the opposing team's score lower than their own (producing a win)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9755" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-03T13:17:26.550" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T22:37:27.927" Title="Term or Stat for when a baseball pitcher is responsible for the team's win, both offensively and defensively?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10755" CreationDate="2015-07-28T20:00:32.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Player of the Game&quot; (joking). There is no &lt;strong&gt;ACTUAL&lt;/strong&gt; stat for what you are asking, it is just a great game played by the pitcher. The pitcher can get offensive stats for &quot;walk offs&quot;, and they can get defensive stats such as a &quot;win&quot; towards their pitching stats. But there is not a stat that combines the pitcher's offensive and defensive performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9725" LastEditorUserId="9725" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T20:35:52.103" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T20:35:52.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10590" CreationDate="2015-07-28T22:27:33.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note there are many factors you would need to be aware of with mixed gas diving and isobaric counter-diffusion (IBCD) is just one of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the speed at which gasses dissolve into body tissues is a function of the gas' solubility and the difference of partial pressure between the inspired (i.e. breathed-in) gas and the dissolved gas already in the tissue according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_law&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Henry's law&lt;/a&gt;. Say you switching to air during the ascent from a deep dive breathing heliox (which contains helium and oxygen only). Before the switch, you dissolved plenty of helium but no nitrogen into your tissues during the dive. After the switch to air, the inspired air contains no helium but plenty of nitrogen, so the dissolved helium will start leaving your tissues (off-gassing) just as the nitrogen starts dissolving into your tissues (on-gassing), this is ICBD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, here's the issue with IBCD: the tendency of bubbles to form in the tissues is a function of the &lt;em&gt;sum&lt;/em&gt; of partial pressures in your tissues, so if you are on-gassing nitrogen from the air faster than you are off-gassing helium then although the individual gas partial pressures may not ordinarily be enough for bubble formation, the sum of the two pressures in your tissues may rise to a point where bubbles start to form that can produce symptoms of decompression illness. This is known as &quot;deep water bends&quot; or &quot;vestibular bends&quot; since the first symptoms of this typically occur in the vestibular canal, and can lead to life-threatening nausea, vomiting and loss of coordination underwater. Even if you survive this, in severe cases it can leave debilitating and irreversible injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IBCD is reduced by choosing gas mixes and switching depth carefully so as to minimise the difference in partial pressures when switching from trimix to air. Also, helium is much more soluble than nitrogen, so one should never switch from a high nitrogen mix like air to a high helium mix like trimix on ascent as the helium will rapidly on-gas much faster than the nitrogen will concurrently off-gas which greatly increases IBCD and its attendant risks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the examples you stated I personally would do the dive on air and would not bother with the added complication and expense of trimix, although 45m is quite deep by recreational standards so I would build up to it gradually in consultation with an instructor and probably do a decompression course to make it worthwhile otherwise you will have very little bottom time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9757" LastEditorUserId="9757" LastEditDate="2015-07-29T00:58:28.540" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T00:58:28.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10747" CreationDate="2015-07-29T09:31:20.737" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, I'm a Dutchman, we don't have hills ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a more serious note: I only ride a race bike, so this answer is based on my general knowledge of cycling (and cyclocross). I think this really has to do with the difficulty level of the courses he wants to ride. If he is going to ride downhill on a regular basis, he should get the proper training (from a trainer at a club) in which he should learn to get good control over his bike and maybe even a training on how to crash with limited damage. This obviously involves starting on easier tracks and subsequently learning to ride more difficult ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, when he will be doing this regularly, he will crash. That is part of the learning process. Most often, he will get some minor injuries such as scratches and bruises. Incidentally, this might even lead to a broken arm or collarbone or so, but I cannot properly estimate that risk. In the end, the crashes will be a lesson and toughen him up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When he will be riding an established track that has the required safety precautions and he will get the proper training from an experienced rider, the injuries should in general be limited. However, when not accompanied with the proper training and instructions, unrestrained enthusiasm and elation might cause him to pay a high tuition fee in the form of an unnecessary hard crash. This might lead to him getting fear of downhill and losing his interest in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One final remark, you might want him to start with cyclocross first. I know this sport is not that popular in the US, but it will teach him great steering skills and would provide an excellent basis before starting to ride downhill. Injuries tend to be less severe, since one is generally riding slower and there are less height differences. Furthermore, he might love passing the obstacles and riding through the mud. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T09:31:20.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10755" CreationDate="2015-07-29T15:22:37.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;WPA (Win Probability Added) does what you are looking for, although with some limitations. WPA takes the difference in win expectancy for each team for each play and assigns it to the pitcher (for the defense) and the batter (for the offense). Since both pitching and hitting components are measured, a pitcher's contributions both on the mound and at the plate can be considered. I'm not aware of any site that actually combines those two numbers, but it's easy enough to just add it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest offensive WPA contribution for a pitcher of 2015 was Steven Matz's game on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NYN/NYN201506280.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;June 28 against the Reds&lt;/a&gt; (according to Baseball Reference Play Index). He went 3-for-3 (2 singles and a double) driving in four, which added up to 41% WPA. He also pitched 7.2 innings giving up two runs, which accounts for another 12% WPA. So total, he contributed 53% WPA to the Mets that game. Not bad for a Major League debut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of things to keep in mind about WPA. On the defense side, all of the value is attributed to the pitcher. So if a fielder makes a great play, the pitcher gets all of the credit. Also, it's all about context, so closers tend to have really high WPA values because they come into games that could go either way (~50% win expectancy), and if they close out the victory (100% win expectancy), the WPA will be ~50%. In a blowout, it's difficult to gain (or lose) WPA because the outcome of the game is largely determined already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Fangraphs for a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/misc/wpa/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;good summary of WPA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T15:22:37.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10755" CreationDate="2015-07-30T02:30:06.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an expression for this - though as mentioned, no stat.  The expression that is most commonly used is (and this is definitely an artful expression rather than a statistical one)  is &quot;helping themselves&quot;.   Another common way this is referred to is &quot;doing it all&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are both normal phrases, and probably wouldn't be worth mentioning if not for the fact that their use is ubiquitous enough to give them some sort of standardization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally there is also something called &quot;the shut 'em out / home run club&quot; ( a highly exclusive club ) for pitchers who have homered while pitching a complete game shutout. Kershaw is the most recent. See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.truebluela.com/2013/4/2/4172718/clayton-kershaw-dodgers-home-run-shutout&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-13T22:37:27.927" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T22:37:27.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="708" CreationDate="2015-07-30T12:44:41.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this post is a couple of years old but a British company has just started making these &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.birdsports.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bird2&lt;/a&gt; shuttlecocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Played with them for the 1st time today and my initial reaction is that they seem very good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll update this answer if they prove to not be very durable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N.B. I am in not affiliated with Bird2 in any manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having now used this a fair bit they are really nice to play with and a lot more durable than feathers. However we managed to destroy 3 of them in a single session recently so they are definitely not as durable as standard plastic shuttlecocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9760" LastEditorUserId="9760" LastEditDate="2015-09-23T14:59:25.860" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T14:59:25.860" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10766" CreationDate="2015-07-30T14:36:44.500" Score="4" ViewCount="1387" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking at getting some shoes to start rock climbing, and I had a few questions about the shoes. I currently rent shoes, and use an indoor climbing wall, but I have a lot of friends that like to climb outdoors. Is there a difference in indoor vs outdoor climbing shoes, are there known hybrids if there are considerable differences? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also is there any rule of thumb for how a shoe should fit and any brands that are known to cause issues (fall apart) or fit different compared to their size?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9725" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T23:17:58.700" Title="Indoor/Outdoor Rock Climbing Shoes" Tags="|equipment|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-30T15:20:48.953" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a 13-year-old boy who would like to improve his basketball performance using strength training. I am 5' 5&quot; and 110 lbs. What are some exercises or workouts I can do safely to improve my biceps, triceps, quads, calves, or other muscles used in basketball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9761" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-07-31T13:47:41.790" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T13:10:09.440" Title="Adolescent basketball strength training" Tags="|basketball|training|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-01-01T17:25:25.650" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10764" CreationDate="2015-07-30T18:03:09.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;your first pair should be cheap and as comfortable as possible. Evolv makes some good shoes; several friends started with the Evolv defy. My first pair was the La Sportiva tarantulace. You won't need any specialized shoes until you get much better. Once you start climbing v6/7 or 5.13 or so you'll start to notice that your shoes aren't really keeping up with you, and by then you should know what you want. Go to REI or somewhere that sells climbing shoes, and get a snug (but not tight) and comfortable shoe. You don't want to spend more than $100 on this usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9763" LastActivityDate="2015-07-30T18:03:09.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1616" CreationDate="2015-07-31T03:12:38.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;O-Other&#xA;S-Side &#xA;C-Caught &#xA;I-It &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9765" LastActivityDate="2015-07-31T03:12:38.477" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2015-08-01T19:19:29.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Late reply, but I found a match with 7 goals in extra time:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_DFB-Pokal&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;DFB Pokal (German Cup)&lt;/a&gt;, 1974-10-26, between Viktoria Köln and TSG Usingen - from 0-0 to 6-1 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.weltfussball.de/spielbericht/dfb-pokal-1974-1975-2-runde-viktoria-koeln-tsg-usingen/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/1975/runde2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9770" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T02:17:05.970" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T02:17:05.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-08-02T12:09:59.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The drafts actually depend on the sport. I'll explain how the draft process works for Basketball, American Football and Baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basketball, there are 30 teams in the &quot;first division&quot; (the second division would be called the D-League, but as you mentioned, teams don't get relegated). Of those 30 teams, 16 make it to the playoffs. That leaves 14 teams that don't compete in the post season, and as a result, they go into a random draw that determines their order to draft a college player, known as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lottery pick&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. Basically, the worse the record the team had in the regular season, the better the chance it has to pick first. However, this does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; mean that the team with the worst record picks first. It simply means their percentage is higher. Once the order for the first 3 picks has been decided, the rest of the teams are ordered depending on their win-loss record from the previous season. One point to note, there are teams that have tendencies to lose on purpose (or so we think) to increase their chances of getting a first overall pick in the draft (this is known as &quot;tanking&quot;). However, regardless of the team a college player goes to, it is always an honor and best for them to shoot for a higher pick in the draft (even though they can go to a &quot;worse&quot; team in theory). They can subsequently get much higher contracts in that case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike basketball, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL's draft system&lt;/a&gt; is directly based on a team's win-loss record from the previous season. As a result, the worse the team's record, the higher the pick in the draft they have. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;draft&lt;/a&gt; is much like the NFL draft, in which the worst team gets to pick first in the draft. However, there is an additional point in which a team who has lost &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_agent&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;free agent&lt;/a&gt; (i.e a player who is eligible to sign with any club or franchise who isn't under any contract) can get &quot;compensatory&quot; picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3651" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T12:09:59.130" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10776" CreationDate="2015-08-02T16:18:56.470" Score="6" ViewCount="1588" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Soccer_All-Star_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLS All-Star&lt;/a&gt; vs. Tottenham match and noticed that there were substitutions made for more than 3 players during the game. Is this standard for exhibition games, All Star games etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:03:24.417" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:03:24.417" Title="Suspension of Substitution rule in football match" Tags="|rules|football|mls|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10773" CreationDate="2015-08-02T18:00:17.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of substitutions allowed during a friendly varies a lot,depending on the type of the friendly match.&#xA;For example during a official friendly match for international teams there is a max of 6 subs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match you are referring too was a preseason friendly, during those matches the two teams most of the times just agree on a number of substitutes allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9773" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T18:00:17.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10311" CreationDate="2015-08-03T00:37:58.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of a directly temporal relationship between ranking lists and Grand Slam tournaments &lt;a href=&quot;http://straightsets.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/22/a-primer-on-tournament-draws-and-seeding/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(though the one week prior to determine main draw seeding is always done).&lt;/a&gt; At Wimbledon, too, there's a different ranking set used: for the top-32 players as of a week before the tournament starting, you then add &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/06/wimbledon-seeds-andy-murray-roger-federer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;100% of the points accumulated at grass court tournaments played over the past calendar year, and then 75% of the best grass court result two years prior.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9774" LastEditorUserId="9774" LastEditDate="2015-08-04T13:57:44.073" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T13:57:44.073" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10773" CreationDate="2015-08-03T02:25:11.820" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In official competitions, three substitues may be used. Anywhere from three to twelve may be nominated, depending on the competition rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In international friendlies between two top (ie. not under 21s, under 17s, reserves, etc.) national teams, up to six substitutes may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other friendlies, any number may be used, but if the referee is not informed before the match, only six substitues may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In recreational and grassroots football, return substitutions are permitted, meaning there is no limit, and substituted players be be re-used as substitutes. What constitutes recreational / grassroots football is up to the national football association concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLS All-Star match falls into the category of &lt;em&gt;other friendlies&lt;/em&gt;, so the two teams would have come to an agreement on the number to be used before the match, and would have informed the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full text is on page 20 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Number of substitutions&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Official competitions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, the confederations or the member associations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of the competition must state how many substitutes may be&#xA;nominated, from three up to a maximum of twelve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Other matches&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In national “A” team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may be&#xA;used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided&#xA;that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee is informed before the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Return Substitutions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of return substitutions is only permitted in the lowest levels grassroots/recreational) of football, subject to the agreement of the member association concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T01:15:36.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10777" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10778" CreationDate="2015-08-03T09:28:33.050" Score="4" ViewCount="1364" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are specific languages official for every sports (i.e. soccer/cricketboxing) / sport events (olympics/world events/continental events)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the mostly used is English, but what about for example South American Games? And other international events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule in this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-08-03T09:53:23.443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T11:41:40.533" Title="Is English the official language for international sport events?" Tags="|olympics|tournaments|international-sports|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10777" CreationDate="2015-08-03T09:40:04.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no general rule. It depends on the sport and the event. For example, the official language of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusophony_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lusophony Games&lt;/a&gt; is (unsurprisingly!) Portuguese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T09:40:04.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10777" CreationDate="2015-08-03T11:33:54.077" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends of the event. For the Olympics, there are two official languages : English and French (which is by its reglementation the most important language of the Olympics). For FIFA, these languages are English, French, but also German and Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastEditorUserId="9337" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T11:41:40.533" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T11:41:40.533" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10781" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-04T07:27:12.143" Score="4" ViewCount="3363" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it ever happened that a swimmer was disqualified during a top-level competition (for example, the Olympics or World Championships) for a bad or incorrect stroke?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-04T11:59:18.847" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T18:11:43.157" Title="Has a swimmer ever been disqualified for an illegal stroke at a top-level championship?" Tags="|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10781" CreationDate="2015-08-04T08:49:46.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Overholt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Emily Overholt&lt;/a&gt; was disqualified from the 400m individual medley at the 2015 Pan American Games for an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/panamgames/2015/07/16/canadas-emily-overholt-disqualified-in-400im-swim-final.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;incorrect touch at the end of the breaststroke leg&lt;/a&gt;: both hands must touch the wall at the same time in breaststroke and butterfly. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiago_Pereira&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Thiago Pereira&lt;/a&gt; was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/brandonn-almeida-delivered-400-im-gold-after-shocking-thiago-pereira-dq-at-pan-american-games/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;disqualified from the men's 400m individual medley at the same games for the same reason&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T08:49:46.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10786" CreationDate="2015-08-04T20:03:49.983" Score="8" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a experienced marathon runner who is looking to get into Triathlons (long course and half -- ~50 mile bike), hoping to work up to an Ironman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have an older, but working, road bike that gets me around very well (to which I could attach Tri-style handlebars), so my question is: &#xA;how essential is having a purpose built triathlon bike if the goal is just to complete the race? Can I get away with a standard road bike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9780" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:17:33.513" Title="How essential is a purpose built Triathalon bike?" Tags="|cycling|triathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2015-08-05T00:48:13.833" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Martin guptill and Tom Latham  get joint man of the match award for a record partnership in 2015 in harare in Zimbabwe  on 04 Aug 2015 for the runs 236 and winning Newzeland by 10 wicket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-south-africa-v-new-zealand-2015/engine/match/894289.html&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9783" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T04:52:33.277" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T04:52:33.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10784" CreationDate="2015-08-05T05:59:36.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only question that matters here is what the regulations say for the competition(s) you're going to be entering. If your bike meets the regulations and you can complete the distance on it, then that's all that's &lt;em&gt;essential&lt;/em&gt; to complete the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T05:59:36.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10787" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-05T11:55:39.257" Score="2" ViewCount="2272" Body="&lt;p&gt;My ball went on the wrong fairway. I intended to take a preferred lie but my playing partner said that I would be penalised a shot as I was not allowed preferred lie on the wrong fairway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9787" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T18:49:45.777" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:16:25.530" Title="Can i take a preferred lie on the wrong fairway?" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10787" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:22:26.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preferred lies are a local rule, so you would need to refer to the exact wording of the rule as posted. However, if your committee is using either the R&amp;amp;A's or the USGA's suggested wording (e.g. from pages 128-129 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.randa.org/en/Rules-and-Amateur-Status/~/media/RandA/Related%20Documents/2011/2012%20Rules/72580_ROG_CLUBHOUSE_with%20cover.ashx?download=true&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;R&amp;amp;A's Rules of Golf&lt;/a&gt; - the USGA copy is identical apart from branding), then this states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball lying on a closely-mown area through the green [...] may be lifted, without penalty, and cleaned. Before lifting the ball, the player must mark its position. Having lifted the ball, he must place it on a spot within (specify area [...]) of and not nearer the hole than where it originally lay, that&#xA;  is not in a hazard and not on a putting green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: “Closely-mown area” means any area of the course, including paths&#xA;  through the rough, cut to fairway height or less&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and makes no mention of disallowing the use of preferred lies if you are on the wrong fairway so you would be allowed to take advantage of the rule. But again, you need to refer to the exact wording specified by your committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T13:46:17.960" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T13:46:17.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10789" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:59:40.057" Score="3" ViewCount="1660" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that FC is short for Football Club, but does basketball have such word for teams?  I primarily am asking this, because of a new game I am developing. I ask the player to enter the name of his team, should I put &quot;Miami Heat&quot; or &quot;Miami Heat BC&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T08:25:10.683" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T22:58:28.157" Title="FC, does basketball and other sports have it?" Tags="|football|trivia|basketball|terminology|international-sports|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10791" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10800" CreationDate="2015-08-05T22:27:52.793" Score="7" ViewCount="1496" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a Mets fan and over the years I've constantly heard of their MiLB team relocating from town to town. Their AAA team was in Norfolk, VA then somewhere else, now it's in Las Vegas, NV. Their A team is moving now from Savannah, GA to Columbia, SC. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a common occurrence in MiLB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:14:56.930" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T22:20:59.990" Title="Why do Minor League baseball teams relocate often?" Tags="|baseball|milb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10792" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-08-05T22:28:21.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Minor League Baseball (MiLB)&lt;/a&gt; consists of several competitions which are below &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball (MLB)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:44:22.893" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:44:22.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10793" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-08-05T22:28:21.353" Score="0" Body="Questions about Minor League Baseball (MiLB)" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-06T13:19:19.827" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T13:19:19.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10794" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-08-05T22:29:34.837" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:29:34.837" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T22:29:34.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10795" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-08-05T22:29:34.837" Score="0" Body="New York Metropolitans baseball team." OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="189" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:55:56.670" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T22:55:56.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10789" CreationDate="2015-08-06T09:18:03.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a bit of googling you can find some clubs with similar shortcuts in the name:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=ac+%22athletic+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&amp;amp;gws_rd=ssl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AC&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Ajaccio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AC Ajaccio&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Sparta_Prague&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AC Sparta Prague&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=bc+%22basketball+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_%C5%BDalgiris&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Žalgiris&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Lietuvos_rytas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Lietuvos rytas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Nev%C4%97%C5%BEis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Nevėžis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Astana&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Astana&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.C._Zenit_Saint_Petersburg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;B.C. Zenit Saint Petersburg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Oostende&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Oostende&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Tsmoki-Minsk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Tsmoki-Minsk&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=bk+%22basketball+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BK&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Ventspils&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BK Ventspils&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabzonspor_B.K.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trabzonspor B.K.&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=vc+%22volleyball+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VC&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC_Belogorie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VC Belogorie&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC_Zenit-Kazan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VC Zenit-Kazan&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=sc+%22sport+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SC&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC_Internacional_(SP)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SC Internacional (SP)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC_Freiburg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SC Freiburg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC_Bastia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SC Bastia&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=hc+%22hockey+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HC&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6lunda_HC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Frölunda HC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%C3%B6pings_HC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Linköpings HC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausanne_HC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lausanne HC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Davos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HC Davos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC_Plze%C5%88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HC Plzeň&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=hk+%22hockey+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HK&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rebro_HK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Örebro HK&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountfield_HK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mountfield HK&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HK_Dukla_Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HK Dukla Trenčín&lt;/a&gt;, ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=hf+%22hockey+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HF&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_HF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luleå HF&lt;/a&gt;,...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=jk+%22football+club%22+site:wikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;JK&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_J.K.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beşiktaş J.K&lt;/a&gt;.,...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T22:58:28.157" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T22:58:28.157" CommentCount="7" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-08-06T09:18:03.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10789" CreationDate="2015-08-06T09:28:28.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are also those initials:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.S.&lt;/strong&gt; (Associazione Sportiva - A.S. Roma or Association Sportive - AS Douanes)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S.S.&lt;/strong&gt; (Società Sportiva - &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisportiva_S.S._Lazio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;S.S. Lazio&lt;/a&gt;)  =&gt; football - paddle - grass hockey - basketball - volleyball - rugby - darts and many more&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A.C.&lt;/strong&gt; (Associazione Calcio - A.C. Milan)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U.C.&lt;/strong&gt; (Unione Calcio - U.C. Sampdoria)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S.C.&lt;/strong&gt; (Sport Club - Vasas SC)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RCD&lt;/strong&gt;  (Real Club Deportivo - RCD Espanyol)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C.D.&lt;/strong&gt;  (Club Deportivo - CD Aguila)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C.A.&lt;/strong&gt; (Club Atlético - C.A. Cerro)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I.F.K&lt;/strong&gt; (Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna - IFK Göteborg / IFK Norrköping)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CSKA&lt;/strong&gt; (Central Army Sports Club - CSKA Moscow) =&gt; football - futsal - icehochey - basketball - volleyball&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_club_names&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-08-07T14:41:39.290" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T14:41:39.290" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10798" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-06T15:31:07.253" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, you commonly hear about players in the NFL breaking some threshold to unlock incentive bonuses. I want to know when these incentives started to appear in players' contracts and how the incentive system evolved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9794" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T06:55:26.013" Title="When did incentives and salary escalators start in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|history|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-06T15:53:12.750" Score="6" ViewCount="2810" Body="&lt;p&gt;I view that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzain_Tareq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alzain Tareq&lt;/a&gt; took part in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/aug/07/alzain-tarez-10-year-old-swimmer-youngest-ever-world-championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kazan 2015&lt;/a&gt; swim championship at age of 10!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that FINA (International Swimming Federation) has no age limits for races. Are there any other international sport where a &quot;baby&quot; can take part at the event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-17T13:31:34.797" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T15:36:32.740" Title="What international sport do not have age limits for championship competitions?" Tags="|rules|trivia|history|international-sports|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10791" CreationDate="2015-08-06T16:23:28.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, the teams don't actually &quot;move&quot; around, per se.  Minor League teams are usually separate corporations from the major league team, and form affiliations with major league teams, via the Player Development Contract.  This affiliation allows the Major League team to have control over the players and coaches of the minor league team, but the other elements of the team (the stadium, ticket sales, administrative details, etc.) are managed by the Minor League franchise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, it's certainly possible for a Minor League team to relocate physically (as well as change affiliation, or not) - usually for the same reasons as Major League teams might relocate: attendance, stadium conditions, etc.; and occasionally also as a result of a player development contract - but often not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB.com has a fairly detailed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.milb.com/milb/info/faq.jsp?mc=business#7&quot;&gt;section on the business of Minor League Baseball&lt;/a&gt; and covers all of this in much more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your specific example, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/affiliate.cgi?id=NYM&quot;&gt;New York Mets&lt;/a&gt; ended their relationship with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=Norfolk&amp;amp;state=VA&amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;empty=0&quot;&gt;Norfolk Tide&lt;/a&gt; after 2006, and changed to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=New%20Orleans&amp;amp;state=LA&amp;amp;country=US&quot;&gt;New Orleans Zephyrs&lt;/a&gt; for two years, then the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=Buffalo&amp;amp;state=NY&amp;amp;country=US&quot;&gt;Buffalo Bisons&lt;/a&gt; for four, now the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=Las%20Vegas&amp;amp;state=NV&amp;amp;country=US&quot;&gt;Las Vegas 51s&lt;/a&gt; since 2013.  All of those teams are still in existence, and have relationships with other teams (Buffalo is now the Blue Jays AAA team, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to how frequently it changes, well, the Mets were affiliated with the Tides, originally the Tidewater Tides (originated 1961, affiliated with NYM in 1969) from 1969 to 1990. The Tides then moved to Norfolk, remaining affiliated with the Mets until 2006; at the time the second longest affiliation between a AAA team and a Major League team (the Atlanta Braves had the longest) at 37 years.  They then changed teams three times in less than 10 years.  So - certainly it happens from time to time, and 30 years is a &quot;long&quot; time to have a single affiliation.  I would say it is a fairly common occurrence overall; most years it seems a couple of teams change at least.  My team (the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/affiliate.cgi?id=CHW&quot;&gt;White Sox&lt;/a&gt;) hasn't changed any of their main affiliates (Charlotte, Birmingham, Winston-Salem, Kannapolis) since 2001 , but who knows when that might change... and they change their rookie league teams pretty frequently (those are much higher turnover, from what I've seen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T16:23:28.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10805" CreationDate="2015-08-06T19:04:17.153" Score="6" ViewCount="728" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there some logic in issuance of yellow card to a player who takes his shirt off to celebrate a goal or is it just a rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9796" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-08-07T13:17:59.393" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T22:01:26.563" Title="Taking shirt off celebration" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10804" CreationDate="2015-08-06T20:31:18.857" Score="3" ViewCount="1682" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the current &quot;state&quot; of an NFL game. What does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3rd and 24 on SF 20 yd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where SF is San Francisco&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9797" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-24T05:19:53.320" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T05:19:53.320" Title="How to read an NFL &quot;state of game&quot; format" Tags="|american-football|terminology|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10803" CreationDate="2015-08-06T21:31:52.683" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;3rd is third down - you have four downs (plays) to move the ball 10 yards foward, after which you receive another set of four.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;24 indicates that you need 24 yards to achieve a first down - obviously a negative-yardage play occurred on 1st or 2nd down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;on SF 20 yd means the ball is currently on the SF 20 yard line, i.e. 20 yards out from the goal line SF are currently defending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-08-07T08:00:19.200" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T08:00:19.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10802" CreationDate="2015-08-07T00:33:10.290" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer, its just a rule: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/news/y=2004/m=6/news=clarification-law-yellow-card-for-removal-jersey-92958.html&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/development/news/y=2004/m=6/news=clarification-law-yellow-card-for-removal-jersey-92958.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long answer, I personally think the player involved can be said to waste time and is delaying the restart of the game. Time wasting can be one of the logical reasons. One can also argue that the player is trying to taunt the opponents which is against the spirit of the game. Also its not common in any other sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8955" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T00:33:10.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10802" CreationDate="2015-08-07T07:34:35.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a financial issue.  When a player scores a goal the first thing that happens is the camera goes straight to him in close up.  This gives everyone watching on TV a prolonged view of the shirt sponsor.  If the player takes his shirt off the sponsor misses out on valuable exposure time.  The yellow card is to make sure the sponsor gets as much exposure as possible making the shirt a valuable medium to spend your companies money on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of course then trickles down to the lowest levels of the game to ensure the game we watch on TV is as close as possible to the game we play at amateur level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T07:34:35.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10808" CreationDate="2015-08-07T10:44:48.617" Score="6" ViewCount="24385" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am researching statistical characteristics of tennis matches. I need to know reliably which tennis matches are best of 3, and which ones are best of 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it strictly the case that only men grand slams are best of 5? Are the venues for the grand slams only used for grand slams (e.g. if I see that the venue of a tennis match is Wimbledon, am I guaranteed that this is the Wimbledon Grand slam)? Or are there sometimes some matches in these venues that are not part of the Grand slams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9700" LastEditorUserId="9700" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T16:17:41.820" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T16:17:41.820" Title="Which tennis matches are best of 5?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10807" CreationDate="2015-08-07T11:26:38.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grand Slam mens singles and doubles are best of five sets.  The same is true of the Davis Cup.  However all other matches, male and female, and including the end of season ATP World Tour Finals, are best of three sets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards the venues, I know that they can be used for Davis Cup as well as the Grand Slam, but as this just means the same number of sets, for your requirements, this is not a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T11:26:38.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10789" CreationDate="2015-08-07T16:05:22.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FC itself is actually quite common in another sport: Rugby.  &quot;XXX Rugby Football Club&quot; is commonly the name of rugby clubs (at the club level).  This is true even in the US (where &quot;Club&quot; is not a very common term); in Chicago, for example, we have the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chicagolions.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chicago Lions Rugby Football Club&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://lincolnparkrfc.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lincoln Park RFC&lt;/a&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In US-primary sports, &quot;Club&quot; is used sporadically, but &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; not as the primary descriptor.  Many teams do technically call themselves clubs, though, via their official corporation; the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.manta.com/c/mtcsn3c/chicago-cubs-baseball-club-llc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chicago Cubs Baseball Club LLC&lt;/a&gt; for example; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Chicago_Bears_Football_Club_Inc.4107b37878785f80.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chicago Bears Football Club Inc&lt;/a&gt;, etc.  However, they're not usually described using those words - it's just &quot;Chicago Bears&quot;.  That's because of the prevalence of team names in US-primary sports; you need to say &quot;Manchester City Football Club&quot; because there might also be &quot;Manchester City Rugby Football Club&quot; and &quot;Manchester City Cricket Club&quot;.  In the US, and thus in sports that originated or came to popularity in the US, team names (&quot;Chicago Bears&quot;, etc.) are more common and therefore don't need to have the sport added on to differentiate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my suggestion would be that if you're expecting a US audience, simply use team names; but if you're expecting a primarily European audience and not giving teams names (beyond their home city), &quot;basketball club&quot; is perfectly reasonable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T16:05:22.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2015-08-08T11:27:38.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The last post about the guy in the men's league is one of the first people that knows what he's talking about. You can run an offsides trap effectively with a sweeper. Second, if a forward stays with a sweeper then he's gonna be in for a ride and he's never gonna be open for a pass. I've won a state championship and I've also coached a state championship team both had stoppers and sweepers. &#xA;Also its false to believe using a sweeper is for highly defensive teams. I took my team to the state tournament. We played three games and scored 11,goals. We were number one in goals made. The number two team had 6 goals. We were one of the only teams to have a sweeper but we dominated the scoreboard out of 12 teams. Its all about having the players make the right set of moves when they get the ball. Specially the players without the ball. I always spread the field out on attacks and beef up the middle on defense.&#xA;I would be open to running anything that worked though. I love soccer and sometimes you need backup formations to be successful, specially when you play a team twice in one tournament. &#xA;We also used a sweeper in high school, our record was 21-1 for the year. We beat every team except the last one by at least two points. We scored tons of goals again proving that its not a defensive may minded thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9801" LastEditorUserId="9801" LastEditDate="2015-08-08T11:54:56.253" LastActivityDate="2015-08-08T11:54:56.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11816" CreationDate="2015-08-08T14:04:17.547" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;In England is FA Community Shield, in Italy Supercoppa, in Spain Supercopa, in Germany Supercup and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This title existe for every FIFA league or just only some league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T12:02:09.377" Title="Football league winner vs cup winner" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11865" CreationDate="2015-08-09T06:24:47.833" Score="4" ViewCount="10631" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules during serving with respect to the Doubles Long Service Line?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Can I serve beyond that in a Doubles match?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In a Singles match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/usZzw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Badminton Court image&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9803" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:09:58.147" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:09:58.147" Title="Is the Doubles Long Service Line active during a Singles match?" Tags="|rules|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11824" CreationDate="2015-08-09T06:40:57.637" Score="3" ViewCount="1381" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me know what happens to the batsman in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spin bowler made an magic delivery so that it hit the stumps and a bail is pushed out of its position (the grooves), but didn't fall to the ground, rather it balanced on top of one of the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it's an extremely weird and rare scenario, but I'm too curious to know the decision of the umpire. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9803" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T06:07:03.607" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T17:08:34.257" Title="Is a batsman out if the bails are removed but fall back onto the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10813" CreationDate="2015-08-09T12:02:09.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA doesn't impose any rule about what national competitions should be organized in each country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By memory, I could think at least one place that doesn't has such game, although there's a league and a cup: Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T12:02:09.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10697" CreationDate="2015-08-09T15:31:40.780" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Betfair's odds system is somewhat different to the more conventional bookmakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They allow punters to bet against each other. A punter has two choices, one is to back an event for a win, the other is to back the event not to happen. The latter is called a &lt;strong&gt;lay bet&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Punters can set their own odds, stake and bet type, and then wait for another punter to &lt;strong&gt;match&lt;/strong&gt; this bet. This punter (the &lt;strong&gt;matcher&lt;/strong&gt;) agrees to payout if the punter is right. If the punter is wrong, the matcher wins the punters stake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Betfair then use the information from the matched betting process to determine the &lt;strong&gt;starting price (SP)&lt;/strong&gt;. The starting price is used for a different betting system, called the &lt;strong&gt;Exchange&lt;/strong&gt;, and offers fixed odds, namely the starting price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until the market is actually closed, the starting price can only be estimated, and Betfair have two methods for this, the &lt;strong&gt;far price&lt;/strong&gt; and the &lt;strong&gt;near price&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The far price is calculated using the unmatched bets, as the matched bets are between punters who have agreed a mutually acceptable price, and therefore can be considered as separate bets from unmatched bets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the data:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{'backStakeTaken': [{'price': 1.01, 'size': 784.54},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.0, 'size': 5.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.4, 'size': 8.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.5, 'size': 2.44},&#xA;                    {'price': 3.55, 'size': 60.0},&#xA;                    {'price': 4.0, 'size': 150.0}],&#xA; 'farPrice': 2.56,&#xA; 'layLiabilityTaken': [{'price': 1000.0, 'size': 988.15},&#xA;                       {'price': 4.0, 'size': 35.0},&#xA;                       {'price': 2.56, 'size': 600.3}],&#xA; 'nearPrice': 2.993840265781219}&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;unmatched bets&lt;/strong&gt; are given by the prices 1.01 in &lt;code&gt;backStakeTaken&lt;/code&gt; and 1000.0 in &lt;code&gt;layLiabilityTaken&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, 988.15/784.54=1.2595278..., and Betfair uses decimal odds, and also includes the stake (so add 1), and so this becomes the 2.56 given as the far price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is more information at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://promo.betfair.com/betfairsp/FAQs_projectedOdds.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Betfair FAQ's&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://api.developer.betfair.com/services/webapps/docs/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=4392566&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Betfair Developer Program&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't see how they get to the near price, I think it considers bets placed on the Exchange that are not placed at an offered SP but on the final SP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; I've just double-checked the figures, and they're not quite right! But the method seems sound enough, so I'll leave my post intact for the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastEditorUserId="9244" LastEditDate="2015-08-09T15:41:40.330" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T15:41:40.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11821" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-09T17:39:57.477" Score="5" ViewCount="1041" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a punishment allocated by the football authorities other than the club if a football player goes absurd and score a deliberate own goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9796" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T09:42:03.767" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T09:42:03.767" Title="Punishment for Own Goal" Tags="|rules|football|own-goal|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-09T17:45:00.407" Score="4" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a football player retire if he is not getting a transfer away from his current club and then come back from retirement to join a new club? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can such methods will earn him a move or will he has to play for the same club again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9796" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T16:53:13.513" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T16:53:13.513" Title="Coming back from retirement" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-09T17:52:15.413" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;Okay. I play volleyball in Southern California. I consider myself a high level athlete but there is a problem (or what I think is a problem). I know this is kind of silly but whenever I take private lessons with my coach I get exhausted and I literally AM ALL OVER THE PLACE. The constant approach, jump, hit, pull back out and repeat. The serving, the constant shuffling. It wears me out. All of the other girls that take privates don't get tired like I do or as fast as I do. Like when I jump to hit my vertical gets smaller and smaller as the private goes through and it's really frustrating and it's making think I'm not doing good. It's degrading. I want to play college ball so bad but sometimes I think I'm not good enough because I can't even have enough endurance to last a private for an hour!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9807" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-24T22:03:03.507" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T22:03:03.507" Title="I am a volleyball player and I need better endurance. Please help!" Tags="|training|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11815" CreationDate="2015-08-09T18:02:47.380" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not out. Quoting from Law 30.1(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Bowled if his wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and Law 28.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) The disturbance of a bail, whether temporary or not, shall not constitute its complete removal from the top of the stumps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T18:02:47.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11823" CreationDate="2015-08-09T18:05:00.980" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious answer here is &quot;ask your coach&quot;. If they can't tell you how to be a better athlete, then they're not the right coach &lt;em&gt;for you&lt;/em&gt; no matter how good their technical volleyball coaching might be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T18:05:00.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11821" CreationDate="2015-08-09T18:09:02.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's nothing specific to cover this situation. However, it would almost certainly count both as bringing the game into disrepute, thus meaning the player would be subject to a charge from the appropriate governing body, and gross misconduct, thus meaning the player would be subject to summary dismissal. The latter in particular would be an employment matter rather than a sporting one and hence very dependent on the exact legal jurisdiction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T18:09:02.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11821" CreationDate="2015-08-09T18:50:13.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such an event in football is extremely rare, and happens mostly in lower leagues. There is no law punishment for a deliberate own goal, except for cases when it is proved that a player got money from the other team or a group of football gamblers for doing this. Moreover, it is extremely hard to prove that a player scored a deliberate goal, again, except for cases with substantial video or audio evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the moral point of view, that player will be definitely &quot;punished&quot; by internal club system. Mostly it will depend on circumstances, but that player will have to leave the team, since he/she won't be trusted anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9808" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T18:50:13.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11822" CreationDate="2015-08-10T08:29:46.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the contract is still active there are two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player ask for rescission and he will take back &quot;his property&quot;. In this case is is free to choose another team and the new team should not pay for the player (see player Iker Casillas moving to Porto from Real Madrid in summer '15)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team sacks the player and the player start to play to another team. In this case the new team has probably pay money to old team, but it depends on the courts where the teams talk about the questions)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the contract in ending the player is free to sign to another team just at the end of the contract to another team (see free player Antonio Cassano moving to Sampdoria in summer '15). Normally the old team take no money from the new team, but if the player is very young the new team has to pay a contribution for the growth of the young player (see young Paul Pogba moving from Manchester UTD to Juventus in summer '12)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-08-10T08:41:54.657" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T08:41:54.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10807" CreationDate="2015-08-10T12:55:06.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All ATP tournamnet matches (singles/doubles) are best of three except for Grand Slam singles, that are best of five, Wimbledon doubles (best of five) and Olympics (best of five).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only Grand Slam with doubles played best of five sets is Wimbledon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The venues are used for Davis Cup matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9729" LastEditorUserId="9729" LastEditDate="2015-08-10T14:02:37.673" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T14:02:37.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6946" CreationDate="2015-08-10T17:03:50.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the process of answering Brett's question, I found a slightly better answer for this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 7.01 (Regulation Games), there is an approved ruling specifically relevant here, below (g) (3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: The batter hits a home run out&#xA;  of the playing field to win the game in the last half of&#xA;  the ninth or an extra inning, but is called out for passing&#xA;  a preceding runner. The game ends immediately&#xA;  when the winning run is scored, unless there are two&#xA;  out and the winning run has not yet reached home&#xA;  plate when the runner passes another, in which case&#xA;  the inning is over and only those runs that scored&#xA;  before the runner passes another shall count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it discusses passing another runner, the concept is the same as abandoning the basepaths.  As such, my previous statement was correct - but clarified a bit.  As long as the winning run scored prior to Ishikawa leaving the basepaths and abandoning his attempt to score, that winning run counts - but only that run, and the game ends.  The only way the game would not end is if both 'outs' occurred before the winning run scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T17:03:50.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9095" CreationDate="2015-08-11T18:50:50.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a difficult question to answer accurately because it depends so much on how good her dive technique is. Age, strength and technique will make a big difference to how much benefit is gained from a dive start versus pushing off the wall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example I'm an adult male and a sprint swimmer so I would expect to make the full 15m underwater from a dive start and would estimate it between 2 - 3 seconds versus a push start. This is based on my max effort 50 metre free from a push start is about 27 seconds but my race PB is 24.5 so that's 2.5 seconds faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say if she is a younger swimmer then allow 1.5 - 2 seconds maximum for the dive unless she has a very strong dive in which case perhaps up to 3 seconds maximum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7615" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T18:50:50.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11845" CreationDate="2015-08-12T01:08:32.940" Score="6" ViewCount="673" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that, for a long time now, the crooked feed became the norm in international rugby. When did this practice start? Why is it not policed by the refs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7715" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T14:58:06.560" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T21:29:43.847" Title="Scrum crooked feed" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11821" CreationDate="2015-08-12T03:34:57.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is not whether he scored an own goal or not, but whether he was involved in outlawed activities such as betting. If an investigation ascertains that he scored an own goal because he had some abnormal interest, he'll be punished by the corresponding regulations accordingly. However you can't just punish a player for the sake of scoring an own goal on its own. And nobody would go so obvious as to score a &quot;deliberate&quot; own goal out of nowhere, unless he's mental. Illicit involvements are usually more subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T03:34:57.197" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11822" CreationDate="2015-08-12T03:38:05.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You obviously cannot unilaterally announce to terminate the contract. Imagine telling your boss one day that you're &quot;retiring&quot; from the business only to emerge one week later at a competitor. Does it make any sense? The common usage of &quot;retirement&quot; in football usually comes after the player's contract has ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T03:38:05.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10798" CreationDate="2015-08-12T06:55:26.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the most part, alot of these bonuses started showing up in the mid-nineties due for the most part to Jerry Jones (owner of the Dallas Cowboys).  The salary cap was implemented in the 1994 season to prevent more wealthier teams (i.e. the Dallas Cowboys) from buying a championship team.  Agents saw this as an opportunity to benefit the players individually.  Although an organization will pay team bonuses (i.e. winning the superbowl) the individual athlete has several bonus options in his contract (i.e. signing bonus, workout bonuses, rushing yards, td's, sacks, interceptions...etc.)  These types of bonuses have been increasing in the different types of bonuses as well as the monetary value attached to each one in the past 20 years.  Players in the 60's even through the late 80's or early 90's typically just had just a straight contract.  This information is aquired by being a die hard NFL fan since I was 7 years old, but I found a website for a reference:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://football.calsci.com/SalaryCap2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://football.calsci.com/SalaryCap2.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T06:55:26.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11837" CreationDate="2015-08-12T12:40:22.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has been a problem in the international game since at least the 2007 world cup, when just before the world cup an edict was sent to the IRB referees to police the feed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However they have taken the decision that the straightness of put in falls so low down the priority order that it gets ignored, with only the most outrageous examples being penalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The argument is that the scrum is a restart and a slightly crooked feed is 'immaterial' in the grand scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As referees in general we are asked to think about can I not blow my whistle not can I blow my whistle to improve the game for players and spectators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the World Rugby law changes for 2017-18 the scrum half was allowed to stand with their foot on the mid point of the scrum so that their body was nearer their own team.  This gives an advantage to the putting in side and has generally reduced the extremes of putting the ball into the second row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2019-03-18T22:49:09.020" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T22:49:09.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11848" CreationDate="2015-08-12T16:21:26.037" Score="2" ViewCount="7086" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB starting pitchers play every 5 games. Do they get paid only for each start they make or do they earn for each game in between starts as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9613" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T17:43:24.627" Title="Do MLB starting pitchers get paid per start or per game they are on the roster?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2015-08-12T17:00:52.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because of the nature of the collective bargaining agreement, starting pitchers are rarely treated any differently than any other player. There are some occasional differences between pitchers and position players (like the length of rehab stints). However, paychecks is not one of those places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They earn their checks based on the amount of time they are on the roster. MLB players get paid on the 1st and 15th, unlike in other sports that play weekly where you get paid weekly (like the NFL). Most MLB contracts are completely garunteed though so you get the full amount of your contract regardless of roster status (rookie contracts are different though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that in general, a players contract value will be divided up by the number of pay periods during the season (12 or so), and they would get paid that amount each check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T17:00:52.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2015-08-12T17:43:24.627" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;All Major league baseball players are paid at a daily rate equivalent to their annual salary; that daily rate is calculated based on the Championship Season, which is defined as the time from Opening Day to the final day of the &quot;regular&quot; season (so, usually around Sept. 30).  It is between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thecubreporter.com/book/export/html/4043&quot;&gt;178 and 183 days in length&lt;/a&gt;.  So, if the player is paid $1MM, and this year has 183 days in it, they are paid $5,464 per day.  This distinction (between &quot;days&quot; and &quot;games&quot;) is important both for players traded (who might play more than 162 games) and suspended (you lose your salary for the duration of the suspension, based on calendar days).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rate is regardless of games played; you get paid the same for being on the bench as on the field.  In fact, if you have a Major League contract (and not a split contract), you get paid the same even in the minors. (Most players in their first six years are on effectively split contracts, as are many players who are either not good enough to make the majors as a regular (&quot;AAAA&quot; players) or who are no longer good enough may also agree to split contracts that pay differently based on whether they are on the Major League 25 man roster or not.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That payment is then made in semi-monthly installments &lt;em&gt;during the championship season&lt;/em&gt; (ie, as opposed to many teachers and some other similar professions, baseball players receive all of their salary during the six or so months they play - they don't have to wait six months for the rest of it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is spelled out in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/files/mlb-contract.pdf&quot;&gt;Uniform Player Contract&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In accordance with Paragraph 2 of the Uniform Player's Contract, for each day of service while in the Major Leagues, Club shall pay the Player a salary (...), at a rate and for the season(s) indicated below in the following manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The linked contract is a split contract, so that player does receive a different salary at different levels.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T17:43:24.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11856" CreationDate="2015-08-12T19:31:47.897" Score="3" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;On August 8th, 2015, Chattanooga FC played host to the NPSL final game at Finley Stadium in Chattanooga, TN. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they finished with a lower points per game record than their opponents the New York Cosmos B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was Chattanooga allowed to host the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T07:51:24.440" Title="Why was Chattanooga the host of the 2015 NPSL National Championship game?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11864" CreationDate="2015-08-13T01:39:08.337" Score="4" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I keep accelerating in a 100m race? Does holding my breath work, or is it a good start that matters?  I'm a 15 year old sprinter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9828" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:38:16.443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T12:38:16.443" Title="How to keep accelerating in 100m race?" Tags="|technique|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-13T03:26:59.403" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want a checklist that I can show, but I do no want those who are not achieving as well not to fell left out. I want this for a gymnastics class, so that they can see how well they are doing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3734" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T00:05:50.007" Title="How to have a checklist to show your athletes?" Tags="|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11861" CreationDate="2015-08-13T03:45:25.827" Score="7" ViewCount="2449" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL has a long list of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot;&gt;tie-breaking procedures&lt;/a&gt;. There are seven separate lists of rules depending on possible tie situations. However, it seems incredibly unlikely that two teams would have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tied head-to-read records&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equal win-loss-tie percentages within their division&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equal win-loss-tie percentages against common opponents&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equal win-loss-tie percentages within their conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equal strength of victory&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equal strength of schedule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And other identical statistics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many of the NFL tiebreakers have actually been used to break a tie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6211" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T05:20:07.527" LastActivityDate="2016-10-04T14:25:49.493" Title="How many of the NFL tiebreakers have actually been used?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11850" CreationDate="2015-08-13T06:51:45.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chattanoogafc.com/news/2015-npsl-national-championship-coming-to-chattanooga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chattanooga FC Website&lt;/a&gt;, New York Cosmos B did indeed have the better record, and therefore right of refusal for home-field advantage, but they agreed to play the match in Chattanooga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Immediately following Saturday’s matches, work began to determine the&#xA;  best location for the 2015 Championship game. While their #1 seed&#xA;  gives the NY Cosmos B the right of refusal for home-field advantage,&#xA;  Chattanooga was able to secure the home field advantage, with the&#xA;  Championship to be played at Finley Stadium’s Davenport Field on&#xA;  Saturday, August 8 at 7:30pm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also give a couple of reasons why NY Cosmos agreed to this, which could be summarized as &quot;bums on seats&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While there were a number of factors at play, according to CFC board&#xA;  member Tim Kelly, one of the most persuading arguments to bring the&#xA;  game to Chattanooga was the combination of a world-class soccer&#xA;  facility and the strongest fan base in the NPSL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“In a league where most teams enjoy the regular support of a few&#xA;  hundred fans, our fan-base here Chattanooga is envied—and our&#xA;  partnership with Finley stadium insures a great experience for fans&#xA;  and players alike. Teams want to play here.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading between the lines, especially the words &quot;work began&quot; in the first quote, I think that means that the teams negotiated that a share of that gate money (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chattanoogafc.com/news/chattanooga-fc-falls-3-2-in-ot-in-national-title-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;18,227 fans attended&lt;/a&gt;, a national record for an amateur match) went also to NY Cosmos B, and this share was more than they would have got by holding the match at home. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T06:51:45.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-13T15:45:45.807" Score="4" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;I intend to swim long distances, over 5 km, in open waters. I won't do it in shark infested water or anything alike, but there are still a lot of dangers, like jellyfishes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also want to do it self sufficient. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that I would need at least an auto inflating vest. But what should I look for when choosing one? If I would need to carry food and water how can I do it? Is there something like a floating bag that I can easily attach to myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related to safety again, is there something like a radio buoy to emit a signal in case of emergency?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any other tips if someone already did this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T17:13:05.093" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T09:15:52.783" Title="Swimming long distances self sufficient" Tags="|equipment|swimming|open-water|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-04-04T19:29:08.480" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11858" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-08-13T15:48:42.287" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T17:12:34.623" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T17:12:34.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11859" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-08-13T15:48:42.287" Score="0" Body="Questions about sports that take place in open-waters, such as oceans, seas, lakes or anything alike." OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T17:14:00.080" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T17:14:00.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11855" CreationDate="2015-08-13T23:35:39.797" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first, and only, case of a tiebreaker deciding a playoff spot prior to the AFL-NFL merger was a notable one. In 1967, the Baltimore Colts entered the final week of the regular season at 11-0-2, trying to become the first team to go undefeated since the 1929 Green Bay Packers. However, they had to travel to Los Angeles to face the 10-1-2 Rams, their Coastal Division rival. The Rams won that game, and the tiebreaker, on net points scored in the two head to head matchups, and advanced to the playoffs. The Colts, despite tying for best record in the league, stayed home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Divisional tiebreakers, five three way ties have been used. Four were determined affirmatively by head to head record (that is, one team had either a 3-1 or 4-0 record combined against the other two), and one, the AFC East in 2002, was determined in the negative by kicking out Miami based on division record (2-4 versus 4-2 for both the Jets and Patriots). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Virtually all the divisional tiebreakers have been decided by either head to head, division record, or conference record, with head to head being the most common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/?p=976&quot;&gt;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/?p=976&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T23:35:39.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11853" CreationDate="2015-08-14T00:05:50.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Include a bunch of easy-to-achieve items so that everyone has some things checked off. Depending on the age of your athletes, they might realize that some of the items are really just filler/nonsense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that's still not enough, then do the checklists on separate pieces of paper that you hand out and go over with each athlete individually. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not super familiar with gymnastics, but a list might look something like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On time and ready to go at start of every class&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Appropriate attitude&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Helpful with other students&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Puts away equipment at end of class (?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Warm up (?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete easy activity 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete easy activity 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete easy activity 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete moderate activity 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete moderate activity 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete moderate activity 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete difficult activity 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete difficult activity 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Complete difficult activity 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that even your &quot;worst&quot; students will have half the checklist done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one other thought may be to focus (at least partially) on improvement rather than achievement. So even if they're bad at some item on the checklist, if they're making progress, it can be encouraging for them to hear that that's recognized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9591" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T00:05:50.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-14T00:49:22.390" Score="3" ViewCount="1302" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner on first and second, ball is hit to outfield, both the runner on first and second score on the outfield hit. The runner who was on second, misses touching third base, and scores, followed by the runner who was on first...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;appealed and the umpire called the runner out who missed 3rd base....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is this the correct call? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9832" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T03:24:02.283" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T08:36:53.150" Title="2 runners on base, lead runner misses a base and both runs score, correct ruling?" Tags="|rules|officiating|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11852" CreationDate="2015-08-14T04:25:31.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rate of change of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;acceleration&lt;/a&gt; is the differential of the acceleration function (the &lt;strong&gt;secondary acceleration&lt;/strong&gt;). This is a fairly subtle concept, but important to understanding how your body distributes its energies efficiently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a paper that covers the concept of optimal pacing in running at the of American Association of Physics Teachers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/81/6/10.1119/1.4803068&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Optimal pacing for running 400- and 800-m track races&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which covers (obviously) 400m and 800m, but I imagine the strategies are similar for 100m and 200m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the world record for 100m is faster for the 150m race where we measure from 50m to the finish. This is because the first 50m allows the athlete to build momentum, and therefore not having to start from 'cold' and not having spent all their energy, they can travel the next 100m quicker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usain Bolt ran 100m in 8.72 seconds this way (5.64s at 50m, 14.36s at 150m):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0d69bXakUo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Usain Bolt 150m Manchester 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastEditorUserId="9244" LastEditDate="2015-08-25T04:15:56.480" LastActivityDate="2015-08-25T04:15:56.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11814" CreationDate="2015-08-14T09:33:53.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Doubles match you must serve between the Short Service Line and the Doubles Long Service Line, and in a Singles match, you must serve between the Short Service Line and the Singles Long Service Line, also known as the Back Boundary Line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an exception however, for Para-badminton wheelchair Classes singles, the Doubles Long Service Line is used, with the Doubles Sideline and only half the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This information is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF Section 1 - Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastEditorUserId="9244" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T18:34:01.567" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T18:34:01.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11867" CreationDate="2015-08-14T09:43:34.497" Score="5" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose you're teaching a beginner how to play (let's concentrate on various racquet games for that matter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have some tips on how the more experienced player can also benefit on some level from such games? A squash player once told me that one idea is to play with one's non-dominant hand, although I'm not sure what benefit would one get from that, (except perhaps in tennis, for the two-handed backhand), apart from the challenge/developing general dexterity (which I do find fun, but wondering whether there's more to that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any additional tips?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9095" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T03:24:12.237" Title="How to benefit from playing a racquet game with a player on a much lower level?" Tags="|tennis|table-tennis|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11866" CreationDate="2015-08-14T10:38:36.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer addresses tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most important advice is mental. If you want to improve, do not have an arrogant or superior mindset on court. Focus on improving yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your partner is not able to consistently return your balls, you are essentially limited to polishing your own footwork, technique, accuracy, and feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, there are many additional things you can practice - depending on your own level. For low-level players, I suggest focusing on technique, footwork, and accuracy. For mid-level players, force yourself to work on the strokes you're less comfortable with e.g volleys, slices etc. Eliminating gaping weaknesses is the main obstacle to becoming a high(er)-level player. When you feel more-or-less comfortable everywhere in the court, work more on your feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a high-level player you will find it surprisingly difficult to play normally against much weaker opponents, since you'll have far less pace to work with. Given that you will have ample time to think on court, I suggest thinking about the mechanics of your strokes. From my experience, this is very helpful in quickly making the necessary adjustments against different players e.g lefties, big hitters, pace changers etc. Apart from this, you should know what it is you need to be working on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T10:38:36.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-14T17:59:48.063" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone remember a football or any other sport match when women's faced men's team, whether it is international or league or domestic match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T16:29:42.460" Title="Is there any occasion when women's team faced men's team in any sport match?" Tags="|football|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-08-31T12:00:23.987" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11868" CreationDate="2015-08-14T21:54:08.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was pretty sure I'd seen this mentioned before and Wikipedia supports it.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick,_Kerr%27s_Ladies_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dick Kerr's ladies&lt;/a&gt; who were an extremely famous and popular exhibition ladies team played some mens teams certainly whilst on a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick,_Kerr%27s_Ladies_F.C.#American_Tour_.281922.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tour of the US in 1922.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it certainly has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T21:54:08.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11871" CreationDate="2015-08-14T22:16:23.553" Score="2" ViewCount="888" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard the term before.  And I've looked it up in a number of ways.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm talking about the athlete's head shot that appears alongside his stats if it is shown quickly.  Not necessarily the animated ones they show on Monday Night Football.  I'm talking more about still photos, very small ones.  Ones that are typically used throughout a season, across a variety of media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, at the start of an MLB season, if a player will now be playing with a new team, frequently they will show this &quot;stock&quot; photo on file from last year, and the new uniform/hat will be photoshopped onto it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard the term.  It's certainly not 'stock'.  The term 'media guide' comes to mind, but there has got to be a better term for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T03:23:09.863" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T09:38:03.520" Title="What is the term for an athlete's headshot?" Tags="|terminology|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11870" CreationDate="2015-08-14T22:39:47.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Headshot&lt;/em&gt; is a common term, actually, but the term you're probably looking for is &lt;em&gt;publicity photo&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;PR photo&lt;/em&gt;.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://sabr.org/how-to/sources-for-images&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SABR's images page&lt;/a&gt; for example for use of both terms (Headshot and Publicity Photo).  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Publicity_photos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's page on the use of publicity photos&lt;/a&gt; for more detail (as the term is not unique to sports).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Headshot&lt;/em&gt; is definitely common, if not more common than &lt;em&gt;publicity photo&lt;/em&gt; as well.  For example, on &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/player/547874/hisashi-iwakuma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mlb.com's page for Hisashi Iwakuma&lt;/a&gt;, his headshot is called, indeed, a headshot in the html code:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;img alt=&quot;Hisashi Iwakuma&quot; class=&quot;player-headshot&quot; &#xA; src=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/images/players/head_shot/547874.jpg&quot; &#xA; data-src=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/images/players/head_shot/547874&quot;&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T09:38:03.520" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T09:38:03.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9143" CreationDate="2015-08-15T07:26:34.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonexusa.com/company/news/badminton/lee-chong-wei-crowned-his-fifth-yonex-open-japan-title/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yonex&lt;/a&gt; page, he has played with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonex.com/sports/badminton/products/badminton/racquets/nanoray-series/nanoray-750/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NANORAY 750&lt;/a&gt;, but seeing as how he lost the match, I don't know whether he still does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T07:26:34.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11863" CreationDate="2015-08-15T13:48:42.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tricky situation. Under baseball rules 7.08 (h) any runner is out when they pass another runner. However the runner never actually passes the other runner. So rule 7.10 (b) applies. In this case the first runner would be called out if a defensive player holding the ball were to tag the runner (who missed the bag) or third base.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9835" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T13:48:42.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11868" CreationDate="2015-08-15T16:29:42.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In preparation of international tournaments like the World Hockey League, Champions Trophy, World Championships or the Olympic Games, the Dutch women's field hockey team played several friendlies against male teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Against &lt;a href=&quot;http://nos.nl/video/648465-hockeysters-oranje-oefenen-tegen-mannen.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cartouche&lt;/a&gt; (Dutch, with video).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Against &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.omroepwest.nl/sport/17-05-2014/gelijkspel-hockeydames-oranje-tegen-mannen-hudito&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hudito&lt;/a&gt; (Dutch)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://denhaagfm.nl/2014/04/02/nederlandse-hockeysters-oefenen-tegen-mannenteams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This website&lt;/a&gt; (Dutch) reports also of a match against Klein Zwitserland.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T16:29:42.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11944" CreationDate="2015-08-15T17:26:04.893" Score="6" ViewCount="2369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I see a raider waits for Umpire whistle to start raiding, but sometimes the raider just goes into raiding without waiting for the Umpire. What's the rule governing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen some raiders just follow the opponent raider immediately and gets touch point. I don't understand this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6203" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T03:22:38.627" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T09:37:08.933" Title="When can a raider start riding in Kabaddi?" Tags="|rules|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11880" CreationDate="2015-08-15T19:21:34.513" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing some analysis on Jackie Robinson's career. I'm using both Retrosheet and Lahman's database in order get his performance per game and overall stats respectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that I see some discrepancies between these two data sources. Retrosheet game event files show that Robinson was CS 46 times between 1947 and 1950. However, Lahman database indicate that he was never caught stealing bases between these years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyone knows which source has the correct information and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Retrosheet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;##      year.file SB CS  SB.P&#xA;## 1  all1947.csv 29 11 0.725&#xA;## 2  all1948.csv 22 14 0.611&#xA;## 3  all1949.csv 37 16 0.698&#xA;## 4  all1950.csv 12  5 0.706&#xA;## 5  all1951.csv 25  8 0.758&#xA;## 6  all1952.csv 24  7 0.774&#xA;## 7  all1953.csv 17  4 0.810&#xA;## 8  all1954.csv  7  3 0.700&#xA;## 9  all1955.csv 12  3 0.800&#xA;## 10 all1956.csv 12  6 0.667&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lahman:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;## Source: local data frame [10 x 4]&#xA;## Groups: yearID&#xA;## &#xA;##    yearID SB CS  SB.P&#xA;## 1    1947 29  0 1.000&#xA;## 2    1948 22  0 1.000&#xA;## 3    1949 37  0 1.000&#xA;## 4    1950 12  0 1.000&#xA;## 5    1951 25  8 0.758&#xA;## 6    1952 24  7 0.774&#xA;## 7    1953 17  4 0.810&#xA;## 8    1954  7  3 0.700&#xA;## 9    1955 12  3 0.800&#xA;## 10   1956 12  5 0.706&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9836" LastEditorUserId="9836" LastEditDate="2015-08-16T04:23:52.987" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:15:40.543" Title="Jackie Robinson's Caught Stealing Totals" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11886" CreationDate="2015-08-16T01:04:39.463" Score="0" ViewCount="3884" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two part question really.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the formula for calculating DWar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as I understand it; it seems to rely on some stats that were historically considerably less stringently monitored than say home runs or hits.  If that's the case, does the accuracy of the stat dip exponentially after a given number of years back - is there a known cut-off line where the numbers stop being trustworthy?  Or is my assertion incorrect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T03:22:07.767" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T17:39:46.450" Title="Baseball and DWar" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|defense|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11878" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11879" CreationDate="2015-08-16T16:12:16.097" Score="4" ViewCount="1295" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question: If I used up my first serve, then am serving my second serve, and the ball hits the net and into the correct sector(meaning if the ball would hit that surface directly without hitting the net on the way, akka a valid serve) that is called &quot;nets&quot; ? The rule would have to be , me serving the first serve again, even though &quot;I've already served the first serve&quot; am I correct? What if nets happens again, be it on the first or second serve, do we have the same situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9682" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T16:44:09.097" Title="The call &quot;nets&quot; in tennis, details" Tags="|rules|tennis|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11878" CreationDate="2015-08-16T16:44:09.097" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule you're looking for is: ITF Rule 23 – “The Let”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all cases when a let is called, except when a service let is called on a second service, the whole point shall be replayed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation outlined in the question would be a 'service let' on the 2nd service as the ball touched the net before crossing it.  As a result you would remain on 2nd serve.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If something else had caused the let (for example a stray ball from another court) then the point would be replayed from 1st service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires often clarify the call by reiterating which service is being played.  For example &quot;Let - 2nd Service&quot; for the sake of clarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9837" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T16:44:09.097" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11876" CreationDate="2015-08-16T20:56:03.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure why some databases don't count the CS metric before 1950 as part of a player's career.  What is certain is that CS appear in the game log files. Kindly take a look at game log from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BRO/BRO194705070.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jackie got CS second base on the Bottom of the 1st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9836" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T14:15:40.543" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:15:40.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11881" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-08-17T03:22:49.203" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of kabaddi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information see: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaddi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-02-25T00:43:52.793" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T00:43:52.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11882" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-08-17T03:22:49.203" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of Kabaddi." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T03:22:49.203" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T03:22:49.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11883" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-17T03:45:54.000" Score="7" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is this fake player cutout thing called? It appears to be mesh. It looks like it's used simply as a visual point-of-reference for certain drills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see it being used in &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/footwork_king1/status/629765139475009536&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ktcIR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ktcIR.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9840" LastEditorUserId="20996" LastEditDate="2021-03-15T07:04:34.790" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T07:04:34.790" Title="What is this piece of training equipment called?" Tags="|american-football|equipment|terminology|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11877" CreationDate="2015-08-17T07:34:35.563" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the formula for calculating DWar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wins_Above_Replacement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is no clearly established formula for WAR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;does the accuracy of the stat dip exponentially after a given number of years back&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see no reason the accuracy would dip exponentially. That's a phrase with a very specific mathematical meaning, and I don't see a mechanism here that would produce an exponential change in the accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is there a known cut-off line where the numbers stop being trustworthy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if one existed, that would depend on exactly which (D)WAR formula you're using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T07:34:35.563" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11877" CreationDate="2015-08-17T17:39:46.450" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic formula for WAR is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;WAR = (Batting Runs + Base Running Runs + Fielding Runs + Positional Adjustment + League Adjustment +Replacement Runs) / (Runs Per Win)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different sources will have different ways of calculating these values. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball Reference (ESPN's source) uses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;bWAR:&#xA;    RS (Runs Scored) = Runs per Win + (mwRAA (a modified weighted runs above average) + Base Running Runs + Park Factor + Position Adjustment + Replacement Level) &#xA;    RA (Runs Allowed) = Runs per Win - DRS (Defensive Runs Saved) &#xA;    Win - Loss% (W-L%)= (RS^x)/(RS^x + RA^x)&#xA;        where RS = (league Runs/Game /2) + Player Offensive Runs&#xA;        RA = (league Runs/Game /2) - Player Defensive Runs Saved&#xA;        x = (Runs Per Game involving Player)^.285&#xA;    Runs Per Game involving Player = 53.6 * (League Runs Per Out + (Player Runs Batting + Player Runs Double Plays + Player Runs Base Running + Player Positional Adjustment - Player Fielding Runs)/(6 * Player Innings). &#xA;    Wins Above Average (WAA) = (W-L% - .500) * Player Games Played&#xA;    Wins Run Scoring Environment (WRSE) = Player Total Runs / ((2 * (league Runs/Game)^.715) - (2 * (Runs per Game involving Player)^.715))&#xA;    Wins Above Replacement bWAR = WAA + Wins Run Scoring Environment &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fangraphs uses: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;fWAR = (wRAA + UZR (Ultimate Zone Rating) + wSB (weighted Stolen Base runs) + UBR (Ultimate Base Running) + Positional Adjustment + League Adjustment + Replacement Level)/ Runs Per Win&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runs per win can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/guts.aspx?type=cn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To answer your first question.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;Extrapolating DWAR from fWAR is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;fDWAR = UZR / Runs Per Win &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an in depth analysis of how to calculate UZR see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/the-fangraphs-uzr-primer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can probably see extrapolating DWAR from bWAR is slightly more difficult. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;W-L% = ((League Runs/Game / 2)^(Runs/Game involving Player))/((League Runs/Game / 2)^(Runs/Game involving Player) + ((League Runs/Game / 2)- Player Defensive Runs)^(Runs/Game involving Player))&#xA;DWAA = (W-L% - .5) * Games Played&#xA;DWRSE = Player Defensive Runs / ((2 * (league Runs/Game)^.715) - (2 * (Runs per Game involving Player)^.715))&#xA;DWAR = DWAA + DWRSE&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an in depth analysis of how to calculate DRS see &lt;a href=&quot;http://fieldingbible.com/Fielding-Bible-FAQ.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To answer your second question&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;The stats used for modern defensive wins are circa 2002 (baseball reference uses them beginning in 2003) before this year TZR is used in place of UZR or DRS. TZR is a system devised by Sean Smith with a brief description &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/about/total_zone.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, which assigns hits by batters to position players based on the batted ball type and location. These have been reconstructed to a degree from historical play by play sources but the data becomes significantly more derived if only batted ball type and location of outs are available. So if you want to keep all things equal it is less fair to compare DWAR for players before 2003 with current stats, the further you go back the closer you will get to a point in which all of the stats are based on play by play data of varying quality.  To be fair box scores where of much greater quality in the early 20th century, compared with those from the 40's and on due to greater consumption of baseball over radio and more in depth written reviews. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say there is a point at which there is an exponential decay, especially because the brilliant folks who worked on these analysis have gone through painstaking steps to go back through history and try to correct their methods when glaring errors become apparent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note Caught stealing data can be found to be variable depending on the source of the data especially for baserunner. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/11876/jackie-robinsons-caught-stealing-totals&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; post. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9835" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T17:39:46.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10802" CreationDate="2015-08-17T22:01:26.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA Law 12 for Unsporting Behavior - A player is cautioned if he removes his jersey over his head or covers his head with his jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This law was already on the books but not really enforced until 2004 when FIFA decided to make it a mandatory yellow card.  It is offensive in some countries to bare your chest and it is considered disrespectful.  There is also a famous incident where Diego Forlan was unable to get his shirt back on before the kickoff.  FIFA determined that it was unnecessary and unsporting.  In addition, you can't wear masks or do anything else that covers your face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9499" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T22:01:26.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11890" CreationDate="2015-08-18T07:32:14.360" Score="7" ViewCount="4030" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often listen to the tennis matches that a left-handed has an advantage to play tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the reasons of this &quot;skill&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:25:57.467" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:25:57.467" Title="Is an advantage for a left-handed to play vs a right-handed tennis player?" Tags="|tennis|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11888" CreationDate="2015-08-18T12:22:43.067" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lefties play a style of tennis that is almost mirror image to that of a righty. For instance, their forehand (usually their stronger shot) is on the side of the court where a righty's backhand (usually their weaker shot) would be. When they hit a slice serve it curves to the receiver's left rather than their right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since lefties are fairly uncommon in the game, players get accustomed to the way that righties' serves curve toward or away from them, and they feel safe hitting to certain areas of the court (usually the backhand side of their opponent). Players form these habits playing righties, to the point where it is almost unconscious. When they play a lefty, they have to mentally override these tendencies, which can be difficult and lead to more unforced errors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another commonly brought up advantage that a lefty has is that their better serving side (when they serve across their body) is the ad side. This is where most of the important points of a match are played from (since the only time you can win a game on the deuce side is at 40-15; you can win a game from the ad side at 40-0, 40-30, or any ad point from deuce onward). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To prepare for playing a lefty, professional players will often practice with a lefty the day before or the day of their match. This allows them to get accustomed to returning their serve and how to construct points in baseline rallies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2015-08-18T12:22:43.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11906" CreationDate="2015-08-19T12:12:28.017" Score="1" ViewCount="1401" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given:&#xA;In the case a player x, from team A holds the disc. &#xA;Team A is on the offence, and team B is defending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How close can player y, from team B get to player x when attempting to block a pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:56:08.823" Title="How close can a player on the defending side get to the player holding the disc?" Tags="|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11883" CreationDate="2015-08-19T15:29:51.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a mannequin for skill training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it used in &lt;em&gt;football/soccer&lt;/em&gt; training to increase precision penalty (so is called &lt;strong&gt;(slave) defensive template barrier&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;american football&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;basketball&lt;/em&gt; is often easy to find it called as &lt;strong&gt;man defensive mannequin&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know if it exists a &quot;real&quot; name for it, but those are probably the easy denomination you can find for it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. commercial links &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spartansbasketballacademytt.com/equipment.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;basketball&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goals4sports.com/span%20style=color%20rgb%2858%2058%2058%29%20font-family%20comic%20sans%20ms%20font-size%2013px%20line-height%2016px%20white-space%20normal%20soccer_wall_pro_single_mannequin/span&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;soccer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-08-20T15:20:26.180" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T15:20:26.180" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-20T09:41:34.677" Score="3" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be &lt;strong&gt;an estimate&lt;/strong&gt; of costs for a season for a young (15-18 years) tennis player who wants to play only in Europe circuit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excluding revenue (sponsors / prize), what about the costs: transfers, accommodation (2 * / 3 * hotels), equipment, tournaments, training&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hypothesize transfers of 2/3/4 tournaments each to be repeated 2 or 3 times during the year with a coach or a parent in tow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T09:41:34.677" Title="What would be the cost of the season for a young tennis player?" Tags="|tennis|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8746" CreationDate="2015-08-21T04:48:14.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is simply because Ryan McDonaugh was not in the greatest position relative to the puck so rather than stopping the puck for a moment to position himself he got the shot off as quickly as possible in order to surprise Halák.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9864" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T06:38:28.700" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T06:38:28.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11901" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-21T06:19:21.480" Score="2" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have realized that it is very hard to play with red ball for the batsman like in test matches when he plays any unnecessary shot like from outside the off stump he gets out immediately.&lt;br&gt;The scenario is completely different with white ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9865" LastEditorUserId="9865" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T07:48:45.660" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T07:48:45.660" Title="Is their any difference between red and white ball?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-08-21T13:19:10.850" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11907" CreationDate="2015-08-21T06:51:34.800" Score="3" ViewCount="2132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a batsman out if his helmet, bat or any of his equipment slip away from him and hit the stumps?&lt;br&gt;It always confuses me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9865" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T16:00:06.117" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T16:00:06.117" Title="Is a batsman out when any of his things slip away and hit the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-08-24T13:27:07.283" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11902" CreationDate="2015-08-21T08:25:41.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it would be out hit wicket under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-35-hit-wicket/&quot;&gt;Law 35.1 (a)&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down/&quot;&gt;Law 28.1&lt;/a&gt; indicates that the wicket can be put down by the ball, the bat, any part of the bat becoming detached, the striker's person, or &quot;any part of his clothing or equipment becoming detached.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T08:25:41.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11905" CreationDate="2015-08-21T09:29:52.120" Score="4" ViewCount="393" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone tampers with the ball, they will banned for 2 matches because they have changed the natural condition of the ball. Why is rubbing the ball allowed as that also changes the &quot;natural condition&quot; of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9865" LastEditorUserId="9865" LastEditDate="2015-08-22T06:40:04.497" LastActivityDate="2015-08-22T06:40:04.497" Title="Why is rubbing the ball not considered ball tampering?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11904" CreationDate="2015-08-21T09:34:46.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered under Law 42, section 3 - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Any fielder may&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) polish the ball provided that no artificial substance is used and that such polishing wastes no time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) remove mud from the ball under the supervision of the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) dry a wet ball on a piece of cloth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) It is unfair for anyone to rub the ball on the ground for any reason, to interfere with any of the seams or the surface of the ball, to use any implement, or to take any other action whatsoever which is likely to alter the condition of the ball, except as permitted in (a) above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So polishing the ball on clothing, or using sweat, is perfectly ok. Other types of tampering are not permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T09:34:46.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11893" CreationDate="2015-08-21T11:42:06.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you have not indicated any particular rules set, I will use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wfdf.org/sports/rules-of-play/cat_view/26-rules-of-play/32-ultimate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Flying Disc Federation's rules&lt;/a&gt;. From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wfdf.org/sports/rules-of-play/doc_download/20-rules-of-ultimate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rules of Ultimate pdf&lt;/a&gt;, Article 18.1.1 states that marking infractions include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;18.1.1.3. “Disc Space” – any part of a defensive player is less than one disc diameter away from the torso of the thrower. However, if this situation is caused solely by movement of the thrower, it is not an infraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final sentence is very important. If the thrower pivots to e.g. as far right as they can go, the marker can stand just to the left of his torso, but a disc's width away. This then prevents the thrower pivoting back to the left &lt;em&gt;and is completely legal&lt;/em&gt;. I can't say I've ever experienced this in my own play though, either as marker or thrower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9868" LastEditorUserId="9868" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T15:56:08.823" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:56:08.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11902" CreationDate="2015-08-21T14:01:24.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer from Spinner, noting that &quot;any part of his clothing or equipment&quot; can cause a dismissal by Hit Wicket, is correct. I would just like to add a few examples of things that have actually fallen onto the batsman's wicket, causing the batsman to be out Hit Wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;dropped bat&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf_OyKOOa7U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This happened&lt;/a&gt; to Kumar Sangakkara in a match against India in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;helmet&lt;/strong&gt;. This has &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hox3YvJLSXs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;happened to Adam Parore&lt;/a&gt; after being hit by a short ball from Brett Lee, and to Kevin Pietersen, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTeSRp16xbk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;similarly dismissed&lt;/a&gt; by Dwayne Bravo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;cap&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/231414.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;A gust of wind&lt;/a&gt; blew the cap of Warwickshire's MJK Smith at Edgebaston onto his own wicket. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;glove&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/231414.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This happened&lt;/a&gt; to Alf Revill in 1953&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched for &quot;Hit Wicket shoe&quot; and &quot;Hit wicket Toupee&quot;, but couldn't find any reports, but they would of course also be covered by &quot;any part of his clothing or equipment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T14:01:24.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11910" CreationDate="2015-08-21T14:22:45.340" Score="1" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/11902/is-a-batsman-out-when-any-of-his-thing-slips-away-and-hit-the-stumps/11903&quot;&gt;from&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets suppose that a batsman is facing an over of spin, he/she has removed thier helmet and placed it behind the stumps for safe keeping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if, while the ball is in flight, an opposing player uses the helmet to put down the wicket? Would the batsman be out? Assuming not, which laws preclude this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9870" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:26:58.727" Title="What if an opposing player uses part of the Batsman's clothing to put down the wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11908" CreationDate="2015-08-21T15:26:58.727" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batting Team is not allowed to keep their helmets behind the wicket or any part of the ground. If the don't want the helmet they should send it back to the dressing room&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9871" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:26:58.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8562" CreationDate="2015-08-21T16:22:06.997" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;none of you guys get it do you.  The players come to live in America, play in the equally nice facilities, be a part of something huge emerging from its infancy, and also players all over the world hear stuff about mls not by the media but by word of fellow players who have come from Europe or South America. All the media talks about as well as you ignorant people is lampard villa Pirlo Drogba Gerrard keane kaka and whatever other quality but aging big paychecks. There's a whole lot more to it than those guys and if you only thought old farts were DPs you'd be wrong. The average DP age is 27 and the reason why the league is getting better is because of all the players from everywhere but Europe the league has signed. Once you go to Europe it's like you can't leave for mls or South America until your 30+ cause once your on a payroll of a European team your salary becomes unattainable. Nobody really talks about all the young mls stars because not enough people really even know who they are. A lot of them make modest amounts of money and were signed from a foreign club cheaply and developed or they were an academy product. South America exports many players to mls and young players from there seem to have no problem moving to mls for an important stage of their career. These players coupled with the first real crop of club academy talent emerging have accelerated the growth of the league and quietly built it up, making the level of play better and attractive to more worldwide superstars rather than just the occasional one previously. Also keep in mind NYCFC was just trying to sign the biggest possible names without regard to the future because they wanted to make a splash and put their brand out there. I'd imagine in a few years their DPs will be younger than 30. Bottom line is players all over the world realize something, it is subtle at the moment, you don't about mls. They are intrigued by its bright future and believe now or soon is the right time. The players who have already made the jump are getting their phones blown up by former teammates with questions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9874" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T16:22:06.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11921" CreationDate="2015-08-21T23:09:00.403" Score="3" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching Hard Knocks featuring the Houston Texans.  I watch the NFL draft every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears to me that the Texans are mainly focusing on defense.  I understand that the defense is great, but it seems to me that they are not focusing enough on offense.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know why the Texans drafted a defense player in the first round instead of drafting a QB or a WR? I have been watching NFL network for analysis and have been checking Texans websites and there are no explanations.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody have any info on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastEditorUserId="9820" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T17:27:23.957" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T18:43:32.643" Title="Why did the Houston Texans select a defensive player in the 2015 draft?" Tags="|nfl|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11915" CreationDate="2015-08-22T10:05:01.977" Score="6" ViewCount="555" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are times when the third umpire is unable to come to a firm conclusion about a decision, even after the use of multiple replays, hotspot, etc. What should happen in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9865" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:24:31.973" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:24:31.973" Title="What happens if the third umpire is unable to come to a firm conclusion?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11914" CreationDate="2015-08-22T10:29:33.397" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two different scenarios here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The on field umpires refer a decision to the third umpire because they are unsure of the correct decision. In this case, the benefit of the doubt goes to the batsman, which generally means &quot;not out&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third umpire is brought into play after the use of a DRS review by one of the teams. In this case, the third umpire must have conclusive evidence to overrule the on field umpires, so if the third umpire is unsure, the decision made on the field stands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/91/rules-and-regulations/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Appendix 1 (Decision Review System), Sections 2 (Umpire Review) and 3 (Player Review).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-22T21:38:28.940" LastActivityDate="2015-08-22T21:38:28.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11917" CreationDate="2015-08-23T13:14:30.657" Score="3" ViewCount="1422" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would the hair have a cushion effect that makes them have more grip and control of the ball in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9879" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-24T13:20:46.790" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T13:20:46.790" Title="Does having an afro hairstyle have an advantage in doing headers?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11916" CreationDate="2015-08-23T15:28:40.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, the last thing you want when heading the ball is more cushioning as that equals less power - as a defensive header, you want it going as far downfield as possible, and as an attacking header you again want it going as fast as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T15:28:40.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11916" CreationDate="2015-08-24T09:19:14.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a perfect header, the ball is played to the forhead. As far as I know, there is no player with an afro on his forhead (or hair at least). Most players, with long hair, use auxiliaries, such as hair bands, so that the vision is not impaired by the face falling hair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T09:19:14.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11912" CreationDate="2015-08-24T09:43:26.607" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TLDR&lt;/strong&gt;: There was a  cornerback they liked a lot available at pick no. 16, so they picked him&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Texans were limited in what they could do in the 2015 draft regarding quarterback, having finished 2014 with a 9-7 record, giving them the 16th pick in the first round. They were one of several teams without a dependable quarterback, but were drafting for instance behind the Buccaneers (1), Titans (2), Redskins (5), Jets (6) and Browns (12), who all could have used a quarterback. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two highest-rated quarterbacks, Jameis Winston and Marcus Mariota were gone in the first two picks, and trading up into one of the top 2 spots would have been very expensive, if not impossible. No other quarterback was drafted until the third round (Garrett Grayson by the Saints with pick 75) so it would not have crossed their minds to pick any other QB at nr. 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about other offensive picks? The 20th overall pick Nelson Agholor (Eagles) was still available had they wanted. Obviously the Texans were in the market for a WR, as they picked Jaelen Strong in round 3 and Keith Mumphery in round 5.  Why did they prefer to pick CB Kevin Johnson in round 1? This is a question that only the Texan's GM, coach, and scouts could really answer. The answers they gave the press are full of praise for their first-round pick, but of course we knew that already, as otherwise they wouldn't have taken him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, &lt;a href=&quot;http://media.houstontexans.com/article_print.cfm?article_id=1955&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here are the quotes&lt;/a&gt; of the post first-round media interviews:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GM Rick Smith&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He was by far my favorite corner in the draft. When&#xA;  you talk about just a complete football player in our opinion, this guy is an intelligent guy, he’s&#xA;  smart, he’s tough, he can cover, he’s versatile, he plays on, he plays off, he’s got great&#xA;  instincts, and great play on the ball. In Indy, we really liked him in the room. We thought he&#xA;  was a good man and just enjoyed his career. He’s another guy that has a career there. He’s a&#xA;  three­year starter there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coach Bill O'Brien&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We’re really happy where it’s at right now. We feel really good about&#xA;  the corner position, specifically after tonight with the addition of&#xA;  Kevin (Johnson). We have two really good veteran corners in Johnathan&#xA;  (Joseph) and Kareem (Jackson) that he can learn behind. He’ll come in&#xA;  and compete right away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T18:43:32.643" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T18:43:32.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11922" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-24T12:58:45.183" Score="4" ViewCount="1142" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8 ball pool, what is the penalty if I play my group ball and another one of my group balls falls into the pocket without being touched?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9882" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-07-10T04:14:55.490" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T04:14:55.490" Title="Eight-ball or black ball pool rules" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11925" CreationDate="2015-08-24T17:45:58.753" Score="1" ViewCount="1533" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose player1 is got runout and player2 is also out of the line then can we get player2's wicket too by hitting the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9865" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T19:02:21.317" Title="Can we get two run outs in one ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11924" CreationDate="2015-08-24T19:02:21.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. As soon as a batsman is out, the ball is dead so there is no way to get two run outs in one ball. The only exception is to get a &quot;regular&quot; run out on a ball, and then to run out the non-striker backing up (&quot;Mankading&quot;) before the next ball is delivered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T19:02:21.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11922" CreationDate="2015-08-25T04:59:34.747" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules as defined at &lt;a href=&quot;http://upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UPA&lt;/a&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.5 Hanging Ball&#xA;  If an object ball hangs in a pocket and drops in 5 seconds or less after coming to complete rest by the hole, the ball is considered to be pocketed. If a hanging ball drops in the pocket after being at rest for more than 5 seconds, the ball is returned to the original position on the edge, and the incoming player may begin his/her inning. Both players will have the opportunity to argue their case. The referee’s decision is final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.6 Suspended Balls&#xA;  If one or more balls become suspended in a pocket beyond the edge of the slate because it is partially supported by other pocketed balls, it is considered pocketed if the removal of the supporting ball(s) would cause the supported/suspended ball(s) to fall into the pocket. Tournament officials are the sole judges of whether this rule applies to any situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.7 Settling Into Place&#xA;  A ball may settle slightly after it appears to have stopped, possibly due to slight imperfections in the cloth or table slate. Unless this causes a ball to fall into a pocket, it is considered a normal hazard of play and will not be moved back. If a ball falls into a pocket as a result of such settling, it is replaced as close as possible to its original position on the lip of the pocket. If a ball falls into a pocket during or just prior to a shot and it has an effect on the shot, the referee will restore the ball to its original position and the shot will be replayed. Players are not penalized for shooting while a ball is settling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So no foul is committed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastActivityDate="2015-08-25T04:59:34.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12782" CreationDate="2015-08-25T15:59:54.870" Score="4" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case you are unfamiliar with the real life rendition of quidditch, it's a 10-years-old sport that is quickly spreading globally.&#xA;The most updated international rules can be found on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://iqaquidditch.org/rulebook.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Quidditch Association website&lt;/a&gt;, but I will provide a quick recap of the relevant rules. I am ignoring the element of play represented by Snitch and Seeker as they would only be marginally relevant to my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How the sport works (in 1 minute)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 Chasers per team + 1 Keeper per team have the goal of scoring through the opponent's 3 hoops/goals with the quaffle (volleyball) and defending their own hoops.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 Beaters per team use bludgers (dodgeballs) - of which there are 3 in total to grant that each team can have possession of 1+ bludgers - to temporarily eliminate (&quot;beat&quot; or &quot;knock out&quot;) opponents.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every player must hold a broom with their hands and/or legs at all times.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How a player can be eliminated from play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In certain situations, a player can be considered &quot;dismounted&quot;: when this happens, they are required to run back to their goals before they can re-enter play. Until that happens they must not interact with play. As a reference, the 2 goal lines where hoops are situated are 33m from each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is considered dismounted when one of the following occurs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are hit by a bludger thrown or propelled by an opponent beater -&#xA;the defending Keeper is immune to this effect while in their own&#xA;keeper zone (think football/soccer's penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They dismount their own broom - the broom is no longer held, or no&#xA;part of it is between the player's legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They commit a foul whose corresponding penalty is sending the player&#xA;back to their own hoops&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first situation is by far the most common, but all three constitute a complexity in play design that is not so strongly present in any other sport of my knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impact on play design&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the quaffle carrier being beat often implies a loss of possession, and a strong numeric and positional superiority from the defence often results in a reset by the attack, in all other cases play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen and/or recurred to two main approaches to this particular aspect of the game in design of plays:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider &lt;strong&gt;worst case scenario&lt;/strong&gt; only for the team executing the play -&#xA;opponent in possession of 2 bludgers, if an opponent beater tries to hit someone they will succeed and viceversa, etc. - and best case scenario for the opponents&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider &lt;strong&gt;all relevant subsets&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;of the initial play caused by the elimination of 1 or more players,&#xA;and develop them as independent plays&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) is not necessarily employable in all situations because it only allows for a limited number of options and can't fully account for plays where players are used as &quot;bait&quot; for beaters, for instance, and more generally still needs to rely on 2) as the opposing team has more than one option on if/who/when/where to attempt a beat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) is not entirely applicable if not with a more or less big margin of semplification: it's not only dependent on which combination of players is eliminated from play, but also from the exact moment when a player is eliminated, especially in plays with a high number of phases (think basketball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Do you know a &lt;strong&gt;more effective approach&lt;/strong&gt; from another sport, or can you suggest a better approach, &lt;strong&gt;to simplify and improve play design in quidditch, in relation to the possibility of players being eliminated from play&lt;/strong&gt; for a relevant amount of time by the opposing team?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastEditorUserId="3490" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T07:40:47.670" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T00:56:21.357" Title="How to manage the temporary elimination of players in the design of plays for (real-life) quidditch?" Tags="|strategy|quidditch|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11932" CreationDate="2015-08-25T17:50:12.937" Score="6" ViewCount="1657" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the scoring system in US open differ from other majors and normal ATP/WTA turnaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understading is this: In ATP they go best of five sets like French Open etc. but have a tie break after 6-6 in each sets like any other non-major tournament. Except for qualification where they play like any other ATP tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In WTA they play just like any other WTA tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9886" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T14:29:47.760" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:29:47.760" Title="US open scoring system" Tags="|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11930" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11931" CreationDate="2015-08-26T02:03:21.500" Score="6" ViewCount="6440" Body="&lt;p&gt;To put it simply: do own goals count as part of a hat trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T10:11:23.587" LastActivityDate="2021-09-25T17:41:20.187" Title="If a player has 3 goals, but one of them is own goal, is it called a hat trick?" Tags="|statistics|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11930" CreationDate="2015-08-26T06:57:08.700" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually a Hat-Trick is an informal term, and can be defined by whoever is speaking/writing. So if it was a team-mate you might go for humour and say &quot;Our Striker scored a hat-trick .... but unfortunately one was at the wrong end&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a journalist might call it &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2261884/Jon-Walters-scored-goals--players-WORSE.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an imperfect hat-trick&lt;/a&gt;&quot; , or a special hat-trick, or a hat-trick by majority verdict, or a hat-trick of sorts, or whatever they feel best fits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if this term ever needs to be defined in an official way, maybe as part of a sponsor's prize, or for betting, then I'm sure the answer will be no. For example, the betting exchange &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.betfair.com/aboutUs/Sportsbook.Rules.And.Regulations/#sportsbookpartc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Betfair defines&lt;/a&gt; it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For ‘Tournament Hat-trick’ markets, extra-time is included, however penalty shoot-outs and &lt;strong&gt;own goals are not included&lt;/strong&gt;. In the event of any dispute as to who has scored any goal we will follow the decision made by the relevant governing body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T06:57:08.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11928" CreationDate="2015-08-26T06:57:15.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the non-major tournaments (so all tournaments except the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open) - both the ATP and WTA plays best of 3 sets. During the majors, the men play best of 5 sets and the women still play best of 3 sets. In the 4 majors, the 5th set (for men, 3rd set for women) must be won by a margin of 2 games, rather than a tie break - except for the US Open. The US Open plays a tie break at the end of the 5th set (or 3rd set for women) instead of a margin of 2 games. That is the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T06:57:15.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10308" CreationDate="2015-08-26T13:58:00.387" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The statistic you are discussing is Plus/Minus per minute, or per 48 minutes, as @MichaelMyers stated in the comments.  It is also called Net Rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This forms one component of one of the earliest advanced stats for the NBA, the Simple Rating (or Roland Rating, after Roland Beech, who developed it and has since worked for a number of NBA teams.)  See the column &quot;On Court/Off Court - Net&quot; at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.82games.com/1415/ROLRTG7.HTM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;82games.com Simple Rating Page&lt;/a&gt; for the results of the 2014/15 NBA season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as mentioned in the comments above, this stat is highly dependent on who else is on the floor, and if there is a lot of collinearity (&quot;I always play with LeBron&quot;, like @MichaelMyers says) then the stat is not very useful.  Most teams structure their lineups with large amounts of collinearity, with certain players usually playing together (like the starters), so this is a huge issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The natural progression of this stat was to adjust for who else was on the floor, and to try to split the credit up.  This is the genesis of pure Adjusted Plus/Minus, which was originally developed by Wayne Winston and Jeff Sagarin (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/apr/13/20040413-121657-1462r/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Numbers Game&lt;/a&gt;) and then refined by Dan Rosenbaum &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.82games.com/comm30.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Measuring how NBA Players Help Their Teams Win)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further progression to again try to deal with the statistics issues (collinearity in particular) led to Regularized Adjusted Plus/Minus (RAPM) and then to Real Plus/Minus (RPM), and the research in that area continues to move forward--but that is outside the scope of this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9885" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T15:38:07.020" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T15:38:07.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11934" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-26T14:21:09.700" Score="7" ViewCount="1124" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman successfully completes a run but then jumps to avoid the ball, and the ball then hits the stumps while the batsman is in the air, is the batsman out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9891" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T20:08:03.390" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T20:09:15.823" Title="Can a batsman be run out if he jumps to avoid the ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11938" CreationDate="2015-08-26T16:02:17.333" Score="7" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more known and less atypical example of this would be the United Kingdom and Ireland, who divide - or merge in the case of the Irish rugby team - countries in different ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a much more unorthodox example in Lacrosse, where the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Nationals&quot;&gt;Iroquois nationals&lt;/a&gt; take part in the World championship and consistently ranks among the top 5 teams in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does any other sport feature unrecognized nations, autonomous regions, single states/regions/lands out of a &quot;composite&quot; country, unions of multiple countries and/or regions, ...?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please focus mainly on major tournaments hosted by international federations, as I am aware of teams such as the Catalonian or Basque national teams, to draw an example from football, or the British and Irish lions in rugby, playing in friendly competitions and organizations other than the primary federation allowing such teams to participate. Although if you are aware of these and want to include them in your answer, I would find it just as interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T07:56:03.187" Title="&quot;Atypical&quot; nations recognized in sports" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11934" CreationDate="2015-08-26T17:31:47.750" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman is not out. The exact situation is explained by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot;&gt;law 38&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-batsman-out-of-his-ground/&quot;&gt;law 29.1.b&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As he has made good his ground and then happens to be in the air after doing so, which by the definition of running he must be he will be not out.  This was brought in after the slow motion replays started showing batsmen with both feet in the air despite being in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, law 38.2.a.i allows the batsmen to leave his ground to avoid injury after making good his ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T20:09:15.823" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T20:09:15.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11936" CreationDate="2015-08-26T20:28:04.440" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most famous example of all is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team&quot;&gt;West Indies cricket team&lt;/a&gt; who have won many international series and tournaments. Other than that, the Māori people of New Zealand have had various &quot;international&quot; representation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks&quot;&gt;Māori All Blacks&lt;/a&gt; have entered various international rugby union tournaments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_league_team&quot;&gt;New Zealand Māori rugby league team&lt;/a&gt; have entered various international tournaments, including the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Rugby_League_World_Cup&quot;&gt;2000 Rugby League World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_cricket_team&quot;&gt;New Zealand Māori cricket team&lt;/a&gt; entered and won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifica_Cup#2001_tournament&quot;&gt;2001 Pacifica Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the indigenous people of Australia (Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders) form an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_All_Stars_(rugby_league)&quot;&gt;All Stars rugby league team&lt;/a&gt; which plays an annual match against the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rugby_League&quot;&gt;NRL&lt;/a&gt; All Stars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T21:08:08.277" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T21:08:08.277" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-08-26T20:28:04.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10747" CreationDate="2015-08-27T00:49:36.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Downhill mountain biking is definitely a dangerous genre because of the speed, the obstacles and the elements you should pass through. On the second hand, it is the most exciting, fun and self improving sport. I have tried various extreme sports (Snowboarding, wakeboarding, surfing, kite surfing, skiing and some more..) and this one satisfied me the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Things to do before starting DH on a regular basis:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Buy all the protection accessories that you need: Full-Face Helmet, Goggles (are much better then glasses), Gloves, Knee Guards (you can buy it with shin guard), Cycling shoes (for better handling, very important!), Neck brace (recommended for higher speeds and jumps) and for the beginning I would recommend a kind of Pressure suit for the whole upper body.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kids learn very fast but still it's important to go step by step and not diving into extreme trails before you know the basics. Start riding some Cross-country / All-mountain trails and after gaining some experience try to go and ride a downhill track.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think that taking a few private lessons with a MTB guide will give your kid the basic skills and put him on the right way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you think that it can be too early for your son (and it can be), you can look for some group courses for children that ride together with a guide on a regular basis. If you have DH tracks in your area than you should have groups and guides also. And I didn't mention it because its obvious - never let him ride alone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kids get injured much less than adults do but still it is important to explain them that they shouldn't take unnecessary risks. They should progress at their own pace and be careful when comparing themselves with their friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, this is the ultimate sport! You meet great people, learn how to overcome obstacles, you get fit, and all this is in the nature! And there are many more advantages. I would recommend you also read some articles about mountain biking, it's great and very interesting! &#xA;And how could I forget?! Buy a DH bike!!! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope that was helpful, sorry for my bad English (I am Israeli and I'm practicing it :)) and feel free to contact me privately for more questions :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ILAN.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9893" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-03-21T21:14:52.113" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T21:14:52.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11940" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-27T13:38:26.423" Score="6" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;why would a team place a player on waivers and then IR as opposed to placing him directly on IR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9896" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-05-26T00:33:53.207" LastActivityDate="2021-05-26T00:33:53.207" Title="Injured reserve or waiver wire then injured reserve" Tags="|american-football|injuries|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11940" CreationDate="2015-08-27T14:23:07.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nationalfootballpost.com/injured-reserve-rules-need-an-overhaul/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Waived/Injured: When a team waives an injured player any other team may claim him. If a player clears waivers the player is immediately reverted to IR or the team will negotiate an injury settlement to allow the player to pursue other opportunities with another club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Injury settlement: Instead of putting the waived/injured player on the IR for the rest of the season a team will negotiate an injury settlement if the player has a chance of returning from the injury in that season. Once a settlement is reached that player is released and free to pursue another team. The amount of the settlement is based upon the number of weeks the player is “estimated” to be unable to play. This comes in the form of a team doctor’s opinion and a second opinion doctor of the player. For example if a player is estimated by the team doctor to be out 5 weeks but the second opinion doctor believes it could take up to 8 weeks, the agent will seek to have the player paid for as close to the 8 weeks as possible, 8/17th’s of his total year’s salary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically, they put them on waivers to see if any other team would want to claim them, take a chance on an injured player, etc.  If not they keep them on the IR or reach a settlement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T14:23:07.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11942" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11946" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:22:05.877" Score="2" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Test cricket, Allan Border played 153 consecutive Tests, the most of any player to date (September 2015). Which bowler has played most consecutive Test Matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T10:08:23.597" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T10:08:23.597" Title="Which bowler has played the most consecutive Test Matches?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11875" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:36:54.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two cases here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Raider can go immediately to the opposition court if the opponent raider had a empty ride.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But if the opponent raider gets touch point then the raider needs to wait till one person from opposition bench to join the defense. If he tries to raid before the opposition team member joins the team then the Umpire will whistles and asks the raider to start the raid again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T09:36:54.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11875" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:37:08.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A defender following a raider into the opposite court is called Pursuit. Defenders cannot pursue when they feel like it, there are some rules to be followed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prokabaddi.com/prokabaddi-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;General Rules of Play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;viii. &lt;strong&gt;After a raider has reached his court, the opponents shall send&#xA;  their raider within 5 seconds.&lt;/strong&gt; Each side shall continue to send their&#xA;  raider until the end of the game in this fashion. In case the raider&#xA;  fails to start his raid within 5 seconds the team loses its chance to&#xA;  raid and the opponent team is awarded a technical point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ix. &lt;strong&gt;When a struggle takes place in a raid, on completion of such&#xA;  raid,&lt;/strong&gt; Rule viii (above) will not be applicable. &lt;strong&gt;The next raid will&#xA;  start on the whistle of the referee after the out players have been&#xA;  seated in the out box.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;x. &lt;strong&gt;If a raider, who is caught by one or more defenders, escapes from&#xA;  their attempt to hold and reaches his court safely, he shall not be&#xA;  pursued.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a. Note: But if a raider touches one of more defenders and reaches his&#xA;  court safely, he may be pursued.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;strong&gt;rule ix.&lt;/strong&gt;, after raids in which a struggle took place, defender is not allowed to enter the opposite court until the referee blows the whistle, so he has to wait for the referee's whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;strong&gt;rule x.&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;rule x. a.&lt;/strong&gt;, a defender may pursue a raider if raider returns to his court after touching one or more defenders, but not if he escaped from a struggle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than these cases, a defending team has to send a raider within 5 seconds, they don't wait for the referee's signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T09:37:08.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11942" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:48:26.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on how you define a bowler - Border has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/4174.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;39 test wickets&lt;/a&gt;, so he could qualify! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283652.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cricinfo appearances list&lt;/a&gt;, the first player not primarily identified as a batsman (that I can see) is Garfield Sobers, who was an all-rounder. The first primary bowler I can see is Anil Kumble (not Glenn McGrath as previously stated). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this is from a quick scan of the list, and opinions may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-08-31T08:30:54.227" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T08:30:54.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11942" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:49:45.900" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, from the list of most consecutive test match appearances (&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283652.html&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;), filtering out the specialist batsmen and all-rounders, we get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anil Kumble&lt;/strong&gt;, who played in India's &lt;strong&gt;60&lt;/strong&gt; consecutive tests between 18 Oct 1992 and 2 Mar 2000. He is at 33rd position on the list. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we include all rounders under bowlers, the &quot;winner&quot; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sir Gary Sobers&lt;/strong&gt;, who played in West Indies'  &lt;strong&gt;85&lt;/strong&gt; consecutive tests between 11 Apr 1955 and   20 Apr 1972.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T09:49:45.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5250" CreationDate="2015-08-28T10:18:41.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, Penalty Shootouts are different from Penaly Kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty Shootouts are played after the full 90 minutes &amp;amp; extra time. Penalty kicks scored here by the player will not be added to his goal tally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty Kicks are awarded by fouling an opposition player inside your penalty box. The goal scored by the player will be credited to him, because it inside the 90 minute play or the extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="577" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T10:18:41.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11956" CreationDate="2015-08-28T11:23:35.813" Score="7" ViewCount="6100" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to find a resource where I can find the results for historic tennis games, where the match statistics are broken down within each set. The ATP website gives a breakdown for the entire match e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/tournaments/wimbledon/540/2015/match-stats/D643/F324/live/MS001/match-stats&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Wimbledon 2015 Final&quot;&gt;Wimbledon 2015 Final&lt;/a&gt;, but I would like to know the same statistics broken down by set (or even by game if possible). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9900" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T04:08:22.960" Title="Tennis Statistics By Sets and Games" Tags="|tennis|statistics|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-03-27T18:49:01.170" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11950" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-28T12:01:38.213" Score="5" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the light of Liverpool being drawn alongside Rubin Kazan in the Europa League, most news websites are terming it as a difficult or tricky tie. Similar things have been said in past for the Champions League when teams are drawn alongside any Russian club. But very few Russian league players are ever signed on by top sides. So why are Russian clubs considered to be tough teams to play compared to other European clubs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9901" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T16:01:25.460" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T16:01:25.460" Title="Why is Russia considered a tricky destination for European football cup ties?" Tags="|football|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11950" CreationDate="2015-08-28T12:31:33.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is tricky fixture. Because of many reasons,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A long travel for the away fixture is a headache.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The long travel doubles the headache, as the UCL or Europa fixtures will be played during the Mid-Week. Its too hard for the team, as they'll be too tired&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And most importantly, it in Russia. It'll be very very cold. They might even have to play in snow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="577" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T12:31:33.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11950" CreationDate="2015-08-28T13:24:45.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a bit of an opinionated question actually, but I'll give it a go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Niranjan's answer focus is with the practical side of the story, in the end it will be decided on the pitch so I'll stick to the game part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams are divided in 4 drawing pots based on their UEFA club coëfficient, Rubin Kazan was in Pot 1, Liverpool in Pot 2. This means the average performance of Kazan over the last 4-5 seasons was better than Liverpool's.&#xA;Rubin Kazan has 45.576 points where as Liverpool has only 32.006. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, these coefficients tell more about the past than the present to be honest, but it gives a fair view on their performances in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have England, Germany and Spain. Below them you've got France, Italy closely followed by Portugal and Russia. Russian teams like Kazan will lose to Chelsea, City,... Liverpool is not on the same level, so Kazan at home will make it very difficult for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will most people say Liverpool has a better team than Rubin Kazan if you put each player from both sides next to each other? Probably. But that does not make it true. Same thing goes for what you read in the media btw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why Russian league players are rarely signed by European top flight clubs, I'm going with money. Russian clubs pay very good money for their star players. Besides the money not many Russian players seem to be attracted to go play abroad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T13:24:45.083" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11953" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-28T21:21:02.810" Score="7" ViewCount="1155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the women's long jump at the 2015 Beijing world athletics championship, and don't understand why they keep using the phrase, &quot;It's a fast track so some of the girls are struggling with it.&quot; Surely the track is the same length as other tracks? It has to be flat, so it would not be down hill. I can't understand what would make it faster then other tracks. Is it simply that there is a strong back wind pushing them forward thus adding more momentum?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9905" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2016-02-09T20:22:47.657" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T20:22:47.657" Title="What does the term it's a fast track mean in regards to the long jump track?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11953" CreationDate="2015-08-29T03:02:19.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a really good &lt;a href=&quot;https://coachjoeenglish.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/track-and-field-what-makes-a-track-faster-or-slow/&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on this subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a track is designed for Olympic competition, the designers are&#xA;  going to make the track as “fast” as possible — &lt;strong&gt;which usually means&#xA;  that the track will provide a great deal of grip, but will be as hard&#xA;  as possible to allow the runners, especially sprinters, get the best&#xA;  push-off from the track.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now there’s one other trade-off that needs to be made. Sprinters&#xA;  typically want the track as hard as possible, while distance runners&#xA;  would like to see a bit softer surface. Sprinters are only on the&#xA;  track for a matter of seconds in their races, so they would prefer a&#xA;  very hard surface to get the most speed out of the track. Distance&#xA;  runners are racing on the track longer and would prefer more cushion.&#xA;  When the designers sit down to create the running surface, they need&#xA;  to decide if they’re going to make a preference toward sprinters or&#xA;  distance runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Anecdotally speaking, I’ve heard that some Olympic tracks — like&#xA;  Atlanta’s– were designed more with sprinters in mind so while many&#xA;  sprint records were set there, distance runners felt a little beat-up&#xA;  after racing on it. In Barcelona, I heard the opposite, that the&#xA;  distance runners really liked the track, but the sprinters didn’t feel&#xA;  it was fast enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So the Bird’s Next in Beijing? &lt;strong&gt;If you’re hearing that the track is&#xA;  “very fast”, you can probably read that to mean “very hard” — and very&#xA;  favorable to sprinters.&lt;/strong&gt; As we see lots of world records fall, like&#xA;  Usain Bolt’s world record in the 100M, it is probably an indication of&#xA;  a great surface for sprinters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastEditorUserId="9820" LastEditDate="2015-08-29T06:48:27.417" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T06:48:27.417" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4054" CreationDate="2015-08-29T05:17:28.467" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a great &lt;a href=&quot;http://autocww.colorado.edu/~flc/E64ContentFiles/Sports/Bobsledding.html&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; regarding this subject&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The most critical part of a bobsled run is its start. Teams focus on&#xA;  explosive starts because momentum at that point strongly affects the&#xA;  sled’s speed throughout the course. Saving one-tenth of a second&#xA;  during the start often translates to saving one-third of a second on&#xA;  the run as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To set the bobsled in motion, team members sprint while pushing the&#xA;  sled forward. They run for about 50 m (164 ft) and then leap into the&#xA;  sled just before the first turn, assuming streamlined positions for&#xA;  the remainder of the run. The driver occupies the front position and&#xA;  steers the sled. The brakeman, in the rear position, operates the&#xA;  brake. &lt;strong&gt;On a four-man bobsled the two middle sledders contribute&#xA;  mostly during the start, although they also shift their weight during&#xA;  turns.&lt;/strong&gt; On the course, drivers try to steer through the turns&#xA;  smoothly and to prevent the sled from skidding into the walls. The&#xA;  greatest challenge is to maintain a tight line on the banked curves,&#xA;  not allowing the sled to drift high up the turn. After the finish, the&#xA;  brakeman pulls up on the brake to stop the sled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The basic techniques used in two-man and four-man bobsledding are the same, but because four-man sleds have two extra sledders, they are&#xA;  faster. They gain power from the extra push provided by the middle&#xA;  sledders at the start, the sledders’ additional weight, and the&#xA;  increased weight of a larger sled. The increased speed and weight make&#xA;  four-man sleds harder to steer than two-man sleds.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bobsled competitions involve training runs and two or four heats, with&#xA;  the lowest combined time winning. Racers often use the training runs&#xA;  to experiment with different strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastEditorUserId="9820" LastEditDate="2015-08-29T06:07:05.683" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T06:07:05.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11949" CreationDate="2015-08-29T14:08:37.133" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most detailed publicly available professional tennis match dataset I'm aware of can be found on a website called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;tennisabstract&lt;/a&gt; run by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.heavytopspin.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jeff Sackmann&lt;/a&gt;. For the information you are interested in I recommend checking out the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/charting/meta.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;detailed match reports&lt;/a&gt;, which are compiled as part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sloansportsconference.com/?p=15758&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;match charting project&lt;/a&gt;. The &quot;point-by-point&quot; description of a match tells you everything that occurred during each point (including the kind and placement of each shot the players hit). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While they don't have reports on &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; recent match, they do have 507 mens matches and 546 women's matches; some charted matches date back as far as the 1980's, but the records are heavily weighted toward matches after 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The charted matches can be found in a form more amenable to comprehensive analysis on &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sackmann's GitHub page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="626" LastEditDate="2015-08-29T14:29:44.173" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T14:29:44.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11958" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-30T09:29:54.710" Score="5" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, if a throw to the stumps hits the wicketkeeper's helmet, will penalty runs be awarded even if the throw wasn't traveling to the boundary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9907" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-30T10:24:29.143" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T10:24:29.143" Title="Will penalty runs be awarded if a throw to the stumps hits a helmet?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11958" CreationDate="2015-08-30T10:23:56.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 41.3&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a protective helmet belonging to the fielding side is on the ground within the field of play, and the ball while in play strikes it, the ball shall become dead and [...] 5 penalty runs shall then be awarded to the batting side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no mention in the Laws as to where the ball may or may not be travelling at the time the helmet is struck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T10:23:56.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-30T15:29:13.227" Score="5" ViewCount="34684" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, can a batsman be out stumped from a no ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9910" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-08-30T18:16:37.433" LastActivityDate="2023-07-10T14:32:29.257" Title="Can a batsman be stumped from a no ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11961" CreationDate="2015-08-30T18:09:42.120" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot;&gt;Law 24&lt;/a&gt; covers no ball - section 16 states that a batsman can only be out in the following ways off a no ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;handled the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;run out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;obstructing the field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hit the ball twice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so a stumping doesn't count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T18:09:42.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11963" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11965" CreationDate="2015-08-30T22:45:59.133" Score="10" ViewCount="36194" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the ball is being bounced by the goalkeeper from his hands and a player steals it &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; touching the goalkeeper (while the goalkeeper is not touching the ball) and scores, is it legal or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9913" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-11-14T07:01:45.250" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T21:22:09.993" Title="Can a soccer player steal the ball while the goalkeeper bounces it on the ground?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4054" CreationDate="2015-08-31T02:53:09.617" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is another article that provides some additional content (&lt;a href=&quot;http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/snow-sports/bobsled2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/snow-sports/bobsled2.htm&lt;/a&gt;) - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add to the answer below, another difference has to do with the weight of the sled.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each type of bob [sled] has a minimum weight when empty and a maximum&#xA;  weight with bobsledders and their equipment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Weight limits for bobsleds are: Two-man: minimum 384 pounds (170&#xA;  kilograms) when empty, maximum 860 pounds (390 kilograms) with crew&#xA;  and equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two-woman: minimum 284 pounds (129 kilograms) when empty, maximum 750&#xA;  pounds (340 kilograms) with crew and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Four-man: minimum 463 pounds (210 kilograms) when empty, maximum 1,389&#xA;  pounds (630 kilograms) with crew and equipment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Heavier sleds go faster, so teams that do not reach the maximum&#xA;  occupied weight may add ballast to make their bob heavier. Officials&#xA;  weigh the sleds at the end of the run to make sure they meet the&#xA;  weight requirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9500" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-08-31T15:49:41.600" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T15:49:41.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11963" CreationDate="2015-08-31T04:02:03.487" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 122 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is not permitted to keep control of the ball in his hands for more than six seconds. A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while the ball is between his hands or between his hand and any surface&#xA;  (e.g. ground, own body)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while holding the ball in his outstretched open hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;while in the act of bouncing it on the ground or tossing it into the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a goalkeeper has gained possession of the ball with his hands, he cannot be challenged by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, on page 123:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;It is an offence for a player to prevent a goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player must be penalised for playing in a dangerous manner if he kicks or&#xA;  attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing&#xA;  it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;It is an offence to restrict the movement of the goalkeeper by unfairly&#xA;  impeding him, e.g. at the taking of a corner kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, a single bounce of the ball is not enough to relinquish possession. Before the ball can be challenged for by an opponent, the keeper must have let it bounce away and no longer be able to either kick it (ie. a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_kick&quot;&gt;drop kick&lt;/a&gt;) or regather it in their hands or arms before it strikes the ground for a second time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the goalkeeper allows the ball to bounce on the ground multiple times, most referees will consider it released and therefore free to be challenged for by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, by standing where he was, the opponent had probably already committed an offence by preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands (as mentioned in the second quote above), even before he challenged for the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-08-31T04:08:42.083" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T04:08:42.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11979" CreationDate="2015-08-31T06:17:32.160" Score="9" ViewCount="3104" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read that both Rio Ferdinand and Daniel van Buyten began their careers as strikers (I have even managed to train van Buyten to be a top striker in Football Manager). Their careers as strikers have been unremarkable though. Is there any player in history to have a fair amount of success as both striker and defender (someone who has been featured at least once in the World Cup)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:22:05.770" LastActivityDate="2020-06-18T14:29:28.097" Title="Strikers who can defend as well" Tags="|football|world-cup|formations|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11970" CreationDate="2015-08-31T06:33:14.730" Score="10" ViewCount="6450" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know kicking ball in NBA is not allowed, how about header? is header like football allowed in basketball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-08-31T16:59:42.490" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T16:59:42.490" Title="Is header allowed in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9044" CreationDate="2015-08-31T11:59:55.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fairly high risk of being given out obstructing the field, I'd think, since he'd be in the wicket-keeper's way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T11:59:55.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8798" CreationDate="2015-08-31T16:27:59.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an easy one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formation is infered, of course. The teams are obliged to give the starting lineup and the substitutes alignment, with names and shirt numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's it. All the rest is infered by the media and the opponents, given the knowledge about the players' characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9917" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T16:27:59.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11967" CreationDate="2015-08-31T16:59:37.587" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kicking the ball is covered in Rule 10 Section IV of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;.  That includes also &quot;striking the ball with his fist&quot;, ie, punching the ball, by the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not cover heading the ball, nor are there any other places in the rules that I could find that referred to intentionally hitting the ball with your head (or unintentionally doing so).  I can't imagine it would give a player a significant advantage to do so - basketballs are &lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt;, and quite hard to redirect with your head.  Even a 7' tall player still has 2 feet or so (after jumping) to move the ball, plus the height of the ball over the rim, plus the direction - it's unlikely to go in, and much easier to use the hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marc Gasol did this in &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nba-ball-dont-lie/grizzlies--marc-gasol-tries-soccer-style-header-after-getting-fouled-030652402.html&quot;&gt;a game in the 2014-2015 season&lt;/a&gt;, though it didn't accomplish anything other than probably giving him a bit of a headache; it was also after a foul, so it wasn't definitively a proof that it's allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T16:59:37.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11973" CreationDate="2015-09-01T05:45:23.300" Score="9" ViewCount="4540" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, the current transfer window for most leagues in Europe ends tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Manchester United bought Depay from PSV this window. Could they sell him tomorrow if they wanted? Or do they need to wait until the mid-season transfer window at least?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T07:03:30.393" Title="Can a football team buy and sell a player in the same transfer window?" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11972" CreationDate="2015-09-01T06:54:30.547" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has happened last sunday (30/08/2015).&#xA;Jelle Vossen was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.be/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=12&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0CFcQFjALahUKEwjng--SntXHAhWD0RQKHXvAAQE&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2Farticle-3216874%2FBurnley-sell-striker-Jelle-Vossen-Club-Bruges-just-eight-weeks-signing-him.html&amp;amp;ei=V0nlVaf8H4OjU_uAhwg&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFuSp_Mcp_-KtCTWW6vVW9YJ1RiVw&amp;amp;sig2=xptnJl7dDWZU703Dq9BOEw&quot;&gt;transferred from Burnley to Club Bruges&lt;/a&gt; after only buying him this transfer window from KRC Genk. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Play for maximum two teams in one season&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is a rule saying a player can only play for maximum two clubs in one season. If for instance Depay would have played an &lt;strong&gt;official&lt;/strong&gt; match for PSV, then an official match for Man Utd, he would no longer be able to play for a third club, even on loan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/regulations_on_the_status_and_transfer_of_players_en_33410.pdf&quot;&gt;Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players&lt;/a&gt; Chapter III, Article 5.3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players may be registered with a maximum of three clubs during one&#xA;  season. During this period, the player is only eligible to play offi&#xA;  cial matches for two clubs. As an exception to this rule, a player&#xA;  moving between two clubs belonging to associations with overlapping&#xA;  seasons (i.e. start of the season in summer/autumn as opposed to&#xA;  winter/spring) may be eligible to play in offi cial matches for a&#xA;  third club during the relevant season, provided he has fully complied&#xA;  with his contractual obligations towards his previous clubs. Equally,&#xA;  the provisions relating to the registration periods (article 6) as&#xA;  well as to the minimum length of a contract (article 18 paragraph 2)&#xA;  must be respected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T07:03:30.393" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T07:03:30.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="290" CreationDate="2015-09-02T05:44:57.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rolling a sea kayak is more an art form than it is a paddling essential. Self-rescue and long-distance swimming techniques, on the other hand, are skills every sea kayaker needs to master IF he or she ever intends to paddle alone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's one thing to know how to intentionally roll a kayak, but quite another to get knocked over by an unseen wave and retain the presence of mind to set-up and then roll-up. Even &quot;professional&quot; sea kayakers (such that they are) admit that they've been surprised by rogue waves, and know that there's no roll that prepares you for one. The key to surviving that encounter is being able to reenter the boat and render it stable (i.e. bail it and re-fit the spray-skirt) for continued operations. Those skills come only with practice, and even then they're not even close to being bomb-proof since most people practice them in a controlled environment. If you can't get back into the boat, then you're going to have to swim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom line: know your own capabilities and the water/weather conditions before you leave the shore, and always remember: the water which ejected you from your boat is the same water from which you'll have to reenter it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9925" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T05:44:57.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11936" CreationDate="2015-09-02T07:56:03.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;China is an obvious example. Hong Kong and Macau, despite being officially returned to China, are still highly autonomous and have their respective sports teams. Also Taiwan is not normally internationally recognized as a country but they reached an agreement with China to enter sports competitions with the name &quot;Chinese Taipei&quot; (Taipei is the capital city of Taiwan island).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T07:56:03.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11966" CreationDate="2015-09-02T08:13:36.873" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If one just takes your question by its title then obviously there are plenty of strikers who also comply significant defensive roles. In fact in the famous game Football Manager there is a specifically designed role called &quot;Defensive Forward&quot; who closes down the opponent a lot and try to tackle. In real life the most famous example of such a forward is Wayne Rooney, who besides his attacking talents also retrace back very deep into his own half and tackle opponents very well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to ask &quot;a player who has played both as a striker and as a defender&quot; then such an example is probably much harder to find, especially at top European football. One close example would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Hierro&quot;&gt;Fernando Hierro&lt;/a&gt; who had a remarkable score rate even though he played as a defender. He once even scored a hattrick in La Liga and he's the 4th highest score for Spanish national team. For a not-so-famous player, the Chinese player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_Zhiyi&quot;&gt;Fan Zhiyi&lt;/a&gt; who won Asian Footballer of the Year plays as both central forward and defender. Well actually he participated in 2002 World Cup so that fulfills your requirement here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T08:13:36.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4847" CreationDate="2015-09-02T13:37:47.420" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll try to clear this left handed spin thing up...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best to refer to spin bowlers as finger spinners or wrist spinners (even though it is very difficult to bowl any spin ball without both the wrist and fingers co-operating to spin the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A left arm orthodox finger spinner turns the ball, to a right handed batsman, from leg to off, bowling the ball with the front of the hand (mainly) facing the batsman (or fine-leg), and flicking the index and middle fingers and wrist in an anti-clockwise direction (from the viewpoint of the bowler). Can be known as a left handed leg spinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A left arm unorthodox spinner (or Chinaman) turns the ball, to a right handed batsman from off to leg, using a similar finger and wrist action but bowling the ball with the back of the hand (mainly) facing the batsman. this is achieved by adopting a wrist starting position rotated anti-clockwise from the orthodox position and flicking the fingers to release the ball. Difficult to master but highly effective. But it is not to be confused with the Doosra which is the same shape of delivery but with the hand rotated clockwise in the pre-release position and delivered with a slight straightening of the arm action (impossible I have found!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A left handed wrist spinner uses a more wristy action and spins the ball, to a right handed batsman, from off to leg, bowling the ball with the front of the hand (largely) facing the batsman (or third-man) and using the thumb as well as fingers and wrist to impart spin. The opposite of this ball is the Googly which uses the same wrist and thumb/finger action but is delivered with the back of the hand (largely) facing the batsman, which has been rotated anti-clockwise in the pre-release position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9928" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T13:37:47.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-03T16:18:05.093" Score="3" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it possible to minimize wind effects playing beach tennis between two players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean what positions can be suggested for the &quot;strongest&quot; and the &quot;weakest&quot; player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lateral wind for each players or wind blowing the back/front of the strongest player? Or another solutions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-03T16:45:06.977" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T16:45:06.977" Title="How to minimize wind effect in beach tennis?" Tags="|technique|beach-tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11985" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11987" CreationDate="2015-09-03T22:53:14.150" Score="10" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard many times that, in the past (I don't know exactly when, but It may be around 1930 and 1950 decades) football teams used to align using 2-3-5 formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that tactics used to be less defensive at those times, and it used to be more goals, but I guess if this were completely true, an we interpreter 2-3-5 as 2 defenders, 3 midfields and 5 forwards in the same sense we refer to those positions today, it should have been dozens of goals per match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also rembember reading a quote from some old player saying that I was an exaggeration, and that just the idea of 5 forwards against 2 defenders is ridiculous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody explain how football tactics worked at those times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9933" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-20T01:53:42.333" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T01:53:42.333" Title="It is true that, during the first years of professional football, teams used to play with only 2 defenders and 5 forwards?" Tags="|football|history|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3318" CreationDate="2015-09-04T01:57:50.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Never wash your wetsuit in a washing machine!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a great article that will help and outlines each step - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quiksilver.com.au/wetsuit-care-guide&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.quiksilver.com.au/wetsuit-care-guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Stay clear of sharp objects (as best you can). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rinse your wetsuit.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Turn it inside out and have another go. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Hang up your freshly rinsed wetsuit inside out to dry in the shade. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After it’s been drying for a while, turn it inside out and give the other side a chance to dry too.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Once in a while give your wetsuit a thorough wash with some wetsuit shampoo.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9934" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T13:37:27.173" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T13:37:27.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2015-09-04T09:42:15.387" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt; but it was not a rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://footballspeak.com/post/2012/04/07/Innovate.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This site&lt;/a&gt; confirm that, in the early 1900s, tactics were more offensive than now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.football-bible.com/soccer-info/old-football-formations.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_%28association_football%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; confirm that the old off side rules permits to play with those tactics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you can find a lot of exhaustive info on the posted links, so I prefer to do not add more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T20:42:04.770" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T20:42:04.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-04T10:46:48.113" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Occasionally I hear about Australian players switching to the NFL, but haven't heard about it happening with other countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is Australia the main source of people who have been successfull in their own country, and then switched to the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastEditorUserId="359" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T12:14:01.920" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T12:58:13.297" Title="Is Australia the main source of foreign NFL players?" Tags="|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11988" CreationDate="2015-09-04T11:26:43.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not the most one, but one of the most important&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know update statistics on it but in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mr.crabby/List_of_current_non-American_players_in_the_National_Football_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11?IR=T&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; Australia seems one of the most born-Country for foreing NFL players, but it seems there are also many other Country that offers players to NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aslo &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.therichest.com/sports/football-sports/top-10-foreign-born-nfl-players/10/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this top 10&lt;/a&gt; shows: England (1) - Liberia (1) - Estonia (1) - Poland (1)- Japan (1) - Germany (2) - Ghana (1) - Tonga (1) - Canada (1) as born-Country of NFL players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T12:52:10.750" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T12:52:10.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11990" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-04T14:56:48.293" Score="1" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ive heard many theories one being that a 0 looks like an egg and the french word for egg sounds like love and after time became just that, but this is just one theory. Does anyone know the actual reason why 0 in tennis is called love?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3513" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T14:56:48.293" Title="In Tennis why is zero called Love?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-09-04T20:39:58.243" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11988" CreationDate="2015-09-05T12:58:13.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pro-Football-Reference.com has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list of of players by country of birth&lt;/a&gt;. According to the list, Canada is the top place with 92 players in history, 6 active players. Next is Germany with 69 and 5; American Samoa is third with 29 and 3. Australia has 7 players listed in history and 1 as active (Mat McBriar, born in Melbourne, punter of San Diego Charges in 2014). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately in the page is not clear how far in the past goes the number of players &quot;in history&quot; and &quot;active&quot; looks like refers to 2014 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T12:58:13.297" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2015-09-05T17:31:45.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use a sweeper because my team is not Barcelona.  Usually your sweeper is your fastest, strongest and knowledgable player.  On a slow attack i have him as secondary defender while stopper takes over his position.  If a fast attack is in progress and the winger is flying, the stopper comes down and we transition to a traditional 4 man line.  I think the sweeper has been diminished at higher levels because all players are strong, fast and intellegent.  But for teams with players with different skill sets...a sweeper wins championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coach al&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9942" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T17:31:45.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="774" CreationDate="2015-09-06T00:06:54.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It helps to think about it from the hitters perspective. A right handed hitter would prefer the ball to be coming from an angle that is closer to first base (a lefty pitcher). This allows more room to &quot;pull&quot; the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A right handed pitcher would be releasing the ball closer to third base. This forces the right handed hitter to &quot;push&quot; the ball - or hit it the other way which is more difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sidearm pitchers and pitches that move horizontally increase this angle advantage even more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9943" LastActivityDate="2015-09-06T00:06:54.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2015-09-06T09:52:43.793" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your skates are likely too sharp for your confidence level, or too deep of a hollow (probably both). Like said above ... 1/2 inch hollow I find to be too grippy to shave ice very well. For me a 3/4 inch grind is optimum for hockey skates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rate at which you can stop depends on how steeply you point the skates to the oncoming ice. At 70 degrees from the vertical your skate is about the best position to stop the fastest. Prepare to commit to a full low dig like a skier might do when confronted with a serious downhill you don't qualify for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the opposite end of the ice shaving spectrum, taking the least ice possible, is where the fun is. If you can maintain a constant 1 to 3 degres from the vertical skate angle you can swiftly and with very low friction, shave ice for 2/3 of an offical size rink and hit the opposite wall with enough speed for a bit more. The rooster tail of thin ice produced from your massive shave will nicely decorate a cleanly Zam'd surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beware though ... if you allow your skate angle to the vertical to be negative, or ankles leading skate blade .. the blade will begin to have infinite friction and it will stop immediately, the problem is ... you won't and a serious high speed fall on new ice will be the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A big part of ultimate blade grip is the a total weight you put on a edge. You can make a rather dull blade bite by getting your weight behind the center of drag, which is the blade slamming the oncoming ice. If your skates are layed down at 70 degrees, you will need to do the same with your weight and knees well bent and committed to a full stop, 20mph to 0 in about a quarter second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a long drifting slide you keep your weight nearly vertical with your skate blades the same. Just enjoy the ride, and keep your balance. It'll feel like sliding on a slick wood floor in new socks. Imagine doing that from 20 mph! Yeah ... but be careful please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: minimum blade hollow is required for this, anything less than 5/8&quot; at your weight will he extremly difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9949" LastActivityDate="2015-09-06T09:52:43.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11997" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12003" CreationDate="2015-09-06T20:51:41.733" Score="6" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;I happened to walk by a man and woman casually playing informal unscored tennis, somewhat above beginner level, at a local park.  It was immediately obvious the woman was waiting far too long before beginning her strokes, basically letting the ball almost reach her, even at the baseline, then attempting a quick, cramped stroke without much power or control.  The couple was also doing something I see far too often at the park:  frequently calling &quot;out&quot; and ending play instead of playing the ball anyway to try and keep the &quot;game&quot; going, keep up the rhythm, and getting in as much practice as possible instead of constantly stopping/restarting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was tempted to introduce myself, ask them if they wanted some unsolicited advice, and if so suggest the woman try to start her swing as soon as she sees what side of her body the ball will be arriving at (although she'd probably need practice changing her style but might end up with much better strokes), and also to simply try to continue playing when calling outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My wife said I should mind my own business, because I have no idea what sort of relationship, advice, practice, and coaching they've already gone through to reach a level of play they might be perfectly happy with.  On the other hand, my personal experience, for life in general not just sports, is that I've rarely received unsolicited advice at all let alone bad advice, and what unsolicited advice I have managed to receive is usually very helpful.  So from a &quot;golden rule&quot; perspective I would tend to want to give advice that I myself would want to receive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the proper etiquette?  Is there some best or proper way to offer playing advice to strangers?  Or should I keep my mouth shut?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9951" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-08T13:33:34.923" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T12:57:41.813" Title="Should I give unsolicited playing advice to strangers?" Tags="|tennis|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-09-14T06:01:06.557" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-06T21:42:04.757" Score="6" ViewCount="6156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the batsman out if a) he deflects the ball away from his wicket after playing it. i.e. with bat, foot etc to avoid being 'played on' b) if he, when out of his crease, 'accidentally' stopped the ball hitting his wicket by interposing any part of his body on the ball's flight path?&#xA;The logistics to me is similar to an lbw decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9952" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T04:12:50.683" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T04:12:50.683" Title="Batsman stopping the ball hitting his wicket." Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11998" CreationDate="2015-09-06T22:33:48.460" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: Updated to reflect &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handled_the_ball#cite_note-laws2017-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;changes&lt;/a&gt; brought in on Oct 1 2017 which removes Rule 33 Handling the Ball, and merges with Law 37 - Obstructing the field&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules of cricket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 37 - Obstraucting the Ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;37.1.2 The striker is out Obstructing the field if, except in the circumstances of 37.2, in the act of receiving a ball delivered by the bowler, he/she &lt;strong&gt;wilfully strikes the ball with a hand not holding the bat&lt;/strong&gt;.  This will apply whether it is the first strike or a second or subsequent strike.  The act of receiving the ball shall extend both to playing at the ball and to striking the ball more than once in defence of his/her wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exceptions to the above is primarily around not being out if it was to avoid injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 36 - LBW&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out LBW in the circumstances set out below.&#xA;  (a) The bowler delivers a ball, not being a No ball,&#xA;  and (b) the ball, if it is not intercepted full pitch, pitches in line between wicket and wicket or on the off side of the striker’s wicket,&#xA;  and (c) the ball not having previously touched his bat, the striker intercepts the ball, either full pitch or after pitching, with any part of his person,&#xA;  and (d) the point of impact, even if above the level of the bails,&#xA;  either (i) is between wicket and wicket,&#xA;  or (ii) if the striker has made no genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat, is either between wicket and wicket or outside the line of the off stump.&#xA;  and (e) but for the interception, the ball would have hit the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interception is defined as...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) In assessing points (c), (d) and (e) in 1 above, only the first interception is to be considered.&#xA;  (b) In assessing point (e) in 1 above, it is to be assumed that the path of the ball before interception would have continued after interception, irrespective of whether the ball might have pitched subsequently or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with all the above, LBW is considered at the point of first strike of the body without the bat. If that is not LBW, he is only given out if he swipes at the ball to prevent the ball touching the wicket &lt;strong&gt;with his hand&lt;/strong&gt; unless it is to avoid injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;strong&gt;the bat&lt;/strong&gt; to prevent the ball striking the wickets after the shot has been played (and already made contact with either the body or bat) is considered &lt;strong&gt;not out&lt;/strong&gt;. If &lt;strong&gt;any other part of the body including&lt;/strong&gt; and it is deliberate then it should be out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen this happen in matches and have not seen anyone given out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorUserId="4851" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T21:59:16.920" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T21:59:16.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-07T04:27:16.240" Score="12" ViewCount="7361" Body="&lt;p&gt;If during a ATP / WTA / Grand slam tennis tournament, rain falls consistently for the entire 2 weeks, would the tournament just be cancelled? Has this ever happened in a grand slam? Is there an actual rule to say when a tournament would be abandoned due to rain or would they just keep waiting till the rain stops?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9955" LastEditorUserId="2052" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T16:10:47.707" LastActivityDate="2023-03-16T10:52:10.727" Title="Has a ATP / WTA / Grand slam ever been rained out?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12000" CreationDate="2015-09-07T06:08:16.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;ATP/WTA tournaments last one week, only Grand Slam ones last two weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tournaments schedule are planned to manage weather problems, sometimes it happened that a player has played two singles match the same day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In history never happened that a Grand Slam tournament was totally abandoned by weather. You can check the list of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;men&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_women%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;women&lt;/a&gt; winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it happened that ATP/WTA tournaments delay a lot and the final was played on monday (i.e Wimbledon &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1919&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1922&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-09-07T14:57:12.450" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T14:57:12.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12000" CreationDate="2015-09-07T09:19:38.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No major (a.k.a grand slam) tournament has ever been cancelled due to bad weather. I've never heard of any standard one week tournament being cancelled due to bad weather, either. Since tennis tournaments are held all over the world, they tend to be scheduled during times when the weather is good in whatever part of the world the tournament is being held. For example - Paris in late May/early June for the French Open, where you might get a little bit of rain but it's generally good weather. Some other examples are the Australian Open in January during the Australian summer when it's hot and sunny - the same thing with the Indian Wells Masters series event in March in the southern California desert when the weather is nice and warm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The US Open had a streak where for 4 straight years the men's final was delayed until the following Monday because it rained on the final Sunday. That is how most weather delays for majors are handled - the matches will just be delayed until the weather is good enough to play. It has, however, prompted the USTA to construct a roof over Arthur Ashe stadium recently because of the delays weather has caused over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-09-08T17:11:29.300" LastActivityDate="2015-09-08T17:11:29.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11997" CreationDate="2015-09-07T09:39:11.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an interesting question, one that I (have) had myself earlier in my tennis playing days. After a certain point, I was a good enough player to easily be able to see when someone had bad form, bad habits, or just not enough experience to know what to do to improve their game. You are probably at a similar experience/skill level yourself. Tennis seems to be a sport where people without any formal training or lessons can develop an untold number and variety of weird self-taught habits or quirks to their game in areas like you mentioned - racquet preparation, grips, balance, swing types, footwork, timing...the list goes on and on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before a big tennis club was built in the city I live in, I used to play at public park courts, often next to people that were new to the sport or played very infrequently - it was obvious by their gear and how they played the game. I wasn't annoyed by them or anything, I was just happy to see people enjoying the sport, really. Sometimes an opportunity would present itself for me to ask them if they wanted any pointers. Occasionally people would be interested, but usually they declined and said they were just out for some fun activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I've come to learn about tennis and the people that play it - now that I've been around tennis as an adult for about 15 years - is that most people are as good at tennis as they care to be. If not being better really bothered them that much they would get lessons or somehow formally seek out help to improve. Maybe they would get in better shape physically or practice more often or pay for lessons. Whatever the case is - whether they accepted your help or not, it likely wouldn't have much of an impact on their tennis abilities. For that reason - I've come to just walk right past people I see playing, no matter what I notice about their play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis is such a technical sport with so many little things to get right that in  most cases your advice might help a little (temporarily), but it's not likely to significantly make any kind of impact on them. Tennis is one of the most difficult sports to get good at, and typically takes many years to get decent at it to the point where you really have a fun time playing and you can actually do what you want with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while I would do what your wife says, I wouldn't do it because of &quot;minding my own business&quot; - rather, because it's not really going to change much for the people you share the advice with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T09:39:11.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11998" CreationDate="2015-09-07T09:54:38.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Great answer from aqwert there. I'd add that Law 33 deals with handling the ball as an act of playing it, including protecting the wickets. The question asked (likely in error - I think aqwert's answer was spot on) about contact &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; playing it, in which case &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37 - Out Obstructing the Field&lt;/a&gt;, may be relevant. Law 37 notes in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if he wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action.  In particular, but not solely, it shall be regarded as obstruction and either batsman will be out Obstructing the field if while the ball is in play and after the striker has completed the act of playing the ball, as defined in Law 33.1, he wilfully strikes the ball with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) a hand not holding the bat, unless this is in order to avoid injury.  See also Law 33.2 (Not out Handled the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ii) any other part of his person or with his bat.  See also Law 34 (Hit the ball twice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That, of course, was the controversial fate of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2015/content/story/918311.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ben Stokes&lt;/a&gt; recently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T09:54:38.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2301" CreationDate="2015-09-07T10:06:56.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is super old now, but I figured I'd chip in. There are two different questions here in the context of a switch hit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) What about wides?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) What about LBWs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of wides, the switch-hitting striker sacrifices the benefit of the leg side bowling limit. In other words, he effectively has two off sides for the purposes of calling wides. This is established, IIRC, in the playing conditions for limited overs games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Edit: I recalled incorrectly - it's just the way &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 25&lt;/a&gt; is applied in that context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The umpire shall not adjudge a delivery as being a Wide,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) if the striker, by moving,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;either (i) causes the ball to pass wide of him, as defined in 1(b) above...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of LBWs, the off and leg sides are determined by the striker's stance at the moment the ball becomes live, as noted in the previous answer. The switch hit does not affect that, so a ball which pitches outside his now off-stump, in a switched stance, would be deemed to have pitched outside leg and therefore be ineligible for LBW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that a switch hit is determined by the striker's GRIP, not by his feet. A reverse sweep is not a switch hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also worth noting that the striker can't change back ito wides. Once he's given up that leg side protection, changing back to his original stance will not get it back - it's two off sides for the purpose of wides, and will remain that way until the delivery is complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastEditorUserId="9915" LastEditDate="2015-09-07T10:43:30.203" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T10:43:30.203" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1677" CreationDate="2015-09-08T19:44:46.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A soccerball that is designed with an icosahedron in mind will spread the impact force more equally over all seams, and theorethically last longer while maintaining the same form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9961" LastActivityDate="2015-09-08T19:44:46.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12010" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-09T00:57:02.067" Score="5" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of tennis players, from professional to recreational, grunt when they hit the ball while playing tennis. Is there a reason for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;related:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://regressing.deadspin.com/why-do-tennis-players-grunt-because-it-works-1597557402&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://regressing.deadspin.com/why-do-tennis-players-grunt-because-it-works-1597557402&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunting_in_tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunting_in_tennis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorUserId="8945" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T07:12:56.290" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T07:12:56.290" Title="Why do people grunt while playing tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-09-09T13:39:55.937" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12050" CreationDate="2015-09-09T05:39:38.970" Score="4" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, not far enough in terms of innovating/rediscovering tennis in these dull times of monotonous baseline rallies. But the question is specifically about Roger Federer's recent attempts at hyper-aggressive half-volley returns on opponent's (second) serves.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Federer, after Wimbledon, has on numerous occasions tried to charge towards the service line to take the returns early to unsettle the opponents.&#xA;While the attempt is nothing new, Serena Williams stands well inside the baseline against weak servers &amp;amp; thumps return winners.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nobody has reached as &#xA;far ahead as Federer has. He has taken the returns almost at the service line. So 3 questions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) In any of his attempts, has the point of impact with the racquet been inside the service box?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) If NO, then, is having the point of impact inside the service box legal in tennis rules?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) If YES, then can he essentially, stand at the net &amp;amp; volley the opponent's serves, from the rules point of view?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T21:10:26.027" Title="How far is too far for Roger Federer?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12010" CreationDate="2015-09-09T05:55:17.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the beginning it was probably a reaction generated by the effort to hit the ball. It is a natural reaction under stress in phase of respiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now is almost becoming a &quot;trademark &quot; made ​​in a more emphasize, maybe also to distract the opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T05:55:17.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12011" CreationDate="2015-09-09T06:12:01.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.it/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCEQFjAAahUKEwjVtq6yo-nHAhXDBywKHWOBACM&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atpworldtour.com%2Fen%2Fcorporate%2Frulebook&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNE7On9JAUNXy_PlXS1TaCELoOLpjA&amp;amp;bvm=bv.102022582,d.bGg&amp;amp;cad=rja&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tennis rule book&lt;/a&gt; do not specify anything about point of impact, so I think is it possible to hit the ball in the receive area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The receiver cannot hit the ball before the first rebound&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T06:12:01.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-09T07:06:50.270" Score="3" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Volleyball one player wears a different color shirt in the team while others wear the same color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-09T07:55:02.503" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T07:55:02.503" Title="Why does one player on a volleyball team wear a different shirt?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-09-09T08:40:04.933" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11997" CreationDate="2015-09-09T12:57:41.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This scenario occurs throughout the world no matter the activity. You're more than likely going to get a variety of responses if you so choose to provide the advice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example beginner X would love advice and help from the other gym goes regarding his exercise form. Whereas beginner Y is very aware that they are a beginner and fear someone may comment/laugh at them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;__&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally if the person were to approach me in a polite manner to truly help me then I don't mind their advice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then again if it's regarding my golf game I have a personal coach and we're working toward a goal that's not entirely outcome focussed at this time. The last thing I want is for someone's &quot;pointers&quot; on a quick win!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were you just try to read the situation and expect people to be defensive about their sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9964" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T12:57:41.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12017" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-09T14:12:26.063" Score="6" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://eurobasket2015.org&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eurobasket 2015 homepage&lt;/a&gt; is a disaster IMHO, although I can find simple information about players, I can't sort players by physical attributes or age etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any pages which follow up the championship that have better roster pages? Alternatively is it possible to find the entire list of players (with stats) in raw text which I can play around with in R?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2015-09-10T18:20:06.370" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T18:46:44.493" Title="Where to find team stats/comparisons for Eurobasket 2015?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12022" CreationDate="2015-09-09T15:14:40.203" Score="4" ViewCount="5672" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a javelin &quot;slips&quot; on landing and does not stick cleanly into the field, how is the throw measured?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-10T09:01:43.247" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T09:01:43.247" Title="How is a javelin throw measured if the javelin does not stick into the ground?" Tags="|rules|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12017" CreationDate="2015-09-10T07:40:24.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurobasket.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;EuroBasket&lt;/a&gt; is a fairly comprehensive site which covers all basketball in Europe, including Eurobasket 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T07:40:24.637" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12018" CreationDate="2015-09-10T08:57:35.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations&quot;&gt;IAAF Competition Rules&lt;/a&gt;. Quoting from the 2014&amp;ndash;2015 edition, Rule 187.20:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The measurement of each throw shall be made [...] from where the head of the javelin first struck the ground to the inside edge of the arc, along a line to the centre of the circle of which the arc is part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T08:57:35.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11966" CreationDate="2015-09-10T15:05:48.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some instances of defenders playing as strikers. One motivation for putting a defender up front is if the manager felt that they lacked size in the box. In the 2012 euros (Or was it another tournament?) Del Bosque substituted &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javi_Mart%C3%ADnez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Javi Martinez&lt;/a&gt; (a CB/DM) as striker while Fernando Torres stayed on the bench. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another case I can think of was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Klopp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jürgen Klopp&lt;/a&gt;, who recently managed Borussia Dortmund, who played as a striker/defender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, there isn't quite as much motivation for putting a striker as a defender. That being said, strikers play an important role for the out-of-possession team. A good striker while press the defense and try to force errors, or try to force the defense to play out the ball to a certain side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9967" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T16:37:10.737" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T16:37:10.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12017" CreationDate="2015-09-10T15:43:58.497" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportstats.com/basketball/europe/eurobasket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; can help you a lot and you can find here &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fibaeurope.com/cid_CLnADd0fJ4MZ8xgmecgDF0.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Fiba Europe Stats Suite&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9968" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T15:43:58.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2015-09-11T13:40:29.023" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry but the main man should be in here &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGrory&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;James McGrory&lt;/a&gt; scored 550 goals in 547 appearances that has to be one of the best records in the world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9972" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-09-11T13:43:19.083" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T13:43:19.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-11T20:29:46.817" Score="4" ViewCount="1384" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2015 US Open Mixed Doubles competition, Hingis/Paes are playing (finally winners) the finals after receiving 2 walkovers (2nd and 3rd round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the match is going on, but has this happened in the past that a player wins a major tournament with more than one walkover?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-09-12T10:31:56.460" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T10:31:56.460" Title="Tennis tournament winner with multiple walkovers" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12027" CreationDate="2015-09-11T21:48:53.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll have to research this in depth to get a more certain answer, but it is likely that it has happened before - and it's probably happened in doubles or mixed doubles. The reason is, sometimes players enter both the singles and doubles draws at major tournaments, and singles generally pays out much better than doubles does in terms of prize money. So when things are going well for a player in singles and they make it deep into the singles draw (like QF/SF/F) players sometimes decide to withdraw from the doubles competition in order to focus and dedicate their time/energy to singles in order to (hopefully) improve their chances at further singles match wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I run a fantasy tennis website (&lt;a href=&quot;https://goldenslam.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;GoldenSlam.com&lt;/a&gt;) so I see match results and statistics pretty much on a daily basis. I'll run some queries against my database to see what I can come up with. &lt;a href=&quot;https://goldenslam.com/TournamentDraws/247/2015-bet-at-home-open-germany-tennis-championships?draw=MD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is just a quick example that I pulled from recent memory where one section of the doubles draw had 2 walkovers in a row - not from the same team and it's not one of the 4 majors, but you can get an idea about what I was talking about above - Fognini withdrew from doubles because he made it deep into the singles draw (he made the final). And this came after he and his partner had just advanced in the previous round because of a walkover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T21:48:53.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12029" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-13T02:55:57.883" Score="5" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;Flavia Pennetta has announced the retirement after winning her first Grand Slam of the career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess she is the only tennis player who has taken retirement after winning major.&#xA;Can you remember any other player or star who took retirement after achieving such kind of milestone in his career or he/she took retirement when he was at the top in his/her career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T08:40:57.633" Title="How many tennis players have announced retirement after winning Grand Slam?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12029" CreationDate="2015-09-13T06:17:45.020" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While he didn't announce it like Pennetta did - Pete Sampras decided to retire a few months after defeating Andre Agassi in the 2002 US Open Final for his final match as a pro. It was the same opponent in the same tournament where Sampras won his first major title too - against Agassi in 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marion Bartoli also retired from tennis very shortly after winning Wimbledon in 2013. She only competed in 3 matches after winning the Wimbledon title before announcing her retirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T08:40:57.633" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T08:40:57.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12032" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-13T13:11:40.217" Score="10" ViewCount="21647" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was recently brought to my attention that a number of football/soccer players have either died on the field or have collapsed on the field only to die later in a hospital from cardiac related ailments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_footballers_who_died_while_playing&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;: From 1984 - Present, there have been approximately 60 deaths where a player has collapsed and/or died either during a game or during a practice session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have attempted to research this more, but all I am noticing are theories rather than facts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to be a concern of many, including &lt;a href=&quot;http://http:/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/campaign-to-stop-soccer-players-dying-by-having-defibrillators-at-all-football-fields-in-nsw/story-fnpn118l-1227396409021&quot;&gt;Andy Paschalidis&lt;/a&gt;, former SBS announcer and a player for the Forest Rangers Football Club.  Mr. Paschalidis is supporting a campaign to have defibrillators available at all football games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that football/soccer players outnumber other athletes in professional sports.  This should not diminish the fact that this issue has raised several concerns regarding football/soccer players deaths/collapses on the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a valid and substantiated reason why this is happening to these athletes in this particular sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastEditorUserId="9820" LastEditDate="2015-09-13T16:13:42.200" LastActivityDate="2021-11-18T21:13:27.150" Title="What is the cause of so many cardiac related deaths in football/soccer?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12033" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-13T16:59:32.740" Score="-2" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;We got a basketball game with score 56-61 4:40 mins remaining in the fourth quarter. Then game can't continue because of power outage (night). How should we decide on the game? Shall we continue on another day? Shall we declare the leading team as the winner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9978" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T17:05:37.590" Title="How to decide a basketball game ended but not yet end of regulation" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-09-28T14:49:22.897" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12033" CreationDate="2015-09-13T17:05:37.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the assumption you're playing in some sort of organised tournament, ask the organisers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T17:05:37.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T01:30:18.840" Score="4" ViewCount="2853" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a fielder touches the boundary or steps outside the boundary but comes back inside the field of play when he actually fields the ball, will a boundary be awarded to the batting team? i.e. contact with ball was made with the fielder well inside the field of play, but before that the fielder had touched the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9982" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T07:41:24.307" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T16:57:01.907" Title="Is it a boundary if a fielder touches the boundary before touching the ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12036" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T02:29:16.087" Score="6" ViewCount="9638" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know if a runner crosses a plate on an error made by a defending player, the run doesn't count as earned to the pitcher but if the runner scores because of an error made by the pitcher, shouldn't the run be counted as earned because it's the pitchers fault that the runner scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9689" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T12:51:14.637" Title="Does a pitcher receive an earned run if he makes an error?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12041" CreationDate="2015-09-14T05:08:44.163" Score="4" ViewCount="883" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently there was a discussion about a new element in Federer's play which some journalists dubbed &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=sneak+attack+by+Roger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sneak attack by Roger&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=SABR+Federer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SABR&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly this shot/point build-up is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What type of player can successfully use this tactics? What abilities does a player need to be able to take an advantage of this? (Probably also weaknesses of the opponent play a role here?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This recent post is, to some extent, related - although it asks about this with relation to tennis rules: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12011/how-far-is-too-far-for-roger-federer&quot;&gt;How far is too far for Roger Federer?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T01:38:33.673" Title="What is &quot;sneak attack by Roger&quot; (SABR)?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12039" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12040" CreationDate="2015-09-14T05:11:32.197" Score="5" ViewCount="2661" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usopen.org/en_US/scores/draws/xd/index.html?promo=subnav&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;US-Open 2015 mixed doubles final&lt;/a&gt; I saw tie-break instead of the third set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is that ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it applied only in mixed doubles? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When this rule is applied in tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it applicable for all tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-28T06:26:37.547" LastActivityDate="2019-11-28T06:26:37.547" Title="What is tie-break for match in tennis?" Tags="|rules|tennis|terminology|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12039" CreationDate="2015-09-14T05:43:02.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, Mixed Doubles competition is played only in the 4 Grand Slams. There is no mixed doubles event except in Olympics which falls outside the ITF. The rule came into effect in 2001(I think). It is known as Super Tiebreak. Before that, mixed doubles competition used to play best of 3 set matches.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the teams have won 1 set each, instead of playing the deciding 3rd set, they play a super tiebreak of 10 points, ie. first to reach 10 points with a lead of 2 points wins the 3rd set &amp;amp; hence the match.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule was brought in to speed up the Mixed doubles competition &amp;amp; make it more attractive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T06:57:19.133" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T06:57:19.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12038" CreationDate="2015-09-14T06:48:45.107" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I have to say, all this while, I thought SABR was an acronym for Super Aggressive Baseline Return. Sneak Attack By Roger sounds so much fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the question, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/2015/09/07/sabr-metrics-the-case-for-the-hyper-aggressive-return/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is a very good blog on the effectiveness of SABR. Some excerpts follow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On average,&#xA;servers win about 64% of points and hold about 80% of service games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For most players, breaks of serve rely more on the server’s&#xA;occasional lapses. To put it in numerical terms: A passive returner is&#xA;playing the lottery in every return game–a lottery with only a 10% to&#xA;20% chance of winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to earn more breaks of serve, of course, is to win more&#xA;return points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The alternative is to change the rules of the lottery. Instead of&#xA;accepting a steady rate of 35% of return points, a hyper-aggressive&#xA;strategy is more likely to make the point-by-point results more&#xA;streaky, even if the overall rate doesn’t change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That basically means, even though, a player using SABR tactic occasionally, will win an overall same number of return points, but he is more likely to break an opponent's service game than with a passive return, because of the increase in the unpredictability factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who wins 35% of return points will, on average, break in 17%&#xA;of his return games.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If that same player wins 30% of return points in half of his games and&#xA;40% of return points in the other half, he’ll break serve 18% of the&#xA;time.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Double the variation and say that the returner wins 25% of return&#xA;points half the time and 45% the other half. Now he’ll break serve in&#xA;21% of games, or one extra break per 25 return games.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The real magic happens when we expand the variation to an even split&#xA;between 20% of return points and 50% of return points. In that&#xA;scenario–when, remember, our returner is still winning 35% of&#xA;points–the break rate improves to 26%, almost one more break per ten&#xA;return games. On average, that’s an extra break per best-of-three&#xA;match, and closer to two extra breaks in a typical best-of-five match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many tennis writers have written about how SABR is more fruitful a tactic to unsettle an opponent's rhythm rather than to win return points. Take the case of Federer's win over Stan Wawarinka in the semifinals of US Open 2015. Stan was looking to repeat his comprehensive win over Federer at French Open semis 2015, connecting the ball well &amp;amp; making winners in the first 3 games of the set. Federer SABR-ed him 2 times in the 3rd game &amp;amp; took rest of the serves aggressively, inducing a double fault &amp;amp; subsequently a break. Stan was rattled &amp;amp; couldn't recover that touch on his strokes &amp;amp; Federer just ran away with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He did the same thing to Djokovic in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/tournaments/western--southern-open/422/2015/match-stats/f324/d643/match-stats?&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cincinati&lt;/a&gt; finals, unsettling his serve &amp;amp; putting pressure on the returns &amp;amp; winning 39% of return points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming to the shot itself, SABR is tried on an opponents 2nd serve &amp;amp; that too against average 2nd servers. Federer didn't try it against Isner in his QF match much, I think just once since Isner like Karlovic are heavy servers. Most of the rest of the players have average 2nd serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Federer moves in just when the opponent tosses the ball in the air so that the server cant change the direction in which he will serve &amp;amp; also to create a disturbance in the peripheral vision of the server to increase the chance of a double fault. This has happened on many occasions against Stan, Kolchreiber(spellcheck), even Djokovic in today's US Open finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which players can try it? Well, those that are excellent movers on the court. Someone that comes to mind ahead of even Federer is Justine Henin who was much better mover on court but she never tried it. Other active players who could try it are Radwanska(excellent hand-eye coordination &amp;amp; silken touch). Nobody else comes to mind because most players on both ATP &amp;amp; WTA play from the baseline &amp;amp; are not good movers towards &amp;amp; away from the net while they can chase balls from one baseline corners to another without breaking a sweat. The perpendicular movement is crucial because the one SABR-ing has less time to cover an open court if the SABR return is short &amp;amp; within reach of the server&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YeQfwcfz1c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an excellent video compilation of SABR with slo-mo reply&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T11:31:44.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12035" CreationDate="2015-09-14T07:33:16.060" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a boundary - see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.3(a)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A boundary shall be scored [...] whenever, while the ball is in play, [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) the ball touches the boundary, or is grounded beyond the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) a fielder with some part of his person in contact with the ball, touches the boundary or has some part of his person grounded beyond the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) the ball, having crossed the boundary in the air, is first touched by a fielder who has not satisfied the conditions in 4(i) below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 4(i) is the requirement that a fielder cannot jump from beyond the boundary to make the first touch on a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crucial part here is clause (ii) which makes reference only to the current position of the fielder, not any previous position; therefore it doesn't matter what they may have done before the catch is made, it's only where they're positioned while the catch is being made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T07:33:16.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12039" CreationDate="2015-09-14T08:35:46.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What:&lt;/strong&gt; if you are talking about &quot;Super Tie-break&quot; the appendix V of &lt;a href=&quot;http://itf.uberflip.com/i/428396-2015-rules-of-tennis-english/0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITF rules of tennis&lt;/a&gt; you can see info about Match tie-breaks (10 points): this is a tie-break to 10 points, a shorter solutions played instead of third (final) set&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When:&lt;/strong&gt; suggested by ITF in 2001, experimental in 2002, it becames a rule from the year 2003 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cosat.org/noticias2009/que-es-el-super-tie-break.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Applied:&lt;/strong&gt; it is applied also to double matches (men and women) and also in other tournaments out of Gran Slam circuit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/archive/doha/451/2015/draws?matchType=doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP 250 men doubles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/archive/rio-de-janiero/6932/2015/draws?matchType=doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP 500 men doubles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/archive/indian-wells/404/2015/draws?matchType=doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP Master1000 men doubles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T10:02:43.243" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T10:02:43.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12044" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12056" CreationDate="2015-09-14T08:56:09.773" Score="7" ViewCount="1859" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest super tie break (10 points final set) in tennis history in official ATP and WTA matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-28T06:26:41.537" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T21:31:04.927" Title="The longest super tie break?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12036" CreationDate="2015-09-14T12:57:54.780" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No he doesn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitcher errors are counted alongside other defensive errors and are treated the same for the purpose of determining ERA. If a run scores as the result of an error, it doesn't matter who committed it, that run is not counted for ERA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explicitly covered by the rules, as well. &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB's Official Baseball Rules (OBR) 2015 edition&lt;/a&gt; Rule 9.16(e) is very specific about that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An error by a pitcher is treated exactly the same as an error by any other fielder in computing earned runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastEditorUserId="10028" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T17:40:38.740" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:40:38.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12051" CreationDate="2015-09-14T13:21:53.623" Score="2" ViewCount="1146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Listening to commentators on NFL games, it seems that all of them systematically call the ball &quot;the football&quot;, and not just &quot;the ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that the case? In Rugby or Soccer (at least in my country) I've never heard commentators call the ball &quot;the rugby ball&quot; or &quot;the soccer ball&quot;. There doesn't seem to be any advantage to calling it &quot;the football&quot;, which is longer and not really more descriptive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Football&quot; is the name of the sport. Why do comentators insist on calling the ball it is played with the same name as the sport itself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9985" LastActivityDate="2022-10-09T09:01:16.040" Title="Why do american commentators call the ball &quot;the football&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12048" CreationDate="2015-09-14T14:44:49.503" Score="8" ViewCount="3122" Body="&lt;p&gt;It strikes me as odd that teams who have stadiums built for their games don't use the fields for training.  Is this done to make room for other sports teams to use the fields during the off-season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9576" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-16T13:02:53.103" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T13:02:53.103" Title="Why do professional sports teams hold training camps train in a different location (city) during the off season?" Tags="|training|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12047" CreationDate="2015-09-14T15:38:32.473" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer varies significantly by sport, and in part by team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those reasons that are common:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Training camp is often much more focused practice and learning time than other times (during the regular season).  Think of it sort of like a retreat: you live in a more confined area, with just your teammates, and think &quot;your sport&quot; 24/7. It allows teammates to build chemistry and focus on their studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stadiums and arenas are expensive to use - even just to turn on the A/C at something like the United Center is quite expensive.  They also aren't built for training: for example, for a basketball court they've only one set of backboards.  You would rather have a purpose-built facility for training: one with many courts/rinks/etc., more room for strength equipment, that sort of thing.  In fact, most teams in sports like basketball have a separate training facility even &lt;em&gt;during&lt;/em&gt; the year, sometimes in the home city, sometimes nearby. Further away is often cheaper, and quite often also closer to where the players live. (For example, until this year, the Chicago Bulls practiced and trained in the Berto Center, in suburban Deerfield; this year, they built a new training center across from the United Center in Chicago.)  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For grass fields, you want to give the grass as much time to grow as possible.  Each game wears on the field, so you'd rather have some games elsewhere to let the groundskeepers have more time to do their magic.  You also often don't have as many fans willing to come to games in the preseason - so you hold games somewhere that people might come as a vacation, or where the people in that area might not normally have a chance to see games.  Hence Spring Training for the baseball teams in Florida and Arizona - destination vacation spots that time of year - and until the last two decades, without major league teams nearby; but also with many retirees who love to see the teams they cheered for in their youth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T15:38:32.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12011" CreationDate="2015-09-14T21:10:26.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I doubt it. Given the fact the receiver must wait until the ball bounces (see below), and the fact the service is usually aimed practically at the service line, it would be quite difficult. But someone can prove me wrong.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is nothing in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/rules-of-tennis.aspx&quot;&gt;ITF Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt; which would prohibit that. It even explains in an example case that “The receiver may take any position inside or outside the lines on the receiver’s side of the net.” (see &lt;em&gt;Case 1&lt;/em&gt; in rule #8). So yes, that would be legal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, that would be prohibited by the rules. Rule 24 states&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The point is lost if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e. The receiver returns the service before it bounces […]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T21:10:26.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12046" CreationDate="2015-09-14T21:26:15.213" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, the object &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a &quot;football&quot;. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/football&quot;&gt;Definition 9&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball used in any game called &quot;football&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, your premise is mistaken. Commentators &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; call it the &quot;ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/league-of-denial/transcript-50/&quot;&gt;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/league-of-denial/transcript-50/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He fumbled the ball! And let’s see— Minnesota has it! Jeff Seamon on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Play#Joe_Starkey.27s_call_of_The_Play&quot;&gt;Joe Starkey's call of &quot;The Play&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the ball is still loose, as they get it to Rodgers!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching in Google for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22comes+down+with+the%22+nfl&quot;&gt;&quot;comes down with the&quot; NFL&lt;/a&gt; yields many examples of &quot;comes down with the ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will try to get a better estimate, but I believe it is called &quot;the ball&quot; more often than it is called &quot;the football&quot; during broadcast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9988" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-09-15T00:38:50.297" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T00:38:50.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12052" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T23:58:53.777" Score="6" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I know if the soccer shoes in a store are approved by USSF?&#xA;The location of the lead cleat on the new styles of shoes &#xA;appears dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9991" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-05-27T19:25:55.807" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T15:17:58.797" Title="Approved soccer shoes" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12044" CreationDate="2015-09-16T05:23:27.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Men&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_tiebreaker_in_tennis#Men%27s_doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Longest tiebreaker in tennis&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longest_tiebreaker_in_tennis&amp;amp;oldid=996924163#Men%27s_doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) lists 52 points (27-25) from the match between  Bury/Kowalczyk and Dasnières de Veigy/Gicquel in the first round of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Morocco_Tennis_Tour_%E2%80%93_Marrakech_%E2%80%93_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 Marrakech challenger&lt;/a&gt;. However, this was at ATP Challenger Tour, not at ATP World Tour level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The longest supertiebreak at an ATP tournament seems to be 44 points (23-21) from the match between Montañés/Ramírez Hidalgo and Aspelin/Čermák in the first round of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Estoril_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 Estoril Open&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/showthread.php?t=198802&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170706051124/https://tennisbios.com/view/tennis-atp-records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Women&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_tiebreaker_in_tennis#Women.27s_doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Longest tiebreaker in tennis&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longest_tiebreaker_in_tennis&amp;amp;oldid=730042617#Women.27s_doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) lists as the record 42 points (22-20) from the first round match at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Bausch_%26_Lomb_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 Amelia Island&lt;/a&gt; between Pratt/Stewart and Morariu/Stubbs. The reference given in the Wikipedia article is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/8769&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A Closer Look at the Longest Tie-Breaker in Tennis History; World Tennis Magazine&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20130113071447/http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/8769&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another long super tie-break is mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3771297&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from WTA website (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/2*/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3771297&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;). It was 40 points (21-19) from the first round match at&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Bausch_%26_Lomb_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 Amelia Island&lt;/a&gt; between Mattek/Uhlířová and Craybas/Krajicek with super tie break .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T21:31:04.927" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T21:31:04.927" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-09-16T05:23:27.847" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12038" CreationDate="2015-09-17T01:27:31.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it's a new element of Federer's gameplay. To do this, he must time his opponent's serve correctly. He waits for the opponent to toss the ball into the air, and then when they are looking upwards to the sky, he rushes forward from the baseline toward the net. He is then able to take the ball early and catch the server by surprise. He does not win a large majority of points when he uses this tactic, but it does get in the opponent's head, usually causing them to make more errors on serve (double faults).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He mainly only used it in practice; when Severin Luthi advised him to use it in matches, Federer was not sure if it would work, but liked the results, and continued using the tactic throughout the US Open. It does not work well against high-pace servers, though (John Isner, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, etc.), since Roger does not have ample time to react to the serve, often over 130-135 miles per hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10002" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T01:27:31.700" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12060" CreationDate="2015-09-17T03:22:14.460" Score="4" ViewCount="589" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;coefficient rankings here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain and Germany are first and second, while England is third. However, Spain and Germany only have 7 places available, but England has eight. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T05:26:02.013" Title="Why does England have 8 places in Europe while Spain and Germany only have 7?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12059" CreationDate="2015-09-17T05:26:02.013" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every year 3 countries get 1 more berth in the uefa europa league first qualifying round based on countries fair play rankings. Based on last year ranking England got that 1 extra spot and West Ham were the highest placed team in the fair play ranking that have not qualified to the champions league or europa league they qualified for the first qualifying round of the europa league&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9872" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T05:26:02.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-17T15:18:46.870" Score="1" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis sport, all 4 grand slams are played in a specific order in a year. First we Australian Open, then French, Wimbledon and in the last we have US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain the exact reason why this order is fixed and how it was decided when first time these championships came into play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T00:53:12.257" Title="How it was decided that year's first grand slam will be Australian Open?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10615" CreationDate="2015-09-17T18:10:04.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I honestly believe that you should do some under-distances to work on your speed, because compared to the distances you are used to a 2km run is almost a sprint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As things stand, you will struggle if you find a fast guy at the end of the race. You might stand no chance in beating him in a sprint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - I'd work on some repetitions over a shorter distance (say 500m) at a higher pace than you are used to do your long runs. Even better, try to make them in increasing pace and go hard for the last one. You really need to stimulate your muscles to react for the last sprint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10006" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T18:10:04.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12062" CreationDate="2015-09-18T17:12:03.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Australian Open didn't really become one of the 4 majors that all the top players competed in until the early 1980's. In fact, the tournament wasn't even held in 1986 because of a reshuffling of the schedule that year. As with most tournaments on the ATP and WTA tours, they are held during a time of year that has the best weather. For the Australian Open, that means during the summer time in the southern hemisphere, so, late January/early February. If you go back far enough in the history of the Australian Open you'll see the dates for it being in December, so it's moved around on the calendar a little bit over the years before it finally settled into the same two weeks over the past 25 years or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the other majors - it's really the same reason. Paris has good weather in late May/early June. Wimbledon has - typically - the best weather for tennis in late June/early July. The US Open could really be played anytime from June through September but Wimbledon and the French Open already had the calendar during the earlier summer months so it's been played in late August.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also keep in mind that the French-Wimbledon-US Open are three different surfaces so the tour tries to allow for some time in between each event for players to play in warm up tournaments on the respective surfaces to allow players to adjust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T19:28:27.080" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T19:28:27.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12131" CreationDate="2015-09-18T21:59:38.407" Score="-2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it certain that the FedEx Cup is finished on the same day as the final round (Sunday) or could it be played the following day (eg, a playoff on Monday)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The rule change noted in comments applies to the US Open, not the FedEx Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10013" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T13:07:29.390" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T13:07:29.390" Title="Can a FedEx Cup playoff be extended to a Monday?" Tags="|golf|awards|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-04-17T14:30:25.710" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2015-09-19T03:05:42.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wishbone requires a tough quarterback. Like stated earlier, they get hit A LOT.  The offense can still work with smart disciplined offense players. My high school ran it sometimes and it opens up play-action passes quite well. Play to your strengths. If you have big road-grader lineman, a big tough fullback, a smart QB with speed, along with a fast HB, you can run it effectively. We always put our fast and more athletic guys on defense and hoped to win 14-7 or something similar to that.  Definitely not a sexy offense but it can be effective still if run right.  Maybe I'm just old school but I still think there's room for it in football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10014" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-09-26T00:08:41.723" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T00:08:41.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12069" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-19T03:14:30.657" Score="1" ViewCount="771" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where can I find the distance covered by players in the Premier League and the other 5 big leagues? I know you can find the ones for the Champions League on UEFA's site but I can't seem to find it for these leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10016" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-09-19T11:30:03.790" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:43:17.647" Title="Distance covered in Premier League" Tags="|football|statistics|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12070" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-19T23:31:18.640" Score="4" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are catchers allowed to block the plate before they receive the ball if the ball is fielded in the infield ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10021" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:28:25.323" Title="Does MLB rules prevent blocking home plate on infield hits" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9135" CreationDate="2015-09-19T23:39:45.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are other relievers that &quot;jump&quot; off the rubber in their delivery. One I recall in particular is an 8th inning set up guy for Atlanta.  He was traded in the off season to St. Louis.  I believe his name is Jordan Walden.  I never saw umpires call a balk on him or other such deliveries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10021" LastActivityDate="2015-09-19T23:39:45.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9230" CreationDate="2015-09-19T23:48:35.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it is usually to a hitter's advantage to hit against an opposite throwing pitcher it is not always that simple.  Some left handed hitters have a better season average against left hand pitchers while some right hand pitchers have better luck against left hand batters.  The manager can look at each individual situation as they come up . . is the pitcher on his game tonite or is the hitter on a streak?  Not as simple as looking at right vs. left&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10021" LastActivityDate="2015-09-19T23:48:35.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10579" CreationDate="2015-09-19T23:59:04.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If this an unused glove you need to properly form it. There are many methods but I always used neetfoot oil to soften the leather and then placed a ball in the pocket and kept it there when not in use. The photo appears to be a bit of a &quot;roll&quot; in the pocket standing up. Just oil it to soften and use it and see if it forms to your liking. I am not saying it is not a good glove but the high quality (and high price) gloves are easier to work with new&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10021" LastActivityDate="2015-09-19T23:59:04.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12114" CreationDate="2015-09-20T10:16:56.887" Score="5" ViewCount="4299" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NBA there are a lot of available stats:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rebounds (def/off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Assist&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blocks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;% of free throw/2p/3p&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Minutes played&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and maybe many more that I do not remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does all the stats collected? There are a kind of software that register those info or are collected by human or what else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:25:49.887" Title="How to collect stats in NBA?" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12078" CreationDate="2015-09-20T11:07:42.527" Score="4" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am just baffled by the way that players like De Bruyne, Sterling etc are costing huge amounts of money for the clubs. I personally don't feel that these players are worth this much. Also Juventus demanding 100€ or more for Pogba is just insane, no doubt he is a great midfielder but  not worth that sum of money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there any rule in Fifa books that caps the amount of transfer money being paid for a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9983" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-09-20T13:43:16.577" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T05:30:29.720" Title="Is there a rule in football that caps the amount of transfer money paid by a team for a player?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12080" CreationDate="2015-09-20T12:38:49.327" Score="4" ViewCount="4023" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often hear the English premier league referred to as a more physical league compared to the other European leagues. The talk is always about how foreign players struggle to adapt to the physicality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly is meant by this? I would have thought that the sport was the same regardless of where it was played. Is it more physical in terms of scheduling (mid-week league games are a ridiculous concept to me), or is it something in the gameplay?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case it's not obvious, the EPL and World Cups are pretty much the only chances I get to watch the sport!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10024" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:15:04.240" Title="Why is the premier league considered a more physical competition?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-04-12T18:50:27.900" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12075" CreationDate="2015-09-21T05:30:29.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there's no FIFA rule that caps the transfer sum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... and I'll guess we'll see more insane transfers the next years with the Premier League having this absolute ludicrous TV contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T05:30:29.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12076" CreationDate="2015-09-21T05:43:16.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this statement is out of date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There definitively was a time where the British clubs played &quot;kick 'n rush&quot; (or at least more than other clubs).&#xA;But it's like the other claims:&#xA;- Spanish league is more technical&#xA;- Italian league is slow but defensive orientated (just 1:0 wins etc ...)&#xA;- German league is more tactical&#xA;- ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as you can see in the European Cups, the top teams are playing on one level. They might have their own tactical concept, but it's not necessarily linked with their domestic league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just have a look on Bayern Munich (Germany):&#xA;Lot of people saying they're playing the Barcelona style of &quot;tiki-taka&quot;. Obviously this is because their coach is former coach of Barcelona CF (and inventor of &quot;tiki-taka&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless there are a lot of players struggling to adopt the tactics and concepts of their new team ... or their new league. But this isn't only true for players switching to the English leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T11:15:04.240" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:15:04.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12076" CreationDate="2015-09-21T09:03:38.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One contributing factor to this theory is that referees in the English Premier League, and generally in British football, are more lenient than their counterparts in the rest of Europe. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/premier-league-red-card-rate-is-lowest-in-europe--has-the-top-flight-gone-soft-8581056.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Article on red cards in EPL&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-508943/Its-official-English-refs-Europes-lenient.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Article on leniency in EPL&lt;/a&gt;. This, along with the idea that English Premier League teams are less tactical and rely on more power and pace, can support the theory of the games themselves being more physical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another important factor is the lack of a winter break during the Premier League season - many other professional leagues have a mid season break, whereas the Christmas/New Year period is one of the busiest in the season with teams often playing 3 games in a week. Allied with having two very competitive domestic cup competitions, and limited scheduling flexibility to help support teams playing in European cup competitions, contribute to the English Premier League being a physically demanding competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10027" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T09:03:38.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12069" CreationDate="2015-09-21T11:43:17.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The distance covered by players can be calculated from the data via the performance data feeds provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.optasports.com/services/media/data-feeds/performance-data-feeds.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Opta&lt;/a&gt;, however these are commercial and would require some form of payment to access them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10027" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:43:17.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12083" CreationDate="2015-09-21T13:20:35.177" Score="5" ViewCount="2102" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the English Premier League, if any team deliberately tries to lose a game to give the opposition more points that could possibly damage the league position of a third team, say by fielding a weakened side or in extreme case score own goals, is there any penalty they could face for such action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I heard few years back that relegation some candidate threatened to report Chelsea to FA because they fielded a weakened side with young players against their relegation rivals at the end of the season game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular criteria set by FA to determine just what constitutes a weakened side in such a case, since the strength of a team is very subjective? Secondly has there ever been any action taken for such an incident in past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: (Could find an example for EPL but here's a &lt;strong&gt;hypothetical&lt;/strong&gt; example for CL group stage where losing is beneficial)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the final two matches Roma play Celtic and Barcelona play Shaktar. Barcelona had a poor run in previous five games due to injury to key players and silly red cards. Assuming that Barcelona can beat Shaktar in the final game, it makes sense for Roma to lose to Celtic deliberately to make them qualify instead of Barcelona, so that they wouldn't have to face a full strength Barcelona later in the group stages when all their key players have recovered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RxBid.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RxBid.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="9902" LastEditDate="2015-09-23T05:14:46.953" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T05:14:46.953" Title="Is there a penalty for deliberating losing or fielding a weakened side?" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12082" CreationDate="2015-09-21T13:35:25.450" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 2011, teams have been allowed to field any combination of their 25 man &quot;match day&quot; squad &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14166038&quot;&gt;without fear of reprisals from the Premier League&lt;/a&gt;. Previously to that, teams were fined (relatively) small amounts for infringements, for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/blackpool/9378679.stm&quot;&gt;Blackpool in 2010&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/blackpool/9378679.stm&quot;&gt;suspended fine for Wolves in 2009&lt;/a&gt;. Teams can in theory still be punished if they field weakened teams with players from outside their 25 man match day squad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team does anything like deliberately scoring own goals to benefit another team, they can expect to have a ton of bricks dropped on them by both the Premier League and the FA for bringing the game into disrepute, barring exceptional situations like that which occurred in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33744346&quot;&gt;Doncaster vs Bury&lt;/a&gt; in August 2015, when Doncaster allowed Bury to score an equaliser after accidentally scoring when returning the ball after an injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T13:45:00.030" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T13:45:00.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12086" CreationDate="2015-09-21T15:50:19.077" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;So what will happen to clubs like Espanyol and Barcelona if Catalonia gets independence? Will they continue in La Liga or play in another league? Are there any official announcements regarding this matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9983" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T01:40:27.540" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T01:40:27.540" Title="Where will FC Barcelona play if Catalonia gets independence?" Tags="|football|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2015-09-22T09:51:47.757" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12070" CreationDate="2015-09-21T17:28:25.323" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the catcher is not allowed to block home plate without possession of the ball. For this, it doesn't matter whether the ball is coming from the infield or somewhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB's Official Baseball Rules (OBR) 2015 edition&lt;/a&gt; Rule 6.01(i)(2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless the catcher is in possession of the ball, the catcher cannot block the pathway of the runner as he is attempting to score. If, in the judgement of the umpire, the catcher without possession of the ball blocks the pathway of the runner, the umpire shall call or signal the runner safe. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10028" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:28:25.323" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12084" CreationDate="2015-09-21T18:20:40.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Might be a coincidence, or maybe you read something about it today(most likely i guess)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But last night Spanish football president, Javier Tebas &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/en/2015/09/21/en/football/spanish_football/1442853290.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;announced&lt;/a&gt; that Catalan teams would not be able to participate in the Spanish football league. Something he has done &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/en/2014/10/07/en/football/spanish_football/1412680848.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;before&lt;/a&gt; apparently. Also Spanish Sports Council president agreed on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As regulated by Spanish sport laws, only teams from Andorra can compete in the Spanish (football) leagues as non-Spanish clubs. For that law to change there as to be a vote by the Spanish parliament, which might not be keen on letting them in as kind of repercussion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the other hand I(!) can't not think they would allow them to participate in the end. &lt;em&gt;For good measure, my humble opinion&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:11:06.150" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:11:06.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12088" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-22T09:15:03.493" Score="5" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do current FIFA transfer rules allow for transfer out of the window period in any circumstances (excluding free transfers or loan recalls)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The recent example was Mascherano's transfer from West Ham to Liverpool in February of 2007 for which special dispensation was asked from FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T17:17:25.470" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T11:33:03.527" Title="What are the rules for a non-seasonal transfer?" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12089" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12090" CreationDate="2015-09-22T12:15:35.213" Score="5" ViewCount="9351" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the first matches of the 2015 Rugby World Cup there are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;winner teams with 5 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;winner teams with 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;loser teams with 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;loser teams with 1 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;loser teams with 0 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are points awarded for each match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-09-30T14:28:31.143" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T21:47:51.960" Title="How are points awarded in the group stage of the Rugby World Cup?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12089" CreationDate="2015-09-22T12:33:21.313" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In common with many of the major domestic leagues, the World Cup is using the concept of &quot;bonus points&quot; in addition to points for a win or draw. The precise details can be seen in section 1.1.2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160214132854/https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/tournament-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tournament Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following number of Match points will be awarded for each pool phase Match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Win 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Draw 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Loss 0 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;4 or more tries 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Loss by 7 points or less 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore the teams with 5 points both won and scored 4 or more tries; the teams with 4 won, but didn't score 4 tries. The team with 2 points &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/match/14194#latest&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost, but both scored 4 or more tries and lost by 7 points or fewer&lt;/a&gt;. Teams with one point lost, and &lt;em&gt;either&lt;/em&gt; scored 4 or more tries, or lost by 7 points or fewer. Teams with zero points lost and neither scored 4 tries nor lost by 7 points or fewer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T21:47:51.960" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T21:47:51.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12091" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-22T16:44:04.780" Score="8" ViewCount="13970" Body="&lt;p&gt;When my opponent first serves a ball, can I set and pass the ball over the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend told me that this is a fault - but the ball was coming towards my face, so I don't see what else could I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10031" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2020-12-25T08:57:04.363" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T12:45:39.250" Title="Can the volleyball be set over the net on the first touch?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12091" CreationDate="2015-09-22T16:53:56.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a fault to set the ball back over the net on the first contact. Two exceptions to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are playing beach volleyball as opposed to indoor volleyball, you cannot set the first contact at all - it doesn't matter if it goes over the net or not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may not play the serve directly back over the net if the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net and in the front zone (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 13.2.4&lt;/a&gt;). Basically this is &amp;quot;you can't block the serve&amp;quot;, but it equally applies to setting the ball back &lt;em&gt;if the ball is higher than the top of the net&lt;/em&gt;; perhaps it is this rule which is confusing your friend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, none of this means it's a good idea to play the ball directly back - you should always be trying to pass the ball to your own side one way or another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2020-12-22T23:22:06.887" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T23:22:06.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-22T19:30:27.933" Score="5" ViewCount="7137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching football this past week and a play got to me.  Sorry I can't remember the exact game (I watched all 32 games the past two weeks) but maybe someone will be able to find it.  This question has me a little perplexed because I know the answer for high school football but not NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So NFL.  Player fumbles.  Offensive player has part of his body out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two part question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If defensive player is gathering the fumble but hasn't retained 100% possession is the ball considered out of bounds if the offensive player makes contact with the ball when he is touching out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Same question but instead of touching the ball the defensive player is resting on the offensive player who is out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T15:20:56.673" Title="Player out of bounds during fumble?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12095" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-23T03:43:35.120" Score="4" ViewCount="2299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the wicket-keeper wear pads in cricket? Is it a rule, or is it a choice they make?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-23T07:39:03.867" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T07:45:09.187" Title="Is it compulsory for the wicket-keeper to wear pads?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12082" CreationDate="2015-09-23T04:36:40.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you're mixing two different issues together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deliberately losing the game is unsportsmanlike behavior, puts the intended third team under unjust competition conditions and will be punished by the regulatory body, very possibly severely (point deduction and even relegation). Scoring a deliberate own goal is one of such an obvious behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fielding an under-strength team, on the other hand, is allowed. However, in most cases it's not because the team want to deliberately lose the game. It's because of the tight schedule and thus the need to rest key players and rotate the squad. This is why a team has 25 players registered, not 18.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you might argue that if a team really wants to &lt;em&gt;deliberately lose&lt;/em&gt;, it can still deliberately field all its substitute players even when the starting players are healthy, and play sluggishly without actually putting the ball into their own net. Such a behavior would be muddier to judge. However, I don't think there would be any case where a team really wants to lose a game &lt;strong&gt;on its own&lt;/strong&gt;: it simply makes no sense for them. If that happens, it's almost surely because of bribery from another team, and in such a case it would certainly be a breach of rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T04:36:40.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12099" CreationDate="2015-09-23T06:21:10.037" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, if a squirrel picks away the golf, is it count for movement or just remain the original position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T09:15:19.470" Title="is ball movement count if the golf is affected by wild animals?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12095" CreationDate="2015-09-23T07:38:18.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the wicket-keeper is not required to wear pads. To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 40.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The wicket-keeper is the only fielder &lt;em&gt;permitted&lt;/em&gt; to wear gloves and external leg guards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis) Note that's &quot;permitted&quot; not &quot;required&quot;. As for why, that's simple - being hit on the shins by a cricket ball &lt;em&gt;hurts&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-23T07:45:09.187" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T07:45:09.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12097" CreationDate="2015-09-23T09:15:19.470" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would come under Rule 18 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.randa.org/en/Rules-and-Amateur-Status/Rules-of-Golf.aspx#/rules/?ruleNum=18&amp;amp;subRuleNum=1&quot;&gt;Ball at rest moved by outside agency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially there is no penalty to the player, and the ball should be replaced. Note that you need to be sure it was an outside agency that moved the ball - neither wind nor water count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T09:15:19.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12100" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-23T13:16:49.690" Score="9" ViewCount="3482" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reason an NFL team loses a timeout if it challenges and the challenge fails?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10034" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:14:10.173" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:14:10.173" Title="Why does an unsuccessful NFL challenge result in the loss of a timeout?" Tags="|rules|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9173" CreationDate="2015-09-23T13:18:12.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A similar thing happened in 1994 during the Japanese Grand Prix. &#xA;Brundle's accident did bring out the red flag, under torrential conditions and a crash implying himself and a course worker (whom was already assisting an other car in trouble... remind you of anything recent?).&#xA;At restart, as the rain became moderate, it was decided to run the remainder of the race, with around one hour to the time limit, on aggregate corrected time. Schumacher had been leading by 6.8 seconds when the red flag was shown, but since Hill (who passed Schumacher at restart) had a bigger lead (10.1 seconds) at the chequered flag, Hill was declared the winner by 3.3 seconds. This was the last instance of corrected time being used in Formula 1 to declare a race winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10035" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T13:18:12.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12100" CreationDate="2015-09-23T13:43:07.040" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bottom line: because that's what rules say. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule15&quot;&gt;2015 Rulebook, Rule 15, Section 2, Article 1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each challenge will require the use of a team timeout. If a challenge is upheld, the timeout will be restored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; that was the rule chosen by the NFL, you're into the area of speculation, but a challenge is in some ways similar to a timeout in that it gives players a chance to catch their breath, make substitutions etc. Obviously it doesn't stop the clock, but there has to be something to stop teams being able to throw a spurious challenge flag purely to slow things down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T13:43:07.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12105" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12106" CreationDate="2015-09-24T05:05:22.630" Score="0" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;During international cricket matches who will decide the commentary panel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any eligibility criteria for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When will they announce the list of commentators for the particular series? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3354" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T14:50:30.177" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T14:50:18.563" Title="Who will decide commentary team in cricket" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12105" CreationDate="2015-09-24T08:03:38.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During international cricket matches who will decide the commentary panel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The broadcaster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any eligibility criteria for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When will they announce the list of commentators for the particular series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When they feel like it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T08:03:38.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12113" CreationDate="2015-09-24T08:15:14.910" Score="3" ViewCount="1507" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hair may increase the air resistance and weight and hinder running; given this, why do some sprinters keep their hair?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-25T10:30:51.437" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T10:30:51.437" Title="Why don't all sprinters shave their heads clean?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-24T08:22:14.837" Score="4" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;So this is an odd one which no one I've asked can actually answer.  In all scenarios the second row immediately turns to face his teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Scenario 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second row catches the ball from a lineout.  The opposition grab him.  His forwards form around him and the ball is smuggled to the back.  A maul is formed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Scenario 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second row catches the ball from a lineout.  The opposition remain a yard back from him.  His forwards form around him and the ball is smuggled to the back.  They then maul forward into the opposition and the referee pings them for &quot;Truck and Trailer&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;These two scenarios are relatively common and are understood.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Scenario 3&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;(As seen during the recent opening round of the rugby World Cup)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second row catches the ball from a lineout.  The opposition remain a yard back from him.  His forwards form around him.  Recognising that he has not been tackled he holds on to the ball and, while making eye contact with the ref, starts shouting &quot;I still have the ball&quot;.  Avoiding the previous potential for offside (accidental or otherwise) the players begin to trundle forward.  One of the defenders now performs a chop tackle on the second row who still has the ball, taking him down and, by proxy, a number of the other forwards driving in.  The referee, in this game, immediately blew for an infringement by the defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how is this &quot;bringing down a maul&quot; if the maul has not yet been formed.  Surely this is no different to a player running at the defensive line with a support runner driving into the defenders alongside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T08:35:23.803" LastActivityDate="2016-03-19T00:57:57.657" Title="Collapsing of a Maul if the Maul isn't actually formed" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12100" CreationDate="2015-09-24T16:42:36.537" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can be answered definitively, without much speculation, by reading articles from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-game/history-of-instant-replay/&quot;&gt;NFL&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The initial replay system, in place from 1986 to 1991, was scrapped for two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a six-season run, instant replay met its demise in 1991 when 17 owners voted against renewing the system. The belief: The system delayed games too much and failed to get enough of the calls correct.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And while it probably didn't slow the game down that much, coaches were challenging a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt;, and not winning very many challenges:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1991: 224 games, 570 challenges (2.5 per game), 90 overturned calls (15.7%)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it took almost 15 minutes of added time (say, 2 minutes per call, and almost 1/7 overturn rate) to get one overturned call.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When replay was being re-considered, in 1996, not only did they try to do a better job of getting calls correct, but they also added the following rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each coach could challenge three plays per half — at the cost of a timeout per review. The league went away from the old version of replay officials in skyboxes and gave referees the authority to review plays on the field inside a booth equipped with monitors. And referees now had only 90 seconds to make their ruling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that system (trialed in the 1996 preseason) was not passed, because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Despite the changes, owners voted against implementation for the 1997 regular season. The main hang-up centered on each review costing teams a timeout, even when a challenge was successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as such, when replay was reconsidered again in 1999, it was with the following change:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Coaches, unwilling to trade a timeout for any review, would now be charged a timeout only for unsuccessful challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can see the progression: First replay was too slow and had too many challenges, and so they added the idea of a replay using a time-out, to both reduce spurious challenges and reduce the length of the game.  The coaches didn't support that, but did agree to a compromise - losing a timeout on an unsuccessful challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T16:42:36.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12093" CreationDate="2015-09-24T17:08:14.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some rule notes that may help clear this up, from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://uaasnfl.blob.core.windows.net/live/1807/2015_nfl_rule_book_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook 2015 edition&lt;/a&gt;.  However, it's likely that this is a highly technical issue that is hard to give a good answer to without game film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3, section 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A recovery is made when a player inbounds secures possession of a loose ball after it has touched the ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3, section 2, article 7:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 2. Possession of Loose Ball. To gain possession of a loose ball that has been caught, intercepted, or recovered, a&#xA;  player must have complete control of the ball and have both feet or any other part of his body, other than his hands,&#xA;  completely on the ground inbounds, and then maintain control of the ball until he has clearly become a runner. A player&#xA;  becomes a runner when he is capable of avoiding or warding off impending contact of an opponent. If the player loses the ball&#xA;  while simultaneously touching both feet or any other part of his body to the ground, there is no possession. This rule applies in&#xA;  the field of play and in the end zone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we know what a player has to do to secure possession: have the ball, and both feet or hands OR one elbow/knee/etc. in bounds.  Just like a catch, and in fact there is later information that says the same - it has to continue through a trip to the ground, aka the Calvin Johnson rule, just like a pass.  This should cover your second point, in part: regardless of anything else, the ball must be possessed &lt;em&gt;in bounds&lt;/em&gt;, so a player out of bounds would have to reestablish in bounds.  A player on top of an out of bounds player could only recover the ball if parts of him &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; in bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what about the ball being out of bounds/in bounds (ie, the first scenario)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8, section 7 (Fumbles):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a fumble goes backward and out of bounds, the ball is next put in play at the inbounds spot by the team that was last in possession &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the &lt;em&gt;ball&lt;/em&gt; is what this is discussing, in terms of being 'out of bounds' (this is important, because there are some slight differences in what counts for ball vs. person).  (The rule about 'forward' is similar.)  So we go back to Rule 3, Section 21 to look at whether a ball is in bounds or out of bounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 2. Loose Ball. A loose ball is out of bounds when it touches a boundary line or anything that is on or outside such line,&#xA;  including a player, an official, or a pylon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A loose ball is out of bounds when it touches a player who is out of bounds.  That means that in the first scenario, that ball instantly is out of bounds - it has touched a player out of bounds. It doesn't matter that it's the offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the ball was determined to be in possession of the defensive player, the rule is different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 1. Ball in Player Possession. A ball that is in player possession is out of bounds when the runner is out of bounds, or&#xA;  when the ball touches a boundary line or anything that is on or outside such line, except another player or an official. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the ball is not yet recovered (per 3-2-7), the touching of the offensive player is sufficient to make it out of bounds.  If the ball is recovered per 3-2-7, then touching the offensive player is irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To specifically answer the question, &lt;em&gt;if the conditions are as stated&lt;/em&gt;, in scenario 1 the ball is out of bounds and reverts to the team who last possessed it (regardless of side).  In scenario 2, the ball is also likely out of bounds, but not definitely (as the player is not &quot;out of bounds&quot; until some part of him actually touches the ground), and the defensive player could theoretically touch down in bounds.  NFL does not consider a player touching another player to be out of bounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. PLAYER OR OFFICIAL OUT OF BOUNDS. A player or an Official is Out of Bounds when he touches a&#xA;  boundary line, or when he touches anything that is on or outside a boundary line, except a player, an official, or a pylon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T17:08:14.203" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12111" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-24T18:43:01.253" Score="1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most countries that once were part of the British Empire, rugby and cricket are very popular.  I am trying to explain why rugby, however, never caught on in India and perhaps the West Indies.  Cricket, on the other hand, is very popular there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. are there cultural reasons against rough sports in those parts of the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10041" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T18:43:01.253" Title="How come rugby isn't very popular in India?" Tags="|history|rugby|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-09-28T14:51:30.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12115" CreationDate="2015-09-24T18:57:46.890" Score="2" ViewCount="789" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to make a display using arduino that shows &quot;who's on first&quot; etc at yankee stadium. So, I'm looking for a real-time feed with that info. What are my options? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10042" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:01:56.787" Title="Real-time baseball data?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12107" CreationDate="2015-09-24T20:28:13.817" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll assume you that you have competitive swimming in mind when thought of this.  The main difference between swimming and sprinting is that a swimmer's body is mostly horizontal throughout the race while a sprinter is running upright.  This makes a shaved head or a cap on a swimmer more valuable because they are leading with their head, cutting through the water resistance with it (well, their hands do a lot of the lead work but the head is important).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, think about how when you are swimming, you can feel the water flow down your entire body from head to toe.  In comparison, when you are running, the entire front of your body cuts into the air resistance, but only &quot;flows&quot; the few inches that are the width of your sides.  So basically, someone shaving their head or body for a sprint wouldn't hurt...but it would only help a very miniscule amount, not enough to warrant shaving your head (unless you need an excuse to try it out and see what it looks like).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T20:28:13.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12074" CreationDate="2015-09-24T20:58:11.297" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;At every game, there are two groups of two people who are in charge of collecting these stats.  One person in each group keeps an eye on the game and tells the other person what events to mark down.  The other person has a computer tablet with which they mark these things down--so player A just got a rebound...player B just attempted a shot and missed, etc.  The referee's whistle actually activates the devices to know when to start and stop the game clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The information input to these tablets is sent to the official scorer and any calculations are automated (such as field goal percentage).  The reason there are two teams doing this is for times where one person may miss something or the two groups' info doesn't match.  In those cases, they can use a DVR to replay the event in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For newer, more advanced statistics, this is pretty cool:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.nba.com/tracking/#!/player/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://stats.nba.com/tracking/#!/player/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Six cameras are set up to continuously track every movement and output some interesting stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T21:25:49.887" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:25:49.887" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12112" CreationDate="2015-09-24T21:01:56.787" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure you're going to find a &quot;free&quot; solution that is legitimately usable in the fashion you require and official/guaranteed to persist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, MLB does publish an API, and has for years - it's just not something they guarantee.  It's their &lt;a href=&quot;http://gd2.mlb.com/components/game/mlb/&quot;&gt;GamedayAPI&lt;/a&gt;.  I'm not sure how frequently it's updated, but I just peeked at the folder for 9/24/2015 ARIvsLAN and found that they were at least on the current inning compared to the live site, so it's obviously pretty up to date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common commercial product is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.baseballinfosolutions.com/commercial-products/&quot;&gt;Baseball Info Solutions&lt;/a&gt;, which provides data to sites like FanGraphs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:01:56.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12127" CreationDate="2015-09-25T04:31:10.910" Score="5" ViewCount="7492" Body="&lt;p&gt;A first hit is over passed towards the net and passes &lt;em&gt;partially&lt;/em&gt; through the plane of the net. The back row setter is tall and jumps to pull the ball back with a closed fist. Is this a legal hit? Or does the moment the ball touches the plane mean that the back row setter makes an illegal attack on the ball even though he is pulling the ball back for a third hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the ball position where the back row setter makes contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qrkHB.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qrkHB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10044" LastEditorUserId="10044" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T14:06:27.973" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T20:49:18.940" Title="Can a back row setter reach into the plane to play the ball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12116" CreationDate="2015-09-25T07:29:09.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on exactly which part of the ball is played. The fundamental rule here (which applies equally to front row and back row players) is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 9&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team must play within its own playing area and space&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. any contact with the ball must be made while the ball is still on that team's side of the net: if the part of the ball which was touched was entirely on the receiving team's side of the net, then it is a legal touch. Conversely, if the part of the ball that was touched is on the opponent's side of the court, it is a fault. All that applies equally to front and back row players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(As you're aware, a front row player could attempt an attack hit on the ball. Of course, if a back row player attempted an attack hit on the ball while it was above the height of the net, that would also be a fault).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-25T19:22:24.073" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T19:22:24.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12100" CreationDate="2015-09-26T05:57:47.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is a timeout.  When you throw the flag the clock stops.  The play is reviewed and then the clock is only wound when the referee sets the ball.  And then the offense could run a play in less than 5 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically any smart coach with 2 timeouts and a minute to go would use the challenge flag as soon as he could if he weren't charged a timeout.  So instead of losing 20 seconds on a play they would lose 3-5 seconds.  The rule was put in for this exact fact.  We would have mindless flags at the end of each game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T05:57:47.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12119" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-26T23:04:45.420" Score="4" ViewCount="2517" Body="&lt;p&gt;This just happened in our soccer game. &#xA;A defender gets possession of the ball and attempts to clear it out of the penalty box but it deflects off an opponent, who is onside and goes straight to another opponent who is standing in an offside position. Is this player offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10051" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T16:52:47.617" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T16:52:47.617" Title="Is there offside if the ball is deflected from a teammate?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12125" CreationDate="2015-09-27T09:44:00.247" Score="4" ViewCount="1988" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the Men's side, it's fairly simple &amp;amp; unambiguous. Men's tennis events for the season are classified into 3 tiers. ATP Masters 1000, ATP 500 &amp;amp; ATP 250 in decreasing order of importance based on points.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on the Women's side, there seems to be 3 tiers but the events are classified as WTA Premier &amp;amp; WTA international in decreasing order of importance based on points. But at this point it gets ambiguous. Taking into account the recent tournaments, WTA Tokyo(concluded today) &amp;amp; WTA Wuhan(starting today) are listed as WTA Premier events. But WTA Tokyo awards 470 points while WTA Wuhan awards 900 points.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how can I unambiguously classify WTA events based on tiers? Also please list all the WTA events in a season which are Tier 1(900 points events)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:31:19.327" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T08:04:47.613" Title="How are the different events classified according to tiers on the Women's Tennis circuit?" Tags="|tennis|wta|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12122" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-27T14:14:52.107" Score="1" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;My son has gone to several summer camps where archery was one of the special once-a-week activities (YMCA and similar type day camps).  He enjoyed it.  He seemed to have learned the basics of technique and safety in those camps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Half a year ago we bought him an archery set and a separate, big padded target.  Here's what the bow looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vEQTA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vEQTA.png&quot; alt=&quot;archery set&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He enjoys practicing in our yard and has been using it with good safety consciousness.  He has never had the fantasy of bow hunting -- perhaps because we don't know anyone who does this, perhaps because of the context in which he learned to do archery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We live in the suburbs of a college town.  There are some bow hunting enthusiasts in our area, but we don't happen to be personally acquainted with any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I was chatting with the mechanic who keeps my ancient Toyotas going.  He lives waay out in the country, and he said my son should be attending archery classes, which are held at sporting and hunting stores.  I would just as soon avoid those places, because my son does have fantasies of going deer hunting with firearms, but I am uncomfortable with firearms (for personal reasons that I won't get into here), and I'm afraid going to such a store on a weekly basis would inflame his interest in deer hunting and it would become an obsession.  (He has OCD.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing is that, although my son hasn't stopped to think about this yet, the truth is that he would find the blood and the death of the deer EXTREMELY distressing.  (He has heightened reactions to blood, and death, due to his OCD.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can we continue the way we've been doing, or do we really need to take him to archery classes?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T06:36:09.493" Title="Does a twelve-year-old need archery classes in order to have fun safely?" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12130" CreationDate="2015-09-27T15:21:51.260" Score="3" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know for sure (and could possibly give a source) as to why the NFL this year is using gold paint for the 50-yard markers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is somehow related to an anniversary, since it is the 50th Superbowl, but I haven't been able to verify it, and I hadn't actually heard any commentator say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:39:16.923" Title="Gold paint this year used in the NFL" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12126" CreationDate="2015-09-27T15:29:58.800" Score="3" ViewCount="575" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the most important rugby union club leagues in the world? By &quot;most important&quot; I mean the leagues where the players are professional and where the teams are able to win international cups and/or tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-09-27T19:02:35.907" LastActivityDate="2022-03-03T15:07:22.607" Title="What are the most important rugby union club leagues?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12121" CreationDate="2015-09-27T16:23:15.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2009 WTA has reformed categories for tournaments (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Premier_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Since 2009 tournaments are splitted in&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; Premier Mandatory (1000 points each)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt; Premier 5 (900 points)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt; Premier (470 points)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;several&lt;/strong&gt; international tournaments (280 points)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obiovously the most important tournaments are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; Grand Slam (2000 points each)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WTA finals (1500 points)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Befor 2009 the tournaments could be: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tier_I_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tier I&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tier_II_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tier II&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tier_III_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tier III&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tier_IV_tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tier IV&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T08:04:47.613" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T08:04:47.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2015-09-27T19:01:31.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the relatively limited geographical distribution of rugby union, it's not entirely surprising that the top leagues are in the top Test playing nations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.superxv.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Rugby&lt;/a&gt; in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa; in 2016, expanded to include Argentina and Japan.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lnr.fr/rugby-top-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top 14&lt;/a&gt; in France.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premiershiprugby.com/home.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premiership Rugby&lt;/a&gt; in England.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro14rugby.org/home.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro14&lt;/a&gt; in Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales; in 2017, expanded to include two South African clubs removed from Super Rugby.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than those leagues, the other major club competition is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epcrugby.com/home.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;European Rugby Champions Cup&lt;/a&gt;, which matches the top teams from England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales (the Six Nations countries) from the previous year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-01T20:07:27.550" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T20:07:27.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12116" CreationDate="2015-09-27T19:04:46.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;Edited&lt;/strong&gt; per amended question. &lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt; the setter made a fault of “reaching beyond the net”, signalled by the referee by a hand placed above the net, palm facing downwards.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two issues when a back-row player sets near/above the net:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether the hit itself was legal: Did the setter touch the ball within his own playing space? Was it a proper hit? (Was the ball not held/caught/thrown)? According to your image, the setter touched the ball beyond the net, above the opponent’s court. In that case, the setter made a fault of “reaching beyond the net”, signalled by the referee by a hand placed above the net, palm facing downwards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the set is imperfect and the setter actually plays the ball towards the opponent’s court, it counts as an attack hit. And back-row players cannot &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; an attack hit from the front zone when the ball is &lt;em&gt;completely above&lt;/em&gt; the top of the net. This means that if the setter hits the ball &lt;em&gt;completely&lt;/em&gt; above the top of the net towards the opponent’s court, it is an “attack hit fault” if the attack hit is &lt;em&gt;completed&lt;/em&gt;, which means either the ball crosses the vertical plane of the net &lt;em&gt;completely&lt;/em&gt;, or the opponent &lt;em&gt;touches the ball&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if the back-row setter touches the ball within his own playing area (or, theoretically, above the free zone, if the ball is overflying the net partially or completely outside the antennae), and plays it “backwards” into his own half of the court or parallel to the net or his teammate touches the ball prior to the ball crossing the net completely and prior to any blocking opponent touching the ball, it is valid play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant rules (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/rulesofthegame_vb.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2015-2016&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9: Each team must play within its own playing area and space&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.4.1 [Player’s faults at the net] A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space before or during the opponent’s attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.1.3: An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.2.3: A back-row player may also complete an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the contact a part of the ball is lower than the top of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.3.3: [Faults of the attack hit] A back-row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf. also cases 3.10.2 and 3.30 in the Volleyball Casebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.10.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Team A’s setter hit the ball above the net so that at the  moment of the hit his/her fingers were in the opponent’s space. After the set the ball flew parallel to the net toward an attacker. The blocker of team B touched the ball in team’s A space, so that the team A player could not execute the attack hit. How should the 1st referee decide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to Rule 9, each team must play the ball within its own playing area and space (except in the case of Rule 10.1.2). Therefore, since the setter has hit the ball in the opponent’s space, the setter committed a fault. The blocker also committed a fault by touching the ball in the opponent’s space before the attack hit. However, only the first fault is penalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.30&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A back row setter jumped from within the attack zone and set the ball while it was completely above the height of the net, directing it towards an attacker. Before the attacker could contact the ball, it penetrated the vertical plane of the net where it was blocked by the opponent’s setter. Was there a fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yes. The set became an illegal attack hit by a back row player when the attack hit was completed (in this case by contacting the opponent’s block). The rally should have been won by the opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2015-09-30T20:54:18.877" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T20:54:18.877" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12119" CreationDate="2015-09-27T19:48:11.773" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, this player is offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11 - Offside Offence of the IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment &lt;strong&gt;the ball is played or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate&lt;/strong&gt; is only penalised on becoming involved in&#xA;  active play by [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He would be onside if the ball was played directly to him by the defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T16:51:31.447" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T16:51:31.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12123" CreationDate="2015-09-28T14:39:16.923" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Super Bowl 50 is exactly the reason for it.  Here's a source that also mentions some of the other things (much gold-related) that the NFL is doing to commemorate the milestone:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/25120528/nfl-going-gold-in-2015-to-celebrate-super-bowl-50-5-things-to-know&quot;&gt;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/25120528/nfl-going-gold-in-2015-to-celebrate-super-bowl-50-5-things-to-know&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was even a mini-controversy recently about the Oakland Raiders not painting their 50 yard line gold:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/2015/9/22/9377843/raiders-50-yard-line-gold-rebellion-49ers&quot;&gt;http://www.sbnation.com/2015/9/22/9377843/raiders-50-yard-line-gold-rebellion-49ers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:39:16.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12067" CreationDate="2015-09-28T14:45:33.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the PGA Tour FedExCup Scenarios &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/fedexcup/2015/09/20/tour-championship-scenarios.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A possible tie for the FedExCup ... would result in a sudden death&#xA;  playoff&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it certain that the FedexCup is finished on Sunday or could it be a play off on Monday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as the sudden death playoff ends before play is called off due to darkness. If not, the playoff will continue on Monday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="10013" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T11:04:24.147" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T11:04:24.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12133" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12134" CreationDate="2015-09-28T17:40:01.037" Score="11" ViewCount="42481" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the etymology of this term in basketball, that an assist is called a dime?  I tried looking up on google but I didn't find any satisfactory answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T17:43:03.770" LastActivityDate="2023-11-17T16:10:33.997" Title="Why are assists in basketball called &quot;dimes&quot;?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12133" CreationDate="2015-09-28T20:26:10.323" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't really a verifiable source on this, unfortunately, without perhaps doing a ton of research of old television announcers.  I've never seen that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I have found so far, is that it likely dates back to urban slang, popular on the east coast (which is commonly attributed to Philadelphia and the nearby environment), which described &amp;quot;assisting&amp;quot; the police in an investigation as &amp;quot;dropping a dime&amp;quot;.  That was due to the cost of a pay phone call back then - $0.10 - which would be used to call the police.  That apparently transitioned to assists in basketball.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dime&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; shows these meanings, for example, and all sorts of online discussions support this - but nothing meaningful as proof unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also possible that it simply was directly related to the cost of a phone call, of course.  The other terminology is fairly similar; a successful pass to someone that then scored off of it might be called &amp;quot;connecting with&amp;quot; that someone, for example, identically to if you connect a phone line.  You feed them, same as you feed a pay phone dimes.  There are a lot of small similarities that might either have been the initial connection, or reinforced it once it was made by someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorDisplayName="user13667" LastEditDate="2021-01-05T15:56:49.440" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T15:56:49.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12173" CreationDate="2015-09-28T23:11:49.067" Score="6" ViewCount="1078" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 4.4f of Rugby Union states that &quot;a player may not wear shorts with padding sewn into them&quot;. What is the rationale behind this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9757" LastEditorUserId="9757" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T23:40:33.547" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T08:40:41.953" Title="Why are padded shorts banned in rugby union?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12136" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12139" CreationDate="2015-09-30T10:30:36.467" Score="2" ViewCount="5922" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know -4 is condor and -5 is very rare, is there any animal name to describe -5 if it really happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-09-30T13:12:34.327" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T03:02:09.363" Title="Is there any official animal name to describe &quot;five under par&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12338" CreationDate="2015-09-30T10:52:41.060" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the last season's standing after last fixture of the season, How is it decided that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England will have top &lt;em&gt;4&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Champions League, &lt;em&gt;3&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain will have top &lt;em&gt;5&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Champions League, &lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy will have top &lt;em&gt;3&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Champions League, &lt;em&gt;3&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germany will have top &lt;em&gt;4&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Champions League, &lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;France will have top &lt;em&gt;3&lt;/em&gt; teams qualifying for UEFA Champions League, &lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt; team qualifying for UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if this question is a duplicate of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4433/7509&quot;&gt;Who decides how are UEFA competitions spots divided within teams in some country?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7509" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T15:55:28.773" Title="Holding spots for UEFA Champions league" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12137" CreationDate="2015-09-30T13:04:11.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The top 3 ranked countries get 4 spots and the next 3 get 3 and next 9 get 2 and remaining get 1 spot in the uefa champions league. As for the ranking of the countries it will be based on how the teams from that countries performed in the last 5 editions of the champions league &#xA;EX:for 2015-16 season Seasons from 2009-10 to 2013-14 performances are taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9872" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T13:04:11.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12136" CreationDate="2015-09-30T13:12:09.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ostrich&quot; is the informal animal name to describe &quot;five under par.&quot;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.leaderboard.com/GLOSSARY_OSTRICH&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether this is &quot;official&quot; or not, I cannot say for certain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=hole+in+one+par+6&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8#q=hole+in+one+par+6+ostrich&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Google Search for additional references)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T13:12:09.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12140" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-30T17:11:39.020" Score="0" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I once watched an ESPN sports science segment which discussed some of the physiological demands that a NASCAR driver requires. Yet in most sports I see, speed and strength are the things that impact athletes the most, which obviously isn't an issue for a NASCAR driver. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do NASCAR drivers retire? What does aging change in drivers that reduces their performance? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T18:37:59.337" Title="Why do NASCAR drivers retire?" Tags="|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12140" CreationDate="2015-09-30T18:37:59.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Googling 'reaction time age driving', it seems the National Institute of Senior Health argues that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s your health — not your age — that matters most in driving safely.As you get older, you may notice physical changes or changes in other abilities. For example, you may have difficulty seeing at night or may not react as quickly to sudden changes. These changes can affect your driving, especially in challenging situations like merging or changing lanes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Age-related changes that may affect driving include changes in vision, hearing, attention and reaction time, and strength, flexibility, and coordination. Medications and certain health conditions can also affect people in ways that make driving dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Age-related changes vary widely from one person to the next. That’s why some people can continue driving much longer than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read the entire thing here &lt;a href=&quot;http://nihseniorhealth.gov/olderdrivers/howhealthaffectsdriving/01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://nihseniorhealth.gov/olderdrivers/howhealthaffectsdriving/01.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now even though this is seemingly related to seniors, it'll surely apply to &amp;quot;anyone aging&amp;quot;. NASCAR demands a very high level of reaction time, attention and coordination, just to repeat af few of the above, and as you get older, younger people come around to replace you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10062" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T18:37:59.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2015-09-30T20:54:53.437" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hubbard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jonny Hubbard&lt;/a&gt; who played for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Glasgow Rangers&lt;/a&gt; was another exceptionally good penalty taker. According to Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hubbard was nicknamed the &quot;Penalty King&quot; by Rangers fans, due to his exceptional record of 65 goals scored from 68 penalty kicks, 22 consecutively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference given in Wikipedia article is: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Football%3A+THE+PERFECT+PENALTY%3B+Model+yourself+on+van+Nistelrooy+says...-a0102522683&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Football%3A+THE+PERFECT+PENALTY%3B+Model+yourself+on+van+Nistelrooy+says...-a0102522683&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10063" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-01T11:03:57.070" LastActivityDate="2015-10-01T11:03:57.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12144" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12148" CreationDate="2015-09-30T21:03:23.440" Score="2" ViewCount="2584" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A hits the volleyball on an attack. Team B attempts to block, sending the ball back across the net to Team A. Team A receives the ball. Is this considered a dig?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if Team A attacks the ball and Team B attempts to block causing the ball to remain on Team B's side. Team B then receives the ball. Is this still considered a dig even if it was first touched by the blocker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10064" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T12:36:37.997" LastActivityDate="2021-09-30T04:28:59.407" Title="Is it considered a dig when receiving a block attempt ball in volleyball?" Tags="|statistics|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12151" CreationDate="2015-10-01T01:04:43.750" Score="2" ViewCount="2853" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Sept 30th, the Blue Jays clinched the divisional title in the first game of a double-header. There were many shots, in the last few minutes of the first game, of players in the dugout waiting to celebrate. One of them was wearing what appeared to be a toque or brimless cap. It was blue and had a Blue Jays logo on it. Later, he was celebrating on the field with a GoPro over this hat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aDuUw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aDuUw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Brimless hat&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Cropped from &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/CindyMayDay/status/649364049633914880&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/CindyMayDay/status/649364049633914880&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little twitter research reveals that it was David Price, and that &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/DAVIDprice14/status/649368808780615680&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;he had the hat custom made&lt;/a&gt;. I would have imagined that brims were not optional. Are there rules about caps and hats? Do they perhaps only apply while a player is on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2015-10-03T11:42:47.093" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T20:44:24.623" Title="Are Major League Baseball players allowed to wear nonstandard hats in the dugout?" Tags="|baseball|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10691" CreationDate="2015-10-01T08:28:39.943" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Japan's libero Arisa Sato seems good at scoring, see the video at youtube&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xKGdQhTgGE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xKGdQhTgGE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10066" LastActivityDate="2015-10-01T08:28:39.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-01T14:48:18.513" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, during the 2012-2013 NBA Season, Kevin Durant averaged 28.1/4.6/7.9 and Russell Westbrook averaged 23.2/7.4/5.2. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know what the best two person line has been in history? Or how I might go about finding out myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10069" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T05:25:34.120" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T05:25:34.120" Title="What is the highest two-man stat line from teammates in NBA history?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|history|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12144" CreationDate="2015-10-01T19:35:32.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no single official worldwide volleyball statistics definition. But we can take a look at a representative comprehensive source for definitions of volleyball statistics: &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/VB/2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 NCAA Official Volleyball Statistics Rules&lt;/a&gt;. Their definition of “dig” is the following (in “Section 4—Digs”):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A dig (D) is awarded when a player passes the ball that has been attacked by the opposition. Digs are given only when players receive an attacked ball and it is kept in play, not when a ball is brought up off a “put back” (blocked ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it contains the following approved ruling which perfectly answers both your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Team White player No. 1 attacks the ball. The ball goes off Team Blue player No. 1 and (a) is returned to Team White and passed by Team White player No. 2 or (b) goes to Team Blue player No. 2 who keeps the ball in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULING: In (a), Team Blue player No. 1 is not awarded a block nor is Team White player No. 2 awarded a dig. A block is not considered an attack and therefore a player cannot be given a dig off a block attempt. In (b), Team Blue player No. 1 is not awarded a block but team Blue player No. 2 is awarded a dig.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means the &lt;strong&gt;answer for your first question is no&lt;/strong&gt;, this is not a dig. And the &lt;strong&gt;answer for your second question is yes&lt;/strong&gt;, this is still a dig, even though the attack was slowed by the block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other official bodies or specific competitions might use a different definition, but I believe the basic principles would be the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2015-10-01T19:35:32.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12137" CreationDate="2015-10-02T21:44:41.490" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No country ever gets five representatives ,the maximum is four for the three highest ranked countries.You can get more information by clicking this link      &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10074" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T21:44:41.490" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12145" CreationDate="2015-10-03T11:04:39.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there are no specific rules in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB OBR&lt;/a&gt; about caps and hats, rule &lt;strong&gt;3.03 (a)&lt;/strong&gt; requires all players to wear the same kind of uniforms. This includes the same style of cap, as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.03 (a) All players on a team shall wear uniforms identical in color, trim and style, [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule &lt;strong&gt;3.03 (c)&lt;/strong&gt; goes on to explicitly disallow any player not wearing the team uniform to participate in the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.03 (c) No player whose uniform does not conform to that of his teammates shall be permitted to participate in a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two questions arise from that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Who is considered to be a player?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is considered to be &lt;em&gt;participating in game&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the rules don't give a clear answer to any of those two questions, let's assume that David Price was neither considered to be a player in this instance* nor was he considered to be participating in the game. The question that comes up next would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why was he allowed to be in the dugout in that case?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;strong&gt;DEFINITIONS OF TERMS&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;BENCH OR DUGOUT is the seating facilities reserved for players, substitutes and other team members in uniform when they are not actively engaged on the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this instance he should be considered an &lt;em&gt;other team member&lt;/em&gt; and this definition hints, that all team members should wear the same kind of uniform, as explicitly required for players in rule &lt;strong&gt;3.03 (a)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leads me to conclude, that David was - by the rulebook - &lt;strong&gt;not allowed&lt;/strong&gt; to wear his custom-made hat. But then again, there is always rule &lt;strong&gt;8.01 (c)&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.01 (c) Each umpire has authority to rule on any point not specifically covered in these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* On September, 30, when the Blue Jays won their division, they played two games. David didn't appear on any of the two lineup cards (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/BlueJays/photos/a.381692688771.164651.34558408771/10153304773048772&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Game 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/BlueJays/photos/a.381692688771.164651.34558408771/10153305345863772&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Game 2&lt;/a&gt;), so he was not eligible to come into the game. In this case it is fair to assume, that he didn't count as a &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10028" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T11:04:39.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3632" CreationDate="2015-10-04T00:18:16.550" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only limit is ability. I've seen skaters who can do dozens and dozens of double toe-loops in a row. I myself have easily done combinations of five or six jumps, and I'm not on championship level by far. But the harder to do the jump, the harder it is to chain it. The reason professional skaters don't do these combinations is because they won't get anything for them in competitions: Because of the rules they can only do two combinations of two jumps and one combination of three jumps in their programs, and there is a limited amount of total jumps in a program. If this limit didn't exist, skaters would just jump as many times as possible during the program and not do anything else to rack up their score, and thats not figure skating, thats endurance speed jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T00:18:16.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12156" CreationDate="2015-10-04T01:45:00.543" Score="3" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that a false start by the offense stops play but neutral zone infraction by defense does not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand why holding penalties don't stop play because the play is ongoing and they don't want players to get injured, but with a neutral zone infraction the play is at the same step as a false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10078" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T05:56:54.043" Title="Why doesn't a neutral zone infraction stop play?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12154" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-04T02:47:05.610" Score="2" ViewCount="5217" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NCAA football, can a receiver tap the ball to another receiver, similar to a volleyball pass. I thought once an offensive receiver touched the ball it was an incomplete pass if a defensive player didn't touch the ball in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10079" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T14:24:39.633" LastActivityDate="2022-11-27T21:57:18.590" Title="can a football receiver tip the ball to another receiver?" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12154" CreationDate="2015-10-04T05:40:07.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, an eligible receiver may tap or bat the ball.  Here is a relevant interpretation from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4387-2015-ncaa-football-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Approved ruling 7-3-6 VIII (Page FI-41)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While airborne and in bounds, eligible receiver A89 touches a forward&#xA;  pass when he propels it toward: (a) eligible receiver A80, who catches&#xA;  the pass; or (b) B27, who intercepts the pass. RULING: Legal play, and&#xA;  the ball remains live in both (a) and (b). A89 has batted a forward&#xA;  pass (Rules 2-4-3, 2-11-3 and 9-4-1-a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mentioned 9-4-1-a rule seems especially relevant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While a pass is in flight, only a player who is eligible to touch the&#xA;  ball may bat it in any direction (Exception: Rule 9-4-2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T05:40:07.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12153" CreationDate="2015-10-04T05:56:54.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is when the penalty occurs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A false start by the offense, or certain penalties by the defense (illegally forcing an offensive player to move) are dead-ball fouls.  They occur prior to the snap of the ball.  As there is no play, the penalty must be enforced prior to the snap.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player offside is not a penalty until the ball is actually snapped and the play begins.  A defensive player could return to a legal position prior to the snap.  This is not a dead-ball foul, so the play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T05:56:54.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-10-04T07:03:18.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;it seems like it would discourage athletic performance in college since players should prefer to be picked up by the teams that are winning championships and not the ones that are struggling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that in general, this particular aspect of play doesn't have much of an impact on collegiate athletics, for several reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most college athletes never play professionally&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While there are some elite high-school athletes that could be an exception, the vast majority would be thrilled (at least initially) to play for even the worst professional team.  The decision to play or not play a sport in college is not going to hinge on the worry that you might have to play for a poor team after college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Draft picks aren't science&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for the very top picks, the range where a player might be selected is huge.  Outside the first round, the range might well be greater than the entire league.  So there's no disincentive for such players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Early picks are compensated financially&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First round draftees have their elite status in the draft confirmed by the teams.  That status means lucrative contracts, even from poor teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All leagues have some form of free-agency&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any elite player that has longevity in the league will have the opportunity to move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where do the earlier picks in the draft end up, usually? Do the &quot;worse&quot; teams pick up the best players and them trade them instantly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see how this follows from your earlier statements.  Why would a poor team want to trade away a good player?  It certainly can happen (a team might decide that trading away pick #1 for 4 or 5 other players would help them more), but often they hope the player will help them directly by playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T07:03:18.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12160" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12168" CreationDate="2015-10-04T22:52:32.503" Score="3" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, is a goalkeeper allowed to pick up the ball and place it back down onto the penalty mark before the referee starts the penalty kick? I do not see any rules in FIFA that would permit or forbid this action, so I was wondering if this would be legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10089" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T08:06:47.717" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T08:07:26.297" Title="Keeper putting the ball onto the penalty mark" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12169" CreationDate="2015-10-05T02:50:55.753" Score="8" ViewCount="1877" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at fifa offside rules which are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_11_offside_en_47383.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. In the slide/page 26 it explains about a &lt;strong&gt;NO&lt;/strong&gt; offside scenario like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ybDNm.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ybDNm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I need to consider that direction of the pass which in this case is backwards (B2 passing backwards to C)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more clear is this allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EtGmt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EtGmt.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see the passing direction is forward. If this is allowed (not offside) then I have another follow-up question &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10090" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-08T01:16:19.620" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T01:16:19.620" Title="Is this an Offside according to FIFA rules?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11961" CreationDate="2015-10-05T03:17:37.803" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman cannot be out stumped on a no-ball. But they can be run-out on a no-ball. A stumping is a run-out wherein the wicket keeper has possession of a ball the entire time after the ball was delivered, and runs the batsman out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10091" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T03:17:37.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3546" CreationDate="2015-10-05T09:26:05.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;6-1 score&#xA;Scenario.&#xA;Extra point blocked and ran back towards the kickers endzone,runner fumbles ball at the offenses 1 yard line kicking team picks up ball and runs into there own endzone and gets tackled... wahlah 1 point!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10092" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T09:26:05.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12161" CreationDate="2015-10-05T14:50:35.157" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem with your second scenary is not the pass per se.. is the position of player C. if player C is behind the ball, there is no problem if the pass go foward or backward, since the ball in that case is the line that mark offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T14:50:35.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12160" CreationDate="2015-10-06T11:57:39.163" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You won't find any law against it because it is completely legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a bit of a stretch see how this could be a problem. Any controversy here would most likely arise from the goalkeeper placing the ball on an uneven section of turf in order to impair the kicker. If this was to happen, the kicker is then within their rights to place the ball however they like (ie. on a flatter part of the penalty mark), provided it is still on the penalty mark and any readjustment is done in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be illegal here, would be the goalkeeper delaying the restart of play or dissenting the decision by throwing the ball away, refusing to return to his goal line for the kick to be taken, or entering into protracted disputes over the placement of the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this occurred, the referee would either verbally warn, or caution the goalkeeper for dissent or delaying the restart of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T08:07:26.297" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T08:07:26.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12161" CreationDate="2015-10-06T12:09:59.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From page 36 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; the ball &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; the second-last opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first example provided in the question, player C is nearer to his opponents' goal line than the second-last opponent, &lt;strong&gt;but not&lt;/strong&gt; the ball when the ball is last touched by a teammate. He is therefore not in an offside position and will not be penalised when he touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example provided in the question, in which player C is nearer to his opponents' goal than &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; the ball &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; the second-last opponent when the ball is last touched by a teammate (in the image provided by OP, player C is probably still just behind the ball even though I believe this is not what the original question intended). He is therefore in an offside position and will be penalised for interfering with play when he touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to other answers (which since have been deleted), neither the direction that the ball is played nor where the player is standing when he touches the ball have any relevance on whether an offside offence has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-10-08T00:01:32.187" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T00:01:32.187" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8727" CreationDate="2015-10-06T12:58:17.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer itself is this: on the ice you create rotation the same way you do on normal ground - by spinning yourself (by creating angular momentum).  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ever heard of &quot;&lt;em&gt;an object in motion stays in motion&lt;/em&gt;?&quot; That applies to angular momentum (rotation), too. It means that once you've created rotation you'll keep spinning - until you create rotation in the opposite direction to stop it.  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everything in higher-level skating revolves around these physics, around creating, killing and handling momentum. That's how you skate in a curve - you just skate forward while possessing a controlled amount of angular momentum. The ability to to easily skate in curves and to control their radius is called edgework.  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to create and manipulate this momentum? Free skating techniques, in essence, let you use your arms, shoulders, free leg, hips and torso rotation for this exact purpose by moving them in particular ways. It's a whole-body, whole-mind affair that is very complex and, in my experience, takes more than ten years to master. Not even all championship skaters have mastered it (jumps are more important for winning).  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I assume that what you want is not a curvy series of rockers and counters, but a simple curve, or, say, a little three-turn. Know how those trainers always tell you to hold your arms up? The reason for that is not aesthetic. Turn your outstretched arms left, complete with your shoulders, like you're a windmill facing up, and that'll create rotation left. Same for right. If you're wondering why high-level skaters don't hold their arms up all the time for things like three-turns: Their movements are much more efficient, so they can turn themselves using only their shoulders in an almost unnoticeable way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T12:58:17.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8498" CreationDate="2015-10-06T13:35:13.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: You don't need stretching to learn skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't need 180 degrees for a mohawk! That will not be a good mohawk and defies the reason for learning to do one. Figure skating doesn't work in straight lines, and that is the very thing beginning skaters have trouble learning and understanding.  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off all, mohawks are easiest when done on a circle. One of those big red hockey circles is perfect. Now make your foot turn into the circle just before changing feet. The trick is this: Your body moves evenly around the circle (it could go in a straight line for all it matters), but the feet make their own curves. Into the circle, out of it, in, out. Imagine a car that turns into a parking lot forwards and drives out backwards the other way. You should also watch your arms and shoulders - they shouldn't change orientation during the transition. It's also important to learn not to jump, to smoothly put down one leg and then lift the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T13:35:13.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4337" CreationDate="2015-10-06T13:52:53.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an individual thing, but lack of discipline tends to be the problem most people can't overcome. To learn them quickly, you need to balance your schedule between &quot;as often as possible&quot; and &quot;getting lasting pain&quot; (injuries are bad!). That's about an hour or two per day for most beginners. Warming up helps preventing injuries, so don't get lazy on that. The longer you hold the splits, the better and faster the result. Tv, tablets, books are your best friends there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T13:52:53.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12135" CreationDate="2015-10-06T15:30:51.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Padding was traditionally not permitted at all, except for scrum caps. Soft, thin shoulder pads covering only the shoulder and collar bone are a relatively new addition to the game, coming along shortly after the transition to professionalism. In World Rugby Regulation 12, which specifies the technical requirements for permitted padding, the introduction reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The intent of this standard is to specify requirements ... without compromising the form or appeal of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the concern is that bringing padding into the game would turn it into something else, for example the way American football players tackle by just launching themselves as a missile into an opposing player and hoping they hit them hard enough they fall over without having to be brought down in a controlled manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T15:30:51.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2015-10-06T15:55:42.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's simply not the case that soccer players die of cardiac issues more than other sports. Quoting from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/average-12-school-football-players-die-year-study-article-1.1309671&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;New York Daily News article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Researchers from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research studied 243 [American] football deaths recorded between July 1990 and June 2010. One hundred of the fatalities resulted from an underlying heart condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's approximately 5 cardiac-related deaths a year among American football players; even assuming the number of American football players is the same as the number of soccer players (which I don't believe, but don't have hard numbers for either), that's a greater rate than the ~3 soccer deaths per year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T15:55:42.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12175" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-10-06T18:33:50.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions regarding the sport of quidditch, as played in the real world and regulated by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iqaquidditch.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Quidditch Association&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For questions regarding the sport of Quidditch within Harry Potter, please see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://scifi.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Science Fiction and Fantasy StackExchange&lt;/a&gt; site's &lt;a href=&quot;https://scifi.stackexchange.com/tags/quidditch/info&quot;&gt;Quidditch&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T23:04:53.550" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T23:04:53.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12176" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-10-06T18:33:50.277" Score="0" Body="For questions regarding the real-world sport of quidditch." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="3490" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T10:50:09.977" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T10:50:09.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12177" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-06T21:21:19.580" Score="-1" ViewCount="519" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it offsides in American football to have one person start 20 yards behind the line of scrimmage and start running, having the ball snapped just before he crosses the line to give him a running head start?&#xA;It seems like this would work since you are allowed to have one man in motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10099" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T21:36:51.100" Title="Running Head Start Offsides American Football" Tags="|american-football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12177" CreationDate="2015-10-06T21:29:00.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamspeedkills.com/2010/8/9/1613833/know-your-annoying-penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players in motion can do about whatever they want as long as it doesn't simulate what happens right after a snap. &lt;strong&gt;The catch though is that if the last thing he does is move towards the line of scrimmage, he must be set for at least one second.&lt;/strong&gt; If he's moving parallel to or backwards from the line, he doesn't have to be set. Without this rule, you get Arena-style nonsense where a receiver is running at full speed towards the line right as the ball is snapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, assuming you're talking about offense, technically it seems that you could run towards the line of scrimmage before the ball is snapped, but you would have to stop, set yourself for one second, right before the ball is snapped.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/illegal-motion.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sporting News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Offenses often send players in motion prior to the snap because it allows the quarterback to see what type of scheme the defense is using based on how they react. Players also go in motion if the quarterback changes the play at the line of scrimmage. &lt;strong&gt;When players go in motion they must come to a complete stop and pause before the snap&lt;/strong&gt;, otherwise illegal motion is called. This prevents wide receivers from sprinting towards the line of scrimmage at the snap to get a running start for the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.refs.org/rules/NFsummary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 7-2-7:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A team A player is in motion towards his opponents goal at the snap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;or -&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the player in motion is not 5 yards behind the line if he started in motion from a position not clearly behind the line and did not stop for one second to establish himself as a back&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2015-10-06T21:36:51.100" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T21:36:51.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12177" CreationDate="2015-10-06T21:31:38.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, offensive players are not allowed to be moving towards the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://uaasnfl.blob.core.windows.net/live/1807/2015_nfl_rule_book_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 7, Section 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 7. ILLEGAL MOTION. When the ball is snapped, one player who is lined up in the backfield may be in motion,&#xA;  provided that he is moving parallel to or away from the line of scrimmage. &lt;strong&gt;No player is permitted to be moving toward the line&#xA;  of scrimmage when the ball is snapped&lt;/strong&gt;. All other players must be stationary in their positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a player illegally in motion at the snap: Loss of five yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T21:31:38.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12180" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-07T14:31:12.860" Score="5" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Race&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;race rankings&lt;/a&gt;, i.e. points only from this calendar year, are used to decide players at year end ATP/WTA championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is whether the rankings just one week before the finals are taken into consideration, or whether the decision is made sooner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, this year in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_WTA_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WTA tour&lt;/a&gt; Kremlin Cup in Moscow and Luxembourg Open in Kockelscheuer will be played during the week before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_WTA_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WTA Finals&lt;/a&gt;. Can the points from these tournaments influence who will be contenders at the year end championships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_ATP_World_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP Tour&lt;/a&gt; is a bit different (at least this year) since no tournaments are scheduled during the last week before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_ATP_World_Tour_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP World Tour Finals&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Similarly, before &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Elite_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WTA Elite Trophy&lt;/a&gt; there will be one week gap (since no players will play at both at WTA Finals and WTA Elite Trophy). But we can still ask the same question - which tournaments will be relevant for the decision who qualifies for these year-end tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T14:55:58.720" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T00:01:25.007" Title="Ranking from which week are used to decide who qualifies for ATP/WTA finals?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2217" CreationDate="2015-10-07T14:42:29.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to say - so many factors. Jumps aren't uniform, all trainers teach differently and all skaters jump differently, hence it's impossible to give precise numbers on a question like this. I'll try to answer according to the techniques that my trainer taught me and that I'm teaching to my pupils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to mention that I don't allow my pupils to think about pre-rotating on the ice at all. It misses the mark because it doesn't aid in learning the jump. Also, the answers given below are for single jumps done correctly, even expertly at high speeds - not the pre-rotation a beginner learning them or just having learned them can do or should try to do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does pre-rotation on the ice occur at all? It is because all jumps are jumped in a circle, from an edge curving into the circle. The closer you get to the jump, the more rotation you create in preparation for it, and the stronger the edge curves, ending in a sort of hook before take off. That's where most of the &lt;em&gt;pre-rotation of the foot/skate&lt;/em&gt; happens. Note that the torso may pre-rotate more than the foot, or even less, depending on the jump. The Lutz jump is the only exception - you skate in a circle/curve the other way than you are going to rotate, and pre-rotating the foot/skate on the ice is impossible. Unless you're doing it wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a salchow, the left foot usually leaves the ice 1/4 into the first revolution, still on its edge (&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; on its toepick) with the shoulders having done 1/2 and already facing forwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The toeloop is the most pre-rotated jump of all. The right foot can be as far as 1/3 into the turn, though still skating backwards, as it leaves the ice. The shoulders are about 1/2 into the turn ad facing forwards when the left toepick leaves the ice. Many beginners learn the toeloop as a waltz jump from the toe pick, that's wrong. The toe pick should only leave the ice after the right foot has skated (not swung) past it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to your loop. The right foot leaves the ice about 1/5 to 1/4 into the turn. But here's the thing: the torso and hips are actually under-rotated, still facing at most forwards at take off! You did have your shoulders face into the circle before jumping, right? As to helping you do this, it's all about the curved edge you're skating on. It's probably too straight. Making their circle smaller often helps beginners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The flip is the &quot;straightest&quot; of the jumps. The left foot leaves the ice almost completely backwards, at the very most 1/8 into the turn. The right toepick will turn some more, perhaps 1/4 of a revolution. The shoulders will be between backwards and 1/8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the Lutz is a complete anomaly. It's very different. Beginners might first stand on their right foot and then do a loop from there, resulting in pre-rotation, but in a real lutz, where the left leg on the edge does the jumping, there is no pre-rotation. Quite the opposite: the left leg leaves the ice up to 1/8 &lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt;-rotated because of the edge curve turning in the other direction than the rotation of the jump. The shoulders will still face forwards at take off. The right toepick  might get 1/8 into the turn before it gets off the ice, but still: In a single lutz you actually have to do the entire revolution, usually even more, in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastEditorUserId="10076" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T20:28:30.467" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T20:28:30.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12180" CreationDate="2015-10-08T00:01:25.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The week before is considered. For both the WTA and ATP Tours, every tournament - down to the very final week/tournament of the season - and all rankings points earned, are taken into consideration to determine who the selected players are, and thus who will be selected to play in the WTA Finals/World Tour Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T00:01:25.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8498" CreationDate="2015-10-08T16:26:47.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the question as referring to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://howtohockey.com/how-to-do-the-mohawk-turn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hockey mohawk turn&lt;/a&gt;, where you do have both skates on the ice at once. That link contains a video, and the basic drill of picking up one foot at a time while stationary in the mohawk position, which actually is a great warmup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also this answer about &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/18541/8332&quot;&gt;increasing your flexibility for a wide plie&lt;/a&gt; in ballet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8996" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:46:51.823" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T16:26:47.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-09T12:17:52.653" Score="2" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I look at a scorecard I see a column &quot;O (overs)&quot; mentions 3.6 or 7.0. What does it mean? How to understand this statistic? I know that &quot;overs&quot; mean that player makes 6 legal deliveries to the batsman, but I don't understand what 3.6 stands for. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10104" LastEditorUserId="10319" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T10:04:47.603" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T10:04:47.603" Title="What does it mean when a scorecard mentions 3.6 in the Overs column in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12185" CreationDate="2015-10-09T12:28:20.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An over in cricket consists of 6 legal deliveries. The figures you're referring to (i.e. 3.6 and 7.0), are merely forms of notation intended to record or count the exact number of balls that have been delivered throughout the course of an innings. '2.1', for example, literally means '2 overs and 1 ball delivered', making for a total of 13 legal deliveries. Likewise, '3.6' signifies 3 overs and 6 balls delivered (equivalent to 4 overs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The values are often used to record either the total number of overs and balls delivered during the course of an innings, either by a team as a whole or a single bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10105" LastEditorUserId="10105" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T12:49:23.727" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T12:49:23.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12189" CreationDate="2015-10-09T14:24:51.957" Score="1" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where does football teams play their home matches when the stadiums are involved in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rugby World Cup 2015&lt;/a&gt; matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from Twichenam it seems that other stadiums are used for Premier League's football matches, so how is it possible to play together those sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T10:11:24.060" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T10:11:24.060" Title="Where does the football teams play home matches during the Rugby World Cup?" Tags="|football|venues|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12188" CreationDate="2015-10-09T15:07:07.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don Biglia's comment is pretty much spot on - the soccer team just plays somewhere else, or not at all, when the stadium is in use for the Rugby World Cup. To take a couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Villa Park was used for rugby matches on the 26th and 27th September. Aston Villa played away at Liverpool on the 26th September.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;City of Manchester Stadium will be used for a rugby match on 10th October. Manchester City don't play at all that weekend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost every major soccer ground is a multi-use venue one way or another, so this isn't a new problem for the teams - for example, Old Trafford is hosting the Super League (rugby league) Grand Final on 10th October, which is not really any different from hosting a union match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T15:07:07.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12188" CreationDate="2015-10-09T23:15:44.960" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hi Having just spent 10 days volunteering at Milton Keynes stadium rugby world Cup has an exclusive use agreement with the stadia for a period.   MK dons played Derby at home on the 26th September the next home game should have been this weekend giving us plenty of time to setup for the matches and return to football.   This has been done at all stadia used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T23:15:44.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12194" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-10T00:15:10.003" Score="3" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;Game 1 of the ALDS Blue Jays Game this past Thursday was set to begin at either 3:37 p.m. and 4:07 p.m. (depending on who won the Yankees-Astros wildcard game). Why were there two start times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3380" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2015-10-15T07:58:18.900" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T07:58:18.900" Title="Why did Game 1 of the 2015 ALDS have a start time that depended on another game?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12197" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12209" CreationDate="2015-10-10T08:06:15.583" Score="3" ViewCount="6439" Body="&lt;p&gt;Field always set according to the batsman hand. Can a batsman change its hand before the bowler start bowling just to dodge the captain for setting the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: This question is about when caption is setting the field not when bowler is bowling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastEditorUserId="9912" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T08:32:42.087" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T09:49:04.867" Title="Can a left handed batsman change to right hand before the bowler starts bowling?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-10-16T09:57:32.917" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12197" CreationDate="2015-10-10T10:54:59.137" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsmen may change hand at any time the only defence from the bowler is to stop the delivery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T10:54:59.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12200" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12242" CreationDate="2015-10-10T23:27:13.247" Score="1" ViewCount="11597" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a Div. I NCAA football game today.  A PAT was blocked and one of the defenders picked the ball up.  The announcer said that it was a live ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the possible outcomes in this situation?  I believe in the NFL that once a PAT is blocked, the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T12:07:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-09-30T03:52:31.023" Title="What are the possible outcomes after a blocked extra point in college football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4626" CreationDate="2015-10-11T02:38:41.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Premier League rulebook states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If at the end of the Season, either the League Champions or the Clubs to be relegated or the question of qualification for other competitions cannot be determined because 2 or more Clubs are equal on points, goal difference and goals scored, the Clubs concerned shall play off one or more deciding League Matches on neutral grounds, the format, timing and venue of which shall be determined by the Board.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/11320967/Why-are-Chelsea-top-of-the-Premier-League-above-Manchester-City.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; explaining how Chelsea and Manchester City will face-off for the title with completely level stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10117" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-04-11T02:45:11.467" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T02:45:11.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-11T12:46:57.457" Score="3" ViewCount="891" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read through the FIFA laws of the game and can see that the half time interval says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Half-time interval&#xA;Players are entitled to an interval at half-time.&#xA;The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes.&#xA;Competition rules must state the duration of the half-time interval.&#xA;The duration of the half-time interval may be altered only with the consent of&#xA;the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We play amateur U18 football in the UK, with 45 minutes per half. I have looked through our leagues handbook and can find no mention of the duration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it reasonable for the referee to insist on only 5 minutes half time interval?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above rule was taken from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/laws/football-11-11/law-7---the-duration-of-the-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FA laws of the game.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10120" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T15:43:44.687" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T15:43:44.687" Title="Half time duration" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12216" CreationDate="2015-10-11T12:54:17.347" Score="5" ViewCount="2193" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had an incident during a recent game where a player was tackled causing him to loose his boot. The referee deemed the tackle fair and failed to award a free kick. Our player indicated to the referee that he had lost his boot by waving it in the air. The referee indicated to our player that the play should continue. The opposing player continued, clear on goal and scored with our player chasing the opponent with only 1 boot on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not seem fair. Can somebody indicated if any laws of the game have been broken? I have looked at law 4, but can only find mention of a goal being allowable if a boot has been immediately lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10120" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-28T11:21:54.383" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T11:21:54.383" Title="Player looses boot after tackle" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12206" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-12T05:17:37.827" Score="7" ViewCount="10534" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this may be a silly question but I couldn't help asking out of curiosity. We know that there is a separate league for women's football in England, but say if there is a female who is really good player and can play alongside men in EPL, can she do that, or is there a rule that will prohibit her from playing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T12:50:06.877" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T08:02:15.413" Title="Can a woman feature in EPL?" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12202" CreationDate="2015-10-12T07:00:32.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, but for normal the ref asks both teams if they're ok with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the otherside, if it's realy cold weather mostly the teams asking the ref for a shorter halftime interval.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If the ref blows the whistle after only 5min halftime interval, it's easy to max it for another 5min.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T07:00:32.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12197" CreationDate="2015-10-12T09:49:04.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman can change from left- to right-handed whenever he likes. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 36 section 3&lt;/a&gt; says that his off-side is determined by his stance when the ball comes into play, which is when the bowler starts his runup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You say you're asking about when the captain is &quot;setting the field&quot;. Usually at this point the batsman is watching where the field is being placed, so wouldn't make a decision on stance until after this has taken place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T09:49:04.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12194" CreationDate="2015-10-12T10:44:30.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Likely, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2015/10/8/9472777/texans-colts-2015-preview-thursday-night-football&quot;&gt;Houston Texans game Thursday night&lt;/a&gt; was the reason.  That game stated at 8:25 ET, and while baseball games usually take three hours or so, most likely they wanted a bit of extra time to ensure fans can watch both games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T10:44:30.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8753" CreationDate="2015-10-12T13:35:55.127" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jordan actually appeared in EA sports game &quot;nba showdown&quot; in '93 n as a secret player in nba live '96 as well as Charles Barkley, b didn't reappear again until live 2000&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10124" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T13:35:55.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2015-10-12T14:58:46.673" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of the other answers make valid points but I would like to give you a coach's take on this.  (And I disagree with the effectiveness of the wishbone scheme being ineffective - seriously at least 4-5 NFL teams run wishbone packages)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that I have a set of football players at a good high school level or college level, they have been coached for 4-10 years.  The chances that these kids were ever taught to drive-block correctly are almost 0%.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wishbone offense basically lumps a good deal of players close to the ball.  It is predicated on mis-direction and offensive lineman getting the defensive players going backwards.  So a good wishbone team will have offensive lineman push defensive lineman back.  The d-backs not assigned a blocker (most linebackers would be assigned a blocker on most wishbone plays) would get caught up in the scrum of the blocked players.  In fact if you watch 8-10 year-old pee-wee teams that run the wishbone this is exactly what happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from a coach's perspective I would have to reteach all of my offensive lineman to quit playing paddy-cake and throw a shoulder into their man and drive block.  This can be done but this would take total commitment and a lot of time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the wishbone work?  God yes.  If Alabama switched to the wishbone right now they would be unstoppable.  They have the offensive lineman and the talent at the RB position to do it.  They would be just as good or better.  The fact is teams that practice against the spread weekly and don't hit as much at practice would get brutalized.  There are several top high school programs reverting back to the wishbone, wing, or heavy power I concepts trying to go against the grain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However...  At the college level you need to recruit kids.  If Nick Saban decides to go wishbone say goodbye to getting any top WR or QB to commit to his school.  Sure he will still do OK but not nearly as well as he did.  Remember that more than half the skill position players - QB, RB, WR, FB, and TE are usually recruited based on offensive skills but will be converted to defense over time.  So if you cannot recruit top WRs because of the wishbone then your CB/S depth will be far worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T14:58:46.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12194" CreationDate="2015-10-12T17:24:23.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Astros also had a game that night. A friend of mine has just made me aware of this fact. Blue Jays v Rangers would start at 3:37 and the Astros v Royals had a 7:37 start. This is more likely to be the answer.  Overlapping MLB games (for teams) in the same state during playoffs is likely what they were trying to avoid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still waiting to hear from mlb though.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Thanks for your help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3380" LastEditorUserId="3380" LastEditDate="2015-10-12T23:34:01.037" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T23:34:01.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12203" CreationDate="2015-10-13T03:04:24.157" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws have not been broken here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player who made the challenge has committed no offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player without footwear has committed no offence as he had immediately tried to play the ball after losing his footwear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 69 of the 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player loses his footwear accidentally and immediately plays the ball and/or scores a goal, there is no infringement and the goal is awarded because he lost his footwear by accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee decided that your player had committed an offence by continuing to play with the incorrect equipment for an extended period of time, they would follow this procedure on p. 23 of the 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of any infringement of this Law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play need not be stopped&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the player at fault is instructed by the referee to leave the field of play to correct his equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the player leaves the field of play when the ball next ceases to be in play, unless he has already corrected his equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any player required to leave the field of play to correct his equipment&#xA;  must not re-enter without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the referee checks that the player’s equipment is correct before allowing&#xA;  him to re-enter the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the player is only allowed to re-enter the field of play when the ball is out of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your player put himself in danger by continuing to play without footwear, he would be committing offence, and an indirect free kick would be awarded to the opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 38 of the 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of the referee, a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, given that the opponent was through on goal, the referee would most certainly play advantage here, otherwise he would have to send off your player for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(p. 40, 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game: )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying an obvious goalscoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 35 of the 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game, we find the preconditions for a goal (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, &lt;strong&gt;provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was no offence by the team scoring, so the goal stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address your point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This does not seem fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's completely fair. The opponent did not break the Laws in challenging your player, so why should they be punished for it? It's certainly &lt;em&gt;unfortunate&lt;/em&gt; - just like it would have been if your teammate had rolled an ankle or slipped over while chasing the defender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your teammate's equipment doesn't fit will enough to prevent it coming off in a challenge for the ball, he's probably most at fault for choosing equipment that is unsuitable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T03:04:24.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12217" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12222" CreationDate="2015-10-13T15:57:19.293" Score="7" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;When qualifying for the Euro 2016 competition, the first 2 placed teams of a qualification group automatically qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the place in the group have any impact to the tournament draw or seeding?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ie, will the team that places first in their qualification group get drawn against more favourable teams, than the team that qualified in second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is the draw based on the ranking of the teams, independent of the qualifcation process?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6112" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T11:04:27.367" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T11:04:27.367" Title="Does first or second place matter in Euro 2016 Qualification?" Tags="|football|euro|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12218" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-10-13T17:56:18.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sport events must satisfy conditions on the time, place and day on which they occur. These conditions may arise from many sources, such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;participant availability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;venue and staff availability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;local or national laws&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;local or national or international governing body regulations&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;broadcaster and audience requirements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;rules about the timing of matches or events, and the time actually taken for each part of an event&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scheduling balances these conditions so that all parts  of the event occur. It can be performed on the scale of minutes such as in short events where each game is finished quickly, of months such as in annual competitions that involve several events on a weekly or similar regular basis, or of years such as the Olympic Games and high-level events with a longer return period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scheduling can range from &lt;em&gt;ad hoc&lt;/em&gt; manual decisions by a single person to tightly controlled automatic processes overseen by committees and groups of people. It may be perfectly determined or involve some level of chance (compare competitions with seeded brackets to those with pools drawn at random, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T11:03:11.453" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T11:03:11.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12219" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-10-13T17:56:18.967" Score="0" Body="Questions about the scheduling and time arrangement of an event or events in sport. Questions must also be tagged with a specific sport and competition. This tag should not be used for questions about measuring, recording or deciding the timing of a single game or match." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T11:01:53.650" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T11:01:53.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3516" CreationDate="2015-10-14T09:22:34.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can always shoot from the backyard into the corridor... as long as you don't have anything and anyone in it and you put a good light close to the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just be ready to have some holes on the door at the end of the corridor...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10132" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T09:22:34.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12217" CreationDate="2015-10-14T10:24:43.387" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The place in the group does not have any impact on the draw or seeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The are four pots in the draw for UEFA Euro 2016 and teams are divided into pots according to the National Team Coefficient:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TFGS5.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TFGS5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information read article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-finals/draws/round=2000448/index.html&quot;&gt;UEFA EURO 2016 final tournament draw details&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10134" LastEditorUserId="10134" LastEditDate="2015-10-14T11:02:47.150" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T11:02:47.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1790" CreationDate="2015-10-14T13:26:08.757" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We in South Africa call it Action Cricket (Indoor Cricket). The best answer is to bowl in a manner that the batsmen cant hit the &quot;down-up-net&quot; shot. It is where the batsmen hits the ball into the ground and lets the ball bounce high up against the net, this giving him the 1 bonus run and enables him to run the single very easy, scoring 2 runs of every ball is the name of the game and hitting into the ground not to loose your wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how do you bowl to avoid this? I found it very difficult for the batsmen to play the &quot;down-up-net&quot; shot when the delivery bounces knee or hip height with medium pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this answers your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10137" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T17:29:08.570" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T17:29:08.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2015-10-14T17:49:20.040" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please see the following link to the oblong ball's origin in Native American Football centuries before modern football or European Rugby were ever thought of.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lenapelady.tripod.com/football.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lenapelady.tripod.com/football.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like Lacrossse, Rugby and Football are both adaptations of Native American games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10138" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T17:49:20.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2015-10-14T17:52:04.037" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is another link which shows photos of the oblong Native American ball..&#xA;We still play this game today at our ceremony grounds.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://delawaretribe.org/blog/2013/06/27/pahsahman-the-lenape-indian-football-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://delawaretribe.org/blog/2013/06/27/pahsahman-the-lenape-indian-football-game/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10138" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T17:52:04.037" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5533" CreationDate="2015-10-15T14:30:29.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As long as you don't damage the surface or leave fibres or dirt on the rubber, any soft material should be okay. In general you don't even need a special cleaner. Water is enough to get rid of dust. From time to time an additional drop of dishwashing liquid helps to keep fat/grease away from your racket surfaces. But the cleaner can be stored easier in your sports bag. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10147" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T14:30:29.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12202" CreationDate="2015-10-16T00:38:01.750" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not more than fifteen minutes but not less than five minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10148" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T00:38:01.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12365" CreationDate="2015-10-16T13:03:28.323" Score="4" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it determined that a reception or an attack is &quot;perfect&quot; in volleyball? For an attack it is fairly clear it the attack directly scores a point, but there isn't such a clear criterion for receiving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T21:23:33.160" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T12:10:25.520" Title="How are percentages determined in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|statistics|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12233" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-17T13:56:18.747" Score="5" ViewCount="7429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm building a logistic regression model to predict which team is going to win a soccer match. I'm looking for ideas to broaden the number of predictor variables. I need before as well as after match variables.&#xA;The variables that came to my head:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;*ELO-ratings of the teams&#xA;*Total shots &amp;amp; total shot on target&#xA;*Market value of the teams&#xA;*Penalties&#xA;*Fouls&#xA;*Free kicks&#xA;*Total pass&#xA;*Pass percentage&#xA;*Possession&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would greatly appreciate for any help you can provide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10154" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T10:39:05.263" Title="What are the main factors to predict which team is going to win a soccer match?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12236" CreationDate="2015-10-18T07:49:13.827" Score="5" ViewCount="6985" Body="&lt;p&gt;It often happened that when a rugby player arrive with no pressure opponents try to take the oval to the center of the in-goal area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The try is taken when the player enter in the in-goal area, so I do not understard why the players continue to run in this directions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T13:43:29.740" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T07:49:13.810" Title="Why rugby players try run to the center in-goal area?" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12235" CreationDate="2015-10-18T08:32:19.873" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the conversion is taken from a point in-line with where the try is scored, at a distance chosen by the kicker. The important point to note is that a try is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; scored &quot;when the player enter in the in-goal area&quot;: the try is scored only when the ball is grounded with control in the in-goal area. The kick is obviously much easier if it's done from in front of the posts rather than far out by the touchline, so players will attempt to ground the ball as close to the posts as possible in order to make the conversion as easy as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual wording is different in union and league; the relevant laws are &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/index.php?law=9.B.1&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9.B.1(b)&lt;/a&gt; for union:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The [conversion] kick is taken on a line through the place where the try was scored in the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/rules/laws_of_the_game/scoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6.8&lt;/a&gt; for league:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A kick at goal after a try may be taken from any point on an imaginary line drawn parallel to the touch line in the field of play and through the point where the try was awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T07:49:13.810" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T07:49:13.810" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12240" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-18T17:32:56.680" Score="3" ViewCount="5771" Body="&lt;p&gt;In high school football, can an offensive lineman legally catch a lateral pass? Does it make any difference if a receiver is covering him from the snap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10159" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T09:15:26.900" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T02:42:36.993" Title="Can an offensive lineman catch a lateral in high school football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="916" CreationDate="2015-10-18T18:28:18.550" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In line with the above case,the two teams had the same point, goal for,goal against,then each competition has rules which have to be determine by competition organizers and should be spelt out clearly before the commencement of the competition so that all teams will be aware of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10160" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T18:28:18.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12200" CreationDate="2015-10-19T03:36:08.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is in the field of play, it is now a live ball. The defending team can pick it up and run it all the way back for a 2 point conversion. Same thing counts for fumbles and interceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First time it happened when the college rule changed was Kansas State beat Indiana State on a 2 point interception return. &lt;a href=&quot;https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1290&amp;amp;dat=19910908&amp;amp;id=STBUAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;sjid=Do0DAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;pg=3020,3347106&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1290&amp;amp;dat=19910908&amp;amp;id=STBUAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;sjid=Do0DAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;pg=3020,3347106&amp;amp;hl=en&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T03:36:08.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-19T12:53:31.527" Score="4" ViewCount="3201" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3898/double-hit-in-volleyball&quot;&gt;same question for indoor volleyball&lt;/a&gt;, but in the case of beach volleyball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the other team pass, set, hits it over to me and I kick it and then&#xA;  it hits my chest (but it's only one action/motion) would that count as&#xA;  a double hit fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What about if the other team attacks it and I go to set set it and it&#xA;  slips thru my fingers and bounces off my head but it's only one action&#xA;  on my part?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3286" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T19:19:39.163" Title="Is a double-touch in beach volleyball OK as long as it's part of one action?" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12243" CreationDate="2015-10-19T13:33:46.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule you need here is 9.2.3.1 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_BeachVolleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015-2016 beach volleyball rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;at the first hit of the team, unless it is played overhand using fingers&#xA;  (exception Rule 9.2.2.1), the ball may contact various parts of the body&#xA;  consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the first example (kicking and then hitting the chest) is not a fault as it was part of one action. However, this exception does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; apply to an attempt to play the ball overhand, so the second example (attempting to set and then hitting the face) would be a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that even if the attempt to set were successful, that would likely be called a fault due to how the &quot;catch&quot; and &quot;double touch&quot; rules are interpreted in beach volleyball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T13:33:46.750" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12245" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-10-19T13:45:24.537" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T13:45:24.537" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T13:45:24.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12246" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-10-19T13:45:24.537" Score="0" Body="One of the two major rugby codes. Please use this tag rather than &quot;rugby&quot; for questions which are specific to league." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T14:31:21.793" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T14:31:21.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12233" CreationDate="2015-10-19T14:12:35.820" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Goals scored and goals conceded in various forms (eg. think about using all goals scored in the season so far, goals scored against the specific opponent, goals scored in the last x games etc etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10164" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T14:12:35.820" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12240" CreationDate="2015-10-19T14:21:42.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, from reading the most recent &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iahsaa.org/football/2012%20Football%20Information/2012%20Football%20Rules%20for%20IA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHFS rulebook&lt;/a&gt; I can find online, there is no specific difference here between high school and any other level of play.  As such, any player may receive a lateral or backward pass, regardless of position or number; only passes deemed forward passes are restricted to eligible recievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 7-4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Article 1... During any down, any player in possession may make a backward pass [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Article 2... If a fumble or backward pass is caught or recovered by any player, he may advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T14:21:42.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12252" CreationDate="2015-10-19T14:32:01.887" Score="3" ViewCount="1387" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler takes the wicket of a batsman, then after that can the bowling side's captain or the bowler call the batsman back on the field to play again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T06:56:30.393" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T08:20:07.347" Title="Can a bowler call batsman back if he takes his wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12249" CreationDate="2015-10-19T14:53:56.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, a captain can withdraw an appeal should he decide to. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;See Law 27 section 8&lt;/a&gt;. He must have the agreement of the relevant umpire, and it must take place immediately after the fall of wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T14:53:56.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12251" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-19T23:37:13.120" Score="7" ViewCount="3904" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major League Baseball has begun collecting a set of physics data under the name &quot;Statcast&quot;, including such information as the exit velocity of notable home runs.  I would like to know if this data is permanently archived somewhere, so that I can give stable references to it (e.g. in a paper).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I have found so far is the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/statcast/leaderboard#hr-distance,r&quot;&gt;Statcast Leaderboard&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, which shows, e.g. the longest or fastest home runs of the season (or postseason) to date.  But presumably the leaderboard data will eventually be replaced with next season's data.  Even during a season, a particular home run might &quot;fall off&quot; the leaderboard.  So if I refer to that particular home run in my paper, readers may eventually not be able to find the data to verify it, unless I can give a link to some permanent home for the data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there such a &quot;permanent home&quot; for this data, provided either by MLB or someone else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="1607" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T04:12:36.033" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T17:51:18.413" Title="Is MLB Statcast data permanently archived somewhere?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12249" CreationDate="2015-10-20T06:55:24.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is possible, and has indeed happened (at least) once in a Test match, where the India Captain,Gundappa Viswanath, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153583.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recalled the England Wicketkeeper&lt;/a&gt; Bob Taylor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...umpire Hanumantha Rao upheld an appeal against Taylor for a catch&#xA;  behind the wicket, off Kapil Dev. Taylor hesitated and protested at&#xA;  the decision. Viswanath, the Indian captain, who was fielding at first&#xA;  slip, was as certain as the batsman that there had been no contact and&#xA;  persuaded the umpire to rescind his verdict.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Viswanath was a successful batsman in the India side in the 1970s, but only captained two Test matches. His &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/35712.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cricinfo profile&lt;/a&gt; suggests that this was typical of his manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He played the game in its true spirit: a century had little value to&#xA;  him if it didn't contribute to the team cause and he disputed an&#xA;  umpire¹s decision only once, recalling Bob Taylor in the Golden&#xA;  Jubilee match against England in 1979-80. It cost him the Test, one of&#xA;  only two where he led India, but to Vishy, it mattered more that the&#xA;  game should be played fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T06:55:24.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12251" CreationDate="2015-10-20T11:50:39.953" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The data are not generally publicly available, at least not yet.  The stuff that is available can be found here:&lt;a href=&quot;http://baseballsavant.com/pitchfx_search.php&quot;&gt;http://baseballsavant.com/pitchfx_search.php&lt;/a&gt;.  I don't know how &quot;permanent&quot; it is.  You can read a lot about Statcast at my own web site:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://baseball.physics.illinois.edu&quot;&gt;http://baseball.physics.illinois.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10166" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T11:50:39.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12260" CreationDate="2015-10-20T14:19:35.437" Score="10" ViewCount="8343" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an official football match, if a player has been substituted, can that player enter in the match again (the trainer must use another substitution)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T07:53:43.103" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T07:53:43.103" Title="Football: Can player enter twice?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2083" CreationDate="2015-10-20T14:35:50.173" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's NOT 4th down and the kick never crosses the line of scrimmage, the offense (kicking team) can keep the ball and attempt another kick if they recover the ball or if the ball goes out of bounds without being possessed by the defense/receiving team. If the kick crosses the line of scrimmage, the offense/kicking team gives up the ball regardless of what down it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10169" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T07:10:50.147" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T07:10:50.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12258" CreationDate="2015-10-20T15:02:50.927" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, no. To quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/~/media/files/pdf/the%20fa%202015-16/laws-of-the-game-2015-16.ashx&quot;&gt;2015-16 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, page 19:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the substituted player takes no further part in the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is however a note on page 18:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The use of return substitutions is only permitted in the lowest levels (grassroots/recreational) of football, subject to the agreement of the member association concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T15:02:50.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12261" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-10-20T18:16:31.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;DO NOT USE THIS TAG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag is assigned by the system to questions that have no other tag assigned.  This can occur if the question is migrated from elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T13:24:28.150" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T13:24:28.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12262" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-10-20T18:16:31.997" Score="0" Body="DO NOT USE THIS TAG.&#xD;&#xA;&#xD;&#xA;This tag is assigned by the system to questions that have no other tag assigned.." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T14:22:39.277" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T14:22:39.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10803" CreationDate="2015-10-20T22:38:32.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Additionally, If the 'state' is 1st/2nd/3rd/4th down and goal, the offense has advanced to 10 or less yards from the goal line(score). If the offense have negative plays or penalties after this it still says down and goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10171" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T22:38:32.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8559" CreationDate="2015-10-20T23:08:45.080" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;How rare is it that an 'Elite' player comes from the second round or lower?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty rare, The last one in my opinion is Tom Brady (2000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10171" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T23:08:45.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12267" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12268" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" Score="0" Body="Questions about beach volleyball, a variant of the sport of volleyball played on sand." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T19:20:17.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12270" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12279" CreationDate="2015-10-22T02:56:35.673" Score="-3" ViewCount="379" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of Chicago's baseball teams - the Cubs - grows up to become their football team - the Bears.  In Detroit, they have Lions and Tigers (but sadly, no Bears - oh my!).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the names of the professional sports teams in any other American cities related in a similar way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-10-22T17:32:18.917" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T06:28:55.570" Title="Do any cities besides Chicago and Detroit have team names that are related?" Tags="|history|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="13" ClosedDate="2015-10-23T10:22:02.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12270" CreationDate="2015-10-22T06:57:14.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots (NFL) and the New England Revolution (MLS) both play in Foxborough in the Greater Boston area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would argue that similar to Cubs turning into Bears, the &lt;strong&gt;Patriots&lt;/strong&gt; (Adams/Revere et al, not Bellichek and Brady) started with protests in Boston, including a well known incident with a tea shipment, before taking up armed hostilities in Massachusetts. This later turned into a &lt;strong&gt;Revolution&lt;/strong&gt; with the support of the other 12 colonies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T06:57:14.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12292" CreationDate="2015-10-22T12:29:38.123" Score="7" ViewCount="10817" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a referee caution or send off a substitute or substituted player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-10-23T07:45:18.977" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T23:54:28.357" Title="Can a player be sent off while still on the substitute bench?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12272" CreationDate="2015-10-22T13:17:16.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Although the team won't lose a man, the team won't be able to use that substitute, and the player will be subject to the same disciplinary sanctions as if they'd been sent off while on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, players can be sent off after the game has finished. They can also be sent off before the game starts, though if this happens the team can replace them and won't be a man short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T13:17:16.323" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12274" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-22T13:42:02.230" Score="7" ViewCount="9594" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has an NFL team ever won its division with a losing record in the division?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Eagles&lt;/a&gt; could win the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC_East&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFC East&lt;/a&gt; this year with four division losses, in the six they play within the division, by virtue of having the best record overall. I'd like to know if that's ever happened before with any other past division winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10178" LastEditorUserId="10185" LastEditDate="2015-10-23T00:27:24.783" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T09:33:45.317" Title="Has an NFL team ever won their division with a losing record within the division itself?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12274" CreationDate="2015-10-22T13:44:20.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Between the NFL Merger in 1970 and the NFL Division Realignment in 2002, the following teams have won their division with a losing division record:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;San Francisco 49ers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings?category=div&amp;amp;season=1971-REG&amp;amp;split=Overall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1971)&lt;/a&gt; (2-4-0 out of 9-5-0 overall)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Green Bay Packers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings?category=div&amp;amp;season=1982-REG&amp;amp;split=Overall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1982)&lt;/a&gt;* (1-2-0 out of 5-3-1 overall)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* - The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_NFL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 NFL Strike&lt;/a&gt; shortened the 1982 regular season to 9 games.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T09:33:45.317" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T09:33:45.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12274" CreationDate="2015-10-22T13:51:52.350" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most recent appears to be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Kansas_City_Chiefs_season#Standings&quot;&gt;2010 Kansas City Chiefs&lt;/a&gt;, who won their division with a 10-6 record, but only going 2-4 in-division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10179" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T13:51:52.350" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12285" CreationDate="2015-10-22T15:51:54.850" Score="8" ViewCount="2717" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football you have to have at least 7 players on the line of scrimmage. You can have more, but some of your players are then &quot;covered&quot; by others and are no longer eligible. What's the point of this rule? What if you allowed the offense to put a few people on the line of scrimmage as they liked? Or, if it's necessary to have five offensive linemen on the line of scrimmage for some reason, why force two receivers to be on the line as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T20:05:58.753" Title="Why are some offensive formations illegal in American football?" Tags="|american-football|formations|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12270" CreationDate="2015-10-22T16:45:40.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same cities:&#xA; - Colorado Rockies and Colorado Avalanche. &#xA; - Dallas Cowboys(Team Logo Star) and Dallas Stars.&#xA; - Houston Astros and Houston Rockets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There might be more but I lived in those cities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10171" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T16:45:40.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12281" CreationDate="2015-10-22T16:49:46.910" Score="4" ViewCount="612" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading through an older question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3255/nfl-rule-on-offensive-lineman&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and I was wondering if a player whose number lies in the eligible receiver range can line up as an interior offensive lineman?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if they can line up there (I'm thinking in case of some injury) are they automatically still eligible receivers without any additional declaration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10182" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T17:40:06.177" Title="Can an eligible receiver play at an ineligible position?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2015-10-22T17:40:06.177" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, an eligible receiver-by-number may play in an ineligible position, similarly to how an ineligible player-by-number may line up in an eligible position.  In both cases, they must report to the referee, who will then report it over the intercom or simply directly to the defensive huddle (though, usually over the intercom), and will do so each down the player remains in the game (and the player must report each down).  &lt;a href=&quot;http://uaasnfl.blob.core.windows.net/live/1807/2015_nfl_rule_book_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 5-3-1&lt;/a&gt; states this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. REPORTING CHANGE OF POSITION. An offensive player wearing the number of an ineligible pass receiver&#xA;  (50–79 and 90–99) is permitted to line up in the position of an eligible pass receiver (1–49 and 80–89), and an offensive player&#xA;  wearing the number of an eligible pass receiver is permitted to line up in the position of an ineligible pass receiver, provided&#xA;  that he immediately reports the change in his eligibility status to the Referee, who will inform the defensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He must participate in such eligible or ineligible position as long as he is continuously in the game, but prior to each play he&#xA;  must again report his status to the Referee, who will inform the defensive team. The game clock shall not be stopped, and the&#xA;  ball shall not be put in play until the Referee takes his normal position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots played with this extensively during the AFC Championships last year (2014-15).  As such, a rule change was made for the 2015 NFL championship season by way of a note on the preceding rule (5-3-1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: An offensive player wearing the number of an eligible pass receiver who reports as ineligible must line up within the&#xA;  normal five-player core formed by ineligible players. The player cannot be more than two players removed from the middle&#xA;  player of a seven-player line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because the Patriots would have lines where, for example, two players with eligible numbers were located on the line, one of which where the &quot;tackle&quot; normally is (2 players left of the center), and one in the normal &quot;tight end&quot; position (3 players right of center), but the &quot;tight end&quot; is ineligible and the &quot;tackle&quot; is eligible.  That was legal at the time, but no longer is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T17:40:06.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12270" CreationDate="2015-10-22T17:45:53.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In honor of back to the future day being yesterday:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Atlanta Braves and the Washington Redskins were both originally the Boston Braves (and then the football team switched from playing at the baseball teams stadium to the Boston Red Sox's stadium and switched their name to Redskins).  Both of these teams eventually moved out, such that now Atlanta and DC have team names that are related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9824" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T17:45:53.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12278" CreationDate="2015-10-22T18:34:42.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In part, the answer is &lt;em&gt;because it is in the rulebook&lt;/em&gt;.  Often these rules arise over time in the early part of the sport simply because it was done that way, and then codified into rules.  Sometimes rules even refer to the &quot;Traditional&quot; way of things directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, that is probably part of the reason: football teams lined up that way in the 20s and 10s, and so it became part of the rules as they evolved.  The forward pass wasn't originally part of the rules of American football (it was originaly more like rugby: running and lateral/backward passes only).  Thus some rules - likely, including who is eligible to receive passes - came later, and came in an attempt to balance the game.  Allow all 11 players to catch passes, and it's hard to defend, so the offense would have a great advantage; so you limit the offense to only having six players eligible to receive passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific reason for &quot;eligible players&quot; and &quot;ineligible players&quot;, as well as the number who line up on the line of scrimmage, has to do &lt;em&gt;mostly&lt;/em&gt; with deception (or, avoiding deception).  See for example how the Patriots played in the AFC Championship last year; they deceived their opponents by changing who was eligible and who was not in odd ways, and that led to quite a bit of confusion on the defense.  As such, the rules were changed this year to prohibit that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the defense knows from the snap who is eligible to receive passes (and thus, who the individual coverage assignments are) in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unless declared, eligible receivers are 01-49 and 80-89 numbers, others are ineligible.  This works &lt;em&gt;both ways&lt;/em&gt;; normally-eligible must declare as ineligible just as normally-ineligible must declare as eligible.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defense knows that, of the players on the line of scrimmage, the only players eligible are the ones on the end of the line on either side.  All players off the line of scrimmage, plus these two specific players, are eligible to receive passes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you allowed eligible players to line up wherever they wanted, and allowed ineligible players to not be on the line, it would make it more difficult for the defense to determine who they should cover.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T18:34:42.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12278" CreationDate="2015-10-23T00:41:07.580" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simplest answer is exactly as Joe said: because them's the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most rules relating to offensive formations are designed to help out the defense; it's generally understood that because the offense knows what they're going to do to try to move the ball and the defense doesn't, the defense is at a significant disadvantage in their job. To assist the defense and thus help balance the game to prevent every game being an offensive shootout, the offense must give certain cues as to their intentions based on how they position their side on the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More specifically, the development of the &quot;forward pass&quot; in American football, differentiating it from most other games in the family which require laterals or rearward passes only, gives the offense a huge advantage in unpredictability. To balance this, the definition of a legal forward pass itself (especially the fact that it must not bounce off the turf; theoretically a lateral or rearward shovel pass can be bounced) as well as new rules regarding formation, give the defense a few clues about what the offense is planning, or at least how to attempt to defend it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;seven down linemen&quot; rule makes it easier for the defense to identify eligible receivers; players who may proceed beyond the line of scrimmage and then catch a pass from behind it. Essentially any player that takes a &quot;three point stance&quot; on the line of scrimmage is ineligible, and may neither be the first player to touch a forward pass nor may they proceed further than 3 yards downfield prior to the ball crossing the LOS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the &quot;seven down linemen&quot; don't have to be the positions you'd expect (namely center, left/right tackles and guards, then a wide receiver on each end). The &quot;two tight ends&quot; formation is a very flexible one that plays with the typical expectations of a defense, putting all seven down linemen in the center of the formation allowing either or both of the tight ends to either block or move downfield for a pass attempt (or both). It allows for more running and short passing options than the 4WR formation, and allows a team to grind its way down the field 5-7 yards at a time simply by keeping the quarterback protected and the defense guessing. Here's one variation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m4YVw.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m4YVw.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The disadvantage is that this formation puts most of the offense right in front of the &quot;core&quot; of a typical 4-3 defensive formation (4 defensive linesmen, three linebackers, two corners, two safeties). The defense can drop into &quot;cover 6&quot;, with the outside linebackers shadowing the tight ends, zone coverage by corners and safeties, and the middle linebacker watching for the run, or they can &quot;zone blitz&quot; bringing all seven core defenders to stuff a run and prevent a long pass opportunity while keeping the corners and safeties in coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2015-10-26T20:05:58.753" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T20:05:58.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12304" CreationDate="2015-10-23T06:07:15.613" Score="6" ViewCount="2741" Body="&lt;p&gt;An umpire called time when the ball should be left live.  Some players heeded his call (or claim they did!) while others continued with the play.  How is the situation resolved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:  inspired by the TOR/TEX 2015 ALDS Game 5 top of the 7th inning play. Just wondering if the runner from third scored on the play even after time was called, or was awarded home in the judgement of the umpire. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3662" LastEditorUserId="3662" LastEditDate="2015-10-23T15:47:48.837" LastActivityDate="2019-09-05T09:36:02.817" Title="What happens when an umpire (MLB) calls time improperly?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12278" CreationDate="2015-10-23T06:23:16.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the other answers are right in that things are that way because of rules they don't really tell you why - or at least correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;uniform numbers - This is purely for the fans.  Fans could easily tell which position a player plays.  It is ludicrous that at any level that a defensive player needs to see a jersey number to tell who is eligible.  I have coached pee-wee through college.  My 9 year-olds will tell you the eligible receivers after two weeks of practice and there are no jersey number restrictions at that age.  On the flip side of this you could just issue numbers 80-99 to all of your offensive lineman and receivers.  I am surprised Belichick hasn't done this.  It would be somewhat legal for game time but the NFL would fine him heavily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 men on the line of scrimmage.  This is not an original rule.  This rule actually varied across different leagues in the early 1900s.  It was made &quot;permanent&quot; for player safety.  Imagine two stacks of 4 players  in front of a RB that is pitched the ball every snap - would be like a kickoff return every play.  Even in peewee football 4 players in the backfield is dangerous when I set up a shotgun full house backfield and send three lead blockers at your poor nose tackle.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not let the end WRs/TEs line up where they want?  Because coaches will use that grey area to help spring their extra backfield personal to crack block the end in the back and so on.  (remember there is no clipping on the line)  You let me put two extra guys in the backfield and that is a huge advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other part of this is just the essence of the game.  The 5 blockers vs 5 WRs is balance.  If there were less blockers the game may look like flag football, the field might not be wide enough, there would be more blowouts, more emphasis on QBs (meaning a team with a bad QB has no chance at all like they have much of a chance now) and so on.  The reason why football is so well received is that there are positions for certain types of players.  It is a chess match.  This balance is well crafted in the rules, even if the rules just &quot;got lucky&quot;.  But I doubt the rules just got it lucky - I am sure there were some very bright people thinking about the game they were crafting.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T06:23:16.153" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12270" CreationDate="2015-10-23T06:28:55.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;St. Louis used to have both the football and baseball Cardinals.  Can't get more related than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T06:28:55.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8559" CreationDate="2015-10-23T06:38:47.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a heavy heavy correlation between performance between rounds.  ESPN did a study a couple of years ago and basically about 1/3 of the players that start on offense or defense are 1st rounders.  Teams with more first rounders starting having better records too (on average).  Think about 7 rounds in the draft and then the street free agents and 33% is an outrageous number for one round.  We may focus on the draft busts but take a look at the 5th round of a draft from 5 years ago and see if you know more than 5 names.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side of this is value.  First rounds currently also give you the most bang for your buck.  It isn't a huge factor over 2nd and 3rd rounders but they win.  Now 5 years ago before the rookie cap restrictions were implemented 2nd-3rd rounders were the best investment for a team (and why you saw several good franchises consistently trade down).  With the rookie wage scale set though this has flipped and getting a stud in the first round is worth the price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T06:38:47.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12272" CreationDate="2015-10-23T07:57:48.647" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From page 39 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The yellow card is used to communicate that a player, &lt;strong&gt;substitute&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;substituted player&lt;/strong&gt; has been cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The red card is used to communicate that a player, &lt;strong&gt;substitute&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;substituted&lt;/strong&gt; player has been sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only a player, &lt;strong&gt;substitute&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;substituted player&lt;/strong&gt; may be shown the red or yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While a substitute or substituted player can technically be sent-off for any of the seven sending-off offences a player is subject to, there are only three offences for which they may be cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 40 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if he commits any of the&#xA;  following three offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;delaying the restart of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team will continue to play with the same number of players they had on the field at the time the substitute or substituted player was sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a substitute is sent-off before the match begins, they cannot be replaced with a reserve player who was not named in the line-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 21 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A named substitute who has been sent off, either before the kick-off or after play has started, may not be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-10-23T23:54:28.357" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T23:54:28.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12249" CreationDate="2015-10-23T14:33:27.930" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we are consulting with cricketing history its reveal that the team captain can withdraw from the wicket.. He can overlap the umpire's decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10188" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T14:33:27.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12296" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-23T14:54:07.603" Score="0" ViewCount="585" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know: is there any difference between ODIs and T20 matches in applying the Duckworth–Lewis method?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10188" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T14:42:05.547" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T13:48:48.073" Title="Is Duckworth–Lewis applied differently in T20 and ODI" Tags="|cricket|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12297" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12298" CreationDate="2015-10-23T15:06:08.377" Score="4" ViewCount="2108" Body="&lt;p&gt;In test match format new ball can be taken after 80 overs. My question is that if bowling side captain don't want to take new ball after 80 overs then how much can he use old ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T20:15:30.087" Title="How long an innings can be played with one ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12297" CreationDate="2015-10-23T16:19:32.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;He can continue to use the old ball until either he chooses to take the new ball, or until it's declared unfit and is changed by the umpires. However, it's supposed to be changed for one of similar age, so that will complicate things. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 5&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice a captain will use an old ball if it's working for the spinners, but eventually it will go out of shape, and it will be worth it to take the new ball, if only to give the spinners a rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T16:19:32.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12296" CreationDate="2015-10-23T17:06:20.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in the method of application of Duckworth-Lewis, between matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only potential difference could be in the tables or equivalent that are used to generate the targets, which should reflect different scoring rates and potentials between the two match types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However as suggested by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/459431.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/459431.html&lt;/a&gt;, the 50 over curves are used by the 20 over version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T17:06:20.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12300" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-23T19:59:18.883" Score="1" ViewCount="1045" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rugby Sevens will be played as part of the 2016 Olympics, but has any form of rugby been played in any previous Olympic Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-05T05:54:01.913" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T05:54:01.913" Title="Has rugby been an Olympic sport prior to the 2016 Olympics?" Tags="|history|olympics|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12300" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:03:55.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was stopped back in 1924, but it appears to be back:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://usarugby.org/2016-rio-olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://usarugby.org/2016-rio-olympics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:03:55.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10374" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:20:19.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Continue kicking and it will toughen up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you considered looking into a shoe made for kicking? It may be that the shoe he was kicking with was inferior for kicking. Basketball shoes or any type of high-top would be a bad idea unless it is has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squaretoekickingshoes.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;square toe and you're going for a traditional style.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some have a cover over the laces:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://wizardkicking.com/kicking-shoes.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://wizardkicking.com/kicking-shoes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:20:19.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8692" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:28:09.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's why they have dry erase boards on the sidelines. They may be diagramming the play as they practiced it, but also to make adjustments. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially in the NFL, these guys have played for many years and have developed terminology that helps them make adjustments. Instead of combo blocking the 3 technique, fold block it. Or don't pull on the sweep, pick up the Mike instead. They know what this means. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Halftime is another opportunity to do a lot of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual routes on pass plays get changed often and even by the QB in the huddle or an audible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:28:09.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12286" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:32:37.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules clearly cover what should happen when a play is blown dead, but do not clearly cover what should happen when this is done &lt;em&gt;incorrectly&lt;/em&gt;.  Following are the rules for what should happen when a play is blown dead &lt;em&gt;correctly&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quotations come from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rulebook for 2015&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once an umpire calls &quot;time&quot;, the ball is dead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.12 Calling “Time” and Dead Balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(a) (3.12) When an umpire suspends play, he shall call “Time.” At&#xA;    the umpire-in-chief’s call of “Play,” the suspension is lifted and&#xA;    play resumes. Between the call of “Time” and the call of&#xA;    “Play” the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a ball is dead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5.09) The ball becomes dead and runners advance one base, or&#xA;  return to their bases, without liability to be put out, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(1) A pitched ball touches a batter, or his clothing,&#xA;    while in his legal batting position; runners, if&#xA;    forced, advance;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(2) The plate umpire interferes with the catcher’s&#xA;    throw attempting to prevent a stolen base or retire&#xA;    a runner on a pick-off play; runners may not&#xA;    advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5.02) While the ball is dead no player may be put out, no bases&#xA;  may be run and no runs may be scored, except that runners may&#xA;  advance one or more bases as the result of acts which occurred&#xA;  while the ball was alive (such as, but not limited to a balk, an overthrow,&#xA;  interference, or a home run or other fair ball hit out of the&#xA;  playing field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.06(c)(2) Comment (Rule 5.09(b) Comment): Umpire&#xA;      interference may also occur when an umpire interferes with a&#xA;      catcher returning the ball to the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(3) A balk is committed; runners advance; (See Penalty&#xA;    6.02(a) (Penalty 8.05).)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(4) A ball is illegally batted; runners return;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(5) A foul ball is not caught, in which case runners&#xA;    return to their bases. The umpire-in-chief shall not&#xA;    put the ball in play until all runners have&#xA;    retouched their bases;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(6) A fair ball touches a runner or an umpire on fair&#xA;    territory before it touches an infielder including&#xA;    the pitcher, or touches an umpire before it has&#xA;    passed an infielder other than the pitcher; runners&#xA;    advance, if forced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;If a fair ball goes through, or by, an infielder, no&#xA;    other infielder has a chance to make a play on the&#xA;    ball and the ball touches a runner immediately&#xA;    behind the infielder that the ball went through, or&#xA;    by, the ball is in play and the umpire shall not&#xA;    declare the runner out. If a fair ball touches a runner&#xA;    after being deflected by an infielder, the ball is in&#xA;    play and the umpire shall not declare the runner out;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.06(c)(6) Comment (Rule 5.09( f ) Comment): If a fair&#xA;      ball touches an umpire working in the infield after it has&#xA;      bounded past, or over, the pitcher, it is a dead ball. If a batted&#xA;      ball is deflected by a fielder in fair territory and hits a runner or&#xA;      an umpire while still in flight and then caught by an infielder it&#xA;      shall not be a catch, but the ball shall remain in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(7) A pitched ball lodges in the umpire’s or catcher’s&#xA;    mask or paraphernalia, and remains out of play,&#xA;    runners advance one base;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.06(c)(7) Comment (Rule 5.09(g) Comment): If a foul&#xA;      tip hits the umpire and is caught by a fielder on the rebound,&#xA;      the ball is “dead” and the batsman cannot be called out. The&#xA;      same shall apply where such foul tip lodges in the umpire’s&#xA;      mask or other paraphernalia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;If a third strike (not a foul tip) passes the catcher and hits an&#xA;      umpire, the ball is in play. If such ball rebounds and is caught by a fielder before it touches the ground, the batsman is not&#xA;      out on such a catch, but the ball remains in play and the batsman&#xA;      may be retired at first base, or touched with the ball for&#xA;      the out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;If a pitched ball lodges in the umpire’s or catcher’s mask or&#xA;      paraphernalia, and remains out of play, on the third strike or&#xA;      fourth ball, then the batter is entitled to first base and all runners&#xA;      advance one base. If the count on the batter is less than&#xA;      three balls, runners advance one base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(8) Any legal pitch touches a runner trying to score; runners&#xA;    advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other situations not covered in this, including the situation named above, would be resolved by the umpires at their discretion.  They would need to determine what should have happened on the play had they not called time.  In this sense, baseball is different from other sports - many other sports simply stop action when time is called/the whistle is blown/etc., and do not permit any rectification (or only very limited rectification).  Baseball attempts to &quot;get it right&quot; when a mistake prevents the correct outcome from occurring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:32:37.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8687" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:33:41.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the defensive check is predetermined based on what the offense is doing, so they may call out a formation change (1-back, trips, fullhouse) and everyone on the defense knows what to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they decide to call out an adjustment, they're going to probably be a little more cryptic.  I coached a team that played quarter-quarter-half coverage, but we never said all that. It was just called bandit. Formation to the boundry may require us to have more of traditional Cover 3, so we called Squeeze. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names can become common, so if the defensive lineman start yelling &quot;twist&quot; the offense will probably figure it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the huddle, it is typical to have this format:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Front &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stunt (optional) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coverage &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Key/Tag (optional word that may be a slight variation).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - Tight (shift line to TE), X (twist stunt), Cover 2 , Sink (tag for LB to drop deeper than normal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T21:33:41.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7496" CreationDate="2015-10-23T21:58:59.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To rate your play on the round-the-clock game, you could use the MPR stat. This stands for &quot;Marks Per Round&quot; which mean the number of successful hit on a three darts throw. This stat is often used for the &quot;cricket&quot; game. The difference is that in cricket, a double count two marks and a treble, you guess it, three marks. That means that your scores will always be a little lower than on a play of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this to say I often play darts on VSPHOENIX machine. These are electronic darts games that are found in bar and arcade rooms. This company also organises tournaments and they have a rating system to class the players. You can find it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://gs.phoenixdart.com/vsphoenix/class.php&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;.If you look at the table on the bottom, you'll see that a &quot;perfect score&quot;, which mean an MPR of 3, is a class A15. You can see that this is about in the middle of the table. That mean this is quite a high-score (even more considering you don't count double and treble)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With your 138 darts to reach the 20, you have an MPR of 0.53 and an N1 ranking. By experience, I would say that this just mean you are a beginner player. To give you a reference, I play one or two times a week since about one year and I normally have  a rank around CC5, but I occasionally also get an N1 rank on some game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are really worried about your performance, you could try to measure your variance as pointed in the paper cited by  Nicholas V in the comments. To do this, you can go on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stat.cmu.edu/~ryantibs/darts/&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; and use the java applet. This will give you a number between 0 and 100. 0 means your reach exactly where you aim and 100 the throws are totally random.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also recommend you to read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stat.cmu.edu/~ryantibs/papers/darts-signif.pdf&quot;&gt;_Don't try for triple 20&lt;/a&gt; which is a more casual version of the &quot;A Statistician Plays Darts&quot; paper. You can also read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wired.com/2009/11/st_darts/&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Darts for Geeks: Statistician Cracks the Game’s Secretsthis&lt;/em&gt; Wired article&lt;/a&gt; which also talks about this project.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a final word, I would say that the most important in games like darts is not the performance but the fun you have. Try to play with friends which are of the same level as you while you have a drink. Whatever the scores, the fun will be there!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10191" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2015-10-24T18:14:47.013" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T18:14:47.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12309" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12310" CreationDate="2015-10-24T13:38:52.537" Score="2" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman use bigger or shorter bat? What is legal weight of bat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T14:47:30.857" Title="What is the legal size of cricket bat?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12309" CreationDate="2015-10-24T14:47:30.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bat sizes do vary but must all conform to the requirements laid down in the Laws of Cricket, specifically in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 6&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-e-the-bat/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Appendix E&lt;/a&gt;. There is no restriction on the weight of a bat, but there are certain restrictions on the length (not to exceed 96.5cm) and width (not to exceed 10.8cm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T14:47:30.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12311" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12314" CreationDate="2015-10-24T15:06:30.393" Score="2" ViewCount="851" Body="&lt;p&gt;If ball touches body first then bat and caught, will batsman be considered out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastEditorUserId="9912" LastEditDate="2015-10-24T15:30:58.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T16:11:15.367" Title="Will batsman caught out if ball touches body first?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-10-26T15:45:16.363" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12312" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12315" CreationDate="2015-10-24T15:28:50.080" Score="5" ViewCount="4995" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is maximum time limit of an innings in t20 and one day format? If time is wasted by batting team or by any natural way like time waste in large number of  unexpected extra boundaries (huge sixes) will bowling side captain still be fined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T16:22:37.610" Title="What is the time limit of an inings?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12311" CreationDate="2015-10-24T16:11:15.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, he will be out caught - see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 32&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T16:11:15.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12312" CreationDate="2015-10-24T16:22:37.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The time limit for a limited-overs innings will be specified in the regulations covering that competition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The T20i regulations are &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/559922169e464-3%20_Standard_T20I_4th_July_2015.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and they state that each session should be 1 hour 25 minutes in duration, with a minimum over-rate of 14.11 per hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ODI regulations are &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/559921e3b7a49-2%20_Standard_ODI_July_2015.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and they state that each session should be 3 hours 30 minutes in duration, with a minimum over-rate of 14.28 per hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires are permitted to extend the allowed time to cover things like delays due to injury, lost balls etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T16:22:37.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12300" CreationDate="2015-10-24T19:54:00.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;15-a-side Rugby Union was included in the 1900 (Paris), 1904 (London), 1920 (Antwerp) and 1924 (Paris) Olympic Games, but as would be expected for that age there was only a men's competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The gold medals in 1920 and 1924 went to the United States team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/olympics.htm#usa1924&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/olympics.htm#usa1924&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-10-25T09:59:25.440" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T09:59:25.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12297" CreationDate="2015-10-24T20:15:30.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The captain can use the ball for as long as he wishes, so long as the ball is fit for play. If the ball is unfit for play,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the umpires shall replace it with a ball which has had wear comparable with that which the previous ball had received before the need for its replacement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 5.5&lt;/a&gt;). However, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/559921c7a5bb8-1%20_Standard_Test_July_2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Standard Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; include the provision that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if the ball needs to be replaced after 110 overs for any of the reasons above, it shall be replaced by a new ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This provision was brought in after a couple of incidents where captains were continuing to bowl with very old balls, and it was becoming increasingly hard to find a ball with &quot;comparable wear&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T20:15:30.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12321" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-25T06:34:19.303" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball hits something in the air (e.g. helicam or any bird) and is then caught, will the batsman be given out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-10-25T15:57:52.117" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T12:36:34.310" Title="Will a batsman be out caught if the ball hits something in the air?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12321" CreationDate="2015-10-25T08:31:21.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short for hitting a bird it would be considered out as under &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 23&lt;/a&gt; the ball would not be dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regards helicam that is a little more tricky.  I am trying to look for the regulations regarding its use.  I suspect it would be a dead ball, but under simple law it would also be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T08:31:21.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12233" CreationDate="2015-10-25T12:35:15.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fairly important variable is home advantage. Last season in the Premier League, there were 172 home wins and 115 away wins, which is a significant difference. Though this will vary from league to league, it is still commonplace, and if you do the calculations on other leagues you will come up with similar results. Whilst there is no conclusive proof of this, teams with more compact stadiums often have a greater advantage. I support Gateshead FC and we do not have a particularly large home advantage, which is probably due to the large distance from the pitch to the stand, and the low attendances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10198" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T12:35:15.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12325" CreationDate="2015-10-26T07:10:15.773" Score="-4" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, Asian football players are rare in some top league over the world, in World Cup Asian teams are also rare to have good result, is it just because of the natural body condition? Or just because the football development starts late?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T07:11:32.693" Title="Do Asians perform less well in football just because of the body condition?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-10-26T16:03:07.190" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12324" CreationDate="2015-10-26T08:54:06.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, it's only a question of time and experience. Asian movement is very young but in the world competitions, nations such as South Korea, Japan have got some good result in the past. In the North America USA, Canada and other nations have got results a little better than Asian nations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, as an Asian leads in the cricket field or on ping pong table, can lead in the football field as well. Maybe in the future, but it's possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider only Word Cup Championship:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;South Korea:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1954 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1986 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1990 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1994 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002 - 4th place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010 - Top 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Japan:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002 - Top 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010 - Top 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014 - First round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other nations at least in the Top 16&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saudi Arabia - 1994 - Top 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;North Korea - 1966 - Top 8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the body condition can't influence the weak results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastEditorUserId="9902" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T07:11:32.693" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T07:11:32.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1441" CreationDate="2015-10-26T17:48:29.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;frequency of play shouldn't be a significant advantage or disadvantage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...providing that it's not very high above or very low under average frequency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Parking the bus' approach (a player gets a high level in ranking, then he stops playing) is one of the most known practical issues of Elo ranking, that someone suggested in another answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many post-Elo ranking systems, as &lt;strong&gt;Glicko&lt;/strong&gt; (for chess), or &lt;strong&gt;TrueSkill&lt;/strong&gt; (for X-box games), or &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rankade&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (our multipurpose ranking system) have some 'activity dynamics feature' to avoid this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bjcox.com/?page_id=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Glicko&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ree&lt;/a&gt; have free online calculator/webapp/app, that fits your needs, maybe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastEditorUserId="10203" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T08:07:49.457" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T08:07:49.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="139" CreationDate="2015-10-27T09:40:40.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;training spesific on one thing, gives you great improvements in short ammount of time, but it does not target the muscles that support the muscles you train spesific. so for preperation, yes, going for a bike ride everyday, but for preperation there is no danger in 2 weeks before, having 2 - 3 intervals in one week and then 2 the week before competition, and then having just a slow bike ride in intesity level 1-2 for an hour with and going really fast for 10 seconds and doing 5 sets of those, the day before, not breking down the body like interval training does, but just awekening the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes doing skiing is good for cycling, it gives u leg strength. and both sports has to do with endurance.&#xA;and running gives you cardio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10205" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T09:40:40.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12330" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12331" CreationDate="2015-10-28T02:30:33.170" Score="5" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently I know that in a baseball game (Major League Baseball), a sacrifice fly is scored to the batter acting in an attempt to forfeit their attempt at a score (aka get on base) to allow someone else a chance to score (when there are less than two outs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is does the fielder who catches the sac fly still get credit with a putout? I would like to say YES but the scorebook I'm using is showing empty box. I know that the batter is not credited as having an official at bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9371" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T04:11:17.713" Title="Scorekeeping a fielder on a Sacrifice Fly" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12330" CreationDate="2015-10-28T04:11:17.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the fielder gets credited with a putout.  Per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, 9.09(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The official scorer shall credit a putout to each fielder who&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(1) catches a ball that is in flight, whether fair or foul;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(2) catches a batted or thrown ball and tags a base to put out&#xA;    a batter or runner; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;Rule 9.09(a)(2) Comment: The official scorer shall credit a&#xA;      fielder with a putout if such fielder catches a thrown ball and&#xA;      tags a base to record an out on an appeal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(3) tags a runner when the runner is off the base to which the&#xA;    runner is entitled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No exception is made for sacrifices of any sort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T04:11:17.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12334" CreationDate="2015-10-28T16:28:35.567" Score="9" ViewCount="1728" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;With 1 out and a runner on third-base, the batter hits a sacrificial fly ball to right field, enabling the runner to head for home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, the runner sits on third until the fly is caught, then begins his run home, starting from a dead-stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears the runner would be faster if he took a few steps down the third base line, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;away&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; from Home, and begins his run at a full sprint, moments before the fly-ball is caught.  He'd tag up on third just after the catch, and already be moving at full speed towards home.  That is far faster than starting at third from a dead stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot find anything in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; prohibiting this, but I don't see it done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this idea legal?  Is it faster? Or am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9300" LastEditorUserId="9300" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T16:39:34.463" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T19:32:07.253" Title="Is this a legal way to tag-up and run faster?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12333" CreationDate="2015-10-28T17:22:08.167" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umpiresmedia.com/about&quot;&gt;UmpiresMedia.com&lt;/a&gt;, getting a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABd4kWgfFAA&quot;&gt;“head start”&lt;/a&gt; is considered illegal in professional baseball.  Actually, it is listed in the rules you linked&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(c)(1) Comment (Rule 7.10(a) Comment): “Retouch,” in this&#xA;  rule, means to tag up and start from a contact with the base after the&#xA;  ball is caught. A runner is not permitted to take a flying start from&#xA;  a position in back of his base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T17:22:08.167" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5859" CreationDate="2015-10-28T20:59:36.943" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stertch a small part of the set pitching position &#xA;The set for right handed pitcher&#xA;Stand in front of rubber with toes pointing towards third..arms apart on the sides&#xA;This position is called the stretch part of the pitch because the pitcher usually stretches to look toward home plate to take the sign from the catcher..&#xA;delivery begins when he puts his arms together in front of him( a movement noticed by a pause)This is called&quot;coming set&quot;After coming set a step is taken toward home and the pitch is delivered sometimes using a high kick,,,sometimes a leg slide&#xA;The wind up&#xA;on top or in front of rubber with feet pointed toward home plate&#xA;Prir to throwing the pitch he may take a step back toward second or to either side during the delivery he must take a step forward toward home plate....There is a lot more to it than this Hpe this helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10212" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T20:59:36.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12137" CreationDate="2015-10-29T04:50:16.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding onto Mujtaba's answer, &lt;strong&gt;it's not just the Champions League performance that matters but the Europa league performance too&lt;/strong&gt;. UEFA calculates a country's coefficient rankings based on their performance in the last 5 years in both competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact details as to how the coefficient is calculated is posted on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=1592808.html#how+five+year+country+rankings+calculated&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA's site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2017-11-20T15:55:28.773" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T15:55:28.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12233" CreationDate="2015-10-29T05:00:00.353" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you have covered most of the important bases. But one thing to remember is current form which is very important in today's game. For example, just a few days ago, chelsea fc, a highly rated team who are the defending champions in the premier league  but are going through a bad patch, lost to west ham united fc, a team which finished in 12th position last season, 40 points behind chelsea. So maybe include a way to take into consideration the results in the last 5 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T05:00:00.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12340" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12341" CreationDate="2015-10-29T06:18:56.947" Score="8" ViewCount="2592" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens when the ball rebounds off the corner flag? Does it count as out of bounds? Or does the match just continue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T12:32:00.907" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T12:32:00.907" Title="What will happen if a corner flag blocks the football rolling out of bounds?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12340" CreationDate="2015-10-29T07:12:33.930" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Play continues as usual. Ball doesnt count as going out of bounds until it actually goes out of bounds. &#xA;FIFA Laws of the game 2015/16, page 34 (emphasis my own):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ball out of play&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play has been stopped by the referee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ball in play&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is in play at all other times, including when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or &lt;strong&gt;corner flagpost&lt;/strong&gt; and remains in the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it rebounds off either the referee or an assistant referee when they are on the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2015-10-29T09:44:02.330" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T09:44:02.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10626" CreationDate="2015-10-29T07:23:20.100" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Phab mentioned, teams do not have to give any indication of their formation. They only need to provide a list of 11 players who will take the field at the start. The broadcasting companies take an educated guess, with the help of pundits and experts, as to the formation of the team and positions of the players. They are right most of the time but could be completely wrong as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T07:23:20.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12347" CreationDate="2015-10-29T08:43:42.827" Score="2" ViewCount="4469" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which team in EPL history has overcome the highest point deficit(at equal or more games played than teams at 1st position) to win the league (and what was the deficit)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The deficit could be at any time in the league, but there will be a point where it would be the highest with equal games played with the club at 1st position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T11:01:36.603" Title="Highest point deficit overcome in EPL to win the league?" Tags="|football|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12343" CreationDate="2015-10-29T09:49:22.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manchester United over came a 12 point deficit to Newcastle United to win the 1995/96 Premiership by 7 points. I should mention that the English Premier League, also known as the Premiership, started only in 1992 (i.e., the first season was the 1992/93 season). Before that it was just known as English First Division League. The answer I have given is only for the Premier League era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2015-10-29T10:37:50.557" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T10:37:50.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12345" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12354" CreationDate="2015-10-29T10:21:37.840" Score="3" ViewCount="814" Body="&lt;p&gt;The changes made in 2014 to the FIVB rules contain that basically any touch of the net is treated as a fault. Does this &quot;any&quot; also include passive, unintended contacts, for example if the ball flying into the net pushes it against a player standing on the other side of the net? Or is such a touch still considered legal (or at least not punished)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10216" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T11:27:19.717" Title="Under the 2015 FIVB rules, is there a legal &quot;passive&quot; touch of the net in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12343" CreationDate="2015-10-29T11:01:36.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @red_devil226 pointed out, Newcastle United were &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/league-table.html?season=1995-1996&amp;amp;month=JANUARY&amp;amp;timelineView=date&amp;amp;toDate=822182400000&amp;amp;tableView=CURRENT_STANDINGS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12 points&lt;/a&gt; clear of Manchester United in 1995/1996,  both having played 23 games, but finished 3 points behind them. Here is the league table from 21 January 1996. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T9bNf.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T9bNf.png&quot; alt=&quot;Newcastle 12 point lead table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a close second: in 1997/1998,  Manchester United were &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/league-table.html?season=1997-1998&amp;amp;month=JANUARY&amp;amp;timelineView=date&amp;amp;toDate=885081599999&amp;amp;tableView=CURRENT_STANDINGS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11 points clear&lt;/a&gt; of Arsenal, both having played 22 games, but finished 1 point behind them. Here is the league table from 17 January 1998.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/48hdP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/48hdP.png&quot; alt=&quot;Manchester 11 point lead table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly to the answer from @red_devil226, I only considered the Premier League era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T11:01:36.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12088" CreationDate="2015-10-29T11:33:03.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players are not allowed to be transferred at any time expect during the pre-determined transfer windows. These windows are determined by the respective nation's association. For example, England's transfer windows are from 1 July to 1 September (summer/pre-season window) and from 1 January to 31 January (winter/mid-season window). In Spain the dates are 1 June to 31 August (summer) and 1 January to 2 February (winter). The players must be registered according to FIFA's &lt;strong&gt;Regulations for the Status and Transfer of Players&lt;/strong&gt;, which states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Players may only be registered during one of the two annual registration &#xA;    periods &#xA;    fixed by the relevant association. As an exception to this rule, a &#xA;    professional whose contract has expired prior to the end of a registration &#xA;    period may be registered outside that registration period. Associations are &#xA;    authorised to register such professionals provided due consideration is given to &#xA;    the sporting integrity of the relevant competition. Where a contract has been &#xA;    terminated with just cause, FIFA may take provisional measures in order to &#xA;    avoid abuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent example is the failed move of David de Gea from Manchester United to Real Madrid. The paperwork was not completed before the Spanish deadline of 11.30 pm on Aug 31. Thus the move could not be completed even though the English transfer window was still operational. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T11:33:03.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12349" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-29T20:26:56.803" Score="8" ViewCount="20658" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a person of the opposite team shoots and you try to block the ball but you touch it and the ball still goes in will it count as your score or the other teams score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10220" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-14T11:17:39.073" LastActivityDate="2021-04-09T15:18:22.337" Title="Basketball-who gets the point?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7041" CreationDate="2015-10-30T05:16:19.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you establish a pivot foot and then step through with your non-pivot foot and lift pivot to jump off of your non-pivot only, it is a essentially taking an extra step and therefore a travel. If you step through and jump off of both feet at the same time then it is not a travel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10224" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T05:16:19.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12349" CreationDate="2015-10-30T05:38:26.153" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball travels through your opponent's basket, your opponent gets the points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5, Section I, part D of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/2014-15-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-15 NBA Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. A field goal accidentally scored in an opponent’s basket shall be added to the opponent’s score, credited to the opposing player nearest the player whose actions caused the ball to enter the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T05:38:26.153" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12345" CreationDate="2015-10-30T11:27:19.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, it’s far from “any touch of the net is a fault”. The actual rule (11.3.1) is that “Contact with the net by a player between the antennae, &lt;em&gt;during the action of playing the ball&lt;/em&gt;, is a fault.” (emphasis mine). The next paragraph explains the action of playing the ball includes take-off, hit (or attempt), and landing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That includes touches by the attacking player, the player blocking him, etc., but it excludes e.g. a blocker on the opposite side of the net who was confused by a fake attack. Even though he wanted to block the ball, his contact was not a fault, as he was actually not near the ball, so he was not in the action of playing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it excludes touches made when not playing the ball at all. For instance, if a blocker lands and then turns, touching the net with his shoulder, it is not a fault, the touch has not occurred during the action of playing the ball. However, if a player interferes with the play, even outside the action of playing the ball, that is a fault. (For instance, a player tripping and then using the net for support.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the specific question you ask: &lt;strong&gt;if the ball flies into the net causing it to hit a stationary player on the opposite side, it is not a fault&lt;/strong&gt;. However, if the player has deliberately moved his hands close to the net to alter the rebound of the ball (preventing the opponent from recovering the ball from the net in case of remaining team hits), I believe this could be called a net fault. (It would definitely be a net fault in beach volleyball.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T11:27:19.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12122" CreationDate="2015-10-30T15:37:15.637" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have more choices than you think.  There are many who participate in competitive archery, for example, and don't have any interest in hunting.  You can probably find clubs and/or classes in your area, and eventually competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10227" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T15:37:15.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12390" CreationDate="2015-10-30T16:58:15.760" Score="0" ViewCount="1044" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the most significant differences between the NCAA baseball and MLB rulesets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware this is somewhat subjective, so please try and keep answers to those differences which have the most significant effect on gameplay, rather than something like &quot;the spikes on MLB shoes are allowed to be 1% longer than those in the NCAA&quot; (made up example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T17:30:29.680" Title="What are the most significant differences between the NCAA and MLB rulesets?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12359" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12364" CreationDate="2015-10-30T19:10:00.607" Score="5" ViewCount="3897" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've participated in a volleyball tournament, and noticed that servers (especially those doing overhand serves) bounced the ball twice before starting the serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why do servers do this?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T06:22:20.890" Title="Why do servers bounce the ball before serving?" Tags="|volleyball|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12368" CreationDate="2015-10-31T21:38:48.513" Score="4" ViewCount="9146" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a tennis player and fan myself, this has always been a question that I have wondered about. I know that an ace is when a serve that is in the box goes through untouched. Is a service winner a serve that is hit but not returned, or is it something I have just made up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10235" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T08:20:58.990" LastActivityDate="2023-09-02T01:13:33.720" Title="Is there a difference between a service winner and an ace in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|serve|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12363" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-01T05:52:15.550" Score="1" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is the most popular football code in Australia both in terms of number of active players, and spectator attendance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10237" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-11-03T12:49:55.613" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T12:49:55.613" Title="Which is the most popular game in Australia?" Tags="|football|rugby-union|rugby|australian-rules-football|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-11-03T08:24:27.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12359" CreationDate="2015-11-01T10:27:04.217" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just a ritual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some players hold the ball straight in front of them (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_B%C3%B6hme&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Marcus Böhme&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Mikhailov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Maxim Mikhailov&lt;/a&gt;), some bounce it, some even talk to themselves (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Fromm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Christian Fromm&lt;/a&gt; from the German National team). It helps concentration. It helps you focus on your serve and it let's you take full advantage of the eight seconds available to perform your serve. Some beginners tend to hasten doing their serve, resulting in a lack of focus and increasing the chance of erring.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Some players don't have any ritual at all, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" LastEditorUserId="10049" LastEditDate="2015-11-21T08:29:14.923" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T08:29:14.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12232" CreationDate="2015-11-01T10:45:35.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there are no definite &quot;rules&quot; for determining the quality of attack or reception. Scouts use certain programs (like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digitalscout.com/volleyball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;) to collect information about how well players performed in a match but the assessment scheme employed may be different from program to program.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning the attack, yes, scoring is obviously optimal, be it by directly touching the opponent's ground (with the ball, of course), using the block, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the reception it's somewhat harder as there is no definite &quot;scale&quot; to measure its quality. Teams with an extremely fast-paced play might prefer flat receptions, for example. Anyway, I consider a perfect reception a reception which &lt;strong&gt;enables the setter to &quot;do everything&quot; with the ball&lt;/strong&gt;, that is, play every kind of combination&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; with every pace (possibly including an attack by the setter himself/herself). You could use a scale where&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;0 = disaster; reception directly results in an error&#xA;1 = at least playable; some other player except the setter can set the ball&#xA;2 = fast play confined; the setter can set the ball but e.g. a fast ball to the middleblocker is hard/impossible&#xA;3 = perfect; the setter can play every pace to every player&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://poland2014.fivb.org/en/results_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find the FIVB statistics from the World Championship 2014. Maybe this gives you a better idea of the assessment of receptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;  Alright, you might argue that someone like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano_De_Cecco&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Luciano de Cecco&lt;/a&gt; could play everything from even the base line but we can ignore that, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" LastEditorUserId="10049" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T12:10:25.520" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T12:10:25.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12370" CreationDate="2015-11-01T14:17:33.037" Score="9" ViewCount="4604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting situation happened in a U10 game on 31 October 2015 where the goalie scooped a weak cross from the opponent and everyone ran back to midfield. Upon seeing this, the goalie dropped the ball in his box and dribbled nearly to the circle and then passed to a forward. The play was allowed to stand, but was it legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The goalie was my kid so I'm not looking for an argument against the league, just a coaching or an affirmation opportunity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="894" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T18:04:03.513" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T11:57:11.240" Title="Can a Goalkeeper Handle, Drop, and Dribble From Their Box?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12362" CreationDate="2015-11-01T14:20:03.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. A service winner is a serve that the receiver hits without making a legal return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T14:20:03.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12367" CreationDate="2015-11-01T14:35:59.030" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes this play is completely legal. It often happens even in the big European leagues where goalkeepers dribble a good 10-15 yards out of their box while the opposition players are all relatively far away.. Goalkeepers have as much right to dribble the ball out as any outfield player. If the goalkeeper has legally caught the ball, and has released it from his hand within 6 seconds of catching it, it does not matter how play is continued after the release. He may pass to a team mate with his hands, his legs, or roll the ball out, dribble himself and then pass with his feet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T19:26:37.883" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T19:26:37.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12371" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12377" CreationDate="2015-11-01T16:24:16.940" Score="5" ViewCount="2877" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a soccer game and saw a player on the attacking team take a shot at the goal. It was blocked by a defender and ricocheted towards another attacking player who was in an offside position.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referees called offside on the play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was that the right call, or should they have allowed the play to continue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10235" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-03-13T10:33:28.263" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T10:33:28.263" Title="What happens if a shot rebounds off a defender to an attacker in an offside position?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12371" CreationDate="2015-11-01T20:13:49.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fifa Rules&lt;/a&gt; state on page 36(If this is a professional soccer game): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball&#xA;touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee,&#xA;involved in active play by:&#xA;1. interfering with play or               &#xA;2. interfering with an opponent or&#xA;3. gaining an advantage by being in that position&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, If the player was actually shooting and an defender blocked the shot and bounced off to a player in an offside position and the player did not try to interfere with the opponent, It should have not been an offside, because it has to be play including both the player and the offside player. The offside player was not in the play if he did not attack the ball or the opponent, nor was the player passed to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10240" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T20:13:49.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12376" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-02T07:38:20.083" Score="3" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following last night's game between the Giants and Saints, where Drew Brees had a passer rating of 140.5 and Eli Manning had 138.2, does anyone know if there has been an NFL game where the combined rating was higher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10244" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T07:38:20.083" Title="Highest combined passer rating" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-11-05T22:56:31.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12371" CreationDate="2015-11-02T10:00:38.027" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether a player is in an offside position or not is determined when the ball is last played by a teammate. This is described (albeit in a poorly worded manner) on p. 36 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis on relevant phrases mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 110, in the interpretations section, it is elaborated on what these three somewhat ambiguous sub-clauses mean (emphasis once again mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;“interfering with play” means playing or touching the ball passed or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;“interfering with an opponent” means preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or challenging an opponent for the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“gaining an advantage by being in that position” means playing a ball&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;that rebounds or is deflected to him off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;that rebounds, is deflected or is played to him from a deliberate save by an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent, who&#xA;  deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save), is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from your question, it seems that the attacker that the ball ricocheted towards was in an offside position when the shot was taken. If they weren't, there can be no offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting this together, further elaboration is needed upon what is meant by &lt;em&gt;blocked by a defender&lt;/em&gt; in your original question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball merely deflected off the defender (as is implied by your question and the use of the word &lt;em&gt;ricocheted&lt;/em&gt;), an offside offence has been committed. The attacker is penalised for &lt;em&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/em&gt; by playing a deflection off an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the defender deliberately tried to play the ball, it needs to be determined whether it was a &lt;em&gt;deliberate save&lt;/em&gt; or not. If the ball was heading towards the goal (since it was a shot), it probably was a deliberate save, and there would still be an offside offence. However, if this was a cross or pass not heading towards the goal and the defender deliberately played the ball, there would be no offside offence committed here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is irrelevant here if the ball does not go where the defender intended - all that matters when determining whether the defender's contact with the ball is a deflection or deliberately played is whether they attempted to play it or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, it appears the offence was called before the attacking player touched the ball. Usually, the player is required to play the ball before an offside offence is called by the refereeing team. However on p. 113 it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position may be penalised before playing or&#xA;  touching the ball, if, in the opinion of the referee, no other team-mate in an onside position has the opportunity to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is done to avoid unnecessary collisions between attackers and defenders (particularly the goalkeeper), and large delays in having to bring the ball back to where the attacker was positioned when the ball was played for the free kick when it's completely obvious an offside offence is about to occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-11-17T23:19:15.363" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T23:19:15.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12363" CreationDate="2015-11-02T17:25:10.407" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As written in the comment is not clear what do you mean with &quot;most popular&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can try to reply to the question whinking about popularity like attendance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to those sources (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/interactive/2014/apr/15/australia-football-interactive-statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;guardian&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4174.0Main%20Features52009-10?opendocument&amp;amp;tabname=Summary&amp;amp;prodno=4174.0&amp;amp;issue=2009-10&amp;amp;num=&amp;amp;view=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Bureau of Statistics&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;Australian (rules) Football&lt;/strong&gt; seems the &quot;most popular&quot; sport in that country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sources not agreed on all data, but it seems that this sport is the top on both the rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On other hand the sport with most players seems &lt;strong&gt;football&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the picture belows some images from guardian source: from the last one is possible to notice that only football has an official women League&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ru3Jn.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ru3Jn.png&quot; alt=&quot;Average weekly attendance&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9qKYX.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9qKYX.png&quot; alt=&quot;Average viewer and number of players&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dw8d6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dw8d6.png&quot; alt=&quot;Other info&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-11-03T09:31:27.643" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T09:31:27.643" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12367" CreationDate="2015-11-02T22:53:44.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Supplementary to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/12370/3526&quot;&gt;excellent, accepted answer&lt;/a&gt;, I might add that once the goalkeeper has released the ball from their hands in this situation, they are unable to pick it up again until it has touched another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016/17 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty area, commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;touches the ball with the hands after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;releasing it and before it has touched another player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Younger players will sometimes re-handle the ball when they decide to dribble with their feet, but then come under unanticipated pressure from an opponent. They are then very surprised when a free kick is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T06:17:29.567" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T06:17:29.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12380" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12383" CreationDate="2015-11-03T01:13:23.663" Score="2" ViewCount="1625" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 2 November 2015 near the end of the Seahawks-Cowboys game, the Cowboys were down by 1 but had possession of the ball. They had  no timeouts and next to no time left on the clock. Hurrying to get a play off, they committed an illegal shift by failing to get set before snapping the ball. The result of the play was a sack, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/dallas-cowboys/20151101-horn-if-only-cowboys-could-finish-games-as-well-as-fox-broadcast.ece&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the sack was negated&lt;/a&gt; because in the last minute of a half an illegal shift is treated as a false start. In other words, no free play is given for the defense. Why is this? Sure, it aids the offense in a potentially viewer-friendly, comeback situation, but it's not hard to think of a jillion other rules that would similarly aid the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T13:40:48.630" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T13:40:48.630" Title="Why is an illegal shift treated as a false start at the end of a half in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12380" CreationDate="2015-11-03T04:32:15.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's possible Pereira was referring to the section referring to illegally conserving time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 7 - ACTIONS TO CONSERVE TIME&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. ILLEGAL ACTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;A team is not permitted to conserve time inside of one minute of either half by committing any of these acts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;        &lt;p&gt;a foul by either team that prevents the snap (i.e., false start, encroachment, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;        &lt;p&gt;intentional grounding&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;        &lt;p&gt;an illegal forward pass thrown from beyond the line of scrimmage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;        &lt;p&gt;throwing a backward pass out of bounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;        &lt;p&gt;spiking or throwing the ball in the field of play after a down has ended, except after a touchdown&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;        &lt;p&gt;any other intentional foul that causes the clock to stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Penalty: For Illegally Conserving Time: Loss of five yards unless a larger distance penalty is applicable.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;When actions referred to above are committed by the offensive team while time is in, officials will run 10 seconds off the game clock before permitting the ball to be put in play on the ready-for-play signal. The game clock will start on the ready-for-play signal. If the offensive team has timeouts remaining, it will have the option of using a timeout in lieu of a 10-second runoff, in which case the game clock will start on the snap after the timeout. The defense always has the option to decline the 10-second runoff and have the yardage penalty enforced, but if the yardage penalty is declined, the 10-second runoff is also declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These aren't explicitly false starts, though, and not all are even dead ball fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing in the actual &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#penalty-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; that refers to converting an illegal shift into a false start.  If it's true, and I have no reason to think Pereira would be wrong about something like this, it's either in the referee's supplement (which is not freely available) or an interpretation of something I'm not seeing.  (I don't see, either, where it says that the offense must get set on certain plays differently in the last minute, which he also refers to &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/MikePereira/status/660979281556668416&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in his tweets&lt;/a&gt;.  The offense must always be set for one second - see 7-4-6 - so I don't see how the last minute is special.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete false start rule is rule 7-4-2, and reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. FALSE START&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;It is a False Start if the ball has been placed ready for play, and, prior to the snap, an offensive player who has assumed a set position charges or moves in such a way as to simulate the start of a play, or if an offensive player who is in motion makes a sudden movement toward the line of scrimmage. Any quick abrupt movement by a single offensive player, or by several offensive players in unison, which simulates the start of the snap, is a false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are then some specific items clarifying what is/isn't a false start for particular positions, but nothing about the last minute.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for illegal shifts, rule 7-4-8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 8. SHIFTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;The offensive team is permitted to shift and have two or more players in motion multiple times before the snap. However, after the last shift, all players must come to a complete stop and be in a set position simultaneously for at least one second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;If any eligible backfield player goes in motion (one at a time) after the last shift and comes to a complete stop, there is no requirement for a full second pause before a second player can legally go in motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;However, if the first player has not come to a complete stop when the second player goes in motion, it is another shift and requires another simultaneous stop for at least one second by all players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;It is also an illegal shift if a player under or behind center goes in motion and fails to come to a complete stop for at least one full second prior to the snap, or before a second player goes in motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Note: The offensive team must present a legal formation both before and after a shift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Penalty: For an illegal shift: Loss of five yards.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I suspect, though, is that this was just badly worded.  Rule 7-4-6 is probably what controls here, and while it doesn't have a specific penalty associated with it, it clearly would be a dead ball foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 6. COMPLETE STOP&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;All offensive players are required to come to a complete stop and be in a set position simultaneously for at least one second prior to the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That describes more aptly what it sounds like was the problem: if the players were never set properly to begin with, it's not a shift.  I'm not sure why a penalty isn't explicitly listed here, but it would be similar to a false start, so why not call it that. It's also not clear if it's a dead ball foul (like false start) or a live one, but dead ball makes sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T04:32:15.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12386" CreationDate="2015-11-03T08:27:20.477" Score="3" ViewCount="1423" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally a football match can end with these results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Victory for home team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Victory for away team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Draw&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a judge issues a resolution, he can decide to assign that both teams lost the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a case of public order problems (violence between supporters and so on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example: Taranto - Cavese, italian serie C2 girone C season 2004/2005. Both teams lost the match after the judge's decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I consider this match in head to head statistics between these two teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T08:06:08.593" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T08:06:08.593" Title="Head to head - what to do if both teams lost" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12384" CreationDate="2015-11-03T14:57:02.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well I didn't think this could ever happen, and that any punishment would be achieved by docking points, but at least according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_C2_2004-2005&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;table in Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; some games resulted in &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; teams losing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summing the columns for wins and losses, you can see that 222 games were won, and 226 games lost. The total goal difference is also at -12.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aMICd.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aMICd.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a head-to-head record I suggest using @Don_Biglia's suggestion and just listing the wins for each team, and the draws, for example as found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.statto.com/football/teams/head-to-head/manchester-city/manchester-united&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.statto.com/football/teams/head-to-head/manchester-city/manchester-united&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gGHZ7.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gGHZ7.png&quot; alt=&quot;Head to head chart Manchester City v United&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a match where both teams lost, then the match will not feature at all in the table. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only drawback is that this could mislead somebody as the total number of matches played between the teams. Possibly a footnote could be added &quot;data excludes game from DD.MM.2005 where both teams lost due to crowd violence&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other option I can think of would be to have four rows/columns: Team A Win / Team B Win  / Draw / Other. But it would probably add much complexity just to cover one or two unusual cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T14:57:02.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4146" CreationDate="2015-11-04T09:50:32.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know the only way you can get off the tackiness of your paddle's rubber is to let natural dust cover it as you play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have Hurricane 3 (I use it on backhand) and it was quite tacky in the beginning. But as the time passes, its tackiness get reduced as dust clots on it (And I have to clean it to get the tackiness back).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10255" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T10:46:44.737" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T10:46:44.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12388" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12397" CreationDate="2015-11-04T14:23:12.777" Score="6" ViewCount="4709" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if a tennis player hits the ball with a very large amount of spin and after the first bounce the ball returns to his side of the court?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilbuzz.it.eurosport.com/stars/caro-paire-ci-spieghi-come-hai-fatto-4065/?_ga=1.102619529.947726679.1438592063&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; (the 3rd replay is the best) it is possible to see that the ball is very close to returning to Paire's court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T15:34:46.130" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T04:06:23.670" Title="What happens if the ball returns to the player's side of the court in tennis?" Tags="|rules|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12357" CreationDate="2015-11-04T17:30:29.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest difference that you will notice is that in the MLB players can only use wooden bats.  If a MLB player used a metal bat like they do in the NCAA there would be a lot more home runs and they would go a lot farther too.  On top of that, with the speed that pitchers are now throwing at (the league average was around 92 MPH) it would increase the danger factor exponentially.  If a pitcher got hit in the head with a line drive off a metal bat, chances are good he would not survive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know how familiar you are with Minor League Baseball but generally speaking when a college player gets signed to an MLB team they will be sent to their Single-A affiliate unless they are insanely talented.  When that happens it is for most of the players the first time that they have had to use wooden bats all the time.  For that reason Single-A is considered an 'instructional' league so that players can get used to the bat.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a whole bunch of other differences but that is the biggest one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T17:30:29.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2015-11-04T17:37:30.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A catcher who knows how to properly call a game is essential to any team who hopes to win.  As said above, there is a simple finger system that they use to communicate.  But there is so much more that goes into deciding what pitch to throw next.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every team has a scouting report that lists every hitter's tendencies, strengths and weaknesses.  This is compiled by an advance scout who attends the games of the opponent.  Before every game the pitcher, catcher and pitching coach go over the report and develop a strategy.  A lot of the times that strategy is thrown out the window depending on the situation.  A catcher has to know what a hitters tendencies are including what pitch he is most successful against, which pitch he is least successful against, where he likes to hit the ball whether it be to the opposite field, up the middle, or pulling the ball.  If there are any runners on base he has to know how good of a baserunner they are and what they are most likely to do.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So many things go into pitch selection it's impossible to list them all.  Just know it's a lot more complicated than you think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T17:37:30.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2015-11-04T17:41:31.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, back in the 1920's and 1930's pitchers didn't pitch with maximum effort all game like they do now.  That is why you hear of stories where a pitcher would pitch both games of a doubleheader.  Nowadays pitchers are throwing with maximum effort right from the start.  They have to because hitters are that good.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that they aren't in good enough shape to do it, it's mainly because the hitters are just so good now that they have to throw with maximum effort all the time, and if they don't hitters will jump all over them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T17:41:31.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3116" CreationDate="2015-11-04T19:07:30.997" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the pitcher signaled the pitch then the hitter would see - that is your answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the pitcher, catcher, or coach decides ultimately on what gets pitched is really up to the coach.  I caught for years and always called my games.  When my backup came in the coach called some.  Also the coaches will decide if the pitcher can waive them or the catcher out.  I have had pitchers waive me off and be taken out the next chance.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally until you get into the MLB level you don't want your pitchers putting so much thought on pitches.  They should be worrying about throwing the pitches right - whatever is called.  The catcher has more insight into the hitter because he is right next to him and can see his reaction to different pitches.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T19:07:30.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="876" CreationDate="2015-11-04T19:22:38.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No &quot;thud&quot; sound?  Yes.  No sound at all?  No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the reason you don't want to hear much noise is because it means your body is going up and down and not forward. The &quot;thud&quot; sound means you are using excess force (energy) down against the ground when what you want is to maximize the amount of energy you are using to go forward. Since energy is a zero-sum game when running, that means you won't go as fast or as far as your potential energy allows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="991" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T19:22:38.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7264" CreationDate="2015-11-04T19:39:24.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All injuries that could hamper a player's play or their ability to play must be reported according to NFL guidelines.  The NFL has also added an extra level to injury reports by measuring a player's participation in each practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do coaches report everything?  No way.  Look at Andrew Luck this year.  You don't think if teams knew he had busted ribs he wouldn't be blitzed half the game?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do teams do?  Well most of the time injuries will surface from other sources.  There are beat writers that will mention someone was stretching their hamstring a lot and not practicing.  Something major is very hard to hide.  It is even a lower chance that there is a significant injury that can be hidden but the player will also play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Joe's answer is right on that the need for an injury report stemmed from gambling and insider activity.  Imagine massive wagering based on knowing your first two quarterbacks were out - as the team janitor.  Team janitor could just sell this information too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't think is stressed enough is the impact of revealing injuries on a weekly basis.  It makes keeping a healthy team even more important.  It is a true double-whammy.  Your player doesn't play as good because he is hurt PLUS the other team plays (him) differently because of the injury. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The easiest example I can think of is a WR dealing with ankle or foot issues.  Whatever leg it is on you know they will have trouble pushing off with that foot - limiting their route tree.  You also know that a quick slant will be harder to run.  What do most teams do in this situation?  Hard-man press on this WR.  &lt;strong&gt;Perfect example?&lt;/strong&gt;  Sherman on Dez Bryant coming off broken foot.  There is no way Sherman plays Dez that tight (Dez is a big strong boy) if Dez were totally healthy.  The Cowboys even trying to throw to him at all was laughable and might have cost them the game.  Not only was Sherman smothering him but it took him 2-3 seconds to work the first 10 yards.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What can teams do?&lt;/strong&gt;  Lie.  Hope the injuries don't get out.  Make the injury seem more insignificant than it is.  Make the injury seem more significant than it is (Patriots).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would I lie as a coach in the NFL?  Hell yes.  I get paid to win not to help the league in their gambling endeavors.  I would seriously consider that 20-50 games a year are directly impacted by injury reports.  The NFL is full of close games.  Knowing the opponent's weaknesses might be enough to sway a game 5-7 points.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T19:39:24.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1413" CreationDate="2015-11-04T19:52:37.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have Chiefed for a few athletic organizations and ran umpires when I was younger.  I was also taught by some very good MLB level umpire.  Basic guidelines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are consistent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are going to yell &quot;ball&quot; for a ball then you must say the word &quot;strike&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most umpires would just yell something for strike (and nothing for ball).  Most say &quot;strike&quot;, some yell the number for the strike (if it is strike two they just yell &quot;two&quot;), some just say whatever, the showmen from the 90s might say &quot;str-iii-eee-kkkkk-e&quot;, some might say &quot;strike one&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We were told that we must communicate with the hitter on 2 strike or 3 ball calls and be clear.  So with two strikes the hitter must know if he needs to take off on the third strike.  I would normally say &quot;strike&quot; or &quot;strike three&quot;.  When the catcher held the ball long enough I would finish with &quot;you're out&quot;.  If the catcher did not catch the ball I would not say another word.  If the hitter looked at me I would turn my head towards first.  Up to him to do the rest.  Same thing on ball 3 but not quite as important.  I will definitely announce &quot;ball four&quot; so that the hitter may sprint to first and pick up an extra bag if there is a passed ball. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T19:52:37.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12388" CreationDate="2015-11-05T04:06:23.670" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us say Player 1 hits the ball with a huge amount of spin, causing it to bounce in Player 2's side of the court and return back over the net to Player 1's side. If Player 2 is unable to reach over the net and play the ball, Player 1 gets the point. If Player 2 is able to reach over the net and play the ball without him, his clothing or any item he may be carrying touching the net, net post or the ground on Player 1's side of the court, Player 2 has made a legitimate return and play resumes normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Player-to-Player/Rules/Reaching_over_the_net/&quot;&gt;USTA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the spin or wind brings the ball back over the net to the side of the player(s) who hit the shot, the opponent(s) may then reach over the net and play the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T04:06:23.670" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="957" CreationDate="2015-11-05T08:30:57.633" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find I love the 3x125mm setup for generally everything, however the 4x90mm is just wicked and has a positive feel when skating. I feel more planted with this setup. I feel more confident and get a full workout. Its faster off the mark and generally a beast.&#xA;I still cannot decide if I have a preference. I wanna try a 4x110mm then I will see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10259" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T08:30:57.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12400" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-05T16:06:53.687" Score="2" ViewCount="1999" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been using MapMyRun for a few years now, generally it's ok stats wise but is pretty horrible to use. So looking to move all my data from it to Runkeeper, is there a way this can be done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally it would be great if all the runs I have completed in MapMyRun are replicated in Runkeeper, is that even possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10264" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T05:56:53.827" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T05:56:53.827" Title="Send MapMyRun data to Runkeeper" Tags="|running|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2018-04-28T11:56:11.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12400" CreationDate="2015-11-05T16:26:27.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fitnesssyncer.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.fitnesssyncer.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It worked great, did all my runs separately including all the data and routes!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10264" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T16:26:27.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7054" CreationDate="2015-11-06T19:58:58.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your height will be a detriment to you being a goal keeper.   Your wingspan is probably a bigger indicator to whether you will have success though.  If your wingspan is 6'6&quot; then you are much better off.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the main attributes of a goalie covering a goal (as most other goalie attributes would be outside the realm of height):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cover a fixed area (based on height and wingspan)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ability to move that fixed area (speed/quickness)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ability to anticipate where to move faster &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ability to cover passes of a certain height&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are already at a huge disadvantage to your 6'4&quot; counterpart for #1.  I am going to assume that a shorter person would be quicker or more agile.  Maybe not by a lot but generally a little quicker since it is easier to move 150 pounds than 210 pounds.  So you might win on #2.  You may have issues with #3 since you are moving sports and this anticipation is learnt over many years.  And again you will have a major disadvantage on #4 unless you have outstanding vertical that can make up for you lack of height.  And there is really nothing that correlates with a shorter person having more hops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can be a goalie for sure at a club level.  You have to demonstrate that your quickness, intuitiveness and vertical make up for your lack of height.   Note that you will probably have to be &quot;better&quot; than your competition to beat them out for a spot since you aren't the norm.  Going past club level though you will have to have world-class abilities in quickness or vertical (plenty of tall guys can be as intuitive as you) to carry on.  And if you do have world-class ability then maybe another position would highlight those things better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T19:58:58.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12122" CreationDate="2015-11-07T02:34:25.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was with friends with someone who took archery classes and accepted an invitation to attend one. It was a safe environment (ie, safety was actively practiced and emphasized) with multiple wooden bullseye targets. From what I observed with my friend, archery classes would help your son safely while educating him beyond the classes your YMCA offers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a more general note, if your son is enjoying what he is currently doing, then keep doing what you're doing. One possible con in taking lessons is that it may take the fun away. For example, several professional golfers have &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703730804576321120772595378&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;never had a golf lesson&lt;/a&gt;, but they're doing fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I don't know anything about archery. I hope this helps in some way, but I'm nowhere near a definitive source for your specific question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T02:34:25.890" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-07T05:25:38.100" Score="7" ViewCount="505" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do they have to wear knee pads for that matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I watched so many matches and I always wondered why the bye runners ever have to wear a helmet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10273" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2015-11-08T14:29:32.613" LastActivityDate="2015-11-08T14:29:32.613" Title="Why do runners wear helmets?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12122" CreationDate="2015-11-07T06:07:32.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your son doesn't need archery classes.  But you need to read up on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.archery360.com/archery-for-beginners/archery-safety-tips-and-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;safety guidelines&lt;/a&gt; and share these with you son.  This becomes more of an issue if your son has friends practicing with him - it is pretty hard for someone to get hurt alone while practicing archery (or hurt badly).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the YMCA classes... I would ask for thorough proof that the person giving the class has serious knowledge of archery.  Most YMCA classes consist of them hiring a teenager and the teenager going over their class &quot;sheet&quot;.  There is just as good of a chance that your son will get worse habits rather than better habits while going through a generic Y class.  I would either pay extra for a pro - who may make you son a lot better (while preaching correct safety) or do nothing.  And this pro will probably give your son more tips in 20 mins than a Y kid in 20 lessons - and this extra knowledge will make your son happy.  I would start with your local ranges and ask if they know of any pros/experienced shooters that offer classes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T06:36:09.493" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T06:36:09.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2015-11-07T06:07:44.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The role of a runner is a replacement for the injured batsman. In the interest of fairness to the fielding side, the runner must wear all the external protective equipment worn by the batsman he is running for, and must carry a bat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is obsolete now. Runners have been abolished from all forms of international cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T06:07:44.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2015-11-07T06:10:02.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the cricketing rules,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player acting as a runner for a batsman shall be a member of the&#xA;  batting side and shall, if possible, have already batted in that&#xA;  innings. The runner shall wear external protective equipment&#xA;  equivalent to that worn by the batsman for whom he runs and shall&#xA;  carry a bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Helmets,pads and other things are external protective equipment which is worn by the batsman needs to be worn by the runner too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Currently bye-runners rule is not available. The rule is removed since it was used in a wrong way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reference:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7689" LastEditorUserId="7689" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T11:50:35.497" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T11:50:35.497" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-07T07:30:42.490" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an official, international circuit of tournaments (like ATP/WTA for tennis) for paddle tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T08:56:40.363" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T18:10:44.647" Title="Official circuit for paddle?" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12411" CreationDate="2015-11-08T17:19:43.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;National and international Tournaments for Ranking only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.padelfip.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.padelfip.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;jMike &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10280" LastActivityDate="2015-11-08T17:19:43.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-08T19:55:34.380" Score="2" ViewCount="2482" Body="&lt;p&gt;What, if anything does a NCAA college coach have to do to redshirt an athlete?  Is there an official document or paperwork required to be sent in to the NCAA? What does that process look like? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10281" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:25:04.720" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:25:04.720" Title="Redshirt process for college soccer D1 school" Tags="|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2015-11-09T11:10:38.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play with the smallest possible shin pads. i don't like any padding around my ankle. as a striker i need to have a clean hit of the ball. I find with ankle protection that doesn't always happen. Being a striker means most of my injuries from fouls are down the back of my calve where even large shin pads won't protect me. Its nothing to do with bad habits, more so to do with the position you play. It does also help if you know how to avoid a nasty tackle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10284" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T11:10:38.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12417" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12418" CreationDate="2015-11-09T13:38:41.810" Score="8" ViewCount="1768" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I have watched some recorded volleyball games featuring the Brazilian men's national team. I noticed that frequently - in nearly every set I have watched - they substitute one or two players after approximately half the set has been played. The player(s) that came in are resubstituted after only a few - sometimes less than five - points by the original players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to be so common that the TV commentator was saying things like &quot;the usual Brazilian substitution is coming early this set&quot;. However, he didn't give a rationale for this kind of substitution. So what is the team trying to achieve by such a substitution pattern, especially when it is obviously done in a majority of sets played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For avoidance of doubt, I'm not talking about the libero replacement, but about the substitution of one &quot;regular&quot; player for another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10216" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T21:18:01.447" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T08:30:11.810" Title="What is the rationale behind short-term substitutions in volleyball?" Tags="|strategy|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12417" CreationDate="2015-11-09T14:09:34.360" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a bit hard to be specific without more details, but the reason is the same as everything else: to gain a tactical advantage. Some common examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If one of your substitutes is better at serve reception and/or defensively than one of your starters, you put the substitute on when they are in the back row, and then reverse the substitution when they rotate to the front row.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If one of your substitutes is a particularly strong server, you substitute them on when they rotate to serve, and then reverse the substitution when you lose the serve.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A more advanced tactic is, just as your setter is about to enter the front row, to substitute your backup setter for the starting opposite hitter and the backup opposite hitter for the starting setter. This substitution is then reversed three rotations later when the backup setter enters the front row. This gives you nine consecutive rotations with three front row hitters.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, another reason if a team is winning easily (or in some cases, losing heavily) is to give the reserves some court time to increase their experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One minor rules note which you may be aware of, but in any case others may not: if during a set player B is substituted for player A, the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; further substitution which made be made in that set involving player B is to replace them with player A. This explains why it's always the original player in the &quot;resubstitution&quot; rather than a third player C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-10T08:30:11.810" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T08:30:11.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12420" CreationDate="2015-11-10T08:57:51.437" Score="3" ViewCount="2424" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, is it legal to shoot and score directly from a throw in? I have seen people do it online, but I couldn't find any official rules that describe the legality of it in a real game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10290" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-11T11:44:56.393" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T16:10:02.237" Title="In basketball, is it legal to score directly from a throw in?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12419" CreationDate="2015-11-10T09:11:49.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure you looked very hard :-) From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;offical FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 17.3.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player taking the throw-in shall not: [...] Cause the ball to enter the basket directly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/2014-15-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, this is covered by Rule 10, Section III:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A thrower-in shall not [...] throw the ball so that it enters the basket before touching anyone on the court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-12T16:10:02.237" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T16:10:02.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10549" CreationDate="2015-11-10T15:19:54.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright, I finally figured it out. The problem was that my sight picture was about three inches off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9595" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T15:19:54.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12422" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-10T21:47:59.730" Score="8" ViewCount="4849" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've watched a lot of EPL matches lately, and I've realized how awkwardly the captains are chosen.  The captains sometimes don't have many key qualities, or assist their team much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What criteria make a player more worthy of being captain than others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some criteria I considered, and their exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Popularity&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;West Ham's captain is &lt;strong&gt;Mark Noble&lt;/strong&gt; who is a stranger to neutral fans compared to Dimitri Payet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool's &lt;strong&gt;Jordan Henderson&lt;/strong&gt; is injury-prone, and with an FPL score of 7, might as well be another benchwarmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Position&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Manchester City selected &lt;strong&gt;Vincent Kompany&lt;/strong&gt;, a central defender who rarely moves up the pitch, as their captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal has &lt;strong&gt;Per Mertesacker&lt;/strong&gt;, also a central defender, as their captain. Being the slowest on the team makes him an unlikely playmaker. The previous captain, Mikel Arteta, played as a defensive midfielder, which is slightly more reasonable for the position criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Communication / Chemistry&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Manchester City's &lt;strong&gt;Yaya Touré&lt;/strong&gt; is one of few professional soccer players from Côte d'Ivoire. Based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ob44ctgcnE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KSI's gameplay video with him&lt;/a&gt;, it can be said that his English is not perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tottenham Hotspur has their goalkeeper, &lt;strong&gt;Hugo Lloris&lt;/strong&gt;, as their captain, despite being the only French player on the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any specific properties that make a player more suitable as captain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T20:44:24.273" LastActivityDate="2021-01-31T05:20:50.967" Title="How are captains selected?" Tags="|football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12422" CreationDate="2015-11-11T02:41:57.653" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Captaincy can be considered as a symbolic responsibility. Technically on the pitch, he's just another player who's subject to the rules. But there are some unwritten rules that he's also subject to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is expected to calm his mates when they get unnecessarily aggressive on the field. He's supposed to take care of his team's diplomacy (The ceremony at the beginning of the games is an example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is said that captain is the player that other ten look at when things get out of their hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it can be told that there are multiple factors about how a captain is selected. How long is he a part of his team? How's his relations with his mates, coach, opponent players, referees and fans? Is he respected and respectful? Can he act correctly when others can't? List goes on and on. The player that manager believes he suits the parameters the best, gets the captaincy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T02:41:57.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12422" CreationDate="2015-11-11T05:49:03.797" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The captain is usually picked by the manager, and it's up to him to decide based on what he thinks is best for the team. There is a lot of different reasons for choosing a captain, all based on different managers preferences. Some reason might be these (not a complete list):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Experience &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Age&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leadership abilities &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Position &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Influence on others&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tactical knowledge &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good relations with the manager&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fighting spirit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How well a player is liked by the rest of the team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pleasing the ego of a star&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Years played in the team &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10113" LastEditorUserId="10113" LastEditDate="2015-11-11T18:42:34.050" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T18:42:34.050" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4073" CreationDate="2015-11-11T15:10:06.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hemp, Bamboo and Cotton are often used for their absorbancy rather than wicking characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hemp and Bamboo have become popular in some applications due to their anti=-bacterial properties and they remain more 'comfortable' than cotton when damp, but they will still absorb moisture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend Merino wool socks, and my personal preference is, as ml242 said, to go as thin as possible to ensure good control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for those renting boots, a thicker sock is often preferred as it improves comfort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10299" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T15:10:06.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12428" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-12T00:01:12.853" Score="5" ViewCount="7762" Body="&lt;p&gt;I passed the ball to the forward, who was then one on one with the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The forward shoots on first touch and hits the post.  The ball rebounds, and with no one else touching the ball, the forward scored. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this count as an assist for me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10301" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2015-11-13T09:23:10.883" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T11:39:37.560" Title="Does this count as an assist?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12428" CreationDate="2015-11-12T01:22:27.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What really makes an assist is something sports community is yet to have a mutual agreement on. But I can tell you that, that should (though most probably won't) count as an assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most accepted concepts of assisting are when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1- The goalscorer converts the pass directly without any extra touch. (Header, no control kicks etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2- The goals scorer doesn't directly convert the pass but the goalscoring opportunity was created directly by the pass. (Through pass to create a 1v1 with GK)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3- Pass has changed the flow of the game in a way that scoring the goal became possible for the pass receiver in the very same attack the pass took place in. (Pass from one side of the box to the other. Goalscorer controls the ball, fakes one defender and scores)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a necessity, the assist-maker must be the last person to touch the ball before the goalscorer takes the shot that in the end, results in the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastEditorUserId="10295" LastEditDate="2015-11-13T01:21:34.333" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T01:21:34.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12413" CreationDate="2015-11-12T06:13:32.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Athletic Director's office registers all athletes at school for all sanctioned sports (NCAA doesn't care/govern club sports) - this may slightly vary by school but how it worked at the school I was affiliated with.  Each athlete is registered with a code.  For incoming freshman they must be declared a redshirt before a specific date in accordance with that specific sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coaches are more likely than not to register a freshman as a redshirt because it doesn't hurt.  Athletes can be unredshirted instantly.  The school would only get sanctioned if they tried to cover up an athletes activity to keep them redshirted.  The reason why all freshman aren't redshirted is that a coach may know they want to play someone, the coach may fear that the athlete would be unhappy and leave, or the coach just wants a certain amount of turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now when a freshman athlete comes to a campus they have one of 3 statuses (forgive me if I mishandle the exact names).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eligible - fully eligible for practices and game activity.  This athlete you would have to notify the NCAA of their redshirt request.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Academic redshirt - based on their test scores (ACT) and high school GPA and a lot of hocus pocus the NCAA has a &quot;grey area&quot; where an athlete can retain a scholarship and practice but is not allowed to play in a game.  This person could not be instantly redshirted for football (or any 1st semester sport) but in basketball this might happen if the student fixes things in the first semester.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ineligible - student can't practice or play or receive scholarship money.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other (that is 3 now) redshirt is a medical redshirt.  If hurt before the first game the NCAA pretty much grants any freshman a medical redshirt.  If it is after the first game the student must apply and more NCAA hocus pocus happens.  And then there are students who have had two medical redshirts happen.  So a redshirt freshman then sophomore.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T06:13:32.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9028" CreationDate="2015-11-12T11:01:03.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3ujR9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3ujR9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Believe it was Birmingham City who began this tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10305" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T11:01:03.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12428" CreationDate="2015-11-13T02:33:17.147" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/69/fwc_italy_1990_a_part6_273.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Italy 1990 FIFA World Cup technical report&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An assist point can be awarded to a player when he/she:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Makes the last pass to the eventual goalscorer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Makes a penultimate pass that decisively influenced the play leading up to the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Attempts a shot on net which rebounds, allowing the goalscorer to successfully score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Is fouled (in the attacking half), and the kicktaker scores directly from the kick (unless he/she is taking the free kick themselves)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An assist point &lt;strong&gt;cannot&lt;/strong&gt; be rewarded for :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Solo efforts (e.g. dribbling runs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A goal scored as the result of a mistake of the defending team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An update to the definition of an assist was provided in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/00/fwc_mexico_1986_en_part4_279.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mexico 1986 World Cup technical report&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In order to get an assist for the goalscorer taking advantage of a shot's rebound, the assister's shot must be on target.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Up to two people may receive assist points if their passes were decisive and/or significant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;These are all the possibilities for an assist to be awarded, but whether or not they're accepted depends on the league. &lt;br&gt;(e.g. the BPL only rewards assists to one player, and a goal resulting from a foul received is not counted as an assist.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The updates to the definition seem scattered about, and not always provided in each technical report. But these two reports seem to be of utmost importance, and still have their application to modern day football/soccer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Complete list of FIFA technical reports &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/official-documents/development/technical-study-group-reports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;OPTA&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://optasports.com/news-area/blog-optas-event-definitions.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;OPTA's Event Definitions&lt;/a&gt; and their blog post, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.optasports.com/news-area/blog-god-assist-me.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;God Assist Me&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, both quote the same definition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The final pass or pass-cum-shot leading to the recipient of the ball scoring a goal [is counted as an assist].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T23:07:12.790" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T23:07:12.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-13T03:27:07.097" Score="4" ViewCount="1301" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball has gone out of shape and needs to be changed, the umpires bring out a box of balls which are similar to one being bowled. Where do these other balls come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10309" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-13T08:30:36.283" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T08:30:36.283" Title="Where do the &quot;spare&quot; balls come from in Test Match cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12436" CreationDate="2015-11-13T07:25:06.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are balls used in previous matches and kept to be used as spares.   They will be the same type of ball as being used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires then look for a ball of similar wear and tear. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T07:25:06.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2015-11-13T18:00:03.177" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that they are put in these numbers because they are linked to soccer players for example messi wears number 10 and sachin too and Ronaldo wears 7 and dhoni too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10313" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T18:00:03.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2015-11-13T23:18:44.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without having a source for cricket especially, I would guess that it's the team leaders/coach/manager that decide the players numbers. As far as I know this is normal in all team sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players normally gets to request a number, and in most cases the get their choice if no one else wants it, but in the end it's decided by the leaders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10113" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T23:18:44.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7221" CreationDate="2015-11-14T02:14:19.220" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously 100 years ago, players were more ruggy and tough compared to modern day players. They were often farm workers or factory workers. Therefore, their bodies could endure more than our bodies due to their strength working in factories or farms every day. That way, pitching feels easy compared to what we feel when we are not working the farm every day from dawn to dusk. People in general had a much more tough part to them because most did not have jobs that were not dealed with hard intense labor every day, so they were able to pitch more with less rest than modern day humans and players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10314" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T02:14:19.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12443" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-14T22:01:24.607" Score="19" ViewCount="638" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Test and first-class cricket, to win you need to do two things: outscore your opponent and bowl them out twice. If you only manage to outscore them, but fail to cause their last innings to come to an end, the game will end in a draw, no matter how large your lead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other sports where you need to achieve two different objectives like that within a set period of time (Or some other limitation on the duration of the game) to win, barring which it becomes a draw? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10317" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T17:10:16.743" Title="Any other sport with draws like cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2015-11-15T16:13:11.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tape a penny (2.5 grams), tiny metal washer or other low-profile but relatively heavy object to the shaft's T-joint. Warning- tape it very well or else it will eventually come off as a flying projectile toward your opponent!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10320" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T16:13:11.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12453" CreationDate="2015-11-16T14:29:36.267" Score="7" ViewCount="5985" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_pitch#Pitch_boundary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, an association football pitch:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;…is rectangular in shape. The longer sides are called touchlines. The other opposing sides are called the goal lines. The two goal lines must be between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yd) and be the same length. The two touch lines must also be of the same length, and be between 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yd) in length.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to imply that it would be theoretically possible for a football club to build a stadium around a (valid) square pitch with dimensions 90m x 90m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is are there any examples of prominent* football teams/matches using a pitch that is close* to square in shape?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*The words 'prominent' and 'close' are deliberately open to interpretation because I have no idea how common variation in pitch size/shape is, or what the degree of standardisation is at various competitive levels within the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T09:11:07.113" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T09:11:07.113" Title="Football fields that are approximately square" Tags="|rules|football|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-16T20:37:33.160" Score="4" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the NHL or any other league provide guidelines for use by league statisticians?  E.g. for giveaways, takeaways, checks, possession, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10325" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-02-06T13:38:39.677" LastActivityDate="2022-03-19T20:03:40.903" Title="Does the NHL provide guidelines for collecting stats?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12452" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-17T02:59:31.717" Score="3" ViewCount="4604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say the ball goes in halfway past the rim, and an opponent knocks the ball back upwards and out. Does this count for points? How far does the ball have to pass the rim to count as a successful score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10329" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T07:43:05.087" Title="NBA rule - how far does the ball have to go in the hoop to count for points?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12447" CreationDate="2015-11-17T03:58:54.463" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is highly unlikely that any prominent football teams use a pitch that is close to square in shape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 7 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that it is theoretically possible for a football field to be close to square (eg. 89m x 91m).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, most clubs will try to construct a field as close as possible to international sizing to provide a consistent experience for players and spectators:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Length:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;minimum 100 m (110 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;maximum 110 m (120 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Width:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;minimum 64 m (70 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;maximum 75 m (80 yds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many football associations will not allow clubs to participate in competitions with a field with dimensions that greatly differ from international sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FA, for example, for football clubs in England, suggests the following dimensions (which correspond to the minimum international size) in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/my-football/football-volunteers/runningaclub/yourfacilities/%7E/media/92ECD91DAE784454A0987C462B735F8F.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The FA Guide to Pitch and Goalpost Dimensions (pdf link)&lt;/a&gt; on page 3 (quoted from a table):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The FA Recommended Pitch Sizes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over 18 (senior ages) (Age grouping)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11 v 11 (Type)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;110 x 70 (Recommended size without runoff (safety area around pitch))&#xA;(Length x width (yards))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many higher-level leagues have a number of criteria for entry aside from first-team performance, and one such criterion is ground facilities. This criterion includes not only dressing rooms, lighting and spectator seating, but also the quality of the field. A field with dimensions completely inconsistent with others in the league is likely to be seen as inadequate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that such a large range of sizes are still allowed, is that football is played in a variety of locations - some in which the land is not readily available to construct an international-sized pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be possible to find a nearly-square pitch in recreational leagues in developing nations, but once a club has reached a semi-professional league (ie. a league in which some players receive some remuneration, but not enough to derive a steady income) it will have a pitch with dimensions that are very close to, if not consistent with an international-sized pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T03:58:54.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12454" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12455" CreationDate="2015-11-17T04:48:24.463" Score="3" ViewCount="450" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm surprised that Belgium football team is standing No.1 in FIFA World Ranking. They have never won the World Cup. What made them standing ahead of Germany and other more well known teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9415" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T17:56:33.010" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T17:56:33.010" Title="Why is the Belgium football team standing No. 1?" Tags="|ranking|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2015-11-17T05:21:01.380" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA world ranking is calculated based on results from all matches a team play: Qualifying matches, friendlies and championship matches. Matches from the last four years count, and it's weighted so that more significant matches and recent results count more. Also your opponent is weighted so that higher ranked opponents gives more points for a victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about it here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings&quot;&gt;wikipedia on FIFA world ranking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is Belgium on top?&#xA;The simple answer is that they have gotten the best results against fairly good opponents. If you look more at their results you will find that they have won their two last qualifying groups. They only lost against Argentina in 2014 WC and have performed well in their friendlies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_national_football_team_results#2010.E2.80.932019&quot;&gt;Belgium matches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time there is no doubt that the ranking could be exploited by carefully selecting friendlies to get the highest possible ranking. I'm not claiming that Belgium have done this, but it happens and proves the difficulties in making a ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10113" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T05:21:01.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12452" CreationDate="2015-11-17T05:42:02.313" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be illegal and considered interference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From NBA rule 11, section I&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player should not :&#xA;  b. Touch any ball from within the playing area when it is above the basket ring and within the imaginary cylinder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g. Touch the ball at any time with a hand which is through the basket ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i. Touch the rim, net or ball while the ball is in the net, preventing it from clearing the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PENALTY: If the violation is at the opponent’s basket, the offended team is awarded two points, if the attempt is from the two point zone and three points if it is from the three point zone. The crediting of the score and subsequent procedure is the same as if the awarded score has resulted from the ball having gone through the basket, except that the official shall hand the ball to a player of the team entitled to the throw-in. If the violation is at a team’s own basket, no points can be scored and the ball is awarded to the offended team at the free throw line extended on either sideline. If there is a violation by both teams, no points can be scored, play shall be resumed by a jump ball between any two opponents in the game at the center circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/2014-15-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot;&gt;NBA rules 2014-2015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10113" LastEditorUserId="10113" LastEditDate="2015-11-17T07:43:05.087" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T07:43:05.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12462" CreationDate="2015-11-17T20:48:33.140" Score="2" ViewCount="1081" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the faceoff stat is collected in the NHL, can there be a draw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10325" LastEditorUserId="10325" LastEditDate="2015-11-17T23:34:45.583" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T05:03:31.973" Title="Is there always a faceoff winner in ice hockey?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12460" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12468" CreationDate="2015-11-17T20:54:01.520" Score="3" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the team possession stat, when the game is in progress does one team always have possession or can there ever be a time when neither team is defined as having possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10325" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T12:14:20.143" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T12:14:20.143" Title="How is the team possession stat calculated in ice hockey?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12461" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12465" CreationDate="2015-11-17T20:59:40.413" Score="6" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;During an on-the-fly player change, it is generally acceptable for the replacement player to step on the ice a second or two before the player he is replacing steps off the ice, if such a change doesn't impact the play of the game. In this case, does the time when both players are on the ice count towards the time-on-ice stat for both players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how is the +/- stat counted for the two players if a goal is scored during those couple of seconds when both players are on the ice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10325" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T17:22:00.570" Title="On-the-fly changes in ice hockey" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12459" CreationDate="2015-11-18T05:03:31.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is always possible to define a faceoff winner, because the definition of a faceoff win is simply whichever team first has possession of the puck (a brief possession is sufficient, anything longer than a deflection).  That must happen following a faceoff, so you can always declare a winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T05:03:31.973" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12461" CreationDate="2015-11-18T15:28:27.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My feeling is there is no complete answer for this question unfortunately - that it's just up to the scorer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For exapmle, on Saturday the &lt;a href=&quot;http://blackhawks.nhl.com/gamecenter/en/boxscore?id=2015020256&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Blackhawks and Blues played&lt;/a&gt;.  Adding up the TOI for the blackhawks comes to 288:56, which is 11:04 short of a full game (of 300).  However, there were 12 minutes shorthanded plus 2 minutes of 4 on 4 in that game (Kane/Pietrangelo unsportsmanlikes), for a total of 14 minutes of time that's not accounted for; meaning that you're 2:56 over the amount of time that should be accounted for.  As Kevin points out in comments, those can be accounted for by looking at when the StL PP goal was scored - and the last minor was with only :04 left in the game.  So the ToI does look like it adds up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/shiftcharts?id=2015020256&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;shift chart for the game&lt;/a&gt;, I don't see any overlaps at all in the shift changes; they all have a corresponding off/on pair.  But whether the TOI stat comes from the same place as the shift chart, I don't know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as +/-, again I don't think it's explicit anywhere; it would be up to the scorer to determine exactly who was officially on the ice when it occurred.  Typically when I've seen it, the player getting on the ice is credited so long as they're fully on the ice - the player leaving is more or less 'out of it' once that's happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T14:58:50.030" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T14:58:50.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12466" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-18T15:35:40.220" Score="11" ViewCount="4366" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis players spend countless hours working on their serve for years, or decades, just as they do every other shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet it's entirely common to see even the top players in the world struggle to get significantly more than half their first serves in. The serve is the one shot you are totally in control for, so clearly this is deliberate - but why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T16:22:51.230" Title="Why are tennis players so bad at serving?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12466" CreationDate="2015-11-18T16:09:54.710" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;The strategy is indeed deliberate and it comes from a risk/reward evaluation. Keep in mind that the goal of each serve is not simply to have it be in, but to win a point.  Just as the server has been practicing the serve their whole life, the other person has practiced returning serves their whole life.  Pro tennis players are good enough, I'm sure, to get practically every serve in; but when that's the goal, the risk becomes having easily returnable serves wherein the opponent gets the upper hand.  You could look at first serves as the server &lt;em&gt;pushing the boundaries&lt;/em&gt;--they want to maximize the possible reward of an ace or a poorly returned serve and in doing so they risk a lower success rates.  On second serves, less of a chance is taken, they knowingly reduce the effectiveness (reward) of the serve in order to minimize the risk (double fault and giving up point).  It's not that they &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; control their serve, it's just that they're aiming for the very best serve they're capable of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could liken it to a professional soccer player taking a penalty kick.  Sometimes the kick ends up sailing over the goal or to one of the sides.  It's not because the player isn't any good--they could hit the ball into the net 100% of the time practicing by themself--but the fact that a goalie is trying to stop him causes the player to push the limits of his skill and sometimes fail at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2015-11-18T16:22:51.230" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T16:22:51.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12460" CreationDate="2015-11-18T16:52:05.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the NHL at least, the term &quot;team possession&quot; can be a little bit of a misnomer considering how it's calculated.  It doesn't actually come from somebody holding a stopwatch and keeping track of the time that each time controls the puck.  They have tried that method before, but there's the problem that you pose which happens quite often where it's unclear which team has &quot;possession&quot;.  Instead, there's a couple of statistics called &lt;a href=&quot;https://mapleleafshotstove.com/2014/08/05/introduction-to-advanced-statistics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Corsi and Fenwick (or FenClose)&lt;/a&gt; (scroll down to Possession Statistics) that have been shown to be good indicators of time of possession, as well as other things. Based on shot attempts, they're sometimes translated to a time, which is the stat that you've probably seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T16:52:05.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9135" CreationDate="2015-11-19T07:44:50.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The baseball rulebook is rather ambiguous when it comes to launch points for pitchers.  I have a strong feeling that within the next few years we see pitchers try to take advantage of whatever they can will happen and then eventually we might see actual rules that define exact things that need to happen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right now umpires get a situation book that gives examples - we used to receive these every spring.  It would go over trendy things and tell whether each was acceptable or not.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question there really isn't legal/illegal in baseball.  If a pitch doesn't follow the rules is a balk.  A pitcher has unlimited balks.  Each balk without a runner on base is a ball.  With runners it is a base and a ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T07:44:50.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12473" CreationDate="2015-11-19T13:39:08.823" Score="5" ViewCount="8532" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have just seen this snippet of the recent Argentina-Colombia match in which James (Colombia #10) deliberately pushes his own teammate Torres (Colombia #16) to get to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA4Ix9TsxLQ&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA4Ix9TsxLQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee's call in this particular case was clearly incorrect (he gave an free kick to Colombia because he believed that Biglia, Argentina #6, who didn't actually do anything, was the one to cause Torres to fall). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what would the correct call have been? More generally, if you foul your own teammate, do the Rules of the Game allow the referee to award the opposite team a free kick? Can you even be yellow-carded or red-carded for such an action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T04:00:15.443" Title="Fouling a teammate in football: what is the correct referee decision?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12472" CreationDate="2015-11-19T14:02:34.293" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, you can't foul a member of your own team; almost every reference in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/~/media/files/pdf/the%20fa%202015-16/laws-of-the-game-2015-16.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; refers to &quot;an opponent&quot; - in particular, see Law 12 Fouls and Misconduct, Direct free kick (page 37):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;jumps at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;charges an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;strikes or attempts to strike an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;pushes an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;tackles an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player can be booked for &quot;unsporting behaviour&quot; (Law 12, Cautionable offences (page 39)) which is a general catch-all the referee can use for a lot of things not covered by anything specific and could in theory be used in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That all said, unless the team is trying to somehow gain an unfair advantage over the opposition by &quot;tackling&quot; their own teammates, this feels to me like something which the referee should just let happen - it's something for the team and their manager to sort out, not the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T09:20:47.757" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T09:20:47.757" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12474" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12476" CreationDate="2015-11-19T15:00:34.220" Score="6" ViewCount="5824" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the NFL's current &quot;modified sudden death&quot; overtime rules, if the first team scores a field goal, the second team is entitled to one more possession.  What happens if the clock runs out during that possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the score is tied 20-20 at the end of the 4th quarter. Team A wins the overtime coin toss and receives the kickoff to begin overtime.  After a long slow drive, Team A scores a field goal to make the score 23-20.  Now they kick off to Team B.  Team B is not able to score, and the overtime period ends with Team B still in possession.  What happens?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule16&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 16&lt;/a&gt; is not very explicit on this point.  Article 4 (a) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There shall be a maximum of one 15-minute period, even if the second team has not had an opportunity to possess the ball or if its initial possession has not ended. If the score is tied at the end of the period, the game shall result in a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this means that Team A wins, 23-20, but I am not completely sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened in a regular-season NFL game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2020-05-23T00:51:53.910" Title="NFL overtime: after a field goal, clock runs out on second team's possession" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12474" CreationDate="2015-11-19T22:25:10.630" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://quirkyresearch.blogspot.ch/2014/01/reader-mail-overtime.html&quot;&gt;this blogpost&lt;/a&gt;, it depends on whether the game is postseason or not. For the postseason, the game would continue for a second period of overtime with Team B in possession, but for the regular season the &lt;strong&gt;game would end 23-20 for Team A&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course a blog isn't always the most reliable source, but we can check this also in the rulebook: checking the link you sent regarding &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule16&quot;&gt;Rule 16&lt;/a&gt;, there are different articles for preseason/regular searon and for postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 4. OVERTIME IN PRESEASON AND REGULATION SEASON&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following shall apply to overtime games in the preseason and regular season.&#xA;      There shall be a maximum of one 15-minute period, even if the second team has not had an opportunity to possess the ball or if its&#xA;  initial possession has not ended. If the score is tied at the end of&#xA;  the period, the game shall result in a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only sensible interpretation of this is that in regular season Team A would win for your scenario. Team B cannot get the ball because there can only be one 15-minute period, and the game cannot be a tie because the score is not tied. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as Dr.DrfbagIII pointed out in a comment, this would be the place to point out explicitly any extraordinary rules why 23-20 would magically turn into 23-23, and in the absence of such a rule we can assume that Team A wins 23-20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 5. OVERTIME IN POSTSEASON&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following shall apply to&#xA;  overtime games in the postseason:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the score is tied at the end of a 15-minute overtime period, or if&#xA;  the second team’s initial possession has not ended, another overtime&#xA;  period will begin, and play will continue, regardless of how many&#xA;  15-minute periods are necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the phrase &quot;if the second team’s initial possession has not ended&quot;. This means that in postseason Team B would be given a chance to score too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the question of whether this has happened, I am not sure but would guess not. According to the same blog, there has only been one drive over 13 minutes in modern NFL history (13:27 by Tennessee Oilers vs Dallas in 1997). Given the relative rarity of overtime drives, and that the new overtime rules have only been used in the last couple of years, I guess that it hasn't yet occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T22:25:10.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3002" CreationDate="2015-11-20T07:37:51.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sounds like one of the many variations of Dodgeball most probably the &quot;Prisonball&quot; version even though it is difficult to tell form the rough description you gave.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10355" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T07:37:51.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-20T10:42:46.193" Score="2" ViewCount="2016" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately the great &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/TTW/TTWReview.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Prince Tripple Threat Warrior&lt;/a&gt; tennis racquet was discontinued in 2009, with no clear replacement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What tennis racquets available now on the market would be most similar in specs to this great classic, and would have a similar feel such that I could use it as a replacement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fmSVP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fmSVP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10356" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T14:38:46.423" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T14:38:46.423" Title="What racquet is most similar to TT Warrior?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12480" CreationDate="2015-11-20T13:21:12.530" Score="3" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was a sprinter who used to run 100, 200 metres races, but now I'm training myself to improve my stamina and run long distance races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I run on a treadmill 1 km everyday. Will a treadmill help me increase my stamina or do I have to choose an open field/road?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I have completed &lt;strong&gt;1 km&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;4:05&lt;/strong&gt; minutes, is it good enough if I'm preparing for a 10 km race? Half and full marathon is a distant dream as of now. Also, I want to run marathons as a personal achievement only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm open for any valuable suggestions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10357" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T13:34:31.473" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T13:34:31.473" Title="Sprinter but now want to take part in marathon" Tags="|training|running|marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-11-23T14:29:08.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12479" CreationDate="2015-11-20T15:05:49.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell, the trick to longer distance races is to train at those distances.  To run a 10 k race, work your way up to 8 or 9 k regularly before your race.  The same holds true for longer distance races.  To successfully run a half-marathon, train so that your training runs have increased to 15 to 18 k in month or so before the race.  When training for marathons, the longest training run is about 40 km.  That run takes place four to six weeks before the race.  Most training plans take into account the fact that most of us have jobs.  Distances are between 5 and 15 k during the week with the long run (working up to 40 k) on the weekend.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speed doesn't play a whole lot into it except in learning how to regulate it.  Consistency in pacing is more important. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being outside is great, but unless your race is hilly training on a treadmill is fine especially for the weekday runs.  Make use of the incline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really, really like Hal Higdon. Here's his beginner novice plan for a marathon.  You can see how the distances increase.  The plans for more advanced runners presume you are already running substantially longer distances.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.halhigdon.com/training/51137/Marathon-Novice-1-Training-Program&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.halhigdon.com/training/51137/Marathon-Novice-1-Training-Program&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And good luck.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T15:05:49.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12481" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-20T21:17:40.730" Score="2" ViewCount="1287" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen it being taught two different ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Lifting only left heel, but left foot stays on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Bending knees, and doing leg spring action, lifting your legs off the ground, propelling yourself up and into the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen pros and they seem to have feet in the air. Which way is correct? Have you seen anyone using #1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wondering if #1 is better suited for older players who don't want more strain on their lower legs/ankles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T14:50:13.483" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T14:50:13.483" Title="Should your feet be in the air when serving?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12483" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12503" CreationDate="2015-11-21T13:26:51.397" Score="5" ViewCount="880" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always wonder what football (club) managers write on their notepad while their team is playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In today's games we are presented with all sorts of statistics of both individual and team performances, so what kind of information they keep on scribbling and how does that help them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10348" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T12:25:31.777" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T12:25:31.777" Title="What managers write while their team is playing" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12492" CreationDate="2015-11-22T00:46:25.947" Score="3" ViewCount="11293" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can American football players play multiple positions? I know that in the one-platoon system, the players played both offence and defence. But in modern football can they play other positions than what they are assigned in the roster?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T19:21:01.083" Title="Can football players play multiple positions?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12481" CreationDate="2015-11-23T09:36:26.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.fiveseasonssportsclub.com/is-jump-serving-beneficial-to-your-tennis-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;More Here&quot;&gt;blog by a sports/leisure club&lt;/a&gt; gives some reasons for using a jump serve:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are several benefits of jump-serving versus performing a basic&#xA;  standing serve. Some of the key benefits are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a jump-serve, you're able to obtain a higher point of contact with the ball versus what you would get with a standing serve.&#xA;  This can often afford you a better angle on the ball. It can also&#xA;  produce greater downward momentum on the ball, as well as a stronger&#xA;  topspin. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When performed from a pinpoint stance (i.e., both feet close together), jump-serving can produce more velocity on the ball, since&#xA;  the feet essentially act as a single unit. The pinpoint stance allows&#xA;  the feet to push against the ground with more force, but you will need&#xA;  to employ a significant amount of body control, as your center of&#xA;  gravity experiences a wider range of motion versus a platform stance&#xA;  (feet spread slightly farther apart). When executed correctly,&#xA;  jump-serving from a pinpoint stance puts a significant amount of&#xA;  momentum behind the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The extra range of motion that is produced from adding a small jump to your serve is enough to help you achieve a more complete&#xA;  follow-through. This will produce a fuller action on the ball and keep&#xA;  you from &quot;punching&quot; your serves over the net. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jump-serving increases the explosiveness of your serve. First you &quot;load up&quot; by bending your knees before jumping up, and then you&#xA;  &quot;explode&quot; as your legs thrust upward, which when done correctly should&#xA;  help you to power into the ball on the jump.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T10:23:52.257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T10:23:52.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12481" CreationDate="2015-11-23T13:00:10.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would hesitate to deem any reasonable technique &quot;correct&quot; or &quot;incorrect.&quot; The methods of serving you have described are both equally valid; what works best for a particular player depends on their skill, experience, athleticism, and ultimately personal preference.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You've noted, and I agree, that most professional players' motions can be best described by option two (thrusting upward and off the ground into making contact with the ball).  As noted in the previous answer, they use this motion because it is the most effective. That said, this kind of service action is more complicated to achieve.  It requires coordinating your jump with tossing and contacting the ball, which takes practice. I would call this a &quot;traditional serve&quot; rather than a &quot;jump serve&quot; for reasons below&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first option is simpler, and easier to learn, since there are fewer moving parts. You don't have to worry about timing an extra element (i.e. the jump).  For this reason I have seen plenty of less experienced players using something similar to option one.  I would recommend someone who was just learning to play to start with a simple motion (i.e. no jump) and then work their way towards a full-fledged professional-style service action once they feel comfortable timing the simpler serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Note that what comes to my mind when I hear &quot;jump serve&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4r6B7l01C9s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;something more extreme like this&lt;/a&gt; -- yes this is actually the way &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Battistone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one professional tennis player&lt;/a&gt; serves.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T13:00:10.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12484" CreationDate="2015-11-23T13:45:58.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely they can.  Many players play multiple positions.  Most common is probably guys who play both Running Back and Wide Receiver(Example being &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/McClDe00.htm&quot;&gt;Dexter McCluster - Tennesee Titans)&lt;/a&gt;.  Granted I'm guessing you're probably looking more for guys who play on offense and defense in the same game or at least the same season.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One notable guy who has played both offense and defense is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VrabMi20.htm&quot;&gt;Mike Vrabel&lt;/a&gt; who was a career linebacker, but lined up on the offensive side of the ball multiple times, with a career 14 targets in the passing game, 10 receptions, all 10 going for Touchdowns.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multiple times have offensive linemen lined up as Full Backs or Tight Ends.  JJ Watt has caught multiple touchdown passes in his short career.  Now will we see a player line up on both sides of the ball on a consistent basis, game in and game out, probably  not too often.  It would probably lead to the player tiring out too quickly and not being as effective.  But yes, a player can play multiple positions in the same game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T13:51:20.607" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T13:51:20.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29040" CreationDate="2015-11-23T14:59:53.510" Score="8" ViewCount="1278" Body="&lt;p&gt;This year the NFL changed the way extra points work so that 2-point-conversion attempts are snapped from the 2 yard line as they always were, but extra points are now snapped from the 15. If a team lined up from the 2 yard line (maybe the told the officials they would be going for 2) and kicked an extra point, is there a penalty? What if they attempt a drop-kick after snapping the ball from the 2?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastActivityDate="2023-07-28T17:18:48.663" Title="Is there a penalty for kicking a PAT from the 2 yard line in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12494" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-23T15:05:43.053" Score="12" ViewCount="12412" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, special balls (&quot;K-Balls&quot;) are used for kicking plays. These balls are harder and slicker than the balls used during normal play. My understanding is that kickers don't really like using the k-balls because they are harder to kick. Is there a rule that governs when a k-ball is used and is there any way for a team to exploit those rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, could a team line up as if they were going to go for it on fourth down with the punter lined up in a wide-receiver position and then shift before the snap to normal punt formation without having the ball changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-02T14:55:15.277" LastActivityDate="2022-10-23T15:59:58.883" Title="Is there a rule for when K-Balls are used?" Tags="|rules|american-football|equipment|nfl|special-teams|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12484" CreationDate="2015-11-23T16:26:48.680" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is absolutely no rule against one player playing multiple positions. Most special teams players also have an offense or defense position. There are even players who play both offense &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; defense. A trick made famous by the Bears with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Perry_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;William Perry&lt;/a&gt; is to hand the ball off to a huge defensive lineman to pick up a half yard or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have even been players who played both offense and defense somewhat regularly. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deion_Sanders&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deion Sanders&lt;/a&gt; played both cornerback and wide receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="10370" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T17:44:37.827" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T17:44:37.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12493" CreationDate="2015-11-23T16:33:27.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no explicit penalty or foul in the books for this; that would be listed in Rule 9, section 1, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule-9.-scrimmage-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 11, section 3, states simply that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Try begins when the Referee sounds the whistle for play to start. The team that scored the touchdown shall put the ball in play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;anywhere on or between the inbound lines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;15 yards from the defensive team's goal line for a Try-kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;two yards from the defensive team’s goal line for a Try by pass or run&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 1: A team's choice is not final and is subject to change following a team timeout or accepted penalty&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 4: If the ball has been declared ready for play by the Referee, and the offensive team wants to change the location of the ball, they can do so by calling a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were to happen (that a team lined up on the 2 and then kicked the try), I assume the referees would simply prevent them from lining up to kick the ball.  If a drop-kick occurred, it would possibly count as a personal foul - unsportsmanlike conduct (Rule 12):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 3 - UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. PROHIBITED ACTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;There shall be no unsportsmanlike conduct. This applies to any act which is contrary to the generally understood principles of sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not specifically enumerated in the list of unsportsmanlike actions, although the list is not intended to be exhaustive.  I would surmise if this actually were to occur, it might be added to the list the next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternately, it's possible it would simply not count and they would lose the opportunity to re-try.  Personally, that feels like the better option: the rules don't allow for a kick from the 2, so if you want to kick from the two, feel free, you just give up your point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T16:33:27.743" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12494" CreationDate="2015-11-23T16:52:52.817" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There doesn't seem to be an explicit line in the rules for when to use them.  The only mention in the rulebook is in &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule-2.-the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 2 - SUPPLY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team will make 12 primary balls available for testing by the Referee two hours and 15 minutes prior to the starting time of the game to meet League requirements. The home team will also make 12 backup balls available for testing in all stadiums. In addition, the visitors, at their discretion, may bring 12 backup balls to be tested by the Referee for games held in outdoor stadiums. &lt;strong&gt;For all games, six new footballs, sealed in a special box and shipped by the manufacturer to the Referee, will be opened in the officials’ locker room two hours and 15 minutes prior to the starting time of the game. These balls are to be specially marked by the Referee and used exclusively for the kicking game.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team were to line up in punt formation, and had a K-ball, and then shifted to a non-punt formation (or ran a fake punt), that would be legal, as far as I know.  I don't know if they can line up in non-punt formation, then change to a punt formation; my guess would be the presence of the punter is what triggers the K-ball being used, but it's just a guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more interesting question is, whether a team who knows they intend to fake can request a non-K ball (and can do so without being obvious to the defense).  That isn't clear in the rulebook, though I wouldn't be surprised if it were covered in the official's supplements (which aren't available online, I don't think).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T16:50:12.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12498" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-23T21:14:18.907" Score="4" ViewCount="4644" Body="&lt;p&gt;A kicked ball hits the ground before a fair-catch signal is made. After the ball hits the ground the return man signals for teammates to stay away (hands waving below waist).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it legal for him to pick up and return the ball in collegiate rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, once the ball hits the ground are the fair-catch-related rules not applicable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10371" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-02-18T04:37:08.083" LastActivityDate="2020-02-18T04:37:08.083" Title="Fair catch after football hits the ground" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12498" CreationDate="2015-11-23T22:06:26.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not necessarily 100% clear in the rulebook, but it does seem that &quot;in the know&quot; folks think this is clear (albeit with the grain of salt that refs don't always enforce this consistently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the NCAA rulebook, Rule 6 (Kicks), Section 5 (Fair Catch):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No Advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. No Team B player shall carry a caught or recovered ball more than&#xA;    two steps in any direction after any Team B player gives a valid or invalid fair&#xA;    catch signal (A.R. 6-5-2-I-III).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Invalid fair catch signal is clarified up in Rule 2 (Definitions), Section 8 (Fair Catch):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Invalid Signal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. An invalid signal is any waving signal by a player of Team B:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;a. That does not meet the requirements of Article 2 (above); or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;b. That is given after a scrimmage kick is caught beyond the neutral zone, strikes the ground or touches another player beyond the neutral zone (A.R. 6-5-3-III-V); or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;c. That is given after a free kick is caught, strikes the ground or touches another player. [Exception: Rule 6-4-1-f]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the primary question is, &quot;Does waving the arms below the belt qualify as a &quot;waving signal&quot;?&quot;  The timing is irrelevant (as b. clarifies, invalid signals &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be made after the ball hits the ground or are caught, and are still considered invalid signals).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This detail isn't clarified in the rulebook, but it seems a reasonable interpretation that waving other players off is a &quot;waving signal&quot;, and in fact may well have been specifically considered by the rules committee given that terminology.  As such, it is a reasonable interpretation that this would be considered an &quot;invalid fair catch signal&quot;, which means the ball cannot be returned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is likely referring to &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/ncfnation/post/_/id/120928/northwestern-forces-five-turnovers-to-beat-wisconsin-in-wild-low-scoring-contest&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt; between Northwestern and Wisconsin on 11/21/2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mike Pereira (a former NFL VP of officiating) &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/MikePereira/status/668200992026984448&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;notes on twitter&lt;/a&gt;, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Those asking about the invalid fair catch signal Wisconsin, that is a correct call. The get-away signal is invalid by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absent a specific instruction in the referee's handbook, it's unlikely to be clarified further than that (unless the Big Ten chooses to clarify it further themselves, which they may or may not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T22:43:59.643" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T22:43:59.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12501" CreationDate="2015-11-24T00:49:33.203" Score="6" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your team is up by 5.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are 5 minutes remaining in the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is 4th down and goal-to-go from the opponent’s 40 yard line (you’ve&#xA;had a lot of penalties).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your punter can guarantee hang-time of 10 seconds, but his minimum distance is 41 yards beyond the line of scrimmage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your placekicker has been in the league for 20 years and&#xA;has never successfully kicked a field goal longer than 50 yards,&#xA;after having tried 100 times.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to provide room for your punter, you take a delay-of-game penalty in order to push the line of scrimmage back to the opponent’s 45.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question:  can the defense decline the penalty?&#xA;If yes, can you take another delay-of-game penalty?  What would cause you to ever snap the ball on time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10339" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-03T02:50:17.267" LastActivityDate="2020-01-03T02:50:17.267" Title="American football delay of game" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12500" CreationDate="2015-11-24T03:12:05.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 14 Section 6 Article 4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;When a 40/25-second penalty occurs prior to the snap, the defensive&#xA;  team  may decline a distance penalty, in which case the down is&#xA;  replayed from the previous spot.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 4  Section 7 Note 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Two successive delay penalties during the same down, is&#xA;  unsportsmanlike conduct [...]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 12 Section 3 Article 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;There shall be no unsportsmanlike conduct. This applies to any act&#xA;  which is contrary to the generally understood principles of&#xA;  sportsmanship. Such acts specifically include, among others: [...]  o.&#xA;  Two successive delay-of-game penalties during the same down. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For unsportsmanlike conduct (for (j) through (v)): Loss of 15&#xA;  yards from: a)the succeeding spot if the ball is dead [...]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10375" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-11-24T13:27:33.663" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T13:27:33.663" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7444" CreationDate="2015-11-24T04:11:14.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 14 Section 6 Article 4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;When a 40/25-second penalty occurs prior to the snap, the defensive&#xA;  team may decline a distance penalty, in which case the down is&#xA;  replayed from the previous spot.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 4 Section 7 Note 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Two successive delay penalties during the same down, is&#xA;  unsportsmanlike conduct [...]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 12 Section 3 Article 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;There shall be no unsportsmanlike conduct. This applies to any act&#xA;  which is contrary to the generally understood principles of&#xA;  sportsmanship. Such acts specifically include, among others: [...] o.&#xA;  Two successive delay-of-game penalties during the same down. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For unsportsmanlike conduct (for (j) through (v)): Loss of 15&#xA;  yards from: a)the succeeding spot if the ball is dead [...]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10375" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-11-24T13:33:04.153" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T13:33:04.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12483" CreationDate="2015-11-24T05:07:22.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Don_Biglia mentioned, there's no way of knowing what a manager writes on his notepad. But some intelligent guesswork would suggest he/she is keeping a note of certain points about the game. It could be anything from a list of things to say at half time to individual advice to be given to certain players. Of course for all we know he/she could just be doodling as well, probably a technique to keep oneself calm. Many managers do not write anything, leaving that job to one of his/her assistants. Basically, it's up to the individual manager to do what he/she wants during a match, as long as he/she stays within the technical area and does not engage in any unsportsmanlike behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T05:07:22.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12514" CreationDate="2015-11-24T08:17:10.520" Score="2" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is under contract, and is obviously the first choice player for the team, but is forced to play in reserves due to conflict with the management, what options does he have to get out of the situation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Few years back when Ferguson had made a statement saying Glazers were more likely to let Cristiano Ronaldo rot in reserves rather than be allowed to go to Madrid, there were some reports saying that it wasn't possible for the club to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from negotiating with the club or waiting for a very large transfer bid, what other options does a player have in case he ends up in such a situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T06:44:43.973" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T06:44:43.973" Title="What options does a player have if the club carries out the threat of 'Rot in reserves'?" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12509" CreationDate="2015-11-24T09:47:03.463" Score="3" ViewCount="4452" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever any batsman comes to the crease, he almost always taps his bat on the pitch. Is there any reason for them to do this? Maybe to make the bowler wait longer to try and put him off? Could there be any other reasons behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10377" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2019-08-25T13:38:05.860" LastActivityDate="2019-08-25T13:38:05.860" Title="Why do batsmen tap their bat on the pitch?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12505" CreationDate="2015-11-24T10:41:48.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsman generally would like to check the bounce the pitch has to offer. By tapping the pitch on the probable length the bowler would bowl, the batsman can anticipate the degree of bounce the bowler can produce with his deliveries. This is done many time in Test matches or during extremely long innings, as the pitch responsiveness can vary due to weather and/ or by the wearing out of the pitch.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10368" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T10:41:48.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12507" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12508" CreationDate="2015-11-24T11:01:33.797" Score="3" ViewCount="4156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied in the order given to determine their rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c. higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d. higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  e. if, after having applied criteria a) to d), teams still have an equal ranking, criteria a) to d) are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams in question to determine their final rankings. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria f) to l) apply;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  f. superior goal difference in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  g. higher number of goals scored in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  h. higher number of away goals scored in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  i. higher number of wins in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  j. higher number of away wins in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  k. lower disciplinary points total based only on yellow and red cards received in all group matches (red card = 3 points, yellow card = 1 point, expulsion for    two yellow cards in one match = 3 points);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  l. higher club coefficient (see Annex D).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see the point of rule &quot;e&quot;. For me &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;group matches played among the teams in question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is exactly the same as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;exclusively to the matches between the teams in question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesirenssong.com/2013/10/24/4948168/uefa-champions-league-tie-breaker-group-stages&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I'm not the only one confused by this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But then Uefa throws us a curveball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5) if, after having applied criteria a) to d), teams still have an&#xA;  equal ranking, criteria a) to d) are reapplied exclusively to the&#xA;  matches between the teams in question to determine their final&#xA;  rankings. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria f)&#xA;  to h) apply;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Say what now? Is that not what we just did? Applied those rules to the&#xA;  &quot;teams in question&quot;? I thought, perhaps, I'd read something wrong and&#xA;  Uefa meant all members of the specified group, rather than the three&#xA;  even on points. But that doesn't make sense either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone give an example of when rule &quot;e&quot; applies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1801" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-15T07:54:58.153" LastActivityDate="2017-09-15T07:54:58.153" Title="How teams are ranked if they are equal in points in UCL groups" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12507" CreationDate="2015-11-24T11:38:26.863" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's used when you started with three teams equal on points, but one (and only one) of the teams was ruled out via criteria (a) to (d). For simplicity, I'll go with a scenario where each team plays each other once only rather than twice. Imagine the results are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A beats B 2 - 0&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;A loses to C 1 - 2&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;A beats D 1 - 0&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;B beats C 3 - 0&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;B beats D 1 - 0&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;C beats D 1 - 0&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After this, A, B and C all have six points and D has zero points so we need to separate A, B and C:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(a): We consider the matches played between A, B and C. Each team has three points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(b): We consider the matches played between A, B and C. A and B have a goal difference of +1, C has a goal difference of -2. C is ranked lower than the other teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(c): &lt;em&gt;Note that we still consider the matches played between A, B and C. Nothing says to eliminate the matches involving team C&lt;/em&gt; (yet). A and B have both scored 3 goals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(d): (Skipping for this example because I don't have home and away matches)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt; apply criterion (e), which says to repeat steps (a) to (d) only on the matches involving teams A and B. A is declared the winner as they beat team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the A - C result had instead been 0 - 1, team B would have been the winner as they would have scored more goals in the matches involving teams A, B and C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T11:38:26.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12505" CreationDate="2015-11-24T11:50:26.107" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another reason batsmen will tap on the pitch is to compact the pitch a little where the ball has bounced erratically in the hope of settling it down and restoring more normal bounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They will also do it to repair arears where a mini divit has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-11-24T11:50:26.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12515" CreationDate="2015-11-25T02:21:11.333" Score="-5" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am specifically interested in how much stoppage time was added to each half of a football game, for the major leagues, usually the first division in each country. An example list can be found here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnfc.com.au/scores?date=20150809&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espnfc.com.au/scores?date=20150809&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, on that date, in the match between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnfc.com.au/commentary/421183/commentary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Salmohr and Bochum&lt;/a&gt; there was definitely stoppage time as a goal was scored at (90+1), but no where in the espn site can I find out exactly how much time was added in each half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10380" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T10:22:04.747" Title="Is there a place to get timing stats for historic games?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-11-27T14:13:58.937" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2015-11-25T11:51:46.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When I'm having strong headwinds during race/training I try to shorten the lengt of my steps and rais the frequency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Headwinds/uphill running/bends or U-turns in the running course/ though surface like sand or ice. --&gt; shorter steps in a higher frequenty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;tailwinds/downhil/ or other good circumstances for a fast pace, rais the length of your steps a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running in a pack is alway's better than alone, if possible...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a triathleet but when i was youger I did a lot of cross country running. I've been competing in the jonior national champion chips for cross country running a few time, and learn adapting your step length an freq. is very important... especially in this dicipline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10382" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T11:51:46.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12472" CreationDate="2015-11-26T04:00:15.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't foul a teammate, unless what you did actually led to some other fouls (e.g. pushing a teammate to trip an opponent). However if you start an argument/fight with your teammate, i.e. display &quot;unsporting behavior&quot;, then you both could be punished by the referee with admonitions, yellow cards or red cards. This will probably still not grant the opponent a free kick, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An infamous example: Kieron Dyer and Lee Bowyer punching each other in a PL game in 2005 and both getting sent off, despite them being on the same team: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7_ygd9k24w&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7_ygd9k24w&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T04:00:15.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12504" CreationDate="2015-11-26T04:32:49.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player can put in a transfer request. But the club is under no obligation to let him go. The player must either attempt to patch things up with the management or be resigned to sitting on the sidelines. In this situation, generally, a player good enough to be in the first team would like to have as much playing time as possible. A recent example would be Saido Berahino with West Bromwich Albion. He put in an official transfer request. But the club refused to let him go. They rejected all the transfer offers they recieved for Berahino. He plays for the club in the Barclays Premier League right now, but he is not a regular first team starter, generally coming on as a substitute. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T04:32:49.217" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12511" CreationDate="2015-11-26T10:22:04.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Detailed statistics like this are rarely available for free. You will have to apply to statistic keeping companies like Opta or Prozone and pay for whatever information you require.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T10:22:04.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12517" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-27T03:23:08.680" Score="2" ViewCount="706" Body="&lt;p&gt;Through many football season I have seen (Premier League), the manager has been usually removed by the club boss. But sometimes I have seen that the club board has been responsible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I want to know, who is normally authorized to sack the manager in an individual football team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10033" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2015-11-27T07:09:25.537" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T06:26:52.287" Title="Who has the authorization to remove a coach in Football?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12517" CreationDate="2015-11-27T04:22:30.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The decision to remove the manager is never done by just one person. A football club big enough to be in the Premier League will be run by a board of directors. So it will be the board's decision to sack the manager. Some clubs also include the major shareholders in such meetings as they are directly invested in the success of the club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T04:22:30.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5096" CreationDate="2015-11-27T11:28:58.893" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, football is more tiring PER MINUTE for a couple of reason:&#xA;-it requires a lot of non-physical effort such as observation and tactical analysis&#xA;-agility is crucial, and so that takes up more calories&#xA;-professional footballers have to wear additional protection gears like shin pads (compulsory), knee pads, face masks etc. which increases the weight they have to carry&#xA;-professionals have to play minimum 1 game a week (given no injuries/tactical changes) and does that for a good couple of months straight&#xA;-Kicking the ball in the form of dribbling, passing, shooting, headering (yes) takes up a lot more effort than purely running&#xA;-It's a physical contact sport, so taking on challenges as well as making them is quite tiring &#xA;-It's played in 90% of weather conditions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10392" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T11:28:58.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12517" CreationDate="2015-11-27T15:22:25.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is the same as for any other employment: the manager is an employee of the club, and the club can decide to relieve any employee of their duties at any time&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. Which specific people make that decision isn't something which is regulated by the football authorities - the manager is the person who is nominated by the club to be the manager of the team for that match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Employment law is of course more complicated than that, but that's the gist of it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T15:22:25.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5096" CreationDate="2015-11-27T16:23:49.790" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The amount of calories you need to burn to cover any given distance is the same regardless of whether you haul ass or you take a leisurely stroll (roughly 70-80 per km, depending on body weight). Properly, you burn more the slower you go, but that is because it takes longer and you have to spend extra calories on bodily functions not related to moving; but unless we are talking about time differences in the range of hours, the difference will be negligible. The extra weight of shin guards is also negligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, soccer is physically harder that running a given distance at a steady pace, because soccer involves things that put a greater strain in the body, e.g., many accelerations to short sprints, jumping, pushing and being pushed, occasionally being kicked in the legs, etc. Then you have to take into account that just running is not mentally demanding (when I run, I usually go thinking about random stuff and snap out of it when I need to cross a road or something like that), whereas playing high-level soccer requires intense focus over long periods of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T16:23:49.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-27T21:29:54.100" Score="1" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been learning how to skate around the back streets and on my brief commute to work over the past few months. I'm a 45yo 165cm 77kg man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been using a penny nickel and a penny 22 that I got when my 10yo son was briefly interested in skating up and Dow the street with his friends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For someone who has never skated, surfed or snowboarder I'm pretty happy that I can stop, carve(sort-of) and generally get around my local streets at a reasonable pace. I'm faster than my son on his micro scooter and I can carve from the top to the bottom of our street - it is a shallow incline but you can go pretty fast. I can't Ollie or slide. (Yet!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the suggestion of the guy at the lavas skate shop I got some hard (99) wheels to try sliding, but I don't think I adequately described the road surface. I quickly switched back to the penny wheels(84 I think).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm really enjoying skating as a way to get round and I want to get better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm liking the penny boards, but I have some misgivings: the 22 is light but probably too small - I find it easier to skate in blundstone boots because the sole is so large an rigid it effectively gives me a larger board. The Nickel is a nice size - but it is heavy to carry on public transport. I also feel safer on the nickel in wet conditions. (Around Ealing UK FWIW)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should I get a new board? If so what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not really constrained by price, but I can't be arsed building a board unless there is a &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; compelling reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any advice,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stephen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10394" LastEditorUserId="10394" LastEditDate="2015-11-27T21:37:18.360" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T18:46:04.220" Title="I want to improve as an older skater- I've started with Penny boards - what is the next stage?" Tags="|equipment|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-06-06T19:59:12.577" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12524" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-29T14:29:44.623" Score="4" ViewCount="786" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the Abu Dhabi GP and I keep seeing sparks coming out from behind the cars. Maybe it's more clear because it's in the evening and it's dark, but the commentator doesn't say anything indicating a problem with the car, and it doesn't happen all of the time so I can only assume it's something that is supposed to happen and is maybe related to KERS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, what is it that causes the sparks? And if it's not KERS, what is causing the sparks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T17:47:22.260" Title="Does KERS in F1 cars cause sparks?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3639" CreationDate="2015-11-29T15:29:31.073" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sometimes really happens that you completey feel lost with your angles and your aiming,and the only cure for this what I have felt in myself is that i skip few days, it really helps my self improve :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10397" LastActivityDate="2015-11-29T15:29:31.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12526" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12542" CreationDate="2015-11-29T18:28:34.030" Score="6" ViewCount="15639" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the &quot;regular&quot; season of NCAA football over, are the College Football Playoff standings locked, or are the outcomes of the various conference championship games considered when determining the final CFP standings? I'm specifically interested in regards to the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10398" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T16:16:39.727" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T22:27:56.043" Title="Does the outcome of conference championship games affect College Football Playoff standings?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12524" CreationDate="2015-11-30T02:26:28.730" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/32375705&quot;&gt;this BBC article&lt;/a&gt;, the sparks are caused by titanium skid plates on the underside of the car contacting the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastEditorUserId="10225" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T03:52:22.057" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T03:52:22.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12534" CreationDate="2015-11-30T03:54:35.460" Score="6" ViewCount="3271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in the following situation: a team in American football possesses the ball with less than a minute left in the first half of a game and is facing a long field to score.  Oftentimes, teams will have their quarterback take a knee here to effectively end the half.  This seems to be pretty common and it's commonly accepted as sound strategy, but I'm struggling to see how it is the most beneficial choice for the team.  You can sometimes see teams do this at the end of a tie game--&quot;playing it safe&quot; and taking their chances in overtime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my point of view, the only outcomes that matter from running an extra play or two are either A) Your team scores, or B) The other team scores --any other result is meaningless.  Do you teams really think that running a play (even a &quot;safe&quot; one like a run up the middle) will result in an opponent scoring more often than their own scoring probability?  If so, what makes this different than any other play; i.e., why run any offensive play at all at any point?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another consideration that I've surmised is that a team may be worried about having a possible injury.  That seems like a pretty small risk to me and you're just as likely to have an injury happen to the opposing team.  I know that these plays aren't usually a big deal, but what am I missing that makes this strategy so well-accepted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-11T16:21:24.197" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T16:21:24.197" Title="Why do teams take knee before halftime?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3002" CreationDate="2015-11-30T09:20:54.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sounds like a variant of Boccia, or at least a game being played using Boccia equipment on a Boccia field-of-play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bocciaengland.org.uk/boccia/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Boccia Rules (link)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple Boccia Rules (link)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10402" LastEditorUserId="10402" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T15:00:51.710" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T15:00:51.710" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12529" CreationDate="2015-11-30T14:02:01.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don’t think injury prevention is a consideration for taking a knee.  I think there are many factors involved, some of which are, the current score, the offensive team’s ball position, time left on the clock, and, the unwillingness to risk a defensive score on a last minute turnover.  There is no “safe” play per se.  Fumbles can, and typically do, happen when you least expect them.  And, there is something to say about &quot;momentum&quot;.  Not giving it to the defensive team, especially with a close scoring game, is a typical goal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That’s not to say that taking a knee is a standard practice.  Some coaches will offset the risk by throwing deep down field understanding that if the ball is intercepted, the chances of a defensive score are small with the distance needed to score.  But, in the end, why take the chance when you can take a knee and re-group in the locker room during half time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T14:02:01.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12533" CreationDate="2015-11-30T17:42:34.510" Score="3" ViewCount="1416" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2015112911/2015/REG12/patriots@broncos#menu=gameinfo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Patriots-Broncos game on November 29, 2015&lt;/a&gt;, Brock Osweiler had his hand hit as he was passing the ball, causing it to pop up and end up in the direction of the linemen. Could an offensive lineman legally catch the ball? The ball was not touched by the person who hit the hand of the QB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T22:19:25.763" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T22:19:25.763" Title="Can an ineligible receiver catch a ball thrown by a quarterback whose hand was hit while throwing?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12532" CreationDate="2015-11-30T19:47:53.263" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key to what you’re asking is your statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball was not touched by the person who hit the hand of the QB&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you frame that in the context of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/11_Rule8_ForwardPass_BackPass_Fumble.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;eligible receivers rule&lt;/a&gt; you'll see…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ELIGIBLE RECEIVERS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 5 Eligible Receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following players are eligible to catch a forward pass that is&#xA;  thrown from behind the line of scrimmage.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Defensive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Offensive players who are on either end of the line, provided&#xA;  they either have the numbers of eligible players (1-49 and 80-89) or&#xA;  have legally reported to play a position on the end of the line. See&#xA;  5-1-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) Offensive players who are legally at least one yard&#xA;  behind the line at the snap, provided they either have the numbers of&#xA;  eligible players (1-49 and 80-89) or have legally reported to play a&#xA;  position in the backfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) All other offensive players after the ball has been touched by&#xA;  any defensive player or any eligible offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key to your question is 5d.  Since the defender &lt;strong&gt;did not&lt;/strong&gt; touch the ball, the O-lineman is not eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastEditorUserId="6336" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T20:36:28.350" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T20:36:28.350" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12529" CreationDate="2015-11-30T22:34:58.877" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard enough to score in American football when you have half an hour to score in.  Trying to score when you have 0:30 left in the game?  Nearly impossible, if you're on your side of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fundamental problem here is that the defense &lt;em&gt;knows&lt;/em&gt; what's going on.  They know you have 0:30 left, and need to get to the 30 yard line or so in order to kick a FG.  If you're, say, on your own 30 - then you have 40 yards to go.  So the defense just needs to make sure you don't get to the 30, but is perfectly okay with you getting ten or twenty yards - as long as you don't get those 40.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you're left with the problem, particularly if you are out of time outs, of quickly getting those yards.  You're going to run the ball?  Might work, and some teams do.  HB Screen pass actually is a bit better - lets you get the WRs downfield to clear out the safeties from the box.  Or HB draw.  That's better, except &lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/the-triangle/thank-you-for-not-coaching-week-3/&quot;&gt;when it's mercilessly mocked of course&lt;/a&gt;.  And it doesn't tend to work - maybe Adrian Peterson might knock in an 70 yard run, but more running plays end in fumbles than in 70 yard runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=1&amp;amp;quarter=2&amp;amp;quarter=3&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;quarter=5&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=15&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=RUSH&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=1&amp;amp;turnover_type=fumble&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=&amp;amp;margin_max=&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;68 fumbles lost&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=1&amp;amp;quarter=2&amp;amp;quarter=3&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;quarter=5&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=15&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=RUSH&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=&amp;amp;margin_max=&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;9221 rushing plays&lt;/a&gt; so far in 2015.  3/4 of a percent of plays involve a fumble lost.  This doesn't count plays that are aborted, either, i.e. fumbled snaps.  On the other hand, there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=1&amp;amp;quarter=2&amp;amp;quarter=3&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;quarter=5&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=15&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=50&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=RUSH&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;turnover_type=interception&amp;amp;turnover_type=fumble&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=&amp;amp;margin_max=&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;23 rushing plays yielding 50 yards or more&lt;/a&gt; so far this year.  40 yards is a bit more, but still well under 68 - 43 plays total.  And that includes many situations where the defense is playing more of a press defense - something they would never do with 0:30 left to go in the half.  All that, and a rushing play that didn't go out of bounds would have to either score or leave enough time on the clock for a FG, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, so we're not going to run - we're going to pass, right?  Except, that's &lt;em&gt;far&lt;/em&gt; worse.  Rushing, odds are nothing happens.  No fumble, no points, just a few wasted plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Passing&lt;/em&gt;, though, you have a &lt;em&gt;big&lt;/em&gt; risk.  When the defense &lt;em&gt;knows&lt;/em&gt; you're going to pass, or at least is okay mostly ignoring the run because they can still play such that the RB gets 10-15 yards but no more, you have a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; more interceptions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=2&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=1&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=50&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=PASS&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=-8&amp;amp;margin_max=-1&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;202 of these plays&lt;/a&gt; have been run in 2015 with 2:00 in the 4th or less remaining, down by a TD or less (but down), and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=2&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=1&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=50&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=PASS&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;turnover_type=interception&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=-8&amp;amp;margin_max=-1&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;10 of them&lt;/a&gt; resulted in picks.  5% of plays like this result in picks.  While most of those aren't pick sixes, that's often because a game-ending pick is brought out of bounds or just downed to avoid the risk of a fumble by the DB who picked it off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=2&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=1&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=50&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=PASS&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;is_scoring=1&amp;amp;score_type=touchdown&amp;amp;score_type=field_goal&amp;amp;score_type=safety&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=-8&amp;amp;margin_max=-1&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;only one was successful&lt;/a&gt; - Jameis Winston vs. the Giants - at scoring a TD, and ... oh, wait, no, that one wasn't successful either - the other team scored on a fumbled lateral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=summary_all&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;playoff_round=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;quarter=4&amp;amp;tr_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;minutes=2&amp;amp;seconds=00&amp;amp;down=0&amp;amp;down=1&amp;amp;down=2&amp;amp;down=3&amp;amp;down=4&amp;amp;yds_to_go_min=&amp;amp;yds_to_go_max=&amp;amp;yg_gtlt=gt&amp;amp;yards=50&amp;amp;is_first_down=-1&amp;amp;field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_min=1&amp;amp;field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;field_pos_max=50&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_min=&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max_field=team&amp;amp;end_field_pos_max=&amp;amp;type=PASS&amp;amp;is_complete=-1&amp;amp;is_turnover=-1&amp;amp;is_scoring=-1&amp;amp;is_sack=-1&amp;amp;include_kneels=-1&amp;amp;no_play=0&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;margin_min=-8&amp;amp;margin_max=-1&amp;amp;order_by=yards&amp;amp;rush_direction=LE&amp;amp;rush_direction=LT&amp;amp;rush_direction=LG&amp;amp;rush_direction=M&amp;amp;rush_direction=RG&amp;amp;rush_direction=RT&amp;amp;rush_direction=RE&amp;amp;pass_location=SL&amp;amp;pass_location=SM&amp;amp;pass_location=SR&amp;amp;pass_location=DL&amp;amp;pass_location=DM&amp;amp;pass_location=DR&quot;&gt;Zero plays&lt;/a&gt; in that situation have been successful this year: because defenses &lt;em&gt;know&lt;/em&gt; how to prevent them.  Some probably have yielded a FG eventually - but it's not common, and it's much more likely to lose the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zone defenses are the main reason for this.  Defense knows you have to pass the ball 20-30 yards, right?  So they sit back far off the line, facing the QB, and everyone reads the QB's eyes.  That makes it &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; easier to pick the ball off (rather than just running alongside the WR and trying to keep up with him).  Zone prevent defenses are terrible at keeping offenses from advancing the ball 10-20 yards - and in a longer situation, 2:00 drill, they're actually pretty bad defenses.  But with 0:30 left?  Quite effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - what's your call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Of course, as Bill Barnwell loved to point out, coaches still &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; run these plays... especially the basically pointless HB draws...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, I think that the injury bit &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; relevant, though I suspect it's only because the odds of scoring are so low already.  NFL teams have injury risks on every play, so it doesn't really make sense to try a play when you don't need to AND it won't give you a benefit.  I think it would be hard to prove that coaches use this reason for kneel downs without asking them; but Bill Barnwell in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/the-triangle/thank-you-for-not-coaching-week-3/&quot;&gt;many Thank You For Not Coaching articles since 2013&lt;/a&gt; certainly thinks it's relevant, and if he does, that's good enough for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T22:40:42.223" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T22:40:42.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4246" CreationDate="2015-12-01T01:39:25.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possibly the most extreme system comes from Chess, and the McMahon competition format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea behind big drops in those instances are to ensure that competitors are, as often as possible, meeting evenly matched competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often large adjustments in seeding, ranking and match-pairing are made in team sports, I cannot say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10402" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T01:39:25.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3152" CreationDate="2015-12-01T01:45:32.633" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's also broadly true in the UK, where the various sports have coaching schemes which all attempt to adhere to the same definition of level, to describe how advanced a coach you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Level 1 teaching introductory material, to Level 5, being a Master coach, able to train competitors at the highest level of their sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This has some anomalies - Aikido is non-competitive, so they cap their system at Level 3.  Fencing is very technical, so they split the coaching scheme into one per discipline - you can be a Level 5 Foil coach without any qualification in Sabre.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This allows local government  bodies and government agencies to deal with sports on a consistent basis.  &quot;Yes you may hire the hall as long as there is at least a Level 1 coach for every x children.&quot;  &quot;You may attend this training course if you are a Level 3 coach or above.&quot;  &quot;We offer grants for coaches  to train for their Level 4 qualification.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10402" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T01:45:32.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12541" CreationDate="2015-12-01T06:01:40.030" Score="7" ViewCount="3727" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL overtime rules state that a touchdown by either team wins the game (field goals and esoteric scoring methods are irrelevant to this question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During Sunday Night Football on November 29, 2015, the Patriots lost to the Broncos in overtime when a Bronco scored a touchdown. This ended the game, 30-24.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During Monday Night Football on the next day, November 30, 2015, the Browns lost to the Ravens 33-27. The Browns lined up with seconds left to go in the fourth quarter and the score tied at 27. They were trying to hit a game-winning field goal as time expired. Instead, the field goal was blocked. The ball was in bounds and live, allowing a Raven to pick up the ball and run it back for a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The clock was at zero by the time the ball was picked up, let alone run back. Coaches came onto the field, shook hands, everyone treated it like game over &lt;em&gt;except&lt;/em&gt; for the referees. They made the Ravens attempt a PAT (or two-point conversion) due to the touchdown. The Ravens sent out their offense, assumed victory formation, and the QB took a knee to end the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both situations there is no possible outcome of the PAT that would alter the final outcome of the game. Why is it required for a game-winning touchdown as time expires in regulation, but not in overtime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting in 2015 an NFL defense can block a PAT and return it for a two-point safety (same as NCAA now), but that would not materially affect the outcome of this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7692" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T11:56:33.647" Title="Why is a PAT required after a game-winning TD at the end of regulation, but not OT?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12529" CreationDate="2015-12-01T14:45:20.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading Joe's and rrirower's answers and having some time to think about, I'm now comfortable with an answer to the crux of my question which is:  if running a play here is a net negative, why run any offensive play ever?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between this situation and a normal drive with ample time remaining is that in the kneel-down situation where you &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; run one more (or two or three) play, the defense actually might have a better chance of scoring than your team...with an entire drive, your chance of scoring is higher than the defense's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's counter-intuitive at first (at least to me), so here's some &lt;em&gt;completely made up&lt;/em&gt; numbers to illustrate the principle.  Say you have the ball at your own 20 yard line with a few seconds left and you want to run a play.  Your odds of scoring might be 0.5% while the defense has a 1.0% chance--the upper hand goes to the defense.  The difference with a drive where you have time for more plays is that in the 98.5% of the time where &lt;strong&gt;nobody&lt;/strong&gt; scores, you are hopefully advancing the ball a little further.  Each subsequent play garners little chance of a score for either team, but you increasingly improve your odds of scoring while decreasing the other team's odds of scoring as you advance the ball.  By the time you make it to the other team's 20 yard line, your chances of scoring on a given play might be 12% (again, completely made up) while the defense now has a 0.25% chance.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like I said, those numbers aren't real, but the principle stands that in being able to put together a drive, you continually increase your odds of scoring compared to the other team.  There exists an inflection point somewhere on the field where anything before it is a net negative for &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; play (as illustrated by Joe).  So a single play would not be a good idea.  But a drive has a sort of cumulative effect wherein the plays taken as a whole are more often a net positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T14:45:20.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12539" CreationDate="2015-12-01T15:24:39.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A better question would be, why is an extra point &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; required in Overtime.  That answer is in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule-16.-overtime-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, 16-1-3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Both teams must have the opportunity to possess the ball once during the extra period, unless the team that receives the opening kickoff scores a touchdown on its initial possession, in which case it is the winner, or if the team kicking off to start the overtime period scores a safety on the receiving team’s initial possession, in which case the team that kicked off is the winner. &lt;em&gt;If a touchdown is scored, the game is over, and the Try is not attempted&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond that exception, there is no other exception to the try being required.  While it might seem silly, it is nonetheless part of the rules that a try be attempted.  Note that while in the particular game at hand, no difference in the outcome was possible, any game with a one or two point difference could still be tied or won by either team if the defense returns the try for a score, or scores a safety.  As such, it's appropriate to require the try of the offense in some cases - and the rules don't tend to be worded with things like &quot;Unless it doesn't matter, you have to ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also direct you to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;following page listing the NFL tiebreakers&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TO BREAK A TIE WITHIN A DIVISION&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;If, at the end of the regular season, two or more clubs in the same division finish with identical won-lost-tied percentages, the following steps will be taken until a champion is determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Two Clubs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strength of victory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strength of schedule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best net points in common games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best net points in all games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Best net touchdowns in all games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coin toss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that net points is a factor - although one nearly never relevant, it's still possible for it to matter.  As such, allowing the offense to score a point they're entitled to seems reasonable to me.  (Of course, the offense is welcome to kneel down as Baltimore did - particularly when they are far out of playoff contention.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6117" LastEditDate="2015-12-09T20:43:00.937" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T20:43:00.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12526" CreationDate="2015-12-01T22:04:59.440" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the final College Football Playoff standings take in account conference championship games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://collegefootballplayoff.com/sports/2016/10/24/selection-committee-protocol.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;College Football Playoff Selection Committee Protocol&lt;/a&gt; places an emphasis on conference championships won. A non-champion may be selected in the case that that team is &quot;unequivocally one of the four best teams in the country&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, in the first year of the CFP rankings, Ohio State moved from #5 in the rankings (in Week 15) to #4 in the rankings after beating Wisconsin in the Big Ten championship game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastEditorUserId="10225" LastEditDate="2018-12-07T22:27:56.043" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T22:27:56.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1508" CreationDate="2015-12-02T19:45:50.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my understanding of a &quot;false 9&quot;, a team who starts their game with 4:3:2:1 could play with this strategy provided when they will turn with 4:3:3. An attacking midfielder will make a constant disturbance into opposition's backline (the last 6 to 10 yards of opponent's half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10412" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-02T21:25:06.617" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T21:25:06.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12549" CreationDate="2015-12-03T10:58:16.340" Score="8" ViewCount="1423" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume the following situation: In a high-class (high enough for a video challenge system being in place) volleyball game an attack hit goes out of bounds and the referee assigns the point to the defending team. However, the attacking team thinks they have seen the block touching the ball and call a video challenge. When reviewing the video replay, the referee does not find a ball touch by the block, but it shows a touch of the net by one of the blocking players, so it would indeed be a point for the attacking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is now, what are the rules of such a challenge? Must the challenging team specify which type of fault they want to have reviewed (such as &quot;block touched the ball&quot;) or is it enough to just challenge based on &quot;during this action, we think that the situation was different from what the referee decided&quot; and then just the whole situation is reviewed in the video material? And if the former is the case, is the referee obliged to give the challenge to the challenging team if they cannot confirm the reason for the challenge but finds a different fault that would change the original decision – such as the net violation in my example situation above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional clarification:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Since the video challenge is obviously not part of the official FIVB rules, let's restrict this question to international tournaments directly organized by the FIVB, i.e. World Cups and World League/World Grand Prix competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10216" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:10:39.250" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:10:39.250" Title="In a video challenge in volleyball, does the challenging team have to specify the challenged fault?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12550" CreationDate="2015-12-03T18:08:14.387" Score="3" ViewCount="2816" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2015, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=786374&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL Board of Governors approved having overtime periods played in a 3-on-3 format&lt;/a&gt; (as opposed to 5-on-5 during regulation), which has led to a noticeable &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=786374&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;scoring boost&lt;/a&gt; (due to the increase of shots and shooting percentage). Furthermore, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/nhl-all-star-game-scraps-format--is-now-3-on-3-divisional-tournament-025040619.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL All-Star game was reformatted into a series of 3-on-3 &quot;mini games.&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does a team's strategy differ playing 3-on-3 rather than 5-on-5?&lt;/strong&gt; There is an increase in scoring, but the goalie has to adjust to more shots being taken, there isn't much of an opportunity to create traffic in front of the net, and with less players, their endurance becomes more of a factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T22:38:22.143" Title="How does a ice-hockey team's strategy differ playing 3-on-3 rather than 5-on-5?" Tags="|ice-hockey|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12547" CreationDate="2015-12-03T19:53:04.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For FIVB-conformant matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team has to specify the error to verify. If the error has not occured the team loses the challenge. This is also the case if another arbitrary error occurs, i.e., &lt;strong&gt;only the error specified by the team is checked.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has already lead to such funny situations as you described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a list of verifiable errors &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=40897&amp;amp;Language=en#.VmCrp3a3M0M&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, along with a more detailed description of the video challenge rules.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Unfortunately, it lacks information answering your actual question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I haven't found any resource backing up my statement. Sorry.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Anyway, I am sure because I've eye-witnessed that all (including the &quot;funny&quot; situation) while watching a FIVB match, that is, on international level.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" LastEditorUserId="10049" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T18:46:48.500" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T18:46:48.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12548" CreationDate="2015-12-03T22:38:22.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;3 on 3 is still fairly new to the NHL, so I would imagine strategy is still well in development - teams have played tens of minutes at most of 3 on 3 outside of practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, from the rest of the world, 3 on 3 is fairly common in lower level games, and some of the strategy there clearly makes it to the NHL game.  Most of the differences arise from the larger spaces on the ice, and higher relevance of each individual player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Triangle formation on defense: This is the same as the 5 on 3 defense, really.  One guy between each faceoff circle and the goal, and then the third 'point' around mid-ice in your zone.  Cuts off passing lanes very effectively.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Triangle formation on &lt;em&gt;offense&lt;/em&gt;: Basically the same as the defense's triangle.  One guy back, two guys forward.  When a shot happens, whomever is on the opposite side needs to crash the net hard when that occurs to get the rebound.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One defender and two forwards: This is somewhat of a result of the triangle formation, but it's a good general approach even if you use a different formation.  One player needs to play closer to the blue line, behind any of the defending team's players, to avoid breakaways.  Breakaways will happen &lt;em&gt;constantly&lt;/em&gt; in 3 on 3, so that player needs to be fast - and maybe not a &quot;D&quot; man (someone like Jonathan Toews for example is a great choice - fast, hard skater, big presence to prevent breakaways).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forechecking can be even more important.  When there are only three defenders, taking one of them out during the rush can be critical - even a few seconds of 3 on 2 can give you a score.  It also can be critical to prevent breakaways.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Frequent line changes are a must, and getting &lt;em&gt;clean&lt;/em&gt; changes off.  This keeps your players fresh, and avoids bad breakaways.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are a combination of my limited experience watching 3 on 3 NHL hockey, and reading some articles on amateur 3 on 3 strategies.  Some of those don't apply to the NHL (smaller ice, for example, is of course off the table), but there is interesting information there nonetheless.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.schoolyardpuck.com/2011/08/3-on-3-hockey-strategies.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; is the one I most used to source this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T22:38:22.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12552" CreationDate="2015-12-03T22:51:49.090" Score="18" ViewCount="14447" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a football player A fouls player B in a manner such that they will receive a yellow card, but the referee plays the advantage rule, and subsequently player A fouls another player, can the referee give him two yellow cards, and hence a red card, one for each foul, or does player A get only the one yellow? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9654" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T10:17:44.360" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T08:45:32.090" Title="Can a player receive two yellow cards if advantage is played?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12551" CreationDate="2015-12-04T04:03:51.283" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. If both the offences deserve a yellow card each, the referee is obligated to show the player two yellows (and hence a red card). The referee must indicate that the first yellow is for the first offence and the subsequent yellow for the second offence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the second offence, the referee must stop play immediately &lt;em&gt;unless&lt;/em&gt; there is a clear goal scoring opportunity. Advantage may not be played on sending-off offences unless a clear goal scoring opportunity is present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/16&lt;/a&gt; page 73&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-12-08T23:34:09.637" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T23:34:09.637" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12560" CreationDate="2015-12-05T02:21:04.063" Score="2" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a referee isn't sure about a goal, the teams are arguing, and there is no goal-line technology, what should the referee do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T00:45:03.970" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T00:45:03.970" Title="Soccer Goal Uncertanty by Referee" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12557" CreationDate="2015-12-05T11:38:56.400" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the referee feels he did not have a clear view of the ball, he can refer to the assistant referee, who will give him his opinion in whether it is a goal or not. The referee does not have to go by the advice given to him by his assistant, but generally does so. Once he has given his decision, if the players are still arguing beyond reason, he may book them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA has introduced two additional referees into the game, in their tournaments (Champions League, Europa League, EURO, etc), to assist in these kinds of decisions. These additional referees are positioned behind the goal line, beside each goal. Again, the main referee is under no obligation to give the same decision advised to him by the additional referee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision made by the main referee in this regard is final and binding upon the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/16&lt;/a&gt;, page 61 onwards, &lt;code&gt;Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2015-12-05T11:38:56.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1614" CreationDate="2015-12-05T15:29:18.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in use (more than in development), you should give a try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rankade&lt;/a&gt;, our ranking system. Rankade is free and easy to use, it can manage small to large playing groups, it handles late arrivals, and it features rankings, stats, belts, and more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/dojo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; are some examples for table tennis (and foosball, and more) public group. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastEditorUserId="10203" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T05:51:12.003" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T05:51:12.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12557" CreationDate="2015-12-06T02:36:46.010" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are assistant referees appointed for the match, the referee will receive help from them to ease any uncertainty. Whenever a shot is taken, the assistant referee should follow the ball all the way to the goal line (as it becomes the offside line when it moves beyond the second last defender). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is fumble, or slowly moving ball, this will enable them to see if the ball has crossed the line most of the time. This is highlighted on p. 88 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The assistant referees must be in line with the second-last opponent &lt;strong&gt;or the ball if it is nearer the goal line than the second-last opponent&lt;/strong&gt;. The assistant referees must always face the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The signals for relaying this information to the referee are provided on p. 93 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Goal – no goal” situations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a goal has been scored and there is no doubt about the decision, the&#xA;  referee and assistant referee must make eye contact and the assistant referee&#xA;  must then run quickly 25-30 metres along the touch line towards the halfway&#xA;  line without raising his flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a goal has been scored but the ball appears still to be in play, the&#xA;  assistant referee must first raise his flag to attract the referee’s attention then continue with the normal goal procedure of running quickly 25-30 metres along the touch line towards the halfway line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On occasions when the whole of the ball does not cross the goal line and play continues as normal because a goal has not been scored, the referee must&#xA;  make eye contact with the assistant referee and if necessary give a discreet&#xA;  hand signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some elite matches without goal-line technology (such as UEFA competitions), additional assistant referees (who are positioned slightly behind the goal line) will also help the referee make goal/no goal decisions. The relevant information is on p. 85 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The additional assistant referees’ position is behind the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The additional assistant referee must communicate to the referee when a goal has been scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The additional assistant referees will use a radio communication system only and not flags to communicate decisions to the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of a breakdown of the radio communication system, the additional assistant referees will use an electronic signal beep flagstick to indicate their decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee has no help from assistant referees (either by virtue of them not being appointed, or by the fact they are too far from the goal line to offer advice), and the referee cannot decide that the ball has crossed the goal line, the decision is then that the ball has not crossed the line and play continues. This decision is indisputable, as highlighted on p. 26 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, &lt;strong&gt;including whether or not a goal is scored&lt;/strong&gt; and the result of the match, are final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee or the fourth official, provided that he has not restarted play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players politely and calmly appealing for decisions is an accepted part of the game - however, protesting decisions once they have been made is not (in spite of what you may see at the elite levels of the game). The referee should simply say 'no' and move on. If players continue to appeal, argue, or remonstrate beyond this point, they are then protesting and have crossed the line to dissent. This is highlighted on p. 126 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who is guilty of dissent by protesting (verbally or non-verbally) against a referee’s decision must be cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will most certainly be the attacking team protesting here. Since the defending team will most likely be under pressure near their own goal, advantage should not be played if the referee needs to take action against dissenters. Play is stopped, any player(s) guilty of dissent is/are cautioned, and play is restarted with an indirect free kick taken by the defending team from wherever any dissent was being delivered from. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If multiple players are committing dissent, the restart is taken from the position of whichever one is closest to their own goal line (this could even be the opposing goalkeeper, which would see the ball moved ninety metres down the other end of the field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is demonstrated on p. 38 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of&#xA;  the referee, a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which&#xA;  play is stopped to caution or send off a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred&#xA;  (see Law 13 – Position of free kick).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The principle of awarding a restart from the most advantageous field position (by playing a silent advantage) is enshrined in this piece of unrelated advice on p. 120 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a defender starts holding an attacker outside the penalty area and continues holding him inside the penalty area, the referee must award a penalty kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2015-12-06T21:00:33.293" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T21:00:33.293" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12561" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12586" CreationDate="2015-12-06T08:14:05.393" Score="5" ViewCount="3676" Body="&lt;p&gt;If does it exists, how is regulated the invasion of lane in swimming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is allowed to &quot;invade&quot; the next lane during the stroke under water?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T18:16:34.233" Title="Invasion of lane in swimming" Tags="|rules|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12568" CreationDate="2015-12-06T14:06:23.563" Score="12" ViewCount="39656" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the six yard box in soccer for?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does it serve any purpose at all? and if not, why is it even here in the first place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-26T23:30:51.157" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T23:30:51.157" Title="What is the six yard box (goal box) for in soccer?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12650" CreationDate="2015-12-06T18:15:20.867" Score="14" ViewCount="8912" Body="&lt;p&gt;If during a kick-off, for example at the beginning of a half or after a score, the kicker totally misses the ball when he goes to kick, what happens? Would it be a penalty for delay of game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10426" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-06T20:37:33.630" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T01:55:05.700" Title="What happens if an NFL kicker totally misses the ball on a kickoff?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12566" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-06T19:08:30.260" Score="8" ViewCount="3482" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I was going to teach someone to pitch I would want to teach them to pitch both sidearm and overhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the combination of the two styles would help to confuse batters because they would not know where the pitch was coming from. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't this be a more effective way of pitching if you had the ability to throw both ways well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10427" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T00:36:14.227" Title="Why don't pitchers throw a combination of overhand and sidearm?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12563" CreationDate="2015-12-06T21:32:19.977" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal area - colloquially known as the six yard box - serves a number of purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its primary purpose is to designate the location from which goal kicks are to be taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 51 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal kick is a method of restarting play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player of the&#xA;  defending team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also serves a number of other purposes. It limits how close to the opponents' goal an indirect free kick may be taken from. On p. 42 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indirect free kick to the attacking team:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;an indirect free kick awarded inside the goal area must be taken on the&#xA;  goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the&#xA;  infringement occurred&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also limits how close to goal a dropped ball is taken from. On p. 32 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Definition of dropped ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A dropped ball is a method of restarting play when, while the ball is still in play, the referee is required to stop play temporarily for any reason not mentioned elsewhere in the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when play was&#xA;  stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the&#xA;  referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if the defending team is awarded a free kick (either direct or indirect) in their goal area, they may take it from any point in the goal area. On p. 42 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Direct or indirect free kick to the defending team:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a free kick awarded in the goal area may be taken from any point inside&#xA;  that area&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, the goalkeeper could be charged when holding the ball, as long as they had passed outside their goal area. However, since &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-laws/1990-2000.html&quot;&gt;the great rewrite of the Laws of the Game that occurred in 1997&lt;/a&gt;, this is no longer the case. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.miredespa.com/Other/Football/FIFA/law12.html&quot;&gt;Law 12 of the 1993 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player committing any of the five following offenses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;charging the goalkeeper except when he&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) is holding the ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) is obstructing an opponent;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) has passed outside his goal-area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;shall be penalized by the award of an IFK to be taken by the opposing side from the place where the infringement occurred, subject to the overriding conditions imposed in Law 13. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T21:32:19.977" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12569" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-06T22:05:19.097" Score="11" ViewCount="33383" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the title owner rejects to fight anymore or announces that he/she is retired? Is a new belt made? Should he/she return it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T13:30:34.973" LastActivityDate="2024-02-02T04:57:10.500" Title="What happens when a boxer/fighter/wrestler retires while holding a title?" Tags="|boxing|pro-wrestling|mma|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12576" CreationDate="2015-12-06T23:37:05.513" Score="4" ViewCount="11461" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL&lt;/a&gt; football, team captains now wear a &quot;C&quot; on their jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the &quot;C&quot;, there are stars.  Some players have white stars, while others have gold ones.  Others have a mix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the significance of the stars?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10112" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T08:41:21.550" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T20:50:35.337" Title="Captain stars on NFL football jerseys" Tags="|american-football|nfl|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12571" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-07T01:39:48.947" Score="10" ViewCount="6085" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several aspects I don't understand about teams who build engines for their competitors. Take for example Mercedes AMG who build engines for other teams like Sahara Force India, Williams Martini Racing and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the engine is optimised for the remainder of the vehicle, wouldn't this mean that only Mercedes AMG has the optimal chance to get the best configuration? In other words, wouldn't the team building the engine clearly favour and have the best relationship with their own F1 team?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Could they not put secret features in the engines which make them perform worse for the other teams? For instance, take advantage of a different chassis and make it perform worse in that case? I'm not saying this is what they should do, but rather, is there anything in place to prevent this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10431" LastEditorUserId="339" LastEditDate="2015-12-08T13:28:42.963" LastActivityDate="2020-03-10T18:24:24.623" Title="How can F1 teams be competitive if they produce engines for each other?" Tags="|formula-1|road-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12573" CreationDate="2015-12-07T09:04:34.350" Score="13" ViewCount="2305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen a video where the goalkeeper have tampered the pitch so that the striker slips while attempting the penalty strike. (I don't recall the game, but it's from the German leagues).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tampering is done when the team was arguing with the referee over the foul and when the referee was awarding the penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker slipped, and missed the goal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is this considered legal (the act of the goalkeeper)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T21:35:20.370" Title="Is pitch tampering legal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12572" CreationDate="2015-12-07T09:21:34.450" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is unsporting behaviour and should be cautioned. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;2015-2016 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player makes unauthorised marks on the field of play with his foot, he&#xA;  must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T09:21:34.450" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12571" CreationDate="2015-12-07T09:47:27.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can help you a little bit, I hope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its about Examining the politics behind Ferrari's willingness to supply Red Bull instead of Renault in 2016 after Mercedes went cold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12475/9995927/f1s-engine-politics-examined&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12475/9995927/f1s-engine-politics-examined&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess even with the same engine, there is lot more work happening around the car like the design and aerodynamics (the creation of downforce to help push the car's tyres onto the track and improve cornering forces and minimising the drag that gets caused by turbulence and acts to slow the car down), and I think the original makers will have the perfect idea about the required aspects needed around the engine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about giving engine that is underperforming to suppliers, as there were some allegations during last season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2015-12-08T05:17:33.043" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T05:17:33.043" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-07T11:13:40.417" Score="3" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginner skier and I want to buy a complete second hand equipment. Could you please tell me what to look for when choosing such an equipment to be sure that I get a still usable one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="989" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-07T14:32:30.537" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T02:56:09.560" Title="Second-hand alpine skiing equipment" Tags="|equipment|skiing|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12570" CreationDate="2015-12-07T13:36:22.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/984/nfl-6th-consecutive-year-captain-patch?rq=1&quot;&gt;NFL 6th (consecutive) year captain patch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the number of gold stars filled in represents the number of consecutive years a player has been captain for his team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If each star is gold and the &quot;C&quot; is gold, then that player has been a captain for his team for 5 or more years&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1527&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The white stars represent an empty placeholder for the gold stars. For example, if a player has two gold stars and two white stars, that represents that player has been a captain for that team for two years. See the table below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;White | Gold  | Meaning&#xA;-----------------------&#xA;0     | 4 + C | 5th year or more as captain for his team&#xA;0     | 4     | 4th year as captain for his team&#xA;1     | 3     | 3rd ...&#xA;2     | 2     | 2nd ...&#xA;3     | 1     | 1st ...&#xA;4     | 0     | represents 0 years of being a captain for his team*&#xA;&#xA;* - I don't think this exists to wear.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T13:41:54.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12572" CreationDate="2015-12-07T21:35:20.370" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/12573/3526&quot;&gt;The accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; is completely correct as to what action the referee should take against the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, if there is now a hole in the field which is large enough to make it difficult to take a penalty kick, in addition to cautioning the goalkeeper, the referee should suspend the game and not allow the penalty kick until ground staff or someone from the home team repairs the hole (depending on the level of competition). This is not only a fairness concern for the team taking the penalty kick, but also a safety concern for players from both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee's power to suspend matches due to player infringements and for other interference is granted on p. 25 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match, at his discretion, for any infringements of the Laws&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match because of outside&#xA;  interference of any kind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The power of the referee to make decisions with respect to the condition of the field of play is within the match official indemnity waiver (and strangely not within the law regarding the field of play) on p. 27:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A referee (or where applicable, an assistant referee or fourth official) is not held liable for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any kind of injury suffered by a player, official or spectator&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any damage to property of any kind&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any other loss suffered by any individual, club, company, association or other body, which is due or which may be due to any decision that he may take under the terms of the Laws of the Game or in respect of the normal procedures required to hold, play and control a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Such decisions may include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a decision that the condition of the field of play or its surrounds or that the weather conditions are such as to allow or not to allow a match to take place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T21:35:20.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12565" CreationDate="2015-12-07T21:35:24.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't clearly stated in the rulebook.  This differs from some high school rulesets, from my understanding (though I'm not a high school expert); some of those do have explicit rules for this happening (as I expect it happens more often).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, all of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule-6.-free-kicks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; are based on &quot;when the ball is kicked&quot;, such as in 6.1.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All kicking team players must be inbounds and behind the ball when it is kicked, except:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;the holder of a placekick (3-18-1-Item 2) may be beyond the line, and&#xA;    the kicker may be beyond the line, provided that his kicking foot is not beyond the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only time I've seen this in live game action is when the ball blows or falls off the tee, in which case the kicker is welcome to re-set it, and after a second time would have a holder hold it (rule 6.1.1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some rulesets, this might be determined as off-sides or encroachment if the kicking team has any member other than the kicker (or holder) beyond the restraining line (i.e., the ball).  The NFL rules don't seem to support this, though; they don't have any allowance for this, suggesting it's probably handled similarly to if the ball falls off the tee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T21:35:24.103" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4814" CreationDate="2015-12-08T00:18:59.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is How I did it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buy a decent Wilson kid's racquet, 250g or so with a thin handle, other brands may have different core shapes that might be difficult to work with.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Remove the wrap of the handle and the butt cap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cut off about 3 inches of hardened glue from the bottom of the handle, expose the metal or carbon fiber core inside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buy a piece of square shaped aluminum pipe from the hardware store, cut 6 inches, insert the exposed core of the handle into the pipe to get an extra 3 inches. If it does not fit snugly, either wrap some duct tapes or grind some of the materials off the handle. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drill a few holes through the pipe into the handle, screw the pipe into place.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put a thick layer of hot melting glue around the whole handle, wait for it to cool off, use a knife to shape the handle into a smooth piece of polygon cylinder. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Find a bicycle handlebar tape and wrap it up. Done.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10437" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T00:18:59.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12571" CreationDate="2015-12-08T12:01:11.840" Score="12" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Short answer:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is far more to F1 than just engines, so even if a team is losing some competitiveness by selling their engines to a rival, they still have other areas where they can compete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Long answer:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In F1, engines are very expensive, typically around $3M per unit.  Imagine 4 engines for each car during the season, that's $24M alone for each team to spend.  But having said that, by far the biggest cost regards engines, is the development cost, you can easily spend $100M developing an engine, so most of the smaller teams buy their engines, as on their budgets developing their own is simply not possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/fia-must-cap-f1-engine-costs-says-former-top-adviser-9874319.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/fia-must-cap-f1-engine-costs-says-former-top-adviser-9874319.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of the midfield and smaller teams survive on budgets of under $100M a season, some on around half that amount, so they are forced to buy their engines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With recent changes to F1, trying to cut costs to make the sport more feasible, the engine manufacturers are encouraged to sell their engines to the other teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mercedes, Ferrari and Renault have all sold their engines to other teams in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to say if the engines sold are identical or not to those used by the &quot;works&quot; teams - officially they are identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 2014 the Mercedes team radically changed the design of their engines and their customer teams, Williams, McLaren and Force India, didn't find out until very late and so this may have compromised their car design:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12472/9243875/revealed-how-mercedes-packaging-of-their-turbo-engine-has-given-them-the-edge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12472/9243875/revealed-how-mercedes-packaging-of-their-turbo-engine-has-given-them-the-edge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;works&quot; team always has a bit of an advantage over the customer teams for this reason, they can plan ahead for engine changes and they get a head start in designing their car around the engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the team selling the engines, they get a bit of extra revenue to pay for all that R&amp;amp;D but also they get extra data back from their customers so they can refine the design, maybe iron out some glitches that may make it sub-optimal in terms of performance and reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But engines are not everything in F1.  Last season Mercedes were generally accepted to have the best engine while Red Bull struggled with the Renault engine which was regarded as being well down on power.  However, at Singapore for one, Mercedes struggled and Red Bull were competitive.  Chassis and aerodynamic design are also very important.  Even if Enzo Ferrari did once say &quot;Aerodynamics are for people who can't build engines!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You usually find the works teams do well not only because they have their own engines, but because they tend to have most money as well!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if Honda can sort themselves out they may mean McLaren can challenge the front-runners, but not for another season or two probably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is all relevant to the health of F1 as the smaller teams cannot compete with the bigger teams and it's a vicious circle as you need money to compete but need to be competitive to earn that money.  There is talk of a price limit on engines that would help a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/121526&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/121526&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, if there were no manufacturers selling engines to the teams, the sport would die, or it would be Ferrari vs Renault vs Mercedes vs McLaren (currently) with just the 4 teams on the grid - unless you go down the route of GP2 for example and make it a spec series with all the cars being identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-03-10T18:24:24.623" LastActivityDate="2020-03-10T18:24:24.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12561" CreationDate="2015-12-09T00:44:50.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll go with the USA Swimming 2015 Rulebook (available on line at usaswimming.org under the Officials resources). These rules are in line with FINA international rules, so if not in the USA, your national Rulebook should still contain similar language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USA Swimming rule 102.22.4 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A swimmer must start and finish the race in the same lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, should they end up in a different land during the race, they must get back in to their lane for it to be a legal swim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, USA Swimming 102.22.6 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Obstructing or otherwise interfering with another swimmer shall disqualify the&#xA;  offender, subject to the discretion of the Referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the lane you find yourself in has another swimmer in it, you can't get in their way. The 'discretion of the Referee' part is primarily there to give the Referee discretion as to who interfered with whom in less clear-cut cases, e.g. two backstrokers in adjacent lands tangling up with each other under the lane line.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, suppose you ended up in the wrong lane, following the other swimmer - to this point you have not interfered with them (until they turn and come back your way). Or, suppose it was on a 50 long course race, where they won't come back your way. To avoid being disqualified under 102.22.6, you need to get back in to your lane, under the lane line, before you run into them. The trick is how to do that legally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In breaststroke (USA Swimming rules 101.2) it would be fairly straightforward as part of the normal, legal stroke - your head goes under the lane line, you kick, and your head breaks the surface back in your lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In butterfly (USA Swimming rules 101.3) it is harder to see how - 101.3.2 includes the words &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The swimmer must remain&#xA;  on the surface until the next turn or finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an official, if a butterflier ducked under the lane line this would disqualify them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In backstroke (USA Swimming rules 101.4), there is also wording (101.4.2) of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of&#xA;  the water throughout the race, except it is permissible for the swimmer to be completely&#xA;  submerged during the turn and for a distance of not more than 15 meters&#xA;  (16.4 yards) after the start and after each turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Freestyle (USA Swimming 101.5.2) has similar language to the backstroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except perhaps for breaststroke, once you are swimming in the wrong lane, your only chance to get back in to your appropriate lane is on a turn, where the 15 meter rule applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plausible scenario: On the start, within the 15 meter rule, you dolphin kick out in front of the adjacent swimmer, coming up well ahead. You realize your mistake. At the turn, you get back in to your lane, avoiding any contact with the other swimmer. However, at best, you are leaving it up to the Referee to determine whether or not your wake is interfering with the other swimmer (102.22.6). As an official I would call it in as a possible infraction, which would then lead to discussion with the Referee. Except under highly unusual circumstances, it would likely be a disqualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of those unusual circumstances would be if there were no swimmer in the adjacent lane - then you have no possibility of interference, you would switch back to the correct lane on the turn, and life would go on. But then, would it really be an 'invasion'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastEditorUserId="4913" LastEditDate="2015-12-10T18:16:34.233" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T18:16:34.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12587" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-09T09:22:13.447" Score="3" ViewCount="4339" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every player has to stay in his position and may not violate the positioning rules until the opponent's server has touched the ball (of course, assuming that the referee has blowed his whistle).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every setter in every game I've attended on FIVB level &lt;strong&gt;leaves his position earlier&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is due to the velocity of the serve, so the setter has enough time to get to the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the rules in this &quot;violation&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt; In particular, I am asking for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many seconds before serving the setter may leave his position?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this standardese or FIVB-specific?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does this only apply to the setter?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T10:41:07.870" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T10:41:07.870" Title="When is the setter allowed to leave his position?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12587" CreationDate="2015-12-09T09:57:09.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first statement is incorrect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Every player has to stay on his position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no restriction on players moving before the serve (at least on the receiving team; the serving team will have to be careful of the screening rules). However, your second statement is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;may not violate the positioning rules until the opponent's server has touched the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific rule is 7.5.1 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015-2016 rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The team commits a positional fault, if any player is not in his/her correct&#xA;  position at the moment the ball is hit by the server&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the rules for determining whether a player is in his/her correct position in section 7.4. So long as the setter and all other players are in their correct positions at the moment of the service hit, there is no fault even if they are running around like crazy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T09:57:09.317" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12523" CreationDate="2015-12-09T10:11:32.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is, the wider your deck is, the faster you can go safely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you just want to cruise, I would recommend a longboard, or, if that's to heavy and to big, a cruiser build skateboard.&#xA;That means a relatively wide deck (e.g. 8,125&quot; or more) and propably some bigger and softer wheels... (something like 86A, 56-58mm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With such a build, you will be able to cruise nice and safely from A to B, build you also have the possibility to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10446" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T10:11:32.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12551" CreationDate="2015-12-09T13:21:18.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is possible and it happened in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dutchreferee.com/baird-gets-two-unusual-yellow-cards/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Euro 2016 qualification play-off between Northern Ireland and Hungary&lt;/a&gt; in September 2015. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY0DD120slk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A video&lt;/a&gt; of the incident is available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T08:45:32.090" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T08:45:32.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12592" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12593" CreationDate="2015-12-10T17:15:19.810" Score="3" ViewCount="2822" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read a few things about American Football, especially of course the NFL. In the news I often read that players get signed and waived again after just one week or a comparable short amount of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, see the penultimate paragraph from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seahawks.com/news/2015/12/09/seattle-seahawks-sign-te-anthony-mccoy-s-akeem-davis-waive-te-chase-coffman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article on the official Seahawks website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Chase] Coffman was signed last week to provide depth at tight end following Jimmy Graham’s season-ending injury, but was inactive for Sunday’s game at Minnesota.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the player did not even play. I believe that NFL players get paid on a weekly basis, so the shortest possible contract situation has to be a week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the point of doing something like that - the player earns at least &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.spotrac.com/blog/nfl-minimum-salaries-for-2015-and-the-veteran-cap-benefit-rule/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;$30,000 per week&lt;/a&gt;, and in this case only for attending practice. Isn't that a waste of money?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10241" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-11T08:29:26.103" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T08:29:26.103" Title="Why do NFL teams sign and waive players after one week?" Tags="|nfl|finances|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12592" CreationDate="2015-12-10T17:44:51.343" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, the Seahawks had just lost TE Jimmy Graham for the season the week before, and as such needed to fill a spot for a TE. It seems like they signed one player, and then decided he wasn't a good fit, so moved on.  They probably had to move quickly initially to get someone into practice right away, and so didn't have time to do a thorough job looking for a specific person - by the second week, they had more time to find the right person (or, two people, apparently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sort of thing is inevitable in the NFL, and happens frequently.  Compared to Major League Baseball, replacing a player in the NFL is very complicated: there isn't a minor league to draw from, or a &quot;system&quot;.  There's a small practice squad, but that squad doesn't have very many players on it, so you often have to sign a free agent if you need to fill a spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, NFL contracts are generally not guaranteed contracts - so there's very little cost to signing a player on a temporary basis.  Teams will have a 53 man roster and 46 active players on gameday (7 inactive, which includes injured players who aren't sufficiently injured for the IR), so signing one guy and then cutting him to sign another guy doesn't really cost them anything: they'd still have that spot filled by someone, it's now just a different someone.  I imagine there's a small cost in terms of paperwork and tax/etc. overhead (since NFL players make so much money, they hit the Social Security tax limit fairly quickly, even the lower paid players, so changing players every few games would have a higher tax bill) but that cost is insignificant compared to the hundreds of millions each team is making.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as why they want to make sure and have that full 53 man roster - even if a player is unlikely to contribute on offense, it's important to make sure you have a full set of players for special teams (And a 3rd string TE is very likely to be playing on special teams).  While he wasn't activated, we don't know why that is; it may have been they just had him for insurance (in case someone got hurt), or it may have been that they wanted to use him but he didn't turn out to be talented enough or learn the system well enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally - don't discount the value of 'attending practice'.  Having a full set of players for practice is important, so they can run plays - even if it means being on the 2nd string offense whose job it is to give the defense something to play against oftentimes.  Being short a player means either a starter is doing a backup's job as well as his own, or they can't run plays as smoothly in practice.  Plus of course the chance to see how good a player is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T17:44:51.343" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-11T02:48:27.223" Score="2" ViewCount="1780" Body="&lt;p&gt;If 2 people touch the ball at the same time, who obtain the score in NBA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9889" LastActivityDate="2024-01-02T19:25:13.813" Title="If 2 players slam dunk at the same time, who got the score?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12607" CreationDate="2015-12-11T10:12:15.717" Score="3" ViewCount="2826" Body="&lt;p&gt;Double-touch (at least that's what people call at my court) is when the shuttle touches the racket more than once in an instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what are the rules regarding this?  Does the point count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, then is the point awarded to the opponent or is the rally abandoned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a technical/official term for &quot;double touch&quot; in Badminton?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-11T13:53:26.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T08:57:12.010" Title="Is there a technical name and rules for a double-touch in badminton?" Tags="|rules|terminology|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-12T04:01:09.833" Score="5" ViewCount="1454" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does it happen often that an ice-hockey player changes during their career the position? For example, somebody who plays for some years as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winger_%28ice_hockey%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;left or right wing&lt;/a&gt; then becomes a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_%28ice_hockey%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;centre&lt;/a&gt;. Or that somebody starts playing as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenceman&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defenceman&lt;/a&gt; and then becomes &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_%28ice_hockey%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;forward&lt;/a&gt;. (It is very hard to imagine that some &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaltender&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;goaltender&lt;/a&gt; became a skater or vice-versa, so the above examples are more likely.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some famous player who has such change in their career? Did it happen at least for some players at NHL level (either during their NHL career or in their transition from junior/minor leagues to NHL)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-12T15:17:50.093" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T18:38:42.303" Title="Did some ice-hockey players change their position during their career?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8727" CreationDate="2015-12-12T04:27:06.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the quotation refers to jump rotation fast enough to perform the jumps expected in senior-level competition.  There are two parts to creating the rotation for triple and quadruple jumps.  The first part is creating a torque with the edges of the blade (as mentioned by the other answers) and toe picks.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part is manipulation of the moment of inertia.  Skaters call this a &quot;snap.&quot;  It is achieved by moving the arms and legs from an extended position to one close to the axis of rotation.  In the air, the arms are crossed in front and the feet are crossed at the ankle.  Owing to the law of conservation of angular momentum, when the mass of the limbs moves closer to the axis of rotation, the rotation rate increases (called &quot;George&quot; by coach Audrey Weiseger; there is no word for it in physics).  This jump technique is usually credited to Gustav Lussi, and was popularized by Dick Button.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fast spins are achieved the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10462" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T04:27:06.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3884" CreationDate="2015-12-12T04:37:46.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is possible to do well in both.  There are two problems though:  First, training time is limited by injury, so skaters who practice only one discipline have more training in that discipline than skaters who do two disciplines.  Second, pairs skating develops upper body muscle (especially for men, but also see Meagan Duhamel).  Lots of upper body muscle makes the skater top heavy, which means that jumps must be more precise.  It is also dead weight during a jump.  This is a disadvantage in freeskating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10462" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T04:37:46.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3844" CreationDate="2015-12-12T04:44:55.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You must change edge to generate power efficiently.  This is why the tracing of the blade cannot be in a straight line.  A correct stroke starts with a push from the free leg.  There is a second push which occurs when the skating leg changes edge.  You can see this because the curvature of the tracing reverses.  This applies for forwards and backwards stroking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a slalom, only the second push is performed, but it is done with both feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10462" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T04:44:55.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12601" CreationDate="2015-12-12T08:57:12.010" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules of Badminton state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FAULTS:  It shall be a ‘fault’:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3 if in play, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3.6 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3.7 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a ‘fault’;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3.8 is hit by a player and the player’s partner successively;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=680849&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=680849&amp;amp;dl=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what are the rules regarding this? Does the point count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point counts. But it is a fault. Hence, the point is awarded to your opponent. See 13.3.8. However, be award that if the shuttle first hits the head and then the stringed area, it is NOT a fault and therefore a legal shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, then is the point awarded to the opponent or is the rally abandoned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a technical/official term for &amp;quot;double touch&amp;quot; in Badminton?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When looking at the official rules, it seems, there is no official term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T08:57:12.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12603" CreationDate="2015-12-12T11:59:27.877" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Czech Republic. In our fourth league we had a striker who became a defender. I know that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Andersen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Frederik Andersen&lt;/a&gt; when he was 10, he was the centre forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9758" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2015-12-12T12:00:34.853" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T12:00:34.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-12T17:53:20.820" Score="-1" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, which player had the longest solo dribble, passed the keeper, then missed the goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10465" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-14T13:21:30.730" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T13:21:30.730" Title="In soccer, which player had the longest dribble then a miss goal?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-12-14T16:11:40.273" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12610" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16890" CreationDate="2015-12-12T23:40:37.157" Score="7" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible to estimate the effectiveness of sweeping action in curling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean how can the sweepers carry forward the stone it they do sweeping action all over the rink?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T15:29:27.127" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T15:29:27.127" Title="Sweeping actions in curling" Tags="|technique|curling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12617" CreationDate="2015-12-13T18:09:25.520" Score="0" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm traveling to Milan in April and noticed that AC Milan is playing Carpi during the time I am there. The official AC Milan website does not have any tickets available (&lt;a href=&quot;http://tickets.acmilan.com/en/tickets_purchase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tickets.acmilan.com/en/tickets_purchase&lt;/a&gt;) so it looks like I will likely have to go to the secondary market. I see that seatwave.com is a subsidiary of Ticketmaster, is that my best bet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="991" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T09:27:22.983" Title="American Buying AC Milan Tickets" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2015-12-14T13:54:28.970" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3526" CreationDate="2015-12-13T18:20:12.490" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;His name is Beau Estes, here is another video of him introducing himself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/video/channels/nba_tv/2014/07/10/20140710-free-agency-update.nba/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/video/channels/nba_tv/2014/07/10/20140710-free-agency-update.nba/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="991" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T18:20:12.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12609" CreationDate="2015-12-13T22:29:45.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably not the longest of all time but among recent ones I had this in mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrEhVJohFLo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrEhVJohFLo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10469" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T22:29:45.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12611" CreationDate="2015-12-14T09:27:22.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tickets are not available because it is too early for the buy.&#xA;You can try to buy them few days before or that day at the stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am almost sure that Milan-Carpi will not sign the sold out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T09:27:22.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12610" CreationDate="2015-12-14T13:50:33.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The entire sport of curling is an example of Newton's first law of motion - &quot;An object a rest tends to remain at rest, and an object in motion tends to continue in moving in a straight line at constant speed unless an outside force acts upon it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sweeping action is to smooth out the ice, and prevent the friction from the bumps in the ice slowing down the stone. Hence sweeping at one side will only smooth out the ice on that side, causing the stone to curve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A proper discussion of these things are available &lt;a href=&quot;http://runningwithteamhogan.com/curling-and-newtons-laws-of-motion-using-olympics-to-teach-physics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/olympics/wp/2014/02/16/curling-brooms-newtons-first-law-of-motion-and-why-curling-may-be-cooler-than-baseball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure you could exactly quantify the effectiveness of the sweeping action - it would depend on so many variables, such as initial bumpiness of the ice, strength of the sweeper, abrasive quality of the broomhead, force exerted on the broom etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T13:50:33.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12603" CreationDate="2015-12-14T18:38:42.303" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, this happens from time to time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent case I know of is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/player.htm?id=8470834&quot;&gt;Dustin Byfuglien&lt;/a&gt;, who has switched back and forth between Defenseman and Forward during his career (sometimes within one season).  He began as a Defenseman, switched to Forward in 2008, won a cup with Chicago on offense; then was traded to Atlanta, went back to defenseman.  He then went back to Forward in 2014, and then in Dec. 2014 swapped back to Defenseman.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, many players switch in high school or college, particularly as they learn they are more suited to Defenseman.  When skating on teams where they are far and away the best skater, they're more likely to play a forward position (where they will presumably have more opportunities to score), but once in a position where they are playing other equivalently skilled players they may learn their body and game is actually suited to defense.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=785746&quot;&gt;Phil Housley&lt;/a&gt; is a great example of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there have been a few great players who occasionally played defense due to team needs (for example, if several defenders were injured).  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov&quot;&gt;Sergei Federov&lt;/a&gt; is an example of this; while he played Center throughout his career, he occasionally was used on defense, both during the prime of his career and as he got older.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T18:38:42.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12620" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-14T20:49:33.073" Score="14" ViewCount="1026" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player is nominated to receive the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisman_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Heisman Trophy&lt;/a&gt;, he and sometimes his family appears at the trophy presentation.  Who pays for this travel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10476" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-26T15:47:40.677" LastActivityDate="2021-04-02T04:04:05.460" Title="Who pays for the travel for Heisman trophy nominees?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12622" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-15T16:13:05.737" Score="3" ViewCount="1176" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman hits the ball to the keepers helmet which is placed behind the keeper,( which gives 5 runs,) for the last ball of the over then rotation of the strike involves or not?????&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10479" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T16:35:17.297" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T20:03:05.120" Title="Strike rotation in cricket" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-12-16T21:19:45.757" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12622" CreationDate="2015-12-15T16:34:55.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 41 section 3&lt;/a&gt;. It states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*If a protective helmet belonging to the fielding side is on the ground within the field of play, and the ball while in play strikes it, the ball &#xA;shall become dead and, except in the &#xA;circumstances of Law 34 (Hit the ball twice), &#xA;5 penalty runs shall then be awarded to &#xA;the batting side, in addition to the penalty for a No ball or a Wide, if applicable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally runs completed by the batsmen before the ball strikes &#xA;the protective helmet shall be scored, together with the run in progress if the batsmen had already crossed at the &#xA;instant of the ball striking the protective helmet.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;See Law 18.10 (Runs scored when the &#xA;ball becomes dead other than at the fall of a wicket).*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that if the batsmen crossed for a run, they remain in their positions as of when the helmet was struck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your specific question, rotation does take place, if it's required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T20:03:05.120" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T20:03:05.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12569" CreationDate="2015-12-15T18:23:33.710" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In boxing, the fighter who retires will keep the belt and the committee will generally schedule a fight between the next two contenders to recognize the new champion. A new belt will be made for the new champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennox_Lewis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lennox Lewis&lt;/a&gt; was a recent retired champ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of belts a new belt is made every time a new champion is crowned. The ex-champion gets to keep his belt. (source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championship_belt#Boxing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Champions maintain permanent possession of these belts even upon losing their title, with a new belt made when a new champion is crowned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10481" LastEditorUserId="10424" LastEditDate="2020-09-25T20:11:17.730" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T20:11:17.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12625" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-15T22:59:50.093" Score="8" ViewCount="1719" Body="&lt;p&gt;In golf, what is the relationship of shaft flex with accuracy, with NO regard to distance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sources seem to talk about shaft flex as being a balancing act with distance. I am trying to separate out the distance variable and consider it with accuracy only. Does a stiffer shaft mean more accuracy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10454" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T22:01:01.330" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T16:17:14.420" Title="In golf, what is the relationship of shaft flex with accuracy?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12625" CreationDate="2015-12-16T04:16:37.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;More flexible shafts are less accurate than stiffer shafts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Playing with a shaft that is too soft will exaggerate your swing&#xA;  imperfections, with gentle fades becoming wild slices and pulls&#xA;  turning into snap hooks.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfwrx.com/100/a-guide-to-shafts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;A Guide to Shafts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T04:16:37.600" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12628" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-16T09:27:15.773" Score="2" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the international highest level of dressage (Grand Prix), what are the qualifications a judge has to have in order to qualify as a judge? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T11:53:19.313" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T11:53:19.313" Title="What are the qualifications needed for dressage judges?" Tags="|rules|dressage|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12629" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dressage is a highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an &quot;art&quot; sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery. As an equestrian sport defined by the International Equestrian Federation, dressage is &quot;the highest expression of horse training&quot; where &quot;horse and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined movements.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, 2015-12-16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12630" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" Score="0" Body="Use this tag for any questions relating to the equestrian discipline." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T11:57:38.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12648" CreationDate="2015-12-16T14:03:02.190" Score="10" ViewCount="2532" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a member of the home team scores a hat trick, it is normal for fans to throw their hats on the ice (usually causing a delay).  Does the same apply for when a member of the away team scores a hat trick?  Is it 'frowned' upon to throw your hat on the ice if you are cheering for the away team ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastEditorUserId="10484" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T14:18:08.067" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T15:22:53.883" Title="What happens when a member of the away team scores a hat trick in NHL?" Tags="|ice-hockey|scoring|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12633" CreationDate="2015-12-16T15:00:14.390" Score="10" ViewCount="37217" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal to go under the net, on the other players side in indoor volleyball to play a ball that was going out?  From my understanding, you would have to hit it around the net, then another team member would have to hit it over the net and as long as you don't interfere with the other team (or it isn't a dangerous play) - it is legal.  Is that correct?   Does the same apply to Sand Volleyball? (both 2s and 6s)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iezPB.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iezPB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T06:40:37.053" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T03:42:28.470" Title="Is it legal to go under the net to play a ball going out, back in play in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12632" CreationDate="2015-12-16T15:08:33.607" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the diagram you've drawn, this would result in losing the point. The ball has passed entirely to the other side of the net through the crossing space so your team is no longer allowed to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting from Rule 9 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-2016 Rules of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team must play within its own playing area and space (except Rule 10.1.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the first hit had passed &lt;em&gt;outside&lt;/em&gt; the antenna, then this would be a legal play, although for indoor volleyball, the player passing under the net may not touch the opponent's court. They can either go under the net between the posts and outside the opponent's court, or around outside the post. This is Rule 10.1.2 as referred to above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone&#xA;  totally or partly through the external space, may be played back within&#xA;  the team hits, provided that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the opponent's court is not touched by the player;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or partly&#xA;  through the external space on the same side of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;external space&quot; is that to the side of the net, so this means that the ball cannot be returned to the first team's side of the net over the net, but must instead go around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_BVB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beach volleyball&lt;/a&gt; rules are essentially identical except there is no restriction on touching the opponent's court. The FIVB does not produce any rules for 6 vs 6 beach volleyball, so you'd need to refer to the rules for whichever competition you're playing under for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-11T03:42:28.470" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T03:42:28.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12637" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-17T11:28:59.813" Score="6" ViewCount="4547" Body="&lt;p&gt;As seen in the image below, there are several &quot;sweet spots&quot; on a tennis racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before seing this picture, I always strived to hit the ball in the center of the racket, which seem to feel the nicest, however after seeing this diagram, and practicing bouncing the ball onto the racket in various positions, It seems the yellow area shown below does have more rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, I ask the question, is it better to master  striking the ball in the center of the racket or the yellow spot shown in the picture below, or somewhere else entirely, for optimum performance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qFpZo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qFpZo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10356" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T09:53:07.340" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T19:45:54.167" Title="What is the best spot to strike a tennis ball?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|technique|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12637" CreationDate="2015-12-17T13:31:06.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is no correct reply always true for this question, but I &lt;strong&gt;bolted the most one&lt;/strong&gt; according to your image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway you can use this hint to understand the meaning of the points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Point 1 is the Center of Percussion (COP in your image) and offers the least amount of initial shock to the hand when struck. Shock is generally accepted as being potentially most harmful to player's arms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Point 2 is the Nodal Point (Node in your image) and produces the least amount of vibration when struck. Frame vibration is what players feel after ball contact in certain more flexible rackets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Point 3 is the area of Maximum Coefficient of Restitution&lt;/strong&gt;, or a racket's power (&lt;strong&gt;Best bouce in your image&lt;/strong&gt;) and the exact position depend on several factors (racket's weight, balance, length, headsize and string tension).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.comsol.com/blogs/the-physics-of-tennis-racket-sweet-spots/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; and also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577483/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can find a deep explanation of this topics with physics details&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T13:52:50.880" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T13:52:50.880" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12640" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-17T13:32:09.730" Score="1" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like cricket very much, is there a way to take umpire as carrier?&#xA;If so what should i do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10490" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T13:42:35.493" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T14:01:40.687" Title="How to become a cricket umpire for icc?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-12-17T16:53:51.283" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12640" CreationDate="2015-12-17T13:42:08.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are living in Europe you can find this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-europe.org/education/uec.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Europe Umpire Education Courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T13:42:08.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12643" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-17T13:44:43.687" Score="6" ViewCount="20158" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if I have only the 8 (black) ball left to pot and my opponent who has a colored ball scratches the cue ball? Do I get a ball in hand or do I have to try potting the black ball from behind 'the line'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10491" LastActivityDate="2022-08-17T20:53:39.963" Title="8 ball Pool: Left only with black ball" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12640" CreationDate="2015-12-17T14:01:40.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible to take umpiring as a career BUT it is very difficult to get to the level at which it is a proffessional option and it takes a lot of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first step in getting involved in umpiring is to contact your local cricket association and ask about umpire training.  They will offer some, in the UK it's the ECB ACO, in europe its ICC Europe, I am fairly sure the BCCI and PCB also offer the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then it is a matter of getting out on the field and umpiring and over time if you have the abilities needed you will rise towards the top and may eventually be able to do it as a career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However given the competition it will take time and luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are for example only 12 elite umpires employed by ICC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ECB employees a further 33 on its 1st class and reserve lists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ben&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T14:01:40.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12643" CreationDate="2015-12-17T14:20:39.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what rules you play by.  By Official pool rules, you would have ball in hand as they committed a foul.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.9 Standard Fouls&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the shooter commits a foul, play passes to his opponent. The cue ball is in  hand, and the incoming player may place it anywhere on the playing surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the Foul: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Fouls&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following actions are fouls at pool when included in the specific&#xA;  rules of the game being played. If several fouls occur on one shot,&#xA;  only the most serious one is enforced. If a foul is not called before&#xA;  the next shot begins, the foul is assumed not to have happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6.1&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cue Ball Scratch or off the Table  If the cue ball is pocketed or driven off the table, the shot is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it depends what rules you play by, determined prior to the match start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the cue ball is in hand, the shooter may place the cue ball&#xA;  anywhere on the playing surfaceand may&#xA;  continue to move the cue ball until he executes a shot. Players may use any part of the cue stick to&#xA;  move the cue ball, including the tip, but not with a forward stroke&#xA;  motion. In some games and for most break shots, placement of the cue&#xA;  ball may be restricted to the area &lt;strong&gt;behind the head string&lt;/strong&gt; depending on&#xA;  the rules of the game, and then 6.10 Bad Cue Ball Placement and 6.11&#xA;  Bad Play from Behind the Head String may apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, behind the head string is also known as the kitchen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0KtGs.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0KtGs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would recommend clarifying with your opponent which rules you want to play by prior to starting the game.  [I usually play any foul committed is ball in hand]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=116&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#1.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastEditorUserId="10484" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T14:32:26.587" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T14:32:26.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12647" CreationDate="2015-12-17T14:41:03.637" Score="7" ViewCount="701" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I were to bowl the bowling ball into the corner of the gutter to pick up a split (usually 7-10 split applies here), is it still legal if it goes in the gutter completely, comes out of the gutter, and hits the pin(s) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T14:45:55.947" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T14:55:21.227" Title="Can you legally use the gutter to pick up a split?" Tags="|rules|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12646" CreationDate="2015-12-17T14:55:21.227" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it would not be legal.  If the ball goes into the gutter before reaching the pins, any pinfall that happen after the ball hits the gutter is not legal pinfall, therefore the pins either need to be stood back up(if on the first ball of the frame) or the shot counts as 0(if on the 2nd ball of the frame).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 6b - Illegal Pinfall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6b. Illegal Pinfall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When any of the following occur, the delivery counts but the resulting pinfall does not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ball leaves the lane before reaching the pins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://usbcongress.http.internapcdn.net/usbcongress/bowl/rulebook/Rulebook_rev041310/2009-10_USBC_Rule_Book.htm#118b._How_Established.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://usbcongress.http.internapcdn.net/usbcongress/bowl/rulebook/2015-2016Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rulebook Page 13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T14:55:21.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12631" CreationDate="2015-12-17T18:58:59.097" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general rule is a fan will not throw a hat should a player from the opposing team score a hat trick. So, for the most part, nothing will happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, depending on how many away fans are at the arena, you may see some of them throw hats on the ice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally the hats are scraped off and donated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10492" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T18:58:59.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12565" CreationDate="2015-12-18T15:55:37.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a free kick (kick off or safety kick) the ball must be kicked to start the play.  No player can be in front of the kicker until the ball is kicked.  So if a kicker misses the ball, the play has not started.  If his players do not notice and run in front of him, then the play would be offsides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 1 - PROCEDURES FOR A FREE KICK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. FREE KICK A free kick is a kickoff or safety kick that puts&#xA;  the ball in play to start a free kick down. It must be made from any&#xA;  point on the kicking (offensive) team’s restraining line and between&#xA;  the inbounds lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A kickoff puts the ball in play at the start of each half, after a&#xA;  try, and after a successful field goal. A dropkick or placekick may be&#xA;  used for a kickoff. Note: During a placekick on a kickoff, the kicking&#xA;  team may use a manufactured tee that is one inch in height and&#xA;  approved by the League. Once the ball has been placed on the kicking&#xA;  tee, the kicking tee cannot be moved. If the ball falls off the tee,&#xA;  or the tee is moved, the covering officials must stop play and restart&#xA;  the timing process without penalty to the kicking team. If the ball&#xA;  falls off the tee a second time during the same free kick down, the&#xA;  kicking team then must either use a player to hold the ball or must&#xA;  kick it off the ground. The ball may be placed on the ground leaning&#xA;  against the tee, provided the tee is in its normal upright position. A&#xA;  safety kick puts the ball in play after a safety. A dropkick,&#xA;  placekick, or punt may be used for a safety kick. A tee cannot be used&#xA;  for a safety kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the ball is kicked on a free kick down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the ball has been made ready for play, all kicking team (Team A)&#xA;  players other than the kicker must be lined up no more than five yards&#xA;  behind their restraining line; and All kicking team players must be&#xA;  inbounds and behind the ball when it is kicked, except: the holder of&#xA;  a placekick (3-18-1-Item 2) may be beyond the line, and the kicker may&#xA;  be beyond the line, provided that his kicking foot is not beyond the&#xA;  line. At least four players of the kicking team must be on each side&#xA;  of the ball. At least three players must be lined up outside each&#xA;  inbounds line, one of whom must be outside the yard-line number. Note:&#xA;  A holder for a free kick counts as one of the required four players,&#xA;  regardless of where he is positioned. All receiving team (Team B)&#xA;  players must be inbounds and behind their restraining line until the&#xA;  ball is kicked. Penalty: For a player being beyond the restraining&#xA;  line when the ball is kicked (offside), a player being out of bounds&#xA;  when the ball is kicked, a kicking team player other than the kicker&#xA;  being more than five yards behind his restraining line, or the kicking&#xA;  team being in an illegal formation when the ball is kicked: Loss of&#xA;  five yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 6. END OF FREE KICK A free kick ends when either team&#xA;  possesses the ball, or when the ball is dead, if that precedes&#xA;  possession. A running play begins when the receiving team establishes&#xA;  possession of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-19T07:54:02.640" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T07:54:02.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12565" CreationDate="2015-12-18T20:40:13.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First there is not a designated kicker. Just because there is a little twerp in a #3 jersey doesn't make him a kicker.  If you look in Greg's answer that copies Article 1 discussing the free kick you will see that only the kicker can be more than 5 yards beyond the kickoff line.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was put in recently for player safety.  Guys would line up 10-15 yards behind and be at full sprint when leaving.  Guys were getting hurt and too much advantage for kickoff team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Any player can kick the ball.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say that there is a &quot;normal&quot; kickoff formation 5-1-5 with the &quot;1&quot; deep.  Let's say the &quot;1&quot; doesn't kick the ball but someone else does.  Illegal formation on the &quot;1&quot; - receiving team takes the ball +5 yards or rekick minus 5 yards.  That's why on a lot of onside kick plays you see in the NFL, everyone is within 5 yards of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next let's talk about the kicker whiffing.  If the kicker misses the ball totally without the ball being removed from the tee it really depends where his kicking foot is.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let's say the kicker plants 1 yard early and misses.  He is free to try to kick the ball again.  In reality someone on his team would have crossed the line of scrimmage and there would be an offsides penalty.  But if this were &quot;designed&quot; the kicker is fully eligible to take as many swings as needed - this isn't golf.  In the NFL there is a play clock enabled on official &quot;OK&quot; whistle.  That is the only thing standing in the way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let's say kicker plants normal, feels twinge in his leg and slowly tries to execute kick but misses on purpose knowing kick isn't going anywhere.  Let's say plant foot is over the line and foot never reaches the ball.  Can the kicker back up and rekick?  I think the NFL rules committee minds would blow up!  This just simply isn't in the rulebook.  Can he back up after his plant foot is beyond the line?  I would tend to say no &lt;strong&gt;but it is not in the rulebook or any use cases I have ever seen&lt;/strong&gt; and I have read through more than a 100 use cases from pee-wee to NFL level (I find the trivia in the use cases fascinating).  I don't think it would ever ever come up in reality because the kicking team members would jump offsides during a whiff - I could never think of a case where this would happen.  If the team didn't jump and the kicker retreated to kick again... well I wouldn't fault the official for not calling anything. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Same scenario as above - kicker plants on line or past, kicker misses kick but does not cross line or hit ball with kicking foot.  Then kicker keeps plant foot where it is and &quot;rekicks&quot;.  I find this perfectly within the rules as mentioned in Article 1.  The kicker just has to worry about the play clock.  Again let's ignore that the other 10 players would have jumped.  The kicker at this point would be better off taking an offsides penalty and in all cases a coach would rather a kicker be offsides versus kicking the ball with no run up or even step.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Same scenario again - except this time kicker plants anywhere and kicking foot misses the ball, but this time when the kicker misses &quot;high&quot; his foot clearly goes past the kicking line.  This is clearly offsides as illustrated in Article 1.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen a couple of &quot;fake kickoff kicks&quot; at the high school level but can't remember one in the NFL (please comment if someone remembers one).  Basically kicker runs up and swings but a yard short, team runs hard to line but stops, member near kicker onside kicks as the opposing front line is retreating, team goes past line on kick and recovers ball.  I have seen it done at least 5 times.  I think 2 of the times there was an offsides and the other 3 were VERY successful.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the NFL level this play could not only work but you could easily practice moving into a full squib if the return front line didn't retreat.  You have a ton of time to do whatever during kickoff so you could show a couple looks and still do a semi-normal kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To summarize:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no kicker until someone tries to strike the ball and really there is no defined kicker unless someone put a plant foot on the kickoff line.  Anyone can act like they are kicking the ball.  If that person has plant foot and kicking foot across the kickoff line then he is offsides.  So therefore you can logically deduce that the kicker is either the first person to put a foot on the kickoff line or the first person to strike the ball and once the second member of a team puts their plant foot on the line before the kick is being made, they are offsides.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an infraction standpoint the idea of settling this sort of rule by the rules committee would be moot.  The coaches in all cases would rather just take a 5 yard penalty.  We are discussing refs not calling a penalty on a team when a coach would clearly want it called.  I can only imagine this happening and not called as kicker takes second swing and muffs it 15 yards and kicking team going crazy on the ref.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2015-12-19T00:05:45.630" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T00:05:45.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12651" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-19T00:54:39.923" Score="3" ViewCount="6665" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems unnecessary to ban an entire way of bowling instead of just not allowing people to roll the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9936" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-20T08:25:02.743" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T08:25:02.743" Title="Why did they ban underarm bowling in cricket and not just rolling the ball" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-19T02:50:09.390" Score="5" ViewCount="3176" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if, in soccer, right after the attacking team scores a goal, the defending team makes a foul? Say, it was a corner, and the ball already crossed the line, and then a defending player slide-tackles a attacking person. What is the result? A penalty? Or maybe a direct free kick inside the goal?!?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T20:02:28.953" Title="Foul after a goal" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12652" CreationDate="2015-12-19T04:30:26.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball has crossed the line legally before the foul is committed, the goal counts towards the attacking team. In this case, any tackle that occurs on an attacking player is late, and hence the player committing the foul is either cautioned(i.e., shown a yellow card) or sent off(i.e., shown a red card) depending on the severity of the foul. However the attacking team does not get a penalty or a free kick. The goal stands and play is resumed via a kick off from the centre spot by the team that conceded the goal(as is normal when a goal has been scored).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the attacking team has caused an offence &lt;em&gt;after the ball crosses into the goal&lt;/em&gt;, the goal stands and the referee then penalizes the player who committed the offence. Play then resumes via kick off. The only reason a goal would not stand even if ball has entered the goal, is if the attacking team has caused an offence &lt;em&gt;before the ball crossed the goal line&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the foul occurs before the ball has entered the goal, the referee will allow the goal to stand, and take appropriate action against the player committing the foul if required. This scenario falls under the purview of the Advantage Rule, where the referee is allowed to let play continue, even if a foul has occurred, if the team against whom the foul is caused has a sufficient advantage as deemed so by the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/16&lt;/a&gt; (italics my own to provide emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 27:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Powers and Duties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   &lt;em&gt;allows play to continue when the team against which an offence has been&#xA;committed will benefit from such an advantage&lt;/em&gt; and penalises the original&#xA;offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Page 75:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may play advantage whenever an infringement or offence occurs.&#xA;The referee should consider the following circumstances in deciding whether to&#xA;apply the advantage or stop play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   the severity of the offence: if the infringement warrants an expulsion, the&#xA;referee must stop play and send off the player &lt;em&gt;unless there is a subsequent&#xA;opportunity to score a goal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   the position where the offence was committed: &lt;em&gt;the closer to the&#xA;opponent’s goal, the more effective it can be&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   &lt;em&gt;the chances of an immediate, promising attack&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   the atmosphere of the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision to penalise the original offence must be taken within a few&#xA;seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offence warrants a caution, it must be issued at the next stoppage.&#xA;However, unless there is a clear advantage, it is recommended that the referee&#xA;stops play and cautions the player immediately. If the caution is NOT issued at&#xA;the next stoppage, it cannot be shown later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE:&lt;/strong&gt; I know the question asked was not exactly about the Advantage rule. I felt it was required to provide a little extra information for anyone else reading the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T04:38:12.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12651" CreationDate="2015-12-19T05:15:16.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Underarm bowling was banned after the incident of rolling the ball which occurred in the match between Australia and New Zealand on 1st February, 1981. New Zealand required 6 runs off the last ball to tie the match. Australia captain Greg Chappell instructed the bowler Trevor Chappell to deliver the ball underarm(which was legal at the time). Trevor Chappell delivered the ball by rolling it along the pitch so that it was impossible for the batsman to hit the ball for a six.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Underarm bowling was banned by ICC as a result of this, as it was considered to be not within the spirit of the game. However, &lt;em&gt;underarm bowling is allowed if it has been agreed so by both teams before the match&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A delivery bowled is deemed a no ball if it rolls before reaching the popping crease as mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 24&lt;/a&gt; of the Laws of Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 24&lt;/strong&gt;: (emphasis my own)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mode of delivery&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The umpire shall ascertain whether the bowler intends to bowl right handed or left handed, over or round the wicket, and shall so inform the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unfair if the bowler fails to notify the umpire of a change in his mode of delivery. In this case the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) &lt;em&gt;Underarm bowling shall not be permitted except by special agreement before the match&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball bouncing more than twice or rolling along the ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire shall call and signal No ball if a ball which he considers to have been delivered, without having previously touched bat or person of the striker,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;either (i) bounces more than twice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (ii) &lt;em&gt;rolls along the ground&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;before it reaches the popping crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T05:15:16.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12569" CreationDate="2015-12-19T17:07:20.397" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I boxed for a couple of years in the 90s and spent some time training in Colorado Springs and San Diego - the hubs of USA amateur boxing at the time (alas the furthest I made it was GG Finals - lost to a damn lefty).  I knew some &quot;Champions&quot; and there were tons of federations at the time.  The question about the belt is easy.  The belt is yours.  I mean there might be some really small federations that make you take the belt to fight and hand it over but none that I knew of.  Most of the belts that were shown off to me were not &quot;active&quot;.  And I can swear I saw some show similar to &quot;How it's Made&quot; that went to a factory that made these belts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really there isn't a retirement process in boxing.  You can say you are retiring but in essence you are vacating the belt.  Basically you do not meet the requirements to defend the title for that federation.  All federations have a minimum on the amount of time between fights.  Most even make you box someone within a certain ranking range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So many constitute that a title must be defended every 4-8 months (differs widely) and that you must fight someone within top 20-50th ranked.  Most fighters don't really &quot;retire&quot; because they might as well wait until the last minute in case they want to fight or need the money.  How the federations handle this is what you would expect - well it is drastically better than it was.  They can get a scrub properly ranked to meet needs or give someone medical time to prolong there retirement or whatever.  They make the rules.  They only care when it comes to money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once someone has fully vacated the belt how the federation handles setting up a new champion has to do with their bylaws, money, and randomness.  Often promoters vie to get their people the title shot.  Federations are often pulled in 10 different directions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T13:30:20.297" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T13:30:20.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12652" CreationDate="2015-12-19T20:02:28.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As soon as the ball has wholly crossed the goal line (or touch line) whether on the ground or in the air, it is out of play. [Law 9] And, fouls are called &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; for offences which are committed by a player on the field of play &lt;em&gt;while the ball is in play&lt;/em&gt;. [Interpretation of Law 12] (Cf. also &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/8780/96&quot;&gt;Can a foul be overriden before it is taken?&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the goal normally stands and the play will resume with a kick-off by the team conceding the goal as usual. [Law 12] However, the persons involved in the misconduct may be cautioned or sent off by the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if another player of the attacking team has committed a foul &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the ball has wholly crossed the goal line, the goal would not stand [Law 10], and the play would resume by a free kick by the defending team. (After possibly cautioning or sending off the offender(s).)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player of &lt;em&gt;the defending team&lt;/em&gt; has committed a foul a moment before the ball has wholly crossed the goal line, the goal would stand by the referee applying an advantage. [Law 5] (Even though the referee can also caution or send off the offender(s).)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game and Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees 2015/2016&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Law 9:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air&#xA;  […]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interpretation of Law 12:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following conditions must be met for an offence to be considered a foul:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it must be committed by a player&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it must occur on the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it must occur while the ball is in play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Law 12&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the previous decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Law 10&lt;/em&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, &lt;em&gt;provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the &#xA;  goal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Law 5&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The referee]&#xA;  allows play to continue when the team against which an offence has been &#xA;  committed will benefit from such an advantage and penalises the original &#xA;  offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T20:02:28.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12657" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-19T20:57:27.927" Score="4" ViewCount="1858" Body="&lt;p&gt;In golf, does the club shaft increase clubhead speed through shaft flex (shaft kick)? On the downswing, the shaft has a tendency to flex from backwards to forwards. While the shaft is in the process of flexing forward, it could increase clubhead speed (which would then be transferred to the ball). If so, is the amount of increased speed negligible? For example, if the clubhead was moving 100mph, what kind of shaft flex would be necessary to increase the speed of the clubhead to 105mph? Would it even be possible within human constraints?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10454" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T00:34:24.643" Title="In golf, does the club shaft increase clubhead speed through shaft flex?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12108" CreationDate="2015-12-19T23:28:25.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Chris, to answer your question, perhaps the sir felt that since the defender charged the offensive player being mauled (and acted alone), the defender had no intention of properly countering the maul. Tackling a player being mauled so that this player trips, and subsequently trips those mauling him is a bad idea, and a good way to make sir feel as if you're intentionally trying to wreck a maul. Had the defender gone a bit higher in the tackle, and allowed his teammates time to come and help properly counter the maul, perhaps the defending team could've forced a turnover and a restart. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, in some of the games that I've played in, I've seen defenders from my team, simply stay away from the maul, and send a single defender across the game line to steal the ball (because if there is no contest to the maul, then there is no offsides line at the maul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T23:28:25.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10617" CreationDate="2015-12-20T01:28:18.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the comments say, there are rather striking examples of such players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not clear (to me) how to answer the question of &quot;how lopsided&quot; the players you mention are. The natural answer is &quot;very much, compared to other players with similar achievements&quot;. Leaning towards the other end of the spectrum, Santiago Giraldo is well known for having ultra aggressive service returns coupled with an average serve. Less noticeably still, Agassi himself had a rather weak serve, which he made up for with incredible groundstrokes and returns. Fabrice Santoro is an interesting example of a player seemingly without aggressive strokes at all - also an imbalance in a sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference in level between different strokes is just more blatant when it comes to serving because it sets the rhythm at the beginning of the point, which typically doesn't last enough to develop interesting dynamism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T01:28:18.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7101" CreationDate="2015-12-20T01:33:33.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Naturally the answer depends on what you mean by aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The physically safest way to return most serves is by slicing them back with good timing. This puts less strain on tendons and joint than other strokes. As mentioned in the comments, Federer is a prime example of how to seemingly dissipate pace with well timed slices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aggression involving bursts of rage and violence from the opponent is best countered with a well placed smash right in the other guy's hea-&lt;em&gt;cough&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T01:33:33.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7102" CreationDate="2015-12-20T01:42:31.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a subtle question because it depends - as everything else in tennis - what kind of ball you have to deal with and what you aim to do with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Human beings - i.e not Federer - typically block serves with the sole aim of getting the ball back in play, preferably with some depth. Often enough, height is not a crucial factor as long as the ball isn't a total floater. In light of this, the typical footwork for blocking service returns is somewhat docile in practice: most players do not shift their bodyweight forward nor bend their knees very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A typical volley, on the other hand, is hit under very different circumstances and with very different purpose. First of all, they are mostly hit while moving forward, which already determines a lot of the footwork. Second, they are mostly hit close to the net with the ball dropping sharply, so the knees must be bent much more than when returning serve. Lastly, it is often essential to keep your volleys low so as not to give your opponent time and space to generate reasonable pace. But this requires much more purposeful footwork, comprised of many small adjustments to control your center of gravity and momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T01:42:31.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12362" CreationDate="2015-12-20T11:18:10.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The serve, called an &lt;code&gt;ace&lt;/code&gt; if the opponent cannot get his racket on the ball and a &lt;code&gt;service winner&lt;/code&gt; if the opponent reaches it but cannot play it back to opponent's court. In both situations we are talking about the case when the serve goes to the service box of course&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastActivityDate="2015-12-20T11:18:10.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12663" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-20T17:24:59.037" Score="3" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal within the NFL and NCAA rules that the main passer is assigned a halfback or fullback number on the team while the running back is assigned to the quarterback one? For example, could &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Brady&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tom Brady&lt;/a&gt;, a quarterback, be assigned the number 20, which is reserved for running backs (and defensive backs)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T10:49:00.273" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T23:28:10.380" Title="Can a football team assign a HB or FB as passer and QB as Running Back?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12668" CreationDate="2015-12-21T00:17:35.887" Score="6" ViewCount="1682" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a runner gets forward progress out of their end zone but gets pushed back into their end zone and tackled, is he awarded with forward progress or is it a safety? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Team A is on their own 2 yard line and the runner makes it to the 4 yard line before getting pushed back into their end zone.  That runner did not try to re-establish the run and was tackled in their end zone. Is that a safety?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-21T17:15:47.370" LastActivityDate="2015-12-21T17:15:47.370" Title="If a runner gets pushed back into their end zone and does not try to advance again, is it a safety?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3518" CreationDate="2015-12-21T06:01:14.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tesra is actually a cross seaming or scrambled seam delivery. But doosra is a delivery which is built on clockwise and anticlockwise movements. It turns from leg to off stump (for a right-handed batsman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be delivered by two methods:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wrist and back of the hand towards the batsman.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;flicking the ball anticlockwise from the middle and second finger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10502" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T13:27:53.400" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T13:27:53.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12704" CreationDate="2015-12-21T15:24:57.087" Score="-3" ViewCount="1899" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Yonex:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AC TR&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AS 10&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AS 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AS 30&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AS 40&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AS 50&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and Victor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pro Court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Queen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Special&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maxima&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Service&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Champion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Master ACE&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are these shuttlecocks comparable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9383" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T20:03:07.367" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T20:03:07.367" Title="How are Yonex and Victor feathered shuttlecocks comparable?" Tags="|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-01-05T13:33:14.983" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12664" CreationDate="2015-12-21T16:04:19.230" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 7, Section 2: Dead Ball covers this.  There is no specific rule regarding safeties, because there's no need for one: forward progress applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 2 Dead Ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Article 1: Dead Ball Declared. An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended: (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(b) when a runner is held or otherwise restrained so that his forward progress ends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Safety rule is actually pretty specific anyway: it must be carried behind the goalline by &lt;em&gt;an impetus by a team&lt;/em&gt;, meaning, an intentional act (not being driven backwards).  Rule 11, Section 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 5 - SAFETY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. SAFETY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;It is a Safety:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;if the offense commits a foul in its own end zone or;&#xA;    when an impetus by a team sends the ball behind its own goal line, and the ball is dead in the end zone in its possession or the ball is out of bounds behind the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So no, that would not be a safety, if in the view of the officials the runner's forward progress ended in the field of play beyond his goal line.  Of course, if the officials believed that he intentionally backed up to try and gain further yardage, they could rule it a safety; forward progress is a judgement call on the part of the official (though usually a clear one).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-21T16:04:19.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12671" CreationDate="2015-12-22T03:43:47.673" Score="4" ViewCount="4451" Body="&lt;p&gt;With respect to all of the recent headlines regarding FIFA, Sepp Blatter, and corruption, there are several aspects that don't make sense to me.  For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why does FIFA have the power to conduct trials, issue fines and bans, and otherwise exercise powers that are generally reserved for the judiciary branch of a sovereign government, and from whence does this power over private individuals derive?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How can FIFA ban someone from an entire sport? What does being banned from an entire sport even mean?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If there's such corruption in FIFA, why do football teams allow FIFA to have so much influence over their sport in the first place instead of just looking elsewhere and/or doing their own thing?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Who gave FIFA control of all of football in the first place?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why is nobody proposing a world where people continue playing football, without FIFA?  That seems like such an obvious solution to the corruption issue to me, but I'm guessing in actual fact it's not?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone shed some light upon what's going on, and especially upon the background details about how/why FIFA wields so much influence over an entire sport (and continues to do so, despite such obvious corruption)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8934" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-24T01:23:08.360" LastActivityDate="2024-03-08T19:00:56.050" Title="Why does FIFA have so much authority over the entire sport of football?" Tags="|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12670" CreationDate="2015-12-22T06:50:02.263" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA has complete control over all footballing activities in the world since it is the recognized regulatory body for the sport of football. Every sport has its own international regulatory body. For example: International Tennis Federation (ITF) for tennis, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) for athletics, etc. These regulatory(or governing) federations become official only after receiving recognition as the official governing bodies for the sport by the International Olympic Council (IOC). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the official governing body for football, FIFA has the following roles and responsibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA has the duty to maintain top notch standards in soccer. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is tasked with administering the world soccer associations. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is in charge of organizing and promoting the tournaments. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is in charge of governing field matters relating to soccer. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The body is responsible for constant development of soccer. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It relies on the statutes to govern the system. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is also in charge of the Laws of the Game which are maintained by International Football Association Board (IFAB).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In answer to your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIFA has no powers like any judiciary body of a sovereign nation. FIFA can only govern in matters relating to the sport of football. Hence any trials, fines and bans will be in direct relation to the sport of football or footballing activities. FIFA's 'power' over private individuals extends only to their participation in footballing activities, including but not restricted to, playing the game or managing a team in any competitive game and taking part in any form of governance of football related activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Being banned from football means the person is not allowed to take part in any activities pertaining to football, i.e., they cannot hold any positions in football governing bodies, and they cannot be part of a team(player or manager) in any competitive match. They can be allowed to watch football games, if they purchase the tickets privately. Some people might not be allowed to even do that, which means they have been given a 'stadium ban'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As to the corruption, well nobody can do anything about it, except the Ethics Committee in FIFA or the Court for Arbitration in Sport(CAS). Expecting the clubs to do something about FIFA's corruption is like expecting a player to show a red card to a referee in a football match. There is no chance of that scenario occurring whatsoever (even if it does happen, it will only result in the player getting into a lot of trouble). The maximum clubs can do is file a case against FIFA with CAS, although I don't see that happening, since none of the clubs have been directly affected by the corruption that has currently put FIFA in the limelight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIFA was recognized as the world governing body for football by the first few nations to play the sport in the early 1900's. FIFA's position became official upon recognition by the IOC as the the governing body for football in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Asking football to continue without FIFA is like asking for a match to be played without a referee. Apart from the fact that FIFA governs football all over the world, FIFA also organizes tournaments like the World Cup, Youth World Cup, etc and has other roles and responsibilities as described above. A solution to what you are asking would be to disband FIFA and create another regulatory body for football. But the problem here is not FIFA, but the people running FIFA. Hence, even disbanding FIFA would make no sense if the same people are running the new governing body. The real solution is to get rid of the corrupt people, and ensure FIFA is being run in a clean and transparent way. Hence, FIFA President Sepp Blatter and FIFA Vice-President Michel Platini have been given 8 year bans upon being found guilty of corruption by the FIFA Ethics Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T08:46:02.320" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T08:46:02.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12663" CreationDate="2015-12-22T11:02:20.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states in Rule 5, Section 1, Article 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All players must wear numerals on their jerseys in accordance with Rule&#xA;  5, Section 4, Article 3, Item 3. Such numerals must be by playing position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;followed by a list of positions and allowed numbers. (Rule 5, Section 4, Article 3, Item 2 specifies the size etc of numbers on jerseys). Therefore any player who is not wearing an appropriate number is in violation of the rules - however, the rules give no indication of what should happen if a player is wearing the wrong number, but my suspicion is that the NFL would simply not allow the player to be registered with that number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a proviso in the same article that a player who changes position during their career is allowed to keep the same number, so long as they played at least one season in their original position and are not moving from an &quot;eligible receiver&quot; position to an &quot;ineligible receiver&quot; position or vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T23:28:10.380" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T23:28:10.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12670" CreationDate="2015-12-22T16:14:10.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA has the power to do so because the various nations, and by proxy the various players, agree to give it that power.  It is very similar to the NCAA in the US; it has no &quot;legal&quot; authority, and at any point any of its members could simply walk away.  That's not a theoretical point; speculation has been going for years that the European and South American nations might pull out of FIFA in order to form a new body that is more in their favor (as opposed to in the favor of smaller nations, as FIFA was set up to be).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any event, the various nations and leagues agree to give it this power because it serves a useful purpose to them: it is a &quot;neutral&quot; body that can serve to act as judge and jury in disputes between nations, and set ground rules that all can follow.  If FIFA didn't exist, some other body would, and would serve largely the same purposes.  Whether they would have the same issues is an interesting question in and of itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T16:14:10.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12675" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-23T00:17:29.317" Score="0" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many more games should a team expect to win if its offensive rebound rate increases from 25% to 27%, all else equal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10510" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T04:51:38.693" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T05:36:44.030" Title="Offensive Rebound Rate correlation to wins" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-12-28T07:59:00.920" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12675" CreationDate="2015-12-23T05:36:44.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's unlikely offensive rebound rate would increase by two points all else equal; however, given that, a two point increase in the rate is roughly a standard deviation (probably a bit under).  One standard deviation is worth &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.canishoopus.com/2013/9/13/4724112/offensive-rebounds-what-good&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;about 2.56 additional wins&lt;/a&gt; according to one measure, so your two point increase in ORR is probably worth two to two and a half wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T05:36:44.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4287" CreationDate="2015-12-23T17:33:58.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you will find that colour of the ball and lights ARE classified as major differences between T20 and Test cricket. For the ball, tests have shown that the white ball swings more than the red ball (for both the Kookaburra and the Duke ball). And recent arguments about playing Test cricket under lights in Adelaide clearly shows that this makes a big difference for the players - namely that when used in Day/Night form, dew and moisture make handling the ball more difficult for the fielding side, as is adjusting to night conditions under lights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10513" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T17:33:58.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2015-12-24T05:31:45.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a variant of basketball called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-one_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;twenty-one&lt;/a&gt;&quot; which uses a single net. From personal experience it works well in a 2v2v2 scenario. There's a soccer version utilizing a single small goal as well. I've seen the soccer type scaled up to 4v4v4 and still work. These variants are often used as training, helping players deal with being outnumbered during possession and dealing with rapid changes of scenario. Having a single goal is key, as it largely prevents the &quot;gang-up&quot; problem you would see in a situation where you had three teams and three goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another real-life example which stretches your definition of &quot;same time&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/eye-on-baseball/22466897/just-because-june-26-1944-dodgers-vs-yankees-vs-giants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball game played in 1944 which featured three teams&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the realm of fiction, there was a game depicted in a &lt;em&gt;Where's Waldo&lt;/em&gt; book called (I think) &quot;The Great Ball Game,&quot; where four teams compete to throw balls with their respective team color into a single central pit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10515" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T05:31:45.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12321" CreationDate="2015-12-24T07:15:53.427" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this happened once in the IPL. The ball hit the helicam and went for a four, and the batsman was given four runs. It should have been a dead ball but the umpire gave him a bit of a leeway there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10516" LastEditorUserId="10516" LastEditDate="2015-12-24T12:36:34.310" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T12:36:34.310" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12703" CreationDate="2015-12-24T18:04:51.030" Score="5" ViewCount="1012" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to stand in your receiving rectangle for the service. Does this mean that you cannot leave it until you've properly received and sent back the shuttle? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10518" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T17:21:32.130" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T17:21:32.130" Title="In badminton, is it legal to receive a service out of zone?" Tags="|rules|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12685" CreationDate="2015-12-25T18:12:18.327" Score="3" ViewCount="8447" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, are linemen required to use a 3-point-stance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they wanted to, could they stand (without moving) next to the line of scrimmage before the snap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there different requirements for offense and defense in regards to lineman stance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any differences between professional NFL football and college football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T14:58:31.950" Title="Are linemen required to use a 3-point-stance in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13249" CreationDate="2015-12-26T06:27:10.160" Score="0" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was listening to Tom Verducci describe The Mets' Steven Matz and he said he usually only throws about 80 pitches. He then said he shouldn't throw a usual 100 or 110 like Harvey or deGrom. He said he wasn't ready yet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I ask, what does it take in the MLB to throw an extra 20 pitches? I understand the difference between a closer and starter, where you can't burn yourself out with just straight gas, but what does it actually take to throw an extra 20? Does it matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10521" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T13:27:11.340" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:57:34.150" Title="80 as opposed to 100 pitches in training as a starting pitcher" Tags="|baseball|mlb|training|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12682" CreationDate="2015-12-26T22:52:09.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a 3-point stance is not required for offensive linemen. The NFL rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook#section-4-action-at-or-before-the-snap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7.4.2&lt;/a&gt;) cover how a lineman is allowed to switch between a 2-point stance and a 3-point stance before the play (but not the reverse, as that would be a false start).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Item 1. Interior Lineman.&lt;/strong&gt; It is a False Start if an interior lineman (tackle to tackle) takes or simulates a three-point stance, and then changes his position or moves the hand that is on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Item 2. Change of Stance.&lt;/strong&gt; An interior lineman who is in a two-point stance is permitted to reset in a three-point stance or change his position, provided that he resets prior to the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2015 NCAA football rulebook does not mention stances at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But standing straight up would mean terrible leverage for blocking, and crouching for any length of time without flinching is difficult. So most of the time, linemen use a 3-point stance unless they are playing in a hurry-up offense and the ball is snapped quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defensive linemen are not required to be in any stance, or even to stop moving. They can do pretty much whatever they want as long as they don't cause the offense to false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-26T22:52:09.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12686" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-27T17:12:28.527" Score="1" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is physically different from other players like if he has artificial body parts can he play cricket like others in ICC?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T23:30:38.693" Title="Can a disable person play cricket as others play?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12686" CreationDate="2015-12-27T23:30:38.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are cricketers who play with prosthetic limbs, for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-33627406&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tom Carter&lt;/a&gt; who plays recreational cricket in Wales. In the near future, I suspect it's very unlikely that an athletes with a prosthetic limb will compete with able bodied athletes at a much higher level than that due to the limitations that even the best prosthetics place on movement and balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, there are of course various forms of cricket designed for athletes with disabilities, whether they be physical disabilities or mental disabilities; of particular note are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;blind cricket&lt;/a&gt; and deaf cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T23:30:38.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12688" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12720" CreationDate="2015-12-28T02:12:46.993" Score="5" ViewCount="2176" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QB snaps the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Refs call penalty - off-sides, false start, or other line-related penalty&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before or as refs blow whistle, QB drops back 2-4 steps&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After penalty called, QB spikes ball into the ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do quarterbacks do this?  If they do this as a precaution in case there was no penalty, wouldn't they be flagged for intentional grounding? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is a link for intentional grounding as I understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/131/why-isnt-spiking-the-football-intentional-grounding&quot;&gt;Intentional Grounding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T15:32:20.040" Title="Why do NFL QBs spike the ball after penalty causes refs to call play dead?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12690" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12705" CreationDate="2015-12-28T06:32:21.333" Score="0" ViewCount="4508" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are, if they exists, any historical reason why there is not draw in the main US sports (NBA, NFL, NHL, MLB)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that draw is possible in NFL, but this events is so rare that I think is it possible to consider it a sport with &quot;no draw&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T15:44:36.040" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T15:44:36.040" Title="Why no draw in main US sports?" Tags="|rules|history|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12693" CreationDate="2015-12-28T07:13:16.520" Score="2" ViewCount="772" Body="&lt;p&gt;In recent day- night cricket match between AUS&amp;amp;NZ played by pink ball. In Day-Night cricket match the game played by pink ball, so what is the difference in specification in the pink ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T05:50:00.913" Title="Pink ball in cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12694" CreationDate="2015-12-28T09:00:51.413" Score="8" ViewCount="8522" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of week 16 of the 2015 NFL season, the top two AFC West teams are the Broncos and the Chiefs. Specifically: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zLSho.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zLSho.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Broncos 10-4, Chiefs 10-5&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice the x next to the Chiefs indicates they have clinched the playoffs. So they could go 10-6 and still make the playoffs. But with two games left, the Broncos obviously could at worst wind up going 10-6. So both can go 10-6. &lt;strong&gt;Why is KC in but not Denver?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional Info:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently no other wild card team seems to have a chance of attaining a better record than 10-6. As you can see from this table, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9W18L.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9W18L.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Jets 10-5, Steelers 9-6, Bills &amp;amp; Colts 7-8&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the Jets and the Steelers are the only two teams who have a chance to go 10-6. Also note, both of these teams have larger net total points than the Broncos. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T15:43:21.797" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:00:35.913" Title="How can an NFL team with a worse win-loss record than a division rival clinch a playoff berth before their rival?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12691" CreationDate="2015-12-28T09:22:58.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The specifications of a cricket ball are covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 5&lt;/a&gt;, and are the same for all varieties of cricket (ODI, T20, tests etc)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The colour used is a matter of regulation, so the ODI regs specify a white ball, the tests a red ball etc. Therefore a ball that is red in colour is identical in specification to a pink or white one, just the outer leather covering is dyed a different colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T09:22:58.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12692" CreationDate="2015-12-28T09:32:15.990" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: the good divisional record (at worst 4-2) and excellent conference record for the Chiefs (at worst 9-3) means that they win the tiebreakers over the other relevant teams (Broncos, Jets and Steelers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How the Broncos can miss the playoffs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Broncos lose to both the Bengals and the Chargers, while the Chiefs beat the Raiders. The Chiefs win the AFC West with an 11-5 record, while the Broncos are in the wild card mix with a 10-6 record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point, the other important teams are the Jets and the Steelers. The &quot;worst case&quot; scenario for the Broncos is both the Jets and the Steelers winning; in this case, the Jets have an 11-5 record and claim the first wild card spot. The Steelers have the same 10-6 record as the Broncos, but claim the second wild card spot on the basis of their better conference record (7-5 vs 6-6).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why the Chiefs always make the playoffs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Chiefs win their final match, they are 11-5. At this point, they are either AFC West champions or guaranteed to have one of the two best records of non-champions (the only other non-champion which can possibly get to 11-5 is the Jets), so they are guaranteed a playoff spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Chiefs lose their final match against the Raiders, they have a 10-6 record. If the Broncos have lost their final two matches, the Chiefs are AFC West champions on the basis of their better divisional record (4-2 vs 3-3) as the Broncos and Chiefs split their two matches this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Broncos win one of their final two matches, they are 11-5 and AFC West champions, while the Chiefs are in the wild card mix. The important teams are once again the Jets and the Steelers - if they both win, the Jets again claim the first wild card spot at 11-5, and the Steelers are at 10-6. The Chiefs win the tiebreaker on the basis of their better conference record (9-3 vs 7-5). A similar analysis applies if the Jets lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T22:00:35.913" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:00:35.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12696" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12700" CreationDate="2015-12-28T19:38:57.780" Score="2" ViewCount="20225" Body="&lt;p&gt;In any FIFA World Cup or UEFA competition or the Barclays Premier League and other professional football matches, what type of air is the ball filled with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any regulations on the type of air used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10529" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T19:14:43.853" LastActivityDate="2019-05-10T18:27:30.900" Title="What type of gas(if it is not air) is a soccer ball (football) filled with?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12691" CreationDate="2015-12-28T20:10:11.303" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The specifications of red/white/pink or any other official ball used in a match are same.&#xA;But the difference lies in behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pink balls deteriorate more slowly than white balls, but have better night visibility than red balls, making them the most suitable ball for day-night Test cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During trials, players have noted that the pink ball goes soft quickly, and stops swinging early, both of which lead to a holding pattern in which runs are scored slowly and few wickets taken. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pink ball is closer to the red ball than its one-day equivalent white ball.&#xA;The subtle changes relate to how the leather is dyed and the protective film that is added to preserve the pink colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the red, the top coat does scuff off within the first 10 to 15 overs and then the natural fats of the ball are what encourage the later shining. This feature is still possible with the pink ball, however it is harder to shine. This will mean that teams will need to work hard at preserving the condition of the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10529" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T20:10:11.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12701" CreationDate="2015-12-28T20:42:17.283" Score="2" ViewCount="2489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beloved David Shepherd lifted one foot off the ground whenever the score reached 111 (or 222, 333 etc). I mean nelson is supposed to be bad omen for batsman so why He as an Umpire used to do that in a match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10529" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:30:57.713" Title="Why Umpire David Shepherd lifted one foot off the ground at nelson?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|officiating|terminology|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12696" CreationDate="2015-12-28T21:20:38.237" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just plain old regular air. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T21:20:38.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12699" CreationDate="2015-12-28T22:30:57.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is pretty well covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/223098.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo's obituary of Shepherd&lt;/a&gt;; remember that Shepherd was a competent first-class player for Gloucestershire before he was an umpire:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did it become associated with jumping up and down? Supposedly this started in the Gloucestershire dressing room when Shep was a player. Some believed that having no part of your body touching the floor brought better luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shep says: &amp;quot;Whenever I was in the field as a player and the score was 111, I would do a little jump but no one really knew I was doing it except one or two friends. When I did my second Test as an umpire at Edgbaston, in 1985, someone had written in to dear old Brian Johnston and said `Watch this idiot when the score gets on 111.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:30:57.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5174" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:16:51.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about multiplying a players score by the number of times he/she has attended?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of 5 players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player 1 attends 10 matches and scores 100 per match.&#xA;Player 2 attends 4 matches and scores 250 per match.&#xA;Player 3 attends 25 matches and scores 100 per match.&#xA;Player 4 attends 15 matches and scores 150 per match.&#xA;Player 5 attends 50 matches and scores 80 per match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player 1 has (10 x 100) 1000 points.&#xA;Player 2 has (4 x 250) 1000 points.&#xA;Player 3 has (25 x 100) 2500 points.&#xA;Player 4 has (15 x 150) 2250 points.&#xA;Player 5 has (50 x 80) 4000 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rewards players for both their skill and their attendance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T11:16:51.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12681" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:23:23.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Until the service has been struck, a part of both of your feet needs to stay on the same spot on the ground (law §9.1.4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably, this means that the rest of your body may be well outside the rectangle. For instance, top-level Mens Doubles players usually stand just after the front service line and have their racket extended forwards in order to attack the service as early as possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Az8Nn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Az8Nn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Dubai World Superseries Finals 2015 - Finals - Server and Receiver&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the server has hit the shuttle, the receiver is free to move across the whole court. The only restriction is that the receiver's partner may not hit the shuttle. As you can see top-level players are very quick and take short serves &lt;em&gt;well&lt;/em&gt; before the service line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QFtsS.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QFtsS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96h2PoZ6Ap8 @29:17&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T11:23:23.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12667" CreationDate="2015-12-29T12:06:52.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From personal experience, manufacturers seem to be able to sort their best and worst shuttles. Since manufacturing processes are reasonably similar, Victor Master ACE will usually fly better than YONEX AS 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shuttles are tested by the BWF for international events and national/regional associations for their events. As you can see in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/file.aspx?id=473031&amp;amp;dl=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BWF guidelines&lt;/a&gt; these tests focus on shuttle speed and construction, not durability (some national and regional associations may report those too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The BWF maintains a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14913&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list of approved shuttles&lt;/a&gt;, which includes Victor Master Ace, YONEX AS 40, and YONEX AS 50. All of these shuttles are used in international tournaments and therefore of high quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, you can expect roughly similar qualities, but with widely varying details. For example, within the batches I've tested, AS40 certainly beat Master ACE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T12:06:52.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2015-12-29T19:45:19.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think you'll find any explicit historical events or conditions that led to the absence of ties (mostly) in U.S. sports.  I think it's just a product of the sports fans' sentiments that frown upon ties and draws.  For most sports, it's not incredibly difficult to &quot;untie&quot; the game either.  Since baseball is one of the most influential games in American sports history, I have a feeling that sentiment would be a little different if draws were used in the early days of play instead of extra innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The common perception in American is that ties are a waste of time and pointless.  People like things black or white, good or bad, won or lost--ties are a shade of gray that's not very exciting, and excitement is one of the aims of sporting events.  Each game is billed as a contest to determine the better team and American fans don't like inconclusive results.  A lot of people see it this way--why play 2 or 3 hours to a tie when the result is basically the same as if the game was never played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For places around the world where draws are common, there's probably a little more nuance in how to look at this.  A tie could be seen as a good or bad thing depending on the teams and it's all part of a long season.  But Americans are more likely to want to know right now and keep it simple: who won and who lost?  &quot;Neither&quot; just isn't a satisfying reply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T19:45:19.603" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12539" CreationDate="2015-12-29T21:29:22.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 4 Section 8 Article 2 d. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) If a touchdown is made on the last play of a period, the Try attempt shall be made (except during a &#xA;sudden-death period)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/7_2013_Game_Timing.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/7_2013_Game_Timing.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10533" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T21:29:22.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-29T22:54:15.980" Score="3" ViewCount="19554" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the arm protector that is touching the glove of the leading arm in question that is holding the bat, is the catch considered legal, and the batsman out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10534" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-07T20:36:22.833" LastActivityDate="2017-05-08T07:28:56.110" Title="If ball hits the arm protector that is touching the glove holding bat, is it out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12710" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-30T02:04:27.410" Score="3" ViewCount="584" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the common games tie breaker between division teams but what if Team A has played Team C twice (one loss, one win) and Team B has played Team C only once and won?&#xA;Would Team A's pct = .500 while Team B's pct = 1.000 ?&#xA;Do I count both games for Team A or only one (and if so, which one?)&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10535" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-30T14:11:40.873" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T20:27:54.687" Title="Division Tie Breaker - Common Games" Tags="|american-football|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12575" CreationDate="2015-12-30T02:27:52.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a beginner skier, I would recommend renting your equipment, particularly skis until you find the type and length you feel comfortable with.&#xA;You would want to start with a shorter ski until you feel comfortable with that length - nothing can deter a beginning skier faster that skis that are too long for them.&#xA;Once you are in a position to buy, many manufacturers offer 'demo days' where you can try out their different skis at no charge.&#xA;If you have progressed to a point where you're looking to buy, I would recommend starting with boots first as getting a proper fit can be difficult and most reputable ski shops will work with you to get the proper fit.&#xA;It wasn't until I started skiing that I found out I had flat feet, skiing for any length of time was extremely painful for me and I had to get orthotics for my feet. The shop that I purchased them from spent many hours shaving and trimming them until I was comfortable.&#xA;We always considered our boots the most important part of our equipment, when we flew somewhere new to ski, the boots always were 'carried on' the plane...if they lost your skis you could always rent another pair, but losing boots could be a disaster!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10535" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T02:27:52.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2456" CreationDate="2015-12-30T02:47:17.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not think that a different pair of skis is necessary for off piste skiing, rather a different technique.&#xA;Skiing on a groomed trail allows you to use your edges for turning, which are useless in deep powder. You need to keep your skis close together and use them as a platform to push against the powder and make your turns.&#xA;I hope you are an accomplished deep powder skier before you attempt to ski off trail as those trees come up pretty fast!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10535" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T02:47:17.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12691" CreationDate="2015-12-30T05:50:00.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pink and red balls are almost identical. The major difference is between white ball used in ODIs and red balls used in Tests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a batsman's perspective, there are hardly any big differences. A red ball is easier to see against a light background, such as during the day, which is the main reason why they continue to be used in day-only matches. White balls are easier to see against dark backgrounds, such as at night, hence why they are used in day-night matches. Whereas, in case of day-night test matches, the ball is painted pink for easier visibility through the twilight and to preserve the natural wear of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For bowlers, there aren't any major documented differences, though I'm sure there are slight differences between the different paints used that can effect the ball later on in an innings. That said, consistency between the different types of balls has always been a goal when developing them, so this is unlikely to be a major issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference between the pink and the red ball is that a very fine film of extra color of paint is added to the surface of the ball and then the clear cellulose finishes lacquer finishes over the red and pink ball are put.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10536" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T05:50:00.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12709" CreationDate="2015-12-30T05:58:25.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the glove of the batsman and the catch is legal, the batsman is judged OUT. Otherwise, if the ball hits the arm-guard and the catch is taken, the batsman is judged NOT OUT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Caught OUT rules in Cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10536" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T05:58:25.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12505" CreationDate="2015-12-30T06:04:05.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsmen gauge and tap the cricket pitch due to following reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To tap some extra grass on pitch,so that it shall not create uneven&#xA;bounce.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To make the surface even or to remove any stone or any other particle    from the pitch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To nullify the impact bowlers foot marks can cause, if ball is&#xA;pitched there.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10536" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T06:04:05.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12709" CreationDate="2015-12-30T06:12:12.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;NOT OUT&lt;/code&gt; even if arm protector that is touching the glove of the leading arm.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is that &lt;code&gt;OUT&lt;/code&gt; only if ball directly touches glove.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's something like that what if ball touches helmet and bat is in touch of helmet simple thing is that ball should touch bat or glove Hope you understand better...!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10377" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T06:12:12.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-30T11:23:34.093" Score="3" ViewCount="1626" Body="&lt;p&gt;The all teams playing in ODI &amp;amp; T20 cricket are not able to play test cricket.&#xA;so, which conditions as per ICC norms are to be fulfilled by national team/board to get the status of test playing nation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T21:57:13.943" Title="How do national teams get status to play in test cricket by ICC?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12718" CreationDate="2015-12-30T11:26:43.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no fixed standard; it's a matter of showing over a number of years that the team would have the ability to be competitive at the very top level of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T11:26:43.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12688" CreationDate="2015-12-30T16:03:07.583" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In high school football my coach told me to do it as a safety measure. Players on defense are trained to go after the ball and to be careful about touching the QB when he isn't in possession of the ball. Spiking the ball reinforces the notion that the play is dead. As a player you're very tuned into the sound of the ref's whistle. Most players stop immediately when they hear it, so the spike is for those who &quot;didn't get the memo.&quot; Even at the high school level I've never seen a quarterback spike the ball in error after thinking a penalty was called when it really wasn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10515" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T16:03:07.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12710" CreationDate="2015-12-30T20:27:54.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't specify which sport or league you're interested in, but I'm assuming it's the NFL since I know that's a criterion used there.  If that's the case then by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL's tiebreaking procedure&lt;/a&gt;, they use the &quot;best won-lost-tied &lt;strong&gt;percentage&lt;/strong&gt; in common games.&quot;  For your example, Team B would then win the tie-breaker.  I think this makes perfect sense, too, and would expect to see the same method used for any other league that uses this criterion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T20:27:54.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12723" CreationDate="2015-12-31T05:41:12.050" Score="2" ViewCount="10343" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm still learning the basics of baseball, so please excuse my ignorance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is pitched through the strike zone, but the catcher doesn't catch the ball, does this count as a ball or strike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8861" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T13:05:55.680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T13:19:02.113" Title="Ball goes through the strike zone, but the catcher doesn't catch the ball?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12722" CreationDate="2015-12-31T13:13:46.943" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to MLB's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/definition_terms_2.jsp&quot;&gt;definition of terms&lt;/a&gt;, a strike is a pitch in which &quot;any part of the ball passes through any part of the strike zone&quot; and called by the umpire, regardless of whether the catcher catches the ball or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An instance in which this is significant is when it is the third strike. If the catcher doesn't catch the third strike, the batter can become a runner (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/batter_6.jsp&quot;&gt;rule 6.09 (b)&lt;/a&gt; quoted below). Base runners, if any on base, can also attempt to proceed when the catcher doesn't catch the ball, but this is more common on wild pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A STRIKE is a legal pitch when so called by the umpire, which -- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Is struck at by the batter and is missed;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Is not struck at, if any part of the ball passes through any part of the strike zone;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) Is fouled by the batter when he has less than two strikes;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) Is bunted foul;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e) Touches the batter as he strikes at it;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(f) Touches the batter in flight in the strike zone; or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(g) Becomes a foul tip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.09 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batter becomes a runner when -- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) The third strike called by the umpire is not caught&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;providing (1) first base is unoccupied,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;or (2) first base is occupied with two out;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T13:19:02.113" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T13:19:02.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12725" CreationDate="2016-01-01T06:53:45.307" Score="1" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football(soccer), we often see defenders heading the ball almost 25-30 yards, and seemingly light touches taking the ball very high. It's also said that the football is very light and hence is difficult to keep low while shooting. Why is that? Is the ball filled differently? Or are those balls made in a different way? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10516" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T08:08:03.070" Title="How can footballers head or hit the ball so high?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12724" CreationDate="2016-01-01T08:08:03.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no fundamental difference in the ball or anything else - professional players just have (much) better technique than you or me, so everything just happens much faster, and speed speeds height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T08:08:03.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10765" CreationDate="2016-01-01T13:10:09.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should look at using some body weight exercises like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;push-ups - will develop different upper body muscles depending on width/direction of your hands on the floor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;squats - will develop thigh/glutes strength for jumping&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;calf raises - will develop your calf muscles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playdoh - Might seem like an odd suggestion but manipulating playdoh will help build wrist/forearm strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to strength training, you should also look at plyometrics for improving quickness. Exercises like box/squat jumps will help utilising the strength you have developed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T13:10:09.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-02T00:33:29.163" Score="4" ViewCount="4670" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL and presumably in most football leagues, the goal lines, yard lines, and hash marks are all four inches wide.   The hash marks/yard lines are&#xA;painted at 36-inch intervals; that is, they are 32 inches apart so that they mark exactly one yard each.   Easy enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, doesn't this make the field between goal lines exactly 99 yards and 32 inches from goal line to goal line?  It is &lt;em&gt;less than&lt;/em&gt; one hundred yards, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since that cannot be,  I must conclude that the &lt;strong&gt;rear&lt;/strong&gt; of the defensive goal line is the actual defensive goal line. &lt;strong&gt;Am I right?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Come to think of it, this would be consistent with how balls are spotted.   On a touchback, for example, the ball is spotted with the nose just kissing the back edge of the 20-yard line. Thus a ball spotted at the one-yard line would just kiss the painted hash mark, and so a ball spotted at the one-inch line would be three inches behind the front of the goal line, which we normally think of as &amp;quot;in the end zone,&amp;quot; but it must not be so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose it would only matter in the question of a loss of yards from scrimmage or a terrible kick return within four inches of the goal line.  If a ball carrier is down by contact with the nose of the ball spotted three inches behind the front plane of the defensive team's goal line, this must not be a safety/touchback, right? That is, the ball &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; be spotted for a play from scrimmage with its nose at three inches behind the front of the painted goal line (one inch from the back of the painted goal line), from which the offense would have to advance 99 yards and 35 inches for a touchdown.  Is this right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C75VHclQRlM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;It was very nearly relevant in this play&lt;/a&gt;, but instead the officials ruled it down at the half-yard line.  The commentators said &amp;quot;the entire ball has to get out of the end zone&amp;quot; but I don't see why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2022-11-07T17:54:43.560" LastActivityDate="2022-12-31T04:46:20.687" Title="Football field: Defensive goal line &quot;plane&quot; is actually the back of the painted line?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12738" CreationDate="2016-01-02T10:46:37.443" Score="4" ViewCount="8113" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often in international test cricket the captain that wins the toss chooses to bat first. This is largely because the pitches tend to deteriorate meaning batting becomes more difficult and going first is an advantage. I wonder though, how much of an advantage is it to win the toss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What percentage of test matches end with the team that won the the toss winning the the match? (How does this compare to the percent won teams losing the toss, and matches drawn?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the average run score for teams who win the toss and teams that loose the toss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*I'm after figures for the team winning the toss, not the team batting first - occasionally the toss winning captain will choose to bat second! However, it would be interesting to compare the figures for times toss winners bat first and second too!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T11:26:17.337" Title="How valuable is winning the coin toss in test cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12732" CreationDate="2016-01-02T15:30:44.477" Score="2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Matsui&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hideki Matsui&lt;/a&gt;, a Japanese player, played for a Japanese baseball team, then the New York Yankees for several years, then several more U.S. teams. On July 28, 2013, he signed a final one day contract with the Yankees, in order to retire as a Yankee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How, if at all, did that affect the Yankees' 40 man roster? 1) Did they pick a day when they had only 39 men because of injuries or other reasons, making Matsui the 40th for one day? 2) Is there a &quot;window&quot; of say, 24 hours whereby the Yankees could temporarily have 41 men, as long as Matsui leaves within that window? 3) Or did the Yankees actually have to make a roster move to accommodate Matsui.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T15:08:20.230" Title="How did Hideki Matsui's &quot;one day&quot; signing affect the Yankees' 40-man roster?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12728" CreationDate="2016-01-03T14:59:54.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A touchdown is actually when a ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line. So to answer at least a part of the question, as soon as the ball goes into the white line at all, it's a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A safety is basically the inverse of this. The ball is considered in the end-zone until the entire ball is in the field of play (beyond the plane of the white line of the end zone.) So if the spot of the ball leaves any part of the ball on the white line at all, it's a safety. That is my interpretation at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been using this resource: &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook#section-5-safety&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook#section-5-safety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10548" LastEditorUserId="10548" LastEditDate="2016-01-04T01:27:40.510" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T01:27:40.510" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12730" CreationDate="2016-01-03T15:08:20.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/31/sports/the-one-day-contract-a-last-hurrah-for-athletes.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; explains the &quot;one-day minor league contract&quot;&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Matsui&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; Matsui signed, for a Yankees affiliate. This did not affect the Yankees' 40-man roster&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/just-a-bit-outside/story/the-full-meaning-of-signing-a-minor-league-deal-021315&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In baseball, the one-day contract is typically a minor league deal.&#xA;  The Yankees, for example, would have needed to clear a spot on their&#xA;  40-man roster to actually sign Matsui this week, so there was a bit of&#xA;  stagecraft at work. An announcement that Matsui was retiring as a&#xA;  member of the Trenton Thunder would have carried considerably less&#xA;  heft, though it probably would have been more accurate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T15:08:20.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12737" CreationDate="2016-01-04T01:42:00.027" Score="4" ViewCount="1464" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it that some college athletes can be 25, 26 years old while most are the age that you would expect of people recruited out of high school? (18-22)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10548" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T06:04:58.203" Title="How are some college athletes several years older than the rest?" Tags="|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12762" CreationDate="2016-01-04T03:40:03.693" Score="9" ViewCount="2478" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently joined a competitive basketball city league, and I've been dealing with some &quot;cheap&quot; stuff on the court - pulling on my jersey, pulling on my arms before a rebound (I'm taller than average), etc. The refs aren't calling this; I assume they aren't seeing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't played much competitive basketball. I would like to know if it is something I should always expect. It seems &quot;below the belt&quot;. Also, how do I overcome this sort of stuff. I'm getting a little frustrated, I want to be more effective, and I'm not getting much coaching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10553" LastEditorUserId="10553" LastEditDate="2016-01-04T19:35:25.390" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T13:57:52.563" Title="Dealing with &quot;cheap&quot; opponents" Tags="|rules|basketball|sports-psychology|etiquette|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-04T04:32:09.463" Score="5" ViewCount="1798" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the likelihood of refs getting a fumble recovery call right does not depend on which team recovers it. Sure there are simple fumbles where there's no scrambling for the ball and most of those are offensive recoveries but those reviews will be real quick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10554" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T18:40:41.503" Title="Why are fumbles in the NFL automatically reviewed when the result is a turnover but not when the fumbling team recovers the ball?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12734" CreationDate="2016-01-04T06:04:58.203" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Students are permitted to participate in college athletics at any age as long as they follow the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most relevant rule for NCAA Division I athletes is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web1.ncaa.org/LSDBi/exec/bylawSearch?bylawSearchSubmit=Get%20Selected%20Items&amp;amp;multiple=731&amp;amp;division=1&quot;&gt;Five-Year Rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Title:&lt;/strong&gt; 12.8.1 - Five-Year Rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A student-athlete shall complete his or&#xA;  her seasons of participation within five calendar years from the&#xA;  beginning of the semester or quarter in which the student-athlete&#xA;  first registered for a minimum full-time program of studies in a&#xA;  collegiate institution, with time spent in the armed services, on&#xA;  official religious missions or with recognized foreign aid services of&#xA;  the U.S. government being excepted.  For international students,&#xA;  service in the armed forces or on an official religious mission of the&#xA;  student’s home country is considered equivalent to such service in the&#xA;  United States. &lt;em&gt;(Revised:  4/2/10, 7/31/14)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most students follow the traditional path of high school followed by college, and so the Five-Year Rule means that their eligibility ends around age 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BYU frequently has athletes who complete a two-year mission in-between high school and college, and so often their roster contains older players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brandon Weeden, born October 14 1983, didn't register for college until 2007 (as identified in mastermind_ed's comment), so his clock didn't start until he was age 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T06:04:58.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12729" CreationDate="2016-01-04T10:03:37.260" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's more than one question here. Normally I'd point you to Cricinfo, where you could work this out, but here goes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What percentage of test matches end with the team that won the the toss winning the the match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Win toss, win match - 34.8043% - source: totals from &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;template=results;toss=1;type=team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo Statsguru query&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lose toss,win match - 31.2556% - source: totals from &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=won;template=results;toss=2;type=team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo Statsguru query&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Win toss, draw match - 33.7579% - source: totals from &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;template=results;toss=1;type=team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo Statsguru query&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lose toss,draw match - 33.7579% - source: totals from &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=won;template=results;toss=2;type=team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo Statsguru query&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the same queries above, the average score for sides winning the toss is 31.71, which for sides losing the toss it's 31.9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T10:03:37.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12984" CreationDate="2016-01-04T14:54:56.630" Score="6" ViewCount="1180" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a session of free swimming into italian public pool is good practice to occupy always the right side of the lane. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know if it is related to the way of driving car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Country like UK, Australia and Japan, where you drive at the left, is there a common behaviour? Which side you tend to swim if you have to share the lane with other athletes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T02:10:38.813" Title="Lane occupancy in swimming" Tags="|trivia|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-01-04T15:54:31.573" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Competitive sports will be like this.  Learning to deal with cheap shots will just be another skill to pick up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opponents pull cheap shots for two reasons:  to create actual game play advantage and rattle you.  In the sports I've played cheap shots meant to rattle the opposing player are often legal even if they are cheap.  Referees are not there to make sure we play like ladies and gentlemen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the three tricks I picked up from captains, referees, psychologists, and sports articles that have helped me the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cue phrase&lt;/strong&gt;:  Pick something to repeat like a mantra when you encounter unsportsmanlike play.  Pick something that is useful to your sport to refocus your energy away from the other player and back to the game.  Mine is &quot;Get to the front.&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poker face&lt;/strong&gt;:  If your opponent can see that he is annoying you with antics, he will continue them.  He will continue them even if your only response is acknowledgement.  I de-personalize opposing players.  They are just there, like the ball or boundaries.  Let nothing show on your face. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prepare&lt;/strong&gt;:  Think about what you will do when someone engages in cheap play.  We prepare for different things that happen in play and this is just one more thing to prepare for.  And then practice makes permanent.  If there is something in particular that really irks you, you can have teammates do the same thing in warm up and practice so you can work out how you want to respond.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found the following articles helpful:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stack.com/a/sports-anger-management&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.stack.com/a/sports-anger-management&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://devzone.positivecoach.org/resource/video/how-handle-opponents-unsportsmanlike-behavior&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://devzone.positivecoach.org/resource/video/how-handle-opponents-unsportsmanlike-behavior&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T13:57:52.563" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T13:57:52.563" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12736" CreationDate="2016-01-04T16:04:18.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two aspects to consider in a play with a possible fumble: 1. was there a fumble or was the ball carrier down? and 2. if there was a fumble, who recovered it?  Now think about how often the on-the-field ruling is correct for each of those aspects--how often are they overturned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find any data to back it up, but I think that when there is a fumble, the ruling of who recovers it is correct a very high percentage of the time (or at least is rarely overturned).  The ruling of whether or not a player is down before losing the ball is more likely to be a close call, unclear, and sometimes overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a fumble is ruled on the play, either the defense is ruled to recover it (the impact on the game is very high) or the offense is ruled to recover it (low impact on the game compared to if there had been no fumble--maybe a little field position but that's it).  Assuming that the officials are usually right about who recovers a fumble, any review is more likely than not going to be focused on whether there really was a fumble in the first place.  For the high impact plays where the defense recovers, this is worth looking at.  For the low impact plays where the offense recovers, it's maybe not worth the time to look at all of them and coaches are still able to challenge the play if they think the officials got it wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the important point is that officials are more likely to have been correct in deciding which team recovered a fumble than they are to have been correct in ruling whether a fumble took place.  When you take that assumption, these plays are only then worth reviewing when the (assumed) &quot;correct&quot; call of the officials is a recovery by the defense because that play has real significance on the outcome of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T16:04:18.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12751" CreationDate="2016-01-04T17:46:55.803" Score="3" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some questions about interchangeability of referees and assistant referees:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are referees exclusively referees and assistant referees exclusively assistant referees? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can assistant referees officiate football games under normal or under some special circumstances, and vice-versa?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a difference in rules of how referees and assistant referees are chosen / appointed between countries or level of competition? Or is this governed by FIFA and standardized?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking this because I never saw an assistant referee in the role of the main referee or vice-versa. This obviously watching the top-level leagues only, so I might be missing something - let me know if that's the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10558" LastEditorUserId="10558" LastEditDate="2016-01-04T20:24:45.790" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T08:22:43.720" Title="Interchangeability of referees and assistant referees" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12740" CreationDate="2016-01-04T19:40:46.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every time I've seen lanes used in the UK, they have always &lt;em&gt;alternated&lt;/em&gt; between &quot;swim clockwise&quot; and &quot;swim anticlockwise&quot;. This has the advantage that swimmers in alternate lanes are swimming in the same direction, which reduces the amount of splashing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T19:40:46.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12745" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12893" CreationDate="2016-01-04T20:23:33.213" Score="3" ViewCount="1267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some questions about referees and assistant referees:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I assume there's a difference in knowledge / experience between these, correct? I.e. it's not just rolling a dice to decide which one is a referee or an assistant referee?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are they able to get promoted from being assistant referees to referees, similar to e.g. how an assistant professor can become a professor?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it a different &quot;track&quot;, analogous to e.g. doctors / nurses?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly asking because I only see them in one role, so I was wondering why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10558" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T23:29:58.047" Title="Differences between referees and assistant referees" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12745" CreationDate="2016-01-04T23:12:02.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well I imagine that these rules/regulations might be different for different sports. In my experience playing rugby, a European sport, at the lower levels (league games and exhibition matches) referees and assistant referees are interchangeable (I've seen guys be the head referee of a match one week, then be an assistant referee at a match the next week). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have noticed that as the games get bigger (e.g., televised national tournament/championship matches) the head and assistant referees tend to be picked from the same group. Just look at international rugby - Nigel Owens is virtually always the head sir of some huge match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But like I mentioned, this is just one sport. I'd be curious to know how this works for American sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T23:12:02.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12748" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12754" CreationDate="2016-01-05T04:07:06.133" Score="8" ViewCount="5021" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 35 y/o non-athletic male with an average body. I have never skated before (neither board nor blades) and have not done surfing either. I would like to give these sports a go but am concerned about potential injuries (both physical and emotional) while learning. I have seen people who are older than me and still surf (not sure about skateboarding though) but they have probably been doing this for a long time. I, on the other hand will be starting from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this age suitable/safe for such sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10564" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T07:25:38.700" Title="Is 35 too old to learn to skateboard and water surfing?" Tags="|skateboarding|surfing|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12743" CreationDate="2016-01-05T08:22:43.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just going from what i've seen happen so far and what's common to my knowledge:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Belgium and most countries/top leagues a normal game has 4 officials: 1 referee, 2 assistant referees and 1 &lt;em&gt;extra&lt;/em&gt; assistent referee handling the subsitutions, keep coaches in their box,... &#xA;The &lt;em&gt;extra&lt;/em&gt; assistant referee here in Belgium, at top level at least, is always a &lt;em&gt;normal&lt;/em&gt; referee. So if something happens(=injury) to the main referee he is the substitute. He will also be the substitute if something happens to an assistant referee. So they are somewhat interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But mostly, referees are more or less fixed trios where everyone has his fixed assignment as either referee or assistant referee. These will not change. The league will then appoint an additional fourth member that has no other game to officiate that day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for assistant referees taking over a referee's position, yes it is possible, but not common as in professional games their would have to happen at least 2 injuries before it would be up to one of them. They would also know the rules ofcourse. So they should be able to pick up the role in rare instances. But AFAIK I've not seen it happen. Somewhat the other way around, by means of the extra 'main referee', I have seen happen in both instances. These being replacing a main referee or an assistant referee after them being injured. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;yes they are&lt;/strong&gt;. But as you may guess, it won't be optimal as the assistant referee has no/less experience in the main referee's role and the main referee will probably be less trained in offside situations (and is less used to waving a flag instead of blowing his whistle).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T08:22:43.720" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12764" CreationDate="2016-01-05T10:59:51.210" Score="5" ViewCount="1395" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am the captain of a quidditch team, &quot;muggle quidditch&quot; if you prefer, experiencing a few more or less regular issues with some of my players.&#xA;We play a recent sport that puts together athletes from very different backgrounds, I believe this makes it in some ways comparable to youth leagues: while the average player is a college student, most teams don't have a coach, or the coach is just another player, or someone of similar age and experience as other players in the team. This lack of the typical authoritative figure exacerbates problems that are normally solved by the presence of the coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for an example of the problematic &quot;types&quot; of players, I found myself with...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Experienced athletes who have played other competitive sports and&#xA;have an ego problem.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Experienced athletes who have occasional&#xA;instinctive outbursts towards opponents and teammates, but otherwise&#xA;fit in well. In other words, normal athletes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Less experienced&#xA;athletes who may be more or less good, with some previous sports&#xA;experiences - generally at amateur level - who overestimate their&#xA;abilities.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unexperienced players at their first sporting experience.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on the field 1. and 2. don't mix well with 3. and 4.: the latter don't react well to the more experienced athletes' yelling, sometimes resulting in a buildup of tension, back and forth yelling, loss of concentration, in other cases loss of confidence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on and off the field 1., 3. and 4. don't always react well to constructive criticism from teammates and respond either aggressively or by ignoring directions; in the case of 4. specifically, more often than not they'll make up excuses for not trying something, or after failing a first time, and lose confidence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I promote and insure a better cooperation for team members and minimize conflict among these different types of players? Is there any method normally used by coaches/captains?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T13:21:48.627" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T22:43:46.573" Title="Dealing with tension and poor behaviour among teammates" Tags="|team-dynamics|sports-psychology|etiquette|quidditch|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12752" CreationDate="2016-01-05T11:40:07.947" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been through this kind of issue with other sports, and the best solution I know of is to make it clear &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; you're playing the game. That may sound obvious, but once you get round to asking people, you discover that they actually have significantly different motivations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players are there because they want to play the game at the highest level they can and win matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players are there because they think Quidditch is a fun thing to play, even if they're not very good at it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players are there because they want to get fitter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players are there because they enjoy the social aspect of the club, and don't worry too much about what actually happens in the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing to remember is that all these are perfectly valid reasons for playing a sport - but the problem is, as you're discovering, it doesn't always work to have people from different categories playing on the same team. The classic example for any &quot;recreational&quot; club is do you always play your best players, or do you rotate the team a bit, even if it means you don't do as well in matches? There's no right answer to that question: it all depends on what your members want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you've worked out the &quot;ethos&quot; of your club, it's then up to the coach (or other clearly designated people) to enforce that ethos: for example, if you decide that you're really just a social club and one of your members is taking the game a bit &quot;too seriously&quot;, somebody needs to have a word with them and ask them to relax a bit. Similarly, if you decide you're a more competitive club and a member isn't putting in the required effort, somebody needs to have a word with them and ask them to try a bit harder. In both cases, you have to be prepared to &quot;pull the trigger&quot; if they're not prepared to fit in and tell them that they're not welcome any more. That's always a tough thing to do, but it's the right thing to do if there isn't a fit between a specific person and the club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For what it's worth, I've never actually had to ask someone to leave. Generally it becomes pretty obvious when there's a bad fit between a person and a club and they leave at least mostly amicably. And yes, I have once been the person that left when I didn't fit into a club).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other option is to try to maintain some sort of balance so that everyone gets some time where they get to work on whatever's the important thing for them: for example, you could spend a bit of time working on &quot;skill based&quot; drills for those people that want to improve their skills, a bit of time working on fitness for other people, a bit of time in some deliberately casual gameplay for some of the more casual players, and then a bit of time in the pub after the training session :-) The trick here is to make it clear what you're doing in every drill and why you're doing it - hopefully then people will fit into the &quot;mentality&quot; of the drill and (e.g.) those more casual players will put in a bit of extra effort during the skill drills and the more competitive players will go a bit easy during the casual gameplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T13:56:11.327" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T13:56:11.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12748" CreationDate="2016-01-05T11:49:54.227" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;35 is definitely not too old to take up a new sport, and that includes relatively &quot;rough&quot; sports like surfing or skateboarding. As with anything though, don't be stupid about it: take it easy at first, and don't expect to be able to pull the same tricks that the 16 year olds who have been riding since they could walk in a few weeks, or possibly even ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So long as you don't push yourself &lt;em&gt;too&lt;/em&gt; far beyond your boundaries and you take appropriate safety measures for whatever sport you're participating in then there shouldn't be too much risk of physical injury. The mental side is pretty much up to you and your personality: if you're the kind of person who doesn't take failure well, then skateboarding might not be the right sport for you as you're going to fail a lot, fall over a lot and probably look quite silly a lot while you're learning. If you're the kind of person who sees failure as a learning experience, then you're good to go :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T11:49:54.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9231" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:08:33.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;My pro would not advocate changing the grip in terms to produce different shots intentionally as the inconsistency of a changing grip at a low amateur level would outweigh any benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we have recently been working on grip and can certainly confirm that certain hand positions can very much prevent a full range of motions which would make it easier/harder to hit certain types of shots (all other things remaining the same).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are so many variables in the golf swing that I'd rather not introduce more! so unless you're a very good golfer my advice would be to rule one out and try to have a consistent grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, many people would advocate changing stance or gripping down to produce different shots, so as above, if you're very good and don't suffer any consistency issues then why not!?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:08:33.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12756" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:10:06.473" Score="12" ViewCount="1427" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player receives a yellow card in a game, then a red card in another game (serves a 1 match suspension) then receives another yellow card in a later match. Does he have serve a suspension for the next match because of 2 yellow cards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10570" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-01-08T08:33:16.790" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T20:33:48.470" Title="1 yellow, 1 red &amp; 1 yellow card" Tags="|rules|football|suspension|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10787" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:16:25.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wording of the rule specifies a mown area, as Philip mentions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, that would include any area of the course which meets those conditions which is in bounds, as a result I'd imagine that to include other fairways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, common sense may dictate that the mown area is designed in the rules to be indicative of an area close to the ideal target area (fairway, fringe etc) and that may rule out areas which are not close to the ideal, or intended target line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add further ambiguity, we have a couple of fairways which are close to fairways in the other direction, some of which give a better line to the flag which &lt;code&gt;could&lt;/code&gt; be specifically targeted and some which are shared, so there isn't a specific line between hole 1 and 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The golf rules are usually very specific to ban things which aren't allowed, so I'd probably take the approach that if it's not forbidden it's allowed! (I'd let you take a preferred lie in my group!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:16:25.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10619" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:27:51.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You mention pro competitions and 'social' games, but not amateur competitions like a monthly medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the reason in amateur competitions is to allow an &quot;even&quot; playing field, so this point is correct in that context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it because it's a social way to give the weaker player an even chance to &quot;win?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would also be the case in social situations, bets or money don't need to be involved (sometimes pride is all that's at stake!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of my friends play a little golf, but aren't members of clubs so don't have competition handicaps, with these guys we tend to use apps like GolfShot or Swing by Swing to keep a track of their scores to give them an 'accurate' handicap which we use in social comps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastEditorUserId="10568" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T16:12:13.357" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T16:12:13.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3815" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:36:51.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing to stop you playing the 'wrong' fairway if you wish providing it is in bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an amateur situation this is likely to be a misplaced shot, but there are examples in the pro game where players hit the wrong fairway intentionally. I believe there is a hole at St.Andrews which is a good example of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etiquette wise, it may be frowned upon a little, but I think if you're accurate enough to do this without endangering anyone and perceive there to be an advantage it's not much different from hitting a high shot over a corner to reduce the hole length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastEditorUserId="10568" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T16:12:53.390" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T16:12:53.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12760" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12882" CreationDate="2016-01-05T13:45:57.040" Score="6" ViewCount="1502" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I order Titleist Pro V1s and V1xs from eBay. They are great golf balls, in my opinion, without the cost of buying them out-of-the-box (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.titleist.com/golf-balls/Pro-V1-Pro-V1x.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MSRP: $62 USD&lt;/a&gt;). I'm not an expert golfer, but I have noticed a difference between inexpensive golf balls bought new at the store and Titleist Pro V1s and V1xs. Moreover, between the Golf Digest &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfdigest.com/gallery/hot-list-golf-balls&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;hot list&lt;/a&gt; (that spotlights different golf balls and is released annually) and this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfalot.com/buyingguides/golfballs.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;golf ball buying guide&lt;/a&gt;, different types of golf balls are constructed differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How can I choose a type of golf ball to play with?&lt;/strong&gt; Is there a way to determine what type of golf ball is best suited for my game? (ie, if I can use improved performance around the greens, should I opt for a golf ball designed for feel? or if I can use improved performance off the tee, should I opt for a golf ball designed for distance? or should I opt for a golf ball that provides a blend of both feel and distance?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T13:48:08.850" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T18:16:26.037" Title="How can I choose a type of golf ball to play with?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12760" CreationDate="2016-01-05T21:04:52.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wondered about this the other day too, should you play to your strengths or try to get a ball which improves upon your weaknesses? both approached have merit in my opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was speaking to one of our Juniors the other who is himself a scratch golfer discussing balls. His opinion was that most mid to high index players don't get all that much benefit from playing super expensive balls if they don't have the swing speed, or touch around the greens to make the most of them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the day, part of a ball choice is about personal preference, do you want a soft feel around the green? or do you want a flyer from your driver with no spin? what would give you most pleasure? How many do you lose? How many can you afford to lose!? it's all preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My pro and a separate fitter have both said to me that scoring is more about your consistency than your best game and have suggested taking a consistent ball can be part of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of buying, I recently moved from playing ProV1 to playing a far less expensive mid range ball from a company called Vice, I would recommend their products as they have a wide range of balls, from the pure distance balls to some very soft feeling ProV1 type balls at a fraction of the price if you order 60+.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Give them a look: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vicegolf.com/uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.vicegolf.com/uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T21:04:52.063" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-01-05T22:12:12.643" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have a good text book answer that you already accepted.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will simply give you my take as a big - 6'3&quot; 200lb point guard - that takes a ton of abuse especially when playing in lower income areas - top city leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are going to get pulled, scratched, elbowed, pushed, whatever.  By just &quot;taking&quot; these actions you are allowing the referee to just ignore them.  It is really easy for a referee to ignore the little things when there is no resistance.  Also if you are playing against these type of players they will only do these actions more if you let them.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I have found that most referees at lower intramural levels call fouls based on the reaction.  So if you get bumped mid air and fall over foul.  If you are much bigger than the other guy and he bounces off you, no foul.  Obviously this is blatantly wrong.  However you are not going to make the referee &quot;better&quot; in one go.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guy pulls your shirt.  Grab your shirt and pull it back.  If you don't have the ball this is a given.  Or you can grab his back.  And if you grab it, grab it.  Don't tug it but give it a hefty grab.  You could certainly use this tactic to slow him down and dart the other way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pushes you in the back.  This usually happens when you box out well.  So instead of pushing your butt back, chomp back with your heels and go after his toes.  This isn't to disable the player, it is to give them something to think about.  I can tell you I instinctively do this once I feel two hands on my lower back during a rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lazily keeps hand on your back at all times or when you have ball away from basket - to manipulate your body (and possibly tug jersey when you take off).  This is illegal.  Refs hardly ever call this on a smaller player.  Chop their arm right at their wrist with your off forearm as you swing around.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pushes your body as you shot.  To me this is one of the cardinal sins of intramural/pickup basketball.  Guys give you a little shove and you don't move much because you are bigger - but your damn shot is always slightly off.  The good news is for a person to do this they have to be playing your pretty close.  I handle this while shooting.  I keep two hands on the shot until the last possible second and push through towards the man.  If they are going in to push my stomach they are going to get a face full of ball or elbow.  The key is to start your shooting motion while cracking the other player on the chin.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples above are just examples.  How extreme you get with them is dependent on how cheap the player is playing and the crowd you are playing with.  Rules I live by (and the first we were taught at referee school):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;always assume negative intent by the player.  If a player does something &quot;wrong&quot; it isn't an accident - in fact there are hardly ever accidents on the court, even the &quot;accidents&quot; have degrees of intent.  They have a mind and body just like you and you are not to be treated inferior because you have more of a conscience.  If someone is so dumb that they truly don't realize what they are doing then you will only be able to rationalize through them with action.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;always assume positive intent by referee.  Most of the time the referee isn't calling things because they don't know better or they feel that it would interfere with the flow of the game.  If a player has their hands on your back and it stops a spin move you should chop their arms away (any good basketball coach will teach you this).  If the referee calls a foul on you don't overreact.  Simply have a small conversation, &quot;Sir, he had two hands on my back and pushed me.  I know I fouled him but his hands were on my back for 5 seconds without a call.&quot;  Sometimes the only way to educate a poor ref is to get fouls called on yourself - this is a long-term approach and obviously should not be played with a minute left in a game down 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;whenever you play against a cheap player - make sure you are guarding the cheap player on the other end.  It is a common ploy for a cheap player to hack the crap out of you and make sure you are not guarding them.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;more than anything else - use the cheap player as motivation.  Play harder and more aggressive the cheaper they act.  This is a skill to bring your game up a notch AND stay under control.  Play harder, not violent.  Run the other player around on offense a bit.  Bump into them.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;all of the advice I gave you in the examples involves skill.  The cheap player is skilled at playing cheap without getting a call against them.  If you are truly skilled you can jamb your arm through his face while putting up a shot, knock him over, and draw the foul - all legally of course :).  Everything takes practice and skill.  I play in leagues in the winter that are about DIII quality of play that are crystal clean.  Guys say sorry after fouling and so forth.  I play in a couple of summer leagues that after a game it looks like I was attacked by a lion.  It might take me a game or two or three to get my groove back in the retaliation department.  It is a defined skill (you are getting outskilled there right now).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key to everything I am saying is use the &quot;cheap&quot; players tactics against them.  Just like in judo every offensive move has a counter.  Your opponent by doing these tactics is taking themselves away from playing sound D or rebounding right.  You must learn to use those things to your advantage.  If you have to step down your game to &quot;take care of a player&quot; then you aren't good enough to handle these things properly - yet.  And I say yet because I would expect if you haven't played organized ball you will have a few missteps/fouls/issues when trying to &quot;legally retaliate&quot;.  You have to take care of yourself on the court and doing nothing will just lead to you not like playing the beautiful game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-01-06T03:06:51.637" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T03:06:51.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12752" CreationDate="2016-01-06T04:01:52.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Philip has a lot of good points.  I am just going to be blatantly honest - and I am coming from an ex college athlete, coach of basketball/football, and played in similar football/basketball leagues myself (and sometimes get suckered into the player/coach role).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First you are playing quidditch.  I highly doubt there are many serious athletes playing in your league.  Don't take offense to this because it honestly looks fun but I have seen local teams play and one serious athlete on the field would make the game comical.  What you have are athletic people, maybe some who have played high school sports, but if you had &quot;serious athletes&quot; then you would be asking a different question (how can we deal with 2 people scoring 90% of the games points).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second you have to determine what the goal of the team is and set ground rules.  And your goal isn't &quot;to have fun&quot;.  Because is it fun to lose by 30 points every game?   Winning cures a lot of team issues.  Losing is hard for some types, devastating for others.  With a diverse group losing and not getting along is a total disaster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What would I do?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Well I would make it clear that the team should try to improve through out the year.  Winning or losing - everyone wants to get better at a new game.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I would make sure that we have a talk as a team and be honest about the diverse abilities.  You don't need to point anyone out.  But I would make sure that there are different types and abilities and they might be treated different.  The fact is it is impossible to not treat them different and by being honest you can weed out the people who will quit or just bitch all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make sure you practice - at least once a week.  A lot of practice should be scrimmaging with as even teams you can make.  By doing this you will get a good idea what you games might look like and you can talk about strategy.  It is very likely during the first couple of practices/games your &quot;athletes&quot; will dominate the balls team structure.  By practicing you can find ways to get others involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You cannot just shackle groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 so that groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 can get &quot;their turn&quot;.  Everyone playing is fine but groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 should obviously be in the game more than the others.  I would emphasize hustling and playing hard with groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 and make sure that if they are working on the field that their playing time increases.  Also you cannot tell groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 to give the ball or whatever to groups 3 &amp;amp; 4.  If a play is logical it is logical  If you have to do something illogical to get someone the ball or &quot;their turn&quot; then they will never learn how to play right and groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 will quit.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The goal with a team like this is after 30-40 games that groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 are integrated.   If you practice more this can maybe be done in 15-20 games.  As a coach it is your job to push groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 hard so that groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 follow their lead.  Groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 don't need to be pushed they just need to understand that if they are just standing around doing nothing, they will be taken out.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 have to realize they aren't as good RIGHT NOW.  But they will never be nearly as good if they don't play with better players.  If you use basketball as an example.  If I have 2 good players on the floor and 3 mediocre players the mediocre players might not get the ball as much or score as much as the good players but they will start to pick up the speed of the game.  And the whole point is, if I have 5 mediocre players on the court against a good team it serves no purpose as they won't be able to do anything.  They will turn the ball over every 10 seconds and get massacred.  Depending on how good your league is having just groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 and everyone &quot;getting along&quot; could end up being a nightmare experience during the games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And I will note that it is a given that you let groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 play more especially at first.  But if you are smoking another team groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 should get a bulk of the playing time.  I would keep 1-2 good athletes on the field at all times to &quot;help&quot; but when you are up big the others get the experience.  If you are playing a far worse team this is a confidence booster for the ones not as athletic.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a coach your biggest tool is playing time.  Mismanaging this can make for a bitter team.  You will have to do a good job at playing groups 3 &amp;amp; 4 a lot less against really good teams at first.  It is useless for them to be on the field if they can't contribute positively.  It is demoralizing.  They will actually learn more watching the habits of good players.  At the same time groups 1 &amp;amp; 2 should play as little as possible against the really bad teams as it isn't rewarding for an athlete to run around slower/clumsy people.  It teaches them nothing and can create tension in your league.  I would treat the beginning 5-10 mins of each game as you were playing a good team no matter what (unless you have played the team before) and then scale down based on score.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-01-06T22:43:46.573" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T22:43:46.573" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12736" CreationDate="2016-01-06T04:14:10.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;All turnovers are reviewed.  Your logic linking fumbles and turnovers is flawed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not review every time a DB might have intercepted the ball using the same logic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL already has guidelines for this.  Each team has two challenges and a third if their first two were right.  I cannot remember one game since replay started that a coach challenged three times and won and there was another blown call. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why aren't all fumbles reviewed?  Because it would be agonizing having to stop the game every time there was a bad snap or missed hand off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T04:14:10.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12756" CreationDate="2016-01-06T09:55:51.340" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;2 yellow cards in different games don't account for suspension, they &lt;strong&gt;need to be in the same game.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, consider this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the EPL, a &lt;strong&gt;straight red card for a professional foul means a one match ban.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;strong&gt;5 separate yellow cards&lt;/strong&gt; accrued before new year also means a one match ban(extended to 10 yellows till April, after new year)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if a player is on 4 yellows, and then gets a straight red, he will be banned for a game. (1 game for a professional foul, 3 games for violent conduct)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he comes back, and immediately gets another yellow, he is banned again for a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10516" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-01-08T08:33:48.167" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T08:33:48.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12756" CreationDate="2016-01-06T13:39:17.587" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As suggested in the comments it depends on what tournaments are you writtend about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Italian Serie A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the player will be disqualifie after the &lt;strong&gt;5th&lt;/strong&gt; yellow cards (since last tournaments it was at the 4th). The second disqualification will be at the &lt;strong&gt;10th&lt;/strong&gt; yellow cards, then at the &lt;strong&gt;14th&lt;/strong&gt;, then at the &lt;strong&gt;17th&lt;/strong&gt;, then at the &lt;strong&gt;19th&lt;/strong&gt;, then every yellow card collected in that tournament (see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/32.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_2529084_StrilloComunicatoUfficiale_lstAllegati_0_upfAllegato.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;art 19 comma 9&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KnXM4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;box in the image below in italian language&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KnXM4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KnXM4.png&quot; alt=&quot;box in the image below&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UEFA&lt;/strong&gt; competitions used to disqualified the players after &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; yellow cards in 3 different matches, than after the &lt;strong&gt;5th&lt;/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;7h&lt;/strong&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;art 49&lt;/a&gt; and the image below) and so on until the semi-final. After the quarter-finals (art 49.04) the yellow cards are reset to do not affect the topics of the tournaments (i.e. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2002/matches/round=1639/match=1044119/postmatch/report/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nedved misses EURO Champions League 2003&lt;/a&gt; and Xabi Alonso misses EURO Champions League final in 2014) &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t06Jq.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t06Jq.png&quot; alt=&quot;image below&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T20:33:48.470" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T20:33:48.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12736" CreationDate="2016-01-06T18:40:41.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Automatically reviewed plays are plays that have clear, significant impact on the game.  As Coach-D noted, you can't review everything - it would take too long.  As such, turnovers and scoring plays are subject to automatic review, because they have significant impact on the game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you're sort-of-asking, I think, is that since this is a &lt;em&gt;potential&lt;/em&gt; turnover, why isn't it reviewed if it's ruled not a turnover?  The same question is possible for almost-scoring plays: if a runner is ruled down at the 1 foot line, there's no review even if he might have scored (unless the coach throws his flag).  The answer is simply that they aren't because they're not ruled as turnovers or scoring plays.  That's what the coach's flags are for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T18:40:41.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12770" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13269" CreationDate="2016-01-07T04:07:28.163" Score="3" ViewCount="10876" Body="&lt;p&gt;I bought used cross country skis that have SNS Pilot bindings on them, and I also bought NNN boots. What equipment do I need to swap the SNS bindings for NNN bindings? And how do I do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've searched the web, and I found many results about how to mount bindings on new skis, but I couldn't find any instructions for swapping bindings on used skis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, if there is epoxy, do I need a solvent to release the epoxy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10576" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-01-30T13:30:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-12-09T13:32:14.863" Title="How to change cross country ski bindings" Tags="|equipment|skiing|cross-country-skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12771" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-07T08:17:29.267" Score="2" ViewCount="1202" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a cricket ball pitches outside off stump, but then turns so sharply that it misses leg stump, is it is a wide ball or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10579" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-07T10:41:15.310" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T10:41:15.310" Title="Is a ball which spins significantly and misses leg stump a wide?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12771" CreationDate="2016-01-07T08:53:26.007" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure of it ... But I think in T20 cricket it would be a wide. But, in more bowling friendly formats like test cricket it would probably not be a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10580" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T08:53:26.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12773" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-07T08:56:10.597" Score="7" ViewCount="1386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I may be missing something but it's all over the news. I don't understand because JP Duminy has scored 4 test centuries. Is there something here I'm missing ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10580" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T18:50:25.720" Title="How is Bavuma the first black South African cricketer to make a test century?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12773" CreationDate="2016-01-07T09:23:47.353" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;JP Duminy is from the Cape Coloured ethnic grouping (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketwa.com/370/player/jean-paul-duminy.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.cricketwa.com/370/player/jean-paul-duminy.aspx&lt;/a&gt;), hence is not considered Black African.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I'm not commenting on whether these ethnic groupings are appropriate or even palatable. They're what's in use in South Africa today. I'm not South African, or resident there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2016-02-16T09:23:24.040" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T09:23:24.040" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12771" CreationDate="2016-01-07T09:58:29.627" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the laws of cricket a wide is defined as a ball that a batsmen cannot play a normal cricket shot too.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 25 Wide Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the basis for judging whether a ball is wide in cricket where there are not playing conditions relating to the wide ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most limited overs cricket will have some variation of leg side wides, where balls passing to the leg side of the batsmen and stumps are liable to be called wide.  However the exact wording will depend on the competition.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=3&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYv6rMt5fKAhVEuhQKHYZRAygQFggsMAI&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.icc-cricket.com%2Fugc%2Fdocuments%2FDOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699266080_719.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFHNNLKX6F8HoKqQQi5qf6936i-nw&amp;amp;sig2=dJ6WB7ehH7NjTHHxneXAsQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;One day international Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=4&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYv6rMt5fKAhVEuhQKHYZRAygQFggyMAM&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.icc-cricket.com%2Fugc%2Fdocuments%2FDOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699332977_153.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHsw4MvG0kKl-URuVTdSm87n-tEEg&amp;amp;sig2=Yjgz4b86vS2qKnj4DAn18Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;T20 playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; are examples of this as are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=5&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYv6rMt5fKAhVEuhQKHYZRAygQFgg3MAQ&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.ecb.co.uk%2Ffiles%2Fgeneric-rules-and-playing-conditions-12780.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNE2f2K013Kv7SQTTMWzi7j0y1Zikg&amp;amp;sig2=6KCCm0A-mqIvaVP6ObG6IQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ECB generic conditions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer the question, under the laws of cricket the ball is probably not a wide, under the playing conditions of one day cricket it is likely to be a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T09:58:29.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1065" CreationDate="2016-01-07T15:32:52.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Am I doing something wrong in my grip causing premature wear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, yes. (Sorry to be blunt!) I play quite often and had a similar problem with the pad of my left palm in a bad position. This caused me to rub holes within 3-4 rounds with a few range sessions thrown in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After changing my grip with the assistance of pro, a glove now lasts me several months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T15:32:52.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12777" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12778" CreationDate="2016-01-07T18:33:00.687" Score="5" ViewCount="614" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know it is specific to the National League home games but what is the purpose/strategy and the rules of a double switch in Baseball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T18:51:32.153" Title="Double switch in Baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12777" CreationDate="2016-01-07T18:51:32.153" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The double switch is used, primarily (but not exclusively) in the National League, when replacing a player for defensive or pitching purposes who is a poor(er) batter, to place them further from the current batter than they normally would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the top of the eighth inning, two on, two out, you replace your pitcher, batting ninth.  In the bottom of the eighth inning, the seventh batter will be coming to the plate to lead off the inning.  As such, your new pitcher would now be batting third; that's not ideal, since he's not a very good batter, and so you'd need to either give up a free out, or pinch-hit for him.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming this is a pitcher you want to pitch the top of the ninth - say, this is your closer, and you're up by a single run - you would rather move him up in the batting order, say to 6th.  That way he's unlikely to come to the plate in the eighth, at least unless you score a lot of runs (in which case you're probably fine with either result).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, you take out your left fielder, who is batting sixth, and replace the pitcher in that spot in the lineup, and a new (perhaps defensive-minded) left fielder in the 9th spot in the lineup.  Technically what you're doing is substituting the new pitcher for the old LF, and the new LF for the old pitcher; but it gets your batting lineup correct.  Now you have an at least somewhat competent bat up third the next inning, and your pitcher won't bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in part in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;rule 5.10&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a double-switch is being made, the manager or coach shall first&#xA;  notify the plate umpire. The umpire-in-chief must be informed of the&#xA;  multiple substitutions and interchanged batting order before the&#xA;  manager calls for a new pitcher (regardless of whether the manager or&#xA;  coach announces the double-switch before crossing the foul line).&#xA;  Signaling or motioning to the bullpen is to be considered an official&#xA;  substitution for the new pitcher. It is not permissible for the&#xA;  manager to go to the mound, call for a new pitcher, and then inform&#xA;  the umpire of multiple substitutions with the intention of&#xA;  interchanging the batting order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T18:51:32.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12779" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-07T20:48:30.503" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it mostly happens in lower leagues, this used to be more common in professional sports until somewhat recently (e.g. Gianluca Vialli in association football until 1999) and may still happen temporarily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My situation refers to the sport of quidditch (or &quot;muggle quidditch&quot;) specifically, where captains often cover the role of coach as well, but could apply to any team sport where the player-coach would be the same time be on the field as any other player, and making strategic and tactical decisions such as substitutions, plays, strategy changes, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One key point is having one, or two, players-assistant coaches with whom to share the gameplan and guidelines to follow during the game, while the coach is on the field playing, so that at least one of these players is always or almost always off the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the countermeasures and/or aspects to keep in mind both before and during the game for a playing coach, so that their performance as a coach will not be diminished by them being focussed on their job as a player?&#xA;As an extra requirement: quidditch does not currently have timeouts, so answers should not rely on using timeouts to make adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T20:48:30.503" Title="How can a playing coach be most effective?" Tags="|team-dynamics|coaching|quidditch|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12688" CreationDate="2016-01-08T00:04:38.403" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;False start can't be called once a play is under way. It's usually called before the ball is snapped, or as you mentioned, while the quarterback is taking his drop back into the pocket. In this case, the quarterback will spike the ball because he know's what the penalty is (he can see the offensive line better than anyone), or just wants to do so, just because he can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only penalty that will prevent the play from developing (or continuing to go on) is a false start. That has to be called immediately when it's seen. In the case of offsides, the officials will throw the flag, but won't kill the play. This is referred to in the NFL as a &quot;free play&quot; for the offense, because if they do something bad (e.g. throw an interception) it will be nullified by the offsides call. Aaron Rodgers of the Packers is a master of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They aren't flagged for intentional grounding because after a referee blows a whistle for false start, the play is dead - anything that happens after (like the quarterback throwing the ball into the ground) doesn't matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T00:04:38.403" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11927" CreationDate="2016-01-08T00:56:21.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two sports seem relevant here: Basketball and Hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basketball, you have plays drawn up, but you also have a very fluid situation where your play can quickly break down.  While you wouldn't have a player eliminated, you do use a useful concept: the &lt;em&gt;reset&lt;/em&gt;.  The point guard (or other ball controlling player, if you're the Cavs or such) takes the ball to the top of the key, and calls a new play, discarding whatever they'd done before.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, a regroup and reset when a player is eliminated - and a strategy for how to deal with this in-between time - may allow you to go back to a full-on play with all players.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hockey, on the other hand, has the concept of an eliminated player (or even two), via penalties.  As such, hockey teams have different strategies for 5 on 4 and 5 on 3, on both sides.  If you're on the 4 or 3 side, you're playing a defensive-focused game; there are specific well-defined strategies that minimize the offense's chances.  On the 5 side, there are more offensive-focused strategies that maximize your chances while taking into account the defensive changes that will be made by the short side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your game, I don't know if you're in quite as straightforward of a situation as far as offense/defense when a player is eliminated; presumably an eliminated player when you're on your own end isn't eliminated for very &lt;em&gt;long&lt;/em&gt;, since he/she is closer to their goal, so perhaps you have to focus more on strategies for attacking a player down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This doesn't have to be quite as complicated as &quot;all relevant subsets&quot;, though it is trending in that direction (and I imagine professional-level teams would); it could be as simple as recognizing what a player down means for your protections and adjusting them, regardless of which player is down (though your positional differences make some difference there - in most sports, all players are effectively equal in at least legal play, other than goaltenders).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T00:56:21.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1616" CreationDate="2016-01-08T16:40:51.213" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neyland had a dog named Oskie.  &quot;Ball, Oskie!&quot; would be something he'd yell to the dog before throwing a ball for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10589" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T16:40:51.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12785" CreationDate="2016-01-08T21:15:53.327" Score="5" ViewCount="8042" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always hear this used especially during the off season when players are being signed to a new contract or cut. I still don't understand the significance and usage so what does &quot;dead money&quot; mean when referred to in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastEditorUserId="10586" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T17:09:25.303" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T12:49:05.783" Title="What does &quot;dead money&quot; mean when referred to in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12784" CreationDate="2016-01-08T22:47:57.403" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a consequence of signing bonuses and the salary cap maths. Due to the non-guaranteed nature of contracts, NFL contracts are split into two parts: an annual salary, payable if the player is on the roster that year, and a &quot;signing bonus&quot; which is paid up front. For example, a 5 year, $15 million contract could be broken up as a $2 million annual salary and a $5 million signing bonus. For cap purposes, the signing bonus is prorated over the length of the contract, so that $15 million contract would have an annual cap charge of $3 million as you might expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complication comes if a team decides to cut a player - in that case, the annual salary comes off the books, but whatever hasn't already been accounted from the signing bonus counts against the cap in that year. For example, if the team decided to cut our $15M player just before the fourth year of his contract, the &quot;cap charge&quot; for that player would be $2M for the bits of the signing bonus that got prorated into years 4 and 5 of the contract. However, they get nothing for that $2M (because they've cut the player!) hence &quot;dead money&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-09T09:24:53.697" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T09:24:53.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-09T00:08:16.740" Score="-1" ViewCount="2548" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a simple way to download a season of player data from Baseball-Reference.com that includes their player ID?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can download data with the player names, but I need the player ID they use to make it easier to query and make lists across seasons with unique players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10591" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-25T01:09:31.320" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T01:09:31.320" Title="How can I download a season Baseball Reference data with player IDs?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12786" CreationDate="2016-01-09T04:46:38.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't found an option either through Baseball-reference to download the stats and have a player ID included per row. However, I know of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seanlahman.com/baseball-archive/statistics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lahman Database&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;that provides season stats and includes a player ID.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T04:46:38.717" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10665" CreationDate="2016-01-09T05:11:53.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There can be many different methods that can be used to &quot;break-in&quot; a baseball glove. I came an &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist=caple_jim&amp;amp;id=5173365&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; that asked then current MLB players how they &quot;break-in&quot; their new glove. The responses range from using the microwave/oven to bake the gloves, others hit and pound on the gloves by various means and objects, with some just use it during practice and workouts or have others use it to get some wear on it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T05:11:53.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-01-09T09:46:49.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1)  It's not &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; cheap.  Pulling jersey, being grabby, etc. are all &quot;in-between&quot; type of plays.  It's physical play that isn't necessarily a foul.  Remember, basketball IS a physical sport.  Not every time players come in physical contact with each other it's a foul.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)  Suck it up, no excuses.  The fact that it's frustrating you means you aren't being mentally tough enough.  Whining to everyone on the court will be the worst course of action.  Be grabby back, be physical back, use your body to shield their aggression or be timely with your movement to work against them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3)  Never count on the refs to bail you out, you're going to have to use your own savviness, scrappiness, skill, and toughness.  That's a given.  But if your opponent is clearly going over the top and fouling you every play, just tell the ref to keep an eye on it.  If it's a pickup game with no refs, call a foul if it's OVERT physical contact, or be super physical back.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4)  Retaliate.  Be physical back, when they put their arm on you, slap it! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5)  If you're taller than average, you need to use that inherent advantage.  Taller than average + FEROCIOUS is a great combo.  Your mental approach on the court should be like someone with Napoleon-syndrome with everything to prove.  Like a small chihuahua.  Tall guy with the heart of a chihuahua?  That will be effective.  I can't tell you how many tall guys I've played vs who underachieved because they were too frail.  If they just knew how to use their frame and be MEAN on the court, they would be amazing.  Keep playing 'cause you'll learn the ropes by constantly competing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basketball isn't an easy sport.  It takes a great mixture of physical and mental toughness, finesse, athleticism, skill, and heart.  Enjoy!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T09:46:49.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12688" CreationDate="2016-01-09T15:32:20.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The QB either hears the referee's whistle, sees a flag thrown by an umpire or line judge, or any official waving his hands which are all indications the play is dead.  At this point the QB realizes there will be no play.  Pass rushers trying to sack the QB may or may not have heard or seen the same indications from the officials that the play is dead and may continue to rush the QB.  Pass rushers are not in position to see as many officials as the QB and can be unaware the play is dead. As a protective measure by the QB to avoid getting knocked silly or driven into the ground, the QB will spike the ball into the ground.  This should stop all pass rushers from hitting the QB.  If they hit the QB at this point it is a dead ball foul and will result in a penalty to be assessed against the defense regardless of the initial infraction that stopped the play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7591" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T15:32:20.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12784" CreationDate="2016-01-09T19:02:45.907" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dead Money means money that can't be spent because it was paid to a player who is no longer on the team.  It is the penalty  for teams paying players up front.  Simply put, The Jets sign Joe Player to a 5 year deal worth $15M during free agency before the 2014 season.  The contract is structured so that Joe will receive $2M in salary every year he is on the team and will receive a $5M signing bonus.  The 2014 NFL salary cap per team was $133M.  After the 2014  season Joe earned $7M ($5M to sign + $2M in salary).  Joe is slated to make his regular $2M salary in 2015, but before the regular season starts, the Jets trade Joe to another team or cut him.  No matter what does or doesn't happen to Joe, the Jets now have $4M in dead money in 2015. The $5M signing bonus received by Joe in essence was the Jets spending future salary cap money ($1M against the the Jets salary cap in 2014, $1M in 2015, $1M in 2016, $1M in 2017, and $1M in 2018). When Joe's contract is terminated or traded by the Jets, those 2015 - 2018 amounts on the Jets book are moved to 2015 resulting in $4M the Jets can't spend in 2015. The 2015 NFL salary cap per team was $143M and the Jets can only spend $139M because they have $4M in dead money they can't spend.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7591" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T19:02:45.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12729" CreationDate="2016-01-09T20:20:36.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To refine TrueDub's answer somewhat, we can completely ignore drawn and tied matches - obviously that's going to result in one win and one loss, and given that it's extremely unlikely for there to be any significant bias towards the &quot;better&quot; or &quot;worse&quot; team winning a coin toss, those results can be safely ignored for the purposes of seeing if winning the toss gives an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the 1452 matches that ended in a (non-tie) result that Cricinfo gives data for, the team that won the toss won 765 (52.686%) of them, losing 687 (47.314%). From this it's reasonable to assume that winning the coin toss probably gives a slight advantage under at least some conditions, although not enough to be too much more significant than statistical noise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I do not believe it's possible to easily get the average runs scored for each team - TrueDub posted the average runs &lt;em&gt;per wicket&lt;/em&gt;, but that can be heavily misleading as it is common for a Test match to end without 40 wickets being taken. It seems like Cricinfo does not have the numbers you are looking for, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt; The team that wins the toss wins about 1 in 40 more matches than they'd expect to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T20:20:36.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12795" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-10T03:21:28.980" Score="4" ViewCount="861" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the official NFL rules about punting, &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/12_Rule9_Scrimmage_Kick.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/12_Rule9_Scrimmage_Kick.pdf&lt;/a&gt; Rule 9 (Scrimmage kick), Section 3, (Catch or recovery of a scrimmage kick) Article 1 (Kickers catch or recover behind the line), Item 2 gives the kicking team a new set of downs if the ball hits a member of the receiving team beyond the line of scrimmage and then ricochets back behind the line of scrimmage, then is recovered by the kicking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This apparently applies even if the member of the receiving team touched the ball by accident or was blocked into it by the kicking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why does this rule exist?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why are the kickers given a new set of downs?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has this ever happened in the history of football?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any coach who would ever try to do this deliberately as a desperation play on a 4th-and-a-mile (or 3rd-and-a-mile)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10598" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T17:25:43.770" Title="Why does kicking team get a new set of downs in this occurrence?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-10T19:48:18.943" Score="8" ViewCount="6644" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a professional football player introduces himself and states his college affiliation, must that player have graduated from that college or does 3 years allow for him to declare that school affiliation? Some players note a HS affiliation; If they mention a HS, does that mean they did not attend college?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10599" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-26T12:34:41.363" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T21:35:58.047" Title="NFL broadcast info---HS or college affiliation? What does that mean?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|terminology|media|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-10T20:27:24.497" Score="8" ViewCount="17591" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many motor sports, there are often curbs placed along the parts of the track where the driving line runs close to the edge of the track. This allows the driver to drift off the track slightly when necessary, without hitting the gravel / grass and slowing down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of this, as opposed to just keeping the original track and expecting drivers to remain within it -- or indeed widening the track at the points where the curbs are?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My initial thoughts are that the curbs exist to allow the driver a little extra room if he accidentally runs too tight or wide on a corner -- and instead of slowing down heavily due to gravel / grass, he only slows down a little on the curb. However, from my experience, most drivers run over the curbs on all of the bends anyway, and intentionally so, to make the most of this extra room. Therefore, it is not extra room for &quot;mistakes&quot; -- any mistake will still cause the driver to run into the gravel / grass, because the driver has changed his interpretation of the track width and still runs right to the edge of the curbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10600" LastEditorUserId="10608" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T17:17:52.280" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T21:46:11.003" Title="Why are curbs used in motorsport?" Tags="|formula-1|road-racing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12798" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15206" CreationDate="2016-01-11T00:58:53.870" Score="7" ViewCount="1906" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, the winner of the coin toss can make a choice now (usually to &lt;em&gt;receive&lt;/em&gt; the kick-off which starts the game), or can &lt;em&gt;defer&lt;/em&gt; their choice to the second half (thus having the option to receive the kick-off in the second half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose there were two evenly matched teams, and the halftime score were 17-16. Before evaluating their chances, I would want to know (at least) one more thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the 17-point team had deferred, and was now receiving the ball in the third quarter, I would consider it ahead, both on points and on the &quot;deferred&quot; reception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But suppose this right belonged to the 16-pointer. Would the deferred reception give them the better chance of winning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The value of this could be no more than a touchdown, and probably a lot less. It may not even be the value of a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any estimates or quantifications of the deferred reception privilege, and the &quot;extra&quot; possession privilege that it confers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T23:18:16.360" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T02:09:22.260" Title="What is the estimated point value of deferring after winning the coin toss?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12796" CreationDate="2016-01-11T02:46:43.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A professional football player gives the last school where he had &quot;trained,&quot; before joining a professional team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More often than not, that means a college. And he may or may not have graduated (many football players attend college for the chance to &quot;play,&quot; rather than for the education, and leave as soon as a team will sign them, that is, after three years). Sometimes, it could refer to a player that attended college for five years, but was &quot;red shirted&quot; by the team for one year. (That means that the player was put through an extra year of training but was technically not a member of the team because he was not allowed to play for that year, and therefore only played for &quot;four.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player joined the team out of a high school, with no college &quot;education,&quot; he will use the high school as his affiliation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T14:43:20.967" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T14:43:20.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12805" CreationDate="2016-01-11T03:02:37.313" Score="4" ViewCount="5034" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can think of two instances where this comes into play. One is if the kick-off falls behind the receiving goal line, and the runner chooses to &quot;down&quot; the ball in the endzone rather than run it out. This allows the receiving team to start at 20 yard line &quot;for sure&quot; instead of taking their chances with a running play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second is if the offensive team's ball carrier is tackled in his own end zone for a &quot;safety,&quot; this team has to make a free kick from its 20 yard line (instead of from the 40 yard line).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How and why was the 20 yard line chosen for these purposes? And why was the &quot;20&quot; yard line changed to the 25 yard line for both touchbacks and safeties in college football in 2012?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T12:45:02.923" Title="What is the significance of the 20 yard line?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12745" CreationDate="2016-01-11T05:54:48.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer is based just on my knowledge gained by having followed football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the main(on-field) referee is somewhat senior in terms of position to the assistant referees. He/she can overrule a decision made by one of the assistants. This is because the on-field referee does have more refereeing experience. That experience is gained by first being an assistant referee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;So yes, an assistant referee is 'promoted' to on-field referee by the football association in question (Eg: FIFA, UEFA, local bodies like FA, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 'track' followed is not different. One does not train to become just an assistant referee. Referees are trained on assistant and on-field duties together (i.e., in the referee training centres/camps). They start their careers as assistant referees. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, being a main referee in one competition does not guarantee the same position in another competition. For example, an Indian referee can be on-field for India's premier football league, I-league, but might have to settle for being an assistant referee if he/she is called up by FIFA to referee in an international tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, many major tournaments have a fourth referee, one who takes care of substitutions and other duties in the technical area. This referee is one who holds the position of on-field referee. He/she may be called to step in for any of the referees (on-field/assistant) in case something were to happen to the latter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, a referee must know both, the on-field and assistant duties, at all times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T05:54:48.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12796" CreationDate="2016-01-11T15:59:01.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no rules.  Players get to give a shout out to one school and they say whatever they want.  Would the networks let a player who went to Miami say they went to Oregon?  Probably not.  But as long as a player played at a school they can mention that school.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some players mention their high school out of pride, others have done it because they left on bad terms with their college and don't want to mention them, and some go back and forth saying their high school sometimes and their college sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player says which high school they went to I wouldn't read into that at all since 99%+ attended some college to play football at some point - it might not be D-I and could even be community college but there are very very players in the NFL that didn't play in college (I know a few foreign born kickers and a couple rugby players).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other note is that players have pretty much a free rein on how they say the name of their college.  The word &quot;THE&quot; has been added to the name of many colleges to, I guess, gain more respect.  The whole naming of your school is just a fun thing that a player gets to do for each game.  These are usually done the day before and fresh for NFL games.  They also need to get 11 guys to say their college in between a play - about 40 seconds.  So it is quite funny watching guys try to say the name of their college as slow as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note:  Was discussing this with another buddy that watches almost every game... We both remember (or possibly misremember) at least one shout out to a junior high and to a peewee team or coach.  If anyone has proof please add it to the comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2016-09-29T03:54:13.430" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T03:54:13.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12801" CreationDate="2016-01-11T16:18:27.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also add to this an offensive player fumbling into the endzone and recovered or out of bounds, an interception in the end zone kneeled, and a couple of blocked kick rules (and I fear I am missing things).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the touchback was an original (or very very old rule).  I have a pretty good idea of the history of most rules and the 20 yard line for touchbacks or change of possession rules has not been changed or altered for quite possibly the past 100 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the significance?  It is just the &quot;average&quot; spot that worked out as a good starting spot.  If an offense started out at the 10 yard line then a penalty and a sack results in a defensive advantage (hardly ever has a team started out on their 20 or greater and got a safety).  If an offense started on the 30 they would need just 30 more yards and most NFL kickers would be in range.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The significance of the 20 yard line is that it was such a well picked spot on the field that the original rule makers were exactly right.  If the 20 spot had problems rule changes would happen.  Only in 2012 did college change touchbacks to the 25.  And that had nothing to do with creating a fairer/better governed game.  It was just so that they could convince college coaches to have their guys take a knee so that the 22 guys on the field, probably never seeing the pros didn't get hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T16:18:27.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12795" CreationDate="2016-01-11T17:25:43.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is actually one of the most debated rules in the referee circles.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it there?  Because what are the alternatives?  What is the difference between a blocked punt and a player trying to catch the punt?    What if there was a terrible punt and a player tried to catch a lazy line drive at helmet level 5 yards down field?  Block or a catch try if it tips off his fingers?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that is why the rule works like that.  It is just stating that a block is the same thing as a &quot;catch&quot; try.  If you touch it, it is a live ball for recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have I seen this happen?  Yes.  And I have had to call this in a few high school games on bad kicks.  Try explaining this to a crowd of moms and dads... holy cow.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that once the kicking team touches it - so if it tips off an offensive lineman's shoulder pads, it is a live ball for the returning team but they can also choose to return the ball to the spot of the first touch - after the play is over.  So if a punt tips offensive lineman than return team player picks it up and fumbles after losing 10 yards... they can choose to take the ball at the tipped spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So have I seen this happen on purpose?  No.  The punter has to make a very hard kick, the big offensive line need to duck, the defensive line needs to touch the ball and you have to grab it.    Also the ball can't be touched by the defense at or behind the line of scrimmage.  So you are telling your o-line to not get hit by ball but also don't let anyone in the backfield...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could it strategically be used.  For sure.  Quite possibly if done well enough you have a good 50% chance of gettting the ball back.  However in the instances that you would want to use it like a 4th and 27 with 2 minutes left in game...  The return team if coached well is in a safe return formation with no returner and no one going after the punter which makes the play pretty unlikely to work.  But if you think it will work 10% of the time and your offense would convert less than 10% of its 4th and 27s... than why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T17:25:43.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12807" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-11T17:37:37.577" Score="2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;I captain/coach an amateur level team: we can normally meet to practice only once a week, and usually are forced to choose between either focus on fundamentals, stategy, scrimmaging and similar instead of conditioning and working on athletic skills, or to end up using more than half of our time for that, resulting in better athletic condition but worse overall preparation.&#xA;Players are between 18 and 30 years old (me being the one at almost 30), with varying levels of past sports experience: the most problematic ones in terms of independent training are usually the ones with less experience, regardless of age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to see every single player dedicate some of their own time to training, e.g. to do conditioning by running, body weight exercises, and so on. Many of them are not used to being involved in sports in general, so even if they try to stick to a training regime, they stop because of forgetfulness, laziness, or whatever else, in the course of 2/3 days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there known methods to increase the players' motivation? I'm thinking for instance competitions among teammates and such. Examples from real experience are most welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastEditorUserId="3490" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T22:39:59.530" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T14:01:25.687" Title="Motivating players to train on their own time" Tags="|coaching|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12797" CreationDate="2016-01-11T19:44:43.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a &lt;a href=&quot;http://locktonmotorsports.com/using-the-curbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; by Ross Bentley in which he outlines a few points about the use of curbs in motorsport. He mentions 3 types of curbs:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* one on the edge of the track at the entrance to a corner (many tracks don’t have these)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* apex curbs&lt;br&gt;&#xA;* exit curbing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apex curbs are most often meant to be used. If they weren’t there, drivers would drive through the dirt inside the corner to increase the radius of the turn as much as possible (straightening the corner out). Over time, it would create a rut, break away the edge of the pavement, and increase maintenance costs. So they build curbing in the area where drivers place their car’s inside tires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T19:44:43.010" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2016-01-12T07:13:29.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 11th January 2016, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Coker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jake Coker&lt;/a&gt; won a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National Championship&lt;/a&gt; at the University of Alabama. He was the backup quarterback for Florida State when they won the BCS National Championship in 2013, so he now has two championships from two different schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10611" LastEditorDisplayName="user15443" LastEditDate="2018-06-12T23:20:57.350" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T23:20:57.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12801" CreationDate="2016-01-12T12:45:02.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another significance of the 20 is that when an offense advances the ball to within 20 yards of scoring a Touchdown, they are considered in the &quot;red zone&quot; for statistical purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the Coach said in his answer, the 20 was an average spot a return man could get to if he ran out a kick off out of his end zone. Additionally, the touch back rule is important because it forces kickers to strategical kick the ball rather than always kicking it beyond the end zone for a automatic touch back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for college, I'd like to expand on that answer. With the prevalence of new concussion research and repetitive head trauma, it was determined that kick offs have the highest likelihood of high impact concussion inducing plays. By awarding 5 extra yards to the touch back rule, the receiving team is encouraged to take a touch back so as to prevent as many high impact head blows as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T12:45:02.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12807" CreationDate="2016-01-12T14:01:25.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instilling motivation, at any age, is typically a problem most coaches face.  It’s a tough challenge to balance fun against hard work regardless of the age group.  That’s why direction from the coach is so important.  Especially when you consider the time constraints that many adults face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m a member of a rowing club.  Our coach meets with each individual member at the beginning of the season to set individual and team goals.   He then provides weekly direction via our web site on what the week’s goals are for the team and each individual.  We meet three times per week for formal sessions.  He then publishes a spreadsheet that indicates the work that each individual team member accomplished during the prior week. For our team, that would mean how many meters did each of us row towards our goals.  There’s a subtle inference of peer pressure, but, nothing too serious as we are all working towards the same team goal(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, our sport provides opportunities to participate in virtual “team challenges” for raising funds for charity.  That provides some incentive to do the work so that others can benefit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, you will need to make sure you provide direction while ensuring the activity remains fun.  But, in the end, each individual is going to decide what he/she is willing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T14:01:25.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12816" CreationDate="2016-01-12T14:36:07.787" Score="5" ViewCount="1183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Commenting the Alabama-Clemson game, a commentator noted that Clemson would run many &quot;side&quot; plays and try to wear down the Alabama defense. Apparently that didn't work, given the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would a team wear down the other team (without similarly wearing itself down)? Does it &quot;fake&quot; several plays and run one, so several sets of defenders are exhausted on each play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason this might not work is because players are freely substitutable in football (unlike e.g. baseball, where it is once per person per game). Or is the whole idea to force the other team to use &quot;second-string&quot; (and presumably inferior) players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess if one team's players were a lot bigger/stronger than the other's, they could wear down the other in trials of strength such as those occasioned by draw plays and &quot;off tackles&quot;. But that didn't appear to be the case in last night's game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T09:56:53.530" Title="How is an &quot;attrition&quot; strategy supposed to work in football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12814" CreationDate="2016-01-12T14:59:51.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general the opposing defense must be engaged during every down because they never know what the play is going to be, while the offensive players know what play is being run. Also, with &quot;side&quot; plays or short pass/runs that keep a drive sustained, keeps the defense on the field even with substitutions can over the course of the game wear a defense down as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T14:59:51.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12814" CreationDate="2016-01-12T15:27:53.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;side&quot; plays was meant to mean &quot;sideline&quot; plays - i.e., plays that involve a sweep, a toss, or otherwise require defenders to run all the way to one sideline.  Those can be quite exhausting, as you have to run a lot - and all eleven defenders will be running full bore.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offense, on the other hand, won't be running all that hard; after all, the way a play works, the offense goes somewhere and the defenders have to run to that place to stop them - so they have to run a lot more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Substitution of course can help, and having a deep bench with lots of quality players helps.  Good defenses are often not the ones with one or two stars, but with five or six linemen and five or six linebackers who can rotate in and play well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And - I wouldn't say it didn't work.  40 points is a huge number of points for that defense to have given up (only Ole Miss scored as many on them this year, and even most good teams only scored in the teens).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T15:27:53.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12817" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-12T15:28:44.487" Score="5" ViewCount="2484" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would happen if you played tennis with a racquetball or racquetball with a tennis ball? Tennis balls have felt and are heavier. If I practiced tennis with a racquetball for a week, and then switched to a regular tennis ball, what kind of difference would I feel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T16:33:36.040" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T16:33:36.040" Title="What is the difference between a tennis and a racquetball ball?" Tags="|tennis|racquetball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-03-27T19:53:26.693" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="692" CreationDate="2016-01-12T16:52:28.657" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/DJmpMjEReD4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/DJmpMjEReD4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A carry violation consist of... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.Dribbling the ball over your shoulder. If you dribble above shoulder height u must let the ball come back down below shoulder height before touching it again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.When you place your palm under the ball in a hesitation attempt or pass attempt and then resume dribbling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10613" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T16:52:28.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12819" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-12T17:00:04.707" Score="-4" ViewCount="3072" Body="&lt;p&gt;i think there is arguably, one score in particular that would be extremely unlikely but certainly possible.   yes , i realize that a score of 700 to 140 is unlikely but it is also virtually impossible.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10614" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T14:59:14.313" Title="what is the most 'unlikely' final football score?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-01-12T23:47:12.210" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12819" CreationDate="2016-01-12T17:05:56.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can see the scores from all 15,000-some games that have been played in NFL history from 1920 until today &lt;a href=&quot;http://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/game_scores.cgi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Sorting by the count column, you can see that there are 257 final scores that have only ever been achieved once. The latest one of these, hence the least likely given the data, was a score of 51-16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any other possible score not appearing on this list would been even less likely than the scores that have actually been achieved. I think it would be quite impossible to define one single score as the least likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9709" LastEditorUserId="9709" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T17:13:04.807" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T17:13:04.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12821" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-12T17:28:23.703" Score="2" ViewCount="3583" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman is caught behind by the wicket keeper and the non-striking batsman runs and reaches the batting end, does the batting end change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In our match the batsman was out caught behind, and the other batsmen just reached the batting end before the catch was taken and hence the umpire allowed the change of batsman to play. But as per my experience the new batsmen should take the strike. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10615" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T21:20:36.103" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T15:52:03.810" Title="Caught behind by wicket Keeper - Who takes strike?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12814" CreationDate="2016-01-12T17:35:58.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coaching football for a long time I will make some comments about the announcers saying this about two of the best college football teams in the country:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the defense doesn't work harder than the offense.  This might be true for a poorly coached team where the offensive line watches the play after it passes them but is not true for top college and NFL teams.  Watching this weekends playoff (NFL) games it was exciting seeing offensive lineman 20 yards downfield making a block.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alabama and Clemson and most NFL teams are all well versed on defense to handle hurry up offenses.  Saban in particular has had trouble with hurry-up offenses in the past and has actually tried to get rules put in place to slow down the game.  I am POSITIVE Alabama practiced hurry up D every day at practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In college more than the pros the hurry up offense is a staple of the spread and read option package.  It in essence allows the QB and RB to take turns carrying while the defense works every play.  I guess if you ran wide the defense might work a little hard but so would your o-line and back - and receivers might have to block.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the attrition strategy is based on one of two things.  Either you have more players at a certain quality than the other team does or you can wear down the other team faster than your team wears down.  This was never going to help Clemson.  Alabama is loaded, Clemson knew this.  The announcers are just spouting off generic mumbo-jumbo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the REAL strategy last night by Clemson was using the hurry-up.  The hurry up did two things.  The first is a given of any hurry up strategy - the defensive and offensive lines get worn out after 4-5 plays, so they just stand there.  The offense can pass the ball as the defense has little pressure but the offense can't run the ball effectively.  Well that's what happened.  But the kicker for Alabama was that after their d-line got worn down they lost their attack zone responsibilities and lost containment.  This allowed a running QB the ability run - given that he was in better shape than the lineman.  This was the only real attrition advantage on the field last night - the fresher running QB vs worn out d-line.  Once Alabama put a quicker (and less likely to get fatigued) spy in the game they did better defensively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T17:35:58.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12819" CreationDate="2016-01-12T17:37:23.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using one example of a simple technique based on the scarcity of combined final scores and individual final scores, 54-44 is the least likely of those that have occurred in the Super Bowl Era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/game_scores.cgi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt;, there have been 191 different combinations of final game-scores that have occurred only once in the Super Bowl Era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To narrow this down, I performed the following analysis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Count all instances of each winning-team final score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Count all instances of each losing-team final score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Multiply respective frequency values for winning-team and losing-team final scores by the &quot;Occurance&quot; value provided by Pro Football Reference&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If 41-17 is the only instance of a winning team scoring 41 points, but that game result of 41-17 has happened three times, then I record three instances of 41 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For each final game-score, sum the winning-team and losing-team results from step 3, creating a Combined Occurrence Frequency&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Filter all final outcomes to those that have occurred only once&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Filter all Combined Occurrence Frequencies from step 4 to the lowest value&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Least Likely Result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;54-44&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This score occurred in week 14 of 1985&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winning-team score of 54 has occurred five times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Losing-team score of 44 has occurred two times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Result is seven combined occurrences of winning- and losing-team scores&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second Least Likely Result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;72-41&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This score occurred in week 12 of 1966&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winning-team score of 72 has occurred one time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Losing-team score of 41 has occurred seven times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Result is eight combined occurrences of winning- and losing-team scores&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorUserId="6358" LastEditDate="2016-01-13T14:59:14.313" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T14:59:14.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12821" CreationDate="2016-01-12T18:07:07.850" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no special case for being &quot;caught behind&quot; or &quot;caught by the wicket keeper&quot;, so the rule is the same as at any other time: if the batsmen had crossed at the moment the catch was taken, then the former non-striker takes strike. If the batsmen had not crossed, then the new batsman takes strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, see Law 18.12(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed Caught [...] the not out batsman shall return to the wicket he has left but only if the batsmen had not already crossed at the instant of the incident causing the dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-13T09:05:57.463" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T09:05:57.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3530" CreationDate="2016-01-12T21:00:04.600" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer you accepted is undeniably incorrect for the NFL - I know it is an old question and answer but this needs a correct answer.  Yes NFL teams may have their slot motion to drag a man defender over to a particular side of the field.  Just because he moves with the receiver is not even a &quot;good&quot; indication that they are playing man.  A lot of teams employee man-zone principles where they will employ man coverage underneath or on set players and zone elsewhere.  The safety and corner splits are a better indicator and using this to guess is why bad QBs throw a lot of stupid picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Acting like an NFL team is playing man coverage because the defender moves with him is exactly what they want you to think.  After the QB sees the slot receiver beat the man press and then the DB settle down into the shallow zone he releases the ball, not understanding that a safety has over the top responsibilities... too late.  Just because this works in old versions of Madden doesn't make it true.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reasons for putting a slot in motion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the most common reason is to get a smaller WR out of press coverage.  If playing against a team with hard press concepts and a good press corner your slot guy could spend most of the day playing handsies without ever running a route.  Going in motion makes it harder to press him and really impossible with a smart QB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a well coached team will use a motion man to create a mismatch on defense.  So if you have a slot WR with a very fast #2 WR you can throw your slot in motion to see if the corner will follow.  If corner follows you have a speed matchup.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to set picks.  This is en vogue right now in the NFL but basically the slot guy motions to twins and does a flat rub.  As he does his flat route the twins both wait and release inside of him which causes some really odd angles for the DBs.   (a friend noted that the slot guy also motions over and fakes the rub and outside receiver runs a streak fade as DB deeks for inside position)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the QB is having a hard time reading the coverage the slot guy will often motion to produce a trips or quad situation.  By having a bunch of trips or quads on a side you are forcing a team to shell into some sort of man concept most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;just to cause general confusion.  Basically by putting a man in motion - let's say hard motion from one side to another - you are basically making up to 7 guys on the defense all be on the same page on a possible total coverage change.  A motion man swapping could change the call from zone to man or vice versa.  If one of those 7 guys makes a mental mistake then you may have a free WR running downfield.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes you could put a slot in motion to guess man defense but this would be akin to reading the knuckles of offensive lineman to guess run or pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-01-13T17:11:45.017" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T17:11:45.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-12T21:45:33.657" Score="2" ViewCount="985" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got my skates sharpened at SportChek and a couple days later I played hockey however whenever i tried to stop my skates would sputter along the ice and wouldnt dig in and spray up snow. I basically had to go back to when i was first learning to skate when i was 5 and stop by pointing my toes together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a case of me not being able to stop because I have played hockey for 13+ years and am a proficient skater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could be the reason for this? I have a few speculations which are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Sportchek somehow screwed up the sharpening&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Skate blade is too thick (Maybe sportchek took off the profiling with the last sharpen)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) I was skating on an outdoor rink so maybe the ice was bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone thinks any of these could be the cause or you have any input id love to hear it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10616" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T04:14:43.947" Title="Reason for skates sputtering along ice instead of stopping?" Tags="|ice-hockey|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12830" CreationDate="2016-01-13T08:10:53.827" Score="5" ViewCount="5477" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between an Outside hit and Pipe hit in volleyball? What position can hit a pipe during the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10619" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T01:40:36.337" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T08:07:20.007" Title="What is the difference between an Outside hit and Pipe hit in volleyball?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4777" CreationDate="2016-01-13T09:01:47.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;hims056's answer is completely correct, but just to quote the actual Laws on this one (Law 21.6(c)):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a boundary is scored before the batsmen have completed sufficient runs to win the match, the whole of the boundary allowance shall be credited to the side’s total and, in the case of a hit by the bat, to the striker’s score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T09:01:47.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12828" CreationDate="2016-01-13T09:52:35.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An outside hit is one by the front left hitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a bit of variation between teams (particularly at lower levels) as to exactly what a pipe is, but it would always be a back row hit from either the middle or right-hand side of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T09:52:35.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12831" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-13T10:11:38.630" Score="5" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a let was considered a valid serve, would professional tennis players be able to accurately hit the net cord and have the ball drop into the service box, often enough to make it worth while?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it at least be a commonly attempted on a first serve, with players opting for the usual &lt;em&gt;safer&lt;/em&gt; second serve if they hit the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or would the risk outweigh the benefits? Would players continue to serve as they do already, with a &lt;em&gt;let&lt;/em&gt; being nothing but a lucky bonus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T21:18:38.787" Title="If a let was considered a valid serve, could it be a useful serving strategy?" Tags="|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12831" CreationDate="2016-01-13T10:41:49.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that would depend on the player. If the situation you described was allowed, it would be akin to serving an ace. Current players do attempt aces by serving to the edges of the opposite player's service box, even though the chance of an ace is pretty low. However, some players (like Federer) do hit more aces than average, while some others are below average in that respect. Similarly, with practice, players could manage to hit the net and let the ball drop over on their service with increasing accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this is completely hypothetical since the rule does not exist and it doesn't seem like it ever will as of now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T10:41:49.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12831" CreationDate="2016-01-13T21:18:38.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you ever watched Collegiate tennis or World Team Tennis? This is actually a rule - no-let serves. No player is talented enough to try and clip the net and have the ball roll over for an ace (or service winner) - that would require inch-perfect precision. Also, most players aren't particularly fond of the no-let serve rule because 1) they're not used to it and 2) shots that clip the net and roll over for a winner are considered &quot;cheap&quot; and most players apologize for winning points that way. Not to mention, the net cord produces unpredictable results depending on where the ball hits, what kind of spin is on the ball, and what angle it comes into the net at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an article that talks about the subject: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/sports/tennis/tennis-trying-a-no-let-experiment-on-serves.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/sports/tennis/tennis-trying-a-no-let-experiment-on-serves.html?_r=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T21:18:38.787" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12841" CreationDate="2016-01-13T22:02:54.620" Score="3" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;When speaking about the positioning system in volleyball in German, we usually say the word &quot;Läufer&quot; (lit. &quot;runner&quot;) and append the number, &lt;em&gt;X&lt;/em&gt;, of the position of the setter, to refer to a certain position in the positioning system. All other players automatically know where to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the English equivalent for this &quot;Läufer &lt;em&gt;X&lt;/em&gt;&quot; phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" OwnerDisplayName="cad" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-14T02:58:49.357" LastActivityDate="2019-01-14T02:58:49.357" Title="What's the English term for setter positions in volleyball?" Tags="|terminology|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8641" CreationDate="2016-01-14T02:38:28.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like Joe said in his comment, the ideal strategy depends largely on your level. That said, I can offer in general what I think about when trying to take advantage second serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some things I consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Situation:&lt;/strong&gt; This plays a large role in how aggressively I try to play someone's second serve.  If I'm up multiple break points (say from the server's perspective its 0-40 or 15-40) then I tend play a little freer.  If I've found that break points haven't been that hard to come by so far in the match, I might even go for a winner right off the return.  Even if I miss then I still plant a seed of doubt in my opponents mind that the next time they need to hit a second serve that I might go for a winner again.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if it is 30-40 and this is the first break point I've had the entire match, I'll play a bit more conservatively. By conservatively I mean that I'll still go after the return, but I might just try to rip it down-the-middle or cross-court and work the point from then on.  A deep return towards the server's feet can often be quite effective at generating a short ball, which might be easier to attack than my opponent's second serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Serve Quality of my Opponent:&lt;/strong&gt; This is a big variable in the equation as well.  If I find that my opponent has a very predictable second serve (e.g. they always try to kick it to my backhand, or they always just spin it in to the middle of the box) then I tend to be very aggressive with my returns (regardless of the situation).  The reason is that if their serve is predictable, even if I miss a few returns in the beginning, I'll eventually develop a rhythm and start making more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More advanced players will have the confidence to place their second serves and vary their location -- when they are able to do this it is much harder to develop a rhythm; for that reason I tend to be more conservative against players who show the ability to place their second serve (because I can't, say, on the deuce side, sit on looking to run around my backhand and rip a forehand, because they might serve out wide to my forehand). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although even in the case when players can vary their second serve location, sometimes it is possible to read where they are hitting it based on their toss (e.g. some players telegraph that they are hitting a wide serve by tossing the ball farther toward the doubles alley).  Against players whose serves I can read, I again am fairly aggressive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My Own Confidence That Day:&lt;/strong&gt; This is the obvious wildcard in all of this.  If I'm feeling comfortable with my forehand, I might swing a little freer on returns.  In general if you are feeling comfortable it is a good idea to disrupt your opponent's rhythm by hitting aggressive returns.  Some days, however, I find it hard to get a rhythm, so I might just roll the return in and try to get in a rally to try and generate some rhythm for myself; hopefully then my confidence will improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T02:38:28.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12840" CreationDate="2016-01-14T07:11:49.563" Score="0" ViewCount="2007" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the criteria to play in one of the two teams of NBA all star game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what about to take part to other speciality games (smash/3 points)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T10:31:34.570" Title="Criteria to play for NBA all star game?" Tags="|rules|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12839" CreationDate="2016-01-14T08:27:50.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The starting lineup for each squad is selected by a fan ballot, while the reserves are chosen by a vote among the head coaches from each squad's respective conference. Coaches are not allowed to vote for their own players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The head coach of the team with the best record in each conference is chosen to lead their respective conference in the All-Star Game, with a prohibition against repeat appearances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fans vote on the starters for the game, selecting three frontcourt players and two guards from each conference. NBA coaches vote for the reserves for their respective conferences, none of which can be players on their own team. Each coach selects two guards, three frontcourt players and two wild cards, with each selected player ranked in order of preference within each category. If a multi-position player is to be selected, coaches are encouraged to vote for the player at the position that is &quot;most advantageous for the All-Star team&quot;, regardless of where the player is listed on the All-Star ballot or the position he is listed in box scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is unavailable for the game due to injury, the NBA commissioner selects a replacement for the roster. If the replacement is for a fan-selected starter, the all-star coach chooses the replacement in the starting lineup, and is not limited to the commissioner's addition to the roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible for more than one All-Star to be selected from one team, but there has never been more than 4 All-Stars represent a team in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Slam Dunk contest, players nominate themselves as competitors. Usually it is up-and-coming youngsters who take part in the challenge, though there are no rules(that I am aware of) stopping more experienced players participating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 3-point contest as well, players nominate themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T08:27:50.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12837" CreationDate="2016-01-14T09:20:51.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only thing I've ever used is something like &quot;The setter's at 4&quot; or whatever - although I'd expect that if you're playing at a level where you've got designated roles, people should know where they are on court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T09:20:51.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-14T16:09:35.087" Score="4" ViewCount="1138" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jan/14/real-madrid-and-atletico-madrid-banned-from-signing-players-for-two-transfer-windows&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid&lt;/a&gt; have just been punished for irregular signings of underage players (just as Barcelona was not so long ago), I was wondering what kind of restrictions there are on underage players going pro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially in Europe and South America, it is not uncommon for great players to establish themselves as first-team regular starters before turning 18, or in some cases even 17. For example, Agüero started playing for Independiente at 15, and by the time he was 17, he was one of the key players of the team. See also Muniain with Athletic Bilbao, Bojan and Messi with Barcelona, Donnarumma with Milan, C. Ronaldo with Sporting, etc, all of which went pro before turning 18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how do these contracts work? Is the money these players earn put in a fund and made available to them when they become of age? Can other clubs pay a transfer for them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T14:52:52.543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T14:52:52.543" Title="Legislation on professional underage athletes" Tags="|football|fifa|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12657" CreationDate="2016-01-14T16:29:33.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is one of the primary reasons for the graphite shaft being introduced.&#xA;Shaft manufacturers offer a range of stiffness ratings so players can get the most benefit for their swing speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote wikipedia (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(golf)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_(golf)&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Shafts are quantified in a number of different ways. The most common is the shaft flex. Simply, the shaft flex is the amount that the shaft will bend when placed under a load. A stiffer shaft will not flex as much, which requires more power to bend and &quot;whip&quot; through the ball properly (which results in higher club speed at impact for more distance), while a more flexible shaft will whip with less power required for better distance on slower swings, but may torque and over-flex if swung with too much power causing the head not to be square, resulting in lower accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10574" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T16:29:33.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12843" CreationDate="2016-01-14T21:09:10.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding FIFA's official transfer laws, international transfer of minors is not allowed if the player is under the age of 18 (which is the definition of a minor). There are 3 exceptions, as explained in  Article 19 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/regulations_on_the_status_and_transfer_of_players_en_33410.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players&lt;/a&gt; (pages 17 and 18):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Article 19:  Protection of minors&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; International transfers of players are only permitted if the player is over &#xA;  the age of 18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; The following three exceptions to this rule apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) The player’s parents move to the country in which the new club is &#xA;  located for reasons not linked to football; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) The transfer takes place within the territory of the European &#xA;  Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) and the player &#xA;  is aged between 16 and 18. In this case, the new club must fulfil &#xA;  the following minimum obligations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;i) It shall provide the player with an adequate football education &#xA;  and/or training in line with the highest national standards.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ii) It shall guarantee the player an academic and/or school and/or &#xA;  vocational education and/or training, in addition to his football &#xA;  education and/or training, which will allow the player to pursue &#xA;  a career other than football should he cease playing professional &#xA;  football.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;iii) It shall make all necessary arrangements to ensure that &#xA;  the player is looked after in the best possible way (optimum &#xA;  living standards with a host family or in club accommodation, &#xA;  appointment of a mentor at the club, etc.).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;iv) It shall, on registration of such a player, provide the &#xA;  relevant association with proof that it is complying with the &#xA;  aforementioned obligations;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c)  The player lives no further than 50km from a national border &#xA;  and the club with which the player wishes to be registered in the &#xA;  neighbouring association is also within 50km of that border. The &#xA;  maximum distance between the player’s domicile and the club’s &#xA;  headquarters shall be 100km. In such cases, the player must &#xA;  continue to live at home and the two associations concerned must &#xA;  give their explicit consent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; The conditions of this article shall also apply to any player who has &#xA;  never previously been registered with a club and is not a national of &#xA;  the country in which he wishes to be registered for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Each association shall ensure the respect of this provision by its clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.&lt;/strong&gt; The Players’ Status Committee shall be competent to decide on &#xA;  any dispute arising in relation to these matters and shall impose &#xA;  appropriate sanctions in the event of violations of this provision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of Aguero, Cristiano Ronaldo, Bojan and Muniain, yes, they turned pro as minors, but there was no problem with FIFA because they all were signed by and played for clubs in the countries they were residing in. FIFA only regulates the transfer of minors to countries outside their domicile. In the case of Messi, Barcelona agreed to relocate his entire family from Argentina to Spain, thus staying within the regulations. As to how the players were paid when they were minors, that would depend on the laws for employment of minors in the respective countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the transfer bans handed to Atletico de Madrid, Real Madrid (and previously Barcelona), the clubs were found guilty of breaching the aforementioned transfer regulations by FIFA. Atletico and Real can appeal the bans with FIFA (and then with Court of Arbitration for Sport, if the previous appeal is turned down). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-01-16T05:06:31.123" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T05:06:31.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12847" CreationDate="2016-01-15T00:27:18.453" Score="5" ViewCount="1744" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played soccer from grade school through high school, but am now 31 years old and haven't played since then, nor been very active at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I decided to join an indoor soccer team and was wondering how to condition myself to best prevent injury (especially to my knees and ankles)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10637" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T10:44:40.443" Title="Soccer conditioning at older age to prevent injury?" Tags="|football|training|injuries|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12846" CreationDate="2016-01-15T10:44:40.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should start excising atleast a week before you start playing. Since its been so long since you played, your knees and muscles would be a little rusty. You might want to stretch them out. Don't just start playing one fine day, trust me, you will have to endure a lot of pain and discomfort after the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take it slow&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start by getting up in the morning and walking a few miles. Then start jogging. Get those knees and muscles to stretch. Do a few basic exercises, like a few push-ups and crutches. Stretch your arms and do a bit of arm and neck rotations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start playing for short periods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't play for a very long time. Play for 10-15 minutes for you initial game. You can gradually increase the duration once your body adjusts to the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never forget to re-hydrate&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your body will tend to sweat out a lot and you could be severely dehydrated. So drink water and have electrolytes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk to your team and your opponents&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being careful is always a good option. Don't hesitate to tell you team and your opponents to take it easy as you have not played for a long time. You don't want them sliding for the ball at your feet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Always stay safe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't forget your shin guard and your basic protections. Wear good boots and proper jersey material. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't hesitate to call it a day&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should stop playing whenever you don't feel all that good. Don't push your body to play longer. Your body might not have enough juice to go on with the game any longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These tips should help you. Always consult an expert, say a football coach closer to your age or a football physician. Stay safe, stay active. And there's nothing better than football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10368" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T10:44:40.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12849" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-16T16:09:39.937" Score="3" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does it exists in biathlon a sort of ethical code that prevents the athlete to leave a race even if the final results is very compromised?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the today Mass Start (16 gen 2016 in Ridnaun-Val Ridanna) Bjorndalen has 2+3+2+3 error for the 4 sessions. I do not think that the points raised in today's race from Bjornadalen can be important for general or specialty rankings so I do not understand why he is not leave after the 2nd / 3rd lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not a good show to view the most important biathlete of ever to run alone in the last position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if withdraw during the race was seen as a lack of respect for the public or for other competitors&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-16T21:10:52.147" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T21:10:52.147" Title="Ethical code in biathlon?" Tags="|biathlon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-17T06:32:32.343" Score="-2" ViewCount="3188" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: The question &lt;a href=&quot;http://What%20is%20the%20procedure%20to%20become%20a%20Cricket%20Umpire?&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;What is the procedure to become a Cricket Umpire?&lt;/a&gt; does not answer my question. It does not address the TIME required for an umpire required to reach national level from local level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, after officiating local matches, how much time does a state association take to send one's name to BCCI for level 1 exam?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding to the question, also how much time does it take for one to reach Ranji level from club level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10647" LastEditorUserId="10647" LastEditDate="2016-01-17T07:19:22.633" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T06:51:33.477" Title="How much are Cricket Umpires paid in India starting from Club level to Ranji, Duleep trophy, etc.?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-01-19T13:43:35.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12856" CreationDate="2016-01-18T03:53:10.167" Score="6" ViewCount="8262" Body="&lt;p&gt;The draw in the 2016 Australian Open &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/scores/draws/ms/&quot;&gt;(mens)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/scores/draws/ws/&quot;&gt;(womens)&lt;/a&gt; does not seem to follow the top-seed vs. bottom-seed format common in tournaments such as the NCAA College basketball tournament. For instance, Serena Williams plays Camila Giorgi who is ranked 35th while  Su-Wei Hsieh who is ranked 90th plays Jelena Ostapenko who is ranked 81st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are these draws created?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Australian Open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Majors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10652" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T07:14:14.630" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T12:37:57.680" Title="How are tennis tournament draws determined?" Tags="|rules|trivia|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12853" CreationDate="2016-01-18T06:46:33.360" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Found an article &lt;a href=&quot;https://cricket.yahoo.com/news/bcci-registers-umpires-and-hikes-their-fee.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; regarding salaries of cricket umpires in India. However, this was in 2012, so not sure if salaries have been changed since. The article mentions the following for local(non-international) matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The umpires who are a part of ICC's International Panel and BCCI's Elite Panel receive ₹20,000 per day of the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The other umpires registered under BCCI receive ₹15,000 per day of the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from this, all umpires receive ₹750 as daily allowance, ₹600 as conveyance allowance, and free hotel accommodation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see the salaries of umpires part of the ICC International Panel see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalsportek.com/cricket/icc-umpires-salaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T06:51:33.477" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T06:51:33.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12854" CreationDate="2016-01-18T07:14:23.977" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Top players position (32 for Grand Slam Tournaments) are determined by official rankings then other players who enter directly in the main draw &lt;strong&gt;are drawn&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is it possible that the 33rd players (if all the first 32 take part to the Grand Slam) is raffled to play the first round versus draw numer 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/video/live.draw.html&quot;&gt;Here the video of the draw of Australian Open 2016&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule applies to every tournaments, Grand Slam and minor ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the main draw there are also free slot assigned by tournaments directors (Wild Cards) and for qualifing. Tennis players that do not enter directly in the main draw for rankings can play the qualification. The qualification draws are managed in the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Draws/2016/1049.pdf&quot;&gt;Auckland 2016 draw&lt;/a&gt; you can see that the &quot;last&quot; tennis player direct acceptance (no qualification needed) in Mariana Duque-Marino (ranking 78th), there are 4 slot for qualification players and 2 Wild Cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past was the ranking rules was not followed so closely: maybe there are players strong on grass and weak on clay so there where a bit of adjustments, but this way generate many controversy so now it is followed the &quot;rankings rules&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T12:37:57.680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T12:37:57.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12858" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12873" CreationDate="2016-01-18T17:54:36.793" Score="2" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the AFC Divisional Playoff round game between the Steelers and Broncos on Sunday January 17 2016, I noticed a hesitation longer than usual before the first snap from scrimmage on the opening drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opening kickoff was downed, and there was no time lost on the clock.  With 15:00 to go in the first, Roethlisberger seemed to take some time being sure of the play call.  I noticed for the first time that the game clock was running down in this scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: is it legal for either team to call timeout given this scenario?  I am well aware that to do so is not the height of coaching mastery or game management.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a follow-up question, if it is legal, has anyone ever done it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T15:24:00.950" Title="NFL: Can timeout be called before first opening drive snap?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12860" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-19T01:25:50.497" Score="2" ViewCount="1795" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are runners on 2nd and 1st base, and they're both leading off. The pitcher throws to 1st to try to get him out - is the runner on 2nd base allowed to run to 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10656" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T13:38:55.173" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T23:29:24.120" Title="If the pitcher throws to 1st base to try to get the base runner out, is the runner on 2nd allowed to run to 3rd?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12864" CreationDate="2016-01-19T01:32:03.897" Score="6" ViewCount="7772" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an NBA team has 5 players left, and one player gets fouled out, do you keep the player in or let the team play with 4 players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T08:49:53.513" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T03:20:44.733" Title="What happens if an NBA team is reduced to less than five players by fouling out?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12861" CreationDate="2016-01-19T08:43:28.950" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player stays in. This is covered by Rule 3, Section I of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot;&gt;NBA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player in the game receives his sixth personal foul and all substitutes have already been disqualified, said player shall remain in the game and shall be charged with a personal and team foul. A technical foul also shall be assessed against his team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T08:43:28.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12861" CreationDate="2016-01-19T08:44:36.277" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_3.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule 3&lt;/a&gt; Section 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a.  Each team shall consist of five players. No team may be reduced to less than five players. If a player in the game receives his sixth personal foul and all substitutes have already been disqualified, said player shall remain in the game and shall be charged with a personal and team foul. A technical foul also shall be assessed against his team. All subsequent personal fouls, including offensive fouls, shall be treated similarly. All players who have six or more personal fouls and remain in the game shall be treated similarly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b.In the event that there are only five eligible players remaining and one of these players is injured and must leave the game or is ejected, he must be replaced by the last player who was disqualified by reason of receiving six personal fouls. Each subsequent requirement to replace an injured or ejected player will be treated in this inverse order. Any such re-entry into a game by a disqualified player shall be penalized by a technical foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule is just for NBA and WNBA. NCAA and FIBA rules state the team must continue to play with 4 players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T08:44:36.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16196" CreationDate="2016-01-19T12:35:55.013" Score="7" ViewCount="1116" Body="&lt;p&gt;When watching (steel) darts I noticed the scores are there immediately after each leg. Who counts them? Is it the referee? Is it the someone in the back watching through cameras? Is it a machine? Does the table have sensors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10658" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-05-26T19:48:28.963" LastActivityDate="2017-05-26T19:48:28.963" Title="Who counts darts scores?" Tags="|officiating|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-19T13:16:55.270" Score="15" ViewCount="1440" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the years between its victories in the 1993 European Supercup and the 2001-02 Coppa Italia, the club formerly known as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_A.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Parma A.C.&lt;/a&gt; had the rare distinction of having more European titles than domestic ones (not counting minor domestic titles, like championships of lower divisions or regional tournaments). The tally now stands at 4:4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there currently any clubs that have more European titles than domestic ones (again, excluding minor domestic titles)? I had put my hopes with Nottingham Forest, but it turns out that their tally stands at 3 European titles (2 European Cups, 1 European Supercup) and at least 4 domestic (1 League, 2 FA Cups, 1 Charity Shield), perhaps 8 if you want to count League Cups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-03-08T15:48:04.557" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T14:54:23.350" Title="Are there currently any clubs that have more European titles than domestic titles (excluding minor domestic titles)?" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12860" CreationDate="2016-01-19T14:09:56.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is yes.  But, in practice, it typically doesn’t happen because of the risk of being thrown out.  Assuming the ball is currently in play, there’s nothing stopping a runner from trying to advance to the next base.  In the situation you’ve described, the usual course of action for the runner on second is to retreat part way to second base on the off chance that the throw to first is mishandled in some way.  Returning part way would allow the runner to advance much easier if the throw to first was errant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T14:09:56.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-19T16:55:39.167" Score="-1" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for the names of websites that show NBA team season percentages of 2 point and 3 point shots that were made and missed after a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to all for your help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10633" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T09:37:42.007" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T09:37:42.007" Title="Where can I find NBA stats for shots made or missed after a foul?" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12860" CreationDate="2016-01-19T18:19:57.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball (at least as far as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; go; other levels can have different rulesets, though they tend to be similar), the ball is alive except when it is specifically defined as &quot;dead&quot;.  That definition is in Rule 5.09 in the current rulebook; while that's a longer rule than I want to quote here, what you'll find is that there is no reference to a pickoff causing a dead ball situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball can become dead when a runner calls for time, and the umpire grants it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.01 (b) (5.02) After the umpire calls “Play” the ball is alive and in play&#xA;  and remains alive and in play until for legal cause, or at the&#xA;  umpire’s call of “Time” suspending play, the ball becomes dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a pickoff it is certainly possible that the runner might ask for time and the umpire might grant it, but if the runner on second or third was in the process of attempting to advance, the umpire should not grant it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.12 (8) Except in the cases stated in paragraphs (2) and (3)(A) of&#xA;  this rule, no umpire shall call “Time” while a play is in&#xA;  progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2/3A are referring to specific problems with lighting or injuries, and not relevant here.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, it's permissible for a runner on second or third to attempt to advance during a pickoff play, assuming the pickoff play itself was during a live ball situation (otherwise it's pointless, as runners are not liable to be put out during dead ball situations).  It isn't a common occurrence at the major league level, but it is certainly possible in the case of a double steal (where both runners are attempting to advance, and the pitcher guesses correctly and tries to pick one off).  At lower levels, it may be more common as pickoff plays and subsequent throws carry more risk of overthrows or players not paying sufficient attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T18:19:57.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12871" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-19T19:46:37.063" Score="3" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are U-19 youth international test match (3 days) includes in one&quot;s First class career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10660" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:29:33.310" Title="Are U-19 youth international test match(3days) includes in one&quot;s First class career?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7101" CreationDate="2016-01-20T00:33:22.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A deep slice cross-court is both easy on your body and effective. With no knowledge of your skill level, using more of a &quot;blocking&quot; technique with your backhand may be easier to implement if you don't have the strength/quickness to pull off the Federer-style backhand slice (not many do!). Many aggressive servers begin a point with the goal of getting to the net as quickly as possible, but returning the ball deep while reducing the pace will set your opponent back on their haunches and take away one of their strengths. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You won't hit many winners with it, but it'll save your arm and help you cope with heavy hitters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T00:33:22.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12858" CreationDate="2016-01-20T00:41:34.903" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/7_Rule4_Game_Timing.pdf&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 5 Timeouts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  CHARGED TEAM TIMEOUTS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Article 1. The Referee shall suspend play while the ball is dead and declare a charged team timeout upon the request for a timeout by the head coach or any player to any official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's really all it says about charged timeouts in terms of when they can be called. So I assume it'd be perfectly legal. I've been unable to find an instance in which it's actually occurred though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T00:41:34.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12869" CreationDate="2016-01-20T12:46:35.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A shot that is missed, after a foul, doesn't count as a field goal attempt, so I don't think it's really possible or useful to keep track of it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T13:40:41.437" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T13:40:41.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12881" CreationDate="2016-01-20T12:59:03.507" Score="3" ViewCount="30221" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player tries to steal the ball from a dribbling player, the referees sometimes award a &quot;reaching foul&quot;. I just can't see any difference between a steal and a foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T08:11:48.380" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T08:11:48.380" Title="What are reaching fouls in the NBA?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12871" CreationDate="2016-01-20T14:29:33.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, age-group teams up to U19 cannot play first-class cricket. This is clearly stated in the document &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_FCD120A8291EE652F940541A07661A2C_1274949685555_215.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Classification of Official Cricket&lt;/a&gt;, on page 3, in the Notes to the First-class Matches section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Matches involving age-group teams up to and including U19 shall not be&#xA;  classified as First-Class matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that despite bearing the name &quot;Youth Tests&quot;, age-group international multi-day matches are not classified as Test matches, as the document makes clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Matches involving an 'A' team or age-group team shall not be&#xA;  classified as Test matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:29:33.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12877" CreationDate="2016-01-20T19:36:24.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The specific foul that they're calling (and is often called a &quot;reach in&quot; foul) is the defensive player touching the offensive player (&quot;making contact&quot;) in a disallowed way.  &quot;Re-routing&quot; as referred in the other answer is actually a different rule - that affects &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; players, but players guarding the player possessing the ball have a separate, more restrictive ruleset governing them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most defensive fouls consist of violations of this rule - basically, don't touch the player with the ball except in specifically allowed ways.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is Rule 12, B, Section 1, (b).  Most of Section 1 (except the penalties) is reproduced below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section I—Types&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;a. A player shall not hold, push, charge into, impede the progress of an opponent by&#xA;    extending a hand, arm, leg or knee or by bending the body into a position that is not normal.&#xA;    Contact that results in the re-routing of an opponent is a foul which must be called immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;b. Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the ball is not legal.&#xA;    This contact includes, but is not limited to, forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTIONS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(1) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball&#xA;      who has his back to the basket below the free throw line extended outside the&#xA;      Lower Defensive Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(2) A defender may apply contact with a forearm and/or one hand with a bent elbow&#xA;      to an offensive player in a post-up position with the ball in the Lower Defensive&#xA;      Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(3) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball&#xA;      at any time in the Lower Defensive Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;The forearm in the above exceptions is solely for the purpose of maintaining a&#xA;      defensive position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(4) A defender may position his leg between the legs of an offensive player in a postup&#xA;      position in the Lower Defensive Box for the purpose of maintaining defensive&#xA;      position. If his foot leaves the floor in an attempt to dislodge his opponent, it is a&#xA;      foul immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(5) Incidental contact with the hand against an offensive player shall be ignored if it&#xA;      does not affect the player’s speed, quickness, balance and/or rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;c. Any player whose actions against an opponent cause illegal contact with yet another&#xA;    opponent has committed the personal foul.&#xA;    d. A personal foul committed by the offensive team during a throw-in shall be an offensive&#xA;    foul, regardless of whether the ball has been released.&#xA;    e. Contact which occurs on the hand of the offensive player, while that hand is in contact&#xA;    with the ball, is legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T19:36:24.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12760" CreationDate="2016-01-21T03:20:10.833" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are balls for every level of player--literally hundreds of different models to choose from. You should never spend $50 on a dozen of Pro V1's if you are having to ask which ball is right for you. If you are not regularly shooting in the low 90's or below, that is a waste of money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to find out which ball is best for you is to get fitted. That means going to your local golf mega-store or club with the necessary fitting facilities and a wide variety of balls to try out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within each brand, there should be a ball that suits your swing speed, preferred launch angle, and the amount of spin you require on short shots from 100 yards in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't have access to a ball-fitting center, here is some general info about golf balls that may help you find the right one for your current level of play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The more expensive the ball, the more pieces (layers) it consists of. Pro V1's, Callaway Chrome Soft, Taylormade Penta TP, Srixon Z-Star and the other $40+ per dozen balls are all 4-piece balls. They typically have an outer layer that help you spin/stop the ball with your wedges. If you can't control your wedge shots to that extent, these expensive balls are not for you. If you spray your tee shots left and right, you will be wasting a lot of money on lost balls and see very little difference in what these balls are designed to give the top-notch player.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Balls with names like Power Distance, Burner, Superhot, Mojo, Gold Distance, and Distance whatever are geared towards weekender/hackers. Most of them are two-piece balls that don't spin a lot, either on drives or pitches. They are designed to get the maximum distance and go as straight as possible. A lot of them have low-compression cores that allow players with swing speeds around 90mph and under get the most distance out of their limited club head speed. They typically sell for $20 or less. Noodle is as good as any if you are a hacker and don't want to blow your paycheck on Pro V1's that will end up in ponds, backyards and lost among the trees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are some really good three-piece balls in the $25 range. These balls try to combine the characteristics of the high-end balls and the low-end Superburnerdistanceflystraight variety. Bridgestone e6 is a great option for players with swing speends around 95mph (like myself). Price is around $26, distance is about as good as it gets for that speed of swing, and if you know how to do it, it gives you plenty of spin around the greens. Not nearly as much spin as a Pro V1 or Chrome Soft, but enough to slow down runaway chips and stop full pitches in their tracks. I have also had similar results with Callaway Hex Chrome/Chrome+ (if you can still find them) as well as Taylormade Project (a).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;XYZ brand balls often work best with XYZ brand clubs. Which clubs do you think Titleist uses in their labs when they let their robots hit thousands of balls to optimize the design of the a particular model? Taylormade? Titleist balls are optimized with Titleist clubs, Callaway with Callaway and Taylormade with Taylormade. That doesn't mean that the ball does not perform with a different brand's clubs. The point I am trying to make is that you shouldn't shy away from trying the brand that matches your driver. You may be surprized to find how they complement each other.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Balls feel different. One ball may get you great distance and enough spin, but you may not like the way it feels on the clubface. This gets more evident with your putter. Thus, you can read reviews and listen to the recommendations of other players, but ultimately you are going to have to play with a variety until you find your match. If you don't want to spend the money buying a dozen new balls, trying them out just to find you don't like them, you may want to consider buying a mixed bag of refurbished balls and then trying to play with the same model for a few weeks and then move on to the next until you find one you really like.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10666" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T03:20:10.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12883" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16239" CreationDate="2016-01-21T04:02:09.650" Score="3" ViewCount="3808" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player is offsides in ice hockey, they can &lt;em&gt;tag up&lt;/em&gt; by skating back to the blue line and having at least one skate in contact with the blue line, and then return back into the zone to continue play without off sides being called (assuming the league they are in allows delayed offsides). At least, this is how I've always played it in the leagues I've been in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in reading up on some of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1085038-off-sides&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;off-sides refereeing scenarios on USAHockey&lt;/a&gt;, I came across this description of what constitutes &lt;em&gt;the zone&lt;/em&gt; (1st scenario on the page):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the puck moves from the Neutral Zone into a team’s Attacking Zone, the edge of the blue line closer to the Attacking Zone is the determining edge. Until the puck completely crosses the blue line, the 12 inch width of the blue line is a part of the Neutral Zone. However, the instant the puck completely crosses the blue line, the determining edge is reversed and the width of the blue line becomes a part of the Attacking Zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To paraphrase, the blue line is part of the neutral zone &lt;em&gt;until&lt;/em&gt; the puck crosses into the attacking zone, at which point the blue line is now &lt;em&gt;part of&lt;/em&gt; the attacking zone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That seems to contradict the 'tag up' rule which, to me, should require the user to get at least one skate &lt;em&gt;beyond&lt;/em&gt; the blue line since that is now technically what constitutes the edge of the neutral zone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Am I misunderstanding the tag-up requirements, or is this simply a slight contradiction in the logic of off sides rules and simply &quot;is what it is&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastEditorUserId="7605" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T18:01:44.287" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T04:32:18.037" Title="Hockey offsides: reconciling the definition of the zone with the tagging up rule" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12827" CreationDate="2016-01-21T04:14:43.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just at theory, but it may be that they were sharpened with a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wissota.com/learning-about-radius&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;radius&lt;/a&gt; other than you are used to...likely a smaller radius (and therefore deeper 'dish'). The smaller the radius, the more 'bite' the blade has. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Granted, that should affect both skates, but perhaps you're not noticing it on your stronger side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T04:14:43.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12897" CreationDate="2016-01-21T09:54:13.483" Score="6" ViewCount="598" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am nearsighted, such that everything would be opaque without glasses and I can not play squash, practically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've lived with the glasses over 20 years in daily life without any problem, but now they are considerable bottleneck within  playing squash, because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;As a matter of safety&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: People assert that any probable smashing hit from the ball to the glasses could be really dangerous for me... So, I better not not think about playing squash with glasses...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As a matter of performance&lt;/strong&gt;: The glasses will slip on my face... Therefore, I can not have the desired agility, noticeably.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've studied something about potential options for this problem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The contact lenses&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: They are highly-criticized by some experts and probably are not the right solution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Goggles&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: They sound to be able to handle the issue, in view of the security, but they are not, supposedly, usable to fix my eyesight problem (as glasses do)...&#xA;I've found no evidence for medical goggles, within whose structure the medical lenses, just like glasses, have been used...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would you please do me a favor and share any potential experience about the matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10669" LastEditorDisplayName="user10669" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T12:55:15.533" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T22:03:21.817" Title="How to handle a squash match, as a very-nearsighted athlete?" Tags="|tennis|badminton|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12890" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-21T13:12:52.163" Score="5" ViewCount="867" Body="&lt;p&gt;Away goals rule is often used in cups competitions and knock-out stages competition. It is applicable for two-legged ties, i.e. when the teams play one game home and one game away. If the two teams scored the same number of goals, the team which scored more goals in the away game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule#Summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; on this rule mentions, there are some variations to this rule. For example, in semifinals of Football League Cup, this rule is only applied after the extra time. (Here is link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Away_goals_rule&amp;amp;oldid=690903205#Summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can say, nowadays this type of tie-breaker is used quite frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there some major completions with two-legged ties (cups or knockout phases of tournaments) where away goals rule is not used as a tie-breaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T09:37:50.810" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T09:37:50.810" Title="Are there some major cup competitions not using away goals rule?" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12890" CreationDate="2016-01-21T16:01:19.853" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two major South American international club competitions (&lt;em&gt;Copa Libertadores de América&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Copa Sudamericana&lt;/em&gt;) currently use away goals rule in all knockout phases BUT the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the finals, two matches are played. If the tie in points and goals persists, a 30 minutes extra time (in two halves) is played. If the tie still persists, a penalty shoot-out defines the champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10672" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T16:01:19.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3844" CreationDate="2016-01-21T19:27:21.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No one has mentioned the &quot;C-cut&quot; style of backwards skating (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rp-V8ARCrds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;), which leaves tracks something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; ||  &#xA; | \  &#xA; | /  &#xA; ||  &#xA;/ |   &#xA;\ |  &#xA; ||  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this style has greater potential for efficient backwards skating, because it eliminates side-to-side motion. It also takes advantage of weight shifts from leg to leg, giving each leg time to rest, and mimicking natural human locomotion patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8996" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T19:27:21.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12745" CreationDate="2016-01-21T23:29:58.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the country, I guess. In France, there are no ARs at the lowest levels, so you always start as a center referee. You can get designated for games at your level as a referee, or at some higher level games as an AR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on your ranking at the end of the season, you can get promoted or relegated, just like teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, if you have a preference for being an AR (due to an advanced age or just... preference), you can choose the &quot;AR track&quot; and become a &quot;specific AR&quot;. You get promoted or relegated in the AR rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the top national levels, ARs all belong to the AR track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an example of how it goes in France, from the top national level (Ligue 1) to the last level (for my regional league and local league)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;National Level&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;          referee                 AR1            AR2           4th ref.&#xA;Ligue 1 : Federal 1 Referee | Federal 1 AR | Federal 1 AR | Federal 1-3 Referee &#xA;Ligue 2 : Federal 2 Referee | Federal 2 AR | Federal 2 AR | Federal 2-4 Referee&#xA;National: Federal 3 Referee | Federal 3 AR | Federal 3 AR&#xA;CFA (L4): Federal 4 Referee | Regional1 AR | Regional1 Referee&#xA;CFA2(L5): Federal 4 Referee | Regional1 AR | Regional2 Referee&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regional Level for my region&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;DH  (L6): Reg.    1 Referee | Regional2 AR | Regional2-3 Referee&#xA;DHR (L7): Reg.  1-2 Referee | Regional2 AR | Regional3 Referee&#xA;PH  (L8): Reg.  2-3 Referee | District1 AR | District1 Referee&#xA;PHR (L9): Reg.    3 Referee | District1 AR | District1-2 Referee&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;District Level in my district&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Exc(L10): District1 Referee | District2 AR | District2-3 Referee&#xA;PEx(L11): District1 Referee | District2 AR | District3 Referee&#xA;1D-P1D(L12-13): District2 Referee, ARs are one guy from each team&#xA;2D-P2D-3D(L14-16) : District3 Referee, ARs are one guy from each team&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see there is (theorically) one specific AR per games. This one is in charge of the benches' side. The other one replaces the referee in case of an injury.&#xA;In Ligue 1 and Ligue 2, the ref is replaced (if needed) by the 4th official. But there are two specific ARs in National (Level3) and no 4th official : thus, Federal ARs must have been Regional 1 referees for 2 years before turning into specific ARs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9337" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T23:29:58.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12894" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-22T01:30:02.057" Score="3" ViewCount="2197" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball hits the front wall then takes a bounce and then hits the sidewall. Is the ball allowed to take another bounce before being returned? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially the concept is that after hitting a wall the counter of having just 1 bounce would reset allowing another bounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10675" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-29T20:46:21.717" LastActivityDate="2022-10-29T20:46:21.717" Title="Does the ball hitting the sidewall reset the bounce?" Tags="|rules|squash|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-22T02:34:18.970" Score="0" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night I was playing in a league basketball game, and barely managed to evade fouling out from reaching. However, I am not sure whether or not I was reaching, or if the referee had the rules wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what happened (4 times):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our team does a 2-3 zone defense, and I am under the basket. The point guard (I'll call him number 10) runs past the front of our defense, and runs into me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More specifically, my &lt;strong&gt;feet are planted on the ground&lt;/strong&gt; and my hands are &lt;strong&gt;above my head&lt;/strong&gt;. When 10 runs into me, I make sure to not move my arms or my feet. However, &lt;em&gt;every single time&lt;/em&gt; (3 times in the first half), the referee would call a &lt;em&gt;reach&lt;/em&gt; on me, and never a &lt;em&gt;charge&lt;/em&gt; on number 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During half time, I asked the referee what I was doing wrong, and he said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Your arms are actively blocking the offensive player.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After half-time, I made absolutely sure that &lt;strong&gt;my arms were straight up&lt;/strong&gt; and I thought that there was no chance he could call a reach on me, but of course he did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I doing something incorrectly, or is the referee calling incorrectly? According to my coaches, if my arms are straight up, then there is no way I can have a reach violation called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I looked at &lt;a href=&quot;http://basketball.about.com/od/collegebasketballglossary/g/What-Is-A-Charging-Violation.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article but it wasn't specific enough.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thanks for your time!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10676" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T18:48:06.527" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T18:48:06.527" Title="Reaching Violation VS. Charging Violation" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12894" CreationDate="2016-01-22T03:24:49.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the rules on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/131023_Rules-of-Singles-Squash-2014.pdf&quot;&gt;World Squash&lt;/a&gt; site&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A return is good if the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6.2.1 is struck correctly before it has bounced twice on the floor&lt;/strong&gt;; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.2.2 without hitting either player, or their clothing or racket, hits the front wall,&#xA;  either directly or after hitting any other wall(s), above the tin and below&#xA;  the out-line, without having first bounced on the floor; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.2.3 rebounds from the front wall without touching the tin; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.2.4 is not out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, regardless if it hits the side or back wall, the ball can only bounce at most once to keep the rally going. &#xA;The rules only mention the requirement of hitting the front wall above the tin. the ball can strike any other wall at anytime provided the ball only has at most bounced once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T03:24:49.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12888" CreationDate="2016-01-22T05:53:38.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would've thought that the combination of contact lenses and goggles would be a good solution as long as you can get used to wearing contacts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally, I know plenty of racket-sport players who use contact lenses instead of glasses, my wife included. She insists they are better than glasses particularly because when wearing glasses, the ball/shuttle will be hard to track through her peripheral vision in which it becomes both blurry and slightly offset. I am an occasional contact lens wearer, for night cycling. I'm not aware of any serious health objections to contact lenses, provided &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bcla.org.uk/public/infection-and-contact-lenses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;good hygiene practice&lt;/a&gt; is followed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some people find contact lenses difficult to wear even after a period of adjustment/practice. If they are really not for you, it appears it is possible to get &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rxsport.co.uk/categories/Browse-by-Sport/Squash/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;prescription squash goggles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T05:53:38.393" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12900" CreationDate="2016-01-22T13:42:02.590" Score="3" ViewCount="657" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the main differences between a blade vs. mallet putters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10681" LastEditorUserId="10681" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T13:52:46.767" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:19:20.230" Title="benefits of a blade vs. mallet putter" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12899" CreationDate="2016-01-22T14:06:53.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mallet putters have a bigger clubhead (while maintaining a similar weight as the blade putter). Also, the weight in mallet putters is located away from the clubface, resulting in its center of gravity to be toward the back of the putter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The benefits of a mallet putter are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forgiveness (better stability when putts are off-center wrt the clubface).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Promotes a straight back-straight through putting stroke.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The benefits of a blade putter are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Simple design, not too much theatrics with this type of club. WYSIWYG.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Promotes a inside-outside-inside/through putting stroke.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Improved feel compared to a mallet putter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I play with a blade putter. I didn't mind a mallet putter, but I would sometimes ground my club on longer putts due to the weights. I do not have this problem with blade putters. However, this is more choice with respect to comfort level and feel than anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golftips.golfsmith.com/difference-between-blade-mallet-golf-putters-20031.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://golftips.golfsmith.com/difference-between-blade-mallet-golf-putters-20031.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://golf-info-guide.com/putters/blade-vs-mallet-putter-heads/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://golf-info-guide.com/putters/blade-vs-mallet-putter-heads/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T01:19:20.230" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:19:20.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8679" CreationDate="2016-01-22T14:50:39.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've played hockey my entire life, but can't speak with much experience about figure skating. Although, I do know the two are quite a bit different. Figure skates are designed for swift and seamless movement, while hockey skates are more rigid and designed to take more of a &quot;beating&quot;. These fundamental differences result in changes to all aspects of the skate, from the material used for the liner, to the shape of the blade. It makes sense that you'd have trouble switching from one to the other, but with more experience, I'm sure you'll find you can skate in either. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10682" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T14:50:39.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12910" CreationDate="2016-01-22T14:56:00.580" Score="3" ViewCount="2383" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently bought my first pair of snowboard boots. They are Ride Riot snowboard boots, and I am not sure if I should take them back or not. I should probably mention that I have not yet worn them on the hill (once I do, I won't be able to return them). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They fit quite snugly. My toes are just millimeters from the end if I am sitting down or in my snowboard stance, but if I stand normally or walk around, my big toes hit the ends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An immediate problem is that these boots are a men's size 13, and since these are larger sizes, it's highly unlikely that I'll find a size 13.5, so I'll probably have to jump up to a size 14. I wear a size 13 shoe, but I think I must work them in a little because according to the measurement I got at the store, my left foot is actually a size 13.5 (my right is a size 13). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I guess what I want to know is, is it better to stick with these slightly small boots, or jump up to a size 14? For those more experienced in buying snowboard boots, do you find they get slightly larger after being worn on the hill a few times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10682" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T15:14:03.080" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:44:54.530" Title="How tightly should new snowboard boots fit?" Tags="|equipment|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12895" CreationDate="2016-01-22T14:58:35.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taking your description on it's face (hey, nobody ever thinks they fouled!), it seems that the referee was wrong in saying that these were reaching fouls.  They would have been blocking fouls if you were truly in the wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You say that your feet were planted and arms straight up when the opponent runs into you, but the determination of whether it's called a blocking or charging foul then comes down to the timing of when you got set--was it before the other player &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/features/misunderstoodrules_051128.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;started his upward shooting motion&lt;/a&gt;?  At least that's how it works in the NBA and NCAA rules, but it may vary so might to see what rules your league abides by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only explanation I can think of that's compatible with both your description of being in a set position and the ref's comment about your arms blocking is that although you had your feet set and arms straight up, you &lt;em&gt;leaned&lt;/em&gt; into the offensive player.  Might that have been the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, next time try keeping your hands behind your back as the player comes toward you with your shoulders squared up toward him.  If a reaching foul is called then, you really need to look into how to get a different referee!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T14:58:35.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12251" CreationDate="2016-01-22T17:51:18.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Raw statcast data isn't available to the public, but one hack is to use the JSON files that the MLB AtBat App uses to populate its feed. These are accessible from: statsapi.mlb.com/api/v1/game/[GAME_PK]/feed/color, where GAME_PK can be found in the boxscore.xml of a standard gameday directory(i.e. gd2.mlb.com/components/game/mlb/year_2015/month_09/day_10/gid_2015_09_10_detmlb_clemlb_1/)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this JSON file, you can use some simple regex to get exit velocities, batted ball distances and launch angles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've developed some simple scripts to parse and import statcast, pitchfx and gameday data into a database. You can find those here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/brianhuey/mlbatbat_pgsql&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://github.com/brianhuey/mlbatbat_pgsql&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10683" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T17:51:18.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12905" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-22T18:01:20.453" Score="7" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wanting to get into riding the terrain park, and I was wondering what skis  lengths are best for hitting jumps. I've already looked into what the  pros and cons for long skis are for normal skiing, but I can't find anywhere what skis are best for hitting jumps. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10684" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T21:24:55.947" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T21:24:55.947" Title="Ski Length For jumping" Tags="|equipment|skiing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12908" CreationDate="2016-01-22T23:51:05.513" Score="1" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I go and buy skates, lets say &lt;em&gt;Bauer supreme&lt;/em&gt; there are usually different versions like *Bauer supreme*140 or Bauer supreme 150, 160 etc. The man helping me with my skates said that each one is a little better but is it really worth the extra 20 dollars to get a 140 over a 150? Can someone just tell me the main differences so I can figure out what which version to buy?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10685" LastEditorUserId="10685" LastEditDate="2016-01-23T00:09:43.153" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T00:50:44.087" Title="With different versions of skates, is it worth getting a better one for an extra 20 dollars?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-01-23T01:20:09.967" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12883" CreationDate="2016-01-23T00:05:47.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2005/06 season, the NHL updated the offside rule saying. &quot;To allow more continuous play and to increase pressure on the defending team, an attacking player who proceeds the puck into the offensive zone will NOT be considered offside if he returns to the blue line and makes skate contact with it--thus--&lt;em&gt;tagging up&lt;/em&gt; before resuming the attack on the forecheck&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10685" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T00:05:47.820" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12906" CreationDate="2016-01-23T00:50:44.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not an exhaustive list and I'm not an expert, but, &lt;em&gt;in general&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;lower priced models often can't be baked--so will take longer to wear in. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;lower priced models have non-replaceable blades, higher priced models can be replaced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the more expensive the model, typically the lighter the overall skate due to lighter weight materials&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the more expensive the model, the higher quality materials&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can't tell you which model is right for you. It all depends on your personal preferences, your budget and how much you play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7605" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T00:50:44.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12909" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12918" CreationDate="2016-01-23T02:38:46.057" Score="8" ViewCount="2443" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm still wondering why would football teams do a fair catch if they could run to gain some yards. And, why would the NFL make that sort of rule? Is it because of some sort of safety reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-01-23T02:46:47.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T03:12:05.343" Title="Why would NFL teams do a fair catch?" Tags="|nfl|strategy|tactics|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12902" CreationDate="2016-01-23T05:09:48.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Snowboard boots should fit tight around your entire foot, ankle, and calf.  Ideally you should feel about the same pressure against all parts of the inside of the boot with laces tight.  The only exception to this is around your toes which should have relief both in the long direction and upward.  You need to be able to move your toes freely otherwise they'll likely go numb with your laces tight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All boots will break in.  Whether they fit better or worse after break-in mostly depends on the quality of construction and how well your bindings fit your boot.  The heavier you are and the more aggressive your riding style, the more critical construction and fit will be.  Bad fit with the bindings and poor construction will result in distortion from break-in that causes pressure points and discomfort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9011" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T05:09:48.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13106" CreationDate="2016-01-23T12:01:45.910" Score="4" ViewCount="3111" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to watch a game between a local club where I am currently attending university and the club I support. Can I buy a match ticket from the home side but sit in the away section and support the visiting club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10687" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T06:54:36.613" Title="Can you buy a ticket from the home side but sit in the away section?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8887" CreationDate="2016-01-23T12:39:55.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ODI's can never result in a draw, unless weather prevents the minimum overs to be bowled, and therefore the number of wickets in hand at the end is really immaterial. This is because, unlike Test cricket, the match is won, lost or tied on whether the 2nd batting team reaches the target in the number of overs allowed. (i.e. a team can still lose with all 10 wickets in hand.) Their win should be measured in overs or balls remaining or their loss by the shortfall in runs. Tests, on the other hand, are only won by bowling the other team out twice (notwithstanding declarations), and so the number of wickets in hand or excess of runs is the relevant measure of a win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10688" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T12:39:55.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12917" CreationDate="2016-01-23T18:38:13.240" Score="4" ViewCount="1169" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a quote from Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;junior tennis&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine). I will also add a link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Junior_tennis&amp;amp;oldid=697456471&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; - in case the article changes in the future.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Junior tennis refers to tennis games where the participants are aged 18 and under. &lt;strong&gt;Eligibility to compete is not based on age, but year of birth: as a result, some players must move out of juniors soon after their 18th birthday, while others can play juniors until they are nearly 19.&lt;/strong&gt; Some players who qualify as &quot;junior tennis&quot; players also play in main adult tours, though forms signed by their parent or guardian are required for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody explain the rules about eligibility for junior tournaments in more detail? For example, as now is 2016, are players born in 1998 and later the ones who are allowed to compete this year in junior competitions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would also be nice to have some source for this. (As the Wikipedia article I linked to lacks references.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T18:38:16.977" LastActivityDate="2022-02-23T18:38:16.977" Title="Who is eligible to play in junior tennis tournaments?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12860" CreationDate="2016-01-23T23:29:24.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, as long as the ball is &quot;in play,&quot; a runner is allowed to run to any open base. The runner from first is allowed to run to second, or back to first. The runner from second is allowed to run to third, or back to second (in the last case, he prevents the runner from first from using second base). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most runners that are &quot;caught&quot; in this way prefer to run to the nearest base. If the runner from second is actually closer to third base, he's past the &quot;point of no return&quot; and should run to third base, and leave second base open to the other runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What usually happens is that the defense concentrates on one runner, leaving the other runner free. The most likely scenario is that they concentrate on getting out the first base runner, which means that the second base runner gets a &quot;free pass&quot; to third. If the defense then throws to third, maybe they overthrow and both runners advance. A good throw to third might nail the lead runner, but the first base runner advances to second in compensation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most likely result in these situations is that one runner is sacrificed to allow the other runner to advance. If both runners manage to advance, that's a good result for the batting team; getting both runners out is a good result for the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T23:29:24.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12914" CreationDate="2016-01-24T01:14:13.673" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/itf-junior-circuit-faqs.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FAQ&lt;/a&gt; on the juniors section of the ITF tennis website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q. How old do I have to be to compete on the 2014 ITF Junior Circuit?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. The 2014 ITF Junior Circuit is open to players born between 1st January 1996 and 31 December 2001. Players must have reached their 13th birthday in order to participate in an ITF Junior Circuit tournament. Players are able to enter ITF Junior Circuit events via their IPIN account from the age of 12 years 11 months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FAQ is a bit out of date (referencing the 2014 circuit), but I believe the rules are the same for 2016.  Thus players are eligible to play on the 2016 ITF Junior Circuit if they were born between January 1st 1998 and December 31st 2003. A look at the more comprehensive (and recent) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/220816/220816.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 ITF Junior Circuit Regulations&lt;/a&gt; confirms this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that not all federations have the same rules.  For instance in the United States Tennis Association, players are considered &amp;quot;juniors&amp;quot; if they have not yet turned 18 (so they become ineligible precisely on their 19th birthdays).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T17:11:53.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12909" CreationDate="2016-01-24T06:15:16.190" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, a fair catch is called &lt;strong&gt;when no yards will be gained if a return was attempted&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g., when a player of the kicking team is going to &lt;em&gt;crush&lt;/em&gt; the returner the moment the ball touches him. It allows the receiving team to safely retain possession while saving the defenseless returner from taking a crushing hit from a player moving at full steam. So yes, there is a safety reason, as well as a practical one, as holding onto the ball after taking a hard hit isn't a guarantee. If the returner fumbles the catch, the kicking team could potentially keep possession by recovering the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the receiving team, you forfeit your ability to better your field position by running after the catch when you call a fair catch, but &lt;strong&gt;you ensure that you at least retain possession&lt;/strong&gt;. If the fair catch rule didn't existing, receiving teams would often find themselves with very poor field position, as they'd likely elect to let the ball bounce to save their returner and ensure possession. This provides the kicking team the advantage of allowing the ball to continue to bounce and roll backwards until they touch it and the receiving team is given possession at that spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="10661" LastEditDate="2016-06-11T03:12:05.343" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T03:12:05.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12919" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-24T14:08:17.940" Score="8" ViewCount="8809" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am interested in the typical daily and weekly training schedules of an NBA team (or any other professional sport team) &lt;strong&gt;during the season&lt;/strong&gt;. I did some research, but this seems not too easy to find. I don't necessarily want to know every detail (as this is probably not something teams and coaches will reveal), but I'm very interested in some rough numbers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How many hours of training does a basketball player in the NBA have per day/week?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much of it are individual workouts and how much is team practice?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much is athletics training compared to basketball sessions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much tactics and video sessions do teams have?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is the training integrated into the tight 82 games schedule with two to three games every week.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How high is the intensity (also compared to the off-season)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does recovery look like? What treatments are done and when (after games, after practices, both)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How big are the differences for the above between players?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1065" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T09:42:49.010" Title="Typical daily/weekly in-season training schedule of an NBA team" Tags="|basketball|nba|training|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12909" CreationDate="2016-01-24T15:43:21.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the receiving team, a more important priority than &quot;advancing&quot; the ball, is &lt;em&gt;retaining possession.&lt;/em&gt; A team is much better off with the ball at yard x than advancing it to yard x+1 or x+2 and turning it back over to the kicking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to prevent a turnover, a receiver must &quot;secure&quot; the ball (1-2 seconds), before running with it. A receiver calls for a &quot;fair catch&quot; if the defenders are so near that the receiver believes that he will be tackled in that 1-2 second interval during which he will secure the ball. That is, he will &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; be able to start running before being tackled, and fears the possibility of a fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier in the history of the game, the fair catch was undertaken with the receiver having one knee on the ground (basically the definition of being tackled). With the receiver having thus &quot;tackled&quot; himself, there was no need for the kicking team to tackle him, and they lost the right to do this, or otherwise interfere with the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2016-01-24T18:53:37.343" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T18:53:37.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12909" CreationDate="2016-01-24T18:53:48.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is for safety.   The main reason is so your returner doesn't get his ass rocked.  For instance you could have a punter specialize in punting the ball high 30 yards.  Coverage would be on top of returner.  If he catches it without a fair catch he will be maimed.  If he doesn't catch it on a turf field the punt could bounce for 60 years.  Turf does come into the equation on this because not only does the ball bounce further and generally in the direction it traveled but the gunners also generally make it down the field faster.  The modern game has definitely made the punt a lot more dangerous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T18:53:48.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5716" CreationDate="2016-01-24T19:09:52.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do now.  The Rams are back.  They didn't because fans chose to go to the beach and mountains vs football games.  They also wouldn't publicly back buying a stadium for an owner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T19:09:52.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4626" CreationDate="2016-01-24T20:38:03.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the EPL/Premier League if two teams are equal on points, goal difference and goals scored and the position is of value (deemed, winners, champions league automatic qualification, champions league vs Europa league or relegation) then a head to head playoff would be arranged.  If this looks likely before the last weekend of the season then contingency plans are initiated, the last time was 2013 when it was considered. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/article/165/8713867/play-off-chance-in-premier-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(sportinglife)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If more than two are equal then the EPL board would declare a mini league knock out to determine the position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither scenario has ever occured, the closest was in 1996 between Man U and Newcastle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: These are the EPL rules and did NOT apply to pre-EPL.  The EPL can NEVER be shared, there MUST be a winner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10692" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T16:58:08.313" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T16:58:08.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12925" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-24T22:25:04.447" Score="1" ViewCount="9592" Body="&lt;p&gt;The form of Tom Brady's helmet seems to be different than most players, even from his own team. His helmet have a somewhat old-fashioned look. Is there a known reason for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sw61M.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sw61M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WmLiL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WmLiL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7715" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T13:58:21.907" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T13:17:23.747" Title="Why is Tom Brady's helmet different?" Tags="|american-football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12926" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-24T22:53:44.413" Score="4" ViewCount="1692" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other than tennis, which sports, at a professional level, are played on &lt;em&gt;intentionally&lt;/em&gt; different surfaces?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10694" LastEditorUserId="10694" LastEditDate="2016-03-09T09:43:24.363" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T09:32:54.557" Title="What sports at a professional level are played on multiple surfaces?" Tags="|rules|trivia|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12942" CreationDate="2016-01-24T23:10:49.790" Score="5" ViewCount="473" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think an open stance is used mainly for cross-court shots, and a closed stance would be used for line shots, but I can also use a neutral stance for either of those. When is the optimal time(s) to use an open or closed stance?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10685" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-03T22:34:35.650" LastActivityDate="2016-03-08T16:31:42.100" Title="In tennis, when is the optimal time(s) to use an open or closed stance?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-01-24T23:34:42.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest examples I can think of to tennis, where the same rules apply across significantly different surfaces are soccer, American football and baseball, all of which can be played on both natural and artificial turf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking a slightly wider definition of &quot;one sport&quot;, there are some more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Athletics events happen on the track and on the open road (marathons).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Professional cycling happens both in velodromes and on the open road.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Canoeing/kayaking happens on both flat and downhill courses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equestrian events happen both in the arena (dressage/show jumping) and outside (cross-country).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Volleyball happens both indoors and on sand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T23:34:42.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12929" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-25T00:02:41.647" Score="4" ViewCount="1251" Body="&lt;p&gt;What percentage of onside kicks have been successful in the 2015 NFL regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In what percentage of onside kicks did the kicking team regain possession of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10695" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T08:42:25.727" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T08:42:46.137" Title="What percentage of onside kicks have been successful in the 2015 NFL regular season?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|nfl|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12930" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-25T00:51:05.510" Score="1" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know a guy who is trying to sign for a minor-league team that is asking for at least $10,000.00 U.S.D. (or equivalent in other currency) a week or $480,000 a year minimum. I can only find info on high-tier professional hockey teams and major leagues; nothing much on small leagues and ones unlisted on NHL.com. Is it possible to earn that much money by joining an unlisted league for the first time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10696" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T01:01:29.210" Title="Annual pay for a starter in professional hockey?" Tags="|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12929" CreationDate="2016-01-25T05:25:59.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of 66 onside kicks in the 2015 regular season, 9 were successful - good for a &lt;strong&gt;13.64% success rate&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/nfl/stats/onside-kickoff-success/2015/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T08:42:46.137" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T08:42:46.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12925" CreationDate="2016-01-25T05:47:54.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brady wears a Riddell VSR4.  It is a common helmet in the NFL.  It might be the most common.  Note that this helmet has a more traditional look, unlike most Schutt helmets or the Riddell Revolution.  The facemask is your run of the mill QB facemask too, so not really sure where you are going with Brady looking different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anything the VSR4 might be used by Brady so he looks better.  It is one of the lowest rated (for concussions) new helmets.  The only other reason I could think of is that the extra gear (speakers) that he needs fit better in the VSR4.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T05:47:54.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-01-25T07:58:32.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just another sport apart from the ones Philip Kendall mentioned, is cricket. While the outfield has to be of grass, the pitch can be of varied types. The condition of the pitch can vary from a green top to a completely dry,dusty surface. Like tennis, the different conditions of the pitches will suit different players/teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The various types of pitches include: (non-exhaustive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Green top (significant grass cover)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hard (bouncy surfaces)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dry (dry grass cover)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dusty (dry without any grass cover)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sticky (comparatively wet, generally due to rainy weather)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T10:23:56.357" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T10:23:56.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11863" CreationDate="2016-01-25T08:36:53.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are 2 outs when the appeal takes place, no runs score. If less than 2 outs, the trail runner would score.  Hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10698" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T08:36:53.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-01-25T15:19:14.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Athletics (track and field) is contested across several surfaces. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;road&quot; disciplines are contested on city streets (concrete, tarmac, etc.) and cross-country is in parks (grass, rocks, trails, etc.), but those could be argued to be different from track and field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within specific disciplines, several events are contested on different surfaces. Most notably, track events may be contested on 400m unbanked outdoor tracks and 200m banked (or unbanked) indoor tracks, even though the actual track surface may be the same indoors and out. The shot put uses different equipment indoor and out because the shot is put into a sector marked in sand or grass outdoors, but is usually landing on a hard (or lightly padded) floor indoors. The characteristics of the runways used for the pole vault, triple jump and long jump can vary significantly from indoors to outdoors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leaving aside the indoor/outdoor distinction, while all-weather synthetic surfaces are now the norm in athletics, until Mexico City in 1968 the Olympic track events were still contested on packed &quot;cinder&quot; tracks (with interesting results in Tokyo, where rainy weather made the inside lane of the track soft and uneven late in the distance races). Also, some grass tracks are still maintained, although not often used for competition these days. The rules of the sport allow for all of these surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T15:19:14.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12930" CreationDate="2016-01-25T16:22:34.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your friend is good enough he can ask for whatever he wants.  I had friends play minor league hockey for $250 a game plus room and board.  Another to the equivalent to 30k a year.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is some NHL players don't make that amount and certainly only top players in Europe make that.  So your friend making that much money from some small time team seems dubious at best to me.  If he were good enough to make that kind of money he would be playing for a top league where that money was more normal.  The only reason I can see is if your friend was kicked out of the top league (drugs/suspension).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T16:22:34.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12938" CreationDate="2016-01-25T17:09:33.727" Score="9" ViewCount="2355" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the last seconds of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2016012400/2015/POST20/patriots@broncos#menu=gameinfo%7CcontentId%3A0ap3000000627711&amp;amp;tab=recap&quot;&gt;2015 AFC Championship&lt;/a&gt; (Broncos vs Patriots), the ball was intercepted by a Bronco, and while the guy was running, he accidentally fumbled the ball and the Patriots recovered. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Patriots still had to do an onside kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why? Why didn't the Patriots get 4 new downs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am kind of a rookie and not a fan of either team but this really bothers me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10701" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-18T08:15:42.037" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T08:15:42.037" Title="What happens when there are 2 turnovers on 1 play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12937" CreationDate="2016-01-25T17:25:52.330" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;The play in question took place on a 2-point conversion, defined by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#section-41-try&quot;&gt;2015 NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; in Rule 3, Section 41 as a &quot;Try&quot; and covered in more detail in &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#section-3-try&quot;&gt;Rule 11, Section 3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A kickoff follows a 2-point conversion, no matter the outcome of said try. This is covered in Rule 11, Section 3, Article 4: &quot;After a Try, the team on defense during the Try shall receive the kickoff.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 41 - TRY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Try is the attempt by a team that has scored a touchdown to add one&#xA;  point (by a field goal) or two points (by a touchdown) during one&#xA;  untimed scrimmage down (11-3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#section-18-kicks&quot;&gt;Rule 3, Section 18, Article 5, Item 1&lt;/a&gt; states (emphasis mine): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Kickoff is a kick that puts the ball in play at the start of each&#xA;  half, at the start of overtime, &lt;strong&gt;after each Try&lt;/strong&gt;, and after a successful&#xA;  field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T00:32:06.337" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T00:32:06.337" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-01-25T19:17:40.947" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbowls.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bowls&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indoors this is played on carpet.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Outdoors it is played on grass, either Flat Green or Crown Green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There aren't many professional players of Bowls, in any of the three disciplines, but they do exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distance that the bowl has to travel is the same on both carpet and grass.  Of course it takes a lot more effort to send the bowl on grass, making the two disciplines very different to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T19:17:40.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1616" CreationDate="2016-01-25T19:52:21.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played defensive back for a D1 school in the early 80's. I think most teams then practiced yelling an alert word when interceptions occurred (e.g. Oskie, Bingo, etc...). Ours was &quot;WETSU&quot; which stood for &quot;We Eat That Shit Up&quot;. We loved using it in every practice during drills and even referred to interceptions as WETSU'S or SU'S in off field conversations, but I never remember hearing it used in a real game and doubt many other teams used their's either. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10702" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T19:52:21.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-25T21:58:06.743" Score="1" ViewCount="1820" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many players can you have on a high school baseball team? In middle school last year we were allowed to have 15 players and we did but ended the season with 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10704" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T22:23:34.273" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T22:23:34.273" Title="How many players allowed on a high school baseball team?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12927" CreationDate="2016-01-25T23:32:50.503" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you've pretty much said it yourself - a more open stance helps you to really tee off on cross-court shots whereas a closed stance helps you keep your stroke nice and tight to snap that shot down the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;optimal&quot; time to use these stances is, of course, &lt;em&gt;very subjective&lt;/em&gt;. However, since you say you can also hit these shots in a more neutral stance, I propose an &lt;strong&gt;experiment&lt;/strong&gt; for you that will help you &lt;strong&gt;figure out how your stance affects your shots&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next time you play, try &lt;em&gt;opening&lt;/em&gt; up your stance when you're trying to hit a tight shot down the line. Conversely, try &lt;em&gt;closing&lt;/em&gt; your stance when trying to hit a winner cross-court. Unless you're a very uncommon player, opening up your stance on a shot you're trying to hit down the line will likely result in a &lt;strong&gt;loss of accuracy and power&lt;/strong&gt;. Sure, you might keep the ball in, but it won't have the same zip on it, as you'll be &lt;em&gt;shortening your stroke&lt;/em&gt; in order to keep control (even if you don't realize it!). The same is true when you close your stance to hit cross-court. It's tougher to get the ball fully across the court when your leading shoulder is &lt;strong&gt;keeping you from following through&lt;/strong&gt; with a full swing. Most likely, you'll end up hitting the ball more towards the center of the court than you'd like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Footwork is often under-appreciated in tennis, in my opinion. Drawing a line running directly through both your feet towards the other side of the court as you take a hit is &lt;em&gt;generally where the ball is headed&lt;/em&gt;. This can also help you to anticipate your opponents shot placement as well. This isn't the end-all, be-all, but unless you're playing at a fairly high level, I find this info generally true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T23:32:50.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12930" CreationDate="2016-01-26T01:01:29.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Extremely unlikely if not practically impossible (I have never even heard of minor-league players earning 100K per year, let alone nearly half a million dollars for a first season of play).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd imagine he could make that much in a matter of years, but it is almost guaranteed to never happen in minor-league, especially as a first-timer. At best your friend would likely be capable of making $30,000-$70,000 and even that might be a stretch for some.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone in minor-league is making over 400K a year it's probably an extreme rarity as I have never heard of anyone claim such high pay seriously in my time as a player/coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10708" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T01:01:29.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12949" CreationDate="2016-01-26T01:29:54.753" Score="4" ViewCount="1618" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't find a dupe on this and it's an age old topic &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they call it a foul pole?  Fly ball, hits the foul pole and it's a home run.  That doesn't make any sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So my question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Have there been any initiatives in the past or currently where they may amend the name of the foul pole to a fair pole?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AND&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;If such an amendment were to begin, where would it begin with?  The commissioner, the owners, the Players Union?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T13:26:00.703" LastActivityDate="2016-02-27T03:43:29.830" Title="Shouldn't they call it a fair pole?" Tags="|rules|baseball|terminology|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12965" CreationDate="2016-01-26T01:38:09.597" Score="3" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Formula 1 the Concorde Agreement set forth a division of money from TV rights all the way to how much power individual teams had along with a special component for Ferrari where they could veto initiatives and no other team could.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much of the Concord Agreement is still in effect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know Ferrari still has veto power but what about TV revenue and such as well as revenue from races, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T13:49:19.987" Title="Is the Concorde Agreement still in effect?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12947" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12948" CreationDate="2016-01-26T03:49:18.280" Score="7" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basketball team &lt;em&gt;The Golden State Warriors&lt;/em&gt; call themselves dubnation.&#xA;Why? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10710" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T13:25:47.623" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T13:25:47.623" Title="Why do the Golden State Warriors call themselves dubnation?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12947" CreationDate="2016-01-26T04:52:30.943" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dub = short for W&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;W = Warriors&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different way of saying Warriornation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T04:52:30.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12945" CreationDate="2016-01-26T05:02:04.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is probably to just keep with the same terminology.  The lines extending from home to first to right field and then third to left field, are both called foul lines.  Anything outside of them are foul, just like the pole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is there were no foul poles when baseball was invented and I think they were incorporated in the 20s or 30s.  Before foul poles the umpires used the foul lines to judge if a homerun was fair or foul.  That line would go on forever and the ball was not judged where it crossed the fence, it was where it landed.  So think about the lost homeruns from players of the eras before.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you have foul lines that are fair and when the poles were inserted into baseball there was already common language.  So it was called foul poles.  Why isn't it changed?  Because tradition often trumps logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T05:02:04.190" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12797" CreationDate="2016-01-26T06:15:15.350" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You asked&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are curbs used in motorsport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short Answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curbs are used primarily as boundaries in motorsports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of curbs depending the circuit as well as the highest paying series that is going to leverage the circuit as a venue for one of it's events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA&lt;/a&gt; or Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile is governance body that most international motorsports adheres to.  A race series will often look to the FIA as a sanctioning body for fees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of the FIA's responsibilities to the series include circuit adherence to specific rules that define safety for drivers, cars, racing circuits and emergency response personal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://file:///C:/Users/paul.delasaux/Downloads/tableaulicencescircuit.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Circuits are graded by the FIA&lt;/a&gt;.  The grading is associated with particular types of racing.  A lower grade may have safety standards that comply with the needs of a GT car.  Licenses Grade 1 applies to Formula 1 racing which requires higher safety standards due to the extreme speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Longer Answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kerbs are primarily considered a component of circuit safety.  Kerbs have many different designs.  Some are known for their height and others for their width as well as placement.  Many are designed to slow a driver down.  Exit kerbs will frequently have a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/wp-content/uploads/Screen-Shot-2016-01-08-at-16.39.54.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;washboard design&lt;/a&gt; reduce adhesion should a driver place a wheel on the surface.  This helps to ensure drivers will stay within a boundary that is designated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kerb will serve as a buffer between the track surface and the adjoining surroundings.  Drivers exceeding the boundaries can damage their vehicles on some kerbing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kerbing design of particular corners can define that corner for decades creating awe at how drivers of the years approach the corner and deal with kerbing.  Some corners known to destroy components and others are known for their smooth transition allowing drivers to use the area to their benefit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controversy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Particular kerbs at certain circuits have controversy surrounding them.  This is not uncommon.  In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/95769&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this case&lt;/a&gt; former Ferrari driver Felipe Massa destroyed part of his right front suspension hitting a kerb which resulted in a crash during his qualifying for the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/f1-pit-talk-speed-humps-installed-in-runoff-at-highspeed-eau-rouge-corner-ahead-of-belgian-grand-prix/news-story/7d5bf3420082a2d1a7af53e6acb9f72f&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The barriers have also been moved back over the past two decades to give drivers more breathing room if they get the corner wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, organisers have recently installed a bunch of speed humps in the run-off area on the inside of the Raidillon curve to deter drivers from constantly trying to straighten out the corner too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the result of the change to the kerbing.  Needless to say this was changed before the next race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GeqHv.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GeqHv.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T06:15:15.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12524" CreationDate="2016-01-26T06:40:34.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KERS Does Not Cause Sparks&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KERS stands for kinetic energy recovery.  It is a set of magnets driven by the crank of the engine that become 'excited' by electrical impulse on deceleration of the vehicle.  The magnets then create an electromagnet field that creates resistance to the wheels and slows the car down while recovery electrical energy that is then stored chemically in batteries.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon acceleration the KERS unit can have it's polarity changed and turned into an electric motor that will drive the car forward in conjunction with the ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) and add power via electrical energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sparks&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @davidmneedham indicates in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12524/does-kers-in-f1-cars-cause-sparks/12528#12528https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12524/does-kers-in-f1-cars-cause-sparks/12528#12528&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; the sparks are from titanium skid plates mounted underneath the cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These skid plates are defined in the 2016 Technical Regulations Section 3 Subpart 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give you an idea of how tightly defined the technical regulations are I'm pasting the entire regulation related to skid plates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.13 Plank and skids   :&#xA;  3.13.1 Beneath  the surface formed  by  all parts   lying   on  the reference   plane,  a   rectangular plank,  with&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a   50mm    radius  (+/-2mm)    on  each    front   corner, must    be  fitted. This    plank   may comprise    no&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  more    than    three   pieces, the forward one of  which   may not be  any less    than    1000mm  in  length, &#xA;  but must:&#xA;  a) Extend   longitudinally  from    a   point   lying   330mm   behind  the front   wheel   centre  line    to&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  the rear    wheel   centre  line.&#xA;  b) Be   made    from    an  homogeneous material    with    a   specific    gravity between 1.3 and 1.45.&#xA;  c) Have a   width   of  300mm   with    a   tolerance   of  +/- 2mm.&#xA;  d) Have a   thickness   of  10mm    with    a   tolerance   of  +/- 1mm.&#xA;  e) Have a   uniform thickness   when    new.&#xA;  f) Have no holes    or  cut outs    other   than    those   necessary   to  fit the skids   permitted   by  3.13.2&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or  the fasteners   permitted   by  3.13.3, or  those   holes   specifically    mentioned   in  g)  below.&#xA;  g) Have seven   precisely   placed  holes   the positions   of  which   are detailed    in  Drawing 1.  In&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  order   to  establish   the conformity  of  the plank   after   use,    its thickness   will    only    be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  measured    in  the four    50mm    diameter    holes   and the two forward 80mm    diameter    holes.&#xA;  Four    further 10mm    diameter    holes   are permitted   provided    their   sole    purpose is  to allow&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  access  to  the bolts   which   secure  the Accident    Data    Recorder    to  the survival    cell.&#xA;  h) Be   fixed   symmetrically   about   the car centre  line    in  such    a   way that    no  air may pass&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  between it  and the surface formed  by  the parts   lying   on  the reference   plane.&#xA;  The lower   edge    of  the periphery   of  the plank   may be  chamfered   at  an  angle   of  30° to  a   depth&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  of  8mm;    the trailing    edge    however may be  chamfered   over    a   distance    of  200mm   to  a   depth   of&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  8mm.&#xA;  3.13.2 The  lower   surface of  the plank   may be  fitted  with    flush   mounted metal   skids   which   :&#xA;  a) Have a   total   area    no  greater than    20000mm²    when    viewed  from    directly    beneath the &#xA;  car.&#xA;  2016 F1 Technical   Regulations 17/90 2 December 2015&#xA;  ©   2015 Fédération Internationale  de  l’Automobile&#xA;  b) Are  no  greater than    4000mm² in  area    individually    when    viewed  from    directly    beneath &#xA;  the car.&#xA;  c) Are  fitted  in  order   that    their   entire  lower   surfaces    are visible from    directly    beneath the &#xA;  car.&#xA;  d) Must have    a   minimum cross   sectional   thickness   of  15mm    across  its external    boundaries&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  in  plan    view.   The minimum wall    thickness   between an  internal    fixing  hole    and the &#xA;  external    boundaries  of  the skid    must    be  no  less    than    7.5mm.&#xA;  e) Must have    an  upper   surface no  more    than    3mm below   the reference   plane.&#xA;  f) Must be  designed    such    that        they    are secured to  the car using   the fasteners   described   in&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3.13.3  and that,   when    viewed  from    directly    beneath the car,    no  part    of  the skid    is  more&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  than    50mm    from    the centreline  of  a   fastener    which   passes  through that    skid.&#xA;  g) Must be  made    from    Titanium    alloy.&#xA;  3.13.3 The  plank   and skids   must    be  fixed   to  the car using   fasteners   which   :&#xA;  a) Are  no  smaller than    M6  and are made    from    grade   12.9    steel.&#xA;  b) If   used    to  attach  a   skid    to  the car,    must    employ  at  least   1   fastener    per 1000mm2 of  skid&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  area.&#xA;  c) If   used    to  attach  a   skid    to  the car,    the team    must    be  able    to  show    by  calculation that    the &#xA;  shanks  of  the fasteners   (which  may be  no less than    6mm diameter)   are the weakest &#xA;  point   in  the attachment  of  the skids   to  the car.&#xA;  d) May  use a   load    spreading   washer  if  required.&#xA;  The total   area    of  the fasteners   and any load    spreading   washers employed    with    them    when&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  viewed  from    directly    beneath the car must    be  less    than    5000mm2&#xA;  .   The area    of  any single&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  fastener    plus    its load    spreading   washer  may not exceed  500mm2&#xA;  .&#xA;  No  part    of  any fastener    or  load    spreading   washer  may be  more    than    8mm below   the reference&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  plane.  For the avoidance   of  doubt,  the skids referred  to  in  3.13.2  will    not be  treated as  load&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  spreading   washers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T17:47:22.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-26T07:03:45.700" Score="4" ViewCount="630" Body="&lt;p&gt;My previous PB in the 60m was 7.21, with blocks. That was about 18 months ago, the other day I ran 60m in 7.47. I've read the blocks can effect the 100m anywhere from .2 - .4, how much will my time change with blocks to you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10713" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T09:36:02.837" LastActivityDate="2022-07-05T13:27:50.707" Title="How much do starting-blocks affect the 60m sprint?" Tags="|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12953" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14049" CreationDate="2016-01-26T18:27:27.320" Score="9" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems many sports have a system but it isn't always followed.  It may start with team owners and then voting to push it forward or 'commissioner' role may just implement something arbitrarily, something where it follows a convoluted path where other sports have a very rigid and set path for a rule change proposal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does MLB fall into the gamut of rule changes in the context of a set process?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When there is a rule change in MLB does it it follow a set process that occurs the same way every single time?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorUserId="10674" LastEditDate="2016-02-04T16:50:53.227" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T14:32:03.740" Title="MLB Rule Changes, what is the process?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12909" CreationDate="2016-01-26T19:55:40.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I might as well add something the other answers missed out on. Once in a long while, a team receiving a fair-catch can elect to do a free-kick from the point where the fair catch was called and caught. There have been very few occasions of these and even then, they are usually done in the last seconds of either half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T19:55:40.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12955" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-26T20:47:25.960" Score="8" ViewCount="1336" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if all or the basic amount of necessary players on a NFL team are injured in the same game and cannot return to play? Do they take some other players that are able to play such necessary positions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, on the 2015-2016 roster of the New England Patriots, there are two quarterbacks, Brady and Garapollo. If both are injured is it possible that they can be replaced by Edelman, an ex-college quaterback turned wide receiver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastEditorUserId="10360" LastEditDate="2016-09-24T00:33:11.810" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T00:33:11.810" Title="Players at certain position are all injured, what happens?" Tags="|rules|american-football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12955" CreationDate="2016-01-26T21:46:02.840" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;To a large extent, &quot;positions&quot; aren't defined in the NFL - there's nothing that says that only &quot;a quarterback&quot; can do stuff which a quarterback normally does. If the Patriots wanted Edelman to throw a pass, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZorFWMalTY&quot;&gt;they can do that&lt;/a&gt;, whether that be for one play or the rest of the game. They could equally do this with a running back, a cornerback or any other player, and they can do it no matter if the &quot;regular&quot; quarterbacks are injured or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only slight complication here is that players are assigned numbers based on their position, and certain numbers (50-79) are reserved for offensive linemen who are not eligible to catch a pass. However, any ineligible player can make themselves &quot;eligible&quot; for one play by reporting to the referee, so if a team &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; wanted to put an offensive lineman in at quarterback, they'd simply have to report in before every play (the quarterback is an eligible receiver, even if they're not normally going to catch a pass).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T21:46:02.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12968" CreationDate="2016-01-26T22:51:48.813" Score="4" ViewCount="752" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I've frequently heard of the 'Dime Package' in football.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the nickel package but don't get with the dime is.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Can someone explain the dime package and under what circumstances that it should be utilized?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T13:35:03.183" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T20:01:39.640" Title="The Dime Package in Football" Tags="|american-football|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12961" CreationDate="2016-01-27T01:18:32.663" Score="10" ViewCount="5356" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know what the Red Zone is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My interest is the etymology of the word.&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure of the first time I heard it or if they even used it when I was kid growing up in Oakland during the 70's.  Great time to be in Oakland btw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I listened to all the games on AM and don't recall them using the term Red Zone when a team was at the 20 yard line or within it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When did the term start being used?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bonus:  Who started using it first?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T07:46:47.970" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T20:56:06.283" Title="What's the etymology of the term Red Zone?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10628" CreationDate="2016-01-27T01:19:37.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm actually having a really tough time finding stats for this, which is kind of odd given the public's propensity for crashes. The best I've been able to find is &lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/motor/nascar/2009-12-16-crash-inside-the-numbers_N.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this USA Today article&lt;/a&gt;, which takes a look at crashes throughout the 2009 season. It also includes an infographic breaking down crashes by track for the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BABqO.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BABqO.png&quot; alt=&quot;Crash breakdown by track&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As you can see, Daytona is &lt;strong&gt;relatively average&lt;/strong&gt; when it comes to crash rate. The article says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Not surprisingly, Martinsville Speedway, Bristol Motor Speedway and Richmond International Raceway, the three shortest tracks on the circuit, recorded the most crashes and spins in 2009.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems the &lt;strong&gt;shorter tracks tend to have more crashes&lt;/strong&gt;, which I suppose makes more sense given that most passes occur during/coming out of a turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T01:19:37.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12959" CreationDate="2016-01-27T02:01:46.827" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Joe Gibbs&lt;/strong&gt;, the former Washington Redskins coach (1981–1992, 2004-2007), is widely credited with making the phrase popular in a Washington Post article in &lt;strong&gt;1982&lt;/strong&gt;. Supposedly, he tried to use it to motivate his 1981 team that was off to a terrible 0-4 start and had the worst offensive efficiency in the league when &lt;em&gt;inside their opponents' 20 yard line&lt;/em&gt;. The concept behind the phrase was created by a statistician (&lt;strong&gt;Dave Plati&lt;/strong&gt;) working for the Denver Broncos in &lt;strong&gt;1980&lt;/strong&gt;, in which he was given free reign to create new statistics, so he began tracking offensive efficiency inside the opponent's 20 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Joe Theissman&lt;/strong&gt;, the famed Washington Redskins quarterback from the early 80's, remarks in his book &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=uaQlUQyfgE0C&amp;amp;pg=PT50&amp;amp;dq=red+zone+football&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=m0XhTvFt5evSAebi8bEH&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=red%20zone%20football&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Complete Idiot's Guide to Football&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The red zone was so named because it represents the area where a red flashing light should go off. Don Shula, long-time NFL coach, called it the &lt;strong&gt;green zone&lt;/strong&gt; because that was where the money was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it was &lt;strong&gt;originally a military phrase&lt;/strong&gt; used for an area that was particularly dangerous, i.e., an area within firing range of the enemy that had no cover. The first documented use I can find of the phrase was during WW1, when areas of France were so devastated that they were deemed &lt;strong&gt;uninhabitable&lt;/strong&gt; by humans and labeled &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_rouge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;zone rouge&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; (which means &amp;quot;red zone&amp;quot; in English). They often contained unexploded ordinance, toxic chemicals, dangerous gasses, and many human remains, and the French government passed laws to temporarily (or permanently in some cases) keep humans from inhabiting or building on the areas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: Football use - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/sports/nfl/la-sp-ask-farmer-20151128-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coloradanmagazine.org/2013/09/01/man-who-charted-red-zone/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=uaQlUQyfgE0C&amp;amp;pg=PT50&amp;amp;dq=red+zone+football&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=m0XhTvFt5evSAebi8bEH&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=red%20zone%20football&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; - Military use - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_rouge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="9216" LastEditDate="2021-11-27T20:52:48.657" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T20:52:48.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12967" CreationDate="2016-01-27T07:06:07.853" Score="10" ViewCount="8437" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say it's 2nd and 5 at Team A's own 25 yard line and a runner makes of gain of 10 yards to the 35 yard line. What happens if offensive holding is called down field at Team A's 35 yard line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offensive holding beyond the line of scrimmage is penalized from the spot of the foul. So would Team A be rewarded with the first down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see two possible answers here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st and 10 from Team A's 25 yard line (first down is awarded and loss of ten yards)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd and 5 from Team A's 25 yard line (first down is not awarded since 10 yard walk off put them back inside the first down markers and replay the down)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Citing NFL rules would be helpful. I've read through them and am having trouble understanding how they apply to this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10718" LastActivityDate="2023-12-09T21:05:33.340" Title="Can a runner achieve a first down when offensive holding is called down field?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12963" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12964" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:02:36.143" Score="4" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referring only to the Premier League era (since 1992), how many times did it occur that two title challengers faced each other in the last game of the season to decide the fate of the trophy (i.e. both teams were in contention of the title till that point)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: I am not sure but I read somewhere that as the season comes to an end the FA tries to change the fixtures to make the top table teams play against each other during closing stages to make it more dramatic. (The 2007 Manchester United vs Chelsea final game reschedule was such an attempt but by the time that game came up Manchester United had already won the league)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T11:44:07.407" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T16:33:25.930" Title="How many times in EPL did a title deciding final game of the season take place between two title chasing teams?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12963" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:36:38.543" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know it has never occurred in the Premier League era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It had occurred, however, just 3 years before the Premier League started. In the final day of the 1988/89 English First Division season, Arsenal were playing Liverpool at Anfield and required a 2-0 victory to snatch the title from Liverpool's hands. Arsenal managed to pull it off as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/anfield-89-match-details&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Michael Thomas scored an injury time goal&lt;/a&gt; to give Arsenal the title in one of the most dramatic finishes to a season in English top-flight history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T16:33:25.930" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T16:33:25.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12946" CreationDate="2016-01-27T13:49:19.987" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell, yes it is still in force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Concorde Agreement was first signed back in 1981 but it has been renewed, with changes, seven times since then.  The current agreement was signed in 2013 and expires at the end of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details about the specifics you can read the Wikipedia article:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde_Agreement#Seventh_Concorde_Agreement_.282013.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde_Agreement#Seventh_Concorde_Agreement_.282013.29&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T13:49:19.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7041" CreationDate="2016-01-27T14:47:50.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a travel to lift your pivot foot To shoot and pass. The only time you can't do it off a 1 step jump stop, Which occur while you catch ball on move with 1 foot on ground and than come to jump stop. In this scenario you have jump of both feet to shoot and pass. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the person above is correct when he said, you can basically stand on 1 foot and not get call for travel. It the act of dribbling or landing your pivot foot that is violation of traveling.&#xA; Example . Caught ball establish a pivot foot,  pivot around. Lift you pivot foot, as soon as you dribble it a travel , or land your pivot foot it a travel. Basically you only could pass and shoot after you lift your pivot foot. It is not a travel standing on your non pivot assuming you not skipping on it or moving it. &#xA;If you are a ref and you been calling traveling because someone lift their pivot, you must have not been educated correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10719" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T14:47:50.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12962" CreationDate="2016-01-27T15:36:28.030" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;For reference, &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, and the particular section that applies to this is Rule 14, Section 1, Article 2, Item 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ball in Advance of Line to Gain:  If the ball is in advance of the line to gain after the enforcement of a distance penalty for a foul by team A during a play of scrimmage, it is first-and-10 for Team A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is possible to get a first down with an offensive penalty but it depends on the where the ball ends up &lt;strong&gt;after&lt;/strong&gt; enforcement of the penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, a holding penalty (a live ball foul) of 10 yards is marked off (1)from the line of scrimmage if the foul occurred behind the line of scrimmage, (2) from the spot of the foul if it's committed past the line of scrimmage but behind the downed spot of the ball, or (3) from the downed spot of the ball if it's committed ahead of the final downed spot.  For the example you give, I think you're most interested in #3--even if the hold occurs further down the field, say the 45 yard line, the penalty will be marked back from the end of the run (from the 35 to the 25).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this is a live ball foul, it's essentially part of the play and any new down can't be determined until marking off the foul (if the defense accepts the penalty).  So the fact that the runner reached the first down marker doesn't matter; what matters is the spot of the ball &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; marking the penalty.  In that case, the end result of your scenario is that it would be 2nd and 5. Basically, you can't separate the result of the play and the penalty into two different things; that's the definition of a dead ball foul of which holding is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your main question, there is one way to gain a first down on a play where the offense is flagged for holding, and that would be to have both the downed spot of the ball and the spot of the penalty more than 10 yards past the first down marker.  After marking off the 10 yards, you clearly can't have a &amp;quot;2nd and negative 4&amp;quot;, for instance, and the above stated rule is applied so a first down must be rewarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2023-12-09T21:05:33.340" LastActivityDate="2023-12-09T21:05:33.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12958" CreationDate="2016-01-27T20:01:39.640" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest difference is in the number of Defensive Backs on the field for the play, and you would use the dime defense to prevent the mid to longer range passes.  A couple of explanations below will help clarify it for you.  While it is great in the pass game, it does leave the defense susceptible to the run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American football, the dime defense is a defensive alignment that uses six defensive backs. It is usually employed in obvious passing situations. The formation usually consists of six defensive backs, usually two safeties, and four cornerbacks, and has either four down linemen and one linebacker, or three down linemen and two linebackers. This formation is used to prevent the offense from completing a medium- to long-range pass play. This may be because the offense's running game is inefficient, time is an issue, or they need a long pass for a first down. It is also used against teams whose pass to run ratio predominantly favors pass. The formation, however, is vulnerable to running plays as the formation is missing two linebackers, or a linebacker and a down lineman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A dime defense differs from the nickel defense – from which it derives its name – in that it adds a sixth defensive back to the secondary. This sixth defensive back is called a &amp;quot;dimeback&amp;quot; (D).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5r7iJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5r7iJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Dime Defense&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dime defense is a basic defensive formation that is designed to stop the pass. The alignment generally features either four down lineman, one linebacker, and six defensive backs or three down lineman, two linebackers, and six defensive backs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you take a look at the illustration above, you will see a diagram outlining the dime defense. The Os in the diagram represent offensive players while the Xs represent the placement of the defensive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular dime formation, there are four linemen on the line of scrimmage (imaginary line seperating the offense and defense). You have two defensive ends (DE), one on each end of the line, and two defensive tackles (DT) in between. Behind the defensive line is one linebacker (LB).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two cornerbacks (CB), one nickel back (NB), and one dime back (DB) combine with two safeties to cover the defensive backfield. The exact position of the defensive backs depends on the type of pass coverage they are in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime_defense&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://football.about.com/cs/a/dimedefense.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T20:01:39.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9198" CreationDate="2016-01-27T20:53:50.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the method described above, you can test your preferred stance by running and sliding across a sheet of ice or a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2UVsyVLLcE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;polished floor&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you find that you're still unsure of your preferred stance, keep it mind that its not unheard of for people to ride both ways pretty evenly. You don't necessarily have to adjust your binding to favor one stance over the other and even if you do, you can still ride both stances. Personally, I am goofy-footed and have my bindings adjusted to accommodate my stance but I will sometimes ride regular-footed for entire runs at a time without any trouble other than the added challenge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10720" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T20:53:50.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-28T03:47:25.687" Score="7" ViewCount="1982" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I've been just recently mastering ice skating and I'm getting pretty good at hockey from practice and I'm considering vouching for a small team to join soon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gave a few proposals, but was asked if I was part of the USAHockey group and I am not (didn't see a reason for it or didn't understand the purpose).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked the website and I am unsure what it is exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this like a union or something? I read the benefits, but what is the purpose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockey.com/membership&quot;&gt;http://www.usahockey.com/membership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;registering with USA Hockey provides all of the advantages of an unregistered league while eliminating the disadvantages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is it a league, group, union, all of the above, etc.? Is it a good idea to join if I intend to play hockey in minor league, or is this only for non-professional hockey? Yes, I am in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps anyone can shed some more details on the purpose of this registration with regards to hockey, hockey players, and playing hockey professionally (in other words, for money).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10723" LastActivityDate="2022-07-05T18:27:55.093" Title="USAHockey registration purpose?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12973" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12974" CreationDate="2016-01-29T00:39:09.120" Score="11" ViewCount="2504" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a football beginner, but still a fan. I've been wondering how could an American football team tie with another team. I know that there is OT (overtime), and I'm not sure if the game ends with a tie after one OT. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody explain to me how can an American football team tie with another team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T06:42:26.453" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T18:43:33.987" Title="How can an American football team tie with another team?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12973" CreationDate="2016-01-29T04:24:46.523" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, if the score is tied at the end of the fourth quarter, the game goes into overtime (OT).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current overtime rules follow a &lt;strong&gt;modified sudden death&lt;/strong&gt; format.  In this format, the first team to score wins the game, unless a field goal is scored on the first possession of overtime.  In that event, the team that did not score is allowed one possession to try to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overtime is a 10-minute period.  (Before 2017, overtime was 15 minutes.) During the regular season, if the entire 10-minute overtime period is played and the teams are still tied, the game ends in a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the playoffs, however, tie games are not allowed.  If the overtime period ends with no result, another overtime period is begun, and the game will continue until there is a winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NFL.com: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d827ee2c0/article/nfl-overtime-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL overtime rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sports Illustrated: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nfl/2016/nfl-overtime-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How does NFL overtime work?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T18:43:33.987" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T18:43:33.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-29T07:03:56.220" Score="13" ViewCount="1101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it true that in the past the volley was considered an unsportsmanlike shot in tennis? If so, why was this, and when did this attitude change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have heard this thing during a recent tennis match, and I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.eurosport.com/tennis/wimbledon/2015/com-era-wimbledon-nel-1877-le-origini-del-torneo-piu-antico-del-mondo_sto4815853/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article on italian Eurosport&lt;/a&gt; about the 1877 Wimbledon tournament, and I am curious about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-03T13:54:37.077" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T13:54:37.077" Title="Were volleys considered unsportsmanlike in tennis?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12977" CreationDate="2016-01-29T11:56:26.263" Score="4" ViewCount="3342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say, teamA score is 368 (369 to win), and teamB is batting at 368 (or 366). One run (or 3 runs) will make them win. The batsman hits the ball for a six, so score is 374 (or 372) which is more than the required 369. Even then the runs are counted for the team and for the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, on the last ball, suppose the batsman did not hit a six, but ran for a single : teamB will win. Can the batsmen continue to run until the ball is dead ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why will they want this ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(A) If batsman is at 98 and wants to reach a century.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(B) If batsman has a career total of 9998 and wants to reach 1000 runs.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(C) If the batsman has a very high record strike rate, and wants to remain at that record strike rate.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(D) In the championship, this is the last quarterfinal, &amp;amp; even winning will put teamB equal to teamC, and the better runrate at the end of the quarterfinals will enable them to move to the semifinals.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(E) Many similar situations can happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So coming back to the question : &lt;strong&gt;Do the laws of cricket allow running on the last ball, even after winning ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most of the matches I have seen, after winning, the batsmen do not even look where the ball is and start celebrating the win. If the rules did not allow them to run more, then fine. &lt;strong&gt;If the rules did allow it, then has there been any game where they did run more ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2016-01-29T13:32:59.487" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T22:46:12.070" Title="Do the laws of cricket allow running on the last ball, even after winning?" Tags="|rules|cricket|history|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12976" CreationDate="2016-01-29T12:35:51.060" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I found the answer :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;When running, if the target score is reached, then the batsmen can not run further.&lt;/strong&gt; If the ball goes for a boundary, that whole boundary is counted, even in excess of the target, but the &quot;extra&quot; running is not counted in excess of the target.  In the event of batsmen completing the winning runs prior to the boundary the boundary will not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Winning hit or extras&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) As soon as a result is reached as defined in 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5(a)&#xA;  above, the match is at an end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) The side batting last will have scored enough runs to win only if&#xA;  its total of runs is sufficient without including any runs completed&#xA;  by the batsmen before the completion of a catch, or the obstruction of&#xA;  a catch, from which the striker could be dismissed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) If a boundary is scored before the batsmen have completed&#xA;  sufficient runs to win the match, the whole of the boundary allowance&#xA;  shall be credited to the side’s total and, in the case of a hit by the&#xA;  bat, to the striker’s score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got to know this rule (and this website) through this question :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2121/does-the-batsman-get-runs-on-no-ball-when-the-team-requires-only-1-run-to-win?rq=1&quot;&gt;Does the batsman get runs on No ball when the team requires only 1 run to win?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2019-05-01T22:46:12.070" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T22:46:12.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3716" CreationDate="2016-01-29T14:50:47.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The strategic answer to the main question is: Field Position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please see this article: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.football.com/en-us/charting-the-importance-of-field-position/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.football.com/en-us/charting-the-importance-of-field-position/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, as you get farther away from the goal posts, the chances of successfully making the kick get lower and lower. As you can see in the linked article, as you get better and better starting field position, the chances of you scoring get higher and higher. Also a key factor here is that on a field goal, if you miss the field goal and the other team does not decide to return it, the other team gets the ball (their starting field position) on your previous line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So putting all of those things together, it is a much smarter strategic move to give up on the chance for 3 points, given the possible negatives, but instead use a punt to &quot;pin your opponent deep&quot; and give them very bad starting field position (optimally at their own 10 yard line or less.) Their odds of scoring are lower, and your odds of getting good starting field position are better, making it easier for your offense to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the sub-question as to why not punt the ball using the same kicking technique as a field goal: because then it wouldn't be a punt. A punt has different rules and circumstances than a field goal kick, and each is outlined in the rules if that sort of thing interests you: &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.calsci.com/TheRules6.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://football.calsci.com/TheRules6.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In layman's terms: a punt occurs when an offensive player kicks the ball while possessing it behind the line of scrimmage without it touching the ground. Most often this occurs with a punter and on 4th down, but it can be done by anyone and sometimes you'll see this happen with the Quarterback in shotgun formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10548" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T14:50:47.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12566" CreationDate="2016-01-30T02:30:02.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are TONS of pitchers that try to throw with multiple arm angles.  Some of the all time greats excelled at doing this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons you don't see it a lot more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;most pitchers need a ton of practice to do that and they don't have enough arms to get in 100 pitches a few times a week at multiple angles. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the non fastball pitches are really hard to adjust.  The twerk of your wrist and snap of your hand is different is you are straight over or sidearm for a curve/slider, even you changeup grip is different.  It is really hard to go back and forth for these.  A lot of pitchers struggle to throw these well at one angle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the arm release is easy.  Usually you have to bring the ball back differently, this takes a different amount of time and the rest of your body is out of whack.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have your naturals and cerebral pitchers that can adjust on the fly but the others trying to throw a curve while going 3/4ths will hang it up and watch it get clocked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add to this answer given baseball movement the past 4 years...  Baseball teams manage players so differently now.   There is much more of an emphasis on ball speed, rotational speed and limiting pitches/innings.   Pitchers are basically thrown into &quot;groups&quot; and are perfected based on their grouping parameters - almost like tuning a robot.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team finds that you throw harder and have better spin rate at 3/4ths compared to your normal delivery they will push you in that direction until it is perfect.   And this really means that other deliveries will not have time to be perfected as they don't want you overutilized.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really in today's baseball there are only three types of pitchers that have a chance to learn multiple arm angles and these are probably a very low percentage of the overall pitchers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher no on cares about.   If you are in rookie ball or A and not considered an asset to your organization they will probably give you more leeway than say a young up and coming A ball pitcher.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The phenom that does whatever he wants.   You sign for a 30 million signing bonus you are calling the shots on experimenting with different angles.   The club can't waste that money for you pouting in the minors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher that had a horrible injury.   The guys who come back from tommyjohn and other major surgeries often experiment with arm angles and their new speed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2020-01-11T00:36:14.227" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T00:36:14.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12740" CreationDate="2016-01-30T22:12:59.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct, most UK pools have lane markers for public sessions which indicate which lanes are clockwise and which are anti-clockwise. These typically alternate but I believe it's less due to the splash (as suggested by Philip Kendall) and more so that swimmers don't clash arms across the lane ropes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are no direction markers then I would just follow what other swimmers are doing in the same lane, or if the lane is empty then look at the adjacent lanes and see whether clockwise or anti-clockwise is more desirable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7615" LastActivityDate="2016-01-30T22:12:59.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12987" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-01T03:53:17.710" Score="6" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a big issue that I am having when I am doing snowboarding runs on powder. Usually, when there is fresh powder from overnight or accumulation during the day, I tend to &quot;trip over&quot; and lose my balance over accumulated powder debris. What type of skills/drills can I do to make sure that this does not happen ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am able to do powder turns just fine in green level but when at times, It is really easy for me to pick up speed and lose control where I just trip over. When it gets to blue and black runs, I tend to really have this issue of tripping over since the snow is much deeper. While at really steep runs, I tend to do a turn (say toe turn) and while switching to my heel turn, I tend to traverse horizontally with my board and fall on my butt. Could someone provide some advice on how I can get better ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also tried to lean back but didnt exactly shift the bindings to the back (but could this really make that large of a difference) ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10742" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T14:43:27.630" Title="Powder Problems Snowboarding" Tags="|technique|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-01-03T18:42:16.200" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-01T16:35:24.987" Score="1" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend and I are building our own garden basketball court. We also want to make it into a small squash court. The problem we are having is wether we should buy a standalone basketball stand or a wall mounted one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The garden is not too big so space is precious which is why we are leaning to the wall mounted one, its also easier to set up as mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;http://crookedcollectionpeaceworld.tumblr.com/post/138478030571/my-own-court&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. All they needed is a wall mounted board, some power tools, a telescopic ladder and some screwdrivers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with a standalone would be levelling. Our garden is not level so it would be harder to set up properly where as a wall mounted one only needs to be levelled to the wall, which is easy to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice would be greatly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10748" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-02T01:36:28.413" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T01:36:28.413" Title="How to choose a backboard for a garden basketball court?" Tags="|equipment|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12597" CreationDate="2016-02-01T16:49:00.407" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although in theory its pretty much unrealistic but whoever owns up gets the 2 points. If you watch the NBA, you will notice that when it gets crowded in the paint and a player scored, the player that put his hand up is awarded the 2 points. The same would happen in your example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 2 players owns up to the basket, they will go through the slow motion and see which player had the most dominance of the ball (who held most of the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T16:49:00.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12995" CreationDate="2016-02-01T17:52:12.323" Score="3" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the USSF's 'Advice to Referees', section 12.25:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.25 RESTARTS FOR MISCONDUCT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Offenses on the field of play If play is stopped solely to deal&#xA;  with misconduct committed on the field by a player, the proper restart&#xA;  is an indirect free kick taken from the location of the misconduct*.&#xA;  If play is stopped for a foul in addition to misconduct, the restart&#xA;  is determined by the foul. The restart cannot be a direct free kick&#xA;  unless the reason for the stoppage included a direct free kick foul.&#xA;  If misconduct occurs while play is stopped, the restart is determined&#xA;  by the original reason for the stoppage. See also the table at Advice&#xA;  5.19&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this mean that &lt;strong&gt;every&lt;/strong&gt; restart after a caution or send off is an indirect free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10751" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-01T19:33:38.117" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T19:33:38.117" Title="Is it always an indirect free after after misconduct by a player?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12994" CreationDate="2016-02-01T19:32:36.920" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, absolutely not. The section you're quoting applies &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; if &quot;play is stopped solely to deal with misconduct&quot;. If play is stopped to deal with a foul, then &quot;the restart is determined by the foul&quot;. This is all in the passage you've quoted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T19:32:36.920" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12975" CreationDate="2016-02-02T11:47:50.253" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;strong&gt;speculative&lt;/strong&gt; answer. It is nothing more than the explanation I find most reasonable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The transition from tennis as a 'gentleman's activity' into a full-fledged sport was not entirely smooth and this is an example. There is a great difference between outmaneuvering your opponent from the back of the court, and aggressively sprinting in your long white pants to pounce on the ball &lt;em&gt;before it bloody lands&lt;/em&gt;. It's a completely different dynamism, and I'm guessing that most people did not find it particularly endearing or worthy of admiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe a not-too-bad example is playing football (soccer) with friends. It's not exactly fun if some guy starts being extremely physical and technical since even though he's not breaking any rules, you feel he's missing the &quot;spirit&quot; of the game. Really, he's just making fuller use of certain aspects of the rules than everyone else, and that's bound to piss people off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is recreational table tennis. Suppose some guy suddenly switches to a high-quality racket that enables him to create vicious spins. I somehow doubt his opposition would find this experience positive. The easiest thing to do would be to say it's unfair, or unsportsmanlike - much easier than mastering spins yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the sport of tennis became more competitive and people strove to master all of its aspects, it's natural volleying became less frowned upon and eventually more appreciated. As you probably know, volleying went on to become so central to the game, that people who &lt;em&gt;didn't&lt;/em&gt; volley were looked down on as incomplete. Recall the initial reception of Borg's style - it was not all joy at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T11:47:50.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13773" CreationDate="2016-02-03T06:35:18.117" Score="8" ViewCount="2368" Body="&lt;p&gt;While playing badminton I often twist my ankle which is of course very unpleasant. Usually before starting playing, athletes prepare by warming up and stretching. &#xA;Are there some exercises for that preparation stage (e.g. stretching) or other things that I could do to prevent rolling my ankle later in the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10757" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-09-11T03:38:33.497" LastActivityDate="2021-11-19T09:25:12.053" Title="How to prevent rolling one's ankle while playing badminton?" Tags="|training|injuries|badminton|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12999" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-03T11:11:55.530" Score="1" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player has one dart to throw and requires two points to win, what happens if they hit a single one instead of a double one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9872" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T13:43:50.057" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T13:43:50.057" Title="What happens if a player hits single one instead of a double with the last dart?" Tags="|rules|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12999" CreationDate="2016-02-03T13:33:40.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pdc.tv/staticFiles/b6/b3/0,,10180~177078,00.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;official rules of darts&lt;/a&gt; don't make this particularly clear as far as I can tell, but the situation is that reducing your required score to one is the same as going over the required score and the &quot;Bust&quot; rule applies, namely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.11.03 The “Bust” Rule shall apply, namely if a Player scores more than the number required then that score shall not count and the Player’s score shall revert back to the score the Player had prior to the Opponent’s last throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T13:33:40.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12625" CreationDate="2016-02-03T16:17:14.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A stiffer shaft does NOT necessarily mean &quot;more accurate&quot;.  The important part is to find a shaft which fits YOUR swing.    Get a shaft which is too stiff and you will lose distance and accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stiffness of the shaft, and &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt; it bends (called the kickpoint) is dependent upon several factors of the player, including swing speed, and transition quickness.  Just because a player has a fast swing speed does not automatically mean they should use a stiffer shaft.  HOW the transition occurs from back swing to down swing is just as important as the top speed of the swing (if not more important).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, &quot;stiffness&quot; is a non-standard spec between manufacturers.  There is, in fact, no way to compare shafts just by the &quot;stiffness&quot; label on a shaft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T16:17:14.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12657" CreationDate="2016-02-03T16:21:19.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ALL shafts kick forward at impact due to the conservation of angular momentum.  I see no way to quantify &quot;how much&quot; the clubhead speed will be increased because there are too many factors, most of which are player related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, you could have a shaft which is too flexible for your swing, and it would &quot;kick&quot; too early, and the amount of increase could actually be lower than if using a stiffer shaft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only way to know for sure is to get on a real launch monitor such as TrackMan or FlightScope and have everything measured with different shafts.  That's the whole purpose of club fittings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T16:21:19.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="868" CreationDate="2016-02-03T18:25:14.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The following race series use caution laps as a part of the average race speed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know of no race series that does not include caution laps into the average speed of the overall race.  The series listed in particular do incorporate all track time for checkered flag (start) to checkered flag (finish) into the average race speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MotoGP&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formula 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;World Superbike&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;British Superbike&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NASCAR&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;World Endurance Championship&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Motocross Grand Prix&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supercross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;British Touring Cars&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rolex Sports Car Series&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;IRL (Indy Racing League)  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;World Touring Car Championship&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIA GT1 World Championship&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T18:25:14.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4042" CreationDate="2016-02-03T20:32:17.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A toe strike will cause the face to open (face rotating clockwise) and the ball will spin counter-clockwise.  This is called the &quot;gear effect&quot; and is named so because of how the face and the ball &quot;mesh&quot; together like gears.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is mostly noticeable with woods and drivers because their center of gravity is farther behind the face of the club, as compared to irons.  This is why wood faces are not flat, so as to counteract the spin of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll notice the toe of the club points more to the right (for a righty) than the center of the face, and the heel points more left.  This is to encourage the ball to start out to the right (for a toe shot) to counteract the counter-clockwise spin on the ball, and hopefully the ball ends more in the center of the fairway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I note that you question this answer because golfers slice the ball, and my answer is conditioned on the premise that the path of the clubhead is fairly neutral.  A bad player who cuts across the ball can certainly spin the ball clockwise with a toe hit, but the ball would spin LESS clockwise than a center hit.  Likewise, a player who has the clubface wide open at impact can also counteract this gear effect to a certain degree.  After all, the face impact is only one variable in the impact of a golf ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T20:32:17.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9234" CreationDate="2016-02-03T22:07:00.793" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Wednesday February 3rd, 2016, FC Barcelona vs Valencia, in the Copa Del Rey, Luis Suarez and Messi both scored a hat-trick. Suarez scored 4 goals, Messi scored 3 goals. At the end of the match, they both left with a football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/03/lionel-messi-luis-suarez-hat-tricks-barcelona-valencia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Suárez hits four, Lionel Messi three as Barcelona rout Valencia 7-0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lebuzz.eurosport.co.uk/viral/lionel-messis-great-gesture-with-luis-suarez-over-match-ball-10751/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi’s ‘great gesture’ with Luis Suarez over match ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yIiTN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yIiTN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Messi and Suarez with match balls&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10758" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-23T14:35:08.897" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T14:35:08.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12786" CreationDate="2016-02-03T23:11:22.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can get the player_id if you scrape the HTML instead of using the tools on the website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/moxN8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/moxN8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;BBREF-Player_ID-HTML&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you inspect the element you will see that the link in the table to the player page has the player_id. I think this player ID is based on the Retrosheet ID, but I could be wrong there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9400" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T23:11:22.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13007" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13010" CreationDate="2016-02-04T09:30:56.450" Score="16" ViewCount="3672" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the two teams are eligible for every available competition, and including every scenario (such as cup replays, etc.), what would be the maximum number of times that two teams from the English Premier League could play each other in a single season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="685" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T20:21:25.233" Title="Theoretically, what is the maximum number of times any two English Premier League teams can play each other in a single season?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13009" CreationDate="2016-02-04T10:36:19.807" Score="4" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a batsman out when the ball naturally turned back to his stumps , but ball first landed out of his crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened to us when we played cricket last week , the bowler was a spinner , batsman hit the ball and it landed almost at the middle of pitch, then spinned(rotated) back and hit the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was on the fielding side and we appealed for out!&#xA;but it was denied , and explanation was : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batsman can not be given out as the ball first landed out of his&#xA;  crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any rules like this ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were playing among friends(No official umpire).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T11:37:38.077" Title="Is a batsman out when the ball(hit by the batsman) naturally turned back to his stumps(but ball first went out of his crease)" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13008" CreationDate="2016-02-04T10:51:50.523" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be out as explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-bowled/&quot;&gt;law 30 - bowled&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply put it has to touch something else on the field of play before hitting the stumps again for it to be not out bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-04T11:37:38.077" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T11:37:38.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13007" CreationDate="2016-02-04T10:57:49.103" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, let's work this out logically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Community_Shield&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FA Community Shield&lt;/a&gt; match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League&lt;/a&gt; matches (2 round-robin +  if there is a tie for championship, relegation, or qualification to other competitions, additional play-off match is played. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4626/who-wins-a-league-epl-if-two-teams-have-the-same-number-of-points&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFL_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;League Cup&lt;/a&gt; matches (semi-final with 2 legs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FA Cup&lt;/a&gt; matches (1 tie + replay)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europa League&lt;/a&gt; matches (2 legs of the knockout round, because teams from the same association cannot be drawn into the same group for Champions League or Europa League. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13016/can-two-teams-from-the-same-league-be-drawn-in-the-same-champions-league-group&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Super Cup&lt;/a&gt; match (if one side won the Champions League and another the Europa League in the previous season)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's &lt;strong&gt;11&lt;/strong&gt; matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T20:21:25.233" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T20:21:25.233" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13015" CreationDate="2016-02-04T11:06:48.590" Score="3" ViewCount="3798" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the powers and duties of a referee in a football match(defined in the football laws)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T21:51:03.080" Title="What are the powers of referee in a football match?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13035" CreationDate="2016-02-04T11:11:49.490" Score="10" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who was the first manager to get expelled from a match in the history of football?&#xA;(First event that was recorded and reported.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/11953231/Jose-Mourinho-in-meltdown-after-red-card-and-defeat-at-West-Ham-pile-on-misery-for-Chelsea-manager.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jose-Mourinho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T12:32:09.130" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T14:37:09.173" Title="Who was the first manager to get expelled from a match in the history of football?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12998" CreationDate="2016-02-04T13:32:35.593" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some improvements in technique that you can use, although they'll take practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintonbible.com/articles/footwork/movement-elements/lunge-technique&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This page describes good lunging technique&lt;/a&gt; to move efficiently and prevent injury. With regards to keeping your ankles safe, pay particular attention to the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The foot must point in the direction of the lunge&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The heel must strike first&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have an existing weakness or vulnerability to ankle injuries you could consider wearing an ankle support or doing specific exercises to strengthen it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I'm not a physiotherapist and you would do well to consult one to check that my general advice is appropriate to your situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1145" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T13:32:35.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13011" CreationDate="2016-02-04T17:05:59.643" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;2015/2016 FIFA Laws of the Game (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;, Law 5 (The Referee), Powers and Duties:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;enforces the Laws of the Game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees and, where&#xA;  applicable, with the fourth official&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ensures that the players’ equipment meets the requirements of Law 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match, at his discretion, for any&#xA;  infringements of the Laws&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match because of outside&#xA;  interference of any kind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures&#xA;  that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player may only return&#xA;  to the field of play after the match has restarted&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his&#xA;  opinion, only slightly injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ensures that any player bleeding from a wound leaves the field of play. The&#xA;  player may only return on receiving a signal from the referee, who must be&#xA;  satisfied that the bleeding has stopped&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;allows play to continue when the team against which an offence has been&#xA;  committed will benefit from such an advantage and penalises the original&#xA;  offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more than one&#xA;  offence at the same time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable&#xA;  and sending-off offences. He is not obliged to take this action immediately&#xA;  but must do so when the ball next goes out of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a&#xA;  responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of&#xA;  play and its immediate surrounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts on the advice of the assistant referees regarding incidents that he has&#xA;  not seen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ensures that no unauthorised persons enter the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;indicates the restart of the match after it has been stopped&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes&#xA;  information on any disciplinary action taken against players and/or team&#xA;  officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the&#xA;  match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T17:05:59.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13018" CreationDate="2016-02-04T17:24:40.773" Score="8" ViewCount="17045" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was sure the answer to my question is &quot;No&quot;, but I can't seem to find any concrete resources to confirm it either way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for two teams from the same domestic league to be drawn to play against each other in the same group of the Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="685" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T12:52:32.000" Title="Can two teams from the same league be drawn in the same champions league group?" Tags="|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13017" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-04T21:05:58.170" Score="6" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;After seeing the news about a recent skiing accident in Germany (Two people collided with each other and afterwards with a snow cannon, both dead) I was wondering how much extra protection a back protector offers. In the report it was noted that both were wearing helmets, and none of the helmets was damaged. Therefore: How much does a back protector/vest add in additional safety? When is it worth, and when useless?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7521" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T02:37:46.707" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:06:32.870" Title="How much does a back protector/vest add in additional safety?" Tags="|equipment|injuries|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-03-03T06:39:37.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13016" CreationDate="2016-02-05T03:53:41.543" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2015/16 UEFA Champions League competition, two teams from the same domestic league may not be drawn to play in the same group. Furthermore, two teams from the same national association (even if they are in different domestic leagues, eg. the Premier League and the Football League Championship) also may not play in the same group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2015/16 (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;, p. 22:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Article 16  Match system – group stage&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;16.01 Once the play-offs have been completed, the 32 remaining clubs are drawn into eight groups of four in accordance with Paragraph 13.05. &lt;strong&gt;Clubs from the same association cannot be drawn into the same group.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T03:53:41.543" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13022" CreationDate="2016-02-05T06:20:53.627" Score="6" ViewCount="780" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reason behind curved hockey sticks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know about it's history, reason of curve, benefits and science.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qonol.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qonol.png&quot; alt=&quot;Hockey Stick&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:25:23.207" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:25:23.207" Title="Reason behind curved hockey stick?" Tags="|equipment|trivia|history|ice-hockey|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13011" CreationDate="2016-02-05T08:19:24.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia I got a page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost same as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/1723/ben-miller&quot;&gt;Ben Miller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'s answer. I'll add the contents and link below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee's powers and duties are described by Law 5 of the Laws of&#xA;  the Game.   These include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Powers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stopping, suspending or terminating the match at his discretion, for any infringements of the Laws;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stopping, suspending or terminating the match because of outside interference of any kind;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stopping the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensuring that he is removed from the field of play. An&#xA;  injured player may only return to the field of play after the match&#xA;  has restarted;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;allowing play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his opinion, only slightly injured;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;allowing play to continue when the team against which an offence has been committed will benefit from such an advantage and penalizing&#xA;  the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;taking disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and sending-off offences. He is not obliged to take this action&#xA;  immediately but must do so when the ball next goes out of play;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;taking action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from&#xA;  the field of play and its immediate surrounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Duties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;enforcing the Laws of the Game;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;controlling the match in co-operation with the assistant referees and, where applicable, with the fourth official;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ensuring that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ensuring that the players' equipment meets the requirements of Law 4;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;acting as timekeeper and keeping a record of the match;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ensuring that any player bleeding from a wound leaves the field of play. The player may only return on receiving a signal from the&#xA;  referee, who must be satisfied that the bleeding has stopped;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;punishing the more serious offence when a player commits more than one offence at the same time;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;acting on the advice of the assistant referees regarding incidents that he has not seen;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ensuring that no unauthorised persons enter the field of play;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;indicating the restart of the match after it has been stopped;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;providing the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players&#xA;  and/or team officials, substitutions and any other incidents that&#xA;  occurred before, during or after the match.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Link : &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referee_(association_football)#Powers_and_duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Powers and duties&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T08:19:24.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13016" CreationDate="2016-02-05T08:25:19.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure it's still possible but in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005/2006 Champions League&lt;/a&gt; group stage both Chelsea and Liverpool were in group G along with Betis Sevilla and Anderlecht. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was possible because Liverpool lost their protection because they did not finish in a CL qualifying position in the league, but did win the CL the year before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T08:25:19.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13019" CreationDate="2016-02-05T11:01:05.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sticks are curved to better adapt to the type of shot before and during the hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The curvature in fact depends on the type of handle and the single-player (the bat is considered an extension of the arm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find those kind of curve:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;• Heel Open, Small&#xA;• Mid Round, Small&#xA;• Mid Round, Big&#xA;• Mid Round, Open&#xA;• Heel Open, Big &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore to reduce the impact on the surface (specially on ice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically there were an high evolution on material: from wood, aluminum, glass fiber, up to more recent materials: kevlar, graphite, titanium&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T11:01:05.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13026" CreationDate="2016-02-05T15:11:25.330" Score="7" ViewCount="2918" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why there are different records from indoor / outdoor performances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean maybe distances 200m and 400m has different tracks (with different lengths of curves and straights) but why there are two different record between on the following speciality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;long jump&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;triple jump&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;high jump&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pole vault&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-02-09T16:08:40.307" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T16:08:40.307" Title="Indoor / outdoor track and field different records?" Tags="|trivia|records|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13024" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-02-05T16:58:22.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions about running and racing outside a stadium and on city streets. Marathons are usually road running, but not all road running is &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/marathon&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;marathon&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;marathon&lt;/a&gt;s. &quot;Road racing&quot; is a common term but &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/road-racing&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;road-racing&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;road-racing&lt;/a&gt; is used for motor sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T19:33:49.223" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T19:33:49.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13025" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-02-05T16:58:22.303" Score="0" Body="For questions about running and racing outside a stadium and on city streets. Marathons are usually road running, but not all road running is marathons. &quot;Road racing&quot; is a common term but the [road-racing] tag is used for motor sports." OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T19:33:38.383" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T19:33:38.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13023" CreationDate="2016-02-05T17:04:40.993" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;tl;dr:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Track distance, tightness of curves, and banked curves&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Event distances&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Different implement weights&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lack of wind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Differences in runways (length and responsiveness)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the track events, you've nailed it: the 200m standard indoor track means races of the same distance (e.g. 800m) can be notably different from races on a standard 400m outdoor track. In the sprints, the tight banked turns can significantly change the athlete's approach to the race, and some events (e.g. 60m) are only held indoors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the field events, the reasoning for different records is more tricky. In the throws, e.g. shot put, the implements are different (size and weight). For the jumps, though, the differences are entirely environmental: lack of wind (either supporting or impeding) and different runway surfaces, mostly. In these events, competing indoors can actually be easier (although long jump and triple jump may be limited in the length of their run-up - I'm not sure if that would help or hurt an athlete).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T17:04:40.993" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-05T18:33:49.150" Score="1" ViewCount="1136" Body="&lt;p&gt;It states in the 2014 ATR:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.1 Officiating Team Uniforms&#xA;  .... Black shoes are preferred but&#xA;  referees can wear any color shoes so long as they are appropriate to perform the duties&#xA;  required of an official.....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I also read through other various web sites and heard from other refs that only black shoes are allowed and may have white logo/lettering on them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what color shoes can the referee's wear and do they need to match the AR's?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10751" LastEditorUserId="10751" LastEditDate="2016-02-05T18:40:08.147" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T17:20:59.600" Title="What color shoes can USSF referee's wear?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13007" CreationDate="2016-02-05T23:13:20.453" Score="-3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;BPL: 2+1 playoff in case of a tie in points, GD and goals scored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Community Shield: 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FA Cup: 2 with a replay&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;League Cup: 2, in a semi-final;could be three if the semi-final can have a third match (see the Champions League section)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Club World Cup: If it was hosted in England, the teams could meet. (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CL: Now this is the one that noone's gotten so far: The teams could face each other up to 5 times; it is possible for two clubs from the same country to play in the same group, IF the other team qualified as the winner of the Europa League. Then there's the possibility of a quarter- or a semi-final with a third match played in the case of aggregate goals being tied after the fielding(s) of ineligible players changing result(s) to 3-0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;UEFA Super Cup: 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I count that as 15 or 16, depending on whether a League Cup semi-final can have a replay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10769" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T23:13:20.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11953" CreationDate="2016-02-06T01:41:29.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specifically for the long jump, the issue for the competitors is their starting marks. They set themselves up very carefully for their jumps in order to make their last stride as close to the board as possible without being on it (i.e. fouling). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @steelerfan's answer explains, a &quot;fast&quot; track or runway is giving the athlete more &quot;return&quot; for the force they apply to it, which means more of the energy they produce goes to pushing them forward (instead of being absorbed by the track). This usually means a track which feels &quot;harder,&quot; because it is pushing back more on the athlete. A softer or springier track usually isn't as &quot;fast&quot;. The differences are usually incredibly small.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the runway is &quot;faster&quot; than they expect, they're getting more energy return from the runway and taking slightly longer strides than they allowed for when setting their mark. This very small additional distance, repeated for each stride, could put their takeoff onto the board and cause a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while a &quot;fast&quot; runway is nominally a good thing, it can lead competitors in the horizontal jumps (long jump and triple jump) to foul more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T14:25:20.567" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T14:25:20.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13031" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-07T14:38:54.663" Score="6" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fed_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fed Cup&lt;/a&gt; round consist of 2 national teams playing 5 matches(4 singles &amp;amp; 1 doubles). Whoever wins 3 matches wins the round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do teams still play a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_rubber&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dead rubber&lt;/a&gt; doubles match when the round is already won by a team? ie. If team A wins the first 3 singles matches, thereby winning the round, they skip the 4th singles match but still play the remaining doubles match which is essentially a dead rubber. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T10:13:09.543" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T11:31:07.997" Title="Why is the doubles match still played when the round is already won by a team in Fed Cup?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3129" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:40:09.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a GREAT question.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why don't the most intelligent and best basketball coaches use the triangle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it only because the Zenmaster has the intelligence to coach this offense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it because there is such a huge advantage in running the triangle that coaches instinctively know it just wouldn't be fair to the rest of the league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or - can we just use common sense - it is a trash offensive theory and there are hundreds that work better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phil Jackson was smart for implementing the triangle.  He had Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen, and a good surrounding cast.  The whole point of the triangle is isolation.  Of course you want to isolate Jordan on someone.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What Jackson really did with the triangle offense was take advantage of the terrible rules the NBA had at the time.  Not allowing double teams and not allowing zone defenses.  It was just a ridiculous time to watch basketball - the NBA 90s.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The triangle was based on giving Jordan the ball on the high wing.  The rest of the floor would clear out - shooter deep center and big man on the weak block.  There is your triangle.  So the other team has to try and &quot;show&quot; a double team to Jordan's side while not getting called for an illegal defense.  You can imagine how out of position defenses were all the time.  If Jordan got in trouble he passed out to Pippen or a shooter.  Pippen was a more capable distributor than Jordan (I know his assists didn't match but that is just usage) so they weren't really resetting if the secondary pass was made.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watched the 90s Bulls games they could be pretty brutal when they played a good team.  Yes when they played crap teams Jackson let them have more freedom but in close games we got heavy heavy doses of iso ball and there was nothing fun about it unless you were a Bulls fan.  Watching guys show to Jordan and then have to run close to their guy every three seconds was absurd.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did mention that Jackson was smart for using the triangle to take advantage of league rules that were quick to call illegal defenses and outlawed zone defenses.  This is not to say that if Jordan was in a better offense that they wouldn't have done better.  This is just what the best team in the world used.  It required to have a couple of players that would have decided mismatches every game.  The only thing hard about the triangle offense that Jackson ran is what the hell do the other 4 players do to not look like bumbling fools until the wing player has beat his man or caused an advantage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2001 the NBA allowed zone defenses.  Jordan's Bulls may have been just as successful but it wouldn't have looked the same.  You say... well how about Kobe and Shaq, they played against zone... Again not really.  The NBA allowed zone but did not allow an undefended player for more than 3 seconds.  And since Kobe and Shaq's games were very opposite and Kobe stood at 20 feet and Shaq underneath, well it was pretty easy to force opponents to man and defend the Laker's iso-ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It really brings to point of the NBA's flaw and why the rest of the world may eventually catch it.  The NBA's defensive 3 second rule disables the league.  It was created so that you couldn't mob the star player on the other team.  However Euro leagues don't have this rule and do just fine.  Players learn to cut and pass and set picks.  There is more of an emphasis on a team game on intellect where the NBA seems to be more about beating a guy off the dribble or bullying him under the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why don't more teams run the triangle?  Well you really need a dominant wing that can shoot good enough to make teams respect him, one that can drive, and one that can pass.  These guys don't grow on trees and really I am not sure who I would put in this category the past 5 years.  If you don't have this advantage with the triangle, it can still work because there is movement but the fact that it will have to reset more given a lower quality player and then with the 24 seconds clock, it just isn't viable for most teams.  The media and Jackson try to act like it is some mystical offense.  It is crap that I don't want to see. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T14:32:02.093" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T14:32:02.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13031" CreationDate="2016-02-08T10:55:09.057" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fedcup.com/en/organisation/rules-regulations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 ITF Fed Cup Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;33. TIE - HOW DECIDED&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  iv) For all Ties in the World Group and World Group II;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  With respect to the second day, if the third singles decides the outcome of the Tie, the fourth singles match will not be played and the dead doubles will be played instead.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the fourth singles match decides the outcome of the Tie the dead&#xA;  doubles match will be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So one possible answer to your question could be simply &lt;em&gt;because the rules say so&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we might still ask what motivated that the rules are stated this way. (Although answers to this might be, to some extent, speculative.) There might be several factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For the teams it might be good that young players might gain Fed Cup experience. So they are more likely to appear in dead rubbers. (For example, I am not sure whether 18-years old Daria Kasatkina would have played her first Fed Cup match &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Fed_Cup_World_Group#Russia_vs._Netherlands&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this weekend&lt;/a&gt;, if the match had not been already decided before the doubles. If you look at last year's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Fed_Cup_World_Group&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fed Cup World Group matches&lt;/a&gt;, you will find some players without previous Fed Cup experience in dead rubbers, such as Denisa Allertová or Vitalia Diatchenko.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the viewpoint of ITF, which is the governing organization of Fed Cup, they might try to seek balance between not to put too much strain on players (who complain about long season and too many matches to play anyway) and having something to show to spectators (which definitely want to watch some tennis, even if the match is already decided). Quote from the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fedcup.com/en/news/articles/itf-revises-fed-cup-dead-rubber-policy.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ITF revises Fed Cup dead rubber policy&lt;/a&gt; on the Fed Cup website (February 2013) supports this point:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ITF Executive Vice President Juan Margets said: “The enhancement of the dead rubber policy came in response to requests from players, captains and National Associations following its successful introduction in Davis Cup. This is part of the ITF’s continued effort to make Fed Cup more player friendly, while maintaining a good spectator experience on the Sunday.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also one more thing, but I never heard about a case where this rule was actually applied. (And I hope there never will be such case.) In the case that a player played in the final and has a positive doping test, even the matches which were originally dead rubbers might matter for the final result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will quote the Fed Cup Regulations again:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If any player following completion of the procedures, including appeal, set forth in the ITF Tennis Anti-Doping Programme is found to have committed a Doping Offence whether in a tournament and/or in out-of competition testing and/or in any round of the Competition, and/or otherwise, no disqualified match result shall be re-assessed except in the case of the Finals where such player’s wins (if any) will be reversed and all unplayed dead rubbers will be awarded to the opposing team of such player. This may result in the team which originally lost the final being declared the Champion Nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-09T11:31:07.997" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T11:31:07.997" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13012" CreationDate="2016-02-08T14:27:50.770" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the book &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=TaM7AwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Football Oddities&lt;/a&gt; by Tony Matthews, under the section &quot;Discipline&quot;, subsection &quot;Football League&quot; where Mr. Matthews lists various random-ish facts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The first manager to be sent off in a League game was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_Rooke&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ronnie Rooke&lt;/a&gt;, as playermanager of Crystal Palace v Millwall in October 1949.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2016-02-15T14:37:09.173" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T14:37:09.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13038" CreationDate="2016-02-08T15:47:27.917" Score="8" ViewCount="2575" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hat trick&lt;/em&gt; is commonly used in association football and hockey when a player scores three goals in a match or game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that association football and American football have similar roots, I would think American football would also use this.  Quarterbacks throw for three scores in a game as routinely (if not more than) as footballers or hockey players, but I've never heard a reference to achieving a &lt;em&gt;hat trick&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T16:13:34.973" LastActivityDate="2021-04-27T18:04:39.977" Title="Why isn't the term &quot;hat trick&quot; used in American Football?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13037" CreationDate="2016-02-08T17:17:16.853" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure where you get the idea that American football has meaningful links to association football (American soccer).  It shares a name, sure, but otherwise it is much closer to Rugby (Union/League) Football - both in its rules and in its historical roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I suspect the issue at hand is primarily that it's hard to define what would be called a &amp;quot;hat trick&amp;quot;.  Quarterbacks &lt;em&gt;frequently&lt;/em&gt; throw three touchdowns in a game; so that's out due to its frequency.  Hat tricks, in most sports, are &lt;em&gt;difficult&lt;/em&gt; to achieve; for example, only &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Rugby_World_Cup_hat-tricks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;56 hat tricks &lt;/a&gt; have been achieved in Rugby World Cup history.  In comparison, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1960&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;season_start=1&amp;amp;season_end=-1&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;pos=&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;league_id=&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;stadium_id=&amp;amp;game_day_of_week=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_time=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;handedness=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;c1stat=pass_td&amp;amp;c1comp=gt&amp;amp;c1val=3&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;c5comp=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=lt&amp;amp;c6mult=1.0&amp;amp;c6comp=&amp;amp;order_by=pass_td&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;179 QBs have thrown for &lt;em&gt;5&lt;/em&gt; touchdowns or more in a single game&lt;/a&gt;, and over three thousand have thrown three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for other feats - it's hard to say why a phrase didn't catch on, but I suspect because there are simply too many things going on in one game.  I've certainly heard the phrase use in its common meaning - &amp;quot;three of anything happening&amp;quot; - to refer to sacks and interceptions; it's probably been used in other circumstances as well.  This is similar to other American sports; baseball often uses it to mean three strikeouts in one game, which is pretty silly (as that's not a good stat, and it's a very common one) and to mean three home runs in one game (which at least makes more sense), but even three steals in one game might be called a hat trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in American football, what else are you going to call a hat trick other than passing touchdowns?  Receiving touchdowns, rushing touchdowns, picks, sacks, made FGs... the number of things that it could be attached to is too large, likely, for it to have been attached to just &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; thing.  The sports that it has become commonplace in are primarily sports with &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; major action - goal scoring - that is fairly infrequent.  Cricket is to some extent the exception - and that's because it is the &lt;em&gt;origin&lt;/em&gt; of the term, likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-04-27T18:04:39.977" LastActivityDate="2021-04-27T18:04:39.977" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13039" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-08T18:31:15.450" Score="7" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football (NFL), is it possible for both teams to challenge on the same thing for the same play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10360" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:10:13.073" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:10:13.073" Title="Is a double-challenge possible?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13039" CreationDate="2016-02-08T21:23:56.477" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.  Once one team challenges the play, that challenge covers &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; reviewable aspects of the play, at least as of the most recent rules (2015).  From &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule-15.-officials-and-instant-replay&quot;&gt;Rule 15, Section 2, Article 3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note 2: All reviewable aspects of the play may be examined and are subject to reversal, even if not identified in a coach’s challenge or if not the specific reason for a Replay Official’s request for review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, one review covers all possible reviewable actions.  A second flag is not explicitly discussed explicitly; however, it would be unlikely that a referee would allow such a challenge (and if he did, it would almost certainly just be a wasted timeout).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T21:23:56.477" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2016-02-09T12:18:37.387" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions like this, one possible approach is to make a community-wiki answer, where several users can contribute if they find some relevant records. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Grand Slams - Men&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergi_Bruguera&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergi Bruguera&lt;/a&gt; won his second round match at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993 French Open&lt;/a&gt; 6-0, 6-0, 6-0. He won also his first round match in straight sets and he won the third set 6-0. From these results alone we can see that he won at least 25 consecutive games. (Four bagel sets in a row and the last game in the preceding set.) Bruguera went on to win the tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Nov%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Karel Nováček&lt;/a&gt; won his second round game at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987 French Open&lt;/a&gt; 6-0, 6-0, 6-0. He also won his first round match in the straight sets and he won the last set of that match 6-0. This means winning at least 25 games in a row. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Grand Slams - Women&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sharapova&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maria Sharapova&lt;/a&gt; won her first two matches at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles#Section_8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt; 6-0, 6-0. In the third round she won the first four games in the match against Venus Williams. (Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/match/IDtLwqVS/#point-by-point;1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;.) Which makes it 28 consecutive games in total. (Australian Open was her first tournament in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sharapova#2013:_Third_shoulder_injury&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;. She lost her last match in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Maria_Sharapova_tennis_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt;.) See also: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3042968/title/once-in-a-lifetime-for-sharapova&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Once In A Lifetime For Sharapova&lt;/a&gt; at WTA website; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/australianopen/9810462/Australian-Open-2013-Maria-Sharapova-hands-out-heavy-defeat-to-hapless-Venus-Williams.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Open 2013: Maria Sharapova hands out heavy defeat to hapless Venus Williams&lt;/a&gt; - The Telegraph. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Turnbull&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wendy Turnbull&lt;/a&gt; won 6-0, 6-0 in the first two rounds at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles#Section_3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985 French Open&lt;/a&gt;. She lost in the third round 3-6, 4-6 to Hana Mandlíková. This means at least 24 consecutive games and at most 27 consecutive games. (She lost her last match at the preceding tournament in Sydney. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Virginia_Slims_World_Championship_Series#November&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Useful links&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest_tennis_match_records&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shortest tennis match records&lt;/a&gt; lists triple bagel games (double bagel for women) at Grand Slams. However, these lists may be incomplete.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-09T13:50:29.327" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T13:50:29.327" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-02-09T12:18:37.387" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10335" CreationDate="2016-02-09T15:58:23.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two (in)famous cases of pacesetters continuing the race and going on to win: &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1994-03-10/sports/sp-32454_1_professional-rabbit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Paul Pilkington at the 1994 Los Angeles marathon&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Byers_(athlete)#Oslo.2C_1981&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tom Byers at the 1981 Bislett Games&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Byers built a ten-second lead when &quot;the rest of the field refused to follow his pace&quot; and Pilkington similarly was well away from the rest of the pack at the point he was supposed to step off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other answers have correctly noted that some events make their rabbits sign contracts to drop out, and IAAF rules require that any pacemakers start the race with everyone else (otherwise the pacemakers constitute unfair assistance for some runners). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For events where dropping out is not a part of the contract, though, consider this: what motivation do the other runners have to follow the pace set by a rabbit when they know the rabbit will drop out? Put another way, what's the point of having a pacemaker run 3/4 of a race out in front and then drop out while still in the lead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfect pacemaking requires the rabbit to hit exactly the requested splits at the designated milestones, but also requires the actual competitors to be close in with the pacemakers. Allowing the pacemakers to finish the race motivates the rest of the runners to at least keep them in sight, to avoid piracy. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/races/in-praise-of-piracy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;I've had a few things to say on this subject elsewhere.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a pacemaker reaches their designated drop-out point but is still leading and (important point) still feels capable of holding the lead, they can actually continue to be useful by staying in the race. Some races pay pacemakers more the longer they can continue leading at the agreed-upon pace. In these cases the rabbit would drop once they found themselves falling off the pace (or, on the track, if the rest of the field begins passing them). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T15:58:23.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13057" CreationDate="2016-02-09T18:03:32.987" Score="1" ViewCount="952" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, if Johnny Manziel is under contract with Cleveland for the 2016 season, he will likely get put on waivers and a suspension from the NFL.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will he get credit for serving a suspension (e.g. 4 games) while he is on waivers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T18:41:45.323" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T18:41:45.323" Title="If you are on waivers and under contract in the NFL can you get credit for serving a suspension?" Tags="|nfl|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-10T09:50:52.087" Score="3" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a definition of foosball random shots?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do people track them somehow for fun as a &quot;debt&quot; as part of championship ladder?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10795" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-10T15:01:50.740" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T22:18:38.047" Title="Counting random shots (foosball)" Tags="|terminology|scoring|foosball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5186" CreationDate="2016-02-10T15:03:01.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened late last year in the Women's NCAA College Cup game between Rutgers University and the University of Virginia. Casey Murphy of Rutgers who was their goalkeeper shot and scored during a penalty shootout. Read more here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailytargum.com/article/2015/11/rutgers-defeats-no-1-virginia-in-penalty-shootout-advances-to-college-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.dailytargum.com/article/2015/11/rutgers-defeats-no-1-virginia-in-penalty-shootout-advances-to-college-cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T15:03:01.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2016-02-10T18:05:21.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is illegal in all higher levels of baseball.  For college games we referred to the PBUC:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PBUC manual 1.22 (page 9.)  No pitcher shall be allowed to wear a&#xA;  batting glove while pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the mlb website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While not specifically referred to in the Official Rules, MLB&#xA;  regulations prohibit a pitcher from wearing a golf glove under his&#xA;  pitching glove. To do so could be distracting to the batter as well as&#xA;  a violation of the spirit of Rule 1.15(a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most high school associations and little leagues prohibit them too.  I think LL allows them though.  It is a no brainer to make the pitcher take it off.  I really don't see it as a distraction or safety issue, it is just making a clear line on fairness.   The batting glove is simply a foreign object in the glove.  It doesn't help the player and can only be used for harm.   Players could use it to scuff ball or whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I want to note that there is a rule that explicitly states that a pitcher may only rub the ball with his bare hands.  As an umpire I probably would wait to let the other coach complain if the kids were under 16 - but it has been 15 years since I umped that age.  If over I would ask pitcher to remove during warm-ups and do it all the time.  Most of the time they just left it on from hitting and don't care at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Your title indicates the question being around fielders too.  They can wear batting gloves.  Batting gloves cannot contain foreign substances on them.  What is a foreign substance?  Something that you wouldn't innately find on a baseball diamond.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-02-18T05:41:24.080" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T05:41:24.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13045" CreationDate="2016-02-10T19:16:11.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL suspensions, when for a particular number of games, do take place even when as a free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Laron Landry was &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/03/06/report-laron-landry-suspended-10-games-for-violating-ped-policy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;suspended for the first 10 games of the 2015 season&lt;/a&gt; for PED use; after week 10 he was &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/11/17/laron-landry-is-reinstated-by-the-nfl/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reinstated&lt;/a&gt; despite not being on a team's roster for that period of time.  (He was subsequently suspended again, of course... some people never learn.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if Manziel is suspended a specific number of games (say, 6) for his domestic violence incident, he would serve those regardless of whether he was on a team's roster or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in some cases the Commissioner will suspend a player &quot;indefinitely&quot; (for example, another popular Browns player, Josh Gordon, is suspended indefinitely, but can apply for reinstatement after a year).  The commissioner likely has more leeway in those cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T19:16:11.960" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3981" CreationDate="2016-02-10T20:48:49.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It comes down to a couple things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ankle flexibility is huge. Your ankles are what creates propulsion in your kick. Not your thighs, not your calves. Your ankles. The more flexible they are &lt;em&gt;the more water they push back&lt;/em&gt; (and &lt;strong&gt;not down&lt;/strong&gt;, as is typically practiced).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking and swimming with a narrow profile. Most swimmers feel like they have to kick big and wide. All you are doing is creating a heap of drag that your upper body has to try and pull against. Get your hips up. Aim to have a narrower profile in the water.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leg fitness. The unavoidable part of the equation is simply having stronger and fitter legs. This means doing lots of kick. Not more running, more biking, but actual miles on the kickboard. Throw in some vertical kicking (my favorite), or some other &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yourswimlog.com/freestyle-kick-drills/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;kick drills&lt;/a&gt; to mix things up, but ultimately if you want a stronger, faster kick you gotta kick more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking with short fins might help a little bit, particularly in giving you a little bit of ankle flexibility, but they tend to be a crutch. As mentioned before, if you want a better kick, kick more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About me: National level swimmer, Olympic Trials qualifier. :32 second/50m kicker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10800" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T20:48:49.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13064" CreationDate="2016-02-11T04:34:24.800" Score="2" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;Touch rugby is a sport widely played in New Zealand and Australia, similar to rugby league except the main difference is that the person with the ball is touched instead of tackled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the best of my knowledge (mine, and Google's), there is no official rules for touch rugby, or even a touch rugby federation or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a big problem in games at school, where technical points get brought up and no-one knows how to handle this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there official rules for touch rugby&lt;/strong&gt;? If so, where can I find them and who were they made by?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7533" LastEditorDisplayName="user7533" LastEditDate="2016-02-11T07:39:35.890" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T07:39:35.890" Title="Are there official rules for touch rugby?" Tags="|touch-rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13062" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-02-11T07:13:10.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_rugby&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Touch rugby&lt;/a&gt; is a sport widely played in New Zealand and Australia, similar to rugby league except the main difference is that the person with the ball is touched instead of tackled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-11T07:13:10.393" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T07:13:10.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13063" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-02-11T07:13:10.393" Score="0" Body="Questions about touch rugby, widely played in New Zealand and Australia, is a limited-contact version of rugby league." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T15:31:45.860" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T15:31:45.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13059" CreationDate="2016-02-11T07:20:24.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official rules for Touch Football, a rugby league derivative, are available from the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.touchfootball.com.au/index.php?id=1273&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rules and Policies&lt;/a&gt;&quot; section of the Touch Football Australia website. As of February 2016, the 7th Edition of the Rules (&quot;reprinted 2007&quot;) is current.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the document explicitly encourage competitions to vary the rules under which the game is played; from the Foreword:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is no compulsion for any affiliate of the [Australian Touch Association] to follow these Rules at their local or park level competitions. In fact the ATA encourages Affiliates to set varying features in the rules of their competition so that the player can experience a wide variety of enjoyment from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but they may still give you a basis on which to form your competition's rule set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T07:20:24.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2016-02-11T17:14:31.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any scientifical studies about age and long distance running?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1364&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, ages of winners in strength and speed events have historically peaked earlier than endurance events. The mean age of Olympic gold medal male winners from 1896-1980 in long distance events are relatively higher than shorter distance events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T17:14:31.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-11T18:01:01.780" Score="6" ViewCount="914" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what kind of snooker practice can be done at home alone! Cause I have a cue &amp;amp; I just trying to get a nice stance &amp;amp; grip &amp;amp; I don't how can I improve cue action at home with having table! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10807" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-11T18:10:32.257" LastActivityDate="2018-08-12T15:01:47.283" Title="Is there a way to practice Snooker cue action at home?" Tags="|training|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13075" CreationDate="2016-02-11T19:12:40.850" Score="4" ViewCount="1320" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the persistent stories I hear about roller derby is that &lt;a href=&quot;https://wftda.com/faq/is-roller-derby-real&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;there was a time when the outcome was entirely fixed&lt;/a&gt;. I have had many people involved in it assure me that that was a phase of the past, and that today's matches are legit. That said, I'm a fan of professional wrestling, and, well, the same has been said about that over the years, right up to current wrestlers maintaining kayfabe even with direct questioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this may open me up to one of those &quot;well, if you know we're going to lie to you to preserve the myth, why do you ask?&quot; situations, but during what time period were roller derby match outcomes fixed and are they still fixed today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10424" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-02-12T17:07:04.493" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T17:07:04.493" Title="During what time period was the outcome of roller derby matches primarily fixed?" Tags="|history|roller-derby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12888" CreationDate="2016-02-11T22:03:21.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, i can't estimate how equal Badminton and Squash are, but maybe you can nevertheless profit somehow: I've been playing Badminton over a year with glasses and additionally, I've been using them also in my sports course in high school since approximately 3 years or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, I'd suggest you &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to use &quot;plastic glasses&quot;. I don't know the official term for that. But those provide the full vision, but are not made of glas - and are therefore a lot safer. (I use them)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to ask your eye shop, if they can &quot;modify&quot; the temple, so that it doesn't fall of that easily. I personally still have to readjust them sometimes (especially if i'm heavily sweating or/and running.) - but in my opinion, it is still an option. And in Badminton, i feel quite agile - at least my glasses aren't limiting factors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10757" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T22:03:21.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12748" CreationDate="2016-02-12T04:18:49.717" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;35 is too old for skateboarding if you are not athletic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My Skating Pain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I grew up on the west coast of California.  We surfed and skateboarded in empty pools and ruined everyone favorite park benches.  Skateboarding is brutal.  I broke my collarbone twice before I was 15.  If you aren't athletic and have no co-ordination related to skateboarding and rollerblading, there's no point in doing this.  Now that might be easy for me to say because I had the opportunity to do it for years and years in the 80's.  I wore my Dead Kennedy's T-shirt and believed in Anarchy.  My knees were, and still are, a disaster.  I've had 5 cracked elbows.  Quite a few concussions.  I went off a curb once, hit a little rock that locked my skakeboard up and went headfirst into a car bumper.  Cracked my cheekbone.  That was really fun.  I cracked my elbow and gave myself and nice spiral fracture grinding my trucks on a curb when the skateboard caught.  Other injuries include several broken noses, lots of cuts and scrapes.  Constant cuts and scrapes.  Broken tail bone, 3 times.  Bent my thumb backwards.  Cracked two teeth on a sidewalk.  Water on the knee many times.  Torn ACL.  Hyperextended my right knee twice.  Many pulled hamstrings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surfing Pain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not near as bad as skating.  but I was a chicken when it came to really getting out there.  Not a fan of large bodies of water.  BUT, I did get drug along a reef a few times in Monterrey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surfing can be just fine.  Just don't go out and surf on shallow reefs.  If you go down and have the wave pull you along the top it can be pretty brutal and bloody.  I have friends that now wear rock climbing helmets while surfing from getting so many scalp cuts.  Certainly it's not cool but when your 35 plus, who cares.  Just ensure that there is sand beneath you and you will be fine.  Perhaps get too much saltwater up your nose or some sand in your eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Skateboarding has brutal injuries for the young and old. It does not discriminate.  When things go bad, they go bad....especially if your a novice and you can't anticipate the movement, which makes it worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I skated for years.  I will not skate anymore.  I don't need another broken colar bone.  I don't need to fall and land on my tail bone.  I don't need to hit my cheek bone on a parking block.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T04:18:49.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-12T06:12:28.953" Score="7" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever fielding outside the 30 yard circle, a fielder have to make harder and faster throws(and every time I end up with a painful shoulder). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to effectively throw the ball from outfield without shoulder pain/injuries?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-26T11:32:59.327" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T11:32:59.327" Title="How do you throw from outfield without injuries?" Tags="|cricket|baseball|training|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13071" CreationDate="2016-02-12T13:01:51.130" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This site gives a description of throwing technique for a cricketer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.coachingcricketexcellence.co.uk/cricket-coaching-advice/catching-and-fielding/how-to-throw.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.coachingcricketexcellence.co.uk/cricket-coaching-advice/catching-and-fielding/how-to-throw.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It describes the side-on technique, where you point with your non-throwing arm towards your target and you then can use your weight to provide impetus to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a different, front-on technique, have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCvtnyqG4MM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCvtnyqG4MM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T13:01:51.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12998" CreationDate="2016-02-12T14:55:27.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not specifically related to badminton, but I thought it would be a good fit here nonetheless. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way to prevent ankle injuries is to rely on core strength, especially your hips and glutes. One way to train your hips is by executing the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=single-leg+hip+airplane&amp;amp;es_sm=93&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=1dVxVaCgO4mYyQT4gIKYDQ&amp;amp;ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg&amp;amp;biw=1600&amp;amp;bih=775&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;single-leg hip airplane&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This not only serves to remove dependence on your ankles (as you become more balanced), but also allows you to move with focused explosiveness, which will help you shift while playing badminton (or any sport that requires quick, shifty movements).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/playoffs/2015/story/_/id/13019137/2015-nba-playoffs-how-stephen-curry-put-ankle-issues-him&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; about how Stephen Curry overcame ankle injuries while playing in the NBA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T18:59:39.283" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T18:59:39.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13078" CreationDate="2016-02-12T16:01:29.577" Score="3" ViewCount="928" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked at FIVB indoor volleyball rules and FIVB beach volleyball rules. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't figure out which rules sections numbers lead to someone calling fault when:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a hand-set has too much rotation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a serve is received with an open-hand pass &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to emphasize my &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; interest is to learn which FIVB or AVP rules section numbers apply, directly or indirectly, to the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10810" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-12T20:52:06.860" LastActivityDate="2023-04-03T21:33:25.130" Title="Precisely which rules disallow spinning sets and open-hand passes?" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13068" CreationDate="2016-02-12T16:45:18.753" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been a lot of incarnations of &quot;roller derby&quot; since it's development in the 1920's.  During the 1980's and 1990's there were two attempts to televise skating.  These were RollerGames (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RollerGames&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RollerGames&lt;/a&gt;) and RollerJam (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RollerJam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RollerJam&lt;/a&gt;).  Although both shows had some great skaters and athletes in their line-ups, neither show can be described as televising an actual sporting event whose outcome is unknown and where the plays are unscripted.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Texas Rollergirls (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Rollergirls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Rollergirls&lt;/a&gt;) organized in 2003 and that event is regarded as the birth of modern roller derby.  The biggest difference between the Texas Rollergirls organization and the earlier attempts to promote roller derby relates to the ownership of the organization.  The athletes of the Texas Rollergirls very quickly decided that ensuring their new sport remained a sport was to ensure that their league was athlete owned.  (Rollergirl: Totally True Tales from the Track covers that learning experience.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, any team sport requires more than one team.  Other cities formed leagues.  In 2004, the forerunner of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association was organized. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://wftda.com/history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://wftda.com/history&lt;/a&gt;) It was really a message board/forum.  Twenty of the leagues that participated in it formally organized in 2005.  WFTDA is 503c non-profit which sets the rules and regulations for play, sanctions games, and basically does all the kinds of things that other minor sport associations do.  Around 2010 (I'm not sure of the date) Modern Athletic Derby Endeavor organized.  Basically, M.A.D.E. offers a different rule set that tries to maintain the speed that the banked track provided.  It's an alternative organization for those leagues who may not fit WFTDA or who want to go in a different direction.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer to your questions is that the televised skating athletic events of the 1980's and 90's were very akin to the WWE.  They showcased talented athletes, but were partially to fully scripted.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2003, flat track roller derby under both the WFTDA rule set and the MADE rule set is a 'real' sport.   As a minor sport, inter-league play does struggle to have games with parity.  Athletes play where they live.  So a team that draws from a small city has a lot less breadth and therefore depth than a team that draws from a major metro area.  (Check out flattrackstats.com for some examples of disparity.)  Since all players (myself included) pay to play in dues and rink time and equipment there is no impetus not to play to win every single game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's sort of like comparing the WWE to high school wrestling.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorUserId="2011" LastEditDate="2016-02-12T17:05:04.340" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T17:05:04.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13076" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-12T17:08:55.850" Score="3" ViewCount="1272" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Italy when a team win its 10th Championship (Serie A), they can put on the shirt a &lt;strong&gt;star&lt;/strong&gt; so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Juventus FC has &lt;strong&gt;3 stars&lt;/strong&gt; (31 titles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AC Milan &lt;strong&gt;1 star&lt;/strong&gt; (18 titles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Inter Milan &lt;strong&gt;1 star&lt;/strong&gt; (18 titles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not an official recognition but it is commonly recognized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other similar &lt;em&gt;badges&lt;/em&gt; in football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T08:51:54.693" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T09:47:07.880" Title="Are there other similar badges in football?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|serie-a|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13076" CreationDate="2016-02-12T18:02:50.217" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, such an aspect is common amongst in football on both the club and national level.  While some leagues have official rules on the matter, such as the Champions League (where a &quot;Multiple-Winner Badge&quot;, seen below, is rewarded for any club winning the Champions League five times or three consecutive), while others are far less formal.  It's not uncommon for these rules to be loosely enforced as well; the equipment regulations for FIFA competitions, section 18.2 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Those Member Associations that have won the FIFA World Cup may put a symbol on the playing shirt representing this accomplishment and the number of times won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Uruguay's national team wears four stars (for their two World Cup victories and their two Olympic victories before the World Cup began, which they recognize themselves as Championships), and are allowed to get away with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, unless there is a codified rule in place and enforced, like the Champions League badge, many of the stars are placed on uniforms by the club at their own behest, depending on what titles a team feels are significant.  Occasionally this may adhere to an accepted standard such as the one mentioned in your question, but the club or nation does not necessarily have to take into account anything other than what they want to display on their kits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4oCOI.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4oCOI.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;UEFA Champions League Multiple-Winner Badge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T18:02:50.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13074" CreationDate="2016-02-12T20:21:41.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no particular rule for this; both those faults would just be considered as either a double touch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.1 A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or a catch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.2 The ball must not be caught or thrown&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those quotes from &lt;em&gt;either&lt;/em&gt; the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_BVB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Beach Volleyball Rules 2015-2016&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIVB Indoor Rules 2015-2016&lt;/a&gt;; the wording and numbering is identical between the two rule books. The difference between the two rule sets comes in how strictly the rules are interpreted with the beach interpretations generally being much stricter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T20:21:41.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13079" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-12T22:04:39.207" Score="14" ViewCount="1188" Body="&lt;p&gt;This year's Super Bowl broke the tradition of using Roman numerals. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.syracuse.com/superbowl/index.ssf/2015/01/super_bowl_2015_why_does_the_nfl_use_roman_numerals_not_numbers_for_big_game.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; the NFL postseason media guide says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Roman numerals were adopted to clarify any confusion that may occur because the NFL Championship Game — the Super Bowl — is played in the year following a chronologically recorded season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the article also points out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it really doesn't explain, though, why Roman numerals are used, not numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, for just one year, the NFL is not going use Roman numerals. Next year would have been Super Bowl L. The league reportedly went through 73 versions of a logo with the letter &amp;quot;L&amp;quot; and decided it didn't work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pe04.com/olympic/trivia/olympiad_t.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympics also uses Roman numerals&lt;/a&gt;—presumably because it connects the modern version the ancient tradition. After Super Bowl V, the numbering system was retroactively applied to I-IV, but I haven't been able to figure out why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10812" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T13:53:40.177" Title="Why does the NFL use Roman numerals for Super Bowl numbering?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13079" CreationDate="2016-02-12T22:27:18.253" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;An article in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0126/Why-does-the-Super-Bowl-use-Roman-numerals&quot;&gt;Christian Science Monitor&lt;/a&gt; indicates that it was Lamar Hunt's idea initially:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It was [Hunt’s] brainchild,&quot; said Moore of the numbering system in an interview with Yahoo. &quot;I think people felt from the start that it had something to it, even if they couldn’t quite put their finger on exactly what it was. Before long it was just part of it. Now it wouldn’t be the same without it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article states that it specifically is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; related to the Olympics, at least not directly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The NFL didn't model after the Olympics,&quot; Dan Masonson, director of the league's corporate communication, told the AP. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They then go on to explain that the reason for using numbers of any sort is due to what the NFL media guide explains (i.e., they want to avoid confusion if you said &quot;2014 Superbowl&quot; what that refers to), and that Roman Numerals were selected to make it seem more prestigious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Roman numerals were used to make the game seem more prestigious, back when the Super Bowl was not yet the most watched television event of the year. “It’s much more magisterial,” Moore told the AP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, it's perfectly reasonable to guess that both the Olympics and the NFL have the same root reason - Roman Numerals seem fancier, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T22:27:18.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13083" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-14T06:20:19.667" Score="1" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;On what basis are some cricketers &quot;knighted&quot;. For example Sir Don Bradman, Sir Vivian Richards etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it because they were &quot;great&quot; cricketers. If thats the logic, there has been so many other great cricketers that haven't been &quot;knighted&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10818" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T07:46:20.937" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T07:46:20.937" Title="On what basis are some cricketers knighted?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-02-16T14:28:06.317" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13083" CreationDate="2016-02-14T09:13:09.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Knighthoods and other honours are awarded for &quot;services to sport&quot;; there are no fixed criteria and the award is (nominally) made by the reigning monarch of the UK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that while relatively few cricketers have been knighted, a non-trivial number have received other honours (MBEs etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-02-14T11:51:40.880" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T11:51:40.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4513" CreationDate="2016-02-14T17:56:22.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you goal is to have measurements comparable to the professionals then you need to find a tool that is measuring the speed of the ball right after the racket hits the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are multiple tools commonly found in online tennis stores, but almost all of them measure the speed of the ball close to the net, which makes it not comparable to the &quot;official&quot; measurements of the pros.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends what exactly you hope to achieve with that measurement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it for fun or to quantify progress or do you want to compare yourself to the professionals? I ask this, because this is a topic that was discussed endlessly in tennis forums I've been quite active in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10820" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T17:56:22.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13090" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-15T06:07:16.860" Score="4" ViewCount="2022" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a corner is awarded (when ball is knocked over the goal line), how long is it before the corner is actually delivered, in the top leagues or in internation games? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a maximum amount of time players can use up before taking the corner? What about time for attackers/defenders to get into position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10380" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-16T23:41:19.917" LastActivityDate="2016-02-17T22:50:35.927" Title="How long does it usually take to take a corner kick?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13094" CreationDate="2016-02-15T11:31:17.707" Score="4" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where can I find the points per game (of both teams) throughout many NBA seasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate my point, what I mean is something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000/01 average points per NBA game: 200;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2001/02 average points per NBA game: 210;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002/03 average points per NBA game: 205;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10825" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-06T19:12:15.453" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T19:12:15.453" Title="Where can I find the points per game throughout many NBA seasons?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-15T11:54:52.827" Score="21" ViewCount="3022" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kli%C5%BEan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martin Kližan&lt;/a&gt; won ATP tournament in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_ABN_AMRO_World_Tennis_Tournament_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;. On the way to the final he &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/klizan-monfils-rotterdam-2016-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;saved 8 match points&lt;/a&gt; (5 against Batistuta Agut and 3 against Mahut). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most match points saved by a tournament winner throughout the tournament? (What is the record for ATP tournaments, WTA tournaments, Grand Slams?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a similar question about most match points saved in one match: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5683/maximum-match-point-saved-in-a-tennis-match&quot;&gt;Maximum match point saved in a tennis match?&lt;/a&gt; From the players mentioned there, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano_Panatta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adriano Panatta&lt;/a&gt; saved 11 match points in his first round match at 1976 Italian Open and also won the whole tournament. The tournament was a part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit, which was a predecessor of the ATP World Tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia list number of match points saved by Grand Slam winners &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_related_tennis_records#Won_a_title_after_saving_match_points&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, although I am not sure whether the list is complete. (Here is link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grand_Slam_related_tennis_records&amp;amp;oldid=880471875#Won_a_title_after_saving_match_points&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the article.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Tennis/Which-player-has-saved-maximum-number-of-match-points-and-went-on-to-win-the-match-in-a-grand-slam/answer/Abhijit-Mukund-Kulkarni&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; at Quora, Grand Slam record is 5 match points saved by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Orantes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manuel Orantes&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975 US Open&lt;/a&gt;. (However, no source supporting this claim is given there.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/klizan-monfils-rotterdam-2016-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; on the ATP Tour website and also &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ATPMediaInfo/status/698995814350393348&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this tweet&lt;/a&gt; say that Kližan's 8 match points is the most at an ATP tournament since 2001. But it is not mentioned who saved eight or more match points and still won the title in 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: A recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/best-of-2016-atp-comebacks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on ATP Tour website&lt;/a&gt; mentioned that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Mantilla_Botella&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Félix Mantilla Botella&lt;/a&gt; won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Campionati_Internazionali_di_Sicilia_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001 Palermo&lt;/a&gt; after saving 9 match points in the semifinals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT2: On WTA tournaments, the highest number I have seen is 8 match points saved by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Petkovic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrea Petkovic&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Diamond_Games_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Antwerp&lt;/a&gt;. WTA:  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wtatennis.com/news/petkovic-caps-dream-week-antwerp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Petkovic Caps Dream Week In Antwerp&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190206124814/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/petkovic-caps-dream-week-antwerp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Ericsson_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001 Miami&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Capriati&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jennifer Capriati&lt;/a&gt; lost in the final to Venus Williams, despite having eight championship points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T10:53:46.040" LastActivityDate="2023-10-04T08:55:01.077" Title="What is the most match points saved by a tournament winner?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13092" CreationDate="2016-02-15T14:21:10.623" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_stats.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basketball-reference.com&lt;/a&gt; you can find many stats on NBA matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the colum Points in the Game section you can find data you need (see the picture below and use x2 coefficient)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KKx17.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KKx17.png&quot; alt=&quot;Points per game&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="777" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T09:22:35.760" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T09:22:35.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13090" CreationDate="2016-02-16T00:59:50.773" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no minimum or maximum amount of time to restart the game before a corner kick is assigned. Usually the assistant near the corner will help to insure that the ball is in the corner arc and all opponents are, at least, 10 yards away. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player takes an unusually longer time to restart the game, intentionally delaying the game, the referee caution him or give out a yellow card. It is a judgement call by the refs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T00:59:50.773" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13090" CreationDate="2016-02-16T01:24:16.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football/Soccer is a sport which is mostly regulated by the Referee. His word, even when wrong is the law. This is important because some referees cancel freekicks and corner kicks that are done IF the referee doesn't blow the whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, the corner takes place in 5 to 30 seconds, if there aren't any players hurt or a substitution. It also depends on whether the referee takes longer to blow the whistle or give any other indication that the player may kick the ball. Usually shorter delay occurs when it's a repeat corner, meaning, when after a corner, the ball goes out of the pitch for yet another corner. The longer delays happen on rare ocasions where Goalkeepers move to the area in order to assist the team like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9wpKOg3nhY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Patrício vs Twente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the Referee may warn or show a yellow card to players who stall when ordered to resume the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10828" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T01:24:16.457" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5042" CreationDate="2016-02-16T01:51:44.593" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This Question is somewhat subjective. Football is a low scoring sport. This means that one point (goal) is so much more impactful than one point (Touchdown, Goal, basket) in other sports like in American Football, Handball or Basketball. Due to this, a team with weaker players is able to win if they have one good play while being good on the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth mentioning that certain teams excel at different things. For example, Barcelona's Tiki-Taka is extremely good at circulating the ball at a high tempo, keeping posession and allowing for the ball to safely go up the field. This Works because Barcelona has fast players that are good at passing the ball. Should they meet, Mourinho's Internazionale (which happened), they'd be in serious trouble against his team's deep lines with pin point long balls. The outcome was a clear two-nill that put Inter in the Finals of the Champion's League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is however something else to consider. In the World Cup, each group has 4 teams, and only 2 go on to the Knockout Stage. If we consider the Group B of 2014's World Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You had Chile, Spain, Australia and the Netherlands in the same group. By Quality, Spain and Netherlands would go over. However, Chile beat Spain, and ended up in 2nd place. Due to Spain, the stronger team being out, it means that, potentially, in the finals they wouldn't have to face Spain, because Spain was already knocked out. You could argue that if you beat Spain it's because you're stronger than Spain, but that's not always true. In fact, Spain(Didn't make past the group stage), Brazil (4th place) and Germany (winner) were the favorites going into the WC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Sum, the effect that winning the group of death has on a team is, other than raising morale, simply not having to face the colossus you beat already, because, in theory, the weaker teams that were in other groups will now be playing against you (since the stronger teams were already out of the competetion due to you winning the group of death)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10828" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T01:51:44.593" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12135" CreationDate="2016-02-16T08:40:41.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;TO add to MattW it also has to do with the physics of how rugby union tackles happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of rugby tackles have do with position your shoulders at the ball carriers hips and driving his feet from under him. There is quite a large amount of force that goes trough your shoulder to stop these rampaging giants from moving forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think that the rugby lawmakers thought that any sort of stiff padding in the lower half of the body would adversely effect players shoulders who always had to take a fair amount of punishment anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In regards to the padding that is allowed generally it is considered poor tackling technique to tackle as high as shoulders. These padding protect players against the occasional high tackle or shoulder charge. While not effecting the vast majority of technically correct tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a few pictures to demonstrate my point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9tGYQ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9tGYQ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OJ2XE.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OJ2XE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TG7br.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TG7br.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T08:40:41.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12729" CreationDate="2016-02-16T08:53:01.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just out of a practical point of view it matters a significant amount in Test cricket. Traditionally in five day cricket you really don want to bat in the 4th innings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitch no matter how well prepared will have experienced wear and tear. By the fifth day it will show and your teams spinners will be having a field day. You can also experience variable bound for your seamers that generally make batting a nightmare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this is true in most condition it is taken to the extreme in the Sub-Continent. There I must say the wickets are often very unsporting and by the fifth day the wickets are such a nightmare that batting becomes virtually impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those condition the team bating 1st and 3rd is at a great advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2016-02-16T08:53:01.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13101" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-16T09:28:27.803" Score="8" ViewCount="2713" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was Messi's Penalty Kick against Celta de Vigo in La Liga 2016 considered a miss, according to FIFA rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8846/are-players-allowed-to-pass-a-penalty&quot;&gt;Are players allowed to pass a penalty?&lt;/a&gt; it's established that it is possible to 'pass' a penalty kick, however does it count as a miss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10830" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:29:01.780" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:29:01.780" Title="Was Messi's Penalty Kick against Celta de Vigo in La Liga 2016 considered a miss?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13101" CreationDate="2016-02-16T17:44:56.307" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically football officials don't record 'misses'. Only statisticians do so. There is no definition of a 'penalty miss' in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA's Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. (I'm mentioning this since you have tagged &lt;code&gt;rules&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalscorers in games in major tournaments (like Spanish La Liga, English Premier League, UEFA Champions League, FIFA World Cup, etc.) are recorded during the match by the match commissioner. The competition organizers then keep tally, for awards like top scorer and best player which are given at the end of the competition. In this case, the Royal Spanish Football Federation would add the goal to Luis Suarez's tally, while Lionel Messi would be credited with the assist (which most federations keep tally of as well). But again, there is no record of any penalty (or any other kind of) misses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistics companies do keep track of penalty misses and various other statistics for informational purposes and I suppose this would count as a miss as mentioned by Oak in the comments to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether this is allowed, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/16&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Procedure:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After the players have taken positions in accordance with this Law, the&#xA;  referee signals for the penalty kick to be taken&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The player taking the penalty kick must kick the ball forward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He must not play the ball again until it has touched another player&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Messi and Suarez complied with all the above rules. Hence, it was a legitimate goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-18T08:09:28.183" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T08:09:28.183" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13090" CreationDate="2016-02-17T17:39:56.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very interesting question, here is my take one it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It very much depends on the time of the game. At the beginning of the game you tend to see that a team is taking their time and not going at full speed. At this time it could take between 5-30 seconds depending on how far the ball is from the corner, as well as how many players you need to get on top of the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, late in the game you will see teams try to slow the game down and waste time. For instance, if Team A is beating Team B, Team A is going to want to take 20-40 seconds to really milk that time. Team B on the other hand is going to want to take corners between 5-10 seconds to have more playing time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastEditorUserId="10836" LastEditDate="2016-02-17T22:50:35.927" LastActivityDate="2016-02-17T22:50:35.927" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12912" CreationDate="2016-02-17T17:43:40.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases, you cannot do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rare occasions when it &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; happen.  For instance, a finals match at a home stadium. A good example of this is UEFA 2012 Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-04-11T06:54:36.613" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T06:54:36.613" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12000" CreationDate="2016-02-18T17:18:24.283" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions of this type, it seems reasonable to create a CW answer where various users can contribute the instances they are aware of, add references, etc. (We will probably not create a complete list, but at least we will have some of them.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;List of tournaments cancelled due to rain&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doubles competition at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Dow_Chemical_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987 Dow Chemical Classic&lt;/a&gt; (Birmingham) was cancelled due to rain before completion of the first round matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;List of tournaments unfinished due to rain&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Grand Slams&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women's doubles final at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Australian_Open_(December)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;December 1977 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt; was not played due to rain. See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Open_women%27s_doubles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/event_guide/history/draws/9977_MS_1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160304110901/http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/event_guide/history/draws/9977_MS_1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Grand Prix tennis circuit&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_tennis_circuit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grand Prix tennis circuit&lt;/a&gt; was a predecessor of ATP Tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At 1974 Viceroy Classic (Honk Kong), neither singles nor doubles competition were finished. See Wikipedia page on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Grand_Prix_(tennis)#November&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974 Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At the 1976 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nottingham Open&lt;/a&gt; both singles and doubles competition remained unfinished. (Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/20/archives/connors-nastase-split-prize-in-rain.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180609084248/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/20/archives/connors-nastase-split-prize-in-rain.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;.) A similar situation repeated at the same tournament a year later, in 1977. (Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.leftlion.co.uk/read/2017/june/nottingham-open-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180609084552/https://www.leftlion.co.uk/read/2017/june/nottingham-open-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The final of 1977 Peugeot Open (Johanessburg) was not played. See Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_(tennis)#March&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1977 Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;. (However, I did not find some source with explanation of the reason for cancelling. So it's possible that in this case it was not weather-related.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Final of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Congoleum_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980 Congoleum Classic&lt;/a&gt; (Indian Wells) was not played due to rain. Doubles competition was cancelled after the first round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Monte_Carlo_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1981 Monte Carlo Open&lt;/a&gt; singles final was abandoned due to rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both singles and doubles finals at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Volvo_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987 Volvo International&lt;/a&gt; (Stratton Mountain) were cancelled due to rain. Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-11/sports/sp-700_1_lendl-mcenroe-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180609085140/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-11/sports/sp-700_1_lendl-mcenroe-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add that the final of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_ABN_World_Tennis_Tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984 ABN World Tennis Tournament&lt;/a&gt; was unfinished, too. But the reasons had nothing to do with weather, the final was cancelled after an anonymous bomb thread. Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vavel.com/en-us/tennis-usa/2016/02/03/600752-rotterdam-feature-the-unfinished-final.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180609135436/https://www.vavel.com/en-us/tennis-usa/2016/02/03/600752-rotterdam-feature-the-unfinished-final.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;ATP Tour&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doubles final at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Stella_Artois_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 Stella Artois Championships&lt;/a&gt; (Queen's Club) was cancelled due to rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Final of the doubles competition at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Heineken_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 Heineken Trophy&lt;/a&gt; ('s-Hertogenbosch) was cancelled due to rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;WTA Tour&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Singles final at 1973 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Austrian_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Austrian Open&lt;/a&gt; (Kitzbühel) was cancelled due to rain. See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_WTA_Tour#July&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doubles final at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_and_the_Virginia_Slims_of_Palm_Springs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 Virginia Slims of Palm Springs&lt;/a&gt; was not played because of the rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1994 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Swiss_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eurocard Open&lt;/a&gt; (Lucerne), the doubles competition was cancelled after two of the quarterfinals. Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Draws/1994/501.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20161227102808/http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Draws/1994/501.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Direct_Line_International_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 Direct Line International Championships&lt;/a&gt; (Eastbourne) both singles and doubles finals were cancelled due to rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_DFS_Classic_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 DFS Classic&lt;/a&gt; (Birmingham) the singles semifinal and final matches were not played. (The doubles competition was finished.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Bausch_%26_Lomb_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Doubles&lt;/a&gt; semifinals at 2000 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Island_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amelia Island&lt;/a&gt; were cancelled due to rain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both singles and doubles final and one doubles semifinal at 2000 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Farm_Women%27s_Tennis_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;State Farm Women's Tennis Classic&lt;/a&gt; (Scottsdale) were cancelled due to rain. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_WTA_Tour#February&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;  Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/03/sports/plus-tennis-state-farm-classic-hingis-davenport-final-is-canceled.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180609083013/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/03/sports/plus-tennis-state-farm-classic-hingis-davenport-final-is-canceled.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-03-16T10:52:10.727" LastActivityDate="2023-03-16T10:52:10.727" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-02-18T17:18:24.283" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8575" CreationDate="2016-02-18T18:03:47.690" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to answer from my own experience. I am a travelling soccer player that plays with around 21 other travelling soccer players that have flown across the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When going forward (example: America to Germany):&#xA;What we generally do in this situation was go to bed as early as we could. Very often, I would stay in bed doing nothing but laying there thinking about the games. Also, the first day I was in the Germany, we would not sleep till it was late. Generally when you arrive you have a massive urge to sleep, though if you push through it gives you an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When going backward (example: East Coast to West Coast):&#xA;What we did was to stay up a bit passed midnight. When we arrived it took very little time to adapt. I would say that going backward is not nearly as hard as going forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T18:03:47.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10250" CreationDate="2016-02-18T18:15:06.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 2 very large tournaments. One being the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Table Tennis World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. This tournament happens one time a year. Though, this is only a singles championship. Doubles events do not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand another very large event is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Table Tennis Championship&lt;/a&gt;. The difference is that this event runs annually switching between doubles and singles every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do still have Open events that are large, though these are some of the largest annual events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastActivityDate="2016-02-18T18:15:06.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15446" CreationDate="2016-02-19T11:07:16.547" Score="4" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_combined&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; it is said that, Alpine combined is consisting of one run of Downhill and two runs of Slalom, while its variation Super Combined, can be Downhill/SuperG, plus one run of Slalom. From the past years I only see a Super Combined discipline, right? Is the classic Alpine combined used at all? I guess no, cause now it is believed that, even with one run of Slalom, the technical skiers have an advantage, therefore is bigger with two run of Slalom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm also one of the guys, who contribute to the 2016 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alpine Skiing World Cup&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia page, and in the Men's section I see that there are two Alpine Combined events, and only the third one is marked as Super Combined. I guess they are all Super Combined and this is a little bit unclear. I want to fix it, but I want to be sure about it. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T14:24:27.760" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T20:17:17.060" Title="Is the classic alpine combined used as a skiing discipline or now all drive super combined?" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-19T11:42:32.810" Score="2" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess there aren't rules for creating Alpine Skiing World Cup calendar, but I guess there is some logic behind choosing the number of the different disciplines that will be in a current cup season. For the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Alpine skiing calendar&lt;/a&gt;, especially the men's one, I see 11 Downhill, 8 SuperG, 11 Giant Slaloms, 11 Slaloms and 3 Super Combined. This means that the fast skiers has advantage in 19 races (DH + SG), while the technical ones have advantage in 22 (GS + SL).&#xA;What is FIS logic behind this schedule and is it well balanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T11:42:52.950" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T11:42:52.950" Title="How FIS creates the Alpine Skiing World cup calendar?" Tags="|skiing|schedule|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13119" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-19T14:00:39.593" Score="3" ViewCount="27303" Body="&lt;p&gt;In UK Pool rules, what happens if both players are on black and a player deliberately taps the white 1cm forward into nothing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I play, this is a foul but as the next player is on black they do not get 2 shots, however this tactic was employed to have the black ball moved by the player not committing the foul to move the black from a tricky position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10850" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T22:11:08.920" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T10:37:09.163" Title="In UK Pool rules, what happens if both players are on black and a player deliberately taps the white 1cm forward into nothing?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13142" CreationDate="2016-02-19T14:37:05.303" Score="5" ViewCount="6202" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Messi passed 300 goals for Barcelona, I asked this question, but couldn't find an answer anywhere. Who has scored more goals than Messi for a single club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&#xA;I was specifically asking for the goals in the domestic league that's why I've created separate questions for the goals in all the competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13145/players-with-400-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-all-competitions-european-c&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals for a single team in all competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13146/players-with-300-or-more-goals-in-top-flight-domestic-league-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13147/players-with-400-or-more-goals-in-all-club-competitions-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals in all club competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T13:43:33.863" Title="Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in top flight domestic league (European clubs)" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13122" CreationDate="2016-02-19T14:59:44.570" Score="5" ViewCount="1224" Body="&lt;p&gt;When in 1970 Brazil wins Jules Rimet Trophy for the third time, then for the next world cup in 1974 the trophy is new - so called FIFA World Cup Trophy. Since then Germany has won the cup 3 times, the last in 2014. Should we expect a new World Cup trophy or this is just a rumour?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T15:54:34.690" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T16:26:59.260" Title="Is it true that football World cup trophy is always changed, when a country wins it 3 times?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-02-19T16:26:59.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is untrue. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/brand/trophy.html&quot;&gt;FIFA's page about the trophy&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The original FIFA World Cup Trophy cannot be won outright anymore, as the new regulations state that it shall remain in FIFA's possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T16:26:59.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13125" CreationDate="2016-02-19T16:44:58.227" Score="8" ViewCount="16687" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the quarterback allowed to make an underhand throw in the NFL? If so, if the pass is incomplete is the play dead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T21:45:08.353" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T01:08:43.773" Title="Is the quarterback allowed to make an underhand throw in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13123" CreationDate="2016-02-19T17:31:24.320" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The quarterback may throw the ball in any way he likes as long as he uses his arm(s).  Whatever way he decides to throw the ball - underhand, granny-style, basketball shot-style, in between his legs, whatever - they are all treated exactly the same.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he throws it underhand forward, that is perfectly legal.  If the receiver drops this the ball it is dead, incomplete pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's go ahead and add two other examples that we are seeing a lot now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Can a quarterback throw overhand backwards?  The answer is still the same.  Any ball thrown overhand, underhand or whatever backwards is all the same.  The difference on a backwards pass is that the throw isn't actually a throw, it is treated the same as a hand-off.  Meaning if dropped it is a live ball.  Also for stats purposes if a QB throws the ball backwards 20 yards across the field to a WR, it is not a passing attempt, it is a rush attempt by the WR.  Several times this year in the NFL I have seen scorers count these overhand backwards passes as passing yards/receiving yards and watched them get changed to rush attempts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Some coaches have (IMO) used the passing rules to manipulate fumble risks and passing/receiving stats for their team.  In your basic spread formations you have several variations of motion or jet sweeps.  It has become the trend for the QB to use a pop pass in these cases instead of a hand-off.  The pop pass is simply the QB releasing the ball in the air with two hands right in front of him.  If you actually slow down most pop passes the ball indeed travels backwards but in real time looks to be even or the same.  The reason the ball travels backwards is because as QB receives the ball in a gun formation he is going backwards (even if it is slightly).  So when jet receiver drops this pass/hand-off it is ruled an incompletion.  When he catches it it should be statted as a completion for however many yards the WR gets running.  This allows a QB/WR to rack up stats against &quot;slower&quot; competition while proving no skill set.  (I watched tape on a kid this year with 1200 yards receiving at the high school level - which if you don't know is excellent.  500+ of the yards where on jet sweeps.  Still 700 yards is great and he is a great prospect but very very deceiving.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T17:42:38.457" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T17:42:38.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13123" CreationDate="2016-02-19T17:31:46.290" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the NFL rulebook (Rule 8, Section 1, Article 1), the definition of a forward pass is when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) the ball initially moves forward (to a point nearer the opponent’s goal line) after leaving the passer’s&#xA;  hand(s); or&#xA;  (b) the ball first strikes the ground, a player, an official, or anything else at a point that is nearer the&#xA;  opponent’s goal line than the point at which the ball leaves the passer’s hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no distinction made between overhand, underhand, or sidearm passes and they all follow the same rules..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a player is in control of the ball and attempting to pass it forward, any intentional forward movement of&#xA;  his hand starts a forward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so yes, an incomplete pass would warrant the play being dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are plenty of instances of underhand passes being used in the NFL and other levels of play, usually as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_pass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;shovel pass (a kind of screen pass&lt;/a&gt;), but also sometimes when the quarterback is being dragged down and wants to get rid of the ball as quickly as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T22:02:06.953" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T22:02:06.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13120" CreationDate="2016-02-19T21:54:30.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a list of retired players I have found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ferenc Puskás scored 374 goals in 358 matches for Budapest Honvéd, where he played from 1943 to 1956&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ian Rush scored 346 goals in 660 appearances for Liverpool in two spells from 1980 to 1987 and then from 1988 to 1996&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alfredo Stéfano di Stéfano Laulhé scored 307 goals in 396 appearances for Real Madrid from 1953 to 1964&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eusébio scored 473 goals in 440 appearances during his 15 year spell at Benfica &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Bull scored 306 goals in 561 appearances for Wolverhampton Wanderers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pelé scored 643 goals in 656 appearances for Santos, a team he played with for eighteen years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Raúl González Blanco scored 323 goals in 741 appearances for Real Madrid between 1994 and 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gerd Müller scored 566 goals in 607 matches for Bayern Munich between 1964 and 1979&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uwe Seeler scored 444 goals in 519 games for Hamburger SV between 1954 and 1972&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: This list is by no means exhaustive. Just a list of some players who scored a hell of a lot of goals for their respective clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T06:08:08.683" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T06:08:08.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13127" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13139" CreationDate="2016-02-19T22:34:29.127" Score="3" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;When looking at the men's winners in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Alpine Skiing World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, there are 17 wins for Norwegian skiers. Is this already a record for most wins for a nation, or the skiers from another country achieved more wins for a season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T03:59:22.120" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T22:45:03.133" Title="Which nation has the most men's wins in a single Alpine Skiing World Cup season?" Tags="|records|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13134" CreationDate="2016-02-19T23:20:02.337" Score="8" ViewCount="11818" Body="&lt;p&gt;When an NBA team wins the championship, they are called world champions. How did that come about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-05-07T08:00:51.493" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T06:33:59.853" Title="Are the NBA champions called World champions? Why is that?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-20T12:42:05.913" Score="6" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;So recently, there has been this incident where a batsmen was out due to a mankad (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/cricket-greats-slam-mankad-dismissal-at-u19-cricket-world-cup/news-story/e4134bb470e2482f0a17dc4dedba6c1f&quot;&gt;http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/cricket-greats-slam-mankad-dismissal-at-u19-cricket-world-cup/news-story/e4134bb470e2482f0a17dc4dedba6c1f&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having read what it actually is, I don't really understand why it's against the spirit of the game. I mean, it's a legitimate dismissal within the rules of cricket and it's fairly easy to avoid being dismissed this way by just not trying to leaving the crease to get a headstart before the ball is bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to be the cricket version of getting out while trying to steal a base (in baseball). Why is there so much outrage about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T13:31:25.453" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T13:50:15.183" Title="Why do some consider it against the spirit of cricket to mankad a batsmen?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13132" CreationDate="2016-02-20T13:50:15.183" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is considered to be ungentelmaly conduct and sharp practice which is against the spirit of cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different types of mankad in my opinion as an umpire.   The one in the u19 world Cup the bowler was never going to deliver the ball and no warning was given.   Also the batsmen was not stealing a run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been other cases including Jos Butler over the summer where the batsmen was 3 or 4 ft down and could be argued to be stealing  run.   He was also warned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an umpire what I have discussed with my colleagues is that if the batsmen is approaching the 4ft marker he is stealing a run and I will warn him and should be be run out I will have no issue with the dismissal.   However in the situation in the u19 world Cup I would be with my colleague having a chat with the fielding captain as to the appeal and whether he wants it to stand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe there may be changes coming in the next law rewrite to deal with this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ben&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T13:50:15.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13130" CreationDate="2016-02-20T17:18:46.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is because NBA is probaly the most important national basketball championship in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dream Team&lt;/a&gt; Olympic performances in world vision helped the thought that the NBA tournament was at a higher level than any other world championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2008/nov/18/american-sports-nfl-nba-mlb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; has analyzed this issue and emphasized the non-validity of this appellative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;However, any of this elements does not justify the &quot;World Champions&quot; title.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-02-21T08:55:51.550" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T08:55:51.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13136" CreationDate="2016-02-20T17:37:31.273" Score="7" ViewCount="4547" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that a 20-year old football player can play for his senior national team, but after playing in a match for the senior team can he return to play for the &quot;youth&quot; team? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T08:06:49.573" LastActivityDate="2019-02-26T20:22:46.353" Title="Can a U21 football player play for the senior team as well as the U21 team?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13135" CreationDate="2016-02-20T17:56:14.837" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes of course he can. As long as he is eligible in terms of his age, he can play for the under-21 team despite having played for his senior national team as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A recent example is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Kane&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Harry Kane&lt;/a&gt;. He made his senior international debut for England against Lithuania on 27th March, 2015. Later, in June 2015, he played for the England under-21 side at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_UEFA_European_Under-21_Championship_squads&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;under-21 European Championships&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T08:25:28.567" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T08:25:28.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13138" CreationDate="2016-02-20T22:44:17.853" Score="11" ViewCount="11842" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the footballers that have scored at least one goal in each minute from the first to 90th?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-10-27T12:26:43.297" LastActivityDate="2023-06-15T13:03:27.823" Title="Who are the football players that have scored in every minute of a football match?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13137" CreationDate="2016-02-20T22:44:17.853" Score="14" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://messivsronaldo.net/records/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2746046/Zlatan-Ibrahimovic-scored-EVERY-MINUTE-football-match.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zlatan Ibrahimović&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/16232148/luis-suarez-goalscoring-feat-every-minute-match/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Suarez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://messi.starplayerstats.com/en/bingo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt; is the other footballer who has a chance to achieve this, if he scores in the 1st minute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2023-06-15T13:03:27.823" LastActivityDate="2023-06-15T13:03:27.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13127" CreationDate="2016-02-20T23:25:03.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/a&gt; season - Austrian team with 26 wins.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt; season - Austrian team with 24 wins.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; season - Norwegian team with 19 wins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Alpine_Skiing_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; season - Austrian team with 19 wins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find official statistic, but I've manually checked all the possible seasons starting 1970.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2016-03-13T22:45:03.133" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T22:45:03.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13130" CreationDate="2016-02-21T04:20:32.220" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like it or not, American sports has a history of calling the winner of each of its major professional sports each year &quot;World Champions.&quot;  This tradition goes back to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_World_Series&quot;&gt;1884 World Series&lt;/a&gt;.  Besides the NBA and Major League Baseball, the NFL also calls their Super Bowl winning team &quot;World Champions.&quot;  It is a little bit of a joke, but also signifies that we American sports fans think of our sports as the best in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T04:20:32.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13120" CreationDate="2016-02-21T09:38:30.500" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have started a CW answer, where various users can add players they find (or occasionally update numbers for active players). I guess in this way we can find at least an approximation of a complete list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We could get very different numbers depending on which competitions we count (for example, all competitions including European cups, all domestic competitions including domestic cups and lower level leagues). To make this list correspond to the OP, let us only count &lt;strong&gt;top-level domestic leagues&lt;/strong&gt;. (I.e., we don't count cups, only league matches in the top-level league.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in a top-flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt; (Barcelona/La Liga) &lt;strong&gt;474&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe_Seeler&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uwe Seeler&lt;/a&gt; (Hamburger SV/Oberliga &amp;amp; Bundesliga) &lt;strong&gt;404&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGrory#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy McGrory&lt;/a&gt; (Celtic Glasgow/Scottish League) &lt;strong&gt;395&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Bican&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josef Bican&lt;/a&gt; (Slavia Prague/Czechoslovak First League) &lt;strong&gt;395&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Szusza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ferenc Szusza&lt;/a&gt; (Újpest/Hungarian League) &lt;strong&gt;393&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyula_Zsengell%C3%A9r&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gyula Zsengellér&lt;/a&gt; (Újpest/Hungarian League) &lt;strong&gt;368&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Müller&lt;/a&gt; (Bayern Munich/Bundesliga) &lt;strong&gt;365&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ferenc Puskás&lt;/a&gt; (Budapest Honvéd/National Championship I) &lt;strong&gt;352&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_De_Cleyn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Albert De Cleyn&lt;/a&gt; (KV Mechelen/Belgian First Division) &lt;strong&gt;350&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Mermans&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joseph Mermans&lt;/a&gt; (Anderlecht/Belgian First Division) &lt;strong&gt;339&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Peyroteo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fernando Peyroteo&lt;/a&gt; (Sporting/Primeira Liga) &lt;strong&gt;329&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eusébio&lt;/a&gt; (Benfica/Primeira Divisão) &lt;strong&gt;317&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt; (Real Madrid/La Liga) &lt;strong&gt;311&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie_Dean&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dixie Dean&lt;/a&gt; (Everton/First Division) &lt;strong&gt;310&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_van_der_Kuijlen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Willy van der Kuijlen&lt;/a&gt; (PSV Eindhoven/Eredivisie) &lt;strong&gt;308&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players marked in bold still play in the given club and competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;As of 7 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;404 goals for Hamburger SV, if we count both Oberliga and Bundesliga; 137 if we only count Bundesliga. (Oberliga was the highest level competition in the North of Germany before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_of_the_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;foundation of Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;395 according to stats at Wikipedia, 397 according to RSSSF.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;The number 395 is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Bican&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/tsjsltops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSSF&lt;/a&gt; lists separately 218 goals in Czechoslovak competitions and 232 goals in the era of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. His stats at RSSSF are not broken down by the team, only total number of goals is given.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;377 according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_De_Cleyn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Albert De Cleyn&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia page, 350 according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/belgtops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSSF&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League#Top_scorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Belgian Pro League&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia page.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;330 according to RSSSF.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;308 according to RSSSF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Sources&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles about individual players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/alltime-tops.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of League All-Time Topscorers&lt;/a&gt; at RSSSF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.therichest.com/sports/soccer-sports/top-10-goalscorers-in-bundesliga-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top 10 Goalscorers in Bundesliga History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Das große Buch der Fußball-Rekorde by Omar Gisler, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.sk/books?id=OxswOvHm3FEC&amp;amp;pg=PA40&amp;amp;lpg=PA40&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page 40&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League#Top_scorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Belgian Pro League&lt;/a&gt; and and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/belgtops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSSF Archive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.free-elements.com/England/ts0.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top Division English League Goal Scorers 1888-2015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engtops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England - All-Time Topscorers&lt;/a&gt; at RSSSF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/porttops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Portugal - All-Time Topscorers&lt;/a&gt; at RSSSF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/scottops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scotland - All-Time Topscorers&lt;/a&gt; at RSSSF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hungarian league top scorers at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzeti_Bajnoks%C3%A1g_I#Records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; nad &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesh/hongtops-allt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSSF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_football_top_scorers#All-time_top_scorers_in_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spanish football top scorers&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=2185739.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The top scorers in European league history&lt;/a&gt; at uefa.com&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=cze/news/newsid=2190403.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Meet Europe's most prolific scorer of all time&lt;/a&gt; at uefa.com&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2975551/Lionel-Messi-breaks-10-time-scorers-list-Europe-s-leagues.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi breaks into top 10 all-time scorers list for Europe's top leagues...&lt;/a&gt; - Daily Mail&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://footyroom.com/forum/football-talk/greatest-goalscorers-of-individual-clubs-57617&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Greatest goalscorers of individual clubs&lt;/a&gt; at Footyroom forum.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.xtratime.org/forum/showthread.php?t=60730&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Best As per IFFHS&lt;/a&gt; at Xtratune forum.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/en/2014/11/24/en/football/barcelona/1416867468.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 'Messis' from the world's best leagues&lt;/a&gt; at marca.com&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2185739.html#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The top scorers in European league history&lt;/a&gt; - UEFA (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180115201817/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2185739.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2021-08-07T13:43:33.863" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T13:43:33.863" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-02-21T09:38:30.500" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-21T15:54:15.683" Score="10" ViewCount="2360" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Southern California, where the heat can reach up to 100 degrees (F) easily in the summer. I only have room for a table in the garage, and am a little worried about how the heat might affect the table via warping. I've ordered a 18mm table (Joola Tour 1800) - in general will it be okay or might it suffer? If so, would this be a slow process over many years or happen on the first couple of hot days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The table should be in the storage position most of the time, and back in a corner that shares walls with the house - not in direct sunlight. It's very dry out here, and the coldest it ever gets out here is 40 degrees (F) or so at nights during the winter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10862" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T13:30:13.423" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T21:31:09.200" Title="How much can heat/weather affect a table tennis table?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13877" CreationDate="2016-02-22T10:45:07.540" Score="7" ViewCount="3042" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having already started a discussion for the players that has 300 or more goals in top flight domestic league for an European club let's distinguish a question for players with more than 400 goals in all competitions for a single club in Europe. Excluding friendly matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13120/players-with-300-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-top-flight-domestic-league&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13146/players-with-300-or-more-goals-in-top-flight-domestic-league-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13147/players-with-400-or-more-goals-in-all-club-competitions-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals in all club competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2021-08-18T13:02:15.373" LastActivityDate="2023-06-05T08:54:28.173" Title="Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in all competitions (European clubs)" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13737" CreationDate="2016-02-22T10:52:22.463" Score="1" ViewCount="7654" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the players that has more than 300 goals in top flight domestic league, combined for all the teams that they have played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13120/players-with-300-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-top-flight-domestic-league&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13145/players-with-400-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-all-competitions-european-c&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals for a single team in all competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13147/players-with-400-or-more-goals-in-all-club-competitions-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals in all club competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2023-05-28T20:51:33.187" Title="Players with 300 or more goals in top flight domestic league (European clubs)" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13832" CreationDate="2016-02-22T10:57:56.693" Score="5" ViewCount="5128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the players that has more than 400 goals in all club competitions, combined for all the teams that they have played. Excluding friendly matches and counting only domestic cups, the domestic top-flight league and official international club games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13120/players-with-300-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-top-flight-domestic-league&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals for a single team in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13145/players-with-300-or-more-goals-for-a-single-team-in-all-competitions-european-c&quot;&gt;Players with 400 or more goals for a single team in all competitions (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13146/players-with-300-or-more-goals-in-top-flight-domestic-league-european-clubs&quot;&gt;Players with 300 or more goals in top flight domestic league (European clubs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2023-02-27T12:47:23.023" Title="Players with 400 or more goals in all club competitions (European clubs)" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13135" CreationDate="2016-02-22T13:38:00.373" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they can, and this happens rather often to young talents who are eligible for more than one national team. Until the player shows up at the senior team, he can still change his mind and play for another national side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in order to &quot;snatch&quot; a rising star, a national team manager might call him up on the senior squad typically for a friendly match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T13:38:00.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13161" CreationDate="2016-02-22T13:41:54.657" Score="6" ViewCount="5595" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7478/american-football-yards-after-contact-stats&quot;&gt;recent question&lt;/a&gt; made me think of this peculiarity (in my eyes at least) of american football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get the logic behind crediting a TD to both the receiver and the QB. But the QB gets credited for the yards a receiver takes after completing a pass, but he's hardly responsible for the athletic ability and tenacity of the receiver rather than the QB. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any rationale behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2020-06-19T06:41:09.073" Title="Why is the QB passing yards count for the distance the receiver runs after completing the pass?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13149" CreationDate="2016-02-22T15:45:38.033" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with many common sports statistics, there is some &quot;arbitrary-ness&quot; to how certain things are defined and many stats are simply kept around by convention because they keep things simple and are easily understood by fans.  In American football it's incredibly simplistic to just split every yard gained into either rushing or passing--and quarterbacks get credit for how well the passing game goes.  For fans with a more nuanced view of how things work, it's up to them to determine how useful the stat is and make their own conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should a running back not be given as much credit when he is going against a horrible defense?  Maybe not, but the standard statistic of rushing yards is still kept for comprehensiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A better analogy for the quarterback/passing yards situation might be the statistic of assists, whether in basketball, hockey, soccer, or other places: the player gets credit for an assist based partially on how their teammates perform.  The assist stat for a great passer in hockey can fluctuate based on many things.  However, the fact that a great passer should get some credit for creating offense is somewhat synonymous to how a quarterback sometimes creates yards after the catch with their own good play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider two quarterbacks who complete the same number of passes over the same number of yards (with yards after catch taken removed).  One of the two may be able to use skill to lead his team to more yards after the catch and thus more passing yards.  This can be accomplished by finding the right receiver who is &quot;more open&quot; when he could otherwise have thrown to another open receiver, or by properly leading the receiver (i.e, the receiver doesn't have to jump, dive, or stop to catch the ball), or by having exceptional timing to spring the big play, or by using strategies or methods that can confuse the defense and help the receiver have a more open running lane after completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not to say that every quarterback &lt;em&gt;deserves&lt;/em&gt; every passing yard that they are given credit for.  I mean, some QB's end up with many more yards simply because their team passes so often compared to other teams.  But they can and do have at least some impact on the yards gained after reception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T15:45:38.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13152" CreationDate="2016-02-23T12:41:10.140" Score="3" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this situation in a local cricket match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fielder drops bails of the wicket mistakenly before he has received the ball in hand.After that he touches the ball to the wicket.Umpire gives out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal?Shouldn't he have fixed the bails again before making the batsman out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10868" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-02-23T14:21:19.377" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T14:21:19.377" Title="Is this run out legal?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13151" CreationDate="2016-02-23T13:33:11.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot;&gt;Law 38&lt;/a&gt; covers run out. However, in this case it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down/&quot;&gt;Law 28 - Wicket down&lt;/a&gt; that is the relevant one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case above, Law 28 section 1, clause V covers it - if both bails are dislodged, the fielder can effect a runout by either replacing a bail (as you suggest, although only 1 bail is required) OR by removing a stump from the ground &lt;strong&gt;with the ball in the same hand as the stump&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The old fable of taking out a stump and touching the ball to it while held over the head is simply that, a fable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your question, I think the umpire erred in giving the runout, unless bails had been dispensed with - see section 4 of law 28.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T13:33:11.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12828" CreationDate="2016-02-23T15:10:36.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually the pipe attack is back court attack position 6 (middle back). In most teams this attack is done by the Outside hitter while at the back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look up pipe attack on youtube you will see great examples mostly done by outside players (while in the back row of course) such as Dante, NGapeth, Sanders etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said anyone  (except the libero who is not allowed to hit a ball fully over the net) could do a back row middle attack, however this befall most traditionally to the outside player in the back row at the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few more details on the &quot;tradition&quot; for the outside player to hit pipe. At the time in the back will be an opposite who will traditionally defend and hit (or a setter who will defend) from the right side, and a libero who will defend on the left side. Traditionally the outside player will defend and hit (the pipe) from the remaining back court position, in the middle. There are variation, but this is a traditional way to do things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10871" LastEditorUserId="10871" LastEditDate="2016-05-12T08:07:20.007" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T08:07:20.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13156" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-23T18:58:22.953" Score="3" ViewCount="3024" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not too long ago, a cricketer died as the ball hit him in the neck.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how come there isn't anything between the stands and the sportsmen in cricket, a net or something similar? When somebody hits a 6, it usually lands right in the middle of the crowd. Why doesn't it hit people? Why are the accidents so rare? Are people really just that aware of where the ball is at any given moment? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10874" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T14:35:01.483" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T14:35:01.483" Title="What if the ball hits somebody in the head in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13156" CreationDate="2016-02-23T20:13:55.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;People in the stands do occasionally get hit by the ball - as they do in soccer, baseball and any number of other sports. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accidents are rare because it's a big hit to land a ball into the stands, although it's by no means unusual. When it happens it's a big deal, and so yes, people are more aware of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cricketer who died was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Hughes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Phillip Hughes&lt;/a&gt; - he was hit by a bouncer bowled at him, not by a ball hit at him by a batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T20:13:55.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12894" CreationDate="2016-02-23T20:15:46.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On its way to the front wall's legal zone (Area between top most line and the tin area), The ball must not bounce off floor once hit by your racquet.&#xA;However, enroute to the front wall it is allowed to &quot;bounce off&quot; the other three walls. Similarly, once it hits the front wall, it is allowed to &quot;bounce off&quot; the other 3 walls an infinite number of times - unlikely- however may only bounce on the floor once at most (or hit on the volley before it even bounces off floor) before the other player hits the return shot. Again this return shot is not allowed to bounce on the floor enroute to the front wall - however, it may bounce off any number of the other three walls on its way to the front wall. HTH...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10876" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T20:15:46.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13149" CreationDate="2016-02-23T21:45:36.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Largely, because of how sports statistics were created.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a long time, statistics tended to be results oriented.  Football statistics came from play by play, which went something like (below is my approximation, not actual PBP):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SF 20, 1st and 10: Incomplete Pass to 84 Rice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SF 20, 2nd and 10: Pass to 84 Rice 18 yards to SF 38&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SF 38, 1st and 10: Craig, 5 yards to SF 43&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etc.; it gave basic information, but not the detailed information you have now.  You can see an example of this on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198901220cin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro-Football-Reference's PBP of the 1989 Superbowl&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, you can't separate things like run-after-catch and things like that from the total play; you simply get a single number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the advent of advanced statistics, you get interest in having that additional detail - as you say, passing yards with little run after catch are very different from ones with more run after catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the interest of keeping things comparable from one era to the other, &amp;quot;old&amp;quot; stats will tend to stay the same: QB Passing Yards will still be total yards, for example. But instead, you have new statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.advancedfootballanalytics.com/2013/10/introducing-anya-differential.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ANY/A&lt;/a&gt;: Adjusted net yards per attempt.  This doesn't remove YAC, but does adjust passing yards in various ways (penalizing for INTs, bonus for TDs, penalize for attempts and sacks).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballoutsiders.com/info/methods#dyar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DYAR&lt;/a&gt;: Football Outsiders has two statistics, this one being closer to passing yards.  DYAR does not take YAC into account, but takes into account things like position on field and yards to go, and makes defense adjustments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballperspective.com/espns-total-qbr-updated-for-2015/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;QBR&lt;/a&gt;: ESPN came out with QBR, which is the only major stat I've seen that does adjust QBs down for YAC yards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advanced statistics often try to strike a balance between simplicity and descriptive power, which is likely why ANY/A doesn't include YAC adjustments.  Additionally, any statistic that is not determinable from play by play will not be possible to get for older games, and may be difficult to get for games before it was created; Football Outsiders' Game Charting Project for example requires multiple volunteers watching game footage of every game ever played, have been for several years now, and are only to about 1989 currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T21:45:36.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-24T01:58:11.443" Score="3" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ran into the following quiz question the other day, but I wasn't sure about the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Name the footballer who has played in 5 countries, winning the European cup, and has also managed in 5 countries, only winning a league title in Scotland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name that came to mind was Graeme Souness, but I'm not sure if this is correct.  Does he fit this description?  Is there anyone else who would fit it better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10879" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T09:57:05.177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T09:57:09.690" Title="Is Graeme Souness the one who played and managed in 5 countries, winning European Cup as a player and Scottish Premier DIvision as a manager?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4446" CreationDate="2016-02-24T08:23:18.700" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A high arm bowling action is better than a round arm bowling action as you get more bounce and swing.just choose an action which doesn't break your momentum which you gain by run up.make your shoulders broad and strong. Hit the ball on to the pitch with power.make use of your wrist to generate more pace.LIKE YOU CAN SEE SHOIAB AKHTAR HE GENERATES EXTRA PACE WITH HIS WRIST.JUST PRACTICE AND WORK HARD.BEST OF LUCK. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10882" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T08:23:18.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13167" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13168" CreationDate="2016-02-24T16:23:02.220" Score="4" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite often, a fielder near the boundary dives to try to stop the ball, and in the process pushes the boundary rope further away. I have never seen the boundary rope being restored to its original position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will put the batting side at a disadvantage. If the batsman plays another shot to the same place, the ball has to cover longer distance. Nowadays, it is also a common sight for a fielder to take spectacular catches close to the boundary, so that little push to the boundary rope can make a drastic difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody seems to care about this issue, even the commentators don't consider it worth mentioning. What is the reason for ignoring this issue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T07:10:41.613" Title="Why isn't the boundary restored after a fielder pushes it out?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13167" CreationDate="2016-02-24T17:16:54.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the boundary is restored every time it has been displaced by a fielder (or any other agent). You never see it happening because the broadcasting companies never end up showing it. This is largely due to the fact that there is always something more interesting to show than the replacing of the boundary ropes. As you rightly mentioned, even a few centimetres seems to make quite a difference in cricket today, and hence the restoring of the boundary rope to its original position is very important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next time you go to a stadium to watch a cricket match, observe the boundary rope after it has been displaced (for whatever reason). You will notice someone (ball boy/ substitute player/ stadium official) will restore the boundary rope to its original position. (NOTE: This might cause you to miss out on some cricketing action happening around the pitch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T07:10:41.613" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T07:10:41.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13178" CreationDate="2016-02-24T21:27:53.133" Score="4" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine for clarity), &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sumo (相撲 sumō?) is ... where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force another wrestler ... into &lt;em&gt;touching the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet&lt;/em&gt; (hereafter referred to as &quot;touch/touches/touching the ground&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching footage of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/e6WwEFXrHeo?t=70&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;takedown&lt;/a&gt; in which the one giving the takedown nearly touches the ground  before his opponent (and was quite amazed he didn't touch the ground). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Can a sumo wrestler touch the ground before his opponent in the act of forcing him to the ground?&lt;/strong&gt; Would this be forcing himself into touching the ground, and thus allowable, or unallowable due to touching the ground in any way? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T20:12:35.320" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T20:12:35.320" Title="Can a sumo wrestler touch the ground before his opponent in the act of forcing him to the ground?" Tags="|rules|sumo-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13170" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13171" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" Score="0" Body="Questions about sumo wrestling." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T21:30:13.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13169" CreationDate="2016-02-25T14:39:35.623" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While unlikely, the concept you describe is one with legitimate use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A wrestler who touches the ground first may still be declared victor if it is clear that the opponent had no chance themselves of winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a wrestler driving his opponent onto the ground backwards may extend a hand to prevent injury to either wrestler. Even though the hand touches first, they were sure to win otherwise, and so they are declared victor instead. There is apparently record of this happening several decades ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T14:39:35.623" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13183" CreationDate="2016-02-26T01:45:53.543" Score="5" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand it. The Asia Cup tournament has been played as a 50 over tournament for a long time, but has suddenly been changed to 20 over format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10897" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T08:17:33.543" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T04:52:14.367" Title="Why was the Asia Cup format changed from 50-over to Twenty20?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13181" CreationDate="2016-02-26T03:36:25.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone knew the format not changed suddenly.It changed for a quite a good reason. However, down to its timing and proximity to the World T20. Since it is scheduled to end a few days before that major event, it was felt to be convenient for every team to use it as a warm-up tournament. The conditions in Fatullah and Mirpur would be similar to what most of these teams would face in India during the World T20, and in any case most of these teams don't really play a lot of T20 internationals in Indian soil recently, so this would be a proper exercise to gear up ahead of a major tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion people love to watch T20 these days anyhow and everyone wants one of the Asian team should be in the final T20 to spice up the game. So just  sit back and enjoy the new format of cricket and support your nation ahead of T20 WC...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10898" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T06:05:25.743" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T06:05:25.743" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13184" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-26T05:50:04.297" Score="4" ViewCount="5028" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play pop warner football, and I want to get an iridium visor, am I allowed to wear it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that in some leagues tinted visors are not allowed but are what about in pop warner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10899" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T13:28:52.313" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T10:45:05.027" Title="Is using a visor allowed in pop warner football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12133" CreationDate="2016-02-26T06:36:09.347" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;dropping dimes&quot; in basketball refers to an &quot;assist&quot;. A player does a lot of hard work, drawing multiple defenders to himself/herself, then passes the ball unselfishly to a teammate for an easy score. The passer is credited with an &quot;assist&quot; for this effort. The term in question seemed to have originated by persons &quot;dropping dimes&quot; to homeless persons to make a phone call if needed, as pay phones at the time cost 10 cents. Sadly, this form of charity was often done in a derogatory fashion as 911 calls are free. In a lame attempt to be &quot;cool&quot; and creating useless slang, somebody started to refer to high quality &quot;assists&quot; in basketball as &quot;dropping&quot; teammates &quot;dimes&quot;, or high quality passes to them leading to easy scores. A more noble basketball charity of sort. &quot;Raining dimes&quot; are players that amass a lot of assists in a single game, often done very creatively and unselfishly. A &quot;great pass&quot;, or a more creative &quot;no-look pass&quot;, which leads to an easy score for a teammate is scored as an assist, but those terms apparently are not &quot;cool&quot; enough, so &quot;dropping dimes&quot; was born, sadly. I hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10900" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T06:36:09.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13181" CreationDate="2016-02-26T07:16:49.957" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Joe's answer is correct, the Asia Cup will not permanently be a T20 tournament. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Asia_Cup#Background&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; tells us that the recently revived Asia Cup tournament will be played on rotation basis in One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) format based on respective next world events under the ICC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T07:16:49.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13156" CreationDate="2016-02-26T13:18:01.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously accidents happens some times in cricket not only the players. it happens to the audience too.i did a bit of search.take a look at the following links&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2-yA-G5Wjo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2-yA-G5Wjo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcIVdGP17Qo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcIVdGP17Qo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gVQfvJlMnM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gVQfvJlMnM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and sometime it happens to the on field umpires too..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/other/content/story/805703.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/other/content/story/805703.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is a list of notable cricket players who died while playing a game, died directly from injuries sustained while playing, or died after being taken ill on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fl6XI.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fl6XI.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Always be aware of the ball if your in the ground...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10898" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T13:18:01.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12718" CreationDate="2016-02-26T13:55:01.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Test matches are the highest level of cricket although, statistically, their data forms part of first-class cricket. Matches are played between national representative teams with &quot;Test status&quot;, as determined by the International Cricket Council. As of December 2014, ten national teams have Test status, the most recently promoted being Bangladesh in 2000. Zimbabwe's Test status was voluntarily suspended, because of poor performances between 2006 and 2011; it returned to competition in August 2011.[9 countries]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In January 2014, during the historic ICC meeting in Dubai, the pathway for new potential test nations was laid out with the winners of the next round of the ICC Intercontinental Cup playing a 5-day match against the bottom rank test nation. If the Associate team defeats the test nation, then they could be added as the new test country and be given full membership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ireland playing cricket since 1993 including 3 World cup appearance but still they have no official test status.In 2009, Ireland stated its intention to apply for Full Membership of the ICC with the aim of achieving Test status,[11th country] and restated its intention in 2012, but the 2012 plan aims to achieve Test status by 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting test status loyalty to any bottom rank cricket nations is like winning a  Jackpot. But there cricket board should involve more international cricket and they prove there winning strategy to ICC to get a Test status and also its a pains takingly long process for lower ranking nations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the ICC announced the introduction of the ICC Test Challenge, which will see the holder of the Intercontinental Cup play a pair of two five-day match series against the lowest ranked test-playing nation every four years, starting in 2018&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10898" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T13:55:01.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13192" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13222" CreationDate="2016-02-26T22:05:50.277" Score="6" ViewCount="6241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/mma/mcgregor-not-on-steroids-%E2%80%A6-just-an-animal/ar-BBpX4Tc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;(1)&lt;/sub&gt; and after watching &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/2/24/11108632/ufc-196-conor-mcgregor-vs-nate-diaz-press-conference-video&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this press conference video&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;(2)&lt;/sub&gt; it's so hilarious all the trash that McGregor is talking; funny stuff, but this brings up my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the UFC rules regarding steroid usage, and when do fighters get tested? Can the public access these records and what are the consequences of someone testing positive?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;References&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/mma/mcgregor-not-on-steroids-%E2%80%A6-just-an-animal/ar-BBpX4Tc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;McGregor: 'Not on steroids … just an animal'&lt;/a&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/2/24/11108632/ufc-196-conor-mcgregor-vs-nate-diaz-press-conference-video&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UFC 196: McGregor vs. Diaz press conference video&lt;/a&gt;(2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10907" LastEditorUserId="10907" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T23:14:33.357" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T13:16:42.580" Title="What's the UFC rules regarding steroid usage?" Tags="|rules|doping|mma|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13196" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-27T21:04:29.977" Score="5" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder which world records have been broken by an athlete with a disability, put aside sports where non-disable athletes do not compete. For &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/12/paralympic-armless-archer-matt-stutzman-hits-long-distance-target-to-score-worl-409657&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;, the record &lt;em&gt;furthest accurate distance – men’s archery&lt;/em&gt; was broken by an athlete with a disability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T09:55:47.440" Title="What world records have been broken by an athlete with a disability?" Tags="|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5174" CreationDate="2016-02-28T00:28:06.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Give points based on relative position to the last place team, not the first place. Then players can score more only if more people play - the result is that those in contention for overall places will encourage people to come so they can try to catch up faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Give a multiplier for points based on consecutive weeks played. You might step it at every K weeks and have a maximum multiplier of X. There is also possibility of only reducing the multiplier by one step each missed week, or even just the count by one week each missed week, so that having one night off doesn't destroy the reward for otherwise being very committed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Build teams each week based on current ranking. Divide the ranks into e.g. four even grades. A team is randomly formed so that the grades of players add to five. Then a game is randomly formed so that the grades of players add to ten. That way teams are sure to be balanced, and it isn't just good players teaming up against everyone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to points from games, each set of four players each week votes for a bonus to the best attitude or fairest player in that group. This can be a single lump of points added afterwards, or B points added to their weekly score before the multiplier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-02-28T00:35:06.953" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T00:35:06.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12972" CreationDate="2016-02-28T11:53:58.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite simply, USA Hockey is the official governing organisation for amateur ice hockey in the USA.&#xA;They decide what rules and regulations apply to national competitions; they educate and give accreditation to officials; they select the national teams; they run the Hall of Fame; they are the representative of USA in the IIHF and of USA ice hockey in the IOC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are not the organisers or managers of the USA NHL, but they claim a close partnership, and if you intend to play professionally, it is likely that you will need to play well in the amateur competitions that they do have oversight responsibility for - something that would almost certainly require membership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot find any regulation governing membership of USA-origin NHL players in external organisations and therefore cannot say whether USAH membership is neutral, recommended or even mandatory. However I doubt it would be considered a negative factor and therefore would be neutral at worst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find a run-down of membership benefits in the PDF at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockey.com/page/show/837667-usa-hockey-membership-benefits&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.usahockey.com/page/show/837667-usa-hockey-membership-benefits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that one is insurance, and some USAH policies relate to persons in contact with youth. Presumably a team or club or league has added financial and legal risk if allowing non-USAH members to play, and therefore may also mandate that you be a member before you can officially play (that is, if USAH itself doesn't; I cannot find a reference either way on this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should ask the team, club or league secretary if such a mandate is in place and whether they recommend membership, or what the potential outcomes would be for e.g. injury liability, playing and administration fees, eligibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-02-28T11:59:38.283" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T11:59:38.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13184" CreationDate="2016-02-29T05:36:18.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they are allowed as long as they are clear.  One of the things that officials go through are safety classes.  Part of that is dealing with head/back/neck injuries.  If something happened a referee or medic would not take your helmet off.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore they would need to see your eyes clearly and be able to run basic tests.  Clear is perfectly fine.  If you were looking for clear with a slight color tint I would specifically ask the league president of your league - email him - but as a young athlete I would make sure it was purely clear so I didn't have an AWAY referee make me take it off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T05:36:18.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13211" CreationDate="2016-02-29T06:09:36.973" Score="8" ViewCount="1643" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this situation :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A short boundary behind the wicket and the pitch is having an extra(or abnormal) bounce. A fast bowler bowls a bouncer which flies over the keeper and lands outside the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will this be given as 6 runs ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was there any incident like this in the history of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T19:56:44.257" Title="Cricket ball bounced over keeper and landed outside the boundary line!" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-02-29T20:31:16.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13208" CreationDate="2016-02-29T06:18:41.897" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a highly exceptional case. There is no record of this having occurred in any professional cricket match. If a ground has such a short boundary behind the wicket, it cannot be used for professional cricket. If a pitch causes such abnormal bounce, it will be deemed dangerous and the match will be called off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Ben Whyall mentions, the ball needs to strike the bat for it to be given a 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-02-29T19:56:44.257" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T19:56:44.257" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13208" CreationDate="2016-02-29T09:02:46.400" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a highly unusual case but I have seen it happen in local recreational cricket from a bouncer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct decision for this is to award 4 byes.  Boundary 6 can only be scored from the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot;&gt;Law 19 5c&lt;/a&gt; ,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Boundary 6 will be scored if and only if the ball has been struck by&#xA;  the bat and pitches beyond the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-02-29T09:15:48.883" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T09:15:48.883" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13215" CreationDate="2016-03-01T02:17:09.387" Score="8" ViewCount="788" Body="&lt;p&gt;While checking out the site's policy on pro wrestling, I came across &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/q/206/10924&quot;&gt;a meta discussion&lt;/a&gt; on the topic. These days, the term &quot;professional wrestling&quot; is almost always associated with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_professional_wrestling_terms#W&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;worked&lt;/a&gt; sport, and that's primarily what the meta question discusses. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/a/225/10924&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; mentions the possibility of their still being competitive wrestling leagues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If there are legit leagues out there, then questions about those would be on-topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This got me wondering if any such thing exists. I am not aware of any &quot;major&quot; (regional or national) athletic organizations where people are paid money to compete in wrestling matches -- all forms of competitive wrestling are amateur (and none of them follow pro-wrestling-like catch rules). MMA comes close but those are a mix of wrestling, kickboxing, martial arts, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the history of pro wrestling is a bit murky, but I was under the impression that the &quot;sport&quot; had become almost entirely worked by the mid-1920s, and that any legitimate competitive leagues didn't survive very far past that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard rumors a few years ago that a group wanted to start up a legitimate catch-as-catch-can wrestling league, but I never heard anything beyond that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any groups out there that pay athletes to participate in wrestling matches (any style)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T15:50:12.837" LastActivityDate="2019-10-31T10:21:37.313" Title="Are there any legitimate (non-worked) professional wrestling leagues?" Tags="|wrestling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13214" CreationDate="2016-03-01T04:56:34.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prowrestlingleague.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PRO WRESTLING LEAGUE-INDIA&lt;/a&gt; would satisfy the question; from their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prowrestlingleague.com/about.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;about&lt;/a&gt; page&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;THE Pro Wrestling League is a big leap in the history of oldest combat&#xA;  sport. An initiative of ProSportify and Wrestling Federation of India,&#xA;  PWL is the richest wrestling event ever. The league in the inaugural&#xA;  year offers a prize purse of Rupees 15 crore including the total prize&#xA;  purse of Rs. 3 crore. PWL with 6 city-based franchisee teams will have&#xA;  a Pan-India reach. Each team will have 9 players – 5 Indians, 4&#xA;  foreign , 5 men, 4 women. In the inaugural year, PWL will feature a&#xA;  total of 18 ties – 15 in the league phase, 2 semi-finals and the Grand&#xA;  Finale. Each tie will be contested on the best of 7 bouts formats;&#xA;  interestingly all seven bouts will be contested in the League Phase.&#xA;  PWL guarantees a minimum of 150 bouts. The League will be played under&#xA;  the PWL Rules, conforming to the United World Wrestling and Wrestling&#xA;  Federation of India rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T22:50:30.163" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T22:50:30.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-01T11:18:15.770" Score="13" ViewCount="517" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City&quot;&gt;Vatican&lt;/a&gt; participate or ever participated in any international sports &lt;strong&gt;as a country&lt;/strong&gt; ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If participated I would like to know the details of some recent events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-02T03:54:13.317" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T03:54:13.317" Title="Does Vatican participate in any International sports?" Tags="|trivia|records|international-sports|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13217" CreationDate="2016-03-01T12:27:50.957" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Vatican City has both a national &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Cricket_Team&quot;&gt;cricket&lt;/a&gt; team. However, as neither are members of the appropriate international governing body (FIFA and the ICC respectively) they don't compete in any form of regular competition, but instead play friendlies against other teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T12:27:50.957" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13192" CreationDate="2016-03-01T19:46:29.740" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to keep my answer very short and just link here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/6/3/8724535/revamped-ufc-drug-policy-includes-random-year-round-testing-two-year&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/6/3/8724535/revamped-ufc-drug-policy-includes-random-year-round-testing-two-year&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary this is what it says:&#xA;Random testing,&#xA;Up to 2 years ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastEditorUserId="10836" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T21:36:35.200" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T21:36:35.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13192" CreationDate="2016-03-02T05:25:42.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) administers the UFC's drug testing policy.  They have a website at &lt;a href=&quot;http://ufc.usada.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ufc.usada.org&lt;/a&gt;, and on this website you can read the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ufc.usada.org/wp-content/uploads/UFC-anti-doping-policy-EN.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;21-page policy (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;, which took effect on July 1, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every UFC fighter is subject to unannounced, year-round drug testing by the USADA.  The sanctions for testing positive is dependent on the substance found.  For performance-enhancing drugs such as steroids, growth hormones, blood doping, etc., the ban is 2 years for the first offense.  For other drugs, such as marijuana or cocaine, the ban is 1 year for the first offense.  For subsequent offenses, the length of the ban doubles.  Two years can be added to the ban for &quot;aggravating circumstances,&quot; which are defined in the policy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see which athletes have been tested and how many times on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ufc.usada.org/testing/results/athlete-test-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Athlete Test History&lt;/a&gt; page of the website.  So far this year, 240 athletes have been tested 335 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-02T13:16:42.580" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T13:16:42.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13231" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-03T13:05:20.210" Score="10" ViewCount="1604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching tennis on TV, it often happens that the commentator talks about the importance of the 7th game of the set; the player who wins that game has more probability to win the set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This theory seems to be outdated nowadays, but I was interested in the origin of this theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-03T13:51:22.873" LastActivityDate="2023-12-21T21:09:06.220" Title="How was the legend of 7th game in tennis born?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13232" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-03T19:45:51.753" Score="8" ViewCount="5062" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every major free agent signing ( at least in Baseball ) generates an enormous media buzz, and all details are completely available to whoever reads the paper.  Why are the salaries of professional athletes &lt;strong&gt;SOOOO&lt;/strong&gt; public?     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this allowed in all careers, and we just don't care about most?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even so, it still seems that athletes are subject to a ridiculous level of scrutiny.  This isn't some new thing either - there are even quizzes you can take about the highest paid baseball players ( here is one of many ) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sporcle.com/games/Scizzy/high_paid&quot;&gt;on Sporcle&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I missing something?  This seems grossly unfair to professional athletes, who are subject to mockery and judgement from the media, fans, etc. if they are not performing consistant with their contract.  In this era that we live in, this appears to be a disregard for privacy so flagrant that I'd expect to hear more about it.  But I've never heard anyone complain about it other than the occasional groans by the players ( groans that are summarily mocked and dismissed by the media ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know why this is and how it started?  Additionaly, has anyone ever seriously spoken against it ( e.g. proposed legislature, lawsuits, etc. )?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T08:18:10.673" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T08:18:10.673" Title="Why are the salaries of professional athletes so public?" Tags="|baseball|finances|media|labor-relations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13232" CreationDate="2016-03-03T20:00:56.333" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of reasons why professional baseball players' salaries are public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball employs a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_tax_%28sports%29&quot;&gt;luxury tax&lt;/a&gt; rule that penalizes teams when the salaries are too high.  The salaries need to be made public in order for this system to work.  Other sports have salary cap rules which also require public knowledge of the athletes' salaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional sports are entertainment, and part of the fun in sports is the fans scrutinizing decisions made by the team management.  Giving the fans knowledge about the salary implications of various signing decisions helps fans understand the reasons why certain decisions are made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mention that you think it is unfair for the athletes to have their performance be compared to the size of their contract.  But indirectly, the athletes work for the fans.  Being a professional athlete is a public job, and taking criticism is part of that job.  When it comes to their job, including their salary, they are not entitled to privacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletes are not alone in having their salaries made public.  In fact, the salaries for most public figures, including movie stars, politicians, government employees, and corporate management, are public knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-03T20:31:50.120" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T20:31:50.120" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12927" CreationDate="2016-03-03T21:59:51.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my past experiences in tennis, &lt;strong&gt;closed stance&lt;/strong&gt; is more often used when you aren't necessarily running for the ball, but it is well within your reach. You often see this used when a player first hits a good ball, and then gets an easier ball back because his opponent had more trouble doing so. The player gets more time for the ball and can use his &lt;strong&gt;closed stance&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The benefits of the closed stance are that you tend to get more power and control from the shot and if you can, always try to utilize it when you have a chance. It's unlikely that you will ever see a player set up well for a ball with his &lt;strong&gt;feet&lt;/strong&gt;, then decide to use a &lt;strong&gt;open stance&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for my previous point is that an &lt;strong&gt;open stance&lt;/strong&gt; is more often used when you are hitting a &quot;hard to reach&quot; ball. It's very useful because this still allows you to still generate power while being on the run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that I have considerably less control in &lt;strong&gt;many&lt;/strong&gt; cases when using this stance. My shots tend to be a bit more erratic and will oftentimes create great results or some very counterproductive ones. But for me, it usually is easier when trying to hit less common shots like angled shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, both stances are used interchangeably but can either magnify or offset the outcome of the shot. I have laid out the advantages and disadvantages to you, but in the end, it's very &lt;strong&gt;subjective&lt;/strong&gt; and can only really be practiced by you. Small things like this can really have an impact on your overall tennis, so choose wisely!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10944" LastEditorUserId="10944" LastEditDate="2016-03-08T16:31:42.100" LastActivityDate="2016-03-08T16:31:42.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13235" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-04T01:07:46.270" Score="7" ViewCount="2089" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a referee, &lt;strong&gt;How do you differentiate good sets from bad sets?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginner volleyball ref. One of my main challenges is identifying double hits. I scanned the USAV rules and didn't see anything obvious about what is and isn't legal. I understand that a set must be &quot;clean&quot; and you must touch it with all the fingers simultaneously. I think the set happens so fast that I am not sure I'm actually seeing one finger/hand touch it any sooner or later than the other fingers or hand. In reality, I don't see how a human can touch a ball legally given the definitions I've heard of how to set a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10945" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T16:02:43.300" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T13:26:33.017" Title="How do you differentiate good sets from bad sets?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13236" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-04T02:15:29.283" Score="15" ViewCount="582" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, professional wrestling was initially a legitimate sport. Up until around 1920, the matches were mostly competitive (though there was a healthy dose of match fixing even then.) These matches were being promoted and sanctioned by some independent sporting organization (I know there were athletic clubs in New York, LA, and Boston for example), as well as national groups like the National Boxing  Association and it's spin-off National Wrestling Association. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By 1938 and the formation of the National Wrestling Alliance, the sport has become entirely worked (barring the occasional unplanned double-cross), with outcomes and title changes being predetermined and key parts of matches scripted ahead of time. These matches were promoted by privately owned regional wrestling promotions (under what was called the territory system.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm not really clear on is how that transition happened. When did it begin, and how did the promoters in the athletics organizations convince the wrestlers -- and each other -- to go along with the staged matches? Did this transition happen all at once, or was there a long stretch of time where some titles were being contended legitimately, while others were entirely predetermined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T07:49:08.670" Title="When/how did US professional wrestling transition from being competitive to being worked?" Tags="|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13235" CreationDate="2016-03-04T13:17:40.900" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Welcome to the &quot;Art of Refereeing&quot;! I think the best answer to this is from the foreward to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/RulesOfTheGame_VB.asp&quot;&gt;FIVB rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (page 10):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a fulfilling&#xA;  experience for all concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double touches and carries are always going to be judgement calls on the part of the referee, and how you make those calls should depend on the skill level of the participants. If you're refereeing a beginners' league, then you should allow more leeway when judging a double touch or a carry than you should if you're refereeing the Olympic final - if you used the Olympic standard in a beginners' tournament, you'd probably end up calling a fault on every single set and that isn't going to produce a fulfilling experience for the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question this obviously leaves is how do you know how strictly to call faults in any particular competition - the answer to that is probably to watch some matches in the competition and see how plays are called, and then set your standard to match that - as that's what the players in the competition will expect. Of course, if the organising committee for the competition has given guidance to be more or less strict on a particular point, then follow that as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T13:17:40.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13240" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-04T19:41:42.860" Score="7" ViewCount="1412" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked this up everywhere and cannot find a good answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ice skating, they teach us to fall to the side or on our bottoms to prevent injury. However, what do you do when you're about to fall forward? e.g. tripping over your ice pick for figure skaters. My instinct would be to extend my arms to break the fall. This will likely hurt my wrists, if not fracture it. Is there a proper technique?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10949" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T20:13:03.643" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T11:46:11.940" Title="How to properly fall FORWARD while ice skating and prevent wrist fractures?" Tags="|technique|injuries|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13240" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:56:10.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will almost always have a slight rotation one direction or the other, and even if you don't, you can use whichever foot has best contact with the ice to start a twist as you fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then rotate your shoulders, wrapping your arms in to speed the spin as needed, so you can take the fall sideways, rolling rather than impacting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:56:10.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2016-03-05T14:20:44.397" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shooting&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height_in_sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;: in shooting sports, a shorter shooter can maintain better balance when standing for long periods of time holding a gun, as well as keep their gun steady.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RLyRs.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RLyRs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;shooting&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T14:20:44.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1857" CreationDate="2016-03-06T04:13:56.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes in most professional sports a player can come out of retirement.  They would need picked up by a team and signed to a contract.  But there are many examples of players coming back Michael Jordan did it twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10957" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:13:56.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3704" CreationDate="2016-03-06T04:22:30.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all situational in most cases teams rest their best players.  Las Vegas tends to favor the team that has not clinched the playoff position with a lower spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10957" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:22:30.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12683" CreationDate="2016-03-06T04:57:34.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitches add up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on other factors, you can greatly reduce the likelihood of a future arm injury if you throw more than 110 pitches in a game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each pitch a pitcher throws puts an enormous amount of stress on their body and thus there are limits to the amount that a human can throw on a given day at max effort without increasing their risk of injury substantially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a team like the Mets determines the number of pitches a pitcher can throw in a game, they are looking at a number of factors in consultation with trainers and medical professionals. They are looking at medical history, body type, and the players history. If a player is slight or has a lengthy injury history, they will be much more conservative with the number of pitches they allow him to throw in a game because throwing more puts you at greater injury risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as what it takes to add additional pitches to your endurance, getting into better shape might help, but most likely going through seasons injury free may allow you to increase your future load.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are numerous other factors that may change the number of pitches a pitcher is allowed to throw as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Types of situations a pitcher finds themselves in during the game. If a pitcher is &quot;cruising&quot; and does not throw a lot of pitches with base runners on base, they may be allowed more pitches because they may not be throwing max effort pitches because they don't have to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innings history. Young pitchers often have never had to pitch the 200+ innings a typical major league starter is asked to throw. Add to this that huge innings jumps season to season are tied to increased injury risk, and you often see young pitchers on innings limits early in their career. On a team with playoff aspirations(like the Mets), this can manifest itself via low pitch counts in early games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ineffectiveness late in games. It's well established that most pitchers are less effective their third time through a batting order and even less effective their fourth time through. Thus it's becoming more common for teams to pull starters after they've faced just 18 hitters (around 5-6 innings). This can lead to lower pitch counts and lower innings totals over the course of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while the Mets (or reporters covering the Mets) may be using pitch count as a test, it's not the only one. However, if they are applying it, there are reasons they'd be doing so. The Mets young rotation is a significant asset to their team. It took them to the World Series last year and most of their young hurlers have three things that make them incredibly valuable: age (they're all quite young), talent (they're all quite good), and team control (they're all under contract for the next several years). Because they are such significant assets, it makes a great deal of sense for the Mets to take care of them in the most effective way possible. If they think that's by only allowing some of them to throw 80 pitches a game, then that's what they'll do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T04:57:34.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2016-03-06T14:30:49.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The (free) online app called &lt;a href=&quot;https://tapiriik.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tapiriik&lt;/a&gt; provides a great way to sync between many applications. Including endomondo, strave, runkeeper, dropbox, garmin, ride with gps, motivato, and many others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3645" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T14:30:49.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9206" CreationDate="2016-03-06T15:50:54.697" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering the two possibilities :&#xA;If the batsman is standing well inside the crease.Then there is no way possible for the ball to have passed the batsman above waist height and suddenly defy the laws of physics and trajectory, and decrease height mid air in such a short distance and hit the stumps.(Well, even if the ball does go on to hit the stumps by some sort of magic or an extra terrestrial intervention, it is out ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.If the batsman is standing outside the crease.&#xA;Now it is possible for the ball to go on to hit the stumps even if  the ball had passed the batsman above waist height.&#xA;In this case the result is OUT even though the ball was above waist height when it passed the batsman, because it is considered to be the batsman's fault/choice that he was outside the crease (otherwise it wouldn't have been above his waist had he been inside the crease, or would not have hit the stumps at all as i explained above in the first scenario)&#xA;The umpire made a mistake??????&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10960" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T15:50:54.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2016-03-07T22:50:56.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had the same issue until I got my blades sharpened for the first time.  After I got them sharpened, it took a little time to get use to cause I was used to the skates digging in. Now they were gliding on the ice.  By the time I left that day, I was stopping on both sides with no problems.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I watched some tutorials about stopping and they were easily gliding theirs skates across the ice.  I mean the people in the videos and also people I watched at the rink were barely moving and still shaving ice.  I told a staff member about my troubles and he said it could be your blades.  He recommended to me to let them sharpen them.  That was definitely the problem.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10974" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T22:50:56.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16185" CreationDate="2016-03-08T14:28:28.700" Score="16" ViewCount="3143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most organized sports award some kind of recognition to the top athlete or team within the sport over some time period. The form these awards take varies from sport to sport. Amateur sports tend to use medals (like those awarded at the Olympics); professional sports often award trophies, but I've also seen individual rings and other similar items.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the professional &quot;combat&quot; sports, i.e. boxing, MMA, and wrestling, have always recognized their title holders with a belt: a strap that can be worn around the waist, but which contains an over-sized and highly decorative &quot;buckle&quot; on the front. This form of award is so common that &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; using it always appears to be a cheap gimmick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any historical reason why belts are so universal in such sports, but relatively rare elsewhere? I can only find one case where a non-combat sport used a belt -- a single NASCAR race in Vegas awards a belt instead of a trophy, but even that appears to be a gimmick based on the fact that Vegas is famous for boxing, which awards belts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-08T14:29:58.237" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T18:15:09.860" Title="Why do all &quot;combat&quot; sports always award championship belts (vs. other physical objects)?" Tags="|awards|boxing|pro-wrestling|mma|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-03-09T17:21:38.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rugby union is now played at the national and international level on grass and also 3G artificial pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2016-03-09T17:30:11.920" LastActivityDate="2016-03-09T17:30:11.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12926" CreationDate="2016-03-10T09:32:54.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SQUASH&lt;/strong&gt; is an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there are several playing surfaces:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wood&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;concrete&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plaster&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rubber panel(rare)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;glass(rare)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://asbsquash.com/faq/squash-court-construction/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T09:32:54.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12770" CreationDate="2016-03-10T13:03:37.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible, but not recommended to change the attacks on cross-country skis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The holes of sns attacks (&quot;Salomon&quot;) are in a different position from the attacks nnn (&quot;Rottefella&quot;), then you should first fill the holes with cylindrical woods plugs (watch out the dimensions) and glue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the ski is like the original situation you can mount new bindings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For epoxy resin now there are solutions to be used even without solvent, only after it is mounted leave it to dry for a long time in hot, dry conditions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously if you can go to a professional you have more possibility to get a well done job&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T13:03:37.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5395" CreationDate="2016-03-10T20:28:37.090" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just tried roughly calculating it with a video of a championship and I estimate the speed at 3 m/s but the video is a bit shaky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10985" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T20:28:37.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13271" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-11T03:23:39.770" Score="5" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I have a young child that has been playing school tennis for a couple of years and he/she is interested in entering a tournament, how do I go about determining what skill level they are? I have no idea what the rankings mean and I can't find it on the USTA site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10986" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T08:17:07.857" LastActivityDate="2016-04-01T13:15:03.337" Title="How do you determine what skill level a child is?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13271" CreationDate="2016-03-11T04:29:33.640" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you think you know what level she is, sign her up for a tournament of that ranking and see how it goes. Or you can meet some usta players and play with them and see how she does.  If she has a usta coach or trainer, they will know what level she is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10987" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T04:29:33.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3129" CreationDate="2016-03-11T04:35:35.643" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The triangle that the Bulls and Lakers ran was very specific to their skill sets. That's why Phil was always picky when choosing a team to coach. Point guard should be a defensive minded and a three point shooter. The wings need to be long and can go one on one. Then you need bigs. 7 footers are very important.  It also helped to have 4 hall of famers on those two teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10987" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T04:35:35.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10665" CreationDate="2016-03-11T08:03:57.360" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Heat and oil and then lots of practice! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10987" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T08:03:57.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13276" CreationDate="2016-03-11T08:32:36.433" Score="10" ViewCount="2908" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a batsman's shoelaces come undone, he usually asks a fielder (or umpire) to tie them. Why do they do that instead of doing it by themselves? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would imagine it doesn't save any time. In fact, it would likely take &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; time unless the fielder is standing in a close-in position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T12:51:02.670" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T12:51:02.670" Title="Why do batsmen usually ask a fielder to tie their shoelaces?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13275" CreationDate="2016-03-11T08:41:30.313" Score="14" Body="&lt;h2&gt;It's just a matter of convenience.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsman has to tie his own shoelaces, he has to remove his gloves, and also look around his pads. Try wearing pads, kneeling down, and tying your shoelaces. You'll see the pads do seem to get in the way. Also, it's not like the batsman walks very far to ask a fielder/umpire to do this. He only asks the nearest person to him (who can tie his laces without much bother) to help him out, be it a fielder or an umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But its &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; that a batsman &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; tie his own laces. I have seen plenty of cases where the batsman does it himself (like you mentioned, usually when there is nobody nearby to help). He just asks a fielder/umpire because it is less of a hassle and usually, fielders/umpires are glad to help out. Cricket is said to be the &quot;gentleman's game&quot; after all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T08:41:30.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13277" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13278" CreationDate="2016-03-11T11:35:02.063" Score="6" ViewCount="833" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across a video of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_ball&quot;&gt;Cycle-Ball&lt;/a&gt; match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon observing closely, the cycles used in the game are &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; different from normal cycles and/or the racing cycles used in Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest I've come to knowing about them is &lt;a href=&quot;http://cycleball.com/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, where it is specified that those cycles don't have brakes or freewheel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I want to know whether those are the only differences, or are there any more differences between them and the regular bicycles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T12:36:51.053" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T15:01:35.477" Title="How different are the Cycle-ball bikes from the normal bicycles?" Tags="|equipment|cycleball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13277" CreationDate="2016-03-11T12:26:42.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bikes used in cycleball are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-gear_bicycle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fixed-gear bikes&lt;/a&gt;. On most bikes, there is a flywheel that allows you to stop pedaling while you are moving and coast, but with a fixed-gear, the pedals are chained together with the rear wheel in such a way that the pedals always move whenever the rear wheel is moving. This is important in cycleball for a couple of reasons. First, unlike a conventional bike, it is possible to go backwards simply by pedaling backwards. Second, a fixed-gear allows the rider to hold the back wheel still by keeping the pedals still so he can balance the bike better while stopped, similar to what a unicyclist does. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the fixed-gear, there are a few other things that are unique to a cycleball bike:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The saddle is located above and behind the rear wheel axle, allowing the rider to take all the weight off the front wheel while he is &quot;kicking.&quot; Riders spend most of their time up on their legs, off the saddle, but usually briefly put their weight down on this rear saddle when kicking. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Up-turned handlebars allow the rider to pull back to raise the front wheel in the air.  They also give the rider greater control and more power to kick the ball with the front wheel. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brakes are not needed, because the bikes usually aren't moving very fast and the bikes can be slowed down by the fixed-gear pedals. Hand brakes would just get in the way and not be used. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see all of these in action on a video:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/wuObK2UIYF0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/wuObK2UIYF0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T15:01:35.477" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T15:01:35.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13279" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13280" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" Score="0" Body="Questions about cycleball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T13:36:00.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13282" CreationDate="2016-03-11T15:59:58.463" Score="4" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen many shots like &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/-NSvbGxzpKk?t=143&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; one in real &quot;high quality&quot; football games. I'm wondering what benefits this shot does have in comparison with a &quot;normal&quot; shot like &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/cX-sIxavUjA?t=70&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;that&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt the reason is of the shot angle or the precision.  Furthermore, I consider this shot as &quot;less safe&quot; against fails, because of the unstable foot positioning. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/e64P98YFnAs?t=687&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fail example&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;Initially I was thinking the shooting foot remains the same, but i was wrong - but still I'm wondering if that's really the argument for that kind of shooting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt; I don't know if that technique has a particular &quot;name&quot;, e.g. like the &quot;elastico&quot; trick, therefore I don't know a better title for my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10757" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-08T23:06:31.480" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T08:37:02.600" Title="Why do lots of professional football players shoot with this awkward, tricky and &quot;unstable&quot; technique?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13281" CreationDate="2016-03-11T16:53:10.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idea is to make it difficult for the opponent to regain possession by confusing them. A normal shot makes the trajectory of the ball easily predictable, increasing the chances of losing possession. If the opponent doesn't know which way the player will kick the ball, it is hard for them to react to it quickly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are correct in saying that this shot is &quot;unstable&quot; as compared to the conventional shots. However, players do not play these shots on a whim, they practice these thoroughly before executing them in the real game. With thorough practice, they can make the shot less &quot;unstable&quot;. Obviously, that does not mean they can never fail, but with sufficient practice, they reduce the chances of that happening. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T16:53:10.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13281" CreationDate="2016-03-11T17:56:42.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First of all: because they can&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It might also just be the case of them not having enough trust in their weaker foot, and they just prefer to use their strongest foot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Show off and entertain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T17:56:42.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13271" CreationDate="2016-03-12T08:12:59.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on you referring to something as &quot;school tennis&quot; I'm guessing it's not any kind of USTA sanctioned junior tennis against other junior players that have USTA rankings - so my answer would be it depends on the child's age. If they are 10 or younger they are eligible to play quickstart tennis (smaller court, foam balls, etc.). If they're older, try and find a tennis facility that has teaching pro on staff that is familiar with the USTA players and tournaments in the region you live in and can direct you on how to find out the skill level the player is at the type of tournaments/competition they should be looking to play in. A site like this should be able to help in your search: &lt;a href=&quot;http://usptafindapro.com/default.aspx/MenuItemID/654/MenuGroup/Find-a-Pro.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://usptafindapro.com/default.aspx/MenuItemID/654/MenuGroup/Find-a-Pro.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T08:12:59.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13286" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-12T10:50:36.957" Score="3" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;When there is a standard length for cricket pitches,  why aren't there such standards for boundary sizes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2205" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T13:12:44.313" LastActivityDate="2016-03-19T12:10:55.307" Title="Setting standards on boundary length" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-12T15:03:45.477" Score="3" ViewCount="1817" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the ICC World T20 match played between Hong Kong and Scotland, the commentator Nick Knight&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; mentioned that a fielder within the 30 yards circle should throw the ball on the full (that is, without bouncing) when returning it towards the stumps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other commentator Sanjay Manjrekar immediately remarked that he doesn't agree with it. They did not discuss this point any further. I have never heard of any such rule, and couldn't find anything in the Laws or the Playing Conditions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there really any such rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; This was on the Star Sports coverage telecast in India. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-13T19:57:38.757" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T18:57:49.407" Title="Is a fielder within the 30 yard circle required to throw the ball without bouncing?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13289" CreationDate="2016-03-12T21:08:07.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not in the laws as that in such words.   It is covered by unfairly altering the condition of the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea being that you can soften and dirty the ball making it harder for the batsmen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be achieved by deliberately bouncing the ball in from the field and umpires have been told to stop the practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T21:08:07.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-03-12T21:10:24.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ICC do specify boundary sizes as do many competitons.   I would suggest the reason that the laws remain silent on this is the wide variety of sizes of ground from small chocolate box grounds to massive international fields. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T21:10:24.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13293" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13294" CreationDate="2016-03-12T21:47:03.253" Score="4" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, many coaches believe that it is impossible to train penalty shots, based on the argument that the pressure that is on a player who takes a penalty shot can not be simulated during training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, there is little difference with free throws in basketball: the distance is always the same, the spectators expect the player to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions: do basketball players actively train for their free throws? How do they simulate the pressure on the player? What is the scoring percentage for free throws among the best teams? In soccer, the better players score 80 percent or higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3294" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-25T00:06:00.477" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T00:06:00.477" Title="training and scoring of free throws in basketball" Tags="|basketball|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13293" CreationDate="2016-03-13T00:49:26.090" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Free throws are trained for during basketball practice.  Other than players just standing around scoring, coaches will run drills to simulate game vibes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common drill is for a player to shoot 2 free throws and sprint to the other end to shoot 2 more.  For every one they miss they have to go there back and there.  Basically sprint a lap for each miss.  There are two keys to practicing free throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;players must have the legs worn as they would be in a game.  This is obvious as you are not gaining much when shooting free throws fresh.  Your feet and hips play a big part of keeping your free throw straight.  If fatigued it is highly more likely that these will sway to left or right.  Your quads and knees will effect the shot long or short.  Again these are not effected much when you aren't fatigued.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;player should only shoot two free throws at a time.  Players already shoot significantly better for their 2nd free throw so shooting more is not practical as the hardest one to hit is the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes they train all the time.  Probably the biggest issue is how hard they fatigue themselves while training.  Often this isn't even close to game situation.  I actually remember watching Shaq practice free throws.  He would shoot 5 then &quot;jog&quot; down to the other end and shoot 5.  Well he would shoot 70-80% in practice and maybe better.  Easy to see he wasn't practicing right.    But again it may be hard to practice these perfect for pro players as this would hurt their resting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is a big difference between free throws and penalty kicks.  They happen a lot more often and are often not in stressful situations.  There are only a very small percentage of free throws that are actually in clutch situations where in soccer each penalty kick is HUGE so we are comparing apples and oranges.  There are definitely psychological issues in basketball but it is more about muscle memory and technique.  For instance in soccer the player shooting can shoot with no goalie and hit close to 100% within 4 feet of the goal posts.  But he has to shoot against a goalie so the ball may need to be closer or it may need to be shot faster.  In basketball there is no other stress involved.  It isn't like if a free throw is shot too slow there would be a guy jumping up to block it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is funny is that in basketball 80% is a great percentage.  A team would be really happy shooting 80% and most are a good 5% points lower.  There are just more moving parts affecting a free throw and it is a much smaller goal even though the act itself is easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T00:49:26.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13295" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-13T01:47:47.260" Score="6" ViewCount="2190" Body="&lt;p&gt;The illegal stick rule has cobwebs on it. When was the last time a team was penalized for it, due to its blade being curved too much? Who were the teams? Back in the day some teams had a great eye for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10995" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T10:18:30.723" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T10:19:51.810" Title="Illegal Stick Rule In NHL" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13301" CreationDate="2016-03-13T06:27:39.043" Score="7" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Im a high school long jumper.&#xA;I have my best of 6.34 meters and I did it with a runway of 24 meters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I increased my runway to 40 meters and increased my running speed. My technique is the hang technique. So I need to be in air for a longer time. Unfortunately I do not find this easy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how can I stay longer in air to jump longer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10997" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-14T15:15:10.330" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T15:15:10.330" Title="How do you master the hang technique?" Tags="|technique|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13297" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-13T11:01:39.580" Score="5" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal for a team to score a try from a line-out quick thrown-in after&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the same ball went into touch, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee has blown for the lineout, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the linejudge has his flag up and his arm out, and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the defending team is still on their way to the line-out? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, the attacking team has an advantage as they outnumber the opposing team considerably, similar to when there are more players on one side of a formed line-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the referee should ensure that the line-out be formed properly as it already has been called. Furthermore, I believe a penalty kick should be awarded to the other team. This is due to the team taking the throw in being off-side as it cannot be judged a straight throw in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10998" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T05:13:36.710" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T05:13:36.710" Title="Legal throwins at lineouts" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-13T11:21:15.850" Score="4" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;In biathlon there are 4 formats for races:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mass start (12.5km for women and 15km for men)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Individual (15km for women and 20km for men)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sprint (7.5km for women and 10km for men)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pursuit (10km for women and 12.5km for men)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the mass start format the athletes start all together.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the sprint and individual formats the athletes start every 30 seconds.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the pursuit format the athletes start with the delay accumulated from the sprint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So sprint and individual both seem to be &quot;individual&quot; events and I do not understand why the shortest is called &quot;sprint&quot; and the longer &quot;individual&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-07T18:18:52.230" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T18:24:22.770" Title="Why does the &quot;individual&quot; race in a biathlon have that name?" Tags="|trivia|terminology|biathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13271" CreationDate="2016-03-13T14:29:17.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The USTA website is kind of hard to navigate... trust me, I know. But if your child is under ten, then you should try out quickstart tournaments. I don't really know how high his level is, but quickstart is the easiest (I believe) but there are higher options if that's what you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might want to try an 10U L3 tournament. These are played in a round robin format and can gain some experience for your child. L2's and L1b's should probably come later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10944" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T14:29:17.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13127" CreationDate="2016-03-13T16:07:37.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Norway hits 19 wins this morning (March 12th, 2016) in Kvitfjell (Nor). It's now the new standard. And the season isn't over yet !! Heia Norge !!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11000" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T16:07:37.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13296" CreationDate="2016-03-13T20:55:59.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spent two years trying to perfect the hang technique in high school and I was an utter failure.  I was fast and tall so was sent to do the long jump, but ended up being a little too big to make this technique effective.  There were a lot of 5th place finishes in my future at meets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key to the hang technique is the short step at the end - think about double jump basketball jump.  This allows you more vertical velocity with just a small decrease in horizontal velocity.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you hit the air with this greater upward momentum it is taught to stand tall, legs back and then knees to chest before legs are extended.   There are a lot of moving parts and it requires a certain amount of flexibility (another major issue I had).   Alas I had trouble just doing the last step, as this causes the greatest hang effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please refer to this paper on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/cms/lib09/UT01001306/Centricity/Domain/8250/Track%20and%20Field%20Mechanics/Long%20Jump%20Mechanics.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hang technique&lt;/a&gt;.  I also suggest while learning that you focus on the takeoff and then work your way through the steps.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T20:55:59.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13289" CreationDate="2016-03-13T22:17:46.540" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did not see the coverage so cannot comment on their disagreement however when fielding within closer proximity there are considerations the fielder must make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there an opportunity of a run out?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the wicketkeeper at the stumps or appraching the stumps?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this going to the bowlers end?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is there someone at the stumps?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the ball return just to get it back to the wicketkeeper / bowler (no runout opportunity)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if you are attempting to run out the batsman a fielder wants to hit the stumps. A ball that bounces actually takes longer to get to the wickets since the bounce slows the ball and the trajectory is slightly further.&#xA;However a bouncing ball has more accuracy than one on the full. It is harder to hit the stumps on the full than a bouncing ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This decision is a split second decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as far as a returning the ball just to reset the game (no run out) a fielder should throw the ball on the full, and not hard either. A bouncing ball may make it more difficult for the wicketkeeper to catch and may risk overthrows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for damaging the ball &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 42 (FAIR AND UNFAIR PLAY)&lt;/a&gt; has a clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The match ball - changing its condition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unfair for anyone to rub the ball on the ground for any reason, to interfere with any of the seams or the surface of the ball, to use any implement, &lt;strong&gt;or to take any other action whatsoever which is likely to alter the condition of the ball&lt;/strong&gt;, except as permitted in (a) above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means throwing the ball down at the wicket (which is much harder than the grass) could damage the ball. The umpire may warn the player (and captain) of such behaviour according to this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T18:57:49.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13297" CreationDate="2016-03-14T22:03:16.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=19&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 19&lt;/a&gt; covers when a quick throw can be taken as opposed to a lineout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The touch judge or assistant referee should not put his arm up until a quick throw cannot be allowed because of a different ball or the line out is formed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the description you give above its play on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also bear in mind that as soon as the line out is formed, the throw in can take place regardless of whether both sides are ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T22:03:16.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1536" CreationDate="2016-03-15T02:46:19.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note that I've changed this answer several times, to keep up with current status.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;TLDR: Use &lt;a href=&quot;http://smashrun.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smashrun&lt;/a&gt;, then &lt;a href=&quot;https://tapiriik.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tapiriik&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the previous months/years Nike has been changing the way it provides data; including &lt;em&gt;who&lt;/em&gt; it provides it to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd been using the exporter by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2338/1275&quot;&gt;Rhys McCaig&lt;/a&gt; for quite some time, but he has since discontinued his tool. I've also tried &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/13251/1275&quot;&gt;Tapiriik&lt;/a&gt;, which is great, but the Nike+ service is still in beta (I always get the message &amp;quot;Some activities could not be synchronized&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://smashrun.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smashrun&lt;/a&gt; is able to import Nike+ runs directly. From there if you still want to export somewhere else (or just upload TCX files to Dropbox) you can use &lt;a href=&quot;https://tapiriik.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tapiriik&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1275" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-03T19:02:05.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13307" CreationDate="2016-03-15T02:48:36.093" Score="4" ViewCount="28104" Body="&lt;p&gt;The high school star running back runs down the field, he gets to the 40, a man is in his way, so he takes a flying leap, clearing the defender, and resumes his sprint to the end zone. The referee's whistle blows, the play is dead, and the offense is penalized 15 yards for an illegal contact foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the only person with even a potential of getting hurt is the offensive player, but hurdling is still much less dangerous than the receiver who jumps for a pass and is drilled by the safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would they make hurdling illegal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. It ruins a ton of amazing plays :(&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10099" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T15:31:36.733" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T14:27:58.010" Title="Why can't you hurdle someone in high school football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13306" CreationDate="2016-03-15T13:16:59.403" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is for player safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if you jump in the air to go over someone you basically put the defender in a position where they must commit an illegal tackle.  Really the only/most effective tackle of a guy in the air is to put your head down and spear him... good luck wrapping him up.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the player being tackled has a much better chance of getting a helmet to the knee.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the player being tackled has a much better chance of getting flipped and suffering a spine injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the player jumping is just a high school athlete.  There are more fails than fabulous plays meaning guys jumping/flipping over other guys come down in bad positions and break bones.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the rule used to be no flips or dives.  There was just too many grey areas with this rule, &quot;Did I jump over the guy or dive over him?&quot;  So the no jumping was put in I think about 10-15 years ago - correct me if I am wrong on this point as all the rules tend to start blending.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I personally agree with it?  Probably not.  But you let this happen and then 10 other things need to happen.  Trust me when I was headhunting the RB on defense and blew his ass up with a helmet to helmet the crowd loved that just as much as a RB doing a jump.  I would get thrown out of high school games now for what I did every other play when I was playing...   It is a different game and you are focusing on one rule without context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T13:16:59.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2016-03-15T13:39:47.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is just a long comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First I am positive that you will have more cardiac deaths in football/soccer than the average population.  Let's not forget basketball too which is probably the most famous sport for athletes dying while playing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This whole thing is very close to me because I have witnessed a friend die playing football and another collapse on the basketball court and have open heart surgery hours later.  There are a lot of factors that predispose this to happening:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the male athlete is more likely to have genetic mutations concerning the heart or surrounding valves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the male athlete in these sports are usually big and fast which puts more stress on the heart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;these sports require stopping and starting at sprint speed.  One with a heart condition can theoretically run all day, at a marathoners pace.  But that same person may have dramatic issues if stopping and starting which causes sudden blood flows through the aorta and heart.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;football and basketball in general are far more likely to have athletes come into the season in very poor physical condition, especially at the high school level.  I have coached high school football and at the beginning of the year 1/3 of the team couldn't do a mile under 10 mins.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;these sports just require more activity than other sports.  The practices are harder, burn more calories, do more whatever, it is harder.  A person with a genetic heart condition is much more likely to reach his tipping point when doing something like this.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;On a side note - I do not agree with the soccer statement.  I don't have concrete facts but I don't see it.  Most of the world plays soccer so maybe you hear about a lot in that sport.  The two big sports are basketball and football that you hear about this.  I have a strong feeling this is due to the size of the players.  Not only does the size and height put stress on the heart (really tall people die sooner) but really tall people also are more prone to predisposed conditions and genetic mutations that cause heart issues.  A good percentage of basketball players over 6'6&quot; have known genetic conditions and are monitored heavily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for defibrillators - it couldn't hurt but I doubt would help much either.  Most of the issues are around tears/holes around the aorta/valve/heart.  This is not like baseball where you got a sudden shock to your heart by being hit with a ball in the chest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2017-09-21T21:37:34.087" LastActivityDate="2017-09-21T21:37:34.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13309" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-15T13:51:37.427" Score="3" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between trail running shoes and normal running shoes? I want to know in terms of construction (heel to toe drop etc) of the shoe and the cushioning. Is the cushioning in trail running shoes more than that in normal running shoes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11008" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-03-15T14:05:05.013" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T14:17:20.537" Title="What is the difference between trail running shoes and normal running shoes?" Tags="|equipment|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:27:30.090" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13309" CreationDate="2016-03-15T14:17:20.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally the drop of trail running shoes will vary by model in much the same way it varies in regular running shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The principal differences that make a running shoe a trail running shoe are traction and durability; both of these will have an impact on the cushioning. Trail running shoes generally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have stiffer/heavier rubber outsoles with larger and differently-configured lugs for traction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have stiffer (and thus harder) midsoles, both to support climbing on steeper trails and protect the foot from rocky surfaces (i.e. the cushioning will be thicker and of a harder material)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have heavier uppers to resist tearing (sometimes the uppers are water-resistant as well)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there's a lot of variation between trail shoes, just as there is in regular shoes, so there are exceptions to all of these. But if you were to take a regular running shoe and make it into a trail running shoe, these are probably the changes you would be making.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T14:17:20.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10665" CreationDate="2016-03-15T19:57:46.013" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played Division 1 baseball, and I was recruited to play both infield (SS) and pitch, so I have a little experience for this question.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly speaking, the glove is all about preference by the player.  Personally, I hated breaking a glove in.  I felt as though breaking it in (even though it makes catching a lot easier) really broke down the fabric that makes the glove as special as it is.  I loved having a stiff glove because it didn't make the glove feel flimsy, but again that's personal preference.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to think about is the size of the player's glove.  As I am sure you know. Outfielder's gloves are supposed to be bigger than infielder's and pitchers due to them wanting to increase their range.  Same with infielder's and pitchers.  When I played infield I used 11 3/4 size glove but when I pitched I used a 11.5 and even 11.25 glove.  So in reference to your question, their breakpoint could be different due to the actual size of the glove, or the make of the glove, or the way they break it in (heat and oil, a lot of catch, etc).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So really to answer your question, the way a glove is broke in is totally dependent on user preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T19:57:46.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3907" CreationDate="2016-03-15T20:13:44.000" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is from the world snowboarding tour website. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsnowboardtour.com/judging-sls/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.worldsnowboardtour.com/judging-sls/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Snowboarding Live Scoring System, or SLS, is a  judging system&#xA;  that has evolved over the past 10 years. It was launched successfully&#xA;  during the TTR 6Star Arctic Challenge Slopestyle, held in Oslo in&#xA;  2010, and the first Halfpipe, at the 5Star BGOS in New Zealand in&#xA;  2010. The SLS system has a focus on individual tricks combined with overall impression. There are dedicated Trick judges and OI (Overall&#xA;  Impression) judges. The combined result of Trick and OI scores gives:&#xA;  a detailed overview of a rider’s performance per Trick, their overall&#xA;  run impact. the effect it has on the final position in the event. The&#xA;  SLS system has a transparent scoring path showing how the run result&#xA;  was achieved, a result that can be compared trick by trick, from run&#xA;  to run. Each TRICK is judged by teams of two. They focus on just one&#xA;  feature in the Slopestyle course, and one hit in the Halfpipe. Judges&#xA;  will concentrate their judging values on Amplitude, Difficulty and&#xA;  Execution. Each OI judge  focuses on the overall impact of the run&#xA;  over the entire course. Judges will concentrate their judging values&#xA;  on Variation, Style and Combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Halfpipe, the SLS system allocates two dedicated judges per hit.&#xA;  Two judges score each specific hit. All hits have the same value&#xA;  assigned. Based on the maximum value of the hit, a trick score is&#xA;  calculated. Only the 4 best individual Trick scores are kept and then&#xA;  added up for a Total Trick score. For the Flow Score, two additional&#xA;  judges are dedicated to focusing solely on the usage and composition&#xA;  of the halfpipe run. Flow judges will take into account all tricks&#xA;  beyond the 4 top scoring hits that are scored by the judges as well as&#xA;  any insecurity including falls. The two OI scores are averaged thus :&#xA;  Total Trick + Total OI score results makes a Run score, which defines&#xA;  a rider’s final position in the event ranking. Trick and OI judges&#xA;  will score on a 0 -100 scale. The Run Score is the sum of the total&#xA;  Trick and OI score combined and will be communicated as a common 0 –&#xA;  100 points value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-16T12:27:53.580" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T12:27:53.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13314" CreationDate="2016-03-16T02:46:47.243" Score="9" ViewCount="8555" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read somewhere that a red card should automatically be awarded if a defender hand balls the soccer ball in the penalty area. I do not know whether this is substantiated, it seems rather harsh if the handball is accidental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It got me thinking, are all fouls in the penalty box which lead to a penalty kick always penalised with a red card as well? If not, what percentage of penalty kicks are awarded in conjunction with red cards, and for what offences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10380" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T16:44:12.020" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T16:44:12.020" Title="Do offences that lead a to a penalty inside the penalty box always result in a red card?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13313" CreationDate="2016-03-16T06:08:43.463" Score="10" Body="&lt;h2&gt;No. Not all offences in the penalty box lead to a red card.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many offences within the penalty box lead to no further action than a penalty being given. The referee can also show a yellow card for offences within the penalty box. If the yellow card shown is the second one received by the player during the match, the player must be sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Red (sent off) or yellow (cautioned) cards are to be shown for the following offences according to&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjS-oGnwsTLAhWHj44KHeOCDqwQFggcMAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2FDocument%2FFootballDevelopment%2FRefereeing%2F02%2F36%2F01%2F11%2FLawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHXURq6bh9Xk3iGXWXUWiSY7hRfDg&amp;amp;sig2=oG7tBSruKopPsGOumQxL5A&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sending-off offences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the following seven offences: &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    serious foul play &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    violent conduct &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    spitting at an opponent or any other person &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity&#xA;by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within&#xA;his own penalty area) &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    denying an obvious goalscoring opportunity to an opponent moving&#xA;towards the player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a&#xA;penalty kick &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    receiving a second caution in the same match &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now it's up to the referee's discretion as to whether the offence falls within any of the above categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautionable offences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the&#xA;following seven offences:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    unsporting behaviour &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    dissent by word or action &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    delaying the restart of play &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission &lt;br&gt;&#xA;•    deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again it is completely up to the referee's discretion to judge whether the offence falls under any of the above categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T06:08:43.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13317" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-16T17:26:10.387" Score="6" ViewCount="7880" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you please let us know how the ICC calculates the “Net run rate” for the both teams, when one team decides to forfeit the match by not showing up?&#xA;We would like to know what the “Net run rate” awarded to the team that showed up (who are declared as the winners) will be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11013" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T08:29:32.920" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T16:03:13.507" Title="What is the Net Run Rate for a Forfeit Match?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12748" CreationDate="2016-03-16T20:00:45.530" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Go for surfing. If you know how to fall, you can fall into relatively soft water and don't have to worry about hurting yourself very easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Skateboarding is much more injury prone as other posters have mentioned. It's also much harder to stop (when going down a hill for example). In the process of learning skateboarding you will definitely have a few falls that really hurt, something you probably don't want at 35.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever you do, you need to have dedication! When you start, you need to take a week off whatever you're doing and spend all that time learning the basics (taking a lesson or two) and really figuring things out. Then you can move to a few times a week and you'll really enjoy the activity because you know how to properly do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11016" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T20:00:45.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13323" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-03-17T00:59:42.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa América&lt;/a&gt;, its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13945/shortest-time-between-separated-yellow-card-cautions-for-one-player&quot;&gt;Shortest time between separated yellow card cautions for one player?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can tag the question with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/conmebol&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;conmebol&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;conmebol&lt;/a&gt; tag (which hasn't been created yet), if it asks/involves/implies CONMEBOL's perspective on/relation to the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:46:22.273" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:46:22.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13324" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-03-17T00:59:42.180" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Copa América organized by CONMEBOL, formerly known as the South American Football Championship." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:46:22.273" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:46:22.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13325" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13326" CreationDate="2016-03-17T09:35:57.303" Score="2" ViewCount="3597" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule in cricket if the wicket keeper steps forward and catches a ball (ie before the bowl ends).&#xA;(1) before it crosses the stump, &#xA;(2) before it crosses the batsman? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-17T14:47:38.310" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T14:47:38.310" Title="What is the rule in cricket if the wicket keeper steps forward and catches a ball before it crosses the stump / batsman?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13325" CreationDate="2016-03-17T10:09:49.987" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 40.3 Position of the wicket-keeper&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wicket-keeper shall remain wholly behind the wicket at the striker’s end from the moment the ball comes into play until&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) a ball delivered by the bowler,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;either (i) touches the bat or person of the striker,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (ii) passes the wicket at the striker’s end,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (b) the striker attempts a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event of the wicket-keeper contravening this Law, the striker’s end umpire shall call and signal No ball as soon as applicable after the delivery of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore both your cases would be a no ball, unless the batsman has played the ball (or it has hit their person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T10:09:49.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13317" CreationDate="2016-03-17T16:03:13.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Section 21.10.5 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/54dad3266e240-CWC2015%20Final%20Update%2028%201%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; covers this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In circumstances where a match (and the points for such match) is awarded to a team as a result of the other team’s refusal to play, either by the umpires in accordance with Law 21.3 (a)(ii) or in accordance with the provisions of the relevant event agreements signed by the participating teams, &lt;strong&gt;the net run rate of the defaulting team shall be affected in that the full 50 overs of the defaulting team’s innings in such forfeited match shall be taken into account in calculating the average runs per over of the defaulting team&lt;/strong&gt; over the course of the relevant portion of the competition. For the avoidance of doubt &lt;strong&gt;the runs scored and overs bowled in such forfeited match will not be taken into account when calculating the net run rate of the team to whom the match was awarded.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In effect, 50 overs are added to the denominator of the loser's &quot;scored&quot; run rate, while their &quot;conceded&quot; run rate is unaffected. The winner's run rate is unaffected. This is easier to understand with an example. Suppose Team A doesn't show up for their game against Team B. Then for purpose of calculating net run rate, following data is considered from this game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Team A&lt;/em&gt; (loser)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runs Scored: 0 from 50 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runs Conceded: 0 from 0 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Team B&lt;/em&gt; (winner)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runs Scored: 0 from 0 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runs Conceded: 0 from 0 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/56bb2a65a7f53-Men%27s%20World%20T20%20Playing%20Conditions%20Clean%20Copy%20090216.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC World Twenty20 2016 Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; also includes the same rule, the difference being, of course, that instead of 50 overs, 20 overs will be added to the loser's &quot;scored&quot; run rate denominator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such forfeiture has occurred a few times in Cricket World Cups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the 1996 Cricket World Cup, Australia and West Indies forfeited their league matches against Sri Lanka due to &quot;security concerns&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the 2003 Cricket World Cup, New Zealand forfeited their match against Kenya due to &quot;security concerns&quot;, while England forfeited their match against Zimbabwe due to a certain political controversy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the above rule wasn't included in the playing conditions for 2003 World Cup and earlier, so in all the above cases, the forfeiting teams conceded &quot;only&quot; the points for the match without affecting their net run rate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T16:03:13.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13331" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-18T05:45:38.537" Score="2" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;In previous years, I remember being able to watch all NCAA tournament basketball games in their entirety, even after the game had ended.  However, this year, it seems like it's only showing a recap and not showing the full game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did things change when I wasn't paying attention or is there a way to watch the full game after it has ended on the ncaa's website &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.com/march-madness-live&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(link to site here)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-18T13:32:54.780" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T13:32:54.780" Title="Are we allowed to watch the NCAA tournament games in their entirety this year (2016)?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|media|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-03-18T12:53:18.327" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5697" CreationDate="2016-03-18T14:07:36.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The record for single set (when set goes to 25) seems this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;54-52 13 gen 2002, Bre Banca Cuneo - Sisley Treviso&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.legavolley.it/Pillole.asp?Sezione=Gare&amp;amp;Tipo=TOPSCORE_MATCH&amp;amp;Anno=-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Italian A1 stats&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volleykieldrecht.be/nl/news/was-het-gisteren-nu-de-langste-set-ooit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; and also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volleyball-movies.net/fanclubs/discussion/the-longest-set-in-the-history-of-volleyball-329&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; source confirm this record, but I am not sure on the current validity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T14:07:36.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13338" CreationDate="2016-03-18T14:17:01.733" Score="8" ViewCount="4938" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it happens that a football player loses the shoe during the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does he have to stop playing or he can continue to play assuming the risk of injury?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it possible to score a goal with no shoe if he loses it just a few moments before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2016-03-18T16:21:50.850" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T21:49:08.827" Title="What happens if a player loses a shoe during a football match?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13334" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-18T14:34:25.973" Score="8" ViewCount="2872" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just recently started coaching a little kid (8 years old) and this youngster is part of a travel team.  The coaches for that travel team (according to the kid and his father) have instructed all their pitchers to pitch from the 'stretch'.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let me tell you I pitched in college for a division 1 team so I have a lot of experience in this field (no pun intended), but I can't seem to figure out a legitimate reason as to why this is preferred.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion the stretch is more advanced than a wind-up, ESPECIALLY AT THE AGES OF 8-12.  I mean, the stretch is used to keep runners close to the bag while they take a lead.  At the age of 8, base runners aren't even allowed to take a lead, or even steal until the ball crosses home plate!  The timing, the mind-set, and the form is advanced for such young and developing players. And of course when I started coaching this kid and witnessed his stretch, the form was decent, but if you are going to start coaching a kid with pitching from the stretch I think they should at least be taught the correct methods. Such as not allowing the shoulders to move, stopping your glove after you are set, etc.. not a non-stop motion after coming to the set position.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I have played with great players who don't use the wind-up either but again, they are far more advanced than an 8 year old player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can i get some explanation as to why this is preferred?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T19:36:35.993" Title="Why is the stretch preferred over the wind-up?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13334" CreationDate="2016-03-18T16:19:51.693" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested as to why you think the stretch is more advanced than the wind-up.  It seems to me like the wind-up includes much of the stretch mechanics (roughly speaking) but with a lot of extra movements involved.  The fact that these kids don't have to actually worry about base runners should actually simplify things in learning the stretch delivery.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From one article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ballfrogsports.com/blog/should-a-pitcher-learn-to-throw-from-the-windup-or-the-set-first/&quot;&gt;Ballfrog&lt;/a&gt; advocating for teaching the stretch to young players, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Professional ballplayers have honed their posture, balance, tempo, and timing for decades in many cases.  Kids have not had the benefit of this experience ....Pitching is complicated.  The mechanics of throwing a ball need to be in sync, and with many components to this motion, it can take time to learn.  Starting with the stretch introduces these complicated movements more slowly than does jumping straight into the windup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also suggest that injuries are reduced (fewer moving parts) and the wind-up can basically be added on after mastery of the stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Former MLB pitcher Steven Ellis &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theulitmatepitcher.com/wind-up-vs-stretch/&quot;&gt;says:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The only reason you lose velocity out of the stretch is because you have spent more time developing your wind-up mechanics. There must be a 50/50 split between practicing both pitching motions.&#xA;  There are tons of MLB pitchers who strictly throw out of the stretch, and many of these pitchers throw above average velocity. In fact, many pitchers prefer throwing out of the stretch because it eliminates any unnecessary movement that could alter the progression of their mechanics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So he's also saying that it's simpler and, interestingly, that the stretch isn't practiced enough.  I think the case could definitely be made then that for the long run it would be best to become very good at the stretch delivery and then, once the kid learns his balance and throwing technique, add the components of the wind-up to be proficient at both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T16:19:51.693" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-18T16:53:17.733" Score="2" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Im a high school Long Jumper. And my personal best this year is 6.31 mts .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was under the guidance of a coach now. Can anyone tell me how many days I must practice jump in pit in a week?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I have other problems too. No matter how many strides my run way is . I land in the same place . I cant convert my speed into vertical jump. Can anyone help me ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10997" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T16:05:32.977" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T16:05:32.977" Title="How many jumps are mandatory?" Tags="|technique|training|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-03-21T09:21:14.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13333" CreationDate="2016-03-18T21:49:08.827" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, footwear is a part of the basic compulsory equipment, i.e. no player can play barefoot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The basic compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[…]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;footwear&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/2016&lt;/a&gt;, Law 4 – The Players’ Equipment)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that does not mean the player would have to stop playing immediately should he lose a shoe; a player can score a goal even after losing a shoe a few moments before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player loses his footwear accidentally and immediately plays the ball and/or scores a goal, there is no infringement and the goal is awarded because he lost his footwear by accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees 2015/2016&lt;/a&gt;, Law 4 – The Players’ Equipment)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But he cannot continue playing so, and definitely cannot “assume the risk of injury”. Note that there is an offense of playing “in a dangerous manner” which includes possible injury to the player himself, and which is penalized by an indirect free kick. (But that is purely theoretical, I believe; normally, should the player attempt playing barefoot, the referee would instruct him to correct his equipment.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T21:49:08.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-03-19T11:53:08.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There hasn't been any fixed rules given by the International Cricket Council, but they have said that a ground should have a minimum size of 137 meters appromxicately 68 meters from either side of the pitch although it varies on whic pitch is used on the given day.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The shortest boundary should be around 60meters and longest one should be around 83 meters from the center of the pitch.Also the distance between the boundary ropes and the advertising boards should be mimimum 3 metres.Check this link&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportscourtdimensions.com/cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.sportscourtdimensions.com/cricket/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11031" LastEditorUserId="11031" LastEditDate="2016-03-19T12:10:55.307" LastActivityDate="2016-03-19T12:10:55.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-19T13:16:32.530" Score="0" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the NBA's average team score from season to season; 2014 season vs 2015 season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11032" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-20T07:46:24.907" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T07:46:24.907" Title="NBA Team Scoring Averages 2015 vs 2014" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-03-21T12:34:44.010" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13340" CreationDate="2016-03-19T16:28:20.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These charts show each team's average points per game as well as a bunch of other stats:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/team/_/stat/team-comparison-per-game/sort/avgPoints/year/2015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Team Statistics Comparison 2014/15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/team/_/stat/team-comparison-per-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Team Statistics Comparison 2015/16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9585" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-03-20T07:36:04.553" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T07:36:04.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13343" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-19T17:03:40.653" Score="5" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team is awarded a penalty near the in-goal, say at 5 yards, and they play a quick tap. How you defend against that? I have seen yellow cards shown for tackling the player (for example, against Argentina when playing the All Blacks at the World Cup). In that situation, what are you supposed to do? How do you avoid the try?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7715" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T00:52:19.787" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T23:29:06.687" Title="How do you defend quick tap penalties?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13343" CreationDate="2016-03-20T13:16:24.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the entire point of the quick-tap penalty at short range is to make it nearly impossible to prevent the attacker crossing the line, the defence has two legal options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pull back to the line to ensure onside, then group-tackle: this prevents further penalty and provides the best opportunity to either turn over possession for clearance, or slow down the quick play so the defence can regroup.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Force a held-up: a riskier tactic, but if the defenders' scrum is strong or can even drive over, potentially worthwhile, especially as the defending players only need to prevent the grounding alone, and not the forward movement as well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-05-13T23:29:06.687" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T23:29:06.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13295" CreationDate="2016-03-20T16:53:02.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a similar question &lt;a href=&quot;https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090310202849AA3IvsJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; on yahoo answers. Given this, I would say the last penalty was on the Senators Jason Spezza in 2009 called out against the Toronto Maple Leafs. You can view the video on youtube. A great stick measurement story is Marty McSorely in 1993. The blade measurements are clearly defined in the NHL rule book (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2014-2015-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NHL Rule 10.5&lt;/a&gt;), but it is an unwritten rule to not call it out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10587" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T16:53:02.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13352" CreationDate="2016-03-21T11:47:02.500" Score="5" ViewCount="4438" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's clear that in all the alpine skiing events you need to go from red gate to blue gate and you need to go round them. I cannot understand fully that in the slalom race. Most of the gates there, have some distance between them, but sometimes the red and blue gate are right one after another. Are they counted the same way, or the rule for those close gates is different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T23:35:06.867" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T23:08:03.690" Title="How do you choose the next Alpine Skiing Slalom's gate?" Tags="|rules|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13351" CreationDate="2016-03-21T18:25:15.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Also in slalom skiiers has to pass alternatively in red gate then blue gate.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;In every speciality skiiers make inspections (mostly with thier trainers)&#xA;before the races to check and study the structure of the tracks&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the gates are placed in position &quot;perpendicular&quot; to the descent is easier to understand the succession of the gates, but it can happen that the gates are placed in a &quot;parallel&quot; way to the descent and in this case the skier has to turn close to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When two ports are very close succession of uses &quot;&lt;strong&gt;double&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; term to describe this figure as if it is three doors in close succession using the term &quot;&lt;strong&gt;triple&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (this is a translation from Italian language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the logical point of view there are no differences from the &quot;perpendicular&quot; tracking, but visually understanding is more difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8nLdq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8nLdq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;skier and trainer studyng the track&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In downhill they test the track with time trials twice before every race (in the image you can see the FIS calendar for december 2015 where all the time training downhill are signed with blue arrows)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZYa9R.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZYa9R.png&quot; alt=&quot;FIS calendar dec2015&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XC1cH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XC1cH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;track different speciality&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-25T23:08:03.690" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T23:08:03.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10635" CreationDate="2016-03-21T19:42:34.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gravel fields are for basically two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The climate of the region would mean that the field would take a long time time to dry or would be wet most/all of the time.  If you are putting a baseball field up north it is more important that they have a field to play on vs. having a good field.  If it is rainy 2-3 times a week and 40-50F during the spring your fields will never dry.  Gravel can be played on the next day.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The soil is so rocky that you might as well gravel it.  This is less common but seen it in South America.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T19:42:34.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13355" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13356" CreationDate="2016-03-22T01:33:54.047" Score="6" ViewCount="590" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wondering, who introduced the helicopter shot in cricket. MS Dhoni used to play that shot very often. If I remember correctly Sri Lankan opener Marvan Atapattu use to play similar kind of shots in his own style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody knows who introduced that shot to the cricket world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10898" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T06:58:18.530" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T11:02:30.333" Title="Helicopter shot in Cricket" Tags="|cricket|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13355" CreationDate="2016-03-22T04:07:09.550" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportskeeda.com/slideshow/5-players-attempted-helicopter-shot-cricket&quot;&gt;Page&lt;/a&gt; says , &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_(cricketer)&quot;&gt;Abdul Razzaq&lt;/a&gt; was the first player to try a helicopter shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is a similar &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Who-is-the-first-batsman-ever-to-play-the-famous-helicopter-shot&quot;&gt;quora question&lt;/a&gt;, it says &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Azharuddin&quot;&gt;Mohammad Azharuddin&#xA;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajay_Jadeja&quot;&gt;Ajay Jadeja&lt;/a&gt; have tried helicopter shots back in 1996(youtube links are attached in that page, but I am unable to open it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There might be a lot of players who have played similar kind of shots in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the name Helicopter was introduced in 2011 when &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni&quot;&gt;Dhoni&lt;/a&gt; featured in a Pepsi advertisement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I would say &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni&quot;&gt;Dhoni&lt;/a&gt; was the only player who have used the shot to it's potential.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T08:41:12.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T08:41:12.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13357" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-23T02:44:02.747" Score="4" ViewCount="6898" Body="&lt;p&gt;In slow pitch senior softball, a ball is hit and lands fair between 1st &amp;amp; 3rd, then bounces left in the air foul. However the ball is caught before it hits the ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it fair or foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11049" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T17:22:03.030" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T19:00:26.017" Title="Is a ball which bounces into foul territory fair or foul?" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13358" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-23T05:12:10.637" Score="0" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just wondering. Is any cricket player involved in any other sports for his country rather than cricket. While they still playing international cricket. I knew &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonty_Rhodes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jonty Rhodes&lt;/a&gt; played hockey for South Africa but I am not sure he played international level.Thanks in Advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10898" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T09:14:22.087" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T09:14:22.087" Title="Cricket player involved in any other sports" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-03-24T04:20:48.583" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13358" CreationDate="2016-03-23T06:39:01.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are number of players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one came to my mind is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB_de_Villiers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;AB de Villiers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of his achievements are listed below (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ab-de-villiers---a-hockey-football-rugby-tennis-and-badminton-champ/15286163&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was shortlisted for South Africa's junior national hockey team. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He made it to the shortlist of South Africa's junior national football team. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was captain of South Africa's junior national rugby team. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He holds six South African school swimming records. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He holds the record in the 100m dash in South Africa's junior athletics. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was a member of South Africa's junior Davis Cup tennis team. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was South Africa's U-19 national badminton champion. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has a golf handicap of scratch or zero, which means he is a player whose average score for a round of golf is par or better.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/508258.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; of some Cricketers who excelled at other sports, you can &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/#q=cricketers+in+other+sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google&lt;/a&gt; for more results. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T07:08:37.693" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T07:08:37.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13357" CreationDate="2016-03-23T13:20:31.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamusa.org/usa-softball/about/about-us/asa-code&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ASA Code&lt;/a&gt; (aka, the Amateur Softball Association of America), there are many divisions of senior slow pitch softball, ranging from 50-over to 75-over. I will be using said rules to answer your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sfcoedchurchleague.com/asasoftballrb.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ASA playing rules&lt;/a&gt; define a &quot;fair ball&quot; as the following (starting on page 49, in part):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batted ball shall be judged according to the relative position of&#xA;  the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to&#xA;  whether the fielder is on fair or foul territory at the time the&#xA;  fielder touches the ball. It does not matter whether the ball first&#xA;  touches fair or foul territory, as long as it does not touch anything&#xA;  foreign to the natural ground in foul territory and complies with all&#xA;  other aspects of a fair ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fair ball is a legally batted ball that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Settles or is touched on or over fair territory between home and first base or between home and third base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Bounds over or past first or third base, which is in fair territory, regardless of where the ball hits after going over the base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;While on or over fair territory, touches the person or clothing of a player or an umpire.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;First falls or is first touched on or over fair territory beyond first, second or third base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is hit and lands fair between 1st. &amp;amp; 3rd. then bounces left&#xA;  in the air foul. However the ball is caught before it hits the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it fair or foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This depends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the ball bounce beyond first or third base with respect to home plate? If so, this is a fair ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, this is a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T19:43:23.367" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T19:43:23.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13357" CreationDate="2016-03-23T15:42:27.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer depends on where that ball landed fair between 1st and 3rd.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the ball lands and bounces foul (like the question states).. does the ball bounce foul before the ball passes 3rd or 1st base or does the ball bounce foul after it passes 3rd or 1st base?  The part of the question &lt;em&gt;However the ball is caught before it hits the ground&lt;/em&gt; is irrelevant and will not make a difference in the outcome of the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball bounces foul before it is able to pass either 1st or 3rd base, it doesn't matter if the ball is caught before it hits the ground.. it will be deemed a foul ball.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball bounces foul after it passes either 1st or 3rd base, again it doesn't matter if the ball is caught before it hits the ground.. it will be deemed a fair ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T15:42:27.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7276" CreationDate="2016-03-24T00:48:37.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Forcing a draw if you find yourself losing -&gt; there is no option of forcing a draw in Limited overs cricket (ODI or T20). only a tie is possible if both the scores are equal. In limited overs day night game if there is dew possible at night the caption will decide to bowl first as the bowlers find it hard to grip the ball later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incase of First Class or Test Cricket. There are lot of factors behind the captain choosing to bat/bowl first. Most important factor would be the pitch. &#xA;In sub continent conditions where the pitches tend to deteriorate as the match progress it will assist the spinners a lot. In that case you wouldnt want to be batting on day 4 or 5. The team will be looking to score more runs on day 1 or 2. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pitch is green and lot of grass or overcast the captain decides to bowl first to make use of the conditions because it will assist the seamers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from the pitch factor the team`s strengths and weakness also plays a part in decision making. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pitchvision.com/reading-the-signs-how-to-decide-whether-to-bat-or-bowl-when-you-win-the-toss#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This link provides an overview&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10968" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T00:48:37.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13365" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-24T05:28:00.767" Score="9" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Chicago Bulls broke the NBA record for most victories in a season during the 1995-96 season. The question is, whose record did they break?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11056" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T12:40:04.633" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:36:13.373" Title="Whose record did the Chicago Bulls team of 1995-96 break?" Tags="|basketball|history|nba|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13365" CreationDate="2016-03-24T06:05:54.557" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=2&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi8kvPy0tjLAhXMVo4KHaP3CWkQFggnMAE&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fbulls%2F&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGw9fKT91pva_Zs9VoFblfPTVc3CQ&amp;amp;sig2=AYt33ag5ZowymG1uNUwspw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Bulls&lt;/a&gt; held the record for most wins in a single NBA season with 72 wins in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=5&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwipw4Os09jLAhWIj44KHaDxBTUQFgg5MAQ&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fhistory%2Fseason%2F19951996.html&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNEytJj1jCrkzmbQFTePktCx3XjaPQ&amp;amp;sig2=UPV3n9Db4RTQSMVxsm655Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995-96 season&lt;/a&gt;, which has since been surpassed by the 2015-2016 Golden State Warriors (with 73 wins).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to that, the record for most number of wins in a single NBA season was held by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/lakers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Los Angeles Lakers&lt;/a&gt; team for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=4&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjD4KTU09jLAhUCVY4KHZG-A5sQFgg4MAM&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fhistory%2Fseasonreviews%2F1971-72%2F&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNEAc1S0U8WjyhqtjNktVHTuBlRpLw&amp;amp;sig2=nJ8vSXwlUo0M0fgqtsO-mQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1971-72 season&lt;/a&gt; with 69 wins. Conincidentally, the Bulls recorded 69 wins in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=4&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjShJei1NjLAhVCaxQKHfN1BWoQFgg0MAM&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fhistory%2Fseasonreviews%2F1996-97%2F&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNECnkBa7jWE2nP1Jf8RbGQlGg9cXw&amp;amp;sig2=TseffREVDdjhuWTNqaaf_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1996-97 season&lt;/a&gt; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top 10 list for total number of wins in a season can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/team_wins.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T20:36:13.373" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:36:13.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13367" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-24T11:20:48.520" Score="3" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/world-t20/match/worldt20-2016/25&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;India vs Bangladesh match&lt;/a&gt; at the 2016 World T20, MS Dhoni, referring to the slow over rate rule, said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I knew that once 20th over started, you can take as much time as&#xA;  possible, you can't get fined for it. I had the luxury of spending a&#xA;  bit of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(reported by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/icc-world-t20-2016/top-stories/Dhoni-plots-Indias-great-escape-in-Bangalore-heartstopper/articleshow/51538576.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Times of India&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Does this rule apply to all ICC cricket, or is it something specific to the World T20?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T12:16:06.510" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T12:16:06.510" Title="Does the slow over rate rule apply only up to the start of the final over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13367" CreationDate="2016-03-24T12:10:46.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see nothing in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/56bb2a65a7f53-Men&amp;#39;s%20World%20T20%20Playing%20Conditions%20Clean%20Copy%20090216.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ICC World Twenty20 2016 Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; which would support Dhoni's comment. The over rate regulations are defined Law 16.2 and and simply say that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The actual over rate will be calculated at the end of the match by the umpires&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and make no mention of anything like &quot;the time taken shall only be up to the start of the final over&quot;. It is possibly worth noting that the World T20 regulations do include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;an additional allowance of 1 minute will be given for each of the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th wickets taken during an innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so India will have been given an allowance of three minutes for the wickets which did fall in the last over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T12:10:46.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13371" CreationDate="2016-03-24T15:13:08.970" Score="3" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other than a run out, is there a way in cricket where a player is but the team gets a run? I'm asking this as I once saw &quot;W+1&quot; on a scoresheet and wondered how that was possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T15:58:52.600" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T15:58:52.600" Title="Other than a run out, how can a player be dismissed when a run is scored?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13370" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-24T15:18:31.340" Score="2" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing baseball my entire life and I just thought of this question... if a pitcher is ambidextrous (can throw with both arms), is he/she able to switch throwing arms in the middle of an inning, game, or in between pitches? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that switch-hit batters are allowed to switch to the other side of home-plate at anytime before the pitcher is ready to pitch, but can the pitcher do the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some pitchers like Billy Wagner had custom gloves made that had 6 finger slots so that he was able to use the glove on both hands at any given time, but when he pitched in games it was either left or right and not both.  Also, Billy could throw over 90 mph with both arms.  I mean if you have that god given ability why worry about changing your arm slot to try and trick the batter's view when you could just throw with the other arm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T15:18:31.340" Title="Can a pitcher switch throwing arms at any time during an inning, or in between pitches?" Tags="|rules|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-03-24T15:34:30.867" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13369" CreationDate="2016-03-24T15:53:55.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you've noted, the most common way for this to occur is a run out while attempting a second (or later) run, but there are a number of other ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A batsman being out stumped or hit wicket from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wide ball&lt;/a&gt; - see clause 16. For a recent example of a stumping from a wide, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/951353.html?innings=2;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;India vs Bangladesh in the 2016 World T20&lt;/a&gt;:  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.3 Raina to Sabbir Rahman, 1 wide, OUT, oooh, Dhoni goes up for a stumping and he is very quick with those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A batsman being out &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-33-handled-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;handled the ball&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hit the ball twice&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;obstructing the field&lt;/a&gt; from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;no ball&lt;/a&gt; - see clause 24.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A batsman being out hit the ball twice or obstructing the field after having completed a run. (Hit the ball twice is even more unlikely than most of these as it cannot happen after a fielder touches the ball, but I think it could happen in some very convoluted circumstances).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T15:53:55.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13373" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-25T15:12:05.090" Score="7" ViewCount="1579" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't the sum of all net run rates of the teams in a round robin be 0 at any point of time? What could be the reason for a net positive NRR? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11060" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T18:05:51.047" Title="Net run rate in Cricket round robin" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13377" CreationDate="2016-03-25T17:21:41.980" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clericus_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Clericus Cup&lt;/a&gt; is a football association of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Colleges&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Roman Colleges&lt;/a&gt; and seminaries in and around Rome. This new &quot;league&quot; was stated in 2007 with the encouragement of the Vatican and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarcisio_Bertone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cardinal Bertone&lt;/a&gt; in particular. What is interesting is the use of the blue card instead of the now standard yellow and red cards. Can anyone tell me what was the original inspiration of this usage or at least point me into the right direction to follow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-02T16:55:23.157" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T16:55:23.157" Title="What is the original inspiration for the use of the blue card in the &quot;Clericus Cup&quot; football association?" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13373" CreationDate="2016-03-25T18:05:51.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is easy to understand this with some Mathematics. Since this is Sports.SE, I will present an informal Mathematical explanation rather than a rigorous one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider there are 5 teams in the Round Robin group. Then the sum of their net run rates is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ORqFb.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ORqFb.gif&quot; alt=&quot;sum of net run rates&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EVCmR.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EVCmR.gif&quot; alt=&quot;legend&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is equivalent to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O4wGm.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O4wGm.gif&quot; alt=&quot;equivalent equation&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is clearly not equal to the following expression (which is what your question is probably alluding to):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y9xo0.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y9xo0.gif&quot; alt=&quot;not the equation for net run rate&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above expression, however, will always equal zero, because (a) the total number of runs scored equals the total number of runs conceded, and (b) the total number of balls faced equals the total number of balls bowled. However, that is not what happens when you calculate the sum of net run rates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other sports such as football, the sum of goals scored and goals conceded by all the teams in a table will be equal, but that doesn't happen with the net run rates in cricket since there is &lt;em&gt;division&lt;/em&gt; involved, and not just simple addition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For convenient reference, below is an actual points table as an example. It is the points table from Group 2 of the Super 10 stage of ICC World T20 2016 at the end of 25 March 2016. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HQTwc.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HQTwc.png&quot; alt=&quot;ICC World T20 Super 10 - Group 2 Points Table after Australia v/s Pakistan match&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-03-25T18:05:51.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13375" CreationDate="2016-03-25T23:28:26.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In  Clericus Cup the blue card is show in those situations &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.clericuscup.it/Index.aspx?idmenu=3595&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(see art 6)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;tripping, withholding or other foul on an opponent who is going to score a goal;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;voluntary stopping the ball with arm on a direct goal shot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;voluntary stopping the ball with arm, including the goalkeeper if outside the box, on opponent going to score a goal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who receives a blue card is suspended from the match for 5 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Sportivo_Italiano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Italian CSI&lt;/a&gt; (alternative organisation to the most important and official FISG) has organized in 2007 the first Clericus Cup and also tested the blue card for the first time (in addition to the traditional red and yellow ones).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea was probably &quot;copied&quot; from ice hockey's temporary ban and is applied to unsportsmanlike fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T08:10:45.287" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T08:10:45.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13378" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13577" CreationDate="2016-03-26T09:41:13.420" Score="4" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thinking of a traditional shot from the baseline, if the player has enough time to be able to hit the ball after the rebound in a higher position or lower one, what are advantages and disadvantages in the next shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T10:54:11.927" Title="Difference between hit the tennis ball in different positions" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5687" CreationDate="2016-03-26T09:57:11.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each racket is distinguished by the following characteristics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;weight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;balance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hardness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  A lighter racquet allows greater ease and speed of movement. However, for hitting the shots, a light racquet requires greater effort on the the arm. Otherwise, a heavier racquet offers more power on the ball, without affecting the arm as much as a light racquet. A good choice should be to choose the racket with the maximum weight the player can manage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Balancing&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The more the racket is balanced on his head, the more this will promote the power of the shot (think especially smash and service). Nevertheless, this type of racket bears more intensely on the wrist. A balanced racquet towards the handle, however, allows a very accurate control of the ball and easier on the wrist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hardness of the frame&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  A racquet with a more elastic frame favors the offensive game, giving more power to the shots and the best defense on smash. However, a stiffer racquet is characterized by a better control of the ball and more accurate hit. Moreover, the choice of the racket frame, it should also be considered the type of ball to be used: if the ball is hard, we advise you to use a rigid plate. Conversely, if the ball is soft or as much used, we recommend using a softer racquet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The racket should be chosen thinking of the characteristics of the player&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T09:57:11.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10580" CreationDate="2016-03-26T16:17:35.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key here is that there's a difference between &quot;ball in hand&quot; and &quot;ball in hand behind the head string&quot;. &quot;Ball in hand&quot; means the ball can go anywhere on the table and be shot at any (legal) ball on the table, regardless of location. &quot;Ball in hand behind the head string&quot; means that the cue ball must be placed behind the head string. In the latter, the ball may not be shot directly at another ball behind the head string, but must cross the head string first and be ricocheted/caromed back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if you have &quot;ball in hand&quot; and choose to place the cue ball behind the head string, it doesn't suddenly change to &quot;ball in hand behind the head string&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you review the 8-ball rules, the only time that a foul results in &quot;ball in hand behind the head string&quot; is when there is a foul on the break. So the scenario you describe is unlikely, since there will be lots of balls on the table and purposefully committing a foul on the break would likely give your opponent lots to shoot at (though not those behind the head string).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant info is in Rule 1.5 of the rules you linked to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.5 Cue Ball in Hand &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;When the cue ball is in hand, the shooter may place the cue ball anywhere on the playing surface&lt;/strong&gt; (see 8.1 Parts of the Table) and may continue to move the cue ball until he executes a shot. (See definition 8.2 Shot.) Players may use any part of the cue stick to move the cue ball, including the tip, but not with a forward stroke motion. &lt;strong&gt;In some games and for most break shots, placement of the cue ball may be restricted to the area behind the head string depending on the rules of the game, and then 6.10 Bad Cue Ball Placement and 6.11 Bad Play from Behind the Head String may apply.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the shooter has the cue ball in hand behind the head string and all the legal object balls are behind the head string, he may request the legal object ball nearest the head string to be spotted.  If two or more balls are equal distance from the head string, the shooter may designate which of the equidistant balls is to be spotted. An object ball that rests exactly on the head string is playable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T16:17:35.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14572" CreationDate="2016-03-27T07:00:44.657" Score="6" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that someone called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Fadrhonc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Frantisek Fadrhonc&lt;/a&gt; was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_national_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/a&gt; coach from 1970 to 1974 but, for some reason, he was replaced by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinus_Michels&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rinus Michels&lt;/a&gt; 4 weeks before the 1974 World Cup. I couldn't find any data about why he quit or why he was fired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is curious that, AFAIK, he seems to be forgotten and he didn't receive any credit for the formation of that historic &quot;Orange Clockwork&quot; team, while Rinus Michel is highly recognized, despite he &quot;only&quot; coached the team during the World Cup and quit the job immediately after.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9933" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T09:34:41.040" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T14:01:08.230" Title="Why wasn't Frantisek Fadrhonc the coach of Netherlands during 1974 FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13383" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13385" CreationDate="2016-03-27T11:20:39.800" Score="-2" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was shocked when I saw umpires making decisions for Run out/Stumped without a third umpire in classic matches. So how do umpires make these decisions without a third umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11071" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T08:02:43.910" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T20:28:09.267" Title="How do umpires make decisions without a third umpire?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13383" CreationDate="2016-03-27T12:57:58.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same way they did before the existence of the third umpire, the same way that the vast majority of cricket is played.&#xA;The officials learn the laws and best practice for umpiring. Then they pay attention to the game at hand and make observation of the events, determine a course of action based on combination of all the previous points, and effect a decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-03-27T12:57:58.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13388" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13412" CreationDate="2016-03-27T23:32:52.303" Score="9" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Syracuse-Virginia Elite 8 game today and a player on Virginia tipped the ball into his own basket. The announcers mentioned the points would likely be credited to Syracuse player Trevor Cooney (who was closest to the play), but then one of them mentioned that it should be counted as a &quot;team basket&quot;, but that &quot;they never do that anymore&quot;. What is the rule on a team basket? Is there even such a thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9627" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T14:37:32.757" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:37:32.757" Title="What is a team basket in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="476" CreationDate="2016-03-28T04:04:06.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional leagues, where roster depth is important (compared with youth, college, men's league or lower division play), the use of a formation that trains itself to count on a sweeper is avoided because the team's success relies too much on the health/suspension status of a single player. Usually, the sweeper is an elite player that can not easily be substituted in and out of the lineup, without detriment to the entire team. If a pro team could ever acquire two (tall) natural sweepers, you'd see them both play as centre back, but they'd play it with one forward (the push) and one back (the sweep). The push sweeps the midfield and joins the attack, but also must double back and collapse behind sweeper when necessary. The sweep plays the offside trap, and directs the three other backs, getting them to push and collapse according to vision of attacking threats, challenging any through ball.&#xA;I once played sweep where we lost our number one goalie, and my coach asked me to no longer allow a single shot on net. Finally becoming a true libero, the position became easier to play, and we dominated other teams, but only the push played an offensive attacking role, never the sweep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11076" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T04:04:06.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13383" CreationDate="2016-03-28T12:55:54.503" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually they to consult both the team players which are involve in that specific run-out. They ask both the team players and they discuss it if there is a voting tie or any doubt it goes with the batsman. Usually you hear a line from commentators that the doubt will be in the favor of batsman. For Six or Four they need to ask the audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11077" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T12:55:54.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4730" CreationDate="2016-03-28T17:20:29.500" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am sure I saw a Lancshire Yorshire T20 friendly at Old Trafford before the competition started properly in 2003. Can't find an evidence of it yet though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11078" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T17:20:29.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13383" CreationDate="2016-03-28T20:28:09.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpire makes the decision. Whatever the umpire decides whether it is wrong or right has to be accepted, so basically the umpire's ruling is final. The umpire is trained to spot run outs so MOST of the decisions they make are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11079" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T20:28:09.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13397" CreationDate="2016-03-29T12:37:06.367" Score="4" ViewCount="2210" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a cricket match can the captain of the fielding team change the bowler during the over, for any reason aside from  necessity (like injury)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3673" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-03-30T06:15:30.173" LastActivityDate="2019-08-13T12:48:44.013" Title="During the over can captain change the bowler?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13402" CreationDate="2016-03-29T12:37:36.797" Score="18" ViewCount="3129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder, are there any sports that started as a women's sport and in a later period played by men (and accepted widely)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe all major sports I know was initially male-oriented (or at least first few games played by men), then later women started to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-03T12:31:41.963" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T07:13:42.340" Title="Are there any sports that started as a women's sport?" Tags="|trivia|history|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13395" CreationDate="2016-03-29T12:40:19.247" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. At the time of the question, this was covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20170702061242/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.7(a)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other than at the end of an innings, a bowler shall finish an over in progress unless he is incapacitated or is suspended under any of the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the 2017 rewrite of the Laws, this is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-over&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17.7.1&lt;/a&gt;; the wording is essentially identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-08-13T12:48:44.013" LastActivityDate="2019-08-13T12:48:44.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13398" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13400" CreationDate="2016-03-29T13:23:54.103" Score="3" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a goal kick have to be specifically be from the edge of the goal area, or can it just be anywhere inside the area? I've seen goalies taking them from somewhat inside the area, so I wondered if this was actually how it works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9654" LastEditorUserId="9275" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T15:42:16.497" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T22:38:11.483" Title="Does a goal kick have to be specifically be from the edge of the goal area or can it just be anywhere inside the area?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13396" CreationDate="2016-03-29T13:37:34.040" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming&quot;&gt;Synchronised swimming&lt;/a&gt; was exclusively a women's sport from its first appearance at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_World_Aquatics_Championships#Synchronised_swimming&quot;&gt;World Aquatics Championships in 1973&lt;/a&gt; until &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronised_swimming_at_the_2015_World_Aquatics_Championships&quot;&gt;2015 when mixed duet categories&lt;/a&gt; were introducted. The earlier (pre-1954) history of synchronised swimming does include male participation, but for many years it was a female only activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T13:37:34.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13398" CreationDate="2016-03-29T15:44:23.847" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A goal kick &lt;strong&gt;MUST&lt;/strong&gt; be taken from within the &lt;em&gt;goal area&lt;/em&gt; (note that this is the &quot;six yard box&quot;, not the &quot;eighteen yard box&quot;, formally called the &lt;em&gt;penalty area&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-goal-kick/chapters/the-goal-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 16 - The Goal Kick, 1. &lt;em&gt;The Procedure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball must be stationary and is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player of the defending team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball is in play when it leaves the penalty area&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Opponents must be outside the penalty area until the ball is in play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are further details about what can and cannot happen during or after completing a goal kick in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-goal-kick/chapters/the-goal-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 16 - 2. &lt;em&gt;Infringements and Sanctions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/the-goal-area&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 1 - The Field of Play, 5. &lt;em&gt;The Goal Area&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dictates the dimensions of the goal area as: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for 5.5m (6yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T22:38:11.483" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T22:38:11.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10764" CreationDate="2016-03-29T16:10:24.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't any substantial difference between indoor and outdoor climbing shoes. In general people use more comfortable shoes during indoor training sessions, often could be an old worn-out laceless pair.&#xA;I agree with @Robert, don't invest too much money in your first pair of climbing shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11081" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T16:10:24.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13396" CreationDate="2016-03-29T20:56:10.853" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Netball&lt;/a&gt; as a sport was developed exclusively for women (who couldn't be expected to run in long skirts, and therefore couldn't play basketball; this is the origin of the no-running-with-ball rule).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-30T06:15:01.140" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T06:15:01.140" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2016-03-30T06:08:01.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also in curling is possible to find some matches where father and son play in the same match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&amp;amp;dat=19370227&amp;amp;id=_KRQAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;sjid=FSIEAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;pg=3888,113348&amp;amp;hl=it&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article from Milwakee Journal (date 27 feb 1937!)&lt;/a&gt; there is the news where in two matches there where fathers and sons: George La Marre played versus his sons William, Edwards and Charles and on another rink Lachman MacDonald played with his son Bruce&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On november 2011, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sootoday.com/local-sports/father-and-son-face-off-in-world-cup-of-curling-final-137624&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; the famous Glenn Howard played versus his son Scott&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eFMwB.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eFMwB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Glenn and Scott Howard&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T06:08:01.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-30T14:10:53.860" Score="5" ViewCount="1292" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently saw Sierra Leone beat Gabon in the qualifying competition for the African Cup of Nations 2017. Gabon and Sierra Leone are in qualifying group I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32204840&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;But Gabon are the hosts of AfCON 2017&lt;/a&gt;, so they get automatic qualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why are Gabon in the qualifiers, if they have already qualified?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can any other teams qualify from group I?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are qualifying games against Gabon the same as any other qualifying game?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've looked on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/qcan2017/home&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the official AfCON&lt;/a&gt; site but it seems to treat Gabon like any other team in the qualifiers, and I can't find any explanation elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://awoko.org/2016/03/30/sierra-leone-sports-sierra-leone-defeat-gabon-narrowly/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I read on a Sierra Leone news site that points against Gabon don't count&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The match was part of the 2017 African Cup of Nations (AFCON) group I qualifying schedule but didn’t count towards qualification as Gabon are hosting the finals in January&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...but that appears to be contradicted by the official table, which &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; include Sierra Leone's three points from beating Gabon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zNHWw.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zNHWw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'm confused about how this works. Can no-one else qualify from group I? Or are the Gabon-related points deducted and the highest-finishing team excluding Gabon qualifies? Or was the Sierra Leone news site wrong and it's simply the top team in the Group I (excluding Gabon) who qualify? Or something else? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And why are Gabon in a qualifying group in the first place when they have automatic qualification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5010" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-03-30T22:21:13.437" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T04:12:23.093" Title="Why are Gabon playing in the African Cup of Nations 2017 qualifiers when they're hosts and how will group I work?" Tags="|rules|football|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13405" CreationDate="2016-03-30T14:18:09.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gabon national team is qualified because of nation host.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team was insert in Group I and has played friendly against other team of the same Group&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Africa_Cup_of_Nations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has insert Gabon in the Group A of qualified teams:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;The host nation team will also be drawn into a group and will play games against those in that group; however, these matches will only be considered as friendlies and not counted for the standings.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Qualification criteria are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;strong&gt;winner team&lt;/strong&gt; for each Group will be qualified for AFC2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;strong&gt;two best second teams&lt;/strong&gt; for each 4-team composed Group (so not group I and group G) can be qualified by rankings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T14:31:38.743" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-30T18:23:07.197" Score="3" ViewCount="1134" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is done to worn out balls? Are they recycled, reused or do they end up in the landfill?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11089" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T19:40:34.260" Title="What is done to used balls in cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-03-31T11:51:58.283" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13408" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-30T18:28:16.583" Score="8" ViewCount="1128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did any such incident happen? What are the rules if a ball breaks during play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11089" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T07:54:41.070" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T07:51:19.407" Title="Did any cricket ball ever break during an international cricket match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13408" CreationDate="2016-03-30T19:36:53.203" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on your definition of &quot;break&quot; it has happened frequently: the ball can get out of shape, overly wet or come apart at the seams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5, part 5&lt;/a&gt; covers what happens in such cases: the ball is replaced by one of similar wear and tear. The umpires will check the ball regularly to keep an idea of its condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also be damaged illegally, as described by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 42, part 3&lt;/a&gt;. A different set of processes is used and there may be penalties applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T04:18:17.357" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T04:18:17.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13407" CreationDate="2016-03-30T19:40:34.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket balls when they have been used in matches are generally kept by teams to be used as spare balls should the ball need to be changed as it has been damaged or lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are not suitable for this or if enough spares are around players and coaches will keep them for practice use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once they are no good at all even for practice, I have seen a number of uses from knocking in bats, dogs toys etc.  They would normally be thrown in the ordinary rubbish as I am not aware of anyone that could recycle a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that I've never thrown a ball away and I have played for 5 years and umpired for 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T19:40:34.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13388" CreationDate="2016-03-30T19:44:59.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Huh, this is a tricky one to actually try to look up due to the terms used. I can't find an instance of the term in the NBA or NCAA rules. However, I'm nearly positive a &quot;team basket&quot; is usually noted when &lt;strong&gt;it's not clear who scored the basket&lt;/strong&gt;, such as when multiple players on a team tip a shot in. In that case, no individual is attributed with scoring the basket and it's counted as a &lt;strong&gt;team basket&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this specific case, &lt;em&gt;no player on the actual team gaining points scored&lt;/em&gt;, hence why it could be called a &quot;team basket&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This used to be a lot more common before the heyday of instant replays that allow the statisticians to run back the play in slo-mo to see who actually scored. In cases where it's close, you'll often see players raise their hand after the score to claim the basket, particularly in the NBA. Most players don't seem to really care who gets the stats attributed in those instances. This is why the announcer said it should be counted as a &quot;team basket&quot;, but it's a rarely tracked stat anymore. Really up to the stat keepers for a given team if they want to track it, but it doesn't really tell you much, so most teams/organizations probably don't bother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T19:44:59.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13343" CreationDate="2016-03-30T19:49:30.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the offside line is only the goal line in this case, any player on or behind the goal line may tackle the player who has taken the penalty and stop a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T19:49:30.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13414" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13421" CreationDate="2016-03-31T03:43:14.057" Score="13" ViewCount="5797" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern baseball, the players always run around the bases counterclockwise (anticlockwise).  However, a book written in the 1830's - one of the first to describe the version of the sport we know today - which lays out the rules of the game, says that at that time, players would run around the bases clockwise (&lt;em&gt;The Book of Sports&lt;/em&gt;, Robin Carver, 1834).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When and why did baseball players begin to run the bases solely in a counterclockwise direction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T06:40:28.097" Title="When and why did baseball players start exclusively running the bases counterclockwise?" Tags="|rules|baseball|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13408" CreationDate="2016-03-31T10:48:18.947" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, Same as above if the ball tears out then the umpires will change the ball with the ball with the same condition. Moreover, i remember a test match of pakistan playing against west indies. The ball wear out and the umpires changed he ball in the 5 over of the match. So, Yes if ball wears out ball will be changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11077" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T10:48:18.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13418" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-31T12:29:29.653" Score="5" ViewCount="12947" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do tennis players go off court for a break before the next set when a set concludes after an even number of games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11095" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T12:49:45.487" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T18:12:49.203" Title="Do tennis players go off court for a break before the next set after an even number of games?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13418" CreationDate="2016-03-31T12:49:01.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leave the court for a break is not expected during tennis matches even if the previous set was very long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can happened that a very long match is interrupped by the umpire because of the hours (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Isner-Mahut match details&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different from what are you asking is the break ask by the tennis player because of a little injury (eg blisters) or to go to the toilet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T13:17:03.900" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T13:17:03.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13414" CreationDate="2016-03-31T14:42:51.130" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When?&lt;/strong&gt; This evolved over time to what we know in modern baseball today. The first known time the players were instructed to run counterclockwise was in 1839 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=gUNXAwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA40&amp;amp;dq=it+is+here+The+Book+of+Sports,+Robin+Carver&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjljabXjuvLAhVMFx4KHROEDC0Q6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=it%20is%20here%20The%20Book%20of%20Sports%2C%20Robin%20Carver&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;page 40&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Early Professional Baseball and the Sporting Press&lt;/em&gt;, R. Terry Furst, 2014).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One mandate regarding running counterclockwise in the MLB was made after Herman Schaefer stole first from second&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/08/there-once-was-a-major-league-baseball-player-who-stole-first-from-second/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. This is covered under Rule 5.09(b)(10) of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After he has acquired legal possession of a base, he runs the bases in&#xA;reverse order for the purpose of confusing the defense or making a&#xA;travesty of the game. The umpire shall immediately call “Time” and&#xA;declare the runner out;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://research.sabr.org/journals/counterclockwise-sport&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; dives into factors that can be summarized by stating that the game of baseball developed into what it is today because the general population is predominately right-handed. This, as a result, influenced specializing skills such as switch hitting and left-handed batting rather than by default (ie, clockwise baserunning, a mirror image of what we know today).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few quotes from said article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clockwise baserunning, therefore, would necessitate that most fielders&#xA;would have to turn before they threw the ball ...&#xA;Since a majority of the population would find it easier to throw&#xA;without first turning, and to swing the bat right-handed,&#xA;counterclockwise baserunning gradually prevailed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the environment of the game can influence skills that can be&#xA;learned. Professional baseball evolved with batters standing on either&#xA;side of the pitcher-catcher axis. ... The&#xA;left-handed batter stands closer to first base, and this provides his&#xA;team with an offensive advantage. He can both reach first more&#xA;quickly, and block the catcher's view of the runner on first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball developed in a manner favoring the very specialized skill of&#xA;right-handed throwing, and the less-specialized technique of&#xA;left-handed hitting. Most ball-players at all positions throw&#xA;right-handed; many bat left-handed, however, and there have been very&#xA;few hitters indeed who bat right and throw left. Because of the&#xA;necessity for speed in throwing, there have been no regular, longtime&#xA;southpaws at C, 2B, SS, or 3B in this century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T19:48:20.973" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13418" CreationDate="2016-03-31T23:58:24.147" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/Improve-Your-Game/Rules/Rulings/Changeovers/&quot;&gt;USTA rule&lt;/a&gt; for Changeovers have the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;90 sec changeover break between odd games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;120 sec changeover break between sets (regardless if the set ended even)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A bathroom break can be taken at anytime but it is preferred it during a changeover and the duration is reasonable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For ATP the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/files/rulebook/2016/2016-atp-rulebook_chapter-vii.pdf&quot;&gt;Rule book&lt;/a&gt; has the following for a toilet break (90/120sec rules also apply as above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VII. THE COMPETITION&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O. Toilet Break&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) A player may be permitted to leave the court for a toilet break. A player is entitled&#xA;  to one (1) toilet break during a best of three set match and two (2) toilet breaks&#xA;  during a best of five set match. Toilet breaks should be taken on a set break and&#xA;  can be used for no other purpose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does come down to the specific organisation running the game but generally the rules are consistent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Injury is more detailed and depends on its severity, but I would not call that so much as a 'break'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T23:58:24.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10506" CreationDate="2016-04-01T09:43:16.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The record is actually 4 errors one one play - by one player! Committed by a Giants 3rd baseman named Mike Grady in 1899. The specifics of fhd unfortunate play are explained right here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://phillysportshistory.com/2011/05/15/grady-commits-4-errors-in-one-play-then-saves-women-and-children-from-deadly-fire/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://phillysportshistory.com/2011/05/15/grady-commits-4-errors-in-one-play-then-saves-women-and-children-from-deadly-fire/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11100" LastActivityDate="2016-04-01T09:43:16.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-01T11:45:48.737" Score="6" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldonium#Doping&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Meldonium&lt;/a&gt; has been considered a drug used for doping since Jan 1, 2016 and many athletes that used this drug in the past and did not stop have tested positive for it and have been disqualified or banned from their sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: why are these athletes almost exclusively from East Europe (Russia mostly) and why were they using this &quot;medicine&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11098" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T00:05:35.030" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T14:00:01.407" Title="Why meldonium &quot;almost&quot; only in East Europe?" Tags="|tennis|cycling|track-and-field|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13271" CreationDate="2016-04-01T13:15:03.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before 6/7 years old it is better to play tennis as a game (differences between january and december are significative, the development is not regular in early-years).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around 10 years old is possible to take part to tournaments to understand the level of the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before USTA website it is better to follow a tennis school were professional trainer that works daily on young player can give you an idea n the level&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11098" LastActivityDate="2016-04-01T13:15:03.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-04-02T09:15:52.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can confirm &lt;a href=&quot;http://swimsafetydevice.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;swimsafety&lt;/a&gt; and I add a picture to understand better &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MP6XZ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MP6XZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;swimsafety&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I discover a new item that can help in open water swimming:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theswimit.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lifebelt&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZRL0i.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZRL0i.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;lifebelt_closed&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ikyS9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ikyS9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;lifebelt_opening&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are all commercial links but I cannot explain it exactly in a different way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T09:15:52.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13430" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-02T17:09:01.880" Score="2" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do Benetton Treviso and Zebre Parma do not play in &lt;em&gt;Italian Eccellenza&lt;/em&gt; (the most important national league) and play abroad in Pro12 League with teams from Great Britain and Ireland?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The winner of &lt;em&gt;Eccellenza&lt;/em&gt; is the national champion team or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2016-05-04T20:57:21.830" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T21:36:21.763" Title="Why Benetton Treviso and Zebre Parma plays Pro12 League?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13430" CreationDate="2016-04-02T17:20:52.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the same reason that the top Welsh, Irish and Scottish teams play in the Pro12: because it's a higher standard of play, giving entry to things like the European Cup. As such, there isn't really a &quot;national champion&quot;, just as there isn't in Wales, Ireland or Scotland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T17:20:52.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13959" CreationDate="2016-04-02T18:22:19.583" Score="6" ViewCount="601" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/129730-what-is-formula-e-everything-you-need-to-know-and-why-it-will-change-the-world&quot;&gt;http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/129730-what-is-formula-e-everything-you-need-to-know-and-why-it-will-change-the-world&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The car's weight is limited to 896kg which includes the driver and a maximum of 320kg worth of batteries. All this results in a 0-62mph time of 3 seconds and a maximum FIA limited speed of 225km/h which is 140mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, I wonder why there is a speed limit for Formula E, while there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120915213438AAteoGZ&quot;&gt;none for Formula 1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T13:00:54.983" Title="Why are Formula E cars limited at 225kph (140mph) by the FIA?" Tags="|rules|formula-e|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13433" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-04-02T18:22:44.570" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-04-02T18:22:44.570" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T18:22:44.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13434" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-04-02T18:22:44.570" Score="0" Body="Formula E, officially the FIA Formula E Championship, is a class of auto racing that uses only electric-powered cars." OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2016-04-03T21:02:53.373" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T21:02:53.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12632" CreationDate="2016-04-02T22:16:24.237" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball to be playable on other side, needs to go to the other side partially on the outside of playing area (that is at least partially above the antenna or further away from the court to the side) both on the way out (first hit) AND on the way back in (second hit). This would answer your comment to the accepted response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the third hit needs to be totally in the playing area (between the antenna completely and not at all above the antenna, as this is equivalent to a ball hit out (it it was lower it would touch the antenna). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10871" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T22:16:24.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13437" CreationDate="2016-04-03T10:07:14.013" Score="9" ViewCount="1631" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 15 and I want to practice soccer. So I searched for training projects and I've found 2 of them. But I don't have any friends at home, only at school. I've tried to go to those projects alone but I returned back, I don't know why, probably scared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my only chance is to practice by myself. How can I practice soccer with just a ball, no equipments? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11106" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T14:41:09.110" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:41:09.110" Title="How do you practice soccer effectively alone?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13436" CreationDate="2016-04-03T11:10:47.543" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicine ball&lt;/strong&gt; such as 3kg for an adult and 1-2kg for adolescent is an awesome investment to improve your balance, patience and leg-eye coordination technique. Learn to balance on top of the medicine ball to work on your core, vital to fast turns and more advanced shots in soccer. Learn to keep the medicine ball on your leg and then proceed to real ball -- it is extremely motivating to see how fast you develop your technique!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you cannot afford medicine ball, put a rock inside a styrofoam or tape and do your ball with some weight. Also experiment with some physics and put the weights on the exterior of the styrofoam and you realise that you are able to get a ball of similar properties as earlier with the weight in the middle but less weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My favourite thing while training alone is to use Medicine balls. You can use them for weight training, for technique, for massage, for anything creative -- go to a silent basement and learn to stand on top of medicine ball while getting support from the wall is one of the wow effect: little by little you learn new things and suddenly you realise how awesome you are getting in your technique proceeding from your basement to the fields.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Motivate yourself with awesome things such as&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Freestyle Football: a lot of technique training, youtube with a lot of videos such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PsX2SzRP4k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Balls of different weight: developing coordination and balance is easier with heavier balls because mass has its slowness, more mass so more force needed to adjust the ball -- my favourite are Medicine Balls such as 1,2,3,4 kg&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Balls of different sizes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The good thing in medicine ball is that they are timeless.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever your age, you can find them. You can find medicine balls of different weights and they don't get old. 1kg ball is awesome after an intensive game to relax your muscles. 1kg ball is equally awesome for a kid to feel his/her muscles better in his/her legs. If a child is not ready for 1kg ball, have an orange in a picnic or play some other round thing on April's fools day with your children. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Improving ligaments and joints early can safely be done in many other ways. The ways contain gymnastic, yoga, skateboarding, surfing, horse riding, dancing as well as balancing with medicine balls. Choose a method you like most and combine freely together as you wish. And remember to drink a lot of water so your joints, ligaments and bones are more resilient and no injuries in trying new things. Have fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T14:40:57.950" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T14:40:57.950" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13438" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13439" CreationDate="2016-04-03T11:29:20.270" Score="3" ViewCount="2061" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball goes behind the batsman, and then goes over the wickets without touching the wickets, then is it a wide ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-03T11:45:37.340" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T11:45:37.340" Title="Is a ball which passes behind the batsman and over the stumps a wide?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13438" CreationDate="2016-04-03T11:44:02.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this would not a wide ball. A wide is defined by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 25&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the bowler bowls a ball [...] the umpire shall adjudge it a Wide if [...] in his opinion the ball passes wide of the striker where he is &lt;strong&gt;and which also would have passed wide of him standing in a normal guard position&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). A striker standing in a normal guard position would be able to play a ball which passes over the stumps, so this is not a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T11:44:02.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="543" CreationDate="2016-04-03T15:39:15.447" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.  The offended team wins each inning of play by the minimum number of runs required to win that inning which is 1 run.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11108" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T15:39:15.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6905" CreationDate="2016-04-03T16:04:28.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Conrad Harrison and his son Dean Harrison both won TT titles in the same week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Isle_of_Man_TT&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With his father Conrad Harrison winning the Sidecar Race 1 and Dean Harrison's Lightweight win this was the first occasion of father/son winners in different classes during the same race week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11109" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T14:08:32.013" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T14:08:32.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13448" CreationDate="2016-04-04T19:54:15.697" Score="6" ViewCount="613" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just bought tickets for the 2016 Copa America Centenario Argentina vs Chile game at the Levi Stadium in Santa Clara California. My question is, how do I know which direction the players will be lining up to sing the national anthem? I don't want to be staring at the back of their heads o want to be facing them, and I need to know which side of the stadium I would have to be sitting at. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11119" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-07T06:47:13.733" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T08:46:33.200" Title="How do I know which direction the players will be lining up to sing the national anthem?" Tags="|football|venues|copa-america|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2016-04-05T00:25:20.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shinguards came about because soccer used to be played literally with boots, big huge things, and the preferred method of kicking the ball was with the toe.  If you missed, you kicked the shins.  That changed in about 1950 with the introduction of modern shoes like they use today.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today at anything above fourteen years old it is rare to see a direct hit to the shin.  As an adult I've personally taken a kick to many a bare shin and not been any worse off.  Shinguards are sort of useless.  It stings but its almost impossible to break a shin.  I am much more worried about my ankles and I wear ankle protectors.  Today we still require shinguards as a nod to safety, but they are more ceremonial than not.  This is stated in a soccer book I've read, I forgot which one (Maybe &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B003R4ZG46&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;The Soccer Book: The Sport, the Teams, the Tactics, the Cups&quot;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The light, tiny 'slip in' shinguards are used because they are exactly that, light and small and unlikely to interfere with movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been coaching for 12 years now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11120" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T18:04:03.827" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T18:04:03.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13445" CreationDate="2016-04-05T06:51:47.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the time players will be facing the &lt;strong&gt;main stand&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going with the smaller one of the two long sides as the main stand. &lt;em&gt;But it's a guess!&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Going on the image below you would have to buy tickets in one of the sections going from 131 till 145 (lower tier) or 232-246 (upper tier)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/83Tlr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/83Tlr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T06:51:47.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13454" CreationDate="2016-04-05T08:15:30.493" Score="2" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;We get replays, Hawk-Eye wherein we get to know that the ball was pitch in line or outside leg/off stump. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is having lines drawn in the middle of the pitch from stump to stump a bad idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the umpire will get to know the pitching of the ball very precise with those lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7509" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T11:32:41.470" Title="LBW and aiding umpire" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2016-04-05T11:54:04.287" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13452" CreationDate="2016-04-05T08:43:10.567" Score="6" ViewCount="529" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-8-the-wickets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 8.1&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two sets of wickets shall be pitched opposite and parallel to each&#xA;  other at a distance of 22 yards/20.12 m between the centres of the two&#xA;  middle stumps. Each set shall be 9 in/22.86 cm wide and shall consist&#xA;  of &lt;strong&gt;three wooden stumps with two wooden bails on top&lt;/strong&gt;. See Appendix A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been any recent changes in this law, and if not why are LED stumps allowed in international matches? Are the LED stumps counted as &quot;wooden&quot;, or am I completely missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-05T14:49:09.213" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T14:49:09.213" Title="Are LED stumps allowed by the Laws of Cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13450" CreationDate="2016-04-05T09:21:06.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is allowed by the playing conditions for the specific matches. For example, see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/56bb2a65a7f53-Men&amp;#39;s%20World%20T20%20Playing%20Conditions%20Clean%20Copy%20090216.pdf&quot;&gt;2016 World T20 regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.2 [...] The use of LED wickets is permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T09:21:06.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13449" CreationDate="2016-04-05T11:32:41.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an umpire, it would be a distraction not a help.  We stand with our eyes  generally over middle stump, although this can change if leg stump is particularly important say for a left arm over bowler to a right hander.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The extra lines would act as a distraction and would not help with the decision making process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T11:32:41.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13418" CreationDate="2016-04-05T18:12:49.203" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going off court is one thing, having a changeover is another. You can have a changeover even if there's an even number of games. It would be kind of strange not to give players a rest after playing a full set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, the rules can differ from tournament to tournament and from organizer to organizer. But the standard thing is for the players to have a changeover break at the end of a set, no matter what.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But one thing is for sure: when you do end on an even number at the end of a set, you don't switch sides after you've had a break. That's one thing that will always remain the same no matter in what tournament your playing in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10944" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T18:12:49.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2378" CreationDate="2016-04-06T16:36:52.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There must be an imbalance in your stroke. The most likely being a difference in your arm strokes, or in the degree that you are rolling side-to-side for each arm in freestyle (crawl). Have a look at the way your arms are pulling. Is your right elbow bent more that the left? Is your right arm pulling back as far as the left? Breaststroke kick is also hard to do symmetrically, most people kick or pull further with one leg than the other.&#xA;You can test if it's arms or legs first by swimming with a pool buoy and then kick board to isolate arms and legs and see which is turning you.&#xA;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11133" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T16:36:52.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9185" CreationDate="2016-04-06T17:01:52.693" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I highly recommend Total Immersion Swimming or similar programs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stop kicking hard, it's a waste of energy and oxygen.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;find your natural buoyancy point and swim there. Any effort in swimming UP is not moving you forward. Let you head be all or mostly underwater. Relax.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in freestyle (crawl) your body should be rolling side-to-side with each arm pull, so to breathe you are just rolling your face out of the water, not lifting your head. This helps you maintain natural buoyancy and stops you wasting energy swimming up (to raise your head)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;focus the effort in your arms on moving water behind you, and avoid moving water up, down or to the sides as this wastes energy and creates drag.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep you body as horizontal as possible. If your feet drop just 10 degrees you're fighting against 2-3 times the resistance as when you are perfectly horizontal.&#xA;Swim smooth. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11133" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T17:01:52.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8749" CreationDate="2016-04-06T17:13:21.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aquaskine has it, Total Immersion is awesome. Swimming is one of the lovely things in life where you'll get 10x better by doing it smarter rather than trying harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It breaks down like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most people waste 95% of their energy (and oxygen) swimming up. Find&#xA;your natural buoyancy point and swim there. Usually just below the&#xA;surface with your head down, facing the bottom of the pool.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking is mostly a waste of energy. Kicking is mostly used to help your body rotate. Just 2-6 beats per stroke. Easy and peaceful.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Breathing is done by rolling your head, not lifting it. As you reach your arm out in front of you, roll on your side with each&#xA;stroke. Lifting makes your feet sink and you'll lose momentum and&#xA;sink more, so roll, don't lift.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't push down (in front) or pull up (in back) with your arms as these cause your feet to sink. Bend your elbows to 90' and only pull&#xA;water toward your feet, focusing on forward propulsion only, no&#xA;splash, no wasted energy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11133" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-09-14T04:33:06.283" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T04:33:06.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8953" CreationDate="2016-04-06T17:20:23.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sidestroke can be energy intensive because of the effort required to keep your head and shoulder above water, although the CSS tries to mitigate this. Sidekick creates a lot of drag, basically making the stroke a stop-start affair. If too much of your body is above the water, you are effectively treading water and swimming at the same time. Have you tried freestyle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11133" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T17:20:23.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13466" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-07T10:25:34.213" Score="8" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a football match, one team said that they would replace player A with player B, but they actually replaced player C instead, and continued to play the game. Is it possible that this would result in a forfeit under the FIFA laws?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11135" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-07T12:00:44.033" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T12:00:44.033" Title="Could an incorrect substitution result in a forfeit?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13466" CreationDate="2016-04-07T10:42:47.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This could not be a forfeit under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; as the Laws make no mention of forfeits. So long as the referee (and other officials) are clear as to which player was being substituted, there isn't a problem here - and if the referee wasn't clear as to which player was being substituted, they should not have allowed the substitute to enter the pitch until it was clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T10:42:47.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12484" CreationDate="2016-04-07T19:21:01.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the NFL hasn't had many even occasional one-platoon players in the Super Bowl era, Arena Football was rather popular doing so.  For its first 20 years [1987-2007], most players played offense and defense [it appears it was 8 on a side, only two of which were one-way players (QB+offensive specialist vs 2 defense specialists)].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The league had an Iron Man Award to celebrate the best two-way player.&#xA;Found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arenafootball.com/sports/a-footbl/spec-rel/062212aaf.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.arenafootball.com/sports/a-footbl/spec-rel/062212aaf.html&lt;/a&gt; which lists a committee's 25 greatest of all times.&#xA;Barry Wagner apparently holds both the career records for most receiving yards... and for most fumbles caused?  Not bad!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T19:21:01.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1740" CreationDate="2016-04-07T20:25:54.880" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A real pity there aren't more complete databases out there, we Americans are spoiled with sites like &lt;a href=&quot;http://pro-football-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://basketball-reference.com/&lt;/a&gt; for our sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched and searched.  But only came upon list after list.  But at least a list of a few decent ones could be cobbled together:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The previously noted 1952 Olympics group stage, where USSR came back&#xA;from 5-1 down to Yugoslavia to draw in the final 13 minutes, before&#xA;losing the replay. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianfootballnews.com/ussr-yugoslavia-the-story-of-two-different-football-conceptions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russianfootballnews.com/ussr-yugoslavia-the-story-of-two-different-football-conceptions/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;(or&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/helsinki1952/matches/round=197061/match=32383/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/helsinki1952/matches/round=197061/match=32383/index.html&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2010, Mali came back to draw from 4-0 down in the final 16&#xA;minutes against Angola... in Angola... to open the 2010 Africa Cup of&#xA;Nations. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/01/10/africa.nations.angola.mali/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/01/10/africa.nations.angola.mali/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a couple noteworthy junior internationals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the group stage of the 2003 U17 Championship, Cameroon came back from&#xA;5-0 in the final 20 minutes for a draw! &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cameroon-info.net/stories/0,13091,@,portugal-and-cameroon-go-down-in-u-17-history.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.cameroon-info.net/stories/0,13091,@,portugal-and-cameroon-go-down-in-u-17-history.html&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;And after all that... they were still one goal short of advancing in the&#xA;tournament.  They needed to win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the QF of the 1989 World Youth Championship, Nigeria came back&#xA;from 4-0 down against the USSR to tie the match, and then won the&#xA;shootout. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ezinearticles.com/?Flying-Eagles-of-Nigeria-Create-Football-History-at-Saudi-Arabia-1989&amp;amp;id=5161867&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://ezinearticles.com/?Flying-Eagles-of-Nigeria-Create-Football-History-at-Saudi-Arabia-1989&amp;amp;id=5161867&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But still nothing bigger in senior team play that I could find.  Oh for a searchable database!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T13:01:32.270" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T13:01:32.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13475" CreationDate="2016-04-08T02:55:58.227" Score="7" ViewCount="5650" Body="&lt;p&gt;This may be an Orioles only thing, but I think I've seen it elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between innings, as the Orioles First Baseman (currently Chris Davis) runs off the field, someone from the dugout throws him a ball.  It may be coming from somewhere else, because on TV the camera stays focused on him, and you can't see who throws it.  I'm pretty sure it's the dugout though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has been happening for long enough - and consistently enough - that I'm sure it's a tradition or has some purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know what this is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T11:28:36.180" Title="Throwing Ball From Dugout To First Baseman after inning" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3854" CreationDate="2016-04-08T03:45:01.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I envisioned three possible values of draft picks: better player talent, cheaper pay, and increasing options for the future.&#xA;The main negatives of uncertainty in player development and the time needed to develop.&#xA;But had really no great idea on how to weigh them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I came across some great articles, particularly &lt;a href=&quot;http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-much-is-winning-the-nba-draft-lottery-really-worth/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-much-is-winning-the-nba-draft-lottery-really-worth/&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.82games.com/barzilai1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.82games.com/barzilai1.htm&lt;/a&gt;, that helped clear the picture more.  They really narrowed it down to simply how much cheaper a drafted player's results are compared to the same results from free agency.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Averaging from 538's table of net profit per pick... it appears that as of 2014, a random first round draft pick was a gain of about $13 million dollars salary over 5 seasons on average, or about $2.6 million per season.  Which is about 4% of a team's cap (now ~ $3.1 million, next year probably near $4 million).  Second round picks are worth probably at most $1.5 mill/yr based upon the graphs, probably less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So... &lt;strong&gt;if&lt;/strong&gt; the interest is trying to be good, it looks like $3 mill this year would bump you around 20-40 players by salary this year... or allow you to improve one player by just under 1/4 of the league's talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To upgrade from about the cheapest end starting salary (#150 = 4.3 mill) to a max contract (this year 1st year = $18.5-26 mill based on experience, higher for certain players) you'd need the benefit of about 5-7 average draft picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So then looking into the Celtics... based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/blog/boston/celtics/post/_/id/4716912/bostons-pile-of-draft-picks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://espn.go.com/blog/boston/celtics/post/_/id/4716912/bostons-pile-of-draft-picks&lt;/a&gt;, you'll gain 5 more extra first round draft picks by the 2017 Draft... so in theory seems decent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a totally random world, you'd expect picks of about 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 23, 27.  So if the team had designed their contracts to absolutely start over from scratch about now... you'd get those 8 picks locked up for a 2nd year cost of only $14 mill total!  Then you could afford to add on maybe like a... Kevin Durant max (should be ~23 mill second year^)... plus a DeMar DeRozan max (~22 mill second year^)... and still have 11 mill left (perhaps sneak in a free agent of the likes of Aaron Afflalo [8 mill], Danny Green [10 mill], or Rondo [9.5 mill], or get a team like Washington to trade someone like Gortat [11 mill] for later picks\contracts if they want to rebuild).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;^ - These numbers will all change a bunch this year due to the salary increases.  But the thing is, assuming the distribution by talent stays the same (it generally should given min\max\rookie and such are all tied to salary cap), then the approximate player classes you can get and what a draft pick is worth shouldn't change.  So you'll see bigger numbers than those I gave for the players, but have a higher salary cap to match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's an average expectation of how things could be worked.  You'd also quickly be going well into the luxury after a couple years, and so your owner would probably have to be willing to pay a lot extra.  The economics from an ownership standpoint is a whole nother ball game.  Getting these picks meant rebuilding, and that can be some really poor years.  But then, being a middling team won't make money like being a star team.  So a whole lot of other calculations to it from the ownership standpoint.  Basically, is it financially worth it to be good?  Considering league minimum is 90% of the salary cap, you'd think generally yes, unless you have a really consistent fan base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyways, if it did all build together as I've suggested, the team would then be mostly limited after that to building through the draft, min deals, and mid-level exceptions.  Not a ton of flexibility once that team starts growing (and that's why most teams don't consistently contend anymore?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But feasibly, it could be done.  Though your additional extra pick last year ended up being low, looks like this year you'll get a good lottery pick from the Nets, plus a fair pick from Dallas, and your own.  I guess your Minnesota pick is turning into two more second round picks (gosh!).  But then you've still got what are probably fair picks from Memphis and the Nets to come in upcoming years (plus your picks and that pile of second rounders).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But then, in all this, I didn't even look into what the Celts have already built.  #4 in the east, mighty impressive.  With $20 million cap room next year (based on current cap).  Actually, $32 mill if you elect to part with Amir.  Thomas, Bradley, and Crowder locked up for two more seasons.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So you could maybe resign one or two of Turner, Zeller, Sullinger... and still get a max player contract... and sign most of your rookies (doubt you'd want 8, if you still have that many picks this season!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again, the numbers of course go way up for the cap this year and next (and thus the max and rookie contracts), but it's still the same general situation because it all balances, salary increases vs cap increases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players honestly probably won't want to sign long deals because of the big 2017 increases, but in a sense that only helps you.  If you can woo a star for a year based on what you have... then you can have the inside track to sign them next year... or be free to part ways and pursue other max contract guys while enjoying the same great cap situation.  Usually players are FORCING long-term deals as it benefits them with security.  So that you don't have to do that is just generally a plus.  Especially if you're good next year (so people want to come your way).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus the picks allow you maneuverability to trade for players or perhaps for picks further on down the road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yeah, picks certainly aren't the end all. I don't think the most explosive resurgence stories (Heat 2010, Celtics 2007) were heavy on picks.  But then there are situations like the Cavs last season or the Magic in 2000 (McGrady+Hill... perhaps close on Duncan) that still show potential is there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of luck involved when it comes to draft picks.  Having them be high.  Having the players picked work out.  Getting stars to invest in you over clubs.  Picking up the right cheap free agents.  But overall, it seems economically workable.  Though it depends what you give up to get them, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But so far... you're looking mighty good!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Addition to better answer one of your questions&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The problem with rebuilding without giving up talent is usually your options are very limited.  If your decent, you're not getting great draft picks.  And you don't have much cap room to sign players, all the while dealing with restrictions based upon your current roster (and player desires).  That the Spurs turned the 28th and 57th picks into two of their cornerstones was a shot in the dark.  And now Leonard at at 15th.  Not everyone can do that, it just isn't possible: there aren't enough good players available to be found that low!  So finding the stud GM\staff\talent scouts cannot be undervalued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the bonus that elite teams also get players (their stars and FAs) to sign for less helps extend their reign, as San Antonio has done a fair bit of too, I believe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most teams will &quot;rebuild&quot; just by sliding towards mediocrity as their stars age and retire\move on.  Does selling the entire farm for picks give more potential for a return to elite success?  Don't know if we can tell given there are so few real fullblown cases.  The numbers given show there is some potential.  But the real answer probably is: go where the value is.  If there's a lot of teams moving towards rebuilding, then the buyers market will land you talent for cheaper.  But if there's a lot of teams seeking talent, you might have an opportunity to stockpile picks.  It's not so much what you do as what the other teams do, and then what you make of that situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I certainly can't think of many San Antonio's at all in this day-and-age in the NBA.  Much like the Patriots.  You absolutely have to mine low picks in the draft and free agency insanely better than the league.  And so then it just can't be a common thing!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-04-08T04:07:33.160" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T04:07:33.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13472" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-08T11:24:53.643" Score="11" ViewCount="1815" Body="&lt;p&gt;When will teams wear their away jerseys during the Euro Championships? Will France always wear their home jersey during the tournament? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For commercial purposes will all teams not want to play a match during a tournament in their away jersey at least once? I'm guessing that teams can wear their away jerseys if they want to as long as there is no objection from the officials. For example, Ireland wore their away jersey for three of their four matches in 1994:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the players liked the jersey more...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11137" LastEditorUserId="11137" LastEditDate="2016-04-12T18:02:15.460" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T18:02:15.460" Title="When do teams wear their away jerseys at international level?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13472" CreationDate="2016-04-08T12:52:14.490" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot;&gt;Equipment Regulations&lt;/a&gt; state (Article 65):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event that, in the opinion of the referee or Match Commissioner,&#xA;  the Playing Equipment of the two opposing teams is not clearly distinguishable&#xA;  for all Players, the Match Officials, spectators and media under the prevailing&#xA;  conditions, such as weather and light, the referee or Match Commissioner may&#xA;  instruct the host team to use Official Equipment and the visiting team to use&#xA;  either its Reserve Equipment or a combination of both. In exceptional cases,&#xA;  both teams may be asked to wear different Colours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That answers the general question for &quot;international matches&quot;. For more specific tournaments, The &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/59/22/68/regulationsfwc2018russia_short_e_v210415_neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;2018 World Cup Regulations&lt;/a&gt; (Section 24.4) contain similar language, but unhelpfully make no definition of &quot;host team&quot; that I can see. I can't see anything in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/03/92/81/2039281_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot;&gt;2016 European Championship Regulations&lt;/a&gt; about kits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the confusion, there was at least one World Cup match, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Jhg-oUKHMQ&quot;&gt;Brazil vs Sweden semifinal in 1994&lt;/a&gt;, when &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; teams wore their away kits. I can't find a reference at the moment, but my memory says that their was a coin toss to determine who would wear their home kit (as both teams traditionally wear yellow and blue), but the away kit of the losing team &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; clashed with the yellow and blue, so both teams played in their away kits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T12:52:14.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13472" CreationDate="2016-04-08T14:02:37.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Philip Kendall's answer, just considering the France part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Altough France is hosting the European Championship, that does not mean they are always considered the home team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016#Group_A&quot;&gt;matches for group A&lt;/a&gt;, you will see that France are the home team for their first and second game. Their third game in the group stage they are considered the away team and Switzerland as home team. If there would be any conflict there considering the colors, they would be asked to use their away (or even third) kit. Which probably won't be the case for the game against Switzerland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UEFA decides (apparently)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe interesting, earlier this week &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-atletico-madrid-to-play-with-second-kits&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt; ordered both Barcelona and Atletico Madrid that they had to play in their away jerseys for good distinction, while they had played their league game both in their home jerseys. So UEFA might just look at the games and order the teams which kit to use &lt;em&gt;as they please&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2016-04-08T18:07:37.177" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T18:07:37.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13470" CreationDate="2016-04-08T14:51:13.623" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a common practice among all teams besides the Orioles.  The ball is thrown to the first baseman so that he can then keep the ball in his glove and use it for the infield warm-up when the team goes back on defense.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The practicality behind doing it as the first baseman comes off the field is so that he doesn't have to rummage about the dugout looking for a ball or forget to go back out with one--especially if he is hitting during that inning.  A batboy, coach, backup player, or whoever (varies by team) gets it to them right away while they still have their glove on and that's the end of it.  I'd say that it wouldn't be a huge deal if this wasn't done or was done differently, so it's safe to say that tradition and sticking to a routine have some role in the practice, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T14:51:13.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13445" CreationDate="2016-04-09T08:46:33.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good way to identify the main stand they will be facing is to look for the VIP seating / Royal Box / Press seating. They will be facing in that direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind, in some cases, if there are flags being raised or flown, some teams will turn to face in that direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3388" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T08:46:33.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1958" CreationDate="2016-04-09T09:08:50.617" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer by @posdef is incorrect. Each sport can set their own rules. I worked for the Welsh Athletics federation and there were some very stringent rules (birth, ancestry, residency) over who could and could not compete for Wales in international competitions (notwithstanding the fact that British athletes compete as Great Britain &amp;amp; Northern Ireland in international champs like Europeans and Worlds) and the Commonwealth Games. We just couldn't pick any British athletes who were interested (it used to be much looser but it was tightened as it provoked resentment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Northern Ireland/Rep of Ireland debate, all people born in Northern Ireland are granted dual citizenship so are eligible for both (as in Rory McIlroy's case recently) - assuming the sport hasn't got a unified Irish team like as Rugby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3388" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2016-04-09T19:16:41.700" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T19:16:41.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13481" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-10T12:56:23.607" Score="8" ViewCount="4086" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching cricket on tv for years and have occasionally seen the commentary box. Usually, the camera will be behind the commentators and the image will show the commentators watching the match from a small room, and the players will also be visible. There may be a change of commentators (somebody moving in and somebody moving out) and even then, we could see the field. More-over, commentators will be talking about events which are not visible to tv viewers, meaning it is happening outside the range of the camera.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This type of video &quot;proves&quot; that the commentators are in the commentary box.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here are 2 views of general &quot;proper&quot; commentary boxes:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EPNnf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EPNnf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Commentary Box 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ydc96.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ydc96.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Commentary Box 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Surely, these commentators are in the stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now-a-days (atleast in T20 WC matches or IPL Matches) I feel that the commentators are not in the box, but are watching a broadcast stream in some studio.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here are 2 views of &quot;suspicious&quot; commentary boxes:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CoWAM.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CoWAM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Commentary Box 3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PBtUG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PBtUG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Commentary Box 4&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is not really clear if they are in the stadium or in a small studio, pretending to be watching the match live at the stadium.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The last picture is especially suspicious, because it looks like the camera will be blocking the view of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My Doubt is based on 2 main points:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; The commentators (and the change of commentators) will always shown from the front, and there will never be a view of the commentators with the field or players in view.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt; The commentators seem to say exactly what is shown on the screen and seem to be clueless of the ground situation.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 2A&lt;/strong&gt; : On the tv, a ball going towards the boundary may look like it will cross it, while the commentators should be able to see a fielder running towards it. I have seen cases where the commentator was saying something like &quot;going to be a four [that is what we can see] ... no, a fielder gets to it at the last moment [that is when the tv shows the fielder]&quot;, which I can make out without the redundant commentary.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 2B&lt;/strong&gt; : A ball hit too high may look like a six on tv, and even the commentator will claim that it is going to be a six, but eventually we see that it has simply gone up and come down on the wicketkeeper, who takes an easy catch.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After noticing this couple of years back, I have been waiting for similar comments in latest matches, but I think they have become clever and do not comment on these things now ; they wait for the tv to show what is happening and then they say what we can already see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond these two main points, I noticed two other minor points:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;(3)&lt;/strong&gt; I noticed that occasionally there is the light from tv screen on the faces on the commentators.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;(4)&lt;/strong&gt; I also noticed that commentators do not say anything which is not shown on the tv, Eg If umpire has asked for 3RD umpire Decision, but the tv has not shown him asking for it, then commentators too will be talking about other things, like &quot;boy-o-boy, at a time like this, a huge risk in trying to take a single [replay shows umpire asking for 3RD umpire Decision] and what will it be ? Out or not out ?&quot;, where basically, they are trying to hide the fact that they are clueless until the tv shows what is happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have English Commentary Broadcast (claimed implicitly to be from stadium) and Hindi Commentary Broadcast (known to be from studio) and both are similar, making me suspect that even the English Broadcast is from the studio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In recent IPL T20 cricket matches, are the commentators in the stadium or watching a broadcast in some studio ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not claiming that all commentaries are from studio, I am only saying that in some matches (especially T20 IPL) the studio is used, without informing the audience, but then they never explicitly claimed to be in the stadium, so they are not really lying.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It may be that the studio is easier for bringing in Film Stars who do not want to get stuck in the huge crowds or traffic generated by IPL. It may be that commentary boxes are used as VIP seats, and commentators are asked to move out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;((I originally asked this on Skeptics, where it was suggested that I try here, but the wording may still indicate Skepticism))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-09-22T16:21:56.823" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T19:35:22.897" Title="In 2016 IPL T20 cricket matches, are the commentators in the stadium or watching a broadcast in a studio?" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13487" CreationDate="2016-04-11T02:26:55.350" Score="5" ViewCount="943" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently purchased new football boots, ACE 16.3 Men's Firm Ground, and I want to test them about at a nearby pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fastest (non-automobile) route to the pitch is a 12-minute walk along a mostly pavement sidewalk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this damage the studs significantly? Should I:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wear regular shoes to the pitch, then put on boots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wear boots directly to pitch - the damage is insignificant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-05-26T14:37:50.913" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T14:37:50.913" Title="Potential damage to boot studs" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13481" CreationDate="2016-04-11T10:26:46.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is - it depends. For a lot of matches, the commentators will be in the ground, but for others they won't be, for a lot of reasons but usually for financial ones - it can make financial sense to have commentators operate off a TV feed rather than send them thousands of miles for what might be a single match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My experience of cricket broadcasting is European-based, and Sky always appear to have a studio-based analysis team (for intervals) and a ground-based commentary team. The BBC radio coverage is always from the grounds too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The questions on the standard of commentary are different, and I'm not going to get into that as it's totally opinion-based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T10:26:46.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13484" CreationDate="2016-04-11T16:58:15.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think really it depends if this is a one of trip or if you visit the pitch regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A one of trip will do minimum damage all though I'd advise trying to walk over in regular shoes. If you did walk over in studs, they wouldn't wear down enough for a match official to disallow you from playing for example, but there would be some damage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you go there regularly then I would definitely recommend wearing normal shoes. They will wear down too quickly and become sharp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T16:58:15.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3610" CreationDate="2016-04-12T05:17:45.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a complete solution, but the key part is that the title of this question has a wrong assumption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Core Puzzle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Team A scored 250 runs for 9 wickets in 50 overs. Team B was 250 for 0&#xA;  in 49 overs. Eventually Team A won the match by virtue of losing fewer&#xA;  wickets. Hence Team B lost 10 wickets in 1 over. The main part of&#xA;  this question was no two players were dismissed in the same way. How&#xA;  is it possible to dismiss 10 players in an over such that all the&#xA;  dismissals are unique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dismiss 10 players in an over in unique ways without conceding a run&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The title is not part of the original problem ; It is a wrong assumption that no runs have to be conceded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Along the lines of your partial solution:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 1&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Retired Out&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 2&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Timed Out&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 3&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Run Out (Mankading)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the batsmen can do 3 things which give 5 penalty runs to fielding side :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Waste time (ball not even bowled), Damage the Pitch (ball not even bowled), Steal a run (may be one ball bowled)&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us select the possibility of &lt;strong&gt;Wasting time&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After this happens, the fielding side score will be 255, the batting side will require 6 runs to win, with 6 balls remaining, with 7 wickets remaining.&#xA;Bowler gives a 4 wide balls, which wicketkeeper blocks : 2 runs to win, 6 balls remaining, 7 wickets remaining.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Now bowler gives another wide ball and wicketkeeper fumbles, so batsmen try to take a run. When wicketkeeper tries to throw the ball to the bowler, the batsman obstructs his way, hence &lt;strong&gt;Wicket 4&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Out obstructing the field&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Status : 1 run to win, 6 balls remaining, 6 wickets remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 5&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Bowled&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 6&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Caught&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 7&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Leg Before Wicket&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 8&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Hit the ball twice&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 9&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Hit Wicket&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Wicket 10&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Handled the Ball&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Status : Team A 255 for 9 wickets, Team B 255 all out, Team A won the match by virtue of losing fewer wickets.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ Penalty Runs for fielding side : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_42.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket_law_42.htm&lt;/a&gt; ]]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[[ 10 Ways to get out : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-can-you-get-out-in-cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-can-you-get-out-in-cricket&lt;/a&gt; ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T05:17:45.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9120" CreationDate="2016-04-12T06:38:40.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Steve Fox-&#xA;You almost got them. Moore did play as a reliever in game six (ninth inning) and Latman didn't play at all. So, Battey, Latman, Arias, and McBride didn't play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11150" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T06:38:40.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13491" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-12T09:27:12.893" Score="8" ViewCount="11778" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know how the conversion rate is calculated in the Premier League for example. I tried to make a report like shots/goals but it seems it's not the correct one. Any suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for the method to calculate the conversion rate of shots. Something like what is showed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whoscored.com/Graphics/5844/Show/Diego-Costa-2014-15-vs-2015-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;. It says that Diego Costa has an approximately 26% conversion rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to divide shots on goal with goals scored but it's seems I'm not doing it the right way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11152" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T12:35:50.083" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T12:35:50.083" Title="How is the conversion rate calculated in football?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13491" CreationDate="2016-04-12T11:27:39.640" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using your example it looks as thought the definition is simply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conversion Rate  = Goals scored / Total shots&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the information that in 2014/2015 Diego Costa had 2.9 Shots per game in 26 games, we know that he had a total of 75 or 76 shots over the season (both 75/26 and 76/26 round to 2.9 when 1 decimal place is used). He scored 20 goals, and using the value of 76 shots the conversion rate is 20/76 = 26.3%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsjoe.ie/football/stats-jonathan-walters-has-the-best-shot-conversion-rate-in-the-premier-league-this-season/19880&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This irish sports site&lt;/a&gt; uses the definition &lt;strong&gt;percentage shots scored&lt;/strong&gt; for conversion rate, which supports the above definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T11:27:39.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13497" CreationDate="2016-04-12T12:40:01.097" Score="11" ViewCount="7129" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player in possession narrowly dodges a very reckless and dangerously attempted tackle, but ends up losing the possession, will this still be ruled a foul despite no contact being made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: I vaguely remember such a debate had taken place previously when in 2009 David N'Gog (Liverpool) won a penalty against Birmingham as the referee thought there was enough contact for foul. Videos proved there was no contact later and it was ruled as a dive by media. But N'Gog subsequently clarified that he didn't dive to win the penalty but rather to avoid a dangerous tackle. Many Liverpool fans claimed that it was right to award a penalty in that case while other called it blatant dive. But what do the rules say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9902" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T07:09:00.197" Title="Is it a foul if no contact is made during an attempted reckless tackle?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3610" CreationDate="2016-04-12T14:41:52.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 22&lt;/a&gt;.5(a) can provide the missing piece in your puzzle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Umpire miscounting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) If the umpire miscounts the number of valid balls, the over as counted by the umpire shall stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The last over becomes a 7-ball over due to the umpire miscounting.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; The 10th dismissal could be either (a) Hitting the Ball Twice or (b) Obstructing the Field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer to your other sub-question on Obstructing the Field is that it is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; possible before the ball is bowled, as covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37&lt;/a&gt;.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&#xA;  &lt;br&gt; In particular, but not solely, it shall be regarded as obstruction&#xA;  and either batsman will be out Obstructing the field if while the ball&#xA;  is in play and after the striker has completed the act of playing the&#xA;  ball,&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; To make this more realistic, spread out the Retired Out, Timed Out, and Mankad Run Out between the other dismissals off legitimate deliveries instead of lumping them together before the start of the over, and add some drama. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, one batsman picks up a fight with the fielders, which leads to aggressive arguing and swearing for a prolonged duration. The batsman then storms off and is declared Retired Out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of balls later, someone is dismissed in a controversial manner, and the tension flares up again leading to more ugly scenes on the field. This spills over to the dressing room where members of the batting side (and maybe the reserve players and support staff of both teams) keep arguing loudly. Amidst the commotion, the next batsman forgets to step out and is declared Timed Out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One or two balls later, with both sides brimming with rage, a Mankad Run Out happens! You can imagine what happens next. :-) &#xA;In this scenario, it is easy to imagine the Umpire miscounting the over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T14:41:52.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13495" CreationDate="2016-04-12T15:44:01.313" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_12_fouls_misconduct_en_47379.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 (here)&lt;/a&gt; point you in the right direction about this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvyNM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvyNMm.png&quot; alt=&quot;capture from fifa page&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Group of Six:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;jumps at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;charges an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;striker or attempts to strike an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;pushes an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, referee has the option to allow the play to continue, and when the play stops, take a disciplinary measure (like a yellow or red card).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember that everything that happens in play, is judged by the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule clearly states about the attempts, so missing the tackle could be interpreted by the referee as a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T09:52:26.233" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T09:52:26.233" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13502" CreationDate="2016-04-12T20:31:14.040" Score="6" ViewCount="1326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any sports other than American football that have a coach's challenge? I would like to know if there is a sport other than American football that have a coach's challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:14:56.447" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:14:56.447" Title="Are there any sports other than American football that have a coach's challenge?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|international-sports|video-review|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13498" CreationDate="2016-04-12T20:42:01.567" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not a coach's challenge per se, but cricket has the concept of player reviews, where either the batsman or the captain of the fielding side can request a review of an umpires decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T20:42:01.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10789" CreationDate="2016-04-12T21:03:06.297" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in basketball in the Spanish league Barcelona &lt;strong&gt;FC&lt;/strong&gt; gets their name from La Liga (the Spanish football league). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurobasket.com/Spain/basketball.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T21:03:06.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13498" CreationDate="2016-04-12T21:09:47.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Field Hockey&lt;/strong&gt; each team has one &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_(field_hockey)#Video_Umpires&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video umpire referral&lt;/a&gt; per match, it seems limited to FIH World-Level competitions though (/when facilities are in place).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with the cricket example, it is the captain doing the actual challenge. If the challenge is succesful they keep the ability to challenge, if not they can no longer challenge in that game. As long as they make succesful challenges they can challenge again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2016-04-13T09:56:26.660" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T09:56:26.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13498" CreationDate="2016-04-12T22:41:25.343" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2014, Major League Baseball adopted its current replay system, in which each manager can challenge a call one time per game, and gets a second one if the first call that they challenged is overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official rules for challenges can be found at &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/official_rules/replay_review&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/official_rules/replay_review&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10837" LastEditorUserId="1607" LastEditDate="2016-04-13T14:44:23.410" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T14:44:23.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13495" CreationDate="2016-04-13T00:03:46.020" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Not only is it a foul to attempt a reckless tackle, it is also misconduct, resulting in a caution for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From p. 37 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fouls and misconduct are penalised as follows:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Direct free kick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any&#xA;  of the following seven offences in a manner considered by the referee to be&#xA;  careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;jumps at an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;charges an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;strikes or attempts to strike an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;pushes an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;tackles an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, not all of these careless / reckless / excessive force offences require contact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee believes a player has attempted to make reckless contact with an opponent instead of challenging for the ball, but has done so without making contact with an opponent, a direct free kick will be awarded for &lt;em&gt;recklessly attempts to trip an opponent&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;recklessly attempts to kick an opponent&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee believes the player has attempted to play the ball in a reckless manner, but has done so without making contact with the opponent, a direct free kick will be awarded for &lt;em&gt;recklessly tackles an opponent&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these offences occur in the penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded. On the same page, after the other three direct free kick offences, it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offences is committed by&#xA;  a player inside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position of the ball, provided it is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explains why it is a foul. As to why it constitutes misconduct (ie. a caution [yellow card] or send-off [red card]), the following is found on p. 119 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Careless” means that the player has shown a lack of attention or&#xA;  consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;No further disciplinary sanction is needed if a foul is judged to be careless&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Reckless” means that the player has acted with complete disregard to the&#xA;  danger to, or consequences for, his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who plays in a reckless manner must be cautioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Using excessive force” means that the player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who uses excessive force must be sent off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 125, it states that the caution for a reckless foul is for unsporting behaviour:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour, e.g. if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits in a reckless manner one of the seven offences that incur a direct free kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an important clerical distinction, as the referee reports the caution as being for unsporting behaviour, not for a reckless foul. p. 39 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; lists the cautionable offences. Note that &lt;em&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; one of these offences and &lt;em&gt;reckless foul&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;is not&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following seven offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;delaying the restart of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee's duty to report cautions is outlined on p. 25/26 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes&#xA;  information on any disciplinary action taken against players and/or team&#xA;  officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the&#xA;  match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T00:03:46.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13498" CreationDate="2016-04-13T13:12:48.040" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;National Hockey League&lt;/strong&gt; also has a coach's challenge, as of the 2015-2016 season (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/board-of-governors-approves-2015-16-rules-changes/c-771976&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official announcement&lt;/a&gt;).  Coaches have a single challenge, which can be used to review a scoring play.  If the challenge is unsuccessful, the team loses its timeout.  If successful, they retain their ability to challenge later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11160" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T13:12:48.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-14T02:03:11.720" Score="5" ViewCount="1231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are the CL Final tickets sold by the clubs (as opposed to those UEFA sells) nominative? Like, do they ask you at the counter for an ID card or a name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11164" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T14:49:01.003" Title="Are clubs' Champions League Final tickets nominative?" Tags="|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13510" CreationDate="2016-04-14T06:15:19.617" Score="4" ViewCount="2742" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201604130LAL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;13th April 2016&lt;/a&gt;, Kobe Bryant played his last professional game against Utah scoring 60 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if there was any evidence to show that those 60 points were a tribute reserved for him for his immense career.  Did he receive a much higher percentage of assists or passes than usual?  Or are there any statistics to instead show it was driven by spectacular performance and adrenaline from his final game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not think he was &quot;helped&quot; by his opponents but I was not able to see the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T23:50:37.873" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T23:50:37.873" Title="Was Kobe Bryant's 60 points in his last game comparable to his performance during his career?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-04-15T02:03:30.103" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13508" CreationDate="2016-04-14T11:09:52.290" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got no particularly interest in what the game was, but dug into the stats a bit... a couple good ones that stand out from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2016/4/14/11428992/kobe-bryant-50-shots-nba-record-perfect&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SB Nation article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kobe's 50 shots are the most in a game since record keeping officially started in 1983 [Wilt Chamberlain had more in his 100 point game]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bryant attempted 21 3 pointers on the night... the most in NBA history is 22&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based upon &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/b/bryanko01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;basketball-reference&lt;/a&gt; he was only averaging 25 shots per 42 minutes (how much he played tonight) and 11 3s before the night.  So it was definitely a much heavier shooting night for him.  From the team page on B-R, the Lakers averaged 18 assists per game this year... and had 19 tonight.  So it wasn't necessarily that he absolutely had the ball the whole time... though it certainly also wasn't that the team was creating more open looks than normal for him.&#xA;Interestingly the Lakers also average 84.6 shots per game and only took 85 tonight.  So it wasn't they rushed the tempo to make it happen happen.  The team as a whole wasn't just chucking up a ton more shots... just more of them were in Kobe's hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some more interesting details at the NBA's &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.nba.com/tracking/#!/player/?sort=TEAM_ABBREVIATION&amp;amp;dir=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Player Tracking page&lt;/a&gt; that show more of a breakdown of Kobe's game this year.  He'd expect to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catch-and-shoot about 6-7 times per 42 min&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pull up about 12-13 times per 42 min&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drive 2-3 times per 42 min&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Get passed to about 50% more than he passed the ball away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Have about 69 touches per 42 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And would only possess the ball for about 230 seconds (under 4 minutes) in those 42 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately didn't find so much data from this game.  Best I've got is:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SiwXi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SiwXi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Shot Chart&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and that the play-by-play shows Bryant's shots being listed as pullups 12 times tonight.  If anyone has any access to better stats from tonight's game, that'd be great to compare to.  But while he chucked a ton of threes... he also scored a lot inside tonight.  And from the few highlights I saw, they were reasonably contested shots.  So it probably wasn't quite just catch and shoot ball, despite the insane number of shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coincidentally, the Lakers did shoot 48% on the night, quite a healthy number (41% is their season average).  So their offense was working reasonably.  Kobe took a lot of shots, and his 44% FG was fair, but he also allowed the rest of the team to get off real quality shots (or they just had a lucky night?) playing this way.  The offense running well when Kobe shot a lot... that's what I think we all remember his championship teams were known for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coincidentally, the Jazz were the 9th best defensive efficiency team this year [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingcharts.com/nba/stats/team-defensive-efficiency-rating/2015/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting Charts&lt;/a&gt;].  So generally a good D.&#xA;That the Jazz' six 10+ ppg guys played 63 minutes less tonight than they did against the Mavs Monday is noticeable.&#xA;And on defense, specifically noteworthy is that starting SG Rodney Hood... the Jazz' only guard [still with the team] forcing a lower shooting percentage to the players they guard compared to their average... only played 18 minutes tonight, compared to 34 on Monday.&#xA;And certainly cannot forget, the Jazz were eliminated from the playoffs shortly before the game.  So the perfect storm for a passionate Kobe against a heartless Jazz, certainly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, you'd think if it really was just the Jazz playing poor defense, whether against Kobe to honor him, or in general just as a product of the situation... the Lakers would've ended up shooting more (and probably better).  The Jazz led almost the entire game.  So it doesn't seem they just absolutely failed to show up entirely.&#xA;The Jazz gave up 95.9 ppg while averaging 97.7 this year.&#xA;The Lakers gave up 106.9 ppg while averaging 97.3 this year.&#xA;Final score 101-96&#xA;The Laker D was the big surprise.&#xA;And so it doesn't really seem the numbers support that the Jazz gave the Lakers huge favors by playing much take-it-easy-defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you can analyze single game stats to death, not sure you can ever make absolutely definitive judgements on them.. but the suggestion seems to be that while the deflated Jazz team (and slightly weaker roster) played some part... it was probably more that Kobe took control of the ball a bit more tonight, and played with a passion a bit more like the &quot;good old days&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this: Tonight he shot 44%.  That was below his career average.  But this year, he only had 13 better shooting games.  And 47 worse ones.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So, it was really Kobe of old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2016-04-14T11:09:52.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13511" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-14T17:45:30.787" Score="9" ViewCount="1651" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is the highest run scorer and at the same time is the highest wicket taker in IPL, which colour cap would he wear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11166" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T08:40:56.910" Title="Cap colour in IPL" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1740" CreationDate="2016-04-15T09:23:17.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Germany came back from 3-0 down to beat Hungary 5-3 in 1930 in a friendly match in Dresden. Germany were trailing by three goals at half time, following a first-half hat-trick from József Takács, but scored five goals in a second-half comeback:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=5451&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;28.9.1930 Germany vs Hungary 5:3 (0:3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goals were scored as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0:1 József Takács  (29.) &lt;br&gt; 0:2 József Takács  (35.) &lt;br&gt;  0:3  József Takács  (40.) &lt;br&gt; 1:3     Richard Hofmann (59.) &lt;br&gt; 2:3 Ludwig Hofmann (61.) &lt;br&gt; 3:3 Johann Ludwig (74.) &lt;br&gt; 4:3 Ludwig Lachner (78.) &lt;br&gt; 5:3 Ludwig Hofmann (86.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11171" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-04-15T10:49:33.227" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T10:49:33.227" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-15T13:45:36.050" Score="8" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Madrid&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Atletico Madrid&lt;/a&gt; has beaten Barcelona 2-0 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase#Quarter-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;recently in the Champions League&lt;/a&gt; and they have always posed a serious threat. Other teams have floundered against Barcelona. Apart from utilising &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Griezmann&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antoine Griezmann&lt;/a&gt;'s skills, what has &lt;a href=&quot;https://g.co/kgs/viSWK&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Simeone&lt;/a&gt; done tactically since his arrival?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11173" LastEditorUserId="11173" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T16:03:55.413" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T20:27:59.417" Title="What does Atletico Madrid do tactically different since Diego Simeone took over?" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13506" CreationDate="2016-04-15T14:49:01.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://championsleague-faq.tickets.uefa.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://championsleague-faq.tickets.uefa.com/&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why must I bring my ID card or passport with me to the Final?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  You need to have your ID card or passport with you on the day of the Final so that your identity can be checked against the details provided with your application. Should a ticket holder not be in possession of a valid ID card or passport, they will not be allowed into the stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=2&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwj_vMe38ZDMAhWJ7hoKHZ_bD0cQFggjMAE&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2FMultimediaFiles%2FDownload%2Fcompetitions%2FTicketing%2F02%2F32%2F28%2F17%2F2322817_DOWNLOAD.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFi9xCguOD69FhWJj5qJ-1xeBPUgw&amp;amp;sig2=PSlaaJvjkyEh8Kb3OGU7PA&amp;amp;bvm=bv.119745492,d.d2s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ticketing terms and conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.7. In the Application Form, for all Applicants and Guests: (i) all Applicants are required to provide: surname, first name, date of birth, country of birth and Passport or ID number; and (ii) Italian nationals only, additionally, shall also specify province of birth and city of birth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T14:49:01.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13514" CreationDate="2016-04-16T14:25:24.650" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know but I've heard someone say that there were 6 defenders in the match. SIX. And Barca's formation was 4-3-3 so 2 defenders can mark one attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And since Griezmann is fast he can bypass the defense of Barca.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and It was the first match that messi haven't made a shot to the goal since 2011 : 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11106" LastEditorUserId="11106" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T15:04:40.280" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T15:04:40.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13511" CreationDate="2016-04-16T17:38:54.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see two questions here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What caps would he be given if he's both the highest wicket taker and&#xA;  the leading run scorer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules, &lt;strong&gt;both the caps would be awarded to the player,&lt;/strong&gt; after the respective innings in which he earned them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What cap would/should he wear if he's awarded both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isn't any rule which binds the player to the colour of the cap which he should be wearing. It is a personal choice for the player. (which is already addressed rightly in the comments under the question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/2522/10319&quot;&gt;Helpful Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-04-16T17:38:54.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13521" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-17T22:14:29.620" Score="6" ViewCount="3000" Body="&lt;p&gt;What material are English Premier League football nets made from? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm doing some research and am keen to know  and better still, who makes nets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11182" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T15:40:27.817" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T07:44:25.073" Title="What material are professional football nets made from?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13522" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13523" CreationDate="2016-04-18T12:04:40.280" Score="5" ViewCount="1768" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mostly saw posts of football goals with a circular bases, but sometimes I saw posts (and crossbars) with very square basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;| Is there a regulation about it?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the poles with square base are dangerous for a collision with a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-04-19T05:05:39.477" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T05:05:39.477" Title="Is there a regulation about the shape of the posts of a football goal?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13522" CreationDate="2016-04-18T12:39:58.957" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with much of this stuff, this is explicitly covered in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. In this case, Law 1 The Field of Play, Goalposts (page 9):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The goalposts and crossbar [...] must be square, rectangular, round or elliptical in shape and must not be dangerous to players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the Laws explicitly allow square or rectangular posts, I don't think you're going to be able to make an argument that they are disallowed just because you think they're dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T12:39:58.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13528" CreationDate="2016-04-18T14:23:08.287" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyball_(film)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Moneyball&lt;/a&gt; was an instance in Baseball where the Oakland contingent have used statistics and data science for buying-selling as well as team selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, was there any such instance in the history of cricket, where statistics and predictive analytics have been used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Answers can contain history of local leagues like the IPL, CPL, etc too.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="10319" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T15:00:00.960" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T19:11:26.020" Title="Were there any Moneyball-like instances in history of cricket?" Tags="|cricket|history|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13143" CreationDate="2016-04-18T14:49:19.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There won't be much damage to the table's surface unless it is exposed to direct sunlight. But the change in climate might cause slight damage. Covering the table  with a thick table cover would be the best option. The thicker the table's surface is the better protection it provides....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11184" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T16:14:25.777" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T16:14:25.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13526" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-18T16:36:22.827" Score="5" ViewCount="802" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are lineup cards and official scorebooks recorded on Jackie Robinson Day? Do the managers/scorekeepers use the players' regular numbers, or is it literally &quot;42&quot; for every player's number?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10837" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T17:10:30.257" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T17:27:28.400" Title="How do MLB Managers do the lineup card on Jackie Robinson Day?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13526" CreationDate="2016-04-18T17:27:28.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to multiple sources I've seen, they don't even put jersey numbers on the lineup card, so I don't believe they put anything even on Jackie Robinson day.  Here is a picture of a game used card used in the Cubs vs Reds game last season during Jackie Robinson day, and no numbers are present.  The only information present is Batting Order position, Name, and Position number.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Iln8f.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Iln8f.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Lineup Card&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T17:27:28.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13524" CreationDate="2016-04-18T19:09:27.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The events of &lt;em&gt;Moneyball&lt;/em&gt; are now 14 years old; the main story focuses around the 2002 season. The world has moved on enormously in those 14 years and &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; sport uses &quot;advanced statistics&quot;/data science/whatever you want to call it to a greater or lesser extent. It's just not news any more - in fact, it would be more news if a professional team &lt;em&gt;didn't&lt;/em&gt; have some kind of data science department.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a specific example to show how stats have become ingrained in the cricket world, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/KP24/status/572664676917645312&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this tweet&lt;/a&gt; from Kevin Pietersen in 2015, referring to why England can't score 400 in a one-day international:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cos the best team isn't playing &amp;amp; too interested in stats!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T19:09:27.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13643" CreationDate="2016-04-19T10:09:26.777" Score="7" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard many times that the idea of horse race handicapping is that the handicapper aims to arrange that all the horses cross the finish line at the same time. But I am a little bit sceptical that this is really what is going on. If it were really true then you would expect certain behaviours that I simply do not see. Take for example the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Grand National&lt;/a&gt; (which has around 40 entrants). If handicapping really worked then you would expect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nobody would have any clue whatsoever about who might win until after the handicapper had chosen the weights.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the discussion around who might win would revolve around the handicap and the idea of talking about a horses abilities &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; reference to the handicap would be plain silly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It would be every bit as likely that a really slow donkey of a horse would win as a superstar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chances that the previous winner would be favourite to win would be very slim (approx 1 in 40).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The chances of a horse ever winning three times (i.e. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Red Rum&lt;/a&gt;) would be incredibly small (approx 1 in 40x40x40 which is 1 in 64,000).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm not really a horse racing buff, so maybe I haven't been paying enough attention, but I haven't really seen that these things have been happening. Can anyone clarify what is going on? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="10904" LastEditDate="2016-04-29T14:36:21.417" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T15:29:20.977" Title="Does handicapping really do what it claims?" Tags="|rules|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13295" CreationDate="2016-04-19T19:06:00.573" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After doing some research, the only information I could find was about Marty McSorley.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, based on this research and in regards to answering your questions, I am going to use this &lt;a href=&quot;http://kings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=632932&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://kings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=632932&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 1: When was the last time a team was penalized for it, due to its blade being curved too much?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;McSorley was penalized for using an illegally curved stick late in Game 2 of the 1993 Stanley Cup Final&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 2: Who were the teams?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Los Angeles Kings vs. Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T10:19:51.810" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T10:19:51.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13533" CreationDate="2016-04-20T06:46:05.037" Score="5" ViewCount="2425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I made some custom medals for some friends, who are running a race soon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I have doubts about how long I should make the ribbon.&#xA;Too short and it will be like a necklace, too long and it will go down to the waist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never won a medal myself, so I have nothing to measure by and compare to.&#xA;(I have won trophies though, so don't feel sorry for me hehe.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I say length, I mean the length of the string (flat silk fabric) from end to end.&#xA;Since it's tied in one end forming a loop, I suppose you could also call it the circumference if you were to lay it out as a circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the common length? Or should I just estimate from how it hangs on myself, aiming for the upper part of the chest?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11194" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T07:57:37.543" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T07:57:37.543" Title="How long should a medal ribbon be?" Tags="|equipment|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13532" CreationDate="2016-04-20T07:06:17.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The medal should support under the chest muscles, so normally the lenght should be around &lt;strong&gt;60/70cm - (23/28 inches)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those elements normally are indipendent from the athlete's height because I think they are setted before knowing the order of arrival&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reply was base on the following images&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QOIH1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QOIH1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;01&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zVMBt.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zVMBt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;02&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D5szl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D5szl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;03&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T07:13:25.230" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T07:13:25.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13535" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-20T07:12:14.670" Score="21" ViewCount="9495" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player gets a 2 match suspension and the referee fails to observe that this is the case until half time and his team uses him during the suspension period what penalty do the rules allow for in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-31T10:34:05.443" LastActivityDate="2024-02-08T10:50:31.593" Title="What happens if a suspended player is used in match and the referee didn't notice" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|suspension|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13535" CreationDate="2016-04-20T07:24:50.590" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The opposing team can ask to replay the match or the victory 3-0 &lt;em&gt;by forfeit&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. match results assigned by forfeit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2128467.html&quot;&gt;Celtic - Legia (6 ago 2014)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=27262.html&quot;&gt;27 june 2002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here from the UEFA Disciplinary Regulations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 21 - Forfeit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3 A match may be declared forfeit if a player who is ineligible under the regulations of the competition concerned participates in the match...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4 The consequences of a match being declared forfeit are as follows:&#xA;  a) &lt;strong&gt;the team forfeiting the match is deemed to have lost 3-0&lt;/strong&gt; (5-0 in futsal&#xA;  competitions), unless the actual result is less favourable to the member&#xA;  association or club at fault..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T07:56:30.787" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T07:56:30.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13535" CreationDate="2016-04-20T07:38:52.633" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Different competitions have different suspension rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in most major competitions, it is not the job of the referee to check for eligibility of the players in a team's lineup. That job is given to an official provided by the competition organizers. This official shall check that every player mentioned in the team list (including substitutes) is eligible as per the competition rules. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If even this official does not spot that a suspended player has been selected, the match can either be handed to the opposing team by forfeit, or be replayed, again depending on competition rules or decision made by the organizers of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the third qualifying round for the 2014/15 UEFA Champions League, Scottish club Celtic &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/champions-league/celtic-boss-deila-admits-controversial-champions-league-saga-has-left-him-feeling-very-strange-30492683.html&quot;&gt;should have lost 6-1 on aggregate&lt;/a&gt; to Polish club Legia Warsaw. After losing the away game 4-1, Celtic then lost 2-0 at home. However, it transpired that Legia had &lt;strong&gt;used a suspended player as a substitute&lt;/strong&gt; towards the end of the second leg. Celtic were consequently &lt;strong&gt;awarded a 3-0 victory&lt;/strong&gt; and went through on away goals after the aggregate score was tied at 4-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T07:38:52.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13540" CreationDate="2016-04-20T11:04:33.380" Score="1" ViewCount="488" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been going through &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5343/10319&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; when I stumbled across this doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there anything like bat tampering in cricket?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did a quick search through the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/SearchForm?Search=bat%20tamper&amp;amp;Category=283&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lords Laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt;, however, I haven't found any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there exists something like tampering related to the bat, then is there an official name for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T06:35:55.680" Title="Does bat tampering exist in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13240" CreationDate="2016-04-20T11:46:11.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use your underarms, not your hands to break your fall. Turn away your head so you don't crash facefirst into the ice if your arms slide away to the sides. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11198" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T11:46:11.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13538" CreationDate="2016-04-20T11:51:01.883" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentially, no. So long as the bat conforms to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat/&quot;&gt;Law 6, The bat&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-e-the-bat/&quot;&gt;Appendix E, The Bat&lt;/a&gt; and any playing conditions under which the match is being played, &quot;anything goes&quot; (although the Laws are restrictive in what is allowed). In general, bats are set up to be as good as they can be at hitting the ball, so there would be no advantage to be gained from &quot;tampering&quot; with the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing a batsman might want to do is to make the bat wider or longer, but it's hard to see how that could happen while they're at the crease without it being &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T11:51:01.883" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5731" CreationDate="2016-04-20T12:48:02.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is like playing a mini game but doesn't have a specific name for it. If you observe both videos you will find that this was done in the end of the match. People do this when they have no hope of winning. Though it not very sportive it is still done. Hope your query is cleared! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11184" LastEditorUserId="11184" LastEditDate="2016-04-24T02:51:17.377" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T02:51:17.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9037" CreationDate="2016-04-20T12:55:23.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is actually not advised to play table tennis outdoors directly the sun as it will cause damage (warping)to the table's surface. A blue table is the best because it provides the best vision of the ball (White or yellow). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11184" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T12:55:23.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7241" CreationDate="2016-04-20T14:25:38.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under IIHF Rules, the following applies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULE 73 – PUCK STRIKING AN ON-ICE OFFICIAL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i.   Game action will not be stopped because the puck touches an&#xA;  on-ice  official during the regular course of play except when: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The puck enters the goal net as a result of that contact; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The puck goes out of play as a result of that contact; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;An on-ice official is injured.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ii.   If  the  attacking  team  scores  a  goal  because  the  puck &#xA;  deflects  or bounces directly off an on-ice official, the goal will&#xA;  not be allowed and  the ensuing  faceoff  will  take  place  at  the &#xA;  nearest  faceoff  spot  to   where the puck made contact with the&#xA;  on-ice official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;iii.  If the puck hits an on-ice official and is subsequently put into&#xA;  the goal  net in any legal manner, the goal will be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;iv.   If the puck leaves the playing area after hitting an on-ice&#xA;  official in the neutral zone, the ensuing faceoff will take place at&#xA;  the faceoff spot in  the neutral zone nearest to where the puck made&#xA;  contact with the  on-ice official. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;v.    If  the  puck  leaves  the  playing  area  after  hitting  an &#xA;  on-ice  official in either end zone, the ensuing faceoff will take&#xA;  place at the faceoff spot in  the  end  zone  nearest  to  where  the &#xA;  puck  made  contact  with  the on-ice official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the interference be intentional, the league will probably take action against the linesman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11198" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T14:25:38.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13548" CreationDate="2016-04-20T17:07:00.843" Score="6" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just realized I didn't really have a definitive answer to this subtlety of the offside rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player is in offside position at the time of the pass but not affecting the play, no offside will be called. At what point is this player allowed to return to the play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He must &quot;tag up&quot; at the original position of the offside line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He must &quot;tag up&quot; with the current position of the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He can't enter play until a turnover has occurred.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He should just lie on the pitch and contemplate life until a stoppage in play or the ball returns across half.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11201" LastEditorUserId="11201" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T18:24:31.957" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T05:25:13.287" Title="Football offside tag up" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13547" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-20T17:41:41.460" Score="6" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me start this off by saying that I have played baseball my whole life, and actually played in college (not for a club team.. the actual team) and  I can't think of why this method of training is preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of younger, developing players (middle school, high school, &amp;amp; college) prefer to hit with woodbats during their winter training, rather than the bats that they are going to be using during the regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the only reason why I have heard as to why this is, is because a woodbat has a smaller 'sweet spot' if you will, or in other words, it doesn't have as much forgiveness as a metal / aluminum bat.  So in translation, if you can make solid contact with a woodbat, then you definitely can make solid contact with a metal / aluminum bat, especially with the amount of forgiveness that those bats give.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question to that is.. why would you train with a bat that you only use a few months out of the year and you don't use in games?  Shouldn't you train with what you are going to use in games, so that you can build large amounts of confidence with that piece of equipment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastEditorUserId="11009" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T17:49:37.330" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T20:11:31.933" Title="Why are woodbats preferred to train with over aluminum bats?" Tags="|baseball|equipment|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13546" CreationDate="2016-04-20T18:51:06.500" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (Law&amp;nbsp;11, p.&amp;nbsp;36) state that you have committed an offside offense if you are in an offside position and the referee determines you've gained an advantage or affected the play. Here's the exact wording:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball&#xA;  touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee,&#xA;  involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Tagging up&quot; doesn't do anything, as the player was still offside when the ball was touched by his teammate and is now interfering with the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the opponent touches the ball, the player who was offside can re-enter play, as long as he's not interfering with the opponent (at the judgement of the referee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a teammate of his who was not offside at the time of the play gets the ball and then passes it to him (and he's not now offside), then he can participate in the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a bit of clarification in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_11_offside_en_47383.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA discussion of Law 11&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="5030" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T23:49:35.703" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T23:49:35.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13552" CreationDate="2016-04-21T01:23:55.817" Score="6" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;First base is occupied. Batter hits the ball and is thrown out at first (first). Does the runner have to be tagged at second or is it a force out.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11204" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T05:18:19.257" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T14:33:02.463" Title="Base running in softball" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13546" CreationDate="2016-04-21T01:35:32.167" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/13548/3526&quot;&gt;accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; covers it fairly well. I will add that in order to minimise referee discretion / judgement and therefore increase consistency, FIFA / IFAB have made it more clear cut than the answer suggests as to when previously offside players may re-involve themselves in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, when a player is an offside position, a teammate touches the ball, the player in an offside position may not be involved in active play (ie. interfere with play or an opponent) again until:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball is &lt;em&gt;deliberately played&lt;/em&gt; by an opponent, unless the deliberate play is a save (in which case the player originally in an offside position is still restricted from touching the ball);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 111 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“gaining an advantage by being in that position” means playing a ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i. that rebounds or is deflected to him off the goalpost, crossbar or an&#xA;  opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ii. that rebounds, is deflected or is played to him from a deliberate save by an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent, who&#xA;  deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save), is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball is &lt;em&gt;touched&lt;/em&gt; by a teammate while the player originally in an offside position is standing in an onside position;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 36 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball goes out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This isn't explicitly written in the Laws, but logically, any restart taken by an opponent is an example of deliberately playing the ball and any restart taken by a teammate is either exempt from offside (ie. throw-in, goal kick, corner kick), or will result in offside being re-evaluated when the restart is taken.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-04-23T05:25:13.287" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T05:25:13.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13549" CreationDate="2016-04-21T02:16:58.260" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the runner is thrown out at first, the runner who was on first is no longer forced anywhere.  He must be tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two reasons why it is best to throw out the lead runner first:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the runner is not forced at the next base, he must be tagged.  If you throw out the runner behind the lead runner, he is no longer forced to advance (he could return to the previous base), and you create extra work for yourself by having to tag him.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lead runner is the closest runner to home plate - i.e. the closest to scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="9567" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T14:33:02.463" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T14:33:02.463" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13554" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-21T16:51:31.063" Score="8" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright. So for a bit of backstory I am 16 and until this point in my life I have been a rugby player in the UK, and honestly a very good one. I truly believe I had a shot at a professional career, and was lined up for some scholarships. However a recent seizure led to me being taken to a hospital where it was discovered I had a partially inoperable benign brain tumour. It is above the brain mass that controls movement on the left side of my body and as I am left handed they want to avoid surgery at all costs unless my seizures become more frequent, so basically it stays and I take pills forever. At my age even if I did get surgery (which they don't want) it would be a minimum of 2 years before I'd be allowed to play rugby again. That basically means I've missed my shot and I won't get another, pro rugby is done for me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now it took me some time but I've accepted it and moved past that fact, and I've decided I need to find a new team sport to play, as although I enjoy cycling it misses a certain thing that I love in competitive team sports (I'm not trying to go pro in a different sport, don't worry). As a result I've looked at joining a five aside football team, but I know very little about football. As in I probably have about 200 minutes combined time on a football pitch my whole life. Never played it with my family, got out of it at school, played rugby with all my friends, etc. So I am clueless. I've been googling the rules for the last 45 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried to ask friends and PE teachers, but I am an anomaly in England, someone who managed to just never play football is very, very rare. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know I've gone on but basically what would be the essential things to learn before even trying to join a five a side team if you were absolutely, completely new to the sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10872" LastEditorUserId="10319" LastEditDate="2016-04-23T15:14:26.320" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T15:14:26.320" Title="What would be the essential things to learn to get good enough to play on a small football team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12637" CreationDate="2016-04-21T19:45:54.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no right or optimal place to hit a ball on the tennis racket that applies to everyone. Everyone plays differently and looks to get a different type of result out of each shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm definitely no expert on the physics of tennis, but I can tell you from experience, where on your racket you should aim to hit the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The part labeled &lt;strong&gt;Node&lt;/strong&gt;, is probably the best for when you your trying to roll a nice spin ball off your racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The part labeled &lt;strong&gt;COP&lt;/strong&gt;, is the opposite, and should be used when hitting a slice ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while the bottom area of the racket (labeled &lt;strong&gt;Best Bounce&lt;/strong&gt; in your image), is usually used for a flat ball because the ball doesn't need much room to roll on your racket, I would stay away from it in many cases. If you're a player who enjoys smacking that ball when you're on the offensive, then go ahead. But it's not always the best for &lt;strong&gt;Touch&lt;/strong&gt;. That area of the racket is usually unpredictable and isn't optimal for a volley or drop shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When hitting a serve, just anywhere in the middle of the racket is fine. It all really depends on where you're placing it anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, don't try to base your tennis off of science and physics. It can only help so much, and feel is the best way to truly learn. Besides, nobody is perfect and can hit those exact areas on the racket every time. I would just try to drill as much as possible, until you develop your own areas for hitting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10944" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T19:45:54.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13554" CreationDate="2016-04-22T03:03:38.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The rules/laws and regulations you'll be playing under. This gives you a sense of the structure behind the game, and for example, why it's being kicked in from there instead of here, or why that player got a card when this one isn't, and an idea of what you can or can't do, when and where.&lt;br&gt;Full rules/laws can usually be found on official international governing body websites, with national and local changes often on their respective association websites.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basic skills. How to move in possession, how to pass, how to receive, how to shoot, how to dispossess opponents, how to block shots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basic tactics. These can vary by code and by team structure, but some universals include switching play, counter attack, offside trap, set-play positioning and motive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T03:03:38.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-22T04:35:28.327" Score="3" ViewCount="4518" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the run count in the following situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bases are loaded with no outs. The batter hits a line drive to the pitcher. The runner on third base tags up by touching third base, runs home and touches home plate. The runner on second does not tag up, the pitcher throws the ball to second base to get the out. The runner on first base also does not tag up, and they throw the ball to first base to get him out. The outs were made after the runner on third touched home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11213" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-10T19:56:28.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T06:13:51.890" Title="Runner on third tags up on caught ball, the other two do not, does the run score?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13554" CreationDate="2016-04-22T07:02:02.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coming from Rugby football, you've got at least a head start compared to someone completely new to team sports. A couple of things you can take with you are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Passing. Like Rugby, if a team mate is in space pass him the ball.       Then try to support him by getting in space to get a pass back. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Defending as a team. You need to account for all opponents, avoid    getting beaten 1 on 1, and support each other when possible.    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Playing    as a team. You can make up for a lack of skill by playing    unselfishly    (pass when possible), tracking back and playing    competetively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many skills you need to learn, and you need to find a team that practice regularly and will give you time to learn from them. &lt;strong&gt;Passing&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;receiving a pass&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;shooting&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;tackling&lt;/strong&gt; are all obvious things that any player needs to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But coming from Rugby I would suggest two things that may be alien at first&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jockeying. My image of a prop-forward moving to football is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWIUp19bBoA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;something like this&lt;/a&gt;: rush the player with the ball. But any half-decent player who can see you coming will be able to sidestep you, and move past you. It is often better to try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs_tBNXn7Dc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;jockey the player with the ball&lt;/a&gt;, and wait for him to make a mistake or until you have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72z5H9hkYGM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;chance to take the ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccer-training-info.com/shielding_the_soccer_ball.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Shielding the ball&lt;/a&gt;. Not a good idea in Rugby, as some heavy prop forward will slam into your kidneys within a couple of seconds. But in football, you can't tackle from behind, so it can be a good way to buy some time until you can find a teammate to pass to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T07:02:02.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1227" CreationDate="2016-04-22T07:44:28.873" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first Player to win the Big Three (All-Star, League, and Finals MVP) was Willis Reed of the NY Knicks in 1970. Michael was the second and Shaq was not the only one to win the All-Star MVP in 2000. He had to share it with Tim Duncan. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA All Star Game Most Valuable Player Award&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11215" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T07:44:28.873" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13561" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-22T08:10:32.970" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the last year I have been, on and off, troubled by what I believe is &lt;em&gt;swimmer's elbow&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pain does not prevent me from swimming but it is affecting my ability to pull with maximum force in the front &amp;amp; back crawl and especially the butterfly, which I have found to be the stroke that aggravates it the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The majority of the pain exists just behind and in front of the elbow, as if it's the tendons or something (I'm not a physio so this is my best description).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pain does linger during the day and can affect some actions eg. I wince sometimes when putting on or taking off a t-shirt, but I wouldn't describe it as disabling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is this something I can avoid, perhaps by strengthening muscles further up the arm and, if so, what would they be?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is there anything I can do when I have the pain, to get rid of it? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2248" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T12:28:25.407" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T12:28:25.407" Title="Swimmer's elbow problems" Tags="|technique|swimming|injuries|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-04-22T13:47:05.323" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-22T09:59:10.730" Score="5" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I captain a team made up of a group of players coming from very different backgrounds, something quite common in our sport. Some of them, all in their 20s, have no prior sports experience, and their main &quot;physical&quot; issue is that even if they have learnt some skills specific to our sport they lack overall coordination and dexterity, making them less adaptable on the pitch and slower learners in training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should I do to help them develop their motor skills and proprioception? Are there exercises I can teach them that they can replicate at home in their own time without needing complicated equipment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T09:59:10.730" Title="Training motor skills for inexperienced athletes" Tags="|training|coaching|quidditch|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13557" CreationDate="2016-04-22T14:12:38.540" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, the situation you described makes those runners seem like very poor base-runners.  A runner should never tag up from 3rd on a line-drive back to the pitcher (let alone any line-drive hit within the infield) ESPECIALLY with 0 outs.  The correct action to take is for the baserunners to freeze until they see the whole play.. if the ball is caught go back to the bag, if the ball is dropped then either run or stay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, I am editing my initial answer... I didn't read the whole scenario (the last sentence).. if the runner who touched home beat out the pitcher turning a triple play.. then this rule is not applied and the run should count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) the batter-runner never got a chance to touch first and was indeed out before the runner who was on 3rd touched home, but the batter-runner wasn't the 3rd out..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) none of those runner's were &lt;em&gt;forced to go the next base&lt;/em&gt; once the ball was caught by the pitcher&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) I am assuming that all runners touched all of the bases (well at least the bases that they got to, and the preceding ones)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I would say that run did count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastEditorUserId="11009" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T14:20:05.087" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T14:20:05.087" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13565" CreationDate="2016-04-22T14:26:36.247" Score="4" ViewCount="1065" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, think about this -&#xA;A player in the middle of a match flicks the ball up then when its in the air, he stretches his shirt on the bottom for the ball to enter inside his shirt. Now its inside his shirt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can he score a ball like that? I mean, I don't think there's a rule that disallows it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11106" LastEditorUserId="11106" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T04:36:51.423" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T04:36:51.423" Title="What if a player uses his shirt" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13564" CreationDate="2016-04-22T17:56:09.770" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not allowed. Although there is no specific rule that disallows it, it falls under the &quot;handling of the ball&quot; action and is illegal. FIFA makes this clear in the notes on Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find the following text on page 121 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handling the ball involves a deliberate act of a player making contact with&#xA;  the ball with his hand or arm. The referee must take the following into&#xA;  consideration:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an&#xA;  infringement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;touching the ball with an object held in the hand (clothing, shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;hitting the ball with a thrown object (boot, shinguard, etc.) counts as an&#xA;  infringement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth bullet point (in bold) would preclude a player from stretching out their clothing to catch or touch the ball in some way. A deliberate handling of the ball leads to a restart of play by direct kick for the opposing team. Since it was a deliberate act, the player may receive a yellow card for unsporting behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T18:28:33.397" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T18:28:33.397" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13566" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-22T22:06:02.403" Score="3" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, the Stars and the Caps for this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is modern era, where we've had full 4-tier playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1555" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:37:27.787" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:37:27.787" Title="Have the top two teams in the NHL ever met in the Stanley Cup Finals?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13619" CreationDate="2016-04-23T00:39:57.197" Score="9" ViewCount="22260" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is quite natural that various part of hockey game have different dynamics and also different likelihood of scoring a goal. There are several factors. Players get more tired with time. In second period the bench is further from the defensive zone, which makes change more difficult. Close to the end to the game it is more usual that the trailing team often pulls the goalie, which increases the change of empty net goal but also of scoring by the team with more skaters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are statistics breaking down average number of goals by period (or even by shorter time spans) available somewhere? (For example for NHL or for other competitions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-11-08T12:19:30.393" LastActivityDate="2024-02-09T04:46:34.897" Title="In which part of ice hockey game most goals are scored?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13535" CreationDate="2016-04-23T04:19:59.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, that happened once to our country. A player was given a red card in the previous match and in the next one, nobody ever noticed it but he was playing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee didn't notice until he made a corner kick that resulted to a goal so Even though we were leading, we lost 3-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11106" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T04:19:59.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13566" CreationDate="2016-04-23T07:27:07.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. The NHL spent 25 years with only six teams (the &quot;Original Six&quot; era), and to some extent only three of those teams were competitive, so this has happened many times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going even further back (to the 1920s), the playoffs were just a matchup between the top two teams, so this was guaranteed to happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-04-23T07:35:52.620" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T07:35:52.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5386" CreationDate="2016-04-23T12:48:47.903" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's quite easily the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of 1976-1977, when they lost 26 consecutive games, going 0-14 in their inaugural season, then losing their first 12 games in their second.&#xA;I believe they were shut out five times in 1976, which is unheard of in modern football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11220" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T12:48:47.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7269" CreationDate="2016-04-23T12:51:12.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern NFL football, this would be the Miami Dolphins, who shutout the Baltimore Colts 4 consecutive times, from January 2, 1972 (AFC Championship) to November 11, 1973. &#xA;The cumulative score of all four games was 104-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11220" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T12:51:12.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16787" CreationDate="2016-04-23T12:53:12.290" Score="7" ViewCount="3203" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giampaolo_Pozzo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Giampaolo Pozzo&lt;/a&gt; is owner of Udinese Calcio in Italy and Granada CF in Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would happen if both teams were to qualify for the same European competition (for example, Europa League) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, has there ever been a situation like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T20:49:39.330" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T20:49:39.330" Title="Participation of different teams with the same owner in European cups" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13521" CreationDate="2016-04-24T03:18:48.057" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The material mostly used is high quality square mesh cotton material which ensures that it resists wear and tear.&#xA;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11184" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T03:18:48.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13521" CreationDate="2016-04-24T09:17:44.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Net goal should be made of &lt;strong&gt;hemp, jute, nylon or polypropylene&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here some commercial links: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/football-nets.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsystem.it/en/categoria-prodotto/games/soccer-and-reduced-soccer/nets-for-standard-and-reduced-soccer-goals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dsr.wa.gov.au/support-and-advice/facility-management/developing-facilities/dimensions-guide/sport-specific-dimensions/football-%28soccer%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;some more info&lt;/a&gt; (take a lok at goals section)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T15:41:14.817" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T15:41:14.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13378" CreationDate="2016-04-24T10:54:11.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, if the ball is able to be hit from a higher position, more power can be put into the shot because the ball needs less overspin to clear the net, with the power of the shot going into the velocity of the ball instead. This increased power could however cause newer or less skilled players to be more likely to hit the shot into the net or otherwise miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are not really any advantages to hitting the ball from a lower position. The ball requires more overspin to loop over the net and land in, thus reducing the velocity of the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11223" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T10:54:11.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="731" CreationDate="2016-04-24T17:23:57.147" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only problem I have with this rule is the ball hitting the ground or plate before it gets to the catcher.  Whether they call it a &quot;dropped&quot; third strike or an &quot;uncaught&quot; third strike, it hasn't gotten to the catcher yet.....if he/she catches it when it gets there, it should be an out....similar to a caught foul tip.  I see no merit in a batter swinging at a ball bouncing in the dirt being rewarded in all instances.&#xA;Steve B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11225" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T17:23:57.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-24T23:24:45.310" Score="3" ViewCount="2165" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players are on 1st &amp;amp; 3rd . ball is pitched ,player on 1st runs to second but catcher doesn't throw it to second. Is this still counted as a stolen base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11204" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T01:43:15.577" Title="Stolen bases in softball" Tags="|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-25T14:59:37.623" Score="2" ViewCount="2410" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the time of delivery, if a fielder fielding near the boundary line fails to come into the ground will it be called a NO Ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11230" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T17:21:01.790" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T17:21:01.790" Title="What happens if the fielder fails to walk in from outside the boundary ropes when the ball is delivered?" Tags="|rules|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13583" CreationDate="2016-04-25T15:18:18.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The reasons for a no ball are listed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 24&lt;/a&gt; (and the subsidiary bits mentioned in Law 24.9) and do not include &quot;fielder not in the field of play&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In theory, Law 2, Section 6 says that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player comes on to the field of play &lt;em&gt;[without permission of the umpires]&lt;/em&gt; and comes into contact with the ball while it is in play,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) the ball shall immediately become dead and the umpire shall award 5 penalty runs to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's clearly not the intent of this law to be applied to players who were signing autographs at the boundary between balls, even if they didn't quite make it back onto the field by the time the ball was bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think the simple answer here is: nothing happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T15:18:18.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13586" CreationDate="2016-04-25T17:58:41.237" Score="6" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a golf tournament the winner is the player who completes the tournament while taking the fewest strokes. It doesn't matter whether he shoots a five under or a five over, as long as he has taken fewer strokes than any other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why do the scorers bother comparing any golfer's score to the average score on the course? The only reason I can think of would be for the purpose of comparing golfers on different courses, but as far as I know, this isn't done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11045" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:40:02.143" Title="What is the point of keeping track of pars?" Tags="|golf|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13585" CreationDate="2016-04-25T20:34:16.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Handicapping/handicap-manual.html#!rule-14370&quot;&gt;USGA&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Par&quot;  is the score that a scratch golfer would be expected to make for a typical hole. Par means expert play under ordinary conditions, allowing two strokes on the putting green. Par is not a significant factor in either the USGA Handicap System or USGA Course Rating System. (See Section 16.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, par is not the average score of the course, but rather what a golfer with a 0 handicap would be expected to achieve on the hole/course/tournament.  Furthermore, the USGA defines &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/Handicapping/handicap-manual.html#!rule-14401&quot;&gt;yardages&lt;/a&gt; to use for computing par on a hole, which are to be adhered to barring unique features of a hole increasing the number of shots a scratch player would expect to need to reach the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparing a golfer's score against par allows you to quickly access how well/poorly a player is preforming against that &quot;shots needed to reach the green and two puts&quot; benchmark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T20:34:16.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13579" CreationDate="2016-04-25T20:56:21.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NCAA, this would depend on the circumstances of the game.  If the runner were effectively immaterial to the outcome of the game - either because the winning run is the runner on third, or because more than two runs are needed to tie the game, and it is the bottom of the last inning (seventh or later) - then the stolen base might not be counted due to defensive indifference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this is up to the official scorer.  In cases that are not the final inning, the above scenario (first and third) might be still considered defensive indifference, if the scorer ruled that the catcher held the ball in order to prevent the runner on third from scoring.  If they ruled that the base was already clearly stolen (and the lack of throw was due to the unlikelihood of catching the runner) then it should be a stolen base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Softball/softball%20easy%20print%20stats%20manual.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA Rulebook, rule 14, Official Scorer&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.2.7 Defensive Indifference: Scoring term to describe the lack of a defensive play on a runner or base runner running the bases after a&#xA;  batted ball, or a base runner attempting to steal a base after a pitch&#xA;  when the player’s advance is perceived to have no bearing on the&#xA;  outcome of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A. R. 14.2.7.1 In the bottom of the seventh&#xA;    inning with no one out and the winning run on third base, the batter&#xA;    taps the ball to the pitcher who makes no throw to first base to&#xA;    prevent the winning run from scoring. RULING—Credit the batter with a&#xA;    fielder’s choice to gain first base and an additional fielder’s choice&#xA;    if she gains second base due to indifference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A.R. 14.2.7.2 In the&#xA;    bottom of the seventh inning with no one out, base runners on first&#xA;    and third bases, the base runner from first base advances to second&#xA;    base with no play by the catcher to prevent the winning run from&#xA;    scoring. RULING—Credit the base runner with a fielder’s choice to gain&#xA;    second base due to indifference. (See Rule 14.7.2.5 and 14.15)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.leaguelineup.com/suburbansoftballsummer/files/2010%20NFHS%20Softball%20Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFHS rulebook&lt;/a&gt; - sorry only 2010 was easy to find - also would consider this possibility, though they cover it in an oblique way.  Under Stolen Base, they have only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 55 STOLEN BASE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A stolen base is the advance of a runner to the next base without the aid of a&#xA;    base hit, a putout, a fielding error, a passed ball or a wild pitch. A double or triple steal involves two or three runners, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they do define a fielder's choice to include the traditional Defensive Indifference, as in the NCAA (and MLB) rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c. because of a fielder’s choice when a fielder attempts to put out another&#xA;   runner but is unsuccessful and the scorekeeper believes the batter-runner&#xA;  would have reached first base even with perfect fielding.&#xA;  NOTE: Scorekeepers use the term in the following ways: (1 ) to indicate the advance of&#xA;  the batter-runner who takes one or more bases when the fielder who handles the batted&#xA;  ball plays on a preceding runner; (2) to indicate the advance of a runner, other than by&#xA;  stolen base (F.P.) or error, while a fielder is trying to putout another runner; and (3) to&#xA;  indicate the advance of a runner due to the defensive team’s refusal to play on the runner&#xA;  (F.P., an undefended steal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, (3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sfcoedchurchleague.com/asasoftballrb.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ASA rules&lt;/a&gt; (link from Mastermind Ed's answer) do not include an explanation of &quot;fielder's choice&quot;, but they do include that as part of the exceptions to what is considered a stolen base.  I don't see as clear of evidence, thus, but a reasonable reading would include defensive indifference as a fielder's choice (literally) and thus, also, would mean that it would not be considered a stolen base, if it met the other criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-04-25T20:56:21.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13588" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-26T01:17:24.513" Score="26" ViewCount="801" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the commentary on the tragic 2005 Leavander Johnson/Jesus Chavez fight, which claimed the life of Leavander Johnson, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/F4yeA1uHiXI?t=43m49s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;commentator Jim Lampley said that there are two things that seem to be &quot;constant&quot; in recent fights where a boxer was seriously - sometimes permanently - injured&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the recent history of the sport, when you look at fights where one fighter has been badly, sometimes permanently damaged, two constants seem to be part of the formula. Number one, the opponent who is doing the damage is a hard  hitter, but not a big enough hitter to put the opponent away. &lt;strong&gt;Number two, the guy who is getting worked over has his father in the corner as his trainer, constantly sending him back to take more punishment.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The announcer actually said, in the 10th round, that he hoped that wouldn't be the case for Leavander Johnson, and the fight was stopped early in the 11th round;  however, Leavander Johnson died 5 days later from his injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little research on my part turned up &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-31/sports/sp-63078_1_california-ring&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an earlier article from the LA Times&lt;/a&gt;, which listed other fighters who were killed in their bouts and had their fathers in their corners:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Johnny Owens (1980)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Kiko Bejines (1983)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Rico Velazquez (1988)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Jimmy Garcia (1995)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fernie Morales (1991)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More recently, in 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-11-24/news/0911230663_1_chicago-boxer-fatal-boxing-community&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Francisco &quot;Paco&quot; Rodriguez&lt;/a&gt; was killed in the ring, with his father in the corner.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/document/d/17osnLRiUHzBSsWIgkNRt9tFI_TgY6nBF4lBPbbZbDwg/edit?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's a slightly more thorough list&lt;/a&gt; of boxers who were killed or seriously injured in the ring since 1980 with their fathers in their corners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the four main sanctioning bodies in professional boxing, the World Boxing Council (or WBC) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/world-boxing-council-daddy-issues-article-1.418597&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;actually has rules on the books&lt;/a&gt; prohibiting fathers from their son's corners because of the alleged correlation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dr. Paul Wallace, chairman of the WBC's medical advisory board, said that a study in California backed up the WBC's rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The most common factor out of all the fatalities that had happened, was having fathers in the corner,&quot; he said of the study. &quot;Now, that's not something that's a medical issue, but it's something that's clearly an association.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/world-boxing-council-daddy-issues-article-1.418597&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NY Daily News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The State Athletic Commissions of California and Nevada, which are responsible for regulating safety in the ring, also believe the link exists:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prompted by Garcia's death [in May 1995], the California Athletic Commission conducted a preliminary inquiry into California ring injuries since 1980.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was discovered that &lt;strong&gt;four of the seven most serious head injuries reviewed--including all three California ring-related deaths--involved fighters whose fathers worked their corners&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard DeCuir, the commission's executive director&lt;/strong&gt;, admits the examination was not scientific--&quot;The numbers have not been scrubbed,&quot; he said--yet &lt;strong&gt;the findings struck him as alarmingly disproportionate&lt;/strong&gt;, given the best estimates that only 5%-7% of professional fighters are trained by relatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;DeCuir cannot speak to the specifics of each case nor is it his intention to implicate families that have already suffered, yet &lt;strong&gt;he suspects there is a correlation between ring injuries and relatives.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;I think we all pretty much believe that,&quot; DeCuir said.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DeCuir sent his information to Marc Ratner, head of the Nevada State Commission&lt;/strong&gt;, who is still grappling with Garcia's death in May.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It's something we have no choice but to address, because &lt;strong&gt;it is more than coincidence,&quot; Ratner said of the father-son issue.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-31/sports/sp-63078_1_california-ring&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LA Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quotes above make it clear that the issue has been investigated at least once, but the source &quot;admits the examination was not scientific--&quot;The numbers have not been scrubbed.&quot; Thus, we can't resolve the issue with certainty unless someone has done a more scientific study.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has there ever been a serious analysis into the possible correlation between permanent injury/deaths in the ring, and having one's father in the corner?  Do we know if there is actually a statistical correlation between these two factors?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;Fortunately, Morales actually survived, but suffered a blood clot in his brain, had to have emergency brain surgery to remove it, and never fought again.  Sadly, all the others on the list died from their injuries.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastEditorUserId="9598" LastEditDate="2016-10-02T02:51:59.533" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T14:11:48.823" Title="Is there a connection between serious injuries/deaths in boxing and having one's father in one's corner?" Tags="|statistics|training|injuries|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13590" CreationDate="2016-04-26T02:13:12.147" Score="5" ViewCount="1707" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player drops his stick and a player of the opposing team kicks it away from him as he tries to reach for it, will the opposing player get penalized? A common situation would be when the goalie loses his stick. It would be good strategy for the opposing team to kick the stick away from him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about if a teammate kicks it towards the player who has dropped his stick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T01:07:20.250" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T01:07:20.250" Title="Can you kick a stick in NHL?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13589" CreationDate="2016-04-26T06:14:08.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the text of rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1084676-rule-625-interference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;625-a-6&lt;/a&gt;, your first situation is considered interference, and the player who kicks away the stick from an opponent is assessed a minor penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for teammates helping each other, this is not disallowed, and nor is there much reason to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-04-26T13:58:04.840" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T13:58:04.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13547" CreationDate="2016-04-26T13:04:05.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A reason to use a bat with a smaller sweet spot during practice is to train your accuracy. A lot of training revolves around optimizing your technique. Hitting with a wooden bat requires better technique (I don't play baseball, this is an assumption) or forces you to read the trajectory of the pitch better. During practice, it doesn't matter if you miss, so you should focus on that so when a real game happens, you're confident in your skill to strike the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly in soccer, when you dribble around cones. Rare are the times where you're going to slalom with the ball, but it increases your ball control and gives you confidence since you can consistently do something harder than you need in a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T13:04:05.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4915" CreationDate="2016-04-26T15:30:23.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160506130651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Stanley_Cup_Finals_broadcasters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Since 1995&lt;/a&gt;, the Stanley Cup Finals have had two or three games broadcast on a cable channel, and the rest of the games shown on a broadcast network.  Before 1995, going back to 1981, almost all finals games were on cable channels.  (1981 is around the time that national cable channels were just starting to take off.)  From 1976-1979, the finals were syndicated on broadcast channels, and before that, only a few games were televised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately for those of us that watch free TV, there is a recent trend toward putting more sports events on pay TV, despite the lower ratings.  The majority of this years NCAA basketball tournament, including all the games of the Final Four, were on cable TV only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the Stanley Cup Finals, the fact that not all the games are shown on broadcast TV might be due to the fact that hockey is not as popular in the U.S. as baseball, football, or basketball.  However, it could also be that, just like the NCAA tournament, the networks are trying to encourage cable TV subscriptions by hosting more big sports events on pay TV-only outlets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T17:00:24.520" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T17:00:24.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13547" CreationDate="2016-04-26T20:11:31.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question,&quot;Why would you train with a bat that you only use a few months out of the year and you don't use in games?&quot; It comes down to learning the fundamentals. Functionally, a wood bat and aluminum bat serve the same purpose, however, as both you and akadian alluded to, there is a smaller sweet-spot on a wood bat, and you get a lot more &quot;real&quot; feedback, if you will. This trains the batter to work with a smaller margin of error, so when they are swinging their aluminum bat in a game, they are more likely to make good contact, even if they are a little early/late getting to the pitch, because they have trained to be more precise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On an extreme level, many players also use some type of training bat that is much thinner than a normal bat (usually a shortened broom handle) and hit either ping pong balls or whiffle golf balls. It reduces the amount of physical exertion required to get hundreds of swings in per day, and trains an insane amount of hand-eye coordination. Speaking from experience, this exercise helps a LOT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a completely different note, however, there are also some practical reasons as well. One of these is keeping balls in the ballpark. All the way through high school (and to a lesser extent, college), there were 3-4 of us on my team that would consistently hit balls over the fence numerous times during batting practice. This caused lots of wasted time due to fence hopping and ball finding, and also diminished our supply of baseballs rather quickly. Using a wood bat helps keep a lot of balls in the park that would otherwise go out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important thing, however, is MECHANICS MECHANICS MECHANICS!!!!! If you do not maintain good mechanics throughout EVERY single swing you take, you will not get the results you are looking for. So, whether it is hitting with a wood bat, aluminum bat, or a broom handle, the underlying mechanics should never change. Ultimately, I never found switching up &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; I am hitting, or what I am hitting it &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; to be an issue when it came to game time. Anyway, that's my $0.02, hope that helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10837" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T20:11:31.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-27T01:31:17.047" Score="6" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to get more data in relation to the issue that led me to ask &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13588/is-there-a-connection-between-serious-injuries-deaths-in-boxing-and-having-ones&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, I have the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Killed with father in the corner:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jimmy Garcia (1995)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johnny Owen [real name Johnny Owens]  (1980)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Francisco “Kiko” Bejines (1983)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rico Velazquez (1988)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leavander Johnson (2005)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Francisco “Paco” Rodriguez (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Braydon Smith (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bobby Tomasello (2000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;David “El Terry” Acevedo (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benjamin Flores (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Seriously injured with father in the corner:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/5977443/i-gotta-stop-it-your-sons-gonna-die-fight-finally-called-because-gabriel-rosado-couldnt-see-anything-through-his-blood-covered-face&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gabriel Rosado&lt;/a&gt; (2013)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fernie Morales (1991)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jason Rushton (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prichard Colon (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for any more cases in which a boxer was seriously or fatally injured  during a fight in which his father was in his corner, from 1980 to the present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T00:39:05.033" Title="Which boxers were killed or seriously injured in the ring with their father in their corner since 1980?" Tags="|training|injuries|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13598" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13607" CreationDate="2016-04-27T07:26:42.743" Score="3" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do the umpires do when a game ends on a scoring play, when an appeal (not video review) by the defense would succeed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:  bottom of the ninth, tie score, one out, runner on third.  The batter hits a deep fly ball, caught by the right fielder.  Runner on third tags up and scores the winning run.  Game over. Everyone leaves the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you're the third base umpire, and you know, without any doubt, that the runner on third left early, and, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the defensive team appeals, you need to be there to call the runner on third out with no run scored and the inning over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, to avoid giving hints to the defensive team, wouldn't you need to do the same thing (hang around third) if the runner had tagged up correctly?  To avoid warning the defense in those cases where there is a successful appeal available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3662" LastEditorUserId="3662" LastEditDate="2016-04-27T17:52:01.033" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T17:52:01.033" Title="Umpire induces appeal play?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13572" CreationDate="2016-04-27T07:47:57.317" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIK there is no rule against such situation yet, as explained by a journalistic article I read (I think it's on Guardian but currently I can't find exactly where). Maybe there will be future rules preventing conflict of interest, but not now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, Pozzo also owns Watford in England in addition to these two teams, and he already operated a lot of player transfers between the clubs to work around financial fair play restrictions. I don't think he was in any way punished or is in the danger of being punished because of those operations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3576" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T07:47:57.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13600" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-27T08:54:42.290" Score="6" ViewCount="1507" Body="&lt;p&gt;When bowler is bowling over the wicket and ball pitches out side off and is hitting the stumps, the LBW is given. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when bowler is bowling around the wicket and ball pitches out side of leg but hitting the stumps then why LBW is not given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can any body tell me logic behind this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2016-05-02T08:34:03.567" LastActivityDate="2016-05-02T08:34:03.567" Title="Why LBW is given not when ball is not pitched in Stump line while bowling around the wicket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13600" CreationDate="2016-04-27T09:15:02.990" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is in the rules.... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-36-leg-before-wicket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LAW 36 (LEG BEFORE WICKET)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out LBW in the circumstances set out below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;and (b) the ball, if it is not intercepted full pitch, pitches in line between wicket and wicket or &lt;strong&gt;on the off side&lt;/strong&gt; of the striker’s wicket,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is irrelevant as to whether the bowler delivers over or around the wicket. It has to do with whether the batsmen has the ball delivered on their off side or on (leg) side. If it pitches outside of leg it does not matter if the ball will hit the wickets or not, it will be given not out. &#xA;However if the ball pitches on the off side and is in line with the wickets it should be given out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why there is the difference, it may be hard to determine, but if it was allowed to be given out with a pitch outside leg then I would say most deliveries would be going there since it is harder to hit (and defend) a ball coming from that direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-04-29T21:42:47.393" LastActivityDate="2016-04-29T21:42:47.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13597" CreationDate="2016-04-27T12:57:32.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starting a community wiki based on your findings. Anyone is free to add onto these lists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Killed with father in the corner:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jimmy Garcia (1995)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johnny Owen [real name Johnny Owens]  (1980)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Francisco “Kiko” Bejines (1983)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rico Velazquez (1988)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leavander Johnson (2005)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Francisco “Paco” Rodriguez (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Braydon Smith (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bobby Tomasello (2000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;David “El Terry” Acevedo (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benjamin Flores (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Seriously injured with father in the corner:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://deadspin.com/5977443/i-gotta-stop-it-your-sons-gonna-die-fight-finally-called-because-gabriel-rosado-couldnt-see-anything-through-his-blood-covered-face&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gabriel Rosado&lt;/a&gt; (2013)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fernie Morales (1991)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jason Rushton (2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prichard Colon (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T12:57:32.323" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-04-27T12:57:32.323" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-27T13:55:11.923" Score="2" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to find out if there are any notable teams, in any sport, that are recognized at some level as part of two or more national bodies.&#xA;For example, imagine if the neighbouring Słubice (Poland) and Frankfurt an der Oder (Germany) had a joint  team, recognised in some form by both the Polish and German federations for said sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to find teams that participate in at least one official national and/or international competition for clubs.&#xA;I am &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; interested in: invitational teams and other similar groups that are assembled for exhibition mathces only, such as the Barbarians in rugby; multi-national sides competing officially only against national sides or similar multi-national sides, such as West Indies in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any such teams exists, please provide some details about which organisations they belong to, which competitions they take part in, and more generally which rules regulate or limit their multi-national nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T14:24:03.543" Title="Multi-national teams at club level" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13603" CreationDate="2016-04-27T14:24:03.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of anomalies around the Home Countries. Perhaps the closest to what you're thinking about involves &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrexham_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wrexham F.C.&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colwyn_Bay_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Colwyn Bay F.C.&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr_Town_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Merthyr Town F.C.&lt;/a&gt;, all of whom compete in the English football league and cup competitions, but are governed by the Football Association of Wales for administrative purposes. The more famous Welsh clubs in the top four tiers of the English league system are governed by the F.A., and are thus exclusively English clubs, despite actually playing in Wales.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T14:24:03.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1571" CreationDate="2016-04-27T17:30:40.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update for the 2013 CBA&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Performance bonuses are perfectly legal in the NHL CBA, and they count against the cap. Teams are allowed to exceed the cap by 7.5% as a result of performance bonuses (but not more than that), though of course they have expectations of whether a player is likely or unlikely to meet a goal and plan thereon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, only certain players are allowed to be given performance bonuses. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.capfriendly.com/faq#performance_bonus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;capfriendly&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player is on an entry-level contract.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player has signed a one-year contract and is over 35 years old.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player has signed a one-year contract after returning from a long-term injury (has played 400 or more games, and spent 100 or more days on the Injured Reserve in the last year of their most recent contract).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are players who the bonuses make the most sense for - players where you might want to give a contract to that is low in guarantee but allows them to make more if they do well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T17:30:40.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13598" CreationDate="2016-04-27T17:38:06.650" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpires don't just go take a nap after the game - there's plenty of time between the run actually scoring and them leaving for the opposing manager to let them know they'd like to appeal the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only restriction is that the defensive team must make the appeal before leaving the field (rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5.09(c)&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any appeal under this rule must be made before the next pitch, or&#xA;  any play or attempted play. If the violation occurs during a play&#xA;  which ends a half-inning, the appeal must be made before the&#xA;  defensive team leaves the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the defensive team's manager plans to appeal the play, he/she should let an umpire know in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T17:38:06.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10781" CreationDate="2016-04-27T18:11:43.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the ones listed by Philip, there have been many other instances of swimmers being DQ'd in top level meets, sometimes being overturned, sometimes not. The one that comes to mind is in 2004, Aaron Piersol was DQ'd for turning over onto his stomach too early in the 200m backstroke. It was later overturned, and many felt that the initial DQ was because he was critical of FINA and a Japanese swimmer, Kosuke Kitajima, for taking extra dolphin kicks in the breaststroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many times this is due to techniques and rules changing, such as the initial allowing of dolphin kicks on the backstroke, later reduced to 15m from the wall, not allowing dolphin kicks in breaststroke to allowing one (And this is very much abused) on the pushout from the wall. In addition, what might be allowed in an individual stroke race would not be allowed in a medley or medley relay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/sites/default/files/ma_2014_sw_M_5.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the file at this link&lt;/a&gt; is for the Masters FINA championships, you can go through and see DSQ for using tape on the body, using aids, no touch at turns/finish, illegal kicks/turns, etc. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/2015-fina-world-championships-swimming-full-results/international-elite/2015/August/2?ReturnUrl=/results/international-elite%3Fpage%3D1%26orderBy%3DResult.MeetStartDateTime%26sortDirection%3D1%26q%3D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This link shows&lt;/a&gt; the 2015 FINA World Championships, and it shows 14 people disqualified, but no reason given (Most will be a false start, that's the most common infraction).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T18:11:43.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13235" CreationDate="2016-04-28T04:16:43.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would turn things around. If you can definitely see - in real time - more than one touch during the set (ie touches by separate fingers or hands were definitely not simultaneous) then that is the only time you can call a double hit. As the answer from Philip Kendall explains, your definition of &quot;not simultaneous&quot; may be stricter for high level teams and more lenient for beginners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember that ball handling is one thing that players may never question the referee on - as it is quite context dependent. However it is up to you to draw a line and maintain it - throughout the match. Always try to use the technical terminology (catch and throw) rather than informal terms (like carry).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11246" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-04-28T08:25:43.430" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T08:25:43.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2580" CreationDate="2016-04-28T06:25:55.823" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it is not allowed by the rules, it is indeed possible, and has happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a 1951 in a test versus England, Alex Moir of New Zealand &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/alex-moir-bowls-two-consecutive-overs-in-a-test-innings-to-emulate-warwick-armstrong-24557&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bowled 2 successive overs&lt;/a&gt;, the last before tea and the first after the interval!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was an oversight on behalf of the umpires (and captains, batsmen and bowler as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11247" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T08:21:03.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13585" CreationDate="2016-04-28T07:48:38.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's worth mentioning that the Par for the course is what's used to work out your handicap adjustments at an amateur level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. If the par for the course is 72 and I have a hcap of 10 and I shoot 80, I'm net 70 and therefore 2 under my handicap. This would result in a handicap cut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I shoot 88, I'm net 78 and 6 over par and would get a handicap increase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a professional context, comparing scores to par for the overall course will give you an idea of how easy the course is playing. If people are shooting low 60's then the course is generally playing easy and if they are shooting mid 70's then it is likely playing hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both amateur and professional situations comparing vs par for each hole is useful for a number of reasons such as.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Competitions can work out which holes have the lowest score and highest score vs par, meaning they can rank the holes for difficulty across all competitors vs a common base level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exceptional scores can be noted, a 2 on a par 4 is exceptional, whereas a 2 on a par 3 is usually not as exceptional. &#xA;(This also works the other way, where in an amateur context exceptionally high scores may be discarded to avoid an increase if its felt that was a one off.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In stableford competitions par can be used to work out when you no longer score, meaning that things can be sped up. If my handicap doesn't allow me a shot on a par 3 and I've already taken 5 shots then there isn't any point me taking a 6th from a scoring perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10568" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T07:48:38.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13614" CreationDate="2016-04-28T12:44:18.500" Score="6" ViewCount="3629" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4919/how-many-times-has-a-sweep-occurred-during-the-stanley-cup-finals&quot;&gt;How many times has a 4 game sweep occurred during the Stanley Cup finals?&lt;/a&gt;, I was curious if there has ever been a team who has not lost a game during the NHL playoff to win the cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T03:56:06.653" Title="NHL Playoff Clean Sweep" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13613" CreationDate="2016-04-28T13:08:05.533" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Has there] ever been a team who has not lost a game during the NHL playoffs to win the [Stanley] cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 1939 (the first &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;best-of-seven&lt;/a&gt; Stanley Cup finals), this has taken place only twice, albeit during the era in which there were only six teams in the league (and two playoff rounds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1960.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1960&lt;/a&gt; - Montreal Canadiens&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1952.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1952&lt;/a&gt; - Detroit Red Wings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1984&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/a&gt;-1938, this took place five times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1930.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1930&lt;/a&gt; - Montreal Canadiens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1929.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1929&lt;/a&gt; - Boston Bruins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1927.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1927&lt;/a&gt; - Ottawa Senators&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1926.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1935.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1935&lt;/a&gt; - Montreal Maroons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 1939 (the first &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;best-of-seven&lt;/a&gt; Stanley Cup finals), the following teams lost only once on their way to the Stanley Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1948.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1948&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1949.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1949&lt;/a&gt; - Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1944.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1944&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1946.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1946&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1968.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1968&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;†&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1976.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;‡&lt;/sub&gt; - Montreal Canadiens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; † - 12 teams in the league (three playoff rounds) &lt;br&gt; ‡ - 18 teams in the league (three playoff rounds, division winners earned a bye to the quarterfinals) &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1984&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/a&gt;-1938, the following teams lost only once on their way to the Stanley Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1936.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1936&lt;/a&gt; - Detroit Red Wings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1934.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934&lt;/a&gt; - Chicago Black Hawks&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1933.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1933&lt;/a&gt; - New York Rangers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/NHL_1932.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1932&lt;/a&gt; - Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T18:24:02.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12566" CreationDate="2016-04-28T16:07:19.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To extend your point, being able to &quot;switch-pitch&quot;, that is, pitch with both your right and left arm, would be even more confusing to batters. And be able to throw from multiple arm angles with both arms!! Okay, enough sarcasm. Honestly, the reason is that most pitchers, biomechanically, have an arm slot that works for them to produce velocity, accuracy, and consistency. It is very common for pitchers to get to the major leagues with a certain arm slot, and have success, but for some reason either their pitching coach, or they themselves, will have the brilliant idea to change arm slots to &quot;create more movement&quot; or &quot;hide the ball better&quot;, etc. Unfortunately, however, at least from several pitchers I have seen, it has done more harm than good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples of this off the top of my head are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kevin Jepsen &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gammonsdaily.com/kevin-jepsens-new-arm-slot-productive-or-problematic/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gammonsdaily.com/kevin-jepsens-new-arm-slot-productive-or-problematic/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ubaldo Jimenez &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.denverpost.com/ci_18113125&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.denverpost.com/ci_18113125&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thecutoffman.mlblogs.com/2013/04/18/can-ubaldo-jimenez-be-fixed/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://thecutoffman.mlblogs.com/2013/04/18/can-ubaldo-jimenez-be-fixed/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jose Fernandez&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topvelocity.net/jose-fernandezs-slider-may-have-ruined-his-arm/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.topvelocity.net/jose-fernandezs-slider-may-have-ruined-his-arm/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are just a few examples to stir the pot, I am sure others will think of more, and also think of some examples who benefited tremendously from changing their arm slot. Consistency in mechanics &amp;amp; delivery is one of, if not the single most, important element in a successful pitcher. That being said, teaching a pitcher to change arm slots constantly can lead to inconsistency and injury. While it may work for some, my conclusion is that it will not work for the majority of pitchers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10837" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T16:07:19.160" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13711" CreationDate="2016-04-28T17:00:17.310" Score="3" ViewCount="869" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, &amp;quot;Strokes Gained&amp;quot; is a value of a golfer's performance compared to the average performance of other golfers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2011, the PGA Tour announced &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/stats/academicdata/shotlink.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strokes Gained: Putting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the average number of putts used to hole out from 7 feet&#xA;10 inches is 1.5. If a player one-putts from this distance, he gains&#xA;0.5 strokes. If he two-putts, he loses 0.5 strokes. If he three-putts, he loses 1.5 strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, the PGA Tour announced &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/company/2014/08/26/strokes-gained-tee-to-green-statistic.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strokes Gained: Tee-To-Green&lt;/a&gt;. This includes calculations on how to calculate Strokes Gained: Total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, a player’s score will be compared to the field’s average to&#xA;establish a Strokes Gained: Total number. For instance, if a player&#xA;shoots 68 and the field average is 70, his Total is +2.0. That number,&#xA;in turn, will equal the combination of Strokes Gained: Putting and&#xA;Strokes Gained: Tee-to-Green. So if the player is +1.2 in Strokes&#xA;Gained: Putting, his Strokes Gained: Tee-to-Green number is +0.8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this statement, the equation is: &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;total&lt;/sub&gt; = SG&lt;sub&gt;putting&lt;/sub&gt; + SG&lt;sub&gt;tee-to-green&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. However, &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;tee-to-green&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is derived from &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;total&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;putting&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; values. Thus, a golfer's &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;tee-to-green&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; value is inversely proportional to their &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;putting&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does &amp;quot;Strokes Gained: Tee-to-Green&amp;quot; objectify tee-to-green performance?&lt;/strong&gt; Is there any correlation between this statistic and the ball striking statistic&lt;sub&gt;†&lt;/sub&gt; + scrambling statistic, its individual parts, or other statistics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: The ball striking statistic and the scrambling statistic doesn't compare to the average performance of other golfers, but does objectively capture driving distance, accuracy, greens in regulation, sand saves, and other around the green recoveries.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; † - total driving [driving distance + accuracy] + greens in regulation&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pgatour.com/players/player.25900.lucas-glover.html/statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucas Glover&lt;/a&gt; is 1st in Ball Striking, 65th in Scrambling, and 45th in Strokes Gained: Tee-to-Green thus far during the 2016 PGA Tour season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gt8B7.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gt8B7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T21:01:16.640" Title="Does &quot;Strokes Gained: Tee-to-Green&quot; objectify tee-to-green performance?" Tags="|statistics|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13618" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-29T10:34:59.117" Score="1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule four of the Marquess of Queensberry Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If either man fall through weakness or otherwise, he must get up unassisted, ten seconds be allowed to do so, the other man meanwhile to return to his corner; and when the fallen man is on his legs the round is to be resumed and continued until the three minutes have expired. If one man fails to come to the scratch in the ten seconds allowed, it shall be in the power of the referee to give his awart in favour of the other man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlQ6l3un48Q&amp;amp;t=18m5s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we see Prince Naseem Hamed and Augie Sanchez get tangled up and fall, thought there was obviously no knockdown, just a pair of slips.  Hamed shows admirable sportsman ship in helping Sanchez to his feet, but the Marquess of Queensberry Rules are pretty clear on this point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If either man fall through weakness &lt;em&gt;or otherwise&lt;/em&gt;, he must get up &lt;em&gt;unassisted&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They both fell, not &amp;quot;through weakness&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;otherwise&amp;quot;;  Naz got up mostly &amp;quot;unassisted&amp;quot;, although the ref at least tried to help him;  but in any case, Sanchez clearly received help in standing back up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Did Hamed technically violate the fourth Queensberry Rule?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9598" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-04-29T10:34:59.117" Title="Does Naseem Hamed violate the Marquess of Queensberry Rules in this video?" Tags="|rules|officiating|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13567" CreationDate="2016-04-29T15:03:22.967" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL.com website has number of goals by period per team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Navigate to NHL.com -&gt; Statistics -&gt; Teams. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then, select a season and for &quot;Report,&quot; select &quot;Goals by Period.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In which part of ice hockey game most goals are scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20162017&amp;amp;seasonTo=20162017&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt;, here is the breakdown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1901 (.773 goals per game during this period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 2: 2323 (.944)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 3: 2290 (.931)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20152016&amp;amp;seasonTo=20152016&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-2016 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1787 (.726)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 2: 2255 (.917)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 3: 2355 (.957)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20142015&amp;amp;seasonTo=20142015&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-2015 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1874 (.762)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 2: 2249 (.914)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 3: 2290 (.931)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20132014&amp;amp;seasonTo=20132014&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1897 (.769)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 2: 2245 (.913)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 3: 2317 (.942)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20122013&amp;amp;seasonTo=20122013&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012-2013 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt; (lockout-shortened to 48 games):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1125 (.781)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 2: 1332 (.925)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 3: 1300 (.903)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?aggregate=0&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;report=goalsbyperiod&amp;amp;reportType=season&amp;amp;seasonFrom=20112012&amp;amp;seasonTo=20112012&amp;amp;filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&amp;amp;sort=goalsFor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011-2012 NHL regular season&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 1: 1924 (.782)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Period 2: 2254 (.916)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period 3: 2248 (.914)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, with this four season season sample size:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The second and third periods are very close.&lt;/strong&gt; Perhaps a deeper statistical plotting of said data will reveal more.&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Note: The second period is amazingly consistent with a range of 10 goals between the 2011-2012 and 2015-2016 NHL regular seasons*! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first period is clearly the time frame in which the least goals are scored.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Taking the average goals per game during each period &lt;code&gt;(total goals / (# of games * # of teams))&lt;/code&gt;, it is more evident how close second period and third period goal scoring is.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* - excluding the lockout-shortened 2012-2013 NHL regular season &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T12:53:18.837" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T12:53:18.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4612" CreationDate="2016-04-29T16:51:52.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=shottype&amp;amp;season=20152016&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=missedShotsHitCrossbar&amp;amp;aggregate=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tracks &lt;em&gt;missed&lt;/em&gt; shots that hit the crossbar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What percent of shots hit the crossbar in the NHL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2015-2016 NHL regular season, 240 &lt;em&gt;missed&lt;/em&gt; shots hit the crossbar out of 28,517 &lt;em&gt;missed&lt;/em&gt; shots. That is 0.842%. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And is it higher than would be expected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to your crude measure of &quot;it seems like a lot of shots hit the crossbar in hockey,&quot; then it is much less than expected. Also, these findings are for &lt;em&gt;missed&lt;/em&gt; shots. Perhaps there is a percentage of shots that hit the crossbar and went in for a goal, but that is the &quot;missing&quot; subset.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There aren't any stats that I know of that track shots that enter &quot;any other space on goal of equal size to the crossbar.&quot; However, let's try:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There were 6,565 goals during the 2015-2016 NHL regular season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A NHL regulation goal opening is 72&quot; wide and &lt;strong&gt;48&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; high&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2015-2016-Interactive-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A NHL regulation crossbar is &lt;strong&gt;2 3/8&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in circumference&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2015-2016-Interactive-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dividing 48&quot; by 2 3/8&quot;, we get ~20 (more precisely 20.211) such segments that fits the criteria of &quot;any other space on goal of equal size to the crossbar.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dividing 6,565 by 20 (assuming an equalized probability), the number of goals that would enter &quot;any [segment] (out of 20) on goal of equal size to the crossbar&quot; is 328.25 (more precisely 324.8).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, 240 &lt;em&gt;missed&lt;/em&gt; shots hit the crossbar compared to 324.8 goals through any given segment of equal size to the crossbar means the number of missed shots that hit the crossbar is lower than expected (vs. the same rate as any other space on goal of equal size to the crossbar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T05:09:36.397" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T05:09:36.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13622" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14271" CreationDate="2016-04-30T14:22:50.853" Score="6" ViewCount="2417" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the driver who received the best time in qualifying is relegated to a &quot;lower&quot; grid position (for example for the change of the transmission or of the engine, etc.) what changes about the statistics for that particular driver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that race count as a pole position or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do Formula 1 and Formula E have different rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="10674" LastEditDate="2016-09-01T05:16:08.710" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T05:16:08.710" Title="How is the relegation of pole position driver managed in F1?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|formula-e|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="550" CreationDate="2016-04-30T19:05:40.747" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The three screw holes for the toe section of NN (3-pin), NNN (not NNN-NIS) and SNS bindings match up, but as stated earlier here above, the balance of the ski will be affected when switching from one binding system to another reusing those screw holes. When mounted at the balance point of the ski, NN bindings have the front screw 17 mm in front of the ski balance point; the corresponding distances for NNN and SNS are 59 and 35 mm respectively. Let us suppose the original binding is mounted at balance point. Then, when switching from e.g. NNN to SNS reusing the three screw holes mentioned, the new binding will be 24 mm in front of the balance point thus making the ski tail-heavy with the SNS binding. This is rarely wanted. When switching from SNS to NNN the NNN binding will be mounted 24 mm behind balance point. This may be good for classic skis and perhaps acceptable for skate skis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two holes for the rail part of NNN and SNS bindings do not match up between the systems when reusing the three front holes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11258" LastEditorUserId="11258" LastEditDate="2016-05-01T13:01:56.500" LastActivityDate="2016-05-01T13:01:56.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13625" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-01T02:50:57.910" Score="4" ViewCount="1726" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many of Major League Baseball's annual player awards are awarded to two players, one each in the American and National Leagues.  (For instance, MVP, Cy Young, Silver Slugger, Rookie of the Year, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player plays in both leagues in a single season (perhaps due to a midseason trade), how is it determined which league's awards he is eligible for?  Is it based on games played, days under contract, his affiliation as of a certain date, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If such a player turns out to be eligible for one league's award, can his performance in the other league be considered towards the award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I realize some of these awards are selected by different organizations which may have different rules, but it would be nice to know about as many as possible.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T02:23:51.213" Title="MLB awards for players who played in both leagues in one season" Tags="|baseball|mlb|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13628" CreationDate="2016-05-01T08:50:59.087" Score="3" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to be football coach you know like football manager I want to know what should be my first step. well I don't play football in school or college and I am not that good but I like tactics and all &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11262" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-05-03T06:41:45.667" LastActivityDate="2016-05-03T06:41:45.667" Title="Football coaching" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-05-04T20:13:19.287" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13627" CreationDate="2016-05-01T09:22:41.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a coach doesn't require to be a good player at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The requirements to become a football coach vary, but a bachelor's degree in sport coaching education, physical education, or exercise and sports science is often required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to become a Pro Coach, then you will need to make bachelor's degree, more than likely. If you are in high school or college, my suggestion would be to &quot;hunt&quot; for a coach's assistant's place for the start, this would not require any degree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;but you would need skills like:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Understanding of the game &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Being a good leader &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Being very detail-oriented&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Being an excellent communicator&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Having physical stamina&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastActivityDate="2016-05-01T09:22:41.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1942" CreationDate="2016-05-02T05:37:24.780" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, your right but it really depends on how the Defense was constructed. As the FS, they must have ball skills and coverage skills while having the ability to disguise their coverage. QB often look at FS to tip the defense's coverage, so FS must be smart enough to play the cat and mouse game with the QB's eyes. FS is the leader of the secondary (like MLB for LB). While both must be adequate against the run, SS are also called upon to cover the TE which means physicality is a must while FS will be covering mainly WRs or slot receivers. FS also must have the abilith to cover ALOT of ground (especially in cover 2 shell) and provide help so the  corners can play to their strengths (i.e. ball Hawking corner vs coverage corner)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11265" LastEditorUserId="11265" LastEditDate="2016-05-02T05:44:24.913" LastActivityDate="2016-05-02T05:44:24.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13625" CreationDate="2016-05-02T14:08:23.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right to point out that these awards come from different organizations and that each may have different rules, but if you're looking for a general rule of thumb: to win an award for either the National or American league, a player should play the majority of the games for that season in that league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even meeting the criteria of having played a majority of games won't make it easy though.  &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/mets/mets-yoenis-cespedes-mvp-history-not-side-article-1.2358362&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;No player&lt;/a&gt; switching leagues has ever won an MVP award and only one, Rick Sutcliffe of the 1984 Cubs, has won a Cy Young. Sutcliffe went 16-1 in 20 starts after the Cubs acquired him from Cleveland&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the MVP award, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bbwaa.com/voting-faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;number of games played&lt;/a&gt; is actually the number 2 criteria given to voters (I'm assuming that means number of games played in the given league).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://rawlings.com/awards/gold-glove/selection-criteria/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;specific qualifications&lt;/a&gt; to be eligible for the Golden Glove awards, for example &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All pitchers must have pitched in at least 137 innings by his team’s&#xA;  137th game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All infielders and outfielders must have played in the field for at least 690 total innings through his team’s 137th game: this equates to playing in the field for approximately 7.5 innings per game in approximately 67% of his team’s games by his team’s 137th game; this ensures that only full-time players are considered);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't say it explicitly, but I assume that by &lt;em&gt;his team&lt;/em&gt;, they kind of mean for it to be a single team in a specific league to qualify for that league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether or not voters can consider performance in the other league that happened before a trade, I found a couple articles about &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.mercurynews.com/kawakami/2008/09/11/how-about-manny-ramirez-for-nl-mvp-if-its-not-pujols/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Manny Ramirez&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scout.com/mlb/diamondbacks/story/807379-breaking-down-the-nl-cy-young-award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CC Sabathia&lt;/a&gt;, both traded in 2008, that suggest that only games in the awarding league matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2016-05-02T14:16:40.203" LastActivityDate="2016-05-02T14:16:40.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-03T15:15:20.097" Score="2" ViewCount="1262" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are sports that provide more disciplines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;triathlon&lt;/a&gt; (swimming + cycling + running)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;biathlon&lt;/a&gt; (cross country skiing + shooting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;heptathlon&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;decathlon&lt;/a&gt; (track and field)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are there any other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean sports practiced in non-restricted areas of the world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-07T05:22:17.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-07T05:22:17.943" Title="What are multidisciplinary sports?" Tags="|international-sports|track-and-field|triathlon|biathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2016-05-11T05:19:39.123" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13638" CreationDate="2016-05-03T17:52:40.183" Score="5" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;When trading picks (1st round, etc...) Do you essentially give up your spot, or do you give an extra pick to the other team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the Leafs won the draft lottery so they get to pick first. If they traded a first round pick to another team, say the Rangers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the Rangers now get to bypass every other team and get the very first pick? Or do they just get an extra pick once their turn comes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-04T11:13:27.033" LastActivityDate="2016-12-04T11:13:27.033" Title="Draft Pick Trading in NHL" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13637" CreationDate="2016-05-03T18:24:02.777" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's look at some trades executed from the 2015 NHL Draft: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/trades-completed-during-2015-nhl-draft-weekend/c-772519&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.nhl.com/news/trades-completed-during-2015-nhl-draft-weekend/c-772519&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's one (paraphrased for brevity): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Colorado traded a 2nd-round pick (31st overall) in the 2015 NHL Draft&#xA;  to San Jose for a 2nd-round pick in 2015 (39th overall), a 2nd-round&#xA;  pick in 2016 and a 6th-round pick in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Colorado traded the 31st pick for San Jose's 39th pick, Colorado now picks with the 39th pick and San Jose now picks with the 31st pick. In addition, Colorado gets a 2nd round pick from San Jose in 2016, and a 6th round pick from San Jose in 2017 (as compensation to &quot;even out&quot; the trade).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you essentially give up your spot, or do you give an extra pick to the other team? If [the Maple Leafs] traded a first round pick to another team, say the Rangers. Do the Rangers now get to bypass every other team and get the very first pick? Or do they just get an extra pick once their turn comes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the trade is straight up (eg, Maple Leafs' 1st overall pick for Rangers' 78th overall pick, the Rangers' first pick of this draft -- which is very unlikely without adequate compensation to even out the trade), then the Rangers chooses with the very first overall pick and the Maple Leafs chooses with the 78th overall pick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the trade involves a player (eg, Maple Leafs' 1st overall pick for Rangers' &quot;best&quot; player), then the Rangers chooses with the very first overall pick and the Maple Leafs obtain the player from the Rangers to play for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In essence, in these cases, the Maple Leafs &quot;give up&quot; their spot to the Rangers. There is no &quot;extra pick.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-03T18:44:01.823" LastActivityDate="2016-05-03T18:44:01.823" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13636" CreationDate="2016-05-04T10:53:05.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Racketlon&lt;/a&gt; a combination of racket sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Modern pentathlon&lt;/a&gt;  fencing, swimming, show jumping, shooting, running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throws_pentathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Throws pentathlon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_boxing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chess boxing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also possibly: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joggling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Joggling&lt;/a&gt; running/juggling, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cycle ball&lt;/a&gt; cycling/football and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Underwater hockey&lt;/a&gt; hockey/swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="10904" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T11:43:58.567" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T11:43:58.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13529" CreationDate="2016-05-04T15:29:20.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just found &lt;a href=&quot;https://betting.betfair.com/horse-racing/timeform-premium/simon-rowlands/myth-busting-weight-does-not-matter-180313-43.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this blog post&lt;/a&gt; containing the sentence: &quot;There is convincing evidence that superior horses are not always penalised enough in UK racing.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the whole idea of handicapping is to marginally reduce the gap between first and last but not to eliminate it altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T15:29:20.977" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13651" CreationDate="2016-05-05T02:01:02.053" Score="2" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL has been working around its overtime format. It used to be a 5 minutes 5 on 5 frame. It then got changed to 4 on 4 for a while and latter to 3 on 3 for the regular season. But watching the playoffs, I noticed that overtime is still 5 on 5. How come the number of players in overtime is different between playoffs and the regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-05T15:27:36.583" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T21:47:29.643" Title="NHL Playoffs format" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13650" CreationDate="2016-05-05T05:49:41.497" Score="7" ViewCount="1475" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/rio-will-feature-first-ever-mother-son-duo-at-olympic-games-175559044.html&quot;&gt;Nino Salukvadze and her son Tsotne Machavariani&lt;/a&gt; have both qualified for Rio 2016 Olympic games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened in the past that two generations of the same family have won a medal in the same Olympics? (including both winter and summer Olympics)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T07:29:33.990" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T07:29:33.990" Title="Have two generations of one family ever won a medal at the same Olympics?" Tags="|trivia|history|records|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5569" CreationDate="2016-05-05T07:19:58.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the 2011 CBA, the current agreement, Article IV section 6(g) notes amounts for the player playoff pool by year. The 2015-2016 season playoff pool is $15 million dollars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distribution of these funds isn't mandated by the CBA. It is ultimately up to the NBPA to determine how the funds are distributed and the NBA distributes the pool in a way determined by the NBPA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find how they choose to distribute the funds, but articles seem to refer to the funds going to coaches, managers and whatnot. I do not think this is correct given the wording of the CBA, as it is the &quot;players playoff pool&quot; not the team playoff pool. The CBA also states that the NBPA determines the distribution and the NBA distributes accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from listening to former players talk about the playoff monies, when coaches, trainers, managers etc get a portion of the monies, it seems to come directly from the players. This seems to be because it is not much compared  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11280" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T07:19:58.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13644" CreationDate="2016-05-05T07:36:34.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the playoff overtime format is different from the regular season - in fact, almost completely different. As you correctly point out, regular season overtime is five minutes with a number of players that has varied through the years and then, in recent years anyway, followed by a shoot out. Playoff overtime is untimed and has always been five-on-five - it's just like a continuation of normal time, except that it's sudden death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T07:36:34.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13646" CreationDate="2016-05-05T10:21:40.257" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, here's an example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Swahn&quot;&gt;Alfred&lt;/a&gt; and his father &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Swahn&quot;&gt;Oscar&lt;/a&gt; Swahn (Sweden) - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men&amp;#39;s_100_metre_team_running_deer,_single_shots&quot;&gt;1912, shooting&lt;/a&gt;, team gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oscar is particularly interesting, &quot;At 64 years of age, he became the oldest gold medalist ever, which he still remains up to today.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="10904" LastEditDate="2016-05-05T10:27:01.910" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T10:27:01.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13644" CreationDate="2016-05-05T21:47:29.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL regular season overtime format has undergone quite a few changes over the years.  The first season with sudden death overtimes was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/nhl/lists/the-19-biggest-rule-changes-in-NHL-history-031715&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1983-84&lt;/a&gt;.  The whole purpose of including them was that people simply didn't like so many games ending in ties.  Along with changes to the way points are given to teams in the standings, there have been experiments with adding shootouts and with reducing the number of players on the ice in overtime (so that it's now 3-on-3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In doing this, the NHL has ended up eliminating ties, added a little extra excitement/drama to the end of games, and to a certain extent quickened the games up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than maybe tradition, the reason that postseason games have a different format is that the regular season format is (for lack of a better word) gimmicky--just trying to get a quick, exciting result for the game.  In the playoffs, more weight is given to letting teams play at full strength with all their players in a normal setting.  In other words, they continue to play the way hockey was intended to be played and the way that exhibits that one is really the better all-around team.  Also, an extended playoff game, perhaps reaching two or more overtimes, can be pretty gripping to viewers because the stakes are high and at any moment everything could be determined--but we really have no idea when.  Compare that to a regular season game that has a lot less importance; if it had the playoff overtime format an average observer might just stop caring at some point--it starts to drag on, and the experience wouldn't be as unique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T21:47:29.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13653" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-06T01:02:37.683" Score="3" ViewCount="2061" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal to wear a golf glove that has some of the &quot;fingers&quot; missing (cut off)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea for doing this comes from reading Hogan's book &quot;Five Lessons&quot;. Hogan talks about the muscles that are activated by gripping the club according to his formulation; the pressure points for the left hand would be the last three fingers of the left hand( for right handed swingers here) and the two middle fingers of the right hand. An easy way to maximize this ideal grip pressure distribution would be to wear a left hand glove that only had the last three &quot;fingers&quot; (just cut off the top two, the palm part stays the same) and wear a right handed glove that had only the two middle fingers . This would force you to feel the club through the fingers you want to control the club. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this be legal? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11284" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-03-05T21:42:53.137" LastActivityDate="2022-03-05T21:42:53.137" Title="Golf Glove Rules" Tags="|rules|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-06T03:28:01.740" Score="5" ViewCount="3455" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter hits a home run and rounds the bases without touching home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His teammates surround and touch him and he takes his helmet off and is halfway to the dugout when the fans and his coach yell at him to go back and touch home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing team appeals and the batter is called out. Is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11285" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-02-06T21:36:05.950" LastActivityDate="2024-02-06T21:36:05.950" Title="What happens if the player does not touch home plate?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13653" CreationDate="2016-05-06T11:01:38.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not permitted, under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.randa.org/Rules-of-Golf/Appendices/Appendix-IV-DEVICES-AND-OTHER-EQUIPMENT/2-Gloves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 14-3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule states that a glove must &quot;consist of a fitted covering of the hand with a separate sheath or opening for each digit (fingers and thumb)&quot;, and also must not have &quot;features, other than visual aids, designed to assist the player in placing his hands in a consistent and/or specific position on the grip&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T11:01:38.953" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13714" CreationDate="2016-05-06T13:34:29.103" Score="8" ViewCount="3609" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/matchday/matches/2015-2016/epl.match-stats.html/chelsea-vs-spurs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chelsea vs Spurs Premier League match on 2nd May 2016&lt;/a&gt;, Spurs received 9 yellow cards but without getting a red card. What's the greatest number of yellow cards a professional team has ever received without getting a red card? In theory, 14 would be possible if all 11 starting players and 3 substitutes got a yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11291" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-13T10:36:03.847" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T10:38:29.563" Title="What is the greatest number of yellow cards a team has got without a red card?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13660" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-06T22:43:12.577" Score="7" ViewCount="25922" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball can you jump on a free  throw? I have got multiple answers for a bunch of different people that I trust that know a lot about basketball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please help me out with this guys, I'm not sure what to think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11293" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-07T05:20:11.870" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T10:59:40.127" Title="Can you jump on a free throw?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13660" CreationDate="2016-05-06T23:25:47.023" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can you jump on a free throw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, given the free throw shooter does not leave the defined area at any point during the procedure of a free throw&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_throw#Procedure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing restricting this...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...according to the NBA given the free throw shooter is in compliance with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_9.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 9, Section I-A&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a free throw is awarded, an official shall put the ball in play&#xA;  by placing it at the disposal of the free throw shooter. &lt;strong&gt;The shooter&#xA;  shall be above the free throw line and within the upper half of the&#xA;  free throw circle.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... according to the NCAA given the free throw shooter is in compliance with &lt;a href=&quot;http://g-macsports.com/custompages/Governance/NCAArulebooks/Basketball_Mens_Rule_Book_2013-2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 8, Section 1, Article 1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A free throw is the privilege given a player to score one point by an&#xA;  unhindered try for goal &lt;strong&gt;from within the free-throw semicircle and&#xA;  behind the free-throw line&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... according to the FIBA given the free throw shooter is in compliance with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 43.1.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score 1 point,&#xA;  uncontested, &lt;strong&gt;from a position behind the free-throw line and inside the&#xA;  semi-circle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T23:32:01.227" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T23:32:01.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13662" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13665" CreationDate="2016-05-07T10:44:58.713" Score="14" ViewCount="2332" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://izismile.com/2016/05/06/trio_to_rio_sisters_may_become_the_first_set_of_triplets_to_compete_in_the_olympic_games_8_pics.html&quot;&gt;Lily, Liina and Leila Luik are sisters from Estonia who could be the first set of identical triplets to compete in the Olympics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened in the Olympic history that 3 members of the same family will take part at the same edition of Olympic games (both winter and summer editions)?  What is the record for the most family members?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-05-21T13:16:55.930" LastActivityDate="2022-04-09T09:53:04.940" Title="What is the record for the most family members competing in the same Olympic Games?" Tags="|trivia|history|records|olympics|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13674" CreationDate="2016-05-07T11:26:50.130" Score="8" ViewCount="2407" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpires in this(2016) IPL are wearing a shield like gear on their hands. &lt;strong&gt;What is it called?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read from a couple of articles that it is for deflecting the ball, thus protecting themselves. But, &lt;strong&gt;is it really so? If yes, then what is it called?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If No, then what purpose does it serve, and what is it called?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Picture for reference: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KibF4.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KibF4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="10319" LastEditDate="2016-05-08T17:01:17.950" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T22:41:57.307" Title="What is the shield-like gear the umpires are wearing at the IPL?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13664" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-07T12:33:03.033" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many countries have their own league competition in tennis. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_TeamTennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Team Tennis&lt;/a&gt; in the USA,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis-Bundesliga_(Herren)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt; in Germany,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis-Bundesliga_(%C3%96sterreich)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt; in Austria or&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tenisovaextraliga.cz/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Extraliga&lt;/a&gt; in Czech Republic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are these competition organized? Do both amateurs and professionals play there? If professional players play also for league teams, are the league matches scheduled in such way thad they do not to clash with ATP, WTA and ITF events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T08:12:52.137" Title="How are national tennis leagues organized?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2016-05-07T12:47:37.683" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The record for the most siblings in the same Olympic Games is &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt;.  This happened when the four brothers Luis Adrián, Jorge, José and Roberto Tamés from Mexico competed as two 2-man  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bobsleigh&lt;/a&gt; teams at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1988/BOB/mens-two.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20200114112638/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1988/BOB/mens-two.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/olympic-siblings-make-competition-family-affair/story?id=22320292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://olympstats.com/2014/01/20/multiple-siblings-at-the-winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three siblings competing in one Olympic Games has happened several times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Summer Olympics, 3 siblings&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Americans Edward, Richard and William Tritschler competed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_individual_all-around&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gymnastics at 1904 Saint Louis Olympic Games&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Japanese brothers &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuhito_Tanaka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kazuhito&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuke_Tanaka_(gymnast)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yusuke Tanaka&lt;/a&gt; won silver medal in London 2012 as a member of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_team_all-around&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Japanese gymnastics team&lt;/a&gt;. They also competed in individual competition. Their sister &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie_Tanaka_(gymnast)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rie Tanaka&lt;/a&gt; competed at the same olympics in both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_artistic_team_all-around&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;team&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_artistic_individual_all-around&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;individual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_L%C3%B3pez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steven&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_L%C3%B3pez_(taekwondo)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_L%C3%B3pez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diana López&lt;/a&gt; represented USA at several Olympic Games. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 Beijing&lt;/a&gt; all three of them won a medal. See also: &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/19/sports/la-sp-oly-taekwondo-lopez-20120520&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20170820060531/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/19/sports/la-sp-oly-taekwondo-lopez-20120520&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/other-sports/london-2012-the-lopez-family-look-845967&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chanomipr.com/lopez.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20161029202253/http://chanomipr.com/lopez.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3a&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Estonian triplets &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_Luik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lily&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Luik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Leila&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liina_Luik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liina Luik&lt;/a&gt; competed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_marathon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;marathon at 2016 Rio Olympics&lt;/a&gt;. (They were mentioned already in the question.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Winter Olympics, 3 siblings&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sisters Thérèse, Anne-Marie and Marguerite Leduc competed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1960_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_slalom&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's slalom&lt;/a&gt; at 1960 Squaw Valley.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The brothers Marcos Luis, Martín Tomás, Matías José Jerman from Argentina competed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1976_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cross-country skiing&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976 Innsbruck&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The brothers &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_%C5%A0%C5%A5astn%C3%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Peter&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1n_%C5%A0%C5%A5astn%C3%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marián&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_%C5%A0%C5%A5astn%C3%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anton Štastný&lt;/a&gt; played for Czechoslovakia in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980 Lake Placid&lt;/a&gt;. Czechoslovakia ended up 5th in the tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2014 Sochi the Canadians Justine and Chloé Dufour-Lapointe won gold and silver medals in&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_moguls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's moguls&lt;/a&gt;, while the third sister Maxime finished twelve.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sisters Aita, Selina And Elisa Gasparin competed in biathlon in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 Sochi&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Pchyongyang&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selina_Gasparin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Selina Gasparin&lt;/a&gt; won silver medal in Sochi.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika_Waidacher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Monika&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_Waidacher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nina&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Waidacher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Isabel Waidacher&lt;/a&gt; played &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#Switzerland&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ice hockey&lt;/a&gt; for Switzerland in 2018 Pchyongyang.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2018 Pchyongyang, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dupont&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Madeleine Dupont&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Dupont&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denise Dupont&lt;/a&gt; were a part of bronze &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Danish&lt;/a&gt; curling team. Their brother &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Dupont&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oliver Dupont&lt;/a&gt; was in the men's team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;References&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://olympstats.com/2014/01/20/multiple-siblings-at-the-winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multiple Siblings at the Winter Olympics&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://olympstats.com/2014/01/20/multiple-siblings-at-the-winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/olympic-siblings-make-competition-family-affair/story?id=22320292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Siblings Make Competition a Family Affair&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/olympic-siblings-make-competition-family-affair/story?id=22320292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-04-08T14:51:00.523" LastActivityDate="2022-04-08T14:51:00.523" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-05-07T12:47:37.683" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-08T09:56:21.833" Score="3" ViewCount="1709" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a no ball is bowled in T20 cricket, a free hit follows. Does the &quot;free hit&quot; delivery count as one of the over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, would an over in which the sixth delivery is a no ball contain 8 deliveries: 5 legal, 1 no ball, 1 free hit and then 1 legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11294" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T12:30:21.033" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T12:30:21.033" Title="How many extra balls occur after a no ball in T20?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13657" CreationDate="2016-05-08T13:47:59.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After my research , I found this :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nuremberg_(2006_FIFA_World_Cup)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Battle of Nuremberg&lt;/a&gt; (also known as Massacre of Nuremberg) is the nickname of a football match played in the Last 16 of the 2006 FIFA World Cup between Portugal and the Netherlands at the Frankenstadion in Nuremberg on 25 June 2006. Russian referee Valentin Ivanov issued a FIFA World Cup record four red cards and 16 yellow cards, setting a new record for cards shown at any FIFA-administered international tournament.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And I think we don't have any match with 14 yellow cards for a team without a single red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11296" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T05:21:04.703" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T05:21:04.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-05-08T14:23:51.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a single no ball is bowled in an over, there will be 7 deliveries in the over, not 8. Free hit just means that the batsman cannot be out of that ball (except run out, handling the ball, hitting the ball twice, obstructing the field), it does not mean that delivery is not counted (unless, of course, that delivery too is a no ball or wide ball). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Delivery 1: Legal delivery ==&gt; Count: 0.1&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Delivery 2: No-ball ==&gt; Count: 0.1&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Delivery 3: Legal delivery ==&gt; Count: 0.2&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T14:23:51.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5103" CreationDate="2016-05-08T21:21:34.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;pre-loading&quot; may be closest to the idea expressed. This certainly applies if the same original Dutch word is used to describe drinking large amounts of alcohol before a party.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregaming&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregaming&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;Pregaming (also pre-drinking or pre-loading) is the process of getting drunk prior to going out socializing, typically done by college students and young adults in the United States and Europe, ...&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://i.stuff.co.nz/national/health/69157335/Alcohol-pre-loading-has-party-goers-arriving-at-bars-drunk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://i.stuff.co.nz/national/health/69157335/Alcohol-pre-loading-has-party-goers-arriving-at-bars-drunk&lt;/a&gt; - a discussion of the phenomenon and its health effects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T21:21:34.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13672" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-08T21:54:43.203" Score="6" ViewCount="602" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a query regarding a run out dismissal: Who is out in the following scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman runs, while his partner doesn't. Both batsmen end up at the non-striker end, and a fielder hits the stumps at this end. Then the non-striker leaves the crease, and runs to the striker end. No fielder hits the stump at the striker end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What will be the result of this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11299" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T07:36:59.073" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T07:36:59.073" Title="Who is out if both batsmen end up at the same end and the fielders hit the stumps at that end?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13672" CreationDate="2016-05-08T22:23:26.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody is out. When the wicket was put down at the non-striker's end, the batsman who owned that ground (whichever reached that ground first) was in their ground so are not out. After that, no wicket is put down so there is no dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batting team would also score one run as the batsmen exchanged ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-batsman-out-of-his-ground/&quot;&gt;Law 29 (Batsman out of his ground)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot;&gt;Law 38 (Run Out)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T22:23:26.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13663" CreationDate="2016-05-08T22:41:57.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the moment, this isn't standard equipment for umpires; only &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Oxenford&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bruce Oxenford&lt;/a&gt; is using it at the moment as far as I'm aware. As such, I'm guessing this is a personal piece of equipment that Oxenford is using and as such it doesn't have a formal name, but yes, it's obviously for the umpire to use as protection from the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, this isn't the first time Oxenford has used the &quot;shield&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/news/umpire-bruce-oxenford-arm-guard-shield-safety-equipment-world-t20-warm-up-australia-west-indies/2016-03-13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;he also used it in the Australia vs West Indies World T20 warm up match earlier in 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T22:41:57.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13675" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-09T06:04:01.477" Score="2" ViewCount="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mxgp.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MXGP&lt;/a&gt; the most important circuit for motocross in the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know any other races in this typology&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-20T06:13:38.037" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T06:13:38.037" Title="Is MXGP the most important circuit for motocross?" Tags="|international-sports|road-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13664" CreationDate="2016-05-09T08:11:25.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Austria there are amateurs and professionals playing. Making the league matches not clash with ITF events is virtually not possible because ITF tournaments happen every week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think that they schedule the matches in a way that they don't clash with major tournaments (ATP 1000 and grand slams). Maybe they also prevent clashes with ATP 250 tournaments which are geographically nearby. In some cases, the league is also played in a short amount of time, so players don't have to spend too much time for the league and to make scheduling easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also pretty sure that geographically close leagues somehow coordinate their schedules. Because players possibly play in several leagues (for instance in Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany, ...) they should be able to do that without conflicting league schedules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-09T08:12:52.137" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T08:12:52.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13678" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-09T15:44:21.730" Score="1" ViewCount="443" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there such a thing as a worldwide repository of horse racing results? I have looked around but only found sites that specialise in one or two countries at most (e,g, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proformracing.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;proform racing&lt;/a&gt; for UK and Ireland).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="10904" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T23:06:21.767" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T02:58:14.293" Title="Database of horse racing results?" Tags="|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-09T23:50:00.913" Score="1" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never really played in official basketball leagues with refs, only pickup games really. I come from a very heavy soccer background where if I get ball first then the players body its a legal tackle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something came up where I went in for a steal and got the ball first as he was making a move to his right and he ran through my arm after then. My understanding with a contact foul is if the ball isn't in the players hand and I make contact with the ball first the body contact isn't a foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11303" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T23:50:00.913" Title="Basketball Rule: Reach in with contact but get ball first" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13680" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-10T00:34:37.560" Score="3" ViewCount="622" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bases loaded, nobody out. Ground ball to pitcher, throws home for out. Catcher throws to first and the runner on first never ran and is standing on first when the first baseman catches the ball. What is the call on the runner? The batter was called out because he didn't run either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11304" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T15:31:38.330" Title="Baseball force play" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5592" CreationDate="2016-05-10T06:28:49.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically precision barrels do not require high quality BBs. They require BBs that are spherical in shape and smaller than the bore diameter. There is nothing wrong with low cost or low quality BBs so long as they are not defective BBs as in they possess physical defects like dents, cracks, seams, are not spherical, or are  dirty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To determine whether a BB can be shot through your barrel is to measure the BB and the bore with a caliper that reads out in 0.01mm or 0.001&quot;. Alternatively a micrometer may be used, although the extra precision isn't really needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the BBs are of dubious quality, it may be wise to measure all of them, or random select a large number and check for any measuring larger than bore diameter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worst case the BB is larger than bore diameter, it will only get stuck, can be removed by cleaning rod or other rod like tool, and will not damage the barrel because plastic is softer than the steel or brass barrel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another potential issue with oversized BBs is safety in airsoft play. Larger BBs means tighter fit with bore, meaning less air rushes past the BB that results in higher velocity and higher energy that may be beyond field limits, especially if the gun passes chrono test with smaller BBs. The effect is increased further if the gun has a tight bore or a precision barrel installed, further reducing the gap between BB and barrel, and can result in significant increases in velocity and energy well beyond field limits. Different fields, locales and countries treat this problem differently. Some parts of the US they don't care, most of Europe will permanently ban you whether you knew or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11306" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T06:28:49.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13683" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-10T13:44:44.020" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many asthmatic medications such as pseudoefedrine (in DUACT) and different inhalers are performance-enhancing-performance drugs. I have heard cases where athletes have forgotten to inform officials that they need to use certain drugs and false alerts about doping positivity. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do competitive runners with asthma handle doping tests?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T13:48:01.707" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T13:48:01.707" Title="How do competitive runners with asthma handle Doping tests?" Tags="|running|marathon|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13683" CreationDate="2016-05-10T13:44:44.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is the national level and the international level. IAAF has forms by which athletes can send exemption forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IAAF&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;IAAF Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE) Application Form &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=5&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiXqNX-yc_MAhUkKsAKHadtCxQQFggyMAQ&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaaf.org%2Fdownload%2Fdownload%3Ffilename%3D47fe93fa-3af8-4825-a659-35fa803a7331.pdf%26urlslug%3DTUE%2520Application%2520Form%25202010&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNEz-6c211EZ9AjNnWpEBb4EabnDag&amp;amp;sig2=nVF5xsWw7E78l0SRatkSQQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=3&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiXqNX-yc_MAhUkKsAKHadtCxQQFggnMAI&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaaf.org%2Fdownload%2Fdownload%3Ffilename%3D88b96d29-5bf1-40b9-8063-fa7363c94aa2.pdf%26urlslug%3DChapter%252014%253B%2520Special%2520medical%2520problems&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNG8viE7tX0Db7AJtvAeCgeWmm4RbA&amp;amp;sig2=mSpDk4gT0PeJO-wS4IDaqw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cardiovascular evaluation of athletes - IAAF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T13:44:44.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13687" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:01:53.730" Score="-6" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing some software for recording stats about football tournaments and I need to know how many matches will there be at Euro 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also what is the largest number of matches that are likely to be played simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11308" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:41:31.313" Title="How many matches will there be at Euro 2016" Tags="|football|euro|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13686" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:13:32.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How many matches will there be at Euro 2016?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2016/matches/#md/1&quot;&gt;UEFA EURO 2016 website&lt;/a&gt;, 51.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group Stage - MD 1: 12&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group Stage - MD 2: 12&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group Stage - MD 3: 12&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Round of 16: 8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quarterfinals: 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Semi-finals: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finals: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the largest number of matches that are likely to be played simultaneously?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The largest number of matches that &lt;em&gt;start at the same time&lt;/em&gt; is 2, found in Group Stage - MD 3. Within reason, the largest number of matches that &lt;em&gt;are likely to be played simultaneously&lt;/em&gt; is 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;In the event the earlier scheduled games run longer than three hours (I'm not sure how un/likely that is), then it is possible (if reasonable) that the largest number of matches that are likely to be played simultaneously is 4 (but it would be during the very end of the earlier scheduled games and during the very beginning of the later scheduled games, again, if reasonable).&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T16:41:31.313" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:41:31.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13688" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:22:58.783" Score="4" ViewCount="1307" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/fJbgGbh6oW8?t=2m58s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this goal&lt;/a&gt; have been ruled offside? For what it's worth, it was called offside by the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11309" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T18:35:30.587" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T03:02:40.420" Title="Should this goal have been ruled offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13680" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:31:38.330" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on the actions of the first baseman. The batter is not out until the first baseman touches first base or he gets tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 1: The first baseman is standing on the base when he catches the ball, or catches the ball and then touches first base without tagging the runner. The batter is now out and this removes the force play on the runner on first. He no longer has to run to second. If he is standing on first base he is safe, if he is off the base he needs to be tagged to be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 2: The first baseman tags the runner on first before touching first base. The runner on first is forced to run to second by the batter, so when he is tagged he is out. The first baseman can then touch first base to retire the batter and complete the triple play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9551" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T15:31:38.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13686" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:48:24.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple search would have shown this &lt;a href=&quot;http://it.uefa.com/uefaeuro/news/newsid=2317794.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Euro 2016 calendar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;36&lt;/strong&gt; matches for rounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; round of 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; quarterfinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; semifinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;total 51 matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The largest number of matches played simultaneously is &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; (the last matches of each of 6 groups)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T15:48:24.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13688" CreationDate="2016-05-10T15:56:53.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This goal is absolutely regular&lt;/strong&gt; (according to offside rule)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QeYWP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QeYWP.png&quot; alt=&quot;NO-offside&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the cross is kicked there are no players in offside.&#xA;Then the goalkeeper deflects the ball over the bar (or the ball arrive directly over the bar), and in this moment (if the video screenshot is at the right moment) there is only a player in offside (near the left bar of the goal &quot;numer 1&quot;), but this player is a not-active position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the player that score the goal (number 3) is in a regular position for offside rule because the last defender is over (number 2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion watching the video is more easy to understand than looking the screenshot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T16:33:04.167" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:33:04.167" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13688" CreationDate="2016-05-10T16:31:59.653" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This should be a goal as pointed out by Ale due to the player 2 (red in Ale's picture).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee did not probably see the player 2. The referee's decision &lt;strong&gt;not a goal&lt;/strong&gt; probably relies on the part 3 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(association_football)#Offside_position&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;offside rule&lt;/a&gt; if player(s) offside at the point of the crossing shot. Otherwise I would count this as a regular goal but the lineman's flag means that there must have been a player(s) in offside position before the crossing shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point 3 of the Wikipedia link above is bolded below&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interfering with play, not satisfied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interfering with an opponent, can be argued to be satisfied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gaining an advantage by being in an offside position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;playing a ball that&lt;/strong&gt; rebounds or is deflected to him off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent having been in an offside position; or that &lt;strong&gt;rebounds, is deflected or is played to him from a deliberate save by an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (FIFA, Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the referee probably concluded that the third is satisfied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T16:38:41.610" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T16:38:41.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13694" CreationDate="2016-05-10T18:01:24.127" Score="4" ViewCount="2152" Body="&lt;p&gt;We play on the sand and there is a dispute as to how to judge a ball in or out.  If the ball hits the line, so that the line clearly moves, but then strikes the sand an inch out of bounds, is the ball in or out by official rules?  This happens all the time and we have always played &quot;line is in&quot; but recently many want to change to &quot;go by the mark in the sand&quot;.  Which is correct?  Due to the contentious nature of this, I'd appreciate reference to official rules and standards with citations, more than personal opinions or anecdotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11310" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T18:33:05.143" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T18:33:05.143" Title="In sand volleyball, if a ball hits the line but the mark is out, is it in or out?" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13693" CreationDate="2016-05-10T18:26:46.660" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_BeachVolleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Beach Volleyball rules&lt;/a&gt; are &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; clear on this. Quoting from Rule 8.3, Ball &quot;in&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is &quot;in&quot; when it touches the surface of the playing court including the boundary lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also Section 5.1.2 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/2015-Beach-Volleyball-Rules-Casebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Casebook&lt;/a&gt; which pretty much covers your situation precisely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees should be aware that the ball may land out, but has struck the line, which is in a raised position. In  this case, the ball contacts the line and must be called &quot;in&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-10T18:32:12.103" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T18:32:12.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-10T20:23:52.457" Score="3" ViewCount="2938" Body="&lt;p&gt;Saw this in one of the NBA play off highlights but no one said how it was ruled. A shot attempt bounces on the rim and settles to a dead stop on the rim's bracket never entering the basket itself. Is it a dead ball like when the ball sticks between backboard and rim? Or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11311" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-05-11T04:27:09.860" LastActivityDate="2022-06-01T16:25:18.587" Title="Basketball sits on the back of the rim motionless after an attempted shot. What is the ruling?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13695" CreationDate="2016-05-10T20:44:48.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_6.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 6, Section 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The ball shall be put into play in the center circle by a jump ball between any two opponents:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) The ball comes to rest on the basket flange or becomes lodged between the basket ring and the backboard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) In all cases above, the jump ball shall be between any two opponents in the game at that time. If injury, ejection or disqualification makes it necessary for any player to be replaced, his substitute may not participate&#xA;in the jump ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this situation, if the ball comes to rest on the flange it shall be ruled a jump ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T20:51:10.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13688" CreationDate="2016-05-11T03:02:40.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the goal should have been allowed. The referee was incorrect in calling offside here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to what has been suggested in other answers, the only time offside position should be evaluated for the purposes of determining when an offence has occurred is when the ball is last touched by a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 36 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, &lt;strong&gt;at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team&lt;/strong&gt;, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this was not the case, attackers would not ever be able to run past the second last defender and challenge the goalkeeper for the ball like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xenGLmReUro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVLxDSfNb2w&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. Note in both of these incidents, the scoring player was in an offside position when the ball was last touched by the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the only time that offside position should be judged is when the cross was played into the area, as shown in the following screenshot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ra7or.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ra7or.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Positions of players when ball was crossed in&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point, you will notice that there are two defending players closer to the goal line (the goalkeeper, and the white defender standing directly in front of him) than every other black player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 36 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the&#xA;  second-last opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As none of the black team are offside when the ball was last touched by a teammate, they are all free to challenge opponents and play the ball until it is next touched by a teammate (when each player's offside status will be re-evaluated).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T03:02:40.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13617" CreationDate="2016-05-11T04:02:17.057" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Find the average tee-to-green score, then subtract the player's tee-to-green score, and that's the negative of SG(tee-green). Is this the same as the value given by the equation? If so, there's no problem. If not, then that's your answer. No?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T04:02:17.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13700" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-11T06:09:14.270" Score="5" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player slams the ball on the ground so hard that it bounces into the hoop, is that a valid goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Bonus trivia question: has this occurred in a professional or collegiate game?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6299" LastEditorUserId="6299" LastEditDate="2016-05-11T06:17:06.980" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T06:17:06.980" Title="In basketball, can you score by bouncing the ball off the ground?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-05-11T12:57:54.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13703" CreationDate="2016-05-11T14:43:09.767" Score="3" ViewCount="734" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an MLB game, whenever a &quot;pull-happy&quot; left handed batter (a powerful batter who usually pulls the ball, that is, hits it to the right side) comes to the plate, the infielders often put on &quot;the shift&quot; - the shortstop moves over to the right side of the infield, and the third baseman moves to about where the shortstop usually plays. This makes it easier for the infielders to field a hard hit, pulled ball. However, many have remarked that these hitters could easily beat the shift by bunting the ball down the third base line. I know that this is easier said than down, but I would imagine that a professional hitter would be able to do this fairly easily with a little practice, so why is it almost never even attempted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11045" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T16:24:11.577" Title="Why don't left handed power hitters bunt against the shift?" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13704" CreationDate="2016-05-11T15:32:02.733" Score="4" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking into defining my own simple metrics for a video game to evaluate how well a player is performing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To that regard I have been reading about Sabermetrics and the general impression I get as to why Baseball lends itself easily to statistical analysis compared to other sports is that the game naturally rewards individual performance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/sabermetrics4.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;howstuffworks.com&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;&lt;em&gt;The beauty of baseball is that its statistics generally capture the performance of one player. And that player's success is often determined by his own actions&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. The page continues to argue that a successful play in football is dependent on many other actors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, is this not also the case for baseball? Surely when a batter hits a ball, the pitcher has done his best to make it harder for the player to hit the ball. Additionally, whether or not your ball gets caught also depends on how the defense is setup, and thus his success is not only measured by the batter's own actions. I'm not really seeing how baseball is magically easier to quantify with statistics than other sports. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is then, is baseball really easier to measure statistically? Or is the reason why baseball dominate the world of sport statistics just natural consequence of the fact that people have been revising and developing statistics for the sport since it's beginning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must disclaim that I cannot pretend to know much about baseball since baseball has never really been part of my life, so maybe I am missing something obvious here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11315" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T20:31:52.717" Title="Sabermetrics and statistics, why so fitting for baseball?" Tags="|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13701" CreationDate="2016-05-11T16:24:11.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, left handed power hitters do, sometimes, bunt against the shift.  Not frequently, but they do; I saw Jim Thome lay down a neat bunt several years back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the reason you don't see it all the time, is because the folks who the shift works against aren't trying to hit singles.  They're pull hitters (that's why the shift works), and they're pull hitters because that's the easiest way to hit a home run.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most &quot;full shift&quot; hitters are on the &quot;Three True Outcome&quot; spectrum; meaning, they're usually going to either strike out, walk, or hit a home run.  The really good ones - let's say someone like 2007 or 2009 Prince Fielder - are slugging .600+ (meaning their average trip to the plate, not counting walks, yields 0.6 bases).  Even the moderately okay ones are slugging .450-.500, meaning their average trip to the plate yields probably 0.5 or a bit more bases (if you add walks to the mix).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is, if they bunt away from the shift, will they stand on first base over half the time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect the answer is no, unless they put in a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of practice.  Any practice going into bunting is coming out of their main purpose (slugging), so suggesting that they put in a substantial amount of practice is likely to be a non-starter.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bunting is quite a bit harder than it looks.  Pitchers put in quite a few hours of practice per week on bunting, in the NL, and sacrifice bunts work okay, but not so frequently that I'd consider it easy.  You also have a very specific need here: bunting fair, but fairly close in down the third base line hard enough the pitcher can't easily field it (and of course the catcher can't either).  It's hard enough to sacrifice bunt (where the only requirement is that the ball go a few feet from the plate and not directly to the pitcher, with a runner who's got a lead and is probably faster on the basepaths); getting that bunt down is quite difficult.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even good bunters only get a bunt in fair territory around half the time; and of course some of those bunts are outs (ones too close to the pitcher or catcher, which go the wrong way, or are popped up).  So half the time, the first attempt will be a strike - meaning he won't have the surprise opportunity at that point.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would encourage you to read this Fangraphs article, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/the-truth-about-bunting/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Truth About Bunting&lt;/a&gt;.  They did significant work to analyze this exact question, and while they don't come to a concrete conclusion, the discussion might help you understand why you don't see it more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T16:24:11.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13702" CreationDate="2016-05-11T20:25:28.340" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of baseball takes place in a single one on one interaction:  Pitcher throws, Batter hits.  In that sense, it is fairly easy to tease out the performance of the batter and the pitcher based on the result in many cases.  A home run, a walk, a strike out, all of these are entirely based on the one on one matchup and the other eight players might as well be having lunch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where baseball statistics become complicated is when the defense comes into play.  Defensive statistics in baseball are indeed the weakest area of statistical analysis in baseball, to some extent because they're somewhat subjective, and somewhat because they do impact other players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even then, &lt;em&gt;mostly&lt;/em&gt; defensive actions in baseball are still a singular player's action.  A defender has balls hit towards him, he can field them or not field them, and you can measure how far away he ranges, what percent of balls he successfully fields, etc.  The quality of the hitter doesn't really matter to the defensive player's performance - a hit to a particular spot is a hit to a particular spot, more or less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for the hitter, it's indeed complicated to take the defensive performance (and the park element) out of his performance, but once you work out how to measure defensive performance, it's not necessarily &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare this to football.  A running back rushing the ball depends on five or more offensive linemen, as well as the defensive players on the other team.  To work out how good a four yard rush was, you have to factor all of that in, plus the game situation - 1st and 10 vs 3rd and 5, a 4 yard rush is very different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball and Hockey have similar problems; the other players on the court/ice make a big difference to your performance, so you need to figure out how to factor them out.  The more variables you have, the more complicated it is to work out the statistics.  10 or 12 players on the court/ice means that many variables - far more than you really have in any baseball interaction (2 or 3 variables, typically).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball also has a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of individual interactions to track, meaning you can get a lot more meaning out of them.  600 plate appearances per year for batters; 150-200 innings for starting pitchers (meaning 600-800 batters faced or more).  Those numbers mean you can get a lot of information out of even complex interactions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, you have football, where running backs touch the ball maybe 300 times a season, quarterbacks maybe a bit more than that, and the rest of the players nearly all have fewer than 100 touches a season.  Basketball has a bit more in the numbers department (thousands of shots per season), and that's why it is more-or-less the second best statistical sport.  Hockey you have a few hundred shots per season, perhaps, and there are some things you can do based on game appearances - which is where the best stats are found in hockey (like the Fenwick or Corsi statistics).  Quantity will somewhat make up for quality in statistics; Baseball, though, has both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, while baseball is definitely easier to track statistics on, it's also the first sport where it was tried.  Baseball stats (box scores) have been around for a century, with fairly detailed statistics for much of that.  The sabremetric movement began in baseball in the 1970s, and thus it's more advanced than it is in other sports regardless of difficulty.  It's possible it stared in baseball because of the simplicity, but it's also possible it simply was first because baseball was the most popular sport for decades and thus had the most detailed statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2016-05-11T20:31:52.717" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T20:31:52.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13709" CreationDate="2016-05-12T12:32:45.630" Score="7" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an &lt;a href=&quot;https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/earth-view-from-google-ea/bhloflhklmhfpedakmangadcdofhnnoh&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;extension in my web browser&lt;/a&gt; that brings up an aerial photo from different parts of the world each time I open a new tab. A couple of days ago it was an image from Tokyo (I think), with a kind of sports field that I haven't seen before. I'm not able to find that image now, as the browser extension only remembers the last 10 or so images.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how I remember it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O8ovd.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O8ovd.png&quot; alt=&quot;Some sports field&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could have been a soccer field, if the penalty area didn't have rounded corners. Also, I am unable to say anything about the dimensions of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What sport is played here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11319" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-15T09:38:26.690" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T09:38:26.690" Title="Which sport is played on this field?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|venues|futsal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13707" CreationDate="2016-05-12T14:05:39.417" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;One place this type of field can be found is at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/maps/place/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E9%A4%A8%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80%E5%A0%B4/@35.6784145,139.7124318,364a,20y,270h/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0000000000000000:0x63cd3c3aad039129!8m2!3d35.6785202!4d139.7122074!6m1!1e1&quot;&gt;Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium&lt;/a&gt;, which includes a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tef.or.jp/tmg/en_coat_top.jsp&quot;&gt;futsal court&lt;/a&gt; that is consistent with your findings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which sport is played on this field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futsal&quot;&gt;Futsal&lt;/a&gt;, a variant of football/fùtbol (also known as soccer in the US).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x9Ldk.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x9Ldk.png&quot; alt=&quot;futsal field&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-12T14:25:05.643" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T14:25:05.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13617" CreationDate="2016-05-12T21:01:16.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theory, there is no reason why the definition of &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;putting&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; cannot be extended to the entire hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So given the definition on the green that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The average number of putts used to hole out from 7 feet&#xA;10 inches is 1.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and extending this to the entire hole we can (in theory) make similar statements for every location on the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. The average number of strokes needed from the Tee is 4.91&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. The average number of strokes needed from the centre of the fairway, 180 yards from the hole, is 3.04&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C. The average number of strokes needed from the front end of the greenside bunker is 2.62&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us ignore any practical difficulties in finding these values, and create a course where the average strokes remaining value appears by magic next to your ball after each shot - like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q6p5w.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q6p5w.png&quot; alt=&quot;Par 5 golf course&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players tee up, and note from their magic display that it's a perfect par 5. The player with the black ball plays as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drive down the fairway, accurate but not that far. Still 4 strokes needed, SG = 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Again on the fairway, but a long approach remains, still 3 strokes needed SG = 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Great approach, to within 8 feet. Only 1.5 strokes needed SG = 0.5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player with the red ball plays as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Long drive into the rough. Still 4.5 strokes needed. SG = -0.5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good escape, but lands in the bunker. 3.5 strokes needed. SG = 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Amazing bunker shot, to within 8 feet. Now only 1.5 strokes needed. SG = 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in total both players have gained 0.5 shots from tee to green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we could make a definition that &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;tee-to-green&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the sum of strokes gained for the tee shot and all approach shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this definition it should be clear that this statistic will be positively correlated with driving accuracy, driving distance, accuracy and distance from sand, accuracy and distance from the rough etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning to reality, there may be serious practical difficulties in finding out these average strokes remaining for large parts of the course, much of which is rarely played by the pro's, and the value would wildly vary in the chaotic world of deep rough and bunkers. So I wouldn't expect to see a reliable SG for each individual stroke any time soon, especially considering winds and changing pin positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But everyone starts at the tee, and most end up putting from the green, so statistics from putting from 7ft 10in are available. For this reason it makes sense to just take the tee and green values, and calculate the rest as the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By doing this we lose the information of what happened between tee and green. Was it good accuracy and approach play (Black) or a great sand escape (Red), or something else. But objectively, compared to the average player&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, a player with a positive &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;tee-to-green&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; did something pretty good between tee and green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Note that &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;sub&gt;putting&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is also a comparison with the average player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T21:01:16.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13712" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-13T06:11:18.897" Score="2" ViewCount="1365" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the team statics in ice-hockey is power play percentage. From example, you can see it &lt;a href=&quot;http://reports.iihf.hockey/Hydra/415/IHM415000_84_28_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the currently played World Chapmionship or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/stats/team?reportType=season&amp;amp;report=teamsummary&amp;amp;season=20152016&amp;amp;gameType=2&amp;amp;sort=ppPctg&amp;amp;aggregate=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for this year's NHL season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that this should be something like ratio of power play goals and total number power plays. I wonder whether in some cases the fact that the power play is shorter than 2 minutes is factored in when calculating PP%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons why power play might be shorter, here are some I can think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The power play ended because a team scored a goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The power play was shorter because a team playing power power received a penalty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The power play was shorter because the penalty of the opposing team was called while playing shorthanded, which means that there was 4 on 4 play before the power play stared.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The power play was shorter because it started less than two minutes until the end of the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, this was a successful power play - so there is no doubt how this should be counted. In the second case, it is the mistake of the team who had the advantage that they infringed the rules. So it should be counted an unsuccessful power play and the fact that it was shorter does not seem to be relevant. Probably the similar argument can be in the third case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But at least in the fourth case we can say that it is not the team's fault that the power play they played was shorter. So the team has less time than 2 minutes to score a goal in the power play. So it seems a bit illogical that if they do not score this should be called in the same way as if they  do not score during the whole 2 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, what I wrote above are just my speculations. I would be glad to find some official source showing how this statistic is counted in these special cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T13:04:13.767" Title="How are shorter power-plays counted in power play percentage?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13657" CreationDate="2016-05-13T10:38:29.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious starter here is the Chelsea vs Spurs match mentioned in the question, where Spurs received 9 yellow cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T10:38:29.563" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-05-13T10:38:29.563" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13712" CreationDate="2016-05-13T13:04:13.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/IceHockey/2012EZ.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA statistics rules&lt;/a&gt; define &quot;Teams are on a power play when they have at least a one-player advantage on the ice for any amount of time.&quot; (section 8).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using this definition, all of your examples count as one power play opportunity, even if the man advantage situation lasted for only a second. As you point out, this probably isn't actually the best way of measuring the effectiveness of special teams as there's a big difference between a one second power play and a two minute one, so there are various &quot;advanced stats&quot; like &lt;a href=&quot;https://crownedroyal.com/2011/07/25/the-adjusted-power-play-percentages/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;power play goals per two minutes of power play&lt;/a&gt; and things like that which attempt/claim to be a better measure of special teams effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;em&gt;believe&lt;/em&gt; the NHL uses essentially the same definition for power play opportunities, but I haven't been able to find an official definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T13:04:13.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15201" CreationDate="2016-05-13T17:47:03.643" Score="8" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a little known fact that video replay in football has already begun its entrance into the sport, at least in experimental stages.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://depauliaonline.com/2016/05/01/ncaa-instant-replay-soccer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA recently approved it&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Soccer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLS&lt;/a&gt; was testing it &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.si.com/planet-futbol/2016/03/15/mls-video-replay-ousmane-dembele-european-super-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in a youth tournament&lt;/a&gt;.  However there seems to be a dearth of knowledge on how it is actually implemented during the play of the game.  While a few places give suggestions on how it could, no one seems to know what exactly the official procedure is, which should at least be known from the MLS test.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T09:37:06.613" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T09:54:04.803" Title="How is video replay implemented in association football?" Tags="|football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13721" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-14T13:55:03.253" Score="6" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that doping scandals are still very much a part of big sporting events. There are the recent news about the Russian team at the Olympics, the Tour de France scandals, and I'm sure there are more. In the Russian case, for example, we're finding - years after the event - officials that are testifying to the widespread use of doping, including by gold medalists, and we're finding evidence that the analysis lab (run by Russian officials) was falsifying results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not understand why this is still a part of sports. It seems that there's a simple solution: just test &lt;strong&gt;every participant in a sporting event&lt;/strong&gt;, right on the day of the event, in a uniform/standardized way, by the same independent laboratory, with supervisors from the public (perhaps even broadcast to the public), instead of just selective testing by country-specific secretive and closed labs as seems to be the case now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If for some reason the tests are prohibitively expensive, then make it a rule that tests will always be taken from people who score one of first 3 places in a given competition. Or run basic tests on every participant, and very extensive/thorough tests on the winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this type of thing not done to put an end to doping once and for all? Or am I misunderstanding something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11322" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T17:25:14.983" Title="Why no uniform testing for doping at major sporting events?" Tags="|olympics|international-sports|doping|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15159" CreationDate="2016-05-14T15:07:56.070" Score="-2" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to have more speed when swimming as I feel this is safer due to being able to escape dangerous situations. Would webbed gloves provide this in a spear fishing or snorkeling environment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11323" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T12:40:30.330" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T23:34:39.647" Title="Webbed gloves for spearfishing or snorkling will give me more speed?" Tags="|equipment|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-12-15T06:48:16.600" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13721" CreationDate="2016-05-14T18:04:45.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not enough to test on the day of the competition, even if a 100% foolproof test for all illegal substances were possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A doping athlete can use a drug during the training period leading up to competition, then stop use in time for any traces to disappear from the body before the test is taken. But the effects on the body (e.g. increased muscle mass) will remain longer, giving an unfair advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the reason that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Mo-Pl/Out-of-Competition-Testing.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;out-of-competetion testing&lt;/a&gt; is routinely carried out too, but this raises the problems of resources, of trusting local testing authorities, and of athlete rights and privacy, so it is very difficult to stop doping completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the top 3 places testing, I seem to remember an anecdote of some cyclist in the Tour de France making certain to finish 4th on a day that he had taken a stimulant due to testing the 3 podium positions, and only racing 100% for stage wins on clean days. I'm not sure if this is a true story or not, but it reinforces the point: if dopers know when the tests are going to be taken they will find a way to cheat without getting caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T18:04:45.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14048" CreationDate="2016-05-14T18:13:19.267" Score="4" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more I get into baseball the more I'm realizing that it's a pitchers game. If a pitcher is unhittable, the opposing team cannot win. I've also read some material on early pitchers in the deadball era that suggested hurlers during that time were actually very smart, and that the game was nearly as intricate then as it is now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also realized that there have been major shifts in how the game is played over time, such as the the style of play during and after the dead-ball era. &lt;strong&gt;So what I'm curious about is in what ways has pitching made dramatic shifts since the inception of the MLB?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T14:15:17.910" Title="What were the major transformations in pitching strategy in MLB history?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13721" CreationDate="2016-05-14T18:22:25.800" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is simple, although you won't hear it in the media: it's financial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a league like the MLB suddenly decides to test every one of its players on a given day. Immediately they end up having to suspend 5-15% of the league including many of their star players. This hurts the credibility of the league, and the credibility of every team in the league, and the only ones that lose are the MLB and its members themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that there is no financial incentive for a league or organization to take drug testing seriously. There's only enough incentive to give the facade that they do so the credibility of the league or whatever stays in tact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only alternative is to set a hard deadline in the future in which players need to be clean by, and then implement consistent testing by that time, but in doing so the organization admits that their are dopers present now, and the league isn't testing them. So again they lose credibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And when a good number of athletes stand to gain huge benefits by doping the incentive is going to be there for them to continue doing so. A good example comes to mind, Jhonny Peralta of the Detroit Tigers was suspended for doping and then afterward signed a 50 million dollar contract. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With money like that available for players, and no viable way for leagues to maintain their integrity and effectively deal with the problem, it's not going away any time soon save outside intervention by a third party. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T18:22:25.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13726" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-14T21:17:56.700" Score="1" ViewCount="1044" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ATP 1000&lt;/a&gt; that can end without a tie-break? Why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems unfair to end with a tie break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11324" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T15:32:14.747" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T04:30:03.473" Title="Is there an ATP 1000 that can end without a tie-break? Why not?" Tags="|rules|tennis|tournaments|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-15T11:58:12.787" Score="2" ViewCount="427" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to find international rules on how arms should be located during benchpress in Powerlifting competition. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which rules govern hands on bar during benchpress in Powerlifting competition?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T12:03:34.560" Title="Rule about Hands on bar during benchpress in Powerlifting competition?" Tags="|rules|powerlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13728" CreationDate="2016-05-15T11:58:12.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/rules/technical-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Technical rules&lt;/a&gt; govers the hands and the part 6 on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/rules/technical-rules/english/IPF_Technical_Rules_Book_2016__1_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page 17&lt;/a&gt; where I bold the key things&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The spacing of the hands shall not exceed &lt;strong&gt;81 cm measured between the forefingers (both forefingers must be within the 81 cm marks and the whole of the forefingers must be in contact with the 81 cm marks&lt;/strong&gt; if maximum grip is used). The use of the reverse grip is forbidden.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the most bars have marks that your hands must not reveal during the lift. Also notice the rule 2 with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;His hands and fingers must grip the bar positioned in the rack&#xA;  stands with a &lt;strong&gt;thumbs around grip&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where any change in the elected lifting position would cause &lt;strong&gt;Yellow card&lt;/strong&gt;. Powerlifting has three cards: red, blue and yellow that can be used to claim a failure, more &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/rules/technical-rules/english/IPF_Technical_Rules_Book_2016__1_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an page 8-9&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules governs the bar and knurling distances as well, more on page 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NMOsu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NMOsu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where notice the part 1 and 6. If you are looking for a bar, make sure that they comply with the rules -- recretional bars can fail in the weights, knurling and quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T11:58:12.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13730" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-05-15T12:13:07.510" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-05-15T12:13:07.510" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T12:13:07.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13731" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-05-15T12:13:07.510" Score="0" Body="is a form of competitive weightlifting in which contestants attempt three types of lift in a set sequence." OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-15T14:03:01.223" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T14:03:01.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13735" CreationDate="2016-05-15T13:28:45.283" Score="-4" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was not able to google even a single instance of out &amp;quot;Hit the ball twice&amp;quot; in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; doesn't mention no-ball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; says that the batsman can be out &amp;quot;Hit the ball twice&amp;quot; of a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Few Doubts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman be out &amp;quot;Hit the ball twice of a no-ball&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Yes :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How many runs can be scored of the no-ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Next ball should ideally be a free hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened in the history of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11326" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T18:35:46.493" Title="Can a batsman be out &quot;Hit the ball twice&quot; of a no-ball in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-05-25T20:54:49.627" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-05-15T13:49:46.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short Answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, Free hit counts as one of the legitimate balls of the over. &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6eFCz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6eFCz.png&quot; alt=&quot;Check out this snap courtesy espncricinfo.com&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever during a cricket match if the Umpire declares a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no-ball&lt;/a&gt; the next delivery is signalled as a free-hit. This is counted as a legitimate ball if its not a wide ball or a no-ball again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Five legal balls + a no ball + the free hit = 7 balls (6 legitimate and 1 no-ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11326" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T13:49:46.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13736" CreationDate="2016-05-15T17:36:01.037" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;let's consider a smash, in this case it's more likely to happen this situation. Say, one player was making a smash shot and meanwhile the other player is way behind the baseline, the smash goes way off and hits the opponent before touching the ground, it's obvious that the ball was landing out, but who gets the point in this case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T03:25:47.370" LastActivityDate="2016-05-16T03:25:47.370" Title="Hitting the ball to your opponent when it's going out" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13732" CreationDate="2016-05-15T18:35:46.493" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was not able to google even a single instance of out &quot;Hit the ball twice&quot; in cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You didn't try very hard! The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page for &quot;Hit the ball twice&quot;&lt;/a&gt; lists two examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a batsman be out &quot;Hit the ball twice of a no-ball&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. You yourself linked to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;offical Laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt; which state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except [...] 34 (Hit the ball twice)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That seems about as clear as it could be written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How many runs can be scored of the no-ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One run will be scored for the no ball. I'm struggling to imagine a realistic situation in which the batsmen can complete a run before the striker hits the ball for a second time - note that once a fielder has touched the ball, a batsman &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; be out hit the ball twice. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 37 (Obstructing the field)&lt;/a&gt; explicitly includes the fact that runs made before the dismissal will count, but there is no such mention in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-34-hit-the-ball-twice/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 34&lt;/a&gt;, so I think this is somewhat undefined in the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Next ball should ideally be a free hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Free hits are not part of the Laws of Cricket, but instead part of the playing conditions for various tournaments, so it is not possible to give a generic answer to this question. However, a dismissal does not stop the free hit from occurring under the current ODI or T20 International playing conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened in the history of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the history of cricket, probably, yes in some club match somewhere. I am not aware of any such incidents in professional cricket history though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T18:35:46.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13734" CreationDate="2016-05-15T18:49:58.957" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player that was hit loses the point. To quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/107013/107013.pdf&quot;&gt;Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;24&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;PLAYER LOSES POINT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i. The ball in play touches the player or anything that the player is wearing or carrying, except the racket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is still in play until it touches the ground or a permanent fixture, so the player has to get out of the way, just as they would for any other ball going out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T18:49:58.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13146" CreationDate="2016-05-16T01:07:54.017" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this could be a reliable list, but maybe not exact, of players with more goals in the top flight domestic leagues in the world. I only consider goals in national leagues but I don´t consider goals in regional or state leagues, for example, the state championships in Brazil or the Oberliga in Germany before Bundesliga. That's why names like Pele, Romario, or Uwe Seeler with a lot of goals in regional championships are not on this list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list is updated to 28 May 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Josef Bican 518 (Bohemia and Moravia 241, Czechoslovakia 206, Austria 71)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ferenc Puskás 514 (Hungary 358, Spain 156)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo 498 (Spain 311, England 103, Italy 81, Portugal 3)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi 496 (Spain 474, France 22)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imre Schlosser 417 (Hungary 411, Austria 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gyula Zsengellér 416 (Hungary 387, Colombia 23, Italy 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jimmy McGrory 408 (Scotland)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gerd Müller 405 (Germany 365, USA 40)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hugo Sánchez 400 (Spain 234, Mexico 123, USA 37, Austria 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zlatan Ibrahimović 393 (340 in Europe) (Sweden 4, Netherlands 35, Italy 155, Spain 16, France 113, England 17, USA 53)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ferenc Szusza 393 (Hungary)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlos Bianchi 385 (Argentina 206, France 179)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alfredo Di Stefano 376 (Spain 227, Colombia 90, Argentina 59)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gunnar Nordahl 374 (Italy 225, Sweden 149)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jimmy Greaves 366 (England 357, Italy 9)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hughie Ferguson 363 (Scotland 286, England 77)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;József Takács 360 (Hungary)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hans Krankl 354 (Austria 320, Spain 34)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Luis Suárez 353 (329 in Europe) (Uruguay 14, Netherlands 91, England 69, Spain 179)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delio Onnis 352 (France 299, Argentina 53)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;György Sárosi 351 (Hungary)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Osvaldo Castro 351 (Mexico 214, Chile 137)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Albert De Cleyn 350 (Belgium)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Victor Hugo Antelo 350 (Bolivia)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11188" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2023-05-28T20:51:33.187" LastActivityDate="2023-05-28T20:51:33.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13739" CreationDate="2016-05-16T14:29:09.537" Score="3" ViewCount="1511" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a game between the  Blue Jays and the Rangers and several times the ball was clearly in the strike zone, but balls were called and vice versa. The Blue Jays coach was furious and got sent off after the 3rd inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is the following. When an umpire has a very inconsistent strike zone that, does the league offer any recourse for teams to challenge this? Do they not have access to video reviews for these kind of calls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T11:33:53.833" LastActivityDate="2021-06-07T03:37:57.643" Title="What can teams do when umpire has inconsistent strike zone?" Tags="|baseball|officiating|mlb|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13738" CreationDate="2016-05-16T14:38:18.303" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/umpires/rules_interest.jsp#9.00&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 9.02&lt;/a&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; covers judgment calls made by the umpire (which includes determining whether a pitch was a ball or strike). &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/70189582/instant-replay-review-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;What is not reviewable&lt;/a&gt; is covered in a MLB FAQ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, this type of judgment call is not subject to objection&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; or review&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. If there is reasonable doubt, the manager may appeal the decision&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; as a recourse. Then, umpires may consult&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; to make a final determination. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - Rule 9.02a, 2 - aforementioned MLB FAQ, 3 - Rule 9.02b, 4 - Rule 9.02c&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-20T17:21:44.383" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T17:21:44.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-16T17:42:56.560" Score="1" ViewCount="2436" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a follow-up question to the &quot;In volleyball when is it considered reading over the net&quot; question posted a few years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subject of this question, is the accompanying play &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ncOrlCaoHlg?t=3247&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;starting at time index 54:07&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Ok, so the Team Blue player failed the attack)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I wrong here? or did the Team Red &amp;amp; White blockers just barely jump the gun and reach over the net just before the third contact?&#xA;The bump(set) was not necessarily in the direction of the opponents court, but seemed parallel to the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The Referees never made any calls to this effect, nor did they throughout the rest of the match despite some other possibly questionable blocking plays.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I assume by the referees not calling anything that everything was legal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was not legal play, can someone explain to me from the rules where the referees or players may have made the mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'm just curious because I've run into similar situations in my rec. league.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would someone with more experience/better perspective be able to shed some light on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11331" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T16:31:05.580" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T16:31:05.580" Title="Volleyball - Is this reaching over the net?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13740" CreationDate="2016-05-17T10:46:06.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we would consider the play under standard (FIVB) rules, there is no issue here at all; the blocking players did not even touch the ball. The “reaching over the net” rule refers only to &lt;em&gt;playing the ball&lt;/em&gt; beyond the net, not just literally “reaching over the net”, without touching the ball nor interfering with opponent play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can reach beyond (or under) the net any time you want, unless you touch the ball there or interfere with the play in another way (e.g. by preventing the opponent from playing the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2016-05-17T10:46:06.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13742" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-17T15:25:57.813" Score="11" ViewCount="19585" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a goal scored if a goalkeeper holding the ball enters the goal, but keeps the ball out of the goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11334" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-17T15:48:03.327" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T06:42:32.943" Title="Is a goal scored if the goalkeeper, but not the ball, enters the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13742" CreationDate="2016-05-17T15:46:38.303" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;No goal. This is a basic rule of football: it's the position of the ball that matters, not the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, Law 10 - The Method of Scoring (page 35):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when &lt;strong&gt;the whole of the ball&lt;/strong&gt; passes over the goal line, between&#xA;  the goalposts and under the crossbar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). In your example, the whole of the ball has not crossed the goal line, so no goal is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-17T15:46:38.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9107" CreationDate="2016-05-18T07:32:50.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many factors that cut your marathon short. Firstly, the heat dissipation is better in a shorter runner than in a tall runner (the area-volume ratio larger to transfer heat if shorter). Secondly, the warm environment requires extra effort from your body like running extra miles. The ideal solution is to get used to the warm environment weeks before the competition. Lastly, the worrying thing is the inexperience in warm weather that can result to lack of consistency. To run marathon in warm weather, you need to get used to such climate and distances. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Just two weeks until the warm marathon race&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extra heat must transferred somehow away because your body is not yet used to it. Either you need to cut your goals (less heat from muscles generated) or cool down your body other ways such as run-showers, cooling body in aid stations and more hydration. The risks contain overhydration and hyponatremia where you start to feel fatique and heavier body can result to more pain in joints such as knees. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Strategies to tackle the extra heat in warmer race environment&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;water yourself in aid stations&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;drink more during the race: extra weight requires more effort from your legs, your front thighs/shins may fail. Relax calves, shins and front thighs before the race: backwards walking/running etc, more &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/29818/6066&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;plan your hydration on aid stations such as more gels and watering pre 20km while more cold watering later&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More about aid stations planning in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13718/how-to-manage-hydration-in-aid-stations-during-marathon&quot;&gt;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13718/how-to-manage-hydration-in-aid-stations-during-marathon&lt;/a&gt; is covered in terms of the opposite hydration levels where dehydration versus overhydration analysed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long term&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the distance is not your main problem but the consistency. The inconsistency is probably due to the lack of experience in warm runs. 2 weeks before race should be more intensive training and you have little time to do major changes. Just 1 week before the race it is important to build up the glycogen reserves and work particularly on the front thighs and knees -- particularly if your plan is to do major changes in hydration. Your body cannot adapt in a split second to more hydration and watering can also be an obstacle. In long term, overhydration can drain important trace minerals. In next run, train in warmer weather or simulate it with clothes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T07:32:50.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4" CreationDate="2016-05-18T08:02:30.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;The key is &lt;strong&gt;Balance&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The core is ideally vertical and inclined to motion direction. This requires stabiliser muscles in core and legs. Often, you see people in marathons who need to walk backwards with intensive pain in knees. This is because they have overused their forwards muscles or undertrained some parts of the body such as the other side of the torso like back. The front thighs, shins and calves are undertrained while hamstrings are overtrained only in one direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The body is meant to move in all kinds of directions, twisted and rotated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The other side of the legs can be worked with trainings such as backward movements, some instructions &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/a/29818/6066&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; where backwards motions work on the stabilisers on the other side of knee and core (this can be useful particularly if pain developed in knees over last part of the run).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ankle stabilisers can be worked out with plie&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Femur stabilization can be worked out with recreational activities such as different boarding activities (skateboarding) and dancing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vertical motions such as stairs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Depending on your body alignments such as feet pronation, twisting the torso and adding more tempo with arms and legs may be done but they require particularly core strength&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Working on the deep psoas muscle group, alternating deep breathing with short breathing such as 3short-2deep rhythm while running (less injuries in the left knee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Optimal running is inherently a periodic twisting motion where left side is stabilised with right side: the body acts like a spring where the elastic energy is reutilised from the muscles. Any stiffness or shortcoming can make the running more inefficient. Cross-training other things with twisting such as kayaking, speed skating, kickboxing, dancing, ballet and soft-sumo squatting of proper Powerlifting technique can add more strength and joy to the training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do not proceed to too advanced technique such as gazello running-style too quickly. Faster speeds require more from the core and leg. An undertrained body can compromise your cardiovascular health. Advanced technique is built slowly where the strength is built first and slowly your cardiovascular potential is developed to higher level. Developing deep muscle layers is vital to optimal breathing technique and less injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy your training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-03-01T11:54:56.093" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T11:54:56.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-18T22:30:08.410" Score="0" ViewCount="2166" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to purchase dry shorts/bottoms that keep the water out in a similar way that a dry suit does?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11348" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T06:54:32.320" LastActivityDate="2023-07-02T05:03:31.413" Title="Dry Suit Shorts: Do they exist?" Tags="|equipment|scuba-diving|water-sports|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-07-02T06:56:38.093" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13750" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-18T23:33:26.817" Score="3" ViewCount="840" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a freshman in high school going into sophomore year. I played on the freshman team this year and now it's onto JV. JV and Varsity practice together, so I will be with the varsity players also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a tailback and this year was my first year of football. I was the hardest hitter on the freshman team, not including linemen because they hit harder due to their size, but anyways that means I can deliver a decent hit when I'm running and didn't really get knocked around so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this year I will be running into the varsity defense and don't know what to do....I'm most worried about when we practice inside run because they will throw me in there and I'm gonna get hit. I know that there is no avoiding it, I just want some tips on how to survive as a little sophomore against big seniors at tailback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11349" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T15:04:48.820" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T17:24:09.770" Title="How to adjust to practicing with a junior varsity and varsity football team?" Tags="|american-football|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13572" CreationDate="2016-05-19T11:25:21.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything at the moment in official UEFA documentation, but in the past week a few mentions were made of it in the Belgian press.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Tan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Vincent Tan&lt;/a&gt; owns three clubs in Europe: Cardiff City, FK Sarajevo and KV Kortrijk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a chance that FK Sarajevo and KV Kortrijk teams would qualify for the Europa League, but is no longer the case. Anyway, it states explicitly in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://kw.knack.be/west-vlaanderen/sport/voetbal/kv-kortrijk/sarajevo-fk-kan-kv-kortrijk-europese-kater-bezorgen/article-normal-222713.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; (in Dutch, can't find anything in English) it is not allowed for clubs with the same owner to play in the same UEFA competition. However an investigation could be necessary to prove the link between clubs and owner(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule on deciding who gets the spot would be the team with the highest ranking in the national division, if tied UEFA Club ranking would be taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T11:25:21.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13750" CreationDate="2016-05-19T17:24:09.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several factors to consider in this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The size of the varsity players who will be defending you in comparison to your size.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The amount of actual practice time that you will be with the varsity team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most High School football teams run &quot;daily doubles&quot; that focus on strength and conditioning as well as running plays.  You shouldn't be thrown in right from the beginning to be &quot;hit&quot; by seasoned varsity players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speak to your coach.  Most coaches are aware of smaller or younger players practicing and playing with older and more seasoned players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, most High School practices do not consist of full gear hitting and practice every day.  I believe that most teams practice without pads for 2 days a week to just run plays.  Even with full pads, there shouldn't be blocking or hitting going on during practice like what will be happening during a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best thing to do is to ensure that you are conditioned and strengthened to take a hit.  Practice with a friend with full pads.  Do some sort of drills such as &quot;bull in the ring&quot; with your friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just remember that safety is the key and to not do anything that will endanger you or your friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T17:24:09.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13755" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-19T19:35:07.220" Score="4" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rumoured that not all Powerlifting federations are under WADA that means that they do not comply with anti-doping policies. So some competitions allow the usage of dopings while others not. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which powerlifiting competions comply with WADA's anti-doping policies?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T22:33:53.000" Title="Which Powerlifting federations and hence competitions comply with WADA's anti-doping policies?" Tags="|rules|doping|powerlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13755" CreationDate="2016-05-19T19:35:07.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wordrecord &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.iltalehti.fi/fitnessvoimailu/2016051821587154_bs.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;news&lt;/a&gt; meantions that IPF to be the only Powerlifting federation that complies with WADA's anti-doping policies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;When a National Federation has received an Adverse Analytical Finding on one of its Athletes it shall report the following information to the IPF and &lt;strong&gt;WADA within fourteen (14) days of the process described in Article 7.1&lt;/strong&gt;: the Athlete’s name, country, sport and discipline within the sport, whether the test was In-Competition or Out-of- Competition, the date of Sample collection and the analytical result reported by the laboratory.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/anti-doping.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Their anti-doping site.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and IPF website is in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;International Powerlifting Federation&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/anti-doping/wada-2016-prohibited-list-en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Prohibited List&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IPF and Exemptions forms in the case of needed medications&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that if you are asthmatic, you need to file TUA 30 days before the competition by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/anti-doping/IPF_WHAT_IS_DOPING_qaa_v_5.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Wherean athlete needs to use beta 2 agonists as a treatment for asthma he/she needs a   TUE in advance (TUE application should be submitted no later than 30 days before the Athlete needs the   approval, for instance an Event)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and medications such as Glucocorticosteroids are prohibited so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE application)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;International Standard for &#xA;Therapeutic Use Exemptions (ISTUE)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Declaration of Use (DOU application) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Supplements contaminated with steroids&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that many commercially available supplements nowadays can be contaminated with prohibited steroids and may not manufactured in clean environments&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;From the anti-doping perspective, the danger with many commercial supplements is that they may be tainted with prohibited substances.  &lt;strong&gt;Alarmingly high rates of such contamination have been documented in independent analyses of supplements&lt;/strong&gt; purchased over the counter in health food shops or the like.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/anti-doping/IPF_WHAT_IS_DOPING_qaa_v_5.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Q8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IPF Competitions and Testing In Competitions and Outside Competitions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rules governing things such as comebacks and stopping competitions because the OCT (Out of Competition Testing) random tests are going all the time. The athletes need to report locations with a software every day so that they are available for tests. ICT (In-Competition Testing) does not require this but to stop OCT, the athlete must do a report.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;If a retired athlete wishes to come back to competition he or she must give written notice of that to the IPF.  From the date that notification is received, &lt;strong&gt;the athlete must wait 6 months before they can again compete and in that time they are subject to OCT.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T19:56:45.003" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T19:56:45.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-19T20:41:52.363" Score="0" ViewCount="876" Body="&lt;p&gt;The typical bar positoin is shown below by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/rules/technical-rules/english/IPF_Technical_Rules_Book_2016__1_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Technical Rules Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TT1bM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TT1bM.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does there exist any rule that forbids the bar to be as low as possible behind the back?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T20:41:52.363" Title="How low below the back the bar can be in Squat of IPF Powerlifting competition?" Tags="|rules|powerlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13758" CreationDate="2016-05-19T20:41:52.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is governed by the first rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;1. The lifter shall face the front of the platform. &lt;strong&gt;The bar shall be held horizontally across the shoulders, hands and fingers gripping the bar. The hands may be positioned anywhere on the bar inside and or in contact with the inner collars&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where inner collars refer to the 810 marks as shown &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/13729/630&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or page 5 of the Technical Rules &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.powerlifting-ipf.com/fileadmin/ipf/data/rules/technical-rules/english/IPF_Technical_Rules_Book_2016__1_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. So short-armed person can have the bar as low as possible but the bar must touch the shoulders. By placing the bar as low as possible, the lifter gets less torgue on the spine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real examples about the positions can be seen &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13757/which-benefits-does-sumo-backhead-squat-have-over-more-narrow-squat-positions&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T20:41:52.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13760" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13761" CreationDate="2016-05-20T12:00:35.523" Score="2" ViewCount="1891" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose we have an ODI match between Team A and Team B. Team B batted first and scored 300 / 6 in 50 overs. After 49.5 overs, Team A reaches 300 / 9. Player X, who is on strike, is on 98. He wants to complete his century. In the following situation, what happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A legal ball is bowled, and the the batsman hits it straight to a fielder at long on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both the batsmen start running and complete a run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player X turns back for another run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;His partner is busy celebrating their win and does not turn back.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fielder throws the ball towards the bowler's end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player X, seeing that his partner is not turning back, tries to return back.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's a direct hit, and Player X is out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The score is now 301 / 10, and Team A has won, but by how many wickets? 0?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11358" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-20T12:39:56.237" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T13:51:46.910" Title="Is it possible to win a cricket match by 0 wickets?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-05-23T21:34:24.657" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13760" CreationDate="2016-05-20T12:08:47.927" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The match is over as soon as the batsmen complete their first run, so the last five points (from &quot;Player X turns back for another run&quot;) are irrelevant. Quoting specifically &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result/&quot;&gt;Law 21.6 Winning hit or extras&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As soon as a result is reached [...] the match is at an end. Nothing that happens thereafter [...] shall be regarded as part of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The result would be that Team A scored 301/9 and won by one wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T12:08:47.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13760" CreationDate="2016-05-20T12:11:25.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A has won by 1 wicket. The reason is that once a team has scored enough runs to constitute a result, nothing that happens afterwards is relevant. This is stated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 21, Section 6a&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, once the batsmen have completed the first run, the game is over and the subsequent run-out is irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception to this law is stated in section 6c, which deals with a boundary. In your scenario, the batsman needed to hit a boundary, and not complete a run before the ball crosses the rope, to receive 4 or 6 runs and make his century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T12:11:25.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13760" CreationDate="2016-05-20T13:51:46.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The match ends as soon as the first run is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember one incident in this context, it was a match IND vs SL where the score was level while Virender Sehwag was on 99*. He missed a century even though he hit a over-boundary as the bowler bowled a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/content/story/472752.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/content/story/472752.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11357" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T13:51:46.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-20T16:07:01.303" Score="4" ViewCount="5515" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most times when a player is ejected from the game by an ump, they attempt to argue their case. Has this ever lead to an ejection being reversed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T23:13:22.307" Title="Has an ejection ever been reversed?" Tags="|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-20T20:50:57.643" Score="7" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of 3 pointers made by Michael Jordan in a single game?&#xA;Although it sounds simple, I couldn't find this stat in the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11359" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-06-08T22:23:34.247" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T22:23:34.247" Title="What is the maximum number of 3 pointers made by Michael Jordan in a single game?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|nba|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-21T01:07:12.260" Score="1" ViewCount="637" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pinch hitter is up to bat.  A runner on first gets thrown out at second for the third out of the inning.  The pinch hitter is not substituted for the player he was pinch hitting for.  In the next inning who is up to bat the pinch hitter who then completes his bat he did not finish the last inning or the player he was pinch hitting for who had taken the field the inning before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11362" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T23:24:23.387" Title="Baseball pinch hitter question" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13765" CreationDate="2016-05-21T02:39:02.520" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going through his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01/gamelog/1990/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;yearly game logs on Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt;, the answer is 7. This took place on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/199001180CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;January 18, 1990&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T02:39:02.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13742" CreationDate="2016-05-21T05:50:42.933" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Goal wont be scored if goalkeeper is standing in goal holding the ball but his hands should not be inside goal even in air if the ball crosses the line even in air it will be considered as a goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11363" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T05:50:42.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12998" CreationDate="2016-05-21T17:01:10.380" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: This solution was also referenced by @JamesBradbury)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally the method I used the most (which is also the most effective way, in my opinion):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VvbXN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VvbXN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ankle support brace&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of an &quot;Ankle Support Brace&quot; gave my feet additional support, while still being flexible. Furthermoore, i actually do even jump smashes now - while that are one of the most &quot;dangerous&quot; shots in Badminton (for my ankles) I think the ability to make those shots shows the effectivity those support braces can provide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think they can be bought in usual sport shops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10757" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T19:37:27.427" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T19:37:27.427" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13774" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14255" CreationDate="2016-05-21T18:00:44.237" Score="0" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a football game and I think I saw something like a web (or you may call it a net, like fish nets) outside of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seemed odd, is there a thing like that in football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11368" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T05:29:11.610" Title="I think I saw something like a &quot;net&quot; outside of a ball while watching a football game, what was that?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13766" CreationDate="2016-05-21T22:45:42.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to rule 5.10(d), &quot;A player once removed from the game may not re-enter that game.&quot; The original player is removed from the game as soon as the pinch hitter enters the game. Thus, the original player may not take the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T22:45:42.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-22T05:59:28.580" Score="3" ViewCount="2085" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cycling races all riders wear race numbers for easier identification. Are there som rules or traditions which decide which team gets which set of numbers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By looking on some races, it looks that number 1 is assigned to the past winner, if they start again this year. But I am not sure how it works with higher numbers. I am also not sure what happens if the last year's winners does not start. Also, does it depend on the cyclist who won last year or on the team who won the previous edition of the race? If there are rules about this, are they different for stage races and one-day race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race/Ronde_van_Vlaanderen_2016_Startlist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Tour of Flanders startlist&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race.php?id=149879&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;winner from last year&lt;/a&gt; was wearing number 1. But the rider who was the 2nd last year was wearing 25. The 2015 winner John Degenkolb could not race in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Paris–Roubaix&lt;/a&gt; due to injuries. But his team still received the first numbers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race/Paris_-_Roubaix_2016_Startlist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in the 2016 startlist&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I look at this year's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race/Giro_Italia_2016_Stage_14_Corvara_Alta_Badia_Startlist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Giro d'Italia startlist&lt;/a&gt;, the teams seem to be ordered alphabetically. The reason might be that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race.php?id=149921&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;last year's winner&lt;/a&gt; does not participate in Giro this year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race.php?id=149867&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;defending champion Nairo Quintana&lt;/a&gt; did not race at this year's Tirreno-Adriatico. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.procyclingstats.com/race/Tirreno_Adriatico_2016_Startlist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;startlist&lt;/a&gt;, the first race numbers were assigned to Tinkoff team and then it seems to continue alphabetically. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T07:54:58.437" Title="How are race numbers in cycling races assigned?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13779" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-22T18:44:01.450" Score="1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Man on first, grounder to 1st baseman, he steps on 1st to get the runner out and throws to 2nd for the double play.  Is it a force at 2nd or does it become a tag play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11374" LastActivityDate="2016-05-22T20:33:57.573" Title="Is it still a force at 2nd?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13779" CreationDate="2016-05-22T20:33:57.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner must be tagged out. To quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules, Rule 5.09(b)(6)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if a following runner is put out on a force play, the force is removed and the&#xA;  runner must be tagged to be put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following runner in your scenario is the batter-runner, so the force is removed as soon as the first baseman steps onto the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-22T20:33:57.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13781" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-22T22:18:59.617" Score="2" ViewCount="1060" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have background in ice-skating and speed-skating, yet I find my technique a lot to be improved. Slalom skating is very different and demanding so much more from legs. So how to build basics to compete in slalom skating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T11:03:31.907" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T11:03:31.907" Title="How to build basics to compete in slalom skating?" Tags="|technique|skating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13781" CreationDate="2016-05-22T22:18:59.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basics moves&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. Forwards Parallel (Fish): legs side-by-side and adjust turning by knees -- the &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7fP0bXt5wo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/d8fNv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. Forwards Monoline (Snake): both legs in the same line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdG0S9x113c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Fm8x.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forwards Criss-Cross: other leg curls smoothly behind the other leg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbrDKfxUxf8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/deSbS.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alternating Forwards Cross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Double Cross&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forwards One Foot&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An incomplete slalom moves list can be found in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_slalom_skating#List_of_slalom_moves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breaking for Safety and Deep lunges to survive falls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drag and powerslide breaking is extremely useful for getting full-stop fast&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdgk1MQBtL0&amp;amp;list=RDpUk0o1gjgO4&amp;amp;index=6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1UpxJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where it is a combination of drag (T-stop) and ice hockey stop. Deep lunge can save you from many potential falls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChV9M-6zZBM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N9SZT.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChV9M-6zZBM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dTxfG.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that can be practised with Russian knees, should be familiar from ice-hockey for speed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Competitions by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wssaskating.com/Download.aspx?did=1582&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WSSA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Freestlye skating&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Classic freestyle slalom&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pair classic freestlye&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speed slalom&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Battle freestyle slalom&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Battle freestyle slides&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Art of Falling: Freestyle Slalom Skating book &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastEditorUserId="630" LastEditDate="2016-05-22T23:13:20.760" LastActivityDate="2016-05-22T23:13:20.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1175" CreationDate="2016-05-23T09:50:46.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Firstly, compression means less work needed by stabilisers to maintain the position.&lt;/strong&gt; An example is powerlifting. &lt;strong&gt;Secondly, it improves the post-recovery&lt;/strong&gt; particularly in athletes who have very low recovery HR. &lt;strong&gt;Thirdly, they are timeless.&lt;/strong&gt; Different compression clothes originates from nursing and old people care where for example compression stockings are used to improve the blood flow in legs during night and usually removed on the morning. They can be used in different age groups and different activities to improve different kinds of performance, sometimes it is just ability to walk, sometimes it is the ability to lift heavier and sometimes it is the ability recover faster. &lt;strong&gt;Fourtly, they can be super sexy.&lt;/strong&gt; Compression stockings are almost like fashion gimmick but they do help with recovering from walking with high-heels, particularly with amateurs and if not they can make you look better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Examples&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The compression allows Powerlifters lift with larger weights, example about the champion Jarosław Olech below &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-lsE2S-Lxo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wy3Nq.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Running: the compression stockings improve the circulation and your legs feel less heavy. This is partially mentioned in other answer: &lt;em&gt;&quot;The main benefit for me is in &lt;strong&gt;preventing body fluids from pooling in my legs&lt;/strong&gt; (I have very low blood pressure). This is billed as assisting in recovery post exercise.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Endurance training and particularly their interval training: &lt;strong&gt;the compression stockings help to deal with achilles tear and its development worse, one of the most common injury in sports such as running and skiing.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnLMXth2RSs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Old people care&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kud8i.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kud8i.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Compression stockings can also make people look sexy, more slimmer legs and more blood in the core.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5DSZB5ACDI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ItnlC.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T09:50:46.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13785" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-23T15:27:39.237" Score="7" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;The origin of the distances for the Ironman triathlon were discussed in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8/what-is-the-origin-of-the-specific-distances-in-ironman-triathlon&quot;&gt;previous question&lt;/a&gt;, but it seems odd that almost every triathlon I see, the swim section is incredibly short in comparison to the running and biking section.  Why aren't triathlons set up to be 1:1:1 in either distance (e.g. 1 mile each), or in time (e.g. how far a 95th percentile athlete in each sport can go in an hour)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anything, I would think that the swimming section should be proportionally more, since it's the only part that substantially works the upper body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11378" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T19:16:39.673" Title="Why is the swim so short relative to the bike and run in triathlons?" Tags="|rules|triathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4111" CreationDate="2016-05-23T18:50:19.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lifting with the fingers will do little to  hook the ball, depending on the core and cover stock, some will be more aggressive than others.&#xA;The best was is to add a little twist to the ball, Think of tossing a football spiral pass underhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11379" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T18:50:19.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13785" CreationDate="2016-05-23T19:16:39.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A short distance in water does not necessarily mean an easy swim.  You exert yourself much more (lower and upper body) in the same distance and time while swimming.  If you swim at all, picture yourself at a lake with a dock on the other side of a typical cove.  If the lake bed was dry, and you jogged over to the dock, you would hardly have time to get your heart-rate up.  But swim to that dock in the water and you will be winded and it will take more time.  If the distances were 10 miles-10miles-10miles, the swim portion would take forever, and only the most elite of athletes would even finish.  If the distances were, say 1mile-1mile-1mile.  This would be an endurance swim, but almost a sprint run, and definitely a sprint bike.  Most standard triathlons are endurance events and if anything they are designed so that you spend more time running and biking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11371" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T19:16:39.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13766" CreationDate="2016-05-23T23:24:23.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there was a pinch hitter on the field, the player he replaced is no longer eligible to go back because he was already substituted and the one who pinched hit for him will replace him on the batting order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11383" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T23:24:23.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13791" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13792" CreationDate="2016-05-24T00:01:10.200" Score="7" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the recent Uber cup, I noticed that the line judge on the right is extending his arm (the sign for &lt;code&gt;In&lt;/code&gt;), although the shuttle was out by quite a bit. Luckily, the line judge at the top is correctly showing that the shuttle was out by extending both arms to the sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/2016/se/line-judge-in-out.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/2016/se/line-judge-in-out.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Two line judges showing different signs&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has the judge made an obvious mistake, or is something else going on here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T07:34:00.323" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T07:34:00.323" Title="Has this line judge made an obvious mistake?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13791" CreationDate="2016-05-24T00:01:10.200" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Badminton line judges only judge their line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shuttle comes anywhere near their line, they either signal &lt;em&gt;In&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Out&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Unsighted&lt;/em&gt;, but only relative to their line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire will look at both line judges; if any of the two signals &lt;em&gt;Out&lt;/em&gt;, the shuttle is regarded out. Line judges can skip the signal if the decision is obvious, i.e. the shuttle landed and rested more than roughly a meter inside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At lower-level tournaments with less line judges per court, line judges may be assigned to multiple lines, for example back line, one half of a side line, and doubles service line. In this case, the line judge indicates the composite result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T00:01:10.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-24T15:43:21.013" Score="4" ViewCount="2690" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: the bases loaded, one out. The Batter hits fly to left fielder who catches ball for 2nd out. The runner on third legally tags and scores. The runner on second however, never tags up as he runs as soon as ball is hit. The ball gets thrown back into infield and the runner on second is doubled-off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the run count from the runner who tagged up on third and scored before the runner on second was doubled-off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11387" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T20:40:29.827" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T20:40:29.827" Title="Can a run count despite a third out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13797" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13800" CreationDate="2016-05-24T16:29:43.727" Score="3" ViewCount="9539" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation I’m referring to can be seen in the following YouTube video:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gN6Fk_RS54&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tony Drago goes mad. German Masters Q v Alan McManus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting around the 4:50 mark in the video, an exchange between the players and the referee occurs which I cannot entirely make out, and after the exchange Tony Drago beats himself on the head. The referee asked Drago repeatedly, “Would you like to withdraw your concession?” but I have no idea what the response was and what caused Drago’s upset.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions therefore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From a technical rulebook point-of-view, what happened?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What did the players (likely) discuss in the exchange and what conclusion was reached?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why did Tony Drago get upset at himself?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9201" LastEditorUserId="9201" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T16:36:02.367" LastActivityDate="2023-07-29T23:04:40.423" Title="What happened in the Tony Drago vs. Alan McManus 2012 German Masters?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13796" CreationDate="2016-05-24T17:54:42.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.08 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; has an Approved Ruling at the end (top of page 39) that reads as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: One out, Jones on third, Smith on&#xA;  first, and Brown flies out to right field. Two outs. Jones&#xA;  tags up and scores after the catch. Smith attempted to&#xA;  return to first but the right fielder’s throw beat him to the&#xA;  base. Three outs. But Jones scored before the throw to&#xA;  catch Smith reached first base, hence Jones’ run counts.&#xA;  It was not a force play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this matches your scenario almost exactly and thus, the run would count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation is reiterated in the definition of &quot;Force Play&quot; (pages 143-144). A Force Out is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FORCE PLAY is a play in which a runner legally loses his right&#xA;  to occupy a base by reason of the batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas the throw-out-before-a-tag-up is not a force out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Example: Not a force out. One out. Runner on first and third.&#xA;  Batter flies out. Two out. Runner on third tags up and scores.&#xA;  Runner on first tries to retouch before throw from fielder&#xA;  reaches first baseman, but does not get back in time and is out.&#xA;  Three outs. If, in umpire’s judgment, the runner from third&#xA;  touched home before the ball was held at first base, the run&#xA;  counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T17:54:42.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13797" CreationDate="2016-05-24T20:36:04.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The build-up&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drago was down 41-65 with only blue, pink and black on the table. So he needed 6 points from snookers to be able to tie. He forced a snooker on the blue, moving back to 46-65, but still needing a snooker. Drago's next shot was a great safety behind the pink, and McManus was unable to make the shot, with a kiss on the pink leaving Drago only 52-65 down, and with enough points on the table to take the frame. Additionally, there was a free ball, as Drago didn't have a clear line to to both sides of the blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The final shot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drago still has work to do, and needs to clear the table (pink as free shot, any colour, then blue, pink and black). So he plays the shot with a lot of pace to get position on the blue or black, but the pink rattles out of the pocket, leaving McManus with a relatively simple shot on the blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The concession&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drago walks towards McManus, says &quot;Cheers, Alan&quot;, and offers him his hand, which McManus accepts. This is the accepted way to concede a snooker match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The realization&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee announces &quot;Frame&quot;, and Drago says immediately &quot;?????&quot;, causing the referee to ask &quot;Do you want to withdraw the concession&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that Drago made a miscalculation, and thought at first that he needed to make the free ball and extra colour to be left without requiring snookers. But after checking the scoreboard he realizes that he is only down by 13 points, and that McManus needs to at least make the blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The (non) retraction&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drago considers his position and states something like &quot;I don't know?? .... only down 15 points???&quot;, presumably pointing out his confusion, and that he only conceded due to making a mistake on the score. But when asked again he says that withdrawing the concession &quot;wouldn't be fair to Alan&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drago wasn't prepared to go back on a handshake, even though he gave it under a misapprehension. McManus was asked if he was happy to accepted the concession, and he said &quot;I am, absolutely&quot;, so Drago officially conceded the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting to your questions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Technically, Drago offered to concede the match, which he can do at any time, and McManus accepted. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The discussion between the players is as above, but I couldn't make out the words of the two vital statements from Drago.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drago was upset for conceding too soon, after having fought back with two snookers. It is very unusual to concede while there are enough points on the table, and had he not misjudged the score he would have let McManus take the pot on the blue.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T20:36:04.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13802" CreationDate="2016-05-24T20:42:18.833" Score="3" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are athletes ranked the way they are in the BWF world ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Marc Zwiebler, listed as World #10 as of May 2016, has not won any tournament this year, and has never won a top-level (Superseries) event. How come he's ranked so highly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T20:58:39.130" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T20:58:39.130" Title="How does the World Ranking work?" Tags="|ranking|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13801" CreationDate="2016-05-24T20:42:18.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever an athlete competes in a BWF tournament, they get some amount of points. The world ranking is then calculated by the sum of the 10 highest tournament points in the last year. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfcontent.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/player.aspx?id=11241&amp;amp;player=108860&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ranking details page&lt;/a&gt; of a player, these 10 are marked with yellow stars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of points awarded to a player for participating in a tournament depends on two factors: The result and the level of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a player who loses in the round of 128 in a Future series (the lowest level) tournament will be awarded 60 points. On the other hand, the winner of the Olympics gets a massive 12000 points. Semifinalists (place 3 and 4) will get about 75%, and quarterfinalists (places 5-8) about 50% of the winner's points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ranking rewards consistency; it is perfectly possible that an athlete who regularly reaches the later rounds of tournaments is ranked above one who only manages to win two high-level tournaments per year but does not play any other ones, or an athlete who only competes in the lower-level Future/International Series. For instance, Marc Zwiebler has often reached the quarterfinals at Superseries tournaments (5040 points), and the semi-finals or finals at Grand Prix Gold tournaments (~4000-6000 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot more subtleties, in particular the points awarded at national team events and special rules for doubles and mixed. You can find all of this information, and more, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/GCR/Part%20III%20-%20Section%201A%20-%20GCR%20Appendix%206%20-%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Appendix 6 of the BWF General Competition Regulations&lt;/a&gt;, in particular the table of points in §6.3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T20:42:18.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13803" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-25T05:24:28.327" Score="1" ViewCount="1095" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Major (a.k.a. &quot;Grand Slam&quot;) tennis tournament, what is the largest difference in total points won versus total points lost in a match where the winner of the match won fewer total points than the player that lost the match. Which tournament and players were involved and which round of the tournament did it occur in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what if this question was limited to only the Quarterfinal, Semifinal or Final rounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11365" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T20:52:21.597" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T20:52:21.597" Title="In a major tennis tournament match, what was the largest difference in points won and lost where the winner lost more points?" Tags="|tennis|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13804" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13805" CreationDate="2016-05-25T08:35:39.877" Score="5" ViewCount="1737" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2016 All-England finals, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfworldsuperseries.com/2016/03/13/okuhara-takes-all-england-cake-finals-yonex-all-england-open-2016/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wang Shixian was shown a yellow and a red card&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/01/olympic-badminton-players-charged-lose&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Guardian article&lt;/a&gt; even has a picture of a black card. What do these cards mean, and when are they typically shown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T09:19:48.130" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T13:17:56.997" Title="Meaning of penalty cards" Tags="|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13804" CreationDate="2016-05-25T08:35:39.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is misbehaving in some way, Badminton umpires have four ways to react:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires can issue a &lt;strong&gt;verbal warning&lt;/strong&gt;. In case of delay (the most common infraction), umpires repeat the score in minor cases, and add a &lt;em&gt;Play&lt;/em&gt; announcement to signal the second level of warning. At the next level of escalation, umpires will ask the player to come to the umpire chair in order to talk to them. A couple of common warnings are formalized in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.5%20-%20Vocabulary%20-3.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;vocabulary&lt;/a&gt;, for example &lt;em&gt;You must not delay the game&lt;/em&gt;, but umpires can be more precise if necessary. As a final warning, umpires sometimes point to their cards or inform the player that a card is imminent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of a repeat offense after a major verbal warning, or a more major offense (e.g. seeking coaching input while the shuttle is in play, or throwing the racket without endangering anyone), the umpire will show a &lt;strong&gt;yellow card&lt;/strong&gt;, and announce why&lt;sup&gt;§5 Vocabulary&lt;/sup&gt;. A yellow card has no effect at all apart from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/GCR/Part%20III%20-%20Section%201A%20-%20GCR%20Appendix%2011%20-%20Table%20of%20Offences%20and%20Penalties.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;monetary penalty&lt;/a&gt;: In international play, the third yellow card in a year costs 500$; all subsequent yellow cards 250$. National regulations may vary - for example, in the German Bundesliga it's just 50€. Every side can only be shown one yellow card per match. In case a side has already been shown a yellow card but still commits an infraction, a red card will be shown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;red card&lt;/strong&gt; is also called fault for misconduct. The opposing side gets one additional point, as if they'd won a rally. Apart from repeated infractions (a yellow-worthy offense after a yellow card), major offenses such as cussing at the umpire/opponent, throwing a racket anywhere near people, not showing up after an interval etc. are cause for a red card. A red card also comes with larger fines, &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/GCR/Part%20III%20-%20Section%201A%20-%20GCR%20Appendix%2011%20-%20Table%20of%20Offences%20and%20Penalties.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;500$&lt;/a&gt; at international levels. The umpire will also call the referee to discuss whether a black card is in order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If referee and umpire agree to disqualify a player, the referee will hand a &lt;strong&gt;black card&lt;/strong&gt; to the umpire, and the umpire can then show it to the player in question. Black cards are only shown for very major infractions, such as losing intentionally, hitting opponent or umpire with the racket and the like. A black card entails disciplinary action by the BWF or national federation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information about the procedure and infractions, refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.1%20-%20Instructions%20to%20Technical%20Officials%20(ITTO)%20-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Instructions to Technical Officials(ITTO)&lt;/a&gt; and §16 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20-%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws&lt;/a&gt;. Note that all kinds of warnings can also be handed out &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the match&lt;sup&gt;ITTO 5.17.10&lt;/sup&gt;, for instance when a player &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/SLYSMnFv5Pk?t=1m27s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;misbehaves upon losing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bear in mind that Badminton players are usually good sportsmen. Cards are very rare compared to other sports. At national levels, tournaments will often finish without a single card. At international levels, I estimate that cards are only shown in about 1% of matches. In particular, black cards are exceptionally rare - the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/22/badminton-player-attacks-former-doubles-partner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;last one at international levels&lt;/a&gt; dates back to 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2019-02-06T13:17:56.997" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T13:17:56.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13808" CreationDate="2016-05-25T12:09:59.510" Score="2" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ali vs Liston was a very famous match in the history of professional boxing, where Ali downed his opponent in a 1st round, 1st minute KO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzWynvBLJ4I&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video of the match&lt;/a&gt;, but wasn't really able to make out how the punch on the chin knocked out a professional boxer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly did the punch do? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did it really knock out Sonny Liston?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T15:08:01.750" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T15:11:53.360" Title="How exactly did the knockout punch work in Ali vs Liston (1965)?" Tags="|trivia|history|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-05-25T20:54:28.393" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13807" CreationDate="2016-05-25T15:05:24.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of the most controversial boxing matches in history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some argue that the Alì's punch has not knocked out his opponent, but currently there are no concrete information about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_vs._Sonny_Liston&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;On wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; there is an dedicated page with many info and many hypothesis on this match (also on the possibility that was fixed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So, I think it is not possible to provide a concrete answer to these questions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T15:11:53.360" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T15:11:53.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-26T00:35:42.113" Score="5" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player_efficiency_rating&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; article for John Hollinger's player efficiency rating (PER) statistic, which is commonly used as an &quot;all-in-one&quot; for (mostly offensive) performance in basketball. I would like to know how Hollinger cooked this formula up. I would guess it was based on some kind of historical regression, but I haven't been able to find out exactly (or even vaguely) what it is anywhere on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11389" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-22T01:14:34.583" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T01:14:34.583" Title="How did Hollinger come up with his PER formula?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13622" CreationDate="2016-05-26T01:40:22.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Formula 1 (AFAIK) - the pole doesn't count or any qualifying position. Actually doesn't matter if its qualifying or the main race. Any penalties (e.g. time penalty applied after the race) can drop a drivers grid/race position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can find more in the FIA regulations &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fia.com/regulations/regulation/fia-formula-one-world-championship-110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fia.com/regulations/regulation/fia-formula-one-world-championship-110&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2179" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T01:40:22.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13822" CreationDate="2016-05-26T13:28:22.400" Score="7" ViewCount="20038" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Champions League finals coming this weekend, I was wondering if any team has ever won the Champions League or the European Cup without ever losing a game in both the Qualification rounds and Elimination rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a common occurrence, has any team ever won without conceding a goal, or accomplished that feat twice in a row?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-08-24T14:18:20.950" LastActivityDate="2020-08-24T14:18:20.950" Title="What teams have won the Champions League undefeated?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13814" CreationDate="2016-05-26T13:48:53.147" Score="6" ViewCount="16740" Body="&lt;p&gt;At a Badminton tournament, a lot of different officials can be seen: There are obviously line judges and umpires, but from time to time we also see other technical officials coming on court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do the various technical officials do? How can I distinguish them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T03:45:09.667" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T20:05:18.493" Title="What are the roles of the various officials in badminton?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13813" CreationDate="2016-05-26T13:48:53.147" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/2016/se/officials.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/2016/se/officials.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Badminton court with all technical officials roles marked&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfcorporate.com/technical-officials/referees/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;referee&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; handles general tournament organization, extraordinary situations on court, and also supervises the other technical officials. Tournament organization includes, among many others, basic scheduling, informing officials and team managers of any tournament-specific details, shuttle testing, checking that courts and equipment are in order, selecting and evaluating umpires etc. . At larger tournaments, there is usually one head referee and multiple deputy referees, working together as a team. The referee team is typically seated next to tournament control. Normally, referees wear red uniforms. Referees come on court in case of injury, significant disputes, and extraordinary misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, the court and its surroundings is the domain of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfcorporate.com/technical-officials/umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;umpire&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, clothed in black, and typically sitting on a high umpire chair. The umpire keeps track of the score, calls any faults (e.g. shuttle touching a player, or receiver moving too early) and lets (e.g. receiver not ready, shuttle from another court flying on court), and communicates with the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;service judge&lt;/strong&gt; sits opposite the umpire on a normal chair. As the name indicates, he or she is mainly calling service faults so that the umpire can focus on the receiver. They also hand out new shuttles. Service judges are qualified umpires and thus wear a black uniform; umpires typically take turn in filling in either role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information on the hand signals by the service judge, refer to §7 of the the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.1%20-%20Instructions%20to%20Technical%20Officials%20(ITTO).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Instructions To Technical Officials (ITTO)&lt;/a&gt;. The ITTO also contain lots of guidance for the other officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some large tournaments also had a third umpire per match who is manning the Instant Review System (IRS). When a player challenged a close line call, the &lt;strong&gt;IRS umpire&lt;/strong&gt; made the decision, typically in an aside room or section away from court. These days, the IRS is usually fully automated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the team of &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfcorporate.com/technical-officials/line-judges/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;line judges&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is responsible for all line calls. At the top tournaments, umpires often fill in as line judges as well, but many international tournaments also have local volunteers. A line judge uniform is typically provided by the tournament organizer, often monochromatic blue or green. Two of the line judges - on at each side of the court - are also responsible for mopping the court in case of excessive sweat/dust/feathers accumulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of officials varies depending on the tournament importance. The full complement of referee, multiple deputy referees, umpire, service judge, 12 line judges and 2 mopper line judges is only reached at the very top tournaments (SuperSeries and Olympics). If officials are missing, their role is subsumed by another official. For instance, at national-level events, umpire and service judge often function as line judges for the lines they are sitting on, and one line judge presides over the back doubles service line, the back base line, and also mops the court if required. Depending on the tournament organization and/or national federation, shirt colors can also vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2018-03-08T13:35:43.200" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T13:35:43.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13817" CreationDate="2016-05-26T14:14:55.943" Score="6" ViewCount="8667" Body="&lt;p&gt;The grass or turf of a playing field can greatly affect gameplay, as grass affects the spin of the ball, traction / drag, among other things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA's Laws of the Game booklet&lt;/a&gt;, there is little specified about natural playing surfaces. The blurb only applies to artificial turf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The colour of artificial surfaces must be green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... the [artificial] surface must meet the requirements of the FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf or the International Artificial Turf Standard, unless special dispensation is given by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any regulations on grass height, density etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T04:32:53.130" Title="Is there a regulation grass height for football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13816" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-26T15:58:26.077" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the rankings works in the boxing associations (WBA, WBO, WBC ... )?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can a boxer improve his rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T15:58:26.077" Title="How does the rankings works in boxing?" Tags="|ranking|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13815" CreationDate="2016-05-26T19:06:24.537" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Found in 2015/16 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IV - Stadium Infrastructure 29.02&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For natural pitches, the height of the grass may not, in principle, exceed 30mm&#xA;  and the entire playing surface must be cut to the same height. The height of the&#xA;  cut should be the same for both the training sessions and the match. If deemed&#xA;  necessary by the referee or a UEFA match officer, the home club may be&#xA;  requested to reduce the height of the grass for the match and training sessions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T19:06:24.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13819" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13820" CreationDate="2016-05-26T22:09:08.157" Score="1" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does &quot;challenging&quot; work? On close line calls, sometimes there is a graphic showing whether the shuttle was in or out, but other times players just discuss with the umpire, and the match goes on. What's happening in these cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:09:43.367" LastActivityDate="2020-06-13T11:20:26.453" Title="What's challenging?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13819" CreationDate="2016-05-26T22:09:08.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At high-level tournaments (sometimes only on TV courts), the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hawkeyeinnovations.co.uk/sports/badminton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HawkEye&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Instant Review System&lt;/strong&gt; (IRS, informally &lt;em&gt;challenging&lt;/em&gt;) allows players - or if neither line judge nor umpire could see the shuttle, the umpire - to challenge line judges' and umpires' decisions. It is regulated by &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1.8%20-%20Instant%20Review%20System.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;section 4.1.8 of the laws&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as the challenges are successful in overturning the line judge's decision, players can challenge as often as they want. To prevent abuse, each side is limited to two unsuccessful challenges per game (until 2015 per match). Players must challenge &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; after the decision, and must not consult with coaches - so when you see an umpire denying a challenge, the player took to long to decide whether to challenge. Typically,  players will raise one finger to indicate that they are challenging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire will then raise their left arm to indicate to the referee that a challenge has been made.&#xA;The HawkEye system, aided by a technician, will then make a decision. Previously, an off-court umpire (on IRS duty) would review the footage and make the decision.&#xA;In any case, the decision gets relayed to the umpire, and a corresponding video shown to the audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of an unsuccessful challenge, the umpire will announce the (unchanged) score and how many challenges are remaining. In case of a successful challenge, the umpire will announce the corrected score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the line judge and umpire were not able to make a determination &lt;em&gt;In or Out&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. because a player was between line judge and shuttle), the umpire can also call IRS themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IRS is not available on every line; the service lines are not covered by current implementations due to cost reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only line calls can be challenged. Any &lt;em&gt;fault&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;let&lt;/em&gt; calls are final. In the future, a similar system may be available for service fault calls, and may be fully automated so that a decision can be made immediately, whereupon the procedures laid out above are likely to change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2020-06-13T11:20:26.453" LastActivityDate="2020-06-13T11:20:26.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="754" CreationDate="2016-05-27T07:31:44.703" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the batsman going for a run , one of the either is obstructed by a fielder in which a run is not completed...in this case the umpire will call dead ball and the non striker who is on 99 will take strike...( as the batsman has crossed each other)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11400" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T07:31:44.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13812" CreationDate="2016-05-27T07:37:36.357" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ten teams have won the European Cup/Champions League unbeaten, of which four have achieved this twice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Liverpool had 6 wins and 3 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980–81&lt;/a&gt; and 7 wins and 2 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983–84&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Milan had 5 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988–89&lt;/a&gt; and 7 wins and 5 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Road_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993–94&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ajax had 7 wins and 2 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1971–72&lt;/a&gt; and 7 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Road_to_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994–95&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Manchester United had 5 wins and 6 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998–99&lt;/a&gt; and 9 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007–08&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other clubs have achieved it on one occasion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Inter Milan had 7 wins and 2 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1963–64&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nottingham Forest had 6 wins and 3 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978–79&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Red Star Belgrade had 5 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_European_Cup_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990–91&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marseille had 7 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Road_to_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992–93&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Barcelona had 9 wins and 4 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_UEFA_Champions_League_Final#Route_to_the_final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005–06&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bayern Munich had 11 wins and 0 draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019–20&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11399" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-08-24T14:17:33.220" LastActivityDate="2020-08-24T14:17:33.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13825" CreationDate="2016-05-27T13:10:58.000" Score="2" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that many twitter posts about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra_Kvitov%C3%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Petra Kvitová&lt;/a&gt; use the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/hashtag/P3tra&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hashtag #P3tra&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is origin of this hashtag? Is there some significance to this name (like 3 important wins or somethings similar)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T14:35:44.170" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T14:35:44.170" Title="Why is the hashtag #P3tra used in posts about Petra Kvitová" Tags="|tennis|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13824" CreationDate="2016-05-27T14:27:17.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Petra Kvitová has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3477775/title/stats-corner-kvitovas-three-setters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a record of playing the biggest number of three-set matches&lt;/a&gt;, which is not something to be very proud of, I guess, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisratings.co.uk/article---petra-kvitova---why-does-she-play-so-many-3-set-matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;it has earned her&lt;/a&gt; the affectionate nickname “P3tra”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T14:27:17.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29401" CreationDate="2016-05-27T15:52:31.287" Score="0" ViewCount="1690" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is widely reported that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Anderson_%28weightlifter%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Anderson&lt;/a&gt; lifted 6270lbs in a &amp;quot;backlift&amp;quot;, but I have never seen a photo of this event and it seems that perhaps &lt;a href=&quot;http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/IGH/IGH0701/IGH0701e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the story is exaggerated&lt;/a&gt;. So my question is, what is the greatest weight lifted by a human, for which there is irrefutable evidence - preferably including photos or video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In response to a comment and to clarify further - I am talking about &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; style of lift. I do not care about how far the object is lifted off the ground. It could be just 1mm. This does introduce a problem, particularly for bulky objects (like cars) because you have to check very carefully that all four wheels are off the ground &lt;em&gt;at the same time&lt;/em&gt;. So the refereeing of the lift must be strict for the record to count. I would expect the heaviest weight lifted to be way way more (2x? 3x?) than simply the world record squat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T02:52:30.700" LastActivityDate="2024-01-30T19:54:49.347" Title="Greatest weight ever lifted (with good evidence)" Tags="|records|powerlifting|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-27T18:47:41.167" Score="1" ViewCount="546" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners on 2nd and 3rd 1 out... the batter hits a drive to the OF and the ball is caught for the 2nd out. the runners advance to home and 3rd base respectively for a sac fly... However, the runner on 2nd left to early and the defense appealed and the umpire called the runner trying to advance to 3rd out for leaving early but the runner on third scored easily before the double play now 8-6-1-4 occurred.. does the run count??? This really happened in my teams game 2 nights ago??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11403" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T20:58:03.260" Title="Does the run count?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3417" CreationDate="2016-05-27T19:19:05.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience that is mostly likely a Nozzle issue. One way to tell if your mag is leaking; Fill your mag up all the way then stick it in a bowl of water. If no bubbles start emerging from the mag it is leak free. If they do, you know where the leak is and will have to replace the O ring in that area. Based on the other things you said, you can 1. Make sure to clean and relube your gun, if you are lucky this might fix it, and make sure to do this regularly. If that doesn't help, my next idea would be a cracked nozzle, in which you will have to buy a replacement part. Try to inspect the nozzle and see if you can identify any cracks anywhere on it. If you want more detailed answers, try going to www.reddit.com/r/airsoft/ and make a post, but make sure to read the the rules first. If you wanna PM me personally, contact /u/The_Mexx and I should respond within 24 hours. I hope this help you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11404" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T19:19:05.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13827" CreationDate="2016-05-27T20:58:03.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It should count under MLB rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exceptions for a runner reaching the plate not to score are listed in 5.08(a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Third out by batter/runner before reaching first&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Third out by any runner in force play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Third out by a preceding runner failing to touch a base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last one doesn't apply because it is a trailing runner that is at fault, and the second doesn't apply because it's not a force play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think because scoring an out at a base because of missing or leaving early doesn't require a &quot;tag&quot;, some might misinterpret it as a &quot;force&quot; play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T20:58:03.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2016-05-28T06:15:11.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rankade&lt;/a&gt;, our ranking system for sports, games, and more, fits your needs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's free to use and it's designed to manage &lt;strong&gt;rankings&lt;/strong&gt; (and &lt;strong&gt;stats&lt;/strong&gt;, including matchup stats, and more) for small or large groups of players.&#xA;It can manage any kind of match: one-on-one, faction vs. faction (&lt;em&gt;two teams&lt;/em&gt;, which may be asymmetrical), and more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/dojo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;examples&lt;/a&gt; for soccer and foosball (and table tennis, and more) public group. We have many groups that use ranking to build teams (and/or brackets) for next match/tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T06:15:11.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13833" CreationDate="2016-05-28T12:13:09.483" Score="1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;When calculating &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slugging_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;slugging percentage&lt;/a&gt;, why do the numbers of singles, doubles, and triples get multiplied by 2, 3 and 4, respectively, in the numerator? And, perhaps related, why does the HR count remain as is without a coefficient?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T21:17:38.610" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T21:17:38.610" Title="What determines the coefficients in the definition of slugging percentage?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-05-28T16:35:36.417" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Posting a probably incomplete list as a CW answer. (So that other users can improve it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where the statistics on various sites are different, the numbers given here follow Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Goals&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Bican&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josef &amp;quot;Pepi&amp;quot; Bican&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;more than 770&lt;sup&gt;JB&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;701&lt;sup&gt;CR&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;700&lt;sup&gt;LM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ferenc Puskás&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;606&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ference Deák&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;576&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Müller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;563&lt;sup&gt;GM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Wilimowski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernst Wilimowski&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;554&lt;sup&gt;EW&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGrory#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy McGrory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;538&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lewandowski#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robert Lewandowski&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;513&lt;sup&gt;RL&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Schlosser&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Imre Schlosser&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;476&lt;sup&gt;IS&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eusébio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;473&lt;sup&gt;EUS&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatan_Ibrahimovi%C4%87#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zlatan Ibrahimović&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;457&lt;sup&gt;ZI&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Suárez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;440&lt;sup&gt;LS&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Benzema#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Karim Benzema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;407&lt;sup&gt;KB&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;JB&lt;/sup&gt; More than 805 goals &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/players/prolific.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to RSSSF&lt;/a&gt; in all competitive matches. This probably includes 34 international goals.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;GM&lt;/sup&gt; He scored 655 goals according to Wikipedia, but this includes 92 goals in Bezirksliga Schwaben and Regionalliga Süd.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;LM&lt;/sup&gt; As of 26 Feb 2023. Goals scored for Barcelona B and Barcelona C in lower level competitions are not counted here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;CR&lt;/sup&gt; As of 6 Nov 2022.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;IS&lt;/sup&gt; According to Wikipedia, he scored 417 goals in club appearances and 59 international goals.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;EW&lt;/sup&gt; He scored 554 goals in official matches &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/players/prolific.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to RSSSF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;EUS&lt;/sup&gt;Only goals for Benfica - the rest of his career he played outside of Europe.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;ZI&lt;/sup&gt;As of 22 May 2022. 53 goals scored for LA Galaxy are not counted here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;LS&lt;/sup&gt;As of 22 May 2022. 12 goals for Nacional de Montevideo are not counted here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;RL&lt;/sup&gt;As of 26 February 2023. 41 goals for Lech Poznań, 103 goals for Borussia Dortmund and 344 goals for Bayern Munich, 25 goals for Barcelona.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;KB&lt;/sup&gt;As of 25 February 2023. 66 goals for Lyon, 341 goals for Real Madrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-27T12:47:23.023" LastActivityDate="2023-02-27T12:47:23.023" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-05-29T02:06:20.600" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13831" CreationDate="2016-05-28T21:16:14.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you just have the definition of slugging percentage wrong. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slugging_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Quoting from Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Slugging percentage] is calculated as total bases divided by at bats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SLG = ((1B) + (2 x 2B) + (3 x 3B) + (4 x HR)) / AB&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. singles are multiplied by one (not two), doubles by two (not three), triples by three (not four) and home runs by four (not one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T21:16:14.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12972" CreationDate="2016-05-29T13:53:45.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Local clubs, which you may join to play in a local league, can be affliates of USA Hockey.  For example, local clubs in St. Louis belong to Missouri Hockey, which is an affliate of USA Hockey.   As mentioned in the previous answer, USA Hockey provides benefits such as insurance, training, goverance, safety programs, and other benefits.  If you want to participate in programs, leagues, and tournaments sponsored by a USA Hockey affiliated organization, you'll be required to join USA Hockey.  The annual fee for 2016-2017 is $40 plus an affiliate fee that goes back to the local affiliate for its own governance, training, screening programs, etc.  The 2016-2017 affliate fee for Missouri Hockey is $8 - it may be more or less for your local affliate.  Annual membership runs from September 1st though August 31st.  Renewals for the upcoming season start April 1st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While most clubs in the United States are members of USA Hockey, it's not required for a local club to join.  There are other governing organizations, like the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aausports.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Amateur Athletic Union&lt;/a&gt; for example, in which local clubs can participate.  Or they could presumably stay independent if they provided their own insurance and such.  However, organizations and players who are not members of USA Hockey may not participate in any USA Hockey program, and USA Hockey members can not participate in any non-USA Hockey sanctioned program.  You can have dual membership, but that would be governed by the club. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2182" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T13:53:45.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="946" CreationDate="2016-05-29T16:34:04.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compared to many other sports fencing is much safer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://fie.org/uploads/4/22485-IOC%20Epidemiology%20of%20Fencing%20Injury.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on this by Peter Harmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For prevalence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Studies in Table 10.1 indicate consistent  findings  of  a  time-loss  rate  of  0.0  to  0.3  per 1,000  athlete  exposures  (AE)  across  a  wide  variety of  competition  and  training  settings.  By  comparison, soccer and basketball have been found to have ~50  times  and  31  times  higher  rates  of  time  loss from  competition  because  of  injury,  respectively, than fencing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the main types of injuries, studies differ a bit, but it seems that hands, knees, and ankles are relatively common compared with other sorts of injuries.   See Harmer's article for details. (In my experience, hands are commonly scratched, blistered, or bruised, but injuries to the lower extremities, while rarer, can be more severe.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My own impression is that many fencing injuries are caused by people competing at too high a level for their ability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11412" LastEditorUserId="11412" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T12:19:18.243" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T12:19:18.243" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T01:43:46.720" Score="1" ViewCount="1489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unsure if that is that most accurate way of stating my question but what happens if a batter hits a foul ball that goes near the batter and he attempts to hit it again and misses or hits the ball foul again, is he out? Does a swing and a miss again count as another strike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T02:04:04.067" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T13:58:04.003" Title="Can a batter in baseball hit a foul ball twice?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13837" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T05:37:46.527" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;The French Open publishes on its &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/rolandgarros/videos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;YouTube videos&lt;/a&gt; with &quot;shots of the day&quot; - the most impressive plays from a particular day at the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the point, an information about kWh is shown.&#xA;For instance after &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Lfl4NfnEfR0?t=26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this lob of Ramos in the match against Sock&lt;/a&gt;, the following data are shown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;41 forehand winners, 184,5 kWh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is this information supposed to represent? It would be especially nice if some official source about this can be found. (By &quot;official&quot;, I mean from Roland Garros' website, the video sponsor, or the stats provider.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T04:08:30.613" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T01:19:40.920" Title="What does data about kWh in the French Open &quot;shots of the day&quot; videos mean?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13838" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13858" CreationDate="2016-05-30T06:01:45.343" Score="1" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does latitude, longitude, and x,y positions mean in basketball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These terms are from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kaggle.com/c/kobe-bryant-shot-selection/data&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, corresponding to 'lat', 'lon', 'loc_x', and 'loc_y'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would appreciate an explanation in layman's terms, since I'm not familiar with any aspects of basketball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that the values of 'lat' and 'lon' fall near 34 degrees and -118 degrees, respectively. 'loc_x' and 'loc_y' are both 0 for 'dunk's and 'layup's that the mentioned basketball player made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;edit2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some of the dataset:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;action_type,combined_shot_type,game_event_id,game_id,lat,loc_x,loc_y,lon,minutes_remaining,period,playoffs,season,seconds_remaining,shot_distance,shot_made_flag,shot_type,shot_zone_area,shot_zone_basic,shot_zone_range,team_id,team_name,game_date,matchup,opponent,shot_id&#xA;Jump Shot,Jump Shot,12,20000012,34.0443,-157,0,-118.4268,10,1,0,2000-01,22,15,0,2PT Field Goal,Left Side(L),Mid-Range,8-16 ft.,1610612747,Los Angeles Lakers,2000-10-31,LAL @ POR,POR,2&#xA;Jump Shot,Jump Shot,35,20000012,33.9093,-101,135,-118.3708,7,1,0,2000-01,45,16,1,2PT Field Goal,Left Side Center(LC),Mid-Range,16-24 ft.,1610612747,Los Angeles Lakers,2000-10-31,LAL @ POR,POR,3&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11415" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-20T07:18:33.280" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T07:18:33.280" Title="Definition of positional terms (latitude/longitude) of basketball shots?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13837" CreationDate="2016-05-30T09:29:49.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if this should really be an answer, but it was too long for a comment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tennis ball mass of 57g&lt;/a&gt;, it is &lt;strong&gt;not the kinetic energy of 41 forehand winners.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given 184.5kWh you have enough energy to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ch/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&amp;amp;ion=1&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8#q=0.5%20*%200.057kg%20*%2053332%20miles%2Fhour%20*%2053332%20miles%2Fhour%20*%2041%20in%20kwh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;accelerate 41 tennis balls to a velocity of 53000 mph&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also &lt;strong&gt;not the energy expended by the players in the match&lt;/strong&gt;, as 1 kW is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/archive/how-powerful-are-the-pros-74026&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;more than an athlete can output over an extended time&lt;/a&gt;, and the match can't have been going for hundreds of hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T09:29:49.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13840" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T11:09:30.563" Score="3" ViewCount="2355" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know 9 teams in NBA history have come back to win a series after being down 3-1 in the playoffs, but how many managed to take it to 7, regardless of whether they won the series or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11416" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T12:22:08.107" LastActivityDate="2017-05-08T19:12:50.283" Title="How many teams have forced a game 7 after being down 3-1 in the series?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13841" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14329" CreationDate="2016-05-30T13:10:35.527" Score="0" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know which player has hit most &lt;strong&gt;international sixes&lt;/strong&gt; on a single cricket ground? It would be better if answers would show all 4 categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All (Test/ODI/T20I combined)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tests&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ODIs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;T20Is&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11417" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T08:30:10.033" Title="Most Sixes on a Ground by a Player - Cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13844" CreationDate="2016-05-30T13:11:04.570" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, the ball flies pretty low to the ground, about 6 feet or lower. Seeing as offensive players waiting on a base will often run as soon as the ball is hit, the possibility of them being hit by a ball is present. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, has a baserunner ever been hit by a batted ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T16:06:26.317" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T16:06:26.317" Title="Has a baserunner ever been hit by a batted ball?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13842" CreationDate="2016-05-30T13:58:31.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has this ever occurred? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-e_F28LkXc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(7) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; states what is ruled in such an occurence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;He is touched by a fair ball in fair territory before the ball&#xA;  has touched or passed an infielder&lt;/strong&gt;. The ball is dead and&#xA;  no runner may score, nor runners advance, except runners&#xA;  forced to advance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T13:58:31.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13840" CreationDate="2016-05-30T15:17:07.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...how many managed to take it to 7, regardless of whether they won the series or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has happened 31 times, courtesy mostly of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/4lmm1y/game_7_results_after_a_31_deficit_was_overturned/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ps3FifaCfc95 of Reddit&lt;/a&gt;. This can be verified using &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt; or any respectable NBA source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 3-1 deficit has been overcome 11 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2016-nba-finals-cavaliers-vs-warriors.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Cavaliers Warriors&lt;/a&gt; 4th away yes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2016-nba-western-conference-finals-thunder-vs-warriors.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Warriors Thunder&lt;/a&gt; 3rd home yes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8VAtd.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8VAtd.png&quot; alt=&quot;3-1 deficit NBA playoff results&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: &quot;The first team is the one that came from 3-1 down, then there's the round, whether the recovering team were home or away, and whether they pulled off the comeback.&quot;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-08T19:12:50.283" LastActivityDate="2017-05-08T19:12:50.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13856" CreationDate="2016-05-30T16:09:44.897" Score="4" ViewCount="967" Body="&lt;p&gt;When an ice-hockey team has too many players on the ice, it is given a &quot;Too Many Men on the Ice&quot; penalty. The rules recognize that this is not the fault of any individual player, and so assign a penalty to the team. However, a specific player is required to sit in the penalty box while the team is shorthanded for two minutes. It is not the player who is most to blame for the penalty, as the penalized team gets to choose which player goes to the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why is a team forced to take a specific player out of the action? Why couldn't it just play four skaters until the penalty is over without anyone actually sitting in the box?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11045" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T13:26:48.790" Title="Why does a player have to serve a Too Many Men on the Ice penalty?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13847" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T18:45:58.420" Score="5" ViewCount="2880" Body="&lt;p&gt;So figure that a batter has 2 strikes on him and bunts the ball foul for strike 3 is the ball still in play since it is considered a strikeout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11420" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T21:46:54.350" Title="Is a bunted foul ball for strike 3 a dead ball?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13848" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T20:21:00.500" Score="1" ViewCount="1798" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the runner advancing from first to second is hit by the ball thrown by the outfielder while not on the bag, is he out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11421" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T08:59:53.083" Title="if the runner advancing to second base is hit by the throw from the outfield, is he out?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13848" CreationDate="2016-05-30T21:25:47.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the runner is determined to have &amp;quot;intentionally interfered&amp;quot; with the throw, then yes, the runner is out. This is covered under Rules 5.09(b)(3) and 6.01(a)(10) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He intentionally interferes with a thrown ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interference by a batter or a runner when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He ... intentionally interferes with a thrown ball ... The umpire shall call the runner out in accordance&#xA;with Rule 5.09(b)(3) (former Rule 7.08(b)).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the runner is determined to have not intentionally interfered with the throw, then the runner is not out&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://baseball-rules.com/FAQs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Moreover, the ball is still live&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://umpirebible.com/rules/runnerHit.htm#thrown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T02:23:34.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13847" CreationDate="2016-05-31T00:18:04.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Rule 5.06(c)5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is dead and runners advance one base, or return to their bases, without liability to be put out, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A foul ball is not caught, in which case runners return to their bases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also the reason why pitchers often will not attempt to bunt on two strikes: a foul bunt is a dead ball and strike three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T21:13:35.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13851" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13857" CreationDate="2016-05-31T00:24:22.477" Score="1" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is my understanding of the new tyre regulations for 2016 correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This season sees teams/drivers given three tyre choices for each grand prix: one prime and two option tyres, with the second option tyre being softer than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: medium (white), soft (yellow) and supersoft (red).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11423" LastEditorUserId="11423" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T00:09:55.120" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T00:09:55.120" Title="F1 Tyre Regulations for 2016?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13847" CreationDate="2016-05-31T00:45:22.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any foul ball is a dead ball if it is not caught. This is covered under Rule 5.06(c)(5) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball becomes dead and runners advance one base, or return to&#xA;  their bases, without liability to be put out, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A foul ball is not caught, in which case runners&#xA;  return to their bases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T00:45:22.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8781" CreationDate="2016-05-31T01:57:43.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a hockey player, I (more often than not) would apply wax (Commonly found as SexWax) on my stick. It's a perfectly legitimate resource to use, and adds a little more grip when stick handling. As for pine tar, I'm not certain, although, with how well it works for baseball grips, it may be worth a shot to apply a bit on the heel of your stick and see if it helps. It may be negated when it comes in contact with water (rubbing on the ice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11424" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T01:57:43.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13861" CreationDate="2016-05-31T02:10:18.150" Score="2" ViewCount="11527" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that traditionally if a player is injured someone will kick the ball out of bounds in order to stop play. My question is whether the referee has any discretion to stop play for an injury or other reason, for example, pitch invasions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee is able to, how does the game restart and who is in possession of the ball when the game restarts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10380" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T05:25:39.887" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T05:25:39.887" Title="Can the referee stop play for an injury or any other reason?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13854" CreationDate="2016-05-31T07:00:45.033" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the referee stops play while the ball is still in play (for an injury or a pitch invasion or any other reason), play is restarted with a &lt;strong&gt;dropped ball&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjZjsGd3YPNAhWJKo8KHWJyBw4QFggcMAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2FDocument%2FFootballDevelopment%2FRefereeing%2F02%2F36%2F01%2F11%2FLawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHXURq6bh9Xk3iGXWXUWiSY7hRfDg&amp;amp;sig2=I67OSfz-aCTAZ-K82I3t0g&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game 2015/16&lt;/a&gt; Law 8: Start and Restart of Play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Definition of dropped ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A dropped ball is a method of restarting play when, while the ball is still in play, the referee is required to stop play temporarily for any reason not mentioned elsewhere in the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when play was&#xA;  stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the&#xA;  referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.&#xA;  Play restarts when the ball touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infringements and sanctions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;The ball is dropped again&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •    if it is touched by a player before it makes contact with the ground&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •    if the ball leaves the field of play after it makes contact with the ground,without a player touching it&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;If the ball enters the goal&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •    if a dropped ball is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick is awarded&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  •    if a dropped ball is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10215" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T07:00:45.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13846" CreationDate="2016-05-31T07:55:05.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If nobody would be sitting in the penalty box, the team would need to wait until the first whistle after the penalty time expiry and only then send the complete five-men squad, as it would be impossible to ensure the correct time otherwise. In that case, you can easily imagine the shorthanded team being unable to stop the play legally for very long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the currently valid rules, at the exact moment the penalty time expires, the player goes to the ice to help his teammates (governed by the penalty-box attendant opening the gate for him):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. Penalties are said to have expired at the exact time of the penalty on the scoreclock plus the length of the penalty. For instance, if a minor penalty is called at 4:58, it expires at 2:58. If a major penalty is assessed at 13:05, it expires at 8:05, whether or not the skater steps on the ice at that exact second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Rule 102 – Penalties on the Scoreclock)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same logic applies when a player is assessed a minor and misconduct penalty at the same time: Generally, a player with a misconduct penalty waits in the penalty box until the next stoppage of play (his team is not short-handed during those 10 minutes of his penalty, it’s just that he personally is not allowed to play). But when the player receives a minor penalty as well, &lt;em&gt;another&lt;/em&gt; player needs to sit in the penalty box to be able to return after two minutes (while the penalized player stays in the box to serve the whole misconduct penalty).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[i. …] For coincident minor penalties and misconduct penalties, the skater is allowed to return to the ice only at the first whistle after the penalty time has been served.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ii.  Only penalties displayed on the scoreclock allow a team to gain extra skaters during game action when they expire. Penalties not displayed on the scoreclock include coincident minors or majors, misconducts, game misconducts, and coincident match penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;v. In the case of misconduct penalties, the skater is allowed to return to the ice only after the first whistle after the expiration of his penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Rule 102 – Penalties on the Scoreclock)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. When a skater is assessed a minor and misconduct penalty at the same time, the penalized team must immediately put an additional skater in the penalty box to serve the minor penalty. No substitution of this skater is allowed in on-ice manpower. At the expiration of that penalty, the teammate may leave the penalty box but the skater who committed the infractions must remain in the penalty box to serve the misconduct penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Rule 108 – Duration of Penalties/Minor and Misconduct)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Also, note that there are more infractions penalized by a bench minor penalty other than just &lt;em&gt;Too Many Men&lt;/em&gt;, even though this is probably the most common; another example is a penalty for a second violation of faceoff procedures at the same faceoff.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(All citations from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Sport/IIHF_Official_Rule_Book_2014-18_Web_V6.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the IIHF Official Rule Book 2014–18&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T13:26:48.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13851" CreationDate="2016-05-31T10:03:09.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kind of yes, but it's a bit more complicated than that, as you would expect from F1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2016 there are 3 different tyre compounds available for each race, last season there were just 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tyre manufacturer, Pirelli, will decide which 3 are available for each race, it varies from track to track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a total of 5 compounds for them to choose from, ranging from Ultra Soft through Super Soft, Soft, Medium and Hard.  Generally speaking, they will choose harder compounds on tracks that are more &quot;abrasive&quot; ie harder on the tyres and vice-versa. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The softer compounds give more grip and so are in theory quicker, but they also wear out more quickly and so the driver will need to pit more frequently if they use the softer compounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All drivers MUST use at least two different compounds during the race, unless it is classified as a wet race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's wet, they can also choose Intermediate tyres, Wet tyres or Monsoon Tyres, depending on how wet it is.  They can also choose from the usual &quot;dry&quot; compounds if they feel the track is dry enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each race weekend, each driver has a total of 13 sets of tyres, across the 3 compounds for that race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for the changes is to try to make the racing more exciting by giving the teams more options for strategy in the race, varying number of pit-stops etc.  I will not comment as to if that has worked or not though!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams will evaluate the tyres during the practise sessions and then call them &quot;Prime&quot; and &quot;Option&quot; based on their findings.  Usually the Prime tyre is the one they intend using for most of the race but this can vary if the track is &quot;rubbered in&quot; more than expected as the tyres will then last for longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/122220&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/122220&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="339" LastEditDate="2016-05-31T10:53:23.700" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T10:53:23.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13838" CreationDate="2016-05-31T20:49:16.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;LOC_X&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;LOC_Y&lt;/code&gt; are what you want to look at; those are the location on the floor.  X is left-right along the endline with 0 centered at the basket (negative numbers left of the basket if the basket is on the bottom of the chart), and Y is positive towards halfcourt with 0 being at the basket (so very small negative numbers are possible, since the basket hangs just over the baseline).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://thedatagame.com.au/2015/09/27/how-to-create-nba-shot-charts-in-r/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this R tutorial&lt;/a&gt; for more information.  The NBA doesn't actually suggest people use these data, so they don't publish a glossary, but this page does a good job of explaining it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latitude/longitude I suspect is useless information; the values are approximately equal to Los Angeles's Lat/Lon even when playing an away game, so they really make no sense.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T20:49:16.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10387" CreationDate="2016-05-31T21:21:03.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Record an individual score for each player as $(f,a)$ where $f$ is the number of goals scored by that player's team &lt;em&gt;when that player was actively playing&lt;/em&gt;, and $a$ similarly the goals against their team.&#xA;This means a sub, or someone who left early or arrived late or left the field or switched teams partway through, doesn't get credit for a goal scored by their team if they couldn't possibly have contributed to the goalscoring situation, and similarly don't get marked against if they couldn't have done anything to prevent the goal.&#xA;You could add a third component $p$, which is how many goals a player personally scores, if there are individuals who often get the decisive strike or final touch.&#xA;Having established this system, future teams are picked such that the 2-norm of differences of sums is minimised. For example, a team has $(F,A)=(17,10)$ and their opponents have $(14,8)$. The differences are 3 and 2; the squares are 9 and 4; the sum is 13; the 2-norm is therefore $√13=3.6$. If there is no way to trade exactly one player from each team and lower that value, then this is the &quot;fairest&quot; way to pick two teams from that group of players. If you have a $p$-score as well, the difference between $P$-scores must be as small as possible (this balances the amazing strikers separately from picking teams).&#xA;This is a simple system to score for: either they were on the field or they weren't, and either their team scored or was scored against, each time a goal happens. It gives some measure of attacking and defending ability, especially after several games or when several players are added together. It can be modified for creating three fair teams from a group of players (this requires more math than needed here). It can even be applied after every single goal, especially if a computer spreadsheets is being used to record scores and calculate teams. If you don't like the 2-norm team calculation, the $(p,f,a)$ system gives you something to start with, anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T21:21:03.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13860" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13862" CreationDate="2016-05-31T22:53:26.590" Score="5" ViewCount="728" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have 5 categories in basketball which we take into account when triple-double or quadruple-double is achieved. They are: points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The achievement of quadruple-double is extremely rare, triple-double is not so rare, and I have defined the achievement that splits rebounds into offensive ones and defensive ones and I do not know how often such an achievement happens?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, to define it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let us call an achievement in basketball a &lt;em&gt;jumper´s triple-double&lt;/em&gt; if the following two conditions are fulfilled:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) The player has a double digit number of offensive rebounds and a double digit number of defensive rebounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) The player has a double digit number of two out of the remaining four categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for example, if someone has 19 points and 10 assists and 23 rebounds and if 8 rebounds are offensive and 15 defensive than he did not achieve a &lt;em&gt;jumper´s triple-double&lt;/em&gt; but if 11 rebounds are offensive and 12 defensive than he did achieve a &lt;em&gt;jumper´s triple-double&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) How often does the achievement of &lt;em&gt;jumper´s triple-double&lt;/em&gt; happen (for instance, how many times we can expect it in one professional basketball season (you can take NBA as an example if you want))?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Can you give some documented examples of basketball players that achieved &lt;em&gt;jumper´s triple-double&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE&lt;/strong&gt;: The term &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;jumper's triple-double&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; an official term for any basketball statistic and has been made up to indicate a particular statistic just for the purpose of this question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11428" LastEditorUserId="10215" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T05:03:12.293" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T06:55:51.393" Title="How often does this achievement happen in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13854" CreationDate="2016-06-01T00:11:19.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee is only permitted to stop play for an injury if it is deemed &lt;em&gt;serious&lt;/em&gt;. Head injuries, suspected fractures, loss of consciousness, open wounds and heavy collisions would usually be deemed serious; rolled ankles, cramps and minor knocks would generally &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; be deemed serious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From p. 45 - 46 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/document&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016/17 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Injuries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is only slightly injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stops play if a player is seriously injured and ensures that the player is removed from the field of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes on further to state that the restart of play is a dropped ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if play has not been stopped for another reason, or if an injury suffered by a player is not the result of an infringement of the Laws of the Game, play is restarted with a dropped ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By playing the ball out when an opponent is only &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; injured, teams are waiving their right to continue playing as an act of respect for their opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams will generally play the ball out immediately if one of their teammates is injured, in order to restore their side to full strength. However, they will usually not play the ball out in the middle of a promising attack, since the attack is more important than having a full complement of players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In previous editions of the Laws, it vaguely stated that the referee could stop, suspend or abandon the match for any outside interference. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/document&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;new 2016/17 edition of the Laws&lt;/a&gt;, some examples of what may constitute outside interference are provided on p. 47 - 48:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outside interference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match for any infringements of the Laws or&#xA;because of outside interference e.g. if:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the floodlights are inadequate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an object thrown by a spectator hits a match official, a player or team official, the referee may allow the match to continue, or stop, suspend or abandon it depending on the severity of the incident&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a spectator blows a whistle which interferes with play - play is stopped and restarted with a dropped ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an extra ball, other object or animal enters the field of play during the&#xA;match, the referee must:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stop play (and restart with a dropped ball) only if it interferes with play unless the ball is going into the goal and the interference does not prevent a defending player playing the ball, the goal is awarded if the ball enters the goal (even if contact was made with the ball) unless the&#xA;ball enters the opponents’ goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;allow play to continue if it does not interfere with play and have it removed at the earliest possible opportunity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On p. 36, the procedure for handling persons other than players entering the field of play is outlined:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach and other officials named on the team list (with the exception of players or substitutes) are team officials. Anyone not named on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is an outside agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team official, substitute, substituted or sent off player or outside agent enters the field of play the referee must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;only stop play if there is interference with play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have the person removed when play stops&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;take appropriate disciplinary action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If play is stopped and the interference was by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a team official, substitute, substituted or sent off player, play restarts with a direct free kick or penalty kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an outside agent, play restarts with a dropped ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is going into the goal and the interference does not prevent a defending player playing the ball, the goal is awarded if the ball enters the goal (even if contact was made with the ball) unless the ball enters the opponents’ goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T00:11:19.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13860" CreationDate="2016-06-01T06:55:51.393" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;How often should you expect it? Never. &lt;a href=&quot;http://bkref.com/tiny/AXazj&quot;&gt;Only 24 times since 1983 has a player recorded a triple double with 20+ rebounds&lt;/a&gt;, which is the absolute minimum required to even look at the offensive/defensive breakdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the 1983-1984 season, which is as far back as Basketball Reference has rebounding stats, only one player has achieved your &quot;jumper's triple double&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://bkref.com/tiny/B53bw&quot;&gt;That player was Shaquille O'Neal.&lt;/a&gt; On November 20, 1993, in his second season in the league, he had 18 defensive rebounds, 10 offensive rebounds, 24 points, and 15 blocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ballislife.com/shaq-triple-double-24-points-28-rebounds-and-15-blocks-1993/&quot;&gt;It was a pretty good game.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T06:55:51.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10509" CreationDate="2016-06-01T07:01:12.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Thailand. Unfortunately, walk-offs by teams unhappy with something or other seem very common here. It seems that the official rules allow a walk-off to continue for up to 15 minutes when, if the team fails to return, the game is forfeited with a 0-2 victory to the opposition. I find this not only frustrating, but bizarre. The referee is not going to (or shouldn't) change a decision relating to play unless choosing to take the advice of his assistants e.g. over whether a foul challenge was in the box or not. Is the referee in charge or not? The delay just seems an excuse for a team and coach to show its' frustration, rather than the referee just continuing with the game, decision made, rightly or wrongly. It has to be accepted that referees do make mistakes, but also that players have to accept that, harsh or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11430" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T07:01:12.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13865" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-01T10:40:48.613" Score="4" ViewCount="1245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the following scenario would the run count? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a runner on third and 2 outs, the batter swings and misses the third strike and the catcher does not catch the ball. Further the runner on third crosses home plate before the batter is either tagged out or out via a putout at first base?&#xA;Does the general rule that a run doesn't count if the batter is out at first base apply or does it count because the runner is deemed to have scored because it is considered a stolen base? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11433" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T11:09:32.607" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T22:00:09.433" Title="Does a run count on a passed ball on a third strike?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13836" CreationDate="2016-06-01T13:20:03.060" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a batter in baseball hit a foul ball twice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bat hitting the ball a second time results in a dead ball. This is covered under Rule 5.09(a)(9) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After hitting or bunting a ball that continues to move over foul&#xA;  territory, he intentionally deflects the course of the ball in any&#xA;  manner while running to first base. The ball is dead and no runners&#xA;  may advance;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if a batter hits a foul ball that goes near the batter and he attempts to hit it again and misses or hits the ball foul again, is he out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. This is ruled interference in either case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batter swings and misses on the second attempt, this will most likely be interference as the catcher will most likely have a play on fielding the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This covered under Rules 6.01(a)(2) and (10).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is interference by a batter or a runner when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He intentionally deflects the course of a foul ball in any manner;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He fails to avoid a fielder who is attempting to field a batted&#xA;  ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does a swing and a miss again count as another strike?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The ball is dead in any scenario above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PENALTY FOR INTERFERENCE: The runner is out&#xA;  and the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T13:58:04.003" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T13:58:04.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13869" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13870" CreationDate="2016-06-01T17:55:47.967" Score="3" ViewCount="8409" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if a base runner attempts a steal right before the pitch, then the batter hits a foul ball. Since the ball is dead, I would assume the base would not get stolen. I also know that on a strike or a ball a player can also steal a base, but the catcher throws the ball to the appropriate base to get the player tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the cut-off as far as telling what base a player should be on after a foul ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="10657" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T23:36:26.520" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T23:36:26.520" Title="What happens if a base runner attempts a steal right before the pitch, then the batter hits a foul ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13869" CreationDate="2016-06-01T18:00:14.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens if a base runner attempts a steal right before the pitch, then the batter hits a foul ball? What is the cut-off as far as telling what base a player should be on after a foul ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no cut-off. If it is a foul ball, the ball is dead and the runners return to their base. This is covered under Rule 5.06(c)(5) of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball becomes dead and runners advance one base, or return to their&#xA;  bases, without liability to be put out, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A foul ball is not caught, in which case runners return to their bases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a foul ball is caught, the runner must return to his base (ie, retouch) or is at risk of becoming out. This is covered under Rule 5.09(b)(5).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He fails to retouch his base after a fair or foul ball is legally caught before he, or his base, is tagged by a fielder.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since the ball is dead, I would assume the base would not get stolen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T18:00:14.087" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13865" CreationDate="2016-06-01T22:00:09.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run does not count if the batter does not safely reach first.  It does count if the batter does safely reach first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.08 (4.09) How a Team Scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to&#xA;    and touches first, second, third and home base before three men&#xA;    are put out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner&#xA;      advances to home base during a play in which the third&#xA;      out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches&#xA;      first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by&#xA;      a preceding runner who is declared out because he&#xA;      failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then how an out is made:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.09 Making an Out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(a) (6.05) Retiring the Batter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A batter is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(10) After a third strike or after he hits a fair ball, he or first&#xA;      base is tagged before he touches first base;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note how they group &quot;after a third strike&quot; with &quot;hits a fair ball&quot;.  (The normal third-strike scenario is covered earlier in the list, so it's clear that this is only a dropped third strike situation.)  A dropped third strike with two outs or with first base open is essentially identical to a ball in play as far as the rulebook is concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, a further example of this is made clear in the rules, which while not this case is quite similar and addresses the &quot;stolen base&quot; part of your question directly, in 5.09 (14):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(14) With two out, a runner on third base, and two strikes on&#xA;      the batter, the runner attempts to steal home base on a&#xA;      legal pitch and the ball touches the runner in the batter’s&#xA;      strike zone. The umpire shall call “Strike Three,” the batter&#xA;      is out and the run shall not count; before two are out,&#xA;      the umpire shall call “Strike Three,” the ball is dead, and&#xA;      the run counts;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the scenario you ask about, the run does not count not because of the action of the runner (he's hit by a pitch, which is not something that makes you out) but because the batter is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T22:00:09.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13876" CreationDate="2016-06-01T22:30:08.700" Score="10" ViewCount="2122" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why would forfeits in football be scored as 3-0 to the non-forfeiting team?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is there any reason for this score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-02T21:37:11.870" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T21:37:11.870" Title="Why would forfeits in football be scored as 3-0?" Tags="|rules|football|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13874" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13875" CreationDate="2016-06-02T04:47:55.327" Score="6" ViewCount="704" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been going through Alex Harrold's podcast in the Tim Ferris show, and there he says that there are only two climbers in the world who have successfully climbed a 15C difficulty wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Were there really only two climbers? Which climbers have achieved this?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a search, I found that one was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Ondra&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adam Ondra&lt;/a&gt;. Who else has done so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T06:08:40.823" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T21:06:47.737" Title="Which climbers have successfully scaled a wall with 15C difficulty?" Tags="|records|climbing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13874" CreationDate="2016-06-02T05:01:37.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Ondra&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Adam Ondra&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Sharma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Chris Sharma&lt;/a&gt; climbed La Dura Dura, 9b+/5.15c.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11437" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T09:39:34.880" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T09:39:34.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13872" CreationDate="2016-06-02T05:15:35.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the final standings depend on goal difference, goals scored, goals conceded, or a score between two specific teams, then a score needs to be recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly it would be a benefit to the team forfeiting to be granted any goals, as this helps their goals-for. On the other hand, if a team would only get goals by cheating, they shouldn't be given any. Thus, the forfeiting team gets a score of zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team that wins shouldn't also be given zero, since a bad team could just enforce a nil-all draw (in terms of goals scored/conceded) with anybody better, which does more damage to ranking than anything else might. If they're one of those good teams, a single goal isn't fair either, but neither is say, twenty (since it causes a similar problem). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it has to be something sensible, something realistic.&#xA;Now three goals is pretty decent, and affects the forfeiting team's goals-against more than just playing the match (ideally, anyway), acting as a deterrent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll find some competitions will give five-nil scores instead of three-nil, or will use a formula to estimate a &quot;more accurate and fair&quot; winning score. Three is an overall guess at the average expected score if the forfeited match were actually played, as it &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;removes extra thought&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;removes additional oversight requirements&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is easy and simple to remember and apply as a rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-06-02T07:10:12.087" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T07:10:12.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13145" CreationDate="2016-06-02T09:10:55.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are two rankings by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2016-2017/leo-messi-draws-level-with-eusebio-for-number-of-goals-with-the-same-club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FCBarcelona.com&lt;/a&gt; official page and Spanish paper &lt;a href=&quot;https://scontent.fsof3-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/15094361_728606243964390_8453748507702950649_n.jpg?oh=d3b68ec97ae2519a13d8d802e76f4e6f&amp;amp;oe=58B32071&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sport&lt;/a&gt;, which are used as the most reliable ones (for the retired players).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Pele's goals are not scored in Europe, anyway, they are pointed as an ultimate achievement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per 5 June 2023:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Goals&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://messi.starplayerstats.com/en/goals/5/0/all/0/0/0/t/all/all/0/1/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FC_Barcelona_records_and_statistics#Top_goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;672&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9#Club_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Santos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;643&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Bican&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josef Bican&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Slavia Prague&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;534&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller#Club_career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Müller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FC_Bayern_Munich_records_and_statistics#Goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bayern München&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;525(564&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_McGrory&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy McGrory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Celtic_F.C._records_and_statistics#Top_goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Celtic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;522&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe_Seeler&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uwe Seeler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hamburger&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;507&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eusebio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_S.L._Benfica_records_and_statistics#Top_goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benfica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;473&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Real_Madrid_CF_records_and_statistics#Goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;450&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81guas#Statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Águas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Benfica&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;379&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nen%C3%A9_(footballer,_born_1949)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nené&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Benfica&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;359&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Benzema#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Karim Benzema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;354&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Rush#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ian Rush&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Liverpool_F.C._records_and_statistics#Top_goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liverpool&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;346&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lewandowski#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robert Lewandowski&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bayern Munich&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;344&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telmo_Zarra&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Telmo Zarra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Athletic_Bilbao_records_and_statistics#Top_goalscorers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Athletic Bilbao&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;336&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Raúl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;323&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano#Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo Di Stéfano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;307&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Gerd Müller has scored 39 more goals in 1964-65 season for Bayern in Regionalliga Süd, which existed as the second tier of the German football league system from 1963 to 1974.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-06-05T08:54:28.173" LastActivityDate="2023-06-05T08:54:28.173" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-06-02T09:10:55.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13880" CreationDate="2016-06-02T12:05:37.440" Score="8" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a huge hockey fan but I am not 100% clear on the rules..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has to do with the &lt;strong&gt;2016 Stanley Cup Playoffs&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after last night's overtime victory, goal scored by &lt;em&gt;Conor Sheary&lt;/em&gt;.. Crosby was called a cheater by the Sharks player &lt;em&gt;LOGAN COUTURE&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Game 2, Crosby did not score but he did win 17 of 24 faceoffs, including the game's biggest that earned him a secondary assist on the winner. He is 26-for-40 in the faceoff circle through the first two games of the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an edge that irks some San Jose Sharks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;He cheats,&amp;quot; Couture said. &amp;quot;He gets away with it. He's Sidney Crosby.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;He times them and they don't kick him out for some reason, probably because of who he is,&amp;quot; Couture complained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/15890812/nhl-2016-stanley-cup-playoffs-sidney-crosby-calls-ot-goal-pittsburgh-penguins-win-san-jose-sharks-stanley-cup-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, I am not clear with the rules, but when it comes to face-offs, what is the other way to win face-offs besides trying to time when the referee drops the puck onto the ice? Or my comprehension of how &lt;em&gt;Couture&lt;/em&gt; used the word &lt;em&gt;timing&lt;/em&gt; is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any explanation is appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T03:36:40.333" Title="What action was Logan Couture referring to when describing Sidney Crosby as cheating on faceoffs?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13879" CreationDate="2016-06-02T17:20:36.557" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This appears to me as Logan Couture trying to cause the officials to keep a closer look on Crosby. Make them pay more attention to Sidney Crosby and possibly get him off the face offs if he twitches just a tiny bit too fast or at least make the officials think he is moving early. If the refs start chasing him, then it can start to mentally affect Crosby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't cheat per say when it comes to face off, if you do cheat, you get sent off and another player takes your spot on the face off. That is... If the referee calls the infraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not well versed in the rules of Face Offs, but Crosby is not cheating. If there was a way to cheat this facet of the game, the Team/Player in question would probably get sanctioned by the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T17:20:36.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13119" CreationDate="2016-06-02T21:58:46.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: you're not playing under any even reasonably recent version of the English Pool Association rules, so we can't answer the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under current &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/images/rules/World%20Rules%20Poster%202014%20Unabridged%20A3_ooo.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;English Pool Association rules&lt;/a&gt; (which are the same as the World Eight Ball Pool Association Rules), a foul when the black is &quot;on&quot; still results in the opponent receiving two visits to the table. A foul results in a loss of frame only if the black ball is potted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/oldeparules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;old EPA rules&lt;/a&gt; (pre-2009),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who clearly fails to make any attempt to play a ball of their own group will lose the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this rule does not exist in the current rules. (Note that &quot;game&quot; in this context means &quot;frame&quot; rather than &quot;match&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither of these rule sets (nor the 2009-2014 rules) include the stipulation that a player on the black does not receive two visits, so you're going to have to ask your tournament organiser.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T21:58:46.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-02T23:32:59.653" Score="5" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;On June 2 2016 the &lt;a href=&quot;http://scores.espn.go.com/mlb/playbyplay?gameId=360602115&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;SF Giants did this against the Atlanta Braves&lt;/a&gt;. The 5th innings for SF started as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AARON BLAIR PITCHING FOR ATLANTA&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blanco walked.   0   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bumgarner homered&lt;/strong&gt; to left center (424 feet), Blanco scored.  2   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Span walked. 2   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Panik homered&lt;/strong&gt; to right (382 feet), Span scored.  4   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Duffy hit by pitch.  4   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Posey homered&lt;/strong&gt; to left (408 feet), Duffy scored.  6   0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;O'Flaherty relieved Blair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever been done before? This must be sort of rare, right? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11441" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T12:24:30.190" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T12:24:30.190" Title="Three two-run homers in the span of six batters" Tags="|baseball|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13879" CreationDate="2016-06-03T03:36:40.333" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Winning a face-off is to play the puck in the desired direction before the opponent can do so. It's a race to the touch from a stationary start.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Being first over such a short distance with such high speeds means that the first person to go will most likely win. But going early is (hopefully) penalised so just doing it every time will lead to worse outcomes later.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the player who wants to avoid this, then, there are two choices: being reactive and being proactive. The first is self-explanatory: reacting to the instant of the drop. He who reacts faster, acts faster, and wins.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The proactive player instead tries to predict when the instant of the drop will occur, and &lt;em&gt;time&lt;/em&gt; their action accordingly. This eliminates the time needed to react, which as we suggest, is the biggest contributor to the total time, thereby granting a great advantage to the proactive player over the reactive player - assuming the former has practised the prediction and has similar physical speed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Now, the puck is often not just dropped, but given a bit of additional speed downward by the official. Muscle movements are typically preceded by a tightening which causes some &quot;backswing&quot; of the arm (leg, head, ...). Observing this backswing effect can, with practise, lead to having a reaction time of effectively zero.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Finally: is this cheating? Well, the rule says, in more words, that players can't move until the puck has dropped. But if the player has predicted well, they are only moving exactly when the puck is dropped, and therefore &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; breaching the rule.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What's really the problem? Crosby has a skill that gives him an obvious advantage. Some players see the use of such skills as invalid, for a number of reasons. To of have a skill is to be a worse player than the opponent, and that's not often an acceptable thought. So, he rationalises: the only way he could be better is by cheating. Regardless of whether or not that is the case!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T03:36:40.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13885" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-03T09:43:43.030" Score="0" ViewCount="1395" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have 2 tickets for a match on my name. I'd like to bring a friend with me. At the stadium entrance I suspect there will be an ID check. We will not arrive at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you allowed to enter the stadium with a ticket on someone's else name?&#xA;In case you are accompanied with the tickets owner (call him nameA), can a person holding a ticket for nameA enter? &#xA;I just hope you don't have to resell through the portal and rebuy it again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went through the FAQ of EURO 2016, it isn't clear.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-finals/ticketing/faq/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-finals/ticketing/faq/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope others in the same situation will find this useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11444" LastEditorUserId="11444" LastEditDate="2016-06-05T16:51:17.833" LastActivityDate="2016-06-05T16:51:17.833" Title="Can Euro 2016 tickets be transferred to a someone" Tags="|uefa|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-06-03T12:20:36.580" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13885" CreationDate="2016-06-03T10:58:43.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can transfer a ticket to a guest, but must go into the stadium together. From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/multimediafiles/download/competitions/ticketing/02/34/70/67/2347067_download.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;terms and conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.2. The Successful Buyer shall be permitted to transfer the Ticket(s) to her/his Guest(s) (if applicable) provided that (jointly): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the Successful Buyer will attend the Match together with her/his Guest(s)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the Tickets are for their personal use;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;such transfer is free of any additional charges above face value&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless you go into the stadium together, in the event of being caught in an ID Check, your friend would have no way of proving that he will be watching the match together with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the safest way would be to meet at an agreed place close to the stadium and go in to the stadium together. Assuming you are both going to be there in time for the kick-off, surely this is possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T10:58:43.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13889" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-03T20:17:51.597" Score="5" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, in this season, the season 2015/2016, the English Premier League was won by Leicester.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interesting thing is that in the season before, the season 2014/2015, Leicester ended the season in fourteenth place and if they had only 7 points fewer, would have been relegated to the second (Championship) league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is kind of a football/soccer miracle that they won the English Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would like to know if there are any similar examples of football/soccer clubs that were at some season close to the relegation zone and then won the title in the next season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I would like to note here that an examples from other leagues other than English Premier League are welcomed, and as I was requested to objectively  define what it means to be &quot;close to relegation zone&quot;, let us take for the purpose of the question only teams who were 7 or less points from the relegation zone in one season and then won the title in the next season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11428" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T17:57:02.213" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T17:57:02.213" Title="Leicester City FC in the seasons 2015/2016 and 2014/2015" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13889" CreationDate="2016-06-03T20:44:05.693" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iYJ7f.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;I remember reading &lt;a href=&quot;http://harvardsportsanalysis.org/2015/12/why-leicester-city-shouldnt-be-atop-the-table-a-historical-look-at-parity-in-the-epl/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this in the past&lt;/a&gt;.  Basically scroll down to the 3rd to last graph and the author is claiming that no team has won the EPL from below 3rd the year before.  It also looks like Chelsea set a new record for futility in that they fell the furthest of any EPL champ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the graph I was talking about:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iYJ7f.png&quot; alt=&quot;Link I was talking about&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11449" LastEditorUserId="11449" LastEditDate="2016-06-04T02:14:42.797" LastActivityDate="2016-06-04T02:14:42.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13892" CreationDate="2016-06-03T20:51:26.320" Score="9" ViewCount="5488" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the steps to becoming a recognized Badminton umpire, eventually at the Olympics?&#xA;What resources are helpful in becoming a (good) umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T13:22:10.463" Title="How do I become a Badminton umpire?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13891" CreationDate="2016-06-03T20:51:26.320" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before becoming an international umpire, you must first acquire the highest national qualification. In large countries, in order to become a national umpire, you must first acquire the highest regional qualification. Peruse your country's national and regional federations' websites to find out more - note that many may use the term &lt;em&gt;technical officials&lt;/em&gt; (TOs), which also encompasses referees and line judges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The courses and tests of the Badminton associations will cover everything you need to know, but may only be offered annually. Fortunately, there are a number of things you can do right now in order to become an excellent umpire:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20-%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;. You may know the basics from playing, but there are some prevalent misconceptions or simply ignorance about the finer details. Note that your federation's translation/adaption of the Laws may introduce important additional notes. For instance, the German Laws add default rules for the shuttle hitting the roof, and specify minimum free space around the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Afterwards, make sure to read and understand the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.1%20-%20Instructions%20to%20Technical%20Officials%20(ITTO).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Instructions to Technical Officials (ITTO)&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.5%20-%20Vocabulary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vocabulary&lt;/a&gt;. Again, make sure to consult your local federation's adaption - most notably, national-level matches are typically umpired in the local language, so you need to know the local-language translations of the vocabulary. Laws, ITTO, and vocabulary form the basic knowledge you need for umpiring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, however, a number of other regulations you should be aware of. Look through your federation's and BWF's regulations for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-2---ETHICS/Section%202.2.5%20-%20Technical%20Officials%20Code%20of%20Conduct%20-%2001062017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Code of Conduct&lt;/a&gt; for umpires (in short, being impartial and avoiding any impression to the contrary, notably betting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Umpire regulations, covering structure of the TO organizations, details of umpire education and testing, expense handling etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;General competition regulations of your tournament, which cover player's clothing and minimum standards you may have to check (e.g. court mats), result reporting, among many others. You can have a look &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-5---TECHNICAL-REGULATIONS/Section%205.1%20-%20General%20Competitions%20Regulations.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at the GCRs for international tournaments&lt;/a&gt;, but national regulations are likely to be different.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-2---ETHICS/Section%202.2.4%20-%20Players&amp;#39;%20Code%20of%20Conduct%20-%2001062017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Player's code of Conduct&lt;/a&gt;, which describe potential misconduct by the players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the regulation, there is some training material and more complete written advice; I'm aware of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_239/folder_1_242/BWF%20Umpire%20Training%20Manual%20-%20January%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF Umpire Training Manual&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_239/folder_1_242/BWF%20Umpire%20Training%20Manual%20-%20Tips%20-%20June%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF umpire training tips&lt;/a&gt;. The book &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blurb.com/b/5247957-the-art-of-umpiring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Art of Umpiring&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; also offers some unique perspectives, albeit being rather short and general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to get a feel for umpiring, the correct vocabulary and much more, you can simply watch the umpires at a tournament. While the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/bwf/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF channel&lt;/a&gt; shows very high-level play, umpiring is typically different at lower levels where you don't necessarily have a service judge, let alone a dozen line judges or an Instant Review System. As such, it is highly advisable to visit national-level matches, and not only enjoy the game, but also take note of the umpires. Of course, you can also watch the umpires at low-level tournaments, but be aware many of them may be inexperienced and thus prone to errors themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To pass your umpiring test, you should also try umpiring a couple of matches beforehand, for instance in your own club. If you are feeling somewhat comfortable doing that, try recording yourself and spotting all the (minor) mistakes, for instance vocabulary inaccuracies or an incorrect score sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can employ software like the &lt;a href=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/bup/#demo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;badminton umpire panel&lt;/a&gt;¹ to verify the precise notation in the umpire's score sheet and correct vocabulary - simply input your match and press &lt;kbd&gt;a&lt;/kbd&gt; to show/hide umpire announcements, and &lt;kbd&gt;s&lt;/kbd&gt; to see the score sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, in order to be an umpire, you'll need a couple of utensils and clothing. Since you should now be aware of your federation's regulations, look up whether and how the federation distributes them; you may have to buy some yourself. These are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Umpire shirt. For higher levels, you usually need to buy (or sometimes are provided with) a specialized shirt or sweater.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Long black trousers - my fashion-cognizant colleagues tell me this should be no problem in most households.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Black socks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Black shoes. Since you'll be stepping in the player's area and on court, these must be clean - if possible, get a pair for umpiring only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A coin to make the initial selection (if you're unsure of how that works, it's time to review §6 of the laws, the ITTO, and the umpire training tips). Any coin will do, but many umpires prefer specialized coins for clarity when dealing with non-native speakers. I have seen shuttle/racket coins (instead of tails/heads), but personally prefer primary colors (white/blue, white/black, yellow/black etc.) since these will be very easy to distinguish, and color names are understood by most non-native speakers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/13804/1419&quot;&gt;Red and yellow cards&lt;/a&gt;. Yellow and red penalty cards can be bought at many online retailers. If you're umpiring without a referee, you'll also need a black card, which is somewhat harder to acquire. I used a 3D printer to make a nice black card; you can also repaint a white or even yellow card.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A stopwatch to measure interval and interruption lengths.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A clipboard to hold the score sheet, unless an electronic scoring system is provided (very rare at lower levels).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A 2 meter stick in order to check the net height.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have any additional questions about laws or umpiring, you can &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/ask?tags=badminton&quot;&gt;ask them right on this site&lt;/a&gt;. Despite being essential for high-level competition, Badminton umpiring can be hard and and ungrateful. However, you also get to experience the sport at a highest level up close from a unique perspective. Best of luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;¹ Disclaimer: I am the prime developer of bup, the linked software. If I ever become aware of any other software that can do the same, I'll add a link here as well.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T21:44:29.980" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T21:44:29.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13896" CreationDate="2016-06-04T02:07:31.853" Score="0" ViewCount="480" Body="&lt;p&gt;We're having a friendly debate, and can't come to a conclusion on whether or not the final game of a series (game 7 world series, game 7 NBA championship...etc) is ever referred to as a &quot;double-elimination game&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Group A says&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &quot;double-elimination&quot; is not a &quot;game&quot;, but a point in a series where&#xA;  you'd have to lose twice to be eliminated.  Or a term for a tournament&#xA;  where you must lose twice to be eliminated...etc.  Basically that&#xA;  there's no such thing as a double elimination &quot;GAME&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Group B says&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A &quot;double-elimination game&quot; can also refer to the fact that either&#xA;  team can be eliminated (2 teams = &quot;double&quot;) and is sometimes used to&#xA;  refer to the last game in a series, as mentioned above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On one hand, Group A asked a sports writer Alyson Footer about it:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QlbB1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QlbB1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;asked-sports-writer&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which certainly points to Group A being correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But Group B found this article:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinstripealley.com/2011/10/06/the-yankees-in-double-elimination-a-brief-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Yankees in Double-Elimination: A Brief History&lt;/a&gt;, which points to Group B being correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under which scenarios are using the term &quot;double-elimination game&quot; appropriate, especially as it pertains to the final game of a playoff series? Can anyone clarify or give a definitive answer or explain when it's used different ways, or any clarification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11451" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-07T19:12:59.433" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T19:12:59.433" Title="Under which scenarios are using the term &quot;double-elimination game&quot; appropriate?" Tags="|terminology|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2016-06-06T12:49:45.763" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13893" CreationDate="2016-06-04T21:22:58.593" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.de/search?q=&amp;quot;double-elimination+game&amp;quot;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google search results for the term &quot;double-elimination &lt;strong&gt;game&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, you and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pinstripealley.com/2011/10/06/the-yankees-in-double-elimination-a-brief-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cited article&lt;/a&gt; seem to be the only ones using the term. As the first people to use a term, it is upon you to define it (you could argue that the article is the first known instance of the term, so it gets to define it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the related term double-elimination &lt;strong&gt;tournament&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-elimination_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;well-defined&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/64-team-seeded-double-elimination.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;across&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.printyourbrackets.com/doubleelimination.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;multiple&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.victorsport.com/coach_detail_8411.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sports&lt;/a&gt;. If you look at a number of the google search results, you'll find that almost every mentioning of double-elimination &lt;em&gt;game&lt;/em&gt; is actually referring to a game in a double-elimination tournament. You can also refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=double-elimination+tournament%2Cdouble-elimination+game&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=15&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2Cdouble%20-%20elimination%20tournament%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google ngram&lt;/a&gt;, which lists word usage over years, and see that &quot;double-elimination game&quot; is not even listed in that dictionary, but &quot;double-elimination tournament&quot; is widely used since about 1950.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a double-elimination tournament, there is a top/winners and a bottom/losers bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winners in the top bracket remain in the top bracket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Losers in the top bracket drop down to the bottom bracket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winners in the bottom bracket remain in the bottom bracket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Losers in the bottom bracket drop out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the final game of a double-elimination tournament, the last remaining team of the top bracket plays against the last remaining team in the bottom bracket. Double-elimination tournaments require at the very least 4 teams, so you cannot meaningfully extend the term to a tournament with 2 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it would be very confusing and misleading to use the term double-elimination game; the correct term for what you have in mind is the &lt;em&gt;final game of a double-elimination tournament&lt;/em&gt;, or simply &lt;em&gt;[tournament] finals&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2016-06-05T08:40:58.573" LastActivityDate="2016-06-05T08:40:58.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13898" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-05T21:12:52.013" Score="2" ViewCount="903" Body="&lt;p&gt;My son's team recently played in their state cup finals and lost 1-0 to a controversial call. Please take a look at this video and give me your opinion on the corner kick which was called offsides. Was this decision correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/yQOnL3ZyeBk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; State Cup-Recalled Goal (YouTube).&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11463" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T05:44:50.897" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T05:44:50.897" Title="Was this offside decision from a corner correct?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-06T03:40:02.003" Score="9" ViewCount="7833" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of a 'Squib' kick in American Football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10520" LastActivityDate="2018-01-02T00:51:17.533" Title="what is the purpose of a 'Squib' kick in the NFL?" Tags="|nfl|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13898" CreationDate="2016-06-06T06:52:16.060" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It should not have been called offside. The corner kick is swung in and bounces off the defender wearing shirt no 24. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S59KJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S59KJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Because of this, there can be no question of offside, as the law states that a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/laws/football-11-11/law-11---offside.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pass has to be made by a member of his own team&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment&#xA;  the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the&#xA;  opinion of the referee, involved in active play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly the assistent referee thought that a player from the green team made the first touch, and saw that green nr 13 was standing closer to the goal than the last defender, and judges that this player was active, despite green nr 17 scoring the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, mistakes by referees and assistent referees happen at all levels of football, and the referees don't have the benefit of replaying a scene multiple times before making a decision. Players, fans and coaches at any level need to be able to live with these decisions, play their best, and enjoy the game anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T06:52:16.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13900" CreationDate="2016-06-06T12:59:50.170" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the squib kick is used at the end of the half or end of the game to run out the clock, and keep the ball away from a top of the line return guy.  You basically pooch it down the field so someone bigger has to pick it up and run with it, instead of putting it in the hands of the other teams return specialist.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squib_kick&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Squib kick is a tactic used to prevent a long return, usually at the end of the half. On average the receiving team will gain better field position than it would returning a normal kick. However it is considered worthwhile by the kicking team, as it is more difficult to return for a touchdown. Also it must be returned, which isn't the case on a touchback, and thus it takes time off the clock and often brings the half to an end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an actual example of a squib kick so people get the gist of what the procedure is, and why it happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoGDIlGmsxE&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoGDIlGmsxE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T21:14:05.593" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T21:14:05.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13898" CreationDate="2016-06-06T13:19:49.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a supplement to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/13901/3526&quot;&gt;accepted answer&lt;/a&gt;, not only is the assistant referee wrong by opinion, they are wrong by law, which is usually grounds for a replay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It states in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5&lt;/a&gt; that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with law are not final. If the refereeing team applies the law incorrectly and it affects the result of the match, it should be replayed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnfc.com.au/story/341697/uzbekistan-and-bahrain-to-play-it-again&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This happened in 2005&lt;/a&gt; at the international level. In spite of the language suggesting that FIFA &lt;em&gt;set a precedent&lt;/em&gt; by doing this, it has always been the norm; if the referee is wrong by opinion (eg. missed a foul), there is no grounds to protest - if the referee is wrong by law (eg. gave a penalty kick for an indirect free kick offence), this is definitely protestable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that this match was likely played under 2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game, as all competitions that began before 1 June 2016 came under these laws. However, the following Law (Offside) has not changed in meaning (only the wording has been cleaned up) between the 2015/16 and 2016/17 editions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016/17 FIFA Laws of the Game, Law 11 - Offside - Offside Offence&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent by:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;challenging an opponent for the ball or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;clearly attempting to play a ball which is close to him when this action impacts on an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;been deliberately saved by any opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the assistant referee truly believed that #13 green had touched the ball, or prevented an opponent from playing the ball by obstructing their line of sight, or challenged an opponent for the ball, or made an obvious action which clearly impacted on the ability of an opponent to play the ball, then they would only be wrong by opinion, and not wrong by law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, given that #13 was practically on the goalpost and metres from the ball and opponents, this seems very unlikely. Years ago, referees were given discretion as to what constitutes &lt;em&gt;interfering with an opponent&lt;/em&gt; (there were no sub-clauses outlining what it means). Recent editions of the laws have removed that discretion as per the wording above to ensure increased consistency in decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears to me that the assistant referee saw #13 green in an offside position and somewhat near play, applied outdated Laws (due to poor knowledge or by habit), and simply assumed that #13's mere presence was enough to constitute &lt;em&gt;interfering with play&lt;/em&gt; - which it isn't - hence why this is such a grievous and hence protestable error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/13901/3526&quot;&gt;The accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players, fans and coaches at any level need to be able to live with these decisions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Missed calls are a part of football, so this is somewhat correct. However, referees incorrectly applying the game due to a lack of training or poor knowledge should not be acceptable. This makes it harder for other officials, like myself, to go and apply the up-to-date laws given that officials weeks before have consistently been getting it wrong and confusing the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I was in your position, even if it was too late to protest the result, I would be asking your club to provide this footage to your local football association so that it can be passed onto the local refereeing organisation to ensure this official is up-to-date on Law 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T13:19:49.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13898" CreationDate="2016-06-06T13:36:52.363" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like a offside to me as No.13 is in an offside position and interfering with the play. It also looks like the ball bounced off him to the goal scorer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11467" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T13:36:52.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13905" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-07T00:18:00.750" Score="8" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing inline hockey for 15+ years but only recently made a switch from goalie to skater. I had not skated on a team since I was about 12 years old. I only play recreationally, so not wanting to spend much money, I found a pair of used skates that seem to be in good condition. However, when taking a sharp turn at high speeds they start to wobble. It is hard to pinpoint where the wobble originates, as sometimes it feels more towards the front and other times towards the middle wheels. I believe it had occurred on both sides. They could stand to be rotated but aren't terribly imbalanced. Is this an issue of quality with a particular part of the wheels? The chassis? How I am turning? This takes away an advantage of my natural speed, and I would very much like to get to the bottom of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11469" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2021-01-16T09:00:22.187" LastActivityDate="2023-06-27T07:39:45.010" Title="Inline wheels wobble" Tags="|equipment|maintenance|inline-hockey|inline-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13900" CreationDate="2016-06-07T07:07:45.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also very common to try a squib kick when a team has a particularly good returner. In a kickoff, the man back (sometimes 2 guys) are quick folks, but the guys in front of them are a slower (outside linebackers or even offensive linemen) as their intent is to block, not return the ball. By performing a squib kick, you can almost force the slower group of blockers to pick up the ball and run, hence you nullify the threat of the good returner running for a long return and getting his team good field position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11471" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T07:07:45.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13909" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-06-07T15:27:33.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information, see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;inline hockey&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T14:02:55.713" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T14:02:55.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13910" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-06-07T15:27:33.377" Score="0" Body="Questions about inline hockey." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T15:27:33.377" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T15:27:33.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13912" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-07T23:19:51.217" Score="8" ViewCount="3647" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/00/fwc_mexico_1986_en_part4_279.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Mexico 1986 World Cup technical report&lt;/a&gt;, it is said that &lt;strong&gt;up to two players may receive assist points&lt;/strong&gt; if their passes were decisive to scoring a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most top level leagues, the assist is only rewarded to the last pass to the goalscorer. Secondary assists are sometimes tracked as &quot;chances created&quot; or &quot;decisive passes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any leagues where up to two assists are counted &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; the goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-07-07T21:20:38.413" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T18:17:16.813" Title="Leagues which count for two assists?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13916" CreationDate="2016-06-08T04:26:32.883" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my recollection, if a fielder attempts to catch a batted ball before it hits the field, but then misplays it AND it falls into fair ground, then it is a fair ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just witnessed a high pop up in foul territory being fielded by the catcher.  The batter was not legging it out to first.  Given the situation posed above, couldn't the catcher slap it into fair ground, then either him or a defender backing the play up throw out the batter, granted he would still be strolling unawares?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T08:21:59.203" Title="Would this baseball defense work?" Tags="|rules|baseball|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13914" CreationDate="2016-06-08T08:21:59.203" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your recollection is wrong, at least under MLB rules. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;Official MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, page 144:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that [...] while on or over foul&#xA;  territory, touches the person of an umpire or player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T08:21:59.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13917" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-08T20:05:17.213" Score="4" ViewCount="2466" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball can a player stand three feet from the plate in SWAT-like gear? Your team could have a line of players standing there and then a few fielders for the balls that get through and a first-basemen. What would be the ruling on a play like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11479" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T21:53:06.433" Title="What are the rules in baseball about how close a fielder can stand to the home plate?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13917" CreationDate="2016-06-08T21:53:06.433" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in MLB rule 5.02:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.02 (4.03) Fielding Positions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;When the ball is put in play at the start of, or during a game, all&#xA;    fielders other than the catcher shall be on fair territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(a) The catcher shall station himself directly back of the plate. He&#xA;      may leave his position at any time to catch a pitch or make a&#xA;      play except that when the batter is being given an intentional&#xA;      base on balls, the catcher must stand with both feet within the&#xA;      lines of the catcher’s box until the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand.&#xA;      PENALTY: Balk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(b) The pitcher, while in the act of delivering the ball to the batter,&#xA;      shall take his legal position;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;(c) Except the pitcher and the catcher, any fielder may station himself&#xA;      anywhere in fair territory&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no explicit prohibition in Rule 3 (equipment) to fielders wearing 'armor', though it does require uniforms with certain minimum standards (visible 6&quot; number, for example) which may be challenging to accomplish while wearing armor.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's unlikely this would ever work in practice, however, as the fielders would have to stand outside of the reach of the bat (else be called for batter interference); once they're out of the reach of the bat, the batter could undoubtedly hit the ball over their heads with ease.  They'd also have to leave a wide enough area for the ball to get through on the pitch, which likely would be sufficient for a batter to regularly hit the ball through.  Finally, they'd have to leave a lane for the batter to run in, and while the batter is primarily intended to run in foul territory to first, it seems likely that they'd have to leave some space right around the line (otherwise the batter would run into their arms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, it's unlikely you'd manage to get sufficient armor on them to protect them from a ball travelling over 100mph off the bat while still permitting them to field the ball usefully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T21:53:06.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12919" CreationDate="2016-06-09T16:35:36.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is dependent on the player: skill level, mindset, contract, and particularly age. A lot of young players, in less organized franchises, have varying routines. Some older players (JJ Redick, Kyle Korver types) prefer shorter, high intensity workouts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of practice this is the most varied according to the coach. Coaches like Stan Van Gundy, Tom Thibedeau, and Steve Clifford are known for intense practices and shoot-arounds while Brad Stevens prefers lighter practices. A lot of players get in a few hours of work: shooting with player development coaches, lifting, and taking care of their bodies both before practices/games and after practices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few good sources: JJ Redick's podcast on the Vertical (Yahoo), Brian Zormelo's bestballanalytics.com (KD's trainer), Accelerate sports (works with the Warriors during the season and the off-season), a great piece (can't find right now) from Grantland on Spurs' shooting coach Chip England. It is difficult to find anything that will tell you about all players because it varies to their ability, motivation, age, and team but I hope this will help you get a glimpse of some details. Ultimately, in your searches, find anything that comes from player development staff or players themselves because they will do the best job alerting you to their personal routines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11484" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T09:42:49.010" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T09:42:49.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13810" CreationDate="2016-06-09T16:41:48.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it came from a sort of regression on statistics that are most important in &quot;winning&quot; a basketball game historically. He used the coefficients for certain counting stats (rebounds, assists, etc.) as the weights on these terms -- roughly. He also adjusted for things like minutes, pace, and the rest of the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the arguments against Hollinger's PER and some other ESPN stats are that there is not complete transparency in the origin of the statistic. Thus, something like adjusted real plus/minus is a great statistic but without a complete knowledge of how it is constructed it is difficult for us to truly value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11484" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T19:40:56.037" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T19:40:56.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13930" CreationDate="2016-06-09T23:11:02.137" Score="10" ViewCount="17099" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most sports the champions of a cup get to keep it. For example NFL champions keep the Lombardi Trophy. However, the Stanley Cup is unique and NHL champions don't get to keep it forever. But do they receive a replica of it to display? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T04:53:26.430" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T07:31:35.800" Title="Do Stanley Cup Champions get a replica of the cup?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|awards|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13934" CreationDate="2016-06-10T00:15:15.473" Score="4" ViewCount="5151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't box or participate in the combative sports so I might be asking a stupid question but please humor me.  What is the minimum weight required to box/fight at a specific weight class.  I can see all the boxing weight classes on wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_class_(boxing)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; so I know what the &lt;em&gt;UPPER&lt;/em&gt; limit is for each class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if someone boxes at a high level at lightweight (135lbs) and wants to fight someone at heavyweight (200+ lbs) to win the heavyweight championship belt (something worth risking the size mismatch), will any sanctioning body allow this fight to occur even though there's a huge size mismatch between the two fighters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always hear fighters after a fight saying they are confident in their skill, they knew they could do XYZ, etc. thus, I could see someone thinking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Due to my lighter/smaller frame, I feel I can out-quick someone who fights at heavyweight.  My quickness can help me duck/parry/slip his punches and run around him if he tries to corner me.  Since I'm lighter, I should be able to box longer without getting tired, etc.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming the lightweight is that skilled, would any boxing sanctioning body allow this fight to take place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="1488" LastEditDate="2016-06-13T02:28:32.283" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T02:28:32.283" Title="What is the minimum weight to box at a specific weight class?" Tags="|rules|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13749" CreationDate="2016-06-10T08:40:51.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know they don't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all because of the constructional borders: How would you build them? When you think about it, normal shorts end up around your knees. The problem is that your muscles aren't that static in their shape, so how would you prevent the water from flowing in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, dry-suits are made for cold water and for diving for a longer time below 10°C. So it wouldn't make any sense to construct one as shorts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11485" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2016-09-25T08:15:20.547" LastActivityDate="2016-09-25T08:15:20.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13927" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-10T10:35:39.307" Score="6" ViewCount="1322" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any statistics about the additional time that European referees give at the end of both the first and second half of a football game? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean for example ,what is the percentage of 1' added time in first half, it must be pretty high! What is the percentage of 3' or 4' added time in second half etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11487" LastEditorUserId="11487" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T11:02:01.707" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T07:05:49.673" Title="Additional time stats in football" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13922" CreationDate="2016-06-10T12:56:04.390" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three different kinds of Stanley Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Original (used between 1892-1970 - now resides in the Vault Room at the Hockey Hall of Fame)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Presentation (created in 1963 - presented to Stanley Cup winning teams and used for promotions)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Replica (created in 1993 - used as a stand-in at the Hockey Hall of Fame when the Presentation Cup is not available for display)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this article, &lt;a href=&quot;http://mentalfloss.com/article/51140/22-things-you-might-not-know-about-stanley-cup&quot;&gt;22 Things You Might Not Know About the Stanley Cup&lt;/a&gt;, there is a &quot;Keeper of the Cup&quot; who accompanies the Cup (presumably the Presentation Cup used today - as the other two are specifically used for display at the Hockey Hall of Fame) wherever it goes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do Stanley Cup Champions get a replica of the cup [to display]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. However, the NHL grants the Stanley Cup winning team 100 days with the Cup during the off-season, accompanied by the Keeper of the Cup. In 1994-1995, the  New Jersey Devils established the tradition of giving each player on their team one day with the Cup during the 100 day time frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T12:56:04.390" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13931" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-10T18:59:30.590" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say someone tries out for a team not in their country of nationality and the team will accept them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that this is professional, what would the player/team have to do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Visitors to foreign countries aren't allowed to work without a specific visa, but this can be complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this generally work out, in professional leagues at any level, when players may be drafted or signed, or even try out for international teams and make the cut?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a USA-born player drafted to the Toronto Maple Leafs; a Canadian-born player drafted to the English Premier League; or just someone who tried out for a team in another country with good chances of acceptance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11490" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T12:18:44.410" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T12:18:44.410" Title="Playing for a foreign team professionally?" Tags="|international-sports|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-06-18T09:14:39.567" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13931" CreationDate="2016-06-10T19:24:40.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've pretty much answered your own question here: a player cannot play professionally without having permission to work in that country. Citizens of that country have permission to work, and others need to get a visa or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically for the USA, any player with a major league contract with any of the NHL, NBA, MLB, MLS and NFL will automatically qualify for a P-1 visa, and players with a minor league contract will (probably?) qualify for an H-2B visa. (Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usimmigrationlaw.net/visas-athletes.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Liebl &amp;amp; Kirkwood&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other countries may have similar arrangements - it is occasionally an issue for footballers and cricketers in the UK to obtain a work permit, although EU citizens (mostly footballers) automatically have the right to work in the UK and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolpak_ruling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kolpak ruling&lt;/a&gt; enables the citizens of a number of cricket playing countries to work in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T19:24:40.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13935" CreationDate="2016-06-10T20:20:44.790" Score="7" ViewCount="1525" Body="&lt;p&gt;I notice that, in football, a small group of national teams (Spain, Argentina, Brazil, Italy, England, France and Germany) have won virtually every international prize and championship with very few exceptions.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I also noticed that this was as true in the 1930s as it is now in the 2010s (and all the years in between). Why is that?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Players, coaches and many of the other people involved change every few years, but those teams always win more often.&lt;br&gt;What explains this phenomenon? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11491" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-11T15:14:01.827" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T18:32:37.670" Title="Why are the same national football teams always the strongest?" Tags="|football|history|international-sports|world-cup|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13923" CreationDate="2016-06-11T00:04:10.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Boxing&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Amateur&amp;quot; boxers &lt;strong&gt;cannot&lt;/strong&gt; fight above (or below) their weight class, as stated by the Amateur International Boxing Association (the seemingly most well-regarded amateur ruling body). The lower bound of a weight class is also &lt;strong&gt;a requirement to fight at that weight&lt;/strong&gt;. Oddly enough, this is also the case for the Summer Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: AIBA, Technical &amp;amp; Competition Rules, §1.2 &amp;amp; Appendix K&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pro boxing is a little trickier, as there are 4 different major boxing organizations - the IBF, WBO, WBA, and WBC. Fortunately, they seem to have more or less the same ideas about minimum weight, namely that &lt;strong&gt;there isn't one&lt;/strong&gt;. A fighter is free to fight above their weightclass as far as I can tell, at least from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wboboxing.com/regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WBO&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ibfusbaregistration.com/ibfusba_02APR2014/downloads/Rules_Amended_Jan_27_2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IBF&lt;/a&gt; rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to note, however, is that to challenge the holder of the heavyweight championship belt, you're going to have to be ranked pretty high within that weight division to even &lt;strong&gt;get the chance&lt;/strong&gt;. That means winning several fights with a pretty &lt;em&gt;drastic&lt;/em&gt; disadvantage. In reality, I doubt they'd ever let a fight between fighters of that large a weight discrepancy ever happen. And personally, I'd probably take my extra 80 pounds of &lt;strong&gt;pure functional muscle&lt;/strong&gt; over quickness any day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_weight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;catch weight&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; fights that have limits outside the usual weight classes. The limit is typically agreed upon by the boxers themselves beforehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;MMA&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MMA has &lt;em&gt;similar rules&lt;/em&gt; to amateur boxing (at least in the United States), as athletic commissions from several states came together to write the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nj.gov/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts&lt;/a&gt;, which states fighters must fight within their weight classes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T02:20:55.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13933" CreationDate="2016-06-11T00:10:46.153" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons why a select group of countries have dominated international football for so long, and there have been countless articles written about this subject but what it all comes down to is your football infrastructure. A country's football infrastructure  is made up of many interconnected facets some of the most important of which are as follows &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does your country have a football culture and passion for the game to inspire people to play? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How large is your pool of athletes, this can also be affected by how many sports are popular in your country, for example in the Anglosphere (UK, Ireland, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) the population has a larger selection of internationally popular team sports available for them to invest their time in?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does your country have high quality academies in which the best players from your pool of athletes can hone and improve their skills? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does your country have a healthy domestic league in which your young players can progress to and test their abilities against other great players from around the world? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the Coaching/administrative side of the sport well established and funded to maximize the talent of the players. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could honestly write a book about this subject with ease and what I've written is a gross oversimplification but is should give you some idea of why some countries seem to excel in the game of football whilst others do not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11492" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-06-11T04:44:10.400" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T04:44:10.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13938" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-11T14:42:20.903" Score="10" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to install a pool table but I'm not sure if it is possible in the space I have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The area is 8.5' by 17' (2.6m x 5.2m).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this be enough room to play any sized table without play being hindered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11497" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-02-02T06:31:25.987" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T06:31:25.987" Title="Pool table sizes and minimum play area" Tags="|equipment|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14061" CreationDate="2016-06-11T16:58:20.477" Score="6" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just read that the 1962 FIFA World Cup was the first edition of the tournament where the average number of goals per match dropped below 3 (at that point, 32 years had already passed since the first staging of the Cup). And just to cite an example, an average of 4.67 goals per match were scored at the 1938 FIFA World Cup, which grew even more to the crazy number of 5.38 goals per match in 1954.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, the group stage of the 1954 FIFA World Cup kind of looks unreal (Hungary 9-0 South Korea; Hungary 8-3 West Germany; West Germany 7-2 Turkey; Uruguay 7-0 Scotland; Austria 7-5 Switzerland).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason why national teams used to score so much in the past? Has something changed in the way people play football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2016-06-25T17:04:55.057" Title="Why did teams score so much during the first editions of the FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13938" CreationDate="2016-06-11T23:13:42.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A standard pool table is 5 feet by 10 feet, leaving 1.5 feet at each side of it, if installed in your room.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The average person would struggle to walk around your table, let alone play on it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are smaller sizes of table, but given the standard cue of 4 to 5 feet and the need for at least half that distance in making a stroke from the cushion, you would barely get 1 foot of playing surface across. Suffice it to say, you do not have enough space for playing pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T23:13:42.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13939" CreationDate="2016-06-12T07:08:14.893" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My personal opinion is that the level of football has risen dramitaccly since those days. At that time, even with football being a popular sport it did not rake in as much money as it did today. With the millions being thrown around, the expectation of the players are through the roof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This results in only the best of the best being able to compete for places in the national team and astronommical losses like those in previous years is not justifible these days even to the lower teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S : not forgetting the level of technology and refreeing standards are so high today that mistaken goals are usu&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11503" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T07:57:05.837" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T07:57:05.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13938" CreationDate="2016-06-12T08:14:57.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;TL;DR: &lt;strong&gt;Your room is too small to allow you to easily play pool.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ursusbiliardi.com/index.php?page=default&amp;amp;id=14&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;These are the table dimensions and their respective recommended room dimensions:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Biliards and table bowls&lt;/h2&gt;  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;260cm x 130cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;540cm x 410cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;270cm x 135cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;550cm x 415cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;280cm x 140cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;560cm x 420cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Russian Pyramid&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;284cm x 142cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;564cm x 522cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;314cm x 157cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;594cm x 437cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;346cm x 173cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;626cm x 460cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;360cm x 180cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;640cm x 460cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;International model without pockets&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;284cm x 142cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;564cm x 422cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Smaller size tables&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;250cm x 125cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;530cm x 405cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;240cm x 120cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;520cm x 400cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;230cm x 115cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;510cm x 395cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;American Pool&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;254cm x 127cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;534cm x 407cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;224cm x 112cm table&lt;/strong&gt; requires a &lt;em&gt;504cm x 392cm&lt;/em&gt; room&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The minimum for the short side of the room is around 13&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic rule is that you need 4.5&quot; all around the table to allow a player to &quot;enter&quot; the cue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-06-19T06:00:00.613" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T06:00:00.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13951" CreationDate="2016-06-12T16:10:36.187" Score="0" ViewCount="565" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the June 10th Copa America match between USA and Paraguay, USA defender DeAndre Yedlin was cautioned with a yellow card, and then &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usnews.com/news/sports/articles/2016-06-11/us-reaches-copa-america-quarters-with-1-0-win-over-paraguay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;57 seconds later&lt;/a&gt; was cautioned a second time and sent off for accumulation of two yellows.  Is this the shortest time between two cautions for one player?  Limit answers to senior international and professional teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is different that the question found here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12551/can-a-player-receive-two-yellow-cards-if-advantage-is-played&quot;&gt;Can a player receive two yellow cards if advantage is played?&lt;/a&gt;.  Both cards could be awarded at the same stoppage of play, but I am looking for a case of &quot;A player knows he has been cautioned, but immediately proceeds to commit another offense&quot; instead of &quot;player commits two offenses when he technically doesn't know he was going to be cautioned for the first offense&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T08:51:17.003" Title="Shortest time between separated yellow card cautions for one player?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13948" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-12T20:05:33.140" Score="4" ViewCount="4650" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine, the defending team kicks the ball outside exactly above the middle of their own goal. How is decided on which side the corner will be executed? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a spontaneous decision of the referee?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or maybe the attacking team can choose the side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the rule in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10388" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T13:02:53.077" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T13:02:53.077" Title="Which side will corner be executed, if ball gets outside above the middle of the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13948" CreationDate="2016-06-12T20:40:52.910" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't covered in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. Law 17 - The Corner Kick says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball must be placed inside the corner arc nearest to the point where&#xA;  the ball crossed the goal line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practically, what happens is that the ball goes out, the referee points to one corner or another and the game goes on, and players don't argue about it. I'm sure that if an exact analysis were performed of where the ball crossed the goal line and which corner the referee decided the game should restart from, you'd find a non-trivial number of discrepancies. But frankly, &lt;strong&gt;who cares&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T20:40:52.910" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10791" CreationDate="2016-06-12T22:20:59.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably because the goal of MiLB is not to win - as much as it is to develop young players for the big team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of that, it is not uncommon for a team to &quot;stink up&quot; a place - wearing out their welcome and ticket sales.  Solution - move the team down the road to some baseball starved location where they can stink up the place for a few more years before again moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11505" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T22:20:59.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13945" CreationDate="2016-06-13T08:51:17.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious scenario for this is a player being booked for any reason, then showing obvious dissent to the referee, and receiving a second yellow card before play is restarted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of this happened to Brad Evans, captain of the Seattle Sounders, in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/colorado-vs-seattle/353458&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;match against Colorado Rapids&lt;/a&gt; in April 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match report shows two yellows in the 86th Minute:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;86'  Brad Evans (Seattle Sounders FC) is shown the yellow card.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;86' Second yellow card to Brad Evans (Seattle Sounders FC).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/donruiztnt/status/724085143489540097&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;News Tribune reporter Don Luiz&lt;/a&gt;, Evans explained the cards like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I asked [the ref] how [the tackle] was different to my tackle in the first half. He said &quot;It's different, it's different'. I said you need to talk to me. He said no. I gave him an expletive; he gave me a yellow card. I said it's your duty to talk to me on the field. He said &quot;No it's not'. I gave him another expletive, and that was the double yellow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt that this is the record, as Evans and the referee had a short discussion between the two cards, and assume that there must have been quicker double yellows in similar circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T08:51:17.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13956" CreationDate="2016-06-13T17:55:18.643" Score="13" ViewCount="2913" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't know if the wording of the title makes sense, but I want to know what team had the longest losing streak that was the shortest in MLB history (or at least the live ball era)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A completely made up example (LLS -Longest Losing Streak):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2016&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Yankees LLS 5&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Red Sox LLS 6&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Braves LLS 8&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2015&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Yankees LLS 7&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Red Sox LLS 4&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Braves LLS 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Braves would have the shortest longest losing streak  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9692" LastEditorUserId="9692" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T17:23:07.797" LastActivityDate="2022-07-16T13:56:20.183" Title="What team has the shortest &quot;longest losing streak&quot; within a season in MLB history?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13954" CreationDate="2016-06-13T19:33:36.487" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going way, way, way, &lt;em&gt;way&lt;/em&gt; back the record is held by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Red_Stockings#Perfect_Season&quot;&gt;Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869&lt;/a&gt; with their undefeated season; exactly how many matches they won depends on which matches you want to count, but they didn't lose any. 1869 obviously isn't the live ball era, but it is the year that MLB recognise as the start of professional baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T19:33:36.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13954" CreationDate="2016-06-13T19:43:15.177" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 1920, the start of the live-ball era, the shortest losing streak among MLB teams with 100+ wins in one season appears to be 3. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following teams achieved this (including a couple of teams that didn't get to 100 wins):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1928&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=NYY&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1928 Yankees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1932&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=NYY&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1932 Yankees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1940&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=CIN&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1940 Reds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1954&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=NYY&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954 Yankees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1970&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=BAL&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970 Orioles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1980&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=NYY&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980 Yankees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1988&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=LAD&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988 Dodgers&lt;/a&gt; (98 wins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=2003&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=ATL&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 Braves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=2005&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=STL&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 Cardinals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=2016&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=CLE&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Indians&lt;/a&gt; (94 wins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following teams have also achieved this, but with a 4-game (or more) non-winning streak (ie, a tie occurred among the losses):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1936&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=NYY&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1936 Yankees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.cgi?games=4&amp;amp;year=1968&amp;amp;SHOW=TOT&amp;amp;includes=nospan_years&amp;amp;game_start=10&amp;amp;game_end=135&amp;amp;teams=DET&amp;amp;orderby=losses&amp;amp;submit=Find+Streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1968 Tigers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/games/streaks.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference's streak analyzer&lt;/a&gt; for my findings. In theory, a .500 team can have a losing streak of only 1. Moreover, it is possible that a under 100-win team can have a shorter losing streak than 3. However, with respect to conjecture, these scenarios are unlikely...but will yield to any season that happens to have a shorter losing streak than 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T08:21:10.377" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T08:21:10.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13405" CreationDate="2016-06-14T04:12:23.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official table as it stands without Gabon. So the highest ranked team out of the 3 remaining countries Ivory Coast, Sudan &amp;amp; Sierra Leone will qualify for AFCON 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11515" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T04:12:23.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13432" CreationDate="2016-06-14T13:00:54.983" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is from memory, of my involvement in formula E in the preparations for the first racing series. I was not directly involved with the FIA rule setting so may not be 100% accurate, but....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula E was from its inception, a racing series based in city centres with the audience in close proximity.  The speed limit was in part to allow the track designers to specify the barriers and netting to ensure containment in the event of a crash, but also in part to manage the insurance costs for public liability in the event something went horribly wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The risks are not just with the vehicle momentum, but also the fire risk from the batteries being damaged in the crash. Lithium batteries behave much like a lit firework if they are pierced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality the cars have a peak speed of around 150 mph, but the actual speed driven is less than this, due to the need to manage the battery charge.  That's where fan boost comes in, allowing the cars to use their true power for a short burst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11516" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T13:00:54.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-14T19:29:09.810" Score="4" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently there is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA European Championship&lt;/a&gt; in football (soccer) taking place and the UK has 3 teams participating: England, Wales and North Ireland. It could have been 4 if Scotland qualified. It is the same for FIFA World Cups, the UK always sends four teams to the qualifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The UK seems to be the only country in the world which has 4 football teams even though it is considered as one country almost everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the UK / why is the UK allowed to send more than one team to international football tournaments? Is it actually the same for other sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I already asked almost the same question on &lt;a href=&quot;https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/11258/what-is-the-difference-between-the-uk-and-the-us-regarding-their-states&quot;&gt;politics.stackexchange&lt;/a&gt;, and the answers see the reasons in history. However, there are many countries who have a similar history like the UK of smaller uniting states.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11518" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-04T10:28:13.170" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T10:28:13.170" Title="Why does the UK have 4 national football (soccer) teams?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-06-14T20:02:03.583" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13977" CreationDate="2016-06-14T19:54:00.960" Score="7" ViewCount="20153" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are football players allowed to screen the goalie? It gives them an edge. I know that in hockey players are allowed to screen but I'm not sure about football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T04:40:35.827" Title="Are football players allowed to screen the goalie?" Tags="|rules|football|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13964" CreationDate="2016-06-14T22:59:06.807" Score="10" ViewCount="42688" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had always thought that when the ball carrier was on the ground, they were down and the play was over. Recently I have seen a fair number of plays such as interceptions or fumble recoveries where the player intercepted (or recovered) the ball and fell on the ground, and then immediately got up and ran for as many yards as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this work? Is there a time limit for getting up to resume play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10099" LastActivityDate="2023-11-03T03:04:35.100" Title="When can you get up again after falling on the ground?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-15T02:01:00.160" Score="2" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;I coach a player who, before the forward swing, is raising her elbow up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What drills or changes in technique could I use to correct this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11521" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-09-03T23:58:41.657" LastActivityDate="2020-09-02T12:08:40.897" Title="Problems in elbow while hitting a forehand shot" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13962" CreationDate="2016-06-15T02:49:09.183" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you specified American football with no indication to which league you are asking about (although I presume NFL due to your scenario), I will cover drastically different rules for the same scenario in two different leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NFL&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One important thing to note is that the ball carrier with possession of the ball can fall to the ground...and get back up to resume the play &lt;strong&gt;if said player has not been touched by a defender&lt;/strong&gt;, given the player does not declare himself down (see Rule 7, Section 2, Article 1-d). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in Rule 7, Section 2, Article 1-a of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;when a runner is contacted by an opponent &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; touches the ground with&#xA;    any part of his body other than his hands or feet. The ball is dead&#xA;    the instant the runner touches the ground...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Note: If, after contact by an opponent, any part of a runner’s leg&#xA;    above the ankle or any part of his arm above the wrist touches the&#xA;    ground, the runner is down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: I recall a playoff game in which Marvin Harrison fell to the ground after catching the ball, and since no defender touched him to declare him down, he got back up and ran for a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When can you get up again after falling on the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Immediately...at least with respect to making an effort to get back up to resume the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a time limit for getting up to resume play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. This falls under declaring himself down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in Rule 7, Section 2, Article 1-d-1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;when a runner declares himself down by: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;falling to the ground, or&#xA;      kneeling, and &lt;strong&gt;clearly making no immediate effort to advance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;NCAA&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the NFL, the ball carrier with possession of the ball &lt;strong&gt;cannot&lt;/strong&gt; fall to the ground and get back up to resume the play. The ball is dead upon touching the ground by anything other than your hands and feet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in Rule 4, Article 3-b in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR17.pdf&quot;&gt;NCAA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A live ball becomes dead and an official shall sound his&#xA;  whistle or declare it dead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;When any part of the ball carrier’s body, except his hand or foot,&#xA;    touches the ground&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; when the ball carrier is tackled or otherwise&#xA;    falls and loses possession of the ball as he contacts the ground with any&#xA;    part of his body, except his hand or foot &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the difference between NFL and NCAA rules. In the NFL, the ball is dead when the runner is contacted by a defender &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; touches the ground. In the NCAA, the ball is dead when the runner touches the ground &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; is tackled to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T02:58:43.163" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T02:58:43.163" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13966" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-15T08:34:25.617" Score="6" ViewCount="3097" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the name of player who score 200 in single t20 game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10712" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T09:17:05.397" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T11:35:42.497" Title="Player who score 200 in t20 games?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13966" CreationDate="2016-06-15T08:59:48.167" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody has scored 200 in an international, IPL, or T20 Blast match, with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284198.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;top scorer in a major T20 match&lt;/a&gt; being Chris Gayle, who &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/598027.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scored 175 for the Royal Challengers Bangalore&lt;/a&gt; in an IPL match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as pointed out by Ale in a comment, it has happened at lower levels, with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/story/309582.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dhanuka Pathirana&lt;/a&gt; scoring 277 in a match in the Lancashire league.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/feb/08/indian-becomes-first-player-to-score-triple-century-in-twenty20-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mohit Ahlawat&lt;/a&gt; went even further playing for Maavi XI in a Friends Premier League match, scoring exactly 300 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2017-02-08T07:20:11.473" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T07:20:11.473" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13961" CreationDate="2016-06-15T11:14:53.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Screening goalies happens all the time, whether it's intentional or not. It's pretty likely that the player screening would be offsides, so any shots attempted would be whistled offsides anyways. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9935364/former-referee-dermot-gallagher-backs-offside-rule-change&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1626" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T12:19:37.213" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T12:19:37.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13961" CreationDate="2016-06-15T13:01:07.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Nicholas V. points out, a player screening the goalie is usually in an offside position, and also active when a shot at goal is taken, so it is not a useful tactic in open play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only times I've seen this done (at amateur level) are when a defender stands on the goal-line when defending a free kick. This means that an attacker can stand in front of the goalkeeper without being offside, and block his view of the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course the screening attacker has to be aware of the defender rushing off the line before the kick is taken, leaving him offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is some more information &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccer-training-methods.com/free-kick.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;on this page about free kicks&lt;/a&gt; (in section Why Doesn't the Defending Team Put Players On the Goal Line?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T13:01:07.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13970" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-15T14:35:16.220" Score="5" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say Team-A has a certain score and Team-B is batting with 4 balls remaining. Bowler gives a no-ball. It starts raining heavily and play is stopped immediately with 4 balls (including the free-hit) remaining.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Now match result has to be decided based on Duckworth-Lewis Method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us take some hypothetical state where:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Case (1) : If Team-B has 4 normal balls, it looses.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Case (2) : If Team-B has 5 balls, it wins.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I know that these two cases have happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does Duckworth-Lewis consider a case like the following ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Case (3) : If Team-B has 3 balls and 1 free-hit, it wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stating it another way : Is there a numerical value attached to free-hit, which can change the outcome of the final result ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intuitively, Case (3) is better than Case (1), so Duckworth-Lewis should consider it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T14:38:44.527" Title="Does Duckworth-Lewis Method consider &quot;free-hit&quot; situations?" Tags="|rules|cricket|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13966" CreationDate="2016-06-15T14:51:45.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50108.html&quot;&gt;Dhanuka Pathirana&lt;/a&gt; scores &lt;strong&gt;277&lt;/strong&gt; in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/cricket/pathirana-plunders-277-in-twenty20-game-1003419&quot;&gt;Lancashire's Saddleworth League&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match seems played in 2007 seems Austerlands - Droylsden (366-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-sri-lankan-smashes-277-off-72-balls-in-twenty20-match-1119878&quot;&gt;another source&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/sri-lankan-cricketer-dhanuka-pathirana-smashed-277-in-t20-cricket&quot;&gt;another source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T14:51:45.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-15T16:09:28.973" Score="3" ViewCount="1260" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently watched the shaqting uncalled travels, and was wondering why some of those were travels. In the NBA rulebook, it states that a dribble is complete when the ball comes to a rest.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;However in those shaqting travels, they started the step count while the ball was still rotating in the hand of the dribbler, but after the ball touches the floor for the last time.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Why do the steps count from that moment on, rather than from the moment he puts both hands on the ball, or when the ball actually stops still (no further rotation in the hand)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11523" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-17T08:21:39.460" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T06:52:31.917" Title="When is a dribble completed in the NBA" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13961" CreationDate="2016-06-16T06:53:32.743" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, players may stand between the goalkeeper and the ball to block their vision. However, there are two key instances where this would be illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Offside&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is standing in an offside position when the ball is played by a teammate, they may not block the goalkeeper's (or for that matter any other opponent's) line of sight to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11 - Offside, 2016/17 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;interfering with an opponent by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Impeding&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player may not shield the ball if it is not in playing distance. For example, if a player stands in front of the goalkeeper on a corner kick, and then moves to prevent the goalkeeper getting around them, this should be called as impeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls &amp;amp; Misconduct, 2016/17 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent without contact&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the opponent’s path to obstruct, block, slow down or force a change of direction when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All players have a right to their position on the field of play; being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way of an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body. If the ball is within playing distance, the player may be fairly charged by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier on it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;impedes the progress of an opponent without any contact being made&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;section on direct free kicks&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;impedes an opponent with contact&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T06:53:32.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13979" CreationDate="2016-06-16T10:44:35.800" Score="5" ViewCount="781" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there statutes governing professional football that prevent either club or national teams from deploying a mixed team of both men and women? Are such teams prohibited at all levels, or only under particular circumstances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T07:31:10.093" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T07:31:10.093" Title="Football (soccer) mixed teams" Tags="|rules|football|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13978" CreationDate="2016-06-16T13:49:00.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In leagues under the FA, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/may/mixed-football-extension-agreed-u16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mixed football was extended to U16&lt;/a&gt;, and afterwards &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32848757&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;to U18&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in Italy, it is allowed for females to play with males &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.figc.it/it/3813/31646/Impianti.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;until 16 years old&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each federation can set its own guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="2222" LastEditDate="2016-06-19T03:50:20.617" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T03:50:20.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5549" CreationDate="2016-06-16T17:55:28.427" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;One team I played on--which won UPA collegiate back when I wasn't a geezer--practiced defending them thusly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Forces must be absolute. Nobody breaks force. Ever.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Man-defender faces iso-player and plays hard-and-tight man defense. We were often accused of playing &quot;physical&quot; defense just because our standard was to never allow more than two feet of separation when playing man. Many cutters aren't used to having real trouble shaking a defender, so got flummoxed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the disc goes up, the call from the sidelines wasn't &quot;DISC!&quot; but rather was either &quot;LEFT!&quot; or &quot;RIGHT!&quot; This indicated to the defender which direction he should turn to acquire and intercept the disc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three of these points were practiced/drilled &lt;em&gt;extensively&lt;/em&gt; on a daily or near-daily basis. Points one and two I've seen plenty of other teams practice very well. I've never seen another team drill point 3 like we did: stand with one's back to the disc, fifteen feet away, with two cones ten feet to either side of you, like below. ('c'=cone, 'X'=defender, 'O'=thrower)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;c     X     c&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;      O&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thrower throws to one cone, spectator shouts &quot;LEFT!&quot; or &quot;RIGHT!&quot;, and you turn-bid-acquire-block as quickly as possible. That's right, you lay out mid-torso height before you've really spotted the disc, and midair reach out with an arm or leg if you have to. And you catch some in the face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But getting that muscle memory drilled is key--with practice you'll lay out and start looking for the throw before you realize you've even heard the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11530" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T17:55:28.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-16T18:13:27.810" Score="2" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any UEFA/FIFA regulations regarding the payment of release clause in the January transfer window in European football? Are the clubs allowed to pay the release clause in the January transfer window?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11532" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T05:59:37.373" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T06:02:04.513" Title="Release Clause in European Football during the Winter Transfer Window" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|uefa|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13986" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-17T04:40:41.843" Score="1" ViewCount="1509" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the visiting team change their starting pitcher once the line ups are given to the umpires and the game begins? Example- Joe Strikeout is the starting pitcher on the line up card. The visitors score 8 runs in the top of the 1st and they trot out Bill Not SO Much instead of Joe Strikeout. Legal substitution?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T22:06:58.553" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T22:06:58.553" Title="Can a starting pitcher be replaced before their first pitch?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-17T11:31:13.993" Score="3" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why there is a lot of difference in cost transfert from football players to a coaches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in Europe almost all coaches have an agent, so I do not understand why there is so much difference in the negotiations between a coach (not free) and a footballer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thescore.com/news/1051395&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Montella sign to AC Milan&lt;/a&gt; (where Milan is paying €500,000 to release Montella from his Sampdoria contract)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T06:06:20.143" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T14:58:05.333" Title="Why so many differences from player to coaches costs transfer?" Tags="|football|finances|transaction|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13986" CreationDate="2016-06-17T12:50:48.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not legal. According to rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;5.10(f) of the 2016 MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, the  starting pitcher, as listed on the lineup given to the umpire, must pitch to the first batter he faces (unless said pitcher is incapacitated for whatever reason). That batter must be put out or reach base before the starting pitcher can be replaced. In your scenario, the visitor's starting pitcher has yet to face any batter from the home team, and thus, cannot be replaced until he has faced the first batter from the home team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The pitcher named in the batting order handed the umpire-in-chief, as&#xA;  provided in Rules 4.02(a) and 4.02(b), shall pitch to the first batter&#xA;  or any substitute batter until such batter is put out or reaches first&#xA;  base, unless the pitcher sustains injury or illness which, in the&#xA;  judgment of the umpire-in-chief, incapacitates him from pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T20:48:58.433" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T20:48:58.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13970" CreationDate="2016-06-17T13:02:18.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The free-hit rule is more recent than Duckworth–Lewis so the original D/L method (which came into force in English domestic cricket 1997) would not have taken this into consideration. I have been following cricket for many years in England and I’m not aware of any changes to the D/L system taking the free-hit into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is worth noting that Duckworth–Lewis does take into account wickets lost by the batting side: the more wickets you lose, the steeper your run chase will be. If you have a free hit, you are less likely to lose a wicket; this in itself should be a slight advantage to the batting side, even if Duckworth–Lewis does not consider free hits in its calculations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11500" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T13:02:18.370" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-18T01:46:53.823" Score="0" ViewCount="645" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario:&lt;/strong&gt; Bases loaded, two out. A ground ball is hit to third base.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The runner from third crosses home plate before the runner from second is tagged out on their way to third base.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does the run count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11546" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T09:15:52.510" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T16:51:56.423" Title="Does the run count, or is it considered a force-out" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-06-18T20:49:38.093" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13992" CreationDate="2016-06-18T16:51:56.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a force out at third because the bases are loaded. It doesn't matter if the runner on second is tagged or if third base is tagged, there is a force out at third, therefore the run does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T16:51:56.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-19T07:58:50.260" Score="3" ViewCount="6958" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's basically my question. When a ball carrier is tackled, he usually lets go of the ball (behind him more often than not). Why can't the opposing team pick up the ball? And who is legally allowed to pick up the ball at that moment? Is there a name for this position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Why is the blue team not going for the ball in this scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RbQcv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RbQcv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6383" LastEditorUserId="6383" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T16:42:48.620" LastActivityDate="2023-01-18T23:40:58.307" Title="In Rugby, why can't the tackling team pick up the ball after the ball carrier lets go?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3304" CreationDate="2016-06-19T11:30:23.163" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;4 wickets in 4 balls may be called qadri-trick; 5 wickets in 5 balls penta-trick ; Then there is change in the over.Yet, for 6 successes in 6 consecutive events may be called hexa-trick; 7 in 7 hepta-trick; 8 in 8 octa-trick; 9 in 9 nona-trick; 10 in 10 deca-trick; 11 in 11 undeca-trick and 12 in 12 dodeca-trick! How's that! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11555" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T11:30:23.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14002" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14005" CreationDate="2016-06-19T18:46:59.827" Score="1" ViewCount="527" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just looking for confirmation on a fair or foul ruling on a play I made in softball the other day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter hits the ball down the first base line with a lot of spin. The ball bounces once in fair territory. I tried to get it before it went into foul territory with my glove but couldn't. So I am now standing in foul territory and before the ball hits the ground I kick it back into fair territory before it crosses first base.  Since I was standing in foul territory I would have assumed it would have been foul the second it hit my foot but the umpire calls the ball fair.  What is the correct call on this play? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11559" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T19:54:09.230" Title="Fair or Foul Ruling" Tags="|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2016-06-19T19:46:36.513" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played for over 30 years years. Shin guards dramatically affect the way a striker makes contact with the ball, and it also reduces your feel for the location of the ball at your feet. I used to wear little kids shin guards, and I would even cut them to make them smaller. Your teammates may laugh, but you will score more goals and have better ball control! I have had tons of injuries, but never one related to inadequate shin guards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11561" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T19:46:36.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14002" CreationDate="2016-06-19T19:54:09.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sfcoedchurchleague.com/asasoftballrb.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ASA rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gidrl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gidrl.png&quot; alt=&quot;ASA Foul Ball definition&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since I was standing in foul territory I would have assumed it would have been foul the second it hit my foot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to provision A, this seems to be the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T19:54:09.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14010" CreationDate="2016-06-19T20:52:16.063" Score="3" ViewCount="1158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just noticed that there are 6 groups in the current European Championships, which means that - if the top two from each group were to go through - there would only be 12 teams into the last 16, which is 4 short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the top 3 from each group go through, we get 18 teams going to the round of 16, which is 2 too many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There would have to be just 4 groups where 3 teams go through and 2 groups where the top 2 go through to make 16 teams in the round of 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is it working?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there 4 groups where 3 teams go through? If so, how do they decide which groups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T08:29:37.703" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T19:31:24.847" Title="How many teams go through from each group in Euro 2016?" Tags="|football|euro|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14007" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-20T03:46:10.793" Score="4" ViewCount="7974" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does someone know of an example of an NBA game in which one team did not score a single three-pointer? Did this ever happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11428" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-22T10:08:43.593" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T10:08:43.593" Title="Has there ever been an NBA game in which one team did not score a single three-pointer?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14008" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-20T04:27:27.690" Score="2" ViewCount="1349" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching the NBA finals tonight, I started wondering which team would have won if every player who missed an &quot;open look&quot; shot had made it. I can't find any stats on this. I'm guessing that it's because &quot;open look&quot; is subjective. Short of re-watching the whole game and tallying them myself, is there a way to figure this out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11563" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T05:15:27.067" Title="Is there a stat for number of missed &quot;open look&quot; shots in an NBA basketball game?" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14007" CreationDate="2016-06-20T04:34:32.207" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, the three-point line was introduced in the NBA for the 1979-1980 season&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/playoffs/2015/story/_/id/12993098/nba-35-year-war-3-pointer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Therefore, every game before that season did not include a single three-pointer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does someone [know] of an example of [an] NBA game in which one team did not score ... a single ... three-pointer? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between the 1979-1980 NBA season and the 2015-2016 NBA season, this has happened 11,253 times according to Basketball Reference's Team Game Finder&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&amp;amp;year_min=1964&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_range=N&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;best_of=&amp;amp;team_seed=&amp;amp;opp_seed=&amp;amp;team_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;opp_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_overtime=&amp;amp;c1stat=fg3&amp;amp;c1comp=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=11200&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few interesting points to note: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The number of three point attempts per game has steadily increased since its introduction&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/nba/playoffs/2015/story/_/id/12993098/nba-35-year-war-3-pointer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Between the 2013-2014 NBA season and the 2015-2016 NBA season (which includes three seasons), the number of times a team did not score a single three-pointer in a game is 6 (including once during the entire 2013-2014 NBA season)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&amp;amp;year_min=1964&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_range=N&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;best_of=&amp;amp;team_seed=&amp;amp;opp_seed=&amp;amp;team_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;opp_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_overtime=&amp;amp;c1stat=fg3&amp;amp;c1comp=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=gt&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=gt&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;During the 2012-2013 NBA season, the number of times a team did not score a single three-pointer in a game is 5.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the 2012-2013 NBA season, a team not scoring a single three-pointer in a game was more common.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T04:39:35.343" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T04:39:35.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14006" CreationDate="2016-06-20T05:05:21.033" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;16 teams will progress to the knockout stages of Euro 2016 from the group stages. The top two sides from each group will qualify, followed by 4 of the 6 third-placed team in the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016#Finals_format&quot;&gt;The Wikipedia article for Euro 2016&lt;/a&gt; explicitly explains the qualification process for the knockout stages. I have added an excerpt here for your benefit, emphasis mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To accommodate the expansion from a 16 team finals tournament to 24 teams, the format will be changed from that used in 2012 with the addition of two extra groups in the group stage, and an extra round in the knockout stages. The six groups (A to F) would still contain four teams each, with the top two from each group still going through to the knockout stage. &lt;strong&gt;In the new format however, the four best third-ranked sides would also progress, leaving 16 teams going into the new round of 16 knockout stage, ahead of the usual quarter-finals, semi-finals and final, and only 8 teams going out at the group stage.&lt;/strong&gt; The format is exactly the one which was applied to the 1986, 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups, with the exception of the absence of a third-place play-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016#Ranking_of_third-placed_teams&quot;&gt;There is also a handy table in the Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; which shows how the third-placed teams are ranked currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T05:05:21.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14008" CreationDate="2016-06-20T05:15:27.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a stat for number of missed “open look” shots in an NBA basketball game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not for a specific game that I was able to find, but NBA.com appears to have this statistic &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.nba.com/league/player/shots/#!/?Season=2015-16&amp;amp;SeasonType=Regular%20Season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;over a period of time&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0AUhn.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0AUhn.png&quot; alt=&quot;How to get to the League Player Tracking Shots page&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From NBA.com/Stats -&gt; Player Stats -&gt; Player Tracking Shots, you'll find yourself on the &quot;League Player Tracking Shots&quot; page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4QoBm.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4QoBm.png&quot; alt=&quot;League Player Tracking Shots page&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From here, under &quot;Closest Defender&quot; or &quot;Closest Defender (+10 FT),&quot; you can choose to filter statistics based on your definition of &quot;open look&quot; (which I'm assuming would fall under &quot;Open&quot; or &quot;Wide Open&quot;). From here, FGA minus FGM will give you &quot;missed 'open look' shots&quot; per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Stephen Curry missed 4 &quot;Open&quot; shots per game during the 2015-2016 NBA Playoffs&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.nba.com/league/player/shots/#!/?sort=FGA&amp;amp;dir=1&amp;amp;ShotDistRange=&amp;amp;CloseDefDistRange=4-6%20Feet%20-%20Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T05:15:27.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14006" CreationDate="2016-06-20T10:26:30.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Euro 2016 is open to 24 teams while since 2012 was to 16 when the firsts and the seconds teams qualify for the knockout rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expansion required a modification to the first round of the qualification system and &lt;strong&gt;those are the criteria for the qualification&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. Points&#xA;2. Goal difference&#xA;3. Goals scored&#xA;4. Fair play (3 pts for a red card, 1 pt for a yellow, lowest score wins)&#xA;5. UEFA team coefficient&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurosport.com/football/euro-2016/2016/explained-3rd-place-teams-at-euro-2016-how-it-works-who-plays-whom-and-who-s-set-to-grab-a-spot_sto5651583/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find a detailed article&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The four best third teams will play knockout against the winner of the groups A-B-C-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T19:31:24.847" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T19:31:24.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14014" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14015" CreationDate="2016-06-20T13:30:30.050" Score="11" ViewCount="9828" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recently held Champions Trophy, I saw that the players play with water on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/s0NsW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/s0NsW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Water at the foot of the player&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is water present on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11358" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T07:32:45.347" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T07:32:45.347" Title="Why is field hockey played with water on the field?" Tags="|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14014" CreationDate="2016-06-20T13:45:39.393" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The game was being played on artificial turf. According to Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are three main types of artificial hockey surface:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;   - &lt;strong&gt;Unfilled or water-based&lt;/strong&gt; – artificial fibres that are densely packed    for stabilisation, requires irrigation or watering to avoid&#xA;  pitch    wear&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;   - &lt;strong&gt;Dressed or sand-dressed&lt;/strong&gt; – artificial fibres can be less densely    packed and sand supports the fibres for part of the pile depth&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;   - &lt;strong&gt;Filled or sand-filled&lt;/strong&gt; – artificial fibres can be longer and less    densely packed and sand supports the fibres for 100% of the&#xA;  pile    depth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of water is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On water-based pitches, shorter fibres and wetted turf reduce friction and increase the speed at which the game can be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elite-level competitions, such as the Olympic Games and World Cup, require a water-based playing surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_pitch#Artificial_playing_surface&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_pitch#Artificial_playing_surface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11500" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T13:45:39.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14017" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-06-20T16:42:33.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Candlepin bowling is a variation of bowling that is played primarily in the Canadian Maritime provinces and the New England states of the United States. It uses smaller balls and pins than ten-pin bowling, and bowlers are allowed three balls per frame, or &quot;box&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlepin_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia entry for Candlepin Bowling&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorDisplayName="user11569" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T13:12:50.547" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T13:12:50.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14018" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-06-20T16:42:33.543" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of candlepin bowling." OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorDisplayName="user11569" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T13:12:56.343" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T13:12:56.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14020" CreationDate="2016-06-20T17:32:46.663" Score="1" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sure I've seen suggestions that for anyone U19 or lower, the greatest distance a scrum can be legally pushed is 1.5 meters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can this please be confirmed? A reference would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If true, does this mean that one cannot score a push-over try from a scrum, since these must start a minimum 5 meters from a try line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is there an exception somewhere in the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11570" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T15:04:38.827" Title="In U14s Rugby (UK) is it possible to score a pushover try from a scrum?" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14019" CreationDate="2016-06-20T20:08:24.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pushover try cannot be scored under-19 or below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, a penalty try from a scrum cannot be awarded because a pushover try was never a possibility. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you've worked out, because a scrum must begin centred 5m from the try line, the 1.5m push limit prevents a pushover try. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;note:&lt;/em&gt; there's also an under-19 law which forbids a team from deliberately keeping the ball in the scrum, which would make a pushover try nearly impossible in itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No exemption exists, &lt;strong&gt;however&lt;/strong&gt; referees aren't always clued in on the laws and pushover tries/scrum penalty tries will occasionally be awarded in error. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?variation=1&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;source to law here&quot;&gt;Source: world rugby under-19 law variations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T15:04:38.827" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T15:04:38.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14022" CreationDate="2016-06-20T23:28:47.990" Score="3" ViewCount="10483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this term used often when I read about the NBA in the USA. What is a &quot;go-ahead three-pointer&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/nba/videos/10154111733793463/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/nba/videos/10154111733793463/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11571" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T02:09:20.913" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T19:20:35.697" Title="What is a &quot;go-ahead three-pointer&quot; in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14021" CreationDate="2016-06-21T01:55:27.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A three-pointer is a shot that scores three points by virtue of the taker being outside the three-point arc at the time of taking it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;go-ahead&quot; shot or goal in any sport is that shot or goal which puts the team who scored it in the lead, and sometimes more specifically, in a lead which they held for the remainder of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the &quot;go-ahead three-pointer&quot; is a three-pointer shot which put the scoring team in the lead, possibly after which that team stayed leading until the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare with ice hockey's &quot;game-winning goal&quot; for a similar concept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-04T19:20:35.697" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T19:20:35.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14023" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-21T08:53:21.333" Score="4" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do the Cavs players get some sort of bonus compensation from the team and / or the NBA?&#xA;What about the coaching staff and owners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, do you know how much this bonus is?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a data point, way back, in the 1990s when the Knicks made it to the eastern conference finals (John Starks, Patrick Ewing, Charles Oakley and others) each player got around 100k bonus, which was reported by the local news.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11572" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T09:34:35.587" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T09:44:03.927" Title="Cleveland Cavaliers championship bonus" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14023" CreationDate="2016-06-21T09:37:53.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The NBA&lt;/strong&gt; sets aside a playoff’s pool of &lt;strong&gt;money as a bonus to teams for their performance&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last year that figure was at $13 million with a maximum of $8 million that can go to any team. This year the prize money seems confirmed. If you were to divide that figure equally to all players in the team that would equate to each player receiving a maximum over $500,000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fxnewscall.com/nba-finals-2016-cleveland-cavaliers-new-champions-how-much-did-they-get/1941839/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This is the source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the players divide the prize money in percentage of thier wage the bonus can be very different and &lt;a href=&quot;http://moneynation.com/how-much-money-players-make-win-nba-finals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can find a simulation on Warriors players (made before the end of the season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual players may then have economic advantages with successive contracts, but in this case it is not about bonuses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T09:44:03.927" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T09:44:03.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14038" CreationDate="2016-06-21T13:18:42.587" Score="5" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have come across this gif on Facebook, where the goal-keeper of the opposite team disproves the injury of a player (I'm not sure about what match it was).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANPrC.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANPrC.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;would players who get disproved of injury be fined?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T10:18:01.987" Title="Would the player be fined after getting convicted for fake injury?" Tags="|rules|football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14028" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-21T15:23:44.587" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 20 years or so of practising different sports (mainly basketball, football, volleyball, rugby, quidditch) at vastly different levels, I've come across applications of body language and its interpretation. A couple of brief examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fakes/Defence in general: these have an element of actively using your body language (forcing a choice by the opponent, tricking them...) and one of interpreting your opponent's own body language&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Appear weak when you are strong, and strong when you are weak&quot;: the quote is from &lt;em&gt;The Art of War&lt;/em&gt; but it applies to sports just as well; it's possible to force your opponent's in being overly cautious, overly aggressive, misinterpret your intentions...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teamwork: by learning your teammate's body language, you can improve communication and teamwork without need of extensive verbal communication&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Influencing referees: taken to the extremes of flopping and diving, it can be crucial to draw referee calls&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am interested in finding more applications of active use and/or interpretation of other players' body language that are relevant in team sports (potentially interested in individual sports too, but I'm trying limit the scope of the question slightly).&#xA;Bonus points for non-obvious examples, such as ones that would only be used by top level athletes. Both sport-specific and generic answers are welcome!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T15:23:44.587" Title="What are the most overlooked uses of body language in team sports?" Tags="|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-06-21T18:42:45.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14033" CreationDate="2016-06-21T15:58:45.693" Score="5" ViewCount="9228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently watching the UEFA EURO 2016 matches and I saw the referees checking the shoes of the players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are they looking for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11573" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T16:18:05.963" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T23:14:38.497" Title="What do the referees check when controlling the shoes of football players?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13998" CreationDate="2016-06-21T16:27:44.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tackler can and often does pick up the ball.  The person that is tackled must release the ball behind them.  Once they release the ball they may pick the ball up and get up with it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the tacklee lays down and set the ball they form their &quot;side&quot;.  The tackler must be on his side before he can return to grab the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I played wing for large university outside of football season - and have also broken this rule 20+ times so I have an understanding of it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I tackled another wing in the open field they would lay down, set the ball behind them, while I am jumping over them or going around them to be on side, and then it is a fight to get the ball first.  Often they would get the ball again.  If I did get the ball in that situation it would often lead to score or big gain.  If I didn't get the ball after the tackle, the other wing picks it up and is retackled but at that point there is reinforcement and ruck follows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in most cases me or the other wing is going to get cleated and kicked as the guys working the scrum have quite the disdain for wingers.  I mention the wing position because this kind of play happens most in the open field where wings would get the ball.  Normally in more congested part of the field a player is tackled, set the ball behind them and then a teammate picks it up while stepping over them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T16:27:44.500" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14029" CreationDate="2016-06-21T16:53:31.300" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The check at the start of the game is a simple safety check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no specific rules governing types of footwear except that they &quot;&lt;em&gt;should not be dangerous&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice this means that the ref is looking for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Worn plastic studs that have developed a sharp plastic lip  at the top (usually from walking on concrete) that could cut someone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sharp studs - studs (including metal) that have become sharpened to a point (perhaps deliberately) , or running spikes, golf spikes etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other parts of the boots that have become sharp or generally dangerous to other players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~dgraham/lotg/law04.html&quot;&gt;A little source on the laws&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; I'm aware of how ridiculous this all looks in the context of a major competition, it really is a matter of the ref just ticking the boxes. At an amateur level however, these problems occur regularly enough (especially the first point) that it's worth checking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T16:53:31.300" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9190" CreationDate="2016-06-21T17:07:34.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the competition. As the answers above have said, the World Cup has made it impossible for it to happen. However, if you take a look at the UEFA Champions League, the only round in which you can't have two teams from the same group play each other is in the round of 16. From the quarterfinals on, any two teams can be drawn against each other, including those who played together in the group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf&lt;/a&gt; - page 24&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11575" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T17:07:34.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7103" CreationDate="2016-06-21T20:26:36.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An attacking forward is even with the second-last defender.&#xA;Another attacking player, in the same general area as the forward, is several steps behind (onside, not offside) the second-last defender, and is running forward.&#xA;The attacking team is about to play the ball forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the 2005 rule change:&#xA;The second-last defender steps up, putting the attacking forward in an offside position. When the attacking team plays the ball forward, the offside offense is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the 2005 rule change:&#xA;If the second-last defender steps up, putting the attacking forward in an offside position just as the attacking team plays the ball forward, the attacking forward will choose not to interfere with the play. Offside will not be called. Play continues, with the second attacking player continuing to run forward (presumably to the ball). He now has a great attacking opportunity since the ball has already been played forward for him, and the second-last defender is one step further away from the goal, and moving in the wrong direction.&#xA;Therefore, in this situation, the second-last defender will not step up to force the attacking forward into an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the second-last defender will not step up to force a player into an offside position in this situation, and since the attacking team can create this situation fairly easily, the defense does not have much incentive to play a high defensive line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11576" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T20:26:36.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14025" CreationDate="2016-06-22T02:25:05.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disciplinary action has certainly been taken over players who have been shown to feign injury. One of the most infamous instances of this was at the 2002 FIFA World Cup; during a group match between Brazil and Turkey, when Rivaldo went down covering his face after being struck on the hip by a ball kicked at him by a Turkish player. The referee sent off the Turkish player for a second yellow-card offence, but upon video review – which clearly proved the Brazilian’s cheating intent – Rivaldo was &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/brazil_v_turkey/newsid_2023000/2023985.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fined by FIFA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1989, a match between Brazil and Chile was abandoned after the Chilean goalkeeper Roberto Rojas appeared to be injured by a flare thrown onto the pitch by a spectator. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rojas#1989_World_Cup_qualifying_incident&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1989 World Cup qualifying incident&lt;/a&gt; resulted in more than just the play-acting player being punished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Video evidence later showed that Rojas had not been hit by the firework. His head injury was discovered to have been self-inflicted with a razor blade hidden in his glove. FIFA awarded Brazil a 2-0 win, effectively eliminating Chile from the 1990 World Cup. As a consequence, Chile was banned from the 1994 FIFA World Cup and Rojas was banned for life, along with the coach Orlando Aravena and the team doctor Daniel Rodriguez.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11500" LastEditorUserId="11500" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T10:18:01.987" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T10:18:01.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14041" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14042" CreationDate="2016-06-22T16:53:55.897" Score="4" ViewCount="5434" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a batter hits a foul popup to the catcher, and it's an easy play but the catcher drops it. Later in the at-bat, the batter gets a solid hit. Is this scored as the batter reaching on an error, or getting a hit? What about any runs that are created that would not otherwise have scored? Are these earned or unearned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11045" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T15:58:37.260" Title="Dropped foul ball followed by hit?" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2016-06-22T17:09:34.750" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is a bit unclear.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Later in the at-bat, the batter gets a solid hit. Is this scored as the batter reaching on an error, or getting a hit?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, when the batter gets a solid hit, does anybody playing the field make an error, or was it a clean hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pop-up to the catcher has nothing to do with the solid hit.  If the catcher drops the ball, that is an error on the catcher &lt;strong&gt;for that 1 play&lt;/strong&gt;, but that play doesn't have any influence on the judgement of a future play as far as how the batter gets on base&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reaching on an Error&lt;/strong&gt; means that the batter reached base safely on the current play due to a fielder making an error during that play, &lt;strong&gt;not from a past play&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as earned runs charged to a pitcher in this situation &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 9.06 b) No run shall be earned when scored by a runner who reaches first base&#xA;(1) on a hit or otherwise after his time at bat is prolonged by&#xA;a muffed foul fly; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11009" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T12:21:51.433" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T12:21:51.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5731" CreationDate="2016-06-23T07:16:49.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Italy it is friendly called &lt;strong&gt;&quot;around the world&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to be played by 2 or more player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe there are no official rules for this kind of matches/points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Particular version if &lt;strong&gt;surviving around the world&lt;/strong&gt; where many players (more than 2) starts to play in order one shot each moving to the part of the table of that shot (if there are odd numbers of player thay have to move from one side to the other, otherwise thay can hit from the same part of the table) and who fails is eliminated. The game continues until there are no two players who play a traditional point in the final&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T07:16:49.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2016-06-23T13:42:19.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to answer the remaining questions as well and clarify any further confusion, you can't have an error on a foul ball. A dropped foul ball is just a foul ball. Anything happening after that plays out as it does. Errors only count if the hitter gets on base as a direct result of it (i.e. pops it up and the catcher drops it in fair territory and the batter reaches 1st because of it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to figure out unearned runs is to replay the inning without the errors. For instance, if batter 1 strikes out, batter 2 pops out to RF, batter 3 grounds it to SS and reaches because of a bad throw to 1st (an error on the SS), and then batter 4 hits a homerun.... replaying that inning without errors gives you a strike out, fly out, ground out (would have been if the throw were accurate). Therefore, the two runs scoring on the homerun were unearned. The hit still counts against the pitcher, so his final line for that inning is  1 IP, 1 H, 2 R, 0 ER, 0 BB, 1 K. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope that helps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T13:42:19.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13724" CreationDate="2016-06-23T14:15:17.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that the biggest shift recently has been to specializations and the bullpen. Before, you had a starter that would just throw all 9 innings where now you have starters throwing 6 or 7 innings with a setup man leading to the closer. You also have situation guys like a lefty specialist that can come in to face lefties and more middle-relief guys working less than an inning. This shortened the games for starters because now they just have to try to be effective for those 7 innings instead of worrying about the 3rd and 4th times through the lineup. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Times have also shifted to be a lot more stat based, meaning more effective matchups for the bullpen and starters. They now every stat they could possibly know about every hitter and can therefore make a pretty accurate game plan on what to do when they come up to the plate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T14:15:17.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12953" CreationDate="2016-06-23T14:32:03.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It generally depends on what the rule is and how urgent it is to enforce. Generally, someone brings up the idea (whether it's the players, owners, or coaches). It is then discussed by a committee of owners. Once approved by them, it goes to baseball's playing rules committee for approval, which is made up of different execs. From there it can be put into effect, although some have to then be run by the MLB Players Association (the players union) for approval. It generally depends on the nature of the rule and who it will effect, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an example, look &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/15633876/mlb-competition-committee-agrees-changes-strike-zone-intentional-walks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. That will give you a small sample of what happened this year when they tried to change the strike zone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T14:32:03.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13948" CreationDate="2016-06-23T17:47:12.167" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember that according to defined laws/rules by FIFA, referee is the only one who decides which side to choose for the corner under the situation you described. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the comments about 'who cares which side for the corner', sometimes which side to use for the corner really matters, for example, when it's a overwhelming windy day or if the sun is shining from one side line of the field. According to the widely recognized principle of encouraging offensive side, normally the referee should/would choose a side which benefits the offensive side under this situation when which side to use for corner does matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11592" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T17:47:12.167" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14052" CreationDate="2016-06-23T19:31:35.387" Score="7" ViewCount="7357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the ball. My back is to the opponent's goal. My teammate, further from but facing the goal, is running toward me and toward the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rather than turn and shoot, I pass the ball back to my teammate who immediately shoots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11594" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T00:25:17.077" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T00:25:17.077" Title="Passing back, am I offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14051" CreationDate="2016-06-23T20:07:30.803" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously, at the moment your teammate touches the ball, you are in an &lt;em&gt;offside position&lt;/em&gt; (supposing all defenders are further from the goal, otherwise you wouldn’t be asking, I guess). But being in an offside position is not an offence in itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be penalised for offside, you’d need to be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…] involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by being in that position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(FIFA: Laws of the Game 2015/2016, Law 11 – Offside)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official &lt;em&gt;Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees&lt;/em&gt; defines those terms in this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;“interfering with play” means playing or touching the ball passed or touched by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;“interfering with an opponent” means preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or challenging an opponent for the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;“gaining an advantage by being in that position” means playing a ball:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;i. that rebounds or is deflected to him off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent having been in an offside position OR&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ii. that rebounds, is deflected or is  played to him from a deliberate save by an opponent having been in an offside position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent, who deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save), is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your situation, it means you would be offside if either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your teammate hit you with his shot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You would be clearly obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision (or challenging the goalkeeper).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You would get to play the ball after it rebounds from the goalposts or the goalkeeper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, the pass-back-and-shoot is completely legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-24T17:00:13.130" LastActivityDate="2016-06-24T17:00:13.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13764" CreationDate="2016-06-23T20:29:21.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, generally when you argue with an umpire, you are actually arguing a play or call on the field, and you are ejected for arguing that too much or saying something that you should not have said. Therefore, there is a chance you could get the call reversed now with replay, but they will never undo an ejection of a player or coach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the current baseball age, you won't get much arguing on a play that can be challenged simply because they know that to be the case, and that there is a chance for it to be overturned. You can still argue after the review if you still disagree. But once you are ejected, you are ejected. They have never reversed that. The only thing that happens after an ejection are fines or umpire reviews in the days following (if necessary in either case). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T20:29:21.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9230" CreationDate="2016-06-23T21:00:44.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two parts to consider when answering this. The first one regarding right-handed pitchers being better against right-handed batters, and vice-versa with lefties. The second is the situation itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first thing to consider is kind of what @Larry mentioned with splits not actually holding true to that thinking. It more depends on the pitcher's pitch selection. For instance, cut fastballs actually break to inside of an opposite handed hitter. An example of this is Mariano Rivera (a righty), who had one of the best cutters in the game. He actually allowed a career .213 BA to right-handed hitters and a .206 BA to left-handed hitters (better against lefties) because his pitch broke that way. It more depends on the break of the pitches, which is why there are a lot of right-handers that are more effective against RH batters, and vice-versa. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part of this is the specific situation (I found the game so I could reference it). In the game, Worley started and lasted 6 innings, which meant that by the time Liz came in, the Pirates had already used 4 of their relief pitchers (he was #5). ML teams usually carry 12 or 13 pitchers, 5 of which are your starting rotation that will almost never see relief, which means you have 7 relief pitchers. This means they had 2 left in their bullpen in a 2-1 game that had already gone 12 innings. In extra inning games, you generally stretch pitchers out more than usual because you never know how long the game will go and you don't want to run out of pitchers. In that case, you're looking at a game in which one team had scored 1 run in 12 innings and the other team 2...scoring isn't coming easy, meaning that game could easily go 15+ innings. At that point, you have position players pitching, which furthers their risk of injury too. This is why you don't see a pitcher coming in during the 12th inning to face 1 batter. Generally, they try to get at least 2 innings from each pitcher. If Worley had lasted another inning or 2, you might have seen the change since it would have saved 2 pitchers for later. With him lasting only 6 though, your bullpen was already pressed into action earlier than normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T21:00:44.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9164" CreationDate="2016-06-24T18:33:05.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are allowed to switch gloves in the middle of an inning, you just don't see it that much, and in softball leagues it would more be an annoyance in the way of a delay. In softball, you are probably just fine if you can quickly grab it as play is stopped as long as you have it readily available and easy to access. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your question about pro leagues, you almost never see it (mostly because they typically don't sub defensively in the middle of innings). The only time you generally see it is if there is a fielding injury and someone from 3B is switching to 1B, where they then want their 1B glove (or infield to outfield since OF gloves are bigger and vice versa). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the most recent odd case though, there is Pat Venditte, the ambidextrous and switch-pitching pitcher for the Blue Jays. His being called up made MLB make a rule specifically for him. A quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/3051858/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The pitcher must visually indicate to the umpire, batter and runner(s) which way he will begin pitching to the batter. Engaging the rubber with the glove on a particular hand is considered a definitive commitment to which arm he will throw with. The batter will then choose which side of the plate he will bat from.&quot; The article adds later that the pitcher and batter are allowed to switch once per at-bat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11591" LastActivityDate="2016-06-24T18:33:05.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14057" CreationDate="2016-06-24T18:59:06.457" Score="5" ViewCount="1451" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got the idea of all the player positions in &lt;code&gt;Rugby&lt;/code&gt;. Is there a position called &lt;code&gt;Three Quarters&lt;/code&gt;, if I'm not mistaken?. Some used to mention it by that way, but I've got no idea what it really mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice would be appreciated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="11599" LastEditDate="2016-06-24T19:24:03.377" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T20:25:19.507" Title="Three Quarters in Rugby" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14056" CreationDate="2016-06-24T20:34:17.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;There are four threequarters: two wingers and two centres. Right wing (2), right centre (3), left centre (4) and left wing (5). Typically these players work in pairs, with one winger and one centre occupying each side of the field.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union_positions#Three-quarters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union_positions#Three-quarters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially if you are already familiar with the centre and wing position you also know what threequarters means because it is just a combination of those positions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;position 2,3,4,5 in the graphic below&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U2sK4.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U2sK4.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2020-06-06T20:25:19.507" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T20:25:19.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17043" CreationDate="2016-06-25T09:50:34.700" Score="2" ViewCount="1569" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules regarding movement of players in the lineout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that there needs to be minimum distance between the 2 lines and that there needs to be a minimum distance between the lines and the side line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested about movement of players for deception reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moving back and forth, switching places, leaving the lineout etc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any specific rules that suggest what is and is not allowed at this time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11570" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T09:22:17.427" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T09:22:17.427" Title="What are the rules regarding player movement in a lineout" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25773" CreationDate="2016-06-25T16:36:27.403" Score="6" ViewCount="1042" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read many soccer statistics and I'm almost sure there is no current figure of how many assists Maradona provided while playing for Argentina. But all of Maradona's games are recorded and it's possible to get those stats. Has anyone calculated Maradona's assists for Argentina?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="16506" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T00:09:53.877" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T00:09:53.877" Title="How many assists did Maradona provide for his national team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13939" CreationDate="2016-06-25T17:04:55.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the beginings of soccer football formations were 2-3-5 and formations with few defenders and many fowards/strikers. Since most of the team were comitted to score goals than defending, and there were more space to play and less pressure from the players to the oponent players, more goals were scored. Later, formations changed to 4-2-4 , 4-3-3, 4-4-2 , 4-5-1 , etc meaning more players were comitted to defending than attacking . Nowadays teams with less skilled players place 2 defensive lines of 4 players (technically, 4 o 5 defenders and other 4 or 3 midfielders committed in defensive, pressure and recovering balls duties) and 1 or 2 strikers, and sometimes they regroup in 30 metres which makes very difficult to reach to the goalkeeper to shoot and score a goal. Those are the mainly reasons, but there might be others such as the better physical conditions players have to run over the field to recover balls and defend his own team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2016-06-25T17:04:55.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13933" CreationDate="2016-06-25T17:21:17.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason is if soccer is a big part of the culture of the country. For example, in Argentina, it's extremely rare to find a person who haven't played soccer in his whole life. It's common for most men to play every week with friends, and in their childhood to spend vacations playing 8,10,12 hours per day. They (we) also have great examples to follow, such as Alfredo Di Stefano, Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi, they make us believe that we can be the best in the world and the best in the history of soccer as they were / are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't place the number of people in a country as a reason which influences in a similar level than the reason first mentioned. For example, Uruguay (which is a country with 3 million inhabitants) have won 2 World Cups and 15 Copa America, it's one of the 2 countries with most international titles, they have Golden Foot's winners such as Diego Forlan and Luis Suarez, top level players. Other countries such as China and India with over 1300 and 1200 millions inhabitants, are extremely far away of the prestige and the quality of players the Uruguay national team has.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't place organization as a main reason either. Argentina, despite high FIFA ranking, is an organizational mess, with an extremely bad federation and many clubs in bankruptcy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T18:32:37.670" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T18:32:37.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14060" CreationDate="2016-06-25T17:25:18.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Assists&quot; in football are a (relatively) modern statistic and weren't collected in Maradona's playing days. Unless anyone has been through recordings of every international match Maradona played (assuming that video exists of them all, which is by no means guaranteed), this statistic isn't going to be available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-25T17:25:18.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13514" CreationDate="2016-06-25T17:53:57.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of them are, all players are committed in defensive duties. Even players with offensive roles they try to recover balls. High pressure over the oponent. They practice a lot for corners and free shots and they have much better results on that now than before. They practice more and they are more prepared and are more effective at counterattacking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2018-01-10T20:27:59.417" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T20:27:59.417" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14068" CreationDate="2016-06-25T21:59:35.970" Score="6" ViewCount="3460" Body="&lt;p&gt;What was the first team sport ever invented?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By team sport I mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;group of two or more players playing against another group of two or more players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;athletic competition involving an agreed upon set of rules and objectives&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T17:11:24.507" Title="What was the first team sport ever invented?" Tags="|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14084" CreationDate="2016-06-26T02:40:40.487" Score="4" ViewCount="1632" Body="&lt;p&gt;In which American professional sports league do players share the highest % of league revenue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any professional sports league is acceptable so long as most players rely on their participation as their primary source of income (please exclude hobby and semi pro leagues that cannot mean that description).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-26T14:41:15.250" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:18:35.697" Title="In which professional sports league do players share the highest % of revenue?" Tags="|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14065" CreationDate="2016-06-26T02:48:59.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Mesoamerican ballgame and its descendants have been played since 1400BCE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While they may not count directly as team sports, these may also have been competed in by teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ancient Egyptian records indicate organised competition in such things as swimming, wrestling and javelin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ancient Chinese records indicate organised competition in gymnastics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ancient Persian records indicate organised competition in wrestling and jousting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sources to follow&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-06-26T02:48:59.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14065" CreationDate="2016-06-26T02:51:18.253" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team sport: &quot;Most likely Tsu Chu , which was played in China as early as 3000 BC&quot; - It was similar to soccer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reference.com/history/first-sport-ever-invented-74e7e8206887977c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First sport ever invented&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T17:11:24.507" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T17:11:24.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11966" CreationDate="2016-06-26T12:38:21.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adriano (brazilian) who played in Barcelona FC and brazilian national team was used as defender and as striker by Joseph Guardiola (though not many times in the last role). He scored several goals as a defender and he goes up to assist position several times running through the left or right side of the field so he was a good choice. Guardiola in Barcelona made several of these role changing, he wanted their players to be &quot;multi-role&quot; though I dont remember if there was another defender who was used as striker, Dani Alves is probably another case. Recently with Luis Enrique coach, Sergi Roberto in Barcelona FC was used as defender, midfielder, and striker. He was selected for the spain national team already. In the 70's &quot;Mechanical Orange&quot; from Netherlands, there probably were some, because the idea of highly multi-purpose players comes from that team and was later incorporated by FC Barcelona when the leader of the mechanical orange Johan Cruyff went to play and later be coach in that club&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2016-06-26T12:38:21.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-27T01:22:51.863" Score="3" ViewCount="967" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the count is 3-2 with two out and a runner on first, the runner will always go on first movement. Why does the pitcher not throw over to first to either pick off the runner or at least make him hesitate for an extra moment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T21:40:46.350" Title="Pickoffs on 3-2" Tags="|baseball|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-06-28T08:04:13.587" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14076" CreationDate="2016-06-27T08:25:54.117" Score="2" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read a minimal amount about this in some of the questions which have been posted already here and the posts which were linked. However, I'm still unsure if the Duckworth-Lewis method is applied in the following scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the rain interrupts in the middle of the first innings of a 50 over match?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the rain interrupts once the first innings is complete?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the rain interrupts once the second team has batted a certain number of overs?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-06-28T09:15:05.410" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T09:15:05.410" Title="When is the Duckworth-Lewis method applied?" Tags="|cricket|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14075" CreationDate="2016-06-27T10:10:22.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the Duckworth-Lewis method would be applied in all three scenarios. The only scenario in which a rain-shortened match does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; have the Duckworth-Lewis method applied is if the match is shortened &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the start of the first team's innings, as in that case both teams are equally aware of the number of overs they will face before starting their innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T10:10:22.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14077" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-27T11:20:43.027" Score="9" ViewCount="2307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/bigcount/allplayers.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Big Count&lt;/a&gt; about soccer/football, but no similar number for water polo by FINA or any other source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a reasonable guesstimate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If it improves the question, I can be more specific that I am most interested in counting all players from both genders, not only professionals, preferably also counting unregistered [but regular] players of all ages, alive and playing in 2016.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11610" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T04:04:19.997" LastActivityDate="2021-04-25T18:04:15.370" Title="How many people play water polo around the world?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|water-polo|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14073" CreationDate="2016-06-27T17:01:54.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be a mistake for pitchers to first with 100% frequency because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Would result in less pick offs as it would make the runner more cautious. From a game theory point of view, trying to pick off the batter less than 100% of the time is optimal as it will increase the likelihood of surprise and success (with the batter being less cautious than if the frequency was 100%)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fear of a balk call prevents this practice once the wind up has begun:&#xA;&quot;With runners on base, after the pitcher goes into his wind-up or makes any movement associated with delivering the ball to home plate, the pitcher must not interrupt his motion or the umpire can call a balk. A balk occurs when a pitcher tries to catch a runner off base with a pick-off throw after he has started his delivery to the batter.&quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-baseballs-balk-call-and-how-to-avoid.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-baseballs-balk-call-and-how-to-avoid.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is always a small risk of making a bad throw to first or the first baseman making an error instead of a catch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unlike other scenarios where there is not a full count or two outs already, one more strike will end the inning. Throwing one more strike should be the primary focus of the pitcher and is far easier to achieve statistically than picking off the batter on first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastEditorUserId="11600" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T20:08:55.547" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:08:55.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-27T19:36:22.000" Score="2" ViewCount="15285" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play highschool baseball and spend 100% of the time in outfield I can only throw 45 yards anything I can do to throw somewhere around 60 yards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11616" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T19:52:47.443" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T03:59:05.127" Title="How to throw farther" Tags="|baseball|technique|training|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14081" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-27T19:36:21.723" Score="5" ViewCount="4183" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not uncommon for a team, national or other, to have a coach that doesn't speak the mother tongue of most of the players. In this case, the normal solution is of course to use English as a kind of lingua franca. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how is the situation normally handled when the coach has one of two or more official languages as his/her mother tongue? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking of for example Marc Wilmots who coaches the Belgian national football team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see several viable solutions: using English, having assistant coaches translating, or even presuming that all involved understands one of the languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11613" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T07:06:58.643" Title="How does the coach communicate in multilingual national teams?" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14101" CreationDate="2016-06-27T19:36:52.483" Score="6" ViewCount="5836" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not an avid fan of football, but whenever I happen to watch a game that goes to extra time, the score doesn't change, and the game has to be decided by a shootout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often does extra time actually change the outcome of a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11615" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T11:48:48.007" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T10:41:18.757" Title="How often does extra time change the outcome of a game?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14081" CreationDate="2016-06-27T20:18:19.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sports (such as the Belgian football example you gave) do not have rules that are extremely complicated so hand signals and pointing can help players understand most instructions even with a lack of language fluency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some combination of the factors you mentioned (speaking a language that most players understand and expecting the others to learn or rely on assistant coaches and other translators as needed) are viable methods to help bridge the gap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the United States there have been many examples of foreign NBA players with limited knowledge of English. They have been able to function just fine and generally understand what the coaching staff is asking them to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T13:51:33.967" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T13:51:33.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14066" CreationDate="2016-06-27T20:18:35.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For three of the four major US sports leagues the players share the following percentage of revenue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL: 58%&#xA;NBA: 57%&#xA;MLB: 53%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0810/whos-cashing-in-on-pro-sports-revenue.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source found here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11484" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:18:35.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14081" CreationDate="2016-06-27T20:22:02.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In regards to some American sports leagues (NBA, for example) teams will supply an English &quot;teacher&quot; to the player that doesn't speak the language and will rely on the common language of sport. It is relatively easy for players to pick up on general concepts like &quot;shoot&quot;, &quot;dribble&quot;, etc. Eventually they will follow pointing, examples, and such until they learn more of the language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is possible for them to adjust with these archaic forms of communication it does cause problems in the full adjustment of players/teams so that will sometimes go into team selection, drafting, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11484" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:22:02.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14080" CreationDate="2016-06-27T20:25:39.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you are already using proper form when you throw, strength training will help your distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not have access to a weight room, body weight exercises such as push ups and pull ups will still be helpful&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing form:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BcXvjn2Do0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BcXvjn2Do0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bodyweight strength exercises if you do not have access to a weight room:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mensfitness.com/training/workout-routines/pullup-pushup-workout&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.mensfitness.com/training/workout-routines/pullup-pushup-workout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:25:39.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14082" CreationDate="2016-06-27T20:27:21.460" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your question you are assuming that overtime/extra time does not change the score. Therefore I will focus on the second part of your question about shootouts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shootout score is separate from the score from the game in regulation/extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some situations the winner of the shootout is the winner of the game, in other situation the match is still considered a draw. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scoring and importance of the shootout victor depend on the league. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In the calculation of UEFA coefficients, shoot-outs are ignored for club coefficients but not national team coefficients&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In the FIFA World Rankings, the base value of a win is three points; a win on penalties is two; a draw and a loss on penalties are one; a loss is zero&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)#Win_or_draw.3F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)#Win_or_draw.3F&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11600" LastEditorUserId="11600" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T20:32:57.520" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T20:32:57.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14080" CreationDate="2016-06-27T21:27:57.270" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to say without knowing your age, body type/build, and seeing your mechanics. Considering you can only throw 45 yds (135 ft. I am going to use ft. from now on because everything in baseball is measured in ft.) I can guess with almost 95% certainty that your issues are mechanical. 135 ft is only 8 ft. farther than home to second. If you are using a max-effort, crow-hop throw and cannot throw it out of the infield over second base from home plate, I have to believe that you have very inefficient energy transfer in your throwing mechanics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to note that strength and build can factor in as well, but has its limitations. Assuming that you are a normal, healthy, high-school-aged athlete, though, I am going to say that strength is not the core of this issue. The other important thing to keep in mind is that a baseball only weighs 5 ounces. Therefore, strength has a rather low point of diminishing returns on velocity  (hence why there are no MLB pitchers that look like body builders).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Key Takeaways:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get video - Seeing yourself and being able to slow your mechanics down frame-by-frame is invaluable to identifying and visualizing where you are going wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Evaluate your mechanics - get a coach (online or in-person) that knows what they're doing. If your coach does not use video.. find a new coach. Losses in energy transfer happen in fractions of a second, I don't care how long you've been coaching, you cannot see that with the naked eye - not to mention, there are literally hundreds of things to look for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;IMPROVE YOUR FLEXIBILITY&lt;/em&gt; - This so often gets ignored. Probably because doing yoga sounds lame, but I promise you, flexibility is incredibly important for velocity. The more torque you can create with hip/shoulder separation, and the more external rotation you can get out of your arm, the faster and further the ball is going to travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play long-toss at least 2 days per week - This trains your muscles for max-effort throwing. Also, different muscle groups are engaged when throwing long-toss (most similar to an outfield throw) than pitching off of a mound or throwing at normal distances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Continue to grow &amp;amp; get stronger - Like I said, strength does factor in here, and you will definitely improve velocity/distance as you get older, stronger, and grow into your body. That being said, it should not be your #1 point of emphasis, because until your mechanics are solid, you will always get more gains out of improving mechanics over improving strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10837" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T21:27:57.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14073" CreationDate="2016-06-27T21:40:46.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitchers throw over on full counts all the time.  There is nothing magical about what you are saying.  Yes the runner goes, but the runner hesitates until the pitcher is moving forward and then they run all out.  There is hardly ever a pick-off in this situation and is usually just so the runner doesn't hit second before the pitch get so the plate or just to waste a little time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T21:40:46.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9164" CreationDate="2016-06-27T21:56:59.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is really no &quot;baseball&quot; rule preventing you from doing this.  So the umpire will have to decide if the delay in the game is worth it.  You cannot have two gloves on the field at once so at some point you will have to run to dugout and come back.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a long time umpire, I would just simply tell you it isn't happening.  It is an unnatural delay in the game.  If I allowed everyone to do it half the game could be retrieving gloves.  What do I say to the SS that likes a different glove for lefties or the outfielder who wants a different glove to clog the infield... My simple answer would be no.  I will let you switch it once, then you are set.  But umpires can let you do whatever and maybe you could get away with it being a catcher.  If you have a good umpire though they will not let this kind of ridiculousness happen - what if the hitter had a different bat for each count variation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a more semantic approach - why would you choose a catcher's mitt?  Catching a foul tip or pop up is far far more likely of an occurrence vs. a super hard throw and close play at the plate.  Played catcher for years and the only reason I need a catcher's mitt is for hard thrown pitches and for when a guy is stealing (easy to get the ball out of catcher's mitt).  Since neither of those happen in softball your request is even more absurd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T21:56:59.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13764" CreationDate="2016-06-27T23:01:12.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is really no mechanism for an ejection to be overturned.  An ejection is usually done for unsportsmanlike behavior.  It is really at the umpires discretion.  There is also no mechanism nor any rule that would garner the league reviewing an objection.  In the NBA they have league rules that after so many tech/flagrant fouls you miss a game, in baseball there are no rules like this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the closest thing I can think of is George Brett's pine tar bat incident.  His home run was disallowed and then protested.  The Royals won the protest and the game restarted after his home run.  What most people probably don't realize is he was ejected from that game too - after the game was over.  So MLB ruled that their umpires were incorrect, causing the argument, and the damn game was over but his ejection that was never announced to him during the game was upheld by the league.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T23:01:12.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-28T01:12:09.617" Score="5" ViewCount="5059" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation: a runner on first with 1 out. The batter hit a ground ball to first, but the runner at that base stayed there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fielder grabbed the ball, tagged first base, then tagged the runner still occupying the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is he out because he never tried to advance? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11619" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-06-28T09:08:08.307" LastActivityDate="2022-09-25T19:02:39.230" Title="Runner stays on first: tagged out for not trying to advance?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14094" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-28T02:18:06.443" Score="2" ViewCount="3341" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tote&lt;/strong&gt; - The organisation appointed to receive bets and supply &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;dividends&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in proportion to the amount of the investment. A body in the UK set up to operate pool-betting on all racecourses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11620" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T12:50:07.267" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T14:32:18.177" Title="What does &quot;dividend&quot; mean in the context of betting?" Tags="|terminology|betting|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14094" CreationDate="2016-06-28T02:35:42.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;dividend&lt;/strong&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The amount that a winning or placed horse returns for every $1 bet by the bettor&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://horsebettingpicks.net/glossary/#d&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.offtrackbetting.com/horse-racing-terms.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ildado.com/horse_racing_glossary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your example, a Tote would distribute returns to applicable bettors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T02:35:42.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14093" CreationDate="2016-06-28T03:05:09.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the batter (who becomes a runner upon hitting the ground ball to first) is out and the runner originally on first is safe because the force play had been removed upon putting out the batter. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theoleballgame.com/runner-on-firstground-ball-to-second-the-runner-on-first-never-left-the-base-we-threw-to-first-to-force-the-batter-isnt-the-runner-on-first-supposed-to-vacate-the-base-ken.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; asking about a similar circumstance and this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2479/is-the-runner-on-first-forced-to-run&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about a batter being put out while the runner stayed on first also alludes to such. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is addressed under Rule 5.09(b)(6) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He or the next base is tagged before he&#xA;  touches the next base, after he has been forced to advance by reason&#xA;  of the batter becoming a runner. &lt;strong&gt;However, if a following runner is put&#xA;  out on a force play, the force is removed and the runner must be&#xA;  tagged to be put out.&lt;/strong&gt; The force is removed as soon as the runner&#xA;  touches the base to which he is forced to advance, and if he&#xA;  overslides or overruns the base, the runner must be tagged to be put&#xA;  out. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;force play&quot; and the example provided illustrate when the force is removed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FORCE PLAY is a play in which a runner legally loses his right&#xA;  to occupy a base by reason of the batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Example: Man on first, one out,&#xA;  ball hit sharply to first baseman who touches the bag and batter-runner&#xA;  is out. The force is removed at that moment and runner&#xA;  advancing to second must be tagged. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the runner on 1st is forced to vacate his base, as addressed under Rule 5.06(a)(1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A runner acquires the right to an unoccupied base when he touches it&#xA;  before he is out. He is then entitled to it until he is put out, or&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;forced to vacate it for another runner legally entitled to that base&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When is another runner legally entitled to first base? When he hits a fair ball. This is addressed under Rule 5.05(a)(1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The batter becomes a runner when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He hits a fair ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T03:05:09.860" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14098" CreationDate="2016-06-28T05:14:01.153" Score="2" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen both the teams reviewing on a Test/ODI match. So there could be two scenarios such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1) When the batsman is given out, and the batsman reviews against&#xA;it.&#xA;&#xA;2) When the batsman is not given out, the bowling team could review&#xA;it.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for example, it's an &lt;code&gt;LBW&lt;/code&gt; given for a batsman, and it's the umpire's call. The batsman tries to review it. When the third umpire sees the seam position, whether it has pitched in line and whether it's knocking the stumps. So if the batsman reviews this, what could be the reasons for the umpire to turn down this decision? ie: If it misses the stumps or pitching outside the line? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I would like to know the vice versa when, umpire gives it not out when the bowling team appeals and they take the review. What could be the scenarios if it should be given out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, does the standing umpire's call matter when a review is made? Can a dismissal be turned down due the on field umpire's call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice would be appreciated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T05:55:24.600" Title="How does the review work?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14097" CreationDate="2016-06-28T05:55:24.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without going into the specifics of each type of dismissal, the general principle is if there is doubt, the on field Umpire's call stands. The review has to be able to conclusively demonstrate that the Umpire was wrong in order to over-turn the decision. This is a different statement than the review simply makes the most likely decision, given the evidence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T05:55:24.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14082" CreationDate="2016-06-28T07:51:02.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know exactly &quot;how often&quot; the extra time will decide the game. But it does happen. A few prominent examples would be the Euro Cup Finals of 1996, because it was decided by a so called &quot;golden goal&quot; (with that rule in place, the match ends when one team scores a goal in extra time): &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1996_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 1996 Final&lt;/a&gt;. Another very recent example would be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WC final of 2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent example I can think of is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2016/matches/round=2000744/match=2017998/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;match between Croatia and Portugal in the round of 16 at the Euro 2016&lt;/a&gt;, which was decided in the 117th minute of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you are right, penalty shootouts are very common. I guess it's because no team want's to risk too much during extra time, because if you make a mistake you have very little time to correct it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why &quot;extra time&quot;/&quot;overtime&quot; was invented: Not too long ago a match would have to be replayed if no winner was found after 90 minutes. If a knockout match ended in a draw a rematch was scheduled a few days later. This led to various matches that had to be replayed more than a few times. Of course in today's tight schedule there often is no time for a rematch, so the &quot;extra time&quot; was invented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A penalty shootout was invented in the late 1970's. Before that, the winner of a match after a draw was decided by a coin flip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11621" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T07:51:02.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13826" CreationDate="2016-06-28T20:25:21.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One candidate for the greatest weight ever lifted is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBbRmuPTHNQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this 571.5kg squat by Donnie Thompson&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T20:25:21.377" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-06-28T20:25:21.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14082" CreationDate="2016-06-29T09:29:41.627" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Data, data, and data :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Went manually through the history of two major tournaments, the World Cup (main tournament only) and the European Championship (through round of 16 games in 2016).  It's probably reasonably fair to call these the two predominant national team cups to use extra time (Copa America has apparently typically gone straight to penalties except in the final?).  Wikipedia was used as the source.  While not the cleanest source, I've found it to be fairly reliable on such data, and the format facilitates looking through it quite well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those two tournaments, out of 82 matchups to go to extra time, 38 (46%) were decided in extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, counting games from the short with the golden goal policy (where the game would be automatically over when a team scored the first extra time goal, rather than finishing 120 minutes as is typical), is perhaps troubled (since it still could've still reverted to PKs with an opposing goal)... so a further breakdown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 games were won by golden goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;33/77 (43%) of the remaining games were won in extra time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;38/77 (49%) had no goals in extra time and went to&#xA;penalty kicks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;+4/77 (5%) went to penalties after both teams scored in extra time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;+1/77 was replayed after no score in the extra 30 minutes (the 1968 Euro Final, before penalty kicks)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;+1/77 was decided... by a coin toss (the 1968 semifinals) [can you imagine that!!!]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(There were plenty of cries about the remote possibility of a coin toss in the World Cup group stages a couple years ago.  And likewise when it is used to choose the home team for the rare single game MLB playoff qualifier.  But to choose who advances to the final?!?  And they call PKs a coin toss!  Also happened to notice... it just happened in the 2015 African Cup... where the second team to move on from Group D, after tying across the board, was indeed decided in this strange drawing of lots.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly surprising to me to see such parity between the two possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, 71 goals have been scored in those extra time games, 0.87 goals per extra time on average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That would extrapolate the extra time goal ratio out to be a 2.59 goals for a 90 minute match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The past five World Cups have had 2.49 goals per match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The past five Euros (well 4+) have had 2.40 goals per match  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to make sure it's not biased by older games, or that trends look to be changing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There've been 27 goals in the 40 extra time games of the past five of&#xA;each.  0.675 goals = 2.025 goals per regular game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A dropoff, but not a great one, especially considering these are the equally matched (weeds out badly matched blowouts).&#xA;And to reapply back to your initial question, in those past (almost) two decades, 17 of the 40 extra time games (43%) were decided in ET.  Though the sample size isn't amazing, and we also haven't looked at other competition levels, such as other national team tournaments, domestic team cups, or continental club competitions... it seems rather reasonable to at least estimate &lt;strong&gt;between about 30-60% of extra time matches are decided in the extra time period&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among those... the past two World Cup finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-07-02T10:41:18.757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T10:41:18.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3679" CreationDate="2016-06-29T14:29:23.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, the Argentine league is not split. Since 2014, there is one tournament again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting August 2014, the &amp;quot;Torneo de Transición&amp;quot; was held, with 20&#xA;teams participating (17 from the 2013–14 season and 3 promoted from&#xA;the 2013–14 Primera B Nacional). No teams were relegated at the end of&#xA;the championship.[26]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2015 the format switched to a tournament with 30 teams. The first&#xA;five clubs of the Zonas A &amp;amp; B of 2014 Primera B Nacional season&#xA;promoted to the Primera División. Those 10 teams, with the addition of&#xA;the 20 clubs currently participating in the top division, qualified to&#xA;contest the next season.[27]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That same year, the AFA announced the format for the next five seasons&#xA;of the Primera División:[28]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first half of 2016, the league will be contested between thirty&#xA;teams. Three teams will be relegated to and one team will be promoted&#xA;from Primera B Nacional. From August 2016 to June 2017, the league&#xA;will be contested between twenty-eight teams. Four teams will be&#xA;relegated to and two teams will be promoted from Primera B Nacional.&#xA;From August 2017 to June 2018, the league will be contested between&#xA;twenty-six teams. Four teams will be relegated to and two teams will&#xA;be promoted from Primera B Nacional. From August 2018 to June 2019,&#xA;the league will be contested between twenty-four teams. Four teams&#xA;will be relegated to and two teams will be promoted from Primera B&#xA;Nacional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Argentine First Division&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the reason it was split before in Argentina, it was to have more champions and make the league more profitable (more champions = more merchandising and stuff to sell.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="20388" LastEditDate="2020-10-15T11:15:56.830" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T11:15:56.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13970" CreationDate="2016-06-29T14:38:44.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can look up the D/L regulations and tables published by the ICC.  It only talks about balls remaining and wickets in hand as resources.  So free hits are not considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to model an end-of-game scenario like that accurately, you could arguably also want to consider who is on strike, who is bowling, whether you have any DRS reviews left, and so on.  That is clearly not feasible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="27" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T14:38:44.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-29T18:58:12.017" Score="8" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sources (such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/fifa-awards.html#gball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSSF&lt;/a&gt; ) lists the golden ball from the World cup to be awarded first time in 1978 or 1982. &#xA;However others (such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topendsports.com/events/worldcupsoccer/golden-ball.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.topendsports.com/events/worldcupsoccer/golden-ball.htm&lt;/a&gt; states it was awarded since 1930 ). In the fifa.com webpage once they were listed since 1982, but in some articles descriptions they state some players wining it before 1978 (such as Pelé in 1970) . Now official websites sometimes just upload information from articles in internet and not by a research or document from its own federation. When you look for photos of the golden ball prior to 1982, you can't find any photo. For example, you can't find a photo of Mario Kempes holding the supposed 1978 golden ball award, or a photo of Pelé holding the 1970 golden ball. Did the award really exist before 1982 or was just a &quot;best soccer of the tournament&quot; announcement that now we call golden ball ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T12:05:57.297" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T18:29:04.270" Title="Was there a golden ball award for the World cup prior 1978?" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-29T21:40:50.430" Score="0" ViewCount="658" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the phrase in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kihu.fi/urapolku/media/Amer.%20jalkapallo_511_DlinemanualSwantonHS2008.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2008 Swanton Bulldogs Defensive Line Manual&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Relentless Pursuit of the Football. Swarm and Stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bobcatnation.com/node/1529&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bobcatnation.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;EWU has stockpiled speed and young talent on defense and the departure of stalwarts like Ronnie Hamlin and Evan Day will give way to much more athletic playmakers who can swarm and stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Swarm&lt;/em&gt; suggests many players moving in a body or converging onto some place or someone, but I can’t tell which of these, if any, it means here. And what about &lt;em&gt;stick&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T22:51:45.103" Title="What does “swarm and stick” mean in American Football?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2016-06-30T09:44:50.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe this service can be useful for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.horseracingintfed.com/default.asp?section=Racing&amp;amp;area=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.horseracingintfed.com/default.asp?section=Racing&amp;amp;area=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a query form about horse racing, or you want a direct access on this database?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T09:44:50.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14113" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14115" CreationDate="2016-06-30T21:58:01.083" Score="1" ViewCount="4111" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalkeeper#Association_Football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt; article on goalkeepers&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper is the only player in the side who may use his or her hands and arms to catch, throw and save the ball, but only &lt;strong&gt;within the penalty area&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(boldface added, I'v edited the wiki page to solve the ambiguity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is however not clear to me whether the goalkeeper can only use his/her hands within the penalty area of his/her team or is he/she allowed to use his/her hands within the penalty area of the opponents team as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes goalkeepers effectively cross the field for instance to assist the team in a final corner, etc. I am wondering if the goalkeeper would be allowed to use his hands (for instance to catch the ball and throw it to the opponents goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone provide a reference whether this is allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9850" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-27T17:19:20.757" LastActivityDate="2019-04-27T17:19:20.757" Title="Can a goalkeeper use his/her hands within the opponents penalty area?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14108" CreationDate="2016-06-30T22:51:45.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;swarm&quot; in this case suggests the convergent movement of the defense to the ball or ball-carrier.  This is to emphasize the role of all teammates in the play, not just the one nearest the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &quot;stick&quot; suggests a well-executed tackle, where the defender reaches and stays with the ball carrier.  This is in contrast to a poor tackle where contact is made but the player bounces off or scrambles free.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T22:51:45.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14113" CreationDate="2016-06-30T22:53:59.577" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct says the following (emphasis mine on first bullet):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within &lt;strong&gt;their&lt;/strong&gt; penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Holds an opponent  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;impedes an opponent with contact&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;spits at an opponent  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the goalkeeper would not be in their own penalty area, but the penalty area of the other team. It would be a foul and the defending team would get a direct free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T16:40:14.153" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T16:40:14.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14118" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14121" CreationDate="2016-07-01T04:21:23.133" Score="1" ViewCount="50628" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read the updated &quot;power play&quot; rules which were modified in June 2016 on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerplay_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. But then have a slight confusion on when can the fielding team request for the power play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Mandatory powerplay (1–10 overs):In an uninterrupted match (i.e. 50&#xA;  overs), the first 10 overs of an innings will be a mandatory&#xA;  powerplay. During the mandatory powerplay only two fielders are&#xA;  allowed outside the 30-yard circle. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Between overs 11 and 40 a maximum of four fielders are allowed outside the 30-yard circle &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In the final 10 overs (41–50) a maximum of five fielders will be allowed to field outside the 30-yard circle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;P1&quot; is the mandatory power play (&quot;Bowling Powerplay&quot;) and what's P2? If so between which overs they can take it and how many overs is the second power play? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that last ten overs considered as a power play too? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-03T21:19:55.773" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T21:19:55.773" Title="Updated power play rules for an ODI?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14093" CreationDate="2016-07-01T04:25:38.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner on 1st is &lt;strong&gt;safe&lt;/strong&gt;. Making the 1st out out at 1st base removes the runner's obligation to vacate the base. The runner should have been tagged before touching the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened to the Red Sox in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Had Napoli taken a step off the base to receive the throw from Pedroia, he could have tagged Jackson -- and Jackson would have been out just the same as if he'd been running to second base. Napoli then could have stepped on first base to force out Hunter.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20130623/SPORTS/306239987&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20130623/SPORTS/306239987&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11636" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T04:25:38.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14118" CreationDate="2016-07-01T05:20:35.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The (Standard ODI) Playing Conditions quoted and cited are from July 2015. They were not updated recently to the time of asking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When playing under such conditions, there is no request for a power play by either team. The three power plays, the limits of which you have stated, are all mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ICC World Cup 2015 featured variance from the Standard. Clause 41.2.5 therein allowed for two power plays:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the mandatory P1 (overs 1 to 10)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the batting P2 (5 overs, completed no later than overs 36 to 40)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, there was no fielding power play, and one could not be requested at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T05:20:35.327" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14113" CreationDate="2016-07-01T07:00:10.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14115/3526&quot;&gt;has been pointed out&lt;/a&gt;, the goalkeeper may only deliberately handle the ball within their own penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, if the goalkeeper attempts to score a goal with their hands in the opponents' penalty area - as is likely in the scenario you have posed - not only would a direct free kick be awarded, but the goalkeeper would also be cautioned (shown the yellow card) for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016/17 Laws of the Game - 12.3 Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;handles the ball in an attempt to score a goal (whether or not the attempt is successful) or in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent a goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T07:00:10.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14125" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-01T09:06:46.177" Score="3" ViewCount="4386" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened at the bottom of the 5th inning between Baltimore and Seattle &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/mlb/boxscore?id=360630112&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;on June 30, 2016&lt;/a&gt;. With the bases fully loaded, a batter hit the ball to the right field and the third base runner scored a run, but the second base runner started late because he thought the ball could be caught by the right fielder and got forced out on the third base. The batter was not the one who was forced out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand is why it is not counted as a hit? I have been looking for a relevant rule, but I couldn't find it. Can you explain why it isn't a hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T12:45:59.557" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T03:41:06.003" Title="Why isn't it counted as a hit in baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-01T09:09:28.373" Score="1" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been competing in my local club racing for about a year now, I'm struggling to get to grips (excuse the pun) with late braking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently I'm braking very early, getting all the braking done in a straight line while fully upright and the turning in once I've completed my braking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read up quite a bit on the finer points of trail braking. What are some appropriate techniques and methods to practise it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11638" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T12:26:05.130" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T12:26:05.130" Title="Motorcycle Track Racing - Late Braking" Tags="|road-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14125" CreationDate="2016-07-01T09:36:12.070" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 9.05(b)(1)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official scorer shall not credit a base hit when a runner is forced out by a batted ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;third base runner scored a run&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is incorrect. The runner may have reached home base before the out was made, but no run is scored. Quoting from Rule 5.08:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made [...] by any runner being forced out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T09:36:12.070" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14129" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14130" CreationDate="2016-07-01T15:36:02.830" Score="3" ViewCount="808" Body="&lt;p&gt;A penalty shootout involves a best of 5, with 5 different players (who finished the match) from each team taking shots, alternating. If both teams score the same number of goals, it goes to a sudden death, where the team that scores more goals than the opposing team within the same number of shots wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the number of eligible players is different between the teams? Wouldn't a shooter be unmatched with a shooter from the opposing team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T20:26:41.840" LastActivityDate="2020-12-05T21:46:45.353" Title="Penalty shootout with unequal number of players?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14129" CreationDate="2016-07-01T15:53:07.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The team with more players nominates someone not to take a kick, thus ensuring an even number of players taking kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_14_the_penalty_kick_en_47369.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;slide 28 on this PDF from fifa.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T15:53:07.517" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14125" CreationDate="2016-07-01T19:03:03.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK. This actually happens a lot more than people think. The most likely case is with a runner on first. The ball is hit so hard into the outfield the fielder gets to it in a matter of seconds. This makes it very difficult to make it to 2nd in time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the game you are talking about its like a sacrifice ground ball. Say the batter hit a ground ball to third or short and the fielder went to 3rd and got the force out but the run still scored. This would be considered a fielder's choice with the batter receiving a RBI. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though the ball was hit to the outfield they still went to third and it would be scored a fielder's choice with an RBI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11643" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T19:14:05.373" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T19:14:05.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14080" CreationDate="2016-07-01T19:10:03.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Weights will not have a direct affect on how hard or how far you throw a baseball. Look at Chris Sale for example, skin and bones and throws mid to high 90's. A lot of it is technique and skill, but, the thing I can suggest that gives the most progress is long toss every single day. Get used to having your body provide power in the throw. One thing I always thought about when doing long toss is feeling your body almost guide your arm. When you start dont focus on trying to fling your arm as fast as you can, focus on the movement and let your arm follow. Also, work on the crow hop, done right the crow hop alone adds 30 to 40 feet to your throw. And like I said everyday, it builds muscle memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11643" LastEditorUserId="11643" LastEditDate="2016-07-07T20:23:38.327" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T20:23:38.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14133" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14162" CreationDate="2016-07-01T20:19:17.930" Score="-3" ViewCount="20956" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know of a few players who won at least 2 world cups, &#xA;Pele, Garrincha, Didi, Vava, Giusseppe Meassa, Daniel Passarella, Ronaldo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are there more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2021-10-11T12:57:30.170" Title="Players who won at least 2 world cups?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22719" CreationDate="2016-07-01T20:58:53.047" Score="2" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was said than one of the last Real Madrid vs Barcelona was watched by 600 millions persons. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/2015/11/20/futbol/madrid-barcelona/1448027329.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Audience Real Madrid vs Barcelona FC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the largest audience for a sport match or are there F1 or other sport matches which has a larger audience?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T21:47:30.807" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T21:13:03.293" Title="Largest audience for a sport match?" Tags="|football|media|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14134" CreationDate="2016-07-01T21:51:53.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to FIFA, seems that more than 715 million people watched the 2014 World Cup Final &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ibtimes.com/super-bowl-2016-how-many-countries-will-watch-carolina-panthers-vs-denver-broncos-2296360&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I believe that this events has a large audience than that match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T21:51:53.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5657" CreationDate="2016-07-02T04:19:04.790" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is that the player who wins the toss can either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choose to serve or receive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choose his initial end, which gives the opponent the choice of serving or receiving.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Give the opponent the choice between (1) and (2). This is rarely done but I've seen it, and done it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;JS Connors almost invariably chose to receive first, on the theory that he liked his return better than his own serve. You see other players do it from time to time. I've done in situations where I was very confident about breaking in the first game. Whatever is most calculated to get you 2-0, basically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3762" LastEditorUserId="3762" LastEditDate="2016-07-02T06:25:41.833" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T06:25:41.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5626" CreationDate="2016-07-02T04:22:30.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bill Tilden speaks about doing an analysis like this in &lt;em&gt;Match Play and the Spin of the Ball&lt;/em&gt;. His conclusion then, surprisingly, was that any proficient tennis player is at least even money to win from 0-40.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3762" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T04:22:30.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14142" CreationDate="2016-07-02T05:51:01.543" Score="5" ViewCount="889" Body="&lt;p&gt;In attempting to field a foul popup, a fielder leans over the railing of his own dugout.  Suppose his teammates  and/or coaches in the dugout support him with their hands, to keep him from falling over the railing, and he makes the catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal?  If not, is there any penalty other than considering the catch not to have been made (making it just a foul ball)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 6.01(b) says that the team &lt;em&gt;at bat&lt;/em&gt; must get out of the way of a fielder trying to catch a ball, even in their own dugout; and if they hinder the fielder, the batter can be called out.  But I didn't see any rule that applies to the fielder's own teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T03:50:28.710" Title="Dugout players assisting a fielder" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5626" CreationDate="2016-07-02T14:30:00.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;See if this sheds any light on it...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as the odds of winning any point stays the same throughout a game, then it's just a math problem... and calculations\graphs can be made.  Since the exact advantage of serving is unknown (and varies by location, weather, gender, etc), and to also allow relative player skill to be factored in, graphs are made to show the spectrum of possibilities.  Then some data for actual serve advantage is considered to attempt to more directly answer your question...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The graph below shows how much a player's odds of winning would change from the start of the game to deuce:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IB9dA.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IB9dA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look across for the player skill level.  0.6 = a player with a 60% chance of winning each point.  His change is about -0.04, or a reduction of about 4% chance of winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The graph shows that the odds fall for a favored player, and go up for the inferior (or receiving) player.  Makes sense.  But it shows it's not really by a ton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more reasonable picture is really comparative odds...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wLf4u.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wLf4u.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar idea.  This one just shows what your odds are relative to where they started.  So for a player that is 3 times better than his opponent (= a 75% initial chance of winning any point)... he would fall to just... 95% of his starting chance of winning the game if he is drawn out to deuce.  His chance of winning was about 94.5% before starting, and is down to a 90% chance of winning when extended to deuce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worse case situation, a player is still 93% as likely to win a game as they were at the start.  And the greatest absolute chance lost is only about a 6% chance of winning.  &lt;em&gt;The odds of winning don't change much.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked more for the estimated benefit of serving.  Although the results of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.onlinetennisinstruction.com/win-more-with-one-statistic/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.onlinetennisinstruction.com/win-more-with-one-statistic/&lt;/a&gt; are perhaps shaky (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5657/in-tennis-is-there-any-advantage-to-decline-the-opening-serve&quot;&gt;Related Question&lt;/a&gt;), the information there from Wimbledon says men win somewhere in the 80-82% range of service games, and women win only 62-66%.  So the odds drop to around 78% and 60% if the game extends to deuce.  Still a very heavy majority for the server.  [Note that the Wimbledon statistics still don't give the true serving advantage, since many Wimbledon matches are still unevenly matched players.  But at least it allows us to say that in any random Wimbledon match, that would be the chance of the server winning a given service game.  But unfortunately it can't just be combined with relative player strengths.  Perhaps we could get a better estimate by looking only at matches that went to 5 sets, or between ones matching similar seeds!?!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can take a closer look at the graphs and equations used at&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ovvvauptv4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ovvvauptv4&lt;/a&gt; (as long as they are available).  The green is the initial odds of winning a game, the blue is the new odds at deuce.  The red is the change in odds.  And the orange is the comparative chance.  (I used 10 deuces, the change beyond that is minuscule)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, this neglects things like psychological factors.  It also excludes any impact from alternating ad and deuce courts.  But I don't think either should have HUGE impacts.  Would be great to compare to reality.  But long story short, the result is: &lt;strong&gt;Win probability does not fall greatly when the game is extended to deuce.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your second question, as to whether a returner with advantage becomes favored... a similar graph shows that &lt;strong&gt;a player would need at least a 35% chance of winning any given point to be favored to win the game after taking advantage&lt;/strong&gt;.  So based upon those Wimbledon numbers, a female that gets to a break point is slightly favored to win the game... but a male is still the slight underdog even at advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Being favored to win the break will always equate to being favored to win the set (and match) for any evenly matched players at any unbroken, even set score)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yZosD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yZosD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that sheds some light on your questions.  It's all theoretical statistics rather than match data, but it appears to be fairly concretely applicable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T14:30:00.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14140" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-02T16:40:23.720" Score="6" ViewCount="444" Body="&lt;p&gt;So we're all surprised that we haven't had a young teenager shake the game for a while now but only one person under 25 in the top ten! The combined age of the top ten is 289 with an average of 29! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is if this is the oldest top ten of the ATP ranking in history, both in terms of the average and combined age. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10580" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-09T04:50:36.213" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T04:50:36.213" Title="Is this the oldest top ten in history?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|history|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14145" CreationDate="2016-07-02T18:08:29.873" Score="5" ViewCount="1881" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a game theory perspective, I'm trying to find the optimal strategy for selecting penalty kick takers. Anecdotally (and I hope to quantify this relationship later) I've heard that it's always advantageous to shoot first because each player on the second team can face additional pressure coming from behind at each round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are managers allowed to adjust their selection of shooters as a result of learning that they will be going first or second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they submit the list immediately following the conclusion of extra time and before the coin flip, or after the coin flip and before the kicks begin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11644" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-02T21:09:28.343" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T08:50:11.503" Title="Do managers select their kick takers after learning which team will shoot first?" Tags="|rules|football|strategy|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14138" CreationDate="2016-07-02T23:42:23.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can catch a teammate after they catch the ball to keep them from getting injured.  Even if an opposing player tried to catch someone to keep them from getting injured, this is fair - umpires call on intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if a teammate assists/helps before the catch is made I am calling interference every single time.  It is simply &quot;interference&quot; which can be called on an out or safe call and can go either way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The section below is included in the definition of a catch in the MLB rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Catch) Comment: A catch is legal if the ball is finally held by any&#xA;  fielder, even though juggled, or held by another fielder before it&#xA;  touches the ground. Runners may leave their bases the instant the&#xA;  first fielder touches the ball. A fielder may reach over a fence,&#xA;  railing, rope or other line of demarcation to make a catch. He may&#xA;  jump on top of a railing, or canvas that may be in foul ground. No&#xA;  interference should be allowed when a fielder reaches over a fence,&#xA;  railing, rope or into a stand to catch a ball. He does so at his own&#xA;  risk. If a fielder, attempting a catch at the edge of the dugout, is&#xA;  “held up” and kept from an apparent fall by a player or players of&#xA;  either team and the catch is made, it shall be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very specific comment but just speaks to the line between assist and interference on a play.  Also refer to Section 6.01(d) that is about Unintentional Interference.  Most oddball cases of interference concerning players or coaches (not fans - which there is a clear rule for) fall under Unintentional Interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as an umpire we know that coaches/players can act as a wall by dugout steps - which the quote above clearly instructs.  But all umpires are instructed also that to use the Unintentional Interference rules to make decisions on things like this.  If there was &quot;help&quot; before they catch it, then we don't know if it would have been caught or not.  Therefore no catch.  But that is the umpire clearly saying there was &quot;help&quot;.  It is really a judgement decision.  I know that in MLB they are a lot more forgiving on this rule (maybe because players are worth a lot more) than they are in the college or high school games.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally have called a bunch of college games... I had one batted ball that went into the defenses dugout and players held him up - but beyond dugout stairs, and luckily for me he dropped it.  I would have had to take the catch away because they clearly gave the player another couple of feet in the air - not formed a wall.  Now if it was the opposing teams dugout as long as intent is good once you hit the dugout area even if their clumsiness caused the flyball I wouldn't label it interference unless it was intentional.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note - and maybe a great trivia question because maybe one of those things that has never happened in MLB - that if the opposing team assists too much to help a fielder it is also Unintentional Interference and umpires if doing their job by the book should call the play dead with no catch.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-07-04T03:50:28.710" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T03:50:28.710" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-03T07:00:47.823" Score="4" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several players will miss the Euro Cup semifinals because they have amassed 2 yellow cards in the first 5 matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would happen if all 23 players had amassed 2 yellow cards? Would the semifinal be a walk over to the other team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11646" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T20:23:59.857" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T20:23:59.857" Title="What if an entire team is suspended for amassing 2 yellow cards each?" Tags="|rules|football|euro|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14143" CreationDate="2016-07-03T17:07:33.300" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 3.1 - Number of players&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A match may not start or continue if either team has fewer than seven players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So only 17 players would need to amass 2 yellow cards in order to forfeit the next match. The team with fewer than 7 players would forfeit the match 3 goals in favour of the opposing team (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3994/7651&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is possible because all players on the field of play, including substitutes, can be disciplined under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T15:18:27.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14141" CreationDate="2016-07-04T00:32:39.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kick takers are selected from the players on the field at the end of the match (either at full time, or if extra time was used, then after extra time). From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the IFAB Law 10&lt;/a&gt;, with added emphasis on a phrase of special importance,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee tosses a coin ... and the team that wins the toss decides whether to take the first or second kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the exception of a substitute for an injured goalkeeper, only players who are on the field of play or are temporarily off the field of play (injury, adjusting equipment, etc.) at the end of the match are eligible to take kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team is responsible for selecting from the eligible players the order in which they will take the kicks. &lt;strong&gt;The referee is not informed of the order.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also in the same Law, with similar emphasis added,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If at the end of the match and &lt;strong&gt;before or during the kicks&lt;/strong&gt; one team has a greater number of players than its opponents, it must reduce its numbers to the same number as its opponents and the referee must be informed of the name and number of each player excluded. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement to name the order at any point, only to adhere to the conditions outlined in the procedure for kicks from the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you could delay selecting the specific player to take a given shot in the sequence until it is time to actually take that shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, there is no concern over whether the order will be suboptimal based on the coin toss. Instead, managers are faced with a much more dynamic and complex situation: choosing the most optimal order &lt;em&gt;from this point onwards&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;before every individual shot&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T08:50:11.503" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14140" CreationDate="2016-07-04T01:08:03.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/08/tennis-players-age-youngest-oldest-win-grand-slam-top-10-teenagers-over-30-federer-serena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; article articulates your point and provides some of the data you might be looking for with both the male (ATP) and female (WTA) tours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of now (July 2016) there is only one teenager ranked inside the top 50 in the world on the ATP World Tour - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/alexander-zverev/z355/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alexander Zverev&lt;/a&gt; at a ranking of 28. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/dominic-thiem/tb69/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dominic Thiem&lt;/a&gt; is also currently a notable youngster since he is ranked #8 at the age of 22. Both Zverev and Thiem have jumped to their current career-high rankings recently though, so they are not likely to factor into many &quot;average age&quot; calculations done on the age of top 10 or top 50 players unless those calculations were performed on recent rankings data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an avid fan and follower of the sport of Tennis, I can say that the trend of the top players being older in age does not surprise me that much given the relatively recent advances in many areas of the sport in regards to fitness, strategy, strings and global competition. These are all things that get tweaked and refined to perfection over years of trial and error. Not to mention players adjusting to the demands the sport puts on them by the media, long schedule and travelling all over the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fitness&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the ridiculously long schedule Tennis players endure, today's top players are training year-round. They've also put in the time to know exactly how much to train without over-training and have developed highly specific training routines that science has shown to benefit the skills in demand for tennis players like optimal breathing patterns (no joke), balance, hand-eye coordination, core strength &amp;amp; stability, etc. Today's top players are also making use of recovery techniques that weren't known of or available to top players in the past such as ice baths, oxygen rich recovery chambers, Kinesio tape and more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Younger players don't have the benefit of a sort of &lt;em&gt;wisdom&lt;/em&gt; that older players have obtained from having already played on the tour for years. The more matches and different opponents you have under your belt, the more you know about an opponent's tendencies (and weaknesses). The more veteran players are also more likely to have a coach helping them scout opponents. Tennis is also a sport where knowing &lt;em&gt;yourself&lt;/em&gt; well is a benefit to the mental aspect the sport brings with it. Knowing your own tendencies and bad habits are key in helping you avoid mistakes. In pro tennis the margins between victory and defeat are commonly so thin that the player usually making fewer mistakes determines the winner and loser.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luxilon and polyester strings have changed the way players can hit the ball - especially on the service return - without worrying as much about the ball going out. These strings didn't hit the market until the late 90's - right when players like Federer and Roddick started their professional careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Global Competition&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis has players hailing from many more countries now than it used to. Back in the 80's and 90's, tennis players from Serbia hardly existed, let alone atop the rankings. Now you have the top player in the world being Serbian as well as multiple players in the top 100 from smaller European countries like Serbia, Portugal, Czech Republic and Croatia, as well as Asian countries like Japan and China starting to produce top players (e.g Kei Nishikori). Although I don't have any hard evidence backing up my opinion on this - I think this makes it tougher for young pros to reach the top of the rankings as they have more travelling and conditions to acclimate to on their ascent to the top. Big tournaments in cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Tokyo are also now a thing that didn't exist in pro tennis a couple of decades ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T01:08:03.323" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14149" CreationDate="2016-07-04T03:08:21.817" Score="16" ViewCount="4895" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did Jesse Owens want to shake Hitler's hand and get their photo together and, if so, did Hitler really snub him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking this based on a movie I'm watching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11604" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-04T05:46:50.320" LastActivityDate="2019-01-30T02:47:30.463" Title="Did Adolf Hitler really snub Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin?" Tags="|history|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14147" CreationDate="2016-07-04T04:16:41.597" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Owens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jesse Owens&lt;/a&gt; was snubbed by who?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Everyone knows that at the 1936 Olympics Hitler snubbed Jesse Owens. As the story goes, after Owens won one gold medal, Hitler, incensed, stormed out of Olympic Stadium so he wouldn't have to congratulate Owens on his victory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The facts are simple. Hitler did not congratulate Owens, but that day he didn't congratulate anybody else either, not even the German winners. As a matter of fact, Hitler didn't congratulate anyone after the first day of the competition. That first day he had shaken hands with all the German victors, but that had gotten him in trouble with the members of the Olympic Committee. They told him that to maintain Olympic neutrality, he would have to congratulate everyone or no one. Hitler chose to honor no one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hitler did snub a black American athlete, but it was Cornelius Johnson, not Jesse Owens.&lt;/strong&gt; It happened the first day of the meet. Just before Johnson was to be decorated, Hitler left the stadium. A Nazi spokesman explained that Hitler's exit had been pre-scheduled, but no one believes that. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/571&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adolf Hitler, Jesse Owens and the Olympics Myth of 1936.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hitler seems to have snubbed both men, but Cornelius Johnson was snubbed first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon his return to the USA, Jesse Owens had this to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;When I came back to my native country, after all the stories about Hitler, I couldn't ride in the front of the bus,&quot; Owens told ESPN. &quot;I had to go to the back door. I couldn't live where I wanted. I wasn't invited to shake hands with Hitler, but I wasn't invited to the White House to shake hands with the president, either.&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bet.com/news/global/2013/08/03/did-hitler-really-snub-jesse-owens-at-1936-berlin-olympics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Did Hitler Really Snub Jesse Owens at 1936 Berlin Olympics?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jesse Owens deserved better!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those interested, here is a YouTube documentary on it: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1inifMJ0xio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jesse Owens at the Berlin Olympics in 1936&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10831" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2019-01-30T02:47:30.463" LastActivityDate="2019-01-30T02:47:30.463" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14147" CreationDate="2016-07-04T06:08:37.417" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Owens, a lifelong member of the Republican party, said &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Hitler didn't snub me - it was [FDR] who snubbed me. The president&#xA;  didn't even send me a telegram,&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;at a Republican rally in October, 1936. You could say he was not snubbed based on his own words, though I think his words may have been a little politically motivated and not representative of his thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Owens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, a journalist named Siegfried Mischner claims that Owens showed him a picture of Owens and Hitler shaking hands hoping the journalist would &quot;change the accepted version of history&quot; of that day. This, however, is very unlikely given no photo has ever surfaced and that it contradicts some of Owens's own statements. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11650" LastEditorUserId="11650" LastEditDate="2016-07-25T05:53:29.910" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T05:53:29.910" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15891" CreationDate="2016-07-04T06:52:23.450" Score="6" ViewCount="2302" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who is assisting the goal, if a player [1] passes the ball to a teammate [2], who is missing the ball on purpose and is leaving it for a third player, who scores? For example, who is assisting the fourth goal of Antoine Griezmann from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2016/matches/round=2000449/match=2017904/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 2016 quarter-finals (France 5 - 2 Iceland)&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T10:31:39.900" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T19:37:57.070" Title="Who is awarded the assist when a receiving player deliberately leaves the ball for another player, who scores?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14153" CreationDate="2016-07-04T08:10:29.960" Score="5" ViewCount="2240" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find mention of anything about the receiver being ready or not when the serve takes place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have known a lot of players that hustle the speed of the game somewhat, repeatedly serving when the receiver is not 100% ready. For example, they are only halfway through bending down into their ideal receive position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should this be handled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T17:18:16.157" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T17:18:16.157" Title="What are the rules if the receiver isn't ready for the serve in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14152" CreationDate="2016-07-04T11:29:04.267" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under rule 9 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.killerspin.com/spin-info-table-tennis-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the source at Killerspin.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rally is a let:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.2&lt;/strong&gt; If the service is delivered when the receiving player or pair is not ready, provided that neither the receiver nor his partner attempts to strike the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule is self-explanatory: the rally is not scored. As no point has been awarded, service will not change, so the serving player must serve again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a consistent pattern of such actions, the same source further gives this rule 18:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.2.1&lt;/strong&gt; Players and coaches shall refrain from conduct that may unfairly affect an opponent, offend spectators or bring the game into disrepute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An umpire who deems the actions to breach the above rule, in particular that repeatedly serving early is &amp;quot;conduct that may unfairly affect an opponent&amp;quot; has a number of sanctions available, which are listed in the remainder of rule 18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They include sequentially: a warning, the award of a point, the award of two points together (&lt;em&gt;18.2.3&lt;/em&gt;), and suspension of play preceding a report to the referee (&lt;em&gt;18.2.4&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee has the sanction available of disqualifying the player from the match, event or tournament (&lt;em&gt;18.2.7&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T11:29:04.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14140" CreationDate="2016-07-04T15:26:07.617" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the blog &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.ft.com/ftdata/2015/11/22/next-generation-mens-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Where is the next generation in men’s tennis?&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20151125131944/http://blogs.ft.com/ftdata/2015/11/22/next-generation-mens-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) written by John Burn-Murdoch (FT Data) in November 2015: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The average age of the ATP top 10 is 29.7 — the highest it has ever been — with an unprecedented five of its current members aged over 30.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a graph provided in the blog showing average age of Top 10 since 2000:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xqs8T.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xqs8T.png&quot; alt=&quot;Average age of ATP top 10&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although they do not provide the data used for that stat, I am inclined to believe the claims from that article. So it really seems that we are close to the historical peek.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal guess is that the average age might have dropped recently, after David Ferrer (34) got out of Top 10. And then it dropped again a bit after relatively young Dominic Thiem (22) entered Top 10, following French Open - where he reached his first Grand Slam semifinals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last ranking in which David Ferrer was in Top 10 is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankDate=2016-05-09&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;May 5 2016&lt;/a&gt;. If the calculations &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/18MZyOFBoRvVH2fzoDIEUR9Xj-aIs82jCYTGIqjWufKU/edit?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; are correct, the average age in top 10 from that date was 30.15.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-09T04:45:13.017" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T04:45:13.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13721" CreationDate="2016-07-05T17:25:14.983" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two good answers here that raise good points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no uniformity across sports because the incentives are different in different sports. Canadian Coder's answer about MLB is a good explanation of why MLB's testing structure is much different from that of, say, swimming or cycling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the sports which &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; test extensively, as Fillet explains, in-competition testing &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; carried out in exactly the way you describe, actually even more extensively (e.g. there have been world championships and Olympics where literally every competitor has been tested at the venue), but because of the way the benefits of doping are accrued, in-competition testing is not sufficient by itself to detect doping. Out-of-competition testing - at times which are unpredictable to the athlete - is &lt;em&gt;essential&lt;/em&gt; for detecting doping. (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://rw.runnersworld.com/selects/eddy.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;John Brant's excellent piece on Eddy Hellebuyck&lt;/a&gt; for details on how a doper evaded testing for years.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of what you're seeing in the news these days is driven by two problems which aren't solved by comprehensive in-competition testing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One is accessibility of athletes for out-of-competition testing, which is an issue in e.g. East Africa, where many elite distance runners train. Maintaining the infrastructure needed to get samples and test them in an unpredictable way is expensive, and despite some significant investment (e.g. by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/news/wmm/show/abbott-world-marathon-majors-statement-on-sunday-times-reports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Marathon Majors&lt;/a&gt;) there still needs to be more funding to do this properly. Much of the negative news about Kenya from WADA has to do with the lack of testing infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other problem - and this is what we're seeing from Russia - is the presence (or rumored presence) of state-sponsored structures which facilitate doping on a national level. If anti-doping &quot;agents&quot; (for lack of a better word) are simply testing individual athletes, that's one thing; if they're contending with an entire system which is coordinating evasion of out-of-competition testing, that's entirely another. And the stories coming out of Russia about evasion of testing are real James Bond stuff: local police detaining testers in order to give athletes time to get away, or to invalidate the samples either environmentally (keeping them from being refrigerated) or by breaking the chain of custody, athletes giving their whereabouts as in closed &quot;military cities&quot; to prevent surprise visits from testers, etc. When the full apparatus of the state is employed in protecting dopers, the &quot;arms race&quot; between cheaters and anti-doping officials becomes very expensive, underlining Canadian Coders' point about finances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the short answer to your question: in-competition testing happens and is pretty comprehensive, but it's not enough and the implications of closing the gaps are all expensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T17:25:14.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14151" CreationDate="2016-07-07T06:54:30.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/team/france/478/blog/post/2904889/euro-2016-oliver-giroud-antoine-griezmann-earn-9-10-in-convincing-win-vs-iceland&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; (still not an official source),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FW Olivier Giroud, 9 -- Having done everything but score against the&#xA;  Irish, Giroud was rewarded for his perseverance here. The Arsenal&#xA;  target man opened the scoring with a clinical finish and scored his&#xA;  second with an easy header. It was also the 29-year-old who &lt;strong&gt;assisted&#xA;  Griezmann&lt;/strong&gt; for his goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T19:37:57.070" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T19:37:57.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14133" CreationDate="2016-07-07T07:00:57.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been 21 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_players_who_have_won_multiple_FIFA_World_Cups&quot;&gt;players who have won multiple FIFA World Cups&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pelé – 1958, 1962, 1970&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cafu – 1994, 2002&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hilderaldo Bellini – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlos José Castilho – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Didi – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Djalma Santos – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Garrincha – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gilmar – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mauro – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nílton Santos – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pepe – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vavá – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mário Zagallo – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Zito – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Zózimo – 1958, 1962&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ronaldo – 1994, 2002&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Giovanni Ferrari – 1934, 1938&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Guido Masetti – 1934, 1938&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Giuseppe Meazza – 1934, 1938&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eraldo Monzeglio – 1934, 1938&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daniel Passarella – 1978, 1986&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-07-07T11:46:20.347" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T11:46:20.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-07T09:29:19.350" Score="4" ViewCount="4383" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are no balls on the table, other than the eight ball and the cue ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to win the game, does the player have to shoot the cue ball down the table to hit the eight ball or can the player shoot the eight ball to the nearest pocket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-07-07T11:42:58.893" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T03:22:41.513" Title="When playing pool, where can I shoot the eight ball to win?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14270" CreationDate="2016-07-07T09:44:03.970" Score="2" ViewCount="7402" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recent Austrian Grand Prix, Nico Rosberg was adjudged to have caused a collision with Lewis Hamilton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was penalised 10 seconds (added to his race time) which in effect meant he lost nothing, no points etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has been given as a punishment to other drivers in the past for a similar transgression of the rules and are the FIA being consistent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-07T09:51:39.953" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T06:19:36.393" Title="F1 Penalty for &quot;Causing a collision&quot;" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14163" CreationDate="2016-07-07T09:50:06.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thinking that the application be referred to the game &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;eights-ball&lt;/a&gt;, the Regulation provides that the black ball is pocketed after you holed out his 7 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=114&amp;amp;pagetype=rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Pool-Billiard Association&lt;/a&gt; after having pocketed all their balls 7 is necessary, pocket the 8 ball (hit with the cue ball) in the declared hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several variants of this type of game with special rules, but the standard is what is written above&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T09:50:06.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14167" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-08T05:54:38.333" Score="3" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 7 July 2016 during the match &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase#Germany_vs_France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany-France&lt;/a&gt; for Euro 2016 at minute 72 Pogba has disoriented the defender Mustafi with a body move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would like to know if this movement has a particular name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add the link to a video as soon as I find it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goal be seen on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UayIQoI9eHg&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=107&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; from official UEFA youtube channel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:05:35.477" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:05:35.477" Title="What is the name of Pogba's body swerve played on Mustafi?" Tags="|football|terminology|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14173" CreationDate="2016-07-08T10:26:14.907" Score="5" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which competition (or team, if relevant) was the first to print each player's name on the uniform? Was there a specific reason given to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both questions are independent of specific sports. The first one I'm asking out of historical interest. The second is because I see little point in printing players' names when they already have identifying numbers (other than selling replica uniforms, which is, as far as I know, a practice that postdates the introduction of named uniforms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T11:17:15.150" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T18:13:58.077" Title="Player's name on uniform: when and why did it start?" Tags="|equipment|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14231" CreationDate="2016-07-08T11:06:41.813" Score="6" ViewCount="1377" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/hb.asp?s_number=2.06&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt;, the rule about diagonal serves only applies to doubles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then, touches directly the receiver's court; &lt;strong&gt;in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following example, where it is assumed that all ITTF rules are followed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had served several balls/points diagonally, but in the next serve, while maintaining the same stance and position as I had in prior serves, I serve the ball to the other side of the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this be considered bad sportsmanship?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do professionals do this in matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be great to see e.g. videos of this happening to get an idea of how it happens in official matches, if at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4957" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2022-03-13T11:44:29.170" LastActivityDate="2022-03-13T11:44:29.170" Title="In singles table tennis, is it considered bad sportsmanship to intentionally serve deceptively, even if following the ITTF rules?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|etiquette|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14175" CreationDate="2016-07-08T11:16:50.097" Score="6" ViewCount="2039" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was checking up on some squash rules and realised that I have never really grasped the difference between stroke and let in squash. Especially if there is no dedicated ref, how do you go about deciding these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiUKarLetAA&quot;&gt;Here's an interesting video&lt;/a&gt;, where three events: let, stroke and no-let happen during some match, but they looked pretty much the same to me. Could someone explain why the calls are made in that way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T19:23:57.140" Title="Differences between stroke and let" Tags="|rules|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2487" CreationDate="2016-07-08T11:17:43.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also the fact that, &lt;em&gt;in the general case&lt;/em&gt;, football is a relatively open-ended sport. Baseball is a statistics-friendly sport because there is only a relatively small number of things that can happen, and mostly they are the kinds of things that statistics is well-suited to study. In football, you have many more options at any given point, and often you have to pick one very quickly (e.g., the ball is coming to you! do you play it on the first touch? do you control it and then play it? do you pass it immediately or carry it forward on your own? which foot are you going to use? whatever you do, is it a good decision taking into account the state of the game and the position of other teammates/opponents?). Statistics is much harder when you don't have clearly staticizable data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give you an example, Real Madrid's president let Makelele go in summer 2003, on the grounds that he didn't have good statistics ---i.e., he didn't score goals, he didn't provide assists, he was too short to be dominant in the air, he mostly played short easy passes, etc. This happened even though his teammates constantly pointed out that he was the one key player that made everything happen as it was supposed to (a largely unquantifiable ability). After his departure, Real Madrid went from being one of the most dominating teams in Europe to not winning anything at all for three whole seasons. In contrast, Makelele's next team (Chelsea) went on to what is probably the most successful 5-year period of their history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T11:17:43.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14168" CreationDate="2016-07-08T18:13:58.077" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which competition (or team, if relevant) was the first to print each player's name on the uniform? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bill Veeck, owner of MLB's Chicago White Sox, pioneered the idea to add names on jerseys in 1960.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Was there a specific reason given to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The names were distinguishable when broadcast on television.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More on the history of names on jerseys can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=lukas/041202&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T18:13:58.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14188" CreationDate="2016-07-08T18:19:17.227" Score="-1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2016, Portugal tied every game in their groups to qualify for the elimination rounds. After that, they won against Croatia and Poland in PKs. Their streak stops there since they won against Wales in regulation time to qualify in the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe there was a change in the Euro 2016 Group stages to allow the best 3rd to qualify, so I'm not sure it was possible before this change in the Euro, hence why I'm including World Cup. (Not sure how many go through)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="11234" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T18:25:47.117" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T15:35:48.183" Title="Furthest EURO/World Cup progression without regulation time win?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14170" CreationDate="2016-07-08T20:13:12.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are a bit complex. The word &quot;let&quot; is mentioned 39 times in the online &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ussquash.com/officiate/online-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;US Squash Rules&lt;/a&gt;. Under rule 12, Interference, here are some of the more common uses of &quot;Let&quot;, &quot;No Let&quot; and &quot;Stroke&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The player is entitled to a let if he or she could have returned the ball and the opponent has made every effort to avoid the interference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The player is not entitled to a let (i.e. loses the rally) if he or she could not have returned the ball, or accepts the interference and plays on, or the interference was so minimal that the player’s access to and strike at the ball was not affected.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The player is entitled to a stroke (i.e. wins the rally) if the opponent did not make every effort to avoid the interference, or if the player would have hit a winning return, or if the player would have struck the opponent with the ball going directly to the front wall.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main points are that a Let is awarded if the player on the ball was not able to hit the ball due to interference by the other player. A let may also be awarded the the player on the ball does not hit the ball for fear of injuring their opponent (either by the ball contacting them or the racket). it generally needs to meet three criteria:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The interfering player made every effort to avoid interfering.&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player on the ball would have had a reasonable shot.&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player on the ball would not have had a clear winning shot.&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the interfering player did not make very effort to avoid interfering, or if the player on the ball would have had a clear winning shot, then a &quot;Stroke&quot; (and point) is awarded to the player on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player on the ball would not have had a reasonable shot (i.e. the ref thinks they wouldn't have made it, regardless of the interference), then it's a &quot;no let&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't watch the video at the moment, but I'll try to watch it later. Ultimately, though, the ref's decision likely hinges upon the three points above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no dedicated ref, then you and your playing partner need to judge it yourself. Generally I only call &quot;Let&quot; (no &quot;Stroke&quot;) when playing with friends, and only call it if I'm fairly confident I would have had a shot. My partners respect my call, and I respect theirs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T20:13:12.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14125" CreationDate="2016-07-09T03:41:06.003" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that you have good answers - and this isn't an answer per se but too long for a comment.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However this rule is just stupid.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is antiquated and has carried over because of MLB - at all lower levels I am sure they would change this and some leagues have rules overruling this (see later).  MLB hasn't changed it because: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MLB doesn't like to make changes that effected past stats.  Which is just dumb because this literally hardly ever happens at the MLB level.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since it doesn't happen at the MLB level, no one gives a crap about it.  The first time someone won or lost a batting title based on a baserunning error ESPN would do a documentary and MLB would happily change the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did scorekeeping for a few high school teams my sons played on.  I told the coaches from the get go that I counted hits as hits, rules be damned.  Doing otherwise doesn't let the stats reflect what is going on, on the field.  Just like when giving out errors in baseball or assists in basketball it is about obeying the spirit of the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Men on first and second.  Batter lines a one hopper to the left and the shortstop dives and catches the ball. Notices that runner from first is already at second.  Runner that was on second was caught daydreaming and thought there was no one on first so decided not to try to advance.  He would have been safe by a mile but is out on force.  Why in the world would the batter have a &quot;FC&quot; on his score card.  My score card shows &quot;1B&quot; for batter and baserunning error and out for the kid forced out at third.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Man on first.  Batter hits a hard line drive to left.  Runner was moving from the start.  Leftfielder was playing in and picks up the ball clean off one hop and fires to second base for the out.  That is a &quot;FC&quot;.  The batter caused the out.  Highly unlucky but that is his out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Man on first.  Batter hits a bloop well over third baseman's head.  Runner decides to tag when he should have been in the middle of first and second.  Leftfielder doesn't get to it but fires to second and beats runner by a step.  Again this is a hit &quot;1B&quot; and a baserunning error.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now if someone is superbly slow... We had one player like that.  He literally took 7-8 seconds on a good day to get to second with a lead off (and he wasn't fat so it fascinating).  I charged him with 4 baserunning errors that year.  It simply isn't measuring the hitter when he keeps getting forced out at second from the outfield.  I kid you not one play the ball was batted between center and left and dumb &quot;Chad&quot; (yes he wasn't bright either) takes like 4 steps towards second then shifted his momentum back to first.  The centerfielder had to backtrack big time so the ball didn't pass him.  The batter probably had a 95%+ chance at a double and surely would have went for two.  Chad got nailed.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion if you did this right you would set the right attribute to the right stat.  For instance a batter who hits a one hopper to the right fielder and trips on his way to first, that is really a 1B and baserunning error.  The at bat resulted in a &quot;hit&quot;.  The baserunning resulted in an out.  So in conclusion the rule is absurd.  If scorekeepers get to give a third basemen an error after he lays out for a ball but then bobbles it, well they can handle these obvious baserunning issues a few times a year.  How you score things is up to your league and if your league doesn't have rules it is up to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T03:41:06.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14180" CreationDate="2016-07-09T17:21:07.053" Score="5" ViewCount="1787" Body="&lt;p&gt;When they measure the distance of javelin throws during the European Athletics Championships in Amsterdam, there are small yellow remote controlled cars driving around. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;em&gt;screenshot&lt;/em&gt; of them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/B3pcV.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/B3pcV.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;screenshot of the yellow RC cars&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the yellow cars used for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11681" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T07:10:51.970" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T06:16:17.253" Title="What do the tiny yellow RC cars next to the javelin throwing field do?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14179" CreationDate="2016-07-09T18:19:25.090" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volvoxc.com/2006/08/millions-saw-mini-volvo-xc90-at-the-european-athletic-championships/&quot;&gt;collecting the javelins (and other projectiles) for athletes&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Over eight million TV viewers across Europe watched &lt;strong&gt;the remote control 1:5 scale model Volvo XC90 collect javelins, discuses and hammers for the athletes&lt;/strong&gt; at the European Athletic Championships in Gothenburg last week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;emphasis added&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the article linked above is reporting on the 2006 Gothenburg event, so this practise has obviously stood a test of time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T18:19:25.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14181" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-09T22:31:08.383" Score="9" ViewCount="7256" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand all the problems that a sports player betting against themselves can cause, but what is the harm caused by betting for oneself or one's team to win  (note I am not saying win by X points, just win).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In players contracts, they could have clauses for getting X money with each win, how would this be different than a player putting X money on a game, and winning if they win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note:  The reason I am just saying winning is because if something such as winning by X points was done, the player would be trying for that goal, compared to the goal of winning (which would be the same goal even if he was not betting)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11682" LastActivityDate="2021-07-14T19:28:22.060" Title="Why is betting on yourself in a sporting event considered unethical?" Tags="|rules|betting|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14324" CreationDate="2016-07-10T01:09:12.730" Score="3" ViewCount="2613" Body="&lt;p&gt;The olympic trials has a site that show the results and standing records for each event.  In the records section for each event, they list all the records, one of which is HF.  What does HF mean? Here is the example from the 1500m:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;WR  Hicham El Guerrouj Morocco  3:26.00  Rome, Italy&#xA;AR  Bernard Lagat Nike  3:29.30 Aug 28, 2005 Rieti, Italy&#xA;MR  Steve Scott Sub 4 TC    3:35.15 Jun 29, 1980 Eugene&#xA;HF  Daniel Komen (en route) Kenya   3:32.81 Jun 08, 2008&#xA;WL  Asbel Kiprop Kenya  3:29.33 Jun 05, 2016 Birmingham, Great Britain&#xA;AL  Ben True  Saucony   3:36.05 Jun 17, 2016 Boston, United States&#xA;OS  3:36.00 &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link to the site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://trialsresults.usatf.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://trialsresults.usatf.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11683" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T14:32:02.807" Title="What does HF stand for in context of track and field abbreviations (WR, MR, etc)?" Tags="|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14181" CreationDate="2016-07-10T06:58:21.903" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem isn't being on yourself to win - it's on the matches when you &lt;em&gt;don't&lt;/em&gt; bet on yourself. Consider a situation where I bet on myself to win in 9 out of 10 matches, but then didn't bet on the 10th match. Am I going to try quite as hard, knowing that I'm (effectively) getting paid less for a win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T06:58:21.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14182" CreationDate="2016-07-10T08:06:29.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surely it would what most sports people see immediately... Hall of Fame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except not.  It appears from a search of the time and name on Google, that it's the name of the track, and thus the track record? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevestandf.com/track-and-field-world-records/world-records--2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.stevestandf.com/track-and-field-world-records/world-records--2&lt;/a&gt; shows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hayward Field 3:32.81* Daniel K. Komen, Kenya, 2007 (*en route in Mile)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as the track record for the 1500.  And &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newswire.com/news/2016-u-s-olympic-trials-set-to-take-off-on-beynon-track-at-hayward-12540863&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.newswire.com/news/2016-u-s-olympic-trials-set-to-take-off-on-beynon-track-at-hayward-12540863&lt;/a&gt; indicates the current Olympic trials are at Hayward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If some are like me were just as unclear on some of the others, seems they could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;WR: World Record&#xA;AR: America Record&#xA;MR: Meet Record (at the location... this specific competition\event?)&#xA;WL: World Leader (for the year)&#xA;AL: America Leader (for the year)&#xA;OS: Olympic something or Official Speed???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why use the quirky track abbreviation I know not.  But I can't get the links you gave to show the records anymore, they're all blank.  So maybe this whole topic is gone to history 8-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-07-10T08:36:11.270" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T08:36:11.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14194" CreationDate="2016-07-10T12:28:11.197" Score="4" ViewCount="1081" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if a few (2/3) stages to the end of the Tour de France a cyclist retires when he had a number of points that would make it mathematically unreachable by other cyclists in the climber ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does he win the climber rankings or is it necessary to arrive to Champ Elysee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T08:11:43.867" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T14:03:49.677" Title="Climber rankings at Tour de France - must the winner finish the tour?" Tags="|rules|ranking|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14186" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14187" CreationDate="2016-07-10T13:06:28.400" Score="1" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a point in a T20 match in which the losing team is mathematically eliminated (ie, no possibility of winning the match), and if so does the game end at that point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Team A bats first, and scores 150-4 in their 20 overs.  Team B's innings starts, and in the first 19 overs, they only score 110-4.  In the remaining over, even if every bowl resulted in a 6, Team B would only end up with 146-4.  So does the match end at the point when Team B can no longer mathematically win the game, or do they play out all 20 overs (or 10 wickets), regardless of the current score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Or do I misunderstand the rules and it's possible to score more than 36 runs in an over, somehow?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T13:29:07.287" Title="Are T20 Cricket games always played to the last ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14186" CreationDate="2016-07-10T13:29:07.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you misunderstand the rules. Firstly, wides and no-balls mean there can be more than 6 balls in an over, so more than 36 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/451716.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;can and has been scored in an over&lt;/a&gt;. Secondly, more than 6 runs can be scored from a ball in the case of overthrows or the like. The third possibility is penalty runs against the fielding side for various offences, most commonly the ball hitting a helmet on the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other point to consider is that a lot of tournaments worry about net run rate or the like as a tie-breaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T13:29:07.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14174" CreationDate="2016-07-10T15:35:48.183" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 1990 World Cup, the Republic of Ireland advanced to the quarter-finals after drawing all three games in the group stage, and then beating Romania in the round of 16 on penalties after a 0-0 draw with Romania. They eventually lost to Italy 1-0. Not only did Ireland not win any of their games, they didn't take the lead in any either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in 1938 World Cup, Sweden got to the quarter-finals without winning a game, but that was less impressive - there was no group stage and their Round of 16 match against Austria was never played and awarded as a walkover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Euros... well until 1980 the tournament was only four teams. In 1976, Czechoslovakia won the tournament without winning a regulation-time game: they beat the Netherlands 3-1 after extra time in the semis and then West Germany on penalties in the final. But that was only in a two-game tournament. After that, with only the top two qualifying from groups going through, no team has made it without winning at least one group game, until Portugal this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11686" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T15:35:48.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12052" CreationDate="2016-07-10T16:15:29.523" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are unsure about your soccer shoes, you might want to ask your retailer or possibly contact the company of the shoes you bought. Possibly they could provide helpful information for your concern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11687" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T16:15:29.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13837" CreationDate="2016-07-11T00:12:20.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To extend Fillet's information... to hit a winner, ΔKE would be Δ1/2mv^2, or a total of mv^2 (if players hit at similar speeds).  I see suggestions [&lt;a href=&quot;http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/average-groundstrokes-speed.323512/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] that typical shots are in the 60-80 mph range in men's tennis, and some winners get near 100 mph.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So .057*30^2 (for 70ish mph) is 50ish Joules per winner.  41 winners would only be 2 kJ or 0.0006 kWh.  Even 100 mph for every winner, that's only 5 kJ = 0.001 kWh.  So that doesn't work as anything significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what Fillet was taking from cyclingweekly (seems to be basically W/kg and to get to kWh, so you'd need to multiply out by mass and then hours expended to be useful)... but alternatively [&lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisfixation.com/how-many-calories-can-you-burn-playing-tennis-tennis-quick-tips-podcast-48.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] shows 300-600 Calories per hour is a reasonable amount exerted playing tennis.  That'd be 1/3 to 2/3 of a kWh each hour per player.  So a three hour match easily could burn 3-4 kWh combined between the two players.  Can probably get to around 10 kWh in a long pro match, but still an order of magnitude off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing Fillet didn't consider is the total shots in the match.  I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/charting/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tennisabstract.com/charting/&lt;/a&gt; and looked through quite a few... most I got was the Djokovic-Murray 2012 US Open, with just under 2000 shots (add the listed total of shot types for the two each players).  At the 70 mph earlier estimate, we're still only talking about 0.02 kWh.  Still no useful contribution (makes sense, considering how light a ball is).  Seems we're usually tired at the end from running, not from swinging our arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I too can find no way to get near the values they show.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only guess I can think of is that they actually mean kW (power) rather than kWh (energy).  I saw rough estimates that the impact of a shot lasts a few milliseconds [&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/tennis-racket-hits-tennis-ball-force-f-bt-2-a1-1280-n-ms-b1-460-n-ms-2-t-time-milliseconds-q1516766&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;].  That seems reasonable.  A 70 mph winner could thus be about 13 J/0.004 seconds, ~ 3 kW.  133 kW total for 41 winners.  Finally a number\unit that sounds similar to their answer... though that would vary hugely by speed and contact time, and be tough to reasonably calculate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, I'm as confused by it as Fillet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T00:12:20.877" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14185" CreationDate="2016-07-11T05:55:04.780" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/reglement/TDF16_Reglement_BD.pdf&quot;&gt;2016 Tour de France rules&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 24|RANKINGS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c) General best climber ranking&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The general best climber ranking is established by adding together the points obtained on all passes and hills, according to the following tables:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Riders &lt;strong&gt;must finish&lt;/strong&gt; the Tour de France in order to appear in the best climber ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar rule is mentioned for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_classification_in_the_Tour_de_France&quot;&gt;points classification&lt;/a&gt;, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T05:55:04.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14200" CreationDate="2016-07-11T16:53:04.700" Score="1" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a able to control and shoot with my right foot. But I'm not at all confident with my left foot. How can I improve my weak foot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By which I mean to improve my weak foot (in my case left foot) shooting power, accuracy, long lobs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11695" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T12:32:58.313" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T19:34:52.390" Title="Improving weak foot" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-11T17:27:21.330" Score="10" ViewCount="2038" Body="&lt;p&gt;This actually happened to the recent club cricket game that I played last week. We needed 6 runs off 11 balls and had 3 wickets in hand. One of the batsman played a shot and ball was rolling slowly towards the boundary line, all of a sudden a kid (age ~7) took about 10 steps into the ground and tried to grab the ball but it went over him hit something and jumped not reaching the boundary line. Since kid made the interference batsman and umpire lost sight of the ball and they (batsmen) did not finish the third run wondering if the ball was caught by the kid or went to the boundary line. Meanwhile, fielder chasing the ball continued running and pick up the ball, threw it back to the keeper and they made an appeal for the run-out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, fielding side wanted the run out and batting side wanted the penalty 5 runs or to keep 2 runs which occurred before the interference or even redo the ball/delivery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpire decided to play &quot;fair&quot; so he split the points (5 each) and called it &quot;everyone won&quot;. Fielding side took this decision promptly and happily and quickly started packing while the batting side wasn't happy with the decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I wanna know, did the umpire made the right call? What are the rules/law for such cases? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11697" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T07:00:02.983" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T11:00:20.287" Title="What if a shot going for 4 interfered by the spectators in cricket game?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14199" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-11T17:32:02.910" Score="3" ViewCount="760" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation:&lt;/strong&gt; runners at second and third, no outs. A line drive gets caught by the short stop, who throws to third base to try and get a double play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner at third is called safe. However, the runner thinks he is called out and starts jogging off the field. The third baseman throws the ball to the pitcher. The pitcher then throws the ball back to the third baseman who steps on third base. The field umpire signals out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner who was originally called safe (and then out) gets as far as the on-deck circle of the first base dugout before his teammates tell him to go back and touch home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner comes back and touches home plate. The home plate umpire calls him safe at home and the run scores. Is this a legal run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize that the runner was essentially tagging up, and when the umpire signaled out, it was the wrong call. However, after the runner was signaled out the catcher figured him to be out and therefore allowed the runner to come back and touch home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should happen when an umpire make a false out call such as this? It is deceptive to the defense; it seems that the runner should have to go back to third at the very least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11699" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T00:38:04.267" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T12:54:03.887" Title="A False Out Call by an Umpire" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14196" CreationDate="2016-07-11T17:46:10.803" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As someone who's only good football skills is good shots with both feet, here's my approach once I decided to improve my weak foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go to a football field, go to the penalty spot and start shooting with your left foot. This will be awkward and you will hit like a 4 year old. That's fine, you will get the feel for it after a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you're comfortable doing the motion with your left foot, start aiming in the corners of the net and call your shots. Rinse and repeat for the other techniques. The reason you have a weak foot is not because it is weak, it is lack of technique. Once you start to practice using it, you will get better at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing more to it, practice makes perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/557051-how-to-develop-your-opposite-foot-in-soccer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How to Develop Your Opposite Soccer Foot&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;This article from James Holloway on LiveStrong suggests a similar process. It also contains a little more information on how to improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shooting Drill&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A simple drill can improve shooting with either foot. A small group of players or coaches is needed. A player begins by running and receiving a pass from a player to the right of the goal, then shooting. Without waiting, she continues running to the left to receive a pass from a player standing by the side of the goal. The first player then shoots with the left foot. The drill should be reversed for players whose dominant foot is the left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Patience&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most people spend their lives favoring their dominant foot. This isn't limited to the soccer field but occurs in all walks of life. As a result, the opposite foot, and the opposite leg in general, are not going to be as strong or coordinated as the dominant leg and foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T19:34:52.390" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-11T18:42:25.930" Score="3" ViewCount="4652" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who is the football player who won the most number of international titles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;International&quot; means FIFA/UEFA/CONMEBOL etc. level major club tournaments, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Champions league&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Super Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONMEBOL Copa Sudamericana&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA Club World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or major national team tournaments, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Euro &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONMEBOL Copa America&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt; include domestic level tournaments, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;domestic leagues (e.g, La Liga, Premier League, Bundesliga, Serie A, Ligue 1, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;domestic cups or super cups (e.g, Copa del Rey, FA Cup, Coppa Italia, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far the one I've found with the most titles is Cafu with &lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt; titles &lt;em&gt;(Copa Libertadores 1992, 1993, Intercontinental Cup 1992,1993, Supercopa Sudamericana 1993, Recopa Sudamericana 1993, 1994 Copa Conmebol 1994, UEFA Cup Winners Cup 1994-95, UEFA Super Cup 2003, 2007, UEFA Champions league 2006-07, FIFA Club World Cup 2007, FIFA World Cup 1994,2002, Copa America 1997,1999, FIFA Confederations Cup 1997)&lt;/em&gt;. But I'm wondering if there are other players with more international titles. Only counting official titles (not friendlies) and not counting U-20, U-23 etc tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T22:30:58.063" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T22:30:58.063" Title="Who is the football player who won the most official international titles?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14198" CreationDate="2016-07-11T19:35:57.963" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a similar instance in the local league a couple of seasons ago, and we took the view that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law 19&lt;/a&gt; mentions other people, that we should award boundary 4 in this instance, and report what happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ben&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T19:35:57.963" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14205" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-11T19:57:53.100" Score="0" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a &quot;regular&quot; game, a starter pitches &quot;several&quot; innings while a reliever pitches one or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the All Star game, &quot;all&quot; pitchers pitch only one to two innings. So what has historically been the difference between the way managers have used starters versus relievers in such a game? For instance, has it been the case that only starters will get to pitch even two innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T04:52:29.717" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T04:57:44.833" Title="How would a manager use a starter and reliever differently in an All-Star game?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14199" CreationDate="2016-07-12T13:02:24.167" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original ‘out’ call on the play is correct according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://umpirebible.com/rules/basepath.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;“Abandoning the basepath”&lt;/a&gt; ruling.  The out call is somewhat subjective in that the umpire must determine if the runner is “abandoning his efforts to run the bases”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“You don't see this very often. The most common scenario is when a&#xA;  base runner mistakenly believes he's been put out and heads for the&#xA;  dugout. There is no set guidance on how far the runner must go before&#xA;  he's technically abandoned the bases; the rulebook says only that he&#xA;  &quot;progresses a reasonable distance still indicating by his actions that&#xA;  he is out.&quot; More often what you see is the defense noticing his&#xA;  blunder and putting a tag on.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, from &lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(1) and (2)&lt;/strong&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(1) and (2) Comment (Rule 7.08(a) Comment): Any runner after reaching first base who leaves&#xA;  the base path heading for his dugout or his position believing that&#xA;  there is no further play, may be declared out if the umpire judges the&#xA;  act of the runner to be considered abandoning his efforts to run the&#xA;  bases. Even though an out is called, the ball remains in play in&#xA;  regard to any other runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PLAY. Runner believing he is called out on a tag at first or third&#xA;  base starts for the dugout and progresses a reasonable distance still&#xA;  indicating by his actions that he is out, shall be declared out for&#xA;  abandoning the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Official Rules, Pages 43-44&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question, it is not a legal run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-07-19T12:54:03.887" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T12:54:03.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14209" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-12T13:46:30.727" Score="1" ViewCount="5000" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's something that happened at a game recently and I can't find the answer to it: 2 outs, runner on 3rd. Batter hits a slow roller to third. The third baseman picks it up but makes a bad throw to first, pulling the first baseman off the bag. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter-runner runs right over the bag, never touching the base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner on third has now crossed the plate. The first baseman sees that the runner missed the bag and tags the runner as he is walking back to the base. Runner is out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But does the run score? The umpire ruled that he did not score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read that a runner cannot score on a third out unless the batter reaches first safely. But I've also read that the umpire should have called the batter-runner safe at first when he crossed base (even though he didn't touch it) as it gives an un-fair advantage to not make any call at all. I've seen this in the MLB, so I'm pretty sure that's true. If the runner is initially safe at first, then that means the run does in fact score. Any idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11706" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T14:35:38.867" LastActivityDate="2022-05-28T07:13:38.680" Title="A batter overruns first base, but misses the bag. Is then tagged out. Does the runner on 3rd score?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14209" CreationDate="2016-07-12T18:57:54.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lifting much of my answer heavily from Wax Eagle's answer &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3364/what-happens-to-the-runner-if-he-misses-a-base-after-hitting-a-homerun&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From MLB rule 5.09(c)(2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[The runner is out on appeal when] With the ball in play, while advancing or returning to a base, he fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This basically means that a runner is considered safe after they've rounded first base without touching it, that is until either he or the base he missed is tagged &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; he returns to it &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; the fielding team appeals to the umpire.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this specific scenario is addressed in rule 5.09(d)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless two are out, the status of a following runner is not affected by a preceding runner’s failure to touch or retouch a base. If, upon appeal, the preceding runner is the third out, no runners following him shall score. &lt;strong&gt;If such third out is the result of a force play, neither preceding nor following runners shall score.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read this as meaning that a &quot;missed base out&quot; (i.e. missed the base and then tagged out) can still be effectively counted as a force play out; being the third out of the inning, no runner can score.  In the situation you describe, the umpire might have technically needed to have been appealed to, but in practice there often isn't an official verbal appeal--the umpire knows the deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the batter/runner would have been safe if he touched the bag and although he was considered safe for a few moments before getting tagged, he &lt;em&gt;ultimately&lt;/em&gt; did not safely reach first base to avoid the force out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T20:48:33.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14209" CreationDate="2016-07-12T20:53:34.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually addressed pretty specifically in a comment in the 2016 version of the Official Baseball Rules &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comment to Rule 5.08 (pages 37-38) has this approved ruling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: No run shall score during a play&#xA;  in which the third out is made by the batter-runner before&#xA;  he touches first base. Example: One out, Jones on second,&#xA;  Smith on first. The batter, Brown, hits safely. Jones&#xA;  scores. Smith is out on the throw to the plate. Two outs.&#xA;  But Brown missed first base. The ball is thrown to first,&#xA;  an appeal is made, and Brown is out. Three outs. Since&#xA;  Jones crossed the plate during a play in which the third&#xA;  out was made by the batter-runner before he touched first&#xA;  base, Jones’ run does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and this approved ruling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: Two out, bases full, batter hits&#xA;  home run over fence. Batter, on appeal, is declared out&#xA;  for missing first base. Three outs. No run counts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the batter-runner is the third out on the play for missing first base. No runs score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T20:53:34.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4796" CreationDate="2016-07-12T21:00:46.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Make sure you keep your chin up (look straight up or behind you slightly instead of at your body) and your stomach up (try practicing this by putting a noodle under your back so you can feel where your body needs to be) and your arms and legs out like a starfish (little corny, but easy to remember). You may need to bend your knees like in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=backfloat&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;biw=1600&amp;amp;bih=799&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi6sfW75u7NAhUOxmMKHe3ZDtgQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&amp;amp;q=backfloat+technique&amp;amp;imgrc=mgBDkM40pICyJM%3A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this picture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the above doesn't work by itself (I know a few people who have body types that just don't allow them to float without doing the following), you may need to scull with your hands. Good instructions on how to do this are &lt;a href=&quot;http://image.slidesharecdn.com/swimminginstructorhandbookandguidelinesfinalapr2012-150318022409-conversion-gate01/95/swimming-instructor-handbook-and-guidelines-final-apr-2012-32-638.jpg?cb=1426645578&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11709" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T21:00:46.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14214" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-13T05:51:51.923" Score="5" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that the cyclist who has collected the most points in one of these two rankings (climber or points) has not finished the Tour, leaving the victory of the &quot;jersey&quot; to another rider?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember that &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/14185/climber-rankings-at-tour-de-france-must-the-winner-finish-the-tour&quot;&gt;winner is the cyclist that has most points amongst all who arrive at the Champs Elysees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously for picking up a number of points higher than those obtained by the cyclist who finally won the respective ranking any cyclist must have finished a large number of stages (the case that comes to mind is that of the sprinter who collects many points in the early stages of level standard and then retired during &quot;the third&quot; week when there are more mountain stages, it is unlikely that this can happen for the ranking of the climbers for the same reason)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T19:48:36.213" Title="Climber or Points rankings leader not finishing Tour de France" Tags="|trivia|history|ranking|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14222" CreationDate="2016-07-13T11:14:30.027" Score="-2" ViewCount="1038" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the soccer players with the most international goals? The international goal definition used is the one from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Football_History_%26_Statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFFHS&lt;/a&gt; (international goals in national team + international goals in club) and not the one used by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec.Sport.Soccer_Statistics_Foundation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RSSSF&lt;/a&gt; who count international goals as those made in the national team only . This is a (incomplete) list that I've been making, but it is probably incomplete because players from Asian and Arabian leagues are hard to track and it could have some mistakes, plus it becomes outdated quickly since players such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Messi, Ibrahimovic keep scoring international goals. Is there any other players with more than 100 international goals I have not found?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1  Cristiano Ronaldo  POR 158&#xA;2  Lionel Messi       ARG 146&#xA;3  Gerd Muller        GER 138&#xA;4  Puskas             HUN 126&#xA;5  Ali Daei           IRN 122&#xA;6  Raúl               ESP 119&#xA;7  Didier Drogba      CDM 115&#xA;   Andriy Shevchenko  UCR 115&#xA;9  Zlatan Ibrahimovic SUE 113&#xA;10 Ronaldo            BRA 111&#xA;11 Thierry Henry      FRA 110&#xA;12 Hossam Hassan      ARA 109&#xA;13 Romario            BRA 105&#xA;14 Samuel Etoo        CAM 104&#xA;15 Pelé               BRA 101&#xA;   Miroslav Klose     GER 101&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T02:13:05.483" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T09:05:30.620" Title="Soccer players with over 100 international goals (IFFHS definition)" Tags="|football|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14216" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14228" CreationDate="2016-07-13T12:01:18.253" Score="3" ViewCount="543" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read two rules quoted on this website that seems to overlap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 5, Section 1, Article 1:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game is played by two teams of 11 players each. If a snap, free&#xA;  kick, or fair-catch kick is made while a team has fewer than 11&#xA;  players on the field of play or the end zone, the ball is in play, and&#xA;  there is no penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 5 Position of Players at the Snap, Article 1: Offensive Team&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The offensive team must be in compliance&#xA;  with the following at the snap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) It must have seven or more players on its line (3-18); and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) All players who are not on the line, other than the receiver of&#xA;  the snap under center, must be at least one yard behind it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) No player may be out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one says that the play can possibly start without all the players within the bounds. The second one says that the formation is considered illegal (penalty) if a player is out of bound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is : what is the difference between an &quot;out of bound&quot; player and a player who is not part of the play to begin with ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, it must have seven or more players on the line but the first rule implies that it is possible to have less than 7 players so it is another contradiction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that a real overlap or I am missing something here ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11705" LastEditorUserId="11705" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T22:42:06.277" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T05:50:12.557" Title="Are these two NFL rules overlapping?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14202" CreationDate="2016-07-13T12:09:51.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Andrea Pirlo comes up with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Pirlo#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;18 titles&lt;/a&gt; if you count only club and international titles. He's won numerous individual awards as well. Also an olympic bronze :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My second guess would be Thierry Henry, who has had an impressive career of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Henry#Awards_and_honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;23 titles&lt;/a&gt;, including conference titles from MLS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I don't have the energy to check many more players, I'd wager the holder of most titles would be a player who won a lot, not only in clubs but also nationals. Also modern players would likely have more titles, simply because there are more competitions now, compared to what existed in the 50s. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd check with the famous names from West German team (e.g. Matthäus, &lt;strong&gt;edit:&lt;/strong&gt; who indeed has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothar_Matth%C3%A4us#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;26 titles&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, Xavi Hernandez had a great career with has gotten him &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavi#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;27 titles&lt;/a&gt;, if I didn't count wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'll stop there... :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="364" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T12:18:28.027" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T12:18:28.027" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12740" CreationDate="2016-07-13T20:23:14.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was a competitive swimmer for 7 years, and people generally swam counter-clockwise, although there have been rare cases where it is the opposite, at my pool which is the same as how we drive in Canada. There is no strict rule here to which side of the lane you swim on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in warm-up at swimming competitions, the lanes would alternate for two more specific reasons than what Will Appleby said. For one, it helps specifically with avoiding  the clashing arms in the stroke butterfly. Secondly, it does help a bit with other strokes in that if you are not right beside someone and the lanes stay in sync, there will be no clashing between lanes, but if someone ends up beside you, it is possible more clashing would result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11650" LastEditorUserId="11650" LastEditDate="2016-07-21T23:59:08.773" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T23:59:08.773" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14221" CreationDate="2016-07-14T03:17:33.697" Score="0" ViewCount="470" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read some vague explanations of how the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/castrolindex/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Castrol Index&lt;/a&gt; works but none of them explain it in details. Does anyone knows how it works in detail?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="10760" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T09:09:08.013" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T09:09:08.013" Title="How does the Castrol index works?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14220" CreationDate="2016-07-14T06:18:22.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Found an Article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=631172.html#castrol+provide+perspective&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;uefa.com&lt;/a&gt;, you can read more from the link, but I think there won't be more in-depth data on the analysis and it's formulas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With raw match data provided via systems installed by UEFA in&#xA;  stadiums, Castrol believe by implementing their own mathematical&#xA;  formulae their index will provide the football audience with a new&#xA;  perspective on the sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;It's based on missile technology with 16 cameras placed in the stadium gantry to monitor in real time the movements of 22 players,&#xA;  three match officials and the ball,&quot; said Vijay Solanki&lt;/strong&gt;, head of&#xA;  marketing services at Castrol Europe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;As a result it allows us to produce some amazing measurements we have&#xA;  never had before in football. You can see the speed, distance run and&#xA;  zonal movements of the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrol_Performance_Index&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt; page, but the reference links in wiki page are broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Castrol Index is a rolling ranking system that measures&#xA;  performance of every football player across Europe's top five leagues&#xA;  during the course of a 12-month period. Rankings are published&#xA;  monthly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To get Castrol Index Ranking, first &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Castrol Index Score&quot; is&#xA;  calculated for every player in every league and Champions league&#xA;  match, then the score weighted to get &quot;Castrol Ranking points&quot;, and&#xA;  lastly, cumulative points from every match during the 12-month period&#xA;  are multiplied with 90 and divided by total minutes played&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Weightings are different in every league and are adjusted after every&#xA;  season by strength of every league. For example, Champions league&#xA;  knock-out stage has biggest weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T06:18:22.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14215" CreationDate="2016-07-14T09:05:30.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difficulty of this classification lies on the fact that you have to figure out how many club level goals have been scored at international matches (and here I am assuming that &lt;em&gt;international match&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;a match in an inherently international competition&lt;/em&gt;, so that it includes e.g., goals scored in a Champions League match against a team of the same country and excludes goals in national league matches against teams from just across the border).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luckily, some other people have done some of the work for you, but even there you have to work with care. For example, you list Romário as having 105 international goals. When one checks &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1rio#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;his career statistics on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, he gets credit for 55 goals with Brazil plus 50 goals in &quot;continental&quot; competitions at the club level. So far so good. But then, next to the &quot;continental&quot; column, there is an &quot;other&quot; column claiming 44 goals, and a note indicating that these goals correspond to a variety of competitions (&quot;includes UEFA Super Cup 1988, Intercontinental Cup 1988, Dutch Super Cup 1991, 1992, Supercopa de España 1993, FIFA Club World Cup 2000&quot;), only some of which are international. So the 105 figure is, if anything, a lower bound. If you go and investigate the listed competitions, you'll find out that Romário scored at least 4 goals. Bringing the figure up to at least 109. Were all other 40 &quot;other&quot; goals scored in domestic competitions? I don't know, since the relevant note doesn't claim to exhaust all of the relevant competitions. That's something for someone with more time than me to go and figure out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tl;dr&lt;/strong&gt; : there is some opacity in the domestic/international distinction at the club level that makes claims of &quot;best international goalscorer&quot; inherently unreliable. The only solution is honest, time-consuming detective work on individual players' careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T09:05:30.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14196" CreationDate="2016-07-14T12:10:02.003" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Play in a side of the field which forces you to use it. Example, if you are a &quot;4&quot; , play as a &quot;3&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T12:10:02.003" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14226" CreationDate="2016-07-14T16:09:22.030" Score="7" ViewCount="11131" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that a cyclist has won all three of the main jerseys (yellow, green and polka dot) in the same Tour de France?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T18:03:22.757" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T11:31:25.137" Title="Has any cyclist won all of the individual, points and climbing jerseys in the same Tour de France?" Tags="|trivia|ranking|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14225" CreationDate="2016-07-14T18:01:48.937" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Merckx&quot;&gt;Eddy Merckx&lt;/a&gt; managed this feat in 1969. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Tour_de_France&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 1969 race is unique in that it is the only time that a single cyclist has won not only the general classification, but the points classification and mountains classification as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Merckx also won all three individual time trials (excluding the prologue), three other stages, the &quot;combativity&quot; classification, and somewhat unsurprisingly by this point, the combination&quot; classification. His team, FAEMA, won both the team competition and the team time trial. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Leman&quot;&gt;Eric Leman&lt;/a&gt; did win the intermediate sprints classification so it wasn't a &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; clean sweep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T18:01:48.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14225" CreationDate="2016-07-14T18:03:11.137" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France_records_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1969, &lt;strong&gt;Eddy Merckx&lt;/strong&gt; won the &lt;em&gt;general classification&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;points classification&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;mountains classification&lt;/em&gt;, a unique performance in the Tour de France.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;On four occasions, the winner of the points classification was also the winner of the general classification: three times by &lt;strong&gt;Eddy Merckx&lt;/strong&gt;, and once by &lt;strong&gt;Bernard Hinault&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The general classification and the mountain classification were won by the same rider ten times, by seven different cyclists: 1938: &lt;strong&gt;Gino Bartali&lt;/strong&gt;, 1939: &lt;strong&gt;Sylvère Maes&lt;/strong&gt;, 1948: Gino Bartali, 1949: &lt;strong&gt;Fausto Coppi&lt;/strong&gt;, 1952: Fausto Coppi, 1959: &lt;strong&gt;Federico Bahamontes&lt;/strong&gt;, 1969: &lt;strong&gt;Eddy Merckx&lt;/strong&gt;, 1970: Eddy Merckx, 2008: &lt;strong&gt;Carlos Sastre&lt;/strong&gt;, 2015: &lt;strong&gt;Chris Froome&lt;/strong&gt; and 2021: &lt;strong&gt;Tadej Pogačar&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-09-01T11:31:25.137" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T11:31:25.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14216" CreationDate="2016-07-14T19:11:58.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. these two rules do not overlap at all, however they are related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 5, Section 1, Article 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Discusses the maximum number of players that can be on the field at one time (11), and how there is no penalty (during a snap, free kick, or fair-catch kick) if there are fewer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 5 Position of Players at the Snap, Article 1: Offensive Team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deals with how many players are allowed  on the offensive line at one time, and where the rest of the players not on the line must be positioned (i.e. &quot;not out of bounds&quot;, &quot;at least one yard behind it&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So although both rules deal with the amount of players on the field at once, the first rule discusses the maximum, and the repercussions of breaching that. The other rule discusses where the 11 players that are allowed by the first rule, should be placed on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11721" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T18:22:06.413" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T18:22:06.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13972" CreationDate="2016-07-14T22:47:45.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When or when not. That a dribble is &quot;completed&quot; , is although defined by the  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;. Ultimately it is the Referees that rule the game. They decide when it is considered a travel or not. And in the NBA 3 steps after picking up the ball is valid. And many players will often get away with more. As the NBA is highly commercialized and people pay loads of money every night to attend the game. Or to even view the game on TV. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when you say you see people counting steps when the ball is still roaring in the players hand. And the rules state that it needs to be at a rest. It is the referees that ultimately make the judgment if the ball is resting &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although from my observations with basketball in general steps &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; count once the ball is picked up. Resting or not. This is just the way that the game has changed and adapted over the years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reddit discussion &lt;a href=&quot;https://m.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/1lyyr3/explanation_of_why_3_steps_is_actually_legal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;if three steps are legal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11721" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T22:47:45.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14169" CreationDate="2016-07-15T10:00:01.943" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No, you even want your serve to be as deceptive as possible so the opponent can't read the spin.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;two-phases-serve&quot; hits the ball in either the first or the second phase of the arm/wrist movement which results in a different spin direction for each phase. If you do it well, the opponent can't read the serve because he can't see in which phase you hit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video shows the two phases in Zhang Jike's (former World Champion)  pendulum serve (pendulum because of the in and out movement).&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/QX_Il-gEBdQ?t=26s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/QX_Il-gEBdQ?t=26s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a sign of bad sportsmanship but of good serves.&#xA;The rule for the doubles is only so that the receiving team doesn't get in each other's way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11725" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-08T05:31:55.987" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T05:31:55.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14233" CreationDate="2016-07-15T14:24:30.747" Score="3" ViewCount="5022" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners on 2nd and 3rd, two out.  Ground ball to shortstop, following order of events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Runner from third crosses home plate.&#xA;2) Runner from second is tagged out by the shortstop for what is judged as third out.&#xA;3) SS, forgetting how many outs there are throws to first and the ball arrives, is caught with foot on the bag before runner gets there.&#xA;4) Batter-runner crosses first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about in a situation where step 3 didn't happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T18:46:54.827" Title="Does the run count? Third out, not forced, not by batter-runner" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14232" CreationDate="2016-07-15T18:02:52.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the current &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;, there is only one reference to a &quot;fourth out&quot; that I can find. Page 49, part of Rule 5.09(c) - Making an Out, says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Appeal plays may require an umpire to recognize an apparent&#xA;  “fourth out.” If the third out is made during a play in which an appeal&#xA;  play is sustained on another runner, the appeal play decision takes&#xA;  precedence in determining the out. If there is more than one appeal&#xA;  during a play that ends a half-inning, the defense may elect to take&#xA;  the out that gives it the advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case an appeal is made on a force out (i.e. the batter-runner missed first base) and the appeal is upheld, the appeal takes precedence and the run would not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case is a little more complicated. Given that the batter-runner may stop or slow running because of the tag on the player running from 2nd to 3rd, I would guess that the force out would not apply and the run would count. I am having some trouble finding definitive documentation on that. But, Rule 5.09e - Retiring The Side says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When three offensive players are legally put out, that team takes the&#xA;  field and the opposing team becomes the offensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me like the third out in your scenario would end the inning immediately and the batter-runner would no longer be required to touch first base. Wikipedia disagrees with me, but there is no citation for the specific scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If step 3 doesn't happen, then the run definitely counts. Third outs only negate a run if they are a force or happen before the runner crosses the plate. See rule 5.08a:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to&#xA;  and touches first, second, third and home base before three men&#xA;  are put out to end the inning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner&#xA;  advances to home base during a play in which the third&#xA;  out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches&#xA;  first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by&#xA;  a preceding runner who is declared out because he&#xA;  failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since none of the three criteria apply, the run would score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T18:02:52.950" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13972" CreationDate="2016-07-16T06:52:31.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are talking about verbiage that has no bearing on the game.  There is no violation for dribbling wrong, but there is one for traveling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are learning about the game or want to ref the phrase you should think about is &quot;when a player picked up their dribble&quot;.  There are lots of ways you can pick up your dribble, some include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;put your full hand under the equator of the ball (OK I know this doesn't always get called)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;palming the ball&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;hitting the ball with each hand&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;hitting the ball with one hand twice&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;push the ball upward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as soon as the player &quot;picks up his dribble&quot; a pivot foot is established - the ball could be spinning or moving in the players hand the whole time.  He is allowed to move the non-pivot foot as many times as he wants.  Once the non-pivot foot is picked up any additional steps can be ringed up for Shaqtin.  Note that while we all love Shaqtin the Fool, it is not always 100% accurate on the steps count.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T06:52:31.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14181" CreationDate="2016-07-16T07:14:54.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First for NFL, MLB, NCAA, NBA, and other US sports entities it is outlawed because of player's involvements with bookies and betting rings.  MLB isn't worried about a pitcher that wants to bet on himself against a bad team.  MLB is afraid that the pitcher will make relationships with bookies, could possibly lose money, and then play differently or provide inside information to pay off debts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With team sports in general it isn't about betting on yourself or why didn't you bet on yourself, it is just the hovering cloud of impropriety too.  For instance Pete Rose bet on his team many many times.  When he was a manager did he overuse his bullpen to gain a win on bet day?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second point is that players can bet on themselves in some sports.  Depending on the country you are in it can be legal to wager on yourself on tennis (heard many players doing this on tour), golf, and boxing - and I am sure there are many more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T07:14:54.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14239" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-16T16:49:09.183" Score="0" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a goalkeeper and a wicket keeper, and because these are specialist positions they need different drills and equipment to, say, midfielders or bowlers. I have my own drills but I'd like some new ideas and equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So any recommendations? Either&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Solo training for wicketkeeper/goalkeeper drills or ideas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Duel training for wicketkeeper/goalkeeper drills or ideas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Recommended training equipment for goalkeeping/wicketkeeping&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks a lot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T17:19:25.957" Title="Training ideas for goalkeeper/wicketkeeper" Tags="|football|cricket|training|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-07-17T21:46:25.083" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14239" CreationDate="2016-07-16T17:19:25.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's some good equipment for goalkeeping:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rebound net&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/baWK5.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/baWK5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;rebound net&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Reflex football &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/utN42.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/utN42.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;reflex ball&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And wicketkeeping equipment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Katchet Ramp&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6qlws.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6qlws.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Katchet Ramp&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Small rebound ball&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MMnHk.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MMnHk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;rebound ball&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11729" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T17:19:25.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-17T09:21:43.250" Score="5" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Sunday 10 July 2016 at the European Athletics Championships in Amsterdam, three athletes in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.european-athletics.org/competitions/european-athletics-championships/2016/athletics/event/mens-5000m/phase=atm050100/index.html?v=20160710173554&amp;amp;intcmp=[#]-schline-result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's 5000m final&lt;/a&gt; finished with exactly the same time of 13:40:85 (a fourth arrived only a hundredth of a second later!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the greatest number of athletes finishing with the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to limit the reply to international running events where the athletes start at the same time (i.e. not considering heats of athletes for the same event).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vOBIE.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vOBIE.png&quot; alt=&quot;5000m final Amsterdam 2016&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2016-07-18T14:23:45.810" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T22:44:38.887" Title="What is the record for greatest number of athletes with the same finish time in one event?" Tags="|trivia|running|records|technology|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14250" CreationDate="2016-07-17T12:41:08.020" Score="6" ViewCount="2072" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every Sunday I play five a side football at the local 3G pitches. Every Sunday I bring home hundreds if not thousands of the small black bits used to fill the pitch. This in itself is a nightmare, however recently I've also started developing blisters as a result of these little black bits ending up inside my boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often stop during play now to empty my boots, however this is both time consuming and annoying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone else experience this? If so any advice on how to avoid this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11732" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T14:42:14.703" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T05:41:50.740" Title="Black Crumb Nuisance" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-17T15:52:04.100" Score="5" ViewCount="1030" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the optimal water temperature for a swimmer performance?&#xA;Are there records of swimmer performance vs. water temperature?&#xA;I'm not a swimmer but in general I would like to understand if there is specific knowledge about this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11734" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T11:14:22.050" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T20:20:24.603" Title="Influence of water temperature on swimmer performance" Tags="|swimming|performance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14245" CreationDate="2016-07-17T21:40:21.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.viscopedia.com/viscosity-tables/substances/water/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;viscosity of water decreases with temperature&lt;/a&gt; - this means that swimming is quicker in warmer water. As such, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/content/fr-2-swimming-pools&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FINA regulations&lt;/a&gt; require that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Water Temperature shall be 25° - 28°.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(FR 2.12) so that times are comparable between different pools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T21:40:21.580" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14243" CreationDate="2016-07-18T05:41:50.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those black crumbs used in 3G pitches are rubber pellets. (These often come from used tyres and other scrap materials. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/fifa-bosses-urged-investigate-health-7284586&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;There are unproven claims that these are cancer risks.&lt;/a&gt; So I'd advise you to ensure none of these enter your body during play.) These pellets are useful as they provide a good grip when running on the artificial pitch, which is made of plastics which can be slippery. However, if the quantity of them that makes it inside your shoe is so high, perhaps you should try and convince the ground staff to scrape off the excess amount.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address your current problem, I had faced a similar problem earlier and I realized this is attributed to the fit and shape of the football shoes/studs you use. My previous shoes were a decent fit but the design of the shoe (which could be worsened by use) was such that the mouth of the shoe did not close firmly around the ankle. As a result, the open mouth of the shoe allowed pellets to slide into the space and slowly work their way inwards with each stride. When I purchased a new pair which had a closed mouth, the quantity of pellets in my shoe were reduced tenfold. I still find quite a few pellets in my shoes when I take them off after the game, but I hardly need to stop mid-game to get rid of them. Additionally, you should consider wearing a thicker pair of socks as this would reduce the sensitivity of your feet to these foreign objects inside your shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I am unable to provide links or pictures regarding the two contrasting shoe designs, but I hope I have been able to explain the design issue quite clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T05:41:50.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14254" CreationDate="2016-07-19T18:08:54.493" Score="2" ViewCount="3343" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the following correct?  In a high school basketball game, the first half ends with the possession arrow favoring black.  Therefore, to start the second half, black throws the ball in.  Once the throw in is completed, the possession arrow changes to white. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11745" LastEditorUserId="11058" LastEditDate="2016-07-19T18:50:51.597" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:17:58.170" Title="change of possession at halftime" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14253" CreationDate="2016-07-19T18:13:30.940" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is correct. Once the ball is in-bounded the possession arrow switches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/351273-basketball-rules-on-changing-the-possession-arrow/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this website&lt;/a&gt; for more info about possession arrows if you are interested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T18:13:30.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13774" CreationDate="2016-07-20T05:29:11.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As indicated by comments, the appearance of a net is just that: an appearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is actually part of the printed pattern on the ball. One set of such balls is the Nike Ordem series:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yxinW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yxinW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Nike Ordem 3 example&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seen from a distance and in motion, it may well seem that the black lines are a net or strings around the ball. Other ball series from different producers may also have markings which, especially if not regular or symmetric, will give a similar appearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T05:29:11.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14258" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-20T10:23:24.673" Score="0" ViewCount="623" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I made a foul (such as scratching the cue ball), my opponent has the ball in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where can they place it, if they are on the black?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11751" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-20T12:23:01.877" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T22:39:14.580" Title="Ball in hand on the black - where can it go?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-10-14T17:34:58.207" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14253" CreationDate="2016-07-20T12:40:57.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the 2014-2015 NFHS Basketball Rulebook (the latest I can find that was accessible - &lt;strong&gt;not accessible without purchase&lt;/strong&gt;), this is known as &quot;alternating-possession&quot; as found in Rule 6, Section 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Other than the start of the game and each extra period, the teams will alternate taking the ball out of bounds for a throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 4 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The direction of the possession arrow is reversed immediately after an&#xA;  alternating possession throw-in ends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the possession arrow does change. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T01:17:58.170" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:17:58.170" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8965" CreationDate="2016-07-20T16:35:00.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ask 15 &quot;average golfers&quot;, you'll get 16 answers. It all depends. From your article which Ed helpfully digested, the average American golfer plays 46 rounds a year. The average golfer also has a 15 handicap, which sounds like I might need to give it up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course I'm not average in many ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The average American golfer... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Is 46 years old &lt;em&gt;- I'll be 35 tomorrow&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Practices one hour and 11 minutes per week &lt;em&gt;- not happening with three kids under 5, I'm lucky to get to the range 4 or 5 times a year,&#xA;  not counting warm-ups with a few hits at the club's range before a&#xA;  round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Has an average household income of $100,980 &lt;em&gt;- I wish. I make enough but not that much&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Spends $3000 a year on golf - &lt;em&gt;Pfft. The only club I've ever bought new is my putter, I play Noodles at a buck a ball instead of top-tier&#xA;  $5 balls, I'm hitting the same irons I bought 5 years ago used, in a&#xA;  bag I've had for nearly 10 back when there was a TopGolf range in&#xA;  walking distance. Half my equipment was either a gift or a&#xA;  hand-me-down. I don't even pay my own green fees, my in-laws pay less&#xA;  to bring me along on their home course than they pay themselves. I I&#xA;  don't think I've spent $3000 on the game to date&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Plays 46 rounds per year &lt;em&gt;- More like 20 for me&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Has probably called a penalty on himself (90 percent said they've done it at least once) - &lt;em&gt;Well yeah, them's the rules, but I've also&#xA;  used my &quot;underhand wedge&quot; to clear a tree or rock, putted into holes&#xA;  with the flag still in, and taken dozens of gimmes; when you're not&#xA;  playing for money and a pace of play is enforced, you do what you&#xA;  must&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Has a handicap of 15.1 &lt;em&gt;- 30-cap at least, my best round&lt;/em&gt; ever &lt;em&gt;is a 102&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Loses 1.3 balls per round &lt;em&gt;- More like 3-6, though I haven't hit one in the water in months; I tend to lose them in tall grass under trees&#xA;  just off the fairway, which annoys the heck out of me cause it would&#xA;  be playable if I could just&lt;/em&gt; find &lt;em&gt;the darn thing&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Has played for 23 years &lt;em&gt;- Only been playing actual rounds of golf for about 7 years, so I've got 16 more years of experience and 11 more&#xA;  in age to step my game up to &quot;average&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T16:35:00.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12760" CreationDate="2016-07-20T18:37:05.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the golf ball that is best for you depends on what you need out of a golf ball, and that depends on the rest of your game including the course you play on. Without going into a doctoral dissertation on the subject, the two most important factors, IMO, are compression and spin characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compression is the &quot;squishiness&quot; of the ball. A low-compression ball is softer, requiring less force to compress. This will keep the ball on the clubface longer, imparting more &quot;impulse&quot; from the clubhead to the ball, and it will also induce more spin as the clubhead has more time in contact with the ball to get it spinning. They also feel softer when hit, which is preferable to many players. But, they will waste some energy of a particularly powerful swing because the softer material won't completely return to its normal roundness until after it's left the clubhead (like bouncing on a trampoline but not straightening your legs fully until you're already back in the air). High-compression balls, almost the exact opposite; less time on the clubhead, less spin, harder feel, faster rebound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's considerable debate about the true importance of compression on raw distance; there's not nearly as much in it, all other things being equal, in matching compression rating to swing speed as there is in matching your shaft flex. Most experts say that for the average player it's a question of feel; if you want your swing to feel like there was nothing in its way, go softer. If you want the ball to give you more feedback on ball striking, go harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spin characteristics are a function of practically every aspect of the ball's design, including, as mentioned, compression. A low-compression ball will get more contact with higher-lofted clubs that are swung at slower speeds than the driver, increasing their backspin, which increases their height and reduces their rollout, so they'll drop down onto the fairway or green and stay where you put them. Most harder balls will spin less, and so they won't climb as much or drop as sharply, so they'll roll longer. Great for distance, bad for control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Higher-quality (and more expensive) golf balls are made with multiple core layers to help give the best of both worlds. Outer layers are softer and compress more easily, inner layers are harder. The net effect is a plateau in the amount the ball can be compressed as swing speeds increase. Off the driver, total compression of the ball is limited by the inner core, so the ball rebounds faster, wasting less energy and spinning less. However, the outer layer will still compress easily enough against the clubface of a higher-lofted club, giving those clubs the additional spin they need for the shot shape golfers want when approaching the green. Mid-grade balls often have three-layer construction (two core layers and outer cover) while the top-grade balls commonly have four layers. These balls also often trade the more durable and cheaper but slicker ionomer plastic covers of two-piece balls for softer covers like urethane, which grabs both the clubhead at launch and the ground on landing to magnify spin at the cost of durability (hit a Pro V1 onto the cart path, or even out of a bunker, and odds are you'll need to retire it after that hole due to the damage the grit has caused to the cover layer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dimple pattern can also affect spin, though in a more minor way. The exact number, size, depth and arrangement of dimples on the ball all affect the &quot;boundary layer&quot; of air passing around the ball in flight. Deeper dimples create a thicker boundary layer, reducing friction (the maximum depth of dimples is regulated by the Rules of Golf for this reason). Manufacturers have experimented with varying dimple patterns, with dimples of varying sizes, to create different flight characteristics, some more forgiving, others more consistent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T18:37:05.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12136" CreationDate="2016-07-20T19:45:18.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The informal name for a 5-under that is not a hole-in-one is an &quot;Ostrich&quot;. There is no official name for this score on a hole, because it has never been accomplished and it is unlikely we'll see it happen unless we see a reversal in allowable technology in golf clubs, such that we see PGA Tour players truly outstrip amateur scratch players in drive distance again, as we did prior to the &quot;metalwood revolution&quot;. This is the only situation in which we'll see a reduction in average hole yardage for each par to lower the &quot;slope rating&quot;, allowing the very longest hitters to reach longer greens in just one or two shots when it would normally take three or four.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, the situation in which it is even possible to score a -5 is rare enough, never mind actually doing it. It would require, by definition, a Par-6 or Par-7 hole. There are only 7 Par-6 holes in the U.S., and no active Par-7s. The only two par-7s I know of in the world are at Satsuki Golf Club in Japan, and at Gunsan Country Club in South Korea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second and more importantly, a hole-in-one, aka an &quot;Ace&quot;, is exactly that regardless of the hole's par. If you Ace a Par-4, it's technically an Albatross as well, but they'll be calling it an Ace, because it's much more difficult to Ace a Par-4 than to score an Albatross on a Par-5. So extending this to longer holes, you'd need to score a 2 on a Par-7 to hit an &quot;Ostrich&quot; and have it be called that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, let's head to Satsuki. It's the shorter of the two par-7s at &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; 914 yards to edge of green from the regular tee. It runs slightly downhill but is as straight as you're likely to find, so there's no cutting corners (which most of the &quot;Condor&quot; -4 scores in history have required); to hit this hole in two would require an average shot distance, between your drive and your fairway shot, of 457 yards. The Guiness world record longest drive in professional competition was 515 yards by Mike Austin at what is now the Desert Rose Golf Course hole #14 (which, somewhat ironically, was only 455 yards at the time the shot was made). However, the longest Hole-in-1 recorded in history is actually longer, 517 yards, by Mike Crean at Green Valley in Denver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say you matched Crean's yardage on this hole. Assuming your shot landed straight in line with the hole, your second shot would be &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; 397 yards, off the deck with a 3-wood this time, and this is the precision shot; this shot is the equivalent of acing a par-4 at about 400 yards from lie to green, with the added difficulty of hitting off the deck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this feat would require you to not only match or break a world record, but on your very next shot afterward on the same hole, you must do something only nine golfers in professional golf history have done, and you have to do it without the benefit of a tee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering only 4 condors have &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; been recorded, at least two of them by cutting a dogleg, and that the longest hole-in-one in history is a full 204 yards short of the shortest par-6 in the U.S., I think it's safe to say that the chances of anyone recording an attested -5 on a hole in our lifetimes is effectively zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T20:19:01.933" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T20:19:01.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2995" CreationDate="2016-07-20T23:08:59.263" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My guess is that the 15 m line was chosen because it is the least multiple of 5 m that will not force most swimmers to surface unnaturally early after the start. Had they picked 10 m, half of us would break the rule by just doing what used to be normal. Of course, by introducing the rule they also made most of us strive to reach further than before. A 50 back or 50 fly in short course is not much swimming anymore. And the same swimmer can excel in both events by just having a great kick in a way you just couldn't in the days when swimmers swam more in these events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why freestyle is not free to be done totally submerged, it basically goes back to the origins of the sport. It was always done on the surface (sub-surface swimming, with mono fins and snorkels for example, is governed by a different organisation) and when flip turns were invented, no one thought about restricting the under water part of the turn because everyone returned to the surface soon enough to breathe anyway. The backstroke events at the Seoul olympics changed that. And when the rule was introduced for backstroke, it was also introduced for butterfly and freestyle to avoid the same thing happening there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, backstroke is pretty much as free as freestyle. You just cannot chose to swim it on your stomach like you can in freestyle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastEditorUserId="11752" LastEditDate="2016-07-20T23:22:01.907" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T23:22:01.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4201" CreationDate="2016-07-20T23:38:47.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that is too much for a child her age. I didn't start training six-a-weeks until I was much older, and did not start morning practices until well into my teens. You will run the risk of making her hate what she obviously loves. That risk is not worth taking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You seem to have got some funny advice of the other thing too. With swimming four times a week, there is absolutely no need to find your child a new sport. Unless she really wants to. Kids need their sleep, and they need other interests than hanging around athletic facilities. Let that come by itself. If she learns to love the sport, it will not be something she can refrain from doing sooner or later anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm saying this from personal experience. I competed for 23 years, and I still swim and compete in masters (adult age group) swimming. Had I felt pushed into it at any time as a child, I would not now have a sport I love and which I will perform for the rest of my life. You know how you often hear sports journalists saying how much you have to sacrifice for your sport? They have no idea what they're talking about. For me, the sacrifice would have been to not be able to swim. Precisely because I learned to love it, gradually as a kid, it brought me all the rewards it did. I wish the same for all kids who start swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T23:38:47.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10521" CreationDate="2016-07-20T23:59:45.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, even if triathletes who have not been swimmers are notoriously crappy at swimming, and even if you are almost 50, there's no reason you shouldn't be able to do a sub 2'00&quot; per 100. My suspicion is that it mostly has to do with technique, although cycling and running will leave you lacking in upper body strength too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advice you got in the comments is good: find a local masters team, or a triathlon club with a good swim coach. Also, definitely train more in the pool to gain speed and correct technique. Open water swimming is too different from pool swimming to really be able to give the same benefits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common technique flaw in non-swimmers trying to swim is lifting the head. As you lift the head ever so slightly you make your legs sink. That increases drag a lot, since drag depends on the cross-section area you present to the water. That's probably why &quot;total immersion&quot; is so popular with triathletes ans swim-runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another technique flaw you might have gained by not swimming enough pool swimming is lack of reach and finish, and lack of rotation, either as a consequence or cause of the former. In a wetsuit it is easy to swim too flat, not rotating properly, and as a consequence not reaching far enough to catch the water. And when you don't reach, you automatically don't finish, missing the last part of the stroke that would have given the most speed. To gain this technique you require strong core muscles and lats, delts and pecs, so don't cheat out on some gym exercising in addition to the running and cycling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T23:59:45.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5427" CreationDate="2016-07-21T00:22:46.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know how you are expecting to float, really. Humans do float, even in fresh water, but only barely. Try it for yourself next time at the pool. Fill your lungs and just hang vertically in the water. The only thing above the surface will be the top of your head. Now try it on your back, horizontally in the water. Same thing: only a bit of you (a few toes, a bit of swimsuit, or your nose) will poke out of the water. To be able to breathe, you have to make sure those few percent of your body that reaches above the surface is your mouth. Poke your foot out, and your head sinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now bring this experience into your swimming. In order to not waste effort on staying above water – just don't. No matter what stroke you do most of you is submerged. Even in breaststroke your face is under water except when you breathe. If that is where the problem lies, get a good pair of goggles if you plan on swimming any more than just paddling in the hotel pool or cooling off at the beach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, I think, the only way around the issue: realise that keeping your head above water takes effort (that is why we have to tread water and not just float), and work on your swimming skills to not waste so much effort on that. That is, get your head and face in the water when you swim. Then keep going and start swimming for exercise regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T00:22:46.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3767" CreationDate="2016-07-21T00:34:15.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can swim 14 times a week, like all swimmers have done at many occasions, if you want. &quot;Rest days&quot; in swimming is when you only go once and only 5k instead of 7. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really, the talk about rest days is probably something they came up with in a bodybuilding gym, and sure, for us swimmers lifting every other day is probably good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the ache in the shoulder, I think you should be diligent in stretching your pectoral muscles. As you know, a typical swimmer's stance is a bit hunched, because the big and strong chest muscles pull the shoulders forward. This increases stress on the small muscles on the back of the shoulder joint and may cause the pain you describe. Stretch your chest to return the shoulder to its proper place and to relieve the stress on the smaller muscles. Stretching in general also helps your swimming, since many of the movements we do are at the full range of motion of certain muscles. Swimming without being able to reach all the way is not what you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T00:34:15.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5540" CreationDate="2016-07-21T00:51:49.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell us how your race went!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to answer the question, to become good at long distances like the 2.5k, you need at least two things. You already have one of them: you have done the distance in practice. The second is to raise your aerobic capacity. So those &quot;sprints&quot; that triathlon magazine you got a tip about in another answer are really not the way to go. Sprints are anaerobic, and although you will need some of that in open water swimming too, it is not the core of your workouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are three examples of sets you can vary and use to get your heart rate up to just below your anaerobic threshold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16x50 at an interval that gives you between 5 and 10 rest.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10x200 at an interval that gives you 15&quot; to 20&quot; rest.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point here is the interval. Don't just rest a set number of seconds, force yourself to make the chosen interval and to get more rest you have to swim faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2x50 + 100&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4x50 + 200&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6x50 + 300&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8x50 + 400&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10x50 + 500&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice how that set is 500 longer than your race, and the same as your current workout. The 50s are for getting your heart rate up, faster than your race pace, and the following distance is for you to practice your target race pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T00:51:49.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14164" CreationDate="2016-07-21T04:44:38.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the penalties for causing collisions vary depending on the severity of the crash. Most common penalties seen nowadays are grid penalties for the following race and 10-second time penalties. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take Monaco 2016 for example, as the race offered both kinds of penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple examples of accidents that caused grid penalties are Daniil Kvyat and Marcus Ericsson. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kvyat lunged into Kevin Magnussen's Renault into Rascasse and sent&#xA;both cars into the wall, which brought out double yellow flags in the&#xA;final sector.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ericsson did the same move Kvyat did, but on his Sauber teammate Felipe Nasr, with equal results. This actually resulted in both Saubers scoring a DNF.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Valtteri Bottas and Pascal Wehrlein were given 10-second time penalties added to their overall race times, but for completely different reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On the final lap again at Rascasse, Bottas made a move on the inside of Esteban Gutierrez's Haas, pushing him off line and nearly into the wall, but while none of the cars were damaged, Bottas' move was aggressive enough to cause unnecessary contact.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pascal Wehrlein meanwhile, was actually given two separate 10-second time penalties. First was for ignoring blue flags, and the other for lapping too quickly during the Virtual Safety Car period.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the Rosberg-Hamilton crash in Austria, Rosberg was found to be the aggressor, but because he came out the worst in that accident, and Hamilton did not go off the track and lose several positions nor sustained significant damage, the penalty was not too severe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Licenses_driving_protocol_and_penalties.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;In the F1 website&lt;/a&gt;, they actually stated that the stewards have the power to give tougher penalties for &quot;extreme cases&quot;, which includes the grid penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: A more specific entry on the regulations and on the applications of penalties from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIA Formula One World Championship Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;38) INCIDENTS DURING THE RACE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;38.1 &quot;Incident&quot; means any occurrence or series of occurrences involving one or more drivers, or any action by any driver, which is reported to the stewards by the race director (or noted by the stewards and subsequently investigated) which :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;d) Caused a collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;38.3 The stewards may impose any one of the penalties below on any driver involved in an Incident:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;b) A ten second time penalty. The driver must enter the pit lane, stop in his pit stop position for at least ten seconds and then re-join the race. The relevant driver may however elect not to stop, provided he carries out no further pit stop before the end of the race. In such cases ten seconds will be added to the elapsed race time of the driver concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;g) A drop of any number of grid positions at the driver’s next Event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-07-21T06:19:36.393" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T06:19:36.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13622" CreationDate="2016-07-21T04:56:22.747" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only time pole positions are counted in a driver's statistics in F1 are when they are officially classified in the race starting grid on pole position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One good example would be Michael Schumacher, who, in Monaco 2012, despite qualifying on pole, started 6th after his 5-place grid penalty from crashing with Sergio Perez in Catalunya was served. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Monaco_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mark Webber, who qualified 2nd, was then credited pole position when he moved up after Schumacher's penalty.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would have been Schumacher's 69th pole position in his F1 career, but since he did not start the race in pole, it was not counted. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_polesitters#By_driver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;As such, his pole count remains at 68, and his last recognized pole position was still the 2006 French GP.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-08-05T01:54:54.153" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T01:54:54.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14279" CreationDate="2016-07-21T06:15:56.677" Score="1" ViewCount="2893" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there are many par 6 holes in golf courses and is Par 6 the highest for a hole?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does any golf course have par 7 hole in the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-07-23T13:32:08.583" LastActivityDate="2016-07-23T13:32:08.583" Title="Par 7 in golf hole?" Tags="|trivia|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14275" CreationDate="2016-07-21T06:46:13.163" Score="2" ViewCount="5469" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading around the net during this off-season, I noticed the term &lt;em&gt;&quot;Player Option&quot;&lt;/em&gt; comes around a lot, especially with high profile players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it's a clause in their contracts, but my question is how do these Player Options work? What do they actually do for the player's contract status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player takes their player option, does that mean they can re-sign for max contracts? And if they don't take the player option, do they become unrestricted free agents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-21T07:50:51.647" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T16:45:29.457" Title="Player Option in Contracts?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14274" CreationDate="2016-07-21T07:49:10.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As written on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/knicks/freeagency/faqs.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;nba website&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Player Option&lt;/strong&gt; gives the player the right to extend the length of the contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look that an unrestricted free agent is able to sign with any team he chooses while a restricted free agent's original team has the chance to keep the player by matching the offer sheet signed with another team. This is known as the &quot;right of first refusal.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T07:49:10.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14277" CreationDate="2016-07-21T08:40:02.103" Score="-1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What teams, in the four major North American leagues (NHL, NBA, NFL, MLB), won their first ever game?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This includes both expansion franchises (e.g., Minnesota Wild) and relocations (e.g., Atlanta Thrashers -&amp;gt; Winnipeg Jets, Seattle SuperSonics -&amp;gt; Oklahoma City Thunder).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I take it is easier for recent additions or relocations, but it is somewhat harder to determine, for example, if the Ottawa Senators of the NHL won their first ever game, in 1917, the year the original team joined the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what I have figured out so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;NBA&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vancouver Grizzlies (beat the Portland TrailBlazers 92-80 on Nov 3, 1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Toronto Raptors (beat the New Jersey Nets 94-79 on Nov 3, 1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;NHL&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colorado Avalanche (beat the Detroit Red Wings 3-2 on Oct 6, 1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Atlanta Flames (beat the NY Islanders 3-2 on Oct 7, 1972)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dallas Stars (beat the Detroit Red Wings 6-4 on Oct 5, 1993)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;MLB&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Montreal Expos (beat the NY Mets 11-10 on Apr 8, 1969)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;NFL&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Houston Texans (beat the Dallas Cowboys 19-10 on Sep 8, 2002)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10410" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T11:03:26.423" Title="Teams in North American leagues that won their first game ever?" Tags="|trivia|history|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-07-21T10:56:57.693" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14276" CreationDate="2016-07-21T09:14:24.767" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you can count their first appearance being an exhibition game, the Orlando Magic won their first ever appearance against the Detroit Pistons in 1989.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T09:14:24.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14272" CreationDate="2016-07-21T09:32:54.860" Score="8" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Satsuki golf course in Sano, Japan. It's 964 yards long and is par 7.  More info &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yourgolftravel.com/19th-hole/2015/05/23/the-biggest-things-in-golf/2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gunsan Country Club has a 1098 yards hole also par 7. More info &lt;a href=&quot;http://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2014/09/07/photo-1100-yard-par-7-longest-golf-hole-world-7856/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and picture below&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PVpdT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PVpdT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;the course&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="11058" LastEditDate="2016-07-21T09:52:47.053" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T09:52:47.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14274" CreationDate="2016-07-21T12:44:28.937" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An option is the choice to continue the deal.  So a player option means the player can force the deal to be continued another year (assuming the money is guaranteed, they'll get paid another year... usually used by players who aren't going to find any better contracts), and a team option means the team can force the deal to be continued (the player must stay another year, usually used on players who would be worth more in free agency).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also early termination options, which for all intents might as well be player options really.  Just means the player can leave early (or choose to play the final year).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Restricted free agency is similar to a team option... except that they must match any other bids (or let the player go).  But they still can ensure you are kept by agreeing to the value others offer.  Coincidentally, in many (all?) cases, the team a player is leaving can offer MORE money than any other team can in free agency.  So the system is slightly slanted to the team that drafts a player (well, quite a lot, when rookie salary structure is considered).  But not enough to prevent the superteams of recent!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's humorous you'd hear it a lot this year... because now would be the one time in history more than any other when player options should basically never be picked up (unless the player's ability has fallen a ton)!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There was a 35% increase in money designated to go to players this year... and as you probably saw, that money goes into huge salary increases all around as teams try to spend what they must (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2016/7/2/12087368/nba-free-agency-2016-money-nfl-stars-explainer-andrew-luck-mike-conley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;see the reactions&lt;/a&gt;) (in fact, teams HAVE to add at least about $14 million to their salaries for this year, going from a cap of $70 mill to a minimum payout of $84 mill).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(* &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/contracts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt; suggests 20 teams haven't met this minimum salary as of right now..... they would end up doling the leftover money out among their current players evenly if they don't get to this $84 mill salary floor by season's end [teams like Miami are almost $30 million short right now!!!  Equal to a $2-3 million &quot;bonus&quot; per player... all for players value-wise tending to be underskilled and on bad teams!  A bonus for putting up with being on a bad team, that's a first!])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But imagine you're a player... you can stick with what you were getting paid last year... or get around 35% more in free agency, basically for free (because everyone has more money and it's there to be spent).  And if things aren't lined up right for you this year with the right teams, you could just sign a one year contract with someone, at a significant raise, then try to hit the bank again next year when it's all supposed to rise another 8%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://hangtime.blogs.nba.com/2016/07/01/free-agency-update-options-and-qualifying-offers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;nba.com story&lt;/a&gt; shows a paltry 3/29 (10%) of players took their option [and one was Tim Duncan, who retired afterwards... the others: Caron Butler and Mo Williams, both aging guys who played small minutes last year, and might've struggled to get signed at all (Butler was since waived)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3/6 (50%) of team options were picked up.  Because it's a deal when you can still pay last year's price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;25/37 (68%) of restricted free agents had their contracts matched (I guess if you have the great excess of money, and like a player enough to have played him last year, you're probably going to pay to keep him generally).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, not a year for seeing player options exercised.  And probably won't be for the next three offseasons either, as players with long-term contracts that are across-the-board 40%+ under market value end, and they'll want that same raise the rest of the league has gotten!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spotrac.com/nba/option/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a list of upcoming options at Spotrac.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at Duncan, Williams, Butler, and Durant (yes he really does have an option next year... and so he'll almost certainly be opting out... and we could be seeing all this again in a year... to go with Curry, James, Griffin, Westbrook, Paul, Lowry, Ibaka, Rose, and Wade), it seems there's no set number or percentage of how much an option goes up, but indeed it can't go down.  Most follow the trend of their contract for the first 4 years... go up a few % each year.  But up to how teams set up the initial deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also came across &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm&lt;/a&gt;, which has an absolute PILE of salary details that blow the mind!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;According to that, can only put one if player option, team option, or early termination in a contract, and only for final season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, coincidentally, turns out, though you don't hear about them nearly as often (commonly due to other big buzz terms more unique to each game), the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spotrac.com/nfl/option/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL&lt;/a&gt; (I hear franchise tag morel and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spotrac.com/mlb/option/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB&lt;/a&gt; (I hear arbitration more) have option contracts as well.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2014/01/options-in-mlb-contracts-overall-trends.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;And apparently they're showing up more often in baseball too.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-07-22T07:25:03.027" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T07:25:03.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14346" CreationDate="2016-07-21T20:37:58.657" Score="5" ViewCount="979" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Russian Track and Field team recently banned from the 2016 Rio De Janeiro Olympics, I'm wondering if any athlete has ever won medals, gold on particular, under the Olympic flag in the Winter or Summer Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletes normally compete under the flag of the country they're from, but complications can lead to an athlete competing independently under the Olympic flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If independents have won medals, why did they compete independently? If an athlete is of Olympic medal-winning calibre, why wouldn't any country want the athlete to compete for them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-07-23T01:07:25.563" LastActivityDate="2021-07-28T19:15:23.317" Title="Athletes who have won Olympic medals under the olympic flag" Tags="|trivia|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14282" CreationDate="2016-07-22T01:36:06.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has only been one instance where the Independent Olympians, as they are called, have won medals, which was in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Olympic_Participants_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics, where 3 Yugoslavian athletes won medals in Shooting.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During said Olympics, athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Macedonia competed as Independent Olympians. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_757&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yugoslavia being under UN sanctions&lt;/a&gt; at the time could not participate in the Olympics, while Macedonia have yet to establish their National Olympics Committee (NOC) back then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Olympians_at_the_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;There have been more instances&lt;/a&gt; where Independent Olympians have appeared because of some issues with their home countries that prevent them from being represented in the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T01:36:06.857" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13726" CreationDate="2016-07-22T04:30:03.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/files/rulebook/2016/2016-atp-rulebook_8jan16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, all the ATP 1000 matches have a tie-break in the final set, even the finals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ATP World&#xA;  Tour tournaments and the ATP Challenger Tour tournaments are governed by the&#xA;  ATP. Unless otherwise specified, all regulations are applicable to both ATP World&#xA;  Tour and ATP Challenger Tour tournaments.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ATP World Tour tournaments&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Barclays ATP World Tour Finals (singles &amp;amp; doubles)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;ATP World Tour Masters 1000&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ATP World Tour 500&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ATP World Tour 250&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  B.Matches – Number of Sets.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1) Singles. All matches, including finals, shall be the &lt;strong&gt;best of three (3) tie-break sets&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As for why, I assume they use tie-breaks in all of these non-slam tournaments for the same reason they don't play 5 sets: so that the whole tournament is less taxing on the players (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; can happen without tie-breaks). They used to play 5 sets in the finals for the masters tournaments and stopped doing that because it would wear down players enough to where they wouldn't be able to consistently play all of the masters tournaments. To give an example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/05/15/tennis.berlin/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2006, Federer and Nadal both had to pull out of Hamburg after their long 5 set final in Rome&lt;/a&gt;. The next year, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_World_Tour_Masters_1000&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Masters 1000's&lt;/a&gt; were all reduced to 3 sets, which was possibly spurred by this incident. (Even back in 2006 though, all 5 sets were tie-break sets)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11764" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T04:30:03.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14285" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-22T17:45:22.457" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll be going to the Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremonies in a few days, and would like to understand how they handle autographs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the inductees give autographs? For free or for a cost? Or does it vary depending on who the inductees are?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9286" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T04:20:43.723" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T04:20:43.723" Title="Can you get autographs of the Baseball HOF inductees?" Tags="|baseball|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14579" CreationDate="2016-07-23T07:50:33.840" Score="3" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;While both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tour_de_France_secondary_classification_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tour de France&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Giro_d%27Italia_classification_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Giro d'Italia&lt;/a&gt; have young rider classification, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vuelta_a_Espa%C3%B1a_classification_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vuelta a España&lt;/a&gt; does not have a competition for young riders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it known for what reasons decision not to have young riders classification was made? Has a possibility of young riders classification at Vuelta been discussed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: In 2019, the combination classification was discontinued and young rider classification was introduced instead. See Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_classification_in_the_Vuelta_a_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Combination classification in the Vuelta a España&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Combination_classification_in_the_Vuelta_a_Espa%C3%B1a&amp;amp;oldid=908695060&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vuelta-a-espana-introduces-young-rider-jersey-in-2019/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vuelta a Espana introduces young rider jersey in 2019&lt;/a&gt; at Cyclingnews (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190405144900/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vuelta-a-espana-introduces-young-rider-jersey-in-2019/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T04:57:08.570" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T04:57:08.570" Title="Why does not Vuelta have young rider jersey?" Tags="|ranking|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14290" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15286" CreationDate="2016-07-23T14:12:17.180" Score="4" ViewCount="2974" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering all the lowest individual scores scored during a full innings (All 10 wickets fall), what is the highest among those? i.e, the greatest number of runs scored by the lowest scoring batsman of the team? Which match did this happen and what was the result of this match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm primarily interested in test cricket, but also answers referring to first class cricket, one day or Twenty20 would be of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T07:05:40.790" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T17:21:06.667" Title="Highest runs scored by the lowest scoring batsman in a full innings in test cricket" Tags="|cricket|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-23T15:12:17.607" Score="2" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering all the median scores of a full innings (All the 10 wickets fall), what is the highest among those, i.e, the greatest median run score from a full team of batsmen from a single innings? Which match did this happen and what was the result of this match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm primarily interested in test cricket, but answers from first class cricket, one day or Twenty20 would be of interest too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T01:37:22.247" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T01:37:22.247" Title="Highest median score of a full innings in test cricket" Tags="|cricket|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14292" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-23T15:49:07.863" Score="3" ViewCount="1112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing &quot;killers&quot;, the billiards variant in Ireland a while ago. I was left with one life left and I did not feel I had a shot to sink any balls, so I decided I'd use my shot to make the next person's shot much more difficult by intentionally cueing the ball a few inches forward without striking any colored balls. I figured I lose a life whether I foul or whether I fail to sink, and I only have one life left, so why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was accused of cheating. Is that right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2075" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-07-25T05:09:18.727" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T05:09:18.727" Title="Is an intentional foul in &quot;killers&quot; pool considered cheating?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14292" CreationDate="2016-07-24T03:53:08.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Philosophically or factually?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt; in both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deliberately breaking a rule, and choosing to not play in the spirit of the game, are both considered cheating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T03:53:08.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-24T09:44:05.120" Score="-1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;We all know that, for making result in cricket match both the umpair goes for the help of D/L method, but how this is been calculated,?  please anybody answer this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T20:00:40.950" Title="In an interrupted cricket match, how D/L Method is calculated?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-07-24T21:21:32.067" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14292" CreationDate="2016-07-24T09:53:25.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From initial reading, it appears that killers or killer is a variation of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=120&amp;amp;pagetype=rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;black ball&lt;/a&gt;, given that it uses the same table layout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find a definitive guide to killer rules, but there is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_(pool)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;. It contains this pertinent information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Usually if the player scratches then an additional life is lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scratching usually means pocketing the cue ball, but can also mean failing to contact a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that in any game that is serious enough to have players complain about cheating, this rule (ie. losing two points on a foul) would probably apply to prevent perverse incentives arising. Having said that, you were on your last life, so it wouldn't have made much difference here anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your opponent failed to consider that the player taking the shot before him had nothing to lose, that's his problem for not preparing accordingly. There's nothing to say that had you made an honest attempt, that the resulting leave would have been any better for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deliberately fouling in pool games is generally not seen to be &quot;cheating&quot;, as the penalties for fouling are generally strong enough to prevent the affected party from feeling aggrieved. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.miniclip.com/social/8-ball-pool/forum/en/#/discussion/4785/cheating-deliberate-fouls/p2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This discussion&lt;/a&gt; seems to share that consensus - in 8-ball, for example, the ball-in-hand penalty is seen as a strong enough disincentive to deliberate fouling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T09:53:25.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14298" CreationDate="2016-07-24T20:00:40.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have a look at the ICC regulations on Duckworth-Lewis - available as a PDF from &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/542b8685a3693-06]%20Duckworth%20Lewis_2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. There's also a FAQ, although I haven't read it, available from the same site, &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/542b84d41b3c2-The%20D_L%20methodology%20-%20Answers%20to%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions.docx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T20:00:40.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2016-07-25T09:49:53.213" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In practice, the trajectory of the ball is taken in consideration as well, i.e. &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; the ball &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the serving player must be blocked before action is taken. And considering that the ball trajectory starts quite high wit a jump serve, most referees will not interpret this as the ball being blocked from sight. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So only when...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the service is not a jump service&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball goes straight over the screening (front) players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the front players seem to deliberately construct a screen (e.g. are moving along with the receivers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...will most referees consider a screening, but as this is all very hard to see/judge from his position, most will also wait for complaints from the receiving team, and most likely solve it with a verbal warning to the screening team instead of a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_VB_Refereeing_Guidelines_and_Instructions_updated_03.03.2016.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Guidelines for International referees&lt;/a&gt; don't mention all these points, but might give some clarification:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12.7:&lt;/strong&gt; The 1st referee should pay attention to screening during the execution of the service when a player or group of players of the serving team, waving arms, jumping or moving sideways or by standing grouped, prevent their opponent from seeing the server and flight path of the ball (i.e. both criteria need to be satisfied for player actions/positions to be judged as a screen).So if the served ball can be seen clearly throughout its path, until it crosses the net to the opponent, it cannot be considered as a screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11597" LastEditorUserId="11597" LastEditDate="2016-08-03T12:12:37.447" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T12:12:37.447" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14306" CreationDate="2016-07-25T14:53:45.297" Score="3" ViewCount="2157" Body="&lt;p&gt;In singles, the player who has an even score stands on the right side of a court and the person who has an odd score stands on the left side of the court. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I want to ask about that system in a &lt;strong&gt;doubles team&lt;/strong&gt;. How should each player of a team be arranged on the court?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11782" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T17:20:43.220" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T17:20:43.220" Title="Player positioning in Doubles Badminton" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14305" CreationDate="2016-07-25T22:30:35.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before each game, the umpire will ask each side which of the players will be serving or receiving. If there is no umpire, the opponents may ask, or more commonly, players just position themselves. At the start of a game, both server and receiver stand on their right side; their partners may stand anywhere on court as long as they don't obscure the opponents&lt;sup&gt;§9.5&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When the receiving side wins a rally, the players remain&lt;/strong&gt; on the sides they were at the start of the last rally&lt;sup&gt;§11.3.2&lt;/sup&gt;. The right to serve cycles through&lt;sup&gt;§11.4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The original server (Alice)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The partner of the original receiver (Bella)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The partner of the original server (Alex)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The original receiver (Bob)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If team B (Bob and Bella) win the rally, Bella will serve to Alex, from her left side.&#xA;If team A win the next rally after that, Alex will serve to Bella, from his left side.&#xA;If team B wins the next rally after that, Bob will serve to Alice, from his right side.&#xA;If team A wins the next rally after that, we have completed the cycle, and Alice will serve again to Bob, from her right side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When the serving team wins a rally, the server switches sides and continues to serve&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;§11.3.1&lt;/sup&gt;. For instance, if team A wins the first serve, Alice will now serve again, from her left, to Bella. If team A wins the next rally, Alice serves from the right, to Bob. This continues on and on; Alice keeps serving until team B wins a point or the game is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that sounds complicated, there is a very helpful rule to remember: &lt;strong&gt;If the score of the serving team is even, they serve from the right. If the score of the serving team is odd, they serve from the left.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, if team B wins the first rally, the score is 1-0. Since 1 is odd, the team serves from the left, where Bella is standing at the moment, so she's serving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you prefer a more interactive demo, I've &lt;a href=&quot;https://aufschlagwechsel.de/bup/#servedemo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;set up one here&lt;/a&gt;. Simply click &lt;code&gt;+1&lt;/code&gt; to see what happens when one of the teams scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original laws referenced throughout this answer, &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20June%202016%20Revised%202.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;download them from the Badminton world federation&lt;/a&gt;. Note that this explanation applies to the current 3x21 and the experimental 5x11 rally-point systems - before 2006, the rules were different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T14:31:26.443" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T14:31:26.443" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14308" CreationDate="2016-07-26T01:18:15.540" Score="3" ViewCount="3428" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assists in basketball are counted as passes that directly lead to a scored basket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've noticed players passing to their open teammates for a jumpshot, or throw up lobs for players cutting to the basket, but there are also times when I've seen assists count where the receiver takes a few steps after getting the ball before making a shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how much time does a receiving player have to score for it to count as an assisted basket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T02:55:50.227" Title="Counting an assist" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14307" CreationDate="2016-07-26T02:01:59.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It varies from NCAA and NBA but I'll try and explain as best as possible&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player will receive an assist after making a pass that directly leads to a made field goal. The statistician can determine this. However the statistician can also rule out the assist if he thinks that the pass was either too routine or if too many dribbles were made before the basket was scored, but that's up to them&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player will receive an assist if they make the last pass that leads to a field goal. Also determined by a statistician. However, for it to count as an assist the receiving player must move directly towards the basket before scoring&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/141986-basketball-rules-assists/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/canada/Basketball_U_on_Assists-Canada_Generic_Article-18072.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="11058" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T02:55:50.227" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T02:55:50.227" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14311" CreationDate="2016-07-26T04:39:31.213" Score="1" ViewCount="6899" Body="&lt;p&gt;In table tennis, the serve changes after every 5 serves. But I don't understand that rule.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If A wins a rally, A get 1 point. After that, if B wins a rally, B get 1 point. Now, who should do the next serving, A or B?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't understand what &quot;after every 5 serves&quot; means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11782" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T16:16:24.023" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T16:16:24.023" Title="Serving Changes in Table Tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-10-19T07:13:45.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14310" CreationDate="2016-07-26T04:54:45.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, your statement of the rule is not correct. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pongworld.com/more/rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pongworld&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;After each 2 points have been scored&lt;/strong&gt; the receiving player or pair shall become the serving player or pair and so on until the end of the game, unless both players or pairs score 10 points or the expedite system is in operation, when the sequences of serving and receiving shall be the same but each player shall serve for only 1 point in turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very different specification from even &quot;every two serves&quot;, much less from &quot;every five serves &quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A serve which leads to a rally in which no point is scored (i.e. a let) would not be counted under the official rules, while it would be counted under your specification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite simply, the &lt;em&gt;winner of the point&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;number of serves made&lt;/em&gt; are both irrelevant. It is the &lt;em&gt;number of points won&lt;/em&gt; since service last changed (or when serving first, since the match started) which matters. Whether it was A twice, B twice, each once or that there were fifty lets in between, the serve won't change until two points are scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes it easy to determine when service will change. Simply add the scores of both players. If the total is odd, the same player serves again. If it is even, the other player serves the next rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception is during expedited serve, where service changes after every point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T05:30:08.303" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T05:30:08.303" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5697" CreationDate="2016-07-26T12:41:50.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The record in the Dutch competition is:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/volleybalnl/photos/a.126387217439024.29600.123272957750450/921607021250369/?type=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;57-55&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was an amateur-level match, three years after introduction of rally point (must be around 2003)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11597" LastEditorUserId="11597" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T07:04:28.430" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T07:04:28.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14314" CreationDate="2016-07-26T18:21:17.763" Score="14" ViewCount="563" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many languages make use of characters outside the standard English A-Z set, and these characters often make it into family names, e.g., &lt;em&gt;Özil&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Fàbregas&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Čech&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Szczęsny&lt;/em&gt;, and so forth. Surprisingly (to me), kit manufacturers often produce shirts where the player's name has a special character replaced with the closest approximation within the English A-Z set, e.g.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At Arsenal, Szczęsny's shirt says &lt;em&gt;Szczesny&lt;/em&gt;, and this version of the name is even used &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/wojciech-szczesny&quot;&gt;in the club's website&lt;/a&gt;. Similarly, Čech &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/petr-cech&quot;&gt;goes by &lt;em&gt;Cech&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Many Iceland players have names with a &lt;em&gt;þ&lt;/em&gt; or a &lt;em&gt;ð&lt;/em&gt; in them, and then carry shirts where it is replaced with &lt;em&gt;th&lt;/em&gt;. For example, Sigþórsson went around the Euro this summer with a shirt that said &lt;em&gt;Sigthorsson&lt;/em&gt;. This is also the version of his name in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fcnantes.com/groupepro/20152016/fiche.php?numjoueur=143&quot;&gt;his Nantes website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many such examples can be provided. Effectively, the only special characters that regularly make it into shirts are Germanic umlauts and Spanish/Portuguese accents. This is odd, because the change in spelling often entails a change in pronunciation (e.g., Šmicer's Liverpool shirt used to say &lt;em&gt;Smicer&lt;/em&gt;, even though &lt;em&gt;š&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt; correspond to different sounds; this is like giving Ronaldo a shirt that says &lt;em&gt;Renaldo&lt;/em&gt; and then going &quot;eh, close enough, who cares&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So  here there are actually two questions. &lt;strong&gt;First&lt;/strong&gt;, why do clothing companies systematically produce shirts with known misspellings (unlikely to be economic reasons, I think; the cost of procuring additional characters is probably trivial relative to the size of the market)? And &lt;strong&gt;second&lt;/strong&gt;, why do the relevant players systematically tolerate the misspellings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T19:33:04.397" Title="Usage of unusual characters in sports shirts" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14313" CreationDate="2016-07-26T19:33:04.397" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/51/54/30/equipment_reg_26032010_en.pdf&quot;&gt;FIFA equipment regulations&lt;/a&gt; mandate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.6 The letters used for the Player’s name must be (...) Latin characters. Phonological diaeresis, such as accents or umlauts, are permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to both of your questions is: Because the FIFA laws say so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only speculate as to &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; these laws are there. Most likely, referees and spectators will prefer to have any spelling they can pronounce. For instance, I have no idea how to start pronouncing 郑智, 武磊 or 郜林. Although the spellings Zheng Zhi, Wu Lei, and Gao Lin probably don't match the correct pronunciation, they are sufficiently recognizable and allow any European to approximate the player's name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even worse than not being  able to pronounce these names, it may also be hard to &lt;em&gt;distinguish&lt;/em&gt; them during a fast-paced match. In effect, names written in unknown character sets do not fulfill the primary function of a name; identifying a person by name would be hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any ruling that forbids writing out the full player's names in press materials such as club websites. My guess would be that it's more important for the name to be consistent than right; if every English fan mispronounces the name the same way, they can still talk about the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect renderings may also result in a better pronunciation. Asking a German how Sigþórsson would be pronounced, the result would be likely be Siɡpʰɔʁsɔn, whereas Sigthorsson's German pronunciation of Siɡtʰɔʁsɔn is much closer to the correct one (in addition to creating an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dict.cc/german-english/Siegtor.html&quot;&gt;excellent pun&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players have to follow FIFA laws. Just as some players would like to play with a cool cap, or have sponsor names on their shirts, they have to bow to the laws. Also, some players may themselves prefer their names' pronunciation to be consistent but wrong - or sometimes, as in the case of Sigþórsson, rendered incorrectly but pronounced (more) correctly, because a recognizable/spellable name increases prominence, and increased prominence translates to increased income.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T19:33:04.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10789" CreationDate="2016-07-27T10:28:05.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Basketball Club&lt;/em&gt; and local-language-appropriate equivalent phrases are relatively common among European teams, especially those that are not basketball divisions of a larger sports club. North American teams, on the other hand, invariably (I think) use the template &lt;em&gt;Location Moniker&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the teams in your game are going to be based on the actual teams, then probably you should use the actual names of the teams (in this particular case, &lt;em&gt;Miami Heat&lt;/em&gt;, period), provided that there are no legal provisions against that. This is something you should consult with a specialized lawyer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9038" LastActivityDate="2016-07-27T10:28:05.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14323" CreationDate="2016-07-28T23:30:42.817" Score="1" ViewCount="1288" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that one should never shoot a compound bow without an arrow in it or it'll break, often beyond repair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is it safe to draw it without an arrow, and then to slowly relax it again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11792" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T08:23:11.620" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T00:21:21.613" Title="Draw Bow Without Arrow" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14318" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:20:31.310" Score="4" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situation: Runners are at first and second, with one out. The ball is hit to short, and the Shortstop catches it on the short hop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner, that was originally on second, returns to second thinking the ball was caught. The runner from first advances to second, and touches the bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire called the lead runner out as they stood on second, for not advancing. &lt;em&gt;Then&lt;/em&gt; they called the runner from first out, because the baseman had touched the lead runner standing on the bag so they'd forced the following runner out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this be true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11793" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T15:17:17.077" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T17:46:02.783" Title="Forced at second: is the double play legitimate?" Tags="|officiating|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14321" CreationDate="2016-07-29T03:13:45.053" Score="1" ViewCount="985" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can recall moments from a few years ago when Fernando Alonso would be communicating with his race engineer Andrea Stella in either Italian or English, or sometimes even a mix of both, and they'd play it back that way on team radio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays in F1, radio communications in the teams' native languages are noticeably absent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has there been any recent regulations that restrict F1 teams and drivers to communicate only in English whenever they are out on track? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T06:47:10.783" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T07:50:33.220" Title="Spoken languages in team radio" Tags="|rules|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14320" CreationDate="2016-07-29T06:45:47.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On official &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2016/3/the-2016-season-preview---new-rules--teams--drivers---races.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;limitations on radio communication&lt;/a&gt; there are no indications as to the language to use, so I believe that &lt;strong&gt;there are no restrictions in this regard&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can add that all pit to car radio transmissions must be open and accessible to both the FIA and broadcasters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T07:50:33.220" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T07:50:33.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14317" CreationDate="2016-07-29T14:01:56.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I tried archery many years ago, I was taught the same, for recurve bows as well as compound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanation is that drawing the bow stores energy in the limbs of the bow (flexing them). When released with an arrow, that energy is ideally transferred to the arrow, but without an arrow the energy has nowhere to go; the result is vibration in the string and limbs which damages the limbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relaxing the bow slowly is safe because the stored energy is being transferred, essentially, back to the arm of the person who drew it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'm less confident in this part because I may be mis-remembering it: some bows may actually advise flexing the bow gently a few times in just this manner before shooting, to &quot;warm it up&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T14:01:56.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14182" CreationDate="2016-07-29T14:32:02.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, that's a mystifying one, because you won't see it anywhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WR = World Record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AR = American Record (outside the USA, this means &quot;Area Record&quot;; properly it should be NR or National Record)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MR = Meet Record (it's ambiguous if this means Olympic Trials record or US Championships record - this event, regardless of setting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HF = Hayward Field (elsewhere this would be a &quot;facility record,&quot; &quot;venue record,&quot; or &quot;track record&quot; - generally of little consequence unless the venue has hosted many high-level events)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WL = World Leader, fastest time in the world so far this year, in this event&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AL = American leader, fastest time in this event by an American this year, relevant only because the field for the Olympic Trials is limited to US citizens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;OS is the Olympic Standard, the time athletes needed to reach to qualify for selection to the team - a top three finish wouldn't matter if an athlete hasn't beaten this time in the qualifying period.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Area Records&quot; can also be called &quot;Continental&quot; records, since the IAAF's &quot;Areas&quot; align roughly with the continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, NACAC, Oceania. You see a lot of these at Olympic and World Championships. The use, in the USA, of &quot;American Record&quot; to indicate a national record means the &quot;AR&quot; abbreviation can be ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a concept formally known as &quot;All-Comers Records&quot; which is similar to national records. A national record is the fastest time by a citizen of a given state, regardless of where it's run, e.g. if Nick Willis sets a national record in Boston, it's still the New Zealand record despite being run in the USA. The all-comers record is the fastest time inside the borders of a given state, regardless of the nationality of the athlete. For example, most of the all-comers records in China were run by foreign athletes at the 2008 Olympics or 2015 World Championships. All-comers records are a non-issue at a national event like the Olympic Trials, in which all athletes share a single nationality, but can be hyped by meet promoters in other contexts (and sometimes there's a legitimate thrill to it: &quot;Nobody has ever run this fast here!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T14:32:02.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14318" CreationDate="2016-07-29T17:46:02.783" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I won't quote a rulebook as you haven't specified a ruleset, but the rules are fairly consistent (and well known).  Once you specify which rules you play under I can find the rule quote.  One example is from the National Softball Association rules, Section 8c.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first runner to occupy a base is entitled to that base legally. The second runner is not protected by that base.  The trailing runner is not &lt;em&gt;automatically&lt;/em&gt; out, however, so long as they do not &lt;em&gt;pass&lt;/em&gt; the lead runner.  If they are still in the right order, then both are still 'safe' until put out by a tag or a force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, the question here is largely one of what happened with the fielded ball.  Assuming the runners did not pass out of order, then, and both are physically touching second base, the following are possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The base was tagged first.  If that is the case, the runner from first is out.  The runner from second then is no longer forced and can stay on the base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The runner from first was tagged first. Same as above - the runner from second is no longer forced and is entitled to stay on his base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The runner from second was tagged first.  Then, the runner from second is out (as it is a force play); the runner from first is then entitled to the base as the only not-out runner and may stay on the base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of these end up with a double play, you'll note; a runner always ends up on second base.  The only way a double play would have been possible is if the runner from first had not touched the base; then it would be a force, assuming the fielder tagged the runner from second AND the base itself (just tagging the runner is not sufficient).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the runner from first was in contact with the base, and the first action on the part of the fielder was to tag the runner from second (prior to touching the base with his/her foot), then the runner from second is out, and the runner from first is safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T17:46:02.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14450" CreationDate="2016-07-29T21:44:35.500" Score="2" ViewCount="1041" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though I'm curious about this in all sports, I'll limit my question to the scope of MLB for the moment.  My question is what (if any) are the rules regarding electronic assistance in baseball games?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Extrapolation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario 1:&lt;/strong&gt;  Player batting has a ear bud inside his ear that is receiving info from another party in real time about where the catcher is located; what pitch to expect; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario 2:&lt;/strong&gt; Pitcher is wearing ear bud and receiving information about where this player likes pitches, his weak spots, how he does in certain counts; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario 3:&lt;/strong&gt; Manager receives real time data about whether to challenge a call based on a team of people scouring instant replay video.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 1 seems like it is obviously illegal, and should be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 2 is no different than what pitchers do to prepare before games and perhaps between innings;  but it allows for a much finer control on a pitch by pitch basis - and for some reason feels like it should be illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 3 is legal and practiced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with that as background; my question expanded is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any rules governing this?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are they?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And given the vast array of potential uses for electronic assistance in the game, what are the guiding principles in determining legality in a given situation?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="9567" LastEditDate="2016-07-31T00:09:48.907" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T07:36:19.277" Title="Electronic Assistance in baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14327" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14365" CreationDate="2016-07-30T02:35:18.540" Score="4" ViewCount="3280" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've often heard of 2000 rank or 1250 rank in competitive table tennis. What does this mean? How far do ranks go? How do you attain a rank? I live in the USA so the governing body is the USATT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11794" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T00:11:18.447" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T19:28:29.530" Title="How do rankings in competitive table tennis work?" Tags="|table-tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13841" CreationDate="2016-07-30T08:08:32.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All&lt;/strong&gt; - Shahid Afridi (Pak)-71-Sharjah Cricket Stadium, U.A.E&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Test&lt;/strong&gt; -CL Cairns (NZ)-23-Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ODI&lt;/strong&gt; - Shahid Afridi (Pak)-65-Sharjah Cricket Stadium, U.A.E&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T20I&lt;/strong&gt; - MJ Guptill (NZ)-19-Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Source: ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[All]: &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;template=results;type=batting;view=ground&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;template=results;type=batting;view=ground&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[Test]:&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;template=results;type=batting;view=ground&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;template=results;type=batting;view=ground&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I apparently can't post more than two links because my reputation is less than 10! You can click on ODI and T20I header on the stat page to get the other sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11747" LastEditorUserId="11747" LastEditDate="2016-07-30T08:30:10.033" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T08:30:10.033" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14081" CreationDate="2016-07-30T15:31:49.730" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as football (soccer) goes, in clubs that have many players from different countries speaking different languages, the following are typically the case for an example of an English football club with an Italian coach and some non-English speaking players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach will be required/strongly encouraged to learn to speak in the language of the country the club is from, e.g. if a coach is Italian and works for an English club, he will be strongly encouraged to learn English to a level sufficient for speaking in English to convey his wishes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach can have a human translator besides him that translates everything he says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Non-English speaking players, like the coach, will be encouraged/required to learn English, some can get away with communicating with the coach in Italian sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English speaking teammates can translate things to non-English speaking teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember that you don't need to be super fluent in English as a player to play well for an Italian manager in an English club, basic phrases and hand gestures should be enough. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11803" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T07:06:58.643" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T07:06:58.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14368" CreationDate="2016-07-31T12:21:47.760" Score="2" ViewCount="3329" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the FIBA rule about taking a timeout after a field goal is made, with no fouls or violations other official intervention? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT added&lt;/strong&gt;: I have already read the rules, and in my view they are unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.2.3.&lt;/strong&gt; A time-out opportunity begins when:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the official has ended his communication with the scorer's table.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last or only free throw.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is 18.2.8 rule there?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;18.2.8 would imply  that for the scoring team somehow timeout was possible after scoring without official interruption otherwise a special case for the last 2 minutes isnt needed. 18.2.8 doesnt seem to be a refinement of  18.2.3 It appears to contradict it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;18.2.8. A time-out shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock shows 2:00 minutes or less in the fourth period and in each&#xA;  extra period and, following a successful field goal unless an official&#xA;  has interrupted the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;even harder to understand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;18.2.3  (...) For both teams, the ball becomes dead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how is the ball not dead for both teams ? Art 10 doesnt say anything about dead for 1 and alive for another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10.1. The ball can be either live or dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-01T15:55:29.913" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T15:55:29.913" Title="Timeout after field goal: when can it be taken?" Tags="|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14332" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14333" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" Score="0" Body="Questions about the International Basketball Federation (FIBA)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T00:09:28.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14334" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-01T00:43:35.287" Score="2" ViewCount="514" Body="&lt;p&gt;Earlier this month on July 16 2016, the San Diego Padres won a game against the San Francisco Giants in the 10th inning when the Giant's pitcher balked. I had never seen this before but doing a quick search I realized this was not the first time a team won by a balk. I'd like to know how many times in MLB history a game has been decided by a balk?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:11:17.370" Title="Baseball games won by balk" Tags="|rules|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14334" CreationDate="2016-08-01T01:11:17.370" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far back as 1914, the number of times a &quot;walk-off balk&quot; (ie, a balk that ended the game) has taken place is 21&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://harvardsportsanalysis.org/2015/06/talking-balk-all-walk-off-balks-in-mlb-history/&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible that the away team can score on a balk to take the lead during the top of the 9th inning (for example), then the home team does not score during the bottom of the 9th inning, securing a victory for the away team. This would fit the criteria of &quot;a game [that] has been decided by a balk&quot; but it is not a &quot;walk-off balk.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the minimum number of times a game has been decided by a balk is 21, but there may be more instances in which a game has been decided by a balk but does not fit under the definition of a &quot;walk-off balk.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T01:11:17.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13235" CreationDate="2016-08-01T07:16:30.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My advice would be to carefully watch the warming up at the net. Although you might be tempted to watch the attackers, try to watch the setter. They will clearly show (e.g. through facial expressions) whether or not they're happy with the set, not only result-wise (could the attacker hit it), but also technically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will get a good feel for their own expectations; try to match those with your own judgement during the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, take the context of each set into consideration; standing still with a pass arriving spot-on 'deserves' a better set than one the setter has to run for and direct in an awkward angle. Also, a non-setter who takes over the set can be allowed some more clumsiness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many referees will also use signs as 'the ball turned more than once around its axis after the set', or try to hear the double-touch. Be sure to &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; use this sign as a backup for your other observations, weighing these in with your own experiences. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11597" LastEditorUserId="9897" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T13:26:33.017" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T13:26:33.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14327" CreationDate="2016-08-01T08:06:53.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;USA ranking is managed by USATT using some simplified Elo &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Table-Tennis/Ratings/How-Does-the-USATT-Rating-System-work&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rating system&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rating system transforms performances into a score, where higher value means better player. Most famous is aformentioned &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/ree#ranking-system-comparison&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;comparison&lt;/a&gt; between most known).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in use, in addition to the theory, you should give a try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rankade&lt;/a&gt;, our ranking system, that can manage small to large playing groups, and it features rankings, stats, and more. We host many &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/dojo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;table tennis groups/clubs&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T08:06:53.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14340" CreationDate="2016-08-01T11:47:16.940" Score="2" ViewCount="1322" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://jtablesaw.wordpress.com/2016/07/31/play-moneyball-data-science-in-tablesaw/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; about data science which uses some baseball statistics as an example. In it, there is the following phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;we hypothesize that the number of wins can be predicted by the number of Runs Scored during the season, combined with the number of Runs Allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia describes &lt;em&gt;Home&lt;/em&gt; Runs Allowed as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...home runs allowed (HRA) signifies the total number of home runs a pitcher allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that doesn't mean much to someone who doesn't really know baseball. What is the concept of allowing it to happen? Does a high value for Runs Allowed for a team mean that when it was pitching it permitted the batting team to get a lot of home runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11806" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T16:08:57.757" Title="What does Home Runs Allowed mean?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14339" CreationDate="2016-08-01T12:39:06.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Runs&quot; and &quot;Home Runs&quot; are two different terms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;home run&quot; is a &quot;run.&quot; A &quot;run&quot; isn't always a &quot;home run.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Official Rules&lt;/a&gt;, a &quot;run&quot; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the score made by an offensive player who&#xA;  advances from batter to runner and touches first, second, third and home&#xA;  bases in that order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What does Home Runs Allowed mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;home run&quot; is&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to&#xA;  circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors&#xA;  being committed by the defensive team in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typical usage is a fair ball that flies over the wall in the outfield, but there are instances in which the batter can still score a run in one play without doing this (called an &quot;inside-the-park home run&quot;)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &quot;Home Runs Allowed&quot; is the number of times the pitching team allows opposing batters to score a run in one play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the concept of allowing it to happen? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Home Runs Allowed&quot; is the number of times the pitching team allows opposing batters to score a run in one play. As you state in comments, &quot;allowed&quot; can be interchangeable with &quot;conceded.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does a high value for Runs Allowed for a team mean that when it was pitching it permitted the batting team to get a lot of home runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not necessarily. The batting team may have gotten a combination of singles, doubles, triples, walks, errors, etc. during an inning to score several runs. A &lt;a href=&quot;https://patrickfloodblog.com/2011/06/26/14-runs-with-no-home-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2011 game&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/TEX/TEX201106250.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt;) shows the Mets scored 14 runs in a game without a home run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T16:08:57.757" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T16:08:57.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14341" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14342" CreationDate="2016-08-01T13:59:45.147" Score="9" ViewCount="18305" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the afternoon of 31 July 2016, I was playing basketball with my friends. A guy who was defending me shouted when I was shooting. I was frightened, so I missed the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: Is shouting when another player is trying to shoot a foul in basketball rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11744" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:03:50.687" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T06:04:35.647" Title="Is shouting a foul in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14341" CreationDate="2016-08-01T14:01:08.173" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/basic-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basic rules of the FIBA&lt;/a&gt; (as you did not state a ruleset to reference), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/en/Module/c9dad82f-01af-45e0-bb85-ee4cf50235b4/1faaa885-7478-4f87-ae5a-45b2c5939e96&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 34.1.1&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A personal foul occurs when there is illegal contact between two opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouting is not &quot;illegal contact.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Article 32.1.1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an&#xA;  opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shouting is considered &quot;unsportsmanlike behavior,&quot; it will be called as a foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouting, &lt;em&gt;in itself&lt;/em&gt;, is not a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; be a technical foul under the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Article 36.1.2-4:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team shall do its best to secure victory, but this must be done in the spirit of&#xA;  sportsmanship and fair play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any deliberate or repeated non-cooperation or non-compliance with the spirit and&#xA;  intent of this rule shall be considered as a technical foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official may prevent technical fouls by giving warnings or even overlooking&#xA;  minor infractions which are obviously unintentional and have no direct effect upon&#xA;  the game, unless there is repetition of the same infraction after the warning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Article 36.3.1:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A technical foul is a player non-contact foul of a behavioural nature including, but not limited to: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Baiting an opponent &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For pickup basketball games at the local park, I doubt technical fouls are dealt with and I have never experienced a case in which shouting during a shot was considered a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T16:45:56.817" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T16:45:56.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14345" CreationDate="2016-08-02T09:26:30.557" Score="0" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading a swimming program I've met the following&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4 x 25m Freestyle fast on 1 minute, 100m easy choice, 4 x 25m Not&#xA;  Freestyle on 1 minute, 100m easy choice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;easy choice&quot; mean here? Is this freestyle without speedup or is this breast swimming (i.e. choose some easy swimming style?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11812" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-02T16:30:09.723" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T20:41:46.643" Title="What is &quot;easy choice&quot; in swimming program" Tags="|terminology|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14331" CreationDate="2016-08-02T13:08:07.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The timeout rule is pretty simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.2.2. A time-out may be granted during a time-out opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.2.3. A time-out opportunity begins when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the official has ended his communication with the scorer's table.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last or only free throw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So regarding your question in case a field goal is scored the non-scoring team only can get a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T22:29:55.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14343" CreationDate="2016-08-02T13:42:54.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Easy choice&quot; is a stroke of your choosing at an easy pace.  The rhythm of the program is hard/easy/hard/easy but only the first hard is with a specific stroke. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2016-08-02T13:42:54.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14282" CreationDate="2016-08-02T13:55:20.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;[As of 2016]: 4 Independent Olympic athletes have won Olympic medals at the 1992 &amp;amp; 2016 Olympics. 3 of them were Yugoslavian (Barcelona 1992) and one from Kuwait (Rio 2016) and all the medals were in Shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the medalists are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fehaid Al-Deehani, Gold medal in Men's double trap.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jasna Šekarić, Silver medal in Women's 10 m air pistol.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aranka Binder, Bronze medal in Women's 10 m air rifle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stevan Pletikosić, Bronze medal in Men's 50 m rifle prone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons why athletes will compete independently, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Political transition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International sanctions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suspensions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Geopolitical changes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason Al-Deehani compete under the Olympic flag is that the Kuwait Olympic Committee has been suspended by the International Olympic Committee due to governmental interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the Yugoslavian medalists compete under the Olympic flag is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was under&#xA;United Nations sanctions which prevented the country from taking part&#xA;in the Olympics. However, individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to&#xA;take part as Independent Olympic Participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Olympians_at_the_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Olympians_at_the_Olympic_Games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-28T19:15:23.317" LastActivityDate="2021-07-28T19:15:23.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14480" CreationDate="2016-08-02T23:26:01.287" Score="3" ViewCount="926" Body="&lt;p&gt;The international governing bodies of some sports give an official &quot;best player of the world&quot; award. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIFA (association football): &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Ballon_d%27Or&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA Ballon d'Or&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIH (field hockey): &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Ballon_d%27Or&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIH Player Of The Year&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;IRB (rugby union): &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Rugby_Player_of_the_Year&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Rugby Player Of The Year&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does FIBA, the international basketball federation, give a similar award? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-08-07T22:07:40.097" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T11:57:15.073" Title="Is there a &quot;player of the year&quot; award for international basketball?" Tags="|basketball|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14350" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-03T04:27:39.210" Score="2" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this article &lt;a href=&quot;http://spielverlagerung.com/2016/05/12/tactical-theory-vertical-build-up-passing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tactical Theory: Vertical Build-Up Passing &lt;/a&gt; the author used the words &lt;strong&gt;advanced area&lt;/strong&gt; for many times, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Every team utilises different build-up patterns in order to move into more &lt;strong&gt;advanced areas&lt;/strong&gt; of the pitch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But midfielders, who have more license to move into &lt;strong&gt;advanced areas&lt;/strong&gt;, can combine passing accuracy &amp;amp; aim with runs of their own. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you please explain for me what is an advanced area?&#xA;I wonder is there an official definition of &lt;strong&gt;advanced area&lt;/strong&gt; or it is just the dangerous area in opponent's field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11817" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-03T08:25:36.627" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T08:25:36.627" Title="What is an advanced area in football (soccer) field?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14350" CreationDate="2016-08-03T05:52:03.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To advance is to move forward; to be advanced is to have moved, or be in a position which is comparatively, forward of some other place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In football the primary division of the field is the half, by the centreline. Thus, an &lt;em&gt;advanced area&lt;/em&gt; is best understood to be one which is forward of the team's own half, i.e. a position in which that team is attacking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T05:52:03.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14352" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-03T09:18:22.967" Score="6" ViewCount="2382" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do the runners on the base get a free run when the batter hits a home run? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen a game where there was a runner on first and the batter hit a home run, but instead of getting one home run, they got two even though it would have been impossible to run all the bases without getting out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11818" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T04:30:34.440" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T04:30:34.440" Title="Do runners on base get a run if the batter hits a home run?" Tags="|rules|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14352" CreationDate="2016-08-03T10:30:28.687" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you're confusing &quot;run&quot; and &quot;home run&quot;. In high-level terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A run is scored when a player starts off as a batter then makes it all the way back round to home plate without being put out, no matter if he stops at any bases along the way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A home run happens when a batter hits the ball over the fences (or equivalent). When this happens, any players currently on first, second or third bases also get to finish their circle of the bases and score a run (but not a home run).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such in your situation, two runs are scored: one for the player who was already on first, and one for the batter who hit the home run. However, only the batter is credited with a home run. It's possibly also worth noting here that for the purposes of winning the game, runs are the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; thing that matters. It doesn't matter if they were home runs or not - they all count as runs; it's perfectly possible to win a game without scoring a single &lt;em&gt;home&lt;/em&gt; run, but you obviously have to score at least one run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T10:30:28.687" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14341" CreationDate="2016-08-03T15:41:36.300" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used the 2016-17 &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4397-2015-2016-and-2016-2017-ncaa-mens-basketball-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAA&lt;/a&gt; (click download PDF) rulebooks, and the 2012-13 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iahsaa.org/basketball/2012-13%20BKB%20Rules%20for%20IA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Iowa HSAA&lt;/a&gt; rulebook (apparently the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfhs.org/ebooks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFHS rulebook&lt;/a&gt; is now pay protected????)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest definitive rule in American rulebooks appears to be on &quot;disconcerting&quot; during free throws. The NCAA and NFHS rulebooks only mention the term, but the NBA goes on to detail it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.I.f: During all free throw attempts, no opponent in the game shall disconcert the shooter&#xA;      once the ball is placed at his disposal. The following are acts of disconcertion:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      (1) Raising his arms when positioned on the lane line on a free throw which will not&#xA;      remain in play,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      (2) Waving his arms or making a sudden movement when in the visual field of the&#xA;      shooter during any free throw attempt,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      (3) &lt;strong&gt;Talking to the free throw shooter or talking in a loud disruptive manner during&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;      any free throw attempt.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      (4) Entering the lane and continuing to move during any free throw attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NCAA 9-1-f:  After  the  ball  is  placed  at  the  disposal  of  a &#xA;  free-thrower  it  is  a   violation when:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   An  opponent  disconcerts (e.g.,  taunt,  bait,  gesture  or  delay)  the   free-thrower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Iowa 9-1-3-c: No opponent shall disconcert the free thrower.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;But that's only free throws.  As to shooting itself... funny enough, there's more clarity on another form of distraction that is often uncalled or not known about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NCAA: 10-4-a:   A  technical  foul  shall  be  assessed  to  a  player&#xA;  or  a  substitute  for  purposely  obstructing  an  opponent’s  vision&#xA;  by  waving  or  placing hand(s) near his eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And similarly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NBA: 12A-V-m:  Eye guarding (placing a hand in front of the&#xA;  opponent’s eyes when guarding from the rear) a player who does not&#xA;  have possession of the ball is illegal and an unsportsmanlike&#xA;  technical shall be assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Iowa 10-3-6-d: Purposely obstructing an opponent’s vision by waving or&#xA;  placing hand(s) near his/her eyes. NOTE: Purposely  diverting  an &#xA;  opponent’s  attention  by  waving  is  different  than holding  or &#xA;  waving  the  hands  near  the  opponent’s  eyes  for  the  express &#xA;  purpose  of obstructing the vision so that he/she cannot see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;But while there is no rule or any mention of yelling in the book, there is some leeway built into all three rulebooks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NBA: 12.V: Conduct a. An official may assess a technical foul, without&#xA;  prior warning, at any time. A technical foul(s) may be assessed to&#xA;  any player on the court or anyone seated on the bench for conduct&#xA;  which, in the opinion of an official, is detrimental to the game. The&#xA;  technical foul must be charged to an individual. A technical foul&#xA;  cannot be assessed for physical contact when the ball is alive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NCAA: 10-3-1: A player or substitute committing an unsportsmanlike act&#xA;  including,  but not limited to...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NHFS: 10-3-6: A player shall not commit an unsporting foul. This&#xA;  includes, but is not limited to... (An unsporting foul is a noncontact&#xA;  technical foul which consists of unfair, unethical, dishonorable&#xA;  conduct or any behavior not in accordance with the spirit of fair&#xA;  play.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading some threads on officiating message boards, these sportsmanship grey areas (and a couple separate rules) have been used by some to make calls (even one mention by a FIBA referee)... but it's certainly is debated heavily.  Even what counts as disconcertion on free throws gets plenty of argument.  Here are some of the better threads: &lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.officiating.com/basketball/3068-high-pitch-scream-shooters-face-t.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.officiating.com/basketball/49533-clapping-yelling.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.officiating.com/basketball/41483-opposing-bench-yelling-during-free-throws.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;.  Others devolved more significantly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately I don't think you're going to find a truly definitive answer.  Which is a pity.  Games often evolve into what they aren't supposed to be (as do many things in life).  And definitive rules to prevent that can be tough to delineate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-08-05T03:41:16.917" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T03:41:16.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14357" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-04T08:43:34.243" Score="8" ViewCount="3528" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aside from Charlie Whiting, the FIA Race Director, the race stewards who look at and deliberate on on-track incidents are apparently not the same every weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been races where I hear the Sky F1 commentators mention a few familiar names as part of the stewarding team, former F1 drivers like Emanuele Pirro and Nigel Mansell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking around the internet, the FIA website has published biographies for known race stewards of certain race events, but they all come from different backgrounds in the motorsport industry, some of them former FIA officials and some racing drivers. (see source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any specific criteria for selecting race stewards? Does being a former F1 driver qualify you to be one? And did these people volunteer or are they a part of a collection of people that are assigned to be race stewards every race weekend?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sources (via FIA website):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/external_archive/node8031/hungary-stewards.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hungarian GP Stewards&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/external_archive/node4109/britain-stewards.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;British GP Stewards&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-08-05T02:12:34.153" LastActivityDate="2016-12-16T12:51:23.330" Title="How are race stewards selected in F1?" Tags="|trivia|officiating|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14363" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-04T18:02:55.520" Score="0" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama ever played American football against each other while being ranked #1 and #2 in the nation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11826" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-06T11:39:55.083" LastActivityDate="2024-02-01T02:21:03.510" Title="History of Tennessee vs Alabama in American football series" Tags="|american-football|trivia|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14363" CreationDate="2016-08-04T18:12:57.050" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama ever played football against each other while being ranked 1 vs 2 in the nation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, here are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the seasons&lt;/a&gt; in which the Tennessee Volunteers were at least ranked #2 during the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1938&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1939&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1951&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1956&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1967&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1999&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2001&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, here are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/alabama/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the seasons&lt;/a&gt; in which the Alabama Crimson Tide were at least ranked #2 during the season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1937&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1945&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1961-1967&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1971-1975&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1977-1982&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1986&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1989&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992-1993&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008-2015&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the only season both teams were ranked at least #2 is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/alabama/1967-schedule.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1967&lt;/a&gt;. For this game that took place on October 21, 1967, Alabama was ranked 6th and Tennessee was ranked 7th. Tennessee won the game 24-13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-04T18:22:17.457" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T18:22:17.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14327" CreationDate="2016-08-04T19:28:29.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;USATT (United States Association of Table Tennis) has a ranking system for all members of the USATT.  It's a point based system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put simply, points are gained by defeating other ranked players in USATT sanctioned tournaments, and lost when defeated by ranked players.  Some of the highest ranking players in America usually end up in the 2700-2900 range.  1800-2200 points is pretty common for intermediate level competitive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to get a ranking, you simply need to sign up for the USATT through their website and play in your first tournament. More information on tournaments, including a list of national tournaments, and rankings can be found on the USATT website.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11828" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T19:28:29.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14331" CreationDate="2016-08-05T18:35:39.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, the ball is dead, yes, but the first line says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the official has ended his communication with the scorer's table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &quot;and&quot;.  The ball is dead AND the clock is stopped.  The clock does not stop following a field goal, outside the last two minutes (Rule 49.2), so the team that made the shot cannot call time out.  That's consistent with general play, after all; a team normally can call timeout whenever it possesses the ball.  Making a shot hands possession to the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, yes, after the last 2 minutes in the fourth or subsequent period, it does stop following a made field goal.  Thus, the additional clarification point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A time-out shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock shows&#xA;  2:00 minutes or less in the fourth period and in each extra period and, following a&#xA;  successful field goal unless an official has interrupted the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This follows the initial rule, so it is intended to modify or limit that rule.  In this case, the initial rule is clearly intended to read that a team may not call timeout after making a basket; before the 'last two minutes' clock stoppage was added (sometime in the last couple of decades I believe), that was sufficient.  Once that rule was added, a clarification was needed to make it clear that it is not intended for a team to be able to call timeout after making a shot &lt;em&gt;even if&lt;/em&gt; the clock stops, unless there is a separate interruption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T18:35:39.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14371" CreationDate="2016-08-07T10:33:33.880" Score="5" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the 2016/17 season onwards, the English Premier League &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-3111413/Premier-League-without-title-sponsor-2016-17-season-bid-mirror-major-American-sports-clean-branding-strategy.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;won't have a title sponsor&lt;/a&gt; (last one being Barclays) and will simply be known as the Premier League. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Barclays has been the title sponsor since 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who were the sponsors before that (and what period of time they had sponsorship for), or was Barclays the first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T13:53:08.597" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T13:53:08.597" Title="Previous sponsors of Premier League" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14369" CreationDate="2016-08-07T13:21:09.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Barclays was the second sponsor and the first sponsor was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.carling.com/&quot;&gt;Carling&lt;/a&gt; from the 1993/94 season (there was no sponsor for the first season) to 2001/02 season when the titile sponsor changed from Carling to Barclays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linked &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/history&quot;&gt;EPL history on premierleague.com&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Apart from the opening campaign in 1992/93, every season of the&#xA;  Premier League has had a title sponsor. From the 1993/94 season,&#xA;  England’s top flight was known as the FA Carling Premiership, before&#xA;  the sponsorship changed in 2001 to Barclaycard until 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The title of the competition then changed to the FA Barclays&#xA;  Premiership, with this being amended to Barclays Premier League ahead&#xA;  of the 2007/08 campaign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Season 2015/16 marked the final campaign of a title sponsor&#xA;  arrangement, with the competition name becoming Premier League from&#xA;  2016/17.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, you can read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/partners/carling&quot;&gt;Carling on premierleague.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T13:21:09.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14373" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14386" CreationDate="2016-08-07T22:43:54.937" Score="5" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the Olympics, I came across an athlete, Kylie Rae Dickson, representing Belarus. However, she was American and the commentator briefly touched on how she had no Belarus heritage. I did a quick Google search and found this on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylie_Dickson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dickson's Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;She competed for Belarus at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, with club teammate Alaina Kwan. Neither she nor Kwan had familial ties to Belarus or had visited when they acquired Belarussian citizenship and competition rights.&quot;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can an athlete with no ties to a country (say, Belarus) still compete for them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10685" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T20:02:54.387" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T20:02:54.387" Title="In Olympics gymnastics competition, what are the requirements to compete for a Country?" Tags="|olympics|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14377" CreationDate="2016-08-08T05:57:16.860" Score="7" ViewCount="13700" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see in the below for judo competitions, the losers of both semi-finals &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; receive the medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XGAb8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XGAb8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is notably unusual for an Olympic competition. Why do both contestants get the same medal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T11:22:43.047" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T23:23:56.267" Title="Why are two bronze medals awarded in judo at the Olympics?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|awards|martial-arts|judo|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14374" CreationDate="2016-08-08T07:03:53.260" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is fairly common for sports with knockout rounds, as the required &quot;3rd/4th place&quot; playoff match always feel a bit pointless - see for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics&quot;&gt;boxing&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics&quot;&gt;taekwondo&lt;/a&gt; (links to 2012 rather than 2016 just because the 2016 hasn't yet reached the medal rounds in those sports). For a non-Olympic example of the same, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016&quot;&gt;Euro 2016&lt;/a&gt; where again there is no 3rd/4th place playoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For combat sports, this is even more common; imagine a boxer who was knocked out in the semi-finals: encouraging them to stand up again to fight in a 3rd/4th place bout would be medically incredibly irresponsible. This is probably less of an issue in judo than the striking combat sports, but still a consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T07:03:53.260" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14374" CreationDate="2016-08-08T11:27:28.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not an easy question to answer, but let me try to simplify the answer. In order to understand why some sports give two bronze medals instead of one, you have to understand what 'repechage' is. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repechage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;linked Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Repechage (/rəpɛʃˈɑːʒ/; French: repêchage, &quot;fishing out, rescuing&quot;) is&#xA;  a practice in series competitions that allows participants who failed&#xA;  to meet qualifying standards by a small margin to continue to the next&#xA;  round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Martial arts&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In karate, judo, taekwondo, and wrestling&#xA;  tournaments, single-elimination brackets are used to determine the two&#xA;  athletes who will compete in the final for first and second place. The&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;repechage bracket is built from athletes who were knocked out by the&#xA;  finalists and building brackets to determine third place. Repechage&#xA;  addresses the possibility of two top competitors meeting in an early&#xA;  round, allowing the loser a chance to compete for a bronze medal&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  Repechage was formerly widely used in fencing tournaments, but the&#xA;  majority have now abandoned it, an exception being United States&#xA;  Fencing Association Division I tournaments. (&lt;strong&gt;emphasis mine&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It takes a very short time to determine a winner in those sports mentioned above and they are intense and require a lot of stamina. Even if you are ranked No. 3 in the world, if you meet a high-ranked opponent in a relatively early stage, you may not be able to get any medal. That's why there is &lt;strong&gt;repechage&lt;/strong&gt; to give one more chance to those who were knocked out by the finalists at earlier tournaments.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that is very important to note is &lt;strong&gt;the rules of a sport are governed by the sport's governing body&lt;/strong&gt;. Those rules have nothing to do with the rules of the Olympics. That's why a few sports have the repechage system while a majority don't. All the rules in sports boil down to the same opportunity and fairness and if a governing body of a sport deems it &lt;strong&gt;fair&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;reasonable&lt;/strong&gt; to give two bronze medals to those who deserve them, they can decide so.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-08T14:49:37.397" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T14:49:37.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14378" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14379" CreationDate="2016-08-08T16:01:13.233" Score="58" ViewCount="39836" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the International Olympic Committee was formed in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin, he intended the athletes competing in the Olympics to only be amateur &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games&quot;&gt;athletes&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of an amateur athlete is someone who doesn't receive &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_sports#Olympics&quot;&gt;compensation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or&#xA;  entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur&#xA;  sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are&#xA;  financially remunerated for the time they spend playing or training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why are professional athletes now allowed to compete in the Olympic games?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9820" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T13:12:16.273" Title="Why are professional athletes allowed to compete in the Olympic games?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14378" CreationDate="2016-08-08T16:23:32.207" Score="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IOC officially began allowing professional athletes to compete in the Olypmic Games in 1988, basically leaving it up to the individual sporting federations to decide if they would permit it. The only sports which continue to claim they are &quot;amateur only&quot; are boxing and wrestling, but even that's a bit of a misnomer: certain national boxing or wrestling Olympics committees pay out cash rewards, but since the fighters are not paid &lt;em&gt;to fight&lt;/em&gt;, they are not considered professional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This topic is actually the subject of an article by Simon Eassem, published for the Second International Symposium for Olympic Research. The entire publication is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldcat.org/title/critical-reflections-on-olympic-ideology/oclc/32257176&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Critical reflections on Olympic ideology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; though it seems to be pretty hard to find. But the basic factors behind the IOC's decision were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In many sports, all of the truly dominant athletes are professionals; amateur athletes, especially in team sports, are &quot;going pro&quot; much younger, sometimes right out of high school. This means that the idea of the best athletes in the world competing in the Olympics was simply not true, since the best in the world were excluded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A number of high profile &quot;scandals&quot; occurred due to the strict application of the definition of a professional. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/22/opinion/greene-olympics-amateurs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;One notable example&lt;/a&gt; was Jim Thorpe, who won multiple medals in 1912. He had previously played semi-pro baseball, so even though his medals were not &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; baseball (he was a track &amp;amp; field athlete), his medals were stripped. In addition, many athletes were excluded from competing because they earned money as trainers or tutors, and not as competitors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The whole idea of pure-amateur competition was rooted heavily in the aristocratic English public school. The original intent was that amateur athletes not only didn't play professionally, they didn't &lt;em&gt;train&lt;/em&gt; professionally -- any sort of training was &lt;em&gt;considered&lt;/em&gt; cheating. Clearly, by the 1970s, that idea was long since abandoned, and was considered an artifact of the English &quot;class system&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most importantly, IMO, was the fact that so many countries just flat out cheated. Eastern-bloc countries were notorious for skirting the edge of the rules by having state-sponsored &quot;full time amateurs&quot;. Their Olympic athletes were given everything they needed to live and train, but were not &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; paid to do it, and all the money came from the government. This put the Soviet countries at a distinct advantage over the privately-funded Western athletes for a long, long time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, the IOC just decided that excluding pro athletes made the games less interesting, less competitive, and less fair. It also helped that the Olympics were big business by that point, with television rights fees, sponsorship money and similar sources of income. Having huge, marquee-level celebrity athletes brought in lots more money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastEditorUserId="13086" LastEditDate="2017-03-30T13:12:16.273" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T13:12:16.273" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14378" CreationDate="2016-08-08T16:33:39.453" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The more compensation amateurs were allowed to receive, the more the definition between &quot;amateurs&quot; and &quot;professionals&quot; became indistinguishable (if it wasn't already).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increased viewership.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;$$$&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin&quot;&gt;Pierre de Coubertin&lt;/a&gt;, the founder of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, had intended that Olympic competition should be among amateurs rather than professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dictionary.com/browse/amateur&quot;&gt;In the dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;amateur&quot; means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a person who engages in a study, sport, or other activity for pleasure rather than for financial benefit or professional reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 1971, the IOC approved compensation for amateur athletes&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/spot/olympic-athletes.html&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc&quot;&gt;Eastern nations&lt;/a&gt; were sponsored to train and compete on a full-time basis by their governments. As a result, US athletes found it difficult to compete with athletes from eastern nations, resulting in the Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act in 1978 allowing US athletes to receive compensation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, professionals had better brand-recognition than amateurs, as the following quote notes&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/22/opinion/greene-olympics-amateurs/&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The pros are there for a reason,&quot; the esteemed sports journalist Ron Rapoport, who has covered six Olympics ... &quot;People will tune in to watch athletes they know. The pro athletes are pre-sold to the public, which means increased viewership.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After these developments, professionals became eligible for the Olympics&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/olympics/owg98/osytr01.htm&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the 1988 Games, the IOC voted to declare all professionals eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the international federations in charge of each sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-08T16:40:41.920" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T16:40:41.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14384" CreationDate="2016-08-08T18:51:46.347" Score="13" ViewCount="7399" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of sports in the Olympics where men and women do similar things in very different outfits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Svsze.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Svsze.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rdF4d.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rdF4d.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;http://olympic.ca/sports/artistic/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://olympic.ca/sports/artistic/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hg8Jm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hg8Jm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vMgTu.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vMgTu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;http://olympic.ca/sports/beach-volleyball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://olympic.ca/sports/beach-volleyball/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many more examples abound, of women wearing what appear to be bathing suits while men wear shorts, and are covered above the waist, for the same sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there uniform rules that state women must have bare stomachs? Or that men may not? That women's bottoms should look like panties instead of shorts? That men's bottoms should be loose? Do the sport's governing bodies set these rules? Can a woman declare she would rather wear shorts, thanks? Can a man declare he'd rather wear something super tight and short? (We'll set aside the issue of sparkles for the moment.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-08T18:52:44.567" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T09:54:40.700" Title="Are the gender differences in Olympic uniforms simply a style choice? Whose choice?" Tags="|equipment|olympics|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3067" CreationDate="2016-08-08T20:15:17.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is one of autonomy traditions of Hong Kong. Before 1997, Hong Kong already has its own flag, currency, sport team, immigration and many more attributes of independent country system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hong Kong was a royal colony which were ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch, not under the England nor UK government.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 1997, the Chinese-British political agreement under &quot;one country, two systems&quot; principle means to not change them, and that Hong Kong should be self-governed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11844" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T20:15:17.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14373" CreationDate="2016-08-08T20:16:06.793" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this depends on the sport association and what it's rules are.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have Chinese table tennis players that are associated with the USATT (United States Table Tennis).  They represent America in the Olympics but they weren't born here and (probably) don't have citizenship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe some associations require country citizenship, maybe not.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11828" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T20:16:06.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14381" CreationDate="2016-08-08T20:22:48.860" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The precise rules for clothing are published by the international sport federations (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB&lt;/a&gt; for Beach Volleyball, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIG&lt;/a&gt; for gymnastics, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FINA&lt;/a&gt; for Swimming etc.). Typically, they consist of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;basic rules which concern safety and fairness instead of appearance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;clothing regulations to all (top-level) competitions (e.g. limits on advertising)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;separate rules typically updated for each Olympic games (e.g. ensuring that colors don't overlap, or stricter standards on advertising)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Summary&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Beach Volleyball, the default clothing is indeed strikingly different and far more revealing for women. Women may wear more modest clothing citing religious or cultural reasons, but have to request permission for these. Men are not allowed not wear more revealing (or more modest) clothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Gymnastics, the laws are really complicated, because there is a multitude of disciplines. Generally, women seem to have more options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Swimming, men must wear more revealing clothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Beach Volleyball&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_BeachVolleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here are the generic rules of the game&lt;/a&gt;. Those are gender-independent (see §4.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/BeachVolleyball/Document/FIVB-Sport-Regulations_BVB_2015_v1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;competition regulations&lt;/a&gt; (which in FIVB's case also contain 2016 olympic regulations) are quite explicit though (§4.4):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QqfcD.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QqfcD.png&quot; alt=&quot;Men&amp;#39;s clothing&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9qZTu.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9qZTu.png&quot; alt=&quot;Women&amp;#39;s clothing&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the Men's shorts must be at 20cm &lt;em&gt;or longer&lt;/em&gt;, whereas the Women's shorts must be 7cm &lt;em&gt;or shorter&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;However, women (though not men) may opt out&lt;/strong&gt; due to religious or cultural beliefs, as seen in §4.4 of the same laws:&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1QPeC.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1QPeC.png&quot; alt=&quot;Women&amp;#39;s clothing additional option&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other clothing articles under these rules, for example covering neck and hair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you prefer text to graphics, here is a quote from the same §4.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official FIVB beach volleyball men’s uniform for all FIVB beach volleyball events consists of: tank top and shorts AND eventual accessories&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  The official FIVB beach volleyball women’s uniform for all FIVB beach volleyball events consists of: tops and bikini bottoms AND eventual accessories&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the additional Olympic regulations for Beach Volleyball seem &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/Documents/FIVB_VB_O-1_2011.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;to consist of a form&lt;/a&gt; where athletes have to register their colors in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Gymnastics&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In section 2 §9 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/main/TR%202016-e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;general laws&lt;/a&gt;, you'll just see &lt;em&gt;(see COP)&lt;/em&gt;, which turns out to be discipline-specific regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/aer/AER%202013-2016%20CoP%20June%202015-ENG.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aerobic Gymnastics' COP&lt;/a&gt;, you can see the wording in §2.3. The details are quite technical, but notably men have to choose from five options (basically all tanktops), whereas women are more free to choose.&#xA;Women are allowed to cover their entire arms up to the wrist and their legs. Men have to show at least 1/4 of their leg and most of their arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, many other disciplines do not actually have a dress code in their discipline-specific rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But fear not, there's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/tra/TRA-CoP%202013-2016%20(English).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;trampoline&lt;/a&gt; with &lt;em&gt;sub&lt;/em&gt;-disciplines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In basic trampoline (§6), female clothing must be skin-tight. There is no such restriction for the men. On the other hand, the men are not allowed to cover their arms, whereas the women are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In trampoline tumbling and double mini trampoline (§6 respectively), the rules are similar to basic trampoline, but in addition, men must wear gym shorts (presumably showing the knee), whereas women may wear long tights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Swimming&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimming is a rare sport where men must reveal more than women; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/sites/default/files/fina_bylaws.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FINA By-Laws&lt;/a&gt; §8.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...) swimwear for men shall not extend above the navel nor&#xA;  below the knee, and for women, shall not cover the neck, extend past the shoulder, nor shall extend below knee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Questions in detail&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You asked a lot of individual questions, which I try to answer here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are the gender differences in Olympic uniforms simply a style choice?&#xA;  Whose choice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depends on the sport and discipline - sometimes the differences are enforced, sometimes it is in principle possible to opt for longer clothing, and sometimes it's up to the choice of the individual player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there uniform rules that state women must have bare stomachs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, not in any of the sports I am aware of. Male swimmers, on the other hand, must have bare stomachs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or that men may not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of sports require any athlete to cover their stomach. Beach Volleyball only applies these regulations to men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That women's bottoms should look like panties instead of shorts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the default design in Beach Volleyball, but women may opt out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That men's bottoms should be loose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not explicitly, but this can follow from gender-specific as well as gender-independent clothing regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do the sport's governing bodies set these rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but it is possible that the sport federation's olympic rules (determined in cooperation with the IOC) amend or modify this (for instance, prohibiting advertisements).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a woman declare she would rather wear shorts, thanks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sports and disciplines, shorts are allowed. In gymnastic disciplines, they are allowed (even required) for men but not women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a man declare he'd rather wear something super tight and short?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depends on the sport and discipline (e.g. it's fine in swimming), but often not. In Beach Volleyball, men's pants must be at least 20cm long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T08:36:49.250" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T08:36:49.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-08T21:26:31.690" Score="3" ViewCount="2437" Body="&lt;p&gt;The AHL's website states that most players are signed with NHL contracts, but the AHL and NHL are not the same. Given so, how does it make sense that a non-NHL AHL player would normally have to be signed on an NHL contract, if one who is playing for the AHL is not an NHL player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11845" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:39:26.593" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:39:26.593" Title="How do you play for the AHL with an NHL contract if you're not playing for the NHL?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|ahl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14373" CreationDate="2016-08-09T02:22:40.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympics, in general, only requires an athlete to be a citizen of their country for them to be eligible to compete under their flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Olympic charter&lt;/a&gt; states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41 Nationality of competitors*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Any competitor in the Olympic Games &lt;strong&gt;must be a national of the country&lt;/strong&gt; of the NOC which is entering such competitor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;All matters relating to the determination of the country which a competitor may represent in the Olympic Games shall be resolved by the IOC Executive Board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T03:21:16.567" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T03:21:16.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14391" CreationDate="2016-08-09T10:58:27.747" Score="5" ViewCount="1470" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the Olympics I have found the swimming very interesting. I've noticed that while the swimmers are swimming the TV Channel (BBC) projects a line across the width of the pool saying WR (World Record) at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit unsure about this line, I know it's to show where the swimmers would need to be at to get the World Record but is the line showing where the swimmer who holds that world record was at that point or is it showing the required place through out? e.g. say the 100m WR was 50 seconds, then the line would progress 10m every 5 seconds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T15:53:50.910" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T12:16:26.147" Title="WR Line while swimming" Tags="|records|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14388" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14389" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T11:02:14.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14390" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-09T15:03:39.570" Score="5" ViewCount="1282" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that many professionals athletes are taking part in the Olympic Games, why do pro boxers not also compete in the boxing competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other categories that do not take part in the Olympic Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T05:36:30.030" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T22:55:27.757" Title="Why do professional boxers not compete in boxing in the Olympics?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14387" CreationDate="2016-08-09T15:21:34.227" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure it shows the world record pace, rather than the position of the holder at that point in the race - i.e. it advances at a constant speed. Unless the TV company had exact positional data on every world record swim, it would be impossible to plot the position of the swimmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only reference I can find is at &lt;a href=&quot;http://forums.usms.org/archive/index.php/t-11588.html&quot;&gt;http://forums.usms.org/archive/index.php/t-11588.html&lt;/a&gt; which doesn't seem authoritative, while the page at &lt;a href=&quot;http://ethw.org/Technological_Innovations_and_the_Summer_Olympic_Games&quot;&gt;http://ethw.org/Technological_Innovations_and_the_Summer_Olympic_Games&lt;/a&gt;, in the final section, talks about the line but doesn't mention the specific question asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: See the second bullet point from &lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/world-record-line-most-distracting-technology-olympics-021256537--oly.html&quot;&gt;http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/world-record-line-most-distracting-technology-olympics-021256537--oly.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2016-08-09T15:44:27.427" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T15:44:27.427" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-09T16:22:34.960" Score="5" ViewCount="2484" Body="&lt;p&gt;This does not relate to rental equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have inline skates, because I noticed I was getting better and better at skating and wanted something I know would be comfortable and fitting. I notice they have a lot of padding inside, I'm assuming so you can make it very tight and snug and still have circulation. My question is, should it be okay to go 'foot commando' as it were, or would that be too rough on my skin and cause lots of blisters, or some other problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11860" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T18:52:41.233" Title="Should you always wear socks with roller skates/blades?" Tags="|equipment|injuries|skating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14393" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14395" CreationDate="2016-08-09T16:52:25.710" Score="0" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Eric Moussambani, from Equatorial Guinea, was invited to the games under an IOC program that allows smaller countries to compete without meeting qualifying standards. He swam his 100m Freestyle heat in a heroic 1:52.72, and won, due to false starts from his competitors. Why didn't he go on to compete in the semi-finals? Did he opt out, or was this program essentially for exhibition only?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11861" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T18:41:43.117" Title="Did Eric Moussambani go to the semi-finals in Sydney?" Tags="|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14393" CreationDate="2016-08-09T18:41:43.117" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_freestyle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;results&lt;/a&gt;, there was no &quot;winner of every heat qualifies&quot; rule; it was simply the fastest 16 swimmers which went through to the semi-finals - note how all the semi-final qualifiers came from heats 7, 8, 9 and 10 (which were loaded to have the fastest swimmers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could view this as being a exhibition heat, as there was no &lt;em&gt;realistic&lt;/em&gt; chance that anyone from it was going to get into the semi-finals - however, you could also argue that it was better for the sport to have Moussambani competing against swimmers closer to his skill level, rather than tailing in very, very last against some of the best swimmers in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T18:41:43.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14396" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-09T19:56:48.563" Score="3" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbcolympics.com/medals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nbcolympics.com/medals&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XgvJw.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XgvJw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is there 0.5 of a medal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T07:28:38.380" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T07:28:38.380" Title="What is half of a medal?" Tags="|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14396" CreationDate="2016-08-09T20:36:44.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A recent blog post by &lt;a href=&quot;http://danielmarcelino.github.io/blog/2016/yet-the-worst-olympic-chart.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Daniel Marcelino&lt;/a&gt; seems to indicate what I had suspected.  A half of a medal (for statistical purposes) is awarded if an event has a “tie” for the Gold, Silver, or Bronze.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Daniel’s Blog…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yep, that’s right; one can get half a medal by tying for a placement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T20:36:44.550" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14398" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14413" CreationDate="2016-08-09T22:38:03.120" Score="10" ViewCount="3439" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt; receive gold medal for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_UEFA_Super_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Super cup 2016&lt;/a&gt; and is he considered to be a winner, if not part of the match squad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-10T11:43:12.743" LastActivityDate="2021-05-20T11:01:55.727" Title="Does a football player receive gold medal for UEFA Super cup win, and is he considered to be a winner, if not part of the match squad?" Tags="|football|awards|uefa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2442" CreationDate="2016-08-10T01:19:54.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a link to a tutorial from Jared Montz, a former pro soccer player in the MLS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.onlinesocceracademy.com/soccer-training-videos/shooting/how-to-shoot-a-soccer-ball-with-power/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How to Shoot a Soccer Bal with Power&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basic Key Points:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ankle Locked, toe down, use laces (you don't hit a baseball with a&#xA;  loose bat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Plant foot pointed at target&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Land on Kicking Foot (you do this to help generate power and help keep the ball low)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advanced Key Points:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Generate power from thigh, not calf&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Shoulders face target (don't rotate them)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Keep head down (some of the best goals you will score you barely see them go in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What Player Could Be Doing Wrong:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you fee like you are not getting enough power it's mainly because&#xA;  you are not getting your thigh back and your knee down is just moving.&#xA;  Make sure you get your thigh back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's about 5 minutes long and he goes into details. It is more targeted towards younger players, so he can be quite cheesy at times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To find the sweet spot, touch your top of your foot, towards the inside. There should be a very strong bone there. That is your sweet spot. Using the sweet spot means there is less energy loss when your strike the ball since less of it is absorbed/cushioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's another &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSOx4wMnNbA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; talking about the Sledgehammer (Shooting with power).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few key points he points out are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's not about the strength of your legs, it's the technique&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Distance is not important for the run-up, but what is important is to be slightly off-set.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use the sweet spot or the laces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hit the ball in the central area&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You need to follow-through the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They then show good and bad examples of each shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this point on, hit the field and keep practicing. It's all about the techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dCSyw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dCSyw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;The sweet spot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="11695" LastEditDate="2016-08-13T09:37:20.273" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T09:37:20.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14341" CreationDate="2016-08-10T02:31:03.660" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Haha. No, it's definitely not a foul - &lt;em&gt;especially&lt;/em&gt; if it's street / pickup ball. It's not a foul in the NBA either.  You see bench players do this sometimes when the opponent's about to shoot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A technical foul from shouting could happen in the NBA, but it'd have be something over-the-top, like disrespecting a ref or too much taunting of a player, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, he saw you as someone who could get easily distracted, and he was right.  Don't ever listen to someone that says basketball isn't a mental game. A HUGE part of basketball is composure, calmness under pressure, and sharp focus.  Seems like that should be something you should work on and it comes mostly from experience and improving your skill competency. That way, you could hit that shot no matter if they clap, yell, or what have you to try to distract you.  It makes hitting the shot that more satisfying.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T02:31:03.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14414" CreationDate="2016-08-10T06:01:27.900" Score="6" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching US swimmer Michael Phelps in the Rio 2016 pools, is it possible to see some dark red circle on his body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the cause of these marks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the picture below you can see those marks on the right shoulder:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3nOHo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3nOHo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Phelps red cirlce&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2023-11-23T18:52:24.883" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T18:52:24.883" Title="What are the red circles on the body of Michael Phelps at Rio 2016?" Tags="|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-10T06:23:22.477" Score="5" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the first few games of diving I had not noticed this color, but on Tuesday, August 9, 2016 the water of the Olympic diving pool in Rio 2016 was green. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the reason for this color?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can see the difference between two close pools:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JsB48.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JsB48.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Greenwater_rio2016&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T19:06:55.487" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T19:06:55.487" Title="Why is the water in the pool at Rio 2016 green?" Tags="|trivia|equipment|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14405" CreationDate="2016-08-10T07:31:54.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was unintentional, and caused by the pH of the pool being &quot;outside the usual range&quot;. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/37040705&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The International Swimming Federation (Fina) explained it was caused by water tanks running out of certain chemicals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But Fina stressed that there was &quot;no risk&quot; to athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It explained that the discoloration was caused by the pH level - or acidity level - of the water being &quot;outside the usual range&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T08:58:38.467" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T08:58:38.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14416" CreationDate="2016-08-10T07:37:34.313" Score="4" ViewCount="4136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fastest laps are classified as the fastest time set around a particular race track during a Grand Prix, however, due to the new fuel rules in F1 that banned mid-race refueling, some of the fastest laps are hard to break, even though the cars set qualifying times that are faster than these set times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the Japanese GP at Suzuka for example, the recorded fastest lap around the circuit was a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuka_Circuit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1'31.540 by Kimi Raikkonen in 2005&lt;/a&gt;, but a faster &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Japanese_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1'30.915 lap was done during qualifying by Mark Webber in 2013&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more recent qualifying vs race time comparison was during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Monaco_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this year's Monaco GP&lt;/a&gt;. Daniel Ricciardo got pole on a 1'13.622 while the recognized fastest lap was a 1'17.939 by Lewis Hamilton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why are Fastest Laps taken from the fastest race lap and not from the significantly quicker qualifying times?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T00:59:48.780" Title="Fastest Lap: Qualifying vs Race" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14398" CreationDate="2016-08-10T11:18:04.930" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to official UEFA Super Cup regulations for the period 2015-18 (link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/24/06/02/2240602_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) article 9.04, 40 gold medals are awarded to the winning team. And it's not mentioned that only players who are in the match squad should receive a gold medal. Thus Cristiano Ronaldo could receive a gold medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11876" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2016-09-03T21:13:31.310" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T21:13:31.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14404" CreationDate="2016-08-10T12:17:54.960" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The circles are actually the result of a purported recovery practice called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/olympics/las-vegas-massage-therapist-demonstrates-michael-phelps-cupping-regimen-video&quot;&gt;cupping&lt;/a&gt;.  Practitioners claim that it aids in blood flow and recovery to various body parts.  Considered a form of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/cupping-therapy&quot;&gt;alternative medicine&lt;/a&gt;, there’s no study evidence for its efficacy.  It seems to be the latest fad for high level athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T12:17:54.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14408" CreationDate="2016-08-10T13:17:01.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;By comparing a qualifying lap time to a race lap time, you are not comparing like for like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In qualifying, the teams turn up their engines to give maximum performance.  It is not possible to do this during a race as you would likely break the engine due to the excessive revs/power being produced for the full race distance of around 200 miles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also during qualifying the cars have fresh tyres (and the quickest tyres ie softest) as well as very low fuel loads.  This makes them as quick as possible for the lap or two that is required to set a qualifying time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fuel load is crucial, a fully laden car carries up to 100 KG of fuel at the start of the race, meaning an average lap penalty of about 3-4 seconds - every 3kg of fuel carried adds about a tenth of a second per lap, depending on the circuit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at the start of a race, when the tyres are in good condition, the cars are heavy and so cannot get near their times from qualifying.  As the fuel load comes down, the tyres are wearing out so once again lap times cannot compete with those in qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most cars will change tyres once or twice per race, so the cars are usually fastest after their final pit-stops when the fuel load is relatively light and they have fresh tyres.  But even then, they will be carrying 20 Kg or so of fuel so times are still off what they were in qualifying.  Added to that the fact the engines are &quot;turned down&quot; to reduce the chance of a failure, you can see why qualifying lap times are not usually beaten during a race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, with the 2016 regulations, drivers can use their DRS (Drag Reduction System) whenever they like, but in the race they can only use this on the designated straight(s) when they are within 1 second of the car in front.  This can account for around 1 second per lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="339" LastEditDate="2016-08-11T07:27:05.097" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T07:27:05.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14385" CreationDate="2016-08-11T23:34:35.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under section 11 of the NHL Standard Player's Contract (exhibit 1 in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/CBA2012/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 CBA&lt;/a&gt;, starting at page 310),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is mutually agreed that the Club shall have the right to Assign or to Loan this SPC [i.e. Standard Player's Contract] and the Player agrees to accept and be bound by such Assignment or Loan, and will faithfully perform and carry out this SPC with the same purpose and effect as if it had been entered into by the Player and such other club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is further mutually agreed that in the event that this SPC is Assigned, or the Player's services are Loaned, to another club, the club shall by notice in writing delivered to the Player advise the Player of the name and address of the club to which he has been Assigned or Loaned, and specify the time and place of reporting. If the Player fails to report to such other club, he may be suspended by such other club and no Paragraph 1 Salary shall be payable to him during the period of such suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words: Hockey teams are allowed to loan their players. The CBA sets rules on when, how, and to who players can be loaned, but part of the contract a player signs is &amp;quot;we can tell you to play hockey for this other team and you have to then go play hockey for that team.&amp;quot; The NHL team decides the player is best employed playing hockey for an AHL affiliate (or other non-NHL team), so his assignment is &amp;quot;play hockey for them.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't that unusual a concept, even in non-sports contexts. There's no reason the work your employer assigns to you can't be &amp;quot;go to this other company and do work for them;&amp;quot; this is exactly how temp agencies work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7708" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T23:34:35.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14423" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-12T04:22:10.553" Score="4" ViewCount="1265" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simone Manuel &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/August/11/Simone-Manuel-Wins-100-Free-Is-First-African-American-Female-Swimmer-To-Win-Individual-Medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tied for the gold&lt;/a&gt; with Penny Oleksiak in the 100m freestyle during the 2016 Summer Olympics. I have never seen this before, and was curious how often it happens. I tried to find information, and in fact the first article I linked to says that there was a tie in this same event in 1984, but I can't find a list of other events where this has happened, within swimming and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I found were articles like about a downhill skiing gold medal tie between Tina Maze and Dominique Gisin in 2014, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-happens-when-theres-tie-olympics-180949754/?no-ist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;one that addresses this incident&lt;/a&gt; and lists the ties from only the Winter Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know how many gold medal ties there have been in Olympic history, in both the summer and winter games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11890" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T13:22:50.797" LastActivityDate="2016-09-21T14:06:29.800" Title="How many olympic gold medal ties have there been?" Tags="|trivia|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5105" CreationDate="2016-08-12T10:34:54.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could look into one of the fitness tracking wearables, like the FitBit (which is a very light wrist device) or some of the GPS tags, which can be the size of a key fob.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T10:34:54.173" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14425" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14428" CreationDate="2016-08-12T13:50:28.493" Score="3" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;In international cricket if an umpire gives a batsman not out after an appeal by the fielding side then the captain of the fielding side can review the decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario: A batsman gets a tiny edge onto his pad and the fielding side appeals for lbw while the ball bounces up to a fielder who catches it. The umpire gives it not out. The captain is unsure whether the batsman has hit it but reviews the lbw anyway. The edge comes up on hot-spot so it can't be lbw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a team review two things at once so the third umpire could give him caught out in this scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T15:53:26.073" Title="Reviewing two things at once" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14387" CreationDate="2016-08-12T14:33:17.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's definitely based on the particular race that set the world record to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ye Shiwen's Women's 400 IM record in 2012 had an incredibly fast last 100m (the freestyle section). If you look at the line showing for the record in this year's races, it was generally a long way behind at the 300m point before surging up in the last 100m so it definitely matches the split times every 50m. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd guess that it goes at constant speed along each length but there may be more precise data included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11893" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T14:33:17.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-12T14:37:04.333" Score="6" ViewCount="3986" Body="&lt;p&gt;During Rio 2016 Olympic diving events it is easy to observe the athletes prepare with a wet small towel both before and after the dive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the dive this towel is promptly launched into the pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T10:16:33.200" LastActivityDate="2022-08-18T15:58:02.833" Title="Why the divers use a small towel?" Tags="|equipment|olympics|diving|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14425" CreationDate="2016-08-12T15:53:26.073" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket an appeal covers all forms of dismissal, so even if the bowler appeals for LBW, the umpire can give the batsman out caught if he's happy the conditions for that dismissal have been met. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 27 section 4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same fashion, one review will cover all forms of dismissal. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6f5d5f88e-Third%20Umpire%20-%20Decision%20Review%20System.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Third Umpire - Decision Review System&lt;/a&gt; rules explicitly state this in section 3.3 point f:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The third umpire shall not withhold any factual information which may help in the&#xA;  decision making process, even if the information is not directly prompted by the&#xA;  on-field umpire’s questions. In particular, in reviewing a dismissal, if the third&#xA;  umpire believes that the batsman may instead be out by any other mode of&#xA;  dismissal, he shall advise the on-field umpire accordingly. The process of&#xA;  consultation described in this paragraph in respect of such other mode of dismissal&#xA;  shall then be conducted as if the batsman has been given not out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T15:53:26.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2016-08-12T15:56:12.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three brothers Charles, Ned and Paul McIlroy competed on the United States Olympic Water polo team in 1964.  The brothers graduated from El Segundo High School, in El Segundo, California. Paul graduated in 1955, Charles in 1956 and Ned in 1958.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elsegundoalumni.org/olympians.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;www.elsegundoalumni.org/olympians.html&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20200224211149/http://www.elsegundoalumni.org/olympians.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_water_polo_team_rosters#1964_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of United States men's Olympic water polo team rosters&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_water_polo_team_rosters&amp;amp;oldid=1076650602#1964_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11894" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-04-09T09:53:04.940" LastActivityDate="2022-04-09T09:53:04.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14392" CreationDate="2016-08-12T16:02:03.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generically speaking (rather than regarding you specifically), socks are optional.  Barefoot skating is a pretty common question in skating specific forums like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fsuniverse.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fsuniverse.net/&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://skatingforums.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://skatingforums.com&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skatelogforum.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.skatelogforum.com&lt;/a&gt;.  Skaters say they can feel the surface better and the grip is better especially with custom fitted boots.  There is the same risk for infections as there would be for other sporting gear and shoes that touch sweaty skin.  There is discussion that one's skates stink more if one skates barefoot, but I skate with socks (albeit real thin ones) and my skates stink pretty bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2023-11-23T18:52:41.233" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T18:52:41.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14427" CreationDate="2016-08-12T23:21:51.633" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would appear that what you're talking about is a Shammy, or aqua towel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aqua towels are super absorbent towels that wick water away from divers' bodies. Divers use aqua towels because they are able to wring water out of them quickly, dive, and then use it again, because nobody likes drying off with a wet, damp, cold towel!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BEFORE&lt;/strong&gt; the dive, Swimmers will throw their towel in the pool to judge how far away the water is, because the water is clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimmers will throw towels in the pool &lt;strong&gt;AFTER&lt;/strong&gt; the dive in a sign of resignation, anger, or quitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11897" LastEditorUserId="11897" LastEditDate="2016-08-13T21:40:25.880" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T21:40:25.880" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14433" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15204" CreationDate="2016-08-12T23:39:21.777" Score="2" ViewCount="2586" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching some American Football, and I noticed that the kicker Blair Walsh wore a white shoe on his right (kicking) foot, and a black shoe on his left. Is there a reason for this? Does it benefit the kicker somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11897" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-24T14:12:02.007" LastActivityDate="2019-11-24T14:12:02.007" Title="Why NFL kickers wear different shoes on each foot?" Tags="|american-football|equipment|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14423" CreationDate="2016-08-13T00:26:21.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Summer Olympic Games: 27 gold medal ties. (The source below says 26 times as of 2014...so the Manuel/Oleksiak tie would be 27 -- looking for a better source). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Winter Olympic Games: &lt;a href=&quot;http://olympstats.com/2014/02/12/ties-for-medals-at-the-winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;8 gold medal ties&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T00:26:21.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14398" CreationDate="2016-08-13T03:06:53.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to believe Cristiano Ronaldo could receive a medal when he wasn't even part of the substitutes. In most competitions you have to be at least part of the subtitutes, and in some competitions if you were always a substitute and you were never in the field, you don't receive a medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo's official page is not listing the UEFA Super Cup 2016 in his palmares. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cristianoronaldo.com/career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.cristianoronaldo.com/career&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the player list of the UEFA Super Cup 2016 in UEFA's official website, he isn't listed either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/season=2016/matches/round=2000778/match=2019261/prematch/player-lists/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/season=2016/matches/round=2000778/match=2019261/prematch/player-lists/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, he wasn't part of the startup team, he wasn't part of the substitutes, and he wasn't part of the whole list of players for the cup, there is no reason to believe he got one, because he couldn't even count as part of the &quot;wining team&quot; even when some fan websites are listing the cup among his trophies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-13T08:10:48.003" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T08:10:48.003" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14439" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-13T10:25:24.747" Score="5" ViewCount="6513" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happened if an athlete stumbles in a 100m event and trips the athlete in the adjacent lane too?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are both of them disqualified or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11902" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T05:59:45.067" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T13:29:22.057" Title="What happens when two athletes fall down in a 100m dash?" Tags="|rules|olympics|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14439" CreationDate="2016-08-13T11:16:54.130" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IAAF competition rules&lt;/a&gt; art 163:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lane Infringement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(a) in all races run in lanes, each athlete shall keep within his&#xA;allocated lane from start to finish. this shall also apply to any&#xA;portion of a race run in lanes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) in all races (or any part of races) not run in lanes, an athlete&#xA;running on a bend, on the outer half of the track as per Rule&#xA;162.10, or on any curved part of the diversion from the track&#xA;for the steeplechase water jump, shall not step or run on or&#xA;inside the kerb or line marking the applicable border (the&#xA;inside of the track, the outer half of the track, or any curved&#xA;part of the diversion from the track for the steeplechase water&#xA;jump).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An athlete shall not be disqualified if he&#xA;(a) is pushed or forced by another person to step or run outside&#xA;his lane or on or inside the kerb or line marking the applicable&#xA;border&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So the runner who goes out of his lane will be disqualified, while the impeded runner will not be disqualified&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The impeded runner will probably ask for a re-race or for an automatic qualification and the committee will study the single case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T13:29:22.057" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T13:29:22.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14441" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-13T11:46:09.603" Score="-2" ViewCount="27330" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens in football if a player shoots the ball and the ball goes in the goal after deflecting off the referee? As far as I know it is given as a goal, but are there any other consequences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11902" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-08-13T19:18:30.960" LastActivityDate="2017-08-01T13:34:32.300" Title="What happens if a goal is deflected by the referee?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T02:14:44.360" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14441" CreationDate="2016-08-13T15:14:41.607" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_9_the_ball_in_and_out_play_en_47392.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;old&lt;/em&gt; FIFA Law 9: The ball in and out play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, when the ball is in play, it touches the referee or an assistant&#xA;  referee who is temporary on the field of play, play continues because&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;the referee and the assistant referees are part of the match&lt;/strong&gt;. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is deflected bouncing off a referee and goes into the goal, it's a goal in the same way a goal is scored when a ball is bounced off a goalpost  or crossbar and goes into the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/chapters/ball-in-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 9, 2. &lt;strong&gt;Ball in play&lt;/strong&gt; of the new IFAB Laws&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is in play at all other times, including when it rebounds off&#xA;  a &lt;strong&gt;match official&lt;/strong&gt;, goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and remains in&#xA;  the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It happens very rarely, especially in a professional football game, because referees are trained well enough to be in a position where there is a very little chance of a ball touching them. Even if it happens, the game will go on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-14T01:11:10.530" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T01:11:10.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14258" CreationDate="2016-08-13T22:39:14.580" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing with BCA/APA rules the ball  can be placed anywhere on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11906" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T22:39:14.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14446" CreationDate="2016-08-14T00:04:20.847" Score="5" ViewCount="1307" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxing matches that do not finish by knockout are decided by points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three judges that give &lt;em&gt;points&lt;/em&gt; (10 or 9 usually, but other values are possible) to decide the winner of each round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does those points work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the picture below you can see the final results for 91kg men category&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9jCWS.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9jCWS.png&quot; alt=&quot;Rio2016 Boxing Final 91kg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T12:11:12.487" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T12:11:12.487" Title="How are Olympic boxing match scores determined?" Tags="|rules|olympics|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14445" CreationDate="2016-08-14T00:24:17.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/boxing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official website of the most recent Games&lt;/a&gt; (Rio 2016) (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Five judges score both fighters after each round, but scores are not revealed until the end of the bout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A boxer receives 10 points for winning a round, while the loser gets between six and nine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Athletes are scored on successfully landed blows, domination, competitiveness, technique, tactics and adherence to the rules.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A computer selects the scores of three of the five judges at the end of the bout – and the final score is an average of these judges’ scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AIBA is the body responsible for regulations, so they give us more detail on how the system works. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aiba.org/aiba-technical-competition-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;their website&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://aiba.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/02/AIBA-Technical-Rules-01.02.2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;relevant rules document&lt;/a&gt; (warning: PDF file) states in rule 3,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.3.&lt;/strong&gt; Just before starting each Bout, the Scoring System will randomly select three (3) Judges out of the five (5) Judges, and only the scores of these three (3) Judges will be counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.4.&lt;/strong&gt; At the end of each round, each Judge must determine the winning Boxer of that round by awarding a score of ten (10) points and by awarding nine (9) or less points - down to six (6) - to the losing Boxer, depending on the&#xA;judgment as to the degree to which the opponent lost the round. Every round must have a declared winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the winner of individual rounds is not of particular importance. It is their total score from a maximum of thirty points compared to the opponent, that matters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a boxer could lose two rounds by 10-9 each, and win the remaining round by 7-10. The scores are then 27-28, so the boxer wins the &lt;em&gt;match&lt;/em&gt; even though they lost more &lt;em&gt;rounds&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T00:24:17.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14441" CreationDate="2016-08-14T00:48:09.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb29qyqeEH0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is an instance of a referee &quot;scoring&quot; a goal.&lt;/a&gt; There was much protest from the defending side but the goal stood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee in that match was &lt;a href=&quot;http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=4127&amp;amp;linkType=referee&amp;amp;contextType=dyk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José de Assis Aragão&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the 1983 championship José de Assis Aragão refereed a Santos versus Palmeiras match in the Morumbi stadium. Santos lead by 2-1, but in the second minute of extra time there was a scrimmage in the Santos penalty box, the ball cannoned between legs and by accident the last leg it hit before ending up in the goal was the referee's. &lt;strong&gt;Aragão validated the goal correctly despite a lot of predictable complaints by the Santos side&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the referee did the right thing in awarding the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11500" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-01T13:34:32.300" LastActivityDate="2017-08-01T13:34:32.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14385" CreationDate="2016-08-14T00:54:16.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;AHL teams are all NHL affiliates. If you play for an AHL team, you're playing for an NHL affiliate team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, most players who play in the NHL are draft picks -- and they are signed with an NHL contract but to play for an AHL team. Again, this means a player may be moved up or moved down between AHL and NHL teams, and this happens very often. AHL players tend to get paid significantly less than NHL players -- especially if a rookie player or the like, since the AHL is more second-tier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to play for the AHL without being a draft pick though -- sometimes teams have open tryouts and scout free agents, but this is less common than the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize though, a player will sign a contract regardless of how he gets accepted to a team -- and the contract is going to be pretty much the same difference whether a draft or scout pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T00:54:16.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14326" CreationDate="2016-08-14T07:36:19.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no official MLB rule against &lt;em&gt;electronic devices&lt;/em&gt;. No phrase related with &lt;em&gt;electronic devices&lt;/em&gt; is found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2015/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules 2015 Edition&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Alderson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sandy Alderson&lt;/a&gt;, MLB operations chief in 2000, effectively laid down the law with a memo that states: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Please be reminded that &lt;strong&gt;the use of electronic equipment during a game&#xA;  is restricted&lt;/strong&gt;. No club shall use electronic equipment, including&#xA;  walkie-talkies and cellular telephones, to communicate to or with any&#xA;  on-field personnel, including those, in the dugout, bullpen, field&#xA;  and-during the game-the clubhouse. Such equipment may not be used for&#xA;  the purpose of stealing signs or conveying information designed to&#xA;  give a club an advantage. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T07:36:19.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14452" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-14T13:29:09.347" Score="2" ViewCount="5436" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule that says you can't play with two rackets in badminton? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, one racket in each hand, so for example you don't have to hit a backhand; you can just do forehands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10161" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T17:21:20.667" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T17:21:20.667" Title="Is there any rule that says you can't play with two rackets in badminton?" Tags="|rules|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14452" CreationDate="2016-08-14T15:53:55.180" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not specifically but you can deduce the answer is you are allowed 1 racket per person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;4.3 The racket:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.3.1: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The racket] shall be free of attached objects and protrusions, other than those used solely and specifically to limit or prevent wear and tear, or vibration, or to distribute weight, or to secure the handle by cord to the player's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hand&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and which are reasonable in size and placement for such purposes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The International Badminton Federation shall rule on any question of whether any racket, shuttle or equipment or any prototype used in the playing of Badminton complies with the specifications. Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation's initiative or on application by any party with a bona fide interest, including any player, technical official, equipment manufacturer or Member Association or member thereof. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I imagine the Federation would rule this illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T15:53:55.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14452" CreationDate="2016-08-14T16:21:53.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike International Tennis Federation (ITF) which specifically bans using more than one racket under the rule 4. THE RACKET, Case 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[TENNIS RULES]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Is a player allowed to use more than one racket at any time during&#xA;play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decision: &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Badminton World Federation (BWF) laws don't state anything specific on using more than one racket. However, like ITF, they use the singular form of the noun &lt;strong&gt;racket&lt;/strong&gt; in the laws, based on which we can safely assume using more than one racket is prohibited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more thing to consider is would it really help to use two rackets? If you play with two rockets, it will be more difficult to serve effectively (you need to note there is a rule on &lt;strong&gt;Service&lt;/strong&gt;, too) and it might injure your hands when you try to dive to receive a shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T17:58:26.973" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14456" CreationDate="2016-08-14T17:59:01.890" Score="2" ViewCount="677" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can bowling (10-pin) count as a sport that can be added to the Olympic program?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a chance it may feature in the Olympics one day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T04:07:22.777" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T04:07:22.777" Title="Can Bowling be chosen as a sport in the Olympic Games?" Tags="|olympics|bowling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T03:52:13.307" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14455" CreationDate="2016-08-14T18:05:26.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowling is definitely a sport. According to the linked Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2014_Asian_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bowling at the 2014 Asian Games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A total of 177 athletes from 19 nations competed in bowling at the 2014 Asian Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Beijing Olympics, baseball has not been played in the Olympics. Is baseball not a sport? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of sports are competing for a limited number of games in the Olympics. The primary reasons to limit the number of sports are lack of sports facilities (eg, London would have had to build baseball stadium for baseball if it had not been dropped from the program), popularity of each sport (Baseball is not popular in Great Britain), and the short period during which the Olympic Games must be held. If bowling becomes more popular with bigger viewership in the world, it could be featured in the Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;These games (2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics) will see the return of baseball and softball competitions&#xA;  to the Olympic programme, as well as the debuts of karate,&#xA;  skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: Wikipedia article on 2020 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball will feature in 2020 Tokyo Olympics again. Baseball is the most popular sport in Japan. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T23:31:03.700" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T23:31:03.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14452" CreationDate="2016-08-14T18:57:45.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not an expert but can use either hand effectively. The difficulty I see, is in anticipating a return shot your stance will be set, with one raised racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that point you are restricted in what you can deploy in a fraction of a second. If your body is committed to one racket before your opponent smashes, that's your best option. I have occasionally switched hands in play, more to give my predominant arm a rest than be more competitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other difficulty of having a racket in your free hand is it will get in the way all the time, as that arm is used extensively for counterbalancing both for balance and strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also no real argument for doing forehand shots all the time, back-hands can be equally powerful with practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11915" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-14T21:40:35.723" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T21:40:35.723" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14458" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14460" CreationDate="2016-08-14T19:35:29.720" Score="0" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some sports it is (actually, not just theoretically) possible that two contestants receive the same total score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this happened in the first three positions, would each medal be awarded to two people, for a total of six medals?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is this treated differently in the Olympics, World Cups,and other competitions?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it different for each sport?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am specifically thinking of sports in which a fixed difficulty is multiplied or added to a discrete &quot;execution&quot; score, for example, platform diving or figure skating or gymnastics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11916" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-14T21:54:25.983" LastActivityDate="2018-11-19T13:44:32.390" Title="Which medals are given when there are multiple tied positions that would earn them?" Tags="|olympics|world-cup|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T02:13:10.360" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14455" CreationDate="2016-08-14T20:30:47.150" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first determining factor to define something a sport is, whether the activity is purely dependent on skill or includes luck by definition. (We're not talking coin tossing to determine which team starts a match on which side of the field, since that's pre-game and not part of the game itself.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why for instance chess counts as sport, while poker doesn't. Ski jumping for instance is also partly luck due to the weather influence on the result. But because there are compensational measures defined by the rules, it's sill a sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to that &quot;rule&quot;, bowling is of course a sport, because the activity itself does not include any luck by definition, but is entirely based on the skill of the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11917" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T20:30:47.150" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14458" CreationDate="2016-08-14T20:43:08.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess this is different from competition to competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2009 World Championships in Athletics for instance, during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Men&amp;#39;s_high_jump#Medalists&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's high jump final&lt;/a&gt; there were 4 medalists: one gold, on silver, two bronce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In competitions including time measurement (running/cycling/driving), the measurements have become so precise that I can't recall a single tie in the past decades, especially because of the &quot;photo finish&quot;. For instance, during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Tour_de_France,_Stage_1_to_Stage_11#Stage_8_.28July_9th.29:_Pforzheim_-_G.C3.A9rardmer_.28235.C2.A0km.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8th stage of the 2005 Tour de France&lt;/a&gt;, Pieter Weening won by 0.0002 seconds or 9.6 millimeters before Andreas Klöden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid ties, some sports have introduced ways to make a definite difference between participants/teams. For instance, european football/soccer has the &quot;UEFA coefficient&quot; which is a unique score for each team and is calculated over a certain time period, involving goals, cards and what not. This coefficient is the last determining factor when making decisions in the group phase of the UEFA European Championship if two teams have identical statistics otherwise. Rule 13.01 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/03/92/81/2039281_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA EFC regulations&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams in the same group are equal on points on completion of the&#xA;  group matches, the following criteria are applied, in the order given, to determine&#xA;  the rankings:&lt;br&gt;[a.) through i.) omitted here]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  j.) position in the UEFA national team coefficient rankings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11917" LastEditorUserId="11917" LastEditDate="2018-11-19T13:44:32.390" LastActivityDate="2018-11-19T13:44:32.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14455" CreationDate="2016-08-14T21:41:35.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sport is a competition in physical and sometimes spatial prowess with well-defined rules. A sport may be a type of game, but many games are not sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chess is definitely a game, but definitely not a sport because there is no aspect of physical skill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Darts and billiard games are not physically strenuous, but do test physical prowess and spacial abilities, and so can be considered to be sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bowling&lt;/strong&gt; is similar: low physical demand but involving physical skills. Thus it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a type of sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11918" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-14T23:32:49.610" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T23:32:49.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16410" CreationDate="2016-08-14T22:09:23.610" Score="10" ViewCount="753" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;wagonwheel&quot; is a diagram used to show where a batsman's shots were played, colourcoded for the number of runs scored from that shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An overthrow occurs when a fielding player attempts to return the ball to the stumps, either directly or indirectly, but through some error causes the ball to be sent to another area of the field instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a batsman plays a shot to one side of the field, scoring runs from it. An overthrow to the other side then allows additional runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How would this shot and overthrow be represented on the wagonwheel? How are the runs coded?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9912" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-15T02:40:38.017" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T09:25:56.743" Title="How is an overthrow represented on the wagonwheel?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14465" CreationDate="2016-08-14T22:33:47.623" Score="8" ViewCount="4186" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is well known that a soccer referee should allow any team to play a penalty even if a period of play has ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the referee allow the team who has the penalty to continue the penalty kick rebound, or, should they blow the final whistle soon after the penalty is taken, since there is no time remaining? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11919" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T05:26:27.220" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T10:59:34.663" Title="Penalty kick after time expires - should the referee play rebounds on for longer?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14463" CreationDate="2016-08-14T23:50:27.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 7.4, from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/penalty-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the half is extended until the penalty kick is completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the referee should blow the whistle to end play &lt;em&gt;when the kick is completed&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 14.1, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from the same source&lt;/a&gt;, states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The penalty kick is completed when the ball stops moving, goes out of play or the referee stops play for any infringement of the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This definition is reasonably straightforward: the game should continue &lt;em&gt;despite time expiring&lt;/em&gt; until such a point as one of the above conditions is met.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional documents are intended for officials and the management of situations of special importance where the appropriate and lawful procedure or action may not be clear. However, while it does discuss various points around the taking of penalties and of timekeeping, this is not an area where further clarification is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, by a strict reading of the law as written, &lt;strong&gt;play continues until it naturally stops&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-08-14T23:50:27.673" CommentCount="20" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13777" CreationDate="2016-08-15T02:24:35.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, race numbers are a rider's ID, so they're issued sequentially to people who sign up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, it depends totally on the race - there may be specialist traditions unique to the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the race is expected to have 90 to 899 riders, the numbers will probably be 3 digits, and will start at 100 or 101 and go to 999.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For races with 10 to 89 riders, numbers may be 10 or 11, to 99.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not unusual for the organisers to drop specific numbers either.&#xA;These race IDs are often excluded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;666 (&quot;number of the beast&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;111 (emergency services number)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;999 (emergency services number)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes 777 and 888 are dropped, because they're perceived as lucky in some cultures.  Likewise 13 and 1313 may be excluded as &lt;em&gt;un&lt;/em&gt;lucky numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although UCI regulations prevent you from altering your race numbe , &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.velominati.com/the-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;it's considered acceptable to rotate it if you do draw #13&lt;/a&gt; says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you draw race number 13, turn it upside down.&lt;br&gt;Paradoxically, the same mind that holds such control over the body is also woefully fragile and prone to superstitious thought. It fills easily with doubt and is distracted by ancillary details. This is why the tape must always be perfect, the machine silent, the kit spotless.&lt;br&gt;And, if you draw the unlucky Number 13, turn it upside down to counter-act its negative energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11921" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-14T07:54:58.437" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T07:54:58.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4486" CreationDate="2016-08-15T06:23:38.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a somewhat different idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used this road bike &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mec.ca/en/product/5019-808/Cork-Tape-w-Gel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bar tape&lt;/a&gt; for a pair tennis racquets, with fantastic results on all fronts: appearance, durability, comfort, control, thickness and vibration/shock absorption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tape will not lose grip even in the rain; that would be dangerous (worse than useless) to serious year-round, all-weather cyclists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It turns out that the two pieces of bar tape, adding up to 215 cm of length according to the package, are quite exactly sufficient to do four racquet handles. I used just one roll for the two, with very little leftover waste: just small trimmings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bar tape doesn't, of course, come with a pre-cut tapered end to begin the wrap for a racquet handle; you have to cut that yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used a staple gun on one racquet to tack down the start of the tape. On the other, I had trouble with the staples not penetrating; I used a dab of rubber cement glue to help hold the tape in place instead. For finishing, I used 3M &lt;em&gt;Super 33+&lt;/em&gt; vinyl electrical tape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes little sense to put anything over top of this durable grip. It is not adhesive, so it just unwraps, and the cost is in the overgrip ballpark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the pictures you can see just how thick this is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YwINHm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YwINHm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Yonex racquet&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F7nsrm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F7nsrm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Detail of handle butt&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/f4QhEm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/f4QhEm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Detail of finish tape&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stay tuned for the next installment, in which we mount a Shimano Ultegra road lever with 9 speed indexed shifting, to dynamically select among string tensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11913" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T06:23:38.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14472" CreationDate="2016-08-15T10:08:23.050" Score="-3" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been looking at an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;all-time Olympic medal table&lt;/a&gt; and it seems that the USA have way more medals than anyone else, followed by Russia who also won a lot more than would be expected. Now, it is known that both countries have spent a lot of money pushing their athletes during the cold war.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, non-industrialised countries do not seem to play a role in Olympia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore the question: Is it mainly a question of money, whether or not an Olympic national team wins medals or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11912" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T13:32:37.980" Title="Can you buy Olympic medals?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T21:16:50.953" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-15T10:38:42.837" Score="4" ViewCount="1306" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curios why a bronze medal is not awarded in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.lk/search?q=Olympics&amp;amp;oi=ddle&amp;amp;ct=2016-doodle-fruit-games-day-11-5698592858701824-hp&amp;amp;hl=en#mie=oly%2C%5B%22%2Fg%2F11c3ymwpjk%22%2C6%2Cnull%2C2%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C%22%2Fm%2F04fk3pf%22%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C16%5D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;100m butterfly swimming Rio 2016&lt;/a&gt; award ceremony. Michael Phelps and two other swimmers got silvers but no bronze was awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I assume &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If there are three or more gold medals are awarded, silver and bronze medals are not&#xA;  awarded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If there are two gold medals and one silver are awarded, no bronze is awarded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my assumption correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11922" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-15T18:42:01.117" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T18:42:01.117" Title="Why is a bronze medal not awarded when two silvers are awarded in the Olympic Games?" Tags="|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14470" CreationDate="2016-08-15T12:18:34.520" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each ex aequo &quot;removes&quot; one of places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if A is first, B and C are ex aequo second and D is third, the final places will be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First. A &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second. B and C &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fourth. D &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no third place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11457" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T12:18:34.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14469" CreationDate="2016-08-15T13:32:37.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer super-literally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is it possible to get a specific medal in a specific sport just by spending enough money? &lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;does every person (and their country) who wins a medal spend a large amount of money for that purpose? &lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at wins by Singapore, Fiji, or other small countries. They spend less dollars per capita and occasionally win more medals per capita. There is a certain amount of luck, genetics, and such at play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in general, over decades, will spending a lot of money building infrastructure (arenas, tracks, training facilities), paying coaches, giving athletes living stipends so they don't need &quot;Day jobs&quot; and can train all day, and running TV ads saying that it's great to be an Olympic athlete all result in more Olympic athletes and better performances from those athletes? &lt;strong&gt;Of course it will.&lt;/strong&gt; That's why countries do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it mainly a question of money? It depends on the sport. In Athletics, probably yes. That's a glamour sport that countries want to be known for. In sailing or judo or fencing, probably less so. The thing is, getting amazingly good at something takes a lot of time, equipment, coaches, medical help (physiotherapy, sports psychology, etc), buildings, transportation to events, plane tickets and hotels to international events, you name it. The days when athletes were rich people who could fund all that themselves are long gone. The teams where all the athletes have jobs &lt;strong&gt;almost never&lt;/strong&gt; beat the teams where the athletes do nothing but train and compete. That's why, when someone does, we make a big deal of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T13:32:37.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26287" CreationDate="2016-08-15T14:43:14.690" Score="8" ViewCount="989" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many websites (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;especially&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.revistaelitesport.es/kim-collins-el-velocista-mas-lento-del-mundo.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.futbol.com.uy/auc.aspx?147479&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Spanish&lt;/a&gt;), it is mentioned that the worst performance in Men's 100m is that of Kim Collins, 21.73 seconds at Athens World Championship in 1997. To make things more spectacular (and, to me, more suspicious), this is the same &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Collins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kim Collins&lt;/a&gt; who became World Champion in the same competition five years later. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no mention of that abysmal 1997 performance in the wiki page, but the time indeed appears in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this list&lt;/a&gt; and also in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/saint-kitts-and-nevis/kim-collins-20646&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IAAF page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, it's hard to believe that that the record was for a real, normal run. It's also totally inconsistent with the progression timeline of that runner (it would seem credible if it were a 200m run). Does anyone know what really happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-15T19:46:36.240" LastActivityDate="2021-08-27T20:32:56.017" Title="Is it true that a sprinter ran the 100m in 21.73 seconds in a World Championship?" Tags="|history|running|records|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14473" CreationDate="2016-08-15T17:34:16.470" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering the fact that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Collins&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kim Collins qualified for the second round in the 100 m in 1996 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, one year before he recorded 21.73 seconds and his &lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/site/nevisaaa/kimcollinsbio&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;record of 10.63 seconds he made in 100 meters in 1995&lt;/a&gt;, it seems impossible for him to have recorded 21.73 seconds unless he tripped over or was injured during the race.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not that uncommon for track athletes to continue to run or walk when something goes terribly wrong.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything on the internet which shows what exactly happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-08-15T22:49:15.700" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T22:49:15.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14470" CreationDate="2016-08-15T17:37:59.210" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can look at it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Gold Medal is awarded to the athletes who have no other athlete before them, in this case Joseph Schooling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Silver Medal is awarded to the athletes who have one athlete before them, in this case Michael Phelps, Chad le Clos, and László Cseh.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Bronze Medal is awarded to the athletes who have two athletes before them. In this case, there is nobody who has two athletes before him: Michael Phelps, Chad le Clos, and László Cseh all have only one athlete before them, and Li Zhuhao has &lt;em&gt;four&lt;/em&gt; athletes before him.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fourth Place is awarded to the athletes who have three athletes before them. In this case, there is nobody who has three athletes before him: Li Zhuhao has &lt;em&gt;four&lt;/em&gt; athletes before him.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fifth Place is awarded to the athletes who have four athletes before them, in this case Li Zhuhao.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;… and so on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, Li Zhuhao is in Fifth Place, because there are four swimmers faster than him. There is nobody in Third Place, because there is nobody who has two swimmers faster than him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T17:37:59.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-15T17:54:19.317" Score="10" ViewCount="5703" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an apparent consensus that when the track begins to curve during longer races, lanes 1 and 8 are marginally worse to run in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for a 100m sprint, is there any reason (whether psychological or practical) to prefer one lane over another?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11926" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T04:03:53.467" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T18:43:44.557" Title="100m sprint: is there evidence for some lanes being better than others?" Tags="|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14349" CreationDate="2016-08-15T19:59:12.367" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When in NBA a team wins a championship they are called the best in the &lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt; (world champions, because in NBA are playing the best players from different countries). So I guess when somebody is awarded as MVP (most valuable player), he is the best in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11927" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T19:59:12.367" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-16T07:31:54.460" Score="9" ViewCount="1362" Body="&lt;p&gt;After yesterday's (August 15th, 2016) omnium in the Olympics and &lt;a href=&quot;http://cyclingtips.com/2016/08/mixed-reactions-as-cavendish-causes-olympic-omnium-crash/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the crash caused by Mark Cavendish&lt;/a&gt; in the points race, lots of people, ranging from cycling specific media to seemingly half of twitter, are saying they can't believe he wasn't disqualified, or insinuating that he should have been. However, no one has actually pointed to a rule nor any case where a similar standard has been set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules and standard punishments for crashes caused in track racing and specifically, the points race of an omnium? What does one have to do to be disqualified? Did previous similar incidents have the same results (warning) or result in disqualification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1915" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T12:14:17.593" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T10:28:58.457" Title="Rules and punishments for causing crashes in track cycling (omnium, points race)" Tags="|rules|olympics|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14349" CreationDate="2016-08-16T11:57:15.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the lack of anyone finding any evidence, I'm going to go out on a not very big limb and say &quot;No, FIBA does not give a 'best player in the world' award&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest that seems to exist is that FIBA &lt;em&gt;Europe&lt;/em&gt; give a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA_Europe_Men%27s_Player_of_the_Year_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Player of the Year&lt;/a&gt;&quot; award. This is open to any player with European citizenship, but mostly goes to players in the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T11:57:15.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14481" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14490" CreationDate="2016-08-16T15:47:46.653" Score="7" ViewCount="626" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shi Tingmao's fourth dive in the 2016 Rio Olympic 3m final was &quot;Forward 3½ Somersaults&quot; with a difficulty coefficient of 3.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are such values determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, is the difficulty coefficient fixed or variable over time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T23:02:38.570" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T09:18:18.507" Title="Olympic Diving: how is the difficulty of a dive decided?" Tags="|rules|olympics|scoring|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14476" CreationDate="2016-08-16T18:43:44.557" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only practical preference for lane assignment in the 100m sprint is for a matter that's no longer the case at the Olympic games and many other large competitions.  In 2008, research was published that showed that sprinters nearer to the starting gun (which is always inside lane 1) had slightly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livescience.com/2749-olympic-sprinters-nearest-starting-gun-advantage.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;quicker reactions&lt;/a&gt; to the gun.  This is because of their proximity to the gun as well as the shot having just a little more volume to their perspective.  The use of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/the-speed-of-sound-is-too-slow-for-olympic-athletes/260413/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;electronic pistols&lt;/a&gt; began in 2012 for the Olympics and you can see them today sitting just behind the starting blocks in each lane to provide a uniform starting shot for everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I perused a few scientific studies that explore factors in straight-line sprint times and didn't come across any mentions of lane assignments being a factor in any way (other than what I described with proximity to the starting gun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as psychological impact, it's a possibility but I think that comes down to the individual--two people could view the same situation in difference lights and a third might not think about it at all.  For example, one sprinter may feel uncomfortable being on an outside lane because they might not feel like they're &quot;in&quot; the race as much;  while another may enjoy that situation because they can keep track of everybody else by simply eyeing in one direction and it could feel like it's them against this block of &quot;everyone else&quot;.  One could argue that a middle lane is best because you have other good runners pushing you from either or both sides.  Bottom line, though, I think it just comes down to personal preference and no lane has an inherent advantage over any other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T18:43:44.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14483" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-16T19:50:02.747" Score="4" ViewCount="983" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose that two boxers (or MMA fighters or similar) chose not to fight. They do nothing and persist in doing nothing even when instructed to start fighting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if it was just one doing so, then he would either be attacked and knocked out, pinned, scored lower than his opponent, or otherwise determined to be the losing fighter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if both fighters were doing the same, refusing to fight? Would it be a double loss? How is that decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11932" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T22:48:27.300" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T13:11:15.597" Title="What if two boxers refused to fight each other?" Tags="|rules|boxing|mma|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14483" CreationDate="2016-08-16T20:05:15.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Rules_of_Boxing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The rules of boxing vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction...&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important thing is they are in the ring to fight, not to do nothing. If they don't engage in fighting, they will be given a warning or two. If they continue to do nothing after the warning, they will be disqualified. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never seen any situation like that in the past and I am 100% certain that it will never happen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T20:05:15.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14463" CreationDate="2016-08-16T23:43:21.600" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 14 - (Penalty Kicks/Extended Time) states:&#xA;&quot;....At the end of the half or at the end of the game, &lt;strong&gt;time will be extended to take&lt;/strong&gt; (or retake if necessary) a penalty kick. When a penalty kick has been legally taken or retaken at the end of either half or during a tie-breaking procedure, &lt;strong&gt;play is over as soon as a goal is scored&lt;/strong&gt; (directly, or indirectly off the goalkeeper, the goal post, the crossbar, or any combination thereof); &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;when any player other than the defending goalkeeper touches the ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;; or when the referee has decided that a goal has not been scored.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this law clearly prohibit the action of scoring rebounded balls. by covering this scenario implicitly in the following line: &lt;em&gt;&quot;..when any player other than the defending goalkeeper touches the ball..&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11919" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T23:43:21.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14489" CreationDate="2016-08-17T01:46:27.730" Score="2" ViewCount="281" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been amazed at the headlines about so many Olympic divers scoring zeros during competition. Is this common in Olympic diving? If so, is there an easy explanation? It just seems odd to me that divers could misjudge their dives so badly as to do so many bellyflops. If gymnasts did this, they would be leaving on stretchers a LOT!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11934" LastEditorUserId="11934" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T16:38:58.453" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T16:38:58.453" Title="How often do Olympic divers score a zero?" Tags="|olympics|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-08-18T08:40:43.543" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14463" CreationDate="2016-08-17T01:56:16.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, Section 1 - Procedure&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The penalty kick is completed when the ball stops moving, goes out of play or the referee stops play for any offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken and completed at the end of each half of the match or extra time. When additional time is allowed, the penalty kick is completed when, after the kick has been taken, the ball stops moving, goes out of play, is played by any player (including the kicker) other than the defending goalkeeper, or the referee stops play for an offence by the kicker or the kicker’s team. If a defending team player (including the goalkeeper) commits an offence and the penalty is missed/saved, the penalty is retaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the kicking team is not allowed a follow-up; as soon as anyone other than the goalkeeper touches the ball after the kick is taken (provided they do not commit an offence in doing so), the period of play is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T10:59:34.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14486" CreationDate="2016-08-17T07:23:15.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is never common in a diving competition which is usually held in indoor swimming pools. The biggest cause of those belly flops and misjudgement of dives was a very strong wind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.londonaquaticscentre.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;diving pool at the London Olympics&lt;/a&gt; was indoor and there was no wind. However, as you can see in the below image, the diving pool at Rio is outdoor &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bTSXU.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bTSXU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The diving pool has been a big embarrassment for Rio organizers and they should be blamed for not having anticipated the effect of strong gush of wind on divers when it could be powerful enough to knock down aerial camera and cables injuring seven people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/15/camera-fall-olympic-park-rio/88765972/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rio Olympics: Seven injured when aerial camera, cables fall in Olympic Park&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-diving-m-3mspringboard-idUSKCN10Q27T&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diving: Winds help knock Chinese world champion out in preliminaries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It was the wind that really affected the start of my dive. We didn't&#xA;  train in these kinds of very windy conditions before at all,&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confident that future Olympic organizers will take the wind factor more seriously than Rio organizers did. It's another shame for Rio. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T08:17:39.003" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T08:17:39.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14481" CreationDate="2016-08-17T09:18:18.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The values come from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/content/appendix-2-fina-table-degrees-difficulty-springboard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FINA Table of Degrees of Difficulty&lt;/a&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tables are a matrix that combine the direction and number of any spins and twists, with the shape that is held during the dive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cwYhA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cwYhA.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, a Forward 3½ Somersault combined with a Pike results in a 3.1 difficulty coefficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* The link provided is for the 1m and 3m springboards. For 5m, 7.5m and 10m platform diving &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/content/appendix-4-fina-table-degrees-difficulty-platform&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T09:18:18.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14493" CreationDate="2016-08-17T12:35:36.153" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a list of football clubs (if any) that have won the UEFA Europa League the season immediately following on from where they won the UEFA Champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also be interested in knowing the seasons (years) in which the wins occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="685" LastEditorUserId="685" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T13:43:23.590" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T13:43:23.590" Title="What teams have won the Europa League the season after winning the Champions League?" Tags="|football|trivia|uefa|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14491" CreationDate="2016-08-17T13:26:25.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It happened only to Chelsea&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chelsea&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011/2012 Champions League winner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2012/2013 Europa League winner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the table of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Champions League finals&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UEFA_Cup_and_Europa_League_finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Europa League finals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T13:31:55.110" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T13:31:55.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14405" CreationDate="2016-08-17T13:34:17.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A third-party contractor used hydrogen peroxide to clean the pools. Hydrogen peroxide is a de-chlorination agent, it neutralizes the chlorine which is added to the water to prevent the growth of algae and other micro-organisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the chlorine levels lowered without anybody knowing, algae grew in the water and turned it green and reportedly slightly smelly. Now that the problem has been corrected, the chlorine is killing off the algae, and the pools are slowly returning to normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pool used for synchronized swimming had to be completely drained and re-filled (using water from a training and warm-up pool for water polo, which is no longer needed because after the qualifying phase, the water polo competition was scheduled to move into the big stadium anyway) because neither the athletes nor the judges would have been able to clearly see what goes on under water, which is where most of synchronized swimming happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T13:34:17.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14496" CreationDate="2016-08-17T13:39:58.637" Score="1" ViewCount="956" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have any football teams won the UEFA Champions League the season directly following on from when they won the Europa League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, what teams were they, and in which seasons did they achieve their victories?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="685" LastEditorUserId="685" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T13:54:11.137" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T13:54:40.297" Title="What teams have won the Champions League the season after winning the Europa League?" Tags="|football|trivia|uefa|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14495" CreationDate="2016-08-17T13:54:40.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It happened only to Porto&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Porto&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002/2003 Europa League winner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2003/2004 Champions League winner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the table of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Champions League finals&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UEFA_Cup_and_Europa_League_finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Europa League finals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T13:54:40.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14500" CreationDate="2016-08-17T15:35:09.317" Score="2" ViewCount="4298" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dead lifts and dead rows are basic moves we do with weights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand &quot;lift&quot; and &quot;row&quot;, but why is the word &quot;dead&quot; used as an adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T05:28:33.850" LastActivityDate="2022-12-08T18:05:22.040" Title="Where do the terms &quot;dead lift&quot; and &quot;dead row&quot; come from?" Tags="|terminology|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2022-12-09T00:47:28.163" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14501" CreationDate="2016-08-17T18:24:01.543" Score="7" ViewCount="2334" Body="&lt;p&gt;In competitive swimming, &quot;freestyle&quot; events are those which have very few limitations in the swimming style, and the swimmer is allowed to choose whatever style they are fastest in. However, I have only ever seen freestyle swimmers use the &quot;front crawl&quot; technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the front crawl is so dominant, was there ever a time in history when there were actually a range of styles used in freestyle events? Or have freestyle events always been dominated by front crawl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10608" LastActivityDate="2017-06-25T14:11:39.687" Title="Was &quot;freestyle&quot; swimming anything other than &quot;front crawl&quot;" Tags="|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14498" CreationDate="2016-08-17T18:31:38.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are picking up &quot;dead weight&quot; from the ground, hence the origin of the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deadlifts are a movement that involved picking up some weights from the ground while it is immobile or &quot;dead&quot;. A deadlift rep starts with the weight on the ground, it does not bounce between reps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Googling &quot;Dead row&quot; referred me to Bent Over Rows, which again involves picking up a weight from the ground up until your abdomen with a rowing movement. The weight has to be dead on the ground between each rep. Yes, there are variations, but the &quot;Dead Row&quot; appears to be a &quot;Pendlay Row&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadlift#Overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Deadlift refers to the lifting of dead (without momentum) weight, such as weights lying on the ground. It is one of the few standard weight training exercises in which all repetitions begin with dead weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://crossfitamplify.com/2014/08/04/the-deadlift/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Crossfit Amplify&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to myth, the Deadlift got its name somewhere in ancient Rome, after military battles when young Roman soldiers would go out into the field to lift their fallen comrades onto wagons to later be buried. Literally, “lifting the dead.”  This was used not only to help young soldiers get familiar with battle and death, but to also increase overall strength. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastEditorUserId="11234" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T18:47:01.897" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T18:47:01.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14499" CreationDate="2016-08-17T19:12:46.733" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you know, no swimming style can be faster than the front crawl and it would be very foolish to use other strokes in a freestyle event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_crawl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;linked Wikipedia article on &lt;strong&gt;front crawl&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &quot;front crawl&quot; style has been in use since ancient times. There is&#xA;  an Egyptian bas relief piece dating to 2000 BCE showing it in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the Western world, the stroke which would later be refined into the&#xA;  modern front crawl was first seen in a swimming race held in &lt;strong&gt;1844 in&#xA;  London&lt;/strong&gt;, where it was swum by Northern Native Americans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The front crawl had been used in a swimming competition &lt;strong&gt;52 years before the first Summer Olympics were held&lt;/strong&gt; and we can safely assume that people at that time knew it was the fastest swimming stroke and all freestyle events have always been dominated by the front crawl.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T07:41:42.407" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T07:41:42.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14505" CreationDate="2016-08-18T05:10:04.243" Score="3" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the start of the 2007 season final at Brazil, Kimi Raikkonen was third in the Drivers' Championship table behind Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He went on to win the Championship by one point. It was only the second time (Giuseppe Farina in 1950) that this has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been an instance where a driver ranked outside the top three at the start of the final race, then won that Drivers' Championship?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T09:22:51.623" LastActivityDate="2021-11-21T16:56:06.213" Title="Formula 1: the lowest-ranked driver to win the Drivers' Championship in the final race?" Tags="|trivia|history|ranking|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14502" CreationDate="2016-08-18T08:34:48.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It has never happened that a driver who was 4th or further before the last race has won the Formula 1 Driver's Championship.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below, you can find a list of situations in which the winner had a reduced point margin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the years where the Driver Champion won within 25 points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; Rosberg wins by 5 points  but was already leading before the last race&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; Vettel wins by 3 points but lead since last 4 races&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; Vettel wins by 4 points and starts the last races from 3rd position in Driver ranking&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 2010 the winner took 10 points (or less):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt; Hamilton wins by 1 point starting last race as a leader (I remember an incredible last lap where Hamilton take the point to win the title)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; as quoted in the question, Raikkonnen wins the title by 1 point starting the last race from 3rd position in Driver rankings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt; Schumacher wins by 2 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; Häkkinen wins by 2 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt; Schumacher wins by 1 point starting last race as a leader (Schumacher and Hill retired because of a collision in last race)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt; Senna wins by 7 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988&lt;/a&gt; Senna wins by 3 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt; Prost wins by 2 points starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984&lt;/a&gt; Laura wins by 0.5 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/a&gt; Piquet wins by 2 points starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1981&lt;/a&gt; Piquet wins by 1 point starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt; Scheckter wins by 4 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/a&gt; Hunt wins by 1 point starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/a&gt; Fittipaldi wins by 3 points starting last race as a co-leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/a&gt; Rindt wins by 5 points not racing last 4 races&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1697&lt;/a&gt; Hulme wins by 5 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/a&gt; Surtees wins by 1 point starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1961&lt;/a&gt; Hill wins by 1 points not racing last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1960&lt;/a&gt; Brabham wins by 9 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1959&lt;/a&gt; Brabham wins by 4 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958&lt;/a&gt; Hawthorn wins by 1 point starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1956 Fangio wins by 3 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1953&lt;/a&gt; Ascari wins by 6.5 points starting last race as a leader&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1951&lt;/a&gt; Fangio wins by 6 points starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/a&gt; Farina wins by 3 points starting last race from 2nd position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="21824" LastEditDate="2021-11-21T16:56:06.213" LastActivityDate="2021-11-21T16:56:06.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14479" CreationDate="2016-08-18T10:10:26.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Points Race&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the &lt;em&gt;Points Race&lt;/em&gt;, there does not appear to be a rule in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/16/26/54/3-PIS-20160604-E_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UCI Cycling Regulations Part 3: Track Races&lt;/a&gt;, under the Points Race section, that specifically talks about a collisions between riders. The closest ruling is in the event of a recognised mishap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.2.129&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In the case of a recognised mishap, the rider shall be entitled to a neutralisation during the number of laps closest to 1300 metres. On returning to the track, he shall resume the position he occupied before the mishap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier in the same document (page 7), it describes what a &quot;recognised mishap&quot; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.2.021: Recognised mishap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The following shall be considered recognised mishaps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a fall&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a puncture&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the breakage of an essential part of the bicycle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All others incidents are considered un-recognised mishaps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, whether &lt;em&gt;a fall&lt;/em&gt; covers rider collisions is up for debate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on page 6 under the &lt;em&gt;Warnings - disqualification&lt;/em&gt; section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.2.013: Warnings - disqualification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Any offence not specifically penalised and any unsporting behaviour shall be punished by a warning, indicated by a yellow flag, or by disqualification from the race, indicated by a red flag, according to the gravity of the fault, notwithstanding the&#xA;  fine provided for in article 12.1.007. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we can reasonably assume that Mark Cavendish was adjudged to have caused the crash, but it was not considered to be that serious of an offense to be disqualified, and was given a warning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Other Events&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of other track cycling events, it will again come down to that specific event to explicitly define rules for crashes, otherwise it will follow the guidelines in section 3.2.013 (above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of an event which &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; have specific rules regarding crashes is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_(cycling)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sprint&lt;/a&gt; event. It says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.2.041&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Before the last 200 metres line or the start of the final sprint, riders may avail themselves of the full width of the track but must nevertheless leave sufficient space for their opponent to pass and shall refrain from any manoeuvres that could provoke a collision, a fall or cause any rider to ride off the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.2.048: Race Stoppages&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The race may be stopped only:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in the case of fall.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the fall be intentionally caused by a competitor, that competitor shall be&#xA;  relegated or disqualified from the tournament according to the gravity of the&#xA;  fault committed and the other competitor declared the winner. In three or fourup&#xA;  heats, the race shall be immediately restarted with the remaining two or&#xA;  three riders.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Should the fall have been caused by a competitor riding too slowly in a curve&#xA;  or by any other unintentional fault, the race shall be restarted and the&#xA;  offending rider shall take the inside of the track.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the fall is not caused by a competitor committing a fault, commissaires shall&#xA;  decide whether the race is to be restarted with the riders in the same order or&#xA;  whether the positions at the time of the fall should be considered final.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T10:28:58.457" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T10:28:58.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14507" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14508" CreationDate="2016-08-18T14:27:01.667" Score="3" ViewCount="1671" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching a lot of the Olympic Beach VolleyBall, and I noticed that they almost never set the ball using an overhead set (two hands open position over their head.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this type of set fallen out of favor, or become illegal?  What has changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11944" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T14:57:45.927" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T14:57:45.927" Title="Why do the olympic beach volleyball teams not set?" Tags="|technique|olympics|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14507" CreationDate="2016-08-18T14:37:12.067" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has always been the case that overhand sets have been judged very strictly in beach volleyball. Players can and do make overhand sets - see for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zdddU6JaGk#t=6m23s&quot;&gt;a couple of points from the Rio Grand Slam earlier this year&lt;/a&gt;, but they have to come out &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; clean in order to avoid being called as a double touch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T14:37:12.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14513" CreationDate="2016-08-18T14:39:24.543" Score="2" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am following the Olympic diving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am always wondering why or how divers choose to jump from different positions on the platform (i.e not from the center)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11948" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T14:58:41.693" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T16:38:02.613" Title="Platform diving - diver standing position" Tags="|technique|olympics|diving|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14510" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14516" CreationDate="2016-08-18T15:32:57.380" Score="0" ViewCount="2085" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the defense commits a penalty on an extra point after a turnover does the offense get to retry the point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume the offense is going for a two point conversion and a defender intercepts the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of his teammates hoping to help out commits a holding penalty &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the interception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the offense get to retry the extra point or does this penalty have to be enforced on the next kickoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10718" LastActivityDate="2022-11-27T02:32:32.883" Title="If the defense commits a penalty on an extra point after a turnover does the offense get to retry the point?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14512" CreationDate="2016-08-18T15:47:57.240" Score="13" ViewCount="9865" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football (or soccer for NA people), I wonder what would you be able to do if the following scenario was to happen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All 3 player substitutions are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Goalkeeper is made unable to continue the match (knocked out, broke an arm, you decide).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since you can't change him out, will you have to play the remaining players of the game without a goalkeeper, or can a player pick up the gloves and finish the game as a goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2023-02-24T08:21:49.977" LastActivityDate="2023-02-24T08:21:49.977" Title="If you can't change an injured goalkeeper, what can you do?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|substitution|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14511" CreationDate="2016-08-18T16:12:59.017" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-players&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 3 - The Players, 1. Number of players&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;one must be the goalkeeper&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/changing-the-goalkeeper&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4. Changing the goalkeeper&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of the players may change places with the goalkeeper if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee is informed before the change is made&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the change is made during a stoppage in play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if a goalkeeper is sent off with a red card or can't continue to play because of injury after all substitutions are made, one of the outfield players &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; take over his position. The total number of players will be reduced to 10 from 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T19:45:09.147" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14509" CreationDate="2016-08-18T16:38:02.613" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule governing where a diver should stand before diving. They can choose any place or position they like. According to the linked &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_platform&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on &lt;strong&gt;diving platform&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Diving platforms for FINA sanctioned meets must be at least 6 metres&#xA;  (20 ft) long and 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The width is necessary because there is also a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/?gfe_rd=cr&amp;amp;ei=s45BVoWaOIrN8gf1lpygCA#q=team+diving+Olympics&amp;amp;mie=oly%2C%5B%22%2Fg%2F11c3ymwgt6%22%2C6%2Cnull%2C2%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C10%5D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;synchronized platform diving competition&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T16:38:02.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-18T19:03:46.437" Score="4" ViewCount="1381" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked up a few currently inactive NHL players, but who played at least 30 or more career games in the NHL. I am familiar with the hockey term &quot;duster&quot; and I've heard it thrown around, but I don't quite get how this works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you play in any amount of games for any time in the NHL (even if you play less than 1 second of a game), aren't you signed on a guaranteed minimum NHL contract salary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, why have I found some dozens of players stats online who show well under NHL minimum? Some players show no earnings at all (e.g., preseason games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others show earnings well below the minimum for playing in NHL games (e.g., $100,000 or such instead of the minimums at the time of playing which were much higher).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this minimum only count under certain contracts/conditions? Because I have heard some former NHL players whose earnings were not NHL minimum, yet they've had rocky NHL careers (e.g., up and down from NHL/AHL multiple times).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this be clarified? Just look at this if you don't believe me: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dropyourgloves.com/Stat/Players.aspx?League=1&amp;amp;Season=2011&amp;amp;Team=4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dropyourgloves.com/Stat/Players.aspx?League=1&amp;amp;Season=2011&amp;amp;Team=4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few of those bottom of the list salaries are pretty surprising, if real.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11949" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-10-25T00:36:59.553" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T23:16:10.173" Title="NHL players making less than NHL minimum?" Tags="|ice-hockey|finances|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14515" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14517" CreationDate="2016-08-18T19:27:01.263" Score="-3" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing FIFA, and Bale crossed it in, from where an opposing player tried heading it out, but knocked it into his own goal. The goal was given to Bale. Was that an own goal, or was the game right in giving the goal to Bale?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9654" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T03:15:48.623" Title="own goal from cross" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2016-08-19T08:35:37.633" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14510" CreationDate="2016-08-19T00:01:01.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't see anything in the rules that suggest that the offense (team A) would not be able to accept the penalty and retry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are specific rules that apply when both teams foul and there is a change of possession (11-3-3-6).  Therefore, I presume that the rules for when only the defense (team B) fouls will apply in cases where there is and is not a change of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 11-3-3-4 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#section-3-try&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 4. Fouls by Team B. The following applies if there is a foul by&#xA;  Team B:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All fouls will result in the distance penalty being assessed on the&#xA;  ensuing kickoff, unless Team A chooses to attempt a retry after&#xA;  enforcement of the penalty, or the penalty negates a score by Team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the foul results in a safety, Team A is awarded one point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: If the foul is for defensive pass interference, and it is&#xA;  declined, no distance penalty is enforced on the kickoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T00:01:01.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14515" CreationDate="2016-08-19T03:15:48.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on current Laws of the Game, there's no official guidance for declaring what constitutes an own goal; that is, declaring the scorer of a goal (regardless of whether it's an attacker or defender) is not part of the &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, most current leagues rely on the following guideline:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball was struck by an attacker and was headed &lt;strong&gt;towards&lt;/strong&gt; the goal before a defender intervened, then the attacker is credited with the goal.  If the ball was headed wide, or high, or anywhere else not on target after the last attacker touched it, then was touched by a defender or the goalie and went in, it's considered an own goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be a bit silly, of course.  You've probably seen, for example, free kicks that—while indeed on target—were going to be easily saved by the keeper before they took a deflection and wound up in the goal.  The attacker gets credit for the goal because the initial shot was on target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this means that cruelly, a keeper can be credited with an own goal if a ball hits the woodwork and is headed out, then hits the keeper and goes in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English Premier League even has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubious_Goals_Committee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dubious Goals Committee&lt;/a&gt; to rule on goals where the official scorer is in doubt.  This obviously has no effect on the most important fact: the final score of the game, but it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; used to keep consistent statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, it sounds like a classic own goal, unless Bale's original cross was headed towards the goal anyway.  Sounds like the game made a scoring error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11954" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T03:15:48.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14519" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-19T06:00:07.823" Score="2" ViewCount="452" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is normal for Olympic competitions to have a &lt;em&gt;medal table&lt;/em&gt;: a list of the countries in the order of golds, silvers, then bronzes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does such a &lt;em&gt;table by country&lt;/em&gt; exist for medals which were won and then revoked for violation of rules in the Olympic Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-06-14T16:24:40.447" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T16:55:08.307" Title="Olympics medal table by country revoked for cheating" Tags="|history|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14526" CreationDate="2016-08-19T08:56:25.920" Score="11" ViewCount="4463" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympic Charter states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Nationality of competitors&lt;/em&gt; *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Any competitor in the Olympic Games must be a national of the country of the NOC which is entering such competitor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;All matters relating to the determination of the country which a competitor may represent in the Olympic Games shall be resolved by the&#xA;  IOC Executive Board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that if athletes hold dual citizenship, they have the ability to compete for either nation. Has there been an instance of athletes who have competed for different countries during their career? (Excluding those who competed as Independent Athletes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T09:36:07.373" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T10:01:27.243" Title="Athletes who have competed in the Olympics for more than one country" Tags="|trivia|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-08-21T02:36:42.903" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-19T09:05:53.977" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Ahn&quot;&gt;Viktor Ahn&lt;/a&gt; won three gold medals and a bronze for the Republic of Korea in short track at the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy. He changed his nationality and became a Russian citizen and won three gold medals and one bronze for Russia in the 2014 Winter Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi_Min-kyung&quot;&gt;Choi Min-Kyung&lt;/a&gt;, also Korean, won a gold medal in the short track 3000 m relay at the 2002 Winter Olympics and she competed for France at the 2006 Winter Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not that uncommon for Kenyans to change their nationality to compete for marathon, Chinese for table tennis. But it is not easy to find if any of them competed for two countries in their career in the Olympics. I will keep updating the answer if I find more information.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-19T13:36:26.920" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T13:36:26.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14523" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17402" CreationDate="2016-08-19T11:16:06.693" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Olympic schedule, the Women's Badminton semifinal between Nozomi and Sindhi should occur at 1700 IST. However, this game seems to have been held hours later, at 2030 IST.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a game in the Olympics not be held at the time it is scheduled for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11960" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T07:19:39.840" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T02:09:52.380" Title="Why Olympics don't follow exact time to conduct a game?" Tags="|olympics|media|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14523" CreationDate="2016-08-19T11:41:38.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/badminton-womens-singles-semi-final-bd-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;official page&lt;/a&gt; the starting time is 16:00 BRT (Brasilia Time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe abroad there is possible that media scheduling move the streaming because of internal reasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T11:41:38.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-19T12:05:45.667" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlene_Ottey&quot;&gt;Merlene Ottey&lt;/a&gt;, who represented Jamaica (1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000) and Slovenia (2004). She obtained 9 medals representing Jamaica: 3 silver and 6 bronze.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also recall the cross-country skier &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_M%C3%BChlegg&quot;&gt;Johann Mühlegg&lt;/a&gt;, who competed in the 1992, 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics representing Germany and the 2002 Winter Olympics representing Spain (he got medals, but was later on disqualified after testing positive on drugs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a comprehensive list, you can check the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nationality_transfers_in_sport&quot;&gt;List of nationality transfers in sport&lt;/a&gt; list in Wikipedia. It is astonishing long!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-08-19T13:27:57.550" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T13:27:57.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14527" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14528" CreationDate="2016-08-19T12:45:52.627" Score="1" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sports in the Olympics have their games spread across one or even two weeks. But all matches in the wrestling tournament are completed within a single day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would lead to more tired athletes by the final stages, so, why is all wrestling done in the same day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11961" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T09:42:48.297" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T03:51:52.837" Title="Why is Olympic freestyle wrestling completed in a single day?" Tags="|olympics|schedule|wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14527" CreationDate="2016-08-19T13:31:16.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/schedule-and-results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Olympic Schedule planning of RIO 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see there are also other sports like Weightlifting / Taekwondo / Shooting / Judo planned in a single day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is because of structure and techincal reason planning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T13:31:16.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14531" CreationDate="2016-08-19T13:38:52.090" Score="1" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading about the olympics I found that sometimes it was allowed &quot;mixed teams&quot;. Now for countries with deep bonds this might make sense, but mixed teams from countries like Great Britain and France? Or Cuba-United States?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when is this possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T14:39:22.787" Title="When are &quot;mixed teams&quot; allowed in Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-19T14:18:48.293" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksana_Chusovitina&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oksana Chusovitina&lt;/a&gt;, a world and Olympic level gymnast, is another particularly good example. She has competed for five countries including the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan, and Germany due to political conflict and border changes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She has also competed in 7 Olympics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7650" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-19T15:47:06.347" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T15:47:06.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14529" CreationDate="2016-08-19T14:39:22.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Charter&lt;/a&gt; clearly states in II. Participation in the Olympic Games as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nationality of competitors&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any competitor in the Olympic Games must be a &lt;strong&gt;national of the country&lt;/strong&gt; of the NOC (National Olympic Committee) which is entering such competitor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Invitations and entries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The invitations to take part in the Olympic Games shall be sent out by the IOC to all NOCs one year before the opening ceremony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, other nationals will not be able to compete together with nationals of a country unless they receive citizenship in the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T14:39:22.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14532" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-19T14:48:03.190" Score="8" ViewCount="3693" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do most female badminton players go for the long service whereas male players go for the short service?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've observed this in various tournaments including the Rio Olympics. Is more advantageous than the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11902" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:11:12.903" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:11:12.903" Title="Why do different genders serve differently?" Tags="|badminton|serve|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14533" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14535" CreationDate="2016-08-19T14:56:05.423" Score="1" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently saw an odd event in the Olympics: the 50km race walk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was shown footage of the finish and it was someone walking up to the finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously you are not allowed to run but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What would happen if you did run (accidentally and purposefully) and how do they make sure you don't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T15:16:52.387" Title="Olympic 50km race walk" Tags="|olympics|racewalking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14532" CreationDate="2016-08-19T15:13:08.400" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possibly it may be about &lt;strong&gt;height&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://questions.sci-toys.com/node/42&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Males are on average taller than females&lt;/a&gt; (plain sexual dimorphism), so doing along serve for a female has higher chance of going over their head if they were standing close to the net. If a male was standing close to the net and the server served long then the male has a higher chance of jumping up, being able to reach it and then smash it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T15:13:08.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14533" CreationDate="2016-08-19T15:16:52.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the linked rules of International Association of Athletics Federations: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Red Cards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When a Judge observes an athlete failing to comply with paragraph 1 (Race Walking is a progression of steps so taken that the walker makes contact with the ground, so that no visible (to the human eye) loss of contact occurs.)  above by exhibiting visible loss of contact or a bent knee during any&#xA;  part of the competition, the Judge shall send a Red Card to the Chief&#xA;  Judge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disqualification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(a) &lt;strong&gt;When three Red Cards from three different Judges&lt;/strong&gt; have been sent to the Chief Judge, the athlete is disqualified and he shall be&#xA;  notified of this disqualification by the Chief Judge or a Chief&#xA;  Judgeís Assistant by showing the athlete a red paddle. The failure to&#xA;  give notification shall not result in the reinstatement of a&#xA;  disqualified athlete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) In all competitions, either directly controlled by the IAAF or&#xA;  taking place under IAAF permit, in no circumstances shall the Red&#xA;  Cards of two Judges of the same nationality have the power to&#xA;  disqualify.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It takes three Red Cards from three different Judges for an athlete to be disqualified. You can visit the link and read more details on how it works. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T15:16:52.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12551" CreationDate="2016-08-19T15:51:56.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, if the referee deems the offending player's actions as cautionable. A list of all cautionable offences can be found under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, 3. &lt;em&gt;Disciplinary Action&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Law also explains about offences temporarily waived due to an advantage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution / send off would have been issued had play been stopped, this caution / send off must be issued when the ball is next out of play, except when the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means a player can receive 2 yellow cards if they commit a first cautionable offence and continue to deny an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (which ends the advantage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play, violent conduct or a &lt;strong&gt;second cautionable offence&lt;/strong&gt; unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T15:51:56.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14537" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-19T16:16:49.690" Score="1" ViewCount="455" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bit confused about the player positioning in doubles. Say a player serves, after his game, can he also return the serve or does he have to move to the Ad court?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10962" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T13:24:49.940" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T13:24:49.940" Title="Tennis doubles: Can the player also return just after serving?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14763" CreationDate="2016-08-19T18:23:09.967" Score="3" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've gone through the best results &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alltime-athletics.com/m4x100ok.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;at alltime-athletics.com&lt;/a&gt;, but could not find it. The Rio 2016 Olympic Men's 4x100m Relay final will probably feature Usain Bolt, Yohan Blake and Asafa Powell running together for Jamaica. Have they ever run together before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11964" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-29T12:48:22.033" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T12:48:22.033" Title="Bolt + Blake + Powell ever run together in a 4x100m relay?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14541" CreationDate="2016-08-19T18:29:53.623" Score="2" ViewCount="940" Body="&lt;p&gt;As seen on the bow in the photo of Ki Bo-bae: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NeDZF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NeDZF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I did try searching first, but couldn't find it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11965" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T21:23:30.847" Title="What are those tripod-like things on the Olympic archers' bows? And what is their function?" Tags="|equipment|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14532" CreationDate="2016-08-19T20:09:35.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, men move faster on court and have a more powerful smash - this is plain visible in Mixed doubles, where the man often covers three fourth of the court, and in &lt;a href=&quot;http://bwfbadminton.com/2016/05/10/lee-intanon-clock-fastest-hits/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;smash statistics, where men are up 30km/h or more&lt;/a&gt;. On the other hand, the defensive ability of top women is very close to that of the men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For these reasons, a high shot to the back to a man will put you into a disadvantageous situation where the opponent can play a high-speed smash that you'll struggle to defend against. This is doubly true in doubles, where the back service line is closer, and a front player will cover all short replies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the same high shot to a woman (in level doubles, mixed doubles, or singles) will put you into a much more neutral situation: The smash (if any) won't be as powerful, and she may not get to the back fast enough to execute one of the really threatening jump smashes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is true for beginners as opposed to more advanced players, by the way: Beginners will struggle to reach high shots and not be able to produce any threatening shots from the back of the court, especially in singles. At lower levels, a high serve to the back may even put you into an advantageous position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today's top female players are getting to the point where they are able to dish out threatening shots from the back doubles service line, and therefore we're seeing fewer high serves in Womens/Mixed doubles as well.&#xA;Even in singles, top players like Carolina Marin or P.V. Sindhu are able to attack high shots (serves as well as clears during the game). That's why players of their caliber often employ backhand serves (easier to play short shots, and to disguise the occasional long serve) as opposed to the forehand serves(easy to get a very high shot) which are ubiquitous at lower levels in singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is only some relation between the selection of serve and the receiver's height; professional players can easily produce high serves that go over the reach of any human. Because tall players have a higher center of gravity, they take longer to go the back. That's why discipline and gender of the receiver is a much more accurate predictor of the type of service. In other words, if you serve high to Hiroyuki Endo (1,72m Men's doubles expert), you can be certain that the response will be a thundering smash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2017-09-09T10:22:32.983" LastActivityDate="2017-09-09T10:22:32.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14539" CreationDate="2016-08-19T21:23:30.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.archerylearningcenter.com/blog/stabilizers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;stabilizers&lt;/a&gt; and, among other things, they help improve the accuracy and balance of the bow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2016-08-19T21:23:30.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14542" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14577" CreationDate="2016-08-19T05:04:36.053" Score="2" ViewCount="7855" Body="&lt;p&gt;I currently run the 400m and 800m with good times. I am still a little confused about how to end these races by leaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a 100 or 200m runner, but how would I lean at the end of those races if it is close? For example, in the Rio 2016 Olympic 200m final, Christophe Lemaitre leans quite early before the finish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q0TZ5.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q0TZ5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner who came fourth (and was incredibly close) quickly snapped his head forward instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which way is more effective for this event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the 800m, would it be best to just place your chest forward or lean and possibly lose momentum?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11945" OwnerDisplayName="Christopher U'Ren" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-21T02:49:34.243" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:11:46.110" Title="Leaning at the end of a running race?" Tags="|technique|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14546" CreationDate="2016-08-19T22:09:01.513" Score="4" ViewCount="9123" Body="&lt;p&gt;I only caught this during yesterday's Olympic broadcast.  For the men's decathlon, for the 1500m event, it showed in the upper left of the screen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;WB: 4 min and change&#xA;OB: 4 min and change&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what does OB and WB stand for?  I saw OR and WR for other events (track, swimming), which is Olympic Record and World Record respectively so I assume OB and WB is Olympic B-something and World B-something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2021-08-03T20:11:25.527" Title="What does &quot;WB&quot; and &quot;OB&quot; mean for the decathlon?" Tags="|terminology|olympics|decathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-19T23:50:52.560" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zola_Budd&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zola Budd&lt;/a&gt; competed for Great Britain in the 1984 Olympics and for South Africa in 1992.  She was noted for running barefoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1984, South Africa was barred from the Olympics because of the Apartheid, but because her father was from Great Britain, she was able to get dual citizenship and compete. There was a lot of controversy surrounding her because of her citizenship as some viewed her as racist because she didn't outwardly denounce the apartheid, but also because of a collision in the 3000-meter race with American competitor, Mary Decker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I first read about her in the Runner's World article, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rw.runnersworld.com/selects/after-the-fall.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;After The Fall&lt;/a&gt;, which describes some of the struggles she went through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11966" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T03:56:20.127" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T03:56:20.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14545" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-20T00:13:22.783" Score="1" ViewCount="2004" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked on Google, the official rules for Table Tennis, and on this website&#xA;but found nothing telling me whether it's illegal to use two rackets to play&#xA;table tennis. I understand there are rules which states there must be a &quot;free hand&quot; during the serve, but during ongoing play it is legal to use two hands to use a single racket or switch hands with the racket during an ongoing point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly in the rules they always say racket rather than racket(s), but it would seem somewhat unnecessary if they had said racket(s) seeing as no one actually uses more than one racket and it's too niche.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11967" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T16:16:54.933" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T16:16:54.933" Title="Is it legal to use two rackets in Table Tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14543" CreationDate="2016-08-20T00:15:55.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;OB stands for &amp;quot;Olympic Best&amp;quot; :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q. Some of the times in the heptathlon were marked 'WB' and 'OB' instead of 'WR' and 'OR'. What's the difference? Mrs G Winkworth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. World records are rare in the heptathlon. The athletes are all-rounders, but not necessarily the world's finest in each discipline. So the &amp;quot;world best&amp;quot; score or time means the best in that event during a heptathlon. Ditto &amp;quot;Olympics best&amp;quot;. It is the same in the decathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/olympic-question-time-wbob-man-on-a-motorbike-ainslies-dinghy-8009044.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/olympic-question-time-wbob-man-on-a-motorbike-ainslies-dinghy-8009044.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11968" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-08-03T18:58:41.117" LastActivityDate="2021-08-03T18:58:41.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14548" CreationDate="2016-08-20T03:59:51.790" Score="0" ViewCount="6342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are players able to choose partners from different countries in doubles' tennis? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sania_Mirza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sania Mirza&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Hingis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Marina Hingis&lt;/a&gt; are from different countries but they play together. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11969" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T07:11:59.317" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T07:11:59.317" Title="Tennis: why can doubles players have a partner from a different country?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14547" CreationDate="2016-08-20T04:22:58.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis in an individual sport. In grand slams, ATP, WTA people are individual participants. They are not playing for their country. Therefore the players can choose any partner they want. There are other tournaments like Davis cup and Olympics. In these tournaments players represent their country and the partners are from their own country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11970" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T04:22:58.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14552" CreationDate="2016-08-20T04:26:16.760" Score="10" ViewCount="1592" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletics-mens-4-x-100m-relay-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mens 4x100 relay final races in Rio on August the 19th&lt;/a&gt; the commentators said they exchanged the baton &lt;em&gt;outside the box&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11970" LastEditorUserId="11970" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T05:08:54.783" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T05:08:54.783" Title="Why was USA disqualified from the 4x100 men's relay final in the Rio Olympics?" Tags="|rules|terminology|olympics|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14545" CreationDate="2016-08-20T04:32:33.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rules of TT&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.5.2 The ball is in play  from the last moment at which it is  stationary on the palm of the free hand before being intentionally &#xA;  projected in service until the rally is decided as a let or a point. &#xA;  2.5.5 The racket hand is the hand carrying the racket.&#xA;  2.5.6 The free hand is the hand not carrying the racket; the free arm is the arm of the free hand.&#xA;  2.6.1 Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of the server's stationary free hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules clearly establish a free hand and a racket hand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.3 For the same reason he cannot make a good return by throwing his  racket at the ball, because the racket does not “strike” the ball if&#xA;  it  is not held in the racket hand at the moment of impact. However, a&#xA;  player may transfer his racket from one hand to the other during play &#xA;  and strike the ball with the racket held alternately in either hand, &#xA;  because the hand holding the racket is automatically the “racket&#xA;  hand”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore it is assumed that it is illegal to use two racquets as you are allowed to switch between hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11970" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T15:09:24.610" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T15:09:24.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14549" CreationDate="2016-08-20T05:02:33.303" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They have a set margin of distance called the exchange zone to hand off the baton. The USA team handed the baton off before the exchange zone started therefore being disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11971" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T05:02:33.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14549" CreationDate="2016-08-20T07:56:21.970" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;4x100m relay are composed by 4 runners that run approximately 100m each. To avoid that a faster athlete run a longer section are imposed limits for the passage of the baton. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the image below you can see those takeover zones (red boxes) on a lap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sVEor.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sVEor.png&quot; alt=&quot;Relay exchanged limits&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday (August 18th 2016) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/athletics/news/rio-olympics-2016-usa-mens-4x100-dq-disqualified-justin-gatlin-tyson-gay/17p8ddjgzkgky1m3817m2bg51u&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gatlin has touched his mate out of those takeover zone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF rule book rule 170.7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The baton shall be passed within the takeover zone. The passing of&#xA;  the baton commences when it is first touched by the receiving&#xA;  athlete and is completed the moment it is in the hand of only the&#xA;  receiving athlete. In relation to the takeover zone, it is only the&#xA;  position of the baton which is decisive. Passing of the baton outside&#xA;  the takeover zone shall result in disqualification&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T14:40:11.523" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T14:40:11.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-20T08:33:30.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascelles_Brown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lascelles Brown&lt;/a&gt; has represented both Jamaica and Canada at the Winter Olympics in bobsleigh. He competed for Jamaica in 2002, where his sled set the track record at those games. In 2006, he won silver in the two-man event, and in 2010 he won bronze in the four-man event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T08:33:30.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14521" CreationDate="2016-08-20T09:34:58.593" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those atletes &lt;strong&gt;won olympic medals under different flags&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefa_Idem&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Josefa Idem&lt;/a&gt; get married with an italian and get nationality in 1992&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1984 &lt;strong&gt;Bronze&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Germany&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992 &lt;em&gt;4th place for Italy&lt;/em&gt; (after marriage)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 &lt;strong&gt;Bronze&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Italy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000 &lt;strong&gt;Gold&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Italy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004 &lt;strong&gt;Silver&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Italy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 &lt;strong&gt;Silver&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Italy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irina_Lashko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Irina Lashko&lt;/a&gt; take part to 4 olympic edition under &lt;strong&gt;4 different flags&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1988 no medal for Soviet Union&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992 &lt;strong&gt;Silver&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Unified team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 &lt;strong&gt;Silver&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Russia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000 &lt;strong&gt;Bronze&lt;/strong&gt; medal for Australia (after marriage)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-02T10:01:27.243" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T10:01:27.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14537" CreationDate="2016-08-20T09:38:26.117" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles, just as in singles, the team serving alternates after each game. So, after a doubles player finishes their service game, they will then be on the team that is returning or receiving serve during the next game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two players on the team returning serve must begin each point on the same side (&quot;their side&quot; will be either the deuce court or ad court side) for the entire service game. Therefore, each player on a doubles team will alternate receiving the serve, or you could say each player returns serve every other point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A doubles team may choose to switch which player is on the deuce court or ad court side after each set but cannot change in the middle of a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T09:38:26.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2016-08-21T10:23:11.463" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another example of four siblings in the same Olympics is the Belgian Borlée family during the 2016 Rio olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The brothers &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Borl%C3%A9e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Borl%C3%A9e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kevin&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Borl%C3%A9e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dylan&lt;/a&gt; participated in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4x400m relay&lt;/a&gt;, taking fourth in the final and missing the medals by three hundreds of a second. Jonathan and Kevin also ran individually in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;400m event&lt;/a&gt;, while Jonathan added the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_200_metres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;individual 200m&lt;/a&gt; to that. Jonathan and Kevin are twins, while Dylan is the younger brother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have an older sister &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Borl%C3%A9e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olivia&lt;/a&gt;, who participated in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_200_metres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;200m event&lt;/a&gt; in Rio. She was part of the team that won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4x100m in the 2008 Beijing Olympics&lt;/a&gt; after a recent disqualification for doping of the Russian team that finished first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their father, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Borl%C3%A9e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jacques Borlée&lt;/a&gt;, is the coach and participated himself in 1980 Moscow Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11982" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T06:19:54.887" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T06:19:54.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-21T13:58:58.480" Score="6" ViewCount="3972" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do rugby teams ever use different formations the way football teams do? e.g. instead of left and right wingers, using narrow and wide specialists, replacing a back with a loose forward, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11984" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-23T01:33:34.180" LastActivityDate="2023-07-09T21:20:29.843" Title="Rugby formations" Tags="|tactics|rugby|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14562" CreationDate="2016-08-21T22:04:19.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union_positions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;positions are fixed&lt;/a&gt; and each player will have to fill those positions. As far as position formations there are no variations like there are in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, during a match, depending on strategy players may either swap position or location on the field during a phase or 2, but only really skilled teams can do this since it is important to fill your roll and have the knowledge that the guy next to you is where you expect so you can pass to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases utility players (typically backs) can be skilled enough to fill a different positions. (i.e. a player may be able to play full-back, or wing). Nowadays teams like the All Blacks pick players that can fill different positions off the bench. Forwards tend to be rather specialized so don't mix so much. Really only the flankers (6/7/8) could have players interchange but the tight 5 are so specialized they tend to stay in that position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T22:04:19.237" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14567" CreationDate="2016-08-22T06:58:52.870" Score="7" ViewCount="969" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Rio 2016 Olympic volleyball final match's third set, a Brazilian player was spiking very close to the net. After his spike, his arm followed down, contacting the arm of the Italian blocking player, and making their hand touch the tape (the top of the net).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball was in play, the referee decided that this was a point for Brazil. But this touch of the net happened at about the same time as the ball hit the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules, whose fault was this? Was it still the Italian player's fault because he touched the net, or was this a bad call by the referee, and should have been a point for Italy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11989" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T07:07:19.303" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T11:05:47.110" Title="Attacker makes blocker touch the net in volleyball. Who should be awarded the point?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14566" CreationDate="2016-08-22T08:38:32.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the contact between the players occurred on the Brazilan side of the net, my understanding would be that this is a blocking fault by the Italian. Specifically quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB_Volleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 14.3&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;Blocking within the opponent's space&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the&#xA;  net, &lt;strong&gt;provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s&#xA;  play&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Italian blocker interfered with the Brazilian attacker's hit via the contact between the players, so this is a fault. It doesn't actually matter whether the net was touched or not, as the fault occurs when contact between the players happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T11:05:47.110" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T11:05:47.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-22T10:28:52.177" Score="7" ViewCount="2396" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Question&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are women allowed to compete in men's division in the Olympic Games? So, how is the &quot;men's division&quot; officially defined by the IOC? Is it explicitly for men only or is it an &quot;open division&quot; which allows women (at least in principle) to participate in the &quot;men's division&quot; in the Olympic Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it does depend on the sport, what would be an example where women are allowed in men's division (in principal) and where they are explicitly not allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did this rule change in the past? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were there any woman participating in the men's division in the history of the Olympic Games (except riding where no distinction between &quot;men and &quot;women&quot; exist)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Some remarks&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calling a division &quot;men&quot; doesn't logically imply that only men many participate. For example at least in Germany I know a lot examples where girls compete in &quot;boys&quot; divisions if they are good enough, though the division is called &quot;boys&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This also happens occasionally at more advanced levels, for example in table tennis the female player Li Jiao played in the played in the men's Eredivisie for Dutch club TTV Heerlen and won the championship (see: &lt;a href=&quot;http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=li-jiao-1195210/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=li-jiao-1195210/index.html&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Note that the question is about if it is in principle possible. Clearly in lots of sports the difference between men and women is very big. However one might imagine a women who is at mens elite level and wants to participate in mens Olympics for example because in the womens division there are no real competitors for her. So how are the IOC rules formulated, do they allow women in principle to participate in mens divisions?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11990" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-05-11T10:27:45.577" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T10:27:45.577" Title="Are women technically allowed to compete in the &quot;men's&quot; division in the Olympic Games?" Tags="|trivia|history|olympics|gender|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2016-08-22T16:05:39.157" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14569" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-22T12:06:08.607" Score="4" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;men basketball&lt;/a&gt; where in 15/18 editions the gold medal was taken by the USA team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this &lt;strong&gt;83%&lt;/strong&gt; (=15/18) the higher percentage of gold medal won by the same country for a single Olympic event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to consider both summer and winter editions but only specialities that were present in at least 10 editions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T13:57:44.127" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T14:46:21.843" Title="What is the highest percentage of gold medals by nation for a speciality?" Tags="|trivia|history|olympics|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14570" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-22T12:27:35.283" Score="1" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am surprised that squash has never been adopted, and I am wondering what the criteria are for deciding what to include.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There also seems to be an absence of sports which can be played by older people, such as lawn bowls. Is there any reason for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T12:27:35.283" Title="What are the criteria for deciding which sports to include in the Olympic curriculum?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-08-22T14:03:10.227" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14569" CreationDate="2016-08-22T12:53:38.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;I know this does not match the condition on &lt;em&gt;only speciality that were present in leat 10 editions&lt;/em&gt;, but I think 8 editions is relevant enough to be noted. Also, I am answering taking the sport at a whole, since checking 35 sports is easier than checking all its specialities.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;China in table tennis&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be the top one with 87.5% of gold medals over all specialities since its introduction in Seoul 1988!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Table tennis at the Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; you can see that Chinese players have obtained 28 out of 32 gold medals and 53 out of a total of 100. The other gold medals were for South Korea (3, two of them in Seoul 1988, the other one in Athens 2004) and Sweden (1 in Barcelona 1992).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to see some graphs on something related, you can check &lt;a href=&quot;http://andybarefoot.com/olympics/dominance.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sport Dominance: The percentage of events each nation has won per sport&lt;/a&gt;, in where you see archery (4/4 by South Korea), Table tennis (4/4 by China), Basketball (2/2 by USA) and Synchronized swimming (2/2 by Russia) are the sports in which a specific country has been dominant in Rio 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T14:46:21.843" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T14:46:21.843" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13382" CreationDate="2016-08-22T13:53:07.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rinus Michels was indeed the manager of the Netherlands for the FIFA World Cup in 1974, where they lost the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;final versus Germany&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not been able to find any exact reference on why Michels was not the coach prior to the tournament, but here comes my reasoning:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Checking his career path I found out that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinus_Michels&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;he was the coach of Futbol Club Barcelona from 1971 to 1975&lt;/a&gt;. This probably means that he was not allowed to serve as national team coach at the same time of being Barcelona's coach, but allowed as soon as the season was over. Since &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;La Liga finished on May 20, 1974&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the 1974 FIFA World Cup started on June 13&lt;/a&gt;, it would make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found out in the Dutch article on the FIFA 1974 World Championship &lt;a href=&quot;https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wereldkampioenschap_voetbal_1974#Groep_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wereldkampioenschap voetbal 1974 → Groep 3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Eindelijk plaatste Nederland zich voor een wereldkampioenschap, de grote generatie van Ajax en Feyenoord kon zich eindelijk manifesteren tegen de grote landen. De &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Football_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KNVB&lt;/a&gt; had weinig vertrouwen in coach Fadrhonc en besloot de succescoach van Ajax en FC Barcelona Rinus Michels als supervisor aan te stellen. In de oefencampagne liep het allemaal totaal niet en de verwachtingen waren laag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which Google translates as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Netherlands finally qualified for a world championship, the great generation of Ajax and Feyenoord could manifest itself at last against the big countries. The KNVB had to appoint little confidence in coach Fadrhonc and decided the success of Ajax and FC Barcelona coach Rinus Michels as a supervisor. The training campaign was all totally and expectations were low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In relation with the credit for the formation of that historic &quot;Orange Clockwork&quot;, I do think that this is due to the fact that the underlying style was set up a bit before by Ajax with Johan Cruyff, which had Michel itself as a coach in its golden years 1965-1971. As Wikipedia says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While at Ajax, Michels modernized the game by introducing what became known as &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Total Football&lt;/a&gt;&quot; and using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(association_football)#Offside_trap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Offside trap&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All together, it looks like he was kind of assigned the honor to be the coach in the World Cup for being the one who had defined the style of playing with the same players that helped him to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T14:01:08.230" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T14:01:08.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20682" CreationDate="2016-08-22T18:51:55.980" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was playing beach volleyball when the winning team's players started jokingly using their hands to symbolize sort of a mortar-and-pestle, with one hand grinding circularly in the other bowl-shaped one. They also said words like &quot;grill&quot; or &quot;barbeque&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this have any particular meaning in volleyball circles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11994" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T18:53:20.117" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T10:31:10.783" Title="What does this beach volleyball &quot;hand motion&quot; represent?" Tags="|terminology|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14588" CreationDate="2016-08-22T19:01:40.717" Score="9" ViewCount="1539" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/swimming-mens-50m-freestyle-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ervin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Anthony Ervin&lt;/a&gt; won gold in the 50m freestyle, the same event he won gold in at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/sydney-2000/swimming/50m-freestyle-men&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2000 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;. This marks 16 years between gold medal wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has there been a longer gap between gold medal wins by the same person in an individual event?&lt;/strong&gt; If so, how long is the longest gap in Olympic history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T15:39:14.330" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T15:39:14.330" Title="How long is the longest gap between gold medal wins by the same person in an individual event?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14574" CreationDate="2016-08-22T20:16:18.693" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No particular meaning that I'm aware of (and I'm a keen volleyball player, both beach and indoors). I'd guess it's just for &quot;crushing them&quot; or &quot;grinding them down&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T20:16:18.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14542" CreationDate="2016-08-23T00:26:00.830" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The running position of the 800m is different from the partial lap sprints. For almost all track races, the competitors move their gravity center a little ahead of their normal gravity center so that the athletes' bodies can naturally move forward. The more the athlete moves it forward, the faster the legs have to move to keep up with the gravity center so that the body would not fall over. The sprinters are trying to have a fast finish, so they seem to lean over more. But if you look at the start of the races, all the runners start leaning forward for a fast start. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For distance runs, you should lean forward a little bit (but not as far as the sprinters). By leaning I mean not only the top part of the body but as in the whole. Check this &lt;a href=&quot;https://runnersconnect.net/running-training-articles/running-technique/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; out. Try to be more relaxed and free flowing so the body would not be as cramped up. I like to start fast, relax in the middle part to induce the running-high, and increase my sprinting speed up at the last 150-250 meters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11996" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T00:26:00.830" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2016-08-23T08:41:06.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has not been considered yet, as the general director of La Vuelta says, since there is the combination ranking which makes it add up to four classifications overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia in Spanish states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otra característica diferenciadora sobre otras &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandes_Vueltas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grandes Vueltas&lt;/a&gt; es que nunca ha existido clasificación de los jóvenes y en su lugar se utiliza la clasificación de la combinada que tiene en cuenta los puestos de los corredores en la clasificación general, la clasificación a puntos y la de la montaña.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which translates as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another unique characteristic versus the rest of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Tour_(cycling)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grand Tours&lt;/a&gt; is the fact that no youth classification has ever existed. In its place, a combination classification is used, taking into account the overall, the points and the mountain classification ranking of the cyclists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ciclismoafondo.es/competicion/entrevistas/articulo/Entrevista-a-Javier-Guillen-director-de-la-Vuelta-a-Espana&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;interview with La Vuelta's general director Javier Guillén&lt;/a&gt; from back in 2014 where you can read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: Hablemos de una cuestión llamativa. La Vuelta a España es la única de las grandes vueltas que no tiene la maillot al mejor joven. En cambio existe la combinada que es una clasificación algo abstracta y difícil de entender a primera vista. ¿Os planteáis incluir un maillot al mejor joven en las próximas ediciones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer: Tenemos el mismo número de maillot que las otras grandes, cuatro. No tenemos clasificación de los jóvenes, y no digo que no la debiéramos tener, pero hoy por hoy tenemos la combinada cuenta con un sponsor muy identificado con esta clasificación que lleva 19 años patrocinando a la Vuelta. La combinada es una seña de la Vuelta a España puesto que es la única carrera que la tiene y queremos mantenerlo. Si algún día surge alguna posibilidad que dé pie a ello se podría incluir la clasificación de los jóvenes pero actualmente creemos que el podio está suficientemente completo en su situación actual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which translates to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: Let's now talk about a flashy thing. La Vuelta a España is the only one among Grand Tours not having a maillot for the young riders. Instead, there is the &lt;em&gt;combination&lt;/em&gt;, a rather abstract ranking and difficult to understand on first sight. Are you considering including a maillot to the best young cyclist in the upcoming editions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer: We do have the same amount of maillots as the other ones; this is, four. We do not have young classification, and I am not saying we should not have it, but nowadays we have the combination with a sponsor which is very much identified with this ranking since it has been sponsoring La Vuelta for 19 years. The combination is a distinguishing mark of La Vuelta, since it is the only race having it and we want to keep it like this. If we ever get the chance, we could include the young rider classification, but nowadays we think that the podium is full enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:11:29.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="742" CreationDate="2016-08-23T16:59:25.303" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket Law No.20 LOST BALL states that if a ball in play can not be found or recovered, any fielder may call LOST Ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certain conditions for this. The ball should have been lost within the field of play. This scenario is a rare one in recent time. But due to some post holes, goal post, snake holes, there are chances that the ball cannot be recovered, or when a ball within the field is trapped in the tree or is surrounded by the snake and cannot be recovered, any fielder can call &quot;Lost Ball&quot; and the ball becomes dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batsmen may take as many runs as they can, until any fielder calls &quot;Lost Ball'. At the time Lost ball is called, the batsman can score as many runs as they can. If they have crossed for the 4th run when lost ball is called, 6 runs will be awarded to the batting side and the batsmen will remain at the end they were, when Lost Ball is called. But if the batsmen have completed 10 runs and crossed for the 11th run, all 11 runs will be scored, whichever is greater shall be scored. If the ball is played by the batsmen the runs will be credited to his account or if otherwise as the case may be, of extras, say No ball, Bye, Wide etc....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the umpires will replace the ball with comparable wear with the previous ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12003" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-23T18:44:51.737" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T18:44:51.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14590" CreationDate="2016-08-23T21:40:38.580" Score="2" ViewCount="1176" Body="&lt;p&gt;What features should I look for in prescription eyewear for playing volleyball?  What type of store could I find it at?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11994" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-24T13:37:23.293" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:58:38.490" Title="What features should I look for in prescription eyewear for playing volleyball?" Tags="|equipment|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14592" CreationDate="2016-08-24T00:21:26.503" Score="6" ViewCount="31394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides from their signature shoes, player jerseys are some of the most popular merchandise bought by fans. My question is, do players earn from the sales of replicas of their jerseys?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-24T10:23:48.763" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T13:51:05.063" Title="Do NBA players earn from their jersey sales?" Tags="|equipment|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14586" CreationDate="2016-08-24T08:59:47.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It will entirely depend on each individual player's contract. Different leagues have different ways of licensing their names to sportswear giants.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All professional players are commercially owned by each club. In return for their service, they get a salary based on their contracts. But the details of their contracts are confidential and we can never know how they are structured. But we can safely assume that they will not earn that much from jersey sales by looking at how the system works between sportswear companies and a professional team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA has a different licensing system from Premier League as this linked article indicates, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2015/news/06/10/nike-nba-uniform-partnership/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Nike to become uniform, apparel provider for NBA&lt;/a&gt; and according to the article, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnbc.com/id/35691058&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LeBron Won’t Make More Money From Jersey Switch&lt;/a&gt; by CNBC, NBA players seem to receive money under their contracts. But, it is not clear how much is made from jersey sales.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are as prominent as Michael Jordan or Lebron James, you might get a lucrative endorsement outside your contract wit the team. But that's a completely different story from sales of each team's jerseys. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T13:51:05.063" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T13:51:05.063" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14575" CreationDate="2016-08-24T11:21:29.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sir Mark James Todd is a New Zealand horseman noted for his accomplishments in the discipline of eventing. Although he didnt win the gold medals, he holds the record for longest time between two medals and thats still really impresive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aladár Gerevich (16 March 1910 in Jászberény – 14 May 1991 in Budapest) was a fencer from Hungary, regarded as &quot;the greatest Olympic swordsman ever&quot;. He holds the record for the longest time between two gold medals. He won his first 1932 Los Angeles and last 1960 Rome. He does not fit your question 100% because he won multiple gold medals during that 28 year period&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Birgit Fischer (born February 25, 1962) is a German kayaker, who has won eight gold medals over six different Olympic Games, first being in 1980 Moscow representing East Germany and the last one in 2004 Athens. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe Anthony Ervin is the only sportsman/woman who won two golds in such a long time span.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11795" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T11:21:29.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14542" CreationDate="2016-08-24T15:11:46.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leaning at the end is called a &quot;dip&quot; and it's part of the finishing technique. Those who do it well place higher than those who don't. &lt;a href=&quot;http://speedendurance.com/2011/06/15/photo-finish-the-last-10-meters-drive-relax-and-dip/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;An article&lt;/a&gt; provides videos of races won and lost in the last 10 metres, because of dipping well, or perhaps of dipping poorly, such as too soon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't make a difference unless two or more runners are within tenths or hundredths of a second from each other. That's less common in longer races, so you see more attention paid to dipping in the 100m and 200m races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:11:46.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14585" CreationDate="2016-08-24T15:19:59.817" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most important feature are: &lt;strong&gt;a wide lateral vision&lt;/strong&gt; (so bigger curved lens than normal glasses) and an excellent &lt;strong&gt;grip on the head&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can suggest deformable plastic linked to an elastic to wear perfectly (only if you feel comfortable with it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These featuresare not so prevalent because the athletes usually wear contact lenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allaboutvision.com/sportsvision/eyewear.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find info on sportglasses (not only for volleyball) and also a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.safetyglassesusa.com/volleyball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;commercial link&lt;/a&gt; with a lot of example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those two example with no elastic  and elastic solutions to understand better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TT8Sy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TT8Sy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;no elastic&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WNaQh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WNaQh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;elastic&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-08-24T15:26:14.300" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:26:14.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14585" CreationDate="2016-08-24T15:58:38.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two main things that you'll want to be looking at, the frames and the lenses.  Ale has already provided a good answer as to what to look for in frames, so I'll just add a bit on what to look for in lenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lenses should be made of a shatterproof material, such as a polycarbonate.  You'll want to make sure the lenses are custom made to your prescription (duh!) and centered for your eyes.  At least in America, most optometrists that also sell glasses will do this lens fitting for you and custom cut the lenses to fit your frame and eyesight.  If you're playing mostly outside or with bright direct lighting, you may want to consider getting an anti-glare coating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to where to purchase them, most eyeglass specialists will have or be able to order suitable frames and install the lenses for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:58:38.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14586" CreationDate="2016-08-24T17:20:10.573" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA licenses its jersey sales through &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4762333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA Properties, inc.&lt;/a&gt;, the licensing and marketing branch of the NBA.  This private company negotiates deals with the various sportswear companies (such as Adidas) to produce, market, and sell the jerseys, and handles all income related to the jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA Properties income is included in the CBA as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Basketball Related Income&lt;/a&gt;, and as such is redistributed to the players as part of the salary cap.  It's unclear if a separate payment occurs or not; this agreement is not unfortunately public knowledge as far as I can tell.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.techprognosis.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/NBA_Constitution.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Uniform Player Contract&lt;/a&gt; signs away the naming rights to NBA Properties per the Group Licensing Agreement and does not specify a payment.  However, articles like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnbc.com/id/35691058&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; claim that all players receive an equal cut of jersey sales.  I doubt that, personally; every piece of real evidence I see suggests that jersey sales are simply part of BRI and thus each player receives their cut in proportion to their total salary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA is somewhat unique among leagues; the other three leagues reserve the naming rights to the players' association, NFLPA, MLBPA, NHLPA, and each have a separate contract.  That means that players then receive a cut from that, and they are free to agree to cut that however they choose.  Some players in those leagues opt out (though that seems to be rarer now).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last player that was able to opt out, as far as I can tell, from the NBA agreement was Michael Jordan (in 1992).  The Group Licensing Agreement of 1995 (which is still largely in force today) seems to have eliminated that possibility.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the full answer to your question is: yes, NBA players receive money from their jersey sales, but it is not directly related.  The jersey sales inflate the total amount of money in the league, and players receive a proportion of that (44.75% approximately, with some variance).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Some salaries are more or less determined than others by this.  Some of the 'exception' salaries for example are not really related to BRI - they're set in stone by the CBA, though their amounts undoubtedly were determined to some extent by projected BRIs.  The fact that the BRI amount has dramatically risen (above and beyond what the CBA in 2011 expected, by a lot) means players playing under those exceptions are receiving less now than they were a few years ago proportionally; though of course, the increase in total cap (almost doubling) means higher quality players don't need the exceptions and probably the players getting them now would've been minimum salary guys a few years ago.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T17:20:10.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1829" CreationDate="2016-08-24T18:53:36.567" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was an incident of an England fielder (possibly Mark Butcher ??) dropping a simple catch, and in frustration kicking the ball, which rolled out for a boundary. I think the rule is that in the case of a fielder touching the ball (but not just a parry or dropped catch over the boundary) before it goes out for a boundary then the batting side score the runs plus the boundary, and the batting positions for the following ball are as if the runs are adhered to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12016" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T18:53:36.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14595" CreationDate="2016-08-24T18:54:57.737" Score="1" ViewCount="12495" Body="&lt;p&gt;So in a case like that of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/17383258/san-diego-chargers-pull-offer-unsigned-draft-pick-joey-bosa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Joey Bosa&lt;/a&gt;, what happens if a player gets drafted into the NFL, but never signs with the team that drafts him?  How long does the team retain the rights to him?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-24T14:11:54.230" LastActivityDate="2019-11-24T14:11:54.230" Title="Drafted NFL Player Never Signs, What Happens?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14594" CreationDate="2016-08-24T20:17:15.187" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Keeping with your example of Bosa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he continues to refuse to sign with the Chargers, he cannot sign or play with any other NFL team this season. (I also think they have closed the loophole that allowed them to go play in Canada.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Chargers, by drafting him, have exclusivity to his 'signing rights' for the season. They can try to trade those rights to another team, but that is highly unlikely since NFL rookies are capped at what they can be paid, they are squabbling over &quot;guaranteed&quot; money at this point. No other team wants this headache going into their season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IF, Bosa remains unsigned OR the rights to sign him traded by the Chargers throughout the year, he will be re-entered into the NFL draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bosa won't do this because the average NFL career is just under 3 years (2.5 actually) and by sitting out and not signing, he is not getting paid, and eating up one of those years (sitting out etc. doesn't extend the avg career). YES, he is not playing, and not getting hit etc. but as they say 'There is no practice for playing in the NFL other than playing.' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12018" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T20:17:15.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14598" CreationDate="2016-08-25T12:10:59.317" Score="10" ViewCount="4480" Body="&lt;p&gt;UEFA Champions League draw rules state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No team can play a club from their own association in the group stage and the first round of knockout phase. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2398032.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the teams are already placed in their pots, how is that rule ensured during the draw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the balls marked somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12021" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-08-30T04:39:40.603" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T15:19:00.930" Title="In UEFA Champions League, how is it ensured that two teams from the same Country aren't drawn into the same group?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14597" CreationDate="2016-08-25T13:16:37.243" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shortly:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A team is drawn by a human (generally a famous player).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The computer indicates the possible groups in which that team can be drawn.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A human puts the corresponding balls of possible groups into a separate pot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A group is drawn from that separate pot by a human (another famous player).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;More detailed:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 4 pots with the names of the teams allocated to these pots by their rankings and additional 8 pots each containing only the group letters (i.e, a pot with only &quot;A&quot;s, a pot with only &quot;B&quot;s and so up to a pot with only &quot;H&quot;s). &lt;strong&gt;Externally the balls that contain team or group names should look completely identical.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firstly, teams from pot 1 are drawn (one team is drawn per each group without constraints).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For the draw with teams in the 2nd/3rd/4th pots there will be some constraints. So, after a team is drawn, the computer suggests in which groups that team may be allocated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then an attendant creates a separate pot with the only group-letters where the team can be drawn into. This operation is made after the draw of each team based on the most current constraints.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, a group is drawn for the selected team from that separate pot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPStBOZb5Ko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This is the youtube video of 2015 Champions League draw&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/UPStBOZb5Ko?t=20m32s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here you can see that Real Madrid is drawn&lt;/a&gt;. Computer shows that only groups A and D are available for Real Madrid and then the responsible takes one ball from pot A and another from pot D and puts them into a separate pot, from where the final post for Real Madrid is drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At some point it's also possible that &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/UPStBOZb5Ko?t=21m23s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a team can be drawn only into one group&lt;/a&gt; (Valencia can be allocated only into group H), so there is no need to draw the group ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T15:19:00.930" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T15:19:00.930" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14597" CreationDate="2016-08-25T15:09:16.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not that complicated. A total of 32 teams will compete in the UEFA Champions League. Which association will send how many teams is decided by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_coefficient#League_coefficient&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;UEFA coefficients&lt;/a&gt;. Based on these numbers, associations like Spain, England and Germany could send four teams each and associations like Romania, Cyprus and Denmark, etc. could send only one team (based on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015-16 competition&lt;/a&gt;), those teams from associations with low coefficients should participate in First Qualifying Rounds, Second Qualifying Rounds, Third Qualifying Rounds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After these rounds, a total of &lt;strong&gt;22 teams&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12 champions from associations 1 to 12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6 runners-up from association 1 to 6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3 third-placed teams from association 1-3    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Europa League title holders&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;+ &#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10 winners&lt;/strong&gt; from the third qualifying round will make &lt;strong&gt;32 teams&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the maximum number of teams that each association could send is only 5 when a title holder is not from the top four teams in the league. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are four pots for drawing for each team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pot 1: Seven champions from the top seven countries + a title holder (winner of the last year's UEFA Champions League). If the title holder is from the 12 champions, there will be eight champions from the eight top countries.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pot 2: Remaining five champions that didn't make it to Pot 1 + three runner-ups&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pot 3: Remaining three runner-ups + three third-placed teams + two qualifying round winners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pot 4: Eight remaining qualifying round winners.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is another pot that has balls containing group names.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drawing procedures are quite simple. For example, one ball will be drawn from Pot 1 (champions) and another ball will be drawn from the pot for group A to H to determine the group for the team. It is repeated until all the balls in Pot 4 are drawn. A group (which already has a team from the same country) can't be drawn for a team, because the ball contains the group will be eliminated before a drawing to ensure &lt;strong&gt;no team can play a club from their own association&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, after ManU is drawn into Group A and Chelsea is drawn later, a ball that has Group A will not be in the pot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A side note: For the 2015-16 Champions League, UEFA decided not to draw Russia and Ukraine into the same group based on the political situation between the two countries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T15:21:39.013" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T15:21:39.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14600" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14603" CreationDate="2016-08-25T22:09:21.420" Score="3" ViewCount="1042" Body="&lt;p&gt;I went to an MLB baseball game today and saw that after a team got 3 outs, everybody went to their dugouts and a countdown timer started at 2 minutes, 5 seconds (why not just a round two minutes, I don't know). It seemed like by the end of this, all the fielders were out and the batter was ready, so I presume it was a timer to get ready for the next half of the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if either the fielder or the batter take too long to get to get ready, i.e. the countdown timer runs out? Does the offending team get some sort of penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11846" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-27T00:36:16.887" LastActivityDate="2016-08-27T05:52:55.613" Title="What happens if the fielders or the batter take too long to get to the field at the start of a new inning?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14608" CreationDate="2016-08-26T03:03:17.237" Score="1" ViewCount="367" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2008, the Seattle Supersonics moved to Oklahoma City and became the Thunder, but because Oklahoma City was still in the Western Conference, the NBA still had a balance of 15 teams per conference. Same case in 2012, when the Nets moved from New Jersey to Brooklyn which was also still in the Eastern Conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the Sonics or the Nets moved to a location outside their respective Conferences and cause a conference to be short one team? What does the NBA do in this situation? Does the season continue as it is as long as there are at least 8 teams in each conference to take to the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T09:11:45.377" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T14:02:56.900" Title="Unbalanced conferences in the NBA" Tags="|trivia|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14604" CreationDate="2016-08-26T06:21:44.103" Score="5" ViewCount="2934" Body="&lt;p&gt;A common advice in golf is to keep your left arm straight. (The terminology used here is for right hand players.) For some players it is possible to compromise slightly with this advice and still hit balls reasonably. But if you look at top players, the majority will adhere to the standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The movement in baseball batting is very similar to the golf swing. A rotation of the body core is transferred to the arms and bat/club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in baseball batting, keeping your left arm straight is not considered an important part of the technique, to my knowledge. (I have no deeper knowledge of baseball, though.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this difference in technique? (A baseball bat is about 3 times as heavy as a golf driver. But that is not an explanation in itself.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why the left arm should be kept straight in golf is often said to be the increase in swing radius obtained, producing longer shots. If this is the only/major reason remains to be proven, in my opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T12:09:23.963" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T20:50:01.120" Title="Why keep the left arm straight in golf but not in baseball batting?" Tags="|baseball|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14600" CreationDate="2016-08-26T07:01:36.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what level of baseball you were watching.   The regulations could be different for different leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A timer like you describe is usually for the benefit of broadcasters to have a specific amount of time to break for commercials.  The extra five seconds would let them rejoin after two minutes and not be in the middle of the first pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire will hold the game to not start before the time is up.  Once done, the ump should control the pace of game as at any other point in an inning.  If the players aren't ready, he'll go and try to move them along.  There's no automatic penalty for not being ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if the ump feels that someone is trying to delay the game intentionally, he can force things to happen, but that isn't usually necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In MLB, 5.07(c) specifies that when there are no runners on base, the pitcher should be delivering the pitch within 12 seconds of having the ball and being notified that it is in play.  This rule is rarely invoked in the majors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitcher Delays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the bases are unoccupied, the pitcher shall&#xA;deliver the ball to the batter within 12 seconds after he receives the&#xA;ball. Each time the pitcher delays the game by violating this rule,&#xA;the umpire shall call “Ball.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 12-second timing starts when the&#xA;pitcher is in possession of the ball and the batter is in the box,&#xA;alert to the pitcher. The timing stops when the pitcher releases the&#xA;ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The intent of this rule is to avoid unnecessary delays. The&#xA;umpire shall insist that the catcher return the ball promptly to the&#xA;pitcher, and that the pitcher take his position on the&#xA;rubber promptly. Obvious delay by the pitcher should instantly be&#xA;penalized by the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.04 (b) (4) (A) has the comment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batter intentionally leaves the batter’s box and delays play,&#xA;and none of the exceptions listed in Rule 5.04(b)(4)(A)(i) through&#xA;(viii) applies, the umpire shall&#xA;issue a warning to the batter for the batter’s first violation of this&#xA;Rule in a game. For a batter’s second or subsequent violations of this&#xA;Rule in a game, the League President may issue an appropriate&#xA;discipline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/releases/releases.jsp?content=022616&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Press release&lt;/a&gt; indicates that as of the 2015 season, the between-inning break is 2 minutes 5 seconds when games are televised locally and 2 minutes 25 seconds when televised nationally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T19:41:12.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2016-08-26T11:11:24.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This is just an opinion from the television viewer.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the big difference between the two swing techniques comes from the ball to hit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In golf, the ball is stationary on the ground near the player, so the player has the time to prepare the shot and he know where to hit. It is important to hit the golf ball at a determined distance from the body (so the straight arm tends to fix the distance from the hand to the ball).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In baseball, the ball arrives at a speed of 60 to 100 miles per hour and the distance from the player to the incoming ball does not allow the player to have such precise preparation. The baseball player needs more flexibility in the arm when trying to hit the ball. Furthermore, the baseball player does not need to hit the ball with the end of the bat, and he can use a wider portion of a bat unlike a golf club. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T17:48:46.097" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T17:48:46.097" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2016-08-26T12:38:48.690" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing to consider here is that hitting a baseball is a reaction move and hitting a golf ball is not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having 15+ years of golf experience, one reason why top golfers will &quot;adhere to the standard&quot; is for consistency and reliability. As different as golf swings are (eg, Jim Furyk, Bubba Watson, Rory McIlroy), players are similar at different points of the golf swing, especially impact. The &quot;increase in swing radius&quot; is a minor benefit compared to consistently and reliably hitting a golf ball long and straight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having played a season of ASA slow-pitch softball, using the same swing as I do in golf isn't feasible. If you go into the batter's box (with your heels as close to the boundary as possible), face the plate, and reach your left arm straight, the handle of the bat (or, at best, the middle of the bat) will be over the strike zone. You want the barrel of the bat to hit the baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, both swings use similar concepts (utilize the core, unwind, transfer to the arms), but both swings are used under different scenarios (reaction in baseball vs. stationary in golf) and for different locations (variably waist-high in baseball vs. constantly at your feet in golf). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Miguel Cabrera was hitting a golf ball or if Bubba Watson was hitting a baseball, it is evident that body position will be different as a result to adjust to where they need to make contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xgp52.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xgp52.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Miguel Cabrera&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m87cR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m87cR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bubba Watson&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T12:45:01.420" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T12:45:01.420" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13016" CreationDate="2016-08-26T12:52:32.000" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When clubs of the same league or Association arbe drawn in the same group,,they are not to play before confirmation from the Champions board of Regulations,,,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12024" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T12:52:32.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2016-08-26T12:54:40.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to Ale's great answer, you should note the following big difference between golf and baseball: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In golf, it's like you place a ball where your club touches the ground. You must have watched pro golfers doing a practice swing before hitting the ball. The practice swing is necessary because they need to check the distance between the ball and their hands. The distance should be measured as exactly as possible so that such a small ball could be hit with a tiny sweet spot in a golf club. That's why golf players keep their left arms straight. You have to note that players don't keep their left arm straight when they play with shorter clubs for shorter distance. They keep their arms connected to the body. In other words, the longer distance you want to hit, the more straight you should keep your left arm.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, you swing your bat towards an incoming ball. If a pitched ball comes outside, you can keep your left arm straight trying to hit it with the barrel. If it comes far outside, you will most likely hit the ball with the cap (end of the bat). That's when you have the maximum distance between an incoming ball and your body with a bat. However, if a ball comes inside the pitch zone, you could have a problem if you keep your left arm straight. You can never hit the ball with the barrel with your left arm straight and the handle will most likely hit the ball, which could break the bat. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, you can watch the linked YouTube video, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6vjD1x_wDc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Robert Garrigus golf swing versus Barry Bonds&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T15:46:48.613" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T15:46:48.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14601" CreationDate="2016-08-26T14:02:56.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I'm not aware of any set of rules that governs exactly what to do in this regard for every possible expansion or team-move situation.  With any change that potentially alters the structure of the league, it's likely that the owners would put forth proposals on new conference or division alignment or playoff structure and they would vote for changes as needed.  They already do this at times, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2015/news/09/08/nba-playoff-seeding-change-ap.ap/&quot;&gt;for last season&lt;/a&gt; they changed the way seeding is awarded for playoffs, essentially making divisions pointless except for scheduling.  Not too much is ever set in stone for years into the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/friv/standings.cgi?month=6&amp;amp;day=30&amp;amp;year=1981&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&quot;&gt;1980-81&lt;/a&gt; season through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/friv/standings.cgi?month=6&amp;amp;day=30&amp;amp;year=2004&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&quot;&gt;2003-04&lt;/a&gt; season, before the addition of the New Orleans Hornets, there was an odd number of teams in the league, so it's not unheard of to have unbalanced conferences, although not with a difference of two as you ask about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting in the 2001-02 season, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Grizzlies&quot;&gt;Memphis Grizzlies&lt;/a&gt; began play as the easternmost team in the West Conference as they moved from Vancouver.  There are many teams in the East that are west of Memphis, but the league elected to keep them in the same conference so as to avoid making multiple changes across the league--they kept the status quo even though it didn't make the most sense geographically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, any new scenario could be handled on a case by case basis.  The owners would probably be resistant to complex realignments just because one team moves (as in the case of Memphis), but they do have the flexibility to do so after any particular season.  For example, if for some reason the 76er's moved to Seattle, they would surely be placed in the Western Conference but my hunch is that the owners would want balanced conferences and send a Western team over to the East. In fact, I'm pretty sure of it since there would be a material difference in odds of making the playoffs between the conferences, and that wouldn't fly with the owners in the larger conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T14:02:56.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-26T23:28:03.567" Score="4" ViewCount="476" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a referee does not have (neutral) assistants, how should they signal that the ball is out of play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally an assistant referee would do so by pointing the flag in the direction of attack for the team who will restart play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12028" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-27T03:03:13.340" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T13:50:04.440" Title="How/Should a referee signal the ball is out of play if there are no AR or CL?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14600" CreationDate="2016-08-27T03:57:00.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not a difficult question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if either the fielder or the batter take too long to get&#xA;to get ready, i.e. the countdown timer runs out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He will be warned. If the conduct is repeated, based on the umpire's authorities highlighted below, he will be disqualified or ejected. There could be disciplinary actions decided by MLB later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the offending team get some sort of penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will be no penalty for a team if the delay is caused by a player. However, if all the players deliberately delay a game, their manager will be warned. If the conduct is repeated, the game shall be forfeited. There could be disciplinary actions decided by MLB later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires and umpire-in-chief have the following authorities as described in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/umpires/rules_interest.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;linked rules on The Umpire&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.01 (The Umpire)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. Each umpire is the representative of the league and of professional baseball, and is authorized and required to enforce all of these rules. &lt;strong&gt;Each umpire has authority to order a player, coach, manager or club officer or employee to do or refrain from doing anything which affects the administering of these rules, and to enforce the prescribed penalties&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. Each umpire has authority to rule on any point not specifically covered in these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. Each umpire has authority to disqualify any player, coach, manager or substitute for objecting to decisions or for unsportsmanlike conduct or language, and to &lt;strong&gt;eject such disqualified person from the playing field&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.04&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. The &lt;strong&gt;umpire-in-chief&lt;/strong&gt; shall stand behind the catcher. (He usually is&#xA;called the plate umpire.) His duties shall be to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take full charge of, and be responsible for, the proper conduct of the game;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make all decisions on the batter;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decide when a game shall be forfeited&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Announce any special ground rules, at his discretion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-08-27T05:52:55.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14613" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-27T06:45:26.537" Score="1" ViewCount="7886" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had a bit of a debate about this one and looking for a source or discussion (by authority) around the practice of a center looking between his legs before the snap and then bringing his head forward in a continuous motion while snapping the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there isn't a rigid movement but the offensive player is clearly gaining momentum while snapping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is this a false start and are the any rule differences in high school, college, NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-08-27T17:33:01.647" Title="Can a center move his head forward before and during a snap?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14611" CreationDate="2016-08-27T10:05:01.863" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer is based on my own experience, which is limited to lower level/youth football in Belgium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is only one referee, which is common at the lower levels here, the referee &lt;strong&gt;blows their whistle&lt;/strong&gt; to indicate play should stop. Then they point their arm in the direction just like an assistant referee does with a flag. In the case where the ball is obviously out of play, they might choose not to whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This (indicating the direction of the throw in with his arm) is something the head referee always does in most situations. An accompanying whistle is not necessary most of the time, but in a close call situation they'll blow the whistle to indicate the ball went out of bounds (according to head referee or their assistant if they have one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, they do not do much different than when there are assistant referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T13:50:04.440" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T13:50:04.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-27T14:51:26.740" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do most retired players in their twilight ages have especially twitchy hands or lack of motor control with their fingers? Is it known if volleyball can cause this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11994" LastActivityDate="2016-08-27T14:51:26.740" Title="How much long-term damage is typical for professional volleyball to do to your hands?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14616" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14621" CreationDate="2016-08-27T16:23:51.873" Score="0" ViewCount="38297" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a tv show called Haikyuu, the protagonists perform a zero tempo quick, where the hitter is already in the air when the setter funnels the ball directly to their hand. Is this possible in real life? If so, please provide a video link if possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLxLpLXW1Xg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; supposedly shows zero-tempo attacks but the hitters are jumping right about or just before the set making it a first tempo (as one comment points out). Is there a video of actual zero-tempo attacks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11994" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-09-20T19:20:10.793" LastActivityDate="2021-09-20T19:20:10.793" Title="Is a zero or minus tempo attack actually possible?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14613" CreationDate="2016-08-27T17:21:06.813" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To re-phrase the question, what constitutes a false start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL rules are discussed at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/positionofplayers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NFL.com&lt;/a&gt;. In short the center must keep his head stationary for one second. This time restraint necessarily lends itself to a bit of ambiguity and judgement call from the referee. The rules also mention intent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in actual practice the center must have all parts of his body stationary for a brief moment before hiking and none of his movements should be &quot;abrupt&quot; with the intent to draw the defense off-sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NCAAF official rulebook&lt;/a&gt; has the same language under Rule 7 Section 1: The Scrimmage - Shift and False Start (pg. FR-71).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sdcfoa.org/wp-content/uploads/NFHS_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 NFHS official rulebook&lt;/a&gt; also has the same language under Rule 7-2 Article 7 (pg. 58) with an emphasis on intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To your question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically the center must halt his motion but the rule books leave plenty of leeway for the referee to decide. The intent to draw the defense off-sides is the most significant aspect of the ruling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12034" LastEditorUserId="12034" LastEditDate="2016-08-27T17:33:01.647" LastActivityDate="2016-08-27T17:33:01.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2016-08-27T19:01:35.217" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is clearly &amp;quot;possible in real life&amp;quot;, and is in fact very common. For a specific example, see the hitter in white (#17) in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8vVA7AW-R0&amp;amp;t=1m26s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; who is very clearly in the air as the ball leaves the setter's hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/O8vVA7AW-R0?start=86&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-11-09T19:46:11.153" LastActivityDate="2020-11-09T19:46:11.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14622" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14631" CreationDate="2016-08-27T23:22:36.617" Score="5" ViewCount="3602" Body="&lt;p&gt;In playing 8-ball pool, if you have only your final object ball remaining, can you call the object ball and the 8-ball at the same time, as long as the object ball is pocketed first, and win the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12035" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-08-28T07:20:17.637" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T20:37:29.800" Title="8-ball pool: can you call an object and the eight-ball in the same shot?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-08-30T08:30:51.223" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2016-08-28T08:13:27.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These terms are all subject to interpretation as there is no standard as far as I know. I experience different definitions per term from team to team, even within the same organization, let alone across a region, country or even international.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my own team, we only have first and second tempo, as we define it as the moment the ball is at 'hitting height'. First tempo is before the ball is at its highest point, still ascending. Second tempo is when the ball is already descending after reaching its highest point. In this system, a 0th or 3th tempo does not exist, although we comically refer to them with some clumsy, bad sets (e.g. a set that does not reach over the net)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the tempo of a set does not define the whole set. It is just used to describe a certain aspect of it, so a lot more context is needed to describe the exact set you want to give/receive. For example, a back-row attacker could ask for a first tempo set at the middle of the court. Or the other way around, if the midplayer asks for a set &lt;em&gt;behind&lt;/em&gt; the setter, the setter on his turn would probably ask 'first or second tempo?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11597" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-11-09T19:24:33.963" LastActivityDate="2020-11-09T19:24:33.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14626" CreationDate="2016-08-28T16:55:49.137" Score="3" ViewCount="3100" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question was inspired by something that happened during a Serie A match between Napoli and Milan yesterday. A defender handles the ball to prevent it from crossing the goal line: advantage is played, an opponent shows up, collects the ball and scores (&lt;a href=&quot;http://giphy.com/gifs/SZFHZfURzU7LO&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here is the relevant GIF&lt;/a&gt;). The defender was issued a yellow card. Now I am wondering: &lt;strong&gt;why is it a yellow card instead of a red card?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way I see it, there is a difference between denying a goal to the opposing team (which can only be done by handling the ball on the goal line) and denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to the opposing team. This said, Law 12 reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution / send off would have been issued had play been stopped, this caution / send off must be issued when the ball is next out of play, except when the denial &lt;strong&gt;of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/strong&gt; results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is NOT relevant to our situation, because the defender denied a goal and not an obvious goal-scoring opportunity. The following paragraph should be applied instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player [...] handles the ball [...] in an &lt;strong&gt;unsuccessful attempt to prevent a goal&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where I am questioning the referee's decision. It should not matter if the attacking team ended up scoring anyway: &lt;em&gt;a goal has still been prevented&lt;/em&gt;, because what was scored next was another, different goal. So I think the right decision should have been to let the goal stand, and send the defending player off instead of just cautioning him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right, or is there anything in the Laws I am missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T04:56:14.380" Title="When advantage is played on a DOGSO situation, and a goal is scored, should the offender always be cautioned?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14624" CreationDate="2016-08-28T17:24:01.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is very important to note that the fourth goal was recorded as Romagnoli's &lt;strong&gt;own goal&lt;/strong&gt;, which means the goal was already scored before the defender (Romagnoli) tried to handle the ball to prevent it from crossing the goal line. &lt;strong&gt;It had already crossed the line bouncing off him before he touched it.&lt;/strong&gt; Even if he had not handled it, the goal would have been scored. The sequence of the actions is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball was bounced off him. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The goal was scored as his own goal (&lt;strong&gt;Advantage was not played&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He tried to prevent the goal with his hand not knowing the goal had crossed the goal line. In other words, the handling foul was committed after the goal crossed the goal line. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee issued a yellow card to him.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesirenssong.com/2016/8/28/12673482/napoli-milan-serie-a-2016-final-score-result-recap-milik-mertens-meltdown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;linked article&lt;/a&gt; clearly shows the record as follows: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Napoli: Reina; Hysaj, Albiol (Vlad Chiriches 89’), Koulibaly, Ghoulam;&#xA;  Allan, Jorginho, Hamsik; Callejon, Milik, Mertens (Insigne 78’)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Goals: Milik (18’, 33’), Callejon (74’), &lt;strong&gt;Romagnoli O.G. (90’+2)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;AC Milan: Donnarumma; Abate (Calabria 80’), Gomez, Romagnoli, De&#xA;  Sciglio; Kucka (red 75’), Montolivo, Bonaventura; Suso (Lapadula 86’),&#xA;  Bacca (Jose Sosa 80’), Niang (red 87’)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Goals: Niang (51’), Suso (55’)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no reason why the law you stated in the question can't be applied. It was the right decision to issue a yellow card to him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-28T17:54:30.960" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T17:54:30.960" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14624" CreationDate="2016-08-28T21:18:39.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If advantage is played for a DOGSO offence, and a goal is scored as a result, then a goal has not been denied to the advantaged team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the player is not sent off for DOGSO (given a red card) but instead cautioned (given a yellow card) for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is precisely in line with the guidance in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 12&lt;/a&gt; for this specific case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., except when the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the referee was correct in Law to caution the player, regardless of the sequence of actions (i.e. it doesn't matter whether the hand-to-ball or the goal happened first) because a goal was still scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T21:18:39.580" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14628" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-29T04:49:55.373" Score="-1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a limited overs match, the scores were tied after the end of the &quot;regular&quot; overs, so a Super Over was being played to decide the winner. Both teams had agreed to resume the match the next day if it was interrupted due to rain, bad light or similar. The third ball of the Super Over was a full toss which was edged and caught cleanly. The square leg umpire did not call a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsmen asked the square leg umpire if it was a no ball, but the umpire stated that he was not able to see the ball. The batsmen continued to argue with the umpire until the match was eventually called off due to bad light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the third ball, and the wicket, count when the match is resumed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12039" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-01T19:03:05.017" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T19:03:05.017" Title="Does the last delivery still count when a match is resumed after an interruption?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14628" CreationDate="2016-08-29T05:07:12.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The third ball was completed, so it counts. There is nothing in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-3-the-umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 3&lt;/a&gt;, in particular Section 9, &quot;Suspension of play in dangerous or unreasonable conditions&quot; which even hints at the idea that a ball might not count if runs are scored or a wicket falls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, I'm concerned that you're letting your players run the game, rather than the umpires. There is absolutely no way that players should be arguing with umpires over whether a ball was a no ball or not - that is solely for the umpires to decide, and players should accept the decision. Doing anything else is dissent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T05:07:12.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14630" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-29T12:07:58.400" Score="0" ViewCount="547" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am familiar with the so called Gorilla grip in dodgeball, but find it hard to throw hard and accurately from there, as opposed to a palm grip. What is the correct technique I should be using?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-29T12:58:19.440" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T12:58:19.440" Title="How to throw with a &quot;gorilla grip&quot;" Tags="|technique|dodgeball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14622" CreationDate="2016-08-29T13:20:18.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7069/in-8-ball-do-i-win-if-i-shoot-in-the-8-ball-and-my-last-ball-in-the-same-shot&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; which references the World Pool-Billiard Association rule book &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, you may only call your shot on the 8 ball after you have cleared all the rest of your object balls from the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T13:20:18.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14632" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-08-29T16:05:27.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word decathlon is of Greek origin, from δέκα (déka, meaning &amp;quot;ten&amp;quot;) and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning &amp;quot;feat&amp;quot;). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/heptathlon&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;heptathlon&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;heptathlon&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T15:45:46.807" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T15:45:46.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14633" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-08-29T16:05:27.553" Score="0" Body="Questions about the decathlon, a combined event consisting of ten track and field events." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-08-29T16:05:27.553" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T16:05:27.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14549" CreationDate="2016-08-29T18:11:22.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to Ale's thorough answer: in the case of &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; disqualification in a major athletics event, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/olympic-games/the-xxxi-olympic-games-5771/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/final/result#resultheader&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the official results&lt;/a&gt; will usually cite a specific rule in the IAAF competition rules (which Ale linked). If you look up that rule you see what violation they're being disqualified for. In this case it wasn't immediately obvious which exchange was the problem from the results, but often the rule cited in the results gives you the clue you need to explain the disqualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T18:11:22.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14622" CreationDate="2016-08-29T20:37:29.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(This post may be a duplicate of another one, see my comment, but I will include my answer to that one since that question is old and has a low likelihood of an answer being accepted. Perhaps this post will help others if it gets an accepted answer.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One official source: WPA rulebook, located at this link:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3.8c says that the shooter loses if he pockets the eight ball in an uncalled pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Rule 3.6 says that every shot must be called (except for the break) AND says that &quot;The eight ball may be called only after the shot on which the shooter's group has been cleared from the table.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, you cannot possibly call the eight ball on a shot as you described. And since you did not call it, you lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Side note about a common misconception in pool - If you look at rule 3.6a, if you're shooting at the eight ball you only lose on a scratch if you also pocket the eight ball. In other words, if you scratch but the eight ball doesn't go in, the game continues.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T20:37:29.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5728" CreationDate="2016-08-30T15:18:24.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, your weight distribution is important, the heavier the side &quot;close&quot; to the wind is, the straighter you will go, but there is an other point : your path is different of your direction.&#xA;In fact it's about forces applied on your boat (same as flow).&#xA;It's a simple vector addiction :&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MDbst.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MDbst.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope it helps you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I don't often speak English, hope it's understandable)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12050" LastEditorUserId="12050" LastEditDate="2016-08-30T15:29:14.040" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T15:29:14.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10627" CreationDate="2016-08-31T01:17:00.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shooting is a repetition skill. You are efforting to replicate the mechanics of the shot over time - and here time equals number of attempts. The intention for shooting is ALWAYS to make the shot and this is where the concept of &quot;making every shot&quot; comes from. You are trying to pitch the perfect game in order to reinforce muscle memory - and of course there will be misses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try not to shoot for percentage. Shoot for makes and replicate your motion until it's unconsciously competent. Get in the gym and shoot to make 300 shots. Do this from various spots on the floor and at game speed. When that becomes &quot;easy&quot; go for 500. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12054" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T01:17:00.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-31T05:50:37.357" Score="6" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know when the NHL prohibited cross-checking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cross-checking occurs when a player checks an opponent by using the shaft of his or her stick with both hands [See Rule 59.1 of the NHL Rulebook 2015-6]. I saw that players were suspended in the 80s for that, but it might be an even older rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12056" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-10-23T13:16:49.207" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T07:48:16.943" Title="When did cross-checking become illegal in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|history|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14642" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-31T07:43:30.957" Score="3" ViewCount="1124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play squash and sweat a lot. I wear protective goggles. The fogging is very inconvenient, and impairs significantly my vision by the 3rd game usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any tip/recommendation to minimize fogging?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9700" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T08:05:51.027" Title="Prevent goggles from fogging" Tags="|equipment|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14642" CreationDate="2016-08-31T08:22:21.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some seem to use &lt;a href=&quot;http://swimming.about.com/od/swimgoggles/qt/Swimming-Goggle-Anti-Fog.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;their own saliva, baby shampoo, shaving cream, etc.&lt;/a&gt;, but when I run a long distance, I always spray &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-fog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;anti-fog agents&lt;/a&gt;. But how effective it would be will largely depend on how much you sweat and how you move. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think it would be more effective when playing squash than running because you have to bend over more often to hit the ball dropping more sweat to your glasses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, anti-fog agents work, but don't expect too much.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T08:49:06.263" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T08:49:06.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14624" CreationDate="2016-09-02T08:31:08.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of points in your question that I will address separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When advantage is played on a DOGSO situation, and a goal is scored, should the offender always be cautioned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I can gather, the first question is whether attempted but unsuccessful denial of a goal or denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity by committing an offence should &lt;strong&gt;always&lt;/strong&gt; result in a caution for unsporting behaviour, or whether the referee can choose to not caution the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 3, Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution / send off would have been issued had play been stopped, this caution / send off &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; be issued when the ball is next out of play, except when the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the player would have been sent-off for denying an obvious goalscoring opportunity or goal had play been stopped, the send-off is instead downgraded to a caution for unsporting behaviour. By the letter of the law, this caution is mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In previous editions of the Laws, this caution was discretionary (notice the wording change - &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p. 132 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.canadasoccer.com/files/Laws_of_the_Game_2015_16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee applies advantage during an obvious goalscoring opportunity and a goal is scored directly, despite the opponent’s handling the ball or fouling an opponent, the player cannot be sent off but he &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt; still be cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be interesting to see whether this was an intentional change or an oversight - there have already been a number of errors in this edition of the Laws, as it has been a significant revision and was undertaken in a very short period of time. Some have been amended in the FAQ (eg. see Q6 and Q7 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; - reading the Laws without the FAQ initially implied a direct free kick rather than an indirect free kick restart for dissent) and others have not (as shown in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14487/3526&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is where I am questioning the referee's decision. It should not matter if the attacking team ended up scoring anyway: a goal has still been prevented, because what was scored next was another, different goal. So I think the right decision should have been to let the goal stand, and send the defending player off instead of just cautioning him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second element, is whether the player should be sent-off, for example, if they handle the ball on the line, the ball bounces outwards and then another shot is taken - ie. the first goal is denied illegally, but the second one is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning to the quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 3, Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... except when the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe there has been editorial oversight here - how it should have read is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... except when the denial of &lt;strong&gt;a goal or&lt;/strong&gt; an obvious goal-scoring opportunity results in a goal the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the send-off is impossible if the goal is scored, is due to advantage clause in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5, Section 3 of the Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;allows play to continue when an infringement or offence occurs and the non-offending team will benefit from the advantage and penalises the infringement or offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or within a few seconds &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player commits an offence that denies a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity, there are only two possible outcomes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the denial results in a goal, meaning the anticipated advantage has ensued. The player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour, and a kick-off is taken by the conceding team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the denial does not result in a goal, meaning the anticipated advantage has not ensued. Therefore, the referee must award a free kick or penalty kick, and sends-off the player for denial of a goal or goalscoring opportunity (unless the offence occurred in the penalty area, is a genuine attempt for the ball and was not pushing or holding, in which case the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour - see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 3, Denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/a&gt; ).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sending-off punishment is mostly restorative in nature. If the denial results in a goal, even if it isn't the original attempt, there is no need to give the scoring team the advantage of an extra player. That is why the offence results in a caution rather than a send-off. The caution is given to deter the player from committing further tactical fouls in future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation you linked, it has been noted in other answers that the player actually handled the ball after it had crossed the line. The reason the player was cautioned was because the referee believed that the player deliberately handled the ball while it was in play, and had advantage not ensued (ie. by a goal being scored), he would have been sent-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, since the player could not possibly have been sent-off here, since the ball was out of play when the deliberate handling occurred, the referee would have been correct to not caution the player. A verbal warning would have still been appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T08:31:08.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4796" CreationDate="2016-09-02T22:06:27.050" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For floating on the water you make practice, (firstly practices to float on water with the movement of leg not using hand, later using hand and not leg)  and after practice stop both leg and hand movement so you can easily floated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12065" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-02T22:39:49.970" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T22:39:49.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11888" CreationDate="2016-09-03T05:13:05.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another note on lefties serving to righties: When the lefty serves on the ad side (to a righties backhand), the returner must move further out since it harder to reach with backhand than with forehand on a service return. The righty doesn't have the same advantage when serving to a lefty (on the deuce side), because they have less experience doing it. Also jamming a returner with a serve to their body will naturally cause the returner to return to a lefty servers forehand, due to defensive habit. These body serves are particularly effective for a lefty on the first serve. In my experience players rarely practice with handedness in preparation for USTA competition. Such practice would be a good idea, but would require more commitment than a few days before a match. Instead, righties should find lefty friends to compete with for season after season. A righty needs to learn how to return the lefty serve and how to serve to a lefty. Left handed players often struggle playing other left handed players because of lack of experience too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12067" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T05:13:05.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14655" CreationDate="2016-09-03T06:57:05.130" Score="2" ViewCount="14571" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to play a ball from a very lateral position to the near bottom corner so that the ball pass to the left to the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any differences on the fact that the ball pass at a height greater or less than that of the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2019-02-09T16:02:36.427" Title="It is allowed in tennis play a ball externally from the net?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14654" CreationDate="2016-09-03T10:28:11.940" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you are referencing what is typically called &amp;quot;hitting around the net post.&amp;quot;  This is a completely legal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; (albeit rare) shot in tennis.  There are no requirements on the height of the ball (except simply that it must land &amp;quot;in&amp;quot; on your opponent's side of the court without bouncing somewhere else first).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In singles, it is a very difficult shot to pull off for recreational tennis players, because most tennis courts are built with the net posts permanently in the doubles position (i.e. outside the alleys).  In professional tennis, however, some courts are built with the possibility of placing the net posts within the alleys (i.e. in the singles position).  This allows players to hit around the net more easily, and the results can be pretty spectacular (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Soi_oMI4Duc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; for a few examples).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;According to page 11 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/220771/220771.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a recent copy of the official rules of tennis&lt;/a&gt; provided by the International Tennis Federation, a ball is a &amp;quot;good return&amp;quot; if (among other things):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... c. The ball is returned outside the net posts, either above or below the level of the top of the net, even though it touches the net posts, provided that it hits the ground in the correct court; except as provided in Rules 2 and 24 (d); or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. The ball passes under the net cord between the singles stick and the adjacent net post without touching either net, net cord or net post and hits the ground&#xA;in the correct court; or ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) represents the typical scenario, which you have described in your question; I've included (d) because it is somewhat related and a very subtle point.  I have never seen (d) occur in a professional tennis match, because the net is typically very tightly tied to the net posts (so there is no space for the ball to pass in between).  At some tennis clubs though, the nets are not tightly tied to the net posts, so this can be a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of a club where the nets are not tightly tied to the net posts (where scenario (d) is possible) is Longwood Cricket Club, pictured below (here not much tension can be placed on the net posts, because the posts are planted in grass courts).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aHLbW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aHLbW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Longwood Cricket Club&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T13:05:46.963" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14660" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14661" CreationDate="2016-09-06T03:16:38.943" Score="8" ViewCount="10545" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern F1, race neutralization via Safety Car is done in two variations, the traditional SC Period, where the Safety Car actually goes out on track and collects the entire field to form a slow-running queue; and the new Virtual Safety Car where the drivers are simply required to run sector times that are over a specified Delta, effectively slowing them down as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the VSC is meant to neutralize the race, slowing down the pace without bunching up the field, but still maintaining the gaps between the cars on track. Something similar to how Full Course Yellow works in WEC, only with the delta time replacing the speed limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of on-track incidents that exceeds Yellow Flag conditions, how does the FIA decide which Safety Car procedure to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-09-06T05:25:37.383" LastActivityDate="2019-04-07T18:44:56.547" Title="Safety Car vs Virtual Safety Car" Tags="|rules|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14660" CreationDate="2016-09-06T09:14:52.647" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Safety_car_Virtual_Safety_Car_and_Suspending_and_resuming_a_race.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 Official Website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The VSC will primarily be used when &lt;strong&gt;double waved yellow flags&lt;/strong&gt; are&#xA;  needed on any section of the track, but the circumstances are not such&#xA;  to warrant the safety car itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;In the event of a more serious incident, particularly if competitors&#xA;    or officials are in immediate physical danger, which is not severe&#xA;    enough to warrant suspending the race but cannot be dealt with under&#xA;    the VSC, then the safety car will be called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;double waved yellow flags&lt;/strong&gt;: Great danger. Slow down considerably. Be prepared to suddenly change from the projected racing line, or take other evasive action including stopping if necessary. No overtaking. (This signal may be supplemented or replaced by flashing yellow light(s), as an added warning). &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flagmarshal.com/yellow/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;For more on flags.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastEditorUserId="9529" LastEditDate="2016-09-06T09:20:09.680" LastActivityDate="2016-09-06T09:20:09.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14666" CreationDate="2016-09-06T14:56:50.300" Score="3" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm parsing some baseball data, so I need to be able to appropriately award saves, blown saves, holds, etc. In doing so, I came across some examples that I'm unsure how to handle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example 1:&lt;/strong&gt; Suppose Adam is the starter and he leaves the game after 4 innings and his team is leading by a run. Billy comes in and pitches into the 8th, when he gives up the tying run. &lt;strong&gt;Is Billy charged with a blown save?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example 2:&lt;/strong&gt; Suppose pitcher Adam is the starter and he leaves the game after 4 innings and his team is leading by a run. Billy comes in and pitches a scoreless 5th and 6th. The score is unchanged when Charlie comes in in the 7th, and allows the tying run. &lt;strong&gt;Is Charlie charged with a blown save?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example 3:&lt;/strong&gt; Suppose pitcher Adam is the starter and he leaves the game after 4 innings and his team is leading by a run. Billy comes in and pitches a scoreless 5th. The score is unchanged when Charlie comes in in the 6th, and he pitches a scoreless 6th, 7th, and 8th. It is still a 1 run game when David comes in in the 9th, and records a scoreless 9th. &lt;strong&gt;Could the official scorer determine that Charlie deserves the win (hence David gets a save), while Billy gets a hold?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My intuition:&lt;/strong&gt; 1) No, because there is no other pitcher eligible to receive the win. Hence, it's not truly a save situation, and Billy can't be charged with a blown save. 2) Yes, because Billy could be assigned the win, thus Charlie would have entered in a save situation. Therefore, he would be charged with a blown save. 3) No, it doesn't make any sense for a pitcher to get a hold and the pitcher that relieves him gets a win when their team does not surrender their lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="12082" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T01:46:17.287" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T11:20:47.743" Title="Blown save when starter is ineligible for a win" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1557" CreationDate="2016-09-07T02:36:49.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this reply is a few years after your enquiry, but I think you're referring to the 'Angle Drive' handle, which was a concept by Len Richardson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The handle was set a few degrees (1-3?) further back 'behind' the face of the bat. The theory behind it (as I understand) was to ensure the hands were a bit further back behind the blade, compared to a bat with a traditional angle handle, and this meant there was less likelihood of hitting the ball in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From memory, Sommers had an Angle  Drive model many years ago, but I'm not sure how long it lasted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is definitely legal according to the Laws of Cricket, but as to why it didn't gain wide-spread acceptance, I guess Len could answer that for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12084" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T05:55:38.207" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T05:55:38.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14663" CreationDate="2016-09-07T05:29:26.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All rules related with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record_(pitching)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Win-loss record (pitching)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Save (baseball)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Hold (baseball)&lt;/a&gt; are well-explained in the links. Your questions seem to be focused on save situations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No. In order for a pitcher to be credited with a save or charged with a blown save, there should be a save situation (opportunity). Since there is none, Billy will not be charged with a blown save. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes or no.  If Charlie was the most effective relief pitcher &lt;strong&gt;in the official scorer's judgment&lt;/strong&gt;, he could be awarded a win. Also, you need to note that David can't get a hold because there was no save situation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A save is a statistic credited to a&#xA;  relief pitcher, as set forth in Rule 10.19 of the Official Rules of&#xA;  Major League Baseball. That rule states the official scorer shall&#xA;  credit a pitcher with a save when such pitcher meets all four of the&#xA;  following conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He is the finishing pitcher in a game won by his team; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He is not the winning pitcher; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He is credited with at least 1/3 of an inning pitched; and He satisfies one of the following conditions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) He enters the game with a lead of no more than three runs and pitches for at least one inning &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) He enters the game, regardless of the count, with the potential tying run either on base, at bat or on deck &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) He pitches for at least three innings. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a relief pitcher satisfies all of the criteria for a save, except he does not finish&#xA;  the game, he will often be credited with a hold (which is not an&#xA;  officially recognized statistic by Major League Baseball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T17:47:11.727" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T17:47:11.727" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14673" CreationDate="2016-09-07T21:11:00.233" Score="3" ViewCount="1412" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose that Paul the pitcher begins an inning by striking out Adam, and then he walks Billy. The next batter is Charlie, who hits a foul ball that the first baseman drops. Subsequently, he is charged with an error on the play. Charlie proceeds to hit a home run. Paul concludes the inning by striking out David and Ed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this inning get scored in terms of earned v. unearned runs? Clearly, Charlie's run is unearned because of the error. But what about Billy's run? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would assume that there are 3 options available for the official scorer: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Ignore the end result of Charlie's at bat (the homer, which implies&#xA;  Billy's run is unearned). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Assume that the next hitter (David) would have the same end result&#xA;  as Charlie (i.e., David would hit a homer, which implies Billy's run&#xA;  is earned). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) Which ever approach is more favourable for the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would the answer change if instead of David and Ed striking out, David hit a triple (which would have scored Billy had the foul ball been caught), and then Ed and Fred strikeout? My guess is that the scorer would take approach 1, assume Charlie was actually out, and proceed from there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-09-08T10:01:14.087" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T16:29:43.833" Title="Earned v. Unearned Run Following an Error (Dropped Foul Ball)" Tags="|rules|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14669" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14672" CreationDate="2016-09-08T02:42:41.840" Score="3" ViewCount="1114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the top 5 fastest recorded serves in tennis, it's noticeable that players who have hit these serves are relatively tall players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sam Groth&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;263.4km/h&lt;/em&gt;) is 6'3&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Albano Olivetti&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;257.5km/h&lt;/em&gt;) is 6'8&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;John Isner&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;253.7km/h&lt;/em&gt;) is 6'10&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ivo Karlovic&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;251km/h&lt;/em&gt;) is 6'11&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jerzy Janowicz&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;251km/h&lt;/em&gt;) is 6'8&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastest_recorded_tennis_serves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we extend the list to the top 10, the shortest player among them would be Roscoe Tanner, who stands 6'0&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any definite advantage that tall players have when it comes to serving the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-08T05:53:55.710" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T19:23:36.247" Title="Serving advantage of tall players" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14678" CreationDate="2016-09-08T03:53:33.550" Score="1" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;On September 6, 2016 Jose Reyes hit a home run and stole a base in the same game.  The next day (September 7, 2016) he repeated the feat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times has this been accomplished in the past, by what players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12088" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T13:02:29.427" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T13:02:29.427" Title="MLB: Home Run + Stolen Base in back to back games" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14676" CreationDate="2016-09-08T05:53:16.207" Score="6" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;By now it is quite common to find cases of athletes who participated in the Olympic Games and also the Paralympic Games, but it is more difficult to find athletes with great results in both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that an athlete has won a medal at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-09-08T08:39:16.593" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T08:55:17.010" Title="Athlete medal Olympics and Paralympics?" Tags="|trivia|history|olympics|paralympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14669" CreationDate="2016-09-08T05:58:42.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shortly: &lt;strong&gt;YES!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A taller athlete is able to perform a service more like a &quot;smash&quot; than a shorter athlete because of the higher point of impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above you can find a relation between player height and service speed coming from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wired.com/2011/03/does-the-fastest-tennis-serve-depend-on-height/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;interesting study&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XOmos.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XOmos.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;height-speed&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T05:00:20.407" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T05:00:20.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14668" CreationDate="2016-09-08T07:15:48.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both of the runs are unearned because Billy would not have scored if there had been no home run by Charlie. The clear method to draw the line is&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would have happened if an error had not been committed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if Charlie's foul ball had been caught, none of the runs would have been scored. That's why both of the runs are unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David had hit a triple, Billy's run would have been earned as there was no error committed for David and Billy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, you can read the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earned_run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on Earned run&lt;/a&gt;. There is a quite interesting example in the link as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batter or runner advances one or more bases on an error or passed&#xA;ball and scores on a play that would otherwise not have provided the&#xA;opportunity to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the last circumstance, for example, with two outs, a runner on&#xA;third base scores on a passed ball. For the time being, the run is&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;unearned&lt;/strong&gt; since the runner should still be at third. If the batter&#xA;strikes out to end the inning, it will &lt;strong&gt;stay that way&lt;/strong&gt;. If the batter&#xA;gets a base hit, which would have scored the runner anyway, the run&#xA;now becomes &lt;strong&gt;earned&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T16:29:43.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14671" CreationDate="2016-09-08T08:38:12.403" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yep! &lt;strong&gt;Just one, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Szekeres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pál Szekeres&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He has the distinction of being the first person to have won medals at both the Olympic and Paralympic Games&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Szekeres represented Hungary at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and won a bronze medal in the team foil event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1991, he was injured in a bus accident, and used a wheelchair. He then took to wheelchair fencing. Described as &amp;quot;the most successful Paralympic athlete in Hungary&amp;quot;, he won a gold medal in foil at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, two gold at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, a bronze in 2000, 2004, and 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info in: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_athletes_who_have_competed_in_the_Paralympics_and_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of athletes who have competed in the Paralympics and Olympics → Olympic and Paralympic medal winners&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is at present only one athlete who has won a medal at the Olympics prior to becoming disabled, and has then gone on to win medals at the Paralympics. Hungarian fencer Pál Szekeres won a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, then was disabled in a bus accident, and went on to win three gold medals and three bronze in wheelchair fencing at the Paralympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, Craig MacLean, a British track cyclist and Olympic silver medalist was the sighted pilot for Anthony Kappes as they won gold in the 2012 Paralympic Games. For the first time in those games, the sighted guides of blind athletes were also awarded medals, and MacLean, although not himself disabled, became only the second athlete to win medals in both the Olympic and Paralympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimmer Terence Parkin won a silver in the 200-meter breaststoke in Sydney in 2000, and two gold medals at the Deaflympics in 2005.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T08:55:17.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-08T09:44:51.433" Score="3" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any teams that have been eliminated in Champions League being undefeated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the latest round of the competition that such a team has ever reached? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6433" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T08:01:14.047" Title="Undefeated Champions League Eliminations" Tags="|football|trivia|champions-league|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14670" CreationDate="2016-09-08T13:51:20.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 1913, this has happened 132 times according to Baseball Reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 2006 to 2016, this has happened &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=2006&amp;amp;max_year_game=2016&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;17 times&lt;/a&gt;. The criteria I used was &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Longest Streak with HR&gt;=1, SB&gt;=1 From 2006 to 2016.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because I do not have a subscription to Baseball Reference, only 8 names came up on this list. This list is incomplete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 - Ichiro Suzuki&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 - Alfonso Soriano&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007 - Alex Rios&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007 - Rickie Weeks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 - Hanley Ramirez&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 - Milton Bradley&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2009 - Mark Reynolds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010 - Ryan Braun&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;more...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For previous years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#showform&amp;amp;gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=2000&amp;amp;max_year_game=2005&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;17 times between 2000-2005&lt;/a&gt;. (There was a player with back-to-back-to-back games with a home run and stolen base during this time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1993&amp;amp;max_year_game=1999&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;18 times between 1993-1999&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1987&amp;amp;max_year_game=1992&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;15 times between 1987-1992&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1980&amp;amp;max_year_game=1986&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;19 times between 1980-1986&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1970&amp;amp;max_year_game=1979&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;18 times between 1970-1979&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1950&amp;amp;max_year_game=1969&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;14 times between 1950-1969&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1930&amp;amp;max_year_game=1949&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Twice between 1930-1949&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/streak_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_batter&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1913&amp;amp;max_year_game=1929&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;bats=any&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;pos_1=1&amp;amp;pos_2=1&amp;amp;pos_3=1&amp;amp;pos_4=1&amp;amp;pos_5=1&amp;amp;pos_6=1&amp;amp;pos_7=1&amp;amp;pos_8=1&amp;amp;pos_9=1&amp;amp;pos_10=1&amp;amp;pos_11=1&amp;amp;pos_12=1&amp;amp;exactness=any&amp;amp;GS=anyGS&amp;amp;lineup_position=&amp;amp;c4criteria=HR&amp;amp;c4gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c4val=1&amp;amp;c5criteria=SB&amp;amp;c5gtlt=gt&amp;amp;c5val=1&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;c6gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c6val=0&amp;amp;playerapp=oneab&amp;amp;c1criteria=&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;12 times between 1913-1929&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T13:51:20.890" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14680" CreationDate="2016-09-08T14:03:59.913" Score="3" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seem to be a wide range of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/18934366&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;categories in the Paralympics&lt;/a&gt;, all with different tariffs for difficulty, but how are these actually balanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, one of the simplest groups is Kayaking, with only 3 categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KL1: Athletes in this sports class have no or very limited trunk and no leg function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KL2: Athletes in this sports class have partial trunk and leg function; they are able to sit upright in the kayak. Along with this, they will have limited leg movement during paddling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KL3: Athletes in this sports class have trunk and partial leg function and are usually able to use at least one prosthetic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does each get a points handicap in order that there is one gold? Or is there a gold per category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Athletics there are categories from 11 to 58 so this must lead to a lot of medals if there is a set per category.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A letter F is for field athletes, T represents those who compete on the track, and the number shown refers to their impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11-13: Track and field athletes who are visually impaired. Blind athletes compete in class 11, wear compulsory blindfolds and run with a guide runner. Athletes in class 12 are visually impaired but running with a guide is optional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20: Track and field athletes who are intellectually impaired. Athletes in this class have difficulty with reaction time and memory recognition during an event. There are three events for men and women in the Rio programme - 1,500m, long jump and shot put- these particular events have been medically proven to have an impact on performance for T/F20 competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;31-38: Track and field athletes with cerebral palsy or other neurological conditions that affect muscle co-ordination and control. Athletes in classes 31-34 compete in a seated position (using a racing or throwing chair), while athletes in classes 35-38 compete standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;40: Track and field athletes with short stature (also known medically as dwarfism).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;42-47: Track and field amputees. In classes 42-44 the legs are affected and in class 45-47 the arms are affected. Athletes in these classes compete standing and do not use a wheelchair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T51-54: Wheelchair track athletes. Athletes in class 51-52 are affected in both lower and upper limbs. T53 athletes have fully functioning arms but have no trunk function at all, while T54 athletes have partial trunk and leg functions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F51-58: Wheelchair field athletes. Athletes in F51-54 classes have limited shoulder, arm and hand functions and no trunk or leg function, while F54 athletes have normal function in their arms and hands. In the F55-58 classes the trunk and leg function increases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T16:37:25.610" Title="How are the disability definitions scored in the Paralympics" Tags="|scoring|awards|paralympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14679" CreationDate="2016-09-08T14:16:57.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/medal-count-sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is the list of medals that will be awarded during the paralympics games in Rio in 2016 by sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this list it is deduced that for some sports we have more disability categories grouped within the same competition (for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/cycling-road-standings-cr-mens-road-race-c1-2-3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cycling Road - Men's Road Race C1-2-3&lt;/a&gt;) for most instead athletes with different types of disability will have separate classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To confirm this I can link the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;medal table for Men's 1500 metres from London 2012 Summer Paralympics&lt;/a&gt; as commented above by Philip Kendall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-08T16:37:25.610" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T16:37:25.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14683" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-09T01:49:05.560" Score="8" ViewCount="11205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit confused about the rule for 12 men on the field in American Football when it's called on the defense. It seems like sometimes this penalty stops play and the offense does not get a chance to run a play. On the other hand, offenses often try to catch defenses with 12 players on the field in an attempt to get a free play out of it. So why is play sometimes stopped and other times not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-24T00:12:18.833" LastActivityDate="2019-11-24T00:12:18.833" Title="When does 12-men on the defense stop play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14683" CreationDate="2016-09-09T02:00:23.410" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is common with the defense, because as you state, the offense tries to catch the defense with 12 players &lt;strong&gt;on the field&lt;/strong&gt;. There are two different scenarios to consider with 12 players on the field (which is not always on the defense):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The play is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; allowed to take place when a team has more than 11 players &lt;strong&gt;in its formation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The play is allowed to take place (ie, the ball is in play) when a team has more than 11 players &lt;strong&gt;on the field of play or the end zone&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#section-1-players&quot;&gt;Rule 5, Section 1, Article 1&lt;/a&gt; of the 2016 NFL rulebook covers this (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game is played by two teams of 11 players each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When play is stopped: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If Team A has more than 11 players &lt;strong&gt;in its formation for more than&#xA;  three seconds&lt;/strong&gt;, or if Team B has more than 11 players &lt;strong&gt;in its formation&#xA;  and the snap is imminent&lt;/strong&gt;, it is a foul. ... In these instances, game&#xA;  officials shall blow their whistles immediately and &lt;strong&gt;not allow the snap&#xA;  or kick to occur&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When play is not stopped: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a team has more than 11 players &lt;strong&gt;on the field of play or the end&#xA;  zone when a snap, free kick, or fair-catch kick is made, the ball is&#xA;  in play&lt;/strong&gt;, and it is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T02:05:48.167" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T02:05:48.167" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14683" CreationDate="2016-09-09T13:02:57.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would have added this as a comment if I could have (not enough rep), but there is a key distinction between illegal substitution and illegal participation at the high school level (NFHS).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Illegal substitution occurs when that 12th man doesn't get off the field in time, but does not influence the play in any way.  Illegal substitution carries a 5 yard penalty. (NFHS 3-7-5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Illegal participation occurs when there are 12 in formation and they do all play defense, influencing the play.  This carries a 15 yard penalty. (NFHS 9-6-4a)  Here we kill the play if they are remaining in formation as it could become a safety issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T13:02:57.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14709" CreationDate="2016-09-09T15:08:16.207" Score="7" ViewCount="750" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m interested in the community’s thoughts on recent events.  Since it is about officiating and offside, I know there's much room for interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I viewed a match at the U14 level where team A left 2 players in an extreme offside position for almost the entirety of the first half.  Basically, the two remained at the corners of the 18 throughout without engaging play from teammates.  I can’t decide if this is unsportsmanlike to the extent it doesn’t appear to be in the spirit of the game or if it represents a clever interpretation of the rules.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be noted that team A was the far superior side on the day. The two players did not engage the ball in any attacking play where their own team controlled events and never accepted a played a ball from a team-mate.  They remained statues. A couple of offside calls went against them from careening balls through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s the kicker; it put the keeper off his game completely and he focused on these two intently. The coach was equally frustrated. A goal was indeed awarded when a defender forgot about the statues and offered an intentional pass back to his keeper and it was intercepted by the attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how would you interpret Law 11 in this instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1084" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-09-15T01:25:58.023" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T01:25:58.023" Title="Offside on purpose" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14688" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-09T23:58:33.193" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a game last night where a penalty was called on the defense for having too many men on the field before the ball was snapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was baffling to me. It's my understanding that it's not a penalty until the ball is snapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In what circumstances could a penalty be called on the defense for too many men on the field when the ball has yet to be snapped?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10404" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T00:37:40.893" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T00:37:40.893" Title="How can the defense be called for 12 men pre-snap?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-09-10T00:36:07.570" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14689" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14690" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" Score="0" Body="Questions about penalties. " OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T00:37:50.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14693" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-10T15:14:27.693" Score="1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Caffeine was earlier prohibited but now in the monitoring program. As of 2016, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://list.wada-ama.org/list/s6-stimulants/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; contains&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol and synephrine: These substances are included in the 2016 Monitoring Program, and are not considered Prohibited Substances.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to be under monitoring? Can I drink coffee before competitions under WADA's supervision or use synephere stimulants?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T15:14:27.693" Title="Substances in WADA's monitoring program high risk?" Tags="|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14693" CreationDate="2016-09-10T15:14:27.693" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;USADA does pretty good job in explaining &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usada.org/substances/prohibited-list/athlete-guide/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. There is always a risk that you need to manage and reduce the potential health problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usada.org/substances/supplement-411/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;High Risk List&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usada.org/substances/supplement-411/reduce-risk-testing-positive-experiencing-adverse-health-effects/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reduce risk&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://Supplement411.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Supplement411.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usada.org/substances/tue/determine/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;USADA&lt;/a&gt; contact&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usada.org/substances/tue/determine/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Determine If You Need a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="630" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T15:14:27.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14700" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-11T09:43:56.420" Score="-2" ViewCount="15152" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman tries to hit the ball on leg side and ball passes way away from the leg stump, no contact with ball and it passes by the stumps, after that the batsman touches the leg stumps by heels..&#xA;Will it be wide or batsman will be considered as out??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10528" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-11T16:18:35.987" LastActivityDate="2021-09-29T16:35:53.443" Title="Can a batsman be out hit wicket on a wide or a no ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-11T15:17:33.463" Score="3" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to appeal a tag-up play at a base after a pitching change?  If so, how does it affect the pitchers' statistics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a concrete example, suppose P1 is pitching, runner R3 at third, one out.  Batter B hits a fly ball which is caught by the left fielder (two out).  Runner R3 advances to home.  Now pitcher P1 is removed and replaced with P2.  After the pitching change, but before P2 pitches to the next batter, the defense realizes that R3 left third before the fly ball was caught.  P2 throws to third to appeal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will R3 be called out, or is it too late to appeal?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If R3 is out, who is credited with the corresponding 1/3 inning pitched?  P1 or P2?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suppose this is the last out of the game in a save situation.  Who gets the save?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume current MLB rules.  References to authoritative sources would be preferred if possible.  I couldn't find this situation addressed in the Official Rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T21:58:22.693" Title="Appeal play after a pitching change" Tags="|rules|baseball|statistics|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14704" CreationDate="2016-09-11T15:41:12.153" Score="8" ViewCount="1181" Body="&lt;p&gt;It occasionally happens that a pitcher will earn a save by throwing one pitch.  For example, he is brought in with two outs in the ninth and a two-run lead, and his first pitch is popped up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In principle, it should be possible for a pitcher to earn a save without throwing a pitch at all.  For instance, he could pick off a runner.  We could also imagine more exotic situations: a runner abandons the base paths, or the batter attempts to use an illegal bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instances in MLB would be most interesting, but other leagues would be interesting also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://techreport.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=43567&quot;&gt;this forum post&lt;/a&gt; someone suggested that Mitch Williams did this in 1989 or 1990.  It looks like they are thinking of September 11, 1989, where according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHN/CHN198909110.shtml&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt;, Williams did earn a one-out save by picking off a runner.  But unfortunately, it appears he threw one pitch to the batter first (a ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2023-08-14T08:06:38.967" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T08:06:38.967" Title="Has there ever been a zero-pitch save?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|statistics|mlb|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14700" CreationDate="2016-09-11T16:11:22.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman cannot be out hit wicket on a no ball; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.18&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except 34 (Hit the ball twice), 37 (Obstructing the field) or 38 (Run out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a batsman &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be out hit wicket from a wide; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.9&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Wide ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except &lt;strong&gt;35 (Hit wicket)&lt;/strong&gt;, 37 (Obstructing the field), 38 (Run out) or 39 (Stumped).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-29T16:35:53.443" LastActivityDate="2021-09-29T16:35:53.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14702" CreationDate="2016-09-11T22:22:45.637" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like this has happened once, but this is inconclusive&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?year=0&amp;amp;n1=&amp;amp;id=&amp;amp;type=p#gotresults&amp;amp;as=result_pitcher&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=basic&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1913&amp;amp;max_year_game=2016&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=any&amp;amp;game_length=any&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;throws=any&amp;amp;HV=any&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;Role=anyGS&amp;amp;DEC=S&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=SO&amp;amp;c1criteria=Pitches&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=0&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;location=pob&amp;amp;locationMatch=is&amp;amp;pob=&amp;amp;pod=&amp;amp;pcanada=&amp;amp;pusa=&amp;amp;firstgames=&amp;amp;startgames=&amp;amp;lastgames=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can find this by having a subscription to Baseball Reference and use the pitching game finder. The criteria I used was &quot;&lt;strong&gt;From 1913 to 2016, Recorded Save, (requiring Pitches=0)&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;  The pitching game finder can be accessed from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play index&lt;/a&gt; page on Baseball Reference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After narrowing down my search, this looks like it happened in 1989. After finding this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.azsnakepit.com/2011/8/19/2370518/the-five-oddest-saves-ever&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on odd saves&lt;/a&gt;, this happened on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHN/CHN198904280.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;April 28, 1989&lt;/a&gt;. Mitch Williams of the Chicago Cubs was awarded the save without making a single pitch. This is the only time in MLB history this took place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Save Without Throwing A Pitch: Mitch Williams, April 28th, 1989: Chicago Cubs vs. San Diego&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The 'Wild Thing' is the only man ever to record a save without&#xA;  throwing a pitch. He came in to the ninth inning with two outs and the&#xA;  Cubs 3-1 up, but the Padres were threatening, with men on first and&#xA;  second. Don't worry about them, Mitch - just get the man at the pla...&#xA;  Or pick-off a guy before sending anything at all to the plate. That&#xA;  works too. What must have been particularly galling for the Padres, is&#xA;  that the guy caught napping was the man on second, whose run meant&#xA;  absolutely nothing, and who should therefore have been nailed to the&#xA;  base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T04:07:03.567" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T04:07:03.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14701" CreationDate="2016-09-12T21:58:22.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not believe this is explicitly discussed anywhere.  However, I think the rules are sufficiently clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;MLB Rules, 5.09(c):&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any appeal under this rule must be made before the next pitch, or any&#xA;  play or attempted play. If the violation occurs during a play which&#xA;  ends a half-inning, the appeal must be made before the defensive team&#xA;  leaves the field&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would argue that suggests that the appeal play is permitted after the substitution assuming no pitch or play had occurred in the intervening time period.  (And I think warmup tosses are permitted.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do think this would be, at least, frowned upon by the umpires, though, as there's no reason to do this (I guess, the team might have been tipped off in the intervening time that the runner left early and they didn't realize it earlier as you say, but really they should just appeal if there's any possibility - no cost to an appeal, as opposed to a review).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T21:58:22.693" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14687" CreationDate="2016-09-13T05:25:23.867" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is nothing more than a poor tactic. Neither of these players can really do anything of significance until the ball has been deliberately played (other than a deliberate save) by an opponent or goes out of play. Until this happens, they're effectively leaving their team short by two players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, 121.2 Offside Offence:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent by:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;challenging an opponent for the ball or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;clearly attempting to play a ball which is close to him when this action impacts on an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponent&#xA;  been deliberately saved by any opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save by any opponent) is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 11 makes no distinction between intentionally and unintentionally placing oneself in an offside position:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-position&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, 11.1 Offside Position:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is not an offence to be in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the halfway line) and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is not in an offside position if level with the:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;second-last opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;last two opponents&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth mentioning that Law 12 mentions that a player may be cautioned for persistent infringement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, 12.3 Disciplinary Action:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game (no specific number or pattern of infringements constitutes “persistent”)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is a general understanding amongst referees (think of it as common law) that players should not be cautioned for persistent infringement when the infringement only harms their team eg. taking a free kick to oneself, incorrectly taking a throw-in, offside. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.refchat.co.uk/threads/persistent-infringement.5879/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This forum thread on RefChat highlights this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there any circumstances when you might caution a player for being persistently penalised for being in an offside position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No it's a technical offence, a bit like persistently taking a throw-in incorrectly, which you wouldn't caution for either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another way of thinking of it, is that he is only penalising his own team &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Actually I don't see how the striker is doing anything wrong beside being offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you consider that he's interfering while being offside, than give the offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If he does it again, do it again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If he does it again, do it again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who is he harming beside his own team in this scenario ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is contrast to offences which actively harm the opponents' ability to play should and hence should come under the guise of persistent infringement. Examples of this include repeatedly fouling opponents, encroaching at a penalty kick forcing a retake multiple times, consistently holding opponents at a corner kick before the ball is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-09-15T01:25:48.417" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T01:25:48.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5366" CreationDate="2016-09-13T21:41:27.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Few weeks ago I did some research for the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/14288/11439&quot;&gt;Why does not Vuelta have young rider jersey?&lt;/a&gt;. For that, I found an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ciclismoafondo.es/competicion/entrevistas/articulo/Entrevista-a-Javier-Guillen-director-de-la-Vuelta-a-Espana&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;interview with La Vuelta's general director Javier Guillén&lt;/a&gt; from back in 2014. It is a pity it is in Spanish, but to simplify things I translated into English the relevant parts of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a specific moment he stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We do have the same amount of maillots as the other ones; this is, four. We do not have young classification, and I am not saying we should not have it, but nowadays &lt;strong&gt;we have the combination with a sponsor which is very much identified with this ranking since it has been sponsoring La Vuelta for 19 years&lt;/strong&gt;. The combination is a distinguishing mark of La Vuelta, since it is the only race having it and we want to keep it like this. If we ever get the chance, we could include the young rider classification, but nowadays we think that the podium is full enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found you are absolutely right about this classification being quite secondary, since people winning it are normally those trying to win La Vuelta itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find a full statistic on the winners of the combined classification compared to the overall winner. However, the Catalan article of Wikipedia on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificaci%C3%B3_de_la_combinada_a_la_Volta_a_Espanya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Combination classification in the Vuelta a España&lt;/a&gt; contains a very representative column. There, you can see which others jerseys the winner won: from 2004, just in one case (Joaquim Rodríguez in 2015) the winner just won this one. And in total just in 7 cases out of almost 30.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T21:41:27.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14712" CreationDate="2016-09-15T09:08:55.670" Score="11" ViewCount="3488" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, a yellow card can be given to a player when he/she is losing time on purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, a team wining the match will make changes on the last minutes to lose some extra time: the player will make sure to be far away from the bench, so that the distance to cover will be quite big. Also, he will walk all the way, making the other team feel very nervous for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this, 30 seconds are summed to the extra time to be added to the end of the match. However, in many cases this change takes way more than this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering: would it be possible for a player that is being replaced already having a yellow card to get another one for being so slow during the replacement? Would the replacement then be cancelled? Has it ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T03:10:45.763" Title="Can a player get his second yellow card while being replaced? What happens then?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14711" CreationDate="2016-09-15T09:44:20.337" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/substitution-procedure&quot;&gt;Law 3: The Players: Substitution Procedure&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play;from that moment, the substitute becomes a player and the replaced player becomes a substituted player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player receives a second yellow card while he is leaving the field, he is still the &quot;active&quot; player and is sent off. Sent off players cannot be replaced, so the substitution cannot happen. A very similar situation happens in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MBcIJDa3ts&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; where the player leaving the field receives a second yellow card for removing his shirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-15T10:07:18.457" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T10:07:18.457" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14677" CreationDate="2016-09-15T12:01:57.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Chelsea_F.C._season#UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea&lt;/a&gt; were the last team to go out of the Champions League without losing a match. It was during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-15&lt;/a&gt; season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4YzXx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4YzXx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this was their group stage performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tzm5d.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tzm5d.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the above one, their Round of 16 performance. They were out due to away goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they exited Champions League without losing a match that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9529" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T12:01:57.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14462" CreationDate="2016-09-15T22:06:03.587" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be represented as the first shot the batsmen has played even though the throw has been missed and u get runs through it. This is because the first shot triggered the whole event this makes the wagon wheel to show that the runs have been scored by the batsmen with the first shot. This is my personal view &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1229" LastEditorUserId="1229" LastEditDate="2016-11-14T18:05:22.633" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T18:05:22.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14718" CreationDate="2016-09-16T16:28:45.367" Score="6" ViewCount="12021" Body="&lt;p&gt;When taking a penalty, some players pause during their run-up, before kicking the ball forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occasionally they halt long enough and the goalkeeper goes one way, then they shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal or should the player taking the kick be booked for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11902" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T07:55:36.977" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T07:55:36.977" Title="Penalty taker pauses during the run-up: legal or not?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14717" CreationDate="2016-09-16T22:59:00.393" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 14, part 2&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... play will be stopped and restarted with an indirect free kick, regardless of whether or not a goal is scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;feinting to kick the ball once the kicker has completed the run-up (feinting in the run-up is permitted); the referee cautions the kicker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, feinting during the run-up is permitted, but feinting once the player has completed the run-up is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the latter case, the kicker should be cautioned. From 1st June 2016, the defending team will receive an indirect free kick even if the ball enters the goal. Previously, if the ball entered the goal, a retake would occur after the caution was issued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/the-penalty-kick-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 14, FAQ&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Q2: Why is illegal feinting by the penalty kicker an IDFK even when the player scores?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who deliberately stops at the end of their run and then feints to gain an advantage is deliberately breaking the Law. This is an act of deliberate unsporting behaviour so, as well as the caution (YC), the player does not deserve to have a second chance to score. This stronger punishment should deter an offence which is sometimes difficult to detect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-17T11:21:39.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14677" CreationDate="2016-09-17T15:26:50.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions like this, it might be reasonable to create a CW answer where users of this site might add occurrences they are able to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are looking for teams which did not lose any game neither in group stage(s) nor in knockout phase, but were eliminated after two draws on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;away goals rule&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Round of 16&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008-09 season&lt;/a&gt; Atletico Madrid did lose neither in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt; nor in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_UEFA_Champions_League#Knockout_phase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;knockout phase&lt;/a&gt;. They were eliminated by Porto after two draws in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase#Round_of_16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Round of 16&lt;/a&gt;. (Atletico lost first leg in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_UEFA_Champions_League#Third_qualifying_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;third qualifying round&lt;/a&gt;. But qualifying rounds usually are not counted in many CL statistics, so we can probably discount them here, too.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-15 season&lt;/a&gt; Chelsea lost neither in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_G&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt; nor in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League#Knockout_phase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;knockout phase&lt;/a&gt;. Chelsea was eliminated by Paris Saint-Germain in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase#Round_of_16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;round of 16&lt;/a&gt;. This has already been mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/14677/undefeated-champions-league-eliminations/14713#14713&quot;&gt;in another answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-09-18T13:44:55.003" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-09-17T15:26:50.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14730" CreationDate="2016-09-17T23:26:41.737" Score="4" ViewCount="1655" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just wondering how swimmers know how many laps they have left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it like in athletics where they have an electronic screen, except underwater?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there any objective elements (inside or outside the pool) that help swimmers to calculate the number of tanks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12132" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-04T08:38:53.927" LastActivityDate="2016-10-04T08:38:53.927" Title="How do swimmers know how many laps they have left?" Tags="|trivia|swimming|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-09-20T19:40:16.777" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14724" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-18T16:46:15.923" Score="5" ViewCount="2170" Body="&lt;p&gt;When playing in official football games, can one play with bare feet, or with trainers, or do they have to wear specific football shoes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12134" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-09-19T07:46:45.543" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T07:46:45.543" Title="What footwear (if any) is required when playing in official football games?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14725" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-18T16:52:17.200" Score="1" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say, the two innings are completed with scores level. Normally, a super over would decide the winner but if there is, say, a rain interruption and the super over cannot be completed, how is the match awarded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3325" LastEditorUserId="3325" LastEditDate="2016-09-18T18:04:56.907" LastActivityDate="2016-09-28T11:03:26.610" Title="What happens if there is stoppage of play after a tied T20 International match and super over is not possible?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14724" CreationDate="2016-09-19T00:30:21.473" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Footwear is required in all official games of football. Trainers/runners are fine - specialised football shoes/boots are not required, although you may have trouble keeping your footing on natural turf fields in trainers/runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/compulsory-equipment&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 4 - The Players' Equipment, Section 2 - Compulsory Equipment&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a shirt with sleeves&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;shorts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;socks – tape or any material applied or worn externally must be the same colour as that part of the sock it is applied to or covers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;shinguards – these must be made of a suitable material to provide reasonable protection and covered by the socks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;footwear&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T00:30:21.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14722" CreationDate="2016-09-19T10:42:42.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For sprint races, as per @Nij's comment it is easy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, even in local leagues, most races are longer than 4 lengths (if we exclude children's races), so for longer races, there may be a bell or a visual indicator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where those are not available, the swimmer does simply have to count. It is always an even number, so that does help, and it is an area where the swimmer can be very focused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T10:42:42.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14976" CreationDate="2016-09-19T13:26:45.913" Score="2" ViewCount="1307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sailing an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_(dinghy)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Enterprise Dinghy&lt;/a&gt;, and recently upgraded to a cascading kicker (kicking strap, boom vang, ...). The previous kicker I had I could never operate during a race properly, but now I can, and my question is: &lt;strong&gt;what is the best way to learn how to use a kicker properly?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that in very light wind it should be tight to flatten the sail, making it easier for the weak wind stream to attach to the sail, off in medium wind which has more power to pull the rounder sail forward, and tight again in strong wind to depower the sail. But how do I go beyond that? How can I best learn to match a sail shape to the wind condition, and then achieve that shape with the kicker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12122" LastEditorUserId="12122" LastEditDate="2016-09-19T13:59:58.293" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T14:02:54.877" Title="Dinghy Racing: how do I use the kicker/vang properly?" Tags="|sailing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14722" CreationDate="2016-09-19T14:50:56.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most age-group competitions (e.g. masters, high school, etc) any short-course race longer than about 400m will have lap counters for each lane. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I say &quot;short course&quot; because of the number of lengths involved - for short course meters, SCM, the 400m is 16 lengths of a 25m pool, and for short course yards or SCY, which is widely contested in the USA, the 500y will be 20 lengths of a 25y pool. A big masters SCY meet will have the 500y, 1000y and 1650y events contested. Olympic events are LCM or Long Course Meters, so I'm not sure which events would get counted there; the 400m is only eight lengths or four laps.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kiefer.com/kiefer-swim-lap-counter-products-135.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lap counters&lt;/a&gt; (N.B. this links to a sporting-goods site selling them) are pretty low-tech: they're waterproof boards with a handle at the top and numbers that can be flipped to indicate the number of lengths completed. A counter is positioned at the opposite end of the swimmer's lane from the starting blocks and will dip the board in at the wall as the swimmer approaches to show them their progress. Then they yank the board out before the swimmer turns so the board isn't kicked during the turn. &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/JhpAU-gRmgQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here's a short video showing lap counters at an age group meet&lt;/a&gt;, probably counting a 1650y race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience this means the board (a) always shows an odd number, counting 1, 3, 5, etc., (b) usually is turned from one number to the next when the swimmer turns at the block end of the pool, so when two laps are completed the counter is turned to 3, etc., and (c) for the last length the counter will show two orange squares indicating the swimmer should finish after the next length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The counters handling the boards are usually volunteers, often teammates of the swimmers. I've counted for my brother dozens of times. When the counter is known to the swimmer there's a chance of communicating additional data, e.g. if the swimmer is ahead or behind their goal pace, by swinging the board from side to side or pumping it up and down. Sometimes the swimmer will ask not to be shown a count for every lap in order to keep their head clearer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally the officials at the block end of the pool will be monitoring the counters to ensure they're not asleep on the job, but miscounts sometimes happen as they do in track races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pro/international level races might have a more sophisticated system (and in LCM probably fewer races will have enough lengths to merit counters), but this is what I've seen in place for the majority of meets I've watched or competed in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T14:50:56.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14733" CreationDate="2016-09-20T09:58:26.123" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play basketball and my strongest move is right hand hook shot. I comfortably shoot over 50%. I hit even better if I shoot from left using the board. I can finish a post move this way, but also do a running hook shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some reason though, I can never force myself to do it again and again. Even after 3 successful shots in a row, I try to change my next offensive move. I interrupt the hook shot with a fake (defender does not go for it) and try to go under anyway. Or I turn into the hook shot but immediately turn the other way and try a fade-away shot. Or just shoot from the line. All these other moves give me worse shooting percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, that I worry too much, that the game will become boring for the others. Is it a valid concern? Or shall I just &quot;play to win&quot;?&#xA;Regarding tactics and development, is there any reason to abandon a move that works and force myself to try different moves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12144" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T14:14:52.750" Title="Shall I always stick to the same move if it works?" Tags="|basketball|tactics|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-09-23T17:45:51.593" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14732" CreationDate="2016-09-20T12:16:16.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you playing in a league where the goal is to win every game or pick-up games where you play for fun? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a league, if you have a shot that has 100% accuracy and your opponent has no way to prevent you from shooting, then you owe it to your team to abuse the setup. There's 4 things that can happen. Your opponents complain, the league bans the setup/shot, your opponents improve defensively or they mimic the setup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a pick-up game is where this may be opinion based. Is it a serious turf war scenario? Abuse it. Is it for fun? Why not practice other shots and try stupid shots in order to improve your other skill sets. If they stop playing with you, pick-up on the clue and change it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be opinion based, but unless it's a play-to-win scenario, try to make it fun for everyone. If you play for fun and have nothing to lose, try to do &quot;fun stuff&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T12:16:16.780" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14732" CreationDate="2016-09-20T14:14:52.750" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Something works&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're playing to win (see akadian's answer for the issues here), and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're not interested in moving up to a higher standard of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then by all means keep doing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; interested in moving up to a higher standard of play, you'll probably find players and/or teams who are adept at shutting down a one-dimensional player, either by putting a &quot;shut down&quot; defender on you, or by adjusting their team defense so that you're denied the ball in the first place. At that point, if you've got nothing else to fall back on then you're going to struggle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T14:14:52.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14736" CreationDate="2016-09-20T17:51:26.460" Score="6" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a &quot;strike-em-out-throw-2-out&quot; triple play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I started wondering that after watching this YouTube video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szhkOx2OE3w&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB | Strike 'em Out, Throw 'em Out&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7737" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-09-21T02:12:03.717" LastActivityDate="2022-05-01T03:52:27.710" Title="Has there ever been a &quot;strike-em-out-throw-2-out&quot; triple play?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14735" CreationDate="2016-09-20T18:02:34.170" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a &quot;strike-em-out-throw-2-out&quot; triple play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In collegiate baseball, Indiana University accomplished this on May 29, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/NCAACWS/status/604369337600745473&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tweet from NCAA college world series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/indiana-records-strike-em-out--throw-em-out--throw-em-out-again-triple-play-164503070.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in collegiate baseball, New Mexico Junior College accomplished this on March 10, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/atbat/cutfour/2015/03/10/112018320/video-new-mexico-junior-college-strike-em-out-throw-em-out-triple-play&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QGCpbUaEII&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-21T02:43:13.750" LastActivityDate="2016-09-21T02:43:13.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14735" CreationDate="2016-09-20T18:59:50.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there has.  This one involved a strike out, caught stealing at second, and caught stealing at home.  Effectively, strike out and 2-4-2 on the scoring.   I’m not sure of the level in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqde2sPMLNw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;following video&lt;/a&gt;.  It’s a bit grainy and looks to be either minor league or college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T18:59:50.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14738" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-20T22:29:16.233" Score="3" ViewCount="962" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I've been playing soccer for a while now and when I play with flat soccer cleats (the one you wear when you play indoor soccer on cement or wooden floor) on a soccer field with grass, I don't play the same as when I use the cleats that  are supposed to be used on soccer fields. I can't dribble the same way and shoot the same so, I want to know if the type of shoes you wear (cleats or football flat shoes for indoor football) have anything to do when playing a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10341" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-09-22T15:42:46.650" LastActivityDate="2016-09-22T15:42:46.650" Title="Do the type of cleats matter?" Tags="|football|equipment|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-09-23T23:50:21.463" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14738" CreationDate="2016-09-21T11:39:36.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four main types of shoes that footballers commonly use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soft ground shoes consist of a small number of long studs (usually 6 - 8 ) that penetrate wet or loose soil / mud to provide traction. These studs may be metal screw-ins. If used on firm ground, the studs won't dig in and the player is at risk of being unbalanced, leading to injuries such as sprained ankles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firm ground shoes consist of a larger number (usually 10 - 15) small, moulded studs that distribute weight evenly. These boots grip into the grass on the surface of the pitch, but do not penetrate into soil. If used on soft ground, there will be a lack of traction, as the grass will come out of the ground and move under the shoe. If used on artificial turf or indoor, they will damage the surface, as well as provide a lack of grip due to reduced surface area.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Turf shoes have numerous slightly-raised rubber studs or lugs that grip onto astro turf. They will typically mark wooden floors, so should not be used indoors. If used on natural turf, the grass will move too much underneath them, which may cause a loss of traction.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indoor shoes are made of non-marking gum rubber and are designed to grip on wooden floors. They will slide around on artificial and natural turf surfaces too much to be of use in those environments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also worth mentioning are blades and artificial turf shoes. These are less common, but artificial turf shoes are being used more regularly as more artificial turf pitches are being constructed in areas where grass does not grow easily, readily or cheaply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've sourced the information from personal experience and from &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.kitbag.com/which-football-boot-is-right-for-you/&quot;&gt;Kitbag's blog&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prodirectsoccer.com/information/ground-types.aspx&quot;&gt;Pro-Direct Soccer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ebay.com.au/gds/What-Are-the-Different-Types-of-Soles-on-Football-Boots-/10000000177321722/g.html&quot;&gt;ebay's football boot buying guide&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-09-21T11:39:36.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14741" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-22T13:02:00.980" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major League Baseball could obviously never have a team go undefeated (actually, I found out it &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13954/what-team-has-shortest-longest-losing-streak-within-a-season-in-mlb-history/13955#13955&quot;&gt;did happen in 1869&lt;/a&gt;, so from now on let's just go with the live-ball era forward) because of the large amount of games played each season. The best in recent history were the '01 Mariners, who won close to 75% of their games. So on any given day the worst team can, and fairly often does, beat the best team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it seems like the closest a team could ever get to &quot;undefeated&quot; would be to win (or at least tie?) every series in the season. For example, taking 2 out of 3 games against the Red Sox, then 3 out of 4 against the Orioles, and so on. In this specific case total wins isn't relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example I just quickly went through the wins-losses for the 2015 Cardinals. They played in 51 different series. Of those they won 32, lost 15, and tied 4. Depending on how you look at it their percentage of series won would be .638, or their percentage of series not lost (wins + ties) would be .706. In either case that percentage is not &lt;em&gt;too different&lt;/em&gt; than the winning percentage of total games .617 (100 wins). So I'm not too surprised, because this is the type of data I would guess is pretty normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm curious to know is about anomalies such as a team winning ~60% of their games while managing to win 90%, or more, of the series played by remaining consistent. The thought of tie-breakers sparked this curiosity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm calling this &quot;series-wins&quot; for a lack of better term. Is there an actual statistic for this? Or better yet is there a resource that keeps track of this? I have tried searching, but can't seem to find anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11478" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2016-09-22T18:42:47.410" Title="Is there a stat or resource that tracks series-wins in MLB?" Tags="|statistics|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2016-09-24T07:19:44.213" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading the informative answers and comments here and watching various Youtube videos, I propose the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Swimming under water is faster for many swimmers but to make use of the full allowed 15 meters you must have a  very good tolerance for lactic acid/oxygen debt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lower body including feet is more important when doing dolphin kicks since the arms do not move in this stroke. A swimmer like Michael Phelps has size 14, supple feet. He also displays excellent technique and other positive factors that can make him use the underwater advantage longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who chooses to swim under water and for how far is based on tolerance to oxygen debt (also vital/total capacity for lungs), anatomical aspects, technique and probably more factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addition Sep 28, 2016:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Swimming under water may be faster for a large part of top swimmers, but the &quot;wear&quot; (like oxygen debt) is so strong that the rest of the race will suffer too much, if they swim too far under water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorUserId="7551" LastEditDate="2016-09-28T00:33:58.387" LastActivityDate="2016-09-28T00:33:58.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-24T15:00:14.433" Score="5" ViewCount="1069" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the earliest existing film footage of a football match, shot for the entire duration of the game, not just fragments and highlights ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12154" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-09-24T20:20:26.650" LastActivityDate="2024-01-16T08:24:00.577" Title="Oldest footage of a complete football match" Tags="|football|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25377" CreationDate="2016-09-24T22:54:14.690" Score="4" ViewCount="3878" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Xabi Alonso is the only person to have both a Champions League medal and an All-Ireland medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told this wonderful bit of trivia, and would like to confirm it before using it in a quiz I’m writing, but am having difficulty doing so. He certainly has a Champions League medal, and he certainly did spend some time in Ireland in his youth (on a school exchange programme to improve his English), and did play some Gaelic football while here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some sources say he just joined some local lads for an occasional kickabout, while others say he was in Ireland long enough to actually join a team properly, and some say that the team won an All Ireland final (one said it was a school team; another said it was not affiliated with a school and was just the underage team from Kells, Co. Meath). Most of this is just speculation on various messageboards. Is there any actual record of this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I suppose a supplemental question would be whether anyone &lt;em&gt;else&lt;/em&gt; has both medals, but we’ll save that for a separate question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="787" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-25T20:32:01.273" LastActivityDate="2020-11-30T22:46:18.157" Title="At what level did Xabi Alonso play Gaelic football?" Tags="|trivia|gaelic-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14745" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-09-25T08:33:57.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gaelic football, commonly referred to as football or Gaelic, is an Irish team sport. It is a form of football derived from traditional Irish ball games. It is played between two teams of 15 players on a rectangular grass pitch. The objective of the sport is to score by kicking or punching the ball into the other team's goals (3 points) or between two upright posts above the goals and over a crossbar 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) above the ground (1 point).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players advance the football, a spherical leather ball, up the field with a combination of carrying, bouncing, kicking, hand-passing, and soloing (dropping the ball and then toe-kicking the ball upward into the hands). In the game, two types of scores are possible: points and goals. A point is awarded for kicking or hand-passing the ball over the crossbar, signalled by the umpire raising a white flag. A goal is awarded for kicking the ball under the crossbar into the net, signalled by the umpire raising a green flag. Positions in Gaelic football are similar to that in other football codes, and comprise one goalkeeper, six backs, two midfielders, and six forwards, with a variable number of substitutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gaelic football is one of four sports (collectively referred to as the &amp;quot;Gaelic games&amp;quot;) controlled by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), the largest sporting organisation in Ireland. Along with hurling and camogie, Gaelic football is one of the few remaining strictly amateur sports in the world, with players, coaches, and managers prohibited from receiving any form of payment. Gaelic football is mainly played on the island of Ireland, although units of the Association exist in other areas such as Great Britain, North America and Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of attendance, and the final of the All-Ireland Senior Championship, held annually at Croke Park, Dublin, draws crowds of more than 80,000 people. Outside Ireland, football is mainly played among members of the Irish diaspora. Gaelic Park in New York City is the largest purpose-built Gaelic sports venue outside Ireland. Three major football competitions operate throughout the year: the National Football League and the All-Ireland Senior Championship operate on an inter-county basis, while the All-Ireland Club Championship is contested by individual clubs. The All-Ireland Senior Championship is considered the most prestigious event in Gaelic football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the auspices of the GAA, Gaelic football is a male-only sport; however, the related sport of ladies' Gaelic football is governed by the Ladies' Gaelic Football Association. Similarities between Gaelic football and Australian rules football have allowed the development of international rules football, a hybrid sport, and a series of Test matches has been held regularly since 1998.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do's&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The tag can be used on itself or in combination with other tags:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/equipment&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;equipment&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;equipment&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gaa.ie/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.gaa.ie/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T00:14:47.950" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T00:14:47.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14746" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-09-25T08:33:57.047" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of gaelic-football" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-25T08:33:57.047" LastActivityDate="2016-09-25T08:33:57.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12925" CreationDate="2016-09-25T15:28:39.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brady wears an extremely old-fashioned helmet, the VSR4 by Riddell, which debuted in 1993.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a great helmet to prevent concussion (only 1 star out of 5) but it's apparently comfortable for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though other players like Drew Brees, Adrian Peterson, Jared Allen &amp;amp; Jason Whitten use the VSR4, it's a helmet that is seen less and less due to said poor star ratings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12158" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-09-25T20:05:00.467" LastActivityDate="2016-09-25T20:05:00.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7154" CreationDate="2016-09-26T02:12:12.617" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;14.3 is the key,  and the answer isn't as crystal clear as the excepted answer states.   The actual answer really depends on what you mean by the phrase, &quot;the set goes too far.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though the set was &quot;too far&quot;, did you still have a player on your team that could have made a play on the ball prior to it going over the net? If so, it is a fault for the defensive player to reach over the net and interfere with your player's play on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12160" LastActivityDate="2016-09-26T02:12:12.617" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14743" CreationDate="2016-09-26T08:24:39.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding oldest footage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Blackburn and West Brom feature in oldest footage of a football match dating from 1898&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there's no mention whether Arthur Cheetham filmed the whole match or just parts of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2877268/Blackburn-West-Brom-feature-oldest-footage-football-match-dating-1898.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Daily Mail&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Live broadcasting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In October 1946, the first live televised football match was broadcast by the BBC from Underhill. Twenty minutes of the game against Wealdstone were televised in the first half and thirty five minutes of the second half before it became too dark.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnet_F.C.#The_Athenian_League_years_.281912.E2.80.931965.29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the World Cup 1954 the first international match was broadcasted (Austria - Scotland, with Austria winning 1:0).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The final match between Germany and Hungary was broadcasted as well (Germany winning 3:2), but not much of the footage is still in existence today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, it's really hard to find anything about when the first whole match has been recorded on tape. I also doubt that the footage still exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11621" LastActivityDate="2016-09-26T08:24:39.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14753" CreationDate="2016-09-26T09:38:37.430" Score="7" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;During volleyball matches you can often see a huge rotation of players. The player who enters take a paddle and gives it to the player who comes out. What is the significance of the paddle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-09-26T10:42:09.037" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T15:42:04.347" Title="What is the &quot;paddle&quot; for during a volleyball substitution?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14752" CreationDate="2016-09-26T10:05:46.430" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number on the paddle is the number of the player who is being substituted. This is important due to the volleyball rules on reverse substitutions: if in a set, player B replaces player A, then the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; substitution which can be made involving players A and B for the rest of the set is for player A to replace player B again. For example, you &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; do the following substitutions within one set:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player B replaces player A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player C replaces player B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered by rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB_Volleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot;&gt;15.6&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15.6 LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15.6.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player of the starting line-up may leave the game, but only once in &#xA;  a set, and re-enter, but only once in a set, and only to his/her previous &#xA;  position in the line-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15.6.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the  starting line-up, but only once per set, and he/she can only be &#xA;  substituted by the same starting player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-09-26T10:05:46.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14757" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diving is one of the most popular Olympic sports with spectators. Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness. Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do's&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The tag can be used on itself or in combination with other tags:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/equipment&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;equipment&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;equipment&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/olympics&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;olympics&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;olympics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fina.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fina.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14758" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of competitive diving" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T10:01:14.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14752" CreationDate="2016-09-27T10:29:58.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to @PhilipKendall's great answer, the paddle in volleyball basically has the same functions as the electronic substitution board used in football. But the main difference is the paddle is carried by a player to hand over to the substituted player while the board is used by the fourth official. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are used for the same purpose, i.e., to easily notify the substituted player, referees, and other officials that include those who monitor rule violations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason the paddle is used is to help keep track of the substitutions  more easily for everybody involved. As multiple substitutions are allowed in volleyball, unlike football, including that for a libero who can be substituted as many times as possible, monitoring the number of substitutes and who is substituted is extremely difficult not only for officials, but also for coaches and players. Also, there is one more exception that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB_Volleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an injured player (except the libero) could be substituted by another player beyond the limits of Rule 15.6&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the significance of the paddle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes lives of everybody involved in the game easier.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-09-27T15:42:04.347" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T15:42:04.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2016-09-27T17:26:27.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few factors to take into account here.  First of all, you'll note that this technique was never really used for freestyle events.  That means that the ability to swim via underwater streamlining and kicking is not faster than swimming crawl stroke at the surface.  For other events, it appears that the underwater streamline kick is faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicking underwater has advantages over surface swimming - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) surface turbulence.  Wakes and general turbulence are more at the surface, since that's where the dives and most disruptive stroke propulsion happens.  Staying deeper means you don't have to fight through that turbulence.  I regards to your question about starts and turns, in those situations you have a combination of (a) maximum propulsion from pushing off the blocks and acceleration due to gravity on the start and pushing off the wall on turns, and (b) maximum surface turbulence, so the streamlined kick to both get past the turbulence while avoiding it and maintaining as much of that maximum momentum makes this technique universally effective at starts and turns, for all strokes and athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Surface tension - water molecules, because of hydrogen bonding, want to stick together.  That's why water pools into droplets when you spill it.  When the water is able to flow smoothly, uninterrupted over the body, it creates the least resistance.  Stroking at the surface is constantly breaking that surface tension and is disrupting that flow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Maximum propulsion - while the water offers resistance, it's that resistance that propels the body forward when you push against it.  Kicking in the water, only, gives more propulsion than kicking, partially, against the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/the-physics-of-the-fastest-swim-strokes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The physics of the fastest swim strokes - Science Friday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2018-11-28T16:29:29.077" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T16:29:29.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14562" CreationDate="2016-09-27T17:32:56.293" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...replacing a back with a loose forward, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest thing I ever saw to this was Pierre Spies. He played schoolboy rugby on the wing and became a forward relatively late in his playing days. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This meant that he was a forward that had the speed of a wing, The bulls would often use him as a huge backline player in that famous team of 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That was the exception to the rule, though. For the most part, rugby's positions are highly specialised and when it comes to top tier rugby you need players that know the position well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do rugby teams ever use different formations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the backline yes, often. Coordinated backline moves are for me the best part of rugby. It is to me the tell-tale sign of a well-coached team. Deception in backline play is a hugely interesting part of rugby coaching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T17:32:56.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14725" CreationDate="2016-09-28T11:03:26.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of runs scored by boundaries comes into the effect.. The team which scored most runs from boundaries will win the match.&#xA;Even if both of them are same then runs from sixes are given preference.&#xA;If still they are equal... then i guess may be number of wickets are considered or both teams are declared winners&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2016-09-28T11:03:26.610" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14538" CreationDate="2016-09-28T15:40:13.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not in a global final before &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rio 2016&lt;/a&gt;, which is to say, probably no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blake's breakthrough came in 2011, so he wasn't a factor in 2009. There was no global championship with a 4x100m in 2010. Powell was injured in 2011 and didn't run the relay at that year's World Championships. Since then, either Blake or Powell has not been on the team for each global championships:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2011 Daegu World Championships: no Powell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2012 London Olympics: no Powell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics#Track&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013 Moscow World Championships: no Powell, no Blake&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_IAAF_World_Relays#Men&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 World Relays: no Bolt, no Powell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_IAAF_World_Relays#Men&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 World Relays: no Blake, no Powell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics#Track&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2015 Beijing World Championships: no Blake&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 2016 is the first time these two World Record holders and two World Champions (making in all, three) have been on the same 4x100m relay team. I suspect the last time we could describe a team that way (last two WR holders and last two World Champions) would have been a Carl Lewis/Leroy Burrell relay, and even then I'd have to check the history to see if it actually happened (or if Burrell ever won a WC).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-29T12:45:49.977" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T12:45:49.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14769" CreationDate="2016-09-29T01:29:03.823" Score="5" ViewCount="1057" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe this question is outdated for modern football so I can delete if needed but why is the fullback called a fullback when they aren't all the way back from the O-line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have a source on me but I remember reading a book on football like 25-30 yrs ago and it said something like on offense, the QB is 1/4 back from the line, the HB is 1/2 from the line, and the FB is all the way back from the line.  1/4 or 1/2 of what distance, I don't remember but that was the explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this time (early to mid 80s), there were great runners who were listed as FB (Roger Craig, John Riggins, Franco Harris).  Towards the late 80s-earlier 90s, the FB turned into a lead blocker for the HB and didn't carry the ball much (Mike Alstott, Daryl Johnston, Tom Rathman, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm just wondering why didn't they call lead blockers HBs at this point in time since they were between the RB/FB and the QB?  This might be a moot question now since everyone is taking the FB out for another WR or TE but still a interesting question to me after reflecting back on the evolution of American football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T02:04:25.010" Title="In American Football, why are fullbacks called such if they aren't all the way back from the OLine?" Tags="|american-football|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14767" CreationDate="2016-09-29T01:53:06.610" Score="1" ViewCount="5920" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have watched quite a bit of baseball, and have always wondered why almost every player immediately looks into the field after striking out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;making sure the pitcher isn't staring them down?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;trying to see their replay on the video board?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-12T09:46:43.123" LastActivityDate="2018-06-02T00:31:27.590" Title="Why do MLB players always look into the field after striking out?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2016-09-29T03:17:40.433" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have watched quite a bit of baseball, too. There are some theories that can't be supported by any survey or reference that I can find. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They want to avoid eye contact with their manager, hitting coach or other players because they don't want to feel more embarrassed than they're already feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They want to stare at a pitcher to deliver a message through eye contact, &quot;I will hit it next time&quot;. However, pitchers usually turn their back after striking a hitter out to avoid any unnecessary eye contact because it doesn't help him to focus on the next pitch and in the worst case scenario, it could cause some misunderstanding between them. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They try to remember how the ball moved from a little farther place as if they were in a deck. Players try to see how the ball moves at a deck and it helps them to hit it better. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I don't think it is related with their replay on the video board because I have seen them many times where they don't replay anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T10:05:58.610" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T10:05:58.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14387" CreationDate="2016-09-29T12:16:26.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The line is based on the world record's holder's lap split. The line goes at the average speed the world record swimmer would have had if swimming at a constant speed. It does not take in account the accelerations or decelerations of the swimmer (you would never see the yellow line go suddenly fast but always at the same pace).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12166" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T12:16:26.147" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14765" CreationDate="2016-09-29T15:44:21.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please refer to the answer I provided here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/175228/what-football-position-does-this-phrase-refer-to-he-plays-back-for-dartmouth/&quot;&gt;What American football position does this phrase refer to: “He plays back for Dartmouth”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term fullback came from the positional verticality in the most common formations of the early days of football - the single wing and T.   Your coach was right for the most part.  The quarterback didn't even receive the hike in a lot of early formations.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the quarterback went under center to receive the hike directly he kept the name because 1/16th-back didn't catch on (kidding, kind of).  More importantly, at the time the terminology was evolving, the quarterback... wasn't important.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was the guy who received the hike and handed the ball off.  Quarterback wasn't the hero position it is today and for a matter of fact the QB getting the ball at snap created the &quot;dead&quot; era of offenses.  Without the pass being a key factor the fact that the defense had a one man advantage lead to a lot of scoring problems.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why the fullback often got the ball during this era.  The wildcat offense we know today is really just a variation of formations and plays from the 30-40s.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fullback position evolved with the forward pass.  Once the QB started becoming a weapon there was more of a need to get players out of the backfield and less need to &quot;hide&quot; running strategies.   Just by aligning a player 2 yards in front of another player there is a whole other scheme you can use to attack defenses (Walsh being the epitome of execution in the West Coast offense).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the fullback terminology really is about why did the fullback position of the T and Wing formations move from the furthest back to the &quot;up&quot; back in I type formations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think you can get an exact answer for this as there were formation shifts in the 50-60s due to the forward pass evolving and the terminology was different in different parts of the country.  My guess on why the up-back became fullback is based off of the first iterations of &quot;I&quot; type schema.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you take the wing formation from the 30-40s and then look at the power-I formation that sprung - this is a formation with a tradition I plus another lead back staggered next to the up-back (FB) - you will see that essentially they just crammed the wing formation into the backfield.  Wing moves over into the staggered position, and half-back (this terminology wasn't used everywhere) and fullback moved into the other two positions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well in one iteration of the power-I the QB didn't receive the ball (he was taken out for a receiver or wing).  The first up-back received the ball (pistol is innovative right?).  Since the FB often received the ball on hike in the wing formations it was natural to put that same player there.  You cannot hike the ball to a &quot;fullback&quot; if he is directly behind another player right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing that supports the move of the fullback to the fullest back to the up-back is that in the wing formation the fullback was generally your star player.  When the power-I first evolved or like formations the &quot;non-staggerred up-back&quot; was generally used more than the back behind him.   It was a &quot;safer&quot; play to jam it up the middle for 3-4 yards than to let the defense have another second to react to the runningback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to where did fullback come from is really easy.  It was part of the wing and T formation terminology.  Now why did the term fullback evolve into a blocking back in the I formation?  Well I gave you a really educated guess in that this same &quot;star&quot; player would logically move to the up position in the power-I and the term stuck.  The fullback even in the power-I was a runner.  During the 70s-80s the fullback position evolved into a lead-blocker role because the players spread out to defend the pass - and had to put smaller linebackers on the field - and this allowed the offense extra time to develop longer running plays.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:11.777" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T02:04:25.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2225" CreationDate="2016-09-29T16:03:08.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer is only correct for the NFL and college.  Most high school rules and almost all pee-wee football rules allow for a second forward pass as long as the first pass is behind the line of scrimmage and the player receiving the pass stays behind the line of scrimmage until they (or another player the ball is handed to) make the second pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;lateral and reverse have nothing to do with each other.  Lateral is the act of throwing the ball behind you to another player.  Reverse is a play that moves one way and then changes directions after giving the ball to a player moving in the opposite direction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anyone can pass the ball forward as long as they abide by the basic passing rules.  Leagues may have special rules not allowing ineligible players throw the ball but that is not a fundamental rule of football.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-09-29T16:03:08.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14776" CreationDate="2016-09-29T20:52:00.483" Score="-1" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, why is a rebound simply not just called a bounce, ball bounce, or re-bounce? What exactly is a rebound? Also, why is a date with someone used to forget another date simply also called a rebound? What is the connection?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10428" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-30T05:07:25.803" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T05:07:25.803" Title="Basketball and rebound" Tags="|rules|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-10-03T11:55:47.093" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14773" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-30T02:03:05.943" Score="4" ViewCount="5804" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player does a jump serve can land on the baseline or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had a case tonight when a player do a jump serve and landed on the baseline I was told it was not a foot fault, is it correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12175" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-09-30T05:09:53.487" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T05:18:07.503" Title="Foot fault on a jump serve in volleyball" Tags="|rules|terminology|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14771" CreationDate="2016-09-30T03:01:38.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bounce refers to dribbling a basketball.  Re-bounce would mean to dribble again but it is not English so it would have no meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rebound is actually a word used when a ball or anything hits a hard object and deflects somewhere else.  This isn't just a basketball term.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The connection with the date, is using a sports analogy.  It is a rebound date because you missed on your other date/relationship but got another date quickly, just like if you missed your shot and got a rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T03:01:38.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14773" CreationDate="2016-09-30T05:18:07.503" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB_Volleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot;&gt;FIVB rules of the game&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;12.4.3 At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the&#xA;  server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor&#xA;  outside the service zone.&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside&#xA;  the court.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the case are your writing (landing on baseline &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the hit) &lt;strong&gt;it is not fault&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-09-30T05:18:07.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2525" CreationDate="2016-10-01T10:47:35.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may be easier to list only the offences that result in a penalty kick being awarded (ie. direct free kick offences), as there are a lot less of them. The vast majority of possible infringements result in an indirect free kick, in spite of direct free kick offences being far more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A number of the other answers have focused only on Law 12 offences, however, there are many others that result in an indirect free kick. This answer will endeavour to list them all in light of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/football-to-introduce-widerange-of-new-rules-ahead-of-euro-2016/news-story/8dfead5ba8da52dc776b54a4ecbd068e&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;recent changes to the Laws&lt;/a&gt;. Pertinent changes have been emphasised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player, temporarily off the field of play (ie. for treatment, correcting equipment) re-enters the field of play without permission. The indirect free kick is taken from the location of the ball when play was stopped &lt;em&gt;(Laws &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/player-outside-the-field-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;3.8&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/equipment-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;4.5&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;. If the player committed any other Law 12 offence (ie. a foul or misconduct), play is restarted with the appropriate restart for that offence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player commits an offside offence by interfering with play, interfering with an opponent or gaining an advantage from being in that position &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 11.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;The indirect free kick is taken from the location at which the player interfered or gained an advantage&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(up until recently it was taken from where they were located when the ball was last touched by a team-mate)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 11.4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player plays in a dangerous manner. The indirect free kick is taken from where the player played in a dangerous manner &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player impedes the progress of an opponent without making contact. The indirect free kick is taken from where the opponent was impeded &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands or kicks or attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing it. The indirect free kick is taken from where the attempted release occurred &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player commits misconduct (ie. a cautionable or sending-off offence) without the restart being listed elsewhere in the Laws. The indirect free kick is taken from where the player committed the misconduct &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a goalkeeper controls the ball with the hands for more than six seconds without releasing the ball. The indirect free kick is taken from where the goalkeeper was handling the ball when the six seconds expired &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands after releasing it and before it has touched another player, after it has been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a team-mate, or after receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate. The indirect free kick is taken from where the goalkeeper handles the ball &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player standing inside the field of play throws an object at any person outside the field of play, or a substitute or substituted player throws an object at an opponent standing inside the field of play &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 12.4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;. The indirect free kick is taken from where the ball was located when play was stopped &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 3.5&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player touches the ball a second time once it is in play, before it touches another player, after taking a free kick, penalty kick, throw-in, goal kick or corner kick. The indirect free kick is taken from where the ball was touched for the second time &lt;em&gt;(Laws &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/free-kicks/chapters/free-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;13.3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;14.2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-throw-in/chapters/the-throw-in-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;15.2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-goal-kick/chapters/the-goal-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;16.2&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-corner-kick/chapters/the-corner-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;17.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;. (If the second touch was a deliberate handling by a player other than the goalkeeper within their own penalty area, the deliberate handling offence takes precedence and the restart is a direct free kick or penalty kick accordingly.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after the referee has signalled for a penalty kick to be taken, but before it is taken, a player taking a penalty kick or a team-mate of the player taking a penalty kick commits any infringement listed in the Laws and the subsequent kick does not enter the goal. The indirect free kick is taken from where the infringement occurred &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 14.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;. (If both teams infringe the Laws between the signal and kick, the penalty kick is retaken instead).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;after the referee has signalled for a penalty kick to be taken, the penalty kick is kicked backwards by the kicker, the kicker feints once their run-up is completed, or a team-mate of the designated kicker takes the kick instead&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(up until recently, if the ball entered the goal, the penalty kick was taken again)&lt;/em&gt;. The indirect free kick is taken from the penalty mark (ie. where offence occurred) &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 14.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player unfairly distract or impedes an opponent taking a throw-in, or stands closer than 2m to an opponent taking a throw-in and the throw-in ends up being taken correctly. The indirect free kick is taken from where the player committing the offence was located &lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-throw-in/chapters/the-throw-in-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 15.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the location of the indirect free kick ends up being in the goal area, to be taken by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the attacking team, it is instead taken from the nearest point on the goal area line that runs parallel to the goal line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the defending team, it is taken from any point within the goal area.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/free-kicks/chapters/procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 13.2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-10-01T10:56:35.777" LastActivityDate="2016-10-01T10:56:35.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14793" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14795" CreationDate="2016-10-07T15:57:03.307" Score="2" ViewCount="7467" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say you have hit your ball into a good position a couple of yards away from the hole. Your playing partner takes their shot and their ball knocks yours into the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What would happen in this scenario?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-07T16:01:17.403" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T16:05:09.503" Title="Knocking golf ball into hole" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14793" CreationDate="2016-10-07T16:02:57.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/rules/rules-and-decisions.html#!rule-18,18-5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PGA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 18-5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ball at rest struck by another ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball in play and at rest is moved by another ball in motion after a stroke, the moved ball must be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T16:02:57.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14793" CreationDate="2016-10-07T16:05:09.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand well this is the case of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usga.org/RulesFAQ/rules_answer.asp?FAQidx=74&amp;amp;Rule=18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rule 18-5&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this rule &lt;strong&gt;the player must replace his ball back to its original position so on the green&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(See related FAQ under Rule 19) The other player must play his ball as it lies. There is no penalty to either player in either match play or stroke play. In stroke play only, if the player's ball lay on the putting green prior to the stroke, he would incur a penalty of two strokes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T16:05:09.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-07T19:50:35.200" Score="6" ViewCount="697" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;: I originally asked this question in 2016. This was &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the scandals of the Astros and Red Sox came to light, where the teams allegedly used devices such as cameras, smartwatches, and trash can lids. As well as coordinating efforts with non-players. My question never pertained to such methods of sign-stealing, as I believe it should be obvious why this is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The question was more about what made it unethical for a player to attempt to manually analyze and decipher an opposing team's signs, using nothing more than his IQ of the game, skill, and experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question pertains mostly to baseball, but I imagine it is just as relevant in other sports as well. Every so often I hear about a disgruntled team, accusing the other team of stealing signs. I don't get it. What actually makes it wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This just seems like any other aspect of the competition that is fair game. For example, if a pitcher inadvertently &quot;tips&quot; his pitches, and the other team is smart enough to pick up on it and use that knowledge to their advantage, then it is generally considered a flaw of the pitcher. It is now his responsibility to correct the problem, and improve his skills by becoming more deceptive and unpredictable. I wouldn't blame the opposing team for cheating; I would say they played smart baseball. I'm having a hard time understanding how &quot;decrypting&quot; signals is any different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the coach who creates the signals does so with the intention to obfuscate them as much as possible. Obviously this is to maximize competitive advantage. So does that not &lt;em&gt;imply competition&lt;/em&gt; even within this narrow aspect of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone help me out please. What makes stealing signs wrong that teams rightfully take exception and feel cheated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11478" LastEditorUserId="11478" LastEditDate="2020-01-08T17:29:36.283" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T17:29:36.283" Title="What makes Stealing Signs wrong?" Tags="|rules|baseball|strategy|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14797" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14807" CreationDate="2016-10-08T02:29:27.633" Score="6" ViewCount="847" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading on the internet that ping pong and table tennis are different things and one is considered a sport and the other is not. I honestly don't know if people are just making jokes or if the distinction is that serious. Could someone explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12212" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T12:28:09.850" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T08:04:08.947" Title="What is the difference between ping pong and table tennis?" Tags="|terminology|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14796" CreationDate="2016-10-08T04:40:29.100" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stealing signs is &quot;wrong&quot; because Baseball's history goes back to the 1800s, when it was more of a &quot;gentleman's game&quot; (as compared to, say, American Football) and things like stealing signs would have been seen as beneath the managers (and players).  The idea is that the purity of the batter versus pitcher matchup should not be tarnished (on either side - pitchers should not use spitballs or pine tar to alter the ball, batters should not rely on information given to them by others).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the modern day no-one would really complain about the simple versions of stealing signs - the runner at second base tipping the batter off.  They specifically use special signs to avoid that happening, and often switch them up mid-game or even mid-at bat.  What the complaints are typically, are that someone is either using technology (such as a hidden camera) or the old-school version of that, namely a person in the bleachers with a phone or similar.  That's considered cheating, since it involves people not in the game communicating information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something that's fairly well covered in the media.  MLB.com published an article on the subject, &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/10449618//&quot;&gt;Fair or Foul?  Sign-stealing is part of the game&lt;/a&gt; for example.  They begin:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nowhere in baseball's rulebook will you find anything prohibiting sign-stealing, although most casual observers figure the spirit of sportsmanship and the unwritten &quot;Code&quot; of the big leagues should say it's a big no-no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They go on to explain what would be considered a no-no in particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;A pair of binoculars staring down the gun barrel of the hitting area? You know what, I don't think any club in baseball ... would take too kindly to that,&quot; Rockies manager Jim Tracy said. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's pretty clear that it's not cheating, and it's not something that's unexpected in this day and age:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And if you ask the players, managers and coaches of today's game for their thoughts on the subject, most seem to agree on one thing: sign-stealing is not necessarily cheating, since it's not against the rules, but you better be aware of it and you better know when it's happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T04:40:29.100" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T02:54:54.253" Score="6" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation:&lt;/strong&gt; there is a runner on first base. The first-baseman is standing on the line to second base, about four feet from first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is hit toward first base and fair. As soon as the ball is hit the runner starts to second; the first baseman runs straight toward first base intending to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner and first baseman collide two feet away from first base. &lt;strong&gt;Is the runner put out, or has the baseman interfered with the runner?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12219" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T06:28:06.510" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T20:00:47.663" Title="Is this a runner put out or a baseman interfering?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14810" CreationDate="2016-10-09T18:58:58.447" Score="2" ViewCount="1815" Body="&lt;p&gt;So sometimes a team can run a play with an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football_positions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;unbalanced line&lt;/a&gt;. I was wondering &quot;how unbalanced&quot;. Can the center be all the way to one side? Can the center be several yards away from his teammates? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't care if it is advisable to do this or not. I'm strictly asking if it is allowed in NFL rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6355" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T23:26:24.873" Title="How far off-center can the center be?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14800" CreationDate="2016-10-09T20:15:04.510" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Rule 6.01 (a) of &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;the official rules&lt;/a&gt;, the runner would be out, assuming neither runner nor fielder was judged to have intentionally initiated contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T20:15:04.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14804" CreationDate="2016-10-10T06:19:26.370" Score="5" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are the Welsh players placed in this asymmetric position, during the team photo before their matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, against Georgia in 2016, where 3 players stand while 8 squat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3ISdh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3ISdh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;3 (standing) +8 (squatting) against Georgia october 9th 2016&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and against Austria in 2016:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rjMZ4.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rjMZ4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;4 + 7 against Austria october 6th 2016&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T23:07:27.413" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T23:09:00.497" Title="Why does the Welsh men's football team take strange poses in prematch photos?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14803" CreationDate="2016-10-10T07:41:46.623" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has been covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37602025&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBC Sport&lt;/a&gt;, with a working assumption that it is a in-joke by the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is noted in the article, there are team photos going back to 2002 which have a &quot;lopsided&quot; nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T23:09:00.497" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T23:09:00.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14801" CreationDate="2016-10-10T09:31:13.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything in the current rules that restrict the positions of the offensive line players with respect to the ball for the purposes of illegal formations.  In addition, there are no restrictions on the distance that line players can be from one another. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So although it would be tactically horrible, it appears to be legal for the rest of the line to play away from the &quot;center&quot; position.  If all the other linemen are on one side, the player would additionally have to report as an eligible receiver beforehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:31:13.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14797" CreationDate="2016-10-10T17:38:33.983" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference. Ping pong is simply another name for table tennis.  The two terms are used by the vast majority of people interchangably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, the name Ping Pong was a trademarked name owned by Jaques of London and by Parker Brothers in the U.S.  Table tennis was the generic name for the sport, and is the official name as recognized by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com/&quot;&gt;International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)&lt;/a&gt;, the governing body of the sport.  In practice, ping pong is now essentially a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_trademark&quot;&gt;genericized trademark&lt;/a&gt; (although a company named Escalade Sports still claims to own the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pingpong.com/&quot;&gt;Ping Pong trademark&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are table tennis enthusiasts that do not like the name &quot;ping pong&quot; because they think that name doesn't sound enough like a serious sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T17:49:43.270" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T17:49:43.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2016-10-10T20:50:01.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more good reason to keep your left arm straight on a golf shot: precision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a long-term batting average of .300 is pretty darn good. That's slightly less than one in three at-bats resulting in a batted ball good enough to get the player on base without some error by the defending team. Additionally, out of however many pitches a batter will see in a season (let's say they see an average of five per at-bat, an average of 4 at-bats in a game, times 162 regular-season games, so somewhere in the neighborhood of 3,200 pitches per season), the home-run record is 73 in a regular season, and that guy admitted to steroid use. So in a record-setting performance, a baseball player will hit about 2% of the pitches he sees over the wall, and will hit a home run in just over 1 out of every 10 at-bats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A golfer who hits the same percentage of &quot;good shots&quot; (up in the air and in the general direction the player intended), even using the higher one-in-ten statistic to make up for the fact that the ball isn't moving, or even the one-in-three statistic just to be exceedingly generous regarding the number of variables inherent in the batters job versus the golfer's, would be asked to leave the course after three holes, for tearing up the fairways and slowing other players. The best baseball players can do is simply nowhere near good enough in terms of ball striking precision to even show up at the golf course. The golfer, on every shot, is expected to hit a ball 1.625&quot; in diameter using a club with a sweet spot about as big as the ball itself, on the end of a shaft that can be up to 6 inches longer than a baseball bat. Not only do they have to do that, but every shot is expected to be accurate to the level of Babe Ruth's famous called shot (within a section of bleachers), otherwise it's seen as a miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the level of precision professional golfers require just to end up with a par score, much less to find the extra 10-15 shots over 4 rounds of golf needed to win a tournament. Their technique, therefore, requires precision over power. A straight left arm keeps the swing closer to a single plane, and more importantly, brings the clubhead right back to where it was at address, which is the biggest aid to precision that a golfer can give himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="528" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T20:50:01.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14801" CreationDate="2016-10-10T23:26:24.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no rules associated with players' distance from the center.  If there was a rule on it, it would be in the rule book.  There are just really three stipulations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 total players on the line of scrimmage in bounds within the back hip of the center&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the center must hike the ball between his legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball is set by the referee between the hashes based on the last play (so at most your furthest lineman can be is 2/3 of the field).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will say that at my high school in the mid 90s we only ran unbalanced and had a future NFL RB go for over 300 yards a game at over a 10 clip.  There is a huge tactical advantage if a defense doesn't rotate correctly or over rotates later in the game.  And just the fact that most defenses don't normally see this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact every once in a while we ran the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_gate_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;swinging gate&lt;/a&gt;.  This is a very very very effective play when practiced properly especially just using some basic spread principles (RPO).  If you have a dominant player at a skill position - WR, RB, or QB you can really isolate that player in a 1 on 1 match or make the team double that player at the beginning.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The swinging gate is so effective that most pee-wee to high school rules have stipulations to either outlaw it or make it less effective.  An example is some/most organizations at that level consider the center ineligible and these kinds of formations are why high school rules are so stringent on player numbers for pass catching eligibility.  The actual rules of football allow the center to be eligible if he is at the end of the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About 15 years ago I was coaching a 7th grade boys team.  They were not very good but had 3-4 good players.  We had the fastest kid play WR - the lone - player on one side of the center (because the league made me do that).  I had a good QB that could run and a bruiser at RB.  Then I put my fastest lineman at center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does a team do?  You have to have a man on my WR.  You also have to have a free safety playing the middle - or we just run a post.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But here is the kicker.  You have to have 3 players minimum - 2 lineman/1 LB or more likely a lineman/2 LBs play against my C/QB/RB.  They better be really really good players.  Because my center will block the closest LB, my QB will read the DL, chances are the DL is so slow he's not even a factor.  Then either I have a one on one for at least 5 yards or I could possibly have a 2-1 if QB beats DL.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So within 5 plays the other coach puts 2 DL (one split wide) and 2 LBs.  Remember there is a CB and FS there too.  So now we have 6 players shading my QB/RB/C/WR.  So then my QB just throws it to the other side and my team is playing 7 on 5.  And my QB can throw it to the other RB and that RB can pass it too.  Since most coaches know their 5 players are screwed they have them rush hard... Flip it to the end and a TD.  The play was banned after the first year we ran it.  Probably average 15 yards a play vs 2 on other plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T23:26:24.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14167" CreationDate="2016-10-11T02:11:36.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I'll go with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_flap_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Flip flap&lt;/a&gt; on this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was, however, a weird variation. The &lt;em&gt;flip&lt;/em&gt; part wasn't that explicit :) (Pogba played more with the intention). I'd say Mustafi naiveness helped a bit there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video of the play has been online for a while:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/FtuJJV7MyPg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/FtuJJV7MyPg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one with some crazy variations has been online for a longer time:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/2TSX9L4Ayl8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/2TSX9L4Ayl8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10672" LastEditorUserId="10672" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T02:35:45.250" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T02:35:45.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14744" CreationDate="2016-10-11T10:46:10.507" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Xabi Alonso hasn't got an all Ireland medal, rather he played during a summer camp whilst visiting Meath in Ireland when he was 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no Soccer players that have won the Champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cillian Sheridan played for Cavan's minor team and featured in the Champions League, however, has won neither.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10981" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T10:46:10.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14797" CreationDate="2016-10-11T14:04:59.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Up until recently, they did indeed refer to the same thing, and as noted by @BenMiller, some Table Tennis players regarded it as derogatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However recently, Ping Pong has been somewhat rebranded by the &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Championship_of_Ping_Pong&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;World Championship of Ping Pong tournament&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;In this tournament players play with identical bats which use sandpaper on both sides.  They lack the speed and spin of regular table tennis bats leading to longer and more exciting rallies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst not yet hugely popular at grass roots level, the format is gaining popularity, with more tournaments and players participating every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10574" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T14:04:59.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14834" CreationDate="2016-10-12T18:31:18.780" Score="2" ViewCount="456" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is really more of a mathematical question with a baseball application, but it seems more appropriate to ask it here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because slugging percentage is defined as total bases divided by at bats, it does not appear to be meaningful to describe it in the sense of a probability. In contrast, a batting average is easily described as a probability and the complementary probability is also meaningful. Suppose that we're given batters A and B with batting averages of 0.300 and 0.280, resp., the product of the averages (0.300*0.280 = 0.084) describes the probability that both batters get a hit, assuming that at bats are independent. Similarly, the product of the complements (0.700*0.720 = 0.504) describes the probability that both are out. Lastly, the probability that exactly one of the batters gets a hit is given by 0.300*0.720 + 0.700*0.280 = 0.412. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if I'm interested in slugging percentages, what would the interpretation be for a product of slugging percentages? Similarly, I assume that the complement of a slugging percentage would be 4-slg?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T22:07:29.757" Title="Interpretation for sequence of slugging percentages" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5203" CreationDate="2016-10-12T20:57:22.903" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all short tournaments like WC, Copa or Euro, Godenboot prize is handed to the player who scored most goals in that tournament regardless his form, performance or number of games played. Hence Goldenboot = topscorer no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since WC82, FIFA introduced another award - GoldenBall to pinpoint the best performer in the tourney and to differentiate with the existing Goldenboot (or just Topscorer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12234" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T20:57:22.903" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14815" CreationDate="2016-10-12T22:45:48.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The slugging &quot;percentage&quot; is &quot;the mean number of bases a batter obtains per at bat&quot;. As such, multiplying two slugging percentages together doesn't have an intuitive &quot;physical&quot; meaning - it's a quantity with a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_analysis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dimension&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;bases squared&quot;, which isn't something that really means anything; it's not like multiplying two batting averages which are just probabilities, and therefore their product is also a probability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T22:45:48.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14385" CreationDate="2016-10-13T15:17:09.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are all kind of different contracts you can get in the NHL.  Usually, a good player that statistically will make the team at the beginning of the season would sign a one-way contract for the respective NHL team.  If this player gets cut from the team or lower to the AHL, he has to go through 'waivers' before he can get assigned to the AHL.  If another team picks him, he will have his NHL contract moved to that team and he will now belong to that team.  If no team claims him off the waivers, he will be assigned to the AHL and given an AHL contract.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, players sign two-way contracts which means that if they do not make the NHL team, they will have a contract in the AHL already set and planned.  Most 4th line players or AHL players will have a two-way contract.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T15:17:09.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12631" CreationDate="2016-10-13T15:22:53.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL nowadays, there will be fans of the away team present in the arena.  Therefore it is possible that hats will be thrown onto the ice if someone from the away team scores a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hats are usually scraped away and donated to charity.  But this does not happen very often since hat tricks are not scored every day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T15:22:53.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-13T21:47:09.640" Score="5" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backyard_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;backyard cricket&lt;/a&gt;, an informal version of normal cricket, you can get &quot;six and out&quot;, which means that you score six runs but you're out, if you hit the ball outside of the playing area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do any informal versions of baseball have a similar rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastActivityDate="2016-11-13T00:21:23.180" Title="Does baseball have an equivalent of &quot;six and out&quot;?" Tags="|rules|cricket|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14822" CreationDate="2016-10-13T23:47:55.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never heard of this existing in any baseball league.  However, in some slow pitch softball leagues there are variations of two rules that relate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batter hits a home run that clears the fence, he/she is out.  A variation of this is that after &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; amount of homeruns are hit in a game/inning by a player/team, any further homeruns count as an out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is something called a &lt;em&gt;slaughter rule&lt;/em&gt;.  You can actually find this in some baseball little leagues.  A team may only score &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; amount of runs in an inning/game, or a team may only be leading the other team by &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; amount of runs at the end of an inning; and if that total is passed, the inning/game is over.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T23:47:55.307" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="102" CreationDate="2016-10-14T02:57:34.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eccentric leg exercises (focusing on the absorbing/lowering component of motion) are a huge help. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.backcountry.com/explore/train-eccentric-leg-strength-for-alpine-skiing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.backcountry.com/explore/train-eccentric-leg-strength-for-alpine-skiing&lt;/a&gt; suggests a great pair of workouts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mini Leg Blaster&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10x Air Squats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5x In-Place Lunges (5x each leg, 10x total)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5x Jumping Lunges (5x each leg, 10x total)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5x Jump Squats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full Leg Blaster&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;20x Air Squats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10x In-Place Lunges (10x each leg, 20x total)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10x Jumping Lunges (10x each leg, 20x total)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10x Jump Squats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Work up to 5x Full Leg Blasters, with 30 seconds rest between each effort for your dry land ski training. Be careful. Leg Blasters train eccentric leg strength and can make you terribly sore, so don’t start at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Instead, perform Leg Blasters 3x/week, with at least a day’s rest between training sessions, for the 4 weeks before the season starts. This means 12 total training sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here’s the progression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sessions 1-2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10x Mini Leg Blasters, 30 seconds rest between efforts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sessions 3-4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2x Full Leg Blasters, then 6x Mini Leg Blasters, 30 seconds rest between efforts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sessions 5-7&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3x Full Leg Blasters, 4x Mini Leg Blasters, 30 seconds between efforts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sessions 8-10&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4x Full Leg Blasters, 2x Mini Leg Blasters, 30 seconds rest between efforts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sessions 11-12&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5x Full Leg Blasters, 30 seconds rest between efforts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a video in that article demonstrating a Full Leg Blaster set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12244" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T02:57:34.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14831" CreationDate="2016-10-14T03:14:15.447" Score="6" ViewCount="1355" Body="&lt;p&gt;In every hockey game in the NHL, immediately after the home team scores, a unique horn plays.  Where did this come from? Why a horn ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T02:25:57.277" Title="Where did the horn that's played after a goal by the home team come from?" Tags="|history|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10784" CreationDate="2016-10-14T09:17:33.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is absolutely nothing wrong with riding the best bike you have in your events.  In beginner classifications it is not unknown to see rigid mountain bikes fitted with road tyres and clip-on aerobars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure its not ideal, but if you're getting into a sport, there's no need to go silly buying gear.   On the other hand if you can find someone who did go a bit bonkers buying stuff and then left the sport, that's where you can gear up for cheap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the best feeling EVER is completing the cycling bit faster than someone on a better bike!  I've did a road race on my ~19 year old aluminium road bike, and while I was in the bottom 20% of finishers, I still managed to keep up with some better bikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just remember, if you finish dead-last, you're still doing better than everyone who didn't try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11921" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:17:33.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2016-10-14T09:37:56.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sounds like a classic case of slammed stem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Road bikes look more mean and aggressive in the shop when the handlebars are low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you try it out, sit on and grab the hoods and it feels &quot;okay&quot; but the drops are just too low for sustained power output, and even the hoods get sore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those of us who are not in our 20s, the back isn't as flexible as it was.  This is compounded by any back injury (like a bad lift or tailbone damage from a fall) at any time in your life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you post a photo of your handlebars and stem on &lt;a href=&quot;http://bicycles.Stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;http://bicycles.Stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt; we can help more directly.   This is more of a bike question, less of a sport question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11921" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:37:56.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14839" CreationDate="2016-10-14T09:37:58.247" Score="2" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a football field, there is a hole in the penalty mark. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we change the mark by moving the ball parallel with the goalline from the original mark?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12247" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-14T11:23:19.587" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T00:59:57.903" Title="Problem in the penalty mark on a football field" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14828" CreationDate="2016-10-14T10:13:09.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is &lt;strong&gt;NO&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be precise this particular case is not treated but the regulation is clear, and is it often possible to view the striker to arrange the mark area with the shoe to make it easier for the shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;FIFA rules of the game&lt;/a&gt; about position of the ball (law 14 at page 45) says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The ball:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;• must be placed on the penalty mark&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player taking the penalty kick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   must be properly identified&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defending goalkeeper:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• must remain on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players other than the kicker must be located:&#xA;•   inside the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   outside the penalty area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   behind the penalty mark&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;•   at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-14T10:20:16.833" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T10:20:16.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14825" CreationDate="2016-10-14T12:49:44.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This appears to be a trend started by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/los-angeles/dodger-report/post/_/id/21935/dodgers-take-a-new-path-to-the-nlcs-that-actually-had-a-familiar-feeling-about-it&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESPN video&lt;/a&gt;, the horn supposedly came from a boat owned by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Norris_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Norris&lt;/a&gt; family, who owned a portion of the Blackhawks and the Detroit Red Wings at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/hockey/history-behind-goal-horn-nhl-ubiquitous-scoring-sound-article-1.2613820&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, the horn supposedly came from the yacht of owner Bill Wirtz. Afterwards, the horn was taken from the boat/yacht and was installed in the Blackhawks stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where did this come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What both sources agree with is that the Chicago Blackhawks started the trend of the &quot;goal horn,&quot; specifically during the 1973 Stanley Cup Final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why a horn? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A horn was used because it came from a boat/yacht of the owner at the time, and said owner had said horn installed in the Blackhawks stadium. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T12:49:44.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14832" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14848" CreationDate="2016-10-14T14:16:46.640" Score="2" ViewCount="2135" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/gameday/dodgers-vs-nationals/2016/10/13/487616#game_tab=box,game=487616,game_state=final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Game 5 of the 2016 NLDS between the Dodgers and the Nationals&lt;/a&gt;, the Nationals on three occasions had a runner on third with one out (the third, fourth and seventh innings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do any of the generally accepted statistical models of baseball indicate that a squeeze bunt would have been a good play in any of these situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12249" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-15T21:59:53.000" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T04:36:18.650" Title="Is a squeeze bunt with a runner on third and one out a good play?" Tags="|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14815" CreationDate="2016-10-14T21:39:57.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;SLG is the expected value of total bases (&quot;TB&quot;) of an at-bat.  You would use it slightly differently from batting average, since it's measuring a different thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's see some examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Player A has a .300 BA, .450 SLG, 1.5 SLG/BA ratio&#xA;Player B has a .280 BA, .320 SLG, 1.1 SLG/BA ratio&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use batting average to measure, for example, the probability that one of two players gets a hit in their next at-bat.  That would be &lt;code&gt;1-((1-.3)*(1-.28)) = 1-(.7*.72) = (.496)&lt;/code&gt;.  So these two players, on average, will get one hit between the two of them about half the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot determine that with SLG, of course, as SLG does not measure proportion of at bats with hits.  SLG measures total bases, though, so you can use that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in this case, you would say that the expected value of Player A's total bases after one at-bat is 0.450 (his SLG).  So, in an average at-bat Player A records 0.45 bases.  Player B, similarly, records 0.32 bases in an average at-bat.  This all assumes that it is an offical at-bat, and not a walk or similar, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to combine the two, then, you would &lt;em&gt;add&lt;/em&gt; the terms together.  You would say, &quot;The expected value of total bases after both Player A and Player B bat is 0.32+0.45 = 0.77&quot;, meaning after the two of them bat, on average 0.77 bases are recorded.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could actually do this with batting averages, too, of course.  0.300 is also the expected value of the &quot;hit&quot; statistic after an at-bat.  So after the two players both bat, the expected value of &quot;hits&quot; for the team for those two at-bats is 0.3+0.28 = 0.58.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is fairly easy to see; you already calculated the joint probability of at least one hit (0.496), and the probability of both of them getting a hit is easy (0.3*0.28 = .084).  Sum those two together and you get 0.58 again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing you can do with regards to conditional probability is combine batting average and slugging percentage.  Batting average says &quot;This is the probability of a hit&quot;, and Slugging percentage says &quot;This is the expected number of bases from hits&quot;, right?  So E(TB|H) is reasonable to calculate, and is simple (and this should be obvious):  SLG/BA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 0.45 is SLG for player A, and 0.30 is BA for player A, so E(TB|H) = 1.5.   Player B has a 1.1 SLG/BA ratio, so E(TB|H)=1.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What this means, though, is that you can use &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; figure to discuss the expectations between the two.  If you want to know the expected number of bases given that one of them gets a hit, for example, you would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;E(TB|H) = Sum( (E(TB|H)*E(H) for each player) / (Joint probability of E(H))&#xA;        = (E1(TB|H)*E1(H) + E2(TB|H)*E2(H)) / (1-(1-E1(H))*(1-E2(H)))&#xA;        = (1.5*0.3 + 1.1*0.28)/(0.496)&#xA;        = 1.55&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, when at least one of them gets a hit, the expected value of total bases is 1.55 from the two of them.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SLG works well with other statistics, to some extent, this way; you can derive things like isolated power (ISO), which tells you what proportion of their slugging percentage comes from XBH explicitly.  You can't explicitly calculate the probability of an XBH from it, though, since the proportion of 2B|3B|HR can vary with identical SLG/AVGs.  (Take one HR and one Single, and make them 1 2B and 1 3B, for example; identical SLG and AVG for those two results.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2016-10-14T22:07:29.757" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T22:07:29.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14837" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-15T23:11:10.737" Score="3" ViewCount="943" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 15 years old and require a new mouthguard for the Hockey season, the only problem is I haven't been able to find anything to help with my problematic tooth (don't know the medical term).&#xA;Just wondering if any &quot;boil and bites&quot; would work on this or if I'm going to have to pay more for a custom fit mouthguard! (And yes, I have went through orthodontic work but it was too much hassle so I stopped it before completion) &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tLM3L.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tLM3L.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;As you can see it&amp;#39;s quite high up for a tooth and is not coming down!&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12261" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-16T00:52:10.837" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T04:51:54.523" Title="Mouthguards with bad teeth" Tags="|equipment|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14837" CreationDate="2016-10-16T00:37:08.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having dealt with similarly out-of-alignment teeth when fitting a mouthguard, an excellent 'hack' is using scissors to remove part of the &quot;wall&quot; from a boil-and-bite mouth guard where the tooth would block it, then fit as normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the tooth will continue to pose a risk of injury through piercing the gum or cheek, or having less protection for the tooth itself. Discuss with your dentist or orthodontist how this can be addressed. It's a hassle to have emergency treatment for gashes in the mouth or fractured teeth, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T00:37:08.333" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14828" CreationDate="2016-10-16T05:33:32.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 14.1, The Penalty Kick - Procedure:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball must be stationary on the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For free kicks, referees may allow players to move the ball out of a small hole, as there is always some uncertainty as to where the offence occurred and hence where the restart location should be. For penalty kicks, this is not possible, as it explicitly states in the Laws where the ball must be placed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it does not state that the centre of the ball has to be placed exactly over the centre of the mark. If part of the ball is overhanging the mark ,that should be sufficient for the referee (this is consistent with principle applied elsewhere in the Laws that the ball is considered on a line even if only part of the ball is on that line). This allows players plenty of latitude to avoid small holes in the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the hole is so large that a penalty kick cannot be legally taken with the ball out of the hole, it is clearly dangerous and has potential to cause injury to players who may trip over it or roll their ankle in it. The referee should suspend the match until the ground officials (which at a local level, could be the home team) have filled the hole with sand or dirt and have re-marked it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee does not explicitly have the power to suspend the match due to the field being in a state of disrepair, but it is implied in Laws 1 and 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/field-markings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 1.2, The Field of Play - Field Markings:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The field of play must be rectangular and marked with continuous lines which must not be dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-referee/chapters/liability-of-match-officials&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 5.6, The Referee - Liability of Match Officials:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... decisions may include a decision:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;that the condition of the field of play or its surrounds or that the weather conditions are such as to allow or not to allow a match to take place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if this is not a penalty kick during the match, but part of kicks from the penalty mark at the end of a drawn match in in order to determine a winner, the referee may simply move the penalty kicks to the other end of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 10.3, Determining the Outcome of a Match - Kicks From the Penalty Mark:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless there are other considerations (e.g. ground conditions, safety etc.), the referee tosses a coin to decide the goal at which the kicks will be taken which may only be changed for safety reasons or if the goal or playing surface becomes unusable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T00:59:57.903" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T00:59:57.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14841" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14864" CreationDate="2016-10-16T13:58:39.273" Score="2" ViewCount="644" Body="&lt;p&gt;After seeing &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqri1-ofMP4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; I wondered: how many times has a bowler scored fifty runs and also had a ten-wicket haul in the same test match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="10829" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T10:02:24.693" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T12:29:58.250" Title="How many times has a cricket player got ten wickets and a fifty in a test match?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-16T18:28:16.023" Score="4" ViewCount="4056" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rubber of my table tennis bat is starting to peel off one &quot;corner&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any household products I can use to stick it back that will not damage the rubber too much?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12265" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T19:05:52.133" LastActivityDate="2024-02-16T07:07:56.043" Title="Alternative to table tennis glue?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14832" CreationDate="2016-10-17T04:36:18.650" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/event_finder.cgi?type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;year=2016&amp;amp;year_to=2016&amp;amp;divisory=1&amp;amp;from=button&amp;amp;type=b&amp;amp;team_id=ANY&amp;amp;event=modSHatt&amp;amp;out_type=&amp;amp;criteria1=3occ---3occ---3rd_Occupied---rob&amp;amp;criteria2=outs---1---1_Outs---outs&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt;, in 2016 there were 127 plate appearances containing sacrifice Bunt Attempts  at-bats with 3rd base occupied and 1 out (precisely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of those 127, 61 RBIs were recorded on 56 successful SHs (not all of which recorded RBIs, 1st/3rd can still be a SH when 1st advances to 2nd).  3 times a runner reached on error.  20 hits were recorded, meaning the player was attempting a sacrifice bunt but reached base without an error or a fielders' choice.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11 strikeouts were recorded on sacrifice bunt attempts, 2 double plays, and a total of 51 non-sacrifice outs (meaning they did not rule it a successful sacrifice - so it was 71 &quot;at bats&quot;, 20 hits 51 outs, and 56 sacrifice hits which don't count against ABs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overall WPA (win probability added) was -1.5 for the season (meaning about -0.01 per attempt).  RE24 was a -15 (meaning the overall run expectancy for the season was that they scored 15 fewer runs than they would have otherwise).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This data isn't perfect, it's not really possible to get perfect with the free BR data, but what it tells me is that squeeze bunts are slightly negative but close to neutral - and in situations where you only need one run, they may be useful.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Limiting it to situations that are clearly squeeze attempts (3rd or 2nd/3rd only) and adding &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/event_finder.cgi?type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;year=2011&amp;amp;year_to=2016&amp;amp;divisory=1&amp;amp;from=button&amp;amp;type=b&amp;amp;team_id=ANY&amp;amp;event=modSHatt&amp;amp;out_type=&amp;amp;criteria1=3occ---3occ---3rd_Occupied---rob&amp;amp;criteria2=outs---1---1_Outs---outs&amp;amp;criteria3=runners_on_bases---011---With_runners_on_%4023---robcount&amp;amp;criteria4=runners_on_bases---001---With_runners_on_%40%403---robcount&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a few years' data&lt;/a&gt;, you have 198 attempts from 2011-2016 with 2nd and 3rd or 3rd occupied (not 1st) and 1 out exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;122 RBI were recorded, on 99 SHs and 27 hits.  22 times a FC/SH was recorded without recording an out (meaning they attempted to throw the runner out at home and failed), and 7 times the runner reached on error, meaning 22+7+27=56 times no outs were recorded and 198-56=142 times an out was recorded (and three of those 142 times, 2 outs were recorded).  Total RE24 for the period was -7 (again, meaning this was more or less even with not doing it, but very slightly negative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;122/198 is not bad, 61.6% success rate - far higher than most things in baseball really on the hitting side.  However, because the run expectancy with runner on 3rd, 1 out, is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballprospectus.com/sortable/index.php?cid=1918852&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.9223&lt;/a&gt;, and 1.32 with 2nd/3rd occupied, and then the run expectancy with 2 outs is very low (0.36 for 3rd, 0.57 for 2nd/3rd), you give up a lot (more than half) of run expectancy for a failure even if its just the runner is thrown out at first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation of this: if you need one run (either to tie or win) and is late in the game (9th, or maybe 8th), and have a competent bunter, it's probably worth doing it - the reason the RE for the play in general is so high is because you can score several runs, especially 2nd/3rd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the 2nd or 3rd or 4th, or even 7th?  You're preventing yourself from having a big inning by giving up the out, and you're only scoring a run about 2/3 to 3/4 of the time anyway.  It's less dumb than a regular sacrifice bunt with one out, which takes you from RE of 0.526 to RE of 0.317 even when it succeeds (comparing on [this page] the RE of 1-0-0 with 1 outs to 0-2-0 with 2 outs), but it still doesn't really look like a good idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Add to that the specifics of the players.  Jayson Werth was up for two of these opportunities, and while he's not the player he once was, he is probably more likely to have a SF than to Sac Bunt successfully.  Lobaton was up for the one in the 2nd inning, and while he does seem like a better choice for the squeeze bunt, he's also the 8th batter (meaning Scherzer was up after him), so the RE for the 39% of the time he fails to score an RBI is nearly 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T04:36:18.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10275" CreationDate="2016-10-17T06:48:21.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember in the late 80's that the Cardinals (visitors) needed to declare their starters before the Mets (home team).  The Cardinals needed to sweep the Mets and the Mets wanted to avoid Dwight Gooden being matched against John Tudor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12272" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T06:48:21.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14851" CreationDate="2016-10-17T11:10:44.153" Score="2" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find multiple sources having both dates for this match: either &lt;strong&gt;2004-06-30&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;2004-07-01&lt;/strong&gt;. Wikipedia is no help in multiple articles, as single matches aren't broken down to dates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I fear that from &lt;strong&gt;USA&lt;/strong&gt;'s perspective it was June 30th, while on location (&lt;strong&gt;London&lt;/strong&gt;) it was already July 1st. But since agencies and article writers are still not paying interest in stating timezones I'm lost on this. Inspecting pictures is no help either, as sometimes &quot;&lt;em&gt;date created&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;date modified&lt;/em&gt;&quot; due to improper metadata usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the match was paused by raining and continued the other day, but I haven't read that anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally I'd also like to know the on-location dates of Sharapova's other matches during Wimbledon 2004, but that's more a bonus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12274" LastEditorUserId="12274" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T11:19:06.697" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T11:23:28.077" Title="Wimbledon Tennis Championship 2004, women's single, semi-final (Sharapova vs. Davenport): July 1st or June 30th?" Tags="|tennis|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14850" CreationDate="2016-10-17T11:23:28.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ladies semi-finals at Wimbledon are, unless delayed, played on the second Thursday of the Championship so the match will have been on the 1st July. (The men's semi-finals follow on the Friday, followed by the ladies final on the Saturday). I don't think there are any situations in which the ladies semi-final would be pulled &lt;em&gt;forwards&lt;/em&gt; to the Wednesday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is supported by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/3854907.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBC News report of the match&lt;/a&gt; which is at 15:25 GMT on the 1st July.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T11:23:28.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14853" CreationDate="2016-10-17T11:52:26.810" Score="-2" ViewCount="1145" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a football team is one point behind with less than two minutes remaining, wouldn't the logical move be to run the ball back into their own end zone to score a 2-point safety? Even if you are in field goal range, the field goal is uncertain, but the 2-point safety is a sure thing and difference between 2 points and 3 points is meaningless in a one-point game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any team won by doing this? If so, how far did they run backwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T12:45:15.013" Title="Win football game by running backwards?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14852" CreationDate="2016-10-17T12:45:15.013" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your suggestion would be foolish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 11, Section 5, Article 1 in the 2016 NFL Rulebook defines a safety as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;if the offense commits a foul in its own end zone or; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;when an impetus by a team sends the ball behind its own goal line, and the ball is dead in the end zone in its possession&lt;/strong&gt; or the ball is out of bounds behind the goal line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take your example, let's say Team A does what you suggest. They run backwards for a safety, fulfilling the requirement of &quot;when an impetus by a team sends the ball behind its own goal line, and the ball is dead in the end zone in its possession.&quot; This gives &lt;em&gt;Team B&lt;/em&gt; 2 points. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 11, Section 5, Article 2 defines what takes place after a safety:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a safety, the team scored upon (Team A in your example) must put the ball in play by a&#xA;  free kick (punt, dropkick, or placekick) from its 20-yard line. An&#xA;  artificial or manufactured tee cannot be used. See 6-1-1-b and 6-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, Team A, now 3 points behind, is free kicking the ball to Team B. Team B gains possession the ball with under 2 minutes remaining. As they are up by 3, Team B can proceed to attempt to run the clock out and win the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T12:45:15.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14857" CreationDate="2016-10-17T13:45:41.020" Score="1" ViewCount="1976" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need some help to understand if there's a common rule or at least a set of rules that apply when a match is abandoned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as far as I know there could be two scenarios. One is the match is abandoned and then it gets rescheduled and played again from the beginning (minute 0) usually in a different day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other scenario is the match is abandoned but the play resumes. Although it may not resume exactly from where it stopped it's likely to resume from the second half (45) if it was abandoned before full time (usually they replay the very same day?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions are, do you know if these rules always apply, if yes to all the main competitions in the world? Also, are you aware of other scenarios/rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help would be much appreciated, thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; I think I found also another scenario when a match is abandoned but it doesn't get replayed and the outcome is decided by a board meeting. That's the case of Blackpool vs Huddersfield Town (on 2 May 2015).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the match, the Football League announced that there would be no replay of the fixture, and that it would hold a board meeting to decide the outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d486242d-f049-454e-9747-d9e3df3eaab1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d486242d-f049-454e-9747-d9e3df3eaab1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12276" LastEditorUserId="12276" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T14:28:23.367" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T15:22:32.287" Title="Football: abandoned matches" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14855" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-17T14:32:10.960" Score="5" ViewCount="17657" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst watching an NFL game last week*, I noticed that when the visiting team's offense is on 3rd or 4th down, the stadium's speakers play some sort of noise - I'm guessing as a way of distracting / &quot;putting off&quot; the other team. For example, in the Bengals @ Patriots game, they played what appears to be a fog horn every time the Bengals were on 3rd down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;3rd Down Noise&lt;/em&gt; idea doesn't seem to be unique to the Patriots as, IIRC from a game I watched before, the Denver Broncos have something like a horse neighing, or something to that effect.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the origin of these noises?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;* I am not a regular viewer of American Football&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-11-23T18:49:41.813" LastActivityDate="2022-01-08T22:36:29.610" Title="Origin of the 3rd Down &quot;noise&quot;" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14855" CreationDate="2016-10-17T15:07:44.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The theory is that crowd noise hurts the offense and helps the defense, which is most critical on 3rd down, where the offense is usually facing their last chance for a 1st down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offense has to coordinate several things in order to make a successful play.  The play caller (usually the head coach or offensive coordinator) needs to select a play from the sidelines and communicate that play to the quarterback, usually via a headset radio.  The quarterback then has to communicate that play to the rest of the offense, usually verbally in a huddle.  Next, the quarterback may need to change the play at the line, which he communicates by yelling an audible call to the team.  Finally, the quarterback's vocal cadence signals to the rest of the offense team when to start the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loud crowd noise can disrupt any of these communications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams like Seattle and Minnesota have a reputation for having very loud stadiums.  Seattle believes in the advantage that their crowd gives them so much that they refer to the fans as the &amp;quot;12th Man&amp;quot; and have retired jersey number 12 in honor of the fans.  Minnesota and other stadiums have been accused of pumping amplified crowd noise through stadium loudspeakers to gain an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1989, the NFL felt so strongly about the disadvantage that the visiting offense faced that they &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1989-03-22/sports/sp-219_1_winter-meetings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;instituted a penalty&lt;/a&gt; for excessive crowd noise, issued against the home defense.  The referees in enforcing the rule could take away timeouts and issue penalties, 5 yards at a time, until the crowd quieted down.  The new rule also banned stadiums from encouraging noise via announcements.  The &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-09-04/sports/8909044274_1_boomer-vu-meter-saints&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule was not very popular&lt;/a&gt;, and officials eventually stopped enforcing the rule.  The penalty was officially &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/kickoff/story/09000d5d801e3eb1/article/new-rules-for-2007&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dropped from the rulebook in 2007&lt;/a&gt;, and video scoreboard announcements encouraging noise &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/04/11/nfl-eases-up-on-restricting-crowd-noise/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;were allowed again in 2013&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sound effect played by the stadium before a third down is simply a cue to the crowd that the visiting team is in a third down situation and that they should be loud to help their team.  Different stadiums have different traditions for these sound effects: Denver has a bronco neighing, Minnesota has a Viking horn, Jacksonville has a jaguar roaring.  They usually play these after a good play by the home team, but they can also be used to alert the crowd to a third down situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2020-10-13T14:17:47.473" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T14:17:47.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14854" CreationDate="2016-10-17T15:22:32.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; are both very clear on this and pretty useless at the same time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as you've determined, &quot;competition rules or organisers&quot; usually &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; determine otherwise, so you're going to have to read the rules for the specific competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T15:22:32.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14950" CreationDate="2016-10-17T20:14:21.813" Score="4" ViewCount="1519" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also a well-known rule that if you have just received the ball, you can bounce it but if after you take it with both hands, you cannot bounce it again and you must either shot or pass it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the steals (a defender stealing the ball) occur when the defender tap the ball from the offender, usually causing the ball to bounce (at least once). When playing, I always thought that the stealing was the first bounce, and you cannot take it with both hands unless you intend to shot or pass it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in several videos of the NBA I have seen that the following: defender tap the ball causing a steal, then ball bounces, same defender takes it with both hands, and starts dribling all the way to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this normal/legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Just to give you an idea, I am leaving this links of plays from Russell Westbrook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this one, he does not take the ball again and just continue the dribling to score:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KZXIyrZ7r4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KZXIyrZ7r4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this other one, he takes the ball with both hands after the steal, to then bounce it all the way to score:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNw9gyVhFBg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNw9gyVhFBg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12279" LastEditorUserId="12279" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T14:20:19.273" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T22:14:41.470" Title="does steal count as first bounce?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14859" CreationDate="2016-10-18T07:18:28.183" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a legal steal because steals and turnovers do not count until the defender completely possesses the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is reference from wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steal_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Steal (basketball)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is reference from nba.com: &lt;a href=&quot;http://videorulebook.nba.com/rule/steal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NBA video rulebook &gt; Steal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Steal, credited to defender who takes the ball away from opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A steal is credited to a player that legally takes the ball away from&#xA;  an opponent, intercepts a pass, or otherwise obtains possession of the&#xA;  ball following an opponent’s turnover (provided the ball has remained&#xA;  in bounds and the clock has not stopped.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8985" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-19T17:33:33.873" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T17:33:33.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14841" CreationDate="2016-10-18T18:04:25.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least four other players have achieved and surpassed this, by scoring  100 runs and taking 10 wickets in a match. Of course to score 100 runs in a match, you need to score at least one half-century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alan Davidson for Australia (scores 44 and 80)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ian Botham for England (score 114, batted once)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imran Khan for Pakistan (score 117, batted once)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shakib al Hasan for Bangladesh (scores 137 and 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/287370.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/287370.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the number of players achieving the feat of scoring a half-century in one innings and taking 10 wickets in a match will probably be considerably larger than these four and Steyn (mentioned in question). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T20:06:05.953" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T20:06:05.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14841" CreationDate="2016-10-19T12:29:58.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 19 October 2016, there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;qualmin2=10;qualmin3=1;qualval2=wickets;qualval3=fifty_plus;template=results;type=allround;view=match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;25 instances of a player taking 10 wickets in a match and scoring fifty or more runs in an innings&lt;/a&gt;. Sir Richard Hadlee is currently the only player to have done so more than once: he achieved the feat in three Tests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T12:29:58.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14908" CreationDate="2016-10-19T20:38:57.653" Score="3" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is about the specific definition of the baseball statistic AVG w/ RISP. Suppose there is a runner on first with no outs. When the count is 2-2, the runner successfully steals second base and the pitch is called a ball. On the very next pitch, the batter strikes out. Does this count against the batter's average with runners in scoring position? The runner was only in scoring position for one pitch, but there were five pitches where the runner was not in scoring position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6211" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T18:42:46.907" Title="Does it count as an at bat with RISP if a runner steals second?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-20T07:02:34.630" Score="2" ViewCount="845" Body="&lt;p&gt;In top level swimming, most butterfly competitors demonstrate a straight-arm recovery above the water, but in front-crawl events it's more usual to see recovery with a high, bent elbow and low hand position. Why is one technique preferred for fly and another for front-crawl given that they could be the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7551" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T15:29:19.573" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T15:29:19.573" Title="Why is a straight-arm recovery in butterfly more efficient but in front-crawl it isn't?" Tags="|technique|swimming|freestyle|butterfly|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="12" ClosedDate="2016-10-23T02:46:11.547" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14868" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14888" CreationDate="2016-10-20T08:08:27.777" Score="4" ViewCount="654" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What was the fastest opening goal of a FIFA World Cup?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the fastest opening goal in a single match across tournaments, but fastest goal(the first goal of that particular World edition) of the tournament as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12289" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:50:05.250" LastActivityDate="2022-11-30T15:11:50.590" Title="Fastest opening goal of a FIFA World Cup" Tags="|football|trivia|history|records|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-20T09:40:27.120" Score="9" ViewCount="1294" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the first test of England's 2016 tour of Bangladesh, Moeen Ali was given not out in five LBW reviews (3 successfully overturned, 2 incorrect reviews by Bangladesh) in the first innings of the match.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone survived more player reviews (as opposed to umpire reviews), either the same type or different, in an innings during a test match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T12:57:30.697" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T16:16:30.017" Title="What is the greatest number of reviews resulting in a &quot;not out&quot; decision for one player in a Test Match innings?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14919" CreationDate="2016-10-20T13:02:59.127" Score="0" ViewCount="1654" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've finally taken the time to upgrade my golf clubs. I ordered a matching 9.5° &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B009DM03JE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RBZ driver&lt;/a&gt; with a 19° 3-hybrid with stiff shafts. I already have a 3-iron (and 4-PW) and three wedges (50°, 54°, and 58°), all with stiff shafts. I'm not sure what to do with the 3-hybrid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will be getting fitted. My thought is to replace my fairway woods (3 and 5-wood) with a &quot;driving hybrid&quot; (perhaps by decreasing the loft of the hybrid to distinguish itself from the 3-iron and/or consider suggestions by the fitter). I can count on one hand how often I used my 5-wood. I would use my 3-wood off-the-tee for precision, but I find gratification hitting the driver. I rarely used my 3-wood elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand this is a personal choice, but my question is along the lines of feasibility. &lt;strong&gt;Would a &quot;driving hybrid&quot; be an adequate replacement to a fairway wood?&lt;/strong&gt; What steps can I take to determine feasibility? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T13:06:23.427" Title="Would a &quot;driving hybrid&quot; be an adequate replacement to a fairway wood?" Tags="|equipment|golf|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14872" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-20T16:45:35.837" Score="0" ViewCount="1759" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: a ground ball is hit towards third base and bounces left towards foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the third baseman grabs the ball while he is standing in fair territory &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the ball gets to 3rd base &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the ball touches the ground in foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a fair ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12292" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T19:26:04.230" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T02:49:47.023" Title="Ball headed foul but stopped before it gets there - is it still fair?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14872" CreationDate="2016-10-20T17:00:24.493" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a fair ball, the ball never touches foul territory, so therefore it can't be a foul ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot;&gt;MLB Rules State:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A  FOUL  BALL  is  a  batted  ball  that  settles  on  foul  territory&#xA;  between home and first base, or between home and third base, or that&#xA;  bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that first falls on foul territory beyond first or third base, or that, while on or over foul territory, touches the person of an umpire or player, or any object foreign to the natural ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A foul fly shall be judged according to the relative position of the&#xA;  ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether the&#xA;  infielder is on foul or fair territory at the time he touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(Foul Ball) Comment:&#xA;    A batted ball not touched by a fielder, which hits the pitcher’s rubber and rebounds into foul territory, between home and first, or between home and third base is a foul ball. If a fly ball lands in the infield between home and first base, or home and third base, and then bounces to foul territory without touching a player or umpire and before passing first or third base, it is a foul ball; or if the ball settles on foul territory or is touched by a player on foul territory, it is a foul ball. If a fly ball lands on or beyond first or third base and then bounces to foul territory, it is a fair hit.  (Fair Ball (Comment))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T17:00:24.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14872" CreationDate="2016-10-21T06:21:06.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to @New-To-IT's great answer, you need to note that whether a ball is foul or not entirely depends on the position of a ball. For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a ball is completely out of the foul line, it is a foul ball whether it is caught or not. Before it crosses the line and is caught by an infielder, it is not a foul ball. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a ball crosses it and comes back inside the foul line into fair territory, it is not a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it doesn't matter where a player stands when catching a ball. The only thing that matters is where the ball is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10632" LastEditorDisplayName="user10632" LastEditDate="2016-10-21T06:30:02.227" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T06:30:02.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14859" CreationDate="2016-10-21T08:43:58.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first video I don't see any travel whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second video he gains control of the ball (also called &quot;gathering ball&quot; i think) then starts his dribble with two hands and continues on to dunk.  You can start your dribble with two hands (Google &quot;power dribble&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also not a double dribble if you block a shot, it bounces, then start your dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess I'm not clear on if you think it's a double dribble because he started his dribble after touching / holding the ball with both hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaHpZtEfqCg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaHpZtEfqCg&lt;/a&gt; (this whole series might clear some things up)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but yeah, Westbrook does travel a lot and seemingly gets away with it.. just not in these examples.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)#NBA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)#NBA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing must release the ball to start his dribble before his second step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also some more info here (travelling section):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_10.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12293" LastEditorUserId="12293" LastEditDate="2016-11-04T21:15:54.420" LastActivityDate="2016-11-04T21:15:54.420" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14882" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14884" CreationDate="2016-10-21T20:31:37.507" Score="1" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the time measurement in football(soccer) not handled exact like in basketball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12301" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T04:57:30.363" Title="Exact time measurement in football" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2016-10-22T04:57:30.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, there is a strong tradition that the referee is responsible and accountable for every single decision. This is due to the fact that historically (and even at the lowest levels of the game at present) there was only one neutral official present at a game. Tasking a single official with stopping and starting a clock every time the ball went out as well as supervising and indicating the restart of play would make officiating a very difficult task, hence why it is a discretionary process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, additional time was added in football only to combat deliberate time-wasting, and time lost due to injuries, substitutions and disciplinary action. It was never intended to be used to add on time simply due to the ball being out of play. Up until that point, a match was exactly two periods of 45 minutes, and this included when the ball was out of play. This is still the way it is today.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/allowance-for-time-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Law 7.3 - The Duration of the Match, Allowance for time lost&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Allowance is made by the referee in each half for all time lost in that half through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;assessment and/or removal of injured players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;disciplinary sanctions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stoppages for drinks or other medical reasons permitted by competition rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any other cause, including any significant delay to a restart (e.g. goal celebrations)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IFAB, the organisation responsible for changes to the Laws of the Game, up until recently, only met annually and required a 75% supermajority to change any Law&lt;/a&gt;. As a result, changes to the Laws have always been very minor. This is why, in spite of there being better timing technology available and more budget to train and pay a separate timekeeper at the highest levels of the game, this area of the game hasn't changed since &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;additional time was introduced decades ago in 1987&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;However, as of 2014, this has changed&lt;/a&gt;, with IFAB now having two panels that consistently are trialling and studying the impact of changes to the Laws through the year. The recommendations are presented to IFAB, leaving IFAB's members to more or less rubber stamp new changes. It is possible that the method of timing at the highest levels of the game may change in the near future, even though it seems unlikely that it will change at the amateur level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting in some amateur competitions, due to scheduling constraints, there is no allowance for added time at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T04:57:30.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14886" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-22T12:17:33.260" Score="1" ViewCount="3109" Body="&lt;p&gt;In high school football, can the center in football move the ball on the ground before snapping it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12305" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-23T02:42:29.367" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T20:06:14.223" Title="Can the center move the football before the snap?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-22T12:33:02.030" Score="3" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagarin_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gagarin Cup&lt;/a&gt; is the name for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KHL playoffs&lt;/a&gt;. (KHL is widely considered the second best ice hockey league in the world, after NHL.) In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Gagarin_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;last season&lt;/a&gt;, 20-years old &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Sorokin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ilya Sorokin&lt;/a&gt; and 19 years old &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Samsonov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ilya Samsonov&lt;/a&gt; played in the final. This is relatively young age for a goaltender. This made me wonder:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who was the youngest winner of Gagarin Cup?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who was the youngest goaltender, defenseman, forward to win this trophy?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This is probably clear from the context, but I mean age at the time of winning the cup.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-10-26T11:32:46.547" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T08:25:50.157" Title="Who was the youngest winner of Gagarin Cup?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14868" CreationDate="2016-10-22T20:02:27.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having looked through Wikipedia, I can find two goals which were scored in the 4th minute of one of a number of simultaneous opening matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1934, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup#First_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;all eight first round matches&lt;/a&gt; kicked off simultaneously. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Belis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ernesto Belis&lt;/a&gt; scored in the 4th minute of the Sweden vs Argentina match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1962, the first match in each of the four groups kicked off simultaneously. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Facundo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Héctor Facundo&lt;/a&gt; scored in the 4th minute of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Argentina vs Bulgaria match in Group 4&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the age of particularly the first of those goals, I suspect we'll never know which was scored earlier in the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T20:02:27.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14903" CreationDate="2016-10-22T20:58:29.400" Score="-1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the qualification criteria for the FIVB Club World Championship (both male and female)? For example, how was it decided which clubs competed in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://clubworldchampionships.2016.men.fivb.com/en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 male tournament played in Betim&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://clubworldchampionships.2016.women.fivb.com/en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2016 female tournament played in Manila&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-10-25T07:46:51.200" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T07:46:51.200" Title="What are the FIVB Club World Championship qualification criteria?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="290" CreationDate="2016-10-22T21:05:18.790" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;How important are skills when skiing? If you want to stick to the bunny slope, then a snow plow is enough. How about on the double diamond at Aspen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no substitute for a reliable roll if you want to advance as a kayaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12306" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T21:05:18.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14868" CreationDate="2016-10-23T02:34:27.443" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is an answer listing times of first goals in FIFA World Cups. It is community wiki, feel free to edit it - correct mistakes, add more sources, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enner_Valencia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt; 16'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2018: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Gazinsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gazinsky&lt;/a&gt; 12'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2014: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_(footballer,_born_1988)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcelo&lt;/a&gt; (own goal) 11'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2010: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphiwe_Tshabalala&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tshabalala&lt;/a&gt; 55'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2006: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lahm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lahm&lt;/a&gt; 6'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2002: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Bouba_Diop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diop&lt;/a&gt; 30' &lt;br&gt;&#xA;1998: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Sampaio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;César Sampaio&lt;/a&gt; 5' (or 4' according to some sources)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1994: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Klinsmann&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Klinsmann&lt;/a&gt; 61'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Omam-Biyik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Omam-Biyik&lt;/a&gt; 67'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1986: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Altobelli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Altobelli&lt;/a&gt; 43'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Vandenbergh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vandenbergh&lt;/a&gt; 62'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1978: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo_Rossi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rossi&lt;/a&gt; 29'&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1974: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Breitner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Breitner&lt;/a&gt; 18'&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1970: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinko_Dermendzhiev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dermendzhiev&lt;/a&gt; 13' &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1966: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé&lt;/a&gt; 15', &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigfried_Held&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Held&lt;/a&gt; 15' &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1962: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Facundo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Facundo&lt;/a&gt; 4'&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1958: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agne_Simonsson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Simonsson&lt;/a&gt; 17'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1954: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Milutinovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Milutinovic&lt;/a&gt; 15'&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1950: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ademir_Marques_de_Menezes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ademir&lt;/a&gt; 30'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1938: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Gauchel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gauchel&lt;/a&gt; 29'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1934: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Belis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Belis&lt;/a&gt; 4'&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1930: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Laurent&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laurent&lt;/a&gt; 19'&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;The first match of the tournament was a goalless draw, this goal is not from the opening match.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;The first two matches of the tournament were goalless draws.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Several matches started at the same time (so there was really no opening match of the tournament).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;general: Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of FIFA World Cup opening matches&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=OkSTxbAwc3YC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.sk/books?id=FdpMrBfmEJQC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.sk/books?id=4uJdBgAAQBAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2022 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;2018 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2014 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_group_stage#Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2014brazil/match-center/300186456&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-world-m1-bra-cro-owngoal-idUSKBN0EN2E520140613&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2010 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2010south-africa/match-center/300061454&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1497143.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2006 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2006germany/match-center/97410001&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/jun/17/worldcup2006.sport2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=63033/profile/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=FdpMrBfmEJQC&amp;amp;pg=PA506&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2002 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=43950100/match=43950001/index.html#nosticky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2656049/World-Cup-opening-matches-From-Brazils-win-against-Scotland-Siphiwe-Tshabalala-screamer-versus-Mexico.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1998 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1998france/match-center/4000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=1998/m=6/news=fastest-goal-award-cesar-sampaio-still-unbeaten-71690.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170123202519/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=1998/m=6/news=fastest-goal-award-cesar-sampaio-still-unbeaten-71690.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/a&gt; (this source says it was scored at 3:48), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/videos/y=2014/m=6/video=1998-fifa-world-cuptm-sampaio-s-goal-against-scotland-2363457.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20161101110706/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/videos/y=2014/m=6/video=1998-fifa-world-cuptm-sampaio-s-goal-against-scotland-2363457.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1994 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group C&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1994usa/match-center/3049&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup#Statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statistics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group B&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1990italy/match-center/26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.the42.ie/cult-world-cup-teams-cameroon-1990-2115922-Jun2014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1986 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1986mexico/match-center/459&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group 3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1982spain/match-center/749&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1978 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1978argentina/match-center/2347&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1974 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1974germany/match-center/2003&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1970 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup#Results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group 4&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1970mexico/match-center/1780&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1966 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1966england/match-center/1656&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1966england/match-center/1596&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1962 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/chile1962/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1958 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1958sweden/match-center/1415&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1954 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1954switzerland/match-center/1276&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1950 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1950brazil/match-center/1187&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1938 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup#Final_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final tournament&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1938france/match-center/1165&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1934 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup#Final_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final tournament&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1934italy/match-center/1102&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1930 Wikipedia - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1930 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group stage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/1930uruguay/match-center/1096&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2010/m=6/news=raiders-the-first-goal-1233723.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-11-30T15:11:50.590" LastActivityDate="2022-11-30T15:11:50.590" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-10-23T02:34:27.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14887" CreationDate="2016-10-23T11:28:12.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am posting a CW answer, feel free to edit it if there are younger Gagarin cup winners that I was able to find. (Or if you can find further references.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have searched among players listed as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eliteprospects.com/awards.php?award=KHL%20Gagarin%20Cup%20Champion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gagarin Cup Champions&lt;/a&gt; at Elite Prospects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Forwards:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill_Petrov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kirill Petrov&lt;/a&gt; won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Gagarin_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 Gagarin Cup&lt;/a&gt; at the age of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=years+between+april+13+1990+and+april+12+2009&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 years, 11 months, 30 days&lt;/a&gt; (one day before his 19th birthday).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defencemen:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Mironov_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrei Mironov&lt;/a&gt; won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Gagarin_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 Gagarin Cup&lt;/a&gt; at the age of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=years+between+july+29+1994+and+april+17+2013&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 years, 8 months, 19 days&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Goaltenders:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Samsonov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ilya Samsonov&lt;/a&gt; won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Gagarin_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Gagarin Cup&lt;/a&gt; at the age of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=years+between+ferbruary+22+1997+and+april+19+2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19 years, 1 months, 28 days&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-12-17T08:25:50.157" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T08:25:50.157" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-10-23T11:28:12.253" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="151" CreationDate="2016-10-23T22:39:56.963" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, if one goes uphill and downhill at &quot;constant velocity&quot;, the work done by the muscles is identical in both cases. You can verify this by stepping up a single stair &quot;very slowly&quot; with one leg, and then lowering yourself back down &quot;very slowly&quot;. You've expended the same amount of energy (work) going up as coming down. The difference in running downhill is that you are more in &quot;free fall&quot; between steps and your joints absorb more of the force in decelerating than your muscles, so less work is done by your muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12312" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T02:21:22.170" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T02:21:22.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14901" CreationDate="2016-10-23T23:03:31.470" Score="2" ViewCount="2258" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Cubs' victory over the Dodgers in game 6 of the 2016 NLCS the Dodgers sent only 27 batters to the plate (the minimum possible) yet were not the victims of a perfect game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often has this occurred throughout history, where a team sends only 27 batters to the plate but is not the victim of a perfect game or no-hitter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9835" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T05:03:53.217" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T13:25:25.707" Title="How rare is it for a team to face the minimum number of batters without a perfect game?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14900" CreationDate="2016-10-24T09:32:45.780" Score="1" ViewCount="734" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best position for hitting a smash, in terms of physical position, stance and hand placement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12314" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T10:43:50.247" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T05:03:44.193" Title="What is the best position to take for a smash?" Tags="|technique|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14899" CreationDate="2016-10-24T10:52:07.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with all shots, you want to be behind the shuttle and on time so that you can do the full movement for a very powerful smash and don't have to reduce any part of the shot. That does not mean that you take the shuttle late though - obviously, the closer to the net you hit the shuttle the smaller the reaction time of your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to unlock the full &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LRIv4tvCMI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;kinetic chain&lt;/a&gt;, you want to rotate your right (assuming right-handed, flip every side if left-handed) hip into the shot, you should start with your right foot behind your left one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of contact should be just in front of you and as high as possible without having to fully stretch your arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an ideal smash (e.g. the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C56kivaOV4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;world record&lt;/a&gt;), you also want to jump. The advantage of jumping is two-fold: First of all, the higher point of contact allows you steeper - and just more - angles, which are harder to defend. Secondly, by changing your center of gravity (a little bit like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtWbpyjJqrU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this cat&lt;/a&gt;), you can unlock additional momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get the most power, grab the racket at the bottom of the handle. Use the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintonbible.com/articles/grips-guide/grips/basic-grip&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;V grip&lt;/a&gt;, tightening the grip just before impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer only gives an overview about &lt;em&gt;positioning&lt;/em&gt;. The correct hitting technique is a precondition for a good shot. And naturally, (the right kind of) strength helps as well. That's why professional players can hit amazing shots in very bad positions, i.e. behind the body. Have a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://biomechanicsofbadminton.blogspot.de/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;various&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintonbible.com/articles/forehand-power/improving-technique&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;online&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://badminton-coach.co.uk/484/three-simple-tips-to-increase-the-power-of-your-badminton-smash/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;resources&lt;/a&gt; for more details. To get a feeling for the whole action and understand details better than text can allow, it may also be beneficial to closely study &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqg4iAzEDN8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;professional player's smashes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2016-10-26T05:03:44.193" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T05:03:44.193" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14897" CreationDate="2016-10-24T12:51:29.410" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How rare is it for a team to face the minimum number of batters without a perfect game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are just considering games in which a team faced &quot;the minimum number of batters (27),&quot; then not very rare at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are considering all games, then I'm sure it's rare to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How often has this occurred throughout history, where a team sends only 27 batters to the plate but is not the victim of a perfect game or no-hitter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multiple times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?class=team&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=team_batting&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=basic&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1913&amp;amp;max_year_game=2016&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=any&amp;amp;game_length=nineinn&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;HV=V&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=HR&amp;amp;c1criteria=PA&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=27&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;baseball reference search&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;criteria: plate appearances = 27; innings = 9; on the road&lt;/strong&gt; - since road teams are guaranteed to bat for 9 innings in 9 inning games) suggests that road teams on this list had 27 plate appearances (thus, 27 batters) in a 9-inning game. Of the 11 games I can see without a subscription, there was a hit in 6 games (taking a perfect game or no-hitter out of consideration in those 6 games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After sorting the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/game_finder.cgi?class=team&amp;amp;type=b#gotresults&amp;amp;as=team_batting&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;match=basic&amp;amp;suffix=&amp;amp;min_year_game=1913&amp;amp;max_year_game=2016&amp;amp;series=any&amp;amp;series_game=any&amp;amp;playoffs=&amp;amp;WL=any&amp;amp;game_length=nineinn&amp;amp;team_lg=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;opp_lg=&amp;amp;use_dh=&amp;amp;HV=V&amp;amp;game_site=&amp;amp;temperature_min=0&amp;amp;temperature_max=120&amp;amp;wind_speed_min=0&amp;amp;wind_speed_max=90&amp;amp;wind_direction_tolf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_tocf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_torf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromlf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromcf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_fromrf=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_ltor=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_rtol=1&amp;amp;wind_direction_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_unknown=1&amp;amp;precipitation_none=1&amp;amp;precipitation_drizzle=1&amp;amp;precipitation_showers=1&amp;amp;precipitation_rain=1&amp;amp;precipitation_snow=1&amp;amp;sky_unknown=1&amp;amp;sky_sunny=1&amp;amp;sky_cloudy=1&amp;amp;sky_overcast=1&amp;amp;sky_night=1&amp;amp;sky_dome=1&amp;amp;number_matched=1&amp;amp;orderby=H&amp;amp;c1criteria=PA&amp;amp;c1gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c1val=27&amp;amp;c2criteria=&amp;amp;c2gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c2val=0&amp;amp;c3criteria=&amp;amp;c3gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c3val=0&amp;amp;c4criteria=&amp;amp;c4gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c4val=0&amp;amp;c5criteria=&amp;amp;c5gtlt=eq&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;c6criteria=&amp;amp;firstteamgames=&amp;amp;startteamgames=&amp;amp;lastteamgames=&amp;amp;ajax=1&amp;amp;submitter=1&amp;amp;z=1&amp;amp;z=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;search&lt;/a&gt; by hits, at least 20 games had at least 2 hits under the same criteria above, the most recent taking place in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/PIT/PIT201304190.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T13:16:02.620" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T13:16:02.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14889" CreationDate="2016-10-25T07:44:50.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_Men&amp;#39;s_Club_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page for the Men's Club World Championship&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The current format of the tournament involves eight teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about one week; the winners of that year's AVC Club Volleyball Championship (Asia), African Clubs Championship (Africa), South American Volleyball Club Championship (South America) and CEV Champions League (Europe), along with the host city's team and a nominated team from North America. The amount of teams is increased through wild card invitees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The women's tournament is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T07:44:50.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14899" CreationDate="2016-10-25T10:37:41.713" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated by phihag its true that one should reclaim a position behind the shuttle , yet its absurd its not the point here to return a smash but to enhance the opponents smash and place it somewhere.Hence your question must have been like how to react when an opponent hits a smash?&#xA; For this you need a two  tier system &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is the stability of the person receiving the smash , you could have noticed that many top players would retrieve the smash from any where ,some would even be on the floor yet they would do so ( notice these in doubles ).&#xA;Hence develop a skill practice to put your body into stability , this could be achieved by hops,one  leg stand etc... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is that the person has to be good with the prediction of ones smash and the perfect gesture and reflex to face it , this requires sheer practice since the smashed shuttle might travel at any speed or direction it depends on the user how he faces them .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance certain players do take the smash recovery after cross a bound limit that's , one has to have a comfort and integration on what he is doing.&#xA;Hence practice is the only way keep in in mind these two pops in your mind , I would grantee you a perfect return. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10537" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-10-25T10:55:06.327" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T10:55:06.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14866" CreationDate="2016-10-26T18:42:46.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can answer this, but I don't know how to 'source' it.  All at-bat (or plate appearance) statistics only take effect when the plate appearance is over.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, AVG w/ RISP takes into account all at-bats that end with a runner in scoring position.  So yes, even though only one pitch had a runner in scoring position, that was the only pitch that mattered, as it was the last pitch in the at bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, stats such as a batting average on 2-0 counts are unaffected by plate appearances that don't end on the 3rd pitch.  And even an intentional walk only requires the last pitch to be an intentional ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10252" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T18:42:46.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14886" CreationDate="2016-10-26T20:00:42.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In high school football, can the center in football move the ball on the ground before snapping it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. Adjustment appears to be legal when the ball is lifted for lateral rotation*, but nothing else. Once this adjustment is completed, any further adjustment is illegal†.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Rule 7, Section 1, Article 2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sdcfoa.org/wp-content/uploads/NFHS_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2014 NFHS Rules (page 58)&lt;/a&gt; (the most recent I can find) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The snapper may lift the ball for lateral rotation but may not rotate end-for-end or change the location or fail to keep the long axis of the ball at right angles to the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;†Rule 7, Section 1, Article 3, d states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Following the ready-for-play and after touching the ball, the snapper shall not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Following adjustment, lift or &lt;strong&gt;move&lt;/strong&gt; the ball other than in a legal snap.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-26T20:06:14.223" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T20:06:14.223" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14913" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14926" CreationDate="2016-10-27T13:25:03.743" Score="6" ViewCount="665" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever I watch a basketball match I see how the audience tries hard to distract an opponent player who is going to attempt a free throw shot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thechive.com/2012/02/17/basketball-fans-have-made-an-artwork-of-distracting-the-players-34-photos/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pcUp9m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this can be decomposed in multiple statistics, but let's focus on the main one: is the free throw percentage of a player higher when playing in their stadium?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found some nice statistics, but could not find any splitting in home/away:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/g/gasolpa01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pau Gasol stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.com/stats/basketball-men/d1/current/team/150&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Free throw percentage on some leagues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2016-10-28T13:32:46.243" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T03:27:20.610" Title="Does the pressure of the crowd make a difference on free throw percentages?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14870" CreationDate="2016-10-27T17:01:21.650" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only way to know is to try it when you get fitted.  Since there's no technical category of &quot;driving hybrid&quot;, I presume you just mean a lower lofted hybrid, such as a 17-18 degree, which is generally considered a &quot;2-hybrid&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the 3-hybrid you purchased is intended to REPLACE the 3-iron.  The hybrid will be easier to hit, all other things considered, because the head on it is deeper.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is why don't you use your 5-wood?  Hybrids in many cases come full circle and are equivalent to many higher lofted fairway woods.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as shaft, there is no objective standard for what is &quot;regular&quot;, &quot;stiff&quot;, etc.  Making blanket statements that only pros should use stiff, and ams use regular is nonsense.  It also has more to do than with swing speed.    My driver SS is only 97-99 mph, but I'm fitted into a stiff because I have a fast transition and load the shaft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2016-10-27T17:01:21.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2016-10-28T08:31:39.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no play on a delay of game. But yes...it COULD be declined...and delay of game penalties are declined fairly often. The result is simply they play the down as if no flag was thrown. The times when delay of game penalties are declined is when a punting team purposely wants to move back 5 yards to give their kicker a little more room to try to pin their opponents inside the 10 without worrying about kicking it into the end zone. The defense will some times decline the delay of game penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But yes...EVERY penalty can be declined. Even false starts can be declined. Even unsportsmanlike conduct penalties can be declined, although there is literally no reason to ever do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12330" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T08:31:39.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14870" CreationDate="2016-10-28T12:40:54.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What steps can I take to determine feasibility of replacing a fairway wood with a &quot;driving hybrid&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would ask three questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is your skill level?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, the lower your skill level, the higher the need to replace your &lt;em&gt;long iron&lt;/em&gt; with a hybrid is. This is typical for beginners because they usually struggle with long irons. If you fall into this category, use the hybrid to replace the &lt;em&gt;long iron&lt;/em&gt;, not the fairway wood. For more information on the construction of hybrids vs. irons, refer to &lt;a href=&quot;http://valueguide.pga.com/library/buying-guide/hybrid-vs-long-iron/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this guide&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those who have an adequate skill level to make further adjustments, continue reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What's in your bag?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note:  At a pro level, bag setup is very important. There is a crude correlation between bag setup and success&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.golfwrx.com/101090/long-iron-or-hybrid-the-importance-of-bag-setup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My old bag setup was: Driver, 3- &amp;amp; 5-wood, 3-hybrid, 4-9 iron, pitching wedge, and two wedges (56° and 60°). Replacing a fairway wood with a hybrid would have been redundant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My new bag setup (before adding my hybrid) was: Driver, 3-9 iron, pitching wedge, and three wedges (50°, 54°, and 58°).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many paths to go from here. Do you add a 3- or 5-wood? Do you add another wedge? Do you replace your long iron with a hybrid? Or...to my initial question, do you replace a fairway wood with a hybrid? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These questions can be answered in the next section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are your preferences?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of golf is preferences and specific to an individual golfer. With the questions presented in the last section, preferences will help you answer those questions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were a short game enthusiast, then I can add another tool of the trade with another wedge. For me, my choice would be a 62°.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were a beginner, or otherwise have a low skill level, then I would replace a &lt;em&gt;long iron&lt;/em&gt; with a hybrid (see the first section for more info) before I replace a fairway wood with a hybrid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, I'm not keen on using a fairway wood. I don't really have a good reason...just a club I prefer not to use often. This was the motivation for the initial question: &lt;strong&gt;Would a &quot;driving hybrid&quot; be an adequate replacement to a fairway wood?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are serious about replacing a fairway wood with a hybrid, look at this &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.golfsmith.com/golf-equipment/hybrids-vs-fairways/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golfsmith article&lt;/a&gt;. According to Golfsmith, my 19° hybrid is equivalent to a 5-wood. As originally stated, I thought about delofting my hybrid. According to Golfsmith, a loft of 14-16° would be equivalent to a 3-wood. If I do deloft, it would be to 17°.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I was surprised to see my 19° hybrid be as long in height as my previous two 5-woods. My previous 3-hybrid was not as long in height as my previous two 5-woods. This was a promising start to my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another consideration is how you address the ball and swing the club:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a fairway wood, you set up in which the ball is forward in your stance, and sweep the ball off the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a hybrid, you set up in which the ball is in the middle of your stance and hit down on the ball (like an iron). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, the hybrid is colloquially called a &quot;rescue club.&quot; In the event you find trouble off the tee, the hybrid is more able to cut through grass and get the ball up in the air quickly. There is a place for a fairway wood; in light rough in which the ball is sitting up, a fairway wood is better suited due to its ability to sweep the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a steeper swing, so a hybrid would complement my swing. Again, this is preference. A fairway wood has a place in many golfers' bags.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: These points are just a starting point for your consideration. More specific questions can be directed to and answered by someone who is experienced in this subject matter, like a fellow golfer or someone who can &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5654&quot;&gt;fit you to your golf clubs&lt;/a&gt;, for example.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T12:50:18.723" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14920" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-29T00:37:21.443" Score="5" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;When soccer players celebrate a goal, many times they celebrate &quot;with&quot; the public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do baseball players pretty much ignore the public when celebrating? Or even don't show much emotion when a good play occurs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, when running the bases after a home run many times the batter will show no emotion and not respond to the crowd cheering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12332" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T03:56:52.103" Title="Why don't baseball players get involved with the spectators when something good happens?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-11-01T18:07:27.780" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2016-10-29T06:19:27.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like the confusion about it even inspired rules guru Mike Pereira to post a quick video to answer this question: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/video?vid=348073539671&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.foxsports.com/video?vid=348073539671&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The heart of it:&#xA;&amp;quot;Why can't you decline delay of game and false start?  Well you can, if you don't want the five yards, but there's no play.  You can't have a play.  A false start and a delay of game are before the ball is snapped so you have no play.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a team want to decline delay of game\false start?  Only situations I can think of is perhaps because they want to encourage an opponent to make a risky move (going for it on fourth down, trying a long field goal, etc)... or just maybe if a team is on one hashmark and pretty close in, maybe around the 5-10 yard line, and has 4th down... to keep the field goal angle sharper (though that'd be a tough one to swallow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other reason would be for sportsmanship's sake, such as when Fresno State &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/college-football/2016/9/3/12788464/nebraska-punter-sam-foltz-tribute&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;declined a penalty&lt;/a&gt; on Nebraska who sent out their punt team without the punter this year to celebrate him after he died in the offseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T19:53:54.447" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T19:53:54.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-29T20:53:27.193" Score="1" ViewCount="466" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say, there is a no ball in the very first ball of an innings. Total score becomes 1, over 0.0&#xA;What should be the current run rate at this moment ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12337" LastActivityDate="2016-10-29T20:56:53.897" Title="Calculating run rate on a no ball in the very first over and first ball" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14923" CreationDate="2016-10-29T20:56:53.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Run rate is defined as runs / (legal deliveries * 6) - i.e. runs per over. As the number of legal deliveries is zero, the current run rate is undefined. This is just the same as (e.g.) how a batsman's average is undefined if they have played only one innings and were not out - but frankly, &lt;strong&gt;it doesn't matter&lt;/strong&gt; because everything fixes itself once a legal delivery occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-10-29T20:56:53.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14913" CreationDate="2016-10-31T03:16:56.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the free throw percentage of a player higher when playing in their stadium?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's tough to say. At a glance in the NBA, it seems to be, but not by much. However, there isn't a hard and fast rule that says FT% is higher when a player is playing in their home stadium. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this exercise, I selected six NBA players with 2,500+ free throw attempts at home and 2,500+ free throw attempts on the road and viewed their statistics on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/&quot;&gt;Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt; (as of October 30, 2016). Two players have a FT% greater than .800, two players have a FT% between .700 and .800, and two players have a FT% less than .600. The reason for these different &quot;categories&quot; are to detect variance (if any exists). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Player        | HFT  | HFTA | HFT% | AFT  | AFTA | AFT% | DIFF%&#xA;----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;Pau Gasol       2347   3090   .760   2094   2790   .751    .009&#xA;LeBron James    3087   4095   .754   3042   4146   .734    .020&#xA;Kevin Durant    2261   2565   .881   2354   2664   .884   -.003&#xA;Kobe Bryant     4244   5053   .840   4134   4958   .834    .006&#xA;Dwight Howard   2235   3971   .563   2213   3864   .573   -.010&#xA;Shaq O'Neal     3027   5718   .529   2908   5534   .525    .004&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at these statistics, there doesn't seem to be much variance, no matter the FT% (albeit this is a small sample size). The biggest difference in these examples is from LeBron James at .02 in favor of home, but the rest are .01 difference or less either way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought Dwight Howard and Shaq would have a greater difference due to their well-documented ineffectiveness from the free throw line, but that didn't prove to be the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summary: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're great from the free throw line, you'll be great home or away. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're good from the free throw line, you'll be good home or away. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're not so good from the free throw line, you'll be not so good home or away.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Note: This answer considers NBA statistics only. I think collegiate statistics may vary more, but I'm not sure if it would be enough to provide a clear answer to this question.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T03:27:20.610" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T03:27:20.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14920" CreationDate="2016-10-31T03:56:52.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While browsing through the Major League Baseball rules I think I found a clue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.06 (3.09) No Fraternization&lt;/strong&gt; Players in uniform shall not address or mingle with spectators, nor sit in the stands before, during, or after&#xA;  a game. No manager, coach or player shall address any spectator before&#xA;  or during a game. Players of opposing teams shall not fraternize at&#xA;  any time while in uniform.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12332" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T03:56:52.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14928" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-31T21:27:39.043" Score="1" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can European player sign for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Development_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBDL&lt;/a&gt; team during the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12342" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:37:36.787" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:37:36.787" Title="Can European player sign for NBD-League team during the season?" Tags="|basketball|transfer|nbdl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14928" CreationDate="2016-10-31T21:53:44.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, an overseas player can join the NBA DLeague during the season.  If a player wants to go to the DLeague, he is placed in a player pool, and is able to be selected by a team via waivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once the NBA D-League season begins, players who sign NBA D-League contracts are placed into a rotating waiver pool so that teams can claim them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If a player from high school, college or overseas enters the NBA D-League without ever having declared for the NBA Draft, he will also join the waiver pool. That player remains NBA Draft-eligible but is not eligible to be called up to the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dleague.nba.com/faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T21:53:44.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14932" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14933" CreationDate="2016-11-03T10:08:28.500" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/columnist/bob-nightengale/2016/11/03/cubs-win-world-series-indians-game-7/93219032/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Chicago Cubs' victory after 108 years&lt;/a&gt; (1908 to 2016) the longest drought between a team's two titles in North American major sports leagues (NBA, NFL, NHL, MLB)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-10T20:40:19.497" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T20:40:19.497" Title="What is the longest drought between a team's two titles?" Tags="|trivia|records|championship|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14932" CreationDate="2016-11-03T12:54:52.760" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The longest all-time droughts in each league are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MLB: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_droughts#Longest_World_Series_championship_droughts_through_history&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Cubs - 108 seasons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NHL: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grayflannelsuit.net/blog/denied-the-10-longest-title-droughts-in-nhl-history&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Toronto Maple Leafs - 48 seasons*&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NBA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketballinsiders.com/longest-nba-title-droughts/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sacramento Kings - 65 seasons*&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NFL: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/here-are-the-five-longest-super-bowl-and-nfl-title-droughts/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arizona Cardinals - 68 seasons*&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;*active&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, in the MLB, the White Sox (87 seasons), Red Sox (86 seasons), Phillies (77 seasons), and the Indians (68 seasons) had/have as long of a drought or longer than teams in other leagues. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T12:54:52.760" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14935" CreationDate="2016-11-03T13:06:31.213" Score="5" ViewCount="716" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read in the baseball matches (formed of nine innings) that there exists a pause for spectators at seventh inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why on this number of innings and not after fourth and before fifth? Potentially in the middle of match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-11-03T14:01:42.800" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T14:01:42.800" Title="Why does there exist a pause on seventh inning?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14934" CreationDate="2016-11-03T13:15:34.190" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch#Origin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;7th Inning Stretch&lt;/a&gt; is something that is widely disputed, and no real record exists of exactly when it started.  There are several accounts of what could have started it, but no real proof that any of them are the real reason it was started.  Can't really comment on why it's in the 7th inning and not earlier in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origin of the seventh-inning stretch is much disputed, and it is difficult to certify any definite history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One claimant is Brother Jasper (Brennan) of Mary, F.S.C., the man credited with bringing baseball to Manhattan College in New York City. Being the Prefect of Discipline as well as the coach of the team, it fell to Brother Jasper to supervise the student fans at every home game. On one particularly hot and muggy day in June 1882, during the seventh inning against a semi-pro team called the Metropolitans, the Prefect noticed his charges becoming restless. To break the tension, he called a timeout in the game and instructed everyone in the bleachers to stand up and unwind. It worked so well he began calling for a seventh-inning rest period at every game. The Manhattan College custom spread to the major leagues after the New York Giants were charmed by it at an exhibition game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In June 1869 the New York Herald published a report on a game between the Cincinnati Red Stockings and the Brooklyn Eagles (home team): &amp;quot;At the close of the long second inning, the laughable stand up and stretch was indulged in all round the field.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether a stretch was observed nationwide is not known, but later in 1869 the Cincinnati Commercial reported on a game that was played on the West Coast between the Red Stockings and the Eagle Club of San Francisco: &amp;quot;One thing noticeable in this game was a ten minutes' intermission at the end of the sixth inning – a dodge to advertise and have the crowd patronize the bar.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a letter written in 1869 by Harry Wright (1835–1895), manager of the Cincinnati Red Stockings documented something very similar to a seventh-inning stretch, making the following observation about the Cincinnati fans' ballpark behavior: &amp;quot;The spectators all arise between halves of the seventh inning, extend their legs and arms and sometimes walk about. In so doing they enjoy the relief afforded by relaxation from a long posture upon hard benches.&amp;quot; Another tale holds that the stretch was invented by a manager stalling for time to warm up a relief pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On October 18, 1889 Game 1 of the 1889 World Series saw a seventh-inning stretch after somebody yelled &amp;quot;stretch for luck&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A popular story for the origin of the seventh-inning stretch is that on April 14, 1910, on opening day, 6 ft 2 in (188 cm), 350-pound (160 kg), President William Howard Taft was sore from prolonged sitting at a game between the Washington Senators and the Philadelphia Athletics and stood up to stretch, causing the crowd to feel obligated to join their president in his gestures. This story is set at a far later date than the others, however, so he may only have given the presidential seal of approval to a longstanding tradition; the story that his physical problems forced him to stand up contradict this, but he might have just been waiting for the proper accepted time to relieve his pain; either way, he gave national publicity to the practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the name, there appears to be no written record of the name &amp;quot;seventh-inning stretch&amp;quot; before 1920, which since at least the late 1870s was called the Lucky Seventh, indicating that the 7th inning was settled on for superstitious reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, there are many references to what may have started the ritual, but no real proof.  It's just something that people observe, but no real reason is known as to why exactly it started.  The tradition, at least now, is people sing &amp;quot;Take Me out To The Ballgame&amp;quot; during this 7th inning stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no certain date when the tradition began, but the practice gained exceptional notoriety from broadcaster Harry Caray. Caray would sing the song to himself in the broadcast booth during the stretch while a play-by-play announcer for the Chicago White Sox.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After hearing him sing one day, White Sox owner Bill Veeck Jr., the famed baseball promoter, had Caray's microphone turned on so that the ballpark could hear him sing. When Caray moved into the Chicago Cubs broadcast booth, he continued the practice, sparking what has become a Cubs tradition by regularly leading the crowd in singing the song in every seventh-inning stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T13:21:25.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14952" CreationDate="2016-11-03T14:57:07.047" Score="5" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ignoring whether this would actually happen, is there any rule that would prohibit a NFL team or unit (OL, DL, etc.) from practising with a NCAA football team or unit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the NCAA consider it tampering in some form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12058" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-12T21:43:33.580" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T21:43:33.580" Title="Are NFL teams disallowed from practising with NCAA teams?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14938" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-03T21:55:56.383" Score="2" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a gas-powered Airsoft UZI. It does not fire. I noticed the pin on the valve to release the gas (which the trigger should be depressing in order to fire the gun) does not budge. On my other guns I can press it with my finger, but this one I can't even press with a screw-driver. I noticed this little piece of metal in there, and wonder if it is there to prevent the pin from being pressed and is intended to be removed. Any advice?&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5E5mJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5E5mJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12357" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-11-04T02:15:31.783" LastActivityDate="2016-11-04T02:15:31.783" Title="Airsoft UZI gas mag not working. Is this piece supposed to be removed?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="119" CreationDate="2016-11-04T06:06:11.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason this rule exists is because in the early days of baseball, players would intentionally bunt foul to wear the opposing pitcher down.  A classic example of this is &quot;King&quot; Kelly of the Chicago White Stockings (precursor to our modern day Cubs).  King Kelly was notorious for bunting foul in order to wear down a pitcher and eventually get balls leading to a walk.  Back in those days, foul balls were not strikes.  The rules of baseball had to be changed because of this strategy.  For more information on King Kelly, read: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kelly&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kelly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12358" LastActivityDate="2016-11-04T06:06:11.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14941" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14942" CreationDate="2016-11-04T13:02:53.797" Score="4" ViewCount="1566" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does ICC provide any official calculator or software to calculate scores according to Duckworth-Lewis Method?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12359" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T03:30:55.333" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T03:39:32.287" Title="Is there an official software to calculate Duckworth-Lewis Method?" Tags="|cricket|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14941" CreationDate="2016-11-04T13:18:31.570" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are any number of unofficial calculator apps available on the web - a simple google search will give you links.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official software for calculating DLS (Duckworth-Lewis-Stern) scores is called Coda, and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to my knowledge&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is only available through the cricketing boards in each country. Normally it is supplied to clubs or teams by the governing body of the competitions they control, with instructions for its' consistent use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Cricinfo post &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DUCKWORTH_LEWIS_1999.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Duckworth-Lewis Method (1999)&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Although there is a computer programme, CODA, that is used by official first class and international scorers to carry out all calculations of D/L targets, unfortunately, CODA is no longer available for purchase by the general public&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DUCKWORTH_LEWIS_2001.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Duckworth-Lewis Method (2001)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is a computer program CODA which carries out all calculations of D/L targets and provides many features besides. This program, which is now owned by ICC, is used by official scorers around the world. It is currently unavailable for purchase by the general public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ABOUT_CRICKET/RAIN_RULES/DUCKWORTH_LEWIS_2002.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Duckworth-Lewis update&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question: Yes, the ICC do provide an official piece of software, but it's not generally available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T03:39:32.287" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T03:39:32.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13535" CreationDate="2016-11-05T12:50:50.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Brazilian Code for Sports (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esporte.gov.br/arquivos/cejd/arquivos/CBJD09032015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBJD&lt;/a&gt;, link in Portuguese), rule 214, the team that used the suspended player is punished with the loss of any points obtained in the specific game, in addition to the loss of three points in the competition and a fee between R$100.00 (~U$33.00) and R$100.000,00 (~U$33,333).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the other team is not awarded with a win. The result is maintained, e.g. if the offending team won the match, it loses the three points from that game, plus another three points; but the adversary don't get any additional points. If the offending team lost the game, it is still subjected to a loss of three points in the competition. If the nature of the competition doesn't allow the loss of three points, e.g. it is a single elimination game, the team is excluded from the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portuguesa_de_Desportos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;One famous case&lt;/a&gt; occurred in 2013 when Portuguesa finished just above the relegation zone but in the last game used one suspended player in the last 15 minutes of the match. The club lost the four points - one awarded for the draw in that fatal game plus other three points - and was relegated to the 2nd division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference in the fee is to accommodate the huge difference between 1st national division clubs and very small clubs that play only in regional leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you could see, the Brazilian regulation is different of the one used by UEFA as the other team is not awarded with a 3-0 win. The rule is defined and enforced by the competition organizer, not referees in the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastEditorUserId="20388" LastEditDate="2020-10-15T11:15:28.337" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T11:15:28.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14946" CreationDate="2016-11-06T01:28:06.830" Score="3" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across an example of a job interview question related to betting and want to ask the opinion of experts as my betting knowledge is very basic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Do you think favorites in the English Premier League are undervalued in the betting market?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is this true? if yes, why?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My guess:&#xA;&lt;br&gt; Assuming it is true statement, it would be because the bookies are trying to discourage betting on favorites where the probability of them winning is bigger (giving bettors odds less than the probability of a win) and tempting people to bet on underdogs where the probabilities are lower (giving bettors better odds than the probability of a loss), therefore maximizing their profits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would be the gist of it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Would my guess be close to the answer to this question? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Plus, how this would be relevant in the world of constantly changing odds?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12363" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-11-07T07:27:26.580" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T23:04:33.003" Title="betting - do favorites get undervalued quotes?" Tags="|football|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14945" CreationDate="2016-11-06T05:20:42.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is really simple.  A books goal is to get half the action on each side, for all pure win/loss bets.  They make their money on juice not guessing which side will win.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not matter if favorites make the most money for bettors on average.  It is all about getting an even amount of action on each side.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is possibly yes if it met certain conditions - covered more than juice - but it wouldn't matter long as the market (books) would adjust quickly.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Just a tidbit but there were years straight that you could have won a lot more games than lost by just picking underdog every game in American football.  The books didn't care because people kept betting the favorites.  Maybe they were trying to make a 50/50 win-loss line or maybe the books were systematically adding a point or so to each game.  Each big book in Vegas hires a person to set the lines and then the lines move if the book is experiencing too much risk based on one side getting most of the action - but when the lines move the book can lose both ends)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-11-07T23:04:33.003" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T23:04:33.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14859" CreationDate="2016-11-06T05:24:08.363" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player can hold the ball with two hands and begin a dribble as long as they did not lose their dribble.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A dribble is a controlled offensive move.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not include bobbling a ball, tipping a ball on a steal, battling for a ball or any other sort of uncontrolled or defensive move.  (There are too many rules for me to look up to cite).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T05:24:08.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14514" CreationDate="2016-11-06T17:49:43.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what that site defines a salary as, it looks like the salary is the amount a player is payed by a particular team within a season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means a player can be paid under league minimum if they are not on a team's roster for the full season. From personal experience, playing with professional players in the off season, players receive a pro-rated salary based upon their negotiated salary when they get called up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, lets assume a player signs a two way contract between the NHL and AHL (American Hockey League). $1 million in the NHL and $100k in the AHL. Currently the average NHL salary is $2.4 million while AHL salary is just over $90k.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this player spends 50% of the time in the NHL and 50% of their time in the AHL, their total gross salary would be $550k. $500k from their time in the NHL and $50k in the AHL. So while the player's salary may be listed as $500k from their NHL team, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.puckreport.com/2009/07/nhl-minimum-wage-maximum-wage-by-year.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;under the league minimum of $575k for this season&lt;/a&gt;, their contract was signed for much higher than the league minimum. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the main discrepancy here is how the site you reference classifies a player's salary. This information assumes a player has signed a two-way contract covering an agreed upon salary in both leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I'm almost certain a player's salary is paid and dependent upon the season's beginning and end dates. There's no payment for the 'off-season,' nor a salary for post season play. Although there may be some sort of bonus pay. This means a player's salary is typically pro-rated depending on the season. So a $100k salary divided up by a hypothetical 100 day season would constitute $1k paid to a player per day they are in that league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12366" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T17:49:43.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-06T21:22:38.600" Score="3" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;In what year(s) in the NFL was the runner allowed to get up and run after being knocked off his feet, as long as they weren't tackled and held down? From memory, it only lasted 1 or 2 years because it caused lots of injuries. I think it was in the 50s but could have been in the early 60s also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12368" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2018-12-20T16:18:04.353" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T16:18:04.353" Title="Running After Being Knocked Off Feet in the NFL" Tags="|rules|american-football|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14859" CreationDate="2016-11-06T22:14:41.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIBA rules: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.1.2. A dribble starts when a player, having gained control of a live ball...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee needs to determine if the player merely tapped the ball or already demonstrated dribble control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the official interpretations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Art. 14 Control of the ball 14-1 Statement Team control starts when a&#xA;  player of that team is in control of a live ball by holding or&#xA;  dribbling it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official interpretations have examples where touching the ball with one hand is not considered control. eg No shot clock reset when knocking the ball out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The First Westbrook steal is a tap away without immediate control. But he only used one hand in the dribble anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second video Westbrook knocks the ball down out of the opponent's hands.&#xA;At the moment he doesn't have control and only after he gathers the ball with 2 hands does he have clear control. At that point he starts a legal dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So a knock away steal does NOT count as your first dribble. (Art 24.)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Only once clear control with one hand or 2 hands touch the ball is control established. From that point dribble rules apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T22:14:41.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14936" CreationDate="2016-11-07T16:27:57.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.  Not even getting into the weird NCAA rules - which I am sure this would violate many - it violates the current collective bargaining agreement in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First NFL teams can only practice with other NFL teams in designated scrimmages before the start of the regular season.  And simply any player practicing with a team (or a team of players) without an NFL contract would be in direct violation of the NFL player's union contract.  Coach's can't even give a former NFL player a try-out during a practice.  No contract = no practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T16:27:57.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13535" CreationDate="2016-11-07T18:18:07.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a suspended player is used, then the team might risk losing the points for that particular match. The match would be counted as a 3-0 victory for the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened very recently with Bolivia in the CONMEBOL qualifiers for the 2018 World Cup. Chile and Peru got the points they had lost against Bolivia since the latter team had used a suspended player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12371" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T18:18:07.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-08T08:29:34.120" Score="7" ViewCount="42337" Body="&lt;p&gt;League tables for football often use a series of abbreviations for their columns, like P, W, D, L, GS, GA, +/-, Pts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do they all stand for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12373" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-11-08T12:55:50.153" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T16:19:25.450" Title="Abbreviations in a football league table - what do they mean?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14957" CreationDate="2016-11-08T09:07:25.353" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nice and easy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P: Games &lt;strong&gt;p&lt;/strong&gt;layed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;W: Games &lt;strong&gt;w&lt;/strong&gt;on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;D: Games &lt;strong&gt;d&lt;/strong&gt;rawn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;L: Games &lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt;ost&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;GS: &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;oals &lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;cored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;GA: &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;oals &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;gainst&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;+/-: goal difference (ie goals scored minus goals against); often abbreviated to &quot;GD&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pts: Points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-10T16:19:25.450" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T16:19:25.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14973" CreationDate="2016-11-08T12:02:01.167" Score="8" ViewCount="2147" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens to a player who is constantly offside in a match? Is there any rule or sanction for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2017-01-13T16:39:33.153" LastActivityDate="2017-01-13T16:39:33.153" Title="Consequences for being constantly offside?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14959" CreationDate="2016-11-08T13:42:57.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as the ref is concerned, there is nothing wrong with offsides. It penalizes the offensive team for trying to &quot;cheat&quot; their way past the defense. There's an entire defensive strategy called &quot;the trap&quot; which relies on putting players offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player might get reprimanded by his coach, get substituted out, etc... Team B is more than happy if Team A is constantly offside as it gives possession back to Team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11234" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T13:42:57.393" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14959" CreationDate="2016-11-08T14:15:41.420" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 3&lt;/a&gt; states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of [...] persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game (no specific number or pattern of infringements constitutes “persistent”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player would be cautioned, and if the pattern of offending didn't stop, would receive a second caution and be sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T14:15:41.420" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14975" CreationDate="2016-11-08T16:39:05.903" Score="7" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Vendée Globe began last Sunday and will probably last for about 75 days. A leaderboard is regularly updated, which can be accessed &lt;a href=&quot;http://tracking2016.vendeeglobe.org/hp5ip0/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thomson is currently in the lead, followed closely by Le Cléac'h and JP Dick. However, they are not following one another but rather appear to be on the same line, descending SSW. This is because Thomson chose to jibe to take advantage on the stronger winds near the Portugal coast, Dick did the same but to a lesser extent, and Le Cléac'h stayed the course. Their trajectories can be seen below on the screenshot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now my question is: what are the criteria used to put Thomson before Dick and Le Cléac'h in the leaderboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dxY7y.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dxY7y.png&quot; alt=&quot;Vendée Globe 08 November 2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12376" LastEditorUserId="12376" LastEditDate="2022-11-17T14:06:01.340" LastActivityDate="2022-11-17T14:06:01.340" Title="How are the leaderboards determined in ocean races?" Tags="|sailing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14962" CreationDate="2016-11-08T21:21:35.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The yacht with least distance along the minimal path to the end line will be considered &quot;winning&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is apparent in the leaderboard with Thomson's &lt;em&gt;distance au but&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;distance to the goal&quot;) being listed, and the other yachts listed as &lt;em&gt;distance au 1er&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;distance to first-placer&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of second and third only a tenth of a nautical mile separates the required distance for the yachts. They will appear very close because relatively speaking, they &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt; very close together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T21:21:35.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14967" CreationDate="2016-11-09T09:33:14.500" Score="6" ViewCount="1845" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which player have the most man of the match award record in IPL (Indian Premier League)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12379" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T18:53:07.443" Title="Most Man of the match Awards in IPL" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14966" CreationDate="2016-11-09T11:32:35.333" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_Premier_League_records_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Indian Premier League records and statistics&lt;/a&gt;, Chris Gayle has the most MOM awards, at 17. See the &quot;Miscellaneous records&quot; section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2016-11-11T17:59:36.820" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T17:59:36.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14971" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14972" CreationDate="2016-11-09T12:57:46.517" Score="2" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the first ball of the match a batsman clean bowled. But he correctly protests the umpire didn't call &quot;Play&quot; before the bowler delivered the ball. What should the umpire's decision be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12379" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-11-09T20:17:21.830" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T09:40:05.313" Title="Ball delivered before umpire calls play - out or not?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14971" CreationDate="2016-11-09T14:53:58.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman has clearly faced the delivery, I'd say out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a proper umpire, not calling Play is a big error, and a contravention of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-16-start-of-play-cessation-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16&lt;/a&gt;. I'd be ashamed of myself, but it wouldn't change the fact that the game had started, because both sides considered the ball to be in play (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23, section 1, part b&lt;/a&gt; for a description of when the umpires can consider the ball to be dead).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And crucially, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23 section 5&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball ceases to be dead - that is, it comes into play - when the bowler starts his run up or, if he has no run up, his bowling action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the overriding factor - the batsman can't rely on a  technicality to reprieve him or her if they've faced the ball. I can guarantee they'd pitch a fit if he or she spanked the ball to the boundary and the ump then declared it dead!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-11-09T14:53:58.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14959" CreationDate="2016-11-10T03:30:23.140" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing. Every time it happens the defending team gets gifted possession in the form of an indirect free kick, which is punishment enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is played under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. However, there are many unwritten &amp;quot;common law&amp;quot; elements (ie. customs and traditions) that are part of the game. It is generally expected that referees possess this tacit knowledge. In every competition I've ever played in, refereed or spectated, persistent infringement only applies to Law 12 (Fouls and Misconduct) and Law 14 (Penalty Kick) infringements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The persistent infringement clause of Law 12 exists to allow referees to warn, caution, and then send-off players that are consistently committing infringements with the effect of preventing the opponents from playing. Since committing an infringement when your team has clear possession of the ball doesn't have this effect and only harms your own team, it would be very strange to consider it to be conduct worthy of a caution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I provided some information on this in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14709/3526&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; illustrating this consensus among fellow referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth mentioning that Law 12 mentions that a player may be cautioned for persistent infringement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, 12.3 Disciplinary Action:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game (no specific number or pattern of infringements constitutes “persistent”)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is a general understanding amongst referees (think of it as common law) that players should not be cautioned for persistent infringement when the infringement only harms their team eg. taking a free kick to oneself, incorrectly taking a throw-in, offside. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.refchat.co.uk/threads/persistent-infringement.5879/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This forum thread on RefChat highlights this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any circumstances when you might caution a player for being persistently penalised for being in an offside position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No it's a technical offence, a bit like persistently taking a throw-in incorrectly, which you wouldn't caution for either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way of thinking of it, is that he is only penalising his own team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually I don't see how the striker is doing anything wrong beside being offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you consider that he's interfering while being offside, than give the offside&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he does it again, do it again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he does it again, do it again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is he harming beside his own team in this scenario ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is contrast to offences which actively harm the opponents' ability to play should and hence should come under the guise of persistent infringement. Examples of this include repeatedly fouling opponents, encroaching at a penalty kick forcing a retake multiple times, consistently holding opponents at a corner kick before the ball is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also dug up some more information, in particular from Jim Allen, former director of US Soccer's national referee program. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?p=315&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this question and answer&lt;/a&gt; he considers the possibility of persistent infringement caution due to offside:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On Sunday I watched the FC Dallas vs. Denver Rapids where one forward got called offsides 5 times. I read online where someone was calling for a yellow for “persistent infringement of offsides”. I have never heard of this and I can’t find anywhere that I could justify a yellow for persistent infringement for being offsides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also would have to ask myself if I thought this yellow would help the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please let me know if a yellow can be given here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;USSF answer (June 4, 2008):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly legal to be in an offside position. The person who posted the suggestion you saw online is probably the person who asked us the very same question almost five years ago about high school soccer, to which we replied on October 23, 2003:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, there is no such rule in soccer, whether at the high school level or in the . . . worldwide game of soccer. . . . Persistent infringement applies to any and all infringements of Law 12 and to some infringements of Law 14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that this part of the Laws of the Game has no changed since that answer was provided (and all of these answers provided by USSF are backed by FIFA/IFAB), it is safe to say that this custom still would apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/14396/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;following question asked on asktheref.com&lt;/a&gt; also points out that referees should only consider Law 12 and Law 14 offences when considering persistent infringement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Excerpt from the question&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... she was in offside position and involved in the active play all 8 times (I didn't include the times she was simply in offside position and not in the active play, and therefore not penalized), and the reason I ask is because the wording for PI doesn't specify which laws someone must break to be cautioned for PI. I too believe that Law 12 would be the basis for PI, and I've always worked that way, but I brought it up because it seems that in this regard ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Excerpt from answers&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In America the referee is governed by US Soccer's policy and that is published in Advice to Referees on the Laws of the Game. The policy is persistence applies to Law 12 and in some instances Law 14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still can't be PI. In US only violations of LAW 12 and, as ref Fleischer corrects me, Law 14. Besides, PI is there to punish a player for disadvantaging an opposing team by persistent fouls that don't warrant a caution. In this case, she's helping the other team out. The Spirit of the Law would forbid a caution in this instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &amp;quot;Spirit&amp;quot; that is spoken of is now a formal part of the Laws of the Game (as of 1st June 2016).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.2 - The Referee, Decisions of the Referee&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decisions will be made to the best of the referee`s ability according to the Laws of the Game and the spirit of the game and will be based on the opinion of the referee who has the discretion to take appropriate action within the framework of the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is certainly not appropriate, nor a sensible use of discretion to caution a player for doing nothing more than harming their own team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-11-10T03:30:23.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14962" CreationDate="2016-11-11T09:51:51.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Distance to Finish (DTF) is the simplest and most common way to measure distance in sailing. If you take a Great Circle line (the shortest distance on the surface of the Earth) between the boat and the next mark, buoy or finish, that is the DTF. Once round the next mark, the measurement starts again to the following one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It isn't an accurate indicator of who will actually be in the lead, as it doesn't take into account course made good over tides, winds, upwind sailing capability etc., until the boats are close to the mark/buoy/finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, commentators typically provide analysis based on expectations of positions, and this is especially valuable for long distance races such as the Vendée Globe. They take into account known weather patterns, sea conditions etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.volvooceanrace.com/en/glossary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Volvo Ocean Race site&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;DTF or &#xA;  DISTANCE TO FINISH&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The distance (in nautical miles) from the boat to the finish line (&lt;strong&gt;passing any gates or land&lt;/strong&gt; that might be in the way) at the time of the position report, measured &lt;strong&gt;along the great circle route&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T23:19:02.373" LastActivityDate="2016-11-15T23:19:02.373" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14729" CreationDate="2016-11-11T14:02:54.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to learn how to use a boom vang is really by using it, but here are some guidelines that I have taught at Sailing Schools, and used to great effect when racing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in very light wind, you actually don't want tension on it at all&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you have a large swell or rough seas in a light wind, leaving the vang too loose will let your boom bounce up and down, so pull it in enough to stop that happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in high winds you want it pulled in tight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives more power, as the sail flattens, and the mast bends, but be ready to slacken it off as the sail overpowers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That basic rule, having your vang tension proportional to the wind strength is an excellent approximation. This allows the sail more power - which is what you want control of in racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be ideal if the helmsman could also work the vang, because you can play the helm, main sheets and vang off against each other, but on a 2 person boat you'd usually have your crew play the vang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Just found a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sailingbreezes.com/sailing_breezes_current/articles/Aug00/dell0800.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;brief page from Dave Dellenbaugh&lt;/a&gt; (an America's Cup veteran) that gives a little more detail on these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T14:02:54.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15029" CreationDate="2016-11-12T03:41:52.880" Score="4" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8 ball, if neither group has been claimed yet and a player makes a shot, pockets a solid ball, then pockets the cue ball all on the same turn (in that order),  is that player solids or do both groups remain unclaimed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I originally also asked for citations from reputable sources (wpa, etc.), but that was edited out for some reason. I'm still looking for links to official rules regarding this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12391" LastEditorUserId="12391" LastEditDate="2016-11-22T01:48:36.813" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T18:37:42.520" Title="8 ball - Does order of pocketed balls matter?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-12T09:11:40.523" Score="2" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen many instances were athletes have taken a free-kick inside the penalty area. Its like a usual free-kick with the wall trying to block the shot however taken inside the penalty area. In what situation does a referee decide to give this decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T20:25:40.153" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T20:25:40.153" Title="When is it a free kick inside the penalty area?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-11-12T09:55:17.773" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14978" CreationDate="2016-11-12T15:30:12.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what you mean by &lt;em&gt;the same turn&lt;/em&gt; - do you mean a single shot, or a visit to the table (i.e. one or more consecutive shots)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean &lt;em&gt;all in the same shot&lt;/em&gt; then it is a foul; both groups are unclaimed. The order the balls go in the pockets makes no difference at all, we only care about the state of play when the balls stop moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean &lt;em&gt;in the same visit&lt;/em&gt;, with shot 1 being the legal pot of the solid ball, and shot 2 being the cue ball going in, then that player would have the solid group and would end his visit with the foul shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T15:30:12.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-13T22:17:31.837" Score="11" ViewCount="1215" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, can the captain move players from one position into another, during the game, without the coach or manager telling them to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the coach or manager need to give the captain permission for this to be done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12401" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-11-14T09:22:39.163" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T08:13:24.937" Title="Can the captain change players' positions without permission from a coach or manager?" Tags="|rules|football|coaching|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14991" CreationDate="2016-11-13T23:12:05.733" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other than the goalkeeper, there are no positions defined in the Laws of the Game, so nobody needs &quot;permission&quot; from anybody play anywhere on the pitch. The captain, or anyone else on the team for that matter, can tell anyone to move into any position at all. Whether they'll be listened to our not is a different question of course, and that's down to the relationship between the manager, the captain and everybody else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-13T23:12:05.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14642" CreationDate="2016-11-14T08:05:51.027" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play in safety glasses without suffering unduly from fogging, although I often sweat heavily. If it occasionally happens, I clean them with a dry handkerchief. I think it's a feature of quality squash glasses that they are designed to allow air flow. Perhaps changing the model you use might help. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also wear a &quot;bandana&quot; twisted up and tied around my forehead. This serves to prevent sweat from dripping onto the glasses during play. If you can successfully prevent this, fogging seems to be less of a problem. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12399" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T08:05:51.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14991" CreationDate="2016-11-14T09:03:55.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated by @PhilipKendall, there's no rule delimiting the functions of coaches and players. And to add to that: there's no rule that forces you to even have a coach present, nor for the coach to just coach.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In lower tiers, clubs with financial or management problems that can't find a coach, would play following the directions of the captain and/or the physical trainer. Take &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;js=y&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;hl=es&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdigital.es%2Fdeportes%2Fcadizcf%2Fnoticias%2Fcadiz-cf%2Fel-jumilla-lleva-diez-partidos-jugando-sin-entrenador.html&amp;amp;edit-text=&amp;amp;act=url&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the example of Jumilla CF&lt;/a&gt; (Google-translated article), a modest Spanish &quot;bronze division&quot; team that's now in the top 3 of their group after surviving almost half the last season without a coach.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On the other side of the spectrum, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player-coach&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a coach may choose to be a player himself too&lt;/a&gt;. When Zidane arrived to Real Madrid as a coach, there was some mild speculation about him actually playing some matches if he couldn't decide a lineup in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So much for rules about whether the captain can tell other players what to do :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12405" LastEditorUserId="12405" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T08:13:24.937" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T08:13:24.937" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14996" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-14T14:36:18.647" Score="0" ViewCount="1115" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/z5cAs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is out in the attached picture, assuming non of the batters stop running or turn back to their original grounds? At the time of wicket is broken, both were out of their ground but they had not crossed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12406" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T15:41:12.367" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T15:41:12.367" Title="Who is run out if both batsmen are out of their ground?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-11-15T05:57:02.850" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14996" CreationDate="2016-11-14T14:51:29.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-38-run-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 38, Section 3&lt;/a&gt;. It states that the person run out shall be the one whose ground is closest to the end where the wicket is put down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both batsmen have left their ground, so &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-batsman-out-of-his-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29 section 2, clause C&lt;/a&gt; states that &quot;each ground belongs to whichever batsman is nearer to it&quot; hence batsman B is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T14:51:29.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-15T04:52:55.340" Score="5" ViewCount="3075" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a guard take a snap from the center if the QB or RB doesn't? Is the guard an eligible running back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12410" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T16:46:11.467" Title="Guard eligibility to run the ball" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2016-11-15T06:27:05.373" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would think this analogous to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat_formation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wildcat formation&lt;/a&gt;, in that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball is snapped to someone who isn't traditionally the quarterback&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Five players must report as eligible receivers should the not-a-quarterback choose to throw the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player's initial position isn't relevant, so long as all other positions properly report&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A guard that is declared as a guard likely can't suddenly line up as the quarterback, and if they &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; suddenly shift the formation, it wouldn't be wise; all of a sudden one's very important quarterback is now on the line of scrimmage, staring down several men who are more than capable of running right through them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12412" LastActivityDate="2016-11-15T06:27:05.373" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2016-11-15T19:46:57.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is no.  A guard cannot take the snap directly from the center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyone not on the line of scrimmage can take a snap - rules of football.  A guard is a position next to the center on the line of scrimmage so the answer is - No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A guard however can receive a handoff (not a snap) from anyone including the quarterback.  The guard can also pick the ball up off of the ground if the center chooses to leave it there (many trick play variations here).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 4: Legal Snap. A snap is a backward pass. The snap must be&#xA;  received by a player who is not on the line at the snap, unless the&#xA;  ball first strikes the ground. If the ball first strikes the ground,&#xA;  or is muffed by an eligible backfield receiver, or quarterback under&#xA;  center, it can be recovered and advanced by any player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T23:31:32.000" LastActivityDate="2016-11-15T23:31:32.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2016-11-16T11:40:59.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are asking whether a player that typically plays guard can take the snap, the answer is yes... with a real caveat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_Rule5_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rules&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;First, Rule 5, Section 1, Article 2:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PLAYERS NUMBERED BY POSITION&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  All  players  must  wear  numerals  on  their  jerseys  in  accordance with  Rule  5,  Section  4,  Article  3(c).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Such numerals must be by playing position, as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (a)   quarterbacks, punters, and placekickers: 1-19;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (d)   offensive guards and tackles: 60-79;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But second, Rule 5, Section 3, Article 1:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;REPORTING CHANGE OF POSITION&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  An offensive player wearing the number of an ineligible pass receiver (50-79 and 90-99) is permitted to line up in the position of an eligible pass receiver (1-49 and 80-89), and an offensive player wearing &#xA;  the number  of  an  eligible  pass  receiver  is  permitted  to  line  up  in  the  position  of  an  ineligible  pass  receiver, provided that he immediately reports the change in his eligibility status to the Referee, who will inform the defensive team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, combined with Coach-D's answer on how a snap must be performed, I believe this narrows it down that a person who usually plays as guard can take the snap... but only after they report as eligible (since all backfield players are eligible, and you must be in the backfield to take the snap).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That player also cannot return to playing guard until they skip a play (or a timeout, possession change or similar events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T11:40:59.307" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15004" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15006" CreationDate="2016-11-16T19:45:03.413" Score="-2" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a Roku TV and no cable. I understand this is on Fox, but I can't find any useful information on their website about what I need to buy or subscribe to in order to watch this live. I see how to watch old games with NFL Game Pass, and I see how I could watch last year's game on CBS, but nothing about this year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there some kind of online subscription or other service I can purchase (anything other than a traditional cable service) in order to legally watch the live game on my Roku TV? (I can also use Google Cast with the TV, if that helps). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12420" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T18:15:19.370" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T18:15:19.370" Title="Is there a service to legally stream football games?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2016-11-17T20:13:05.240" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5231" CreationDate="2016-11-16T20:55:10.423" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not from a FIFA competition, but from the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations (CAN), the top African football competition for national teams, organised by CAF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Togo national team suffered an attack - not on the field, but while travelling by bus. 3 dead (one staff member) and 7 wounded (2 players, 2 staff members).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team withdrew to Togo, asked for a boycott and missed the first match. Later they asked to rejoin the competition but were considered as disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later Togo was banned by CAF from the next two editions of the CAN. Togo appealed and the ban was lifted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I am summarising from the Wikipedia's articles &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo_national_football_team_attack&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on the attack&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Africa_Cup_of_Nations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on the competition&lt;/a&gt;. A three sentence summary can not explain such a complex situation, so read them, please)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not recall nor the articles make any note to any offer to delay Togo's matches for a couple of days or any compensation whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="777" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T20:55:10.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15004" CreationDate="2016-11-16T21:53:40.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After talking with a few friends, I found two options. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buy an HD Antennae and use that to watch the game on a local affiliate. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another possibility is to pick up a either an orange or blue subscription from SlingTV. The orange subscription says it will let you watch Sunday games, and the blue apparently adds Thursday night, but I couldn't find confirmation anywhere about Thanksgiving day games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as far as I can tell, the best option is the $20 antennae on Amazon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12420" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T21:53:40.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2016-11-17T14:44:06.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that this year (2016) at least that some games will be available via Twitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nflcommunications.com/Pages/2016-&amp;#39;Thursday-Night-Football&amp;#39;-Broadcast-Schedule-Announced.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://nflcommunications.com/Pages/2016-'Thursday-Night-Football'-Broadcast-Schedule-Announced.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12423" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T14:44:06.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15010" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15012" CreationDate="2016-11-17T17:47:31.843" Score="1" ViewCount="583" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ODIs where DRS is used, each side is allowed at most one unsuccessful player review in an inning. What is the corresponding rule for test cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12422" LastEditorUserId="12422" LastEditDate="2016-11-17T19:49:42.830" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T19:49:42.830" Title="Maximum number of unsuccessful reviews allowed in test cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15010" CreationDate="2016-11-17T19:12:25.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In ODIs where DRS is used, each side is allowed at most two unsuccessful player reviews in an inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is incorrect. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/580f289f4f9ad-04]%20Standard%20ODI_2016%20-%202017%20Clean.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current ODI playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Appendix 6, Section 3.5(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team is allowed to make &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; unsuccessful Player Review requests per innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). Exactly the same section in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/580f28884d0d2-03]%20Standard%20Test%20Match_2016%20-%202017%20Clean.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current Test Match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; answers your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;each team is allowed to make a maximum of two unsuccessful player review requests in the first 80 overs of the innings, and a maximum&#xA;  of two unsuccessful player review requests after 80 overs for the remainder of the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T19:12:25.890" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15015" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15061" CreationDate="2016-11-19T19:34:54.800" Score="2" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have there ever been any incidents where a player got cautioned (or sent off!?!) for a wild tackle against his own player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Tottenham-West Ham game, there was a funny quick moment in which, amidst a bout of frenetic possession changes in midfield, one Tottenham player ended up tackling another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, taking that to extremes, has a player ever gone in so recklessly upon his own player that he was issued a card?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For that matter, are there any even circumstances where it was more intentional; perhaps a player, fed up with his team's play, goes &quot;rogue&quot; and takes out his own man in frustration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, does anything in the wording of the rules regarding unsporting recklessness suggest that it should be less applicable in such self-defeating circumstances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-11-20T07:29:52.433" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T12:39:11.477" Title="In soccer, has a player ever been cautioned for offenses against his or her own team?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15015" CreationDate="2016-11-19T19:56:20.693" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know of examples where players have been cautioned for wild tackles against their own team, but players fighting members of their own team and getting sent off isn't &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; uncommon. One of the most famous examples is probably &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2005/apr/02/newsstory.sport10&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kieron Dyer and Lee Bowyer in 2005&lt;/a&gt;, but your favourite search engine will find you a lot more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-19T19:56:20.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15041" CreationDate="2016-11-19T22:35:09.197" Score="4" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referees have stopped play for a high boot when nearby opponents are challenging with their head, whether or not it there is contact. And in the past, bicycle goals have been disallowed due to the risk of injuring another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should play be restarted after these stoppages of play? Would it count as a foul, and is it cautionable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T01:13:30.760" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T23:53:55.227" Title="How should play be restarted after a player swings their boot near an opponent's head?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15019" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-20T17:47:40.343" Score="6" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my last game we were awarded a free kick; I shot the ball directly at the goal. The referee blew their final whistle while the ball was in the air; the ball then entered the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the referee do this? What are the rules regarding this kind of situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12436" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-11-20T20:54:53.680" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T03:53:53.567" Title="Can a referee end the game between a shot being taken and the ball entering the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15019" CreationDate="2016-11-20T18:48:25.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/periods-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.1 - Periods of play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A match lasts for two equal halves of 45 minutes which may only be reduced if agreed between the referee and the two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with competition rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee should only extend the half for time lost during that half due to actions listed under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/allowance-for-time-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.3 - Allowance for time lost&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Allowance is made by the referee in each half for all time lost in that half through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;assessment and/or removal of injured players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;disciplinary sanctions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stoppages for drinks or other medical reasons permitted by competition rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any other cause, including any significant delay to a restart (e.g. goal celebrations)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it also states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fourth official indicates the minimum additional time decided by the referee at the end of the final minute of each half. &lt;strong&gt;The additional time may be increased by the referee but not reduced&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To answer your question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As far as the Laws of the Game are concerned, the referee may only extend the duration of the match for time lost. Further extensions may only be made if the referee decides that further time has been lost during additional time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-11-27T03:53:53.567" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T03:53:53.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1593" CreationDate="2016-11-21T04:23:06.377" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a qb is running he becomes runner and can be hit like any other player. The play is over whether he slides feet or head first.. ( he is giving himself up) any player can give themself up.. no penalties if a defender is in the process&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12437" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T04:23:06.377" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15017" CreationDate="2016-11-21T17:58:09.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If no contact has been made with the opponent, play is restarted with an indirect free kick from where the foul occurred (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, a direct free kick or penalty kick must be awarded to the opposing team (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or penalty kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A yellow card is usually not required for dangerous play; but the referee may still caution the offender if the action is made with obvious risk of injury. However a player must be sent-off if they deny an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to the opposing team by playing in a dangerous manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T17:58:09.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1593" CreationDate="2016-11-21T19:04:54.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a comment but just too long of one to go in comments.  Both other answers are kind of right. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/1594&quot;&gt;This answer&lt;/a&gt; has the rule cited but you can look at the rule for 20 seconds and figure out that it is missing a lot of clarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules committee will certainly address the shortcomings of this rule in the offseason.  If you watched the Packers game last night (11/20/16 vs Redskins) you will note that Rodgers went head first twice and both times he was declared to have given himself up.  One of the times he got up and tried to run more... what a mess the NFL has gotten themselves into.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only is there a large amount of ambiguity on what it means to give oneself up, but there is a no frills circumvention to this rule - slide head first.   Nobody can hit you because maybe you did give yourself up and then if they don't hit you, you can get up and start running again.  Completely ridiculous.  And this is only an NFL problem, as other leagues the knee down is a down play.  To make matters worse 80-90% of the slides are by QBs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the &quot;correct&quot; answer at this point in time is that there is a rule that clearly states that a player is down at the beginning of their slide when going feet first (the NFL hasn't spotted this right all year and gives QBs 1-2 yards extra per slide).  Letter d - addressing feet first sliding - isn't even how it is called in games.  The rule says &quot;the instant a runner touches the ground&quot;.  That is not how NFL referees call it.  The runner is down as soon as he starts his slide, which affords him extra protection from being hit.  This is unarguable since there are 20 late hits a year that happen far from the runner beginning his slide but close to when the runners body hits the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the other side of this is when the QB slides head first.  This wasn't meant to be a dead ball, however to keep up with player safety and the horribly vulnerable position a player is in (head facing the defense, laying on the ground), NFL referees have in almost all cases this year declared the player as giving himself up when the QB slides head first (I simply can't remember a non-QB sliding head first that wasn't touched - please comment if there is one).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Rodgers being the smart QB he is tried to use a loophole to gain protection and then get back up.  The referees were smarter than Rodgers in both cases and declared that he declared himself down.  To me this is rather interesting because unlike the feet first slide, and to go along with the &quot;down or not&quot; ambiguity, we also have an issue with the spot of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a face first slide you are moving forward.  If you are talking about the inches of the game and not safety you certainly would want your defensive player cremating Rodgers to physically knock his body backwards.  All coaches know that if you pat a sliding player on the back, the referees are more apt to give him a few extra inches (feet) after the touch.  If you stop him in his tracks, you might help your cause by a few inches.  Then you have the QB with the ability to possibly get up because the rules don't clearly say he is down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This basically makes the referees make a both strategic and safety decision on every head first slide.  I think the NFL will continue to rule to QB down on any slide and amend the rules ASAP.  As a coach I could certainly see telling your players...  Just hover a couple yards from him after a slide and lay him out if he gets up without a whistle.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-12-08T22:26:28.603" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T22:26:28.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15028" CreationDate="2016-11-21T19:35:42.397" Score="7" ViewCount="7750" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an NBA player never played at the collegiate level, can he ever play for an NCAA Division 1 team?  Thinking about LeBron, Kobe, Kevin Garnett, etc.  Surely the NCAA prevents anyone with active professional status to do so, but what about free agents or retirees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find much more than &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/amateurism&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this NCAA page on Amateurism&lt;/a&gt;, from which I couldn't discern an answer to my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If LeBron retires tomorrow and forfeits any remaining contracts and salaries, would he be eligible to go play for a Division 1 NCAA team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T13:22:44.410" Title="Can a basketball player play in college after playing in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|collegiate|amateur|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-22T04:01:04.380" Score="5" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was thinking how hard it would be to approach DiMaggio's 56 game hit streak these days.&#xA;Not only are there defensive shifts, specialized pitchers to get certain guys out, faster overall pitch speeds, etc...but what were pitch selections like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did pitchers have two-seamers, cutters, sinkers, etc back in the middle part of the 20th century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T22:17:25.583" Title="MLB Pitch Types &quot;Back in the Day&quot;" Tags="|history|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-22T13:18:48.723" Score="8" ViewCount="711" Body="&lt;p&gt;This season could be interesting if Hamilton wins the final race of the season and Rosberg finishes 2nd or 3rd as you would have the unusual situation where the driver with most wins during the season isn't champion.  Hamilton would have 10 wins to Rosberg's 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I want to know is has this happened in previous seasons and can you give me some more detail?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware of 2008 when Hamilton won the title with 5 wins to Massa's 6 - but Hamilton actually won the Belgian GP that year but was given a penalty that handed Massa the win, so you could argue he won the most races that season.  Or at least he saw the chequered flag most times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:11:19.620" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T09:52:10.383" Title="When has the driver who won most races in a season not been champion?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15024" CreationDate="2016-11-22T15:50:39.727" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the NCAA, there are required steps in order to become a college athlete.  One of them is &lt;a href=&quot;https://web3.ncaa.org/ecwr3/ec-resources/Initial-Eligibility-Brochure-2015-2016.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;registering with the Eligibility Center&lt;/a&gt;.  In the typical situation, that’s done during grade 10 in high school.  The NCAA Eligibility Center is responsible for reviewing the Amateurism requirements you linked in your post.  The center uses the information gathered from the athlete to provide a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/student-athletes/future/amateurism-certification-initial-eligibility&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;certification of amateurism&lt;/a&gt;.  Lebron would be considered a college bound student athlete, and so…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As part of the process, each college-bound student-athlete is asked to&#xA;  answer several questions regarding his or her sports-participation&#xA;  history. This is to capture a better picture of the prospect’s amateur&#xA;  status and to identify any potential issues that might conflict with&#xA;  NCAA rules. If the answers indicate a possible violation, the&#xA;  amateur-certification staff will work with the school to determine the&#xA;  facts. If the agreed-upon facts indicate a violation occurred, an&#xA;  eligibility penalty will be imposed based on the severity of the&#xA;  violations. Penalties include repayment of money, sitting out a&#xA;  specified number of games or, in rare cases, permanent ineligibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, while there is no &lt;strong&gt;definitive&lt;/strong&gt; statement suggesting he would be ineligible, given the following eligibility review criteria from the Center,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Contracts with a professional team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Salary for participating in athletics.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prize money.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Play with professionals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tryouts, practice or competition with a professional team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Benefits from an agent or prospective agent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Agreement to be represented by an agent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delayed initial full-time collegiate enrollment to participate in&#xA;organized sports competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would suggest that after review, he would &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be eligible to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T15:50:39.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14978" CreationDate="2016-11-22T18:37:42.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The World Pool-Billiard Association has the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=114&amp;amp;pagetype=rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.4 Open Table / Choosing Groups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Before groups are determined, the table is said to be “open,” and before each shot, the shooter must call his intended ball. If the shooter legally pockets his called ball, the corresponding group becomes his, and his opponent is assigned the other group. If he fails to legally pocket his called ball, the table remains open and play passes to the other player. When the table is “open”, any object ball may be struck first except the eight ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &quot;legal&quot; shot is defined in Rule 8.2, Shot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A shot begins when the tip contacts the cue ball due to a forward stroke motion of the cue stick. A shot ends when all balls in play have stopped moving and spinning. A shot is said to be legal if the shooter did not foul during the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, pocketing the Cue Ball is a foul, under Rule 6.1, Cue Ball Scratch or off the Table:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is pocketed or driven off the table, the shot is a foul. See 8.3 Ball Pocketed and 8.5 Driven off the Table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the situation you've described, the shooter fouled since they pocketed the cue ball (Rule 6.1). Therefore the shot was not legal (Rule 8.2), therefore  the table is still open since the shooter &quot;[failed] to legally pocket his called ball&quot; (Rule 3.4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T18:37:42.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5430" CreationDate="2016-11-23T03:39:49.747" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer has now changed, see the 2022/23 revisions to the Laws of the Game. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/offside/#offside-position&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.4, Offside - Offences and Sanctions&lt;/a&gt; now states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick where the offence occurred, including if it is in the player’s own half of the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6167" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2023-03-30T22:52:48.767" LastActivityDate="2023-03-30T22:52:48.767" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2016-11-23T13:32:19.023" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1-winners.com/1967-formula1-winners.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1967&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/drivers/hall-of-fame/Jim_Clark.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Clark&lt;/a&gt; won four of the eleven Grands Prix but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/drivers/hall-of-fame/Denny_Hulme.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denny Hulme&lt;/a&gt; was the eventual champion with only two wins.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in part due to Jim Clark failing to finish four races, while Denny Hulme only failed to finish twice and scoring points in all nine other races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2016-11-23T13:39:17.373" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T13:39:17.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14855" CreationDate="2016-11-23T21:27:05.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The origins of these noises goes back to the beginnings of the games.  You simply want as much noise as possible when the other team has the ball.   In the playoffs this might be every play of the game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL has specific revisions written that allows a team to pump certain amount of noise.  Numerous teams have broken the volume/timing rules and have had to pay fines.  The generated noise helps fans get loud themselves, because they can't hear themselves - or how loud they are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What effect does noise have?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as mentioned in another answer, it is harder to call the play.  On a scale of 1 to 10 this is probably a 2-3 though.  Teams know things will be loud and they are ready for this.  Also a lot of teams use hand signals and cards to call plays.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the next thing is audibles.  Again you can use hand signals but this probably has a much bigger effect.  There is only a certain amount of things a QB can do with his hands, without giving the audible away. On a scale of 1 to 10, this is around 5-7.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;now the biggest deal and a solid 9 out of 10 is the snap count.  If you can't hear the QB, you could jump offsides.  5 yards is a big deal and a jump can stall a drive.  On the flip side the lineman might have to watch the ball and go on movement.  This eliminates the one advantage an offense has.   I have had several DL that have played for me that have a quick first step and would destroy on offensive lineman (usually bigger, slower) if they were on a level playing field.   There are players in the NFL that have made a career of jumping the snap count 5-10 times a game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T21:27:05.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14677" CreationDate="2016-11-23T21:32:29.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is one more case of a team eliminated unbeaten in the Champions League. Yet this didn't happen due to the away goal rule in the knock out stage, but after the group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Season 2002-03 AEK Athens participated in the third qualifying round and proceeded to the group stage with two wins, only to be knocked out after six consecutive draws in their six group matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they were eliminated after a total of 2 wins - 6 draws - 0 defeats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12453" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2016-11-24T08:01:14.047" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T08:01:14.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15037" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-24T23:28:23.573" Score="1" ViewCount="1051" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a football player catches the ball as he flies out of bounds but touches the end zone pylon is it incomplete or is it a touchdown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12459" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T23:53:11.807" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T19:21:19.423" Title="Does touching the pylon make it a catch?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15039" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15040" CreationDate="2016-11-25T03:55:57.507" Score="7" ViewCount="6652" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 (Fouls and Misconduct) of the IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, it states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be &lt;strong&gt;careless&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;reckless&lt;/strong&gt; or using &lt;strong&gt;excessive force&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do &lt;em&gt;careless&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;reckless&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;excessive force&lt;/em&gt; mean, and do these have any affect on other sanctions (eg. cards) that a player might receive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T08:03:45.650" Title="What do careless, reckless and excessive force mean when referring to fouls?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15039" CreationDate="2016-11-25T03:55:57.507" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1&lt;/a&gt;, the following definitions are provided for &lt;em&gt;careless&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;reckless&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;excessive force&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of careless fouls are shown &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPvOJgTvRPk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDDLorbaUek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeIbnF4olUs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an opponent and must be cautioned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rGkAS.png&quot; alt=&quot;yellow card&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who commits a reckless foul is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits in a reckless manner a direct free kick offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of reckless fouls are shown &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2jpRyVosDs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlVtSl9R7CA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;  and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-FuCqeYEz4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1 - The referee appears to give the decision to the incorrect team here.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use of force and endangers the safety of an opponent and must be sent off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3z5Lp.png&quot; alt=&quot;red card&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who commits an excessively forceful foul is sent-off for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;serious foul play, if the foul was committed whilst challenging for the ball; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;violent conduct, the foul was committed while not challenging for the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Violent conduct is when a player uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not challenging for the ball, or against a team-mate, team official, match official, spectator or any other person, regardless of whether contact is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of excessively forceful fouls are shown &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkWZyX8lmVU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0CyygfJYYs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as4t5bR7jnU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-02T04:07:36.763" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T04:07:36.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15017" CreationDate="2016-11-25T06:37:20.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such offence as &quot;high boot&quot;. However, if a player swings their boot near an opponent's head &lt;em&gt;without contact occurring&lt;/em&gt;, there are two offences that may have been committed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If contact has occurred, it's just a regular &lt;em&gt;carelessly / recklessly / excessively forcefully kicks an opponent&lt;/em&gt; offence, which results in a direct free-kick or penalty kick like most other fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;tl;dr&lt;/strong&gt; is - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the opponent is forced to not play the ball to avoid potential injury, an indirect free kick is awarded for playing in a dangerous manner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the swinging foot is a near-miss, even if the opponent has not pulled out of the challenge, a direct free kick may be awarded. Depending on the severity of the challenge, a caution or send-off may be issued.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If either of the above offences occurs and:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a promising attack is broken up, the player committing the offence is cautioned for unsporting behaviour; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an obvious goalscoring opportunity is denied, the player committing the offence is sent off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first offence is &lt;em&gt;playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A scissors or bicycle kick is permissible provided that it is not dangerous to an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen there are two elements to this offence, the first is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player does something that places either themselves, a teammate, or an opponent at risk injury&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a nearby opponent avoids playing the ball in order to avoid injuring whoever it is that has been put at risk of injury.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples of what would constitute playing in a dangerous manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A red player attempts to kick a ball at head height, close to the face of a blue player. The blue player avoids playing the ball to avoid being kicked in the face.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A red player falls on the ground, landing on top of the ball. The red player continues to lay on the ball, making no real effort to get up. A blue player avoids kicking at the ball so that they do not kick the red player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A red player dives head first at a shin height ball to play it. A blue player, who otherwise would have been able to clear the ball, avoids kicking the ball so that they do not kick the red defender in the face.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all of the above examples, the red player has committed the offence of playing in a dangerous manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As counterexamples, here are two incidents that are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; playing in a dangerous manner, but are often incorrectly called as such:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A red player kicks at a ball at head height near a blue player's face. There is no contact, and the blue player manages to get a head to it first. The blue player then loses control of the ball and begins appealing for a &quot;high boot&quot;. There is no offence, as the blue player was not prevented from playing the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A red player falls on the ground, and begins flailing at a nearby ball whilst lying on their back. A blue player rushes in and attempts to play at the ball, before the red player manages to kick it away. There is no offence, as the blue player was not prevented from playing the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee believes a player has committed the offence of playing in a dangerous manner, the restart is an indirect free kick to the opponents. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: if contact occurs, the foul must not be sanctioned as playing in a dangerous manner, and a direct free kick offence should be considered instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second offence is &lt;em&gt;carelessly, recklessly, or excessive forcefully tackling or challenging an opponent&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;tackles or challenges&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2016/17, the word &quot;challenges&quot; was added to this offence, to indicate that referees should not just be looking at &quot;tackles&quot;, but all contests for the ball. Given &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15039/what-do-careless-reckless-and-excessive-force-mean-when-referring-to-fouls&quot;&gt;the definitions of careless, reckless and excessive force&lt;/a&gt;, it seems plausible that swinging a foot within centimetres of an opponent's head as they're trying to play the ball, resulting in a near-miss, could be considered careless at the very least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other advantage of taking this approach, is that the referee does not need to wait and see if the opponent is prevented from playing the ball by the challenge. As soon as the challenge occurs, as long as it is careless, reckless, or excessively forceful the direct free kick may be awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15040/3526&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, if the challenge is careless, just the direct free kick is awarded; if reckless, the player concerned is also cautioned for unsporting behaviour. Finally, if there is excessive force, the player concerned is sent-off for serious foul play (assuming it was a challenge for the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No matter which solution the referee uses to deal with players swinging boots near an opponent's head, the tactical nature of the offence (as with any offence) should be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offence breaks up a promising attack, the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offence results in an obvious goalscoring opportunity being denied, the player is sent-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits a foul or handles the ball to interfere with or stop a promising attack&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the opponents’ goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T23:53:55.227" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T23:53:55.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13749" CreationDate="2016-11-25T08:16:10.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could theoretically get semi-dry shorts but not full dry. I've never seen any though. By the time you're on shorts you might as well go for neoprene and accept that you're getting wet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10604" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T08:16:10.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2016-11-25T08:35:16.107" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A similar case happened during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 season&lt;/a&gt;, where five drivers (Didier Pironi, John Watson, Alain Prost, Niki Lauda, Rene Arnoux) shared the most number of wins with two wins each, while the eventual champion (Keke Rosberg) only had one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The circumstances behind the championship were quite bizarre, though, as Pironi suffered a career-ending accident during the German GP, five races before the end of the season. Before then, he was leading the championship comfortably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compared to the multiple retirements and non-scoring finishes shared between the multiple race-winners, a consistent points haul throughout the season by Rosberg played a huge part in his title victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T08:35:16.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13781" CreationDate="2016-11-25T10:14:40.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you need to set up &quot;rockering&quot;. It's when outside wheels are less then inside. This will increase your maneuverability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like (76mm 80mm 80mm 76mm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will need time to get used to. Improve your balance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only then practice with basic elements such as &quot;monoline&quot;, &quot;criss-cross&quot;, &quot;one foot&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12465" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T10:14:40.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15048" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15050" CreationDate="2016-11-25T19:33:44.147" Score="10" ViewCount="12105" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before you immediately say 'yes', let me explain why I asked this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Law 11, a defending player who leaves the field of play for any reason shall be considered to be positioned on their goal line or touchline for the purposes of offside. When it comes to attacking players, it is only said that they can step or stay off the field of play not to be involved in active play, but if they re-enter from the goal line they may be penalised for offside (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.4&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the Laws say nothing about &lt;strong&gt;an attacking player leaving the field of play as part of play.&lt;/strong&gt; It is true that Law 12 now states that a free kick can be awarded if an offence is committed off the field of play provided the player left it as part of play, but it only refers to (physical) offences committed against another player (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4&lt;/a&gt;), so offside is not counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new wording of Law 11 makes things even worse. The old &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015/16 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; read that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is NOT in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• he is &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in his own half of the field of play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the new &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-position&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016/17 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• any part of the head, body or feet is &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in the opponents’ half&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a huge difference between the two paragraphs: the old one allowed a player to be in an offside position off the field of play (because, indeed, he was not in his own half), whereas the new version implicitly denies that eventuality because any point that is not on the field of play is logically not part of the opponents' half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, here are my questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what should a referee do if an attacking player, who leaves the field&#xA;of play as part of play and is in an offside position at the moment&#xA;the ball is played to him by a teammate, re-enters the field of play&#xA;to play the ball — or stays off the field of play to commit an&#xA;offside offence there (e.g. if the player interferes with an opponent by making an&#xA;obvious action that clearly impacts on the opponent's ability to play&#xA;the ball)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the player is penalised for offside, where does play restart from?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T04:42:07.403" Title="Could a player be in an offside position off the field of play?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15049" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-25T19:41:27.380" Score="2" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO2ILLMWEKs&amp;amp;t=4m30s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; you can see the Eagles punting the ball away on 2nd down and 40. Randall Cunningham punts the ball into the back of one of his offensive linemen and the ball pops up in the air but continues to travel downfield. The Redskins field the punt and return it for a few yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand is why this isn't considered a 0-yard &quot;illegal touching&quot; penalty. Normally when a punt is touched by a member of the kicking team, the return team has the option of taking the ball at the spot where it was touched. This is the process by which a kicking team &quot;downs&quot; a punt. So why couldn't the Redskins have taken the ball at the spot where it hit the offensive lineman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T04:52:14.857" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T04:52:14.857" Title="Why weren't the Eagles penalized for illegal touching on this quick kick in 1986?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15048" CreationDate="2016-11-26T00:28:47.387" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a common problem with the 2016/17 Laws of the Game. The entire document was rewritten, and this was rushed through without seeking feedback from the global community of players, managers, referees and other officials for an extensive period, so contradictions occur, or entire sections appear unclear. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An attacking player may step or stay off the field of play not to be involved in active play. If the player re-enters from the goal line and becomes involved in play before the next stoppage in play, or the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside their penalty area, the player shall be considered to be positioned on the goal line for the purposes of offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a massive change in how &lt;em&gt;offside position&lt;/em&gt; is determined for attackers leaving the field of play, with very little explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an attacker has left the field &lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt;, this means that even if they re-enter and place themselves in an onside position, they will continue to be considered to be in an offside position (unless the second-last defender is on the goal line) until the defensive team clears the ball towards halfway, outside the penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who deliberately leaves the field of play and re-enters without the referee’s permission and is not penalised for offside and gains an advantage, must be cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Offside FAQ section&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Q6: How can an attacking player gain a non-offside advantage when returning to the field of play?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player could come back onto the field of play without the other team being aware and then receive a pass or make a challenge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that if a player who has left the field deliberately re-enters the field of play and involves themselves in active play before the ball has been played by the defending team towards halfway, out of the penalty area, and they are &lt;em&gt;not penalised for offside&lt;/em&gt;, they must be cautioned for re-entering the field of play without permission. If this occurs, an indirect free kick is awarded to the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, an attacker who &lt;em&gt;accidentally&lt;/em&gt; finds themselves carried off the field by a natural playing movement (e.g. a challenge by an opponent, or their momentum from a run) is not affected by either of these restrictions, provided that they re-enter the field in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The restart location is no longer a point of contention, as this has been simplified in the 2016/17 Laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick where the offence occurred, including if it is in the player’s own half of the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means, the indirect free kick is taken from where the offside player touches the ball, or otherwise interferes with an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an offside-positioned, attacking player off the field somehow manages to interfere with an opponent (I see this as fairly unlikely), an indirect free kick is awarded on the field of play, closest to where the offence occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/offside/chapters/offside-infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an attacking player remains stationary between the goalposts and inside the goal as the ball enters the goal, a goal must be awarded unless the player commits an offside offence or Law 12 offence in which case play is restarted with an indirect or direct free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... However, if a player leaves the field of play as part of play and commits an offence against another player, play is restarted with a free kick taken on the boundary line nearest to where the offence occurred ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/free-kicks/chapters/procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 13.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... free kicks for offences involving a player entering, re-entering or leaving the field of play without permission are taken from the position of the ball when play was stopped. However, if a player leaves the field of play as part of play and commits an offence against another player, play is restarted with a free kick taken on the boundary line nearest to where the offence occurred ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this puts the restart location inside the goal area, the restart may be taken from any point within the goal area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/free-kicks/chapters/procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 13.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... free kicks to the defending team in their goal area may be taken from anywhere in that area ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T04:42:07.403" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T04:42:07.403" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15056" CreationDate="2016-11-26T14:44:16.720" Score="4" ViewCount="1372" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2016, Roger Federer missed a Grand Slam for the first time in his career, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_French_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Open&lt;/a&gt;. This was the first Grand Slam he had not competed in since the since &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;, i.e. 65 straight Grand Slams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a record? If it is, then what is the next highest number of consecutive slams played without a withdrawal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12470" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-17T15:54:18.547" LastActivityDate="2022-05-22T14:05:41.090" Title="Is Roger Federer's 65 consecutive Grand Slams a record?" Tags="|tennis|records|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15049" CreationDate="2016-11-26T19:38:12.333" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the lineman who was hit by the ball during this play was not beyond the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Eagles lineman #63 was behind the line of scrimmage when hit by the ball, then Article 9-2-1 (Touching Behind the Line) would apply which legalizes contacting a kicked ball before it crosses the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL Rule 9-2-1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TOUCHING BEHIND THE LINE.&#xA;   Any touching of the ball behind the line of scrimmage by a kicking team player&#xA;  is legal, even if the ball has crossed the line and returns behind the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A first touching penalty would only apply if the kicking team player who makes contact with the ball is beyond the line of scrimmage in accordance with the NFL Rulebook Article 9-2-2. (First Touching Beyond the Line):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. FIRST TOUCHING BEYOND THE LINE. “First touching” is when a player of the kicking team touches a&#xA;  scrimmage kick that is beyond the line of scrimmage before it has been touched by a player of the receiving team beyond the&#xA;  line. If the ball is first touched by a player of the kicking team, it remains in play. First touching is a violation, and the receivers&#xA;  shall have the option of taking possession of the ball at the spot of first touching, provided no penalty is accepted on the play,&#xA;  or at the spot where the ball is dead. First touching does not offset a foul by the receivers; if there is a foul by the receivers that&#xA;  is enforced, either before or after the first touching violation, the violation is disregarded, and the penalty is enforced as&#xA;  customary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12105" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T19:38:12.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15053" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-26T20:58:06.267" Score="1" ViewCount="888" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is deflected from the bat onto the batsman's legpad and then gets caught by the keeper, are they out, if the ball does not touch the ground before it is caught?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12471" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-11-27T05:22:04.803" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T12:11:20.793" Title="Is a batsman out if the ball is caught after deflecting from their equipment?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15053" CreationDate="2016-11-26T21:32:29.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out caught. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-caught-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 32&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, touches his bat without having previously been in contact with any fielder, and is subsequently held by a fielder as a fair catch, as described in 3 below, before it touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no mention in any of Law 32 that means a catch is not a fair catch if it touches the batsman's pad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T21:32:29.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15037" CreationDate="2016-11-26T22:32:14.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would only be considered a touchdown if the player catching the ball is deemed to be '&lt;em&gt;in control&lt;/em&gt;' of the ball as it crosses (touches) the pylon. Also, in the NFL, the player must have two feet firmly established inbounds before going out of bounds, while in NCAAF, the player only needs to have one foot established inbounds. If the player doesn't get the appropriate amount of feet in bounds AND establish (what the referees believe to be) control of the ball, then a touchdown is &lt;em&gt;generally&lt;/em&gt; not awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about &quot;Completing the Catch&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/completing-a-catch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here on the NFL Operations website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T22:32:14.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15051" CreationDate="2016-11-27T00:43:39.950" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Federer#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roger Federer&lt;/a&gt;'s 65 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments (2001 US Open - 2016 Australian Open) was indeed a record at the time of posting this question. Since then he was surpassed by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliciano_L%C3%B3pez#Performance_timelines&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Feliciano López&lt;/a&gt; with 79 (2002 French Open - 2022 Australian Open), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Verdasco#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fernando Verdasco&lt;/a&gt; with 67 (2003 Wimbledon - 2020 Australian Open) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Seppi#Performance_timelines&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andreas Seppi&lt;/a&gt; with 66 (2005 Wimbledon - 2022 Australian Open).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should be able to find a list which is up to date in the Wikipedia article linked below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_related_tennis_records#Participation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Grand Slam related tennis records&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia (link to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grand_Slam_related_tennis_records&amp;amp;oldid=747362521#Singles_participation_(all_time)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;revision from 2016&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grand_Slam%E2%80%93related_tennis_records&amp;amp;oldid=1088357631#Participation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;revision from 2022&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Roger_Federer#Open_Era_records_-_Grand_Slams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of career achievements by Roger Federer&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia (link to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_career_achievements_by_Roger_Federer&amp;amp;oldid=750436859#Open_Era_records_-_Grand_Slams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;revision from 2016&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/djokovic-scouting-report-wimbledon-2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Djokovic Set To Defend Wimbledon Title&lt;/a&gt; - June 2016 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/djokovic-scouting-report-wimbledon-2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/wimbledon-2015-preview-sharko-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Federer, Big Four Looking To Reach New Heights At Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt; - June 2015 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/%2A/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/wimbledon-2015-preview-sharko-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jul/04/feliciano-lopez-secret-wimbledon-diary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon diary: Feliciano López reveals secret of playing long game&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180917144248/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jul/04/feliciano-lopez-secret-wimbledon-diary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/news/roland-garros-2022-tuesday-qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lopez Falls In Roland Garros Qualifying As Grand Slam Streak Ends&lt;/a&gt; - May 2022 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20220522140640/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/roland-garros-2022-tuesday-qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-05-22T14:05:41.090" LastActivityDate="2022-05-22T14:05:41.090" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2016-11-27T00:43:39.950" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15053" CreationDate="2016-11-27T00:51:57.067" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless the ball is illegal for any reason, and it hasn't touched the ground between bat and catching fielder, then the batsman is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12473" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T00:51:57.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3898" CreationDate="2016-11-27T07:20:52.113" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone seems to be referencing the old rules or regional rules but in international FIVB Volleyball double hit would only be called if you make 2 attempts at playing the ball, so yes it's allowed to slip through your fingers and bounce of but in the end it's up to the ref, the kicking example is slightly more controversial because you may have planned to create that bouncing impact and in that case it's the refs decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: I was taught this by a New Zealand Volleyball ref who is being reviewed to become an official FIVB international ref.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12475" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T07:20:52.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15059" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-27T07:51:47.557" Score="6" ViewCount="6357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a cricket rule which states a maximum distance of how far down the pitch a batsman can stand to face the bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12476" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-07T18:11:39.957" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T18:11:39.957" Title="What are the limits on where a cricket batsman can stand in front of the stumps?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2016-11-27T08:28:14.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no Law which specifies this, with the possible exception of anything to do with obstructing the field; the Laws of Cricket are in fact remarkably vague on what the striker may and may not do - it's self regulating by the fact that doing anything &quot;strange&quot; (e.g. standing half way down the pitch) will generally result in the batsman getting out very quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T08:28:14.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15015" CreationDate="2016-11-27T14:52:27.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wise referee will keep out of incidents - tackles or otherwise - between teammates unless it is so egregious that it rises to the level of violent conduct. It isn't explicitly written in the Laws of the Game, but it's implied by the wording that referees should not be taking action if a tackle or challenge for the ball puts a teammate at risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;commits in a reckless manner a direct free kick offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is impossible to commit a direct free kick offence against a teammate. This is because, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1&lt;/a&gt;, it states that all direct free kick offences (except for deliberately handling the ball) must be committed against an opponent&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this rules out a caution, the sending-off offence for challenges for the ball, serious foul play should be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of &lt;strong&gt;an opponent&lt;/strong&gt; or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any player who lunges at &lt;strong&gt;an opponent&lt;/strong&gt; in challenging for the ball from the front, from the side or from behind using one or both legs, with excessive force or endangers the safety of an opponent is guilty of serious foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this rules out both cautions and sending-offs for challenges for the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that, if the referee is of the opinion that something that &lt;em&gt;looks like&lt;/em&gt; a tackle is actually an attempt to injure an opponent, teammate or anyone else and is not a challenge for the ball, they can still send the player off for violent conduct. Take for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFc9TkKn4RM&amp;amp;t=1m53s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this challenge by Maxi Pereira in 2014 World Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;. The referee reported this send-off as serious foul play, but it could very easily have been reported as violent conduct - his eyes were on the opponent's leg rather than the ball, and he pulled back his leg in a manner that was unnatural for what should have been a simple tackle - it clearly looked like an attempt to injure the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a referee saw a player do this exact same thing to their own teammate, it wouldn't be that farfetched to see a send-off for violent conduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - Technically, there are some other ways for play to restart with a direct free kick as of 2016/17, but these aren't direct free kick offences - they're misconduct that results in a direct free kick restart, e.g. striking the referee, a substitute entering the field to interfere with play.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-11-27T14:52:27.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15067" CreationDate="2016-11-27T20:56:00.827" Score="-1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I hear about Davis cup champions I always hear about United States, Australia, England, Spain, etc. but never heard of a latinamerican country wining it. Is Argentina the first latinamerican country to win the Copa Davis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T11:13:25.413" Title="Did any other latinamerican country win the Davis cup besides Argentina?" Tags="|tennis|davis-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2016-11-28T02:10:57.080" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened a surprising number of times in the 1980s. In addition to 1982, as cited already, it also happened in:&#xA;1983 (Prost 4 wins; Piquet champion with 3 wins);&#xA;1984 (Prost 7 wins; Lauda champion with 5 wins);&#xA;1986 (Mansell 5 wins; Prost champion with 4 wins);&#xA;1987 (Mansell 6 wins; Piquet champion with 3 wins);&#xA;1989 (Senna 6 wins; Prost champion with 4 wins).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going much further back in history to what has long been the most famous example, in 1958 Stirling Moss scored 4 wins but Mike Hawthorn took the title with just 1 win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to scoring the most wins without taking the title in 1967, as cited previously, the great Jim Clark also did so in 1964, with 3 wins compared to the 2 of John Surtees, who won the title.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12479" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T02:10:57.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2016-11-28T08:08:18.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no specific limit, but there is a protected area which starts five feet in front of the popping crease, and batsmen are prohibited from damaging this area. This is covered under Law 42(14).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, though, that this doesn't prevent a batsman from taking guard within the protected area, but he's going to have to be very very careful not to damage the pitch, and in most cases the umpire will intervene early. Usually just a quiet chat, pointing out spike or guard marks, and asking that he stays outside that area. That would generally suffice - I've never seen Law 42 invoked to punish a batsman taking guard too far forward. Running on the protected area, yes - many times!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T08:08:18.237" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15062" CreationDate="2016-11-28T11:13:25.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Davis_Cup_champions#Performance_by_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Davis Cup champions&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia you can see that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Davis_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_Davis_Cup_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt; became the first country from Latin America to win Davis Cup. (Before that Argentina ended up as runner-up four times.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Davis_Cup_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mexico&lt;/a&gt; was runner-up in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Davis_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_Davis_Cup_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chile&lt;/a&gt; was runner-up in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Davis_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T11:13:25.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15068" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-28T14:02:19.683" Score="14" ViewCount="8851" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever an offense reaches the 4th down in American Football, i.e. they didn't achieve to get a new 1st down in their past 3 attempts, they're faced with basically 2 fundamentally different options. They can either play that down as a &quot;normal&quot; offensive play in order to reach a new 1st down, or they can either punt the ball or attempt a field goal, depending how far they are from the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usual strategy is to settle for a punt or field goal, unless the situation is rather urgent (i.e. you can't risk giving your opponent the offense) and/or you're confident you can make a new 1st down. What I haven't ever seen in the NFL (although, I'm only following it rather actively for about 2 seasons) is a &lt;em&gt;faked&lt;/em&gt; field goal attempt or punt and I wonder if this is even possible. What I mean is making the play &lt;em&gt;look&lt;/em&gt; like a field goal/punt, i.e. putting the special team and kicker on the field, and then having the kicker actually run (or pass?) the ball instead, trying to make a normal 4th down attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;do the rules actually allow you to fake a field goal attempt or punt&lt;/strong&gt; which you then transform into a normal play or does making a genuine field goal &lt;em&gt;attempt&lt;/em&gt; require you to go through with this and not doing so would just result in a failed field goal? &lt;strong&gt;Is there a difference between punt and field goal in this regard? Or is there a difference between various rule sets, i.e. College and NFL?&lt;/strong&gt; If you &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; technically allowed to do that to some degree in the NFL, then why isn't it done more often as a trick play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4842" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T03:37:08.053" Title="Are you allowed to fake a field goal or punt?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2016-11-28T16:29:45.140" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;A punt has no special bearing and follows the rules of football.  Meaning you must have 7 men on the line of scrimmage, the end players are eligible, the backs are eligible, you are allowed a forward pass and so on.  You can punt on 1st down if you want.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For punting anyone can do it behind the line of scrimmage.   There are several rules around what happens during a punt but more or less any player can punt, they can punt on any down, and the opposing team can return the ball or take it where it is downed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For field goals it is the same thing.  You can do it on any down and the play follows the rules of football.  Really the only difference on field goals is the place holder is allowed to stand up and become an active player in the play even though they are kneeling on the ground when they catch the ball.  This is the one allowance offered for fake field goals.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;punt or field goal can happen in any formation.  Even the traditional shotgun has led to a field goal try (last one I remember was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=2277308&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a drop kick by Flutie&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;punt/field goal does offer the kicker protection more so than any other player on any other play.  But they aren't the kicker unless they are kicking.  Also refs are much less likely to offer this protection if the play is very non-standard.  Meaning on a punt if the punter looks like he is taking off running, then pulls up and kicks it at the last second, the defender would be allowed to hit him if he was already in the act of tackling before kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;drop kicks are things too.  But that is a different question and categorized under field goal tries.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have seen punts used as a weapon - rarely and not lately.  But if you get a player who is extremely good kicker on the run, he can perform a squib pseudo-rugby kick.  If this kick hits a defender beyond the line of scrimmage, the offensive player can pick up the ball and play it.  It is an extremely dangerous play but with the right skill set could make defending the punt rather hard.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="12489" LastEditDate="2016-11-29T01:39:14.620" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T01:39:14.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2016-11-28T20:05:24.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes you can fake both.  They are very difficult to pull off but have succeeded in the past.  They are so difficult for many reasons, the first two I can think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The line-up (positions and personnel) is specific to make a kick successful and not another type of play.  For example look at how far&#xA;back the ball is sent to a kicker / placeholder compared to a&#xA;quarterback in shotgun formation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also, other teams are &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; prepared to defend against this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12485" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T20:05:24.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15076" CreationDate="2016-11-29T06:55:04.563" Score="2" ViewCount="3952" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are multiple fouls on the play against the same team, it's common to hear that all fouls are declined except for the one that results in the largest gain. Why can't the offended team accept all the fouls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are 3 fouls on the play, 2 against 1 that all count for the same yardage, logic would dictate that the first 2 penalties would offset and the 3rd would be enforced, but in actuality only the first 2 offset and the 3rd is ignored. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12492" LastActivityDate="2021-01-26T10:49:22.427" Title="Why can't multiple fouls be accepted by the offended team?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15075" CreationDate="2016-11-29T07:53:55.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the most part the rules are logical.  If there is a hold on the defense (5 yards) and a holding call on the offense, you cannot penalize the offense because their hold might have been dictated by the defensive hold.  You can go through almost any example and the logic I have will hold up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I understand where you are coming from if one team commits multiple fouls.  But double/triple/quadruple dipping on penalties would quite frankly make the game more about the refs and how they are calling fouls.  Imagine a QB like Rodgers facing a blitz.  The o-line knows it f'ed up.  So three lineman tackle the two A-gap blitzers so Rodgers doesn't get killed.  30 yards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really the answer to your question is - those are the rules.  And I am sure someone can add the NFL rules, the NCAA rules, and so on but they are all slightly different on offsetting and what can be stacked.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the NFL has implemented the rules the way they did is certainly to help offenses and to allow people to see offenses perform (stacking against the defense would provide some really short scoring drives).   Think about it like this - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;offense has the ball on the 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;defense commits 3 penalties on play for 30 yards.  1st and 10 on the 50.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;offense commits 3 penalties on play for 30 yards.  1st and 40 from the 20.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see quickly that one multi-penalty play decommissions the offense 90% of the time while if the defense does this it is just field position.  (So naturally the defense would go man press a lot and bring the house looking for holding calls, offsides, whatever - the game would be a mess)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a referees point of view, we don't try to make every call.  Every game we call is different, meaning we try to treat each team the same but a hold one week might not be a hold the next.  Also during the game we try to create the right outcome for a play.  If I see the TE hold on a sweep, we call that.  We are trying to figure out what yard marker he was at, at the hold and what happened with the rest of the play.  I cannot check to see if the other 5 lineman are holding someone.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only stacking allowed at most levels involves personal fouls.  Those are usually things that would not make the other team commit a penalty and have to be stacked or the game could get into a battle royal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion:  You have a point.  There isn't a need to start stacking penalties as a general rule but there should be a provision.  Look at what the Ravens did last week on the last play of the game.  Every player on offense tackled the defensive player around them until the kicker ran out the clock (for a safety).  It was nonsense.  In many leagues refs would use provisions around unsportsmanlike conduct to penalize the team, but the NFL does not like referees to make these types of decisions without something seriously major happening.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see this play as a good thing.  The NFL will certainly look at adding a provision or rule change.  I certainly can see the NFL doing the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;allowing a provision that allows the refs to add a personal foul to a play if there were two or more penalties and at least one was intentional.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;allowing a provision with less than 2 mins in each half that the defensive team can ask for the clock to be reset on any play that includes a penalty &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** And this has nothing to do with multiple fouls on one play but how about multiple fouls on a drive?  You know that if the Ravens have the ball at the 50 with 7 mins to play, they can keep running run plays up the middle, but always line up with illegal formation (6 guys on the line).  Play runs, defense takes the 5 yards, clock keeps ticking, next play runs, defense takes the yards, clock keeps ticking... and so on.  This mess doesn't stop until the 2 min mark.  Someone will do this soon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T07:53:55.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15325" CreationDate="2016-11-29T08:12:57.443" Score="7" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I remember correctly, the new &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Las Vegas NHL team&lt;/a&gt; will be picking third in each round of the 2017 Entry Draft and will be subject to the draft lottery as well. I have a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are the existing franchises allowed to make deals with Vegas such that they pick/do not pick a particular player from them in the Expansion Draft in exchange for draft picks?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12493" LastEditorUserId="12493" LastEditDate="2016-11-29T10:42:32.247" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T00:50:10.733" Title="Vegas NHL team and trades" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12461" CreationDate="2016-11-29T17:22:00.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not an expert, merely a viewer. But as far as I understand - as soon as the replacement player touches the ice, he is &quot;in&quot; and the other player is &quot;out&quot; even if he still touches the ice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the replacement player jumps on, the leaving player may not touch the puck or otherwise participate in the game as this will be called &quot;too many men on ice&quot; and will be penalized. That is why I believe he is counted out of the game immediately as the replacement is on ice and thus the replacement would get counted in statistics for time on ice and +/-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12498" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T17:22:00.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-29T17:43:00.360" Score="4" ViewCount="722" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a question only about the statistical representation of power plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When looking at team statistics (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihfworlds2016.com/en/statistics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;), there are numbers that describe teams efficiency in power plays and penalty killing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the linked example Denmark had an advantage 29 times and scored 10 goals thus having 34.48% powerplay efficiency. But how do they get the &quot;29&quot;? It is clearly not the amount of penalties as in the penalty killing table Canada has had 29 disadvantages while actually having earned 35 penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is obvious that a 5-man team playing 2 minutes against team that has one player sent off on a minor penalty is a powerplay, but I am concerned about some trickier cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player a (team X) is sent off for 2 minutes. After 1:50 (game time) player b (team X) is sent off. After 1:50 (game time) player c (team X) is sent off etc. Does this all counts as a single disadvantage situation? Can a team play 4v5 for 50 minutes and have only one penalty killed?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player a (team X) is sent off for 5 minutes. A minute later player b (team Y) is sent off for 2 minutes. Does team X get two disadvantage situations based on a single penalty? It would seem wrong that you have more powerplays just because a 5 minute penalty was split in half by a minor penalty on the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Edit&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this question is pretty much a duplicate, I will specify that I am interested to find the interpretation that is used by IIHF as in the linked example. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Sport/IIHF_Official_Rule_Book_2014-18_Web_V6.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IIHF rulebook&lt;/a&gt; defines some of the statistics, but does not define this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I initially asked without specifying IIHF rules because I expected that there would be a common and accepted understanding of the statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was aware of the NCAA rulebook, I just don't really believe that IIHF tournaments and different national leagues follow the NCAA definitions and there should be either the accepted or at least the IIHF definition of counting advantageous/disadvantageous situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12498" LastEditorUserId="12498" LastEditDate="2016-11-30T17:33:24.113" LastActivityDate="2016-11-30T17:33:24.113" Title="What is a single powerplay in ice hockey?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-12-01T13:45:46.647" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15080" CreationDate="2016-11-29T21:25:00.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are considered on a power play when you have the advantage of one player for any time during a game.  Whether it is 1 second, 10 seconds, or 2-full minutes, it does not matter.  So to get back to your example, where Denmark is 10 out of 29 on the power play.  This means they scored 10 goals while the other team had less players than they did on the ice.  6 on 5 does not count as a power play though.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you can earn a penalty but not be considered on a power play.  For example, you can get a major penalty where you fight against an opponent.  Both players will get a penalty in this case and no man-advantage will occur.  Still counts as a penalty.  Two players from each opposition could get minors and the play would go 4-on-4 for two minutes.  In this case, there would not be a power play opportunity.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no you would not get two power plays because of the split time on power play.  A five minute would typically be because of &quot;Boarding&quot; or &quot;Illegal check&quot;.  This would only be counted as one power play.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the wrap it up, a power play is when you have a man-advantage for any given amount of time during a game.  The NCAA statistics rules define &quot;Teams are on a power play when they have at least a one-player advantage on the ice for any amount of time.&quot; (section 8).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T21:25:00.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16343" CreationDate="2016-11-30T02:02:45.180" Score="-8" ViewCount="12935" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the formula 1 after the race finish and they interviewing the driver, they are escorted by a person recording the interview.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is that role position? And why they need it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they afraid of what driver say? Or they need a copy of the interview in case the press put something different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't be easy just let the driver use the same microphone wear during the race&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YEJEf.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YEJEf.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12500" LastEditorUserId="12500" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T15:50:05.343" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T15:50:05.343" Title="What is the role of the person escorting and recording the driver during the interview?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-06-19T17:40:14.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15083" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-30T03:45:20.607" Score="3" ViewCount="11095" Body="&lt;p&gt;When in full sprint towards your goal, you receive the ball, take a step and a half without dribbling in order to make a layup, is this traveling. You see this all the time in the college and NBA. This is considered traveling in high school. In the rule book, it does not say, you must dribble before you take your step and half to make a layup? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12502" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T10:19:26.987" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T10:19:26.987" Title="Traveling when catching the ball in motion of a layup?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15083" CreationDate="2016-11-30T04:47:57.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you say, the receiving player makes a step and a half, which I assume you mean one hard step and a second step taken to jump for the layup. Consider referring the rules outlined in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia article for traveling in basketball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the rules for the NBA (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section XIII—Traveling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon completion of a dribble, &lt;strong&gt;may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball&lt;/strong&gt;. A player who receives the ball &lt;strong&gt;while he is progressing must release the ball to start his dribble before his second step&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A second step is considered a traveling foul if the player proceeds to dribble the ball afterwards. However, if he is progressing to shoot, the second step is the last permitted legal step for the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://phillyref.com/basketball/travelrules.html#nfhs_ncaa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules for the NFHS&lt;/a&gt; (not taken from Wikipedia as it claims to be the same as NCAA, so a different source has been provided.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Art. 2. A player, who catches the ball while moving or dribbling, may stop, and establish a pivot foot as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. When both feet are off the playing court and the player lands:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On one foot followed by the other, the first foot to touch shall be the pivot foot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. When one foot is on the playing court:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That foot shall be the pivot foot when the other foot touches in a step;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Art. 3. After coming to a stop and establishing the pivot foot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. &lt;strong&gt;The pivot foot may be lifted, but not returned to the playing court, before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by the combination of these lines, it appears that your interpretation is correct and a second step (i.e return of the pivot foot to the court) would result in a traveling violation. I am not a basketball coach, just an enthusiast, and the way the rules read, it appears there is a discrepancy in the rules for high school basketball and NBA. Perhaps someone who has coached or worked in high school basketball or NCAA can shed more light on this discrepancy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the NCAA rules read much like the NFHS rules, yet a second step is permitted. This might be due to the refs and coaches not following this rule to the line and going by the rules of the NBA, where most of the NCAA players aspire to play anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-11-30T04:47:57.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15086" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NBA Development League, or NBA D-League, is the National&#xA;  Basketball Association's official minor league basketball&#xA;  organization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Development_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Development_League&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15087" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" Score="0" Body="Questions about the NBA Development League (NBDL)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:37:50.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15088" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The American Hockey League (AHL) is a 30-team professional ice hockey&#xA;  league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the&#xA;  primary developmental league for the National Hockey League (NHL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Hockey_League&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15089" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" Score="0" Body="Questions about the American Hockey League (AHL)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" LastActivityDate="2016-12-01T13:40:35.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15091" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-02T00:05:25.713" Score="2" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 5 feet 6 inches tall and only weigh around 111 pounds, currently I use a Nexus 1N with 77 flex, I wouldn't say I struggle to flex it, it's just hard to flex it while in motion.&#xA;Should I be in and around the 60-70 range for stick flexes? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12261" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T05:06:35.010" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T14:40:23.100" Title="Stick flex in ice hockey" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15094" CreationDate="2016-12-02T02:42:31.860" Score="5" ViewCount="2197" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing that made me curious while watching a football game on TV was the numbers that appear on the ground. For instance, there's a &quot;1st &amp;amp; 10&quot; beside one team, but there was a &quot;3rd &amp;amp; 6&quot; a few minutes prior (and I think it was beside the other team). What do these numbers mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12514" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T06:59:15.627" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T15:14:59.930" Title="While watching a football game on TV, what does &quot;1st &amp; 10&quot; mean?" Tags="|rules|american-football|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15092" CreationDate="2016-12-02T04:55:31.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;1st&quot; is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;down&lt;/a&gt;. In crude terms, a &quot;down&quot; is when a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_from_scrimmage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;play&lt;/a&gt; occurs. A play takes place when a team attempts to advance the ball from its current spot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;10&quot; is the number of yards needed to obtain a new series of downs (thus, &quot;restarting&quot; at 1st down).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a possible scenario based on your question: On 3rd (down) and 6 (yards), Team A may have gained 7 yards (&lt;em&gt;re: the first point under Rule 7, Section 3, Article 1 - see below&lt;/em&gt;). Thus, Team A is beyond the number of yards needed to obtain a new series of downs. As a result, Team A has 1st (down) and 10 (yards). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a starting point, &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#article-5.-first-down&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 3, Section 9, Article 5&lt;/a&gt; of the 2016 NFL Rulebook defines a first down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The initial down in each series is the First&#xA;  Down. If it is a charged down, subsequent charged downs are numbered&#xA;  consecutively (i.e., second down, third down, or fourth down) until a&#xA;  new series is declared for either team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is a new series declared? &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#article-1.-new-series-for-team-a&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 7, Section 3, Articles 1 and 2&lt;/a&gt; describe how for both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. NEW SERIES FOR TEAM A&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A new series of four scrimmage downs&#xA;  is awarded to Team A when the following conditions exist:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;During a given series, the ball is declared dead in possession of Team&#xA;  A while at or beyond the line to gain &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Enforcement of a foul by Team B&#xA;  results in the placement of the ball at or beyond the line to gain, or&#xA;  if the enforcement of a foul awards an automatic first down to Team A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If there is a change of possession during the down, and Team A has&#xA;  possession at the end of the down &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The kicking team recovers a&#xA;  scrimmage kick anywhere in the field of play after it first has been&#xA;  touched beyond the line of scrimmage by the receivers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The kicking team legally recovers a free kick. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 2. NEW SERIES FOR TEAM B&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A new series of four scrimmage downs is awarded to Team B&#xA;  when the following conditions exist:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Team A fails to advance the ball to the line to gain during a series&#xA;  of downs; or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a change of possession during the down, and Team&#xA;  B has possession at the end of the down, or has been awarded&#xA;  possession at the end of the down; or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is declared dead&#xA;  in possession of the receiving team after a free kick, scrimmage kick,&#xA;  or fair-catch kick.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T04:55:31.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15091" CreationDate="2016-12-02T15:54:56.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The flex of a hockey stick is very dependent on your preferences.  For your height and weight, I would say 65-85 flex would be the average.  But it also depends on your position.  For example, a defenseman will tend to have a stick with more flex since a defenseman tends to take more snapshots then a forward.  A forward usually likes to have some whip on a stick to take quick wrist shots.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should try it for yourself and see what kind of flex, curve, and grip you are more comfortable with.  For example, a CCM stick is more round whereas a BAUER stick is more square.  Just see what grip you prefer and what type of stick elevates your game the most.  Once you have found that out, you should try to stick with the same brand and maybe change your flex as you get stronger. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T15:54:56.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-02T22:12:00.663" Score="4" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PS2pJpvm9Oc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shaqtin example&lt;/a&gt;  at 1:40 into video, Portland player 11 Leonard takes a rebound, drops passes to no one and picks the ball and then immediately passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Pass to no one, is just a dribble. Leonard picks the ball up after it bounces, so valid dribble. He didnt dribble prior and he disposes the ball immediately after regaining the ball in 2 hands. No double dribble , no travel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that a violation ?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T21:54:41.617" Title="NBA violation , drop pass, regain and pass" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12349" CreationDate="2016-12-02T22:26:17.743" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIBA and NBA are essentially the same on the point of accidentally scoring in your own basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIBA Rules state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16.2.2.&lt;/strong&gt; If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team’s basket, the goal counts 2 points and shall be recorded as having been&#xA;  scored by the captain of the opposing team on the playing court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if you deflect a ball during a shot, rebound or pass and the ball goes in your own basket, the field goal counts as 2 points for your opponents.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXtWVm4vRvk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXtWVm4vRvk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8QhF5SKVFo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8QhF5SKVFo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6SA4v719lM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6SA4v719lM&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even forgetting which basket is your own, and scoring the wrong basket still counts 2 points for the opponents.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aj-omMYoTo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aj-omMYoTo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRTqml_hL_c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRTqml_hL_c&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastEditorUserId="11802" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T22:31:26.737" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T22:31:26.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15101" CreationDate="2016-12-02T23:00:39.187" Score="3" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a picture of Polish football fans holding banners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BznIm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BznIm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the name of these kind of banners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3322" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-03T01:16:38.730" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T01:16:38.730" Title="What are these banners better called or know as?" Tags="|football|terminology|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15100" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-02T23:14:48.697" Score="1" ViewCount="7675" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I hit the ball and it travels beyond the surface line of the table, where my opponent takes the ball directly on their bat, who loses the point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;me, for not returning the ball to their side of the table&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;them, for hitting the ball &quot;on the full&quot;, before it has bounced on their side&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12521" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-03T01:19:55.197" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T06:14:20.693" Title="Ball hit too far, opponent hits back on the full: who loses the point?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15099" CreationDate="2016-12-02T23:31:12.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarf#Sport&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;scarf&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (English); Or &quot;cachecol&quot; (Portuguese, as myself and the guys on wikipedia's picture :-), from the French &quot;cache-col&quot; (to cover the neck), also &quot;écharpe&quot; (French)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually you do wear them around the neck, or may waive it as a flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="777" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T23:31:12.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15100" CreationDate="2016-12-03T06:14:20.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Returning the ball before it makes contact with the surface is called volleying in table tennis. I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-rule.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article on volleying&lt;/a&gt; which does a great job of explaining the rule for points awarded for a volley. The exact rule regarding volleys has been mentioned in the article but I have decided to add an excerpt of the explanation of the rule here, which is much easier to comprehend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there's a chance that the ball might hit the table tennis table because it's still travelling &lt;strong&gt;towards it&lt;/strong&gt;, your opponent would lose the point if he prevented it from doing so by volleying and/or obstructing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball has already passed over the table and/or is travelling &lt;strong&gt;away from the table&lt;/strong&gt;, your opponent wins the point whether he volleys and/or obstructs it or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crucial criterion is whether the ball was going to make contact with the table or not before your opponent volleyed it. In your case, it seems it was not going to make contact with the table, so the point is awarded to your opponent even if he volleys the ball on or off the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T06:14:20.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2016-12-03T12:59:52.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the various instances I cited above, I forgot another one that has been regarded for many years as a classic example: 1977, when Andretti scored 4 wins but Lauda took the title with 3. It's seen as a classic example because Andretti was in the season's outstanding car (the Lotus 78, Colin Chapman's first foray into ground effect, which he would perfect the following year with the Type 79), but he also had a large number of reliability issues and in fact would ultimately finish only third in the championship, while Lauda concentrated on racking up the points in his less advanced but more reliable Ferrari 312T2. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Formula_One_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Formula_One_season&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12479" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T12:59:52.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14357" CreationDate="2016-12-03T13:53:43.763" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're nominated by the FIA. Most of them have to be FIA Super License holders and one steward must be from the nation hosting the Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a link to the rules: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Officials.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Officials.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2016-12-05T04:13:57.370" LastActivityDate="2016-12-05T04:13:57.370" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:05:11.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Across all these examples, there are basically two distinct types: first, the ones such as Lauda in '77 where a driver is not in the best car but gets the maximum possible out of it and wins the title through stealth (the absolutely supreme example of this is usually considered to be Prost in '86, when his McLaren MP4/2 was a three-year-old design but he beat the drivers of the dominant Williams-Honda to the title). The other, less well-regarded type is where the world champion takes the title with fewer wins than his own team-mate. The reasons are variable but reliability usually plays a part. In this respect, Lauda's '84 title was less impressive than his '77 one, as he had 2 wins fewer than his McLaren team-mate Prost, but fewer reliability issues. The worst example is probably Piquet in 1987, who only won half the number of GPs won by his Williams team-mate Mansell but had considerably fewer reliability issues and also got away with various mid-race spins and other driving errors. Even the three wins Piquet managed were all inherited, despite having the most dominant car, but he still took arguably the luckiest title in F1 history! It puts the arguments about Rosberg's this year into perspective although Nico's title does undoubtedly fall into this second less impressive category.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12479" LastEditorUserId="12479" LastEditDate="2016-12-04T10:56:35.673" LastActivityDate="2016-12-04T10:56:35.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13017" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:06:32.870" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spent a lot of time in the mountains of Austria in years past, snowboarding. In my experience I've seen a lot more snowboarders with serious back injuries than skiers. That may be because of the greater potential for catching a backside edge and going down back-first, but may also be because I surrounded myself with more snowboarders than skiers (maybe a selection bias issue). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wore one of the plastic cockroach style back protectors for a while but found that it served little more than to limit confidence in my mobility, which, on occasion, got me in more trouble than I would have been otherwise. I am a staunch supporter of wearing a helmet (&lt;strong&gt;ALWAYS wear a helmet&lt;/strong&gt;), but unless you are just getting into park riding or big back-country riding, I would skip the back protector. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certainly &lt;strong&gt;studied merits to the effectiveness of back protectors, and I would recommend them to young, developing riders&lt;/strong&gt; in certain instances, but accidents like the one you address are such freak accidents that the outcome would likely be unchanged with an additional piece of gear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I DO wear however, are my old lacrosse rib pads as I've found my ribs to be of greater concern than my back and have suggested those to friends on more occasions than a back protector.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:06:32.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12987" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:18:36.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always found that having my bindings set slightly back on the board (leaving you with more tip length than tail length) makes a big difference in deeper powder. It gives you a little more confidence in being able to keep your nose out of the powder and &quot;hydroplane&quot; (&quot;snowplane&quot; ?) on the surface. I always rode the Burton EST bindings on the rail system whenever I could so I could shift them just slightly without much effort. You can always have a separate board set up for powder but that kind of requires you to commit to one or the other for the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, whereas you want to keep your weight a little bit forward on groomed slopes, you want to shift your weight slightly backwards in your stance. Nothing extreme, because that will also yield problems, but only as much as you would shift forward on groomed stuff. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last thing that's helped me, and I'm not sure its a common thing or just something I've come across, if you start feeling yourself sinking in, do a gentle dip-and-jump thing. Kind of mimicking the motion you would do to start your spring at the end of a diving board. I think it sort of compacts the snow under you just slightly, ushering your board back up over the top of that and back up around the surface. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most importantly in powder however, is be sure of your terrain under the surface. Powder is a ton of fun and a great place to learn (always nicer dumping it backwards in powder than on packed down slopes). Just know it's a lot different from hoping off a chairlift and bombing the main lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:18:36.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:25:50.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Work your way into tight areas.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Go find some trees with a good bit of space between them, where you can start getting used to the flow of picking a side and how hard to cut into each one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gradually move into areas where the trees are tighter together. &lt;strong&gt;If things get hairy&lt;/strong&gt;, don't try and come to a stand-still, you'll wind up hitting something anyway while you're out of position, which winds up being even worse. Instead, &lt;strong&gt;focus on going left or right of every tree&lt;/strong&gt; (whichever you're more confident with or whichever works with the flow you're in). If you just focus on doing that &lt;strong&gt;you'll eventually wind up bleeding off enough speed&lt;/strong&gt; to regroup or come to a stand still.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And definitely wear a helmet!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:25:50.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3368" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:29:49.280" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd go with the &lt;strong&gt;biggest one you can find so you can jam a ton of extra stuff in there&lt;/strong&gt;, which winds up being incredibly helpful come travel-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus, I've &lt;strong&gt;stitched a second grab handle onto the bottom of some of my wheelie bags, right at the level where my board would end inside of the bag&lt;/strong&gt;. That lets me roll up the extra length if I don't need it and still have a smaller wheelie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:29:49.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:36:07.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short Answer:&lt;/strong&gt; Something with a &lt;strong&gt;twin-tip and standard camber&lt;/strong&gt;, but I'd spend the real money on your bindings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Twin tip feels a little more natural than a directional, and the rentals you've been using are most likely conventional camber. The camber on things like Skate Bananas are AWESOME but might be an extra learning curve you don't need when you're just building confidence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get a couple ideas of what you like style/characteristic wise, then go cruise some rental places and see if they have any of them you can ride.&lt;/strong&gt; I hated on Burton Customs HARD back in the day when they had the block stripe design and they were coming out with the rail binding system. Resisted buying one for a long time but once I rode it, it felt great and couldn't fight it anymore. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definitely focus on your bindings though. Good one's make you feel like the board just grew out of your heels, bad one's will make it feel like you super-glued a 2x4 to your shoes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:36:07.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7362" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:40:57.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I'm 6'4&quot;, 250.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get a wide board, that's a few inches longer than you normally would. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;wide board is most important&lt;/strong&gt; (size 14's have this tendency to hang over the edges a little, imagine that). I just don't like having to turn my bindings way far out to feel confident that things aren't going to get sketchy for me no a toe-side turn (or heel-side for that matter). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also opted for boards with a &lt;strong&gt;stiffer flex&lt;/strong&gt;, only because with more weight on top of it, it will wind up feeling like what a standard flex feels like to lighter guys. More pop!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otherwise, you should be pretty much fine&lt;/strong&gt;. Just enjoy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:40:57.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12902" CreationDate="2016-12-03T14:44:54.530" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whenever you go to buy boots, bring two of your thickest pairs of wool socks. Throw them on, get your foot inside the boot and shift around.&lt;/strong&gt; I've found that if they fit me really well with that, they wind up fitting really well with a nicer snowboard sock or just wool socks. &lt;strong&gt;Enough room not to rub or be uncomfortable in a hard toe-side turn, but not so much room that you're sloshing around in them.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T14:44:54.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15113" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15114" CreationDate="2016-12-04T00:43:30.433" Score="6" ViewCount="3357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked into the UEFA rules for deciding which team is ranked higher in case they're tied on points, however this wording confuses me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches,&#xA;the following criteria are applied in the order given to determine their rankings:&#xA;&#xA;a. higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the&#xA;teams in question;&#xA;b. superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in&#xA;question;&#xA;c. higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams&#xA;in question;&#xA;d. higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played&#xA;among the teams in question;&#xA;e. if, after having applied criteria a) to d), teams still have an equal ranking,&#xA;criteria a) to d) are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams in&#xA;question to determine their final rankings. If this procedure does not lead to a&#xA;decision, criteria f) to l) apply;&#xA;f. superior goal difference in all group matches;&#xA;g. higher number of goals scored in all group matches;&#xA;h. higher number of away goals scored in all group matches;&#xA;i. higher number of wins in all group matches;&#xA;j. higher number of away wins in all group matches;&#xA;k. lower disciplinary points total based only on yellow and red cards received in&#xA;all group matches (red card = 3 points, yellow card = 1 point, expulsion for&#xA;two yellow cards in one match = 3 points);&#xA;l. higher club coefficient (see Annex D).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the case in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;group A&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nSmmX.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nSmmX.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we have &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PSG - Ludogorets&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basel - Arsenal &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as the last set of fixtures. Both PSG and Arsenal are tied on points and have a chance of claiming top spot, similarly both Ludogorets and Basel are tied and have a chance of qualifying to the Europa League. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for example, Arsenal has the superior goal difference when compared to PSG (+9 vs +6), but they are second in the ranking, I'm not sure why this is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12524" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-04T01:57:31.427" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T22:58:00.813" Title="UEFA Champions League Group Stage When Even on Points" Tags="|football|uefa|tie-breaker|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15113" CreationDate="2016-12-04T02:13:07.617" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, it should be pointed out that until all matches have played, it might be impossible to apply some of the tie-breakers. For this reason, I would consider tables with only 5 matches of 6 played only as informative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example if you look at this rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;higher number of goals &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scored away from home&lt;/a&gt; in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be applied only if the teams in question have already played both matches against each other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that if we look at the table you described, i.e., Group A after 5 rounds (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Champions_League_Group_A_table&amp;amp;oldid=751186841&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;table after 5 rounds&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;final table and matches&lt;/a&gt;) we can still check which of the above tie-breakers can be applied and how the order would be decided according to them. In this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PSG and Arsenal are tied on points so we start by applying 1 to 4 to these two teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the matches between two teams both of them have 2 points and score 3-3 after two draws. Which means that tie-breakers 1 to 3 do not decide order of the two teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But the point number 4 (which I quoted above) decides between them. Since PSG played 1-1 at home and 2-2 away, based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;away goals rule&lt;/a&gt; PSG is placed ahead of Arsenal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly Ludogorets is ahead of Basel based on away goals rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add another example, have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group D in 2014-15 season&lt;/a&gt;. Borussia Dortmund and Arsenal had the same number of points. In the matches between them they both have exactly the same result - home win 2-0. So in this case the matches between these two teams do not decide the order and other tie-breakers must be applied. Since Borussia Dortmund had better goal difference in all group matches, this team won the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-10-17T22:58:00.813" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T22:58:00.813" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15115" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-04T07:31:13.910" Score="-3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, I think there is a simple answer, but my buddy and I just can't agree. If Patriots and Dolphins were both 10-6....but the Dolphins beat Pats twice...YET..the Pats had a 4-2 Divison record while Dolphins were 3-3. Who would win the Division. My buddy says Dolphins cause they beat pats twice and they both have same overall record. I say the Division record trumps the head to head. Please we need your input&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12525" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-04T07:37:52.960" LastActivityDate="2016-12-04T07:42:10.393" Title="Division Tie breaker" Tags="|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15115" CreationDate="2016-12-04T07:42:10.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are wrong. This is very clearly explained to the NFL's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;tiebreakers page&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two Clubs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. the head to head record is the first tie-breaker to be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-12-04T07:42:10.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-04T14:58:38.253" Score="5" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play tennis daily, and I sweat alot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tend to use dri-fit shirts, which are great for playing, but as they get older, they tend to smell even after they're washed. They smell great after you wash them, but once they start &quot;warming up&quot;, they begin to smell awful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tend to wash on weekends, so what can I do with these dri-fit clothes once I use them daily? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Christmas is coming, and I'll be getting lots of these dri-fit shirts and shorts, so I would like to maintain them properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12528" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2016-12-04T17:32:42.947" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T20:50:46.063" Title="What to do with my sweaty daily clothes?" Tags="|tennis|maintenance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14357" CreationDate="2016-12-04T18:14:43.550" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Officials.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1, Rules &amp;amp; Regulations, Officials&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are seven officials&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Five of the seven are nominated by FIA. These include:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the race director (currently Charlie Whiting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a permanent starter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;three additional stewards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;one is an experienced former driver&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two of the seven are nominated by the National Sporting Authority of the country hosting the race, both of which must be FIA Super License Holders&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the clerk of the course&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an additional steward who must be a national of the host nation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12529" LastActivityDate="2016-12-04T18:14:43.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15118" CreationDate="2016-12-05T04:11:50.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to play tennis 3 or 4 days a week and sweat a lot too and I live in the Phoenix, Arizona area where it's 100+ F four or five months a year so I experienced the same thing as you with my dri-ft and clima-cool tennis clothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.persil.co.uk/laundry-tips/why-does-my-washing-smell-how-to-get-smells-out-of-clothes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is something you can try that I had some good results with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Musty smells can occur if your clothing is stored in enclosed&#xA;  wardrobes that aren’t cleaned regularly or are prone to damp. To&#xA;  remove the smell, soak your clothing in a bowl of cold water mixed&#xA;  with one cup of baking soda. The baking soda will help release any&#xA;  odours that are trapped in the fabric&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2016-12-05T04:11:50.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15123" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-06T04:12:37.703" Score="-1" ViewCount="1922" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who is eligible to receive a hand-off in American football? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12536" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T13:21:42.150" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T13:21:42.150" Title="Who is eligible to receive a hand-off in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-12-08T14:28:11.790" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15123" CreationDate="2016-12-06T06:12:50.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The concept of an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eligible_receiver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;eligible receiver&lt;/a&gt; applies only in the case of a forward pass. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The person passing the ball must be a member of the offensive team, and the recipient of the forward pass must be an eligible receiver and must touch the passed ball before any ineligible player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hand-off&lt;/a&gt; takes place, the ball is not advanced towards the opponent goal line, so any player who reaches the quarterback would be eligible to take a hand-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In American football, a hand-off is the act of handing the ball directly from one player to another, i. e. without it leaving the first player's hands. Most rushing plays on offense begin with a handoff from the quarterback to another running back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by this definition, any player can legally receive the hand-off. However, if the wide receivers, center, guards or tackles fall back to receive a hand-off, it would leave the quarterback susceptible to an attack. Therefore, it is usually the running back who receives the hand-off and makes the offensive play. Oftentimes, the running back is an agile player who can successfully execute an offensive play from a hand-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T06:12:50.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14845" CreationDate="2016-12-06T19:16:08.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many players I know, including myself, use Rubber Cement.  It's cheaper than the &quot;Chack&quot; you get from Stiga, Butterfly, etc, and in my experience, seems to work just as well.  It also doesn't leave any bits of the rubber on the blade when you need to remove it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just spread a thin layer on the blade and rubber surface, let it dry, then attach them.  These are the 2 that I've been using for many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ncPJ3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ncPJ3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/loD9T.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/loD9T.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11828" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T19:16:08.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15082" CreationDate="2016-12-08T11:45:17.007" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've wondered the same thing but I think it might be in order to verify press later. That is to say, have a way of confirming or denying what a driver may have said during a post-race interview. It seems similar to what some politicians have used in past. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12523" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T11:45:17.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2005" CreationDate="2016-12-08T13:53:58.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In January 1999, all the eleven players of the team got player of the match award in a test match between WestIndies and SouthAfrica.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63823.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Match Scorecard.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fWMvt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fWMvt.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12547" LastEditorUserId="753" LastEditDate="2016-12-09T06:23:08.970" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T06:23:08.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15118" CreationDate="2016-12-08T20:50:46.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a lot of workout clothes that have not entirely disintegrated yet, which is the only way my stuff gets tossed out, so some items date back to the 1980s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Needless to say, you get a bit of perma-funk after a while.  My ways of combating that, in order of what I feel the success is - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Salt water.  Give the clothes a good rinse and wring to rinse out some of the residual sweat and residue, then soak them in hot salted water in the kitchen sink, maybe do some agitation by hand after they've sat for a little bit.  The reason why meats are preserved with salt (dry-cured ham, bacon, etc) is because the salinity kills bacteria, which is the cause of most of the stink.  After soaking I put them into the washing machine for a spin-only cycle, and then either sit/hang them out with salty residue still in there, or do a regular wash on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Baking soda.  I usually add a bunch to the washing machine tub.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Hot water washes - this is pretty tough on the fabrics, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T20:50:46.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14514" CreationDate="2016-12-08T20:54:36.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's not a correct interpretation.  If someone plays at all in the NHL, they get paid at the minimum RATE, but there are a lot of &quot;two-way&quot; contracts and movement back and forth between the minors and the NHL.  The pay gets pro-rated according to the amount of time spent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If teams were on the hook for the entire salary, they'd be much, much less willing to move player up and then back down, and this would hamper the development of talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if someone who was a veteran to the point of not being able to be moved down, but was not on a team for a while, he'd get paid at a pro-rated rate for the amount of season he plays.  I think, after a certain percentage of the season played, they're on the hook for the rest of the amount, but I'm not sure about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T20:54:36.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15133" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15153" CreationDate="2016-12-08T21:17:38.510" Score="3" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has this to say on the history of banning spitball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The spitball was banned in two stages. In the winter of 1919–1920, managers voted to partially ban the spitball, allowing each team to designate at most two pitchers who would be permitted to legally throw spitballs. Then, following the 1920 season, the spitball was banned leaguewide, except for existing spitballers who were grandfathered in and allowed to keep throwing the pitch legally until they retired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first stage looks highly surprising, but somewhat fair.  It's a way to allow some spitballs in the game but not all spitballs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second stage puzzles me.  Did this decision lead to inequality of rules between players and teams?  Was such inequality real, and seen as a problem?  Were there any considerations that made banning spitball for everybody impractical?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9677" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T19:07:53.390" Title="Why was spitball allowed to some players?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15138" CreationDate="2016-12-09T09:15:46.573" Score="5" ViewCount="10353" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to figure out which NBA players have won a high school title (any kind), NCAA title and NBA title. I think there are 9 or 10; I know the list includes Magic Johnson and Jerry Lucas, but I don't know who the other ones are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-01T16:02:45.297" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T22:02:32.110" Title="Which NBA players have won a high school, NCAA and NBA title?" Tags="|basketball|nba|collegiate|amateur|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3854" CreationDate="2016-12-09T12:03:09.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends. I could say that some successful cases would be what Red Auerbach and Danny Ainge have done with the Celtics in their history as well as the Golden State Warriors here recently with Steph, Klay and Draymond and of course the Spurs within the last decade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples where that did have some success but failed or just been failing because of a lack of experience or just tanking would be the Magic in the 1990s. They had a successful team with the draft picks that they had and build that team up to a championship contender and when their best players either left or got injured, it lost the potential of what that team could have done. I don't know if the 76ers would be revelant with this, but I know that they have had good players on that team that they could have build around and could have made a good team around that and they have been getting high draft picks, but they haven't really build around it yet and I don't think they are trying to either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Timberwolves right now should an example of them building a playoff-contending team that can eventually become a championship-contending team. If they keep up with the way that they do in the draft, that will happen and their potential will be high and they should be able to find success for years as long as everything works out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T12:03:09.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15135" CreationDate="2016-12-09T15:04:29.573" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NBA Players that won a High School, NCAA and NBA Title&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: HS titles are state titles unless otherwise noted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Gola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tom Gola&lt;/a&gt; - HS (Philadelphia Catholic League), NCAA: 1954, NBA: 1956&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Russell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Russell&lt;/a&gt; - HS (2x), NCAA: 1955, 1956, NBA: 1957, 1959-1966, 1968, 1969&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lucas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jerry Lucas&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 1956, 1957, NCAA: 1960, NBA: 1973&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Goodrich&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gail Goodrich&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 1961 (city), NCAA: 1964-1965, NBA: 1972&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Allen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucius Allen&lt;/a&gt; - HS: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyandotte_High_School#State_championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1965&lt;/a&gt;, NCAA 1967, 1968, NBA: 1971&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kareem Abdul-Jabbar&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 1964 (city in 1963, 1965), NCAA: 1967-1969, NBA: 1971, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Walton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Walton&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 1969, 1970, NCAA: 1972, 1973, NBA: 1977, 1986 &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinn_Buckner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quinn Buckner&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 1971, 1972, NCAA: 1976, NBA: 1984&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Johnson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Earvin &quot;Magic&quot; Johnson&lt;/a&gt; - HS: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_High_School_(Michigan)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1977&lt;/a&gt;, NCAA: 1979, NBA: 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Rice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glen Rice&lt;/a&gt; - HS: (unconfirmed), NCAA: 1989, NBA: 2000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Terry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jason Terry&lt;/a&gt; HS: 1994, 1995, NCAA: 1997, NBA: 2011&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane_Battier&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shane Battier&lt;/a&gt; - HS (Class B): 1995, 1996, 1997, NCAA: 2001, NBA: 2012, 2013&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Chalmers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mario Chalmers&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 2002, 2003, NCAA: 2008, NBA: 2012, 2013&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasha_Kaun&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sasha Kaun&lt;/a&gt; - HS: 2003, NCAA: 2008, NBA: 2016&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Robey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rick Robey&lt;/a&gt; - HS: (Brother Martin) 1974, NCAA: (Kentucky) 1978, NBA: (Boston Celtics) 1981 &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.allexperts.com/q/Basketball-Trivia-general-2551/NCAA-Gold-Medal-NBA.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12 year old source&lt;/a&gt; gave me a head start. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2019-10-04T22:02:32.110" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T22:02:32.110" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-11-01T16:03:04.693" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15140" CreationDate="2016-12-09T22:03:48.667" Score="0" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently moved to a new city and want to join a sports team here. I have played football (soccer) for about 20 years (since I was 6), but am thinking about changing to rugby. I have gotten tired of all the complaining to the ref and to each other during football, and from what I have heard, this is much much better in rugby. Also, I think the sport would suit me. I am a very physical player in football, and rely for a large part on my strength and stamina.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I do have some hesitations. Has anyone experienced this, or are there any rugby players who know about football players that changed to rugby? What are key differences? How important is ball control in rugby? Or is it really more based on strength/stamina? Is it difficult to learn how to position yourself in rugby? Do you think the transition would be easy? I couldn't find anything about this on internet, that is why I am asking you guys. Some hints/tips would be much appreciated!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12552" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T22:49:46.500" Title="What is it like to change from football (soccer for the Americans) to rugby?" Tags="|football|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-12-11T18:20:35.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15139" CreationDate="2016-12-09T22:49:46.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frankly, they're pretty much completely different games. Football is a light contact sport where your primary skill is playing the ball with the feet, or stopping the opposition playing the ball with their feet; rubgy is a full contact sport where your primary skill is carrying the ball, or stopping the opposition carrying the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sports obviously involve some of the same physical fitness attributes, particularly sprinting ability and general cardiovascular fitness, and you say that you're physically strong which is always going to be an advantage... but don't expect any of your actual football skills to carry over: even the kicking in rugby is almost completely different due to the spherical ball, and even something like being aware of which teammates are available to pass to is different due to the offside rules in rugby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The transition isn't going to be easy, particularly if you're talking about union rather than league (union is a much more technical sport due to scrums, rucks and mauls), but that's not to say you can't make a success of it in the long run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T22:49:46.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15143" CreationDate="2016-12-10T16:31:48.283" Score="3" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FcyrL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FcyrL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What rule should I apply in a situation like this. I know i very uncommon, but I should not touch the ball. Could be the plastic be considered a mobile obstruction? The ball is clearly inside the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T11:48:18.427" Title="Ball trapped without entering the hole" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15142" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15146" CreationDate="2016-12-11T05:20:18.037" Score="4" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might not be the correct community so I can close/move my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm just curious.  Do student athletes attending religious universities need to be of that faith?  I can think of several universities (BYU, Notre Dame, Liberty, etc.) which are religious but I'm curious if they need to be of that faith.  If the school limits that all students/student athletes are of that faith, that would limit the pool of athletes they could recruit, which would put them at a competitive disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T19:08:24.340" Title="Do athletes attending religious colleges (BYU, ND, etc.) need to be of that faith?" Tags="|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15141" CreationDate="2016-12-11T05:40:36.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Applying &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/rules/rules-and-decisions.html#!decision-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Decision 16/2&lt;/a&gt; from the USGA Rules of Golf, this is considered holed (although it doesn't fit the definition of holed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16/2 Ball Embedded in Side of Hole; All of Ball Below Lip of Hole&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q.A player's ball embeds in the side of a hole. All of the ball is below&#xA;  the level of the lip of the hole. What is the ruling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A.The ball should be considered holed even though all of the ball is&#xA;  not within the circumference of the hole as required by the Definition&#xA;  of &quot;Holed.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definition of &quot;Holed&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ball is &quot;holed&quot; when it is at rest within the circumference of the&#xA;  hole and all of it is below the level of the lip of the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T05:40:36.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15142" CreationDate="2016-12-12T01:50:05.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is no, students do not need to be of that faith.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is true about the &quot;religious&quot; colleges is that they are sponsored by churches of that faith. And perhaps &quot;faith&quot; is a &quot;tiebreaker&quot; when choosing between applicants. As a practical matter, good athletes are scarce enough so that &quot;athlete&quot; trumps &quot;faith.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the U.S. government will not provide Federal funding to schools that limit enrollments to one faith. One college, Bob Jones University, tried to impose certain (non-religious) limitations on enrollment, and lost its Federal funding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T19:08:24.340" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T19:08:24.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-12T03:05:01.600" Score="1" ViewCount="52733" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the third number in a NFL team's record stand for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12556" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-12-12T04:09:21.727" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T07:11:30.297" Title="What does the third number in a NFL team's record stand for?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15147" CreationDate="2016-12-12T04:20:00.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ties. This happens when both teams end overtime with the same score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-overtime-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Overtime Rules&lt;/a&gt; explicitly state this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the score is still tied at the end of the overtime period, the&#xA;  result of the game will be recorded as a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL.com &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings?category=div&amp;amp;season=2016-REG&amp;amp;split=Overall&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;standings&lt;/a&gt; label the third column &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T04:20:00.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15147" CreationDate="2016-12-12T04:24:59.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American sports, such as American football played in the NFL, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winning_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three numbers generally represent wins-losses-ties&lt;/a&gt;. So a record of 36-20-1 means 36 wins, 20 losses and 1 tie. The exception to this is ice hockey in the NHL, in which the third number refers to overtime losses (since ties are no longer possible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forums.redpatchboys.ca/showthread.php?31735-Win-Draw-Loss-or-Win-Loss-Draw-Pick-one-already!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;As shown on this Toronto FC supporters' forum post&lt;/a&gt; (an association football club in the MLS), this may lead to confusion for followers of European sports, as in Europe, the record is normally given as wins, draws and losses - i.e. a record of 50-5-40 means 50 wins, 5 draws and 40 losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie_(draw)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Note that&lt;/a&gt; in European sports, the preferred term is &lt;em&gt;draw&lt;/em&gt; (except in cricket, where both terms are used and have distinct meanings), while in American sports, the preferred term is &lt;em&gt;tie&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T07:11:30.297" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T07:11:30.297" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15142" CreationDate="2016-12-12T04:35:42.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do athletes attending religious colleges (BYU, ND, etc.) need to be of that faith?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because of federal law. BYU has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://admissions.byu.edu/nondiscrimination-statement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nondiscrimination statement&lt;/a&gt; that states the following (emphasis mine, based on your question):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... Therefore admission preference is reserved for members of the Church in good standing; however, &lt;strong&gt;as required by federal law&lt;/strong&gt; (including Title IX and Section 504), &lt;strong&gt;BYU does not unlawfully discriminate against applicants for admission&lt;/strong&gt; or employment &lt;strong&gt;based upon&lt;/strong&gt; sex, race, creed, &lt;strong&gt;religion&lt;/strong&gt;, national origin, age, or disability who meet the requirements; ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T04:35:42.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15154" CreationDate="2016-12-12T05:54:28.797" Score="4" ViewCount="2592" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious, with 2nd generation players that have come through the NBA, Has there been a NBA player who is a father to another NBA player and both have won a NBA Title and a gold medal in the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2016-12-12T12:09:47.697" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T04:23:58.550" Title="Has there been a NBA Father-Son Duos that have won an NBA Title and Olympic Gold Medal?" Tags="|basketball|olympics|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15133" CreationDate="2016-12-12T09:07:55.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It wasn't allowed for some players.  It was a rule that used a cut off date.  If you were pre-1920 and threw spitballs before, you can throw them after.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, no more spitballs.  Meaning the last time a spitball was legally thrown was probably around 1935 given there was a younger spitballer in 1919.  Since then it has been banned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't mean it wasn't thrown, it just means it wasn't thrown legally.  There have been a number of players that have made their careers on spitballs.  One of their key traits was the ability to throw it and not get caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rules all over sports exactly like this.  For instance in baseball and hockey the playing with a helmet was not forced outright to vets who had played without.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the spitball usefulness this is directly related to the spin rate of the ball.  With a substance that makes a ball slippery a player can achieve a much better spin rate.  This will account for any type of curve/breaking ball having a more drastic turn (whatever way it will turn).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T19:07:53.390" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T19:07:53.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15152" CreationDate="2016-12-12T10:09:17.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Disclaimer: Wikipedia lists cannot be considered the ultimate reference, although my limited research has shown no discrepancy in case of this record.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_second-generation_National_Basketball_Association_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Wikipedia list&lt;/a&gt; covers the second generation basketball players in the NBA, and mentions four father-son duos to have won the NBA Championship (in that order).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matt Guokas Sr. and Matt Guokas Jr.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rick Barry and Brent Barry &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bill Walton and Luke Walton&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mychal Thompson and Klay Thompson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparing that with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the list of Olympic medalists in basketball&lt;/a&gt; shows only one of those eight players has won an Olympic medal (any Olympic medal), i.e Klay Thompson who won Olympic gold in Rio in 2016. So to answer your question, there are no father-son duos who are both NBA champions and Olympic gold medalists. Interestingly, had you posed this question four months earlier, there would have been no one from a father-son NBA champion duo to have claimed an Olympic medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T10:09:17.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15155" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-12T16:32:59.903" Score="3" ViewCount="979" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, the last successful &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_catch_kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fair catch kick&lt;/a&gt; in the NFL was made in 1976 by Ray Wersching. Is there any video of this (or any) successful fair catch kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T23:50:28.590" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T16:02:35.310" Title="Is there any video of this (or any) successful fair catch kick?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15157" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-13T05:43:02.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag covers questions relating to judo, the Japanese competitive full contact martial art.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2016-12-13T14:23:57.097" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T14:23:57.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15158" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-13T05:43:02.293" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to the Japanese martial art of judo." OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2016-12-13T14:23:52.517" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T14:23:52.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13722" CreationDate="2016-12-13T23:34:39.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, no.  Spear fishing and snorkeling generally employ swim fins for propulsion because they occur mostly either underwater or when holding something in your hands.  At slow speeds, the strength in your legs with swim fins far exceeds what you can generate with your arms, so the vast majority of the time you use your legs only for propulsion while snorkeling and/or spear fishing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more importantly, your question seems to imply that you could escape some danger by outracing it.  In any aquatic situation, this is extremely unlikely.  Humans are very poorly adapted to functioning in the water and any serious threat won't be outrun, even by an Olympic swimmer.  You would quickly exhaust yourself with your gloves and become helpless in very short order.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T23:34:39.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10521" CreationDate="2016-12-13T23:47:11.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you didn't swim competitively as a youth, you likely need to start from the beginning to build a technically correct stroke.  Because water is so much more dense than air, drag from the water is the main thing keeping people slow when trying to swim fast.  Without seeing your stroke I wouldn't hazard to coach you other than to say it is very likely your technique that is holding you back, not your strength or fitness.  I would recommend getting someone to video you in the pool them compare what you see to some Olympic level talent, only from a stroke mechanics standpoint.  I would bet every aspect of your mechanics from simple body position on to the fine points of your catch, pull, breathing, kicking, etc. needs improvement.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do a YouTube search on &quot;swimming freestyle progression&quot;, you will see lots of instructional videos with specific drills to help you improve.  The answer recommending getting coaching is absolutely correct, but seeing yourself on video will help you come to the same conclusion.  It's very difficult to swim correctly without an external set of eyes to evaluate you and give feedback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T23:47:11.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15161" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-14T07:49:37.950" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The UEFA Europa League, previously called the UEFA Cup, is an annual association football club competition organized by UEFA since 1971 for eligible European football clubs. Clubs qualify for the competition based on their performance in their national leagues and cup competitions. It is the second highest club competition organized by UEFA, after the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/tags/champions-league/info&quot;&gt;Champions League&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage guidance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;/a&gt; (called UEFA Cup prior to 2009), its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can tag the question with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt; tag, if it asks/involves/implies UEFA's perspective on the matter. However, automatically tagging any question using this tag together with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/uefa&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;uefa&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;uefa&lt;/a&gt; tag is tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-12T20:45:31.173" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T20:45:31.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15162" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-14T07:49:37.950" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the Europa League, the second highest annual association football club competition in Europe." OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T13:35:06.460" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T13:35:06.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-14T11:39:19.040" Score="7" ViewCount="1010" Body="&lt;p&gt;After asking one involving college sports, I want to know if there has been an athlete who was known for excelling in different sports ever won a championship in separate sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastEditorUserId="14027" LastEditDate="2018-06-03T03:57:39.950" LastActivityDate="2022-07-11T18:19:21.900" Title="Has there been an athlete to win a College Championship in two or more different sports?" Tags="|football|baseball|american-football|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15169" CreationDate="2016-12-16T06:10:13.260" Score="4" ViewCount="1434" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played badminton for several years. When I play with advanced players, I have trouble defending because they have a very powerful jump smash. I try to defend against it but they smash very powerfully and to the edge of the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any training or guidelines for defending against powerful jump smashes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12541" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-16T19:03:16.930" LastActivityDate="2016-12-16T19:03:16.930" Title="How should I defend against my opponent's jump smash?" Tags="|technique|badminton|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-16T13:25:38.630" Score="4" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;And how does this skill vary during the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For decades we've heard the presentation that polls are biased, especially in preseason, and lazily voted on.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does empirical data generally bear this out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-16T13:34:50.013" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T23:19:20.143" Title="How skillful are major polls at predicting the winner of sports, particularly college football?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|collegiate|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15166" CreationDate="2016-12-16T15:58:34.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you should be aware that at professional levels, the (jump) smash is &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; shot to end a rally (or to prepare a kill shot). Especially in doubles, but also high-level (Men's) singles, players fight for the chance to smash downwards, i.e. try to avoid lifting as much as possible. Sometimes, &lt;strong&gt;the easiest way to defend against smashes is not lifting in the first place&lt;/strong&gt;, and rather playing flat or short. This may necessitate taking shots earlier at the net then you currently are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another aspect to watch is the &lt;strong&gt;distance and angle of your lift&lt;/strong&gt;. Analyze (e.g. via video or having a friend record) where the smash started. Smashes from the midcourt or even forecort are nearly impossible to defend against. In Men's singles/doubles, if your lift did not reach the doubles service line, then it is far too short. Additionally, look at the angle of the lift: A flat shot is both easier to hit and already has more energy. If possible, your lift should come down vertically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defensive technique begins with the proper &lt;strong&gt;footwork&lt;/strong&gt;. On your forehand side, one step should be enough for sufficiently tall players. On your backhand side, you have two options: Either a small step with your non-racket-arm foot, or stepping over (i.e. body moved away from the net) with your racket-arm foot. For smashes toward the very line, you need the latter unless you are extremely tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have three basic options for your &lt;strong&gt;shot&lt;/strong&gt;: Short, flat, and high. Unless the shot is going far to your racket-arm side, defensive shots are easier with the backhand.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In singles it is usually a good idea to play a short shot, in order to gain the attack yourself, so that you can be the one smashing. However, beware of your opponent storming to the net in order to kill your defense. It is not a &lt;em&gt;trick&lt;/em&gt; per se, but you should be able to hit longline as well as cross-court shots. The latter force your opponent to cover a great distance, and are thus usually best if you can consistently hit them.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In doubles, a short defense must be quite good in order to evade the partner of the smasher. Oftentimes, it is better to counter with a flat and fast defense that goes around the front player. If your defense is angled really flat, there's a good chance that you'll end up in a neutral or even attacking situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &lt;strong&gt;train&lt;/strong&gt; your defense, there are multiple options, depending on your level of play (and the level of skills of your coach):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make sure your footwork technique is correct by doing the footwork for far-right / far-left defenses without a shuttle. Have a coach watch you and note details, such as unnecessary small steps or suboptimal racket preparation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To get a feel for the shot, you can hit shuttles thrown to you from about 3 meters distance. The feeder should wear safety goggles, especially when you're training fast and flat defenses. You can start by defending shuttles thrown to your body and advance to shuttles thrown at the side lines.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Better, but harder than throwing, is hitting shuttles, typically from the net. The coach just pushes the shuttles downwards (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01L4QLo7AuI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;like this&lt;/a&gt;). If your coach lacks the necessary skill to hit the shots downwards in this fashion, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sSZ8kwuhY8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a machine&lt;/a&gt; can also be used. Again, you can start by defending shots to your body or the general vicinity, and graduate to shots going to the sidelines, as well as shorter/longer and with higher frequency.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally you simply defend shots in an exercise: You lift everything (or defend short to the net, after which your &lt;em&gt;next&lt;/em&gt; shot will be a lift) and your partner smashes everything downwards. It is harder to control for frequency and accuracy, but it's the only way you'll learn to read your opponent's technique in order to anticipate where and how to defend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2016-12-16T15:58:34.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15174" CreationDate="2016-12-18T03:43:42.663" Score="3" ViewCount="2780" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's College Bowl season and I'm seeing/hearing some things from the announcers that I need some clarification on.  Please note, I have never played any organized football before so all I know is from watching with my dad and friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a WR who multiple times lined up either in the backfield, in the slot, or what looks like as a wing back (and motioned out to the slot area).  The defense for some reason played him with a LB or Safety and have gotten torched multiple times because of the speed mismatch (huge gains of 20+ yds, TD catch, etc).  Why can't the defense leave a CB to shadow the guy, even if he's in the backfield, slot, wingback position?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each of the plays where he torched them, I don't know the offensive personnel package but in general the personnel package shouldn't be the problem.  If for example I see 3 WR and 2 RB, I'll have my nickel package to defend so the personnel match up shouldn't be the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: The game I am referring to is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/college-football/boxscore?gameId=400876041&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Southern Miss vs. Univ Louisiana Lafayette game in the 2016 New Orleans Bowl&lt;/a&gt;.  The WR is on the Southern Miss team.  His name is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/college-football/player/_/id/4039277/allenzae-staggers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Allenzae Staggers&lt;/a&gt;.  He's their #1 WR in all the passing categories (recs, yds, TDs, YAC) and doesn't seem like a possession receiver or 3rd string WR.  The highlights they played in the game during breaks showed he was beating man to man coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen and heard before on tv from many other announcers after a big play that it was a mismatch b/c so-and-so WR on (insert NFL or college team) was being defended by a LB or Safety and torched the defense.  I don't know what the offensive personnel was at the time for any of these plays were either but my guess is they had at least 3 WRs if some non-CB had to guard a WR but if as a defensive coordinator you see 3 WR running out, why wouldn't you trot out your nickel defense? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="1488" LastEditDate="2016-12-18T16:51:40.613" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T16:51:40.613" Title="Why are WR in the slot covered by non-CBs in American football?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|strategy|collegiate|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15173" CreationDate="2016-12-18T09:23:25.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First lets make sure that most reading this get the general &quot;standard&quot; football formation on offense and defense, set up across from each other here (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://womensfootballguide.files.wordpress.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;womensfootballguide.files.wordpress.com&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r4PmR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r4PmR.png&quot; alt=&quot;Lineup&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With some insight from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dummies.com/sports/football/defense/the-positions-in-a-football-secondary/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Dummies.com article&lt;/a&gt;, each positions is quite adapted to play certain roles: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Generally safeties have player molds emphasizing flexibility, with moderate speed, good ability to change direction, and fair strength.  This allows them to help in coverage on a wide range of pass routes, adjust to follow plays as they shift around, and yet also be able to track up inside to slow/stop running backs that break their runs through the first tier of the defense.  So, it's important to note, to fit this dynamicism, you'd generally want them to line up towards the center of the field with a large cushion to allow them to manage so many things.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Generally linebackers have player molds that are a bit more bruising, with pretty decent strength and size, but also some speed.  These guys are regularly important in stopping runs or blitzing the quarterback.  They don't usually have the speed to cover the fastest guys for longer routes without help, so you'd also tend to want them to stay towards the middle of the formation where there is more protection.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Generally cornerbacks are have player molds emphasizing speed, span, and are ideally fairly tall as well.  All this is to match up with the best receivers the other team can throw at them.  They need to be able to stick with the receivers making quick moves when playing man-to-man coverage, or roam a lot of space when playing zones.  Given that safeties and linebackers are both patterned to play the middle, and that the speediest wide receivers often play the edges since that gives them the greatest danger of breaking the other 9 guys, cornerbacks are predominantly found at the edges as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is the best way to respond if the offense elects to go to a 3 wide receiver set (replacing the fullback with a third receiver, usually lined up in the slot [somewhere inward from one of the other two wide receivers])?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pulling one of the cornerbacks in to cover the slot receiver leaves a big question mark of how to cover the receiver he is leaving.  It is unlikely anyone else on the team can match up with that receiver one-on-one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pulling a safety in leaves less protection and more room for the primary receivers or running backs to bust huge plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Linemen are usually too big and slow to be much help on a receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as I understand it, that often leaves the linebackers as often the best option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually the matchup doesn't work out to be too bad.  Because unlike the two standard receiver positions... the weak-side receiver (which generally has little focus on strength, since most runs are to the other side [where the tight end is] means this receiver rarely has to get involved in blocking)... and the flanking receiver (who usually has a lot of reliance put on size, working to give him dominance even in the tightest coverage by his single defender), the slot receiver is usually built to be pretty tough and physical.  This is so that he can take the punishment he'll often get, since he generally attempts to catch balls in the intermediate region between the line and secondary... meaning many guys will often be nearby to quickly unload big hits as soon as he catches the ball.  If somebody too light and athletic plays the slot, the general thinking is be quite prone to injury.  And also may struggle to keep possession after the catch without the strength to face the hits and hold onto the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So usually a linebacker will at least line up fairly with a slot receiver.  Whereas diverting a cornerback (or safety) to cover him usually risks big play touchdowns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, all this isn't to say the matchup is always great.  Indeed, just because it can lead to more injuries doesn't mean a team won't play such a formation!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And, as noted, linebackers really tend to be built a bit more towards dealing with the bigger guys inside and making lots of tackles.  Just a bit of a speed edge might be enough for the slot guy to reap great rewards.  Plus, the linebackers also must often help cover the tight end and running backs coming out on passing routes as well, plus contain mobile quarterbacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.denverpost.com/2010/06/01/qa-the-xs-ys-and-zs-on-broncos-receivers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This high quality Denver Post explanation&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fieldgulls.com/2012/7/17/3165517/breaking-down-the-x-z-and-slot-receiver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this equally high quality post on FieldGulls.com&lt;/a&gt; go into a lot more detail breaking down some of the different positions and matchups within the receivers and secondary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The troubles often really are more indicative of the overall team skill as well.  If you have cornerbacks that can be relied upon to hold single coverage with the main wide receivers, then your safeties can play up more.  Or if your defensive linemen can really occupy the offensive line, you can drop more linebackers into coverage, giving less room for the extra receivers.  But if those guys are struggling, more attention needs to be paid in those other areas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as you hint at, the best response often actually ends up being switching out one (nickle) or two (dime) of the linebackers for more of those faster secondary players.  If you have the preparedness and players to make those switches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this may expose other problems as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm certainly no football mastermind... but maybe the offense was running the ball well with the RBs or QB, preventing the defense from making a LB-to-DB switch, which would further reduce their effectiveness against the run (or that making the switch would fairly obviously set matchups that would unlock a previously contained run game).  Or perhaps the slot receiver was just a bit too physical for a safety or cornerback, and a bit too fast for the linebacker, given the amount of time and room he was getting to operate (in other words, the play calling was giving the QB and slot WR too much time to operate).  Maybe they just thought that the linebacker they'd take off would cost them more overall than the DB they'd put on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who knows!  But the defense was most likely making changes they thought would help contain the slot receiver, they just weren't working.  But indeed, mismatches often do seem like one of those things commentators like to obsessively harp on... even though they often really don't know the complexity behind them!  These coaches certainly weren't born yesterday, they've probably been facing slot receivers for decades!  It just didn't work out that the coaches choices or the personnel they used were as sharp as they have been on other days, and they came up against a coach/team/player that really showed it up!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2016-12-18T09:29:48.413" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T09:29:48.413" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13874" CreationDate="2016-12-19T09:04:42.870" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;toasti is correct, here you can find an (excellent) list of the most difficult sport climbing, bouldering and free solo problems (9b+/15C but also 15B/9b etc.). The spreadsheet lists sources for each first ascent (FA). It contains not only FAs but also repeats (and differentiate between proposed and repeaters' grades). Grades are French / Font:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RndNw9F74rvgvqDA1i512MwxHf7PtacojVD4s7DHVz8/edit?hl=en#gid=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RndNw9F74rvgvqDA1i512MwxHf7PtacojVD4s7DHVz8/edit?hl=en#gid=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source confirms &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/11437/toasti&quot;&gt;toasti's&lt;/a&gt; answer. &lt;em&gt;La Dura Dura&lt;/em&gt; in Oliana, Spain, is yet the only 9b+ which has been confirmed by the repeater. There are however two other 9b+ (Change at Flatanger, Norway, and Vasil Vasil at Sloup, Czech Republic) and one 9c (Silence at Flatanger) firstly ascended by Adam Ondra which have not been repeated (and for that reason have not been confirmed). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: Since I received a down vote, I want to clarify that I am not the creator of the spreadsheet nor do I know him. Yet, I think this source is an interesting link for everyone who is interested in the question asked (or similar questions).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12526" LastEditorUserId="12526" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T13:26:39.193" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T13:26:39.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15177" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15178" CreationDate="2016-12-19T10:00:04.273" Score="6" ViewCount="2114" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-appeals/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 27 of cricket&lt;/a&gt;, a batsman cannot be adjudged out unless there is an appeal for the wicket by the fielding team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LAW 27 (APPEALS)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Umpire not to give batsman out without an appeal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither umpire shall give a batsman out, even though he may be out under the Laws, unless appealed to by a fielder. This shall not debar a batsman who is out under any of the Laws from leaving his wicket without an appeal having been made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on appeals in cricket&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sport of cricket, an appeal is the act of a player on the fielding team asking an umpire for a decision regarding whether a batsman is out or not. According to the Laws of Cricket, an umpire may not rule a batsman out unless the fielding side appeals. &lt;strong&gt;There have been occasions when a batsman has otherwise technically been out, but the fielding team neglected to appeal so the umpire did not declare him out.&lt;/strong&gt; An appeal may be made at any point before the bowler starts his run-up for the next ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question stems from the highlighted part of the paragraph from Wikipedia. Have there been any notable cases in international or domestic cricket where a batsman has played on because of a lack of appeal from the fielding team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T10:28:08.770" Title="Are there recorded instances of batsmen not given out due to lack of appeal?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15177" CreationDate="2016-12-19T10:09:25.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this happens quite often. The most recent instance of this being the test match between Australia and Pakistan, which finished today. In the first innings, Steve Smith edged a ball (faint edge) to the keeper. The Pakistanis missed the edge and did not appeal. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-pakistan-2016-17/content/story/1072777.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smith knew he edged it but continued batting nonetheless&lt;/a&gt;. No appeal, no decision necessary from the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12572" LastEditorUserId="12572" LastEditDate="2016-12-19T12:54:11.330" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T12:54:11.330" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15213" CreationDate="2016-12-19T17:21:19.633" Score="3" ViewCount="2414" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a batter, after a foul tip on strike two, run for first base since it is a live ball? What happens if he stays at homeplate?.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12587" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T13:12:53.530" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T23:01:58.003" Title="Can a batter, after a foul tip on strike two, run for first base since it is a live ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15155" CreationDate="2016-12-19T19:09:11.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The last successful fair catch kick was made by Ray Wersching of San Diego Chargers. The kick seems to be so old that a footage of it can't be found easily online. &#xA;But here is a video of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-am/0ap2000000251446/Fair-catch-free-kick-huh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;attempted fair catch kick&lt;/a&gt; with rule explanation from Dean Blandino the NFL's Vice President of officiating. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T19:09:11.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15182" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-19T22:29:24.147" Score="1" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nearing the end of a historic season, it was possible for Pittsburgh to make the playoffs only if they lost a game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;by losing, they might be in a 3-team tiebreaker which they would win.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;otherwise, they would be in a 2-team tiebreaker, which they would lose.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What season was this, and what were the details of the potential tiebreaker situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on a recollection of late results, the scenario did not come about, and Chuck Noll was asked if he would intentionally lose if that was the only way to make the playoffs. His response: &quot;What do you think?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12590" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-21T23:22:23.150" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T23:22:23.150" Title="Pittsburgh had to lose to make the playoffs" Tags="|american-football|history|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-12-30T11:20:25.710" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15186" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-20T10:12:33.263" Score="9" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;What were the determinant factors in restricting the size of a cricket ball to no less than 155.9g and no more than 163g and its circumference to no less than 22.4cm and no more than 22.9cm as stipulated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 5 (the ball)?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12572" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-30T12:24:43.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-30T12:24:43.943" Title="What were the determinant factors in choosing the weight and size of a cricket ball?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-20T13:15:23.983" Score="5" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose I capture some sports statistics - for example, all made shots for players on a team in the NBA. Can I publish that data and maybe use it commercially later?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10950" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T19:54:31.880" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T19:54:31.880" Title="If you capture sports data by yourself, is it legal to publish it and use commercialy?" Tags="|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15197" CreationDate="2016-12-20T14:00:13.567" Score="10" ViewCount="5944" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a swimmer breaks, for instance, the 100-meter free stroke record in a medley event does that record count towards the hundred meters discipline or are those records held apart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T14:02:25.377" LastActivityDate="2020-12-06T20:24:35.923" Title="If a swimmer breaks a record in a medley event, does the record count towards the individual event or the medley event?" Tags="|olympics|records|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2016-12-20T14:55:17.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were some legal processes that considered sports scores and other data as facts, and consequently, allowing its usage by commercial applications or being published.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based my answer on the follow Legal Stack Exchange reply: &lt;a href=&quot;https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/11081/is-there-copyright-on-sporting-results/11090#11090&quot;&gt;https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/11081/is-there-copyright-on-sporting-results/11090#11090&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10950" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:27.323" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T14:55:17.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15182" CreationDate="2016-12-20T20:25:29.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't possible.  There is no way to construct a W/L record among 3 opponents such that a win by one would yield a 2 way tie and a loss would yield a 3 way tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A:  10-6&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B:  10-5&lt;br&gt;&#xA;C:  10-5  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B plays C.  A win by B or C yields no tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A:  10-6&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B:  10-5&lt;br&gt;&#xA;C:  9-6  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B plays C.  A win by B is no tie and a win by C is a 2 way tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure that every iteration breaks down to one of those two scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T20:25:29.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2016-12-21T01:21:42.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A moderately high arc is best. Too high an arc means the ball travels too far. It looks great when it swishes, but the extra distance turns a 15-foot shot into an 18-footer and can result in some real clunkers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A routine helps to focus. I count silently to six. One, two during two dribbles. Three, four when gripping the ball. Five for knee bend down and six for knee bend up and release.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When gripping the ball, I like to position it so that the long black lines are horizontal and so that the tip of my middle finger is in the center of one of those lines, preferably on the side with no logo stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm right-handed, so I position my right foot just left of the center spot on the free-throw line. This puts my shooting arm in a straight line to the center of the rim. A straight line means if you hit the rim short or long, the ball still has a good chance of going in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12603" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T01:21:42.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12240" CreationDate="2016-12-21T01:46:57.753" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;T, wearing #75, lines up in the left tackle position. After the snap, T fakes blocking and then takes a few steps back and to his left. QB fakes a hand off to RB and, while rolling right, stops, turns around, and throws the ball &lt;em&gt;backwards&lt;/em&gt;(from the original line of scrimmage) to T. T proceeds to run it in for a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruling: Touchdown. Although T does not have a jersey number permitting him to catch a forward pass, he (and any other player on the offense) may catch a backward lateral pass. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12604" LastEditorUserId="12604" LastEditDate="2016-12-21T02:42:36.993" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T02:42:36.993" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15189" CreationDate="2016-12-21T03:21:38.587" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is clear in the rules of swimming. For example, take the USA Swimming (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usaswimming.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official web site&lt;/a&gt;) rules, which follow from FINA. In section 102.24, Timing Rules one finds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;102.24 TIMING RULES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Requirements for Official Time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. Performance Requirements&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) An official time can be achieved only in USA Swimming sanctioned or USA Swimming approved competition, or in an observed swim in accordance with all applicable  rules. It may be achieved in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Any heat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) A swim-off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) A lead-off leg in a relay&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) A split time recorded from the official start to the completion of an initial distance with a legal finish within a longer event, provided the swimmer completes the event or the lead-off portion of the relay in compliance with applicable rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e) A time trial or a record attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it must be a lead off-leg of the relays (such as Ryan Murphy's 100 back time at the 2016 Olympics). The freestyle portion of the medley relay is not the lead off leg, so that would not count. As a general principal, a relay start gives you about a 0.7 second advantage over a flat start (not firm science, just 40+ years of experience).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As noted in the comments, it is then also possible that the lead-off leg of an individual medley event (50 or 100 fly for the 200 or 400 IM) could also be an individual record. Similarly, although the OP specified 'medley', splits of longer races (i.e. 100 fly during a 200 fly, or 400 free during the 800 free) are also fair game for records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastEditorUserId="4913" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T16:32:46.153" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T16:32:46.153" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-21T14:27:49.207" Score="0" ViewCount="562" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been thinking of taking up skateboarding again as an adult (I'm in my early thirties and its been at least 10 years since I popped an ollie) but I am concerned about being too out-of-shape. I'm not overweight and I do exercise regularly but I worry that a lot of the muscles used to do tricks have atrophied in the decade or so since my last kick-flip. I'm interested to know if anyone has had success with physical conditioning exercises specifically tailored to skateboarding. Can you recommend some stretches or exercises that helped your ability to do tricks and/or avoid injury after a long break from skating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10720" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-21T18:54:35.437" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T18:54:35.437" Title="Physical Conditioning for Skateboarding" Tags="|training|injuries|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-12-21T20:47:36.893" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2016-12-21T17:11:27.163" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point no one has made clear is that underwater dolphin kicks (UDK) isn't faster than surface swimming.  It's used to help maintain the high speed of the start or turn where the speed is greatest from push off the blocks or wall. They make slowing down, slower.  As long as a swimmer can maintain the higher speed off a turn with UDK's, that is, as long as they can maintain a speed greater than their surface speed, then they are effective.  Dolphin kicking does provide thrust at a greater speed than flutter kicking since it engages the entire core from the abs to the ankles.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the OP's answer correctly noted however, hypoxia will quickly become a limiting parameter the longer you stay underwater.  A properly streamlined person does have a lower drag in a streamlined underwater position than they do on the surface.  That's why submarines are so much faster underwater than on the surface.  They aren't making waves.  Your legs are also a relatively inefficient means of propulsion, so the oxygen demand is high while you are unable to breathe.  Therefore UDK is most useful for swimmers who have excess lung capacity, allowing them to stay submerged for a long period of time, who have large, flexible feet and ankles, and who have a superior streamlined position underwater.  But the bottom line is that it should only be used when it's a benefit to your overall speed off the start or turns, before you run out of air and before you make it to the 15m mark.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T17:11:27.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15198" CreationDate="2016-12-21T18:49:45.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anything that will strengthen your lower body and core should be good.&#xA;Calf raises&#xA;Leg Press&#xA;Lunges/squats&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try doing some exercises that require balance as well, such as doing curls while balancing on one foot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10492" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T18:49:45.947" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13716" CreationDate="2016-12-21T21:05:59.813" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/08/13/history-made-video-replay-technology-used-official-usl-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's&lt;/a&gt; a link to an article regarding it's first use in competitive play. The official procedure right now appears to be: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The VAR (video assistant referee) automatically reviews every goal, every red card and all penalties, and communicates directly with the head referee, who ultimately decides whether to resort to the monitor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that behind each goal is a small monitor for the referee to make a quick review of the play if they so choose. The last I heard regarding full implementation in MLS, is that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espnfc.us/major-league-soccer/story/3014832/don-garber-wants-mls-to-use-video-assistant-referee-system-in-2017-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Don Garber (MLS commissioner) is hoping for it to be used starting in the second half of the 2017 season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9332" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T00:39:34.047" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T00:39:34.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7274" CreationDate="2016-12-21T23:09:46.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, minimum of four.&quot;&#xA;See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The confusion often surrounds the term &lt;em&gt;&quot;common games, minimum of four.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; Does it mean 4 opponents or 4 games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All games against opponents played by both the tied teams&lt;/strong&gt; are taken into consideration. There need only be four such &quot;common games,&quot; which can occur with less than four common opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12606" LastEditorUserId="12606" LastEditDate="2016-12-21T23:15:11.873" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T23:15:11.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15182" CreationDate="2016-12-21T23:17:35.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to say that this scenario isn't possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider a team that is trying to make the playoffs.  They have two shots: the division title, and the wildcard spots.  Both of these are based on the team's total record for all 16 games in the season.  It is only when these 16-game records are tied that the tie breakers are considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is certainly possible that a team can be in a scenario where they know that a win in the last game does not help them, because they know that they will lose a tie breaker.  However, losing the game cannot help them.  Why?  Because if they lose, they have a worse record than if they won.  If they are in a three-way tie with a loss, then with a win they would have beaten both of those teams without the tie breaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might think that there could be a scenario where you need a certain team to win, and the team that they are playing happens to be you.  I don't think this type of scenario is possible: whenever you need to hope that a certain team wins for your playoff hopes to stay alive, it is really because you need that team's opponent to lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T23:17:35.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14433" CreationDate="2016-12-21T23:50:24.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team trainers and players work within NFL guidelines for player equipment. The colors do not benefit the kicker or team, but must &quot;conform&quot; to NFL equipment guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See page 28: &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_Rule5_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_Rule5_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;League-approved tri-colored shoes are permitted with black, white, and one&#xA;team color.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Punters and placekickers may wear any combination of tri-colored shoes provided that the colors are consistent with those selected by the team and with the policy listed above.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, one shoe is important for gripping the turf, the other for striking the ball. Shoe soles may however, vary in their number, arrangement, shape, material, diameter and length of cleats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12606" LastActivityDate="2016-12-21T23:50:24.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12062" CreationDate="2016-12-21T23:52:41.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Australian open is always first for many reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Australia, January is in summer and suits the surface,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The whole of January are school holidays allowing people to travel with their kids to the Open. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most tradespeople in Australia don't work in January, thus suiting them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both the NRL (Rugby league) and the AFL are in their off-season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;January attracts extremely large crowds with around 720,899 people as the total attendance figure (compared to around 650,000 for the US Open, 600,000 for Wimbledon and around 450,000 for Roland-Garros)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12607" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T00:53:12.257" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T00:53:12.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12798" CreationDate="2016-12-22T01:00:38.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 2008, the average NFL team scored 11.21 points per half&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/NFL/scoring.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;. If each team has about 6 possessions per half, that would appear to be &lt;strong&gt;1.86&lt;/strong&gt; points per possession&lt;sub&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-many-possessions-per-game-does-a-team-average-in-the-NFL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether it comes into play or not is another question. By taking the ball to start Q3 you add to the chance that your opponent will get the ball the expected 6 times, but game plan, effectiveness, injuries and turnovers can affect the Time of Possession and actual possessions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next question might be: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;What percentage of the time does a deferring team get 1 (or) more second-half possession(s) than the opponent?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/NFL/scoring.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/NFL/scoring.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-many-possessions-per-game-does-a-team-average-in-the-NFL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-many-possessions-per-game-does-a-team-average-in-the-NFL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12606" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T14:30:05.957" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T14:30:05.957" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12798" CreationDate="2016-12-22T01:18:03.493" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although having the ball in the beginning of the second half means you'd have at least as many drives as the other team, you can't really translate a possession to points. Your question really depends on the game. For example, if the game is happening in poor weather conditions, then having the ball doesn't increase a team's chances of winning much. They just need to make efficient drives. Or if the game has been very defensively dominant by both teams, you can argue that having the ball one more time than your opponent does not give you an edge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all, games are won by points and nothing else matters as much. A team could win with less time of possession given they are more efficient offensively and can create turnovers defensively.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T01:18:03.493" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15210" CreationDate="2016-12-22T13:19:41.410" Score="6" ViewCount="1958" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Giants vs Lions game on December 18th 2016 there was a punt partially blocked by the Lions. The ball was deflected after the punter kicked it by a Lions player. This resulted in the ball going forward but much shorter than the average punt. The ball was eventually blown dead by the referee as it had stopped moving and no player was picking it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is that if the Lions touched the ball after it was kicked why was it not just a live ball that the Giants could recover? If a Lions player touched the ball and didn't catch it the Giants could recover so why was this any different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11251" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-28T10:29:15.097" LastActivityDate="2019-12-28T10:29:15.097" Title="NFL blocked punt rules" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15209" CreationDate="2016-12-22T13:41:21.033" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is that if the Lions touched the ball after it was kicked why was it not just a live ball that the Giants could recover? If a Lions player touched the ball and didn't catch it the Giants could recover so why was this any different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was different because partially blocking a kick is not considered touching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-first-touching-beyond-the-line&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 9, Section 2, Article 2, Note 4&lt;/a&gt; in the 2016 NFL Rule Book states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Team B (ie, Lions) player is deemed not to have touched a kick if such touching occurs in the immediate vicinity of the line in an attempt to block the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T13:46:23.607" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T13:46:23.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15229" CreationDate="2016-12-22T21:58:33.730" Score="6" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the puck hits a defender, but the puck proceeds to enter the goal they are defending anyway, is that defender still credited with a block (against that shot)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12609" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T10:40:20.780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T10:40:20.780" Title="Is an NHL defender credited with a block if the puck still enters the goal?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|own-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15179" CreationDate="2016-12-22T22:17:29.377" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the batter cannot run.  The ball is &quot;live&quot; for the purposes of the defense and any runners already on base, but it doesn't allow the batter to leave, and the batter is not in jeopardy of being put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation (foul tip on strike two) does not fit any of the criteria of 5.05, and therefore does not entitle the batter to become a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T22:17:29.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15179" CreationDate="2016-12-22T23:01:58.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter may only advance to first base on a dropped third strike.  A foul tip may never become a dropped third strike, as if it is dropped it is treated as a regular foul ball (and thus is not in play), and if it is caught it is not dropped (and thus the batter is simply out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner &lt;em&gt;already on base&lt;/em&gt; may steal on a foul tip since he is already on base, and thus may treat a foul tip like any other pitch (the ball is in play).  But the batter would be out as soon as the foul tip was caught and therefore could not advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T23:01:58.003" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15218" CreationDate="2016-12-22T23:42:00.640" Score="6" ViewCount="41379" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the end of week 15 of 2016 season, the Dallas Cowboys and the New York Giants have a chance of facing off in the playoffs. The Giants have dealt the Cowboys their only 2 losses of the season so far.&#xA;Teams that are in the same division play each other 2 times during the regular season. So to beat a team 3 times, they must also meet in the playoffs. I'm wondering how many times has a team beaten a division rival 3 times in the same season in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T07:17:32.607" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T19:02:08.323" Title="NFL teams beating the same team 3 times in a season" Tags="|american-football|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15215" CreationDate="2016-12-23T05:06:40.207" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;They always say that it is hard to beat the same team three times in one season.  However, it happens periodically.  Since 1950, it has happened 17 times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Dallas_Cowboys_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 Dallas Cowboys&lt;/a&gt; over Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/a&gt; over Baltimore Ravens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_St._Louis_Rams_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004 St. Louis Rams&lt;/a&gt; over Seattle Seahawks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/a&gt; over Cleveland Browns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_New_York_Giants_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000 New York Giants&lt;/a&gt; over Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Tennessee_Titans_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 Tennessee Titans&lt;/a&gt; over Jacksonville Jaguars&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Green_Bay_Packers_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 Green Bay Packers&lt;/a&gt; over Tampa Bay Buccaneers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_New_England_Patriots_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 New England Patriots&lt;/a&gt; over Miami Dolphins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/a&gt; over Cleveland Browns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Los_Angeles_Raiders_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993 Los Angeles Raiders&lt;/a&gt; over Denver Broncos&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Kansas_City_Chiefs_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 Kansas City Chiefs&lt;/a&gt; over Los Angeles Raiders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_New_York_Giants_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986 New York Giants&lt;/a&gt; over Washington Redskins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Miami_Dolphins_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 Miami Dolphins&lt;/a&gt; over New York Jets (in a shortened season)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Green_Bay_Packers_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1965 Green Bay Packers&lt;/a&gt; over Baltimore Colts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Buffalo_Bills_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1964 Buffalo Bills&lt;/a&gt; over San Diego Chargers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_New_York_Giants_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958 New York Giants&lt;/a&gt; over Cleveland Browns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Detroit_Lions_season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1952 Detroit Lions&lt;/a&gt; over Los Angeles Rams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T07:09:56.480" LastActivityDate="2016-12-23T07:09:56.480" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15220" CreationDate="2016-12-23T06:48:24.807" Score="3" ViewCount="3996" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there have been a few shooting guards to average over a block a game, but I wanted to know if there has been a point guard to average a block a game while playing 70 games minimum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T09:36:13.533" Title="Has a point guard ever averaged 1 block a game?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15219" CreationDate="2016-12-23T08:41:19.760" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not since blocks became a recorded stat in 1973-74.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball Reference does not allow querying specifically for point guards as opposed to shooting guards, but very few guards of any kind meet your criteria of 1+ blocks over 70+ games. This is the entire list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;PRE&gt;&#xA;Player             Season   Team  G  Minutes Blocks&#xA;Michael Jordan     1987-88  CHI   82  40.4  1.6&#xA;Michael Jordan     1986-87  CHI   82  40.0  1.5&#xA;Dwyane Wade        2008-09  MIA   79  38.6  1.3&#xA;George Gervin      1977-78  SAS   82  34.8  1.3&#xA;George Gervin      1976-77  SAS   82  33.0  1.3&#xA;Reggie Lewis       1991-92  BOS   82  37.4  1.3&#xA;David Thompson     1977-78  DEN   80  37.8  1.2&#xA;Dennis Johnson     1978-79  SEA   80  34.0  1.2&#xA;Dwyane Wade        2009-10  MIA   77  36.3  1.1&#xA;Vince Carter       2000-01  TOR   75  39.7  1.1&#xA;Dwyane Wade        2010-11  MIA   76  37.1  1.1&#xA;Vince Carter       1999-00  TOR   82  38.1  1.1&#xA;George Gervin      1978-79  SAS   80  36.1  1.1&#xA;Dwyane Wade        2004-05  MIA   77  38.6  1.1&#xA;David Thompson     1978-79  DEN   76  35.1  1.1&#xA;Danny Green        2014-15  SAS   81  28.5  1.1&#xA;Reggie Lewis       1990-91  BOS   79  36.4  1.1&#xA;Jerry Stackhouse   1995-96  PHI   72  37.5  1.1&#xA;Michael Jordan     1990-91  CHI   82  37.0  1.0&#xA;George Gervin      1979-80  SAS   78  37.6  1.0&#xA;Dennis Johnson     1979-80  SEA   81  36.3  1.0&#xA;Ron Harper         1986-87  CLE   82  37.4  1.0&#xA;&lt;/PRE&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/sharing.html?utm_source=direct&amp;amp;utm_medium=Share&amp;amp;utm_campaign=ShareTool&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basketball-Reference.com&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/psl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=single&amp;amp;type=per_game&amp;amp;per_minute_base=36&amp;amp;per_poss_base=100&amp;amp;season_start=1&amp;amp;season_end=-1&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;height_min=0&amp;amp;height_max=99&amp;amp;birth_country_is=Y&amp;amp;as_comp=gt&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;force%3Apos_is=1&amp;amp;c1stat=blk_per_g&amp;amp;c1comp=gt&amp;amp;c1val=1&amp;amp;c2stat=g&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=70&amp;amp;c6mult=1.0&amp;amp;order_by=ws&amp;amp;utm_source=direct&amp;amp;utm_medium=Share&amp;amp;utm_campaign=ShareTool#stats&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;View Original Table&lt;/a&gt;. Generated 12/23/2016.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ten different players appear in the list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/strong&gt; - always a shooting guard&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dwyane Wade&lt;/strong&gt; - was listed as PG only during his rookie season (2003-04)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;George Gervin&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Reggie Lewis&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;David Thompson&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Vince Carter&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Jerry Stackhouse&lt;/strong&gt; - all SG/small forward combos&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dennis Johnson&lt;/strong&gt; - was listed as PG for about half of his career, but his first PG season was the year after his last 1+ block season&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Danny Green&lt;/strong&gt; - SG&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ron Harper&lt;/strong&gt; - began as a SG and finished his career as a PG, but his first PG season was ten years after his 1+ block season&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None were listed as point guard during their qualifying seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2016-17 season &lt;strong&gt;Andre Roberson&lt;/strong&gt; is the only guard averaging 1.0 blocks per game, but he, like most players on this list, has never played PG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2016-12-23T08:41:19.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15232" CreationDate="2016-12-24T21:05:55.393" Score="4" ViewCount="758" Body="&lt;p&gt;The line judge Sarah Thomas got hit during Green Bay Packers vs Minnesota Vikings game in week 16 of 2016 season. She was taken off the field for further evaluation. So given that she was not on the sideline and the game continued with no stoppage either a substitute referee took her place, or they moved on with one less line judge. But I doubt the latter happened. So are there substitute referees in the NFL (similar to 4th official in soccer) and what are the rules regarding them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T02:13:46.993" Title="Does NFL have substitute referees?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-25T16:07:03.920" Score="3" ViewCount="2307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanted to know if there has been any NBA player to win the MVP after being awarded either the Most Improved Player or the Sixth Man of the Year in their careers. Also, if there isn't any, has there been any player that has come close to achieving this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T18:03:06.993" Title="Has there been a NBA Most Improved Player or Sixth Man of the Year Award winner to have won MVP Honors?" Tags="|basketball|nba|awards|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15237" CreationDate="2016-12-25T19:12:35.877" Score="5" ViewCount="1772" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team scores in the last play of the match, do referees end the match then, or do they wait for the conceding team to kick-off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12619" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2016-12-25T21:40:16.487" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T04:12:25.250" Title="Can a football match end with a goal?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15212" CreationDate="2016-12-26T05:34:22.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that a goal requires counting a shot on goal to the attacker, but a blocked shot is (by definition) not able to be a shot on goal, which makes them exclusionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would mean a shot attempt that leads to a goal cannot also be counted as a blocked shot. Put simply: either it is a goal or it is blocked, never both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL doesn't say anything formal on the matter that I can find, so this might be a case of &quot;ask whoever you're getting stats from&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T05:34:22.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-26T05:50:44.873" Score="5" ViewCount="536" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Sixth_Man_of_the_Year_Award&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sixth Man of the Year&lt;/a&gt; is an award in the US NBA, to the player performing best for their team coming into play as a substitute. Players are eligible if they play in more games as a substitute than as a starting player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does an equivalent or similar award exist in any other sport or competition? These are preferably for major sports and in major competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12550" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T14:26:02.537" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T20:04:39.093" Title="Is there a Sixth Man of the Year Award equivalent in other sports?" Tags="|basketball|nba|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15223" CreationDate="2016-12-26T19:47:43.810" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states in &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2016-nfl-rulebook/#rule-15.-officials-and-instant-replay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 15: Officials and Instant Replay&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 - Officials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 1. Game Officials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game shall be played under the supervision of seven officials: the Referee, Umpire, Head Linesman, Line Judge, Field Judge, Side Judge, and Back Judge. In the absence of seven officials, the crew is to be rearranged according to the remaining members of the crew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sarah Thomas is on Referee Jeff Triplette's crew. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-officials/these-officials-are-really-good/2016-roster-of-nfl-officials/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official source&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballzebras.com/2016/05/23/officiating-crews-for-the-2016-season/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alternate source&lt;/a&gt;)  Official crews do not travel with an alternate official.  If one official has to leave the game, the crew shifts from &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.refs.org/mechanics/index7.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;7-Man Officiating Mechanics&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.refs.org/mechanics/index6.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;6-Man Mechanics&lt;/a&gt;, essentially combining the Back Judge and Side Judge positions.  There is also a &lt;a href=&quot;http://football.refs.org/mechanics/index5.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;5-Man Mechanics&lt;/a&gt; protocol, if need be.  Any less than that, and I would guess that they'd have to call the game off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Football Zebras blog, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballzebras.com/2016/12/24/quick-calls-week-16-2016/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sarah Thomas returned later in the game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T19:47:43.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15233" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15235" CreationDate="2016-12-27T01:59:45.040" Score="8" ViewCount="1101" Body="&lt;p&gt;American teams are always named as &lt;strong&gt;[city/region team is from] + [team's actual name]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Los Angeles Lakers, Denver Broncos, NY Yankees, Chicago Fire, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a specific reason for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastEditorUserId="10295" LastEditDate="2018-01-03T18:00:26.560" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T18:00:26.560" Title="Why are American teams always named in a certain format?" Tags="|history|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2016-12-27T04:54:30.120" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most places in the world there is a considerable amount of space between different competing teams in the same league.  The naming convention used in the US is not just the US but is also many/most sports teams in the world.  I played a little basketball in France and yes all of the teams use that convention, albeit with more emphasis on the city name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really it is either about league rules or selling tickets or both.  You want to associate with a local city with a high population because most of the tickets will need to come from that fan base.  I would say that many teams in the big 4 sports in the US have stadiums that are not in the city of their name but often a town close to the bigger city.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New York Giants and Jets, which both play play in New Jersey.  The name New York though keeps allegiance with 95% of the regional population to those teams.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MLB's Angels changed their &quot;city name&quot; to California.  It is obvious they were done competing with the Dodgers at the time and wanted to appeal to people in cities outside of L.A. more.  Not sure it worked at all but that was the reason.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;San Francisco 49ers wanted a new stadium.  SF is totally built out.  So they built a stadium in Santa Clara which by any means cannot be considered even a suburb of SF.  They kept the SF name due to the historical significance and population that would buy tickets.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why Manchester United and other teams in the UK don't follow that trend is exactly the same reason.  There are a lot of teams competing for fans that can all drive to their games.  Also the actual cities where they play aren't that big comparatively to the US based metro areas.  So the last thing they want to do is put a city name in front and then possibly disengage fans from that team because they don't live in that city or don't like that city.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are leagues that have naming rules but really I doubt a league would care unless there was vulgarity or some insensitivity in the name.  Really the league wants teams to be successful and has to respect a team's decision to name their team what they want to help sell tickets and stay afloat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; In relation to Ben's answer, which is good, I would like to add that in many parts of Europe (I honestly don't know about Asia/Africa so chime in if you do) sports were regulated through local clubs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the US for the most part sports are denoted by town when growing up (you play for Smithsville little league), then by school (high school and college) then by town/mascot for professional.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very different from the club system which we have in the US (soccer and AAU basketball to name to biggies) but they are no where near as prominent as Europe where for the most part schools have nothing to do with sports and everything filters through club systems.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T23:55:17.847" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T23:55:17.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2016-12-27T05:50:56.093" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to why all the U.S. professional teams are named this way (&lt;em&gt;Location Nickname&lt;/em&gt;) today is because it is tradition.  Baseball teams were named this way, and football, basketball, hockey, and soccer (in the U.S.) all came after baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball teams weren't always named this way, however.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players&quot;&gt;National Association of Professional Base Ball Players&lt;/a&gt; was the first professional baseball league (1871-1875).  A few teams in this league had modern sounding names (Boston Red Stockings, Chicago White Stockings), but many teams in this league had official names like Mutual Baseball Club of New York, Athletic Base Ball Club of Philadelphia, Union Base Ball Club Lansingburgh, Lord Baltimore Club, etc.  Box scores in the newspaper would shorten these club names to one word, based on either their city or their club name: Boston, Chicago, Mutual, Athletic, Troy, Lord Baltimore, etc.  The sportswriters would give the teams their own nicknames, usually based on the colors of their uniforms or the name of their field.  For example, the Union Base Ball Club Lansingburgh played at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymakers%27_Grounds&quot;&gt;Haymakers' Grounds&lt;/a&gt; in Troy, NY.  As a result, their team was often called the Haymakers or the Trojans.  Lord Baltimore got the nicknames Canaries and Yellow Stockings, because of the uniforms.  Modern sportswriters, in writing about the history of these old teams, have retroactively assigned modern style names to some of these teams: they are now referred to with names New York Mutuals, Philadelphia Athletics, Troy Haymakers, and Baltimore Canaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1876, six clubs from the National Association broke off and started the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League&quot;&gt;National League&lt;/a&gt;, including two teams with old style names: Mutual and Athletic.  Those two teams lasted only one season, and all that was left in this baseball league were teams with the modern name format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several advantages of the &lt;em&gt;Location Nickname&lt;/em&gt; format.  When reading or hearing about the team, you immediately know where the team is located.  It allows for there to be more than one team in a single city or more than one team with the same nickname, yet have unique names for each.  It also is an attempt to build a fanbase; having your city name (or region name) in your team name is supposed to signify that you are the official team of your city, and everyone who lives there should be a fan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-27T06:06:25.100" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T06:06:25.100" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15226" CreationDate="2016-12-27T14:59:48.840" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; It happens. Here is a cool story about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On 03/03/2013, during a game that was to be named as &lt;strong&gt;The last derby match in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJK_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_Stadium&quot;&gt;İnönü Stadium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F%E2%80%93Fenerbah%C3%A7e_rivalry&quot;&gt;Beşiktaş and Fenerbahçe&lt;/a&gt;, score was 2-2 on minute 90+2. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dhjvPv2_gY&quot;&gt;Olcay Şahan scored from a counter attack to make it 3-2 to the home side and referee ended the game without a kick-off&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It caused lots of mocking by Beşiktaş fans for a long time. They shared statistics like &lt;em&gt;Fenerbahçe to kick-off 7 months after that last goal&lt;/em&gt; on social media, before the first Fenerbahçe v. Beşiktaş game after that game. Oddly enough, the same thing happened again in that match too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fenerbahçe being hosts this time, they were leading 2-1 on minute 45. The stoppage time last lifted as three minutes. Hugo Almeida of Beşiktaş scored on 45+1, equalizing the score. Right after kick-off, he scored again, switching the lead to Beşiktaş in last seconds of 45+3. The referee ended the first half after that goal. Beşiktaş started the second half so Fenerbahçe didn't even get to kick-off for that goal they conceded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt;. Referee can blow for both half-time and full-time after a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastEditorUserId="10295" LastEditDate="2016-12-27T16:34:58.037" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T16:34:58.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15238" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-27T16:52:49.090" Score="-2" ViewCount="852" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to swing fast and hard....very hard. I get my stress out. But even with a head light tennis racket, on which I've weighted the handle, and top spin, my hits go too far. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I once borrowed a racket, and no matter how hard I hit it the ball stayed in court. Unfortunately I have lost contact with the person who had that racket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What else can I do to my racket? I was thinking higher tension on the strings. Would that help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12624" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-27T18:30:29.117" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T21:58:13.667" Title="What else can I do to my tennis racket to keep the ball in the court?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15212" CreationDate="2016-12-28T01:03:16.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question begs another one: &lt;em&gt;Credited by who?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every single sports statistics service probably have their own definition for such stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in one football app a ball that came back from the post or the bar is accepted as a &quot;shot on target&quot; while in another app it is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, for some people a pass is an assist if only it is converted by the first touch after the pass and not if the receiver starts dribbling after receiving it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples were from football. For your question, by logic, if a ball is &lt;strong&gt;blocked&lt;/strong&gt; it shouldn't make it to the goal. So he shouldn't be credited. However, statistics are a gray area case and answer usually changes based on who you ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10295" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T01:03:16.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-28T16:08:46.277" Score="6" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;In calculating the distance covered by a kick returner, how is his starting location determined?  I believe that it should be the location of his rearmost foot at the time he catches the ball.  I have seen returns described as &quot;100 yards&quot; when the receiver had one foot on the goal line and one foot one yard deep in the end zone.  Obviously, however, if he had one foot just in front of the backline of the end zone and one foot over that line, he would be ruled to be out of bounds.  His position in that instance would certainly be determined by his back foot.  I would think that the same logic would apply in determining his position anywhere on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12629" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T17:42:44.630" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T17:18:56.850" Title="What determines the kick receiver's location when he catches the kick?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15242" CreationDate="2016-12-28T17:42:30.353" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;For college, this statistic is explained in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/championships/statistics/ncaa-football-statisticians-manual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Football Statisticians' Manual&lt;/a&gt;.  Kick return statistics are defined in Section 8.  From the 2016 edition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 2.&lt;/strong&gt; Returns are measured from the point where the returning player first gained or lost possession of the ball (using the back&#xA;  foot as a starting point) to the point where the ball is declared dead&#xA;  or is lost by a fumble. &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; A muff is an unsuccessful attempt to&#xA;  catch or recover a ball that is touched in the attempt. &lt;strong&gt;Exception:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  On kickoffs that go over the goal line, the return is measured from&#xA;  the goal line to the point where the ball is declared dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, the back foot at the point of the catch is the starting location for the return measurement.  If the ball is caught in the end zone, the goal line is the starting point for the measurement.  As a result, 100 yards is the maximum length of a kick return in college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL treats this statistic slightly differently, described in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Guide for Statisticians (PDF)&lt;/a&gt;.  First, they specify that the return does not start until the &quot;impetus of the kickoff ends and he is able to initiate forward progress.&quot;  Second, they do not have the exception for balls caught in the endzone, so it is possible to have kick returns longer than 100 yards.  (Thanks, New-To-IT, for reminding me of this in the comments.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the 2016 NFL book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kickoff Returns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a kickoff is caught by a receiving team player, the spot of his possession is the point at which the&#xA;  impetus of the kickoff ends and he is able to initiate forward progress. This includes the end zone area.&#xA;  For example, if a player catches the kickoff at the 1, runs back to the -2, then advances, the spot of&#xA;  possession is the 1. If a player catches the kickoff at the 1, but retreats to the -2 because the impetus of&#xA;  the kickoff requires him to do so, the spot of possession is the -2. (NOTE, “spot of possession” is&#xA;  defined differently here than in the playing rules.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A kickoff return begins at the spot where a receiving team player first gains possession of the ball, and&#xA;  then attempts to advance the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T21:10:07.340" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T21:10:07.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15242" CreationDate="2016-12-29T17:18:56.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ben has a good formal answer but the fact is this is all over the place unless you are talking about NCAA Division 1 or NFL which both have clear guidelines.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are talking about NAIA, high school, other college divisions, pee-wee, junior football, whatever... each organization either has its own rules or teams are at liberty to score how they feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning you will see many colleges outside of the NCAA Division 1, still score kickoffs past 100 yards.  Most high schools still score like this too - albeit most states have a &quot;no return&quot; rule if the returner's foot hits the goal line.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as a scorer for several high schools and colleges I was taught you look at the heel of the back foot and choose the &quot;next yard up&quot;.  Meaning if the back foot is 5 1/2' behind the goal line then that is a 101 yard kick return.  So even if a guy has both heels 1/8&quot; from the back line all he gets is 109 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T17:18:56.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15248" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15249" CreationDate="2016-12-30T19:17:15.600" Score="-1" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the offense is confident the defensive line is going to rush the quarterback on a passing play, would it be effective as a trick play for the offensive line to lie down after the snap? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea being the defensive ends and tackles would be expecting resistance and thus be momentarily thrown off balance (or even fall down). Or would the defense simply walk over the prone offensive linemen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW I realize this tactic would in no way counter the linebackers, but at the least it could reduce some of the pressure on the QB if played effectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12640" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T05:46:39.507" Title="Would the offensive line lying down at the snap be an effective trick play in American football?" Tags="|american-football|defense|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15248" CreationDate="2016-12-30T22:49:08.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No No that is just crazy.  If your offensive line laid down that might be the last snap your QB plays.  When my oldest son was playing pee-wee football he was so fast and low off the ball (smallest kid on the team) that no one could block him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several refs asked me to take him out of the game after we were up by 30 or so but the offenses weren't even functional with just him.  He hurt some quarterbacks and runningbacks since he is full speed and they are in a vulnerable position and not really moving (that is what teams get for not being able to put a fullback in front in a power set).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you are suggesting is pure crazy.  It is having 4-5 guys running full steam into your quarterback.  They aren't off balance - at all.  Like telling the goalie to turn his back to the ball to confuse the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T22:49:08.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5433" CreationDate="2016-12-31T01:48:18.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_McCaskill&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kirk McCaskill&lt;/a&gt;, who pitched for the MLB's California Angels and Chicago White Sox, was drafted by the NHL's Winnipeg Jets in 1981 and played one year of minor-league professional hockey for the Jets' AHL farm team before focusing on baseball fulltime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12641" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2016-12-31T02:33:12.067" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T02:33:12.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15248" CreationDate="2016-12-31T05:46:39.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Allowing defensive lines through easily is a way to use their own aggressiveness against them. It's a common way to start a screen pass play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you could take it to an extreme and not even attempt a block:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9GK5qTIIM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9GK5qTIIM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, yes, it could be done. But lying down completely makes it hard for the linemen to participate further in the play, so it's unlikely anyone would try it in a real game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T05:46:39.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2992" CreationDate="2017-01-01T04:55:22.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2993/1723&quot;&gt;user1564's answer&lt;/a&gt; covers the modern Olympic games.  However, some of the sports that are included in the Olympics today have their roots in the Olympic games of ancient Greece.  The sports from those games included:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Running/Jumping/Discus Throw/Javelin Throw (Athletics)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wrestling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pentathlon (5 events: running, jumping, discus, javelin, wrestling) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Boxing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pankration (a martial art combining wrestling and boxing, similar to MMA)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equestrian events&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/ancient-olympic-games/the-sports-events&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games#Events&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than Pankration, all of the other events in some form were included in the modern games.  Many people are upset at the removal of wrestling because it is one of the few sports that traces back to the ancient games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T04:55:22.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15257" CreationDate="2017-01-01T11:36:08.723" Score="0" ViewCount="618" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't really get the point of it. What was the initial intention when this rule was created?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12193" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T12:37:11.503" Title="What's the relevance of the offside rule?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-01-02T16:04:18.577" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15256" CreationDate="2017-01-01T11:49:13.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's extremely easy to kick a football half the length of the field or more (and for a notable portion of players, from one penalty area to the other).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without a rule limiting attackers to be not beyond the last defenders, the attacking team is forced to build play throughout the field, with long balls an option only suitable in certain situations rather than being the superior choice in a majority of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This results in a competitive game based on the work of the team as a whole, rather than two or three individuals who either kick the ball a great distance or are adept at trapping, volleying or otherwise receiving the ball to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T11:49:13.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15256" CreationDate="2017-01-01T12:37:11.503" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rule encourages all the players to be actively involved in the game, which leads to a more entertaining game. Think about what would happen if there were no offside rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The attacking team could then place one or two strikers close to the goal, and just wait for a long pass. Against a lone goalkeeper, it is a non-contest. To prevent this, the defending side would be forced to permanently position two or three defenders close to their goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If both teams did this, the game reduces to a volley of long passes, which makes it very boring to watch (and play). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T12:37:11.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-03T03:46:42.760" Score="5" ViewCount="1799" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have a group of 15-16 Badminton players who play double every weekend. The players are individual and choose the partner player randomly while playing. We are thinking to build a ranking system to the players. Is there a formula we can adapt to decide the play order and rank the players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12648" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T19:19:03.133" Title="Badminton Ranking System for Friendly games?" Tags="|ranking|badminton|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15261" CreationDate="2017-01-03T05:38:17.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a method a group of friends and I used to follow when playing table tennis at school. Due to the availability of only 2 tables and too many players, we had to play doubles all the time. So we devised a ranking method to keep track of the best players and learn if our individual game improved or lagged behind the rest of the group. Whenever we got together to play, we paired up with someone. We played a game and the winners each got 1 point, while the losers got 0. For the next game, every player had to necessarily change his partner and pair up with someone new. No one could again pair up with someone they have already played with until they have paired up with everyone else. Each individual player kept a record of number of points and total number of games played that day, which was then added to a common book we maintained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of every week, we would draw up the latest rankings, based on percentage of wins (number of points divided by total number of games played). This way, we could see weekly rankings and cumulative rankings at the end of every week. Players who improved were higher in the weekly rankings and slowly climbed up the cumulative rankings too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This system has one major requirement though, that the pairings should be truly random, or a system of rotation is enforced. If this is not followed, the rankings could be skewed if an average player frequently pairs up with their best buddy, who is a very strong player, and achieves a much higher rank than their ability would merit. In an enforced rotation system, the ranks would stabilize within a few weeks, whereas in a truly random system, the stabilization would take a little longer to reflect a true picture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T06:26:53.567" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T06:26:53.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15261" CreationDate="2017-01-03T08:40:16.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a perfect scenario for the Elo rating system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It takes a bit of set up on a spreadsheet (I'd imagine there are websites or apps that will do it for you). It gives each player the same arbitrary score and then adds/deducts points based on a win/loss but at relative amounts to the difference in the scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the same player repeatedly wins against the same opponent then the resulting increase in scores will diminish. It gives a fair allotment of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elo rating system (Wikipedia).&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This system is used in chess tournaments and in ranking tennis players across the world and various other sports too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4844" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T12:54:28.040" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T12:54:28.040" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15261" CreationDate="2017-01-03T19:19:03.133" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Providing that teams are not fixed, Elo (and Glicko too) does not fit your needs, because it's designed for &lt;strong&gt;1-on-1 matches only&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need something that manages both &lt;em&gt;team performance&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;players' rating&lt;/em&gt;, as &lt;strong&gt;TrueSkill&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;rankade&lt;/strong&gt;, our free-to-use rating system. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/ree#ranking-system-comparison&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;comparison&lt;/a&gt; between aforementioned ranking systems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in use (more than in development), you should give a try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rankade&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. It can manage small to large playing groups, and it features &lt;strong&gt;rankings&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;stats&lt;/strong&gt;, and more. We host many badminton groups/clubs, as well as other sports/games ones (here's our &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/dojo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dojo&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T19:19:03.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2017-01-04T10:19:50.767" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Sixth_Man_of_the_Year_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award&lt;/a&gt; was first awarded for the 1982–83 NBA season, whereas the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Most_Improved_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Most Improved Player Award&lt;/a&gt; was first awarded following the 1985–86 season. Since the 1982-83 season, 19 different players have won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Most Valuable Player Award&lt;/a&gt;, which are listed below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moses Malone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Larry Bird&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Magic Johnson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charles Barkley&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hakeem Olajuwon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David Robinson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Karl Malone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shaquille O'Neal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allen Iverson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tim Duncan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevin Garnett&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Nash&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dirk Nowitzki&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kobe Bryant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LeBron James&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Derrick Rose&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevin Durant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stephen Curry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the above players have won the NBA Most Improved Player Award or the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award, the lists of which are available at the Wikipedia links provided above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer the second part of your question, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harden&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Harden&lt;/a&gt; won the Sixth Man award for the 2011-12 season and in the 2014-15 season, came second in the MVP award voting, losing to Stephen Curry by 262 points(Curry 1198, Harden 936). &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2015/news/05/04/stephen-curry-2014-15-kia-mvp-official-release/?ls=iref:nbahpts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the official release from NBA for the voting results for the season.&lt;/a&gt; I have not combed the data for past years much, but second place seems as close as one can get to the MVP award.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T05:26:53.277" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T05:26:53.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15267" CreationDate="2017-01-04T12:28:14.417" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manchester United got two allowed offside goals in their recent EPL game against West Ham United. They were horrible mistakes by the assistant referees which they can not afford to make, considering the importance of each point in EPL(which is highly competitive). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So will they be penalized in any way so that they do not repeat such mistakes in the subsequent matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4804" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-04T13:18:54.683" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T05:31:38.807" Title="If an assistant referee commits a mistake in a football game, will he be penalized in any way?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15266" CreationDate="2017-01-04T13:03:44.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referees for the Premier League, Football League and FA competitions are appointed by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Game_Match_Officials_Board&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Professional Game Match Officials Limited&lt;/a&gt;. When referees make frequent and/or glaring errors in matches, the PGMOL reprimands them in the form of demotion to a lower tier of the Football League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2009-10 season, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/oct/19/beach-ball-referee-demoted-sunderland-liverpool&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;referee Mike Jones was demoted to the Championship&lt;/a&gt; after incorrectly awarding a goal to Sunderland against Liverpool, after Darren Bent's shot at goal deflected off a beach ball into the goal. Later in the same season, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/apr/07/mike-dean-demotion-alex-ferguson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;referee Mike Dean and assistant referee Simon Beck were demoted to the Championship&lt;/a&gt; following poor performances in a match between Manchester United and Chelsea. Dean failed to award a penalty each to both sides for tackles in the box and also allowed a goal to stand when he should have called a handball, while Beck failed to give an offside decision for Didier Drogba that led to a Chelsea goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the game between West Ham United and Manchester United referenced in the question, only the second goal scored by Zlatan Ibrahimovic was offside. The other decision in the match that drew criticism was the harsh red card shown to West Ham's Sofiane Feghouli. It is up to the PGMOL to consider if these two decisions are significantly erroneous to warrant a reprimand against Mike Dean or assistant referee Simon Long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-05T05:31:38.807" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T05:31:38.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13214" CreationDate="2017-01-04T18:03:57.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the answer is.. sort of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flowrestling.org/article/28134-introducing-flo-premier-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.flowrestling.org/article/28134-introducing-flo-premier-league&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I lived at the Olympic Training Center in 2009-2010 and made roughly $5,250 for competing in 2009. That money came from a medal in Iran, one in Bulgaria, and one in a US tournament (Dave Schultz memorial) (this amount, by the way, is much less than minimum wage). 2010 I was injured all year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a &quot;real-pro wrestling&quot; league started the year before I graduated college, but it fell apart. Largely it was due to a lack of distributed risk structure on the part of the business owners as well as athletes not taking it seriously. (many showed up overweight)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real problem is the USOC governs irresponsibly. Any attempt to organize around them is taken as a threat. It has long been a modern Olympic policy to diminish the status of professionalism in sports. It's an exploitative business model.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12658" LastActivityDate="2017-01-04T18:03:57.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-04T21:52:21.570" Score="7" ViewCount="7373" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rarest feat in professional baseball? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unassisted triple play? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitching a perfect game? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitching more than 9 innings, perfect game? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using a statistic or terminology that can be supported by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Almanac&lt;/a&gt; can you name the rarest feat you could see at a ballgame, but one that has happened before at least once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12659" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T20:33:13.293" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T05:00:30.103" Title="What's the rarest event in professional baseball?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-01-04T22:09:49.103" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't perfectly answerable, because it's easy to come up with specific things that only occur once if you get complicated enough.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you limit it to things that would merit a sports news organization writing an article about it, then probably the most rare occurrence is a team scoring in every inning for a full nine inning game (meaning, they have score in 9 innings out of 9 innings; this mostly specifically excludes home teams since they'd probably be winning and thus skip the ninth inning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;a href=&quot;http://research.sabr.org/journals/scoring-every-inning&quot;&gt;this article's publication&lt;/a&gt;, it had only occurred twice in modern history: 1923 and 1964 (and 4 more times overall, pre-1900).  Since then it's happened &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/recbooks/rb_runs2.shtml&quot;&gt;one more time&lt;/a&gt;, in 1999, in a game I watched on television (COL@CHC; back in the day when COL had some really good bats and CHC was, well, your father's cubbies). The earlier article does a good job explaining how likely this is to happen - once every 250k games, more or less, which is about once every century if you assume every inning is an independent event (protip: they aren't).  It's happened three times in the last century, which isn't that far off I suppose regardless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-01-04T22:09:49.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4442" CreationDate="2017-01-04T23:09:44.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.needsporty.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Need Sporty&lt;/a&gt; [&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/be/app/need-sporty-find-sport-partner./id862412804?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;iTunes link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;] and &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportspartners.com.au/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sports Partners&lt;/a&gt; [&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/sports-partners/id944126091?mt=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;iTunes link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;] are iPhone apps that use your device's location to find and meet sport partners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I only use Need Sporty. It's simple to use and allows you to select up to 35 sports. Sports Partners also appears to provide similar functionality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12661" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-01-08T04:57:34.697" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T04:57:34.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15293" CreationDate="2017-01-05T02:01:03.977" Score="5" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;The league fines players for flopping and flopping can also be grounds for a technical foul. While players have been fined for flopping in games throughout the past few years, I want to know if anyone's ever been suspended for repeated flopping offences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-05T07:32:51.283" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T21:31:21.380" Title="Has anyone been suspended for flopping?" Tags="|basketball|nba|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-01-05T05:11:39.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very rare event is the cycle but that has happened about as many times as a no hitter.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An even more rare event is the natural cycle which is hitting the hits in order starting with a 1B.  This has happened less than 15 times in baseball history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One lucky Yankee great is the only person to hit a Natural Grand Cycle which is the hits in order and the home run being a grand slam.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; Tony Lazzeri&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even a bigger feat is the home run cycle which has happened in college and high school but not the majors - hitting a 1 run, 2 run, 3 run, and 4 run homer in a game.  Now doing a natural home run cycle would have to take the cake as definitely possible (can't walk the guy with bases loaded right??) but highly highly improbable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T05:11:39.180" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15284" CreationDate="2017-01-05T15:51:39.923" Score="4" ViewCount="541" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple enough question, but I'm having trouble finding a clear answer. I'm interested to know why the shootout is used in the World Junior Championships. I'm assuming it's either because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players are of a junior level&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International hockey rules&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: To add an additional level to the question. Assuming from the comment below that it's due to international rules, what is the reasoning behind the international rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastEditorUserId="9013" LastEditDate="2017-01-05T18:57:12.897" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T03:16:09.827" Title="Why are shootouts used in the World Junior Hockey Championships?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8642" CreationDate="2017-01-05T22:56:22.947" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Tests and ODIs, Fillet's answer is correct: The lowest score that has never been scored in a Test innings remains &lt;strong&gt;229&lt;/strong&gt;, which is also the lowest score never achieved in any international, and the lowest score that has never been scored in ODIs remains &lt;strong&gt;155&lt;/strong&gt;. However, there were three innings of 82* in Twenty20 Internationals in 2016:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lut.im/EnZR5jHzei/FpA2neveSeSl07sw.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://lut.im/EnZR5jHzei/FpA2neveSeSl07sw.png&quot; alt=&quot;Screenshot showing three scores of 82* in 2016 T20Is&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;The current lowest score that has never been achieved in a Twenty20 International is &lt;strong&gt;92&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lut.im/h1qFvkMWi7/VLD4ZQvq1BWYph7h.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://lut.im/h1qFvkMWi7/VLD4ZQvq1BWYph7h.png&quot; alt=&quot;Screenshot showing three scores of between 91 and 93, but none of 92, in T20Is&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;The method used to find these scores was the following Bash command:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;for i in {0..400};do if [ &quot;`wget -O- -q &quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;runsmin1=${i};runsmax1=${i};runsval1=runs;size=10;template=results;type=batting;view=innings&quot; | grep &quot;player.*data-link&quot; | grep -o '[&amp;gt;][^&amp;lt;&amp;gt;]\+[&amp;lt;]' | tr -d '&amp;lt;&amp;gt;' | wc -l`&quot; -eq 0 ]; then echo &quot;${i}&quot;;break;fi;done&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;class=1&lt;/code&gt; is for Test matches; this can be changed to &lt;code&gt;class=2&lt;/code&gt; for ODIs, &lt;code&gt;class=3&lt;/code&gt; for Twenty20 Internationals, and &lt;code&gt;class=11&lt;/code&gt; for all internationals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12664" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T22:56:22.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15274" CreationDate="2017-01-06T22:48:57.957" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The World Junior Championship is hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IIHF&lt;/a&gt;. The IIHF is free to set the rules for each tournament as they please. According to their website, they choose to use the shootout if the score was still tied after a 20 minute overtime period. You can see the full list of format rules &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldjunior2016.com/en/information/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9332" LastActivityDate="2017-01-06T22:48:57.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3788" CreationDate="2017-01-07T17:51:15.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to all of the other answers, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakvsl/engine/current/match/388994.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second Test between Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2008-09&lt;/a&gt; was abandoned on 3 March 2009, after &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_attack_on_the_Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Sri Lankan cricket team was attacked&lt;/a&gt; on its way to the cricket ground. Since then, &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;home_or_away=2;home_or_away=3;host=7;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;spanmin1=4+Mar+2009;spanval1=span;template=results;type=team;view=results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the only international matches played in Pakistan&lt;/a&gt; have been those played on Zimbabwe's tour of the country in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12664" LastActivityDate="2017-01-07T17:51:15.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15274" CreationDate="2017-01-08T03:16:09.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an answer on Wikipedia that goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A penalty shootout is normally used only in &quot;no ties allowed&quot; situations (for example, a tournament where the losers must be eliminated) and where other methods such as extra time and sudden death have failed to determine a winner first. It avoids the delays involved in staging replayed matches in order to produce a tie-break. A common complaint about penalty shootouts is that they only determine the better team in the one, rather narrow, discipline of taking penalty shots, rather than fairly determining the better team in overall play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if occam's razor says anything about it, they're likely done in the name of expediency: producing a winner quickly. I'd guess this is more prevalent in formats where teams are playing many games within a short span of time. If they're forced to play endless sudden death over time arounds, the players might be too fatiqued for more play on subsequent days. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T03:16:09.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15238" CreationDate="2017-01-08T14:04:15.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing that all tennis players need to know is that the natural instinct of swinging the racquet like a baseball bat is not the best play to make. If you look at most professional players, they don't do full out swings. Instead, they focus more on the top spin by having an angle at the racquet as shown below.&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QjVqT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QjVqT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;As you can see, the racquet would be at an angle and the racquet&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that it is more important to focus on having a topspin and lowering down your swing power. You can read this discussion for more help: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-fix-the-problem-of-hitting-my-tennis-ball-too-far&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-fix-the-problem-of-hitting-my-tennis-ball-too-far&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11996" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T14:04:15.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14290" CreationDate="2017-01-08T14:13:26.130" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The highest low score of an innings in Test matches is &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;groupby=innings;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;qualmin1=10;qualmin2=11;qualval1=outs;qualval2=innings;runsmin1=12;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://lut.im/cTsgNr4QY1/jJQbgOUSE1YFtzp7.png&quot; alt=&quot;Screenshot of Statsguru of all Test innings with a lowest individual score of at least 12 runs&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen in the screenshot, this low score has been made on two occasions. The first was by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63019.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;India in the first Test against New Zealand in Dunedin in 1967/68&lt;/a&gt;, where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/31760.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bapu Kulkarni&lt;/a&gt; was lbw to New Zealand's fast-medium bowler &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/38609.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bruce Taylor&lt;/a&gt; for 12 in the second innings of the match, which India would go on to win by five wickets. The second was much more recent: in the first innings of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/800465.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;third Test between England and South Africa at Johannesburg in 2015/16&lt;/a&gt;, South Africa's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/46538.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Morné Morkel&lt;/a&gt; was last man out for 12, caught by English captain &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/11728.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alastair Cook&lt;/a&gt; off the fast bowling of allrounder &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/311158.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ben Stokes&lt;/a&gt;. South Africa went on to lose crushingly by seven wickets. In both cases, the players had made the lowest scores of their respective team innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Bash command used to find this information was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;i=0;while ! (wget &quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;groupby=innings;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;qualmin1=10;qualmin2=11;qualval1=outs;qualval2=innings;runsmin1=${i};runsval1=runs;size=1;template=results;type=batting&quot; -O- -q | grep 'No records available to match this query' &amp;gt;/dev/null 2&amp;gt;&amp;amp;1);do i=&quot;$((${i}+1))&quot;;done;i=&quot;$((${i}-1))&quot;;wget &quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;groupby=innings;orderby=start;orderbyad=reverse;qualmin1=10;qualmin2=11;qualval1=outs;qualval2=innings;runsmin1=${i};runsval1=runs;size=200;template=results;type=batting&quot; -O- -q | grep '^ *&amp;lt;td colspan=&quot;[^&quot;&amp;gt;]\+&quot;&amp;gt;' | grep -o '[&amp;gt;][^&amp;lt;]\+[&amp;lt;]' | tr -d '&amp;lt;&amp;gt;';echo &quot;SCORE: ${i}&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12664" LastEditorUserId="12664" LastEditDate="2017-01-08T23:07:55.400" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T23:07:55.400" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15288" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-09T02:42:14.983" Score="6" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question came up among my friends while we were watching the Packers triumph over the Giants this evening:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a receiver is catching a pass along the sideline.  He's got one foot in-bounds, but is falling out-of-bounds.  A teammate also happens to be there; the teammate is out-of-bounds, but pushes the receiver to keep him from falling out-of-bounds, and the receiver gets his second foot down in-bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this be considered an in-bounds reception?  Could the receiver then start running?  Is there anything in the rules that prevents an out-of-bounds player from supporting a teammate to stay in-bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T05:20:35.023" Title="Can a player who is out of bounds help a teammate stay in-bounds?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15288" CreationDate="2017-01-09T05:20:35.023" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under Rule 12 &amp;quot;Player Conduct&amp;quot; in the 2016 NFL rulebook, Section 1, Article 4 includes the prohibition that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[n]o offensive player may:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. push or throw his body against a teammate to aid him in an attempt to obstruct an opponent or to recover a loose ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under Rule 3 &amp;quot;Definitions&amp;quot; of the same rulebook, Section 2, Article 4 defines a &lt;em&gt;loose ball&lt;/em&gt; as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... a live ball that is not in player possession, i.e., any ball that has been kicked, passed, or fumbled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The foul is &lt;em&gt;illegal use of hands, arms, or body by the offense&lt;/em&gt;, and the penalty is a loss of ten (10) yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part 'a' of the same article in Rule 12  prohibits pulling the runner at all, the foul being &lt;em&gt;assisting the runner&lt;/em&gt; with identical penalty, and would disallow that act in order to achieve a similar result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T05:20:35.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15292" CreationDate="2017-01-09T16:12:20.193" Score="5" ViewCount="8238" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the current format that 6 teams from each conference make it to the playoffs, how many times has a #5 seed hosted the conference championship game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order for the #5 seed to host the game, both the #5 and the #6 seed have to upset their higher seeded opponents in the wild card and the divisional round. So an equivalent question would be how many times the #5 and #6 seeds of a conference have met in the AFC or NFC championship game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:42:15.137" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:42:15.137" Title="Number 5 seeds hosting NFL conference championship game" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15291" CreationDate="2017-01-09T16:52:01.667" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Under the current format that 6 teams from each conference make it to the playoffs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: This format has been used since 1990&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/03/02/nfls-12-team-playoff-format-enacted-25-years-ago-this-week/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;how many times has a #5 seed hosted the conference championship game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only twice since 1990 has a #1 or #2 seed not been involved in a conference championship:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 AFC Championship&lt;/a&gt; (#3 Colts vs #4 Patriots)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 NFC Championship&lt;/a&gt; (#4 Cardinals vs #6 Eagles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, a #5 seed vs. a #6 seed would require one of those seeds to reach the Super Bowl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only one #5 seed has reached the Super Bowl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 Giants&lt;/a&gt; - faced the #2 seed Green Bay Packers in the NFC championship.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only two #6 seeds have reached the Super Bowl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 Steelers&lt;/a&gt; - faced the #2 seed Denver Broncos in the AFC Championship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NFL_playoffs#Bracket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 Packers&lt;/a&gt; - faced the #2 seed Chicago Bears in the NFC Championship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: Coincidentally, the three times a #5 or #6 seed reached the Super Bowl, they went on to win.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-01-09T16:59:00.700" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T16:59:00.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15272" CreationDate="2017-01-10T21:31:21.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2012/news/10/03/nba-sets-flopping-penalties.ap/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA.com&lt;/a&gt;, you must be charged with flopping 6 times or more to be suspended for flopping.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players will get a warning the first time, then be fined $5,000 for a second violation. The fines increase to $10,000 for a third offense, $15,000 for a fourth and $30,000 the fifth time. Six or more could lead to a suspension. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this list of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eskimo.com/~pbender/fines.html#16-17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fines and suspensions&lt;/a&gt;, if I counted correctly, there have been 36 fines handed out for flopping, but no suspensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T21:31:21.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15294" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15295" CreationDate="2017-01-11T00:54:51.690" Score="7" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://overthecap.com/position/left-tackle/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;over the cap&lt;/a&gt;, the total value of the highest contract for left tackle is Tyron Smith at $97 Million a $13.2 million average per year. The highest right tackle contract is Layne Johnson, $56 Million and 11.2 million on average per year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do left tackles make more money than right tackles? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-01-11T01:56:21.890" LastActivityDate="2023-09-27T04:08:29.553" Title="Why do NFL (american football) right tackles make less than left tackles?" Tags="|american-football|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15294" CreationDate="2017-01-11T02:16:43.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2016/6/28/11641306/nfl-right-tackle-vs-left-tackle-scheme-salary&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; goes into much more detail. An answer from someone more experienced with this topic may fill in the gaps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, &lt;strong&gt;left&lt;/strong&gt; tackles are asked to protect the quarterback's &amp;quot;blind side,&amp;quot; or the side the quarterback is not facing when dropping back (for the right-handed QB, this is the &lt;strong&gt;left&lt;/strong&gt; side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At one time, pass rushers would rush the quarterback from his blind side. The response to this was to develop a left tackle that can protect the quarterback from the pass rush from his blind side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the top 101 players in the league before the 2016 season, 0 were right tackles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at Pro Football Focus' &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.profootballfocus.com/pro-101-best-nfl-players-right-now/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;top 101 players&lt;/a&gt; in the league, the most highly rated tackles were all protecting their respective quarterbacks' blind sides. Five left tackles were included, as were several guards and even a punter, but zero right tackles made the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article suggests the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of the discrepancy between right tackle and left tackle&#xA;performance can be attributed to the perceived need to have the&#xA;stronger player protecting the quarterback's blind side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tyron Smith was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SmitTy00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;right tackle&lt;/a&gt; in his rookie season to develop, until the Cowboys moved him over to left tackle after his rookie season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's enough data to suggest that quarterbacks rely equally on quality protection from both tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on [&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.profootballfocus.com/examining-pressure-are-left-tackles-overvalued/2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Focus's&lt;/a&gt;] 2012 data, pressure from the right side resulted in sacks slightly more often than pressure from the left side. Pressure from the right side ended in a sack 17.3 percent of the time, while pressure from the left culminated in sacks 15.5 percent of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams tend to place less talented players at right tackle -- and move more talented right tackles to the left side -- and defenses scheme to take advantage of that weakness. It all contributes to the collective performance deficit at the right tackle position across the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pass rushers/defenses tend to challenge the &amp;quot;weaker&amp;quot; side which, according to the quote above, is usually the right side due to the &amp;quot;more talented&amp;quot; tackles playing the left tackle position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T02:16:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15226" CreationDate="2017-01-11T04:12:25.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no concept of &quot;last play of the match&quot; in football. When the referee has decided that the second half and any added time in the second half have concluded, the match is terminated. Unlike in many other sports, the team with the ball is not allowed to continue playing until the ball goes out / they lose possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, most referees will not end the match if there is a promising attack underway. As the allowance for additional time is inexact and at the referee's discretion, and they can always &quot;find&quot; a few more seconds to avoid controversy, such as in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0JFuWqwFg4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978 World Cup Finals group stage game between Brazil and Sweden&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; state the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/periods-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.1 - Periods of Play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A match lasts for two equal halves of 45 minutes which may only be reduced if agreed between the referee and the two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with competition rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/periods-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.3 - Allowance for Time Lost&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Allowance is made by the referee in each half for all time lost in that half through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;assessment and/or removal of injured players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;disciplinary sanctions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stoppages for drinks or other medical reasons permitted by competition rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;any other cause, including any significant delay to a restart (e.g. goal celebrations)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if time expires (including all allowance for time lost) between the goal and subsequent kick-off, the match is complete, &lt;em&gt;unless&lt;/em&gt; the referee decides that there has been time lost before the expiration of time (due to excessive celebration, etc). If this is the case, the kick-off is taken and the match continues for the time lost which may be anywhere from seconds to minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the goal comes from a penalty kick for which time has been extended for its completion, the match would be over after the penalty is either scored or missed, and there would be no play after its completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explained in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/penalty-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.4 - Penalty Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the half is extended until the penalty kick is completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T04:12:25.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8677" CreationDate="2017-01-11T04:17:23.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just seen this post now as I have been in rehab from a bowling injury. Lots of Yoga for the lower body is excellent as the compression of the SI joint when sliding can lead to sciatica. So quad stretches, hamstring, etc. easy google search for SI joint stretches are great and definitely help with lower back injuries. As for arms, I recommend hammer curls for biceps and while standing up, push a pilates ball against the wall and make the a continual shape of the alphabet to loosen your shoulder. I am surprised by the amount of strength and range I have because of my increase in flexibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;hope this helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12684" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T04:17:23.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15294" CreationDate="2017-01-11T08:15:14.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If defensive coaches put their best rushers on the left side then right tackles would be the highest paid - after a few years of reteaching and catching up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best pass rushers with a few exceptions play RE or ROLB in a 3-4.  You are going to put your best player against theirs.  So your answer is obvious but it also brings up another great question - why do defensive coaches put more emphasis on rushing from their right side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T08:15:14.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-11T19:47:04.103" Score="6" ViewCount="1273" Body="&lt;p&gt;This may be a bit unanswerable but seeing if the community can come up with any historical conversations or rules.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a quarterback boot we put into the playbook.  The wide receivers are trips right and clear out the defensive backs on that side - if they don't one of them is wide open.  That leaves at most the defensive end and an outside linebacker somewhat unaccounted.  Based on running the play we feel that our tackle will block the end almost all of the time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leaves our quarterback one on one with an outside linebacker - literally the only receiver on that side of the field will be 25-30 yards deep.  For fun during one of our scrimmages I had quarterback throw a 15 yard lob to himself.  The play was very successful because once he rolled and felt the OLB come up hard he threw the ball and the OLB was well out of position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that beckons, can this be countered with the OLB just holding the QB after the throw?  At what point could the OLB hit/hold the QB?   Is there any rule to cite when talking to the refs before the game about the play (I am a ref too so it would be common to talk to the refs about a trick play before we run it) to get them to get their flags ready after my QB takes off for the ball that he threw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T04:30:56.817" LastActivityDate="2021-11-28T09:07:10.620" Title="What are the pass interference rules on a quarterback throwing a pass to self?" Tags="|rules|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15303" CreationDate="2017-01-12T07:20:58.260" Score="5" ViewCount="3536" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a common sight in football that when a referee calls a foul and shows a card to an offending player, that player as well as other players from the offender's team surround and argue with the referee. What is the motive behind the exchange with the referee? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three questions I have are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can the players make a case with the referee and force him to reverse his decision? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a referee allowed to change his decision of a card after he has already shown it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it cannot be reversed, what do players hope to achieve when they surround and argue with the referee after a card decision?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T08:31:36.093" Title="Can a card given out by the referee be taken back?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15301" CreationDate="2017-01-12T08:55:40.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No. Crowding the referee to effect a decision or retraction of a decision, is pointless (see below). Moreover, they could be cautioned for any of &lt;em&gt;delaying the restart of play&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Law 5 of the IFAB Laws states&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official, provided play has not restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may retract a caution or sending-off if they or their assistants or other officials realise this is not correct, and the referee chooses to do so, provided neither play has restarted nor the period of play declared to be over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players do this to instil doubts in the referee about whether decisions against that team are correct, or to encourage decisions in their favour, or even on rare occasion, because the decision is incorrect and they would like the referee to seek advice from the other officials.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T08:31:36.093" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T08:31:36.093" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-12T20:04:32.530" Score="3" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right about now the Indiana Pacers vs Denver Nuggets game will start in London, UK as a part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Global_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Global Games&lt;/a&gt;. I was wondering how this works with who plays at home and who plays away. Since they only play 2 times a year against eachother, won't one team get an advantage since they actually play a game &quot;at home&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-13T03:01:48.867" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T00:19:15.613" Title="How do the NBA global games work?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13306" CreationDate="2017-01-13T01:08:17.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coach-D gave a fair explanation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider also that a hurdle that doesn't clear the opponent looks like a ninja kick, cleats out, to a defense player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the NFHS (National Federation of State High School Associations) doesn't want officials having to make a judgement call between a poorly executed hurdle and the personal foul of a ninja kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2016 NFHS Football Rules Book&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 9-4-3&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No player or nonplayer shall: d. Hurdle an opponent. Personal Foul 15&#xA;  Yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 2-22&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hurdling is an attempt by a player to jump (hurdle) with one or both&#xA;  feet or knees foremost over an opponent who is contacting the ground&#xA;  with no part of his body except one or both feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Once the opposing player has more than just one or both feet contacting the ground the hurdle becomes legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12691" LastActivityDate="2017-01-13T01:08:17.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15306" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-13T12:41:09.163" Score="1" ViewCount="3092" Body="&lt;p&gt;I love watching football. I have an interesting doubt. Did the &lt;strong&gt;Own Goal(OG)&lt;/strong&gt; scored by the player(obviously by mistake) adds to his career stats? OR Its ignored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T19:08:34.477" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T19:08:34.477" Title="Own Goal adds to Career Stats?" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|statistics|own-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-01-19T20:43:04.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15333" CreationDate="2017-01-13T16:46:28.443" Score="6" ViewCount="6473" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is easy to see the referees write on small notebooks during football matches. It happened on some episodes: goals, substitutions, cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially in the case of yellow/red cards, how can they write about the reasons on such small notebooks? I do not remember ever seeing referees turn the page, so I guess there is only a single side to write on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-13T18:36:50.883" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T03:10:28.697" Title="What do the referees write during the matches?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15308" CreationDate="2017-01-13T20:45:21.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A caution can only be given for one of six reasons, and a suspension for one of seven reasons. That reduces the amount required to remember; an offence is in one of just thirteen categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Systems exist to shorten the writing needed. For example, in one possible system&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a caution is given late in the first half for failing to respect distance at an indirect free kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee would write &quot;#7 38 C4 @ IFK&quot; to indicate who received the caution, why the caution was given and when, under what justification in the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Various systems are used by different organisations to make it easy to note the reason for a card, and remind the referee what occurred when they write a match report afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond that, referees develop an experience that helps them remember offences long enough to get through the match. They also have two assistants recording everything as well, so if anything is not recalled, the three can confirm details of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-17T21:01:36.447" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T21:01:36.447" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12748" CreationDate="2017-01-14T15:47:08.397" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started surfing when I was 32. It feels like the learning takes a bit longer than if I was younger, probably because I am not as reckless now. Still, after surfing probably around 30 days total in the last 3 years, I can select and surf a nice green wave waist/chest high and have a lot of fun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have a relatively unfit friend, who is 48 years old. He took lessons with me for 5 days in a row and had fun. He did not manage to stand up, but he enjoys the challenge and the fitness aspect of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a very fit friend, who is 39 years old. He could stand up on the first day and try surfing green waves on the 3rd day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind the saying: &quot;the best surfer is the one who has the most fun.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would recommend to go and try it with an instructor for a week and see how it goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, have a look at Tim Ferriss's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sO5zHyTuOQc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4-day introduction to surfing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12697" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T06:45:15.577" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T06:45:15.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14398" CreationDate="2017-01-14T16:08:55.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you check the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/cristiano-ronaldo-dos-santos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official Real Madrid website&lt;/a&gt;, you would see he has 2 European Super Cup medals in his awards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, Ronaldo definitely received a gold medal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12698" LastEditorUserId="7651" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T06:38:43.850" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T06:38:43.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15306" CreationDate="2017-01-14T21:31:28.243" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, first of all, exactly because considering the one player and team's perpective, is not considered a &lt;em&gt;goal scored&lt;/em&gt;, but a goal against. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, the underline tone of football is movement: it's the movement that decides almost all if not all rules of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, the movement resulting into one own goal is &lt;strong&gt;never&lt;/strong&gt; considered a direct action by one player, but an involuntary one. That's why the own goal is a special kind of goal: for instance, that is the main reason why one player cannot score an own goal directly from a free kick (a corner is given to the opposing team), but he &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; score if he kicks into the the opponents’ goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding statistics, usually at the end of each season, all the o.g. are sometimes anonymously summed up together to the list of all goals scored by one particular team, sometimes the names are present, out of curiosity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12701" LastActivityDate="2017-01-14T21:31:28.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15318" CreationDate="2017-01-15T11:50:30.160" Score="2" ViewCount="31260" Body="&lt;p&gt;My father told me that saying a number of times watching rugby over the years so I thought it was a South African saying but after watching &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk1Fh43Ur48&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=4m47s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; I actually heard an NZ commentator mention it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T06:52:57.217" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T06:52:57.217" Title="Where does the saying that a match ending in a draw is like &quot;kissing your sister&quot; come from?" Tags="|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15317" CreationDate="2017-01-15T12:54:29.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In US traditionally the draw is a result that does not satisfy either of the two teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression comes from Navy coach &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20080104230142/http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0211d&amp;amp;L=ads-l&amp;amp;D=0&amp;amp;P=7866&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eddie Erdelatz in 1953&lt;/a&gt;, when he came up with this classic definition for a tie&#xA;football game while describing a scoreless tie between Navy and Duke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach did not explain this metaphor, but it is possible to think about a kiss like a good thing (the victory), and kissing one's sister takes away the good to this gesture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-15T13:40:29.600" LastActivityDate="2017-01-15T13:40:29.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15320" CreationDate="2017-01-15T17:13:31.820" Score="7" ViewCount="31816" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the current NFL playoffs format, each conference sends 6 teams to the postseason: the 4 division champions and 2 wild card teams. So the most teams a division can have in the playoffs is 3; the division champion and the 2 wild cards. How many times has the wild card teams of the AFC or NFC have been from the same division?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T02:11:01.497" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T05:22:42.850" Title="NFL division with 3 teams in the playoffs" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15319" CreationDate="2017-01-15T18:58:55.567" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL started allowing two wildcard teams per conference to enter the playoffs in the 1978-79 season, and went to three wildcard teams in 1990-91.  With only three divisions per conference, it was quite common to have three teams from one division in the playoffs.  There were even two instances where there were four teams from the NFC Central division in the playoffs, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994-95&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997-98&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when the league went to four divisions and only two wildcard teams per conference in the 2002-03 season, this became somewhat less common.  From that time up through the 2019-20 season, it happened 7 times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006-07&lt;/a&gt; NFC East: Philadelphia Eagles, Dallas Cowboys, New York Giants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007-08&lt;/a&gt; AFC South: Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars, Tennessee Titans&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007-08&lt;/a&gt; NFC East: Dallas Cowboys, New York Giants, Washington Redskins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011-12&lt;/a&gt; AFC North: Baltimore Ravens, Pittsburgh Steelers, Cincinnati Bengals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-14&lt;/a&gt; AFC West: Denver Broncos, Kansas City Chiefs, San Diego Chargers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014-15&lt;/a&gt; AFC North: Pittsburgh Steelers, Cincinnati Bengals, Baltimore Ravens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NFL_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-18&lt;/a&gt; NFC South: New Orleans Saints, Carolina Panthers, Atlanta Falcons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beginning with the 2020-21 season, the NFL has gone to 3 wildcard teams per conference in the playoffs, for a total of 7 playoff teams per conference. It will indeed be possible for all 3 wildcard teams to come from the same division, which would mean that every team in the division would have made it into the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2020-09-22T22:53:31.337" LastActivityDate="2020-09-22T22:53:31.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15321" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-15T22:27:30.577" Score="4" ViewCount="495" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team has substituted the goalkeeper for a sixth skating player, and the opponent team has scored on the empty net while an opponent attacker was in the crease, should the goal be disallowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The attacker is obviously not interfering with the goalkeeper, and supposing they aren't interfering with any defender either, there seems to be no reason why the goal should not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12704" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T02:24:10.233" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T00:08:17.323" Title="Empty net, attacker in the crease: should a goal be allowed or disallowed?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4818" CreationDate="2017-01-16T20:57:57.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll extend &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4821/3257&quot;&gt;jammauss's&lt;/a&gt; answer further.  I searched all &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10681/what-is-the-difference-between-the-atp-and-the-itf&quot;&gt;top tier&lt;/a&gt; tennis results using Jeff Sackmann's great database for &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_wta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's&lt;/a&gt; results over the period 1968-2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;men&lt;/strong&gt;, I could only find:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25&lt;/strong&gt; 0-6 6-0 turnarounds (basically at least one big swing in the match, such that the loser of that 0-6 set storms back to win the match)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;14&lt;/strong&gt; 6-0 0-6 turnarounds (at least two big swings, where someone wins big, then loses big, then wins the match)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, in &lt;strong&gt;women's&lt;/strong&gt;, I only found:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;27&lt;/strong&gt; 0-6 6-0 turnarounds&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;13&lt;/strong&gt; 6-0 0-6 turnarounds&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of complete matches, I also came across the same 2003 Fed Cup Qualifying match between Alvarez and Desilva that jamauss &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4821/3257&quot;&gt;found&lt;/a&gt;.  I don't believe his other match was a WTA tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found one additional match, from the 1993 Fed Cup qualifiers, between Gabriela Beleni (UKR) and Vita Kaminskiate (LTU), which is verified &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.fedcup.com/en/players/player-profile.aspx?id=20004177&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  It is the apparently even more unlikely 6-0 0-6 6-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found no men's matches with all sets to nil with such shifts.  I did not even find any runs of three consecutive to-nil sets with such criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with only about 1 of these simpler winning to losing to nil turnabouts per year on each tour, even with hundreds to thousands of matches from the database each year, it seems apparently very unlikely that a 5 setter will go as such in our lifetimes.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then again, apparently statistical absurdities &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/sports/tennis/25marathonmatch.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;do happen&lt;/a&gt; every once in a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T23:52:24.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15077" CreationDate="2017-01-17T00:50:10.733" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to your question is &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Current NHL teams are allowed to negotiate with the Vegas team, although it is completely up to Vegas to accept the offers. It is common in expansion drafts (in most sports) to have existing teams convince the new team to not select a player by giving them a certain package in return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trade would officially be as follows. The existing team sends a player/pick package in exchange for &quot;future considerations&quot;, which in this case, refer to the expansion team not selecting (or selecting) a certain player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a comparable, look in the 1998 NHL expansion draft, with the Nashville Predators:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_NHL_Expansion_Draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Los Angeles traded Kimmo Timonen and Jan Vopat to Nashville after the Predators agreed not to select Garry Galley.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is one of a many deals that have been made over the years regarding the expansion draft process. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12708" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T00:50:10.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6947" CreationDate="2017-01-17T01:16:11.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the 2015-16 season, NHL coaches are given one timeout per game. There are two scenarios where a challenge is allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A suspected offside occurs before a goal. The coach can challenge the play stating that the play is offside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Goaltender interference occurs, preventing the goalie from being able to make the save, resulting in a goal. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, if the play is deemed fine, the team loses their timeout and ability to make future challenges. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if a challenge is successful, the team keeps their timeout and can make later challenges. As well, the clock gets set back to the end of play, or to when the offside occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team uses their timeout, they also lose their ability to challenge future plays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The play only gets to this process if it gets through the quick review that happens on every goal, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/6951/9319&quot;&gt;as described in this earlier answer&lt;/a&gt;, however that automatic review doesn't include offside review and is very brief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12708" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T11:43:18.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15327" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15328" CreationDate="2017-01-17T10:52:10.877" Score="2" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/305/which-marathons-to-run&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is a great topic but it does not fit on this website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think that an objective criteria to compare marathons could be the number of participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So what are the city marathons with the largest number of participants by continent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to consider only the marathons available for amateurs (no requirements of qualifying times, only something like a bill of health).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T19:06:08.490" Title="What are the marathons with the largest number of participants?" Tags="|running|marathon|road-running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15327" CreationDate="2017-01-17T15:34:35.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The largest marathons by continent, &lt;a href=&quot;http://arrs.net/MaraList/ML_Fin2016.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;as of 2016&lt;/a&gt;, are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;North America&lt;/em&gt;: New York City&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Europe&lt;/em&gt;: Paris&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Asia&lt;/em&gt;: Tokyo International&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Africa&lt;/em&gt;: Soweto&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;South America&lt;/em&gt;: Buenos Aires&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Australia&lt;/em&gt;: Melbourne&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://arrs.net/MaraList/ML_Fin2016.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ARRS&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;South Africa's Comrades Marathon would be considered, but it is actually an ultramarathon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;South America has a very big Sao Silvestre race in Brazil (New Year's Eve &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/15329/35&quot;&gt;traditionally has multiple Saint Silvester races worldwide&lt;/a&gt;) but it's 15km, not a marathon, despite being listed as one in several places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T19:06:08.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-17T16:07:38.407" Score="2" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking specifically of two classic races, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sansilvestrevallecana.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Silvestre de Vallecana&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.saosilvestre.com.br/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Corrida Internacional de São Silvestre&lt;/a&gt;, but those are far from the only such races. What is it about this saint that gets road races where others don't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it as as simple as New Year's Eve being the saint's feast day and also a convenient day for road racing (in the same way that Thanksgiving is a big day for road racing in the USA)? Or is there something particular to associate the saint with running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T11:00:07.597" Title="Why does Saint Silvestre get so many road races?" Tags="|running|road-running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15308" CreationDate="2017-01-18T03:10:28.697" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned, referees will record goals, substitutions and cautions and send-offs in their books throughout the match. Referees will also keep track of injuries, number switches between players (e.g. defender switching shirt with goalkeeper), team official misconduct, any further misconduct by sent-off players and any extraordinary circumstances that need reporting to the competition administrator such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;players revealing non-approved slogans, logos or advertising during the match, as mandated by the final paragraph of &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/other-equipment&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 4.4&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any circumstances leading to the abandonment of a match, so that the competition organisers can make a decision under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.5&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any outside interference during the match that may have led to a significant suspension of play under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.3&lt;/a&gt;, such as poor weather, spectator interference, flood light failure, damage to the goals or pitch - this is especially important in social and recreational matches where added time is not played and such a suspension could influence the final result.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every referee will use a different system for recording information - this may also change depending on the competition rules and reporting requirements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will now provide some examples of how I record information in matches that I referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first step I undertake is splitting the sheet into my book into two columns. On the left, I write the home team and their predominant colour, and on the right the away team and their predominant colour. Down the bottom of the sheet, I will write the date of the match and the competition name. If other information isn't generally available online after the match, such as the ground and the round number, I will record that as well. When performing the coin toss, I will record each captain's name and number in case I need to communicate with them during the match. I will keep note of who has the first kick off in my book, and which goal they are attacking in the first half (relative to me facing the technical area). At half time, I will rule a horizontal line under all recorded information, record who has the second kick-off, and being recording information again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#3 Goal 21'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that number three scored a goal in the 21st minute of the half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#1 -&gt; #3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#3 -&gt; #20 GK 16'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sixteenth minute of the half, #1 put on the #3 shirt, and #3 put on the #20 shirt as part of a goalkeeper change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In matches that don't use return substitutes (as mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-substitutions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.2&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#5 OFF&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#7 ON SUB 44'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the forty-fourth minute of the half, a substitution was made in which #5 came off, and #7 came on. I also have the numbers 1 2 3 written at the bottom of the team's column which are crossed out as subs are used to ensure that a team does not exceed the maximum number of substitutions permitted (usually 3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all competitions that I've refereed, cautions are not appealable, therefore only the caution offence needs to be recorded. I simply record cautions under the following system in my book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y1 - unsporting behaviour;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y2 - dissent by word or action;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y3 - persistent infringement;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y4 - delaying the restart of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y5 - failure to respect the required distance;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y6 - entering or re-entering the field of play without permission;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y7 - deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt; These codes may change next season, as entering/re-entering without permission and leaving without permission have been merged into one offence; furthermore, the ordering of these offences in the Laws of the Game has been modified (alphabetically ordered).&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;along with the player's number, and the time that the offence occurred, under the team's column in my book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to as in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15309/3526&quot;&gt;Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt;, I end up with a row like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#7 Y5 27'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that number 7 was cautioned in the 27th minute of the half, for failure to respect the required distance. Note that in contrast to Nij's example, only the offence is recorded, not the specific details. In the competitions that I referee, it is irrelevant as to whether the offence occurred at a corner kick, free kick or throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The minute is only recorded in case the player is sent-off for receiving a second cautionable offence in the same match. When preparing the send-off report, for completeness, as well as listing the two cautionable offences, I will also state the minute in which each occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For send-offs (other than second cautionable offence), I will also record on the reverse side of the page some information about the offence to help prepare the send-off report after the match e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for offensive, insulting and abusive language I will record the words used and who they were directed to,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for violent conduct I will record how far the player ran to get involved, their dememeanour, whether it was retaliatory, unprovoked, or in self-defence, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity, I may draw a picture using Xs and Os of where defenders were located and where the offence occurred. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the match is completed, I will also add the player's name from the team sheet to the reverse side of the page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Send-offs are recorded using the following scheme in my book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R1 - serious foul play;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R2 - violent conduct;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R3 - spitting;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R4 - denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity by deliberate handling;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R5 - denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity by free kick offence other than deliberate handling;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R6 - offensive, insulting and/or abusive language/gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R7 - second cautionable offence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt; As with the caution codes, these may change next season, as the ordering of sending-off offences in the Laws of the Game has also been modified (there is no meaningful order to these).&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#3 R1 30'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that number 3 was sent-off for serious foul play in the 30th minute of the half. On the reverse side (or in another page), I will have some notes like this. This is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; what I would write in the send-off report after the match - just some notes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#3 R1 Anklehackers FC (Home)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sprinted towards stationary opponent on touchline in front of&#xA;  technical area. Jumped from two metres away with both feet 10 - 15cm&#xA;  off the ground at the ball. Made contact with the ball. Left leg made&#xA;  no contact with opponent, right leg contact with left knee of&#xA;  opponent. Opponent was seriously injured and took no further part in&#xA;  the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the conclusion of the match, this would be updated to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#3 R1 Anklehackers FC (Home) &lt;strong&gt;John Smith&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sprinted towards stationary opponent on touchline in front of&#xA;  technical area. Jumped from two metres away with both feet 10 - 15cm&#xA;  off the ground at the ball. Made contact with the ball. Left leg made&#xA;  no contact with opponent, right leg contact with left knee of&#xA;  opponent. Opponent was seriously injured and took no further part in&#xA;  the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in order to be able to complete the send-off report.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#4 Y1 30'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#4 Y2 15'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#4 R7 15'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As there is a horizontal rule, this means halftime occurred between the two cautions. So in the 30th minute of the first half, number 4 was cautioned for unsporting behaviour. In the 15th minute of the second half (the 60th minute if we're playing 45-minute halves in the competition), number 4 was cautioned for dissent, and subsequently sent-off for receiving a second caution in the same match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the match, I will write the following on the reverse side of the sheet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#4 R7 15' Anklehackers FC (Home) Tom Jones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in order to be able to complete the send-off report. When completing send-off reports for a second caution, if either or both of the cautions are for unsporting behaviour, as a courtesy, I will also provide the form of unsporting behaviour from &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt; under the &lt;em&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&lt;/em&gt; section - e.g. recklessly kicked an opponent, carelessly tripped an opponent to interfere with or stop a promising attack - if I can remember it (I never have forgotten in ten years of refereeing, as it would be extremely unlikely for there to be more than one, or at most two send-offs in a match). However, this is strictly not required in the leagues I referee in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I will provide an example of the team sheets and sending-off reports that are used in competitions I referee in. No matter what scheme the referee uses to record information, they must have at least enough information to complete the sheet. Note that in the following team sheets, the referee completes the section that is highlighted in blue (the team managers complete the sections that are highlighted in yellow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any injuries, or other pertinent information are recorded in the &lt;em&gt;Referees (sic) Remarks&lt;/em&gt; section on the reverse side of the sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Team sheet front&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KAERf.png&quot; alt=&quot;Team Sheet Front&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Team sheet reverse&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FhOah.png&quot; alt=&quot;Team Sheet Reverse&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt; the goalscorer and minutes of goals are not recorded in these competitions. However, I am always in the habit of recording this information, as occasionally I do referee competitions where this information is required.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each send-off that occurs within the match, a separate send-off report must be completed. Information such as the location and round can usually be obtained via the competition website, but it is important to ensure that the player's name is copied from the team sheet, as the team sheet remains with the home team at the conclusion of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PFf3K.png&quot; alt=&quot;Send-off Report&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T03:10:28.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15334" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15336" CreationDate="2017-01-18T06:21:15.950" Score="1" ViewCount="23620" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many matches, defenders can be seen pulling the shirts of opppnents during corner kicks and free kicks. But referees never called a foul or award a free kick or penalty to the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is pulling the opponent's shirt allowed? Why would it go unpenalised if it is not allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of such an event is below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uxAFW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uxAFW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12264" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-18T07:24:20.520" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T19:29:45.127" Title="Is pulling shirts allowed in football? If not, why is it unpenalized?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15334" CreationDate="2017-01-18T07:20:48.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 12, part 1 states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;holds an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in which pulling the shirt is included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why any given instance of shirt-pulling or other apparent foul is not penalised, there are many possible reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;none of the officials saw the offence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an official saw the offence but determined it to not have affected play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an official saw the offence but an earlier offence was under advantage, and hence took precedence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an official saw the offence but played advantage for it, so play is not stopped&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T02:25:03.677" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15329" CreationDate="2017-01-18T11:00:07.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not actually a running specific thing, or specific to any festival. This also happens with events such as the Edinburgh &lt;a href=&quot;https://edinburghshogmanay.com/events/loony-dook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Loony Dook&lt;/a&gt; on the 1st of January every year, and these are not associated with Saint Silvestre (who is relatively unknown in the UK.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Big festivals or celebrations such as New Year's Eve / Hogmanay / etc. have a few features that are interesting which make them suitable for large events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;they are holidays, so participants do not need to take time off work&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;large groups of people will be in one area anyway, with family and friends, to celebrate the festival, so can all enter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;traffic is usually very light, as people do not travel, so closing roads is easier than at peak travel times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with New Year events, participants may join in order to burn off some of the excess calories they ate over the festive season. Guilt is a good driver for sports!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T11:00:07.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2017-01-18T22:24:57.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yourswimlog.com/vertical-kicking/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vertical kicking&lt;/a&gt; is one great way to get a handle on the undulation aspect of the kick. Trying to improve your undulation on a kickboard can be tough if you have poor low back and hip flexibility (as most people do). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other tips for making the most of this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Put on some fins if you can't keep your face baove water when&#xA;vertical kicking. Alternate speeds; try overly wide, massive and&#xA;slow kicks. Move on to quicker, slimmer pulsating kicks. By playing&#xA;around with tempo and foot speed you will get a better idea of what&#xA;is most efficient for your kicking motion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12712" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T22:24:57.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15334" CreationDate="2017-01-18T23:22:37.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shirt pull has the effect of holding up an opponent, it is punishable by a direct free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;holds an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shirt pulling also breaks up or interferes with a promising attack, the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;commits a foul or handles the ball to interfere with or stop a promising attack&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shirt pulling denies an obvious goalscoring opportunity, the player is sent-off, no matter where the offence occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the opponents’ goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick, the offending player is cautioned unless:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offence is &lt;strong&gt;holding, pulling&lt;/strong&gt; or pushing or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offending player does not attempt to play the ball or there is no possibility for the player making the challenge to play the ball or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offence is one which is punishable by a red card wherever it occurs on the field of play (e.g. serious foul play, violent conduct etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the above circumstances the player is sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the photograph you've provided, any competent referee would consider that level of shirt pulling to be holding. It should have been punished with a penalty kick, since it occurred in the penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like any other foul, even if shirt pulling does hold an opponent, if it's not seen by the referee or another member of the officiating team, it will go unpenalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, like any other foul, if stopping play for the free kick would harm the fouled team more than allowing play to continue, the referee will wait a few seconds to see if advantage can be played. If within that few seconds, the attacking team end up with a better opportunity than the free kick would have afforded, play continues. This does not preclude the referee from returning to warn or caution the offender when the ball is next out of play &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf6JnLqIR8s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;as shown here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T23:27:43.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15321" CreationDate="2017-01-19T00:19:47.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, there's no question that this is allowed since in the NHL, players are allowed to stand in the crease so long as they don't interfere with the goalie. Seeing as there's no goalie in the net to interfere with, I don't see how it wouldn't be allowed. An exception to this is if one of the six defending players chooses to attempt to play goalie and stand in the net, an attacking player standing in the crease could be considered interference if they interfered with the defending player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, international hockey games are a different story. There's no official rule stating if you can or can't do so. There is however a crease violation, which is meant to protect goaltenders by not letting players come into the crease. This leads me to assume that it's the same rule as with the NHL, which means, yes, you're right. On an empty net, it's safe to assume that crease violations are void due to the nature of crease violations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that this is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; definitive proof, and should not be taken as a guaranteed fact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12708" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T00:19:47.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9097" CreationDate="2017-01-19T06:58:04.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL tracks which players have the most 1st stars then gives them points based on their accumulation of 1st 2nd and 3rd stars, where 1st --&gt; 30 points, 2nd --&gt; 20 points, and 3rd --&gt; 10 points. This information can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/threestarsstandings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastEditorUserId="12715" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T21:57:04.513" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T21:57:04.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13196" CreationDate="2017-01-19T07:32:29.897" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently long distance runners are consistently beaten by their wheelchair counterparts. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/sep/08/can-disabled-athletes-outcompete-able-bodied-athletes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article on the topic&lt;/a&gt; reads&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... in every distance race further than 400m, the world record times of wheelchair athletes are faster than their able-bodied counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes on to give full detail and information about the disparity between able-bodied long-distance runners and wheelchair ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T09:55:47.440" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T09:55:47.440" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14641" CreationDate="2017-01-19T07:48:16.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell it has always been a rule. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/hockey/nhlhistory/nhlrules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; references all major rule changes in the NHL since 1910, and cross-checking is not listed whatsoever. So I think it was probably a rule at the NHL's conception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T07:48:16.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15306" CreationDate="2017-01-19T08:04:12.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Own goals do not contribute to offensive goal statistics and are simply counted as a different statistic altogether, as you said &quot;OG&quot;. This statistic would be tracked throughout a players career however, and a full description of the exact rules regarding own goals can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Own_goal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T08:04:12.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-19T11:54:31.087" Score="8" ViewCount="9434" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player decides to employ a strategy of deliberately hitting his opponent to try to intimidate or injure them, it would be considered unsportsmanlike but would it be against the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, has anyone actually tried this at a professional level? Cause I'm thinking, especially in doubles where one player is at the net, given that a tennis ball can be hit at 200km/h+ - it would actually be an effective strategy to mess with your opponent and maybe win the point if you can hit them on the full.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T13:45:56.723" Title="Are there any rules in Tennis regarding deliberately aiming the ball at the player?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15345" CreationDate="2017-01-19T12:37:35.140" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be no rule against hitting an opponent and many players have included body shots in their repertoire. (This assertion is validated by the fact that players like the Bryan brothers and Ivan Lendl are patrons of this strategy and there appears to be no record of any punitive action against them for using it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for more examples of players who used this strategy to win points, you can find a lot of examples in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.si.com/tennis/2013/08/13/ethics-being-hit-opponents-shot-tennis&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this 2013 article from Sports Illustrated&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Where this really becomes an issue,&amp;quot; [Brad] Gilbert said, &amp;quot;is in doubles. At close range like that, it's simply good strategy to hit the ball directly at someone. The Bryan twins [Bob and Mike] do that pretty often; you'd better be ready. Leander Paes [the accomplished doubles specialist from India] is a genius at it.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Andy Murray enlisted Ivan Lendl as his coach two years ago, he quickly became aware of Lendl's penchant for targeting the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one risks losing the respect of fans and opponents on using this strategy often. In my opinion, opponents with good reflexes can sometimes return the shot thus making it a not so viable strategy in the long run, but the above examples show that it is a strategy that is used to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T13:00:20.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15349" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-19T17:04:00.010" Score="1" ViewCount="3874" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen in Cricket matches that the umpire confirms whether the ball made contact with the edge of the bat before hitting the stumps, what is the significance of this. If the ball doesn't make contact with the bat before knocking the stumps off will the decision still be bowled ?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12719" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T00:43:57.630" Title="In Cricket what if the ball makes contact with the edge of the bat before hitting the stumps?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15349" CreationDate="2017-01-19T18:56:28.583" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-bowled/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The wording of Law 30 which covers the scenario of a batsman getting bowled out is as follows (emphasis mine).&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Out Bowled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The striker is out Bowled if his wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, &lt;strong&gt;even if it first touches his bat or person&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are outlining the scenario where the batsman edges the ball before it hits the stump, so the decision would still be that the batsman is bowled out. In the modern game, umpires sometimes spend a few seconds after a bowled decision to verify that the delivery was not a no ball. Perhaps this is the confirmation that the umpire is seeking, which you seem to have confused with something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T18:56:28.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15097" CreationDate="2017-01-19T19:54:28.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;...Pass to no one,&quot; would not be considered a pass at all in this context, but would instead be considered a dribble. The NBA defines a pass as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...the deliberate attempt to move a live ball between two teammates, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as referenced &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passing_(sports)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_basketball_terms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The action applied to the ball in this play is clearly not a deliberate pass attempt. The action of a double dribble and its associated penalty can be referenced &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/2014-15-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; as well as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. However in this play, there is in fact no double dribble at all, as after the player dribbles he takes more than two steps before he comes into contact with the ball again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastEditorUserId="12715" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T21:54:41.617" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T21:54:41.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15353" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15358" CreationDate="2017-01-19T22:34:55.720" Score="5" ViewCount="24440" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I'm curious what the mean, median, and mode average heights are in the NBA. From what I can find it looks like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height_in_sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the mean average is about 6'7”&lt;/a&gt;, but I can't find any trace of median or mode averages in inches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T15:39:52.410" LastActivityDate="2023-05-05T20:14:19.963" Title="What is the average height in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15321" CreationDate="2017-01-20T00:08:17.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal may be disallowed in this case because as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockeyplayer.com/paid/publish/printer_401.shtml&quot;&gt;rule 78-b of the NHL’s playing rules&lt;/a&gt; states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unless the puck is in the goal crease area, a player of the attacking side may not stand in the goal crease. If the puck should enter the net while such conditions prevail, the goal shall not be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ergo, if the attacking player is standing in the crease while the puck is not in the crease, then the goal is void.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T00:08:17.323" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5856" CreationDate="2017-01-20T04:16:43.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-do-sports-team-owners-make-money&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;similar questions that has been brought up on other sites&lt;/a&gt;. Ultimately though, generally speaking after all annual revenue is collected and all expenses are paid, sports franchises do not make a profit. However majority increase in value annually, hence even if a owner is not making a profit through advertising and sales, their net worth still increases. This fact can be seen in the graphic below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CXPbl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CXPbl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;NFL and MLB Average Franchise Net Worths Over Time&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Sports-Business-How-much-do-NBA-team-owners-make-per-year&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;it is not the motivation of a sports team owner to make a profit&lt;/a&gt;, but to have their franchise increase in value. That's not to say that all teams don't make money, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesportster.com/entertainment/top-15-pro-sports-teams-that-actually-lose-money/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;but many do not&lt;/a&gt;. It does seem that profitability of sports franchises for their owners is more dependent on the change in value of the team from its purchase to when it is sold than how much money it actually makes through ticket sales and television deals. However some teams are able to both make a profit and increase in net worth. A notable example of this can be found in the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, whom &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/teams/los-angeles-angels-of-anaheim/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;have produced solid profits and steadily increasing value in past years&lt;/a&gt;, this is explained in part through the first source, where a user points out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Angels were able to sign Albert Pujols to a $254million, 10-year contract due to their just-completed regional cable deal for $3billion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example of both profit and increase in value can be seen in the New York Yankees whom have also been able to achieve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/teams/new-york-yankees/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;record value and steady profits annually&lt;/a&gt; through massive television deals. But both profit and value are rare, as typically more valuable teams have far greater expenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T04:16:43.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15357" CreationDate="2017-01-20T05:09:20.930" Score="4" ViewCount="2911" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many cricket matches, the decisions taken by the on field umpires get overturned especially in case of LBW dismissals, using the DRS system. What happens if the batsman scored a run off that ball or hit a boundary? Are the runs scored in that ball added to the team's total? Are there any stats about such runs added to team totals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T07:13:43.180" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T19:56:51.397" Title="What happens to runs scored when an umpire's decision is overturned by DRS?" Tags="|rules|cricket|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-01-20T06:47:09.550" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least under ICC rules, no runs are scored as the ball is dead. Quoting from the current &lt;a href=&quot;http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/580f28884d0d2-03]%20Standard%20Test%20Match_2016%20-%202017%20Clean.pdf&quot;&gt;ICC Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Appendix 1, Section 3.6(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If following a Player Review request, an original decision of ‘Out’ is changed to ‘Not Out’, then the ball is still deemed to have become dead when the original decision &#xA;  was made&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything else would be very unfair to the bowling side, who will have stopped chasing the ball at the moment the umpire gave the original &quot;out&quot; decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in a different form of the game, you'll obviously need to read the playing conditions for that format. The ODI playing conditions contain exactly the same wording in Appendix 3, and DRS is not currently used for T20Is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T06:47:09.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15353" CreationDate="2017-01-20T12:07:45.133" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the data at the NBA's great &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.nba.com/league/player/#!/bio&quot;&gt;stats page&lt;/a&gt;, I put together:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tGPTO.png&quot; alt=&quot;NBA Player Heights&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This indeed has a mean just over 6'7&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Mode as indicated is 6'9&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Median is 6'7&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And a standard deviation of about 3.5&quot; inches just for good statistical completeness (even looks loosely normal, which is a tad surprising).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would be nice to break down by position (or limit it to starters), but the wouldn't do that for me despite suggesting it would.  Unfortunately there also was no minutes played option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gotta be pretty tall, eh!?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T12:07:45.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-20T21:45:32.910" Score="3" ViewCount="5608" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where did Atlanta Falcons' quarterback Matt Ryan get his nickname?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T05:02:17.353" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T05:02:17.353" Title="Why is Matt Ryan nicknamed &quot;Matty Ice&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15359" CreationDate="2017-01-20T22:13:43.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/rosstuckernfl/status/655916246244966400?lang=en&quot;&gt;According to NBC Sports analyst Ross Tucker&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Matt Ryan's nickname &quot;Matty Ice&quot; not from clutch play but affinity for Natural Ice in high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, he is named after a beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T22:13:43.123" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15359" CreationDate="2017-01-20T22:26:09.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to his high school (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn_Charter_School&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Penn Charter&lt;/a&gt;) baseball coach, Richard Mellor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Matt started his first varsity baseball game as a freshman, at third&#xA;  base against Malvern Prep. We were playing against his older brother,&#xA;  Motts. Matt had two hits, no errors, and we won. That's how he got the&#xA;  nickname Matty Ice.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/espnmag/story?id=3385125&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/espnmag/story?id=3682091&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T22:26:09.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15349" CreationDate="2017-01-21T17:38:14.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect that you are talking about the Ultra Edge used as part of the DRS. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is used only in case of LBW or Caught forms of dismissal. In case of LBW, if the ball has hit the bat before hitting the pad, he is not out right away, and they can avoid the ball tracker altogether. In case of Caught, well, it is quite obvious why they want to check for the edge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires don't check for edges in case of Bowled decisions, because if the wicket is down by a fair delivery, batsman is bowled, regardless of whether it hit the bat or the batsman's body along the way. (By the way, according to Brad Haddin, it is also okay if the &lt;em&gt;wicketkeeper&lt;/em&gt; gently helps the ball onto the stumps when the fielding side &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; needs the wicket. ;-) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastActivityDate="2017-01-21T17:38:14.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15301" CreationDate="2017-01-22T19:16:16.333" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it can happen, sometimes happens when the wrong player got the card and the one who should have got it goes to the ref.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;edit:what I said, I have  seen it happen in regular amateur games, similar to the shetfield incident, but on the same team. Have not found any video or case in pro-football, maybe because they are also more aware that an error giving a second yellow card can cause an expulsion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can the player affect a decision: Ben Davis says he told him to check with his linesmenn.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5zSfJszOg8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5zSfJszOg8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12732" LastEditorUserId="12732" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T14:19:46.797" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T14:19:46.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-22T19:25:38.860" Score="5" ViewCount="1168" Body="&lt;p&gt;During &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/14250&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arsenal's home game against Burnley&lt;/a&gt;, Dean Marney committed a cautionable foul against Mesut Özil which resulted in injuring himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee retrieved his card, but waited for the player to stand up before booking him. Unfortunately, the injury was serious enough that he was to be stretchered off the pitch, and the referee booked him on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see this &quot;book-when-standing&quot; principle in many other matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a matter of etiquette, or this is required by the Laws of the Game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7651" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T06:32:54.953" Title="Why do referees wait for a player to stand up before booking them?" Tags="|football|officiating|etiquette|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15366" CreationDate="2017-01-22T19:35:28.163" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is listed in the Fifa Law Book that it is advisable for the referee to wait for the player to stand up before booking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is mostly a matter of etiquette.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12733" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T19:35:28.163" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15366" CreationDate="2017-01-22T19:55:11.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is ostensibly no requirements in law that the referee wait (while the wording and structure of Law 12, in addition to all statements about time, delays and restarts, suggest that referees should aspire to the least amount of delay possible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a practical matter, the referee needs to ensure the player knows they have been cautioned, as that fact significantly alters both tactical and strategic choices for the player and their team. It also clarifies to other players, officials and spectators that &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; is the player being cautioned, especially when other players and officials are gathered around the injured player. Finally, it provides for the injured player to be treated quickly if possible, and whether they will need to leave the field so that the caution should be given prior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sum, it is an issue of common sense and effectiveness from several angles. I am not aware of any official materials on the matter, but it is likely some of them refer to this practise either implicitly or explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T19:55:11.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15370" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-23T05:55:59.593" Score="5" ViewCount="3308" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can UNC have 32 basketball games in their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goheels.com/SportSelect.dbml?SPID=12965&amp;amp;SPSID=668157&amp;amp;SITE=UNC&amp;amp;DB_OEM_ID=3350&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017 regular season schedule&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought the absolute max was 31 and everywhere I check online it shows the max to be 31&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloggingthebracket.com/2015/7/9/8916893/2015-16-college-basketball-early-season-tournaments-exempt-background&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.momentummedia.com/articles/cm/cm1406/bbtwoinfour.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; explains this phenomenon:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Under the new rules [instituted in 2006], teams can play either 29 regular season games or&#xA;  27 regular season games plus no more than four games in one multi-team&#xA;  tournament for a &lt;strong&gt;maximum of 31 games&lt;/strong&gt;. Conference and other postseason&#xA;  tournaments do not count against the limit. Before the change, teams&#xA;  were limited to 28 games, with exempt multi-team events counting as&#xA;  one of those 28 contests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12737" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T20:00:59.263" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T15:36:33.830" Title="How many games does the UNC basketball team play as part of their regular season schedule?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15366" CreationDate="2017-01-23T06:32:54.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is simply a tradition, so you will be unlikely to find an explicit reference for it. As mentioned in the other answers, ensuring the player and all other participants know who the caution or send-off signal is intended for is important, as is ensuring any player on the ground is not injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has not been mentioned is that for cautions, it is desirable to elicit a change in player behaviour, since they will usually be remaining on the field of play after the caution. When a player is cautioned, the referee can save themselves a potential sending-off for a second caution by trying to calm a player down and outlining to a player that they are on their final chance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being cautioned with a (usually menacingly tall - most elite-level football referees are well over six feet tall) referee standing over you can be an intimidating and humiliating experience, and is unlikely to elicit a positive response in which the player listens to the referee. Therefore, the player is asked to stand - or the referee may offer them a hand up, so they are on equal footing with the referee and so that the interaction is respectful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee then explains what the caution is for, and if they feel that the player is potentially in an agitated or irrational state and likely to reoffend, reminds them that if another offence of a similar nature occurs, they will have no choice but to send them off and that they would much rather that the player stays on the field. If required by the competition rules, the referee may also ask the player's name during this stage - in most competitions, the number suffices and the name is taken from the match sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such an interaction is not possible if the referee rushes in, stands over a downed player and flashes the card. Even in heated situations, a referee can at least sprint to the location of the downed player, with the card in hand without showing it. This way, other players know that punishment is coming and they should not retaliate, yet the referee still has the opportunity to attempt to improve the player's future conduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T06:32:54.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15377" CreationDate="2017-01-23T11:58:46.947" Score="8" ViewCount="531" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the match between PSG and Nantes, Marco Verratti was cautioned (received a yellow card) for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccgpQBObhdc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; pass to the goalkeeper, which was headed back rather than kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the referee has interpreted the behavior as unsportsmanlike, but do the rules confirm this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-01-26T17:46:23.100" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T17:46:23.100" Title="Why did Verratti get a card for this back pass?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4479" CreationDate="2017-01-23T12:25:19.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a female 51 year old snowboarder. I think these answers here are right on the money. My strong advice is the protective gear. Also, make sure your bindings are correctly adjusted for your comfort. I just made a tiny adjustment to my stance and had a 100% better day out there. I ride over 20 days a season and I ride with my teens. Because of their ability to learn quickly and to overcome fear, they help me ride better. I'm still behind them, but I'm closing in on them! They even drag me into the terrain parks. But you may want to hold off on that for a bit! Always try to improve your riding by a small percentage each time you go out and if you ride with someone more experienced, I find that you automatically get better. Edge control is cardinal, and believe me, after only five seasons, I still fall. We all fall, no matter what level. This is a good thing. Fear is your enemy and speed is your friend when riding. I'm not saying charging down the mountain, but going too slow will cause you to fall more as well. Counter-rotation is the biggest mistake I see out there. This is when your body isn't in proper alignment, so when you hit a bump, down you go. Keep your shoulders straight, and in alignment with your hips. Bend your knees. Never stand straight up. Head faces downhill and eyes looking ahead to where you want to go. Don't look down. If you find yourself flailing your arms all over the place as you ride, grab the side of your pants, and continue that way for a run. Watch how much better you ride. Your edge transitions will come naturally with riding and mixing up your terrain. Again, as stated above, at your own pace. It will come. Want to know how to force yourself to become better at riding? Ride switch. It's slow and fun, but watch what happens when you go back to your normal stance. Also, take a run on a mogel field. No joke, you will fall, but you will go through carefully, bending your knees to absorb each mogel (we ride over, skiers ride around them). They are incredibly effective to force some fear out of you, while having a lot of fun. Just take it slow and at your own pace. By the time you read this text, I'm certain you're already riding the blacks and in the glades! Good luck. Ride on!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12740" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T12:25:19.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15375" CreationDate="2017-01-23T12:40:21.073" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offence committed by Marco Verratti is mentioned under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3: Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;uses a deliberate trick to pass the ball (including from a free kick) to the goalkeeper with the head, chest, knee etc. to circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going down under no pressure to head the ball to the keeper certainly fits the act that this rule aims to punish and although the referee has drawn flak for brandishing the yellow card, he has followed the rule and taken appropriate action for Verratti's offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-01-24T21:17:37.483" LastActivityDate="2017-01-24T21:17:37.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15379" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15380" CreationDate="2017-01-24T21:29:43.567" Score="8" ViewCount="4404" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing with a friend (neither of us are particularly good) and on a shot that hit the net and went over my friend threw his paddle and managed to hit the ball back on my side and score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't imagine it being very useful but would this be legal in an official table tennis match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11251" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T20:23:22.690" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T20:23:22.690" Title="Can you throw a table tennis paddle?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15379" CreationDate="2017-01-24T21:59:27.610" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not legal. Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://tabletennisengland.co.uk/about/rules-regs/the-basic-rules-of-table-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Table Tennis England Rules of the game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Strike – 2.5.7 – A player strikes the ball if he touches it in play with his racket, &lt;strong&gt;held in the hand&lt;/strong&gt;, or with his racket hand below the wrist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis) and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Procedure – 2.7.1 – The ball, having been served or returned, shall be struck so that it touches the opponent’s court, either directly or after touching the net assembly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. the ball must be struck in order for it to be a legal return, and a strike can happen only if the racket is held in the hand. This then results in the loss of the point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Conditions – 2.10.1 – Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Incorrect return – 2.10.1.2 – if his opponent fails to make a correct return;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-01-24T21:59:27.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15370" CreationDate="2017-01-25T19:41:32.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like the game against Chaminade is exempt from the 31 game maximum due to an NCAA rule about playing games in Hawaii.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=668156&amp;amp;SPID=12965&amp;amp;DB_LANG=C&amp;amp;SITE=UNC&amp;amp;DB_OEM_ID=3350&amp;amp;ATCLID=211074189&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is a link giving information about that.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The opener against Chaminade is in part made possible because of an NCAA rule regarding the University of Hawaii, which sometimes has trouble scheduling home games. NCAA rules permit a team playing in the Maui Inviational to play a game at Hawaii as essentially a &quot;free&quot; game that does not count against the maximum; that free game is why the Tar Heels can afford to play Division II Chaminade in the Maui opener.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/messenger-inquirer.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/0/05/00553ff4-0cf8-11e3-b8a2-001a4bcf887a/52191b8e6b611.pdf.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;And here is a link with the rule, although not from an NCAA source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;17.3.6.7 Once-in-Four-Years Exemption – Contests in Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico&#xA;  or Canada. Once every four years, an institution may exempt from its maximum contest limits a&#xA;  maximum of four contests during a single trip to Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico or Canada, either&#xA;  against or under the sponsorship of an active member institution located in Hawaii, Alaska,&#xA;  Puerto Rico or Canada, by a member institution located outside the area in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T19:41:32.830" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15370" CreationDate="2017-01-25T21:35:57.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The game at the University of Hawaii (not Chaminade) on Nov. 18 is likely the source of the 32nd game.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/usc/genrel/auto_pdf/2015-16/misc_non_event/NCAA_Division_I_Manual.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-16 bylaws&lt;/a&gt; (the most recent I can find):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;17.3.5.3 Annual Exemptions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(f) Regular-Season Contest Against Alaska/Hawaii Member. One regular-season game in Hawaii or&#xA;    Alaska versus a member institution located in that state; (Adopted: 1/9/96 effective 8/1/96)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game against Chaminade is part of the 4-game multi-team event exemption (17.3.5.1.1 Qualifying Regular-Season Multiple-Team Event) for the Maui Invitational.  Those three games, plus the &quot;extra&quot; game played earlier against Chatanooga, make up their four-game exemption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;H/t to GB11 for pointing the right direction (the right part of the bylaws).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T21:35:57.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15349" CreationDate="2017-01-26T00:39:34.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Law 30, which (as CodeNewbie quotes) states the striker is out bowled &quot;if his wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler&quot;, you also need to be aware of Law 28 on what constitutes the wicket being &quot;put down&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a batsman to be given out bowled, it is not sufficient for the ball to hit the wicket without either a bail being completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump being struck out of the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Link to Law 28: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-wicket-is-down/&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might think this stipulation is pointless and that a wicket will always be broken in one or both of the above ways if a ball hits it, but in fact that is not always the case, although the exceptions are obviously quite rare. Usually they occur when either the ball just barely brushes the edge of the stump or the ball trickles onto the wicket at very low speed. Whatever the reason, if the bails remain intact and no stump is removed then the batsman is not out. Here is an excellent Youtube video showing six examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Que0RkDHews&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Que0RkDHews&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12579" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T00:39:34.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15349" CreationDate="2017-01-26T00:43:57.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, before the Laws of Cricket were recodified in 2000, they defined &quot;wicket down&quot; solely as the complete removal of either bail from the top of the stumps, without going on to add &quot;&lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; a stump being struck out of the ground&quot; as is the case today. This old codification of the Law occasionally produced even more bizarre cases of the batsman being &quot;not out&quot; - in 1947, for example, playing for New South Wales against Victoria, the Australian test player Arthur Morris was clean bowled middle stump, but because the 116 degree heat had caused the varnish on the bails to glue them to the other stumps, they were not removed and thus Morris was not out. The amendment in the 2000 Code means Morris would not have got away with it as the Laws now stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link to the Morris incident:  &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.fr/books?id=KDIxbom3Wb4C&amp;amp;pg=PT131&amp;amp;lpg=PT131&amp;amp;dq=bowled+&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.fr/books?id=KDIxbom3Wb4C&amp;amp;pg=PT131&amp;amp;lpg=PT131&amp;amp;dq=bowled+&lt;/a&gt;&quot;not+out&quot;+bails+heat&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=3tki6LKejF&amp;amp;sig=uO00zQ_lv0-EmtIPJseRB6EKkR4&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi-9IH8wN7RAhWCchoKHQLBBdoQ6AEILTAD#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=bowled%20%22not%20out%22%20bails%20heat&amp;amp;f=false&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12579" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T00:43:57.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-01-26T01:30:55.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I can add to Philip's excellent answer, the ICC makes it clear that the Test Match Playing Conditions &quot;must be read together with the overall Laws of Cricket&quot; (see this link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/88552/new-playing-conditions-come-into-effect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/88552/new-playing-conditions-come-into-effect&lt;/a&gt; ) and the Law which applies here is Law 23 on the Dead Ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Link to Law 23: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 23.1 (iii) states that the ball is dead when &quot;a batsman is dismissed. The ball will be deemed to be dead from the instant of the incident causing the dismissal&quot;. So, even if the dismissal is reversed by DRS, the fact remains that the ball is dead from the moment of the incident causing the initial dismissal. It might also be pertinent to refer to Law 23.5, setting out when the ball ceases to be dead. Once it is considered to be dead, it can &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; cease to be so &quot;when the bowler starts his run up or, if he has no run up, his bowling action&quot; (for the following delivery).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12579" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T01:30:55.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-27T04:18:54.310" Score="8" ViewCount="3246" Body="&lt;p&gt;In North American football, why are 2 of the offensive linemen referred to as &quot;offensive tackles&quot;? I mean, 1) they're not allowed, under the rules, to tackle anyone, and 2) there is no equivalent defensive position, though &quot;tackling&quot; is an important part of the defense's job?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12748" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-01-27T04:42:23.827" LastActivityDate="2017-02-02T19:49:33.417" Title="In North American football, why are 2 of the 5 offensive linemen called &quot;tackles&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15389" CreationDate="2017-01-27T14:20:19.777" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking deeper into the initial development of the word tackle, from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dictionary.com/browse/tackle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Middle English (denoting equipment for a specific task): probably from&#xA;  Middle Low German takel, from taken: lay hold of. Early senses of the&#xA;  verb ( late Middle English) described the provision and handling of a&#xA;  ship's equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the role of an offensive tackle is both to grapple and to guide, very fitting.  And we indeed still have some situations today where we can mean tackle as to wrestle with a situation rather than to necessarily to defeat it, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'll take care of the homework first, then I'll tackle studying for the final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the sports usage really evolved down from that meaning, it actually seems slightly more odd that soccer calls it a tackle!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I had a feeling it was quite a bit more complex than simply that explanation, and voilà, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.antiquefootball.com/football_etymology.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AntiqueFootball.com&lt;/a&gt; came through in spades!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically it indicates that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players originally played both sides of the ball&lt;/strong&gt; (makes sense, since the game derived from the continual action of rugby).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The primary offensive play was to run towards the outside (as it often is in rugby).  So the &lt;strong&gt;defenders on the edge of the line were tasked predominantly with tackling&lt;/strong&gt;, and so were named for that, regardless of which side of the ball they were playing at any given moment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Philip indicated in his comment to you, defensive tackle is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_tackle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;still&lt;/a&gt; a standard position in North American football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's only then that the offensive side became disconnected from its origin.  And I was shocked the article suggests that platoon football, where you have separate teams for offence and defence, didn't come into much popularity until into the 1960s!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-02-02T19:49:33.417" LastActivityDate="2017-02-02T19:49:33.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14825" CreationDate="2017-01-27T14:38:35.513" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the ESPN video. It is a horn from a yacht, but it wasn't the Norris Family -- it was the Wirtz family. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never seen footage from a game in Chicago where the horn blasted, prior to 1983..  If you look up the &quot;surrender&quot; game vs. Vancouver in 1982, there is no horn. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CBC did a feature on the Chicago Stadium in 1985 during the playoffs that went behind the scenes on the horn, which leads me to believe it was relatively new (1983'ish) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12749" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T14:38:35.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-27T14:46:37.447" Score="2" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that a team that was ranked in the top 5 anytime during the season didn't make the NCAA Tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12750" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T16:46:48.903" Title="Has it every happened that a team that was ranked in the top 5 anytime during the season didn't make the NCAA Tournament?" Tags="|basketball|history|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15392" CreationDate="2017-01-27T16:40:40.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that a team that was ranked in the top 5 anytime during the season didn't make the NCAA Tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/seasons/2013-polls.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;most recent instance&lt;/a&gt; took place during the 2012-2013 season. Kentucky was ranked #3 in the preseason AP and Coaches' polls and held that ranking in both polls up to week 2. By week 5 (with the exception of week 15), Kentucky was outside the top 25 in the AP poll. By week 9, Kentucky was outside the top 25 in the Coaches' poll.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/seasons/2016-polls.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; page from Sports Reference shows the top 25 teams in the AP and Coaches' poll for each week during a season and * indicates a NCAA tournament team. Parsing through these per season may yield more results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-01-27T16:46:48.903" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T16:46:48.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15419" CreationDate="2017-01-29T08:14:01.720" Score="9" ViewCount="1943" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems the Australian Open is the only Grand Slam event in tennis that does not have both men's singles semifinal matches on the same day.  This means the man who won his semifinal match on Thursday will have 2 days of rest before the final, and the man who won his semifinal match on Friday will only have 1 day of rest.  It would seem that the man who has 2 days of rest would have an advantage, especially if both of the semifinals went 5 sets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been any analysis or statistics (such as win-loss record) that show that the man with 2 days of rest indeed has an advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T11:12:01.627" Title="Does the man with an extra day of rest at the Australian Open have an advantage?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15400" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-29T09:01:56.653" Score="6" ViewCount="3406" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent game the batsman charged the bowler on a &quot;Free hit&quot;. He missed the ball, which was taken by the wicket-keeper, who broke the wicket with the batsman out of his ground, and appealed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision was given as &quot;not out&quot;. We debated and decided that as the batsman did not continue running but turned and returned towards his crease the decision was correct. Is this the correct interpretation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12759" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-01-29T20:50:08.340" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T11:06:37.603" Title="What happens if the wicket-keeper removes the bails on a free hit?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14971" CreationDate="2017-01-29T09:32:19.317" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 16 is clear. The match / day / session does not commence until the Umpire calls &quot;Play&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 23 refers to the ball becoming &quot;dead&quot; with the calls of &quot;over&quot; or &quot;time&quot; but as play hasn't been called in this instance it is not yet &quot;alive&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 23 also refers to the ball ceasing to be &quot;dead&quot; with a bowler starting his run up / delivery action if no run up. Again this is interpreted as a ball having already been in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 22 refers to an over commencing when a bowler starts his run up / delivery action if no run up, but as play hasn't been called this should not be viewed as a legal delivery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overriding issue here is the ball not being in play until the call of &quot;play&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should also be viewed as bad match management of behalf of the two umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12759" LastEditorUserId="12759" LastEditDate="2017-01-29T09:40:05.313" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T09:40:05.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15400" CreationDate="2017-01-29T09:37:48.753" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman can only be Run Out in this situation if it is attempting to score by running between the creases. If no such attempt is made, the batsman is Stumped instead (Law 39.1, &lt;em&gt;Out Stumped&lt;/em&gt; and Law 38.2.b, &lt;em&gt;Batsman not Run Out&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a delivery is a free hit, the batsman cannot be out Stumped (Law 28.17, &lt;em&gt;Out from a No ball&lt;/em&gt;, which is further applied to the free hit itself). Whether the batsman was or was not attempting to run between the creases cannot be determined by anybody who was not present and does not have access to conclusive video or audio evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case that it is not clear even to witnesses or by examination of evidence (and in particular, it is not clear to the umpires of the match in question) benefit of the doubt is presumed for the batsman (Law 27.6, &lt;em&gt;Consultation by umpires&lt;/em&gt;), and therefore the decision should be not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-01-29T20:40:35.520" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T20:40:35.520" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15400" CreationDate="2017-01-29T18:08:30.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-39-stumped/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39 Stumped&lt;/a&gt; states that a batsmen may be out stumped from a delivery that is not a no ball.  Hence from a free hit he can not be out stumped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key section in that law is 1(iv) and 1(iv) b which say if without the intervention of another fielder the batsmen would be given out stumped even if he would have been run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if he is not attempting a run he would always be ruled out stumped unless the keeper passes the ball to a fielder, so the batsmen would be not out stumped off a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However if the ball had been passed to say 1st slip and then the wicket broken the batsmen would be out run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T18:08:30.733" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15408" CreationDate="2017-01-30T06:46:01.363" Score="4" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball is kicked towards the goalpost, breaks mid-air (or during the kick) and only a piece gets into the goal (crosses the line) - is the goal going to be accepted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some edge cases for this question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what about two or more pieces flying towards the goal (and therefore making it difficult or impossible to stop them)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the integrity of the ball must be conserved - does &quot;integrity&quot; means &quot;exactly one piece&quot;? (could it be flat for instance?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words: &lt;strong&gt;is there a clear standard for a ball to be accepted for a goal?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My son asked this question this morning and I could not find anything which would even be close to an answer (there were discussions about the net, which is less controversial)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4998" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T06:54:48.037" Title="Is there a standard for football (soccer) balls to be accepted for a goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15407" CreationDate="2017-01-30T06:54:48.037" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-ball/chapters/replacement-of-a-defective-ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2 Section 2 of the IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; covers the scenario you ask about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball becomes defective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;play is stopped and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;restarted by dropping the replacement ball where the original ball became defective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball becomes defective at a kick-off, goal kick, corner kick, free kick, penalty kick or throw-in play the restart is re-taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball becomes defective during a penalty kick or kicks from the penalty mark as it moves forward and before it touches a player, crossbar or goalposts the penalty kick is retaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball may not be changed during the match without the referee’s permission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball breaks mid-air as you suggest, the play will be stopped and the ball will be replaced where the ball was broken. Even in case of penalties, the penalty is retaken if the ball bursts before making contact with any player or any part of the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your query regarding the integrity of the ball, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/#!/laws/the-ball/chapters/qualities-and-measurements&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2 Section 1 covers the parameters to define a ball&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All balls must be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;spherical&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;made of suitable material&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of a circumference of between 70cm (28ins) and 68cm (27ins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between 450g (16oz) and 410g (14oz) in weight at the start of the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1,100g/cm2) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in – 15.6 lbs/sq in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball becomes flat or breaks into more than one piece, conditions 1, 3, 4 and 5 would be violated thus rendering the ball defective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T06:54:48.037" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15399" CreationDate="2017-01-30T07:05:35.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sport of Tennis is way behind other professional sports as far as statistical data and analysis goes, so it's not likely you will be able to even find the data to perform this kind of analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As someone who has been watching all of the grand slam tennis events for over 20 years, I can just share my opinion that the extra day of rest does not matter very much. The players at the top of the game are all very fit and their bodies are able to recover quickly. It would surprise me if there was any pattern indicating that an extra day of rest gave one player an advantage over another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also think you would need to take into consideration other factors such as total time on court for their previous 6 matches, distance traveled during those matches, and perhaps quality of opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T07:05:35.233" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15416" CreationDate="2017-01-30T13:26:32.060" Score="5" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are the parallel tracks created for cross country skiing competitions? The tracks seem almost perfectly parallel and maintain a perfect shape even after the passage of many skiers - for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t5zdG.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t5zdG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Here is an example&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-01-30T15:13:13.463" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T18:15:21.407" Title="How are the parallel tracks for cross-country skiing created?" Tags="|trivia|cross-country-skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15414" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance. Cross-country skiing is widely practised as a sport and recreational activity; however, some still use it as a means of transportation. Variants of cross-country skiing are adapted to a range of terrain which spans unimproved, sometimes mountainous terrain to groomed courses that are specifically designed for the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern cross-country skiing is similar to the original form of skiing, from which all skiing disciplines evolved, including alpine skiing, ski jumping and Telemark skiing. Skiers propel themselves either by striding forward (classic style) or side-to-side in a skating motion (skate skiing), aided by arms pushing on ski poles against the snow. It is practised in regions with snow-covered landscapes, including Northern Europe, Canada, Russia and regions in the United States. Competitive cross-country skiing is one of the Nordic skiing sports. Cross-country skiing and rifle marksmanship are the two components of biathlon, ski-orienteering is a form of cross-country skiing, which includes map navigation along snow trails and tracks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found on Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-country_skiing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CrossCountrySkiing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15415" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of Cross Country Skiing." OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T13:29:08.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15413" CreationDate="2017-01-30T18:15:21.407" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you’ve indicated, the tracks are typically perfect.  That’s because they are made with snow grooming equipment similar to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.snowgroomers.net/htm/classic.htm&quot;&gt;Trakor&lt;/a&gt;.  It’s a device that is towed behind a snow machine or other vehicle while grooming the snow.   While it’s not terrible high tech, it lays a perfectly groomed track with the ability to adjust the trail widths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T18:15:21.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15418" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-30T22:05:18.333" Score="5" ViewCount="759" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only cue sports I have good experience of are Snooker and British pool. For these cue sports one usually play with a 9mm tip. Even though American pool balls are slightly bigger and heavier than the balls used on British tables, I still think that I might struggle to get used to a 13mm tip (this seems by far the most common option when buying an American pool cue; other sizes like 12 or 11.75 mm are quite rare, so I presume they are not as common as the 13mm tips among players?). An American cue might feel very different from what I'm used to, almost like I'd be playing with a broomstick rather than a cue. Furthermore, I'm afraid that the amount of spin (or &quot;English&quot; if you prefer) that I can put on a ball with a 13mm tip is far less than what I could do with a snooker cue, thus increasing my sense of frustration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anybody undergone a similar experience? Of if you have used a 13mm tip, are my fears not grounded at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2023" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T08:59:16.177" Title="Is it easy to learn how to use an American pool cue if you're a snooker player?" Tags="|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15399" CreationDate="2017-01-31T11:12:01.627" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, after disappointment in finding the useful tennis databases failed to give match dates, decided to slog it out a bit to try to at least get you something slightly useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used date-restricted Google searches (such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=australian%20open%20agassi%20sampras&amp;amp;biw=1366&amp;amp;bih=674&amp;amp;source=lnt&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A1%2F1%2F1999%2Ccd_max%3A2%2F11%2F1999&amp;amp;tbm=#tbs=cdr:1%2Ccd_min:1%2F1%2F1999%2Ccd_max:2%2F11%2F1999&amp;amp;q=australian%20open%20korda%20rios&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;) and skimmed the news articles results that were known-legitimate publications until coming across articles showing the other semifinal was to be played the next day.  And this is what I managed to scrabble together for the finals result (using Wikipedia for result) of those players who got the extra day off by playing the earlier semifinal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2017: Federer       &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2016: Djokovic      &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2015: Murray        &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2014: Wawrinka      &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2013: Djokovic      &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2012: Nadal         &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2011: Djokovic      &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2010: Murray        &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2009: Federer       &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2008: Tsonga        &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2007: Federer       &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2006: Baghdatis     &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2005: Safin         &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2004: Safin         &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2003: Agassi        &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2002: Johansson     &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2001: Agassi        &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2000: Agassi        &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1999: Enqvist       &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1998: Korda         &lt;strong&gt;Win&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1997: Moya          &lt;strong&gt;Loss&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if I made no mistakes, the extra rest lead the final match series just slightly: 12-9.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A slight advantage shown, but nowhere near statistically significant in that sample size (a binomial 95% confidence interval of winning anywhere from 34%-78%).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So, you'd absolutely need more data before a conclusion can be made.  It may seem a hint that it has an impact, but it's quite possible that it has no impact (or even a losing one!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, indeed, such a trend could still be masked by seeding, injuries, and a million other things.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I've run statistics right, it looks like you'd need well over 50 years of data to be able to have much hope of drawing any conclusion even in a large case, and even more if the impact is subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But long story short: it appears all hints so far... is that I'm trending towards basically everything jamauss &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15399/does-the-man-with-an-extra-day-of-rest-at-the-australian-open-have-an-advantage/15409#15409&quot;&gt;said&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T11:12:01.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-01T17:44:13.027" Score="-3" ViewCount="624" Body="&lt;p&gt;Derek Jeter's &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/video/topic/6479266/v3134880/nyyoak-gm-3-jeter-cuts-down-runner-with-iconic-flip&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;flip play&lt;/a&gt; against Oakland in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_American_League_Division_Series#Game_3.2C_October_13_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game 3 of the 2001 ALDS&lt;/a&gt; is considered one of the greatest plays in baseball history.  The underlying notion is that if Jeter had not intercepted the ball and flipped it to Posada, Giambi would have been safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to what I've read on various forums that have discussed the play though, the video shows that the throw from the right-fielder was not off target and the ball had not slowed to a crawl by the time Jeter intervened.  I suspect that if Jeter had not intercepted the ball and taken the time to flip it, the ball would have gotten to Posada earlier, Giambi still would have been out, and the play would not have been as close as it was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been any analysis done on this play?  I know that ESPN sometimes does a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/espn/sportscience/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sport Science&lt;/a&gt;&quot; segment for certain notable plays.  I would be interested in knowing the direction and speed of the ball just before Jeter intercepted it, and the speed of the ball after he flipped it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2017-02-01T18:36:21.063" Title="Without Derek Jeter's flip play against Oakland in 2001, would Giambi really have been safe?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15424" CreationDate="2017-02-01T18:36:21.063" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are making faulty assumptions here, to the point that it's not likely someone would've done such an analysis for the reason you state.  Without the flip, that ball dies a sad death, well, sad for Yankees fans, anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball in the video clearly is slowing significantly - the one hop it takes before the flip only goes maybe 18&quot; up, and anyone who's played baseball knows that the ball isn't going to bounce a lot more after that.  It also lost a lot of its horizontal momentum, so it's not a sure thing it ever goes to Posada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, if the ball does make it there, it's going to be in a poor catching location.  It will be near the ground, meaning he'll have only the foot to tag without making a significant motion; it will also be on the first base side of the bag, while the runner is obviously on the third base side of the bag, meaning extra distance for Posada to catch it.  As it stands, the flip from Jeter was nearly perfectly placed to make an ideal tag - Posada's motion was into the runner and more importantly into the leg, not the foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-02-01T18:36:21.063" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15426" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-02T01:18:03.527" Score="1" ViewCount="624" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to play futsal; however, I got a little over-weight and lost my fitness recently. I love the game and in the same time do not want to be a weakness point for my team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the position (or role) that needs the least effort in a futsal game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12781" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-28T03:47:27.837" LastActivityDate="2019-11-28T03:47:27.837" Title="What is the best role for a low fitness player in futsal?" Tags="|strategy|futsal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15438" CreationDate="2017-02-02T10:32:53.333" Score="7" ViewCount="2012" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a game where there are 12 teams.  One round is where 3-4 teams play at the same time and only one team wins. &#xA;I'm looking for how to put a schedule for all the rounds needed to determine the champion team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&#xA;Let's say I have teams A-L (12 teams): &#xA;First round teams A-D play, let's say team A wins. That would be 1 round, 1 winner. So I would need 3 rounds to get 3 winning teams, then a final round where the 3 winning teams play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I'm looking for a more &quot;fair&quot; way of getting a champ where teams could have a loss and still be the champ. And I can't figure out how to schedule the rounds to do that in a 12 team competition where 3-4 teams play at the same time in a round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12783" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-02-03T15:01:52.707" LastActivityDate="2017-02-04T20:02:11.173" Title="How do I schedule 12 teams in a championship where 3-4 teams play at the same time in a round, while allowing 1 loss to still be the champion?" Tags="|rules|tournaments|ranking|schedule|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15430" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15431" CreationDate="2017-02-02T15:34:23.657" Score="1" ViewCount="1345" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/ski-jumping/events-and-places/calendar/?sector=JP&amp;amp;season=2017&amp;amp;discipline=ALL&amp;amp;gender=M&amp;amp;start=2017-02-01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This is the ski-jumping calendar&lt;/a&gt; for men competitions in february 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to view several type of competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HS225&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HS140&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HS134&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HS130&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HS100&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does those abbreviations means?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-02-02T16:20:26.463" Title="What does HS in ski-jumping means?" Tags="|trivia|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15430" CreationDate="2017-02-02T16:14:57.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;HS - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_size&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hill Size&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The numbers mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;225 - ski flying hill&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;130, 134, 140 - large hill&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 - normal hill&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also small and medium hills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/mm/Document/documentlibrary/Skijumping/03/19/96/ICRSkiJumping2016_clean_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;international competition rules of ski jumping&lt;/a&gt;, on page 47, they define &quot;hill size&quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;HS the measured distance (Hill Size) from the edge to the takeoff to&#xA;  the end of the landing area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-02T16:20:26.463" LastActivityDate="2017-02-02T16:20:26.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-03T07:51:44.683" Score="3" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a record of who has had the worst first serve percentage during a singles match in a grand slam event? This question includes both men's and women's games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-03T12:54:20.793" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T12:54:20.793" Title="Worst first serve percentage in a match during a grand slam" Tags="|trivia|tennis|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15437" CreationDate="2017-02-03T09:31:04.390" Score="-3" ViewCount="747" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Cricket, is there any &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hat-trick&lt;/a&gt; wickets taken by as a team except the individual person's hat-trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With in a over in continuous three balls as wickets - mixed of run out, caught, bowled, stumped, LBW, hit wicket and handling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On any over's last two balls as wickets and next over's first ball as wicket- mixed of run out, caught, bowled, stumped, LBW, hit wicket and handling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't find any reference in the internet. If any one aware of that, please share the reference link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12772" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T12:56:27.733" Title="Is there any hat-trick wickets taken by as a team?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15433" CreationDate="2017-02-03T11:10:01.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From various sources round the Web, but probably originally Associated Press content (&lt;a href=&quot;http://amarillo.com/stories/012199/spo_LS0006.shtml#.WJR8ObNamV4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one example&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even the worst tennis hacker with the wackiest serve would find it tough to top &lt;strong&gt;Anna Kournikova&lt;/strong&gt;'s &lt;strong&gt;31&lt;/strong&gt; double faults at the Australian Open in a farce of a match that was so bad it was funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was one of most feeble and unintentionally comical matches of all time, and the packed crowd groaned and hooted, laughed and whistled through every excruciating moment of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That &lt;strong&gt;Kournikova&lt;/strong&gt; could win 1-6, 6-4, 10-8 against Japan's &lt;strong&gt;Miho Saeki&lt;/strong&gt; after setting perhaps an all-time record for sloppy serving Thursday speaks volumes for the way both players performed. Between them they made 149 unforced errors with 21 breaks of service. Once in a while they actually came up with some pretty good shots from the baseline and the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kournikova&lt;/strong&gt;, a popular 17-year-old Russian seeded No. 12, served for the match seven times, double faulted twice on match points, drilled an easy overhead into the net on one more, and played with all the consistency of a rank amateur. It wasn't as if &lt;strong&gt;Kournikova&lt;/strong&gt; was going for big serves all the time — she had just three aces to zero for Saeki. She simply couldn't put the yellow ball in the green box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About 3,000 fans jamming Court 2 cheered her nevertheless, their sympathy stretched to the limit as the 2½-hour match wore on. When Saeki hit a backhand crosscourt wide to lose the match at last, the crowd roared in celebration and relief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kournikova&lt;/strong&gt;, who slugged 23 double faults in her first-round match, slumped in her chair and covered her face with a towel after shaking hands with Saeki, then obliged her adoring fans by signing autographs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double fault records are not kept, but no one among even the oldest observers could recall a professional player who served worse in a match. There was, however, one &lt;strong&gt;Gerald Patterson&lt;/strong&gt; of Australia, who served 29 double faults and 29 aces in capturing the five-set final of the Australian championships in 1927.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T12:51:53.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15434" CreationDate="2017-02-03T11:26:57.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such an incident of a team hat-trick happened in the final of the 2016 Big Bash League. Melbourne Stars who were batting first, lost 3 wickets in the last 3 balls of the innings. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/big-bash-league-2015-16/engine/current/match/897763.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the match report of the final.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adam Zampa was the first to be the run out from a direct hit on the stumps. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evan Gulbis was caught out off the next ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daniel Worrall was run-out off the last ball by the wicket-keeper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team picked up 3 wickets, although Clint McKay was only credited with the one in the middle. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/video/thunder-team-hat-trick-kfc-big-bash-league-final-highlights-sydney-thunder-melbourne-stars/2016-01-24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is a video of the three wickets taken in three successive balls.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T11:26:57.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15434" CreationDate="2017-02-03T12:45:48.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think you looked very hard ;-) A simple Google for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=cricket+hat+trick+run+outs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cricket hat trick run outs&lt;/a&gt;&quot; led to &lt;a href=&quot;https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.cricket/lUlyonYHQUE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this rec.sport.cricket thread&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433595.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ireland vs Netherlands match in the 2011 World Cup&lt;/a&gt; which had &lt;em&gt;four&lt;/em&gt; run outs in consecutive balls in the last four balls of the innings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;49.3 AF Buurman run out 26 (49m 30b 4x4 0x6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;49.4 PM Seelaar run out 0 (1m 1b 0x4 0x6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;49.5 Adeel Raja run out 0 (1m 0b 0x4 0x6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;49.6 Mudassar Bukhari run out 11 (22m 8b 0x4 1x6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, it doesn't seem too unlikely there are going to be quite a lot of these incidents out there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T12:45:48.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15427" CreationDate="2017-02-03T14:31:44.557" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is almost exactly how Vampire the Eternal Struggle, the TCG plays its tournaments, although they prefer players per &quot;table&quot;. In this page &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vekn.net/downloads&quot;&gt;vekn.net/downloads&lt;/a&gt; you can download &quot;the Archon v1.5e&quot;, which is a generator for this sort of tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case round 1 would be three games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A,B,C,D in first&#xA;E,F,G,H in second&#xA;I,J,K,L in the third&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Round 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A,E,F,I in first game&#xA;C,H,J,K in second&#xA;B,D,G,L in third &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Round 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A,B,H,I in first game&#xA;D,E,G,K in second&#xA;C,F,J,L in third &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everybody does not play everybody, but using scores from these games you can get to final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T14:31:44.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15427" CreationDate="2017-02-03T14:58:16.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know what sport are you talking about so it is difficult to reply.&#xA;Maybe you can use a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss-system_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;swiss-system&lt;/a&gt; with variations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I use it for curling tournaments and work in this way (for 12 teams):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;draw for the first 6 matches (first round);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rankings after first round;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;second round determined by rankings (1vs2, 3vs4, 5vs6, 7vs8, 9vs10, 11vs12)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rankings after second round;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;third round determined by updated rankings (1vs2, 3vs4, 5vs6, 7vs8, 9vs10, 11vs12)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your need maybe you can:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;draw for the first 3 &quot;matches&quot; (first round) for 4 team per match;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rankings after first round (in every single mathc you can find the first but I do not know if is it posssible to determine a second/third/fourth classified);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;second round determined by rankings (1vs2vs3vs4, 5vs6vs7vs8, 9vs10vs11vs12)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rankings after second round;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;third round determined by updated rankings (1vs2vs3vs4, 5vs6vs7vs8, 9vs10vs11vs12)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can go on with many round as you need then make the last final round for the first 4 teams: 1vs2vs3vs4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the first few rounds this method guarantees matches between teams of similar level and you can a number of mathces as you need at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also a lot of variants (for example to avoid matches with the same teams..) you can check on wikipedia link&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-02-04T20:02:11.173" LastActivityDate="2017-02-04T20:02:11.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15427" CreationDate="2017-02-03T23:29:16.530" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rankade&lt;/a&gt;, our &lt;strong&gt;ranking system&lt;/strong&gt; for sports, games, and more, fits your needs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's free to use and it's designed to manage rankings (and stats, including matchup stats, and more) for small or large groups of players/teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its algorithm (called &lt;strong&gt;ree&lt;/strong&gt; algorithm), although more complex (here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/ree#ranking-system-comparison&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;comparison&lt;/a&gt;), is similar to most-known Elo if you play 1-on-1 matches only, but - opposite to Elo - it can manage 3+ teams/players per match, as per your needs, allowing both &lt;em&gt;all losers tied&lt;/em&gt; results or &lt;em&gt;detailed standings&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can schedule matches using ranking after previous turns to optimize teams sorting (lowering the number of turns needed to &lt;em&gt;getting a champ&lt;/em&gt;), or play random matches for longer time, seeking for an optimal &lt;em&gt;skill based&lt;/em&gt; ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We host many 3+ factions games groups/clubs (boardgames, shooting sports, races, and more), as well as other sports/games ones. Here's our &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/dojo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dojo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastEditorUserId="10203" LastEditDate="2017-02-04T07:30:47.200" LastActivityDate="2017-02-04T07:30:47.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13298" CreationDate="2017-02-05T08:29:38.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.neveitalia.it/sport/biathlon/worldcup/news/mondiali-kontiolahti-2015-presentazione-individuale-maschile&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This presentation of 2015 IBU World Championships in Kontiolathi&lt;/a&gt; shows that &quot;individual&quot; is the oldest format biathlon event, so this definition was enough to distinguish it in 1970s' from the relay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal translation from that Italian article:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;anyone who has only recently approached the biathlon will wonder why this format is called &quot;individual&quot; when there are four kinds of individual&#xA;  competitions. Simply because this was the only existing format until&#xA;  the 70s and &quot;individual&quot; was enough to distinguish it from the&#xA;  &quot;relay&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the definition of &lt;em&gt;individual&lt;/em&gt; is still officially recognized by IBU (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.biathlonworld.com/competitions/world-cup/standings/season/1617/level/1/score/in/gender/m/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here is the link for men's individual rankings&lt;/a&gt;), it has become common to name this format simply with the number of kilometers (so twenty for men and fifteen for women).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon#Individual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; agrees that the individual is the oldest format for biathlon events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-07T18:24:22.770" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T18:24:22.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13117" CreationDate="2017-02-05T16:59:51.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the result pages linked:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/results.html?sector=AL&amp;amp;raceid=82804&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kitzbuehel&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/results.html?sector=AL&amp;amp;raceid=82796&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wengen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are only two runs in each of these events, and the total time is about expected for one short downhill and one slalom, which suggests it is the super combined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking in the rules, what is often is called super combined is named Alpine combined &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/inside-fis/document-library/alpine-skiing/index.html#deeplink=rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the rules&lt;/a&gt;. The rules also have something called classic combined in it, but when searching for events I can only find Alpine combined, not classic combined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastEditorUserId="12181" LastEditDate="2017-02-05T20:17:17.060" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T20:17:17.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15448" CreationDate="2017-02-05T19:06:11.450" Score="-2" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a doubt regarding the usage of DRS. I have seen players make an appeal for DRS and then  the batsmen don't take any runs. So is it like the game stops as soon as an appeal DRS has been made? &#xA;&lt;br&gt; If so then can it be misused in the following way?&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's the last ball of the game and batting team needs 2 runs to win. As soon the ball is bowled , the fielding team starts appealing for out and immediately the captain does for DRS( even though the batsman may be nowhere near out). The play would be stopped and thus, batting team would be denied an opportunity to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T23:09:39.337" Title="Unfair usage of DRS" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15447" CreationDate="2017-02-05T23:09:39.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So is it like the game stops as soon as an appeal DRS has been made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. There is nothing in any of the ICC playing conditions which even imply this is the case - it's just like any other appeal in that the batsmen are free to run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this, the rest of your question in obviously moot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T23:09:39.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15466" CreationDate="2017-02-06T02:11:18.373" Score="6" ViewCount="662" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players are often seen challenging out calls/non-calls by the linesmen, but when the chair umpire makes a call correction, can a player still challenge the corrected call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:12:58.567" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:12:58.567" Title="Can a player challenge a chair umpire correction?" Tags="|rules|tennis|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15455" CreationDate="2017-02-06T03:35:10.563" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots overcame a 25 point deficit to beat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl 51. What are the top 5 comebacks in the NFL playoffs history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T10:20:23.393" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T22:03:44.340" Title="What are the biggest comebacks in NFL postseason history?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15451" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15452" CreationDate="2017-02-06T03:38:50.157" Score="3" ViewCount="6973" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots beat the Atlanta Falcons in overtime of Super Bowl 51 (2017) to win the Lombardi Trophy. This makes Tom Brady (the quarterback of the New England Patriots) the first Quarterback to win 5 Super Bowls. How many players in any position have won at least 5 rings, strictly as a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="10831" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T04:10:45.843" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T17:00:42.690" Title="NFL players with at least 5 Super Bowl rings" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15451" CreationDate="2017-02-06T04:05:57.957" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_ring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; on Super Bowl Rings, at least 24 people have 5+ rings.  However, only 2 have 5+ rings as players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Charles Haley (two with San Francisco and three with Dallas, all as a player)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tom Brady (five as quarterback of New England)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, three of the people who have 5 or more rings have some of them as a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12805" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T17:00:42.690" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T17:00:42.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15450" CreationDate="2017-02-06T10:19:46.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stealing unashamedly from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/129452/what-are-the-greatest-comebacks-in-nfl-postseason-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; for the top four:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;32 points: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199301030buf.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bills vs Oilers, 1993&lt;/a&gt;: Buffalo trailed 35-3, but went on to win 41-38.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 points: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201401040clt.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Colts vs Chiefs, 2014&lt;/a&gt;: Colts trailed 38-10, but went on to win 45-44.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25 points: Patriots vs Falcons, 2017: Patriots trailed 28-3, but went on to win 34-28.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 points: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200301050sfo.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;49ers vs Giants, 2003&lt;/a&gt;: 49ers trailed 38-14, but went on to win 39-38.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T10:19:46.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-06T11:46:27.930" Score="4" ViewCount="2137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fangraphs has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/guts.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of wOBA constants&lt;/a&gt;.  They seem pretty arbitrary to me, though.  How were those created?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12805" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T15:16:47.197" Title="How are wOBA constants chosen?" Tags="|baseball|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15460" CreationDate="2017-02-06T14:26:44.500" Score="2" ViewCount="1641" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I learned, one part of the overtime rules is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the receiving team scores a touchdown on the first drive, said team will win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds unfair to me, as it's likely that both teams could do that, if they get the chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a statistic about the chances to touchdown in the first drive versus scoring on the second drive in a NFL game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clarifications:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Statistics may only count overtime or any drive after kickoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Of course that statistics should not be restricted to Super Bowls.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &quot;first drive&quot; and &quot;second drive&quot;, I mean drives after a kickoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm specifically asking about touchdowns not field goals, because field goals are not relevant to that rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12810" LastEditorUserId="12810" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T16:48:25.303" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T19:00:55.400" Title="Is the receiving team more likely to win a overtime?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15456" CreationDate="2017-02-06T15:16:47.197" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/offense/woba/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fangraphs wOBA explanatory page&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exactly how much to weigh each of the components of wOBA was determined using linear weights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/principles/linear-weights/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Linear weights&lt;/a&gt; are calculated using the average Run Expectancy of each of those elements for that year, then scaled twice: once to scale so that an out is a 0 (instead of negative), and once to scale so that wOBA is on the same scale as league OBP minus IBBs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant sections of that page for the scaling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For wOBA, we have the runs above average for walks (0.29), HBP (0.31), singles (0.44), doubles (0.74), triples (1.01), and home runs (1.39), but what we want to do now is put wOBA on a scale that will look like OBP in order to make it easier to understand. In OBP, an out is worth zero, so the first thing we want to do is adjust the run value scale so that an out is equal to zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But remember that we want wOBA to look like OBP. So we need to scale the entire thing so that the league’s wOBA is .313 (to match OBP with IBB removed). To do that, we divide .313/.250 and get 1.251, which we call the wOBA Scale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T15:16:47.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15459" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-06T16:51:48.093" Score="5" ViewCount="2756" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Super Bowl LI last night, the FOX commentators mentioned that a punt has never been returned for a touchdown during a Super Bowl.  My first thought was of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Howard&quot;&gt;Desmond Howard&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXI&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XXXI&lt;/a&gt;, but my wife reminded me that that was a kickoff return, not a punt return.  (She was absolutely right, as usual.)  That 99-yard kickoff return for a touchdown helped earn Howard the Super Bowl MVP that year.  It turns out that a Super Bowl kickoff return score has happened at least one more time, during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XLVII&lt;/a&gt; (for 108 yards!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that got me wondering: Which happens more often: a kickoff return for a touchdown, or a punt return for a touchdown?  And why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T17:10:30.160" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T13:18:06.910" Title="Is it more common to score on a kickoff return or a punt return?" Tags="|american-football|scoring|special-teams|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15457" CreationDate="2017-02-06T16:52:15.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is generally answerable considering the probability of winning given the coin toss; I haven't seen anyone modelling specifically the chance of taking the opening kick for a TD. That's because that is not the only factor at hand in the overtime consideration; a proper evaluation needs to consider the entirety of the outcomes of overtime in order to evaluate whether it favors the receiving team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/112875/numbers-dont-back-up-patriots-ot-strategy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;late 2015&lt;/a&gt;, the receiving team had won slightly more than half of the time (50.7%) since the new overtime rules (allowing a drive after a made FG - it used to be even a made FG ended the overtime).  ESPN estimated a 53.8% chance overall (likely higher than observed when you control for the already-extant likelihoods, specifically the better team being already more likely to win).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://harvardsportsanalysis.org/2014/01/modeling-nfl-overtime-as-a-markov-chain/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blog post at the Harvard Sports Analysis Collective&lt;/a&gt;, an analysis was done to determine the odds of winning an overtime game based on a Markov chain analysis.  Among other things, it noted that a drive from a kickoff ends in a touchdown about 20% of the time; this was before the adjustment to the touchback distance, though, so I would not necessarily take this as correct for 2016 and beyond. I'm also skeptical that you can consider an early game drive similarly to a late game drive or OT; a lot of information has changed hands by that point, leading both sides to have some opportunities to improve - but perhaps one more than the other; and further, defenses are tired (and while both sides may be tired, it seems to hurt defenses more than offenses overall).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to look solely at the &lt;em&gt;outcomes&lt;/em&gt;, well, there have been fewer than 100 overtime games since 2012, so it shouldn't be too hard to just count them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T17:02:08.340" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T17:02:08.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15459" CreationDate="2017-02-06T17:09:06.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's go year-by-year the past several regular seasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2016/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;: 10 TDs out of 1012 (0.988%) punt returns, 7 TDs out of 1036 (0.676%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2015/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/a&gt;: 13 TDs out of 1138 (1.142%) punt returns, 7 TDs out of 1081 (0.648%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2014/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;: 13 TDs out of 1036 (1.255%) punt returns, 6 TDs out of 1226 (0.489%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2013/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;: 13 TDs out of 1094 (1.188%) punt returns, 7 TDs out of 1289 (0.543%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2012/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt;: 18 TDs out of 1134 (1.587%) punt returns, 13 TDs out of 1395 (0.932%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2011/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt;: 20 TDs out of 1174 (1.704%) punt returns, 9 TDs out of 1375 (0.655%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2010/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;: 13 TDs out of 1149 (1.1314186%) punt returns, 23 TDs out of 2033 (1.1313330%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2009/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt;: 13 TDs out of 1182 (1.100%) punt returns, 18 TDs out of 2004 (0.898%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2008/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;: 16 TDs out of 1091 (1.467%) punt returns, 13 TDs out of 2114 (0.615%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2007/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;: 17 TDs out of 1122 (1.515%) punt returns, 25 TDs out of 2074 (1.205%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2006/#all_returns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;: 15 TDs out of 1216 (1.234%) punt returns, 9 TDs out of 2037 (0.442%) kick returns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consistently, over this sample size, punt returns yield more touchdowns than kick returns &lt;em&gt;in number&lt;/em&gt;. One thing to consider, especially with the rule changes with kick returns over the seasons in this sample (namely, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d8104d93c/article/no-wedge-means-major-adjustment-for-kickoff-units&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the elimination of &quot;wedge&quot; blocking&lt;/a&gt; (2009), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81ee38c1/article/nfl-moves-kickoffs-to-35yard-line-touchbacks-unchanged&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;kickoffs were moved from the 30 to the 35&lt;/a&gt; (2011) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648647/article/new-touchback-rule-another-step-toward-eliminating-kickoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;touchbacks were moved up from the 20 to the 25&lt;/a&gt; (2016)), is the number of opportunities for punt returns and kick returns. With this in mind, in 2010, the yield between punt returns and touchdowns vs. kick returns and touchdowns were almost identical &lt;em&gt;in percentage&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, from 2006-2016, taking into account rules changes to kick returns over this time frame, punt returns yield more touchdowns than kick returns at a consistently higher percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-07T13:18:06.910" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T13:18:06.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15459" CreationDate="2017-02-06T17:09:22.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I charted the KRs and PRs returned for a touchdown since 1994 (the complete play by play era of PFR).  This data is lightly edited to remove inaccuracies due to issues in the PFR system.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;  This includes all games, both regular season and playoff, so slightly higher numbers than Ed's which are only regular season as far as I can tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, prior to 2010 the KR and PR seemed to be similar in number; sometimes kicks (blue) and sometimes punts (red) are higher in total for that season.  However, after 2010 only one season (2012) had a number of kicks returned for touchdowns greater than 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DH2Ve.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DH2Ve.png&quot; alt=&quot;Chart of KRs and PRs from PFR, 1994-2016&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a second chart; the same data as above, but smoothed using an Exponential Weighted Moving Average.  This weights nearer years higher; I used an 0.3 decay exponent, which I found recommended by one of the developers of my software.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a bit more interesting.  Here you see for most years a similar level; there is a bit of a dropoff around 1999 that is either due to the flakiness of 1999 data or an actual year with few kick returns for touchdowns.  Beyond that, you see very similar numbers until 2010's drops start being accounted for in the moving average and the blue bars drop off dramatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yzwtK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yzwtK.png&quot; alt=&quot;EWMA version of same chart&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This data is still fairly flaky; I in particular am concerned about the 1999 blip, which while I can't see any evidence of it being wrong is ... strange.  Only two valid KR-TDs seems to me to be very odd compared to the other seasons (no other season in that era under 8, and none even post-2010 under 6).  (There should probably be a third included, though I can't see a legitimate data-driven way to include it without reviewing every single return; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_City_Miracle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Music City Miracle&lt;/a&gt; is not included as PFR lists it as a 1 yard kick return.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, I would caution against using only recent data if you're trying to evaluate the Super Bowl history of kick returns; since post-2010 the number of touchbacks rose so dramatically, the return numbers dropped in concert for kickoffs, while punts have had no significant rule changes in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Punts are also very vulnerable to individuals bumping the numbers significantly with 2+ returns in a season: note the spike in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Hall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002-03&lt;/a&gt;, the longer crest in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devin_Hester&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006-2008 and return in 2011&lt;/a&gt;, for example.  This may have some impact on the Super Bowl, as punt returners can be kicked away from, but kick returners &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVT91mNMS8A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cannot&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Specifically, I try to account for fumbles and other returns that are not of the conventional sort.  For kicks I attempt to remove onside kicks returned for touchdowns by either team and fumbled kicks returned by the kicking team; for punts I attempt to remove muffed or fumbled punts returned by the kicking team and blocked punts returned by the receiving team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remove any KR that is under 60 yards in total distance, or any return that includes &quot;fumble&quot; in the text (though none do with &gt;60 KRYds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remove any PR that is from a punt under 20 yards or any punt return that is under 30 yards but has a number in the PRYds field (as the entire 1998 season has no numbers for some reason), or any punt whose play by play includes 'fumble' or 'muff' and yields less than 30 PRYds (I checked by hand, none of the 1998 punts were caught by this).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ultimately removes 19 KRTDs and 21 PRTDs from the data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T19:34:11.660" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T19:34:11.660" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15465" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-06T17:39:19.420" Score="2" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player was awarded two free throws on shooting foul. They miss the first and the ball bounces back to them before the referee can grab it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player takes a practice shot and then wants the referee to hand him the ball to take a &quot;real&quot; second free throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a violation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12812" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T18:45:30.153" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T07:02:19.860" Title="Can players take a &quot;practise&quot; free throw before their &quot;actual&quot; shot?" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15449" CreationDate="2017-02-06T17:44:35.377" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely, I've seen that exact scenario happen many times. It usually results in the other player having to request the challenge since the call gets changed/overruled. Challenges are available for any call, whether it's a linesperson making the call or a chair umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See VII. The Competition PDF &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Look at page 130 - Section VII, #7 where it says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The original call or overrule will always stand if the electronic&#xA;  review is unable, for whatever reason, to make a decision on that line&#xA;  call or overrule. In this case, the player shall not have his&#xA;  available number of challenges reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;specifically mentioning the linesperson call or the chair umpires overrule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T17:44:35.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15465" CreationDate="2017-02-06T19:54:32.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/documents/2015/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules from FIBA&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;43.2.3. The free-throw shooter shall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• Take a position behind the free-throw line and inside the semi-circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• Use any method to shoot a free throw in such a way that the ball enters the basket from above or the ball touches the ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• Release the ball within 5 seconds after it is placed at his disposal by the official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• Not touch the free-throw line or enter the restricted area until the ball has&#xA;  entered the basket or has touched the ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• Not fake a free throw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see any of this leaving room for a &quot;practice&quot; throw, as you can't even fake a free throw. And you have only 5 seconds, so there is not really time for a practice throw any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T19:54:32.787" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2017-02-06T20:57:19.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Pettersson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the four Pettersson brothers&lt;/a&gt; of Sweden who competed as one team for the Team Trial, Cycling event in Mexico 1968 Olympics.  The four, Erik, Gösta, Sture and Tomas, also won the silver medal in that event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12814" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-04-08T20:13:51.740" LastActivityDate="2022-04-08T20:13:51.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-07T01:11:35.717" Score="6" ViewCount="2532" Body="&lt;p&gt;Along with several aerodynamics and chassis weight regulation changes, the 2017 F1 season introduces wider tires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;2016 Front/Rear tire width&lt;/em&gt;: 245mm / 325mm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;2017 Front/Rear tire width&lt;/em&gt;: 305mm / 405mm &lt;strong&gt;(+25%)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the widest tire dimensions that a Formula One car has ever used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="12868" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T03:55:14.613" LastActivityDate="2020-11-16T21:43:06.113" Title="What are the widest tires to be used in F1?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-07T07:53:41.857" Score="3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which Grand Slam matches, in the Round of 16 or later, have had 200 or more points won by a single player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two known examples are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Djokovic v. Wawrinka at Australian Open 2013: 209-200&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Federer v. Roddick at Wimbledon 2009: 223-213&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12817" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-08T07:20:07.257" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T12:54:08.057" Title="In which late-stage Grand Slam tennis matches has a single player won 200+ points?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15473" CreationDate="2017-02-07T11:16:33.797" Score="1" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Cricket, we come across so many instances in which a batsman gets called &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;, and then is changed to &lt;strong&gt;not-out&lt;/strong&gt; because the replay shows the bowler bowled a &lt;strong&gt;no-ball&lt;/strong&gt;. Has the inverse instance ever happened, where an on-field umpire signals no-ball and it is overturned after replay?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, what happened to the Bowl bowled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:05:25.460" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:05:25.460" Title="Has a no-ball call from the on-field umpire ever been overturned?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15472" CreationDate="2017-02-07T11:30:22.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This cannot happen under the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/playing-conditions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; as it would be incredibly unfair to the batsman. Imagine the scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Umpire calls &quot;no ball&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batsman, hearing the call, goes for a big hit they wouldn't otherwise have done, as they know they cannot be dismissed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batsman skies the ball and it is caught by the fielder.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fielding side appeal, and the batsman is out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T11:30:22.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15474" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15475" CreationDate="2017-02-07T15:05:49.483" Score="1" ViewCount="9171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a good skier, giant slalom is easy for me, but I want to do better in slalom. My height is 170cm and my skis are 165cm. I've noticed that guys who train in slalom, and are at least 20cm taller than me, use 165cm skis. While this didn't cause trouble for me in giant, in slalom I can hardly move, starting to skid and loose speed!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should I change skis or should I work more on my slalom hoping it will improve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12818" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T11:41:16.277" LastActivityDate="2022-12-26T19:46:15.647" Title="What length of skis for slalom?" Tags="|equipment|training|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15474" CreationDate="2017-02-07T15:28:22.043" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is vey difficult to anser withou knowing your &quot;style&quot; and your weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I try to give you general info:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ski size from Atomic brand shows that ski size for slalom race should be shorter than the racer &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GDqzh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GDqzh.png&quot; alt=&quot;Atomic ski size&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://the-raceplace.com/pages/how-to-size-race-skis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; table says that you can use ski from 150 to 165 according to your hieght, I can suggest you to choose a ski near to 150cm if you are lighter of near to 165 if you are havier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Height (cm) ==&gt; Approx. Ski Length (cm)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;114 - 122 ==&gt;    100 - 115&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;125 - 132 ==&gt;    110 - 125&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;135 - 142 ==&gt;    120 - 135&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;145 - 152 ==&gt;    130 - 145&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;155 - 163 ==&gt;    140 - 155&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;165 - 173 ==&gt;  150 - 165&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;175 - 183 ==&gt;    160 - 175&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;185 - 193 ==&gt;    170 - 185&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think ski lenght around 155cm should be the right way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-02-07T17:02:09.217" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T17:02:09.217" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-07T21:15:57.900" Score="5" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots beat Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl LI in overtime. During regulation they never led the game. The only time they ever led was at the end of the game. Does this make the Patriots the first team ever to win the Lombardi trophy without ever leading except for the final results?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Equivalently, has there been any Super Bowl runner ups who never trailed except at the final whistle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Note that it is possible for a team to lose if they lead the entire game and the opposing team scores on a field goal that ends the game. Also for the purpose of the question, what I mean by saying not leading during the entire game is not leading in any time except the very last second of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-02-09T01:47:43.790" LastActivityDate="2017-02-09T01:48:17.790" Title="Are 2016 Patriots the only Super Bowl Champions who never led during the game?" Tags="|american-football|trivia|history|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7190" CreationDate="2017-02-07T21:37:08.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree a lot with what was already said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I have been coaching these past years, I do however also was to put a lot of importance on the subject of juggling the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to getting touches on the ball there is nothing better than juggling. I have my players each have to at least 40 consistently. The improvement I see in this is unreal and way too underappreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also feel as though form is not expressed enough in soccer. With minimum effort you can achieve more than anything else by having the right forms. I recommend really analyzing other people's form and practicing it until it is second nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, I really recommend you look at off the ball movement rather than being on the ball. When people are learning soccer they practice everything while having the ball. If you think of soccer in a slightly different way you will see what I mean by this. There are 22 people on the field. Statistically, this means you will only have the ball less than 5% of the game!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to learn what to do in the 95% of the game rather than that 5%, figure out how to pass and move and what movement you can do to put your teammates in better situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T21:37:08.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15478" CreationDate="2017-02-07T22:24:42.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean - does that make them the only winning team never to lead during regulation time?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the play time stopped with the score, technically, the score happened at that time, so they were officially leading during game time (the last official second of the game), I believe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is yes.  Since no other Super Bowl game has ever gone to overtime before, that means all other winning teams led during regulation time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T22:24:42.233" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15478" CreationDate="2017-02-08T09:06:29.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like the Baltimore Colts led for all of 5 seconds in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_V&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl V&lt;/a&gt;, but turned it around after trailing about 36 total minutes.  They tied it with 7 minutes to go in the 4th, then followed that up with the winning field goal just those 5 ticks before the end of regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To seek this, I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-super-bowl-three-most-crucial-kicks-20160203-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; story about Super Bowls won on late field goals.  It appears this was the only one listed where the winners trailed much of the game beforehand.  So this may be about the best you can get, though my methods are incomplete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-02-09T01:48:17.790" LastActivityDate="2017-02-09T01:48:17.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13966" CreationDate="2017-02-08T11:28:52.117" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mohit Ahlawat has scored 300 off 72 balls in a T20 at a match in Delhi in February 2017.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It was a local match, not an international or IPL game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/38904731&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/38904731&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2017-02-08T11:35:42.497" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T11:35:42.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15488" CreationDate="2017-02-09T15:24:55.373" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard a manager refer to an employee as a &quot;utility player&quot; in the pre-moneyball sense.  That means that the employee &quot;[has] a wide breadth of skills and can work across many org's and disciplines&quot;, so it is quite a compliment.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moneyball was a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1210166/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;movie&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href=&quot;http://a.co/cYZrnWh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt;, and a statistical revolution in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabermetrics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sabermetrics&lt;/a&gt;.  In Moneyball, they discarded the notion of a &quot;utility player&quot;, and has much more strongly mathematically/statistically defined nomenclatures such as &quot;slugging percentage&quot; and &quot;on-base percentage&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://thesportjournal.org/article/an-examination-of-the-moneyball-theory-a-baseball-statistical-analysis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/a&gt;).    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the post-moneyball version of a &quot;utility player&quot; and how is one identified?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just think &quot;utility&quot; wouldn't have existed if it was 100% false; there had to be truth behind the myth.  Where did that truth go in the new way of looking at things?  It has to be somewhere, and if the Moneyball measures are informative, then it is likely more clearly measurable than before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12826" LastEditorUserId="12826" LastEditDate="2017-02-09T20:33:52.183" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T15:52:35.650" Title="What did a &quot;utility player&quot; become after Moneyball?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15484" CreationDate="2017-02-10T13:53:38.920" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To a large extent, a utility player is still a utility player and is still valuable. In analytic terms, even if a player is only replacement level&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; at the positions he plays, then it still carries value to the team &lt;strong&gt;in terms of roster flexibility&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take a slightly more specific example, imagine two teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A has two backup infielders, both at replacement level, on its roster to cover 2nd and short.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B has a utility player who can cover both second and short at replacement level.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team B can now add a second player to its roster - maybe a power hitter who can be used as a pinch hitter, maybe an extra reliever, whatever their greatest need is. This makes them a better team than team A, who can't have that extra player on their roster - or at least, are taking a bigger risk in order to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mhodges has commented, what analytics has brought to baseball is a better understanding of how to rate those utility players - previously, it was perfectly feasible for a player with a high batting average and who stole a few bases, but struck out a lot and played poor defense to stick around on a roster, but we now know that it's probably better to have someone who has a high walk rate and doesn't stink up the joint defensively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In these terms, replacement level is the performance level a team can acquire (either from its farm system, by trade or by signing an out of contract player) for the MLB minimum salary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-10T15:52:35.650" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T15:52:35.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15491" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-11T06:45:41.640" Score="4" ViewCount="618" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tests, a team can enforce &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follow-on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;follow-on&lt;/a&gt; if they must have a minimum lead of 200 runs after the second innings. However, often the leading team will decide not to enforce follow-on and go on to bat in the third innings, with weather forecasts, condition of the pitch, number of overs bowled in the second innings and bowlers' and fielders' fitness being important factors swaying the decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the percentage of matches where the leading team chose not to enforce follow-on? I am focused on international cricket, but domestic records can also be included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2018-10-04T09:38:53.537" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T09:38:53.537" Title="What are the statistics about follow-ons not enforced in tests?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15495" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-11T20:08:07.320" Score="3" ViewCount="794" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been struggling to find anywhere that speaks in detail of the rules of obstruction in squash. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How close does the player have to be to the squash ball for it to be considered obstruction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it obstruction whenever one player has to run around the other to reach the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T15:02:25.157" Title="What are the obstruction rules in squash?" Tags="|rules|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15496" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15515" CreationDate="2017-02-12T02:30:45.353" Score="1" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;A double consists of a player accumulating double digit number in one of the following categories per game: points, assists, rebounds, steals, and blocked shots. Achieving 2, 3, 4, or 5 doubles in a game is called double double, triple double, quadruple double, and quintuple double, respectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the percentage breakdown of each category for each of the 5 double types in the NBA? In other words, the percentage of a category for a given double type is the ratio of number of double that include that category to the number of all doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a hypothetical example only for double double type of what I'm looking for: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;74% points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;63% assists&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;45% rebounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;17% blocks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9% steals. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Percentage of each of the above categories is how often that category was part of double doubles. Of course a complete answer would have the same kind of percentage breakdown for all double types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-02-13T19:07:45.090" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T19:11:29.883" Title="Percentage breakdown of categories of doubles in NBA" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15497" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15499" CreationDate="2017-02-12T03:52:50.643" Score="7" ViewCount="6171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently saw a game where a player tried to save the ball from going out of bounds, and in the process scored in the wrong hoop. This player was saving the ball from beyond the three-point line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should this have been awarded with three points? The score in the game only increased by 2, but I'm not sure if there is a rule which accounts for this circumstance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12841" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T09:51:30.853" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T09:51:30.853" Title="Shooting at the wrong hoop beyond the three point line" Tags="|rules|basketball|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15497" CreationDate="2017-02-12T05:55:54.053" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.com/downloads/Rules/2014/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt; have defined how points are awarded for an own goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 16.2.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team’s basket, the goal counts 2 points and shall be recorded as having been scored by the captain of the opposing team on the playing court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Men's Basketball rules&lt;/a&gt; are a bit more detailed in this regard (emphasis mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5 Article 4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player scores a field goal in the opponent’s basket, it shall count&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;two points for the opponent regardless of the location on the playing&#xA;court from where it was released&lt;/strong&gt;. Such a field goal shall not be credited&#xA;to a player in the scorebook but shall be indicated with a footnote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it looks like an own goal is worth two points only, irrespective of the location from where the ball was released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;PS: NCAA uses the term 'opponent's basket' while FIBA uses the term 'his team's basket'. This is down to the definition of own and opponent's basket which is contradictory for both. For FIBA, refer Rule 1 Article 1.2 and for NCAA, refer Rule 1 Section 1 Article 2.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T05:55:54.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15504" CreationDate="2017-02-12T12:06:18.630" Score="3" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-bangladesh-2016-17/engine/match/1041761.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India vs Bangladesh test match in February 2017&lt;/a&gt;, India did not enforce follow on on the 4th day of test. It would be logical to try to get Bangladesh all out on second innings and then quickly chase down a meagre total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can be the possible reason behind Kohli's decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-12T15:53:16.353" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T15:53:16.353" Title="Why would a captain not enforce the follow-on?" Tags="|cricket|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15502" CreationDate="2017-02-12T12:27:45.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only thing that comes to my mind is to give bowlers a bit of a breather. Indian bowlers had been bowling since Day 2 (so almost 2 full days) and their legs and fingers (for spinners) must have been aching and tired. Teams typically adopt this practice by not opting for follow-on and give their bowlers a breather before they come out again to bowl out the other team again!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12843" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T12:27:45.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15502" CreationDate="2017-02-12T15:52:01.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It would be logical to try to get Bangladesh all out on second innings and then quickly chase down a meagre total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Logical when it works :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation captains are trying to avoid here is something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitch is still reasonably good for batting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tired bowlers aren't incisive at the start of the follow-on, letting some batsmen get set.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The side following on makes a big score, giving them a lead of 200 or so&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The side which enforced the follow on now has to make 200 on a fifth day pitch. A couple of quick wickets, the jitters set in and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63291.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;they end up losing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To some extent, not enforcing the follow on is the safe option - knock up a quick 150-200, declare with a total the other side is going to be too scared to even attempt to chase, and you're not going to lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Much less likely in this scenario where India had a lead of 300, I admit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T15:52:01.180" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-12T19:00:08.853" Score="4" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds impossible, but I just noticed a very weird fact that caught my eye and interest. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tomorrow (13th February) starts the main draw of ATP 500 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.abnamrowtt.nl/en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abn Amro World Tennis Tournament&lt;/a&gt; in Rotterdam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the qualification of the tournament has already finished, where number 6 seeded player &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/aljaz-bedene/bh09/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aljaz Bedene&lt;/a&gt; beat Uzbek &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/denis-istomin/i165/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denis Istomin&lt;/a&gt; in two sets 7-6(8) / 6-3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, after withdrawal from main draw of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/roberto-bautista-agut/bd06/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roberto Bautista Agut&lt;/a&gt; Denis istomin took his place as an alternative/Lucky Loser. And surprisingly enough he plays against Aljaz Bedene in the first round of the tournament. Meaning, two players are playing twice the same tournament. Which is quite extraordinary in my opinion. Has it ever happened before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T18:15:32.043" Title="Have two players ever played twice on the same tournament in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15506" CreationDate="2017-02-12T22:24:17.010" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_ATP_World_Tour_Finals_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 ATP World Tour Finals&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Federer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roger Federer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Djokovic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Novak Djokovic&lt;/a&gt; played each other both in the round-robin stage (where Federer won 7-5, 6-2) and in the final (where Djokovic won 6-3, 6-4). I'm guessing some more examples could be found in other instances of the Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T22:24:17.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8924" CreationDate="2017-02-13T04:17:44.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instances of the spectators rushing down the ground have decreased because of the increased security around the field, the spectators still want to do that but nowadays there is a obstruction net to stop them from coming.&#xA;The main reason behind doing this is player security, I mean it does not take much time for the crowd to turn in to a riot I would like to give an example here, India had lost a match (I don't remember the opposition) at home and the spectators got so angry that they started throwing bottles and stones at the players, just imagine what would have happened if there were no measures to stop the spectators from entering the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason would be that if so many people came rambling on the ground, the pitch and the whole ground would be completely destroyed and it takes a lot of time to prepare a ground and then maintain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-13T08:37:08.147" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T08:37:08.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-13T05:42:28.853" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;With virtually constant action, I don't see how association football (soccer) fans in live attendance can leave the stands for any reason. I am much more familiar with sports that have a natural breaking point in the action. So this is a question that I would like answered directly by those who have solved this by attending a soccer match, faced the need to ingest or excrete, and you had to solve this in the most practical/pragmatic way that kept you from missing potential scoring action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So let me provide the counter-point. In basketball and American football, there are quarters and stoppages of the clock: timeouts, special teams' actions for transferring possession, penalties and foul shots, and for main events, television/broadcast timeouts. Baseball has over a dozen breaks in the action per game. Tennis viewers and golf viewers have different expectations. But with auto racing, the events can be missed for periodic absences by the obligatory &quot;what did I miss?&quot; question upon returning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So American audiences are used to finding the restroom during these events, or finding the concession stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My observation is that &lt;strong&gt;roaming vendors&lt;/strong&gt; might be able to (partially) solve the latter of the two problems with soccer. But I don't even see much of that going on at soccer matches. The former could be solved (like in American NASCAR) with a BYOB policy. Or perhaps there are enough screens in the concession and bathroom areas now for fans to follow the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12846" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-13T08:41:36.450" LastActivityDate="2022-12-23T08:03:20.070" Title="When do football (soccer) fans have time to purchase refreshements and relieve themselves?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15509" CreationDate="2017-02-13T09:07:47.587" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;At half-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A soccer match is split into two halfs of 45 minutes each, with a 15 minute break inbetween. An especially hungry and thirsty fan can buy food and drink before the match, consume it during the first half, relieve themself in the break, then repeat the procedure for the second half, at least in theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice there may be queues for facilities, so this fan might opt to leave their seat just before half-time to beat the queues, or risk missing the start of the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't mention alcohol explicitly, but this is of course a big factor on input/output of fluids. Even where alcohol is not allowed in the stadium, fans may have been drinking before the match, and 45 minutes may be too long. In this case, the fan would just have to risk missing a couple of minutes of action to take a trip to the toilets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In older times, fans in England might have gone for the direct method of relieving themselves, as &lt;a href=&quot;http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/HOM000028060001.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;detailed in 1989&lt;/a&gt; by the Taylor report:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The practice of urinating against walls or  even on the terraces has&#xA;become endemic...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But fortunately conditions have improved since then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to maximise your food and drink intake, and have enough money (or contacts), you could choose to sit in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.realmadrid.com/en/vip-area/seasonal-hospitality/suites/grandstand&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hospitality box&lt;/a&gt;, but risk the possibility of not being seen as a proper fan, and being more interested in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/keane-prawn-crack-stirs-terrace-talk-624675.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;prawn sandwiches&lt;/a&gt; than the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In total, a football match is completed within 2 hours, with a short break in the middle. If the match is a decent one, then the action should be enough to entertain fans for 45 minutes at a stretch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2022-12-23T08:03:20.070" LastActivityDate="2022-12-23T08:03:20.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15513" CreationDate="2017-02-13T09:26:12.293" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at the ATP tournament schedule at the below two links.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/rotterdam/407/results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/rotterdam/407/results&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/sofia/7434/results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/sofia/7434/results&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of them shows &quot;2 of 6&quot; and the other shows &quot;4 of 6&quot; at the top. What does it mean? I couldn't find the answer to this searching the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12848" LastEditorUserId="12848" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T09:56:22.730" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T09:56:22.730" Title="What do &quot;2 of 6&quot; and &quot;4 of 6&quot; mean in the context of this tennis schedule?" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15512" CreationDate="2017-02-13T11:14:27.657" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The numbers that confuse you have nothing to do with the tournament schedule per se. The link you are viewing shows ongoing ATP tournaments. There are 6 ATP tournaments that are currently ongoing, which I have listed below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Open Sud de France (1 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Garanti Koza Sofia Open (2 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ecuador Open (3 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ABN Amro World Tennis Tournament (4 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Memphis Open (5 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Argentina Open (6 of 6)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the page component that shows these numbers, there are navigational buttons that let you navigate from one tournament to the next. I hope that clears your confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-02-13T15:27:01.000" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T15:27:01.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15514" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15516" CreationDate="2017-02-13T13:06:09.600" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can recall, the Orioles have had opening day at home every year since they moved to Camden Yards in the early 90s.&#xA; Even if it was not every year, it was definitely the lions share.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would seem to be advantageous or at least desirable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this decided?  Is it luck?  Contractual stipulation?  Record related ( the Orioles went from 98-2011 without approaching .500, so that seems unlikely )?  Something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T15:01:43.970" Title="Opening Day Baseball Location" Tags="|baseball|venues|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15496" CreationDate="2017-02-13T13:49:28.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the 1983-1984 NBA Season (presumably the earliest data Basketball Reference has for double- and triple-doubles) to the creation of this post, there have been:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[number of type of double, double-doubles and beyond] (percentage among doubles, double-doubles and beyond)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;71088 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=71000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;double-doubles&lt;/a&gt; (98.07%)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;70970 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=&amp;amp;order_by=pts&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=70900&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;points&lt;/a&gt; (99.8% of all double-doubles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;15861 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=&amp;amp;order_by=ast&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=15800&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;assists&lt;/a&gt; (22.3%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;56631 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=&amp;amp;order_by=trb&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=56600&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rebounds&lt;/a&gt; (79.7%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=stl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;steals&lt;/a&gt; (0.02%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;99 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=blk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blocks&lt;/a&gt; (0.14%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1398 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=1300&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;triple-doubles&lt;/a&gt; (1.93%)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1397 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=pts&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=1300&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;points&lt;/a&gt; (99.9% of all triple-doubles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1334 &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15496/percentage-breakdown-of-categories-of-doubles-in-nba&quot;&gt;assists&lt;/a&gt; (95.4%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1394 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=trb&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=1300&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rebounds&lt;/a&gt; (99.7%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player_id=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;game_num_type=&amp;amp;game_num_min=&amp;amp;game_num_max=&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_day=&amp;amp;game_location=&amp;amp;game_result=&amp;amp;is_starter=&amp;amp;is_active=&amp;amp;is_hof=&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;is_dbl_dbl=&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=trb&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=1300&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;steals&lt;/a&gt; (0.057%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;64 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1984&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;is_trp_dbl=Y&amp;amp;order_by=blk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blocks&lt;/a&gt; (4.58%). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/quadruple-double-most-times.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quadruple-doubles&lt;/a&gt; (0.06%) &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_(basketball)#Quadruple-double&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 points (100% of all quadruple-doubles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 assists (100%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 rebounds (100%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 steal (25%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 blocks (75%) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_(basketball)#Quintuple-double&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quintuple-doubles&lt;/a&gt; (0%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see a requirement for &quot;single-doubles&quot; and &quot;single&quot; category breakdown...I'll update this post if I collect that information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-13T19:11:29.883" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T19:11:29.883" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15514" CreationDate="2017-02-13T15:01:43.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can imagine, scheduling an MLB season is not the easiest task to accomplish. Especially with all the different specifications enacted by the league and the player's union. More or less, there have to be 2,430 games scheduled in a time frame between 178 to 183 days that minimizes travel distance and consecutive playing days (no more than 20 days in a row). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB (and their scheduling contractor) receive a list of requests from teams for all the things they would like for the season. The MLB tries to fit all these in, but again, the schedule isn't the most flexible thing. With that being said, there isn't any known reasoning behind what requests get granted and which ones do not (outside of the Cincinnati Reds always starting the season at home due to the club being the oldest in the league). I would imagine that Orioles just have Opening Day at home at the top of their list, as opposed to other teams that might have other requests they feel are more important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/1383448//&quot;&gt;MLB.com article on scheduling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T15:01:43.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15506" CreationDate="2017-02-13T18:15:32.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say this is something that happens &lt;em&gt;frequently&lt;/em&gt;, but it does happen on occasion when someone that loses in qualifying rounds ends up getting into the main draw as a lucky loser - like the scenario you described in your question. That's generally the only way it &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; happen - I can't think of another scenario that would allow it to occur, actually. Only the round-robin format can typically produce that and only the World Tour Finals use that format - everything else is single elimination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with finding out when this happened and which players it involved is that there is no publicly accessible database that has all of this information in it - your best bet would probably be the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Abstract website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T18:15:32.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24366" CreationDate="2017-02-13T18:35:58.227" Score="1" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;What kind of strategy should you use if you are 2 doubles players playing against 2 singles players? Would lobs be a good option?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-07T09:58:59.673" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T09:58:59.673" Title="How to beat 2 singles players playing doubles" Tags="|tennis|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16090" CreationDate="2017-02-13T22:32:23.763" Score="8" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Triathlon/About/Multisport/Competitive-Rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Triathlon&lt;/a&gt; 5.10, there is no drafting (a.) (being in a 7m x 2m zone behind the rider in front of you) except in the case you are passing (h.1.), in which case you have 15s to pass (g.) as measured by your front wheel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My primary question is, what happens if the rider in front of you happens to decide 5 sec into your passing attempt to pass the rider in front of them -- you've encroached their drafting zone but are going to same speed as them so are unable to pass them within 15 sec? If you drop back you're penalized, but if you continue to attempt to pass you're also, still, penalized?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, please address whether during the passing scenario above whether you can immediately enter the draft zone of the rider in front of you without first moving 2m to the left (i.e. can you ride up directly behind the rider, then move to the side to pass)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12853" LastEditorDisplayName="user12853" LastEditDate="2017-03-13T14:54:10.733" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T20:45:18.893" Title="Does triathlon biking passing-penalty rule apply if the rider ahead accelerates?" Tags="|rules|cycling|triathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15521" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-14T05:04:53.597" Score="2" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;In almost all sports, Players wore jersey with numbers on back. It's helpful for the commentators, scorekeepers, statisticians, umpires and fans to know about exact player. Some of the Players believe in number game and keep on changing numbers, to change their luck(funny, but real). And some wore to respect their achievements(For ex. Gayle wore jersey with 333,his highest in tests ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know which Player wore/change numbers on back maximum times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T13:43:25.780" Title="Most numbers on back worn by a Player" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-07-02T01:46:38.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15522" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-13T16:22:15.127" Score="1" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was once shown a video of a male gymnast's routine on rings. He began from a still hang and pulled, slowly, with straight arms, into an iron cross and after maybe a brief pause continued the pull into a support. It appeared so slow, smooth, and controlled that the audience audibly gasped. My question has two parts: 1) how would you describe this maneuver concisely and 2) does anyone know the name of the gymnast and the video in question?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further recollections: it was a gymnastics championship, not the olympics. I think it was at a national or maybe world level. It may have been Yuri van Gelder, but I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12856" OwnerDisplayName="user24815" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T17:51:16.157" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T07:33:31.027" Title="What is the name of this iron cross maneuver?" Tags="|terminology|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-14T20:04:32.837" Score="4" ViewCount="5352" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which USA high school has won the most national high school basketball championships?  I think it is Oak Hill Academy, but would appreciate knowing how many they have won and who are the next best high schools in order. Many thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12857" LastActivityDate="2021-05-05T03:13:38.610" Title="USA high school with the most national high school basketball championships?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15532" CreationDate="2017-02-15T00:17:26.677" Score="1" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taking a look at the last 3 years, the Atlanta Hawks (2014) and Memphis Grizzlies (2015) have had the lowest W/L percentage of all the teams that qualified for the playoffs in their respective years, both teams qualifying for the 8th seed in their conferences with a W/L percentage of 41.5% (34W-48L).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, what is the lowest win-loss percentage record for a team that has qualified for a playoff spot in NBA history? (Not including the lockout shortened seasons)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T13:37:35.793" Title="Lowest regular season win-loss percentage to qualify for the NBA Playoffs?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12566" CreationDate="2017-02-15T02:39:21.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently a collegiate pitcher that throws from both submarine and a 3/4 arm slot. I'd say I mix in the 3/4 delivery only about 15-20% of my pitches in game. It is really effective if you have a difference of speed above 7 or 8 mph. The biggest problem with it at higher the higher level however is that you must have the same leg lift and stride and only change mechanics once you begin your arm action. With out this the batters will easily be able to distinguish between the pitches. If you can master similar motions however, it is extremely effective. I sit around 80-83 sub and top at around 90 at the 3/4 arm slot. I would not recommend switching styles as a youth pitcher however because it is a lot of wear and tear on your arm. Both styles use different muscle groups and if you are constantly switching styles with improper form, there is a very good likely hood for injury. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12858" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T02:39:21.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15526" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15527" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" Score="0" Body="Use this tag for all questions about futsal, a variant of association football (soccer) which is played 5-a-side on a smaller pitch." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T09:40:31.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15523" CreationDate="2017-02-15T13:16:29.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://geicohoops.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;GEICO High School Nationals Tournament&lt;/a&gt; (formerly called the National High School Invitational and then the Dick's Sporting Goods High School Nationals) began in 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the boys tournament, Montverde Academy (FL) has won four times, in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oak Hill Academy (VA) has only won the title once, in 2016. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the girls, two schools have won the title twice: Riverdale Baptist (MD) in 2012 and 2014, and Miami Country Day (FL) in 2015 and 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://geicohoops.com/tournament-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;GEICO Nationals history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-09-04T13:32:40.470" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T13:32:40.470" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15426" CreationDate="2017-02-15T18:36:21.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Futsal is a very &quot;quick&quot; sport. Usually players has to run a lot (like in basketball). That's why this kind of sports has a big rotation of players on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are playing friendly, the last defender could be a nice position, only covering your own half and helping attacking from the center of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need a rest, being a goalkeeper is the easiest position to rest, since you barely leave the penalty area. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's always depends on the type of game you are playing. If you are playing in a league, you will have to make sure your teammates doesn't fill all the positions you can handle. Or make sure that the team has replacement players. If you have a good goalkeeper (this position needs a lot of reflex, the ball in this game goes very fast), then stick to be the last defender. And start training to regain your fitness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T18:36:21.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15531" CreationDate="2017-02-16T05:25:52.930" Score="8" ViewCount="766" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sports (particularly &lt;strong&gt;football&lt;/strong&gt;), the knockout stage has a contest between two teams which comprises two matches or &quot;legs&quot;, with each team as the home team in one leg. The winning team is usually determined by aggregate score, the sum of the scores of the two legs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is the greatest comeback made by a team after losing its first leg with a great margin? I'm mainly interested in UEFA competitions and cup tournaments of top European associations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T20:24:03.227" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T20:24:03.227" Title="Greatest comeback in 2nd leg match" Tags="|football|records|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15530" CreationDate="2017-02-16T07:15:15.877" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question was a subject of much interest following Barcelona's 4-0 hammering at PSG in the Round of 16 stage of the Champions League in February 2017. While this question looks for the greatest comeback across all competitions, I focused my research on European competitions alone and it looked like Barcelona had some inspiring examples to emulate (although one of them is sure to irk the Barca faithful). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The largest margin of loss in the first leg appears to be 4 goals in Europe and it has been overturned in the second leg on two occasions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Partizan Belgrade vs QPR, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_UEFA_Cup#Second_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984-85 UEFA Cup&lt;/a&gt; Second Round (2-6, 4-0)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1984/matches/round=1122/match=67404/postmatch/lineups/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the first leg&lt;/a&gt;, QPR raced to a 4 goal advantage when they hammered 6 past Partizan in the home leg. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1984/matches/round=1122/match=67405/postmatch/lineups/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the second leg&lt;/a&gt;, their fortunes turned in Belgrade where Partizan scored 4 goals and progressed on the away goals rule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid vs Borussia Mönchengladbach, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386_UEFA_Cup#Third_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985-86 UEFA Cup&lt;/a&gt; Third Round (1-5, 4-0)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1985/matches/round=1129/match=67575/postmatch/lineups/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the first leg&lt;/a&gt;, Real were humbled in Germany falling behind by four goals. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1985/matches/round=1129/match=67576/postmatch/lineups/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the second leg&lt;/a&gt; at Madrid, Real scored 4 past Mönchengladbach, winning the tie courtesy of their solitary away goal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And now FC Barcelona vs Paris SG, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase#Round_of_16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-17 Champions League&lt;/a&gt; Round of 16 (0-4, 6-1)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FC Barcelona started the turnaround from the 4-0 drubbing quickly, scoring in the 3rd minute, and making it 3-0 in the 50th minute.  However after PSG scored, and time ticked away, it looked likely lost. Barcelona needed three goals to advance (two goals would have tied them on aggregate, but PSG would have advanced due to their one away goal). But three goals in the 88th, 90+1 and 90+6 minutes completed the historic comeback, appearing to become the first team in the Champions League era to overcome 4 goals. Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000784/match=2019621/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the match report of this historic comeback&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2017-03-10T22:28:35.437" LastActivityDate="2017-03-10T22:28:35.437" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15524" CreationDate="2017-02-16T13:37:35.793" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2014/4/4/5581984/nba-playoffs-history-bulls-spurs-knicks-cavaliers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, the lowest win-loss percentage records for a team that has qualified for a playoff spot in NBA history are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1968.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1967-1968 Chicago Bulls&lt;/a&gt; - .354 win-loss percentage (29-53 win-loss record)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1986.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985-1986 Chicago Bulls&lt;/a&gt; - .366 (30-52)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1988.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987-1988 San Antonio Spurs&lt;/a&gt; - .378 (31-51)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T13:37:35.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-17T01:55:25.070" Score="5" ViewCount="5333" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ways to translate results into IAAF points are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=9e6aa0b4-d3ac-4198-8b26-11f602a00f9f.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=IAAF%20Scoring%20Tables%20of%20Athletics%2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;published&lt;/a&gt; in form of huge tables. I am working on a statistics system and need to calculate these points. Retyping all of the tables seems a bit much to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there underlying formulas behind these tables? How can I calculate these points using less than a million of stored values?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12498" LastEditorUserId="12498" LastEditDate="2017-02-17T14:00:26.927" LastActivityDate="2021-08-11T00:21:29.200" Title="How to calculate IAAF points?" Tags="|statistics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15535" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15626" CreationDate="2017-02-17T13:42:18.533" Score="11" ViewCount="1045" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this is the kind of question that could easily dismissed with a &lt;em&gt;'No, it is not'&lt;/em&gt;. However, the Glossary section of the 2016/17 Laws of the Game reads that (&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_glossary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, p. 163):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Field of play (Pitch).&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  The playing area confined by the touchlines and goal lines &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;and goal nets where used&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;'and goal nets where used'&lt;/em&gt; part is what really bugs me. What is it supposed to mean, apart from making the inside of each goal part of the field of play (with the obvious consequences on the restart of play for fouls committed there, etc.)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T11:09:53.257" Title="In football, is the inside of each goal part of the field of play?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15530" CreationDate="2017-02-17T19:38:23.667" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For UEFA competitions,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;1 - 1961/62 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup first round&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FC La Chaux-de-Fonds &lt;strong&gt;6-2&lt;/strong&gt; Leixões SC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leixões SC&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;5-0&lt;/strong&gt; FC La Chaux-de-Fonds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;2 - 1984/85 UEFA Cup second round&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Queens Park Rangers FC &lt;strong&gt;6 - 2&lt;/strong&gt; FK Partizan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FK Partizan&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;4 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; Queens Park Rangers FC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;3 - 1985/86 UEFA Cup third round&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VfL Borussia Mönchengladbach &lt;strong&gt;5 - 1&lt;/strong&gt; Real Madrid CF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Real Madrid CF&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;4 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; VfL Borussia Mönchengladbach&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;4 - 2016/17 UEFA Champions League 1/16 final&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paris Saint-Germain F.C. &lt;strong&gt;4 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; FC Barcelona&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FC Barcelona&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;6 - 1&lt;/strong&gt; Paris Saint-Germain F.C.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;5 - 2018/19 UEFA Europa League third qualifying round&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FC Dinamo Minsk &lt;strong&gt;4 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; FC Zenit Saint Petersburg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FC Zenit Saint Petersburg&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;8 - 1&lt;/strong&gt; (after extra time) FC Dinamo Minsk&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sourced from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1626834.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this UEFA article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12354" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T20:19:57.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15927" CreationDate="2017-02-17T19:53:58.633" Score="2" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just about every time I watch a pro golfer make a putt within about 10 feet, I see them fall back a step after the ball is just about in the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this?  My theory is they are trying to keep their balance on their heels during the putt, or they are leaning back in suspense as the putt gets closer to the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phil Mickelson and Jordan Spieth are good examples of pros who do this often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any other theories, or a real explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12862" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T07:13:02.520" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T15:54:38.957" Title="Why do pro golfers fall back slightly after their putt?" Tags="|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15542" CreationDate="2017-02-18T14:57:50.630" Score="1" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am addicted to Tennis, I can't really become a Tennis pro or even semi-pro right now. I have my eyes on being some kind of official in Tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where should I start? - My first guess is LINE JUDGE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no idea how to make first step. I don't have the perfect eyesight, I am wearing glasses, but as far as I know that does not mean that I can't be a line judge, I am confident that I would be able to make decent calls. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did a little bit of research and didn't find that much information, I thought do directly contact ITF, but then I thought I would ask here first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;O and, I am based in Germany and I am 22 years old, student. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastEditorUserId="12868" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T03:55:32.277" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T03:55:32.277" Title="What are the first steps to become a Chair Umpire/Line Judge in Tennis?" Tags="|officiating|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15540" CreationDate="2017-02-18T22:13:05.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dtb-tennis.de/Aus-und-Fortbildung/Schiedsrichterwesen/Ausbildung&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; on the DDTB-tennis website may be the path towards more details for Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate suggests that it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unlike in the French or the British tennis association, for example,&#xA;  there is no uniform line-up training in Germany. The usual entry for&#xA;  interested parties is here on futures and challenger tournaments,&#xA;  which always look for new faces on the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The German Tennis Association (DTSV) is generally informed about&#xA;  vacant spots and is happy to help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/about/misc/national-associations.aspx?Nation=GER&amp;amp;RA=ANY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF website&lt;/a&gt;, it gives contact info as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Telephone: 49 40 411 78 0&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Address: Deutscher Tennis Bund EV&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hallerstrasse 89&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hamburg&lt;br&gt;&#xA;20149  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps write to or call them??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T22:13:05.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15544" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-19T08:38:00.557" Score="8" ViewCount="4494" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule concerning the violation of a 11 player rule? What if the team fielding 12 players played half an inning without anybody noticing it? The game was a 20 over/side game and each team was allowed a super sub. Any 11 can bat and any 11 can bowl however only 11 can field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if this has ever happened before, however it did to us. The team chasing noticed that the fielding team had 11 players on the field. Not sure when they added the 12th player, but there was no substitution called. I think the team played with 12 from the beginning. I cannot find any rule that addresses this violation. I wonder if this was the first time that this rule has been violated in such a way. It's dumb and funny at the same time.  What should have happened!?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12867" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-19T10:04:02.813" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T16:00:21.240" Title="What happens if a cricket team has more than 11 fielders?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15544" CreationDate="2017-02-19T09:17:23.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.6&lt;/a&gt; is pretty clear on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player comes on to the field of play in contravention of 5(b) above and comes into contact with the ball while it is in play,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) the ball shall immediately become dead and the umpire shall award 5 penalty runs to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the umpire's didn't enforce this, it's a tricky situation; the Laws don't cover situations where the umpires failed to enforce the Laws correctly. This is a classic case of &quot;refer it to the organising body for the competition, and let them sort it out&quot; - although it's going to be particularly tricky as nobody's going to be particularly sure when the team had 12 fielders and when they didn't, and how often the &quot;12th man&quot; touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T09:17:23.153" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15546" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-02-19T17:20:35.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of February 2018, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/846/revisiting-autograph-identification-questions-conclusion-off-topic&quot;&gt;community consensus is that autograph identification questions are now off-topic on Sports Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt; as they:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;attract low-quality and low-effort posts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;only helpful for the OP and useless for future reference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are not searchable, thus add no value to the site&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any autograph identification questions will be closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:35:40.290" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:35:40.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15547" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-02-19T17:20:35.957" Score="0" Body="[OFF-TOPIC] Questions regarding autograph identification are now off-topic on Sports Stack Exchange. Click to learn more and follow the link to meta for the reasoning behind this decision." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T19:52:02.150" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T19:52:02.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15548" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-19T21:30:41.563" Score="2" ViewCount="961" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5836/in-nascar-how-important-is-pole-position&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; broadly discusses the worth of Pole position in NASCAR, but I wondered if any more of a full mathematical analysis had been performed to determine the &amp;quot;marginal gain&amp;quot; of each position, and how it differs between various auto series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be nice to know if all these long qualifying days are really significant for teams, or whether they can do well by putting their attention on race day.  Certainly there are a few different &amp;quot;chicken-egg&amp;quot; arguments possible [does a better position lead to an easier race, or does a better position show a better car making a good result more likely] (which could be considered in future questions), but the results of starting position would seem important for any scientific mind interested in maximizing their sport viewing time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In lieu of a deeper data, at least statistics on the average finishing position by starting position would be interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2021-10-26T06:42:19.653" LastActivityDate="2021-10-26T06:42:19.653" Title="What is the valuation between different starting positions in auto racing?" Tags="|statistics|formula-1|auto-racing|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15549" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-19T22:28:22.473" Score="5" ViewCount="10660" Body="&lt;p&gt;You couple the guys who can hit the ball the hardest... and the greatest gatherings of people to within just feet of the fairways and greens, it would seem that crowd members would regularly be hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Catch someone on the temple or a weak bone, and I'd imagine there could easily be serious injury.  Yet I don't remember any big stories about this happening.  And the only remotely helpful result from Google seemed to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Has-any-member-of-the-audience-been-killed-at-a-golf-game-like-the-Masters-by-getting-hit-with-the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Quora discussion&lt;/a&gt;.  Is this an under-publicized problem?  Or an insignificant danger?  Or a disaster waiting to happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T10:08:21.580" Title="How often do people in the golf tournament crowds get seriously hurt or killed by errant golf shots?" Tags="|golf|pga-tour|lpga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15824" CreationDate="2017-02-19T22:44:35.697" Score="4" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across &lt;a href=&quot;http://talksport.com/football/worst-champions-league-winners-ever-revealed-160504194531&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this TalkSports article&lt;/a&gt; about undeserving champions.  But it got me wondering about a couple other ways of looking at it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The greatest/smallest goal differential (per game) through the course of the tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The most/fewest minutes leading (per game)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would seem these would really help quantify teams that scraped through the tournament and teams that controlled the tournament.  Getting a list of at least a few teams at each end of the spectrum, and perhaps average values, would help compare the different victors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-01T20:41:46.920" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T05:20:33.797" Title="What Champions League winners had the largest and smallest overall margins during the tournament?" Tags="|football|statistics|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-19T22:52:01.370" Score="6" ViewCount="14961" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the average height of the male and female volleyball athletes by position and division in the NCAA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12868" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-02-19T23:21:47.150" LastActivityDate="2019-09-10T22:00:08.847" Title="Average volleyball athlete height in NCAA" Tags="|trivia|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15549" CreationDate="2017-02-20T12:06:27.183" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some internet sleuthing led me to &lt;a href=&quot;http://golf.heraldtribune.com/death-by-golf-ball-not-all-that-uncommon/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article from 2010&lt;/a&gt; wherein the author has listed cases where being struck by a golf ball led to a fatality. The author's research has provided 8 instances of death by a golf ball over a roughly 17 year period. What is important to note is that all these deaths seem to involve amateur golfers or the unfortunate victims being on the fairway or greens at the wrong time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the PGA Tour, I believe this is not a major hazard as the chances of wayward shots into (significantly large) crowds would be negligible considering the skill level of the players. My research has not uncovered incidents of golf ball induced death on the PGA Tour, so it seems that this is a negligible hazard for crowds at PGA Tour events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more research led me to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/05/29/she-was-hit-in-face-by-a-golf-ball-so-pga-player-who-hit-it-brought-her-flowers/?utm_term=.564cbc9bf0b4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this feelgood story from May 2016&lt;/a&gt; where an onlooker was hit on the head by PGA Tour golfer Tony Finau. There are a few more instances of such injuries on the PGA Tour. However, the odds of them being fatal are significantly less as such events usually have a competent medical staff available during the tournament, which greatly reduces the chances of injuries to players or onlookers turning fatal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T18:29:26.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15551" CreationDate="2017-02-20T12:51:54.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are the average volleyball heights for an athlete according to their positions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/college-volleyball-recruiting/volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/volleyball-libero&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Libero/Defensive Specialist:&lt;/a&gt; 5'5&quot; - 6'0&quot; &lt;em&gt;(165.1 - 182.9 cm)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/college-volleyball-recruiting/volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/volleyball-middle-blocker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Middle Blocker&lt;/a&gt;: 6'0&quot; - 6'4&quot;+ &lt;em&gt;(182.9 - 193+ cm)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/college-volleyball-recruiting/volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/volleyball-outside-hitter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Outside Hitters&lt;/a&gt;: 5'11&quot; - 6'2&quot; &lt;em&gt;(180.3 - 188 cm)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/college-volleyball-recruiting/volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/volleyball-rightside-hitter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rightside Hitters&lt;/a&gt;: 5'11&quot; - 6'2&quot;+ &lt;em&gt;(180.3 - 188+ cm)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/college-volleyball-recruiting/volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/volleyball-setter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Setters&lt;/a&gt;: 5'9&quot; - 6'1&quot;+ &lt;em&gt;(175.3 - 185.4+ cm)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T20:28:27.553" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T20:28:27.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15556" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15557" CreationDate="2017-02-20T21:54:44.080" Score="7" ViewCount="194120" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a trade, one NBA team can give to the other a protected pick (I heard of this concept reading about the alleged details of the DeMarcus Cousins trade from Sacramento Kings to New Orleans Pelicans). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the idea of first and second round picks at the NBA lottery, but I fail to see what can be &quot;protected&quot; about a future event dominated by chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11457" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-14T09:08:53.177" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T22:14:12.843" Title="What is a protected pick?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15556" CreationDate="2017-02-20T22:09:47.940" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;A protected pick is one which will be traded &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; if it is below a certain point in the draft order. For example, in the Cousins trade, the first round pick that the Pelicans are sending to the Kings is &quot;top three protected&quot; - i.e. if the Pelicans end up with any of the first, second or third pick in the draft, then they keep their 2017 pick and the process starts again with their 2018 first round pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBA FAQ&lt;/a&gt; can get you right into the gory details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T22:13:54.263" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T22:13:54.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15562" CreationDate="2017-02-21T05:01:19.570" Score="3" ViewCount="1594" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read from some sources that the dream of every sportsman, the Olympic Gold Medal, is not 100% pure gold. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://history1900s.about.com/od/greateventsofthecentury/a/olympicfacts.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92.5% silver, and must contain a minimum of 6 grams of gold&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The last series of Olympic medals to be made of solid gold were awarded at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do any of the present sports competitions give pure solid gold medals for the winners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-21T13:18:50.493" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T04:04:47.953" Title="Does any competition currently give solid gold medals to winners?" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15558" CreationDate="2017-02-21T14:31:54.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, some sports competitions still give out solid gold awards to the winners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, the Kentucky Derby awards the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Derby_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;only solid gold trophy in sports&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional sports championship rings (such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_ring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl rings&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series_ring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Series rings&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Championship_ring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA championship rings&lt;/a&gt;), are usually solid gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Championship belts are usually gold plated. However, there are occasionally solid gold championship belts made for special events, such as the 2013 WBC Mayweather vs. Alvarez belt and the 2015 WBC Mayweather vs Pacquiao belt (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalsportek.com/boxing/most-expensive-belt-for-winner-of-pacquiao-vs-mayweather-fight/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, although these examples are &lt;em&gt;solid&lt;/em&gt; gold, they are not always &lt;em&gt;pure&lt;/em&gt; 24K gold; they may be a lesser purity number. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-02-21T15:01:38.613" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T15:01:38.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15564" CreationDate="2017-02-21T16:23:18.537" Score="1" ViewCount="2726" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if this is covered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#6.2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6.2 Wrong Ball First&lt;/a&gt;. Basically I want to know if it's a foul in this case/example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the shooter is assigned the stripes group&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the shooter calls the shot: ball 13 and the head right pocket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the shooter fails to touch the ball 13 but doesn't commit any other foul (e.g. the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/index.asp?id=121&amp;amp;pagetype=rules#6.3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6.3 No Rail after Contact&lt;/a&gt;, maybe hits another striped ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case the shooter committed a foul and the opponent gets the cue ball in the hand or the shooter only lost his turn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12880" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T06:41:23.550" Title="8-ball: is it a foul if the shooter doesn't touch the call shot ball?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15563" CreationDate="2017-02-21T16:48:34.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You understanding of this rule seems to be right, except for one minor detail. Here is the rule in question, in its entirety (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6.3 No Rail after Contact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If no ball is pocketed on a shot, the cue ball must contact an object ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and after that contact at least one ball (cue ball or any object ball) must be driven to a rail, or the shot is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shooter fails to make contact with the intended striped ball, the ball &lt;strong&gt;MUST&lt;/strong&gt; go on to touch another striped ball and one of the balls must make contact with a rail, otherwise the shot is a foul and the opponent gets the ball in hand. In case the cue ball makes first contact with another striped ball and one of the balls makes contact with a rail, the player simply loses his turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T16:48:34.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15570" CreationDate="2017-02-21T22:44:38.220" Score="1" ViewCount="1964" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a fairly big guy for a soccer player, which has some advantages and disadvantages.  Two of the disadvantages is that referees think that I'm clumsy when I fall over, or that I'm not being fouled when I don't fall over after someone pushes me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know tactics on how to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make a defender's pushes on your back less effective?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make someone pushing you appear more reckless or dangerous?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12881" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-22T16:05:21.827" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T16:05:21.827" Title="Soccer: How to thwart someone who's pushing you on the back when receiving the ball" Tags="|football|officiating|technique|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-02-22T13:59:12.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15566" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-22T02:13:56.680" Score="-2" ViewCount="2117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a play-in team (a team that entered the tournament bracket through the preliminary &quot;First Four&quot; tournament games) ever won the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship?  If not, what are the lowest seeded teams to win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12884" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T19:01:13.920" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T19:01:13.920" Title="Has a play-in team ever won the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15566" CreationDate="2017-02-22T13:11:24.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has a play-in team ever won the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If not, what [is] the lowest seeded [team] to win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Villanova is credited as being the lowest-seed to win the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship as an 8 seed in 1985&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2013/04/02/ncaa-tournament-final-four-teams-most-shocking/2047219/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T13:11:24.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15565" CreationDate="2017-02-22T13:58:12.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played as a defender against some very frustrating strikers with larger frames. The good ones lean back a bit, expecting some contact, and concentrate on shielding the ball. They don't let a small push from the defender's body disturb their play, and know that an obvious shove in their back using both hands will result in a free kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try practising the scenario with a teammate, and get used to adjusting your balance to counteract his pushing from behind. Unless he is much stronger than you, with some practise you should be able to keep your balance and the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A push in the back is unlikely to make you fall, and throwing yourself to the ground will convince nobody, especially if the defender is smaller than you.  I don't think anyone would ever see pushing as reckless or dangerous, but repeated foul play by a defender could result in a yellow card. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember that you are (literally) the bigger guy here, and are more than capable of pushing back (legally), so just accept it as part of the game and concentrate on winning the bigger battles. If you keep possession, and pass to a teammate then it is a small win for you. If you are able to use the aggressiveness of the defender in your favour and spin past him, it is a big win for you. If you frustrate the defender into an obvious foul, again a win for you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T13:58:12.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15575" CreationDate="2017-02-23T11:34:45.610" Score="6" ViewCount="2252" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the story but I couldn't find any real proof. Is this real? Or is there a way to find out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the funniest matches in football:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Arsenal VS Spartak Moscow (1925)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fog was covering the pitch (White Hart Lane), and it was too hard to see, impossible to play a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the ref refused to cancel the match, because the other team came all the way from Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway the match was a total mess, an Arsenal player was sent off because he kept arguing with the ref. He came back in to the match later and the ref didn't notice him. Spartak made a change, but the subbed player didn't go off the pitch, the match continued this way and the ref wasn't able to see anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At a moment in that match, Spartak played with 15 players. Arsenal players started to feel something was wrong, but nobody was able to count the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the real problem was when the Arsenal keeper got injured because his head smashed into the post while trying to save a ball. The keeper went out of the game, and a fan jumped there instead of him, and nobody noticed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12890" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T00:27:12.877" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T00:27:12.877" Title="Is the 1925 White Hart Lane match real?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15573" CreationDate="2017-02-23T13:03:08.250" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such a match did take place, but a few of the facts as stated in the question are incorrect. The visitors were Dynamo Moscow and not Spartak as claimed in the question. And the year was 1945, after the Second World War when football was suspended.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/flowers-fog-and-george-orwell-how-dinamo-moscow-conquered-war-weary-britain&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;British magazine FourFourTwo have an article on the games Dynamo played in Britain,&lt;/a&gt; which confirms the occurrence of this match. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1941-45&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The section on Arsenal's website covering the years 1941-45&lt;/a&gt; also mentions the occurrence of this match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many claims in the question are false or exaggerated, but here are some of the facts from the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal’s Highbury ground had been an air-raid control centre, so the match was played at Tottenham’s White Hart Lane.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal did not have enough players as they were still serving in the armed forces, leading to manager George Allison getting Stanley Matthews, Stan Mortensen and Joe Bacuzzi to play as guests for Arsenal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The game was officiated by a referee Dynamo had brought with them and he refused to abandon the game despite the heavy fog settling on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is claimed that Dynamo did have 12 players on the pitch following a substitution error.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal player Reg Drury was allegedly sent off but he ran into the fog and continued playing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The equalizing goal was scored by Sergei Soloviev who was allegedly offside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dynamo won the game 4-3 although the result is disputed, owing to a host of alleged refereeing errors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other sources that make even more bizarre claims matching those in the question, but I chose to stick to verifiable sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T08:39:38.680" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T08:39:38.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15576" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-23T20:51:37.473" Score="5" ViewCount="2027" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a team in any of the major US sports leagues (NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL) ever purchased another teams draft pick for cash? It is common for teams to trade their draft picks for player but I am wondering if any team has actually purchased a pick by only trading cash. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12689" LastActivityDate="2017-11-25T03:25:49.037" Title="Is it possible to purchase another teams draft pick?" Tags="|nfl|mlb|nba|nhl|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15566" CreationDate="2017-02-23T21:01:07.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NCAA tournament expanded to include the play-in teams starting in 2011. Since 2011 tournament the lowest seed to win it all has been a 7 seed (UCONN). To answer the first part of your question, no play-in team has even made it to the championship let alone won it. &#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;To answer your second part, &lt;i&gt;&quot;Three 11 seeds have made it to the round of four--LSU in 1986, George Mason in 2006 and VCU in 2011. Throughout the history of the tournament, just 14 teams seeded seventh or worse have made it to the Final Four. The lowest seed to win the tournament and national title was the No. 8 seeded Villanova in 1985&quot;&lt;/i&gt; Source:&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=5&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwidiP-xjafSAhUH6YMKHe1bD8YQFggwMAQ&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fsports%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F03%2Fis_syracuse_the_lowest_seed_ev.html&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGIxuTXPXaNV2cfrgoUmD7Sfd8MKA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LINK HERE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12689" LastActivityDate="2017-02-23T21:01:07.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15582" CreationDate="2017-02-23T22:04:12.833" Score="8" ViewCount="768" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2017/02/22/budapest-to-withdraw-bid-to-host-2024-summer-olympics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Budapest will withdraw its bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympics, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris in the race&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if both Paris and Los Angeles also withdraw their bids to host Summer Olympics 2024?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on official rules/statements or examples of similar situations in the past, how would the International Olympic Committee select a host city?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T03:30:06.763" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T09:54:39.697" Title="What happens if every city withdraws bids to host the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15579" CreationDate="2017-02-24T07:35:43.803" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IOC has actually had to backtrack quite a few times at much later points in the process than host selection, 8 years out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.history.com/news/8-unusual-facts-about-the-1904-st-louis-olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1904 Olympics in St Louis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.historytoday.com/stephen-halliday/london%E2%80%99s-olympics-1908&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1908 Olympics in London&lt;/a&gt; both were originally set to be staged in different cities and apparently moved within about 2 years of the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, obviously those were a different era in the scale and spectacle of the Olympics.  And there's also not great information out there on how early St Louis/London showed interest...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there's a lot of information on the mess that was the bidding for the 1976 Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 countries entered the final round of bids in 1970:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Denver, US&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sion, Switzerland&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tampere, Finland&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vancouver, Canada&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Denver won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then withdrew 39 months before the game after voters blocked funding.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then Whistler, near Vancouver, was selected. They turned it down due to a government change.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then the US suggested Salt Lake City as a replacement. SLC withdrew their offer due to economics.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then the US suggested Lake Placid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally the IOC opted to put it in Innsbruck, Austria just 36 months before the games.  Austria had not bid previously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that gives a suggestion as to what would happen if everyone withdrew (or if something came up that would prevent hosting): a recent host would end up with the games.  They have the infrastructure, they have the experience, and they would need less preparation time.  It would seem a straightforward fit.  (Innsbruck had held the Winter Games 12 years earlier)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar has happened in the World Cup, when in 1982 Colombia withdrew from hosting the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986 World Cup&lt;/a&gt; after being the only country to have put in a bid.  A new bidding round was requested and three countries made entries; Mexico, which had hosted 16 years prior, was unanimously selected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more recent extreme example is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Africa_Cup_of_Nations#Host_selection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Africa Cup of Nations&lt;/a&gt;.  Morocco and South Africa made bids.  Morocco won.  Then Morocco apparently withdrew just THREE month before the tournament over fears from the Ebola outbreak.  2012 co-hosts Equatorial Guinea took it on, even in a climate where many others refused to consider it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it would seem likely that there would be some combination of a rebid round or private negotiations, and that it would likely end up moving back to a recent host.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if no one still was interested?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Well, the IOC could pay to hold the events themselves, without any direct assistance from the cities.  Smaller sporting events do this all the time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or they could cancel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But doubt we'll come to that any time soon, even with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/magazine/does-hosting-the-olympics-actually-pay-off.html?_r=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the economic benefits of hosting being uncertain&lt;/a&gt;.  The Olympics are a huge world event, with plenty of attention and fame.  Someone will do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(You can see the entire history of Olympic bids &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T05:39:47.503" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T05:39:47.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15602" CreationDate="2017-02-25T04:25:54.117" Score="1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether justifiably or not, in modern baseball conversations, &lt;strong&gt;W.A.R.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wins_Above_Replacement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(wins above replacement)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; has become the goto statistic to qualify who's the best in the game.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, can it be applied to teams?  And has it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I mean is:  say we figured out the record of an all replacement level squad -  it seems like it would vary based upon the year, but for ease of this question, let's say 62 wins, 100 losses.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it should be less, but whatever the case, what we're talking about here is the win-loss record for a team with a combined W.A.R. of 0.0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now - if we took at a team with 92 wins and 70 losses, how close would their record come to their combined team W.A.R.?  In other words, could we expect them to have a combined team W.A.R. of 30?  If not; why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any sort of statistical interest in combined team W.A.R., and / or has any sort of analysis been done to see how closely team W.A.R. correlates to actual Wins and Losses?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if it doesn't correlate in that manner, shouldn't the name be changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T13:32:05.533" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T17:50:15.390" Title="Has W.A.R. been used in this fashion?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15769" CreationDate="2017-02-25T11:35:11.983" Score="9" ViewCount="1523" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13007/theoretically-what-is-the-maximum-number-of-times-any-two-english-premier-leagu&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, what is the record for the maximum number of times two teams have actually faced off in one season? Since league formats vary across countries and continents, I have restricted the scope of this question to the Big Five leagues of Europe (i.e the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, German Bundesliga and French Ligue 1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:07:55.817" LastActivityDate="2024-01-17T21:17:30.093" Title="What is the most number of times two teams met in a season?" Tags="|football|records|english-premier-league|la-liga|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15598" CreationDate="2017-02-25T21:30:16.527" Score="1" ViewCount="7672" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, when a team is losing by one goal in the waning minutes, the goalie is often replaced by another player, giving more offense, but creating the risk of an empty-net goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often do teams that pull the goalie end up scoring?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;How often does the other team score?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;How often does the trailing team wind up winning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T07:45:30.480" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T07:45:30.480" Title="How often does pulling the goalie work?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15588" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15603" CreationDate="2017-02-26T02:43:32.943" Score="4" ViewCount="370" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel like I have a good grasp of hybrid &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icing_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;icing&lt;/a&gt; in the NHL, but every couple of games I notice what looks to be a missed icing call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defensive team gains possession of the puck in their own zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both teams immediately begin changing some players (benches are on each team's defensive side of the rink), as one defensive player slowly carries the puck into the neutral zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two opposing defensemen -- slowly retreating, anticipating a trip to the bench -- have left a small lane for the player to carry the puck just past the center line, but the defensive player does not take it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While between his team's blue line and the center line, the defensive player clears the puck past the opposing defensemen to the opposing goal line, but &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; directly at the goal. &lt;strong&gt;The puck leaves his stick at least 3 feet before the center line&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The opposing team will clearly be the next to touch the puck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All skaters are now changing or have just come onto the ice. Fresh opposing defensemen skate back to their goal to retrieve the puck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The opposing goalie may or may not come out to play the puck, but it was apparent before this fact that icing would not be called.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the puck crosses the center line and goal line, and no players touch the puck before it crosses the goal line, I always expect an icing call. The body language of the players on the ice indicates that they know it won't be called for icing, so the goalie's choice to come out and play it does not seem to be a factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is icing called off when both teams are substituting, even if the cleared puck meets all criteria of an icing?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, are the officials missing an occasional icing call, or do they allow the puck to be released less than some distance (like 5 feet) behind the center line when possession is clearly being exchanged for a full change? The defensive player is trending toward his bench as he clears it, so he knows it won't be called. I'm wondering if this has something to do with bench location, as I only see this play when the bench is on the defense's side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12902" LastEditorUserId="12902" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T23:40:16.133" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T19:01:51.200" Title="Is this a subtlety in the icing rule?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15589" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-26T07:54:46.710" Score="5" ViewCount="763" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 17 and I do the decathlon in high school. My country has a terrible sports history and doesn't have a record for half of the athletics events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their record for decathlon was set in 1979 and is only 6412 points. I am close to this number and I wonder: &lt;strong&gt;can an athlete take part in the Olympic Games for their country even while being worse than the average athlete at the Olympics?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the time the next Olympics start I should be at around 7000 points and I want (like every other athlete) to go to the Olympics. I've seen cases of athletes put in just because the country had nobody else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12903" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T09:58:47.020" LastActivityDate="2020-04-07T00:52:32.787" Title="Can I take part in the Olympic Games decathlon by default?" Tags="|olympics|track-and-field|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15599" CreationDate="2017-02-26T08:10:47.410" Score="5" ViewCount="17145" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen sports shops selling Yonex Badminton cocks in boxes titled &quot;Mavis 350&quot;, &quot;Mavis 500&quot; or &quot;Mavis 10&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these numbers mean anything in particular, or is it just that the Brands can't get creative with their names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried to look into this a bit, and some say it may imply its &lt;strong&gt;resemblance&lt;/strong&gt; to a feather cock. So a Mavis 2000 is &lt;strong&gt;better&lt;/strong&gt; than a Mavis 10 in resembling a Yonex feather cock. Is this true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12904" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T13:43:16.557" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T13:43:16.557" Title="What do the numbers on Mavis (Yonex) Badminton cocks mean?" Tags="|equipment|terminology|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15589" CreationDate="2017-02-26T09:52:28.350" Score="7" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Entry by Qualifying Standards&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In decathlon, your ability compared to the average athlete is irrelevant; what you need is to meet the fixed entry standard within a certain time period prior to the Games, for yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The entry standard for the 2016 Olympic Games decathlon event was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a score of 8100 or greater,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;obtained at an IAAF-approved event&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;between 1 January 2015 and 11 July 2016&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gave about 18 months of events, and qualifying ended four weeks prior to the opening ceremony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar standard and qualifying period can be expected for the 2020 Olympic Games; you could need a score notably above 8000 at an IAAF event during 2019 or 2020 prior to the Games' beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Entry by Nomination&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not meet this standard, there may be one &amp;quot;saving grace&amp;quot; method of entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2016 Olympic Games, contrary to prior Games, a National Olympic Committee which did not have any athletes meet the entry standards in one of a list of specific events, could nominate a single athlete (in each sex, as and where appropriate) for those specific events not qualified to. This guaranteed every NOC could have at least one athlete in every event of the athletics components of the games, if they so desired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not known whether this alternative method of entry will be in place for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. You should aim to learn and to meet the full qualifying standard regardless of whether others in your country can or cannot also meet it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T09:52:28.350" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15592" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-02-26T10:01:55.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions should concern the standards, requirements, history or reasoning behind qualification into or for a sports event or competition, or progression from one stage to the next in competition formats other than knockout/elimination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T06:38:45.640" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T06:38:45.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15593" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-02-26T10:01:55.263" Score="0" Body="Questions about the standards, requirements, history or reasoning behind qualification into or for a sports event or competition, or progression from one stage to the next in competition formats other than knockout/elimination.&#xD;&#xA;Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport or competition." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T21:14:53.073" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T21:14:53.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15594" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-26T10:31:15.990" Score="4" ViewCount="1534" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if I bet on 5 games over 1.0/1.5 goals and 3 of them ended over 1.5, but the rest two only with one goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the outcome calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12906" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T15:45:05.193" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T15:45:05.193" Title="Asian handicap bets combination" Tags="|football|strategy|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15594" CreationDate="2017-02-26T10:38:18.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_handicap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This is the wikipedia page that explain asian handicap betting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a case of multiple bet you have to calculate in this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bet Y&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;event 1 over 1.5 =&gt; win (coefficient X1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;event 2 over 1.5 =&gt; win (coefficient X2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;event 3 over 1.5 =&gt; win (coefficient X3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;event 4 over 1 =&gt; draw (win divided by 2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;event 5 over 1 =&gt; draw (win divided by 2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case your outcome is:&#xA; &lt;strong&gt;- Y*((X1*X2*X3)/4)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each event you can think in this way: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;half betting on over 1.0 (you win 5 out of 5 bets)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and half on over 1.5 (you win 3 out of 5 times)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T12:37:35.810" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T12:37:35.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15586" CreationDate="2017-02-26T20:50:59.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/nhl-coaches-are-pulling-goalies-earlier-than-ever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FiveThirtyEight article&lt;/a&gt;, itself quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty-and-research/marketing/faculty/morrison/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Donald Morrison&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;If you pull the goalie with two and a half minutes to go, you have a 19 to 20 percent chance of tying the game&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a model rather than empirical data based on actual games, but certainly gives us some sort of idea as to a success rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T20:50:59.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15590" CreationDate="2017-02-26T21:15:54.793" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;YONEX offers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonex.com/sports/badminton/products/badminton/shuttlecocks/nylon-shuttlecocks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8 different plastic shuttlecock products&lt;/a&gt;, although availability may differ depending on what region/country you're in. Depending on the market, some products may also not be available in white and yellow. Despite the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yonex.com/_assets/images/cache/products/productmain/badminton-shuttlecocks-M2000-main.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;picture&lt;/a&gt; on the YONEX homepage, the 2000 &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; available in yellow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pricing and marketing suggests that the higher the number the better (= closer to feather shuttles) the flight path is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mavis 10 to Mavis 370 look very similar. In contrast, Mavis 2000 are visibly different, more so than it you can see in the official promotion pictures. (I have never handled 500 or 600.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my personal experience and opinion, Mavis 10, 350 and 370 feel quite similar. Anecdotally, the 10 breaks easier than the other ones, but I don't have enough data on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mavis 2000 feels quite different than the other ones. I feel that you get more control at the net and there's a slightly larger range of distance (i.e. you can hit it out a little bit easier, but also play it quite slow), although that may be partially a placebo effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Mavis 2000 breaks a little bit earlier than the 350/370, but it's still on the scale of a plastic shuttle; you can easily play multiple hours with a single shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, the difference between a Mavis 370 and 2000 is still less than between a Mavis 2000 and a feather shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to stick to YONEX plastic shuttles and value good flight characteristics, the Mavis 2000 is certainly a good idea. If you want the plastic shuttle to fly like every other decent plastic shuttle, go for one of the other ones, e.g. a 350.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T21:15:54.793" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15604" CreationDate="2017-02-27T17:41:08.463" Score="2" ViewCount="573" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that when serving I must serve diagnally, but my opponents have a habit of catching the shuttle in midair when they think its going to land in the wrong section. It feels especially unfair when they catch it when it's very close to the line, but it seems to me that if they catch it at all, even if it's obviously going to be a fault, then it should be their fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure that they shouldn't catch it, but I've been unable to prove it, and we don't have anyone around who knows for sure. I couldn't find a definitive answer in the rules, either, but that might be because I'm unfamiliar with the game. Does anyone know for sure?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12911" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T00:45:55.190" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T00:45:55.190" Title="Can an opponent catch the shuttle before it hits the ground on a serve?" Tags="|rules|badminton|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15584" CreationDate="2017-02-27T17:50:15.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has been analysis done to look at the correlation between individual WAR and the record of teams. Most entities that calculate WAR make the same assumption that a team full of replacement level players would win about 52 games in a season (.320 Win %). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below are 2 links that show high correlation when studying the relationship between WAR and team records. Hardball is more in depth and (mostly) impartial. FanGraphs is more of a summary and could be less impartial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hardballtimes.com/what-is-war-good-for/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hardball Times WAR Study&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/war-it-works/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FanGraphs WAR Study&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T17:50:15.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15588" CreationDate="2017-02-27T18:55:37.313" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To be clear: player substitution does not affect any determination of icing. Neither does the location of the bench.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situations you are describing, it is most likely that the official does not have a clear enough view of the location of the release of the puck to make a sound determination of icing, so he lets play continue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, what you see is going to be very different from what the official sees. From a broadcast camera angle, or line of sight from the stands, it might look like the puck is leaving the offensive defenseman's stick &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; feet from the center line. To an official, who's likely in motion, avoiding collisions with players, and looking from a much lower angle, things might not be so obvious. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the rule specifies that &quot;gaining the line&quot; is achieved by the puck, not the player's skate, I have observed that officials generally give the benefit of non-icing if it appears that the player is making effort to gain the line with body position as much as with the puck itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2015-2016-Interactive-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Rule 81&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1084675-rule-624-icing-the-puck&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Hockey Rule 624&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, a determination of icing DOES affect player substitution: if icing is called, the violating team is not allowed to make any player substitutions prior to the ensuing faceoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12912" LastEditorUserId="12912" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T19:01:51.200" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T19:01:51.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15601" CreationDate="2017-02-27T20:53:25.823" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the (June 2016) &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20June%202016%20Revised%202.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton, Law 13&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It shall be a &quot;fault&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.3 if in play, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;13.3.4 touches the person or dress of a player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from Law 15:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A shuttle is not in play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15.2 it hits the surface of the court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shuttle is in play because it has not yet hit the surface of the court, so it touching a player is a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's tournament rules, obviously. If in casual play, the serve is &lt;em&gt;obviously&lt;/em&gt; going to miss, catching the shuttlecock may speed play up a bit - but doing it on anything remotely close to the line is bad form at best and cheating at worst. I'd politely ask your opponents not to catch the shuttlecock, and hopefully that will be the end of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T09:13:46.790" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T09:13:46.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15605" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-28T00:53:17.757" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)#Triple_Crown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Triple Crown&lt;/a&gt; is an achievement wherein a player wins the title in Singles, Doubles and Mixed Doubles in a single Grand Slam event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the scheduling of finals matches being so close together in recent years, is it still possible for a player to achieve this feat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-21T09:56:06.700" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T09:56:06.700" Title="Schedule-wise, is it possible to win a Triple Crown in today's Tennis?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15605" CreationDate="2017-02-28T08:35:42.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Considering &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; the schedule of the matches is it possible to win the Triple Crown&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several examples of schedule modified to give the possibility to tennis players to play in two different draw. Is it possible to see from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Isner-Mahut played in Wimbledon 2010&lt;/a&gt; where both double matches were postponed because of the duration of the single match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obiovously it will be necessary to play (and win!) at least two matches on the same day because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single needs to win 7 matches (+ eventually qualification matches)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Double need to win 6 matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed double need to win 6 matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the player has to win at least 19 matches in 13 day (here the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/scores/schedule/schedule20.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; pages for Wimbledon 2016 women single and double final schedule both won by Serena Williams, mixed double final was played the day after)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-04T14:31:50.310" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T14:31:50.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15607" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-02-28T08:42:12.037" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T08:42:12.037" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T08:42:12.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15608" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-02-28T08:42:12.037" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Disabled List (DL) in Major League Baseball (i.e. the list where the injured players are placed in order to call healthy players to the roster)." OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T13:09:37.977" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T13:09:37.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2637" CreationDate="2017-02-28T08:50:13.670" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I try to get the ball at the bottom of my middle finger as I feel that gives me absolute full palm contact with the ball and snap my wrist down at initial contact and it seems to work for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12917" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T08:50:13.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15610" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15618" CreationDate="2017-02-28T09:48:44.190" Score="4" ViewCount="10985" Body="&lt;p&gt;I occasionally watch hockey games, and sometimes, the home team wears the colored jersey, sometimes it is the away team. This rule seems to change from time to time, so as a casual viewer it is not easy to quickly understand who is home by looking jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do leagues (in particular the NHL) have strict rules on this? Does the rule change sometimes? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T08:48:49.843" LastActivityDate="2024-04-01T21:17:21.573" Title="How is it decided in hockey which team wears white or colored jersey?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|uniform|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15521" CreationDate="2017-02-28T11:42:32.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know about other but i know about these two players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SOURAV GANGULY :-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sourav ganguly is superstitious and believe in astrology. Ganguly had changed Jersey numbers time to time according to the astrology. Sourav ganguly had played &lt;code&gt;1999 world cup wearing Jersey with number 1.&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;He had decided on 99&lt;/code&gt; after he was made skipper and an astrologer suggested that the number would bring good luck to his side. And later turned to &lt;code&gt;Jersey number 24&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SACHIN TENDULKAR :-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sachin used to wear &lt;code&gt;Jersey number 99&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;The biggest no. One can have on Jersey.&lt;code&gt;But later he turned up to number 10&lt;/code&gt; &#xA;as his mother told him number 10 would be lucky for him according to the astrologer, and he put number 10 on his jersey. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mumbai Indians has decided to retire the Jersey number 10 after sachin's&#xA;  retirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIRENDER SEHWAG:-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Used to wear &lt;code&gt;number 44&lt;/code&gt;. But today, he is the only cricketer in the world who &lt;code&gt;wears no number&lt;/code&gt;. Apparently, he did that on Jumani's behest. Says a source, Number 8 was proving to be unlucky, so he visited Jumaani, who suggested he do away with the number 8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="12919" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T11:47:59.327" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T11:47:59.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15614" CreationDate="2017-02-28T12:20:38.133" Score="2" ViewCount="6800" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious about this. Usually if batsmen have completed a run and run for another and run out in the process, they are awarded with the run they completed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if 2 runs are required off the final ball. Batsmen complete the first run and then set off for the second, and one is run-out in the process. Is the match tied now? Why or why not ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12920" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T13:25:02.317" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T09:40:49.357" Title="2 Runs need of last ball, batsman is runout while taking second run. What is the result?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15613" CreationDate="2017-02-28T12:41:47.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes the match is tied.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because both team's scores are level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For Example&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Team A score 329 runs by batting first and Team B is on 328 on last&#xA;  ball of the match, so Team B is required 2 runs in 1 ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to your question's situation Team B get 1 run on last ball&#xA;  because their batsman is runout, so both team's scores are 329 while&#xA;  the allotted overs are over that's why Match is Tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this might help you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T12:41:47.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15434" CreationDate="2017-02-28T12:56:27.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;2016 T20 world cup&lt;/strong&gt; this happen to India, during the group match against Bangladesh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;here is the link &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/engine/match/951353.html?innings=1;view=commentary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;of that match&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T12:56:27.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15613" CreationDate="2017-02-28T13:59:53.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starting from the basics: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18.1&lt;/a&gt; says that the batsmen have scored a run:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A run is scored [...] so often as the batsmen, at any time while the ball is in play, have crossed and made good their ground from end to end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 18.9 states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed [...] No other runs shall be credited to the batting side, except as follows. If a batsman is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) dismissed Run out, the batting side shall also score runs completed before the wicket was put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this circumstance, the batsmen completed one (and only one) run before the wicket was put down; therefore the batting team scores one run and the scores are equal. We now refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.5&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The result of a match shall be a Tie when the scores are equal at the conclusion of play, but only if the side batting last has completed its innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that you are referring to a limited overs match, the side batting last &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; completed its innings, and the scores are equal. Therefore the match is a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this were the final ball of a timed match, then the match would be a draw as the side batting last had not completed its innings (except in the case that the run out was the last wicket; then it would again be a tie).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-02-28T15:06:13.837" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T15:06:13.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15624" CreationDate="2017-02-28T14:11:42.127" Score="8" ViewCount="12719" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to time period between two world cup there should be 4 years gap but last world cup played in 1996 (Asia), so why is that happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T07:20:33.637" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T08:04:14.370" Title="Why Cricket world cup played in 1999 (England) instead of 2000?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15610" CreationDate="2017-02-28T16:38:03.013" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the 2003-2004 season, NHL teams usually wore their white jerseys at home and the colored jerseys on the road. Since 2003-2004, teams switched the two, and now wear colors at home and white on the road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there are the occasional exceptions to this. For example, if team A wants to introduce a third jersey at a home game, they may ask visiting team B to wear their colors. If team B then has another road game before returning home, they may ask team C, who they play next, to switch jerseys as well so that they only have to bring one set of jerseys (in this case, their &quot;home&quot; or colored jersey) with them on the plane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasoning is simple; if everyone follows the same rule, then teams on road trips only have to pack one type of jersey. (Which may not seem like much, but teams carry multiples of every players jersey in case of damage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if teams wear their colors at home, then the format for home games is always &quot;my teams colors versus white.&quot; When they wore white at home, the format was &quot;my teams white versus random color of visiting team.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12922" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T10:36:11.910" LastActivityDate="2017-03-01T10:36:11.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15622" CreationDate="2017-02-28T19:04:33.153" Score="3" ViewCount="569" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a theoretical question, but I am curious of the process. Let's say the owner of a major league ball club is driving around somewhere and sees a baseball game happening on the streets where a pitcher is throwing 250mph (yes I know not possible, but this is to exaggerate his skills). So obviously the owner is very intrigued and finds out the guy is just a regular guy who never played any organized baseball. Could that owner just sign him right there if he wanted to? Does he have to get drafted? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12923" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T11:45:35.680" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T08:32:02.230" Title="MLB - process of signing guy off of streets" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15621" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15639" CreationDate="2017-03-01T05:23:59.717" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question says it all, but to be more specific, I've scoured the internet for the specifics of the conditional pick traded from the Wild to the Coyotes in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/2016-17-nhl-trades/c-281003458&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hanzal-White trade&lt;/a&gt;. Neither team's news or transaction logs describe the conditions of this pick, and the many NHL trade trackers I've found simply call it a &quot;4th-round conditional pick in 2019&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;What levels must the Wild reach this season to advance the pick to earlier rounds?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But more generally, &lt;strong&gt;are the specifics of all NHL trades made public?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12902" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-03T14:06:42.787" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T21:46:50.620" Title="NHL Trades: Can one find the exact language of every trade?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15619" CreationDate="2017-03-01T11:44:10.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there are some &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/draftday/faq.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules about age and college attendance&lt;/a&gt;, if the player is not in any of those groups, any team can sign him (or her) as an undrafted free agent. It actually &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/11532374//&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;happens from time to time&lt;/a&gt;. The examples I found are players who were in the drafts, but never got picked. In fact, this is a very common entrance method; as those rules above show, players from outside an &quot;extended area&quot; of the US do not enter the MLB draft, but can be signed directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T08:32:02.230" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T08:32:02.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15665" CreationDate="2017-03-01T20:17:19.403" Score="10" ViewCount="2333" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do football referees do and where do they go during halftime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a protocol or are there particular rules they have to obey during that time, like restrictions who to communicate with? Is it common to prepare in some way for the second half and review the decisions made in the first half, or do they simply spend the time recovering? I'm mainly asking about the situation in high-profile games (e.g. Champions League).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11552" LastEditorUserId="11552" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T23:55:39.577" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T11:26:50.163" Title="What do football (soccer) referees do during halftime?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2017-03-02T04:48:22.553" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at the time of year these world cups took place the time between them are almost comparible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Cricket_World_Cup_finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1975 (7 June - 21 June) England&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1979 (9 June - 23 June) England&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1983 (9 June - 25 June) England&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1987 (8 October - 8 November) India, Pakistan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1992 (22 February - 25 March) Australia, NZ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1996 (14 February - 17 March) India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1999 (14 May - 20 June) England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Netherlands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2003 (9 February - 23 March) SA, Kenya, Zimbabwe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007 (13 March - 28 April) WI&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011 (19 February - 2 April) India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2015 (14 February - 29 March) Australia, NZ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen that the 1992 world cup was 4 years 3 months after the 1987 world cup. In Australia and NZ the best cricket weather is after the new year, so that is probablty why it appeared as 1992 and not late 1991. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly 4 years later Sri Lanka held the world cup in 1996. If this was readjusted, again leaving only 3 years for them to host, which could have been too short&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT ADDED:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thinking a bit more Sri Lanka's turn was correctly set at 1996 since it was held in February possibly for the same reasons as it was held in 1992 for Australia and NZ. They could have chosen October/November 1995 (as was the 1987 World Cup in India/Pakistan) but perhaps the weather was better in February 1996. Of course in western Europe mid year is the best time so May/June 1999 was logically the next time it would be held.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2003, 2011, 2015 World cups were in February but were correct and not offset by a year. The &quot;heads up&quot; of when these cups would start would give these hosts time to prepare and separate itself from the dates of the ICC Champions Trophies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;END EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the change was down, not to the 1999 world cup, but the 1992 world cup. They probably wanted it to be 1991 but that would have meant February 1991 and not late 1991, which could have had issues with both NZ and Australia having enough time to get ready for the world cup. This was the first world cup that featured colored clothing and day-night matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They probably always wanted to get back on the orginal 4 year pattern laid out by the original first 4 world cups. and in fact they kinda did with those 2 being only 2 months into the following year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other possible factors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another consideration was how close the ICC Trophy was to the World cup. It started out every 2 years, but later changed to every 4 years, ideally not the same year as the World cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Champions_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 (24 October - 1 November) Bangaldesh (ICC Knockout Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000 (3 October - 15 October) Kenya (ICC Knockout Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002 (12 September - 30 September) Sri Lanka (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004 (10 September - 25 September) England (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006 (7 October - 5 November) India (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2009 (23 September - 5 October) SA (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2013 (8 June - 23 June) England, Wales (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2017 (1 June - 18 June) England, Wales (ICC Champions Trophy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen, the first was in 1998, 2 years 6 months after the previous cricket world cup. The hosting of the 1999 world cup would have been determined by then (and the date) so having it every 2 yrs since would not have caused any clash. You can also see they adjusted in 2009 (3 yr gap) which was caused by concern over pakistan security hosting the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_ICC_Champions_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 trophy&lt;/a&gt;. After that it became every 4 years and would fall right in the middle of the world cup cycle, which worked out quite well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another consideration perhaps is down to the 5 other major global sporting events and their dates (Summer and Winter olympics, Rugby World cup, Football (Soccer) World cup, Commonwealth Games), all of which are in 4 year cycles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Summer Olympics (...1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winter Olympics (...1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rugby World cup (...1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Football World cup (...1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Commonwealth Games (...1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the Rugby world cup and Commonwealth games features almost the same nations as the cricket world cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see the &quot;even&quot; years are pretty jam packed so making it the &quot;odd&quot; makes sense, though they are the same years as the cricket world cup which could make planning harder so they don't happen at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember, all these tournaments take a lot of money to host and the TV rights, sponsor money and getting the people in are all important. Having the lesser sport of cricket not competing with the likes of the Summer Olympics would work in their favour. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorUserId="4851" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T08:14:05.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T08:14:05.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15535" CreationDate="2017-03-02T10:20:41.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not part of the field of &lt;strong&gt;play&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can't talk about a &quot;inside the goal&quot; rule.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;According &lt;em&gt;The Laws of the Game&lt;/em&gt;, the only rule about the goal frame is about its dimensions : 7.32 m by 2.44 m. There is no rule about the shape of the net (there is no rule about any net at all), so there is no rule about a certain goal surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hower, the definition you are quoting intends to define the field as a surface where only the 22 players and the referees can enter. No ball boys, no fans, no subsitutes even if goalie's water bottle and towel are tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/79/92/44/Laws.of.the.Game.2016.2017_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T10:20:41.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15535" CreationDate="2017-03-02T11:09:53.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The field of play does not include the goal nets, as defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_glossary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;laws of the game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 1.2 states &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The field of play must be rectangular&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is only possible if the area enclosed by the goal nets is excluded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And Law 1.12 states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No form of commercial advertising, whether real or virtual, is&#xA;  permitted on  the field of play, on the ground within the area&#xA;  enclosed by the goal nets or the technical area...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which strongly suggests that the goal nets are not part of the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would appear to be in contradiction with the glossary definition you quoted in the question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is reasonable to assume that the more detailed laws of the game have priority over a glossary, which gives a short and quick definition of various terms as an aid to understanding the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T11:09:53.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15628" CreationDate="2017-03-02T11:35:32.643" Score="0" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read that the cricket Law states that should a player wish to switch countries and play for another country, he must wait for 4 years. there are many examples too. Why is that so? why does the law restrict a person to wait for four years before he is eligible to play for some other country ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12920" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T12:17:47.890" Title="Why does a cricket player have to wait for four years before he can play for another country ?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15627" CreationDate="2017-03-02T12:17:47.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would you have? People jumping from one country to another on a whim?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The eligibility requirements often mean that players are qualified to play for more than one country (due to grandparents, etc) - would you have (e.g.) Kevin Pietersen playing for England in the first Test Match of a series, then playing for South Africa in the next Test?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the cycle between World Cups and the like, four years is a reasonable amount of time which means that a player has truly moved from one country to another, and isn't just playing for whichever flag of convenience will happen to pay them the most this week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T12:17:47.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15631" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-02T20:25:05.643" Score="-1" ViewCount="940" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball, when was the third strike on bunting put into effect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12933" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T20:27:37.667" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T20:36:24.807" Title="Baseball, when was the third strike rule put into effect when bunting?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15631" CreationDate="2017-03-02T20:36:24.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/rulechng.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; of MLB Rule Changes, bunts started counting as strikes in 1894.  A foul bunt that is not caught in flight is always counted as a strike, even if it is a third strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1894:&#xA;      Foul bunts were classified as strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T20:36:24.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15450" CreationDate="2017-03-02T22:03:44.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 points (1957): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/195712220sfo.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lions at 49ers&lt;/a&gt;, Lions trailed 27-7 in the divisional round but went on to win 31-27.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6117" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T22:03:44.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15091" CreationDate="2017-03-02T22:39:23.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While shooting is important, you want a stick that maximizes your potential in all aspects.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Consider: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;offense(stickhandling, passing and receiving, shooting, reach) AND&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;defense(poke check, stick lift, pass interception, reach) AND&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;faceoffs(if you are taking them).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, while flex is important, you want a stick that is optimal in all attributes.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Consider: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;length&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;lie&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;curve&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;flex/kick point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;grip&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;grade&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;brand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;weight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;material&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cost&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cross product of these many variables is indeed large. Budget and time both prohibit trying out every possible combination.&#xA;Nonetheless, you will do well to try a few sticks that are radically different from each other.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just stickhandling a hockey ball and testing the flex in the store doesn't cut it though. &#xA;You want to use one for a few games/practices/scrimmages and try to get used to it. If possible, borrow sticks from friends/teammates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no perfect twig: eventually you are going to want to get as comfortable as you can with the stick you have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond this, also keep in mind the same stick is going to perform differently depending on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your weight, height and strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your style of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your technique(in shooting, passing, skating, checking)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And OK! Here's some other things to consider if you are looking to snipe:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What position do you play/expect to play?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where on the ice are your shots/scoring chances coming from?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How comfortable/confident/skilled are you with technique for the&#xA;different types of shots(snap, slap, wrist, tip, backhand,&#xA;one-timer)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are shooting in stride, are you pulling the puck under/behind&#xA;you before releasing? Keeping it out in front of you? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All THOSE things are going to help you narrow down the best stick for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck and keep playing!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12912" LastEditorUserId="12912" LastEditDate="2017-03-03T14:40:23.100" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T14:40:23.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15621" CreationDate="2017-03-03T13:41:41.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are the details concerning that specific trade.  Typically, trades are made public and conditional picks information can be found somewhere.  Whether it is on Internet or not most likely depends on the importance of the pick.  For this case, here is what Bob McKenzie twitted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Conditional pick: If MIN wins one playoff round this year, it becomes 3rd round pick; if MIN wins two rounds, it becomes 2nd round pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every trade in the NHL must be made public.  Some specific details are not usually found though like &lt;strong&gt;how much salary the team will retain&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;and what the conditions are (how far the team goes in playoff usually)&lt;/strong&gt;.  But this is up to the NHL website to reveal those conditions or the team website itself.  This year, particularly, a lot of conditional picks were added to trades upon playoff performances.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T13:41:41.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15621" CreationDate="2017-03-03T21:46:50.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What levels must the Wild reach this season to advance the pick to earlier rounds? &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prosportstransactions.com/hockey/Search/SearchResults.php?Player=Hanzal&amp;amp;Team=Wild&amp;amp;BeginDate=&amp;amp;EndDate=&amp;amp;PlayerMovementChkBx=yes&amp;amp;submit=Search&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ProSportsTransactions.com&lt;/a&gt;, the Minnesota Wild relinquished, among other things, a &lt;em&gt;2019 conditional pick (second round if Wild advance to third round of 2017 playoffs and Hanzal plays in at least 50% of games, third round if Wild advance to second round of 2017 playoffs and Hanzal plays in at least 50% of games, else fourth round)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But more generally, are the specifics of all NHL trades made public?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I emailed Frank Marousek, the webmaster for ProSportsTransactions.com, asking where and how the NHL releases official trade information. The short answer to this question is &lt;strong&gt;No, the specifics of each official trade are not released to the general public&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From our correspondence: &lt;em&gt;There is a thing called the &quot;central registry&quot; where all the specifics are supposed to be kept. I don't have access to that. But it's usually out there if you dig deep enough. If it's not specified in the official release, a lot of time a local beat reporter will dig for it and report it. For example, the Hanzel trade conditions were eventually reported &lt;a href=&quot;http://arizonasports.com/story/1033848/coyotes-trade-martin-hanzal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Still, you'll see quite a few trades that have conditions where I have no better alternative than to say &quot;conditions are unconfirmed.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL does not require that the details of any trade be released publicly, but some reporters may be granted access to the central registry (the official NHL database) or obtain details in interviews with team employees. The details spread by word-of-mouth from then on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12902" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T21:46:50.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15640" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15642" CreationDate="2017-03-04T00:54:41.307" Score="2" ViewCount="814" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are runners on 1st and 3rd, 2 outs, and while a pitch is in progress, the runner on 1st attempts to steal 2nd. The catcher throws to 2nd, and the runner is caught in a pickle, eventually tagged out. During the pickle, the runner at 3rd steals and reaches home before the runner at 1st is declared out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the run scored count? Or does the 3rd out supersede the run scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12940" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-14T01:35:26.077" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T01:35:26.077" Title="2 players steal at the same time on 2 outs" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15640" CreationDate="2017-03-04T04:38:46.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the run scored count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the 3rd out supersede the run scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only way the 3rd out supersedes the run scored, in this case, is if the out took place before the run was scored. However, based on your scenario (ie, &quot;the runner at 3rd steals and reaches home before the runner at 1st is declared out&quot;), this isn't the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.08(a) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states (emphasis mine): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and&#xA;  touches first, second, third and home base &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; three men are put&#xA;  out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-03-04T15:34:40.790" LastActivityDate="2017-03-04T15:34:40.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15648" CreationDate="2017-03-04T13:25:22.460" Score="4" ViewCount="2339" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball hits a player's arm, which is in contact with the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player, in most cases, argues that it is not an offence as their arm was in direct contact with their body. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12942" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T06:15:23.170" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T06:15:23.170" Title="Is it an offence if the ball is handled when the arms are in contact with the body?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15646" CreationDate="2017-03-04T23:14:42.060" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no specific part of the Laws of the Game which mean that an arm in contact with the body is &lt;em&gt;necessarily&lt;/em&gt; exempt from being a handball. This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;HANDLING THE BALL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handling the ball involves a &lt;strong&gt;deliberate&lt;/strong&gt; act of a player making contact with the ball with the hand or arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following must be considered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an infringement&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [ ... some other bits which aren't relevant here ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). The point here is that it is &lt;em&gt;unlikely&lt;/em&gt; that an arm which is in contact with the body was &lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt; used to make contact with the ball - but not impossible. The referee must make a judgement is to whether the contact was deliberate or not, taking into account the points listed above, and then award a direct free kick (or penalty if appropriate) if they believe the contact was deliberate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-04T23:14:42.060" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15650" CreationDate="2017-03-05T12:38:04.197" Score="-3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;If second batting of second innings didn't reach the target with still wickets in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then it declare &lt;strong&gt;draw&lt;/strong&gt; instead of giving win to first batting team of second innings, why so ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in ODI, second batting of first innings didn't reach the target with still wickets in hand then win will be given to first batting team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12944" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T05:15:41.243" Title="Why Test Match ends with draw instead of either win or loss?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15649" CreationDate="2017-03-05T13:04:22.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because there's no restriction on how long the first team can bat. Imagine a ridiculously flat track where batting is very easy - the team winning the toss decides to bat, and bats for four days, scoring 1000 runs or so. The second team now begins their innings, and by the end of the fifth day has reached 300 without loss. Why should they be declared the loser?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Test Match cricket, or more generally timed cricket, involves a different set of skills from limited overs cricket - building pressure and taking wickets is paramount, run rate less so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-05T13:04:22.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7245" CreationDate="2017-03-05T19:07:01.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am predominantly a tournament racquetball player but I also love playing squash. Eye protection during racquetball tournaments is mandatory. That is, if you are not prepared to wear eye protection (closed lenses only) then you are NOT allowed to play in the tournament. It is quite sad that sanctioned squash tournaments do not legislate this as well. It bothers me that squash players (especially the elite to open to professional players) do not set the example for the youth by wearing eye protection. I have seen this almost all the time. I have also played in squash tournaments where young people have stated that they don't wear eye guards because the top players never wear them. The governing body needs to get involved and make eye protection mandatory for all players at all levels. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12946" LastActivityDate="2017-03-05T19:07:01.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-06T05:24:41.890" Score="3" ViewCount="882" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are so many T20 leagues played all over the World. Many T20 specialist Players like Chris Gayle, Darren Sammy, Russel, Thisara Perera, etc play almost many of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which player has a record of winning &lt;strong&gt;most&lt;/strong&gt; Trophies in T20 Leagues? (The Leagues I am interested about are IPL, BPL, BBL, MSS, PSL,Caribbean League)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T19:30:26.380" Title="Most Trophies won by a Player in T20 leagues" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15655" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15656" CreationDate="2017-03-06T06:27:36.750" Score="-2" ViewCount="427" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question is about the rules of blocking the ball in beach volleyball and its differences from indoor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any other block differences from indoor volleyball other than counting as one of three possible touches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12947" LastEditorUserId="12947" LastEditDate="2017-03-09T09:13:34.550" LastActivityDate="2017-03-09T23:09:53.233" Title="Does blocking in beach volleyball need to be harder than in indoor?" Tags="|volleyball|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15655" CreationDate="2017-03-06T08:53:48.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any more differences from indoor volleyball other than that its counted as one of three possible touches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. Other than the unavoidable differences due to the number of players (and the existence of the libero in indoor volleyball), Rule 14 &quot;Block&quot; is identical between the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;indoor&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB-BeachVolleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beach&lt;/a&gt; apart from 14.4.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Indoor)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.4.1 A block contact &lt;strong&gt;is not&lt;/strong&gt; counted as a team hit. Consequently, after  a block contact, a team is entitled to &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; hits to return the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Beach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.4.1 A blocking contact &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; counted as a team hit. The blocking team will have &lt;strong&gt;only two&lt;/strong&gt; more hits after a blocking contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis in both cases).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T08:53:48.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15658" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-06T21:46:56.433" Score="1" ViewCount="2334" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does this only happen when kids play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not seen this happen in adult leagues and when I play with friends nobody does this.  (We are adults).  But it happens at every game when my son plays (He is a kid).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12952" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T23:19:12.633" Title="How is it handled when two opposing players are gripping the basketball?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15702" CreationDate="2017-03-06T22:28:03.870" Score="4" ViewCount="7085" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard of how a 5-point play could be possible, but when I mentioned it people told me it's not possible -- and I can't remember how this would work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12952" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-14T09:07:42.323" LastActivityDate="2019-01-26T10:54:06.007" Title="What is a 5-point play in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15658" CreationDate="2017-03-06T23:19:12.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &amp;quot;held ball&amp;quot;; quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/documents/2015/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rules, 12.1.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A held ball occurs when one or more players from opposing teams have one or&#xA;both hands firmly on the ball so that neither player can gain control without undue roughness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This results in a jump ball situation (12.3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A jump ball situation occurs when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A held ball is called.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somewhat confusingly under FIBA rules, a jump ball &lt;em&gt;situation&lt;/em&gt; does not result in a jump ball, but instead teams alternating possession on a throw-in (12.5.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all jump ball situations teams will alternate possession of the ball for a throw-in at the place nearest to where the jump ball situation occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, it is also a held ball (Rule 4.VI) but does actually result in a jump ball (Rule 6.VI).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T23:19:12.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15646" CreationDate="2017-03-07T00:19:31.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15648/3526&quot;&gt;accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; is correct. The only decision the referee needs to make is whether the handling was deliberate - there is no exception to this if the hand / arm is on the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that probably should be emphasised more here is the point in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt; regarding distance to ball: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following must be considered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is kicked or otherwise changes direction close to a player and it hits their hand, as long as their hand/arm is in a reasonable position (e.g. not out above their head, or extended out sideways), it is unlikely to be a deliberate handling. Players don't run with their arms stuck to their body, so even if the arm is somewhat away from the body and the ball is struck from close by, it is still unlikely to be deliberate handling as emphasised by the following point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an infringement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If when a ball is stuck from close by or with speed, a player has made the additional effort to pull their arm in close to their body to avoid the ball making contact with it, and it still somehow makes contact, this further reduces the likelihood that that the handling is deliberate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the ball comes slowly or from far away (meaning the player has plenty of time avoid handling the ball) most referees will assume that because the player chose to let the ball hit their hand / arm, this is deliberate handling, even if their arm / hand is against their body. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another form of deliberate handling that should be called is when a player places their hand against their torso, and then throws their torso at the ball, ensuring the hand makes contact with the ball. In this case, the hand / arm is against the body, but is deliberately brought in contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;asktheref.com&lt;/a&gt; discussed cases of deliberate handling when the arm is against the body in great detail in questions &lt;a href=&quot;http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/30887/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;30887&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/28824/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;28824&lt;/a&gt;. Obviously a lot of their views are personal opinions, but it gives some good insight into how current and active referees handle (excuse the pun) these calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T00:19:31.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13625" CreationDate="2017-03-07T02:23:51.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For counting stats, like HRs, if you lead the league, you lead the league, regardless of the number of games that you play, but only the HRs you hit in the NL count toward that award.  For cumulative stats, like batting average, whatever number of ABs you are short to qualify are added to your total ABs for that league and if you still lead the league, you win the title.  This happened to Willie McGee one year, when he was traded from the Cardinals late in the season to the As.  It takes 3.1 ABs (actually PAs) per game to qualify or 502 per season.  Let's say Willie had 460 PA for the Cards and was hitting .360.  If you added 42 PAs to his total and he still leads the league with a .331 avg., he  gets the award.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12954" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T02:23:51.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-03-07T02:53:51.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fernando Tatis of the St. Louis Cardinals hit two Grand Slams in one inning against the Arizona Diamondbacks.  It was even against the same pitcher, IIRC.  I don't think that has ever been done before or since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12954" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T02:53:51.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15623" CreationDate="2017-03-07T06:10:53.673" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; on this. Specific competition rules and refereeing policies may dictate restrictions on the refereeing team. Obviously, at all levels of the game, nothing should be done that results in any perceived bias - e.g. inviting the manager from only one team into the referee's dressing room, holding private discussions with one team only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At most levels of the game, time permitting, the refereeing team will return to their dressing room, rehydrate, and rest. They will discuss any decisions and provide each other with feedback on performance. Also they may consult with any stadium officials about issues that need ongoing management such as spectators or the condition of the field. They may also receive advice on substitutions any managers wish to make at the start of the second half, and inspect the equipment of these substitutes outside the dressing rooms, to save having to do it when everyone is back out on the field. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz632rmJh0k&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Les Arbitres&lt;/a&gt;, a documentary from Euro 2008 contains a number of scenes showing the typical halftime activities of top-flight referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware, at the elite levels of the game, decisions are regularly discussed, but video footage is not used. Knowing that a match-changing call was definitely wrong could have a crippling effect on performance for the rest of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For novice referees, referee assessors may speak to the refereeing team at half time about minor adjustments to things such as signalling and positioning. Discussions about decisions are generally left until the end of the match to prevent putting new referees off their game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T06:10:53.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15669" CreationDate="2017-03-07T14:38:43.717" Score="3" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;E.g. can a person without a hand technically participate 100-metre dash? Was there any precedents(in any sport)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;NB&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: I don't ask about the moral side of the question and don't want to change the judging system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12956" LastEditorUserId="12956" LastEditDate="2017-03-08T14:16:05.510" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T14:16:05.510" Title="Can physically disabled people participate in the Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15668" CreationDate="2017-03-07T14:48:54.810" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Pistorius&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oscar Pistorius&lt;/a&gt; is by far the most famous example, competing in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's 400m at the 2012 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;. Other examples are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Partyka&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Natalia Partyka&lt;/a&gt; who competed in the women's table tennis at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; Summer Olympics, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_du_Toit&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Natalie du Toit&lt;/a&gt; who competed in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_marathon_10_kilometre&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's 10 km swimming race at the 2008 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T14:48:54.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15672" CreationDate="2017-03-07T19:23:34.170" Score="-3" ViewCount="633" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kevin Durant switched from the Oklahoma City Thunder to the Golden State Warriors for the 2016-17 NBA season. I was wondering why he moved and would really like to know more about it. Why couldn't he just stay on the Thunder?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12958" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T19:39:21.890" LastActivityDate="2017-06-05T02:44:12.540" Title="Why did Kevin Durant switch to the Golden State Warriors?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15670" CreationDate="2017-03-07T19:30:02.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All we can really tell you here is what Durant himself said about the move. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.co.uk/nba/story/_/id/16759826/kevin-durant-announces-sign-golden-state-warriors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, Durant said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The primary mandate I had for myself in making this decision was to have it based on the potential for my growth as a player - as that has always steered me in the right direction, but I am also at a point in my life where it is of equal importance to find an opportunity that encourages my evolution as a man: moving out of my comfort zone to a new city and community which offers the greatest potential for my contribution and personal growth. With this in mind, I have decided that I am going to join the Golden State Warriors.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading between the lines, I would interpret &quot;my growth as a player&quot; as &quot;chance to win a championship&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T19:30:02.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18043" CreationDate="2017-03-08T15:28:31.920" Score="3" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;When car crashes occur in Formula 1, cars suffer obvious damage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any economic &quot;fines&quot; to pilots who are recognized to be the cause of accidents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="13969" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T18:55:39.733" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T09:37:25.013" Title="F1: economic damage because of crashes?" Tags="|finances|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-08T15:43:43.390" Score="4" ViewCount="3345" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/indian-wells/404/draws&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/current/indian-wells/404/draws&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;32 in the first round are listed as &quot;Bye&quot; (not counting lucky losers). Is this normal or something happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/category/withdrawals-and-retirements/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/category/withdrawals-and-retirements/&lt;/a&gt; but it doesn't seem to explain such a number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- I'm just starting to look at tennis tournaments so my questions might be naive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12848" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T03:23:41.153" Title="Why so many &quot;bye&quot; in ATP Indian Wells?" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15678" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-08T22:16:03.517" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;Barcelona managed to beat PSG 6-1 in the second leg of 2017 round of 16 to win 6-5 on aggregate, having lost 4-0 in the first leg. Inspired by Barcelona' win, what are the biggest comebacks in champions league history after a loss in the 1st leg of knockout stage match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T22:16:03.517" Title="Champions League biggest comebacks after 1st leg" Tags="|football|trivia|history|champions-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-03-09T05:49:31.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15677" CreationDate="2017-03-08T23:23:20.727" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's simple math, really. Tournament draws like the one you linked to in your question must have a total number of slots that are a power/exponent of 2. So numbers like 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, etc. The total number of players included in the draw however, can be any number. If you look above the draw bracket you'll see this year Indian Wells has 96 singles players and 32 doubles teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to accommodate 96 singles players, you have to have at least 96 places in the draw - but the number still has to be a power of 2 - so you get a draw with 128 places in it (because 64 isn't enough). But with a draw size of 128 and only 96 players, you have a ragged number of first-round matchups. How do you resolve this issue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeds and Byes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take that 128 (draw size) and subtract 96 (singles players) to get the number of seeds you need to apply. Each seed gets a first-round bye. After 32 first round matches that will leave exactly 64 players left (32 seeds + 32 first round winners) - so both first and second rounds will be comprised of 32 matches. The seeds are also used to determine how to distribute the players evenly into the draw spaces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional tennis also does this with smaller tournaments (Indian Wells is a large tournament, almost the size of a major).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say you have a draw size of 32 with 24 players entered. No problem. Apply seedings to the top 8 highest ranked players in the draw and give them a bye into the second round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not every tournament gives seeded players a bye, though. Some tournaments might have, say, a draw size of 64 with 56 players. In cases like this, they sometimes seed 16 players, but give only the top 8 seeds a bye. They would still seed an additional 8 players (for a total of 16) in order to somewhat-evenly distribute them throughout the draw, so that they don't end up with a first-round match between two highly seeded players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-03-09T04:00:29.880" LastActivityDate="2017-03-09T04:00:29.880" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15680" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-09T15:13:35.867" Score="6" ViewCount="4003" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do players sometimes run after the ball after they score a goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12977" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-12T04:55:58.443" LastActivityDate="2024-02-03T01:34:43.660" Title="Why do the players take the ball in hand after they score a goal?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15680" CreationDate="2017-03-09T15:57:47.430" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are mainly two reasons why players go for the ball right after scoring a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most common reason is to speed up play and it is employed by teams that are still trailing or have just drawn level following the goal, with the game in its final minutes. The opponent players will show little haste in returning the ball to the centre for a kick-off, thus slowing down the game and preventing a loss or draw, as the case may be. The goalscorer, usually being closest to the ball, grabs the ball and returns it to the centre promptly so that their team can have another chance at scoring a goal in the limited time available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Players sometimes use the ball as a prop in their celebrations. The most popular variant of a celebration involving the ball is tucking it under their shirt usually to signify the pregnancy of a loved one. &lt;a href=&quot;http://metro.co.uk/2012/06/03/lionel-messi-hints-at-girlfriends-pregnancy-with-argentina-goal-celebration-459148/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi did it after scoring for Argentina against Ecuador&lt;/a&gt; and there are countless other examples of players doing it for this reason.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-03-10T05:59:19.297" LastActivityDate="2017-03-10T05:59:19.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15682" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-09T19:36:24.707" Score="1" ViewCount="2512" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the opening tipoff to start the game, can they only stand on the opposite side of the halfcourt line? And for the other tipoffs I feel like the players on each team always stand in the same place (right?) -- are there rules that force them to do that? Or could they stand wherever they want?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12978" LastActivityDate="2021-04-17T19:54:31.710" Title="What are the rules of jump balls / tipoffs in basketball (nba, or others) about where the players on each team can stand?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15682" CreationDate="2017-03-09T22:29:43.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/documents/2015/Official_Basketball_Rules_2014_Y.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt; state (Article 12.2.2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Team-mates may not occupy adjacent positions around the circle if an opponent&#xA;  wishes to occupy one of those positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt; say essential the same thing, although in a little more detail (Rule 6, VII):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g. The eight non-jumpers will remain outside the restraining circle until the ball has been tapped. Teammates may not occupy adjacent positions around the restraining circle if an opponent desires one of the positions. No player may position himself immediately behind an opponent on the restraining circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;h. Player position on the restraining circle is determined by the direction of a player’s basket. The player whose basket is nearest shall have first choice of position, with positions being alternated thereafter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-09T22:29:43.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15687" CreationDate="2017-03-11T03:47:34.693" Score="6" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australian captain &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Smith_(cricketer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steven Smith&lt;/a&gt; was recently embroiled in controversy after looking towards the dressing room while deciding whether to call for review of his LBW decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gather the rules state that the batsman may only consult with other players on the field, and not with the umpires or his team on the sideline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do the rules forbid the batsman consulting with his team on the sideline? What is the problem that this rule is trying to avoid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12983" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:58:04.210" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:58:04.210" Title="Why is a batsman not permitted to consult with team on DRS?" Tags="|cricket|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15686" CreationDate="2017-03-11T07:32:52.743" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Umpire Decision Review System (or DRS) is designed so that teams can review decisions that they feel the umpire may have got wrong. However, there is a catch, in that the team that asks for a review loses the review if the umpire decision stands. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a test match, each team gets 2 reviews per innings for the first 80 overs, and should they exhaust one or both of them, their quota of 2 reviews is replenished. By providing a limited number of reviews, which are lost when unsuccessful, the teams are forced to judiciously use their reviews.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player had a way to know every single time if an umpire's decision is correct or not, would that not be unfair to the other team? Unlike the players on the field, the players and support staff in the dressing room have access to TV replays, which often show Hawk Eye predictions for leg-before dismissals. A batsman can be given a signal from the dressing room, where TV replays are easily available, on whether he should review his decision or not and this would make it easier for the batting team to get the review correct each time. This way, the risk associated with the use of reviews is lost and players can always look to the dressing room to review successfully each time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-03-11T07:32:52.743" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15689" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-11T22:56:22.530" Score="3" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL teams can cut or trade players they're no longer interested in. However, if the player is under a guaranteed contract, the team may have to pay him for as many years as his contract is valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a recent move, the Houston Texans traded Brock Osweiler to the Cleveland Browns and gave up a 2nd round 2018 draft pick. This is unusual since instead of gaining a draft pick or another player in return the Texans gave up a draft pick. They essentially gave the Browns their draft pick so that they could get rid of Osweiler (and make salary space to pursue Tony Romo). Has this happened before that a team was willing to gave up a draft pick purely to get out paying a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-03-13T18:23:26.210" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T18:23:26.210" Title="NFL team &quot;getting rid&quot; of a player" Tags="|american-football|history|nfl|strategy|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15690" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-03-11T22:58:05.103" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions discussing an athlete's contract with his/her team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-12T07:32:32.670" LastActivityDate="2017-03-12T07:32:32.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15691" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-03-11T22:58:05.103" Score="0" Body="For questions discussing an athlete's contract with his/her team." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-12T07:32:10.033" LastActivityDate="2017-03-12T07:32:10.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15692" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-11T23:10:09.783" Score="6" ViewCount="4746" Body="&lt;p&gt;In week 28 of 2016-17 Premier league, Bournemouth missed 2 penalty kicks against West Ham and still managed to win the game. It had been a long time since I had seen that happen - excluding penalty kicks to decide a game in the knockout stage of a championship. I'm wondering, &lt;strong&gt;what's the most penalty shots missed by a team in one game?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To keep things simple, please restrict responses to only the top European leagues, the UEFA Champions League, and international games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-12T04:54:01.450" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T19:27:57.280" Title="What is the most penalty kicks missed by a football team in one game?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15693" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-03-11T23:13:34.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions regarding the rules or extra information about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;penalty shots/kicks&lt;/a&gt; in sports such as association football, hockey, rugby etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it asks about offences punishable with a penalty shot, its procedures, statistics, history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T08:03:34.080" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T08:03:34.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15694" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-03-11T23:13:34.067" Score="0" Body="For questions regarding the rules or extra information about penalty kicks (penalty shots) in sports such as association football, hockey, rugby etc." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T08:03:34.080" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T08:03:34.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15689" CreationDate="2017-03-12T08:32:19.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not allowed for an NFL team to simply &quot;give up&quot; a player; the formal language in the CBA is that a trade may not be for &quot;nominal considerations&quot; - a team cannot simply give Player X and a draft pick to another team and receive nothing in return, or even receive a lower draft pick in return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question now is what makes the Osweiler trade legal? The answer is that the Texans are giving a 2018 draft pick, and receiving a 2017 draft pick in return. Future draft picks have a lower value than current draft picks as they don't add any value for the team until a future year, so the Browns and Texans can argue they both &quot;win&quot; from this trade. However, there are suggestions that the NFL and NFLPA may look at tightening the rules around this sort of trade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-12T15:08:00.090" LastActivityDate="2017-03-12T15:08:00.090" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15692" CreationDate="2017-03-13T11:45:13.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if it's the team record, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Palermo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martin Palermo&lt;/a&gt; (in)famously missed three penalties for Argentina in a Copa America game against Colombia in 1999.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53475jUreDU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; of the incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's detailed information for penalty shootouts at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/penalties.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rsssf.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12992" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T19:27:57.280" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T19:27:57.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15692" CreationDate="2017-03-13T17:16:45.167" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's another interesting one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1989, referee Kelvin Morton awarded five penalties in a Crystal&#xA;  Palace v Brighton game, a Football League record. Palace were awarded&#xA;  four of the penalties, missed three but still won 2-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M23_derby#1980s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source from Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfdyE7b5bfQ&amp;amp;t=1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube link&lt;/a&gt; of match highlights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: a tricky google search like &lt;em&gt;missed 4 penalties&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;missed 5 penalties&lt;/em&gt; doesn't give relevant results, so I start to believe that 3 missed penalties by a team during a single game are indeed the most in the professional football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-03-13T20:16:29.930" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T20:16:29.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15659" CreationDate="2017-03-13T19:42:31.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can remember 2 in recent history and they were both pretty strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Nuggets vs Clippers&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;March 17, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Paul (Clippers) fouled Ty Lawson (Nuggets) while shooting a 3.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lawson made the 3.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paul received a tech (probably for cursing at the referee for the foul call).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;End result: 3 pointer, 2 free throws&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aglwmgENwwM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aglwmgENwwM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Jazz vs Mavericks&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;March 24, 2013&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shawn Marion (Mavs) fouled by Derrick Favors (Jazz) while shooting a 2. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Enes Kanter (Jazz) blocks the shot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Referee rules that Kanter touched the net (goaltending)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blocked shot counts as 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kanter given a tech for interference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tyrone Corbin (Jazz coach) is given a tech when the play is explained to him (probably more cursing).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;End result: Goaltending (2 points), 3 free throws&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865576634/Utah-Jazz-notebook-Jazz-puzzled-by-rare-5-point-play-in-5-point-loss-to-Mavericks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865576634/Utah-Jazz-notebook-Jazz-puzzled-by-rare-5-point-play-in-5-point-loss-to-Mavericks.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="183" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T19:42:31.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-14T10:46:33.877" Score="2" ViewCount="1532" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.curling.ca/scoreboard/#!/competitions/2254/games/a670d15d-f60f-a08a-2da0-a6689d398b92&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoreboard for the gold medal final for 2017 Tim Hortons Brier&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to see the percentage (PCT) for each curler for this match.&#xA;This percentage coming from every single shot, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is it possible to determine this percentage in an objective way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-03-14T18:04:51.077" LastActivityDate="2017-03-14T18:04:51.077" Title="How are curling percentage determined by each shot?" Tags="|statistics|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15704" CreationDate="2017-03-14T15:06:29.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stones are given points (normally between 0 and 4) depending on how close to the task (as the judges see it) the stone is. This often does not include secondary tasks that the team my set up for a stone, if it is not perfect. So while in theory a game should have the same score independent on who runs the scoring, there are quite a few &quot;grey areas&quot; (eg how good is a guard, should it have 2 of 3 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a system of bonus points, but I don't know exactly how these are calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Divide the total points with 4 times the number of stones, and you have a percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastActivityDate="2017-03-14T15:06:29.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15710" CreationDate="2017-03-14T20:59:53.327" Score="9" ViewCount="15036" Body="&lt;p&gt;In (at least) North America it's a tradition to induct the very best players of a league who have not been playing for a certain amount of years. All major leagues in North America: NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL practice this tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost all of the athletes who make it to the Hall of Fame have long careers. Furthermore, most these athletes retire either because of injuries and health reasons, or because they pass their prime and are no longer as effective as they used to be. In both these cases, it is improbable for these players to come out of retirement after the minimum inactive period required by their respective league to become eligible for Hall of Fame. This makes it even harder for a Hall of Famer to make a comeback, and frankly I can't think of any player who has done this in recent years. The only players who I think could possibly do this (but don't believe they'll do) are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Pronger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris Pronger&lt;/a&gt;, and maybe &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Favre&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brett Favre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a player who's been inducted to the Hall of Fame come out of retirement and start playing in that league again? I personally don't see why the leagues would have problem with this, but if it happens what is the policy of the leagues cited above regarding this situation. Will the athlete's Hall of Fame status be suspended for the time he continues to play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T17:51:15.960" LastActivityDate="2022-08-28T07:18:28.687" Title="Can a Hall of Fame player come out of retirement and play again" Tags="|major-leagues|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15708" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-03-14T21:02:42.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding a Hall of Fame, an association of the elite players and officials in a sport or competition that recognises their achievement and contribution, where membership is gained through election by peers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag includes questions about processes for induction and information about inducted players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions may be general to many Halls or specific to the Hall for a single sport. Questions must also be tagged for any specific sports or competitions they ask about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-03-17T08:53:12.710" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T08:53:12.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15709" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-03-14T21:02:42.383" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding a Hall of Fame, including processes for induction and information about inducted players. Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport or competition." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-03-17T08:53:27.703" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T08:53:27.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15707" CreationDate="2017-03-14T21:18:47.793" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Three NHL players have done this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Geordie Howe&lt;/a&gt;: inducted 1972, last played in the NHL in the 1979-80 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Lafleur&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Guy Lafleur&lt;/a&gt;: inducted 1988, last played in the NHL in the 1990-91 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Lemieux&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mario Lemieux&lt;/a&gt;: inducted 1997, last played in the NHL in the 2005-06 season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of your question, it's worth noting that both Howe and Lemieux were inducted into the Hall of Fame without waiting the normal 3 year period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;Hall of Fame status&quot;, that doesn't mean anything in terms of actually playing the game, so the question as to whether it would be &quot;suspended&quot; or not isn't really relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-14T21:18:47.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15719" CreationDate="2017-03-15T12:49:50.647" Score="5" ViewCount="6416" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched much of Google, but sites mostly talk about other types of serves, and the underhand serve only gets a couple of quick lines. Even when they do talk more about the underhand serve, they don't indicate which part of the hand it is best to hit the ball with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13001" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T18:59:43.037" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T20:44:25.877" Title="In volleyball, which part of the hand should you hit the ball with in an underhand serve?" Tags="|technique|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13922" CreationDate="2017-03-15T22:22:27.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they do. All major sports give the winning team their own replica of the champion's trophy. There's a picture of a former Oilers (Ranford?) goalie with his 2 replicas. Their about 2 feet tall, with the team's player's names engraved on it, as is the coaches and owner. &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HIbNY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;picture of the replicas and other trophies won by Ranford&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13003" LastEditorUserId="13003" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T22:33:22.723" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T22:33:22.723" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15717" CreationDate="2017-03-16T03:21:47.383" Score="2" ViewCount="1895" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say Player A goes up for a layup and gets fouled while he's driving. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, once the foul has been called Defender B goes up to Player A and fouls him again (hard, so no mistake that it's a foul) and Player A misses the shot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can both the fouls be called or will there be a technical violation or something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13006" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-03-17T04:43:26.930" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T04:43:26.930" Title="What happens when a player is fouled hard while they are going for an and one?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15716" CreationDate="2017-03-16T14:22:07.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be considered dead ball contact and would result in a technical foul( or a flagrant foul if it was violent contact). Player A would get 2 free throws (1 if he made the layup) and then another 2 free throws for the dead ball foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://videorulebook.nba.com/archive/technical-foul-dead-ball-contact-345/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Video Rulebook on dead ball contact.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T14:22:07.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15716" CreationDate="2017-03-16T19:00:42.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to be clear, you cannot &quot;go for an and one&quot;.  And one means you're getting the continuation, which is where you are in the middle of a shot, fouled, but the ball went into the basked in that shot you were in the middle of. At least in theory, if you're changing your action after the foul, it's not a continuation so it isn't an &quot;and one&quot; situation.  (In practice that may not always be the case, of course.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if a second player fouls you &lt;em&gt;while&lt;/em&gt; you're doing that, odds are it's not a dead ball foul, but simply a foul, and you'll get one foul called (whichever they notice first or is worse) and one shot/pair of shots. That's assuming the second fouler initiated their play before the whistle (not &lt;em&gt;making&lt;/em&gt; contact before the whistle, but starting the action that leads to the contact - jumping up, running full speed, whatever). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player would have to initiate contact after the whistle (and probably a bit after the whistle, given reaction time) in order for it to count as a dead ball foul and get the technical free throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T19:00:42.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15713" CreationDate="2017-03-16T20:00:33.063" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To start by stating the obvious: as soon as you've played a small amount of volleyball, you really want to be learning how to do an overarm serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, an underhand serve is typically performed with the fist, specifically with the fingers where you've curled them into the palm. The only other thing to note is that you must throw the ball up in the air before hitting it; you cannot use your other hand as a &quot;tee&quot; to hit the ball off. This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 12.4.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being&#xA;  tossed or released from the hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T20:00:33.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15716" CreationDate="2017-03-16T21:36:01.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;And 1's are only called on continuations / being in the act of shooting. Otherwise it's a dead ball non-shooting foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge, you can't be called for &quot;multiple regular fouls&quot; on the same play.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be called for a flagrant on the original foul if you use excessive or unnecessary contact, OR if you late-hit them, which would usually result in a technical foul.&#xA;Or there are other situational fouls where someone's shot would count even if the foul was committed off-ball on a different teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T21:36:01.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-17T00:39:25.430" Score="0" ViewCount="9324" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume that once a golfer reaches a certain age he automatically qualifies for the Senior's Tour. Yet I've seen Tom Watson participate in both. By doing that he's taking the place of someone who more likely needs the experience of the PGA Tour, more so than him. Why is this allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13004" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T17:06:33.397" Title="Why are golfers allowed to participate in both the Senior's and regular PGA tournaments?" Tags="|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-17T17:47:19.467" Score="2" ViewCount="1054" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired a bit by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15716/what-happens-when-a-player-is-fouled-hard-while-they-are-going-for-an-and-one&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scenario:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player is fouled by a defender while in the act of shooting, and puts up a shot.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another defender sees the shot being taken, and has a path to block the shot on its upward trajectory.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As he goes to block it, another offensive player steps late into the path of the defender, illegally impeding him.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would the result be?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming a player is legally allowed to block a shot after a whistle (when continuation is given... or also after the horn to end a quarter) since the shot is still live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm also under the belief that typically an offensive player illegally impeding a defender's block would be a loose ball foul if the shot has already been released (an offensive foul before the ball is shot)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the result be akin to a typical double foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:24.623" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T02:28:37.137" Title="In basketball, what would be the result of a foul on the shooter and then a foul on the player attempting to block the shot?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15713" CreationDate="2017-03-17T20:18:45.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have basically seen three different techniques:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The palm of the open hand. Here you just try to hit the ball with your open hand slightly bent to make contact from the fingers to the root of your thumb. The main contact point should be the part of the palm where the fingers start.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The clenched fist. In that case, clench your hand into a fist such that the second phalanges of your fingers form a somewhat level platform with the root of the thumb. Use this platform to contact the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The thumb-side hand edge. This is a bit of an exotic one, but I have seen that as well, especially with older players. For this technique, hold your fingers straight and then lay and slightly press your thumb to the edge of your palm such that it is parallel to your index finger and forms a narrow platform there to hit the ball. When hitting, hold your hand in a way that the so formed platform points forward while the open palm faces towards your body.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the techniques that I know of. I'm with Philip Kendall when he says that you might want to learn doing an overhand serve, but I also know many people who never learnt that or went back to the underhand server due to shoulder problems for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10216" LastEditorUserId="10216" LastEditDate="2017-03-20T20:44:25.877" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T20:44:25.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15728" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17583" CreationDate="2017-03-18T10:41:14.767" Score="1" ViewCount="479" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a follow-up question to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15177/&quot;&gt;this earlier question on instances where the fielding team did not appeal for a wicket.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any recorded instances where the batsman chose to walk, after realising that they have nicked the ball, without any appeal from the fielding side? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would of course constitute exemplary sportsmanship, and the chances of such an instance would be extremely low in the modern era where the game has become increasingly competitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of this question, all international formats of the game, first class and upper levels of domestic cricket can be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T10:38:35.973" Title="Are there instances of batsmen walking despite a lack of appeal from the fielding side?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16999" CreationDate="2017-03-18T12:38:26.040" Score="13" ViewCount="10930" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's generally accepted that if a shot was on target but then deflected from another team's player and went in, then the goal is not considered as an own goal. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Generally accepted&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, because there are no official rules regulating these scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about Sergio Ramos's 2nd goal in Napoli vs Real Madrid, Round of 16, 2nd leg, 2016/17 Champions League game (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/jwWOztR97D8?t=2m19s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europe video&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/soccer/video/892243011847&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;US video&lt;/a&gt;)? This goal was accounted by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000784/match=2019624/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt; as Dris Mertens's own goal, although the shot was clearly on target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only guess I have is that as this shot was directed towards the goalkeeper Pepe Reina, the guys who define the authorship of the goals decided that if there hasn't been a deflection, Reina would have easily caught the ball. So, why this goal is counted as an own goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T13:06:51.867" LastActivityDate="2021-12-06T17:28:25.897" Title="Shot on target with deflection - a goal or an own goal" Tags="|football|statistics|own-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15728" CreationDate="2017-03-18T12:53:21.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most famous (relatively) recent incident of this was in the Australia vs Sri Lanka semifinal of the 2003 World Cup, where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/greatest-100-moments/122/gilchrist-walks-in-03&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adam Gilchrist walked, despite being given as not out by the umpire&lt;/a&gt;. That's potentially a slightly different situation in the modern day and age of DRS when the Sri Lankans would have had the option to review the decision, but still definitely stands as an example of good sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-18T12:53:21.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15742" CreationDate="2017-03-20T20:48:26.167" Score="3" ViewCount="34510" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand football and some of its basic stats, and I'm not clear on the difference between these three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rushing yards:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A statistic in football that records the total number of yards gained by a single player as the result of a rushing play (or plays), in which the player carries the football (as opposed to receiving a pass).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Passing yards:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A statistic that measures the amount of yards gained by an offensive team on completed passes. Passing yards are measured for a given completion as the number of yards from the original line of scrimmage and the point that the player was tackled, forced out of bounds, or entered the end zone for a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Receiving yards:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a statistic used in football defined as the number of yards gained by a receiver on a passing play. Included in the calculation of this statistic is the distance the ball was passed and any additional yardage the player gained after the reception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a rushing play? How does a player get a ball &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; than by having it passed to them, excluding interceptions? If the ball always starts in a QB's hands, how can it possibly end up in anyone else's other than by a pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honestly all three of these sound like &quot;yards gained in a play by passing the ball to someone and having them run with it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that despite the phrasing in these definitions, these stats can apply to single players or to teams as a whole, but even so I don't see the distinction between them. They all seem to measure yards gained by a player who received the ball and ran with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3367" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-04T05:09:32.590" LastActivityDate="2023-11-08T21:53:30.633" Title="Rushing yards vs passing yards vs receiving yards?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2017-03-20T21:35:46.360" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is just a bad definition of &quot;passing yards&quot; - as can be seen from (for example) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/boxscore?gameId=400874608&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this boxscore&lt;/a&gt;, passing yards are most definitely counted for individual players (Flacco and Mallett for the Ravens in this case), rather than just for the team as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you've noted, finding a formal definition of this is a bit tricky. The best I can do at the moment is the &quot;Passing &amp;amp; Sacks (Offensive)&quot; section of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Guide for Statisticians&lt;/a&gt;; this has multiple references to &quot;the passer&quot; being credited for pass attempts, rather than &quot;the team&quot; or any other language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other half of your question is somewhat easier to answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How does a player get a ball other than by having it passed to them, excluding interceptions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, a pass refers solely to a &lt;em&gt;forward&lt;/em&gt; pass (with all the restrictions that go with that - most notably, it must be from behind the line of scrimmage). Handoffs, backward passes (including laterals) and the snap from the center are not counted as a pass. One very important difference here is what happens if the ball is not caught cleanly by the recipient - on a forward pass, it is an incomplete pass and the play is dead, but on a handoff, backward pass or snap, the ball is live and can be recovered by either side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T21:35:46.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15746" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-21T11:55:20.753" Score="8" ViewCount="823" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1982 Franco Baresi took part of the Italian national team, but he had 0 appearances in that World Cup. Is he officially a World Cup winner? In some of his interviews he said &quot;I only lost the World Cup in my career&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13041" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T13:43:34.367" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T07:43:35.967" Title="Is Franco Baresi a World Cup winner?" Tags="|football|world-cup|awards|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-21T12:13:31.590" Score="6" ViewCount="5972" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player pulls out of a match (eg. due to injury), do they still get the prize money and points for it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So say, player A has qualified for the australian open which has a prize money of 50k and 10points for a first round loser (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisguru.net/2017/01/australian-open-2017-prize-money-breakdown-ranking-points/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.tennisguru.net/2017/01/australian-open-2017-prize-money-breakdown-ranking-points/&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if he pulls out before the match, I assume he doesn't get the money and the guy replacing him would get it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what would if he limps onto the court and plays one point and retires, would he pocket 50k for doing that or would he need to play up to a certain point (eg. similar to some betting agencies, which will only honour as having played if the match lasted beyond the first set)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about if this is not the first round but after the tournament has progressed and therefore there is no one to replace him. Would he still get the prize money and points even if he retires? So say, the player wins the 3rd round then pulls out of the tournament, would he get the same prize money and points as someone losing in the 4th round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-21T12:40:41.190" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T05:09:22.627" Title="At what point does a player earn his prize money and points for getting to a certain stage in a tournament?" Tags="|tennis|finances|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15746" CreationDate="2017-03-21T14:09:55.393" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course he is an official World Cup winner as he was in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/spain1982/teams/team=43954/players.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official 22-man call up of Italian national football team for 1982 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. You can also see that he holds the World Cup award from his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174375/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;profile at FIFA.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides that it's a very popular public misconception that if you didn't play a game in the tournament you don't get the title, which is both technically and, I think, logically wrong, as these players deserved to be called up to the squad because they were best from their countries and also they were training along the other players during the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-03-21T14:25:21.660" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T14:25:21.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15746" CreationDate="2017-03-21T14:15:03.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Officially&lt;/em&gt;, yes he is - you can see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174375/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his page on FIFA's official site&lt;/a&gt; which lists the 1982 World Cup as an award. It's understandable though that he wouldn't consider himself a World Cup winner as he didn't play a match in the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T14:15:03.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15751" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15753" CreationDate="2017-03-21T15:48:37.703" Score="2" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where does the term 'English' come from, with regards to an athlete applying a spin to a ball?  I've heard it mainly in billiards and basketball, but elsewhere too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried looking this up on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#english&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. It does not give the story of the origin of the term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-26T21:34:06.023" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T21:34:06.023" Title="How did the term 'English' originate? (spin on a ball)" Tags="|terminology|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15985" CreationDate="2017-03-21T15:56:56.873" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering round-robin play, where each team play another in its bracket once:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would the following three-way tie be resolved:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pool X&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Team A 2-1&#xA;Team B 2-1&#xA;Team C 2-1&#xA;Team D 0-3&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this scenario, each of the teams with 2 wins beat Team D once, and beat one of the other two teams.  For the sake of argument, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Team A beat Team B&#xA;Team B beat Team C&#xA;Team C beat Team A&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:33:43.137" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T05:27:27.790" Title="World Baseball Classic: Pool with three-way tie" Tags="|tie-breaker|postseason|world-baseball-classic|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15751" CreationDate="2017-03-21T15:58:07.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/38397/why-is-putting-some-spin-on-a-ball-described-in-some-circles-as-giving-it-some&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; the story goes that an enterprising gentleman from these shores travelled to the United States during the latter part of the last century and impressed the Americans with a demonstration of the effect of ‘side’ on pool or billiard balls. His name was English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:11.777" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T15:58:07.767" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15747" CreationDate="2017-03-21T20:46:35.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question contained several questions so I'll break them down and answer them one at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now if he pulls out before the match, I assume he doesn't get the&#xA;  money and the guy replacing him would get it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is correct - a &quot;lucky loser&quot; (someone that lost during qualifying rounds) would replace them in the main draw and that &quot;lucky loser&quot; player also would receive the rankings points and prize money for the result they achieve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But what would if he limps onto the court and plays one point and&#xA;  retires, would he pocket 50k for doing that or would he need to play&#xA;  up to a certain point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't happen so much in smaller tournaments offering less prize money and rankings points, but the scenario you describe is common for the four major grand slam tournaments because of the money &amp;amp; points potential. If you were to look at the first round matches in any major that ended because of a player retiring, you will find some that didn't even reach the second set of the match. The player that retired (in most cases) knew - going into the match - that they had a health or injury issue that was going to prevent them from competing for an entire match. But the lure of an easy pay day usually has them play a few games before retiring rather than withdraw from the tournament and give up that money to another player. You probably wouldn't get the players themselves to admit to it - but that's what is going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How about if this is not the first round but after the tournament has&#xA;  progressed and therefore there is no one to replace him. Would he&#xA;  still get the prize money and points even if he retires? So say, the&#xA;  player wins the 3rd round then pulls out of the tournament, would he&#xA;  get the same prize money and points as someone losing in the 4th&#xA;  round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It helps to think of points and prize money being awarded based on a player's wins, not their losses or matches played. So in the scenario you describe here yes, the player would get the same points and prize money for pulling out of the tournament after a 3rd round win as a player that lost a 4th round match. Both players won the same number of matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T20:46:35.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1494" CreationDate="2017-03-22T02:59:04.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin-Ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kiball&lt;/a&gt; in middle school, and that involves 3 teams of 4-5. The main objective is to not let the massive ball touch the ground. You get a point if one of the other teams drops the ball. Just google search Kinball because it's kind of hard to explain&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13045" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-22T05:20:26.757" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T05:20:26.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="532" CreationDate="2017-03-23T01:49:10.150" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me the cba reads team must give their original 1st round pick or in the event they already traded that one away and have acquired another 1st round pick that that is better than their original then they can sign a player with a 1st round tender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13050" LastActivityDate="2017-03-23T01:49:10.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-24T00:17:59.967" Score="1" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be very interesting to know why football failed to achieve higher recognition despite the expanse of the British colonists in anglophone North America, being the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States#Overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4-5th most popular&lt;/a&gt; team sport there, as compared to Latin America where &lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/2015/02/06/the-role-of-soccer-in-latin-american-culture/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;football is considered a religion&lt;/a&gt;, again despite little to no influence of Brits over Latin America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The more popular sports being American football, Baseball, Basketball and Ice hockey when considering Canada. All of them originated in North America.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-03-24T15:28:09.120" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T15:28:09.120" Title="How did football become so popular in Latin America, but not in anglophone North America?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2017-03-24T17:15:57.480" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15763" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15764" CreationDate="2017-03-24T07:51:18.117" Score="7" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have generally seen in many of the youtube videos, which attempt to teach how to hit a knuckleball perfectly, they tell that after striking the ball, one should not take the foot too far ahead, rather stop it almost instantly. For some specific type of passes like the ping, the driven ball, etc a similar advice is given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I want to ask is why does it matter to instantly stop our foot movement after the impact with the ball during a shoot or a pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why I am asking this is that sometimes I think that after we have struck the ball, the ball will do what it has to just because of the impact of our foot at the moment of shooting, not because how we end up our shoot or if we arrest our foot movement or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I'm clear with my question, and also that it's not a stupid question. However, I know that if I take my foot along with the ball after striking it, it will not go as I wish (in case of knuckleball). So I want to ask why that is so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12942" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-03-28T15:19:52.523" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T00:03:26.370" Title="Why does it matter how we end up a shoot or a pass, in terms of the footwork involved?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15763" CreationDate="2017-03-24T12:09:59.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand your question right, I think it is matter of physics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you are saying would make sense if the foot and the ball are perfectly hard objects: when they collide, there is only one point of impact so it would not matter what your foot does after the impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as the foot and the ball are soft materials, there is not only one point of impact but several ones. Also, the foot and the ball stay in contact for a short moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find extreme slowmotion videos like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deWBBmss_9g&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; where you can see that the ball and the foot are in contact for a few frames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How your foot moves after the first impact is very important because it will apply the desired effect; if your foot doesn't execute the right movement after the first contact it could do some unwanted other contacts that will add unwanted effects on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12942" LastEditDate="2017-03-25T22:04:16.917" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T22:04:16.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15766" CreationDate="2017-03-24T12:46:45.783" Score="2" ViewCount="395" Body="&lt;p&gt;You lose a point if you move the table. but what does &quot;moves&quot; constitute? &#xA;Is it rolling/moving leg? or as small as a vibration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.10.1.9 if an opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, moves the playing&#xA;surface;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2128" LastEditorUserId="2128" LastEditDate="2017-03-24T14:05:09.603" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T17:54:42.563" Title="In table tennis, ITTF rules, what constitutes moving the playing surface (table)?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15765" CreationDate="2017-03-24T18:59:19.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Vibration is not a move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a move the table, table-body or one table leg stands in a different place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that if you cause the table tennis table to move whilst the ball is still in play, you lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This usually happens when you rush forward to play a shot. After you've played your shot, your forward momentum can cause you to move the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the ball wasn't in play when you moved the table tennis table, there's no penalty. For example, once the ball has bounced a second time (either on the table, floor, surroundings, or hits your opponent), the ball's no longer in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/basic-table-tennis-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;www.allabouttabletennis.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10280" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T18:59:19.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5495" CreationDate="2017-03-25T13:48:33.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question has a lot of varying answers. A car can have sponsors, the event itself has sponsors and a driver can have sponsors. As noted previous, the driver's sponsor will have badges on their racing suit (and likely require a mention if the driver is ever interviewed). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Car and event sponsors will have places on the car. Generally, car/team sponsors will not allow competing manufactures to &quot;share&quot; space on their car (which is usually specified in the agreement). So in your example, a car with &lt;em&gt;Bridgestone&lt;/em&gt; badge on it, will be running &lt;em&gt;Bridgestone&lt;/em&gt; tyres. And not allowed to have another tyre manufacturer badge on the car. Unless...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception will be if a competing manufacturer sponsors the event itself. In your example, if &lt;em&gt;Pirelli&lt;/em&gt; sponsored the event itself, they will require a badge be on every car participating in the event. You can usually identify an event sponsor over a car sponsor by the placement of the badge. If it is in the same place on all the cars in the event, they are likely an event sponsor. If &lt;em&gt;Bridgestone&lt;/em&gt; is only on a few cars, they likely only sponsor those cars. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also &lt;em&gt;generally&lt;/em&gt; determine how much support a company has contributed to the event, car, driver by how large the badge is in comparison to the others. More space, larger badges equals more support. Keep in mind that this will be a ratio. The actual amounts will vary by event, car and driver. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The support itself could be outright cash, or parts (free or reduced prices) or anything the sponsor and team agree upon. It could also be something the team/driver support in some way themselves (i.e. a non-profit of special interest). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13057" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T13:48:33.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2961" CreationDate="2017-03-26T03:45:50.257" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2961/is-the-hand-a-part-of-the-ball&quot;&gt;Is the hand a part of the ball?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;k. A technical foul, unsportsmanlike act or flagrant foul must be called for a par-ticipant to be ejected. A player, coach or trainer may be ejected for: &#xA; (1) An elbow foul which makes contact shoulder level or below &#xA; (2) Any unsportsmanlike conduct where a technical foul is assessed &#xA; (3) A flagrant foul where unnecessary and/or excessive contact occurs &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/nba101/misunderstood_0708.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/nba101/misunderstood_0708.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marginal/Incidental Contact:&#xA; While some contact may occur during a game, it does not mean a foul has been committed. Contact which is incidental to an effort by a player to play an opponent or to perform normal defensive or offensive movements should not be considered illegal. Players are allowed normal body contact with opponents when reaching for a loose ball if they both have the same opportunity to get the ball. This type of play shall be ruled incidental if neither illegally gains an advantage. The hand is considered “Part of the ball” when it is in contact with the ball. It is not a foul if a defensive player makes normal contact with a players hand when it is in contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13059" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-03-26T03:45:50.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15585" CreationDate="2017-03-26T12:39:43.480" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Cl%C3%A1sico&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;El Clásicos&lt;/a&gt; played between Real Madrid and Barcelona during the 2010/11 season in 4 different tournaments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010/11 La Liga&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;29.Nov.2010 BAR 5 - 0 RMA&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;16.Apr.2011 RMA 1 - 1 BAR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Copa_del_Rey_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010/11 Copa del Rey Final&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;20.Apr.2011 RMA 1 - 0 BAR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_UEFA_Champions_League#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010/11 UEFA Champions League Semi-Final&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;27.Apr.2011 RMA 0 - 2 BAR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;03.May.2011 BAR 1 - 1 RMA&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Supercopa_de_Espa%C3%B1a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 Supercopa de España&lt;/a&gt;*:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;14.Aug.2011 RMA 2 - 2 BAR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;17.Aug.2011 BAR 3 - 2 RMA&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; is actually just one below than maximum &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; games that 2 Spanish sides can play each other during a single season. In this case if sides were matched earlier than in Copa del Rey Final, they would have reached this threshold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Spanish supercup games are played in 2 legs. 2011 edition was played between 2010/11 La Liga winner and 2010/11 Copa del Rey winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T17:27:06.217" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T17:27:06.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="707" CreationDate="2017-03-26T18:56:30.150" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wait for the shuttle to reach you , use your left hand for contact with the shuttle , don't twist you wrist to much and get the right swing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13060" LastActivityDate="2017-03-26T18:56:30.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15778" CreationDate="2017-03-27T10:51:02.637" Score="10" ViewCount="10975" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's common to refer to the five biggest European football leagues as the Big Five.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The four first leagues are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;La Liga&lt;/a&gt; (Spain)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Seria A&lt;/a&gt; (Italy)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League&lt;/a&gt; (England)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt; (Germany)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the European football competition results, who the fifth is may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League#By_nation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champion's League results by nation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eredivisie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eredivisie&lt;/a&gt; (Netherlands), won 5 + runner-up 2 = 7 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Primeira Liga&lt;/a&gt; (Portugal), won 4 + runner-up 5 = 9 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ligue 1&lt;/a&gt; (France), won 1 + runner-up 5 = 6 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UEFA_Cup_and_Europa_League_finals#By_country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europa League results by country&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eredivisie, won 4, runner-up 3 = 7 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Primeira Liga, won 2, runner-up 5 = 7 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Premier League&lt;/a&gt;, won 2, runner-up 0 = 2 finals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/season=2015/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA rankings in 2015&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Primeira Liga (Portugal), 61.382 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ligue 1 (France), 52.416 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian Premier League, 50.498 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/season=2016/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA rankings in 2016&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Primeira Liga (Portugal), 53.082 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ligue 1 (France), 52.749 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian Premier League, 51.082 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/season=2017/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA rankings in 2017&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ligue 1 (France), 56.665 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian Premier League, 50.532 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Primeira Liga (Portugal), 49.332 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA rankings in 2018&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ligue 1 (France), 56.415 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian Premier League, 53.382 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Primeira Liga (Portugal), 47.248 pts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we can see, there is no strongly established fifth as it can change over the years, and the 5th, 6th, and 7th are very close on their results and far away from the first four. So who is the fifth and how is it decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2021-10-15T07:11:02.327" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T07:11:02.327" Title="Which is the fifth in the Big Five of European football leagues?" Tags="|football|ranking|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2017-03-27T11:28:49.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is Ligue 1. As you point out, this isn't necessarily justified on the basis of results in European competitions. There are a couple of other factors which weigh into this discussion though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While very difficult to show, the impression is that the wages paid by Ligue 1 clubs are significantly higher than those in the Primeira Liga or Eredivisie. I'm not sure how true this is for the Russian Premier League who have a reputation for overpaying in an attempt to attract talent (much like say MLS in the US).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;depth&lt;/em&gt; of Ligue 1 is greater than that of the other leagues you mention - taking for example the Primeria Liga, three clubs (Benfica, Porto and Sporting) have won all but two of the titles. Once you get beyond those three, there's a big step down in quality.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T11:28:49.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15729" CreationDate="2017-03-27T11:43:14.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Premier League, if the shot was clearly on target before the deflection, then it is given as a goal. If there is any doubt as to whether the original shot was on target, then it is passed on to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubious_Goals_Committee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dubious goals committee&lt;/a&gt;, who decide who to award the goal to. Whether or not the goalkeeper would have saved it without the deflection is not taken into consideration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Sergio Ramos case, it is possible UEFA have their own definition of a goal/og that differs from the Premier League. Alternatively, UEFA could've deemed the Ramos header to be going off target before the deflection.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11947" LastEditorUserId="11947" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T13:03:07.490" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T13:03:07.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15722" CreationDate="2017-03-27T11:52:12.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same reason people can play in PGA and European Tour events, its just a different tour. In order to stay on the PGA you need to earn a minimum number of points in a season, so some seniors will pick and chose their full PGA events in order to maximize their chances of earning the points they require to stay on the tour, and play in the senior events the rest of the year. For example, there wouldn't be much point in a senior entering a PGA event at Oakmont, with its 300yd par 3, however at a shorter course they would feel they would have a good chance of making the cut. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of Majors like The Masters, and The Open, previous winners are invited back every year, regardless of PGA membership  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11947" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T11:52:12.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13988" CreationDate="2017-03-27T12:08:48.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some reasons could be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaches have longer careers therefore waiting 2-3 years for them to become available is not a big deal. Whereas if a striker is 27, you don't want to wait till their contract expires so you're more willing to pay the high transfer fee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Players have a more obvious impact. If you have a player who is scoring 30 goals a season, other clubs are going to want to sign him, and not the coach who coached him. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no precedent for high fees for coaches. It is quite common now to spend tens of millions on a player, whereas those fees are unheard of for a coaches fee.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11947" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T12:08:48.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2017-03-27T13:14:50.847" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;French Ligue 1 is de-facto considered to be in top 5 for several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is more competitive (stats as of 2017/18 season):&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_football_champions#Performance_by_club_in_Professional_era&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Ligue 1 during Professional Era&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;19&lt;/strong&gt; teams have won it, &lt;strong&gt;9&lt;/strong&gt; winning it 3 or more times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Soviet_and_Russian_football_champions#Total_wins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Premier League&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; teams have won it, &lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; winning it 3 or more times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dutch_football_champions#Titles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dutch Eredivisie during Professional Era&lt;/a&gt; : &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; teams have won it, &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; winning it 3 or more times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_football_champions#Performance_by_club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Portuguese Primeira Liga&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt; teams have won it, &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; winning it 3 or more times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attendance_figures_at_domestic_professional_sports_leagues#Outdoor_sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Average attendance&lt;/a&gt; is higher (stats as of 2017/18 season):&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;French Ligue 1 (which has 20 teams): &lt;strong&gt;22,524&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dutch Eredivisie (18 teams): &lt;strong&gt;19,001&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian Premier League (16 teams): &lt;strong&gt;13,956&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portuguese Primeira Liga (18 teams): &lt;strong&gt;11,967&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Higher salaries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/OfficialDocument/uefaorg/Clublicensing/02/53/00/22/2530022_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=84&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA report, 2018&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(pdf link, page 84)&lt;/em&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKX0I.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKX0I.png&quot; alt=&quot;UEFA report&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2833020/Premier-League-wages-dwarf-Europe-flight-players-England-earning-average-2-3million-year.html#i-ed75cc237f3a130&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daily Mail article, 2014&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F6YUm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F6YUm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Daily Mail article&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And finally, probably because France is a bigger player in European and World football as a two-time champion of the World Cup and two-time champion of European Championship whereas the others in question winning only European Championship once. (&lt;em&gt;Although, national team strength does not necessarily imply the strength of its league, at some degree it can be the judging factor why French Ligue 1 is in the top Eureopean Five&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides that, the only practical scenario when being in top 5 actually matters is when deciding the winner of prestigious &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Golden_Shoe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golden Shoe award&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Golden Shoe is awarded based on a points system where the weightings are determined by the league's ranking on the UEFA coefficients. Goals scored in the top five leagues are multiplied by a factor of two, so players in tougher leagues have better chances to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T20:56:41.457" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T20:56:41.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15779" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15784" CreationDate="2017-03-27T14:51:31.610" Score="1" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;16 teams make it to the playoffs each season, 8 from each conference.&#xA;Until a few years ago, within a conference the number 1 seed would face the number 8, number 2 would face number 7, 6 vs 3, and 4 vs 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the current format, teams face division opponents. Each conference get 2 wild cards. The top seed of the divisions play the wild cards, and the 2nd and 3rd ranked team within each division play a series. Then there will be a division championship followed by the conference championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventhough the current format promotes divisional rivalry, it seems very unfair. As of March 27 2017, the top 3 teams of the NHL - Washington Capitals, Columbus Blue Jackets, Pittsburgh Penguins - are all in the same division. This means that one of the top 3 teams is guaranteed to be eliminated after the first round of the playoffs when the 2nd and 3rd rank teams of this division face in the first round. This also allows for lower quality teams to enter the playoffs in the weaker division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So given the above argument, I'm wondering why the NHL has stuck to this format? I can understand they wanted a change and came up with this system. But the system is clearly flawed. So why doesn't the NHL come up with another scheme or revert back to the old format?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: I say &quot;clearly flawed&quot; since there is a huge difference in the strength of the teams playing in the postseason. The league is trying the maximize the parity of the teams getting and moving forward in the postseason. But the current format benefits weak divisions and disfavours strong divisions. Back to my example, with a very high probability one of the 2nd or 3rd best teams in the NHL is guaranteed to exit the playoffs in the first round. There has been a long discussion whether any team in the Atlantic division really wants the 1st position. The division winner will most likely face New York Rangers, the Wild Card from the Metropolitan division who have more points than any team in the Atlantic. Hence finishing 2nd in the Atlantic division gives the division champion a much easier road to get to the Stanley Cup final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-27T23:50:10.290" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T00:27:19.300" Title="Why did the NHL move to the current playoff format?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12972" CreationDate="2017-03-27T15:37:38.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main benefit is going to be insurance coverage.  Many facilities require sports team participants to be registered with an organization that offers insurance coverage, so they don't have to go through the process of getting additional coverage, and then documenting people covered to the satisfaction of their facility's insurance carrier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This coverage usually covers the team against liability and medical claims, and covers participants for medical costs if injured during an organized activity (practice, training, competition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T15:37:38.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-27T18:11:22.787" Score="9" ViewCount="1628" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike the NCAA Tourney, #1 doesn't necessarily play #16 (or #32) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13067" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T19:03:28.243" Title="Why don't tennis match-ups always follow seedings?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15779" CreationDate="2017-03-28T00:27:19.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The logic behind the new system is that it means more teams are in the playoff race down the stretch, which increases attendance and fan engagement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the old system you have one playoff boundary: 9th vs 8th in a conference. This means that the only playoff race in each conference is between teams that surround that boundary. The games that are played by teams who are safely in front of it or behind it down the stretch, end up being largely irrelevant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the new system you can either make the playoffs by winning your division, or by winning a wild card. If you're in a division whose record is well below a wild card spot, you can still make the playoffs via your division. OTOH, if you're well out of the playoffs in a strong division, you may be able to fight for a wild card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sum effect is that more teams are in contention for a playoff spot at the end of the year, and the fans of lesser quality teams win by having more reason to care at that period of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another side-effect, but with more of a neutral impact, is that team strategy has to change too. With divisional play being more important, teams need to focus their efforts on their own division. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T00:27:19.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15782" CreationDate="2017-03-28T00:33:37.490" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, tennis tournament draws follow some mathematical rules, but also incorporate a bit of random chance to try and keep things interesting and fair. It seems like you already understand how seeding works so I won't bother explaining that - but I would like to point out that certain tennis tournaments sometimes follow different rules for determining the seed for a player and don't just strictly follow the ranking = seed formula that other tournaments use. For example, Wimbledon has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/atoz/seeds.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;their own formula&lt;/a&gt; that incorporates the player's performance in matches played on grass since that's the surface Wimbledon is played on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's first ask ourselves - what is the point of having a methodology for how a tournament draw is constructed? The answer is - the main purpose is to preserve match-ups between highly seeded players until the later rounds of the tournament. It's a way for the &quot;difficulty of opponent&quot; quotient to increase as the tournament progresses. Knowing that, we can understand why - for every tournament - the #1 seed is placed at the top of the bracket and the #2 seed is placed at the bottom of the bracket. This ensures that the only match those two players can meet in is the final and attempts to keep those top seeded players participating in the tournament for as many rounds as possible (and $ell a$ many ticket$ a$ po$$ible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the #1 and #2 seeds have been placed, things get a little more random, but not by much. The scale of the formula changes depending on the size of the bracket but for the purpose of this answer I'll look at last years (2016) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/archive/wimbledon/540/2016/draws?matchType=singles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon Men's Singles Draw&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this draw you can see that Novak Djokovic was seeded #1 and placed at the top of the draw in position 1 with Andy Murray seeded #2 and placed at the bottom in position 128. In keeping with the theme of preserving big name matches until later rounds - seeds #3 and #4 are put into their own &quot;quarters&quot; of the draw to ensure that they won't play the #1 or #2 seed until the semi-finals at the earliest. This is why #3 seed Roger Federer is placed in the second quarter of the draw in position 33 and #4 seed Stan Wawrinka is placed in the third quarter of the draw in position 96.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that after the #1 and #2 seeds are placed - the rest of the placing of seeds into the draw can be somewhat random and different. In the example I just gave, Federer and Wawrinka's positions (33 and 96) could have been swapped depending on the randomness of their names being chosen - by someone pulling their name from a hat (at all 4 majors anyway). Different tournaments use different methods for name selection and have changed those methods historically at certain times. Here's a link to a draw ceremony video of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/8t2Ri7GoBa0?t=2826&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Australian Open Women's Singles&lt;/a&gt; draw if you care to watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, back to the placement of seeds. Keep in mind the idea of &quot;quadrants&quot; - so 4 blocks each having 32 places in a tournament bracket size of 128. After the #1 and #2 seeds are placed, the rest of the seeds (#3 through #32) are placed somewhat randomly, but in specific positions in each quadrant of the draw. Again, those positions help to ensure matches between the better players not happen until the later rounds. You can notice a pattern to those positions mathematically. They are 1, 8, 9, 16, 17, 24, 25, 32, 33, 40, 41....down to 104, 105, 112, 113, 120, 121 and finally 128 (for the #2 seed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If every match went according to plan with the (higher) seeded player winning, this placement of seeds into the bracket would lead to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 25-32 meeting seeds 1-8 in the third round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 9-16 meeting seeds 17-24 in the third round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 1-8 should meet seeds 9-16 in the fourth round&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 1-4 should play seeds 5-8 in the quarter finals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 1 and 2 would play either 3 or 4 in semi finals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seeds 1 and 2 would play in the final.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also some guidelines that certain tournaments follow with regards to positions reserved for Wildcard and Qualifier players but I'll leave that for another time since this answer is already pretty lengthy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2017-03-28T04:39:05.953" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T04:39:05.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15788" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-28T04:59:33.470" Score="2" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIBA Official Rules 2014 gives instructions on how to file protests. However, I could not find any specific rules regarding ordering a rematch due to protests. Can anyone please clarify? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13072" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T12:43:07.517" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T03:22:25.877" Title="Are there any specific rules regarding rematch in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15789" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-28T10:20:17.700" Score="2" ViewCount="9268" Body="&lt;p&gt;The puck has to entirely cross the goal line in the net to count as a goal. Does that ​include a case where the puck is standing vertically on end parallel to the goal line but just a sliver beyond it, but when it falls or settles to the ice, would be touching the line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess I'm asking, does the puck need to settle or be in a position to land flat entirely beyond the goal line to count or can it count by standing on end parallel to the line but a sliver beyond it, but then is touching the line when it settles flat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the NHL has had controversy on some of these kind of &quot;goals&quot; or &quot;no goals&quot;, because it can be tough to tell. I just want the official ruling on my scenario and how it would be decided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T09:22:27.843" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T09:22:27.843" Title="Puck completely crossing the goal line for a legal goal - does it need to be placed to settle beyond the line too?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15791" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-29T03:27:28.873" Score="4" ViewCount="1370" Body="&lt;p&gt;On March 28th 2017, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt; got suspended for 4 international games few hours before a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CONMEBOL)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup qualifier&lt;/a&gt; match between Argentina and Bolivia Argentina lost 2-0 in absence of their superstar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the reason behind Messi's suspension? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-08T04:24:50.220" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T17:56:00.273" Title="Why was Messi suspended for 4 games during 2018 world cup qualifications?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|fifa|suspension|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15789" CreationDate="2017-03-29T07:43:44.287" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got it on good authority that this is indeed a goal. If anyone for some reason disagrees, well, you're probably wrong. Any time the puck completely crosses, even on end, it's a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastActivityDate="2017-03-29T07:43:44.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15795" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-29T17:24:02.767" Score="0" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;My brother and I were discussing some things when a question of curiosity came up that Google could not seem to answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the NFL, what is the record for number of interceptions (by either team) within one instance of scoring (either touchdown or field goal)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, we're curious as to the &lt;em&gt;greatest number&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;interceptions&lt;/em&gt; that occurred &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; either team in an NFL game managed to &lt;em&gt;score&lt;/em&gt; any points. Note that this could happen before the first score of the game or between two instances of scoring. For example if team A scored a touchdown, and went on to intercept team B, and then be intercepted before team B scored themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing it's probably 2 or 3 interceptions before someone scored, but who knows?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13080" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-03-29T19:11:52.977" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T05:37:47.577" Title="NFL record for most number of interceptions within one instance of scoring?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15789" CreationDate="2017-03-29T20:37:21.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The puck has to entirely cross the line.  If it happens to be on edge, and all of the puck is across the line, how is that not entirely across the line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The disposition of whether it is a goal or not has nothing to do with it's final resting position.  Many pucks entirely cross the line, strike the netting or a back post, and come back out.  One that hit a part of the top frame, deep, might never touch the ice, at all, while across the goal.  And yet, those goals all count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? There is nothing in the rule that specifies any eventual position on the ice as part of the criteria.  All of the puck being physically across the line is just that.  What it does after being entirely across the line is meaningless, because there is no requirement for anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In ice hockey, a goal is scored when the puck completely crosses the goal line between the two goal posts and below the goal crossbar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a very, very simple concept, and, thus, not difficult to apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: ice hockey goal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-29T20:37:21.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-29T20:47:32.883" Score="-3" ViewCount="3820" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball is hit fair, but rolls foul before passing third of first then is it foul or fair ?I am asking this because this happened and my P.E. teacher called the ball fair, and I believe that it is foul. Please help resolve this issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13082" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T13:16:16.177" Title="Softball foul ball rules" Tags="|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-04-03T09:00:51.640" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15797" CreationDate="2017-03-29T22:03:41.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it rolls foul before reaching first or third base, it is foul.  If it is fair at that point, and then rolls out, it is fair.  You are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here are 3 of 8 regulations for a foul ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Settles or is touched (not caught) on or over foul territory between home and first base or between home and third base.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bounds or rolls past first or third base on or over foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;While over foul territory, touches the person, attached or detached equipment, or clothing of a player or an umpire or any object foreign to the natural ground&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fastpitchblog.wordpress.com/2012/05/02/asa-softball-fair-or-foul-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ASA Softball: Fair or Foul Ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 and/or 2 apply in your example.  The blogger is directly referencing the rule book with this listing, but the link in the blog is outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T13:16:16.177" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T13:16:16.177" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15791" CreationDate="2017-03-30T02:45:42.657" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He says in Spanish/Argentino &quot;La concha de tu madre&quot; I believe that there was an action on the field, on the second half, that lineman calls a foul by Messi, and then he gets upset there and well... after the match ends he reminds it to the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13084" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-03-30T08:30:01.443" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T08:30:01.443" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15803" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-30T04:19:01.687" Score="-1" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just FYI, I've delved into detail with this question, but for good reason. I have found it next to impossible to get this answered accurately, so I try and describe it best as I can. Thanks for reading, any of you NHL rule buffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is in the IIHF rule for delayed offside. I want to compare with the NHL interpretation. After reading the first clause for context, read &quot;ix&quot; and &quot;x&quot;, both of which bring on my question. The question relates to faceoff location, which I think belongs in the defensive zone in BOTH scenarios, not just &quot;x&quot;, under NHL rules. Could be wrong. I almost suspect I am.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;viii. If, during a delayed offside, a player from the defending team shoots the puck directly out of play, rules pertaining to delay of game will be applied and the appropriate penalty assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ix. If the situation in Rule 82-viii occurs but the puck deflects off the glass or a teammate, but does not cross the blue line, no penalty will be assessed but the ensuing faceoff will be in the neutral zone because of the delayed offside.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;x. If the situation in Rule 82-viii occurs but the puck deflects off the glass or a teammate but does cross the blue line, no penalty will be assessed but the ensuing faceoff will be in the defending zone on the side where the puck was shot or deflected.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these apply in the NHL? Specifically, &quot;ix&quot;, since that is the one I'm quibbling over. The neutral zone draw just feels wrong to me somehow. The first one there (viii) is referenced in the NHL book, and it's the same. The others are nowhere in the rulebook unless you do some serious reading in between the lines. They do mention a couple delayed offside/puck out of bounds scenarios, but not those, and nothing that specific. Just the first one there, one about the attacking team's original shot causing the delayed offside deflecting out off a defender, a shot off the crossbar going out during a delayed offside, and a delayed penalty on the defending team during a delayed offside. In all of those situations, the faceoff is held in the neutral zone; the original shot infraction faceoff is held from the spot closest to where the shot was taken. You could apply this logic to my scenario, but I'm unsure about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T18:38:48.330" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T18:38:48.330" Title="Delayed Offside Question (faceoff location, puck out of bounds)" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15804" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-30T05:39:46.283" Score="4" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Twelfth man fields when a member of the fielding side is injured. There are so many instances where this Player involve in Caught/Run-outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether this stats count as his career stat 'or' the Player, for whom he fielded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I have this question, since the match will not count for Twelfth man)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T08:59:05.803" Title="Stats of Twelfth man if he involved in Caught/Run-outs" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15804" CreationDate="2017-03-30T07:58:42.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Career stats&quot; are not a concept which are rigorously defined by the Laws of the Game, so anything here is going to be based purely on how your chosen stats provider chooses to count things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, we can look at how Cricinfo handles this situation. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/213856.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first Ashes Test of 2005&lt;/a&gt;, James Hildreth caught Ricky Ponting while on as a substitute fielder:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;27.3&lt;/strong&gt; short of a length and outside the off, Ponting cuts but it is uppish and straight to the man at point. James Hildreth, the substitute pouches the simple chance and that's the end of Ponting! &lt;strong&gt;102/3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easy to tell that this is &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/analysis.html?search=james+hildreth;submit_analysis.x=0;submit_analysis.y=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not recorded on his career statistics&lt;/a&gt; as Hildreth never played a Test Match. While substitutes and 12th men aren't &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; the same thing, they are very similar once the toss has been made and the teams decided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T07:58:42.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15806" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-30T10:36:16.297" Score="-5" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard that the best rackets that are lighter, powerful and fast racket models are Duora 7 and Glanz in Yonex brand.&#xA;Are these rackets best ones?&#xA;Is there any better ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12541" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T15:35:24.813" Title="What is the best racket in the world?" Tags="|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-03-30T17:46:50.917" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15806" CreationDate="2017-03-30T11:11:55.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Badminton rackets vary among a number of properties, none of which are a simplistic &lt;em&gt;worse vs better&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their &lt;strong&gt;balance&lt;/strong&gt;, some rackets being more head-heavy, others being more head-light. As a rule of thumb, head-heavy rackets are better in the offense (when you want to generate lots of power), head-light rackets are better in defense and quick net play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their &lt;strong&gt;weight&lt;/strong&gt;. Similar to the balance, a lighter racket is better for defense, a heavier racket tends to allow you to play more powerful shots. In contrast to balance, the variety in weight is larger; really heavy(120g+) training rackets allow you to feel incorrect technique and build up strength.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their &lt;strong&gt;form&lt;/strong&gt;. The laws of Badminton limit the size of the racket, but there are differences in form. Different forms are not so much about a larger area of the racket in general, but the size of the area where contact is optimal. Some rackets (namely, the YONEX Duora line) also have two different sides with different properties.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their &lt;strong&gt;stiffness&lt;/strong&gt;: All good badminton rackets &lt;a href=&quot;http://g1.img-dpreview.com/C9550BE80A6344E1A91BE9F12C705A1C.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bend on power hits&lt;/a&gt;, but some are more flexible than others. For players that are able to generate speed very quickly (i.e. virtually all professionals), a stiffer racket means more power is transferred onto the shuttle. For players who take longer to accelerate, a flexible racket is better, because it will store the power for a longer time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their &lt;strong&gt;grip size&lt;/strong&gt;: Depending on your finger length, different grip sizes tend to be optimal. Naturally, the grip size is intertwined with balance and weight.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rackets feeling will also vary by the outfit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;string type&lt;/strong&gt;: Narrow strings tend to give more feeling and power, but break faster. Also, the composition and production of the string impacts the final control.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;string tension&lt;/strong&gt;: Higher string tensions limit the area where you can hit effectively, and transfer more power on very short hitting actions. On the other hand, a lower tension increases the sweet spot, and introduces a small trampoline effect. Therefore, &lt;a href=&quot;http://badminton-coach.co.uk/272/why-egos-and-incorrect-information-about-string-tensions-in-badminton-could-be-doing-more-harm-than-good/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;string tension depends on skill as well as personal preference&lt;/a&gt;. Note that not all rackets work are strong enough for higher tensions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;grip&lt;/strong&gt; mainly changes the size of the handle, and may also have a very slight effect on balance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;overgrip&lt;/strong&gt; (or grip if you don't use an overgrip) material determines how good you can hold your racket. Towel grips tend to be problematic for players with very sweaty hands, and need to be powdered regularly. Plastic grips come with different surfaces.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some aspects where some rackets &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; better than others, namely average &lt;strong&gt;durability&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;price&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some properties do not effect play, but are considered anyways: &lt;strong&gt;style/coloring&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;marketing&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, &lt;strong&gt;there is no best racket&lt;/strong&gt;. The best racket for a given player depends a lot on the player's technique, playing style, preferences and personal feeling. Most players will play fine with a any good racket, especially if the new racket's properties are similar to their usual racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2017-03-30T15:35:24.813" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T15:35:24.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-30T17:07:42.980" Score="1" ViewCount="536" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am getting a sniper for airsoft, but my shot speed limit is 350 fps. Could I buy a sniper shooting at 450 fps and lower it to around 350 fps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, how could I do that without cutting the spring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13088" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T05:53:01.813" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T10:05:31.683" Title="Can the shot speed of an airsoft sniper rifle be reduced without cutting the spring?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-31T10:30:40.647" Score="2" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is about an awarded goal on an illegal substitution in NHL hockey, or what I think would make for one. This has to do with an illegal substitute trying to stop disaster from occuring. Call it a kneejerk reaction. I only ask you use your imagination; I know this is the very definition of uncommon. But that's what I do, ask the uncommon questions no one wants to ask because they have wives and lives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team has its goalie pulled, either for a delayed penalty or at the end of the game; while in the attacking zone, they pass the puck back to the point, only to have it missed by the point man and head toward the unoccupied goal. Would it be an awarded goal if an illegal substitute from that team enters the game off the bench to race to stop the puck from going into the net somewhere in the neutral or defending zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule for illegal substitution has a clause in it for an awarded goal when the goalie is removed. However, it only takes into account a case where a &quot;player&quot; of the side attacking the &quot;unattended goal&quot; is interfered with in the neutral or attacking zone. It says nothing of the puck or its movements. So that's no good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 56.7 seems to support this, almost perfectly. It says, &quot;If when the goalkeeper has been removed from the ice, any member of his team (including the goalkeeper) not legally on the ice, including the Coach or non-playing Club personnel, interferes by means of his body, stick or any other object or piece of equipment with the movements of the puck or an opposing player in the neutral or attacking zone, the Referee shall immediately award a goal to the non-offending team.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing the above scenario is covered by this, since an illegal sub is not &quot;legally&quot; on the ice. I think the spirit of the rule is for obstruction from the bench, but it bolsters my case as well. The actual rule for illegal substitution doesn't say this - it's located under interference. Am I right with my analysis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T18:28:29.953" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T19:14:23.040" Title="Illegal Substitution and Awarded Goal" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15819" CreationDate="2017-03-31T13:29:41.370" Score="2" ViewCount="453" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hockey, there is a stat where players get +1 when their team scores while they are on the ice, and -1 when the opposite team scores when they are on the ice. (Cant remember the exact name of the statistic, if someone could inform me)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a goal happens while there are not the expected number of players on the ice (like during a change of players, there is, at some point (for like a second) 4 or 6 players on the ice) who gets the +1/-1 in their stats?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it the outgoing player of the change? The incoming player? or does every player that has their skates on the ice at the precise moment the puck goes in gets the +1/-1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="5036" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T14:04:47.067" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T17:49:27.647" Title="For a goal while there's a change of players, who gets the +1/-1?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15813" CreationDate="2017-03-31T13:44:07.927" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you have it right, and while, perhaps, the rule was originally intended with bench interference in mind, the wording, being as it is and not &quot;from the bench,&quot; was clearly intended to cover the scenario you laid out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're going to award a best answer for this, you need to post the second part of your question, yourself and award it to yourself, since you did all the lifting on this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T13:44:07.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13738" CreationDate="2017-03-31T13:59:50.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no immediate recourse, as mentioned by Mastermind_Ed, but, long term, if there is an issue, a team can let the league know they have concerns, and the officials are constantly having their work reviewed, graded and evaluated (as they are in all sports at almost all levels).  If an umpire can't consistently call balls and strikes, they will be replaced and will not be assigned to those duties at that level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Letting the league know one has concerns, especially with today's technology in looking at where the ball crosses the plate in relation to the strike zone, can probably bring attention to and accelerate a review where necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T13:59:50.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6935" CreationDate="2017-03-31T14:04:10.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The catcher stands where he does, for an intentional walk, to give the pitcher a big, fat, easy target so far out of the strike zone that a player could not lunge and hit it with the hope of decent contact without leaving the batter's box.  This insures that the batter can't twart the intent of the intentional walk and get a hit, instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pitcher is sloppy and the batter can reach it, there's nothing that prevents the batter from taking a swing at it.  Likewise, there's nothing that would stop the pitcher and/or catcher from changing their minds and throwing strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:04:10.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="792" CreationDate="2017-03-31T14:12:12.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you think about the math, suspending a starting &quot;field&quot; player for five games prevents that player from contributing to his team for the next five games.  If a pitcher was only going to be able to contribute in a meaningful way for that one start over that period, a five game rip, even though it really only affects one start, still has the same result of the player not being able to contribute for five games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus, you never know what might happen.  If the pitcher is slated to start game 1 and they have to move to a temporarily shortened rotation (Game 3 pitcher gets food poisoning), it could cost him two starts.  If they get into a marathon extra inning game, that pitcher is not available to pitch to a single left-handed batter in the 18th inning as the manager perhaps would have wanted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any scenario, the same net effect of not being able to contribute to five games holds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you had a non-pitching bench player who was a backup and used mostly as a substitute or pinch hitter, how would that be evaluated for suspension for involvement in a bench-clearing brawl?  Would they also require a different kind of calculus?  Generally, with rules, the simpler they can keep it, the less subjective it is and the less opportunity for controversy over arbitrary treatment of one player vs another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:12:12.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15814" CreationDate="2017-03-31T17:49:27.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact name of the statistic is called plus-minus.  Nothing fancy here for the name.  It does get complicated when players are changing as you may have 6 players on the ice at the same time.  For this reason, the player ending his shift should be credited with the plus whereas the player coming onto the ice should remain even, even though they are on the ice at the same time.  Note that this happens within split seconds and it is hard to know.  But in the NHL, this statistic is often reviewed to make the appropriate changes on the score sheet.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When an even-strength or shorthanded goal is scored, every player on the ice for the team scoring the goal is credited with a &quot;plus.&quot; Every&#xA;  player on the ice for the team scored against gets a &quot;minus.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player's overall total is calculated by subtracting the minuses from&#xA;  the pluses. A high plus total is taken to mean that a guy is a good&#xA;  defensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But it's a very broad measurement and there has always been&#xA;  disagreement over how useful a statistic it is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Power play goals are not used in calculating plus-minus.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Shorthanded goals are used in calculating plus-minus.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Penalty shot goals are not used in calculating plus-minus.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T17:49:27.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15813" CreationDate="2017-03-31T17:54:54.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct in your analysis of the situation.  By its own definition in the rule book, the referee must award the empty net goal if there is any illegal interference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same situation applies if a player on the ice of the opposite team gets a hooking call, interference, slashing penalty, which results in the player incapability to shoot towards the empty net.  Therefore, the referee should award the goal if a player of the opposite team interferes with the player shooting at the empty net.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T17:54:54.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-01T12:24:04.027" Score="2" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of situations that call for minor penalties in the rulebook become penalty shots if they are committed when there is &quot;insufficient playing time&quot; to serve them (applies to regulation and overtime). For example, one situation is a defending player displacing the goal frame intentionally; from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2017-2018-NHL-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-2018 Rulebook, Rule 63.5, Penalty Shot&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If by reason of insufficient time in the regular playing time or by&#xA;  reason of penalties already imposed, the minor penalty assessed to a&#xA;  player for deliberately displacing his own goal post cannot be served&#xA;  in its entirety within the regular playing time of the game or at any time&#xA;  in overtime, a penalty shot shall be awarded against the offending&#xA;  team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this mean that 1:59 or less must be remaining in regulation for a minor penalty to become a penalty shot? Technically, the rule doesn't even mention two minutes; it mentions &quot;insufficient playing time.&quot; Does this mean if two minutes remain exactly, the minor penalty can be served in its entirety?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T12:11:50.617" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T20:45:09.357" Title="Do minor penalties become penalty shots when there is &quot;insufficient playing time&quot;?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15550" CreationDate="2017-04-01T13:13:06.473" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've spent a good part of my day analyzing the matches documented in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;individual CL tournament wiki pages&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ecomp.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RSSF&lt;/a&gt;, and here are the results of the &lt;strong&gt;greatest/smallest goal differential (per game) stats&lt;/strong&gt; through 1992/93 - 2017/18 Champions League seasons* (unfortunately &lt;em&gt;the most/fewest minutes leading&lt;/em&gt; stats are not included, as they were too hard to count):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  Season |        Team       | Games | Scored | Received | Average Goal Difference per Game&#xA; 2013/14 |    Real Madrid    |   13  |   41   |    10    |               2,38&#xA; 2015/16 |    Real Madrid    |   13  |   28   |     6    |               1,69&#xA; 2010/11 |     Barcelona     |   13  |   30   |     9    |               1,62&#xA; 1992/93 |     Marseille     |    7  |   15   |     4    |               1,57&#xA; 1997/98 |    Real Madrid    |   11  |   22   |     5    |               1,55&#xA; 2014/15 |     Barcelona     |   13  |   31   |    11    |               1,54&#xA; 2012/13 |   Bayern Munich   |   13  |   31   |    11    |               1,54&#xA; 2005/06 |     Barcelona     |   13  |   24   |     5    |               1,46&#xA; 2008/09 |     Barcelona     |   13  |   32   |    13    |               1,46&#xA; 2016/17 |    Real Madrid    |   13  |   36   |    18    |               1,38&#xA; 1993/94 |       Milan       |    8  |   13   |     2    |               1,38&#xA; 2017/18 |    Real Madrid    |   13  |   33   |    16    |               1,31&#xA; 1994/95 |        Ajax       |   11  |   18   |     4    |               1,27&#xA; 2001/02 |    Real Madrid    |   17  |   35   |    14    |               1,24&#xA; 1996/97 | Borussia Dortmund |   11  |   23   |    10    |               1,18&#xA; 1998/99 | Manchester United |   11  |   29   |    16    |               1,18&#xA; 1995/96 |      Juventus     |   11  |   22   |     9    |               1,18&#xA; 2007/08 | Manchester United |   13  |   20   |     6    |               1,08&#xA; 2011/12 |      Chelsea      |   13  |   25   |    12    |               1&#xA; 2006/07 |       Milan       |   13  |   20   |    10    |               0,77&#xA; 2000/01 |   Bayern Munich   |   17  |   24   |    12    |               0,71&#xA; 1999/00 |    Real Madrid    |   17  |   35   |    23    |               0,71&#xA; 2004/05 |     Liverpool     |   13  |   18   |     9    |               0,69&#xA; 2009/10 |   Internazionale  |   13  |   17   |     9    |               0,62&#xA; 2003/04 |       Porto       |   13  |   20   |    12    |               0,62&#xA; 2002/03 |       Milan       |   17  |   21   |    14    |               0,41&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth to mention that Real Madrid's 2013/14 CL campaign delivered an outstanding result with a whooping average goal difference of &lt;strong&gt;2,38&lt;/strong&gt; per game, as compared to average &lt;strong&gt;1,21&lt;/strong&gt;. Moreover, with this run Real Madrid is the only CL-winner side that achieved an average goal difference greater than &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Note that only the games starting from the group stages were taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T05:20:33.797" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T05:20:33.797" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2017-04-01T14:54:23.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;After doing a research which includes Champions league, UEFA cup &amp;amp; super cup  winners I found that there are &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; teams that fits the criteria of more european titles than domestic titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I found that Bayer 04 Leverkusen has a 1:1 tally winning 1 German cup (1992–93) and 1 UEFA Cup (1987–88).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ipswich Town is also a team to mention holding a 2:1 tally winning 2 domestic titles (Champion - 1961–62, cup - 1977–78) and 1 UEFA Cup (1980-81).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also as mentioned in the comments Sevilla FC has a 7:6 tally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_04_Leverkusen#Honours&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipswich_Town_F.C.#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipswich_Town_F.C.#Honours&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla_FC#Honours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla_FC#Honours&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="385" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T14:54:23.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15830" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-02T03:42:11.560" Score="3" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;in the USA Hockey casebook, I came across an interesting little nugget.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Player A1 pushes teammate A2 into an opponent who is thrown against the boards violently enough to warrant a boarding penalty. Which Team A player is assessed the penalty?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this, a1 is called for boarding, instead of a2, unless a2 does something on his own that might deserve the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, would the NHL use this approach too, for this kind of play? Ie, would it likely be penalized? The NHL rule is worded very specifically about a player who 'checks or pushes' an opponent who impacts the boards violently or dangerously; the USA hockey rule just says any 'action' that causes an opponent to go violently go into the boards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are just different enough to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T03:56:05.137" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T20:28:51.157" Title="Boarding, NHL vs USA Hockey" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15832" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15835" CreationDate="2017-04-02T16:17:55.030" Score="-2" ViewCount="1220" Body="&lt;p&gt;If at the end of an NHL seasons if 2 teams tie in points, who gets the higher seed? What break ties? And if that thing is tied too, what further breaks the tie? And what would a perfect tie be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-03T03:06:02.633" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T03:06:02.633" Title="At the end of the season, what decides tiebreakers in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-04-03T12:58:39.863" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15833" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15834" CreationDate="2017-04-02T16:20:06.643" Score="1" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that the long running show The Harlem Globe Trotters was based on a real basketball match, that took place in the 40ies I think...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was that match, and what context made it become a basketball show?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T18:16:02.160" Title="What is the real game behind the Harlem Globe Trotters?" Tags="|basketball|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15833" CreationDate="2017-04-02T18:16:02.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Globetrotters#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia would largely disagree with you&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Globetrotters originated in the south side of Chicago, Illinois, in the 1920s, where all the original players were raised. The Globetrotters began as the Savoy Big Five, one of the premier attractions of the Savoy Ballroom opened in November 1927, a basketball team of African-American players that played exhibitions before dances. In 1928, several players left the team in a dispute. That autumn, several of the players, led by Tommy Brookins, formed a team called the &quot;Globe Trotters&quot; and toured Southern Illinois that spring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article goes on to note that the Globetrotters did win the World Professional Basketball Tournament in 1940; perhaps that is the story which has been confused with what you heard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T18:16:02.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15832" CreationDate="2017-04-02T20:39:51.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?page=nhl/tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very easy to find page on ESPN&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fewer number of games played (i.e., superior points percentage).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The greater number of games won, excluding games won in the Shootout. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The greater number of points earned in games between the tied clubs. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The greater differential between goals for and against for the entire regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if two (or more!) teams are still tied after all four tiebreakers is possibly an open question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T20:39:51.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-03T10:02:20.340" Score="11" ViewCount="3216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I work at a primary school and the soccer nets have been stolen. The goal frames are still there, but the nets are gone. Is there a way to replace them so that they won't be stolen again? I thought perhaps making the nets removable? I've seen anti-vandal anti-theft goals online but I'm not sure what makes them so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13108" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-04-03T11:18:14.290" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T08:49:35.313" Title="How can I prevent football/soccer net theft?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15836" CreationDate="2017-04-03T11:17:49.927" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, the &quot;anti-vandal&quot; or &quot;anti-theft&quot; refers to the goal frames themselves, rather than the nets; there's very little you can do if someone is actually out to vandalise the net with a big pair of scissors or equivalent. The simplest solution by far is just to put the nets up when you need them - this then just becomes a question of whether it is more cost effective to replace the nets when they are stolen or have your staff time spent putting up and taking down the nets every time they are needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T11:17:49.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15842" CreationDate="2017-04-03T13:30:06.540" Score="2" ViewCount="1406" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a Premier League match be delayed due to a team arriving late on the pitch due to some reasons within the team? If yes, for how long will the referee wait for the team to arrive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13112" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-02T12:15:02.167" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T12:15:02.167" Title="Delay in Premier League Football match" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15836" CreationDate="2017-04-03T14:43:27.063" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can suggest you one of those three solutions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;use it without net except during official games, on these occasions you should assemble and dismantle the net with a consequent loss of time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;add wheels to completely remove the goal frames at the end of matches/trainings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;use rigid net (it is easy to see it on 3 vs 3 ground, but I do not know if exists for normal goal frames)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can see movable wheels for solution 2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QPgBu.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QPgBu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;wheels&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4J7QH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4J7QH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;wheels&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T14:43:27.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15839" CreationDate="2017-04-03T15:26:20.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This situation is described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/publications&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League Handbook 2016/17&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;strong&gt;Premier League Rules - Clubs: Operations - Section L: Fixtures - Kick-Off:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;L.29. Each Club participating in a League Match shall adhere to the kick-off time and the Home Club shall report any delay to the Board&#xA;  together with any explanation therefor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;L.30. Any Club which without good reason causes to be delayed either the kick-off of a League Match from the time fixed or the re-start&#xA;  after the half-time interval:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;L.30.1. shall on the first such occasion pay a fixed penalty of £5,000 if the delay does not exceed &lt;strong&gt;15 minutes&lt;/strong&gt;; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;L.30.2. shall on a second or subsequent occasion within two years of the first such occasion or if in any case the delay exceeds 15&#xA;  minutes be dealt with under the provisions of Section W of these Rules&#xA;  (Disciplinary section, &lt;em&gt;which currently has a long list of 82 rules&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T15:26:20.203" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-04T00:31:16.087" Score="1" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;The starting pitcher completes 6 innings and is losing 3 to 1 when his team comes to bat in the top of the seventh.  The team scores 5 runs to take the lead and a new pitcher pitches the bottom of the seventh and never loses the lead.  Who is the winning pitcher, the starter or relief pitcher?  The starter was going to be replaced regardless of his team taking the lead in the top of the seventh of a seven inning game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13118" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T19:15:47.657" Title="Winning Pitcher" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15845" CreationDate="2017-04-04T03:49:00.810" Score="7" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Manchester United wins the Europa League, and Leicester City wins the Champions League (&lt;strong&gt;everything is possible&lt;/strong&gt;), and both do not fall into the top 4 in the Premier League, then how many Premier League teams will play in the 2017-2018 Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13109" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-15T15:27:02.747" LastActivityDate="2021-08-15T15:27:02.747" Title="How many Premier League teams will play in the 17-18 Champions League?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15844" CreationDate="2017-04-04T05:06:03.617" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No more than five clubs can enter the UEFA Champions League from one national association.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Regarding the top three associations (currently Spain, Germany and&#xA;  England): if two clubs from one of these countries win the UEFA&#xA;  Champions League and UEFA Europa League, and neither finish their&#xA;  domestic league in a position that qualifies them for the UEFA&#xA;  Champions League, the following will happen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– The club that won the UEFA Champions League will go straight into&#xA;  the group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– The UEFA Europa League winners will go into the UEFA Champions&#xA;  League play-offs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– The club that had qualified for a UEFA Champions League play-off&#xA;  spot via their domestic league competition (i.e. finished fourth)&#xA;  transfer to the UEFA Europa League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2444525.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uefa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10760" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-04T11:15:31.633" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T11:15:31.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15843" CreationDate="2017-04-04T05:08:11.217" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;9.17 (a) in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball rulebook&lt;/a&gt; covers wins for pitchers, and it explicitly mentions that the pitcher can be awarded a win even if removed before the team gains the lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.17 Winning and Losing Pitcher &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The official scorer shall credit as the winning pitcher that pitcher whose team assumes a lead while&#xA;  such pitcher is in the game, &lt;strong&gt;or during the inning on offense in which&#xA;  such pitcher is removed from the game&lt;/strong&gt;, and does not relinquish such&#xA;  lead, unless [some exceptions that do not apply here]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So given your conditions of the team retaining the lead for the remainder of the game, the starting pitcher is credited with the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T05:08:11.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15836" CreationDate="2017-04-04T07:25:01.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should make a net &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=soccer+chain+net&amp;amp;safe=strict&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;with thin chains&lt;/a&gt; and have the poles fixed into solid concrete ground or welded to some other metal railing etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13119" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2017-04-04T08:49:35.313" LastActivityDate="2017-04-04T08:49:35.313" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15849" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-04T18:00:05.427" Score="3" ViewCount="27376" Body="&lt;p&gt;When starting a game a whistle is blown by the referee only once. At the end of the 1st half the referee blows the whistle 2 times. At the end of the game the referee blows the whistle 3 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this in &quot;The Laws of the Game&quot; or is it just a guideline?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13124" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T13:31:25.253" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T09:19:10.000" Title="Number of whistles by referees defined in the rules or is it just a guideline?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15849" CreationDate="2017-04-04T18:19:32.677" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;strong&gt;Law 5: The Referee&lt;/strong&gt; section of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;  there is no mention of the number of whistles by referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Body Language, Communication and Whistle&lt;/strong&gt; subsection of the appendix section &lt;strong&gt;Practical Guidelines for Match Officials&lt;/strong&gt; only the occasions for a whistle are listed, however the number of whistles again isn't mentioned anywhere in the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The whistle is needed to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;start play (1st and 2nd half of normal play and extra time), after    a goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stop play:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;for a free kick or penalty kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;if the match is suspended or abandoned &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;at the end of each half &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;restart play for: &#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;free kicks when the appropriate distance is required&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;penalty kicks &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;restart play after it has been stopped for a: &#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;caution or sending-off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;injury&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;substitution&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="17289" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T09:19:10.000" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T09:19:10.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15853" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15868" CreationDate="2017-04-05T07:07:24.760" Score="6" ViewCount="984" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure the algorithm established by FIFA in order to rank teams during 2014 World Cup group stages is ambiguous for the case of three or more teams having equal number of points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is the following:&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the&#xA;  teams concerned;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams&#xA;  concerned;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams&#xA;  concerned;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organizing Committee&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say three teams, call them X,Y and Z, are equal based on criteria a), b), c) and d).&#xA;Then assume step e) puts Z above the other two who still need breaking apart. In other words, counting in only the games involving X, Y and Z, all three teams have equal number of points but Z has a higher goal difference than X and Y, who are equal from that perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where it becomes unclear to me. Imagine that Y beat X the one time they played each other. Then, although step d) does not help in ranking the three teams when considering the games involving them, it does separate X and Y when ignoring Z's games. In simpler words :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Z=Y=X for step d) (i.e. when based on all games featuring any two of them)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Z&gt;Y=X for step e)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y&gt;X for step d)  (i.e. when based only on Y vs X, hence Y is better off when ignoring the outcome of Y vs Z)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then what happens ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Options are :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Having already applied steps d) and e) to all three teams without obtaining a full determination of their rank, we move forwards to step f)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since step e) reduced the number of teams involved in this process, the algorithm is reinitiated at step d)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we move to step e), do we still count goal difference for X and Y in games involving all three teams since they initiated the algorithm or only the game involving X and Y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are about to comment that steps d) and e) yield the same result when only taking into account the match between X and Y, then imagine that it's a 2 legged championship and that they both win a game with a nonzero aggregate or else that we have four teams of which only one was moved above the other three by step d) and that we are in a group with 5 or 6 teams (e.g. qualifiers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find the answer anywhere, but this must have happened once in history surely. This is just 2014 World Cup but I've followed football for a while and the rules have always been similar to these ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_update_e_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA website&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/47/38/17/regulationsfwcbrazil2014_update_e_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13128" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T02:34:39.067" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T03:53:29.760" Title="Tie breaking in association football championships" Tags="|football|world-cup|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15856" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16476" CreationDate="2017-04-05T11:51:57.937" Score="10" ViewCount="804" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a floorball player, I'm a mathematician. I got recently curious about the floorball ball: it's got 26 holes, which is an unusual number, and I wondered how they are placed on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems there is no regulation for this, certainly it's not in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.floorball.org/pages/EN/Material-Regulations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFF Material Regulations (2016)&lt;/a&gt; document. There is some drawing in the appendix, but still, the placement seems to only have some general rules (like minimal distance between holes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it really true that the balls do not have a predefined shape? And if so, what is the most common placement of the holes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13131" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T11:52:31.053" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T11:42:25.910" Title="Position of holes on a floorball ball?" Tags="|rules|equipment|floorball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15857" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-04-05T11:52:41.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information, see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;floorball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T15:43:11.070" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T15:43:11.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15858" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-04-05T11:52:41.150" Score="0" Body="Questions about floorball." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T11:52:41.150" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T11:52:41.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15864" CreationDate="2017-04-06T09:27:42.320" Score="3" ViewCount="4507" Body="&lt;p&gt;In La Liga game between Leganes and Real Madrid on 5th April 2017, Leganes defender Martín Mantovani scored &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/BqesFuQFsdo?t=1m28s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an own goal with hand&lt;/a&gt; †. Was it a valid goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;† &lt;em&gt;This goal apparently counted as Alvaro Morata's goal, which seems strange to me as he didn't even touch the ball. But if Morata wasn't involved at all, would it be still a valid goal if defender scores an own goal with his hands?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:36:52.440" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:36:52.440" Title="Is an own goal scored with hand a valid goal?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15861" CreationDate="2017-04-06T11:08:17.933" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two possible circumstances here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee deems the contact between the hand and the ball to hand to be accidental. In this case, play continues as normal and the goal stands.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee deems the contact between the hand and the ball to be deliberate. This would normally be a &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;direct free kick offence&lt;/a&gt;, but the referee should clearly play advantage here as &quot;the non-offending team will benefit from the advantage&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.3, The Referee, Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the goal stands. I agree the awarding of the goal to Morata seems a little strange, but that's not something which actually matters in terms of the result of the match (and can always be corrected afterwards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T02:29:10.790" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T02:29:10.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15865" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-06T14:27:10.897" Score="5" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any tournament system that deals with the fact that both opponents can lose? Or is there an easy, non-complicated and fair way of modifying an elimination-like system to deal with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm doing in historical fencing (HEMA). In this type of fencing, we want to strongly discourage so-called double hits, i.e. a situation in which both opponents hit each other at approximately the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we do tournaments, there are several options of dealing with double hits. The simplest one is that a double hit is a point for both opponents but that does not discourage the double hits, on the contrary, it encourages it in some situations (one of the opponents is one point from victory while the other one is not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another system is that double hits are not counted at all. This is a bit better but it can lengthen the matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last system is that double hits are punished by both opponents losing (either right away or after some amount of double hits). This last option is closest to what we would want - it punishes double hits and can be scaled depending on the experience of the contestants (by the amount of double hits allowed). However it has one &lt;strong&gt;major drawback&lt;/strong&gt;: it works only in round-robin-like tournament systems and any elimination-like system is broken by the fact that both opponents should lose. Hence my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13138" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T20:20:01.980" Title="Elimination system where both opponents can lose" Tags="|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15867" CreationDate="2017-04-06T14:29:48.233" Score="2" ViewCount="605" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QcbW7.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QcbW7.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Faceoff&lt;/a&gt; decided as a won faceoff, or a lost faceoff? Is it all which center get the puck where he wants, or is it decided by another factor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T14:37:29.837" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T15:36:32.003" Title="What decides if a faceoff is Won or Lost?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15866" CreationDate="2017-04-06T15:36:32.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not determined until possession is determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is possible that a center will win the faceoff by succeeding to draw the puck back to one of his teammates, if his team cannot maintain possession through the ensuing play, then the other team is awarded the faceoff won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T15:36:32.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15853" CreationDate="2017-04-07T03:25:55.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Section 50.5 (a) - (c) states that all teams are first ranked by &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;points, then &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goal difference, then &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goals scored.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any teams are level after applying all three criteria in this order, section 50.5 (d) - (f) states that the matches played between the equal teams are then ranked by (once again):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;points, then&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goal difference, then&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goals scored.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The simplest way to do this would be to construct a league table from the matches played between the level teams. As with a full league table used in (a) - (c), this reduced table would be ordered on points, then goal difference, then goals scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Z=Y=X for step d) (i.e. when based on all games featuring any two of them)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Z&gt;Y=X for step e)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Y&gt;X for step d) (i.e. when based only on Y vs X, hence Y is better off when ignoring the outcome of Y vs Z)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the third step is the error. The procedure states that (d) - (g) are applied to all teams that are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;equal on the basis of the above three criteria &lt;em&gt;[(a) - (c)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; state that a level team's matches are excluded with the process restarting if they are ahead on one of the criteria. By restarting the process with just two of the teams at (d), you would not be including all teams level on (a) - (c), and this leads to an erroneous ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example (if it is even mathematically possible), goals scored in matches between X, Y, and Z would be used to separate X and Y, since X, Y and Z are all level on the basis of (a) - (c).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, if all criteria are exhausted, in accordance with section 50.5 (g), lots will be drawn to separate the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T03:53:29.760" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T03:53:29.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13912" CreationDate="2017-04-07T12:37:58.537" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the FIFA guidelines, only the player that has passed the ball to the player that scores a goal is given the assist. No other player is given the credit for the goal scored. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no idea about the leagues outside of FIFA so i cant say for those leagues, but each and every league governed by FIFA have this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13144" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T12:42:23.927" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T12:42:23.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14151" CreationDate="2017-04-07T14:57:48.867" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player who passes[2] the ball is supposed to get the assist not the one that lets it go. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that match it was unsure whether Oliver Giroud got a touch or not and hence was given the benefit of the doubt and given the assist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13145" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T14:57:48.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15803" CreationDate="2017-04-07T20:50:04.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first instance of&#xA; &quot;viii. If, during a delayed offside, a player from the defending team shoots the puck directly out of play, rules pertaining to delay of game will be applied and the appropriate penalty assessed.&quot;&#xA;is clear that with a delay of game the penalty is assessed to the defending team and the face-off should remain in the defensive zone.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The change for  X is that there is no penalty but a deflection out of bounds from the defensive team. When the puck crosses the blue line the Delayed offside is no longer in effect therefore it was a deflected shot out of bounds and the defensive team has to stay in their zone for the puck going out of play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IX- the delayed offside call negates the position of the face-off which brings it into the neutral zone due to both teams being at &quot;fault of error&quot; so a neutral zone face off is taken.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T20:50:04.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15877" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-08T09:41:57.743" Score="4" ViewCount="2019" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm quite curious to know whether a footballer (any position) can play the game wearing a cap?I haven't noticed such a situation yet but would love to know whether it is possible or not.&#xA;PS:Though I think they would not prefer wearing it as it would not allow them to head efficiently but still I'd love to know&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13112" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-04-08T23:08:45.227" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T23:08:45.227" Title="Is a footballer allowed to wear a cap while playing?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15877" CreationDate="2017-04-08T12:19:49.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Law 4: The Players’ Equipment; Paragraph 4: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/79/92/44/Laws.of.the.Game.2016.2017_Neutral.pdf#page=41&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other equipment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/strong&gt; it's stated that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Non-dangerous protective equipment, for example &lt;strong&gt;headgear&lt;/strong&gt;, facemasks&#xA;  and knee and arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material&#xA;  is permitted as are &lt;strong&gt;goalkeepers’ caps&lt;/strong&gt; and sports spectacles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where head covers are worn, they must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be black or the same main colour as the shirt (provided that the    players of the same team wear the same colour)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be in keeping with the professional appearance of the player’s equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not be attached to the shirt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not be dangerous to the player wearing it or any other player (e.g. opening/ closing mechanism around neck)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not have any part(s) extending out from the surface (protruding elements)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, all types of goalkeeper caps are permitted, as they are explicitly mentioned and it's worth to mention that it's a new inclusion as you can see from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/79/92/44/Laws.of.the.Game.2016.2017_Neutral.pdf#page=125&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Probably, referees won't allow field players to use caps as they have protruding shapes and can be considered dangerous when fighting for headed balls, and anyways referees have an authority:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; to allow or not to allow a player to wear certain clothing or equipment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as it is stated in &lt;em&gt;Law 5: The Referee; Paragraph 6: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/79/92/44/Laws.of.the.Game.2016.2017_Neutral.pdf#page=51&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liability of Match Officials&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, so it can also depend on referee or his current mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T12:19:49.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4506" CreationDate="2017-04-09T03:56:31.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2016, no. The Davis Cup used to for world group matches, but not any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/rankings-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP world tour website → Rankings FAQ&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the rankings rules for players who compete in Davis Cup?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beginning in 2016 no points have been awarded for Davis Cup ties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13155" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T13:26:26.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15881" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-04-09T09:22:17.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about own goals, an event in which a team or player plays the ball into their own goal, as opposed to the opponent's goal or by the opposing team or player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag includes questions about events that are similar in nature to an own goal or which involve the concept of scoring in favour of the opponent, even if the scoring mechanism does not involve putting a ball in a goal or the own goal does not score for either team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions which ask about rules regarding own goals should also be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;. Questions which ask about decisions made by officials about own goals should be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/officiating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;officiating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;officiating&lt;/a&gt;. Usage guidance for both of those tags should be followed at all times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions may be generalised to many sports, or specific to the rules and regulations for a single sport. Questions must also be tagged for any specific sports or competitions they ask about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T11:35:54.380" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T11:35:54.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15882" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-04-09T09:22:17.680" Score="0" Body="Questions about own goals, including goal events that do not score and in sports which do not use goals *per se*. Questions must also be tagged for the specific sport or competition." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T23:26:08.100" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T23:26:08.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15883" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15884" CreationDate="2017-04-09T09:39:32.690" Score="1" ViewCount="5867" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sports like football, a goal is scored whenever the ball is in play and somehow ends up in the goal, regardless of how it happened, unless it relied on a breach of rules by the team who scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in field hockey, I often see the ball go into the goal, even after a player touches it inside the shooting circle, yet a goal is not given and the scores do not change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a defender to score an own goal at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T09:39:32.690" Title="Can an own goal be scored in field hockey?" Tags="|rules|field-hockey|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15883" CreationDate="2017-04-09T09:39:32.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In field hockey, a goal can only be scored if the ball is played by an attacker inside the circle, then crosses the goal-line under the crossbar without leaving the circle in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This applies even if a defender has touched the ball prior to the attacker, or touches the ball between the attacker and the goal. If the attacker would not have scored without the defender's action, the latter is sometimes informally called an own goal. However, the last attacker to touch the ball inside the circle is typically given credit, due to the rule requiring the attacker's touch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is not played by an attacker inside the circle, a goal simply cannot be scored. Should only a defender touch it instead, no goal is given, and play restarts with a (long) corner as with any other instance of the ball leaving play over the back-line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIH previously included a mandatory experimental rule which provided for scoring own goals - a defender's touch inside the circle also counted for scoring a goal if the ball entered the goal. However it was widely disliked and did not serve to improve the game as hoped, so the rule was reverted to its previous form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T09:39:32.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15885" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-09T09:52:09.670" Score="1" ViewCount="1676" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Paire&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benoit Paire&lt;/a&gt; plays this week challenger tournament in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Verrazzano_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sophia Antipolis&lt;/a&gt; and he is listed among players who received wildcard. Paire is currently No. 40 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Top_ten_French_male_singles_tennis_players&amp;amp;oldid=773651579&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP rankings&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a player from top 50 need a wildcard in order to play in a challenger tournament? Are there some other restrictions which could prevent players which are high in ATP rankings from playing &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Challenger_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Challenger Tour&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T10:01:56.500" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T00:39:32.497" Title="Do high ranked players need wild card to play a Challenger tournament?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15886" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-09T12:16:56.970" Score="3" ViewCount="1124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that occasionally some players enter tournament via wild card, despite the fact that they have sufficient ranking for direct entry into tournament, sometimes even to be seeded. To list a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The top seed of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Abierto_Mexicano_Telcel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Acapulco&lt;/a&gt; Novak Djokovic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The top seed of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Barcelona_Open_Banco_Sabadell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Barcelona Open&lt;/a&gt; Andy Murray.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The top seed and winner of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Kremlin_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Moscow&lt;/a&gt; Svetlana Kuznetsova.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;My impression is that this happens more often at challenger level, for example Martin Kližan at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Poprad-Tatry_ATP_Challenger_Tour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Poprad-Tatry&lt;/a&gt; or Denis Kudla at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Savannah_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Savannah&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do players with high ranking actually need wild card? Is it only in cases of late entry?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T23:11:36.897" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T23:11:36.897" Title="Why are there wildcards for players which could get direct entry into a tournament?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15888" CreationDate="2017-04-09T15:29:53.370" Score="0" ViewCount="5756" Body="&lt;p&gt;Okay so everyone, how can I draw a knockout fixture of matches of 24 teams? As the number of teams are even so there has to be no bye given. Also I do not require any seeding. Can someone please come with any ideas? &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kzD9D.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;This is how I did &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13157" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T08:12:23.900" Title="Drawing knockout(single elimination) fixtures" Tags="|football|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2017-04-09T17:06:05.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't. You can do a single elimination knockout without byes &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; if the number of teams is an exact power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc). With 24 teams, you've got to have a bye somewhere; the simplest solution in your case is just too have 8 byes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T17:06:05.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2017-04-09T17:32:45.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the answer to the question. &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmyng.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All credit to Philip Kendall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13157" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T17:32:45.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14151" CreationDate="2017-04-09T23:25:18.473" Score="4" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Counterexample&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before going deep in details I would like to give a demonstrative counter-example from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0b0Tn4Z1wow?t=1m37s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;goal scored&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;em&gt;UEFA Euro 2012 qualifiers match Azerbaijan 1 - 0 Turkey&lt;/em&gt;, where 2 players jump over the ball and leave the shot for the third player. This specific type of corner kick set play is very famous in Azerbaijan and is called &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;5 qəpik&amp;quot; (5 cents)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;                                &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0b0Tn4Z1wow?t=1m37s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9pLXL.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Aze - Tur&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0b0Tn4Z1wow?t=1m37s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The corner kick taker is &lt;em&gt;#4 Mahir Shukurov&lt;/em&gt;, the 1st player who jumps over the ball is &lt;em&gt;#7 Vagif Javadov&lt;/em&gt;, and the 2nd player jumping over the ball is &lt;em&gt;#17 Vüqar Nadirov&lt;/em&gt;. As you can see from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2012/matches/round=15171/match=2002136/postmatch/statistics/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stats in official match report from UEFA&lt;/a&gt;, the corner kick taker &lt;em&gt;#4 Mahir Shukurov&lt;/em&gt; is awarded the assist, not one of the jumpers. (Which makes sense to me, because simply you can't distribute the assists to all of the players jumping over the ball: imagine 9 players doing that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Details&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defining the assistant of the goal is up to specific tournament and organisation that holds this tournament. Mostly, only if number of assists matters, the assist stats are kept officially by the organisers. &lt;em&gt;(e.g FIFA World Cup Golden Boot award is awarded to the top goalscorer, and assists play a role when two or more players are equal on goals scored)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recording assists is nowhere mentioned in the &lt;em&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/em&gt;, but there are some guidelines by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/official-documents/development/technical-study-group-reports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Technical Study Group&lt;/a&gt;. Last time those guidelines were explicitly stated in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/00/fwc_mexico_1986_en_part4_279.pdf#page=13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official report&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;1990 FIFA World Cup Italy:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.The player who was the last to pass to the eventual goalscorer receives an assist point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;2.&lt;/s&gt; In the event that the penultimate pass may have decisively influenced the play leading up to the goal, the player who executed&#xA;this pass may also be allocated an assist point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;3.&lt;/s&gt; The player whose shot led to the rebound that enabled the goalscorer to successfully complete the action is also granted an&#xA;assist point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;4.&lt;/s&gt; Where goals resulting from penalties are concerned, the player who is fouled in the area receives an assist point (unless, that is, the&#xA;player who is fouled subsequently executes the penalty himself.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.For goals which are the result of solo efforts (dribbling runs, etc .) no assist points are given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.No assist point is allocated in those cases where a goal is scored as the result of a mistake made by the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules are old and in modern competitions even the rules from 2nd, 3rd and 4th paragraphs mentioned above tend not to be applied. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf#page=171&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official report&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;2014 FIFA World Cup Brasil&lt;/em&gt; it's only dryly stated that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA Technical Study Group, which was represented at each match,&#xA;decides whether an assist is to be counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T10:22:08.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-10T10:53:30.647" Score="4" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxers compete within weight classes that specify the range within which a boxer's body-weight may lie. But boxers (particularly those close to a weight class boundary) can presumably increase or decrease their weight to fall in at least two different classes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question has the following parts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what principles do a boxer/trainer use to determine which weight class to aim for? Do boxers tend to aim to loose weight and make the class below, or beef-up to enter the higher weight class?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what is the rationale behind this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastEditorUserId="10322" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T11:08:36.370" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T07:19:50.730" Title="Choosing a boxing weight class" Tags="|training|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-10T12:14:10.550" Score="4" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;In squash, after throwing the ball in the air, the serving player becomes off balance and makes no attempt to strike the ball. Is this a fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13163" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T13:06:25.597" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T13:06:25.597" Title="Going off balance and not making an attempt to hit during serve in squash. Is it a fault?" Tags="|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15896" CreationDate="2017-04-10T12:22:21.637" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per section 4.3 under the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ussquash.com/officiate/online-rules/#Service&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules of service in squash as laid out by US Squash&lt;/a&gt;, the serve is not counted as a fault if the server makes no attempt to strike the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.3&lt;/strong&gt; To serve, a player shall release the ball from either a hand or the racket and then strike it. Should the player make no attempt to strike it after that release, the player shall release the ball again for that service. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T12:22:21.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15885" CreationDate="2017-04-10T17:48:18.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After checking &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170410174456/http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) I found out that there are indeed restrictions for high ranked players which disallow them playing at challenger level without receiving a wild card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is quote of the relevant section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.07 Play-Up Regulation (ATP Challenger Tour Tournaments)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. Restrictions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Players positioned 1-10 in the Emirates ATP Rankings twenty-one (21) days prior to the first Monday of the ATP Challenger Tour tournament are prohibited from entering, accepting a wild card and/or competing in an ATP Challenger Tour tournament.&#xA;  Players who would have been, had they and all other players entered, a direct acceptance on the original acceptance list for a Grand Slam are prohibited from entering, accepting a wild card and/or competing in an ATP Challenger Tour tournament in the first week of the Grand Slam tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Players positioned 11-50 in the Emirates ATP Rankings twenty-one (21) days&#xA;  prior to the first Monday of the ATP Challenger Tour tournament are prohibited&#xA;  from entering but may receive an ATP-approved wild card in order to compete&#xA;  in the Challenger tournament. The Challenger Supervisor will make wild card&#xA;  determinations consistent with the limitations outlined below. Players positioned 11-50 are also prohibited from entering, accepting a wild card or competing in ATP Challenger Tour tournaments that offer less than $75,000/€64,000 in on-site prize money plus Hospitality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) ATP Challenger Tour tournaments scheduled the same week as an ATP World&#xA;  Tour tournament may offer wild cards to players positioned 11-50 in the Emirates&#xA;  ATP Rankings who have received approval from the ATP on-site Supervisor according to the following breakdown:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $150,000/€127,000 in prize money up to (2) two wild cards&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $125,000/€106,000 in prize money up to (2) one wild card&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $100,000/€85,000 in prize money up to (1) one wild card&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $75,000/€64,000 in prize money plus Hospitality up to (1) one wild card&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $75,000*/€64,000* in prize money no wild card&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  *Plus Hospitality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) ATP Challenger Tour tournaments not scheduled in the same week as ATP World&#xA;  Tour tournaments, or during the 2nd week of a Grand Slam, ATP World Tour Masters 1000 Miami and Indian Wells, may offer wild cards to players positioned 11-50 in the Emirates ATP Rankings who have received approval from the ATP on-site Supervisor according to the following breakdown:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $150,000/€127,000 in prize money up to (4) four wild cards&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $125,000/€106,000 in prize money up to (4) four wild cards&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $100,000/€85,000 in prize money up to (3) three wild cards&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $75,000/€64,000 in prize money plus Hospitality up to (2) two wild cards&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  $75,000*/€64,000*in prize money no wild card&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  *Plus Hospitality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will ad also link to this blog post from 2015, which analyses success rate of Top 50 players in challengers: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/2015/10/20/benoit-paire-and-overqualified-challenger-contenders/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benoit Paire and Overqualified Challenger Contenders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T00:39:32.497" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T00:39:32.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15886" CreationDate="2017-04-11T00:09:36.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of challenger tournaments, this might be related to the restrictions for players with Top 50 ranking, see here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15885/do-high-ranked-players-need-wild-card-to-play-a-challenger-tournament&quot;&gt;Do high ranked players need wild card to play a Challenger tournament?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise it is most likely related to late entries, as confirmed also &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15886/why-are-there-wildcards-for-players-which-could-get-direct-entry-into-a-tourname?noredirect=1&amp;amp;lq=1#comment25292_15886&quot;&gt;by jamauss' comment&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the relevant rule from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170410174456/http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.03 Entry Deadlines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5) Late Entries.&#xA;  Any player who submits an entry after the deadline may only be accepted into the singles main draw as a wild card, qualifier, or as a special exempt (if eligible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:25.270" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T00:09:36.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-11T01:12:10.513" Score="-2" ViewCount="4207" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the situation we experienced in Little League baseball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The bases are loaded and the batter hits the ball down the third base line. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All the base runners advance and score.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But as the batter is reaching home plate, the outfielder throws the ball and it bounces off the ground and hits the batter in the leg.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They called the batter out. Why???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13170" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T08:07:25.913" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T08:07:25.913" Title="Is the runner hit by the ball out or safe?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15895" CreationDate="2017-04-11T07:19:50.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say the perfect is to be right below the Upper limit for a certain weight category. Thus all your opponents will weight less so you can use your weight for the advantages like taking hits/giving k.o.'s and especially clinching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For every boxer it is important to keep balance between muscle weight and speed. Usually if you gain a lot of weight (muscle weight of course) you are getting slower. And vice Versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this is very simplified and depends where an individual boxer can show the highest results. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13172" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T07:19:50.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15912" CreationDate="2017-04-11T14:32:59.100" Score="4" ViewCount="4917" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most team sports, only 1 player is awarded an assist for a score. However in hockey up to two players are awarded with an assist per goal. What is the reasoning behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T15:22:24.360" LastActivityDate="2022-05-07T01:15:10.600" Title="Why does NHL award assists to 2 players?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15915" CreationDate="2017-04-11T17:48:55.017" Score="5" ViewCount="2184" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking back at Rio 2016, how great was Wayde van Niekerks win in the 400m sprint? Not only running the fastest time ever but doing it from lane 8? How much more extraordinary is the feat seeing as it came from such a lane?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T15:42:24.323" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T15:42:24.323" Title="How extrordinary is it to win a 400 meter race from lane 8?" Tags="|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15905" CreationDate="2017-04-11T19:11:16.393" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't call it that unlikely because you are still running the same distance. But 2 things that work against you is that 1) You were probably in lane 8 because you were the slowest person that qualified for the final race and 2) You aren't really chasing anyone so you have to be able to run all out as soon as the starting gun fires. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13176" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T19:11:16.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15843" CreationDate="2017-04-11T19:15:47.657" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case the starting pitcher would be the winning pitcher because he would get credits for all of the runs scored while he was still in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13176" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T19:15:47.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15910" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-12T11:05:08.210" Score="2" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play with the same people five days a week in a private Golf club. We play two better balls of a foursome, one in a threesome, paying Front, Back &amp;amp; Overall.&#xA;The same few people get most of the points every day, yet they post their scores faithfully every day .&#xA;Obviously the GHIN System isn't working for us. Is there any other way of knowing a player potential? Is there another way of keeping score for our Golf group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13184" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T13:46:42.507" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T13:46:42.507" Title="Is there another way of keeping score for our Golf group?" Tags="|golf|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15910" CreationDate="2017-04-12T12:01:30.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any other way of knowing a player potential? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would separate the groups and play as individuals in X-somes from time to time. Playing better ball would &quot;mask&quot; a golfer's weakness, especially if one golfer consistently gets the better ball in his/her group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there another way of keeping score for our Golf group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly unaware of how &quot;official&quot; systems work (ie, GHIN looks official with respect to recording scores and calculating handicap), I would suggest the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stableford&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stableford&lt;/a&gt; scoring system for your group (playing as individuals). Stableford rewards better scores insofar that they have a greater reward than the penalty worse scores possess. &quot;Player potential&quot; would be observed through weighing the ratio of rewards and penalties the stableford system provides. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike stroke play, birdies are hard enough to come by but scoring a 10 on the hole isn't...at least for the casual golfer. A 10 among otherwise good golf would be weighed down in stroke play, but not necessarily in stableford.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need an &quot;official&quot; way to calculate handicap, perhaps stroke play can be recorded on the side. That would be a lot to keep track of, but this would freshen up the scoring among your group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T12:07:04.800" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:07:04.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15904" CreationDate="2017-04-12T12:52:39.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no clear reasoning behind this ruling.  To base my answer, I have read the following article which talks a lot about the &quot;second assist rule&quot; and why it is believed to exist.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jacketscannon.com/2015/5/26/8652393/the-second-assist-statistic-or-gift&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Second Assist: Statistic or Gift&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting a second assist on a goal can be rewarding if you are not a typical playmaker.  For example, you could take a defensive-minded player who racks up second assists by tipping pucks to the net and barely making nice passes.  All that is from hard work and somewhat luck.  In the other hand, you could take Nicklas Backstrom who racks up 60 assists per year on a consistent basis.  Yes he does play with Ovechkin and they have an undeniable chemistry on ice, but we will both agree that he gets mostly &quot;first assist&quot; and not second assists.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To comeback to the difference between hockey and any other sports, I cannot really answer you with anything specific but say it's the rule and has been for years.  Who decided it? I have no idea...  But it does arise problems when you think about players who get a lot of first assists compared to players who get a lot of second assists.  The total number of points in a season would remarkably be different.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:52:39.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15913" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15914" CreationDate="2017-04-12T13:55:42.977" Score="1" ViewCount="1544" Body="&lt;p&gt;So let's say, for the sake of the question, that the player being traded is Clayton Kershaw.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation:&lt;/strong&gt;  Kershaw is selected as the NL's starter in the All Star Game.  Couple of days before the All Star Game, the Dodgers shock the nation and trade Kershaw to the Yankees.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;  Does Kershaw still start for the NL?  Does he start for the AL?  Does he not start, but still play for the AL?  &lt;strong&gt;What happens in this situation, in terms of him and his All Star Status?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T14:29:14.033" Title="Traded right before the All Star Game?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15913" CreationDate="2017-04-12T14:06:05.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened to Jeff Samardzija for the 2014 MLB All-Star Game&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/story/all-star-game-selections-target-field-derek-jeter-final-appearance-070614&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, though he was not selected as a starter&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/events/all_star/y2014/roster/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was traded from the Cubs (an NL team) to the A's (an AL team) just before the all-star rosters were announced. Samardzija was selected as a NL all-star as a member of the Cubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does he ... play for the AL? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens in this situation, in terms of him and his All Star Status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The league switch rendered him ineligible to pitch for the All-Star Game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB addresses the scenario in greater detail &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/186521326/how-reserves-are-picked-for-mlb-all-star-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What if a selected player gets traded to a team in the opposite league before the All-Star Game?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This happened to Jeff Samardzija in 2014, when the Cubs dealt him to the A's. In such a scenario, the player is deemed ineligible to participate in the game but is still recognized as an All-Star for the original league. In Samardzija's case, he wore a generic NL jersey and All-Star Game cap for the pregame player introductions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, he's still an NL all-star, but isn't able to play in the All-Star Game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does [he] still start for the NL? Does he start for the AL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he was selected to start, his ineligibility alone would render him unable to start for either team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T14:29:14.033" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T14:29:14.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15905" CreationDate="2017-04-12T15:41:22.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to quantify the effect of lane placement in the 200m and 400m (the sprint races which require running bends) because there are competing factors in place. A victory from lane 8, like Van Niekirk's, is indeed extraordinary, but that race was perhaps more extraordinary because he broke a longstanding world record, without apparently planning to do so, and dominated a high-quality field. (That is, the run would have been extraordinary regardless of the assigned lane.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bare differences between the lanes are twofold: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, because the bends cause a full lap in each lane to be different lengths (i.e. finish-to-finish in lane 2 is longer than lane 1), the 200m and 400m are run with a staggered start (i.e. outer lanes start farther up the track in order to run the same distance). This means until the race reaches the final homestretch, and the stagger is &quot;unwound&quot;, runners in inner lanes can see runners outside them without turning their head very much. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second, the geometry of the track means the turn on inner lanes are sharper than those in outer lanes. This means the physiology and running mechanics of taking the bend is slightly different for runners in each lane. (The difference is magnified on 200m indoor tracks, which is partly why many such tracks are banked.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first difference is generally considered to be an advantage to the runner on the inside, i.e. lane 1 has the most advantage and lane 8 the least. This is generally why people consider Van Niekerk's lane draw remarkable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second difference, on the other hand, is mixed. The inner-most lanes (1, 2, and sometimes 3) are considered technically more difficult than the outer lanes, which have gentler turns; the wider sweep of the outer lanes means an athlete can put more energy into moving forward instead of turning their momentum. Individual runners' physiology and form can mitigate this problem; for example, Usain Bolt's long stride would theoretically be hampered by the inside lanes, but Bolt has also compensated for this by apparently developing very good form for the curve. So in theory the inside lane is disadvantaged and the outside advantaged by this, but in practice it varies. (This is why tracks with a full 9 lanes will run sprint races in 2-9 rather than 1-8.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This, incidentally, is also why 4x100m relay teams sometimes put their fastest runners on the 1st or 3rd legs rather than the last, &quot;anchor&quot; leg - because starting from the blocks and running the bends are very specialized skills, and teams can pick up some advantage by putting runners who excel at those skills on those legs rather than on the anchor.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with Van Niekerk as one &quot;exceptional&quot; lane 8 runner, it's worth also remembering two similarly exceptional lane 1 runners: both Angelo Taylor and John Akii-Bua won gold medals in the 400m hurdles from lane 1, with Akii-Bua, like Van Niekerk, setting a world record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of lane, however, it's clear that Van Niekerk is an extraordinary talent with excellent coaching and support to enable such a run. If the 2016 gold-medal run is not the peak of his career, I can't imagine what he will do to top it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T15:41:22.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-12T15:50:25.013" Score="4" ViewCount="2076" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do sports teams like baseball, football, and basketball wear white uniforms when they play a home game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13186" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T16:48:52.167" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T16:58:50.033" Title="Why do many sports teams seem to wear white jerseys when they play a home game?" Tags="|equipment|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15916" CreationDate="2017-04-12T16:47:37.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do sports teams like baseball, football, and basketball wear white uniforms when they play a home game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, because they're addressed in the rules. More practically, it's to distinguish two teams from one another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the MLB, the home team wearing white uniforms may be required based on the league said team is in. This is addressed in Rule 3.03(d) of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 MLB rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A league may provide that each team shall&#xA;  wear a distinctive uniform at all times, or that each team shall&#xA;  have two sets of uniforms, &lt;strong&gt;white for home games&lt;/strong&gt; and a different&#xA;  color for road games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the NBA, although the home team wearing white uniforms is not a requirement, it does require said team to wear light-colored uniforms. This is addressed in Rule 3, Section VI of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-2016 NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;home team shall wear light color jerseys&lt;/strong&gt;, and the visitors dark&#xA;  jerseys unless otherwise approved. For neutral court games and&#xA;  doubleheaders, the second team named in the official schedule shall be&#xA;  regarded as the home team and shall wear the light colored jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the FIBA, although the home team wearing white uniforms is not a requirement, it does require said team to wear light-colored uniforms (and explicitly prefers white). This is addressed in Rule 4.3.3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.com/en/Module/c9dad82f-01af-45e0-bb85-ee4cf50235b4/1faaa885-7478-4f87-ae5a-45b2c5939e96&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 FIBA Rules of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The first team named in the programme &lt;strong&gt;(home team) shall wear light-coloured&#xA;  shirts (preferably white)&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the IFAB, the home team wearing white (or light-colored) uniforms is not a requirement. However, it does require both teams to wear distinct colors from one another. This is addressed in Law 4, Section 3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/79/92/44/laws.of.the.game.2016.2017_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017 IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other&#xA;  and the match officials &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T16:58:50.033" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T16:58:50.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15904" CreationDate="2017-04-12T18:49:55.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are conflicting reports with respect to when officially recording assists began. Most sources say 1918-1919&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tmlfever.com/TheGame.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/nhl/gallery/the-19-biggest-rule-changes-in-nhl-history-031715&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, though assists were recorded before then as seen in Hockey Reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were many NHL rule changes in the 1930's regarding the assist&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://hfboards.hockeysfuture.com/showthread.php?t=1918187&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1931-32 - &quot;An assist may not be credited however to a player unless the act of assistance took place within the defending zone of the opposing team.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1933-34 - &quot;When a goal is scored an assist shall be&#xA;credited to any player taking part in the play leading up to the&#xA;scoring of the goal, provided that no player from the opposing side&#xA;shall have touched the puck during the course of such play.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1936-37 - Assists were limited to two per goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1937-38 - &quot;When a player scores a goal, an assist shall be credited to any player taking part in the play leading up to to the scoring of the goal provided that such play takes place only in the half of the rink nearest the goal scored on and provided no player on the opposing side shall have touched the puck during the course of such play. No more than two assists can be given on any one play.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, assists were played around with heavily during this period of time. Ultimately, it was decided that there could be no more than two assists per goal and they can only take place in the half nearest where the goal was scored, given no opposing player touches the puck during the play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 1945, the NHL changed their rules to only allow one assist per goal&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Un4tAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;sjid=ApkFAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;pg=4300%2C2760007&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Assists dropped for the 1945-1946 NHL season&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/leagues/NHL_1946_leaders.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Unfortunately, the rest of &lt;a href=&quot;http://hfboards.hockeysfuture.com/showthread.php?t=1595781&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt; enters the realm of speculation and no objective follow-up is made, but the &lt;em&gt;potential&lt;/em&gt; reasons the one assist rule wasn't received well were because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It affected the stats of top players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Writers were complaining about players being denied assists.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There was importance toward whoever initiated the play that led to a goal, and removing the second assist may not recognize such. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually, the one assist rule was lifted, and that is roughly evident through the increase of assists the following seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*h/t to Canadiens1958 of HF Boards for doing the research on this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T18:49:55.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15919" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15920" CreationDate="2017-04-12T21:34:34.093" Score="2" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edmonton Oilers&lt;/a&gt; advanced the NHL playoffs this season (2016-17) for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Edmonton_Oilers_seasons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the first time since the 05-06 season&lt;/a&gt; when they reached the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup Final&lt;/a&gt;. So given the 11 year hiatus, I'm wondering if there are any current Oilers who also played for them the last time they made the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or equivalently, are there any players on the Oilers roster who have played in the playoffs for the Oilers before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T10:00:50.610" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T18:43:33.630" Title="Has any player on the Edmonton Oilers roster (16-17 season) played a postseason game as an Oiler before this season?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|stanley-cup|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15919" CreationDate="2017-04-13T00:16:00.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Eberle has the longest tenure with the Oilers with 7 seasons played, but as you mentioned before, it has been an eleven year hiatus. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With an eleven year drought, the only eligible members on the roster who could be in the league are as follows (I've included their age at the last time Edmonton got into the playoffs along with when they joined the NHL):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matt Hendricks, 24, entered NHL in 08-09, COL&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jonas Gustavson, 21, 09-10, TOR &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mark Letestu, 20,  09-10, PIT &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David Desharnais, 19, 09-10, MTL &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Benoit Pouliot, 19, 06-07, MIN&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andrej Sekera, 19, 06-07, BUF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mark Fayne, 18, 10-11, NJD&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kris Russell, 18, 07-08, CBJ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cam Talbot, 18, 13-14, NYR&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastEditorUserId="13146" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T18:43:33.630" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T18:43:33.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15865" CreationDate="2017-04-13T17:18:06.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are essentially asking for two contradictory things. You want a single-elimination system where (1) there is a winner of each match, so that there is an opponent for the next round, and (2) there is no winner of the match. You need to decide which factor is more important to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the options that I see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it's most important that there be a winner of the match, then you need to decide on a &quot;tiebreaker&quot; that determines who wins, or otherwise award one of the players the win even though you don't really want to.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it's most important that there be a player for the next round, but you really don't want it to be one of the players that was disqualified in the current round, then you need to decide on some sort of &quot;tiebreaker&quot; to determine somebody who moves forward in that slot despite not being one of the original players. For example, it may be that the highest-scoring non-disqualified loser of that round ends up with a &quot;wild card&quot; of sorts and ends up paired in the next round, despite having lost their &quot;own&quot; match. This of course doesn't really help if your double-loss happens in the final round, and could lead to some weird cases especially if double-losses are common and you run out of &quot;wild cards&quot;. (Plus, it's probably just going to be confusing for everybody.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it's most important that there be no winner, then you need to just accept that nobody moves on for that round, and the next round opponent gets a bye. (And it will be really unsatisfying for everybody if it happens in the final round, to end a tournament with no winner and two &quot;finalists&quot;.) For what it's worth (just because this is the game which I'm most familiar with the tournaments of, or at least I used to be), for competitive tournaments in the &lt;em&gt;Magic: the Gathering&lt;/em&gt; card game, if an event is single-elimination, and both players lose due to a match-loss penalty resulting in a double-loss, this is the way it's handled and the next round opponent gets a bye. I'm not aware of this ever having happened in practice, as both match-loss penalties and single-elimination tournaments are rather rare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really, for any tournament with matches more complicated than results that are clearly &quot;win&quot; or &quot;loss&quot;, you want to look for alternatives to elimination bracket formats. Elimination-format tournaments don't deal well with anything beyond winning and losing, such as ties, double-losses, ranking based on score, or players withdrawing. If you want a format where people can earn (for example) 0 for loss, 1 for tie, or 2 for win, where each player could get any of those values, you want something like Swiss or Round Robin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if I could expand for a bit beyond what you're directly asking, it sounds like your actual problem is trying to find the right method of including &quot;penalties&quot; in your matches. This has been handled in many different ways by different games, and it's probably worth looking at a few. For your particular issue, perhaps you want to allow for double-hits to count as a point (or half a point?) for both players, but not allow it to count for a player for which it would then award a win (or within &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; points of winning). Or perhaps a double-hit gives some kind of &quot;strike&quot; separate from the score, which is used for tiebreaking, seeding, invites to future events, or just plain public shaming but doesn't directly impact the result of that particular match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user11569" LastEditorDisplayName="user11569" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T20:20:01.980" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T20:20:01.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15576" CreationDate="2017-04-13T19:18:25.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL specifically forbids this with their CBA and Salary cap system. Teams can not trade &quot;cash&quot; they can only trade players and draft picks. Nhl teams can retain a players salary but only to a maximum of 50% of salary can be retained. &#xA;I am unfamiliar with other sports or hockey prior to this agreement. &#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://cdn.agilitycms.com/nhlpacom/PDF/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL CBA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T19:18:25.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15795" CreationDate="2017-04-14T05:37:47.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So the best odds to find this statistic is to look at the games that ended in a 0-0 tie or went into the 4th quarter without scoring. This way you know that the either team hasn't scored for a good majority of the game, meaning that the odds are much better that there have bee numerous interceptions before the first score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been 73 games that have ended in a 0-0 tie, and the last one to happen was in 1943 with the New York Giants and the Detroit Lions. I observed a list of all NFL games that ended in a tie game, but the team stats for those games are only held back until 1935. There were two games that had 7 interceptions in them, but the game still ended in a tie. October 1 1939, Washington Redskins vs. New York Giants and the other was the Detroit Lions vs. Chicago Cardinals on September 15, 1940. The way the NFL's offense used to be run is not as dominant as it is now. Tie games in the 40s were very prevalent. But, once the formation of the offensive line changed then the tie games became very scarce. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also researched games that games that went late into the game before scoring. November 27 2007, the Steelers beat the Dolphins 3-0 by a field goal with 17 seconds left. Although, there was only one interception in this game. The low scoring games I looked at didn't nearly have 7 interceptions, but that game went scoreless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This link  below (I'm not sure if you already looked this website up) is a vey good site for finding NFL statistics. It has statistics dating back to the 1920's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T05:37:47.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15537" CreationDate="2017-04-14T05:50:19.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well during a putt you actually want to keep your weight on your toes not your heels. I find myself falling away from putts as they go into the hole when I play a round/ tournament. When making a putt you want to keep your head down as long as possible and be as calm and still as possible. You will notice that during these 10 foot putts golfers don't move their head up until the ball is nearly in the hole. So once they finally move their head up to see the ball their swing has been fully initiated and moving is no longer a concern. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I find myself falling back after a putt, I figured out it's mainly a habit. This habit is obviously common among golfers.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T05:50:19.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15929" CreationDate="2017-04-14T11:57:05.843" Score="8" ViewCount="4494" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are transgender people allowed to play tennis on the WTA &amp;amp; ATP tours as their non-original gender? I know that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Richards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Renee Richards&lt;/a&gt; was the first one to play at a Grand Slam, about 20 years ago. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the rulebook accept deny entry currently for people who have changed sex? Are the rules different on ITF &amp;amp; ATP/WTA circuit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this question can be asked of any sport, but I am restricting it to tennis only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T08:57:34.657" LastActivityDate="2018-09-12T21:22:34.677" Title="Are transgender people allowed to play tennis on the WTA/ATP tour?" Tags="|tennis|atp|wta|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15928" CreationDate="2017-04-14T12:00:58.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;WTA&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, male to female transitions can participate under a set of conditions with respect to gender identity, hormonal treatment, and testosterone levels. Female to male transitions cannot participate if they are going through hormonal treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;WTA defines this in their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/AboutTheTour/wta_gender_participation_policy.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gender Participation Policy&lt;/a&gt;, most recently updated in December 2016:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following guidelines set forth the eligibility of entry into and&#xA;  participation of transgender players in WTA Tournaments: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A) A player&#xA;  who transitions from male to female (also known as a trans female&#xA;  (MTF)) is eligible to enter into and participate in WTA Tournaments&#xA;  under the following conditions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;i. The player has declared that her&#xA;    gender identity is female. The declaration cannot be changed, for&#xA;    purposes of entry into any WTA Tournament, for a minimum of four (4)&#xA;    years. 2 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ii. The player undergoes hormonal treatment for gender&#xA;    transition and demonstrates that her total testosterone level in serum&#xA;    has been below 10 nmol/L for at least twelve (12) months prior to her&#xA;    first WTA Tournament (with the requirement for any longer period to be&#xA;    based on a confidential, case-by-case evaluation, considering whether&#xA;    or not twelve (12) months is a sufficient length of time to minimize&#xA;    any advantage during competition). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;iii. The player's total&#xA;    testosterone level in serum must remain below 10 nmol/L throughout the&#xA;    period of desired eligibility to enter into and participate in any WTA&#xA;    Tournament. iv. Compliance with these conditions may be monitored by&#xA;    testing, which testing shall be administered in WTA’s sole discretion&#xA;    based on standards of reasonableness and fairness and in consultation&#xA;    with physicians and medical experts. In the event of non-compliance,&#xA;    the player’s eligibility for competition in WTA Tournaments will be&#xA;    suspended for twelve (12) months. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B)  A player who transitions from female to male (also known as a trans male (FTM)) is not eligible&#xA;  to enter into or participate in any WTA Tournaments if he is undergoing hormonal treatment&#xA;  for gender transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;ATP&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The policy in the ATP is less clear as it's not specifically addressed in the way the WTA addresses the matter (that I could find). This is addressed in &quot;Entries&quot; in rule 7.02 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 ATP Official Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gender / Age Limitation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ATP will use the age of a player on the first (1st) day of the qualifying competition.&#xA;  Male players age sixteen (16) or older are not limited in the number of tournaments&#xA;  they may enter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the Foreword under the &quot;Exhibits&quot; section, it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: Except where otherwise stated, every reference in these Rules of Tennis to the&#xA;  masculine includes the feminine gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if this means females are included as males, or because since mixed doubles rules are covered in the document, females and males are both referred to in the same manner (ie, s/he).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;ITF&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transitions before puberty are recognized as the latter gender (ie, if an individual transitions from female to male before puberty, said individual will be recognized as male).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transitions after puberty are eligible to participate in male or female competitions respectively with respect to surgery, legal gender identity, verifiable hormonal therapy, and two years after a gonadectomy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ITF goes into this in Appendix A of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/253215/253215.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 ITF Pro Circuit Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any individuals undergoing sex reassignment from male to female before&#xA;  puberty are regarded as girls and women (female), while those&#xA;  undergoing reassignment from female to male are regarded as boys and&#xA;  men (male). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Individuals undergoing sex reassignment from male to&#xA;  female after puberty (and the converse) are eligible for participation&#xA;  in female or male competitions, respectively, under the following&#xA;  conditions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;a. Surgical anatomical changes have been completed,&#xA;    including external genitalia changes and gonadectomy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;b. Legal&#xA;    recognition of their assigned sex has been conferred by the&#xA;    appropriate official authorities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;c. Hormonal therapy appropriate for&#xA;    the assigned sex has been administered in a verifiable manner and for&#xA;    a sufficient length of time to minimise genderrelated advantages in&#xA;    sport competitions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;d. Eligibility should begin no sooner than two&#xA;    years after gonadectomy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T12:44:34.237" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T12:44:34.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15576" CreationDate="2017-04-14T16:39:16.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A strategy that is used around the NFL is to trade salary cap dollars for a draft pick. It's not purchasing a draft pick for straight up cash, but most of the time when this tactic used the price of the draft pick runs high due to having to buy draft picks for a large amount of salary cap money. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good example of this is what almost happened to Tony Romo (before he became CBS number one broadcaster). The Broncos were willing to take on Romo's contract and take the money out of their salary cap. The Cowboys could've received a number of draft picks for this deal, but we all know what happened with Romo. So the Cowboys were trying to leverage other teams with their quarterback, hoping to get another NFL player, or even a high draft pick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can checkout the two links below, the first discusses the policy of trading salary cap space, and the second talks about a trading situation that almost occurred in Philadelphia. So this isn't giving straight up cash for a draft pick, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1529758-should-nfl-teams-be-allowed-to-trade-salary-cap-space&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1529758-should-nfl-teams-be-allowed-to-trade-salary-cap-space&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballperspective.com/trading-salary-cap-dollars-for-draft-picks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.footballperspective.com/trading-salary-cap-dollars-for-draft-picks/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thesixersense.com/2017/02/22/nba-trade-rumorsblazers-offer-philadelphia-76ers-jahlil-okafor/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://thesixersense.com/2017/02/22/nba-trade-rumorsblazers-offer-philadelphia-76ers-jahlil-okafor/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The salaries have to match up for a trade to go through. While draft picks can &gt;be used as a non-value aspect to account for missing salary, it’s tough to &gt;justify the draft picks the Sixers would give up in a trade being worth a cash &gt;disparity of more than $10 million a year.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  As for the NBA, this small quote gives a great example of how the NBA's policy. A money for player trade or money for draft pick trade are considered 'cash considerations'. These are very rare because of the NBA's cap rules. There still are teams that sell their draft picks though.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T16:39:16.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2017-04-14T21:49:56.647" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last answer is true.the only way a base runner would be out is if he or she is hit with the ball off the hitters bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13192" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T21:49:56.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5593" CreationDate="2017-04-15T06:58:06.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I used to airsoft in cold weather instead of a beanie I would wear a facemask. One that looks like you're robbing a bank. I used to wear this same facemask for when I went snowboarding. A lot of times this face mask kept me too warm. So even if you are wearing a thin thermal, this face mask will do the job for protection and warmth. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.celtek.com/categories/mens/facemasks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is a snowboard brand that makes some pretty cool face masks. I have one from this company and they keep me warm through any weather, and you have to admit they look pretty sick!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-15T17:37:56.713" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T17:37:56.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15934" CreationDate="2017-04-15T10:07:35.733" Score="8" ViewCount="2562" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-legged_tie&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;two-legged ties&lt;/a&gt; there exists a phenomenon called &lt;em&gt;&quot;second leg home advantage&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Many managers, players and commentators believe that if the second match of a tie is played on one team's field then they have slightly better chances to win the tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA also believes in this phenomenon, because e.g in the round of 16 of the Champions League the teams winning their group stages are playing their second game against group runners-up at home, so that group winners have more chances to win the tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question is, does the second leg home advantage phenomenon exist and is it statistically justified?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-15T10:17:39.693" LastActivityDate="2018-05-29T18:45:47.627" Title="Second leg home advantage" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15933" CreationDate="2017-04-15T10:07:35.733" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question has been addressed in the paper by &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410701275219&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Page and Katie Page&lt;/strong&gt; (2007) &lt;strong&gt;'The second leg home advantage: Evidence from European football cup competitions'&lt;/strong&gt;, Journal of Sports Sciences, 25: 14, 1547 — 1556&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The researchers statistically analyzed &lt;strong&gt;12,364&lt;/strong&gt; individual matches from the following competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Champions League (1955 - 2006)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA Cup (&lt;em&gt;previously InterCities Fairs Cup, now Europa League&lt;/em&gt;, 1955 - 2006)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cup Winners Cup (1955 - 1971)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to reduce the effects of the UEFA seeding system allocating the &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;better&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; teams as the second leg home team, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/seasonclub/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA club coefficients&lt;/a&gt; were taken into account in calculations of the probability of the second leg home team winning the tie. The results were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;| Tie-breaker | Prob. of SLHT* winning the tie | Number of ties |&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;|    None     |             53.77%             |      5750      |&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;| Extra time  |             66.42%             |      186       |&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;|  Penalties  |             57.33%             |      148       |&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;|   Overall   |             54.33%             |      6084      |&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;&#xA;*SLHT - Second leg home team&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The probabilities above show us that &lt;em&gt;SLHT&lt;/em&gt;s have slightly better chances for winning the tie, but the following chart illustrates how these probabilities &lt;em&gt;(considering only the ties without tie-breakers)&lt;/em&gt; decreased over time since the beginning of the aforementioned competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4s09U.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4s09U.png&quot; alt=&quot;Lionel Page and Katie Page (2007) 'The second leg home advantage: Evidence from European football cup competitions', Journal of Sports Sciences, 25: 14, 1547 — 1556&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410701275219&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What this paper shows us is that there is a very small second leg home advantage in the ties decided without tie-breakers and a significant advantage in the ties where tie-breakers were used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also another research by &lt;a href=&quot;https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11483/1/tr080.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manuel J.A. Eugster, Jan Gertheiss &amp;amp; Sebastian Kaiser&lt;/strong&gt; (2010) LMU Munich &lt;strong&gt;'Having the Second Leg At Home – Advantage in the UEFA Champions League Knockout Phase?'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, where they analyzed &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;304&lt;/strong&gt; individual matches from the UEFA Champions League (1994 - 2010) also using UEFA club coefficients for removing seeding system disturbance and they concluded that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no statistical evidence for the&#xA;common belief that the chance of winning is higher if a team is&#xA;playing away in the first leg and having the second leg at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, they have proposed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to change UEFA regulations in the sense that in the round of 16 group&#xA;winners do not automatically play at home in the second leg, but may&#xA;choose depending on their individual preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;But, why people do believe in this phenomenon despite poor statistical evidences?&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, perhaps, because when the tied teams are equal they choose &amp;quot;defend away, win at home&amp;quot; strategy, and mainly because of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;away goals rule&lt;/a&gt;. Probably, the general reasoning, as Patrick Kluivert stated, is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people make mistakes and it is better to make your mistakes&#xA;in the first leg away from home because there is still time to put&#xA;things right in the second match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T16:07:23.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15937" CreationDate="2017-04-16T00:29:40.573" Score="3" ViewCount="1333" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Edmonton Oilers scored 2 short-handed goals on San Jose Sharks during the 2nd game of the first round &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16-17 playoffs&lt;/a&gt;. Even though a team on a powerplay has one more skater than the other team, if a team is experiencing what the Sharks did, not accepting a penalty wouldn't be crazy idea to consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So although there isn't any true upside to rejecting a penalty, is it possible for a team to reject a power play? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-16T16:08:02.117" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T02:03:13.643" Title="Can a penalty be declined in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15936" CreationDate="2017-04-16T03:27:43.090" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Penalties are awarded by the officials. Team preference is not a factor; they do not have any input on the decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 15.1, page 25 of the NHL rulebook makes clear that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[if the offender's team has possession] the Referee shall immediately blow his whistle and penalise the offending player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[after a delayed penalty, and the offender's team gains possession], the Referee will blow his whistle to stop play and impose the penalty on the offending player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minor penalties may also be washed put automatically if a delayed penalty leads to a goal by the non-offending team, but this is an artifact of the normal rule applying to delayed penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At no point in any part of the rule is any mention or implication that the offender's opponents may decide the penalty is not served at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T02:03:13.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2017-04-16T20:43:30.363" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner is not out if hit by ball of they running within the base path and thr opposing team was throwing the ball. If hower the ball os hit with the bat and the runner is hit with the ball then they are out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13176" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T20:43:30.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5456" CreationDate="2017-04-17T16:59:46.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add some more insights to the answer that was already given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gaining match practice as a reason to enter as a qualifier&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, I would like to mention that &lt;em&gt;forgetting to sign in for a tournament on-time&lt;/em&gt; is only one reason for top seeds (in the main draw) who play qualifications. There is also another reason: Players sometimes do this on purpose if they want to gain match practice, that is, they want to play as many matches as possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in 2016 Dennis Novak played 4 Futures (more or less) back to back and in each he played qualifications, despite the fact that he would have been top seed in the main draw. I think the excuse that he didn't sign up in time, is not valid in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the draws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tunisia F14 Futures Qualies (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100036734&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uV0xm.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uV0xm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tunisia F14 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100036734&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Main Draw&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PCfkY.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PCfkY.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tunisia F15 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100036735&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Qualies (he lost!)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bFdnB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bFdnB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkey F18 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100037058&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Qualies&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XRUGg.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XRUGg.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkey F18 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100037058&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Main Draw&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K8ujP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K8ujP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkey F19 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100037065&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Qualies&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/391ug.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/391ug.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkey F19 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100037065&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;) Futures Main Draw&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/n4LGq.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/n4LGq.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entrance as a WC into qualies&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also like to stress, that only in Tunisia F14 Futures, Dennis received a Wild Card into the qualifications. For all three other tournaments he entered as a &lt;em&gt;normal&lt;/em&gt; player (without a Wild Card). I am not sure why he needed (?) a Wild Card to play the qualies of Tunisia F14 Futures, because there is also the option to be on-site at the qualifications deadline. In that case (irrespective of your ranking) you can play qualies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After reading the rulebook section regarding entrance into qualifying draws, I am pretty sure that entering via Wild Card is done, when there is the possibility that the Qualifying Draw will be full with regular players. In this case, a &lt;em&gt;top seed player&lt;/em&gt;, who wants to play qualificiations, can only play qualifications with a Wild Card. If the player can be 100% sure that the qualifications draw will NOT be full, he does not need a Wild Card and can enter the qualifications draw as a so called &lt;em&gt;On-Site Alternate&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Top-Seed plays qualies and main draw is already done&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing I would like to note is that usually, if a top-seed, who would be (top) seeded in the main draw, plays qualies, the Main Draw is not made until the qualies are finished. The reason for this is, that the top-seeded qualies player will then be also the top seed in the main draw. However sometimes, the Main Draw is already made before the qualifications are finished. In this case, the person, who would have been the top seed in the main draw, if the organizers would have waited until the qualifications are finished, will just be a regular qualifier. There is a valid chance, that this regular qualifier will play a seed in the first round of the tournament (which is stupid, if you ask me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case will likely happen this week in the Italy F9 Futures (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100039669&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draw&lt;/a&gt;), where Stefanos Tsitsipas (ATP #198) is currently playing qualies, but the Main Draw has already been made. Let's see who he will face in the Main Draw (if he successfully qualifies).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Further Reading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the popular tennisforum Menstennisforums there are some threads related to this phenomenon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/2-general-messages/325537-steve-darcis-has-qualified-just-seeded-no-1-md.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.menstennisforums.com/2-general-messages/325537-steve-darcis-has-qualified-just-seeded-no-1-md.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.menstennisforums.com/2-general-messages/756801-can-top-players-play-qualifying-rounds.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.menstennisforums.com/2-general-messages/756801-can-top-players-play-qualifying-rounds.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="9793" LastEditDate="2017-04-17T21:05:54.400" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T21:05:54.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5176" CreationDate="2017-04-17T18:41:25.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/23/what-happens-to-world-cup-balls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article from The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; says that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In total 3,240 balls were used throughout the tournament &lt;em&gt;(2014 FIFA&#xA;  World Cup Brazil)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;20&lt;/strong&gt; for each match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, &lt;strong&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-ball/chapters/additional-balls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 02 - The Ball: 3. Additional balls&lt;/a&gt; only states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Additional balls which meet the requirements of Law 2 &lt;em&gt;(technical requirements)&lt;/em&gt; may be placed&#xA;  around the field of play and their use is under the referee’s control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side note:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer incorrectly references to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-ball/chapters/replacement-of-a-defective-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 02 - The Ball: 2. Replacement of a &lt;strong&gt;defective&lt;/strong&gt; ball.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball may not be changed during the match without the referee’s&#xA;  permission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following statement applies only to &lt;strong&gt;defective&lt;/strong&gt; balls, as it is written under &lt;em&gt;&quot;Replacement of a defective ball section&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, and it doesn't apply to &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. if suddenly a player realizes that the ball he was playing with is defect, he has to notify the referee first and then change the ball, but if he changes a normal ball during throw-in, there's no need to notify the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:41:58.697" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:41:58.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15948" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15963" CreationDate="2017-04-17T19:37:59.387" Score="3" ViewCount="1974" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Montreal Canadiens vs New York Rangers game on April 16 2017, the referees called an illegal substitution on the Rangers, but strangely not too many men on ice. This happened during the second period as some players were changing shifts. How come this didn't result in a 2 minute minor? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.habseyesontheprize.com/2017/4/16/15321216/canadiens-vs-rangers-top-six-minutes-montreal-takes-bite-the-big-apple-radulov-is-insane-highlights&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is a reference to this incident, I wasn't able to find any other similar occurrence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so I'm wondering what is illegal substitution and when does it happen? How does it correspond to the too many men on ice penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-17T19:53:45.480" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T18:13:01.633" Title="What is the difference between illegal substitution and too many men on ice in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-17T19:49:53.807" Score="4" ViewCount="4801" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the competitively played sports which players use multiple balls at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not counting games that are played in specific regions. Let's say there should be international matches and championships to consider it to be competitive. Also let's not count golf. There are multiple balls, but each player only handles one ball, and players are not allowed to use any other players' ball. Furthermore, lets not consider sports that use multiple balls throughout the game, but in rotation, such that only one ball is used at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-17T22:13:19.310" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T09:41:08.453" Title="Sports with multiple balls" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="12" ClosedDate="2017-04-19T13:46:18.623" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-17T20:53:51.557" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Billiards is a internationally competitive sport which incorporates at most 16 balls in a game. There are other games that can be played on a billiards table such as, seven-ball, eight-ball, nine-ball, ten-ball, cut-throat, straight pool etc. One ball (cue ball) is used to hit other balls (stripes or solids) into the side and corner pockets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T20:53:51.557" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-17T23:12:10.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocce&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bocce&lt;/a&gt; and it's variants. Normally, played on a flat court (13 feet wide, 91 feet in length) with one small ball &lt;em&gt;(called also &lt;strong&gt;jack&lt;/strong&gt;/boccino/pallino)&lt;/em&gt; and each team having 4 big balls. In the simplest variant, there are 2 players/teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Action&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st player throws the jack on the pitch. Then he bowls one of his&#xA;4 balls. Then the 2nd player bowls one of his 4 balls. From then on,&#xA;the side which does not have the ball closest to the jack has a chance&#xA;to bowl, up until one side or the other has used their four balls.&#xA;Then the other side uses its remaining balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Scoring&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team with the closest ball to the jack is the only team that can&#xA;score points in any frame. The scoring team receives one point for&#xA;each of their balls that is closer to the jack than the closest ball&#xA;of the other team. The length of a game varies by region but is&#xA;typically from 7 to 13 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/2hhN6S-1urM?t=52s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; that shows and explains the rules in an easy way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interestingly, I learned this game from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_III&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Assassin's Creed&lt;/a&gt; video game.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T23:12:10.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-18T02:03:21.100" Score="7" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the Bucks win on Saturday, starting Thon Maker and Malcolm Brogdon, I am wondering if another team in NBA history has ever won a playoff game starting 2+ rookie players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13211" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T20:20:26.747" Title="How many NBA teams have won a playoff game starting 2 or more rookies?" Tags="|basketball|nba|records|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-18T03:49:58.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_(sport)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quidditch&lt;/a&gt;? It is a game inspired from a work of fiction, but its rules have been formally defined. there is an international regulatory body for the sport, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Quidditch_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Quidditch Association&lt;/a&gt; and there have been international and regional championships for the sports too, such as the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IQA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having established the validity of Quidditch as a sport, here is how it is a valid answer to your question. Quidditch is played using 5 balls at the same time. One quaffle, three bludgers and one snitch. The snitch typically comes into play after a certain amount of time has elapsed, so at any time, at least 4 four balls are in play at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T03:49:58.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-18T07:22:32.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/gymnastics-rhythmic/group-all-around-competition&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group all-around competition speciality&lt;/a&gt; involves the use of more than one ball (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUzb8yYecEE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; a video of WC 2012).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In individual competition each athlete use one &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(rhythmic_gymnastics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rubber ball&lt;/a&gt;, while during the group there are more balls on the floor area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T07:22:32.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13922" CreationDate="2017-04-18T07:26:18.123" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of the big 4 only 3 sports gets a trophy and only one. That goes to the owner. With the exception of NHL. As stated above about the cup. This why the players in all 4 sports get rings. There are no replicas awarded to players or coaches ect. &#xA;However the players can custom order a replica from its maker or someone that specializes in sports awards. They aren't cheap. But pro sports players can afford it. The most expensive trophy other than the cup is the WS trophy. Ben Z now with Cubs got one for the KC WS. Not sure if he got another for the Cubs. Several Denver players also had Super Bowl Trophies done. They are exsact to the real deal but made of Nickel not sterling silver like the originals. But they have to pay for it. The league does not award them nor gives them to players so who ever said they did they are wrong trust me I know.  Hope that helps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13213" LastEditorUserId="13213" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T07:31:35.800" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T07:31:35.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-18T13:31:03.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dodgeball_League_rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dodgeball uses 6 balls&lt;/a&gt;. There are tournaments and leagues for it near me and I am sure that there has been international tournaments before. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11251" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T13:31:03.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15975" CreationDate="2017-04-18T14:27:58.910" Score="1" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the question applies to many sports, I'm seeking an answer in the particular context of the &lt;strong&gt;rules&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;culture&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;squash&lt;/strong&gt;. Is the answer formally specified in the competition rules of squash? Is the (worldwide) culture established firmly enough for the question to have a universal answer? In case it matters, I'm talking here about international, not US, squash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I occasionally play against a opponent who likes to comment. This happens in many variations, but the main one is that if I make a difficult shot, they'll comment &quot;nice shot&quot;, perhaps after they themselves have missed the return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this pat-on-the-back is made two or three times in a game, and after particularly strong play, I find that it's a nice compliment. But if the comments are made incessantly, for just about every rather-ordinary successful shot, the comments rattle me. I'm not sure if other players are capable of putting up with an ongoing evaluation. I'm not sure if a player ought to be able to handle some evaluation without being rattled. This is, after all, not chess. In chess, at least when I played semi-seriously a long time ago, a player would automatically lose a formal game if they spoke and told their opponents &quot;nice move&quot;. It's understood that this will destroy the focus of one's opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In squash I can never tell whether the comments are (intentionally or unintentionally) malicious. But I do know that they affect the ongoing game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a formal rule in squash that prevents an opponent from making a comment at all, at least until the game is over.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Even though I'm particularly bothered by comments in the middle of the game, and even if I get a gut-feeling that some comments are intended to change the course of a game, I do not wish to be rude and say &quot;no comments until the game is over, please&quot;. What is a civil way of telling one's opponent &quot;kindly keep your trap shut until we finish. You're my opponent, not my critic nor an audience member&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13215" LastEditorUserId="13215" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T19:39:33.137" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T19:39:33.137" Title="What is a gentle reminder to a squash opponent to stop an ongoing evaluation?" Tags="|squash|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16188" CreationDate="2017-04-18T14:55:23.497" Score="1" ViewCount="405" Body="&lt;p&gt;In asking this question, I am not referring to exceptional cases like Yovani Gallardo, Madison Bumgarner, or Jake Arrieta, who hit about as well as position players. But I am referring to &quot;most&quot; pitchers, whose batting averages are in the .100s, about half as high as average position players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read somewhere that there is a theoretical batting average below which it was right to &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; throw strikes because the chances of getting the person out was so high that it was worthwhile not to give him a chance to walk, and as a practical matter, there was a somewhat higher threshold below which it made sense to throw mostly strikes, thereby giving the batter a minimal chance to walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best recollection is that the rule is that one should &quot;never&quot; walk a batter (incurring a sure loss) whose average was below .075 even if he all home runs, and that it made sense to never walk a batter with an average as high as .225 if he never made extra base hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't most National League pitchers fall beneath these thresholds as batters? (Or if I have stated them wrongly, the &quot;corrected&quot; ones?) So why do pitchers often throw enough balls to walk them, when they could get them out by throwing mostly strikes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put another way, why does practice differ from theory in this instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T18:43:19.087" LastActivityDate="2019-10-11T13:35:27.567" Title="Why do pitchers walk other pitchers (in the National League) with some frequency?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13933" CreationDate="2017-04-18T15:00:44.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the main reason is the national Championships of this Countries. England, Spain, Germany and Brazil has top championships, where plays top teams. Most important teams has strong football academys, where growing up top players. So kids from this Countries has a better chance to become good players, and the National Teams has a greater choice of players. That's why they wins international prize more often than other Countries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13216" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T15:42:46.000" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T15:42:46.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-18T16:00:18.373" Score="1" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if anyone could find out who this person is? I cannot find this information and would really like to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13217" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T18:44:25.680" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T18:44:25.680" Title="Cincinnati Bengals All-Time leading tackler?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15961" CreationDate="2017-04-18T17:21:21.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt; has the information you need. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the home page, click &quot;Teams&quot;, then &quot;Cincinnati Bengals.&quot; At this point, you will be on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cin/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Cincinnati Bengals Franchise Encyclopedia&quot; page&lt;/a&gt;. On this page, under the &quot;Career Leaders&quot; dropdown, click &quot;Defense.&quot; From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cin/career-defense.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;there&lt;/a&gt;, you can view and sort by a number of different categories. Given you are looking for the all-time leading tackler, you may sort by tackles (Tkl). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Who is the] Cincinnati Bengals All-Time leading tackler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tim Krumrie with 1008 tackles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T17:28:25.630" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T17:28:25.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15948" CreationDate="2017-04-18T18:09:01.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Illegal substitution does relate to the too many men on the ice penalty and it is described in the NHL Rule book as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 68.1&lt;/strong&gt; Starts page 93-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;An illegal substitution shall be deemed to have occurred when a player enters the game&#xA;  illegally from either the players bench (teammate not within the&#xA;  five(5) foot limit, refer to rule &lt;strong&gt;74- Too Many Men on the Ice&lt;/strong&gt;),&#xA;  from the penalty bench(penalty has not yet expired), when a major&#xA;  penalty is being served and the replacement player does not return to&#xA;  the ice from the penalty bench(see rule 68.2), or when a player&#xA;  illegally enters the game for the sole purpose of preventing an&#xA;  opposing player from scoring on a breakaway(see also Rules 68.3 and&#xA;  68.4)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://1.cdn.nhle.com/downloads/2016-17_RuleBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL 16/17 Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T18:13:01.633" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T18:13:01.633" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15958" CreationDate="2017-04-18T19:13:32.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without wanting to seem too harsh: you don't sound like someone who I'd want as a playing partner. When I'm playing sport, I'm there primarily because I enjoy it - and I don't enjoy doing things in complete silence, never saying a word. I simply wouldn't play with someone who insisted on no comments while playing. Equally, my experience is that this applies to the vast majority of people I've played sport with. Therefore I suggest that if you want to play in silence, then you need to find like-minded people, not try and change your current partners to fit your ideal of how a sport should be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T19:13:32.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15958" CreationDate="2017-04-18T21:26:30.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are all kinds of players out there. Some are completely quiet, not even calling out scores once in  a while, and on the other end of the spectrum some comment and joke around without pause. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one kind that annoys me very much - the swearing ones who seem to have no fun at all. What you are describing is very common, in my experience, and you really should not take it as malice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly, my advice would be to ignore it, or to endure it for one match and then avoid further matches with them if you can. Trying to talk them out of it will likely be very awkward and futile. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13218" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T21:26:30.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15967" CreationDate="2017-04-19T00:39:04.433" Score="0" ViewCount="890" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the most consecutive pitches thrown that increased the batters strike count?  That is, with no foul strikes after the 2nd Strike.{edit} actually without the batter hitting the ball at all - this is the naive idea of a strike {/edit} &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I appreciate that the maximum consecutive strikes thrown by a pitcher is something like 16 in one inning, but that's not what I'm looking for {edit} since most of these were hit foul, and not the &quot; one two three - out&quot; I'm looking for. {/edit} &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing it's a low number since it would be strategically wise to throw balls that don't seriously challenge the batter if the pitcher is &quot;ahead.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Follow up: has any pitcher thrown a &quot;Perfect&quot; 9 pitch, 9 strike, 3 out inning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13220" LastEditorUserId="13220" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T01:37:49.977" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T01:56:21.737" Title="What is the most consecutive pitches thrown that increased the batters strike count?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15966" CreationDate="2017-04-19T02:22:46.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the most consecutive pitches thrown that [were a strike]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't a perfect answer to your specific question, but since the method of how pitch data is collected has existed (since 1988), the number of consecutive strikes thrown is 38 by Bartolo Colon on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ANA/ANA201204180.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;April 18, 2012&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/bartolo-colon-throws-38-straight-strikes-most-since-154441200.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. This includes foul balls and balls put into play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To fully answer your specific question, such an answer wouldn't include foul balls (after 2nd strikes, as noted in the question) and balls put into play. An analysis of play-by-play would uncover this, I imagine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;has any pitcher thrown a &quot;Perfect&quot; 9 pitch, 9 strike, 3 out inning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. This has happened 29 times in the AL and 52 times in the NL&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/feats/feats17.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. The latest in the AL was achieved by Brandon McCarthy of the Yankees in the bottom of the 7th inning on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/TBA/TBA201409170.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;September 17, 2014&lt;/a&gt; and the latest in the NL was achieved by Juan Nicaso in the bottom of the 8th inning (Baseball Almanac says 6th for some reason) on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/SLN/SLN201607040.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;July 4, 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T02:22:46.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15968" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15969" CreationDate="2017-04-19T05:00:01.497" Score="6" ViewCount="4073" Body="&lt;p&gt;On April 19, 2017, during the second period of the extra time of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000785/match=2019633/postmatch/report/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;match between Real Madrid and Bayern Munchen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt; scored his hundredth UEFA Champions League goal (which was also his third goal of the night).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was Ronaldo offside at the moment the final pass to him was made? Here is a picture of him receiving the ball from Marcelo before scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0YEdP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0YEdP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12264" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T15:23:58.507" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T13:03:47.307" Title="Was Cristiano Ronaldo's 100th Champions League goal offside or not?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|champions-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15968" CreationDate="2017-04-19T05:31:41.550" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-position&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of The Game; Law 11 - Offside; 1. Offside Position&lt;/a&gt; state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any part of the head, body&#xA;or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both &lt;em&gt;the ball&lt;/em&gt; and&#xA;&lt;em&gt;the second-last opponent&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's obvious that Ronaldo was nearer to the goal line than the &lt;em&gt;the second-last opponent&lt;/em&gt; (the guy in the red shirt: Mats Hummels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the dubious part is whether Ronaldo was nearer to the goal line than &lt;em&gt;the ball&lt;/em&gt;. The answer is &lt;strong&gt;yes, he was&lt;/strong&gt;, hence, &lt;strong&gt;he was in the offside position&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? Because the offside-line in the picture you use is not quite parallel to the goal line, but look at another picture from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2017/04/18/34722392/offside-cristiano-ronaldo-goals-leave-football-fans&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;goal.com&lt;/a&gt;, Ronaldo's head was closer to the goal line than the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6aLpz.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6aLpz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ronaldo offside&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T05:48:59.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15976" CreationDate="2017-04-19T08:37:06.903" Score="5" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall reading some time ago a rather inspiring and interesting story about the importance of rest while training for a sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This specific story was about a runner in the 50s that was training very hard for a 5K or 10K Championship, probably the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Athletics_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;European Athletic Championships&lt;/a&gt;. Back in those days, stated the text I read, runners would train hard without interleaving some resting days. Apparently, the benefits of rest were undiscovered, so they assumed that the more your trained, the better the results would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that specific athlete had some serious health problem about a month before the race, leading him to remain at bed for a couple of weeks. Obviously, he could not train in all this period and he was very concerned about losing all his fitness for the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite this fear, the athlete decided to go and run the race, and then it became obvious that his fitness wasn't worse but way better: not even did he win the race, but he even lapped the rest of the runners (that is, they were more than 400 m after him).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember reading this some years ago in a book, but cannot recall more than the details I already mentioned. Some may be even wrong (maybe it was not in the 50s and maybe it was another championship). Since I somehow assumed he as Finnish, I did some research on some long-distance runners like Paavo Nurmi, but nothing arose from that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this story true? Was there such situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T10:21:54.980" Title="Did an athlete lap the rest of the runners after an illness that left him in bed for a long time before the competition?" Tags="|trivia|training|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-19T08:50:31.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Petanque or jeu des boules uses 3 balls for each player and a small target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not being able to comment on billiards. The game of snooker uses 22 balls on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T08:50:31.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15949" CreationDate="2017-04-19T09:41:08.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's not forget &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;croquet&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.croquetamerica.com/croquet/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here are the rules&lt;/a&gt;... looks like all forms use 4 balls (2 per pair).  Apparently there also can be 8 separate colored balls when 2 games are being played on one court, called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.croquetamerica.com/croquet/rules/american/page14.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;double banker&lt;/a&gt;... but unfortunately it appears there's basically not any interaction between the games, as balls are market, and balls deflecting off the balls being used in the other game are replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T09:41:08.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15968" CreationDate="2017-04-19T11:56:08.573" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15969/3257&quot;&gt;gdrt&lt;/a&gt; gave the rule well (and answered something I've wondered about for a long time too!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But some of the complexities to the details make it appear close enough that I'm not sure all impartial arbitrators would agree that is a clear-cut offside call, in particular using this picture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may not be noticeable to the eye, but the lines drawn aren't parallel.  I verified this in GIMP by copying the line for the penalty box and translating it left:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2SQGe.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2SQGe.png&quot; alt=&quot;offside&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;If you look closely, you'll note the increasing green between the previously drawn line and the shifted penalty box line I overlaid as you go up the image.  Of course the resolution of that image isn't great, making it all that much more challenging to perfectly diagnose the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then again, the big problem is that lines &lt;strong&gt;SHOULDN'T&lt;/strong&gt; be exactly parallel, as there is always some &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/perspect.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;perspective&lt;/a&gt; (angle change of truly parallel lines).  See how much the lines change angle in this image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Frm1V.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Frm1V.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;perspective&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.okiespavement.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Okiespavement.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perspective depends upon the distance, height, and lens shape on the camera. That picture of the American football field seems setup to exaggerate it.  But the result is that, unless the camera is situated on the line of interest (or a continuation of that line), or is directly above/below that line, any camera view can be surprisingly dubious (I've seen so many times where two views from similar locations appear to show different things due to very slight changes in perspective).  The fact that the top and side of the penalty box do not make near a 90 degree angle makes me more suspect there is quite a bit of perspective in this picture, though the camera location would need to be known to have more clarity on this. Also note, the perspective can actually converge in either direction due to the shape of the camera lens (and angle of the camera?), so the American football field image doesn't necessarily help determine the proper perspective changes either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, there is the possibility that perhaps the line shown in the image was actually provided by the broadcasters themselves, and that they calculate it based upon the actual geometry of the camera similar to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_%26_Ten_(graphics_system)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL's 1st and 10&lt;/a&gt; line.  That would make it a lot more reliable.  I've still seen such systems be imperfect, but it would allow a little more assurance that it is fairly correct, if we knew that they did that.  With the trend towards replay officials in soccer, it would seem very important to be able to overlay a properly calculated line reliably onto cameras, taking into account all camera details.  Here's to hoping they do that and make clear they are doing that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That challenge of camera perspective, plus the added difficulty in determining the exact moment the ball left his foot, leads me to suggest it may be too close to say for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American football we face so many situations in our replay system where things are unclear or debatable that we require so-called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3322/how-much-evidence-has-to-be-there-to-overturn-an-american-football-play&quot;&gt;indisputable visual evidence&lt;/a&gt;&quot; to make a call. Now what exactly that is... becomes a question in itself! But from my impartial perspective regarding the game (which I didn't see) (and for what it's worth, with that slight background in geometry and a bit of collegiate intramural refereeing experience) I would only suggest that Bayern fans would perhaps be best off not feeling particularly hard done by such a call, as it is quite close... and there continue to be many worse calls made and allowed to stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-10-10T13:03:47.307" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T13:03:47.307" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15958" CreationDate="2017-04-19T12:19:50.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/150601_Rules-of-Singles-Squash-2014-V2014-03.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules 15.5 and 15.6&lt;/a&gt; could apply, theoretically.  Among dangerous play and direct abuse these rules also bar unfair behaviour and deliberately distracting the opponent.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a favourable referee you &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; have luck with complaining about your opponent, but I think it's unlikely. I doubt any referee is likely to award conduct warnings for mere casual chatter under these provisions; not only do we see far worse conduct on professional tournaments every day with no referee action, even in everyday life you would have a hard time convincing anyone that casual compliments are &quot;unfair&quot; or &quot;deliberately distracting&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Squash is no chess, and psychology is just part of the game.  You are not entitled to have your focus protected from casual chatter, and indeed, &lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt; are responsible for maintaining your focus regardless of court action &lt;strong&gt;all by yourself&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a casual game I would just politely ask my opponent, along the lines of &lt;em&gt;&quot;Hey, thanks for these compliments. I'm sorry to say though that they really affect my focus; would you mind if we played silently for the rest of the match?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ask politely, and as a question, I think a decent person would do as you ask; if they don't they are perhaps not the person you should play against if their behaviour stresses you. And that's totally fine, not everyone is fun to play, and you wouldn't go to a pub for a beer with some folks either, would you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all, in a casual game you are playing for fun, so you should not force yourself to do so much emotional labour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a tournament however you should rather not ask; it would just reveal your weak spot to the opponent and show them that they hit a sore point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not blame your opponent for making even more compliments afterwards; it's part of the game and a legitimate strategy to win—we see weaker players beat better ones just because of stronger focus and better mental protection every day, even in professional tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, take it as a training exercise to improve your focus and your psychological stability.  Casual chatter and compliments should not put you off balance in a tournament match; if they do that is something that you can work on with exercises and mental training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to play against &quot;talkers&quot; a lot, even against people who would make entire games by fishing for cheap points and lets (which is hard to prevent without a referee).  It's not fun per se, but it's a great exercise to learn to shut all else out and focus on &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; game not your opponents behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the end, a confident victory against a &quot;talking point fisher&quot; feels all the better 8)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user6334" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T12:19:50.877" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15970" CreationDate="2017-04-19T13:38:34.197" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It was Emil Zátopek!!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/3257/jeopardytempest&quot;&gt;JeopardyTempest&lt;/a&gt; in comments I could track the results from the European Athletics Championships. There, I found a couple of interesting and promising results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_10,000_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oslo 1946 - 10,000 metres&lt;/a&gt;. Difference of 39 seconds.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Name&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Country&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Time&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Viljo Heino&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Finland&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29:52.0 CR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2 &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Helge Perälä&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Finland&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30:31.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_10,000_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brussels 1950, 10,000 metres&lt;/a&gt;. Difference of 1 min 9 seconds.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Name&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Country&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Time&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Emil Zátopek&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Czechoslovakia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29:12.0   CR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Alain Mimoun&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30:21.0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also interesting the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_5000_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5,000 metres&lt;/a&gt;, with a difference of 23 seconds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Name&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Country&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Time&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Emil Zátopek&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Czechoslovakia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14:03.0  CR NR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Alain Mimoun&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14:26.0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Gaston Reiff&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Belgium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14:26.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Väinö Mäkelä&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Finland&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14:30.8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following the Emil Zátopek hypothesis I found a couple of definitive articles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.learninginfo.org/sandbox/zatopek-phenomenon.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;What Is the Zatopek Phenomenon?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A term for the beneficial effects associated with tapering, named after Czech middle distance Olympic champion Emil Zatopek. His intense training prior to the 1950 European Games was interrupted by illness that hospitalized him for two weeks. He came out of hospital just two days before competing in the 10,000m race, which he won convincingly. He also went on to win the 5,000m event. His success has been attributed to the benefits of his forced tapering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.learninginfo.org/sandbox/taper.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;tapering&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; means &lt;em&gt;A period of time within a training program where the athlete reduces the volume and intensity of his training in readiness for a targeted event or rest cycle&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.joefrielsblog.com/2010/04/history-lesson-the-zatopek-effect.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;History Lesson: The Zatopek Effect&lt;/a&gt; we read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1950 he was training for the European Games when he became sick shortly before the competition. He was hospitalized and spent the recuperative time in bed. Two days before the Games, which then were second only to the Olympics in status, he was released from the hospital. Against the advise of his doctors, he raced both the 10,000 and the 5,000 meters. Despite having not trained for several days he won both races, lapping the field in the 10,000 and winning by 23 seconds in the 5,000. In each race he ran the second-fastest time ever recorded for the distance. And this was four years before his career peak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find information whether he lapped 2nd place or not, but 1 min 9 seconds should be very close, given that the second place runner averaged 1 min 13 seconds per lap for the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2020-12-08T10:21:54.980" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T10:21:54.980" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15933" CreationDate="2017-04-19T15:07:39.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One potential advantage is that they know that if they can get one or more away goals and keep the score level or only down by one they can advance either with a scoreless draw and park the bus or by only scoring one goal and then parking the bus. Another advantage would be that if the tie went to extra time the 3o minutes of extra time would be played at their ground, and therefore they would have an extra 30 minutes at home. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T15:07:39.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-19T17:41:18.880" Score="2" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;world baseball classic&lt;/a&gt; have such lax &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic#Eligibility_and_participation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;citizenship rules&lt;/a&gt; as compared to other international competitions, by allowing anyone who is eligible for citizenship in a country compete for that country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T14:02:34.127" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T14:02:34.127" Title="World Baseball Classic Citizenship rules" Tags="|baseball|world-baseball-classic|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15983" CreationDate="2017-04-19T20:19:28.190" Score="1" ViewCount="2514" Body="&lt;p&gt;It feels like over the last few years and specially this season (16-17) more games are going to overtime. So I'm wondering what has been the trend of Stanley Cup playoffs games that go to overtime in the past 20 years? I'd like to see how the rate has fluctuated over many seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I chose 20 years as it seems to be long enough to have a meaningful sample size. If you can find data for more seasons that'd be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:08:25.207" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T02:01:51.527" Title="Rate of NHL playoffs going to the overtime" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15981" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-04-19T20:21:23.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding the World Baseball Classic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:31:41.993" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:31:41.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15982" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-04-19T20:21:23.233" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the World Baseball Classic." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:31:48.310" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:31:48.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15980" CreationDate="2017-04-19T20:27:09.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playoff games have gone into overtime 376 times from the 1996-1997 NHL season to the 2015-2016 NHL season (ie, &quot;in the past 20 years&quot;)&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1997&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using Hockey Reference's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Team Game finder&lt;/a&gt;, I specified the following criteria: &quot;For single games, from 1996-97 to 2015-16, in the playoffs, in overtime games, sorted by descending Game Date.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rate of NHL playoffs going to the overtime&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past 20 years, from the 1996-1997 NHL season to the 2015-2016 NHL season, there have been 1646 playoff games played&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=1997&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the 20-year average (376/1646) is around 22.8%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'd like to see how the rate has fluctuated over many seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2015-2016: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2016&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;20 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2016&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;91 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 22.0%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014-2015: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2015&amp;amp;year_max=2015&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;89 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 21.3%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2013-2014: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2014&amp;amp;year_max=2014&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;26 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2014&amp;amp;year_max=2014&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;93 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 28.0%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2012-2013: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2013&amp;amp;year_max=2013&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;27 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2013&amp;amp;year_max=2013&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;86 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 31.4%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011-2012: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2012&amp;amp;year_max=2012&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;25 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2012&amp;amp;year_max=2012&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;86 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 29.1%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010-2011: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2011&amp;amp;year_max=2011&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;22 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2011&amp;amp;year_max=2011&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;89 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 24.7%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2009-2010: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2010&amp;amp;year_max=2010&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2010&amp;amp;year_max=2010&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;89 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 20.2%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008-2009: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2009&amp;amp;year_max=2009&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2009&amp;amp;year_max=2009&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;87 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 18.4%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007-2008: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2008&amp;amp;year_max=2008&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2008&amp;amp;year_max=2008&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;85 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 18.8%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006-2007: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2007&amp;amp;year_max=2007&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2007&amp;amp;year_max=2007&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;81 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 21.0%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2005-2006: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2006&amp;amp;year_max=2006&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;20 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2006&amp;amp;year_max=2006&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;83 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 24.1%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004-2005: lockout, no playoff games played&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2003-2004: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2004&amp;amp;year_max=2004&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2004&amp;amp;year_max=2004&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;89 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 21.3% &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002-2003: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2003&amp;amp;year_max=2003&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;22 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2003&amp;amp;year_max=2003&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;89 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 24.7%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2001-2002: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2002&amp;amp;year_max=2002&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2002&amp;amp;year_max=2002&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;90 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 20.0%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000-2001: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2001&amp;amp;year_max=2001&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;26 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2001&amp;amp;year_max=2001&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;86 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 30.2%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1999-2000: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2000&amp;amp;year_max=2000&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=2000&amp;amp;year_max=2000&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;83 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 10.8%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998-1999: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1999&amp;amp;year_max=1999&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;21 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=1999&amp;amp;year_max=1999&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;86 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 24.4%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1997-1998: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1998&amp;amp;year_max=1998&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=1998&amp;amp;year_max=1998&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;82 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 23.2%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996-1997: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1998&amp;amp;year_max=1998&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;is_overtime=Y&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 overtime games&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;year_min=1998&amp;amp;year_max=1998&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;order_by=year_id&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;82 total games&lt;/a&gt; = 19.5%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Note: results are divided by two to account for each team being represented per game. &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It feels like over the last few years ... more games are going to overtime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not entirely true. Although there was an higher than average trend from 2012-2014, the average in 2015 and 2016 was behind the 20-year average. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other seasons of note include 2001 (~5% higher than the next highest percentage outside of 2012-2014) and 2000 (~8% lower than the next lowest percentage and 12% lower than the 20-year average).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T02:01:51.527" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T02:01:51.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15984" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15986" CreationDate="2017-04-19T23:34:34.773" Score="2" ViewCount="3218" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming it gives the players better puck handling abilities, but how? Wouldn't tape overlaps effect the handling? Also why don't the manufacturers add similar material to the blade of sticks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-10-04T11:59:28.490" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T11:59:28.490" Title="Why do ice hockey players tape their sticks?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15752" CreationDate="2017-04-20T05:27:27.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tiebreakers for the World Baseball classic in a three way tie are as follows. These steps would determine the first place team which would automatically advance to the next round and then the 2nd and 3rd place team would play a one game playoff to determine the 2nd team to advance. &#xA;The tiebreakers are,&#xA;1.) Fewest runs allowed per inning of defense in head-to-head games &#xA;2.)Fewest earned runs allowed per inning of defense in head-to-head games&#xA;3.)Highest batting average in head-to-head games&#xA;4.)Drawing of lots&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T05:27:27.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15984" CreationDate="2017-04-20T05:33:55.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several articles that outline the benefits of taping a hockey stick. Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://livehealthy.chron.com/players-tape-blade-hockey-stick-2631.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livestrong.com/article/109532-players-tape-blade-hockey-stick/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one from livestrong.com&lt;/a&gt;. I am posting below some excerpts from the former article to cover the benefits of taping a hockey stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surface Protection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wood splinters, especially when it is worn away by consistent friction with the puck. By taping the wood blades of their hockey sticks, players protect the surface and edges from breakage, extending the life of their equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Moisture Repellant&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moisture infiltrates wood and it can cause the material to warp. Hitting a puck with a bent-out-of-shape blade is as effective as playing ice hockey in your flip-flops. The porous wood absorbs the moisture from the ice rink unless it is sealed. Players use tape on their blades as a moisture repellant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Puck Control&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the website ESPN the Magazine, retired professional ice hockey player Brian Rolston says that modern fiberglass hockey-stick blades are slippery and they do not make good contact with the puck. He says that wrapping them in hockey tape helps the player direct the puck and shoot it where it needs to go. Another ice hockey retiree, Bobby Nystrom, adds that when a player receives a pass, the tape around his blade cushions the hit, keeping the puck from bouncing off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your opinion that manufacturers should provide such material coating on their products to avoid the need for taping, the main problem is friction. After a few uses, whatever material is coated will start to wear off. Rather than having a partly worn off coating on a stick, it's better to use inexpensive tape before each game to ensure a consistent level of control and discard it after use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T05:33:55.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8862" CreationDate="2017-04-20T09:03:50.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules allow for up to three overage outfield players as well as the goalkeeper to be over the age of 21. Usually these players are struggling players whom the manager wants to get playing time or they are players coming back from injury and the manager wants to know if they are game ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T09:03:50.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-20T09:06:21.743" Score="1" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is there a limit of three years that a team can send players down to the minors without first having to put him on waivers, and having the player clear waivers? Why can't they send a player to the minors whenever they feel like it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T12:52:18.227" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T16:14:00.917" Title="options in baseball" Tags="|baseball|mlb|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15991" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-04-20T12:05:39.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Baseball Classic&lt;/a&gt; (WBC).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T15:11:08.273" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T15:11:08.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15992" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-04-20T12:05:39.377" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the World Baseball Classic (WBC)." OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T12:05:39.377" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T12:05:39.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15989" CreationDate="2017-04-20T16:14:00.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my understanding of the options rule in baseball it works on 2 levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you allow an MLB team to call up and send down players at will, there is no stopping them from using whoever they want, whenever they want, and it's basically a roster free for all.  There are no rules, limitations, they could use all 90 of their players in one season if they felt like it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the players sake, it stops MLB teams from just calling them up when they need them, and sending them down when they don't.  If there were no limits, or consequences, a player could be stuck in the minors for most of his contract if the team doesn't feel like they always need him, and it hurts his chances of really getting a shot, and working his career.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T16:14:00.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-20T19:11:29.727" Score="4" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do the home nations get 50% of the sets in IFAB, the rule making body for association football? Canada does not get 50% of the seats in meetings to change rules in ice hockey, and the United States do not get 50% of the seats in meetings to change the rules in baseball, so why are rule changes in association football decided 50% by the home nations and 50% by FIFA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T19:37:23.683" Title="Home Nations in IFAB" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15995" CreationDate="2017-04-20T19:25:43.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with a lot of things, historical reasons. The home nations created the rules for association football (the IFAB was founded by the home nations in the 1880s) and haven't yet given up that power. There isn't a deeper reason as to &quot;why&quot; - inertia is a powerful thing, and until there's an actual practical issue it's not worth anybody kicking up a fuss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T19:25:43.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15997" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-20T23:25:12.760" Score="3" ViewCount="9319" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times a player who got in a grand slam through the qualifier round won the championship, and who are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-09-12T17:08:04.310" LastActivityDate="2021-09-23T05:01:51.467" Title="How many times tennis majors champions played in the qualifiers round?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15998" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-04-20T23:25:51.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding tennis grand slam tournaments: Australian Open, Roland Garros (French Open), Wimbledon, US Open. Not to be confused with a grandslam home run in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do's&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The tag can be used in combination with other tags:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/tennis&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;tennis&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;tennis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ausopen.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ausopen.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.wimbledon.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usopen.org/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.usopen.org/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:04:06.930" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:04:06.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15999" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-04-20T23:25:51.387" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding tennis grand slam tournaments " OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T05:41:24.250" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T05:41:24.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2017-04-21T02:51:35.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner should not be out unless there was some sort of interference. Maybe these will be helpful  in understanding what the umpire saw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Interference occurs any time a batting team acts in a way that impedes&#xA;  the fielding team's attempt to play the ball. Section 2.00 of the&#xA;  Official Rules describes different types of interference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;INTERFERENCE (a) Offensive interference is an act by the team at bat&#xA;  which interferes with, &lt;strong&gt;obstructs, impedes, hinders or confuses&lt;/strong&gt; any&#xA;  fielder attempting to make a play. If the umpire declares the batter,&#xA;  batter-runner, or a runner out for interference, all other runners&#xA;  shall return to the last base that was in the judgment of the umpire,&#xA;  legally touched at the time of the interference, unless otherwise&#xA;  provided by these rules. Rule 2.00 (Interference) Comment: In the&#xA;  event the batter-runner has not reached first base, all runners shall&#xA;  return to the base last occupied at the time of the pitch. (b)&#xA;  Defensive interference is an act by a fielder which hinders or&#xA;  prevents a batter from hitting a pitch. (c) Umpire's interference&#xA;  occurs (1) When an umpire hinders, impedes or prevents a catcher's&#xA;  throw attempting to prevent a stolen base, or (2) When a fair ball&#xA;  touches an umpire on fair territory before passing a fielder. (d)&#xA;  Spectator interference occurs when a spectator reaches out of the&#xA;  stands, or goes on the playing field, and touches a live ball. On any&#xA;  interference the ball is dead. The situation described under (b) is&#xA;  known as catcher's interference. Interference is also explained in&#xA;  detail in section 7.09 of the rules, in the chapter pertaining to the&#xA;  runner. Penalties for interference are described in this section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A common case of interference occurs when a batted ball hits a&#xA;  baserunner in fair territory. The ball is dead, the runner is&#xA;  automatically out, the batter is credited with a single and other&#xA;  baserunners only advance if forced to do so. If the ball hits the&#xA;  runner in foul territory, it is simply a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Interference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Interference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12915" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T03:54:06.497" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T03:54:06.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16002" CreationDate="2017-04-21T05:53:05.153" Score="9" ViewCount="12105" Body="&lt;p&gt;On April, 20 2017) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000795/match=2019697/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Besiktas and Lyon&lt;/a&gt; took eight (8) kicks from the penalty mark each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would have happened if the balance had kept up to the eleventh (11th) kicks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which player would have taken the twelvth (12th) kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T05:25:17.197" LastActivityDate="2023-09-08T15:26:44.907" Title="What happens after eleven kicks from the penalty mark?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16001" CreationDate="2017-04-21T06:19:08.733" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In penalty shootouts in association football, a format of sudden death is followed if after 5 penalty shots each, the scores are still tied. If the number exceeds 11* penalty kicks each without a winner, all players become eligible to take a second penalty kick. The order of penalty kick takers can be changed, but all 11* players must take a second kick before any player can take a third kick, if required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Section 3. Kicks From The Penalty Mark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If, after both teams have taken five kicks, the scores are level kicks continue until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same number of kicks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Each kick is taken by a different player and all eligible players must take a kick before any player can take a second kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The above principle continues for any subsequent sequence of kicks but a team may change the order of kickers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such an incident took place in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Africa_Cup_of_Nations#Quarter-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quarter finals of the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations between Cameroon and Ivory Coast&lt;/a&gt;. Each of the first 11 penalty kicks were converted by both teams. Samuel Eto'o, who took the first penalty kick for Cameroon, took the twelfth spot kick and missed. Didier Drogba, who took the first penalty kick for Ivory Coast, took the twelfth spot kick and scored, thus winning the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/penalties.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; lists the interesting records pertaining to penalty shootouts. Some interesting ones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In domestic high level competition, the record for most penalty kicks taken was set by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/penalties.html#nam05&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KK Palace and Civics in the first round of the 2004/05 Namibian Cup&lt;/a&gt;, with KK Palace winning 17-16 after 48 penalty kicks (24 kicks per team).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The highest score in a penalty shootout was 20-19 set in the 1988/89 Argentine Championship match between Argentinos Juniors and Racing Club, with Argentinos Juniors winning after 44 penalty kicks (22 kicks per team).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The record in domestic amateur football is 52 kicks.  It happened in the 5th tier of Czech football in 2016; Batov beat Frystak 21-20.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/row-zed/longest-penalty-shoot-out-history-8119371&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;See the video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; In case one of the teams has less than 11 players on the pitch at the time of the penalty shootouts, either due to red cards or injuries, the other team must exclude as many players as required to equate the number of penalty kick takers. This is done to ensure that the team's 11th spot kick is not taken by the best player of the team with the sent off player, giving them an advantage against the weakest player of the team with a fuller squad. In such a scenario, the 11th penalty kick will be taken a player who has already taken one spot kick earlier.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="11197" LastEditDate="2017-04-26T04:41:51.817" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T04:41:51.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16001" CreationDate="2017-04-21T06:20:14.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/60/Laws%20of%20the%20Game_16-17_Digital_Eng.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; - Each kick is taken by a different player and all eligible players must take a kick before any player can take a second kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- The above principle continues for any subsequent sequence of kicks but a team may change the order of kickers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if it had gone past 11 they have to repeat kickers but the team is allowed to change the order of their 11 kickers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T15:34:45.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15997" CreationDate="2017-04-21T06:28:37.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No qualifier to one of the four major championships singles main draw has ever won that year's tournament. The farthest a qualifier has reached at a major is the semifinals with John McEnroe reaching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1977 Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt; Semifinals as a qualifier. Other qualifiers to reach grand slam semifinals are Filip Dewulf at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 French Open&lt;/a&gt; and Vladimir Voltchkov at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000 Wimbledon Championships&lt;/a&gt;. A wild card though has won a major before with Goran Ivanišević winning the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001 Wimbledon Championships&lt;/a&gt; as a wild card. &#xA;On the women's side Alexandra Stevenson made the semis at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon in 1999&lt;/a&gt; as a qualifier. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-21T09:53:21.623" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T09:53:21.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16008" CreationDate="2017-04-21T10:11:59.550" Score="4" ViewCount="925" Body="&lt;p&gt;If player A is within a foot or two of the ball, and an approaching player B makes a play for the ball with his foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A places his foot between player B and the ball, and player B falls to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under what conditions is that viewed as tripping versus shielding?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13239" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T05:26:33.180" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T11:01:09.677" Title="In football, when, if ever, does shielding the ball with the foot become tripping?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16005" CreationDate="2017-04-21T13:40:56.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct; 2. Indirect Free Kick: Impeding the progress of an opponent without contact&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent&#xA;  and the ball &lt;strong&gt;if the ball is within playing distance&lt;/strong&gt; and the opponent&#xA;  is not held off with the arms or body. If the ball is within playing&#xA;  distance, the player may be fairly charged by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_glossary.pdf#page=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;how IFAB defines &lt;em&gt;playing distance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Distance to the ball which allows a player to touch the ball by&#xA;  extending the foot/leg or jumping or, for goalkeepers, jumping with&#xA;  arms extended. Distance depends on the physical size of the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way&#xA;  of an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question scales down to which of the players are within playing distance of the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If player A is within playing distance of the ball and player A places his&#xA;foot between player B and the ball, then it's shielding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If player B is within playing distance of the ball and player A places his&#xA;foot between player B and the ball, then it's tripping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If both player A and player B are within playing distance of the ball, then whoever before this disputable move from player A was over control of the ball gets a decision in his favor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T11:01:09.677" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T11:01:09.677" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16012" CreationDate="2017-04-22T19:59:35.157" Score="3" ViewCount="1901" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say there are runners on first and third with no outs. If the runner on first attempts to steal I see two outcomes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The catcher does not throw to second. The runner advances. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The catcher throws to second, the runner on third steals home. The runner from first might not make it in time and be out, but a run scored. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to be a win-win, so why don't teams try to steal in this situation very often? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13246" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T15:02:55.373" Title="Runners at first and third. Why not steal?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16011" CreationDate="2017-04-22T21:59:59.787" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thrown baseballs move a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; faster than people. The ball will get to second and then back to home again before the runner from third can make it home, particularly as the runner on third has to delay starting until the catcher has thrown the ball to second at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T21:59:59.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16013" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16014" CreationDate="2017-04-23T08:39:19.607" Score="4" ViewCount="4394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any objective advantages to a left-handed in playing volleyball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T13:22:31.443" Title="Is an advantage for a left-handed to play volleyball?" Tags="|technique|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16013" CreationDate="2017-04-23T10:27:17.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some advantages for right-hand side players (setters and opposites): in the same way that it's easier for a right-hander to hit down the line from the left-hand side of the court, it's easier for a left-hander to hit line from the right-hand side of the court. In particular, if the setter wants to do a surprise hit rather than setting the ball, they almost have to hit it left-handed - there's no real way to create deception with a right-handed hit. There's a good video of left-handed hitters &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1CS5jyA_-I&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; - as you'll see, almost all the hits are from the right-hand side rather than the left-hand side (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uroš Kovačević&lt;/a&gt; being the exception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, a fair number of the best opposites in the world (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_de_Souza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wallace&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartosz_Kurek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bartosz Kurek&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Anderson_(volleyball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Matt Anderson&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Zaytsev_(volleyball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivan Zaytsev&lt;/a&gt;, et al) are right handed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-04-23T12:47:28.113" LastActivityDate="2017-04-23T12:47:28.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16016" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-23T17:52:55.763" Score="-3" ViewCount="4369" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it decided who should take strike after a wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13250" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T23:24:35.403" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T15:34:12.610" Title="Who will take strike for a batsman being out in the middle of an over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-12-28T10:11:23.343" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16011" CreationDate="2017-04-24T15:02:55.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not materially different than the accepted answer, just some more elaboration.  In a nutshell, the options you listed are not the only possible outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner at third has to wait for the throw to be released by the catcher, or he/she risks the catcher not throwing to second and instead getting the lead runner in a rundown or tagged-out situation at third.  So, if the runner leaves early, you get a runner on second, no runner on third, and another out.  That's, objectively, worse than 1st and 3rd without the added out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, let's say the runner waits for the throw, that gives them less of a jump for the run to home plate.  Sometimes the fielder covering 2nd base doesn't even try to tag the runner, and comes straight home with the throw, getting the runner out, with the same result as if the runner left early and got caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the catcher's throw is perfect, the tag for the out at second can be applied and the fielder can be up and throwing home in almost the same instant, then you have both players caught stealing, two more outs, and no one on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes (less common) the catcher even throws the ball on a low trajectory and the pitcher will intercept it if he sees the player at third breaking on the throw, much like a cut-off man with a throw from the outfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these scenarios have happened during regular play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T15:02:55.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16024" CreationDate="2017-04-24T17:01:54.973" Score="8" ViewCount="5578" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it allowed by the rules to change the team formation during a match?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does it happen often when a coach decides to swap players between positions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does it happen often when a coach decides to change team formation?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13255" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T13:25:13.000" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T13:25:13.000" Title="In football is it possible for a team to change team formation during a match?" Tags="|football|formations|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16021" CreationDate="2017-04-24T17:52:29.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players can change formations/positions at any time, mostly at the coaches discretion. For example, if you are winning you may want to play more defensively to protect your lead and if you are losing then you many want to be more attacking minded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Changing positions/formations happens quite often but it all depends on the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13254" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T17:52:29.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16171" CreationDate="2017-04-24T18:04:29.917" Score="5" ViewCount="6216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 10 of the NHL rule book defines sticks and can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://1.cdn.nhle.com/downloads/2016-17_RuleBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not see an outline or ruling on what the proper course of play is when a player's broken stick is on the ice.  Sometimes referees or linesmen pick up the stick, sometimes players try to move it out of their zone/towards the boards.  If you move it intentionally towards an opposing player with the puck it would seem to be an interference penalty but I can't find anything to back up my thoughts on this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is when are players allowed to move an object on the ice other than the puck when would the referee decide to remove it from play and when would a player incur a penalty for moving the object? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastEditorUserId="13146" LastEditDate="2017-04-24T18:49:16.683" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T14:06:26.247" Title="Whats the rule with broken stick / Object in play for ice hockey?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16021" CreationDate="2017-04-24T18:20:45.830" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules actually don't say anything about formations. The only thing they say is that there are 11 players per side - one of which is designated a goalkeeper, and that if a team drops below 7 players the match cannot start/continue (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;IFAB Law 3&quot;&gt;IFAB Law 3: The Players.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formations are all about strategy. If the team is playing an attacking strategy, they will play more players up - formations like 4-3-3 or 4-5-1. A more defensive formation would be something like 5-3-2 or 4-1-4-1. These would put more players in the backfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there's nothing that restricts players to certain areas of the field based on their formation. You'll almost always see one or more midfielders help out on attacks, but you will sometimes see defenders come up to help as well. Defenders can be playing higher than midfielders (or even forwards) for a time, though they will usually return to the backfield - not because the rules say they have to but because in a formation it's good to be where you're supposed to be so your teammates can be where they're supposed to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your specific questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, since formations aren't mentioned at all in the rules, they can be adjusted.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes when making a substitution, a coach will sub in a defender for an attacker/midfielder if the team is ahead and wants to protect their lead. The opposite can happen too. But it all depends on the situation of the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Again, it all depends on the layout of the game. I'd say the most likely time when a formation change would happen is probably halftime, so the coach can discuss the new strategy in depth with the players, but it could happen at any point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I've known people to ask about the formation that the sportscasters usually announce before the game, so here are some notes on that. I do not have citations for these, they're just what I believe to be true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although a formation is not required by the rules, it is often possible to tell what a formation will look like by examining the players that will be on the field. Some players are generally attackers, some defenders, and some midfielders. You can also sometimes tell based on knowledge about the coach - what formations has s/he used in the past in different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, I believe that coaches sometimes will mention the formation they're using when announcing the starting line-up. This is not required, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best source I have for this is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8798/do-teams-announce-their-exact-formations-before-a-match&quot;&gt;another stackexchange post.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T22:16:31.520" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T22:16:31.520" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16026" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-25T00:50:20.000" Score="7" ViewCount="1060" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I'm a football referee, and I have refereed a couple games. When I work as an assistant referee it is pretty hard to judge if the ball is out of bounds, especially when refereeing older players, and players who dribble close to the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I improve my decision making, so it can be easier to make quick, accurate decisions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13249" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T02:27:19.830" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T00:10:53.173" Title="How can soccer/football referees improve decision making" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16026" CreationDate="2017-04-25T02:25:09.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you make better decisions when you can see better&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you can see better when you are in good position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you are in good position when you move, early and as often as needed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For line decisions in particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;remember the basic rule: the whole ball must cross the whole line, otherwise it is still in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;watch the line, not the ball, and look for the space between them; if there is no space then the ball is still on the line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;keep yourself as close to the line as possible, then you're not trying to judge odd angles, especially when the ball is off the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ignore the players, they will often react for no reason, and this is not a reliable guide. Make &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; decision, don't signal theirs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T02:25:09.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16041" CreationDate="2017-04-25T13:27:15.880" Score="2" ViewCount="1452" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was a fast bowler when I was younger. I used to mark 14 steps for my run-up. It was a smooth and clean run-up with the most accurate line and length. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has been more than 10 years since I gave up playing cricket, other than playing a few matches in leather ball four years ago. Now, I'm 32 and back playing tennis ball cricket. I look like a novice when I try to bowl, especially with my run-up. I tried making the same 14 steps and failed. I had to make so many adjustments before making it to the crease, and my line and length is totally off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What changes should I make while bowling to get back to best of my line and length?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12962" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T16:56:54.587" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:13:39.143" Title="What changes should I make while bowling to get back to best of my line and length?" Tags="|cricket|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15979" CreationDate="2017-04-25T13:27:28.873" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My &lt;em&gt;guess&lt;/em&gt; is that many countries would have difficulty building a competitive roster and it helps balance the rosters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, many of the players on the Dominican team were born in the United States and are solely citizens of the United States, but have a parent from the Dominican Republic.  If the World Baseball classic had more strict rules they'd either be on the United States team or wouldn't play at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1155" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T13:27:28.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13334" CreationDate="2017-04-25T14:31:11.700" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The old saying, &quot;Opinions are like..... everyone has one&quot; rings true here. Just because a pro says it works for those he's come in contact with does not mean it's gospel truth. I bet I could find other pros who'd differ on the subject. It can be very subjective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been in the game for 30 years and coaching for 20+. I've seen more young arms sore and in pain throwing from the stretch than I ever have with the wind up. People say there are too many &quot;moving parts&quot; to the wind-up, but I don't buy it. I count 5 steps. That's not a lot. Momentum is everything. The wind-up minimizes the use of the arm, therefore reduces the chances of a painful experience. Small, weak, kids have a hard time controlling from the stretch (you'd think that not true, but it is). At the very least, a modified wind-up alleviates that to a certain degree. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My thought is, the stretch can turn into using the &lt;em&gt;arm&lt;/em&gt; more. But the wind-up uses (or should use) more of the &lt;em&gt;legs&lt;/em&gt;, which, in turn, takes away the possibility of sore arms (which I will always try and avoid with all youth players I work with). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've watched young kid after kid try and muscle the ball to the plate by using the stretch. They might throw a few good pitches, but, for the most part, it's not consistent, especially with weaker arms. And &quot;Yes&quot; BK, the stretch is more used by relievers when trying to hold runners on base. I have yet to see an MLB starter (in today's game), pitch from the stretch without runners on base. I'm sure they are out there, but they are the exception, not the rule, by any stretch (pun intended).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was at practice yesterday and some guy (with no experience) was trying to reteach my 8 year old to pitch from the stretch. I guess he did ok, but when he saw a batter he threw (maybe) 2 strikes and the rest were all over the place. Which leads me to believe that just because it might look like an easier approach, does not necessarily mean it's going to work. Also, the raw talent of the child needs to come into play. The more talented, the easier it would be to teach that child virtually anything. For others, it's more of a chore. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the child I'm speaking of went back to the wind-up, his velocity increased and he threw more strikes than during the stretch position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom line, for me is, the wind-up may have a few more moving parts, but in the end I think it's better to teach that than it is to (potentially) teach a pitching style that have the potential to put more stress on a young arm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just my opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13267" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T14:31:11.700" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16031" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16032" CreationDate="2017-04-25T17:51:53.577" Score="3" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nadal has won his 10th title on clay of Montecarlo, is this a record for winning of a single tennis tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to consider only ATP/WTA tournaments from the Open Era that begins in 1968, and only about singles tournaments, both &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example those are the record for Gran Slam category:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;men: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nadal won 9 times the French Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;women: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_women%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martina Navatrilova won 9 times Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T23:07:13.133" Title="10 title at Montecarlo for Nadal is a record?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|records|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16031" CreationDate="2017-04-25T18:21:15.463" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the ATP World Tour website (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rafael Nadal captured an incredible 10th Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters crown on Sunday in beating fellow Spaniard Albert Ramos-Vinolas 6-1, 6-3 in the 76-minute final. Nadal’s 29th ATP World Tour Masters 1000 title, one shy of record-holder Novak Djokovic (30), marks &lt;strong&gt;the first time in the Open Era (since April 1968) that any man has won a singles tournament on 10 occasions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/nadal-ramos-vinolas-monte-carlo-2017-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nadal Wins Historic 10th Monte-Carlo Title&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170425182049/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/nadal-ramos-vinolas-monte-carlo-2017-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For WTA, there is a section Most titles / finals at a single tournament in the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Tour_records#Most_titles_.2F_finals_at_a_single_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA Tour records&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WTA_Tour_records&amp;amp;oldid=776941849#Most_titles_.2F_finals_at_a_single_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), which lists 12 titles of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Navratilova&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martina Navratilova&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameritech_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ameritech Cup&lt;/a&gt; (Chicago) as the record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Information about most titles (and most consecutive titles) at a particular tournament is also given in the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_tournament_records_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis tournament records and statistics&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tennis_tournament_records_and_statistics&amp;amp;oldid=776825260&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;). However, this article is not restricted to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Era&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Open Era&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; It is probably worth adding that no too long after this question Nadal won his 10th title in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_Open_(tennis)#Winner_of_most_singles_titles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;. And in the same calendar year Nadal won his 10th singles title at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Open&lt;/a&gt;, becoming the first player to achieve this at a Grand Slam tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T10:53:56.137" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T10:53:56.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16026" CreationDate="2017-04-25T23:51:25.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Judging close ball in/out decisions is a skill that simply improves with years of practice - it is likely that you are getting the overwhelming majority of in/out decisions correct already. In many recreational leagues, where the majority of referees officiate, the field markings may be poor, making it very difficult for even the most experienced assistant referee to get these decisions right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an assistant referee, you should be positioned half-a-metre to a metre back from the touch line to avoid being struck by players or the ball, level with the offside line (either the second-last defender or the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For close touch line decisions back towards the centre of the field:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it should be enough to edge and/or lean towards the touchline and turn your head to the left directly over your shoulder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; close touch line decisions back towards the centre of the field (where the ball remains on or near the touch line for an extended period):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;place flag in the right hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;face back towards the centre line, parallel to the touch line, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ensure that as part of your movement, your right foot is landing right next to the touch line for the best angle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt; be sure to not let the offside line get away from you when you do this, however, as the second-last defender will now be in your far peripheral vision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For touch line decisions when the ball is located further towards the goal line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you're already out of position, so sprint! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;face towards the goal line, parallel to the touch line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ensure the flag is in your left hand &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ensure your left foot is landing right next to the touch line to get the best angle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt; the referee will most likely now be in your far peripheral vision, so occasionally glance back to ensure you can still see them so that you can make eye contact for the decision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For goal line decisions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;get into the habit of always following the ball all the way down to goal line &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this means also not signalling until you are stationary at the goal line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do not assume that the ball is always going to go out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this will mean you are at the goal line more consistently, and ready to make close calls &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this also ensures that you are close enough to monitor the quick taking of a goal kick / corner kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball is on the far side, step inside the field, in front of the corner flag to avoid it getting in your way&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16027/3526&quot;&gt;Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt; states to look at the line rather than the ball. I think my process is to instead look at the outside edge of the line rather than the line itself. It's entirely possible for the ball to still be in play while on the ground, with none of the ball touching the line. Therefore, instead of looking for space, check to see if none of the ball is overhanging the outside edge of the line. If this doesn't happen, the ball must still be in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is any doubt in your mind with these decisions, this is probably because there is space between the ball and the line, but the ball is still overhanging the outside edge of the line. Therefore, as is the general rule with refereeing, you should only make a ball out decision here if you're certain - a missed decision that results in play continuing is usually more forgivable than an incorrect decision that wrongly stops play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://streamable.com/815vx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This streamable&lt;/a&gt; shows the importance of not making ball out decisions unless you're entirely sure. In the first two views, with a slight angle and in real time, my guess would be that the ball is out by a number of centimetres. It is not until the clip is slowed down with an angle parallel to the goal line that you can see that part of the ball is still overhanging the goal line and the decision is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-04-26T00:10:53.173" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T00:10:53.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16045" CreationDate="2017-04-27T04:27:24.643" Score="5" ViewCount="1982" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player in football be given a red card during substitution because of entering the field long before the player being substituted exits? I'm curious to know this because in most of the matches that I've watched, the new player only enters after the substituted player exits&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13112" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-05-02T01:23:55.330" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T01:23:55.330" Title="Red card during substitution in Football" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16038" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-27T05:59:26.050" Score="2" ViewCount="1315" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were both running after the ball hard (I was in a direct line with the ball, he was not).  He barely overtook me, cut right in front of me and tripped on my running feet.  I don't know if there is the concept of a player's &quot;space&quot; in soccer, but if there is, he definitely entered &quot;my&quot; space and tripped himself.  Should this foul be against me? (it was called against me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13279" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T07:33:00.250" Title="In soccer, opponent overtook me, cut me off and tripped. Whose foul is it?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-04-28T05:31:27.747" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16038" CreationDate="2017-04-27T07:06:24.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If by &quot;player's space&quot; you meant &quot;a virtual circle around your body where an opponent cannot enter&quot;, I would say there is not such kind of rule in football. Two opponents have to struggle to possess the ball and that means sometimes they have to be very close to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even on corner or free kick situations, the defender will be very close to the attacker, even touching him with his chest, sometimes surrounding him with his body, marking him very closely. And there is nothing wrong about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On your situation, the referee interpreted that your opponent was in possession of the ball. At this moment your body can't be an obstacle of his (even if it wasn't intentional from you), hence the fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2017-04-28T07:33:00.250" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T07:33:00.250" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15544" CreationDate="2017-04-27T09:55:09.910" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's in strict contravention of the laws to field with more than 11 players (your question says they had 11 players on the field, but I think you meant 12). The umpires and the fielding captain are both at fault here, but primarily the umpires. The captain is probably at fault for not notifying the umpires of a substitute. The umpires are &lt;em&gt;certainly&lt;/em&gt; at fault for not noticing. Especially since they should have been checking regularly for fielding restriction violations since this was, you said, a 20 over game, and there's no way they would have missed the additional man if they were doing so. Conversely, if they were checking, then the additional man was hopefully only on the field for a ball or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 5 run penalty only applies if the substitute has come into contact with the ball. If he has, then that would apply. If that's not provable if he's been on the field for a long time, and in either case, then the umpires should instruct the captain to remove the 12th man from the field immediately, and report the incident to the organizers after the game as stipulated in Law 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not in law, but I would expect the opposing team to file a complaint with the organizers, and the umpires should expect a disciplinary process to follow for their poor on-field performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T09:55:09.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16028" CreationDate="2017-04-27T10:04:02.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did the same - took a lengthy break before getting back into club cricket in my 30s. A lot changes in 10 years! The length of your stride, your strength, your fitness...my advice would be, don't try to force your adult self into your youthful self's shoes. Trying to mimic the same run up is only going to frustrate you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What worked for me, was remembering the rhythm of delivery - how it felt when I bowled a good ball. Delivery stride, upper body position, arm movement, head position...that moment of delivery. Then, I went to the nets and experimented with different run ups until I felt, not the same, but similarly comfortable, at which point line and length came back quickly with practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key really being practice, though. Pound the nets until it comes back. Put markers on a good length and keep plugging at it until you can reliably put the ball where you want to, then build up the pace. And if you've lost a couple of yards of max pace, don't beat yourself up if it doesn't come back straight away or at all - work on variations instead. A surprising cutter mixed in now and then can be just as effective as a blistering yorker. If you end up with both in your bag, all the better! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T10:04:02.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15728" CreationDate="2017-04-27T10:10:56.003" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on what you mean by walking, really. I mean, these days it's uncommon for the fielding team not to appeal immediately at any whiff of a chance, however faint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't think I've ever seen a batsman walk without the fielding team at least thinking there might be a chance, and appealing. Seen them walk when the umpire gave a not-out, sure - Gilchrist's famous example was noted in another reply. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's not uncommon for batsmen to retire (hurt, for example). If that counts as walking without appeal, I guess technically I'd go with &quot;yes&quot; :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that a batsman cannot be given out without appeal (law changes re misbehavior notwithstanding), but an appeal is not required for a batsman to walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T10:10:56.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15722" CreationDate="2017-04-27T15:35:22.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing altruistic about any of the professional golf tours.  Success - either winning tournaments, money earned, or world rankings - qualifies players for entry into tournaments.  Other players gain entry either by sponsor's exemptions or by qualifying in Monday qualifying rounds. This is probably how someone like Tom Watson gains entry into a regular PGA Tour event. The Senior tours limit entry only by age.  Players must still qualify by the criteria set up by each tour.  The PGA Tour has no age limits for entry.  Simply put, if you are good enough, you get to play.  Players with past success like Tom Watson are granted entry either by sponsor's exemptions or by some other qualifying means. For example, US Open winners are granted a 10 year exemption into tournaments on the PGA Tours. If a younger player wants in, he has to play his way in. It's as simple as that. It's the ultimate survival of the &quot;fittest&quot;.  In this case fitness is judged by how well you play tournament golf.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other tournaments, like the Masters, grant entry based on several different criteria.  They make places for amateurs, players with success on other tours besides the USA PGA Tour, and all past winners are granted entry.  Regardless of the criteria, however, all these players have played their way in. When Tom Watson was young, no one granted him entry into any tournament because he needed the experience.  He had to earn it first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T15:35:22.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15537" CreationDate="2017-04-27T15:54:38.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stepping back away from the line of a good putt is only one of several body habits common among golfers.  In the case of backing away, I suspect it's derived from the professionals acknowledgement of the crowd after a made putt. Golfers I think don't want to walk down the line of their putts.  You can also see golfers holding their finish position for a long time as long as a travelling putt looks like it has a chance to go in. This actually has a biomechanical basis in integrating the good putt with the feel of the recent stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another habit is the club twirl after a particularly good feeling swing.  I never saw anyone do this before Tiger Woods, but now it's a common sight.  No one twirls their club after a poor swing.  But if someone does the characteristic stiff-arm-club-twirl-walk-after-the-shot routine, you can be sure it's going to be a good one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about the habit of not looking at the ball after a good tee shot?  If a player studies the ball flight closely, it's probably flirting with trouble.  But if he immediately reaches down for his tee, it's right down the middle.  On the other hand, a good approach iron will elicit full admiration from a player, as though to get all the good feelings out of a good swing.  Why the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another give away is to look immediately at the ground after a poor swing.  As if to blame something on the ground for your poor swing mechanics.  Again, it's a unique golf-ism.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Body english and talking to your ball are other well known golf-specific mannerisms.  As if you could telepathically influence the balls flight by twisting and turning your body or telling your ball to &quot;hurry&quot; or &quot;sit&quot; is going to do anything.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there are others but I'll end with a story from my playing days.  One of our foursome hit a short wedge thin into a tucked pin and immediately started yelling at the ball to &quot;sit! sit! sit!&quot;.  Just by coincidence there happened to be a stray dog trotting along nearby.  The dog &lt;strong&gt;immediately&lt;/strong&gt; sat down and looked at the guy doing the yelling.  We were rolling on the ground laughing, and we still get a chuckle from that decades later!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T15:54:38.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16037" CreationDate="2017-04-27T23:54:16.560" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is no, but they may be cautioned (which may indirectly result in a send-off for a second caution).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this question demonstrates why it is important to get the terminology used in the Laws of the Game correct so that there is no ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As defined throughout &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3 - The Players&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt; is one of the (up to) 11 active participants in the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;em&gt;substitute&lt;/em&gt; is one of the potential replacements for a player, who must be named before the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;em&gt;substituted player&lt;/em&gt; is a participant who was previously a player and was replaced by a substitute and may not take any further part in the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/substitution-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.3 - Substitution Procedure&lt;/a&gt;, when a substitution occurs - a &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt; becomes a &lt;em&gt;substituted player&lt;/em&gt; and a &lt;em&gt;substitute&lt;/em&gt; becomes a &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt;. If return substitutions are in use for the match, the &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt; instead becomes a &lt;em&gt;substitute&lt;/em&gt; (that is, they may be used again).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to answer the question, which appears to be about a &lt;em&gt;substitute&lt;/em&gt; entering the field too early (not a &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt;), the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/substitution-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;substitution procedure&lt;/a&gt; also states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The substitute only enters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;during a stoppage in play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at the halfway line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after the player being replaced has left&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after receiving a signal from the referee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/infringements-and-sanctions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;infringements and sanctions&lt;/a&gt; section of Law 3 - The Players (section 3.5) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any other infringements of this Law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the players&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; are cautioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;play is restarted with an indirect free kick, from the position of the ball when play was stopped&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - I've just gone on a tirade about using the correct terminology, and here we have an example of the Laws themselves being incorrect. This sanction does not just apply to &lt;em&gt;players&lt;/em&gt;, but also to &lt;em&gt;substitutes&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;substituted players&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2 - This is only if the offence happened while the ball was still in play and isn't one punished by a direct free kick. If the ball was still in play, and as in this specific example, the substitute has entered the field incorrectly, the restart is a direct free kick [&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.7&lt;/a&gt;]. If the ball is out of play, play restarts with the previous restart [&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.4&lt;/a&gt;].&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore in practice, if substitutes are entering the field before the other player has left during the substitution procedure, in practice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the offence is only minor, the referee will use their discretion granted by &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5, Section 2, Paragraph 1&lt;/a&gt; to either ignore the offence or warn the team to adhere to the correct substitution procedure.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the offence is blatant or the procedure continues being flouted by a team after having been warned, the referee will ask the substitute to leave the field, caution them for &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee’s permission&lt;/a&gt;, and have them then re-enter the field correctly (provided by that point the player being substituted has left) to complete the substitution procedure correctly and become a valid player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If this is the substitute's second caution, they are &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sent off for receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/a&gt; and instead do not re-enter the field as a player after being sanctioned. Since they never became a player (and the player leaving never became a substitute / substituted player), the team does not play short. They may either opt for the player that was being replaced to continue, or use another substitute (if there are any eligible substitutes remaining).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T01:13:21.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16038" CreationDate="2017-04-28T00:33:59.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of factors to consider here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important is whether the ball is in playing distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 2 - Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the opponent’s path to obstruct, block, slow down or force a change of direction when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player &lt;em&gt;barely&lt;/em&gt; overtook you, and the ball is not in playing distance&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; of either of you, the player has committed the indirect free kick offence of &lt;em&gt;impeding the progress of an opponent without contact being made&lt;/em&gt;. However, since contact subsequently occurred before play could be stopped, the offence becomes the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;direct free kick offence&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;em&gt;impeding an opponent with contact&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - As &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_glossary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;defined by IFAB&lt;/a&gt; (PDF link), &lt;em&gt;playing distance&lt;/em&gt; means:&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Distance to the ball which allows a player to touch the ball by extending the foot/leg or jumping or, for goalkeepers, jumping with arms extended. Distance depends on the physical size of the player&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a concept of personal space, or a &lt;em&gt;right to position&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.2&lt;/a&gt;, but it only extends to the space you are occupying, not the space around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All players have a right to their position on the field of play; being in the way of an opponent is not the same as moving into the way of an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that even if the the ball is in playing distance, the opposing player is not free to carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force, push, charge or otherwise knock you out of that position. However they may:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the ball was in playing distance, the referee needs to make a judgement call. Some of the considerations that would be made as part of this decision are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did the opponent make an effort to shield or play the ball?&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If so, and you had ample time to stop, or were otherwise careless (e.g. moving towards the ball at high speed, with no regard as to who was around you), the opponent will most likely receive a free kick as you have committed the offence of &lt;em&gt;carelessly trips an opponent&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If before the contact, you and the opponent were fairly charging each other, and then you've continued the contact after the player has won the contest and placed themselves between you and the ball, the referee may deem this to be &lt;em&gt;carelessly charging an opponent&lt;/em&gt; and also award a free kick to the opposing team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you had no ability to stop and weren't being careless, the physical contact that occurred may just be a natural consequence of an opponent placing themselves between a moving player and the ball and play. If this was the case, play would continue. It's a common occurrence for two players to fairly attempt to enter the same space at the same time and for one to come off second best.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the player didn't really make an effort to shield or play the ball, and their movement had the sole effect of creating contact with you, the referee may decide to award a direct free kick to you as the opponent has &lt;em&gt;carelessly tripped an opponent&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;carelessly charged an opponent&lt;/em&gt;. This usually occurs if an opponent just throws their legs and not their body between a player and the ball, without making contact with the ball, or throws their weight back into the oncoming player as part of the shielding process. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T00:33:59.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16048" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-28T02:37:48.470" Score="1" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently watching a NBA match and what I want to know is that why is the crowd (including cameramen) so close to the end of the court? Why don't they keep an higher distant gap? I've often seen players bumping into the crowd. So why do they still maintain such a small gap?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13112" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-04-28T05:46:04.793" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T05:48:25.320" Title="Distance between court &amp; crowd in Basketball" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16048" CreationDate="2017-04-28T05:48:25.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because fans &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to be that close to the action, and are prepared to pay seriously big amounts of money for those seats. As with any other sport, the NBA is in the business of entertainment, so you give the punters what they'll pay for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T05:48:25.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25491" CreationDate="2017-04-29T11:19:27.127" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;During certain types of dismissals (caught, run-out and obstructing the field), the on-strike batsman after the dismissal is determined based on the position of the not-out batsman on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If they were taking a run and the not-out batsman had &lt;strong&gt;crossed their partner&lt;/strong&gt; when the catch was taken or the run out occurred then the &lt;strong&gt;not-out batsman would have to switch ends.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On the other hand if the not-out batsman hadn't crossed the middle of the pitch he would have to continue on the same end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples to understand the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batsman on-strike is caught behind and the non-strike batsman hasn't left his crease then the new batsman in takes strike.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batsman on-strike is caught while taking a single and the batsmen have completed a run meanwhile then the not-out batsman takes strike because he has crossed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batsman on-strike is run-out while completing his second run, the new batsman in takes strike because the not-out batsman is back to his original end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules are described in detail in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18 (Section 11 &amp;amp; 12)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 11:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. Batsman returning to original end&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) When a batsman is dismissed, the not out batsman shall return to his original end&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) if the striker is himself dismissed in the circumstances of Law 2.8(d) (Transgression of the Laws by a batsman who has a runner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) and, with the three exceptions of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Run out other than in (i) above&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Caught&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Obstructing the field,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for all other methods of dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12. Batsman returning to wicket he has left&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) When a batsman is dismissed Caught, Obstructing the field or Run out other than under Law 2.8, the not out batsman shall return to the wicket he has left but only if the batsmen had not already crossed at the instant of the incident causing the dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6144" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T10:33:16.670" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T10:33:16.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16054" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16055" CreationDate="2017-04-29T11:40:05.100" Score="4" ViewCount="24724" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the bowling end changed regularly (i.e. after every over) in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T21:15:22.573" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T21:15:22.573" Title="Why is the bowling end changed every over in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16054" CreationDate="2017-04-29T12:17:12.080" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Switching of batting and bowling ends after every over is done to make the game fair and reduce any advantage due to external factors such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wind direction&lt;/strong&gt; (which might support the batsman or the bowler)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ground dimensions&lt;/strong&gt; (the ground might have certain boundaries shorter or longer than the others)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pitch conditions&lt;/strong&gt; (batting continuously on one side might degrade the pitch from that end; one side might have more spin or bounce than the other)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an added bonus, it even helps improve the viewing angles of the crowd since both ends get to face the on-strike batsman every alternate over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6144" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T12:17:12.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5618" CreationDate="2017-04-29T16:42:44.600" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a while, my throws were like huge blooper rainbows.  Then after watching the cubs win the world series, and chapman pitch the 100mph, I began to use his windup as a strategy.  I would raise my knee, then take a step forward (not too big, or you'll lose your balance) and let it fly.  For a while, I was trying to throw it like a football, which is directly over the shoulder, but that doesn't work.  It ends up going down as soon as you let go.  If you twist, and bend your arm, you can add curve, and a nice rise to the ball.  My best shot was from 20 feet.  It was fast, and curved upwards, and smacked them in the left leg.  If this starts to hurt your arm, whatever you do, take a break from throwing like this.  There is a reason chapman doesn't pitch the whole game.  After throwing to your arms limit, it can get painful.  Do not throw like this if you are afraid of pain.  Also, make sure you throw it down, because if you throw this at their chest, they will catch it.  If it doesn't curve, it kind of floats, and wobbles through the air like a knuckleball, and is surprisingly easy to catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13286" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T16:42:44.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7466" CreationDate="2017-04-30T05:58:13.787" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The immediately adjacent pitches (the &quot;square&quot;) can be used as spare pitches if the main pitch is deemed unplayable before the game. That's very rare, though, and I've never seen it happen; conditions which would render the chosen pitch unplayable almost always affect the entire ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the pitches well off​ to the side are simply practice pitches. They're far too off-centre to be used for play. Teams want to get some practice on pitches as close to the match condition as possible, but using the main pitch would risk damage and is prohibited by law 17 on any day of a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit to clarify: don't think I've ever seen a pitch swapped once handed over by the ground staff, but it's not uncommon for a club groundsman to change his mind about which pitch to prepare, if one has dried better than another, for eg. Not at professional level though; changing pitches is more complicated because of realigning the multitude of cameras and radar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastEditorUserId="9915" LastEditDate="2017-04-30T09:31:51.307" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T09:31:51.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16061" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-01T14:18:50.597" Score="1" ViewCount="1101" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a technical foul occurs before tipoff how does that change the start of game procedures throughout each of the different levels of basketball, and who is considered as having first possession for the possesion arrow in leagues which use possession arrows?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T19:00:18.950" Title="techincal foul before tipoff" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13027" CreationDate="2017-05-01T17:20:59.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the rule book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.1 REFEREE UNIFORM&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... It is also occasionally important that players, who are frequently looking down at the ground, be able to identify the referee quickly by differences in the shoes. Accordingly, the referee’s shoes should be predominantly black, clean, polished, and neatly tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, only black, none others. Obviously depends on the level of the referee and the level of game their officiating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12499" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T17:20:59.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16079" CreationDate="2017-05-02T00:27:10.623" Score="5" ViewCount="4380" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hockey goalies wear glove on one hand to catch the puck. I've seen the goalies freeze the puck by putting their glove on the puck when it's on ice feet outside of the crease. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the goalie limitations to use their glove to freeze the puck or catch a shot? Where can the goalie not use is glove?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T07:33:22.110" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T04:35:06.077" Title="How far out of the net can a goalie freeze the puck in the NHL?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16064" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-05-02T00:38:10.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding goalies, their plays and stats in Football(soccer), Handball, Ice hockey, field hockey,  Lacrosse, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-05-02T05:09:03.380" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T05:09:03.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16065" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-05-02T00:38:10.300" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding goalies, their plays and stats in Football(soccer), Handball, Ice hockey, field hockey,  Lacrosse, etc." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-05-02T05:08:39.463" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T05:08:39.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16066" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-02T06:03:44.560" Score="-2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;During football matches intervals, between halves or before overtime, are the referees able to take a look at the dubious episodes of the first half?  Should they be able to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T04:04:43.430" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T04:04:43.430" Title="Can the referees self-evaluate during the breaks/intervals?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-05-03T07:50:46.217" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16066" CreationDate="2017-05-02T07:15:11.397" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they can review fragments if they want to and if it is available. Whether they should or not is an opinion. I'm not even sure myself if I'd want to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T07:15:11.397" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16069" CreationDate="2017-05-02T11:45:45.970" Score="2" ViewCount="4949" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume that there are two balls left on the table (black and white). Can I call the pocket which is called by my opponent in his turn? We do not allow it, but we are not sure where the rule is coming from. I could not find such a thing on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13296" LastEditorUserId="13296" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T14:32:23.127" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T12:27:18.243" Title="In 8 ball, can I call the same pocket with my opponent for the last ball?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16068" CreationDate="2017-05-02T12:27:21.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;U.S. 8-Ball Rules&lt;/a&gt; do not contain any such rule; in theory you would have to read the entire rulebook to prove the negative, but Rule 6 &quot;Call Pocket&quot; is probably a good section to quote if you want to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, if you're playing under a different set of rules, then refer to the rule book for whichever rules you're using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T12:27:21.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16070" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16071" CreationDate="2017-05-02T15:21:37.230" Score="2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this rule &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2-8 Safety Play Prior to any shot except the break, you may declare a&#xA;  safety. On a safety, your inning ends after the shot regardless of&#xA;  whether you pocket any ball. If you do not declare a safety and you&#xA;  pocket a ball on an obvious shot, your inning continues and you must&#xA;  shoot again. A safety must meet the requirements of Rule 1.19, Legal&#xA;  Shot, or it is a foul. (AR p. 77, 103)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;at this site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.playcsipool.com/uploads/7/3/5/9/7359673/2014-2015_official_rules_of_csi.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.playcsipool.com/uploads/7/3/5/9/7359673/2014-2015_official_rules_of_csi.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure I understand the rule. Why would you ever call &quot;safety&quot; instead of calling a random ball in pocket on the off chance that you make it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13297" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T15:28:44.950" Title="What is Safety Play?" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-05-08T19:00:23.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16070" CreationDate="2017-05-02T15:28:44.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because after a safety, you're hoping to leave the balls in such a situation that it's difficult for your opponent to pot anything, so they make a mistake which opens up the table. The last thing that you want to happen is that you leave the cue ball (e.g.) tight on the rail behind a couple of other balls and then &lt;em&gt;you have to take another shot&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T15:28:44.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12233" CreationDate="2017-05-02T18:07:53.130" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the defense quality of certain teams plays a big role. For example, Juventus in the season 2015/16 is a team that did not create very many chances in most games compared to teams like roma(seria A), Barcelona(laliga), Arsenal(epl) or Real madrid(laliga) just to name a few. By this I mean, in most cases their ELO ratings ranged between 30-50, whereas teams like arsenal and barcelona it would range mostly between 40-70. However, they were solid in defence, and even now I see them win so many games by single goal diffences especially away from home. To strengthen this fact, the season 2015/16, Juventus had an average conceeding rate on 0.53 whereas they scored 1.97 averagely, matches with odd goals where 21 while even goals were 17, but they only drew in goalless matches twice both away. This shows that their ability to defend was a major key factor in them winning matches.&#xA;refer these statistics from Punterslounge.com&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13300" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T18:07:53.130" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5028" CreationDate="2017-05-02T21:24:21.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's for fashion; players don't like chunky shin pads bulging out their socks. They like to look more streamline and quicker which is why you will mostly find defenders with the low socks and thick shin pads because they're normally more rough and don't care about appearance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13302" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T04:04:31.170" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T04:04:31.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16074" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-03T00:39:06.970" Score="1" ViewCount="967" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball is batted in foul territory and is fielded in foul territory but the ball bounces off the fielders glove and lands in fair territory, is it fair or Foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13303" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T22:38:15.503" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T22:38:15.503" Title="Is this fair or foul?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15810" CreationDate="2017-05-03T01:33:07.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can change the speed, there are a few ways to do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can change the weight of the BBs you use. The heavier the BB, the lower the speed. Please keep in mind most fields do not measure by speed in fps but by energy in joules, as the &quot;force&quot; or how much the BB will hurt, is dependent on joules not fps, so check where you're playing to see what their limit is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can change the inner spring, obviously the weaker the spring the lower the speed in fps, please don't cut your spring; that will ruin it. Just buy a lower power one, they go by units of measure for example m110 meaning a velocity of 110 metres per second using 0.20g BBs. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally recommend doing both, as the heavier the BB the less the wind and air pressure will affect it equating to a more accurate shot, but changing the BB weight will not change the force exerted by the BB so you should also change out the spring if you want it to hurt less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13305" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T06:07:38.693" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T06:07:38.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8574" CreationDate="2017-05-03T01:36:23.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;100% buy a smaller battery, to rewrite the gun you will have to take apart the entire gun, including the gearbox and reorganize it, not to mention some guns don't have the proper holes to rout the wires to a crane stock. You can get pretty powerful batteries that are fairly small, surely small enough for it to fit in the rails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13305" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T01:36:23.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16074" CreationDate="2017-05-03T08:22:54.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball is foul and the play is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt; reference defines a fair ball (Definitions section, page 142 in linked version):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that settles on fair ground between home&#xA;and first base, or between home and third base, or that is on or over&#xA;fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third base,&#xA;or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls on&#xA;fair territory on or beyond first base or third base, or that, &lt;strong&gt;while&#xA;on or over fair territory touches the person of an umpire or player&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;or that, while over fair territory, passes out of the playing field in&#xA;flight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fair fly shall be judged according to the relative position&#xA;of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to&#xA;whether the fielder is on fair or foul territory at the time he&#xA;touches the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball in the scenario touched a person not over fair territory, but over foul territory.  The place it eventually struck the ground after such a contact is not relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T08:22:54.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16078" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-03T11:23:17.270" Score="4" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NI4L3.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NI4L3.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do people call it, when you dribble the ball over the defender on one side while yourself passing through the other side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13306" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-03T11:53:04.307" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T01:58:43.550" Title="What is this type of dribbling called in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16063" CreationDate="2017-05-03T19:09:50.817" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this deals with the flow of the game, and specifically rule 63 &quot;delay of game penalty&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanation starts on &lt;a href=&quot;http://1.cdn.nhle.com/downloads/2016-17_RuleBook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt; page 88&lt;/a&gt; and describes that a goaltender may use his equipment in the defensive zone other than to intentionally delay the game in so far as he is being &quot;checked&quot; or influenced to do so by an opponent. A goal tender may not play the puck behind the goal line except for the area within the trapezoid directly behind the net as doing so would result in a minor penalty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T19:09:50.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8786" CreationDate="2017-05-03T20:03:26.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can not comment as a new user. In addition to the answer provided by @Duncan being on the same side as the &quot;regular&quot; assistant referee makes it possible for the referee to see them from his/her regular position. Remember that the position on the field for the referee should &quot;follow the diagonal&quot;. Should the additional assistant be on the opposite side, they would be in almost the same spot as te referee and/or outside of the direct line of vision. In order to judge if the ball has crossed the goal line you have to be on that line, the referee would rarely be in that exact position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T20:03:26.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16082" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-04T13:03:27.867" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's start with an example. Boxing is often scored after the 10-point-must-system. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The most widely used scoring system since the mid-twentieth century is&#xA;  the &quot;10-point must system&quot;, so named because a judge &quot;must&quot; award ten&#xA;  points to at least one fighter each round (before deductions for&#xA;  fouls). Most rounds are scored 10-9, with 10 points for the fighter&#xA;  who won the round, and 9 points for the fighter the judge believes&#xA;  lost the round. If a round is judged to be even, it is scored 10-10.&#xA;  For each knockdown in a round, the judge deducts an additional point&#xA;  from the fighter knocked down, resulting in a 10-8 score if there is&#xA;  one knockdown or a 10-7 score if there are two knockdowns. If the&#xA;  referee instructs the judges to deduct a point for a foul, this&#xA;  deduction is applied after the preliminary computation. So, if a&#xA;  fighter wins a round, but is penalized for a foul, the score changes&#xA;  from 10-9 to 9-9. If that same fighter scored a knockdown in the&#xA;  round, the score would change from 10-8 in his favor to 9-8.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as I don't miss something it would be exactly the same with just smaller numbers. You would get the same results with for example 3, 2, 1, 0. Boxer A wins two rounds with 10, looses a round with 9 and one with 8. Boxer B looses two times with 8 and wins two times with 10 accordingly. &#xA;It doesn't really matter if Boxer A wins with 37 (10 + 10 + 9 + 8) or 9 (3 + 3 + 2 + 1) since Boxer B has either 36 (8 + 8 + 10 + 10) or 8 (1 + 1 + 3 + 3). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most widely used scoring system since the mid-twentieth century is the &quot;3-point must system&quot;, so named because a judge &quot;must&quot; award three points to at least one fighter each round (before deductions for fouls). Most rounds are scored 3-2, with 3 points for the fighter who won the round, and 2 points for the fighter the judge believes lost the round. If a round is judged to be even, it is scored 3-3. (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just an example. I know at least archery* which has a similar &quot;problem&quot;. Why do we have such systems? I mean it just increases the numbers but adds no value to the scoreboards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*) In 3D archery a scoring system like this exists: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 20, target 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 14, target 10&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 8, target 4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A scoring like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 10, target 8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 7, target 5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arrow bulls-eye 4, target 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would create exactly the same result. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9445" LastEditorUserId="9445" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T13:22:02.353" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T13:43:55.180" Title="Why are scoring numbers in sports sometimes unnecessary high?" Tags="|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16082" CreationDate="2017-05-04T13:43:55.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally the idea of picking a top score is to start with a &quot;perfect&quot; and knock points off for infractions etc., than to add points for &quot;better&quot; scores - as that could lead to boundless scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why in your example the numbers are 16, 10, 4 rather than 8, 5 and 2 - the most likely is to provide space for forfeits, which, at 1 point each have less effect on the score than if points were awarded at half the value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalties have more of an effect under UK Archery scoring, which is 10 for the inner ring, down to 1 for the 10th, or outer ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T13:43:55.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16088" CreationDate="2017-05-04T16:27:32.453" Score="2" ViewCount="7968" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen a match score card, where Mitali Raj (India) was shown &lt;strong&gt;retd out&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is &quot;retired out&quot; in cricket? When is a player declared retired out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13315" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T18:26:13.253" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T18:26:13.253" Title="What is retired out in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-07-06T12:35:38.977" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16085" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-04T16:45:10.963" Score="0" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter hits a home run, the ball leaves the field of play. The batter does not tag home plate in a celebration. The umpire gives the catcher a new ball. The batter goes back to touch home plate but the catcher tags the batter and the umpire calls the batter out. Run does not count. Is the batter out or safe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13316" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T17:17:47.200" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T17:17:47.200" Title="Home run scored or out" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16085" CreationDate="2017-05-04T17:11:47.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am referencing Major League Baseball's &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/4/0/224919040/2017_Official_Baseball_Rules_dbt69t59.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules for 2017 (pdf)&lt;/a&gt;. On page 49, under rule 5.09(c) - Appeal plays, it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;...&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;(4) He fails to touch home base and makes no attempt to&#xA;  return to that base, and home base is tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also cite rule 5.02 on page 34, which says (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.02 After the umpire calls “Play” the ball is alive and in play and remains alive and in play until for legal cause, or at the umpire’s call of “Time” suspending play, the ball becomes dead. &lt;strong&gt;While the ball is dead no player may be put out, no bases may be run and no runs may be scored, except that runners may advance one or more bases as the result of acts which occurred while the ball was alive (such as, but not limited to a balk, an overthrow, interference, or a home run or other fair ball hit out of the playing field).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and rule 5.12 about dead balls, which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the ball is dead, play shall be resumed when the pitcher takes his place on the pitcher’s plate with a new ball or the same ball in his possession and the plate umpire calls “Play.” The plate umpire shall call “Play” as soon as the pitcher takes his place on his plate with the ball in his possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the ball was dead (by virtue of being a homerun). From Rule 5.02, no player may be put out while the ball is dead. According to rule 5.12, the ball is not &quot;Live&quot; yet, since the pitcher had not taken his place on the plate with a new ball and the umpire didn't say &quot;Play&quot;. The batter &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt; trying to return to the base while the ball was still dead. So I'd conclude that the requirements for 4.09(c)(4) were not met and the player should have been safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T17:11:47.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16089" CreationDate="2017-05-04T17:38:26.647" Score="1" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I see track athletics on TV, for example at the Olympics, I see a gun is used to start a race. Why is a gun is used instead of, for example, a whistle? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13317" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-05-05T14:34:04.173" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T14:34:04.173" Title="Gun at start of run" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16084" CreationDate="2017-05-04T18:12:27.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is very clearly covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.9&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batsman retiring&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batsman may retire at any time during his innings when the ball is dead. The umpires, before allowing play to proceed shall be informed of the reason for a batsman retiring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) If a batsman retires because of illness, injury or any other unavoidable cause, he is entitled to resume his innings subject to (c) below. If for any reason he does not do so, his innings is to be recorded as ‘Retired - not out’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) If a batsman retires for any reason other than as in (a) above, he may resume his innings only with the consent of the opposing captain. If for any reason he does not resume his innings it is to be recorded as ‘Retired - out’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the Cricbuzz scorecard you've linked to indicates, this was a bit of a strange situation in that the Indian Women continued to bat after reaching their target of 107 runs - basically at this point it had turned into a practice match, so a couple of the Indian women retired to let the rest of the team have a go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T18:12:27.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16087" CreationDate="2017-05-04T18:24:44.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A gun provides a single, relatively discrete sound at a relatively constant volume throughout a meeting. The volume of a whistle will vary from blow to blow, depending on how it's blown. Also, a whistle is not a sharp sound; it's harder to pinpoint the exact moment of race starting, which is both challenging to the athletes and also difficult for the race timers in events where finish times are sliced to thousandths of a second. (Results are listed to hundredths with automatic timing, but the systems can time to thousandths; the extra precision is used to separate ties.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This last is perhaps more important: in the days of Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) the starting signal needs to trigger the timing system. A specially configured starter's pistol can do that, but there have also been systems using a different audible signal, e.g. a loud handclap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T18:24:44.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15520" CreationDate="2017-05-04T20:45:18.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to a USA Triathlon judge whom I asked in person: even if the rider ahead, whom you are attempting to pass, speeds up during your overtake, YOU MUST still complete your overtake. If not you are liable for a penalty. In his [joking] words: &quot;it's a race after all&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address the second question, refer to 5.10.h.(1): yes, you can enter the draft zone during the overtake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12853" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T20:45:18.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16092" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-05T08:17:34.340" Score="1" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, most sports have local amateur teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sports have a professional team or two for each town or city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sports have teams who represent their nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only one I know of tho have county (regional) teams is Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it the only one? And if so, why this distinction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13318" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T06:48:59.883" Title="Is Cricket the only sport which is played at a county level?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-05T08:34:58.477" Score="1" ViewCount="27986" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA a team enters the bonus when the opposing team commits 5 fouls. Seems simple, but the more games I watch the more different scenario's I see for a team to get into the bonus. Are there any other criteria a team can meet to get into the bonus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have watched game 7 of the NBA Finals in which the Cleveland Cavaliers had &quot;a foul to give&quot; on the last possession. Is this the foul the Cavaliers can commit before the Warriors would be sent to the free throw line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T23:58:39.727" Title="How does one team &quot;enter the bonus&quot; in an NBA game" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16092" CreationDate="2017-05-05T08:52:16.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of rubgy competitions which are county based, or close to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;English rugby union has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Championship_(rugby_union)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;county championship&lt;/a&gt;, although it is at a lower level than the professional game which is traditionally club based.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Australian rugby league has the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Origin_series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;State of Origin series&lt;/a&gt;, where players from New South Wales and Queensland compete against each other. While this is secondary to the main NRL competition, it is still a significant honour to be selected for the series. English rugby league used to have the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_War_of_the_Roses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;War of the Roses&lt;/a&gt; between Yorkshire and Lancashire, but that is both discontinued and was never as prestigious as the State of Origin series.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-05-05T10:34:53.990" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T10:34:53.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16093" CreationDate="2017-05-05T15:31:13.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have it mostly correct. It should be noted that offensive fouls do not count toward the bonus, though. So one team could commit 5 fouls on the offensive end in a single quarter, but the other team would not be heading to the line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding Game 7 of the 2016 Finals - you are spot on. If a team has not reached the foul limit for a quarter, any remaining fouls are referred to as &quot;fouls to give&quot; - meaning that the team can commit tactical fouls without sending an opposing player to the line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having a &quot;foul to give&quot; can be especially useful in late game situations, as it disrupts the other team's offensive flow and minimizes the amount of time they have to get a good shot off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13319" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T15:31:13.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-05T21:36:04.313" Score="3" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;When the puck goes outside the playing area directly off the face-&#xA;off, regardless as to which player may have last contacted the puck, &#xA;the face-off shall remain in the same spot and no penalty will be &#xA;assessed to either team for delaying the game.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems fairly straightforward, but I have a question about interpretation. Does this simply mean cases where the puck is pulled out of play by one of the two centers participating in the faceoff, and the puck goes out of play without touching or deflecting off a winger or defenseman, or can the language be interpreted to include situations where the puck is drawn back by either of the centers and it immediately glances off another player on either team as a direct result of the won faceoff being drawn to them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, does &quot;directly&quot; refer to timing and include immediate subsequent deflections as a result of a faceoff, or does it only refer to the centers taking the draw and either of them propelling the puck out of play (non-deflected) off the faceoff? The added part about delay of game seems to support the non-deflected case. Is that Right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastActivityDate="2018-05-13T23:50:18.607" Title="Puck going out of bounds 'directly' off faceoff" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16093" CreationDate="2017-05-05T23:58:39.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in section in rule 12, section V of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/official-nba-rule-book-2015-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; (page 46 for the linked edition).  Although commonly called the &quot;Bonus&quot;, the rules refer to this as the &quot;penalty&quot; or the &quot;free throw penalty situation&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a regulation quarter, you get 4 common fouls without penalty, while in an overtime period you get only 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the final 2 minutes of a period, you have a maximum of one more foul without penalty (even if you have committed zero fouls to that point).  So 2 fouls in the final minute would guarantee penalty throws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T23:58:39.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16078" CreationDate="2017-05-06T07:02:51.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Arbitrary street ball move. Could say it was an in-and-out dribble into a wrap around pass to himself. Either way, nice move if you can get away with it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-05-06T07:02:51.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13130" CreationDate="2017-05-06T07:16:56.637" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a simple premise.  The best players in the entire world (including the best international players) play in the NBA.  Therefore, champions = &quot;world champions&quot;, aka winners at the highest level of basketball competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-05-06T07:16:56.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-07T00:14:38.660" Score="3" ViewCount="1341" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pittsburgh Pirates just made a couple of egregious ones. Frank Cervelli doubled.&#xA;John Jaso doubled, and Frank Cervelli stopped at third, instead of scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With one out, on the following play, Jordy Mercer flied out Cervelli came home. But John Jaso was &quot;picked off&quot; running to third, preventing the run from scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet I didn't see these miscues scored as error. All the errors I see are defensive errors? Why is that, is that because offensive errors are so rare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T19:58:29.040" Title="Is there something called an offensive error in baseball? If not, why not?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16104" CreationDate="2017-05-07T11:49:43.533" Score="2" ViewCount="1342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team B receives serve and over passes the volleyball towards team A. The ball is high and crosses the plane of the net in the front zone of team A's court. The middle blocker of team A approaches in an attacking motion, swings his arm contacting the ball above the height of the net and hits the ball into the net. Then the middle blocker from team A plays the ball again and his team completes 2 more contacts to return the ball to team B. Is this a legal play by team A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13327" LastActivityDate="2023-07-13T19:09:38.373" Title="Volleyball: Can an attack hit be considered a block" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16103" CreationDate="2017-05-07T13:03:33.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;By defintion, a attack hit is not a block (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 13.1.1&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, &lt;strong&gt;with the&#xA;  exception of service and block&lt;/strong&gt;, are considered as attack hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). However, that's not really the question you're asking here, which is &quot;was the action of the middle blocker on team A a block or an attack hit?&quot;. For this, refer to Rule 14.1.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball&#xA;  coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net,&#xA;  regardless of the height of the ball contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the sound of it, the middle blocker's action was not an attempt to intercept the ball, but instead a separate attempt to spike the ball, so it should not be counted as a block and team A should be whistled for a double hit. This is always a judgement call on the part of the referee, but most cases are fairly obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T13:03:33.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16102" CreationDate="2017-05-07T17:37:03.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, only defensive errors are recorded. I think, in part, this is due to the nature of such errors. If the shortstop lets a ground ball go under his glove, for example, that is clear mistake for which he is at fault. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While plenty of offensive players make boneheaded baserunning mistakes, they are decidedly less common than fielding errors. Furthermore, oftentimes these mistakes are really the result of great plays by the fielders (such as the situation you describe above). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get a runner who is tagging on a fly ball, the throw has to be in time, perfectly on line, and the tag must be applied before the runner arrives. In that situation, it is less a matter of the runner making a negative play than the fielders making positive ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13319" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T17:37:03.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16106" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-07T18:56:12.990" Score="-1" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many home teams have won game 4 after being down 0-3? A friend is saying it never happens. I disagree, it must happen sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13328" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T09:21:21.800" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T09:21:21.800" Title="NBA game 4 home winners after trailing 0-3" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9202" CreationDate="2017-05-07T21:26:50.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sunday, May 6, 1917, Bob Groom  got a save in the first game of a doubleheader for the St. Louis Browns over the Chicago White Sox. In the second game he got the win, pitching a no-hitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13329" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T21:26:50.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16148" CreationDate="2017-05-08T00:23:23.190" Score="2" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the middle and high school level, are there differences in rates and severity of injury, between girls' and boys' lacrosse?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a difference, what would explain it, in terms of actual play? Potential factors are safety gear, rules, customs, or style, but others can be included where necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read some newspaper articles with photographs showing boys waving sticks and hitting players.  It seems to be called &quot;checking.&quot; We got a glimpse of a girls' lacrosse game and got the impression they had less protective gear and used the sticks less as weapons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My concern originated from reading a newspaper report of a college lacrosse player dying after getting hit by the ball in the chest.  I believe there was some sort of heart abnormality that hadn't been detected previously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: My son finally wore me down and he has now played one season of high school lacrosse.  He played defense.  He claims this is a less dangerous position (&quot;I don't get hit with a stick, I'm the one hitting other people with a stick&quot;).  I went to most of the games.  I don't know if we were just lucky -- but I didn't see any injuries.  I'm still saying no to ice hockey and American football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastEditorUserId="12582" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T16:49:56.050" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T19:06:04.387" Title="Difference in injury rates between girls' and boys' lacrosse?" Tags="|equipment|injuries|gender|lacrosse|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16106" CreationDate="2017-05-08T19:02:06.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How many home teams have won game 4 after being down 0-3? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 2015, the home team with an 0-3 deficit won game 4 34 times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/playoffs/2015/05/26/james-harden-dwight-howard-rockets-warriors-kevin-mchale/27973993/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All 116 NBA teams that have faced a 3-0 deficit in a seven-game series have ultimately lost, with &lt;strong&gt;34 forcing Game 5&lt;/strong&gt;, 10 forcing Game 6&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/extendingseriestogame6.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and three forcing Game 7&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/extendingseriestogame6.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: As of the conclusion of the 2016 NBA Playoffs, the home team won game 4 in a best-of-seven playoff series 270 times&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;player=&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;lg_id=NBA&amp;amp;year_min=1947&amp;amp;year_max=2016&amp;amp;team_id=&amp;amp;opp_id=&amp;amp;is_range=Y&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;round_id=&amp;amp;best_of=7&amp;amp;team_seed=&amp;amp;opp_seed=&amp;amp;team_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;opp_seed_cmp=eq&amp;amp;game_num_type=series&amp;amp;game_num_min=4&amp;amp;game_num_max=4&amp;amp;game_month=&amp;amp;game_location=H&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;is_overtime=&amp;amp;c1stat=&amp;amp;c1comp=&amp;amp;c1val=&amp;amp;c2stat=&amp;amp;c2comp=&amp;amp;c2val=&amp;amp;c3stat=&amp;amp;c3comp=&amp;amp;c3val=&amp;amp;c4stat=&amp;amp;c4comp=&amp;amp;c4val=&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&amp;amp;order_by_asc=&amp;amp;offset=200&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-05-08T19:02:06.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16147" CreationDate="2017-05-10T21:19:18.903" Score="3" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if any closers have had a game winning hit or home run?&#xA;Since this requires the closer (pitcher) to be at bat, it implies that the game was hosted by an NL team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-05-11T19:13:36.367" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T04:05:36.697" Title="MLB closer with walk off hit" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16118" CreationDate="2017-05-10T21:52:49.153" Score="1" ViewCount="4469" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are runners on first and second with one out. The batter hits a grounder to third, which is fielded by the pitcher. The pitcher throws to first and gets the out. The runners on first and second advance. On the next at-bat, the batter singles and two runs score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why did the pitcher throw to first instead of third? Throwing to third would have been a force out (if I'm wrong about this, then of course that answers it). Furthermore, the pitcher was right next to third base when he fielded the ball, so it seems like the safer throw. Finally, getting the out at third would have prevented at least one of the runs scoring on the next at-bat. It seems like a better play all around. But the commentators never even mentioned this possibility, and in general I almost never see force outs at third. Can someone explain to me why this is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13347" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T18:16:58.950" Title="Why not get the force out at third?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16117" CreationDate="2017-05-11T00:22:37.573" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple reasons, but the primary one is thinking about the location of the runners by the time the ball is picked up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few things you're correct about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; a force out at third. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing to a closer base is generally safer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting an out at third would &lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt; have prevented at least one run from scoring.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, it's important to consider these factss:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The runner on second had a lead, and likely started running the moment contact was made (perhaps started running earlier, if the hit and run was on).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batter has to pivot before he starts moving towards first, and doesn't get a lead.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The position of the other infielders matters. The third baseman may not have been in position while the first baseman was.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first two points above combine to mean that when the pitcher gets the ball, the runner on second is much closer to third than the batter is to first. Thus, if he throws to third the runner may be safe anyway. Throwing to first is almost a guaranteed out - although the risk of a wild throw is higher, it's still pretty low for most infielders and pitchers. They practice this a lot. You'd also need a very fast runner to beat out a throw to first in most infield grounder situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the third issue, if the third baseman was also charging the ball, then he would not have been in position to receive the throw at third and thus get the out. The first baseman would have been moving towards first as soon as the ball was hit and he recognized it wasn't coming his way, so he is going to be there, ready for the ball. The pitcher should check third if he has time, but if there's a fast runner or the ball was a slow roller, he may be concerned about missing both outs if the third baseman isn't there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, without seeing the play, it's hard to know just how close the pitcher and third baseman were to third, but these would be the most obvious reasons I can think of for the play happening the way you describe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastEditorUserId="6049" LastEditDate="2017-05-11T19:28:01.347" LastActivityDate="2017-05-11T19:28:01.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16119" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16120" CreationDate="2017-05-11T14:58:14.290" Score="4" ViewCount="2101" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is similar to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15/why-was-the-marathon-world-record-not-20302-in-2011&quot;&gt;Why was the marathon World Record not 2:03:02 in 2011?&lt;/a&gt; but the circumstances are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017 Nike launched an effort to run a sub-2-hour marathon, which they billed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/justdoit/what-is-breaking2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Breaking2&lt;/a&gt;. At the culmination of the program, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliud_Kipchoge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eliud Kipchoge&lt;/a&gt; ran 2:00:25 for 26.2 miles, more than two minutes faster than the standing world record of 2:02:57 (set by Dennis Kimetto in 2014). The time is not recorded as the world record, however. Why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-05-11T18:31:33.777" LastActivityDate="2017-05-11T18:31:33.777" Title="Why was Eliud Kipchoge's time from Nike's Breaking2 not a world record?" Tags="|records|running|marathon|road-running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16119" CreationDate="2017-05-11T14:58:14.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fundamental reason for Kipchoge's time not &quot;counting&quot; as a record is the nature of the Breaking2 project. Speculation about the possibility of a sub-2-hour marathon in the past focused on the various factors outside human potential which limited previous times. The Breaking2 project aimed to minimize these factors and reach for a best possible performance, and in the process knowingly discarded several conditions required for a record:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perhaps most significantly, the runners were escorted by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/2-hour-marathon/what-it-was-like-to-pace-the-fastest-marathon-in-history&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a rotating crew of pacemakers&lt;/a&gt;, in shifts of six, who would run goal pace in a phalanx in front of Kipchoge et al to protect them from wind, domestique fluids and fuel, etc. While pacemakers are often present in record-setting races, they are required to start with other competitors, and once they leave the race they can't rejoin. Breaking2 pacers would be replaced by fresh runners mid-race, and each &quot;shift&quot; got 30 minutes of rest before returning to the run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Record &quot;races&quot; generally require a certain number of finishers; Breaking2 had only three.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The lead car in Breaking2 offered some assistance to the athletes, projecting a line for goal pace on the course and employing a large video screen to both feed data to the athletes and (to some degree) shelter the athletes from the wind.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other factors are not specifically against record certification standards but were different in the Breaking2 effort. These changes get at the very definition of what counts as a &quot;marathon&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pacemakers employed a triangle formation to shelter the primary athletes from any headwind; this is legal in normal races but not usually orchestrated to the same degree.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The course was a 2.4km loop on an auto racing track. It was certified to IAAF standards, but normally big-city marathon courses can't be fine-tuned to the same degree to avoid hills or sharp turns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The athletes involved were all subject to normal doping controls, but the effort's stated &quot;how fast can we go if we don't limit ourselves&quot; philosophy raised a lot of eyebrows among doping cynics.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short: Kipchoge's remarkable clocking definitely redefined what's known to be possible. But aside from covering the same distance, it didn't have a lot in common with what we consider to be a &quot;marathon&quot;, and some of those factors made it impossible to certify the performance as a record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2017-05-11T14:58:14.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12233" CreationDate="2017-05-12T10:39:05.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the last handful of years a great deal has changed in the analysis of likely outcomes in football. In no small part this has been influenced by approaches developed in American sports, hockey probably more than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the best-known of the 'new' stats is &lt;strong&gt;Expected Goals&lt;/strong&gt; (ExpG or xG). At its very simplest, ExpG tells us how likely a player or team is to score from a single shot. Suppose two teams from last weekend both had 5 shots on goal during a game, one team (A) scored 3 goals and the other (B) none. That suggests that shots on target are a poor predictor of scoring probability. However, if we know that team A's shots were all from inside the 6-yard box while B's were all from outside the penalty area, then we have a bit of context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ExpG puts a quantitative quality score on each shot based on location and many other factors. As this is still a science in its infancy, there are many slight variations in the model that decides on the ExpG of a shot. That notwithstanding, if you know a team's average ExpG and average shot count per game then you can make a prediction of their likely scoring output.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rsDCxszCD0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; by Dan Altman explains better than I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the earliest mentions of ExpG was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.optasportspro.com/about/optapro-blog/posts/2012/blog-assessing-the-performance-of-premier-league-goalscorers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this blog post&lt;/a&gt; by Sam Green on the OptaPro blog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A slightly later post introducing the concept is &lt;a href=&quot;http://statsbomb.com/2013/08/goal-expectation-and-efficiency/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; by Colin Trainor on StatsBomb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ExpG is becoming more widely accepted with MLS probably leading the way, but UK newspapers and TV channels are starting to mention it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another is &lt;strong&gt;PDO&lt;/strong&gt; -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The sum of a teams shooting percentage (goals/shots on target) and its save percentage (saves/shots on target against).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From James Grayson's &lt;a href=&quot;https://jameswgrayson.wordpress.com/2013/12/23/on-the-spread-of-pdo-throughout-a-premiership-season/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blogpost&lt;/a&gt; on the subject.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand any of that so I won't even try to add anything useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A much simpler concept is &lt;strong&gt;Per90&lt;/strong&gt; -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Normalization for time, usually used in player stats. Instead of dividing a player’s rate stat by games or appearances, you take all the minutes played and divide them into 90 minute chunks. Then take THAT number and use it as you would games played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From StatsBomb's &lt;a href=&quot;http://statsbomb.com/stat-definitions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stat Definitions&lt;/a&gt; page.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="973" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T10:39:05.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16324" CreationDate="2017-05-13T14:19:28.267" Score="7" ViewCount="414" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an average formula e race what sort of percentage energy usage comes from recovered powered vs the total energy used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a significant amount? Or is all the technology there for show? I.e a negligible amount of energy recovered etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4844" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T18:29:23.470" Title="How much of the power used in a formula e race is from recovery vs initial battery capacity?" Tags="|formula-e|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-14T05:04:06.617" Score="3" ViewCount="1447" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_IIHF_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 IIHF World Championship&lt;/a&gt; I read that: The rules state that &quot;the bottom ranked two teams will be relegated&quot; and the 2018 hosts (Denmark) cannot be relegated by rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference given in the Wikipedia article is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/The_IIHF/2014-2018_IIHF_Statutes_and_Bylaws_web.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statutes and Bylaws (701.3)&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/The_IIHF/2014-2018_IIHF_Statutes_and_Bylaws_web.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;). However the information there is not much more detailed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship will consist of 16 teams including the team of the hosting Member National Association and/or&#xA;  as further stipulated in the Bid Regulations for joint-hosting. The 16 teams will be seeded in two groups following their world ranking with&#xA;  each group playing as specified in the Sport Regulations. The bottom ranked two teams will be relegated to Division I Group A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formulation &lt;em&gt;the bottom ranked two teams&lt;/em&gt; seems a bit ambiguous to me. It could mean the last team from the group A and the last team from group B. Or it could mean the last two teams in the final ranking where all 16 teams are ranked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly are two relegation teams decided? It would be nice to have also some official source for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-14T06:03:11.333" LastActivityDate="2017-05-15T15:20:42.787" Title="How exactly are two teams to be relegated from IIHF World Championships decided?" Tags="|ice-hockey|relegations|iihf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16132" CreationDate="2017-05-14T05:04:06.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the website of the 2017 World Championship in the part about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihfworlds2017.com/en/info/#tournament-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tournament format&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170514045815/http://www.iihfworlds2017.com/en/info/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) we can read that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The final ranking will follow the following procedure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher position in the group,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher number of points,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Better goal difference,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher number of goals scored for,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Better seeding number&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in fact the two bottom ranked teams in the final ranking will be the two teams who finished last in their respective groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the above quote is from the official website of the tournament, this probably can be considered official information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact if we look at final ranking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_IIHF_World_Championship#Final_ranking&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 IIHF World Championship&lt;/a&gt;, we can see that Denmark was ranked ahead of Austria, despite Denmark having only 4 points from the group stage and Austria having 5 points. Austria finished 8th &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_IIHF_World_Championship#Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in their group&lt;/a&gt;, so they were ranked after Denmark who finished in the 7th place &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_IIHF_World_Championship#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in  group B&lt;/a&gt;. (From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihfworlds2015.com/en/information/#tournament-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;information on tournament website&lt;/a&gt;, it seems that 2015 tournament was played in the same format as the most recent championships.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be worth adding that the host(s) of the next championship are usually exempt from relegation. The exact rules seems to be changing, mostly depending on whether there are two hosts or single one. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihfworlds2017.com/en/info/#tournament-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 tournament website&lt;/a&gt; explicitly states that: &quot;The 2018 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship will consist of 16 teams including the team of the organizing member national association, thus Denmark cannot be among the two relegated teams.&quot; In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihfworlds2016.com/en/information/#tournament-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; the rules were: &quot;If the co-hosts for the 2017 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship (Germany and France) end up in positions 7 and 8 in Group B during the 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, only one team will be relegated – the 8th-ranked team of Group A – and only the winner of the 2016 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship Division I Group A will be promoted.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_IIHF_World_Championship#Ranking_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 tournament&lt;/a&gt; was the last time this rule was applied. However, in 2009 the tournamnet format was different from the current one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-15T15:20:18.767" LastActivityDate="2017-05-15T15:20:18.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16134" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-05-14T05:08:53.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Ice Hockey Federation&lt;/a&gt; (IIHF) and tournaments organized by IIHF, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Championships&lt;/a&gt; (men, women, juniors) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions Hockey League&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-14T06:02:30.267" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T06:02:30.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16135" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-05-14T05:08:53.840" Score="0" Body="For questions about International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and tournaments organized by IIHF." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-14T06:02:25.173" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T06:02:25.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16132" CreationDate="2017-05-15T13:18:05.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This, in fact, might not be true, if Denmark finishes last in its group. Because then it will be decided between 5th placed teams in both groups, as Denmark can't be demoted. First relegated will be 6th in the other group and second relegated will be worse team from 5th places than...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13371" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-15T15:20:42.787" LastActivityDate="2017-05-15T15:20:42.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16139" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-16T16:27:12.130" Score="5" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a batsman hits the ball. The boundary fielder picks it up, but his leg touched the boundary rope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fielder throws the ball and one of the players is out of the crease when the wicket is broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the batsman run out or not ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13373" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T21:07:23.363" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T06:56:25.627" Title="Can a batsman be run out on a boundary shot?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16139" CreationDate="2017-05-16T16:35:31.247" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. As soon as the fielder was simultaneously in contact with both the ball and the boundary rope, the boundary is scored and the ball is dead. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball becomes dead when [...] a boundary is scored. See Law 19.3 (Scoring a boundary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.3&lt;/a&gt; is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A boundary shall be scored and signalled by the bowler’s end umpire whenever [...] a fielder with some part of his person in contact with the ball, touches the boundary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T18:16:31.420" LastActivityDate="2017-05-16T18:16:31.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16092" CreationDate="2017-05-17T06:40:20.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gaelic sports such as Gaelic football and hurling are played at the county level with the All Ireland championships having a team from each of the counties. London and New York also field teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within Ireland, the traditional Irish counties are used. Outside Ireland, the GAA (Gaelic Athletic Association) makes up its own “counties” which may or may not correspond to local counties or other jurisdictions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="787" LastEditDate="2023-09-15T06:48:59.883" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T06:48:59.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16116" CreationDate="2017-05-18T04:05:36.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there actually has been a pitcher to hit a walk-off homerun. This took place on April 25, 1986. Craig Lefferts (a left-handed pitcher and batter) hit a walk off homerun in the 12th inning while he was on the San Diego Padres. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jim Hardin also hit a walk off home run as a pitcher on May 10, 1969. At the time he was playing for the Orioles and he hit it off of the Royals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/174353432/craig-lefferts-marks-30-years-since-walk-off/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/174353432/craig-lefferts-marks-30-years-since-walk-off/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T04:05:36.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16108" CreationDate="2017-05-18T04:12:27.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most common injury in lacrosse by far is concussions, and it's actually the second sport behind football to have the most concussions. Don't get fooled if the women have less gear that just means they get injured easier. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article will help you. &#xA;It involves a study comparing the injuries of men's lacrosse vs. women's lacrosse.&#xA;The women's main injuries resulted from stick and ball contact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.medstarsportsmedicine.org/research/male-vs-female-lacrosse-players-who-has-more-head-face-and-eye-injuries/#q=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.medstarsportsmedicine.org/research/male-vs-female-lacrosse-players-who-has-more-head-face-and-eye-injuries/#q=&lt;/a&gt;{}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Although permitting only incidental contact, women's lacrosse had higher rates of head, face, and eye injuries at both the high school and collegiate levels.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T04:12:27.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16150" CreationDate="2017-05-18T08:38:58.080" Score="4" ViewCount="2130" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Cavaliers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; of the Cleveland Caveliers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It stated that former owner Ted Stepien was famous for always trading away the cavs' first round picks. It also stated that because of this the NBA created the &quot;Stepien rule&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Stepien's repeated trades of the team's first overall draft pick led to the NBA creating the &quot;Stepien rule&quot; to prevent such trades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this rule mean exactly? And why does the NBA have a problem with a team trading away all their first round picks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-18T14:06:02.963" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T14:06:02.963" Title="What Is the Ted Stepien Rule?" Tags="|rules|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16149" CreationDate="2017-05-18T08:47:03.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with almost anything NBA related, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBA FAQ&lt;/a&gt; is a wonderful resource:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams are restricted from trading away future first round draft picks in consecutive years. This is known as the &quot;Ted Stepien Rule.&quot; Stepien owned the Cavs from 1980-83, and made a series of bad trades (such as the 1982 trade mentioned above) that cost the Cavs several years' first round picks. As a result of Stepien's ineptitude, teams are now prevented from making trades which might leave them without a first round pick in consecutive future years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(gory details follow if you want to know about how it works in edge cases). As to why, the idea here is that even if a team is rubbish, it will get a high first round draft pick and be able to get better again - unless the team keeps trading away its first round draft pick for mediocre players, in which case it will keep on being rubbish. The NBA likes balance, and the Stepien Rule is a way of ensuring that incompetent management can't completely screw a team over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T08:47:03.137" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16097" CreationDate="2017-05-18T17:18:02.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes Rule 85 &quot;Puck out of Bounds&quot; seems up to interpretation by the officials on the ice at the time of play.  &quot;Directly off of the face off&quot; leads me to believe it could deflect off of a tertiary player to the face off or an official themselves and the face off would be repeated in the same position but it is one of the grey areas of the game that change depending on who is making the call and their point of view.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T17:18:02.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15025" CreationDate="2017-05-19T18:23:52.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that a comprehensive source could be found in this book by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.abebooks.com/NeyerJames-Guide-Pitchers-Historical-Compendium-Pitching/18213898341/bd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neyer/James -&#xA; The Guide to Pitchers: An Historical Compendium of Pitching, Pitchers, and Pitches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13384" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-13T22:17:25.583" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T22:17:25.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16153" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-05-20T03:34:43.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalkeeper&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;goalkeepers&lt;/a&gt;, their plays and stats in football (soccer), handball, ice hockey, field hockey, lacrosse, etc. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T21:35:43.800" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T21:35:43.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16154" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-05-20T03:34:43.423" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding goalkeepers, their plays and stats in football (soccer), handball, ice hockey, field hockey, lacrosse, etc. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T20:07:18.263" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T20:07:18.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16157" CreationDate="2017-05-20T17:32:41.863" Score="2" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;I scrolled through some soccer leagues and I accidentally came across the following situation. It's about Hapoel Be'er Sheva and Southampton from Group K in the 2016-'17 UEFA Europa League. To start, they both got 8 point in the group stage. So now we're going to apply &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Europa_League_group_stage#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the tiebreaker rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two matches between Hapoel Be'er Sheva and Southampton resulted in a 0-0 and 1-1, so in this case they each scored 2 points (because of the two draws).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goal difference among Hapoel Be'er Sheva and Southampton is in both matches zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these two matches, Hapoel Be'er Sheva has scored 1 goal and Southampton also has scored 1 goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, Hapoel Be'er Sheva has scored 1 goal and Southampton also has scored 1 goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if, after having applied criteria 1 to 4, teams still have an equal ranking, criteria 1 to 4 are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams in question to determine their final rankings. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria 6 to 12 apply;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;superior goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The superior goal difference of Southampton is +2 and that from Hapoel Be'er Sheva is 0. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then why did Hapoel Be'er Sheva got through over Southampton if Southampton got a higher superior goal difference at rule 6? Did I miss something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13388" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-05-20T18:04:35.380" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T18:04:35.380" Title="Why did Hapoel Be'er Sheva go through over Southampton in UEFA EL 2016-'17?" Tags="|football|tie-breaker|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16156" CreationDate="2017-05-20T18:04:10.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the criterion which decides it (emphasis mine). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;higher number of goals &lt;strong&gt;scored away from home&lt;/strong&gt; in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is basically the same as the well-known &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away_goals_rule&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;away goals rule&lt;/a&gt; which is commonly used for two-leg fixtures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_UEFA_Europa_League_group_stage#Group_K&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;at the results&lt;/a&gt; in the matches between these two teams, Hapoel scored one goal in the away match (since the 1-1 draw was in Southampton). Southampton scored no goals away. (In the 0-0 draw was the match played in Beersheba, so Hapeol was the home team and Southampton was the away team.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T18:04:10.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16160" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-21T08:09:23.373" Score="4" ViewCount="2840" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much can a player move or step in the process of serving: stepping as long as not crossing the base line?  Jumping?  &quot;Volleyball&quot; serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13393" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T21:41:04.197" Title="Moving during serve in tennis" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16161" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-21T08:29:45.080" Score="4" ViewCount="13280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have been watching hockey a bit more recently and tonight's game didn't have a lot of scoring early on.  That got me wondering how often the dreaded 0-0 scoreline comes up in different sports (defensive struggles aren't so bad, but I've certainly heard disparaging nicknames for them!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, I am thinking of soccer, hockey, baseball, and (American) football as the four team sports where 0-0 seems fairly feasible.  I suppose there are a few others like lacrosse and water polo. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether they have overtime, shootouts, or draws, I'm just interested in how often they complete regulation 0-0 (though statistics on how often extended time also ends 0-0 aren't discouraged).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-05-25T20:43:29.550" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T12:43:04.420" Title="How often do 0-0 scores at the completion of regulation occur in major sports?" Tags="|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-21T10:05:35.560" Score="2" ViewCount="2695" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started playing squash again after several years of hiatus. It is great fun but one thing that really bothers me is that my old and faithful racket slips in my hand during some occasions. This is especially frustrating when serving the ball and under no stress whatsoever. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought about having a small towel with me but it feels silly to run around the court with a towel and wipe of sweat after every second rally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can imagine this being an issue that other people face as well. Is it simply a matter of getting a new grip or racket? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T03:21:13.333" Title="Dealing with excessive sweat in the hands while playing squash" Tags="|equipment|squash|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16162" CreationDate="2017-05-21T18:52:05.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are not already, use sweatbands on the wrists to prevent it running down from your arms to your hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the racquet is older, the grip may need replacing. Consider using one moulded to your hand or with ridging that relies less on friction alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, obtain advice from an exercise professional about how to develop the muscles in your forearm to grip more strongly and consistently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T18:52:05.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16169" CreationDate="2017-05-21T20:35:41.807" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Golden State Warriors and Cleveland Cavaliers started the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017 postseason&lt;/a&gt; by winning their first 10 playoff games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given their dominance, I'm wondering if there has ever been an NBA or NHL postseason where both teams advanced to the finals with perfect 12-0 record&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T13:03:08.850" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T13:03:08.850" Title="Has there been a time the 2 NBA or NHL teams in the playoffs final series got there without losing any games?" Tags="|trivia|nba|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16161" CreationDate="2017-05-22T21:01:57.913" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;strong&gt;NHL&lt;/strong&gt;, there have been &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=77ibJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;41 games tied 0-0&lt;/a&gt; after overtime since the introduction of the shootout&lt;/strong&gt; in 2005 (meaning they would have been recorded as a 0-0 tie in the past), which is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=41%2F(13*(30*82)%2F2)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.25%&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of games.  And there have been &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=QzKQr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;189 0-0 ties&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in history (dating back to 1924) [games are double-counted in link]. There have been &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=GJZvP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;122 games that were 0-0&lt;/a&gt; after regulation only to be ended in overtime (not a shootout)&lt;/strong&gt;. This gives &lt;strong&gt;352 total 0-0 games after regulation.&lt;/strong&gt; Note that this is just regular season, and not playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;strong&gt;NFL&lt;/strong&gt;, there have only been &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=KwKkC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;two 0-0 games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [games are double-counted in link]. The last one occurred in 1943. I couldn't find &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=HMIpv&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;any other games&lt;/a&gt; that went into overtime tied 0-0 (checked each box score individually), either, which surprises me. Those 0-0 ties were Detroit against the Chicago Cardinals, and Detroit again against the NY Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &lt;strong&gt;MLB&lt;/strong&gt;, I was able to find &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/tiny.fcgi?id=oV8n6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at least 620 games that were tied 0-0&lt;/a&gt; after 9 innings&lt;/strong&gt; by looking up games where that took extra innings and the losing team had 0 runs. There appear to be a handful every year by changing the dates. I am not a subscriber, so I cannot verify the total or see more games.  This also does not take into account games that were tied 0-0 after 9 innings where the losing team managed at least 1 runs, so there are more.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the top 4 tiers of &lt;strong&gt;English soccer&lt;/strong&gt;, from 1888 through 2014, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/in-126-years-english-football-has-seen-13475-nil-nil-draws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;13,475 games (7.2% of matches) ended 0-0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems like it's nearly impossible in the &lt;strong&gt;NFL&lt;/strong&gt;, not too uncommon in the &lt;strong&gt;NHL&lt;/strong&gt;, very common in the &lt;strong&gt;MLB&lt;/strong&gt;, and almost weekly in English soccer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-18T12:43:04.420" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T12:43:04.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16166" CreationDate="2017-05-22T21:55:12.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;tl;dr: &lt;strong&gt;NO&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has not been a single team in the NBA going 12-0 into the finals. This is also due to the first round being a best of 5 game series until the 2003 playoffs. The 2000-2001 Los Angeles Lakers' actually went 11-0 into the finals before losing game 1 to the Philadelphia 76'ers. They won game 2,3,4 and 5 to win the NBA championship with a playoff record of 15-1. The best in history (so far). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 16-17 Golden State Warriors are the first team to ever reach the NBA Finals with a 12-0 record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NHL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NHL the 1991–92 Chicago Blackhawks, 1991–92 Pittsburgh Penguins, and 1992–93 Montreal Canadiens had eleven game win streaks in the playoffs, but those streaks did not begin until later into the playoffs, such that each team lost opening round games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10408" LastEditorUserId="10408" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T21:36:12.470" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T21:36:12.470" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4146" CreationDate="2017-05-23T16:10:43.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize this is an older question, but I think my answer might be useful to other people with the same or similar questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anti-spin rubber can take the spinniest of serves and return it virtually deadened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several rubber manufacturers create anti-spin rubber.  It is designed for exactly what you're looking for, however there are some disadvantages as well.  Most users will put the anti on their backhand side of the paddle.  I don't know of anyone who uses anti on both sides.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my own personal opinion, I believe it's better to learn how to handle spin.  However many top players have (and continue) to use anti-spin.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Danny Seemiller, for example, with his own namesake grip, has the distinct advantage of being able to put fast, spinny rubber on one side of his paddle, and anti on the other.  Because of his unique grip, the same side of the paddle is used for both backhand and forehand shots.  This allows him (and others using that grip) to be able to &quot;flip&quot; the paddle to anti, say for spinny serves, then flip the paddle again for attacking.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those of us who use the more traditional shakehands grip can also flip the paddle, but there's always going to be one side of the table, forehand or backhand, that you'll have to play with your anti, the other with the regular rubber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastEditorUserId="13403" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T17:20:41.813" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T17:20:41.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16023" CreationDate="2017-05-23T16:49:41.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple rules that play into this. The main ones that you are looking for, however, are rules &lt;strong&gt;53 - Throwing Equipment&lt;/strong&gt; and  &lt;strong&gt;56 - Interference&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 53&lt;/strong&gt; states that no player can throw, shoot, or knock any piece of equipment towards any opponent, or they will be given a minor penalty. The rule specifically states that moving or shooting the equipment off to the side of the ice so that it does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; interfere with play &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the equipment shooting/throwing occurs in the offending player's defensive zone, a penalty shot is awarded instead of a minor penalty. If the goalie is pulled when this occurs, it results in an awarded goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't quote the rule here since it would be too lengthy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 56&lt;/strong&gt; states that you are not allowed to prevent an opposing player from picking up their equipment by knocking it away, in addition to not being allowed to hit equipment towards an opponent who is carrying the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;56.2 ...A minor penalty shall be imposed on a player who deliberately knocks a stick out of an opponent's hand, or who prevents a player who has dropped his stick or any other piece of equipment from regaining possession of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A minor penalty shall be imposed on a player who knocks or shoots any abandoned or broken stick or illegal pick or other debris towards an opposing puck carrier in a manner that could cause him to be distracted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other relevant rules are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For one, the goalie is not allowed to place an object in such a way to try to prevent goals. This is covered in &lt;strong&gt;rule 67.3&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;67.3 ...A goalkeeper shall be assessed a minor penalty when he deliberately piles up snow or obstacles at or near his net that, in the opinion of the referee, would tend to prevent the scoring of the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One part of &lt;strong&gt;Rule 53&lt;/strong&gt; that I didn't detail above is that if you lose your stick, you may only get a replacement from the bench or a teammate by being handed the stick. If the bench or a player tosses the stick to the player, that results in a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somewhat related, but a player is not allowed to toss equipment onto the ice from the bench, covered in &lt;strong&gt;rule 75.2&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;75.2 ...A minor penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct shall be assessed under this rule for the following infractions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...(iii) Any player who throws any object onto the ice from the players' or penalty bench&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule also applies to coaches via &lt;strong&gt;rule 75.3&lt;/strong&gt;, for which a bench minor is assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 75.4&lt;/strong&gt; also details a bit of what you are asking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;75.4 Misconduct penalties shall be assessed under this rule for the following infractions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...(ii) Any player who deliberately throws any equipment out of the playing area. At the discretion of the Referee, a game misconduct may be imposed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That basically covers all you can do with discarded equipment!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13146" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T18:01:18.697" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T18:01:18.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15952" CreationDate="2017-05-23T18:02:55.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Complete answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not counting the 2017 Bucks, 8 teams have won playoff games with at least 2 rookies starting. Here I list the team, the playoff games they won with 2 rookies starting, and the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2013 Golden State Warriors&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 8 beat San Antonio Spurs&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Harrison Barnes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Draymond Green&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2005 Chicago Bulls&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 24, 27 beat Washington Wizards&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andres Nocioni&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Duhon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2003 Orlando Magic&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 20, 25, 27 beat Detroit Pistons&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drew Gooden&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gordan Giricek&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002 Utah Jazz&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 2 beat Sacramento Kings&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andrei Kirilenko&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jarron Collins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1999 Houston Rockets&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 13 beat Los Angeles Lakers&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cuttino Mobley&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Dickerson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 Cleveland Cavaliers&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 27 beat Indiana Pacers&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cedric Henderson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Zydrunas Ilgauskas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brevin Knight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1990 San Antonio Spurs&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 26, 28, May 1 beat Denver Nuggets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 10, 12, 17 beat Portland Trail Blazers&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David Robinson&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sean Elliott&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1986 Philadelphia 76ers&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 20, 22, 27 beat Washington Bullets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 29 beat Milwaukee Bucks&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Terry Catledge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Greg Stokes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bkref.com/tiny/pcSOD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://bkref.com/tiny/pcSOD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked at teams that had multiple players for a single season, then clicked on a player to see what playoff wins they started that year, and looked for the other rookies from that team also started the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T20:20:26.747" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T20:20:26.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="383" CreationDate="2017-05-23T20:24:16.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;How you return a heavy topspin or backspin shot depends a lot on the placement of the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you encounter a topspin shot, to counter with a topspin you are attempting to completely reverse the rotation of the ball, subsequently you would tend to have the face of the paddle slightly to moderately closed (forward) while swinging in an upward direction.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chopping (backspin) a heavy topspin continues the spin that is already on the ball and sometimes adds to that rotation.  It takes quite a bit more practice and experience to master a chop, but everyone should be able to have a chop in their repertoire.  Again, depending on the spin, the paddle should be more open - at least vertical, probably angled back a bit, because the natural tendency of chopping a topspin is for the ball to climb.  Practice will give you a &quot;feel&quot; for what I would call &quot;enveloping&quot; the ball and guiding it back with its own spin still intact.  Keep in mind that backspin shots tend to glide in nearly a straight line versus a topspin's downward arc, so it's easier to miss the end of the table by chopping too hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another, and possibly the most popular way of handling a heavy topspin is with neither topspin nor backspin return, but a block.  In order to block a topspin you need to be close to the table and catch the heavy topspin ball very shortly after the bounce (not at the peak after the bounce) and literally &quot;block&quot; it by holding the paddle firm and still, angled relatively closed.  This has the effect of returning the shot quickly and keeping the opponent's own topspin coming back to them as backspin, often catching them off-guard since a heavy topspin takes a long forehand (or backhand) stroke, and a shot can be blocked back before the player has time to recoil and make another shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning a heavy backspin again takes practice.  When I first learned to play at an advanced level, my coach told me to focus on the &quot;push&quot; shot.  He said once you mastered that shot, everything else will make sense and come more quickly, and he was right.  A push is simply pushing the ball back and forth with your partner with a low amount of incidental backspin.  As you get a feel for that, you can gradually see how you need to adjust your push to return heavier and heavier backspins.  If a ball comes to you short, like on a serve, where it would bounce twice on the table if not hit, you almost have to push it back unless it's high enough to hit with topspin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the backspin ball comes deeper, you have the option of hitting the ball with topspin or chopping the ball back.  If you are an advanced player, you have the option of looping the ball, which imparts heavy topspin.  Looping a chop can often be more effective than looping a topspin or counter-looping, as looping a chop again continues its own spin and adds more spin to it.  The topspin allows for you to aim higher since the more topspin, the quicker the ball will arc down to the table (and the lower it will bounce when it hits the table).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Counter-chopping a deep ball takes a lot of touch, usually a very open-faced paddle, and risks a loop return from your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looping is probably the most exciting shot to watch in table tennis as it involves a very long (usually) deliberate swing of the paddle that barely grazes the ball and sends it back with tremendous spin.  It can take a long time of practice to work up to looping, but if you work at it, there's nothing like that first successful loop shot!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this has been helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T20:24:16.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16160" CreationDate="2017-05-23T21:41:04.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the International Tennis Federation, once the serve motion has started, the server is allowed to make small foot adjustments, but cannot take a step. If the server's feet come off the ground during the serve, that is ok. If the server decides to catch the ball and try again, that is ok as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/220771/220771.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.itftennis.com/media/220771/220771.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant info pulled out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16. The Service&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Immediately before starting the service motion, the server shall stand at rest with both feet behind (i.e. further from the net than) the baseline and within the imaginary extensions of the centre mark and the sideline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The server shall then release the ball by hand in any direction and hit the ball with the racket before the ball hits the ground. The service motion is completed at the moment that the player’s racket hits or misses the ball. A player who is able to use only one arm may use the racket for the release of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18. Foot Fault&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During the service motion, the server shall not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Change position by walking or running, although slight movements of the feet&#xA;  are permitted; or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b. Touch the baseline or the court with either foot; or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c. Touch the area outside the imaginary extension of the sideline with either foot; or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d. Touch the imaginary extension of the centre mark with either foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 2: Is the server allowed to have one or both feet off the ground?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Decision: Yes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;19. Service Fault&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 1: After tossing a ball to serve, the server decides not to hit it and catches it instead. Is this a fault?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Decision: No. A player, who tosses the ball and then decides not to hit it, is allowed to catch the ball with the hand or the racket, or to let the ball bounce.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T21:41:04.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16175" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16176" CreationDate="2017-05-23T21:49:52.310" Score="8" ViewCount="6307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how much protection NHL referees wear aside the helmet. I've seen referees that had to either leave game or where on ice for a long time after getting hit or falling awkwardly. Those incidences have made me believe that the referees wear considerably less padding than the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T11:08:40.617" Title="How much protection do NHL referees wear?" Tags="|trivia|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16175" CreationDate="2017-05-23T22:09:00.350" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referees and linesman are not obligated to wear any padding besides their helmet [1]. However, as you have noticed, often times officials either get hit by players, the puck, or they fall and hit the ice hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost all (if not all) officials therefore &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; wear padding under their uniform. Per the National Hockey League Official's Association website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They are protected by pads that cover the shins, calf muscles, knees, hips, thighs, hamstrings, elbows, lower back, and kidneys. Some officials also wear flak jackets to protect the rib cage and torso.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NHL officials can decide what type of equipment best suits their need and they can pick and choose what they like from a vast array of options. The equipment that National Hockey League officials wear mimics the padding that the players wear but is generally lighter, more flexible, and more compact. The skates and headgear that NHL officials wear is, in most cases, exactly what the players are wearing in The National Hockey League. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason they wear smaller padding than the players is because they are not regularly getting body checked, nor do they regularly block shots. Players also get hacked at by sticks on a regular basis, where the officials do not. In addition, the officials need to be able to keep up with the players all game and are generally not quite as fit, so the lighter padding helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2014-2015-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2014-2015-rulebook.pdf&lt;/a&gt;, rules 31.1 and 32.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[2] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhlofficials.com/display_article.asp?articleID=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nhlofficials.com/display_article.asp?articleID=3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T22:15:50.297" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T22:15:50.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16162" CreationDate="2017-05-24T01:59:27.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I coach high school squash and run into this occasionally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common thing players do is to wipe their hands along the sole of their shoe, much like you'll see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5868/11530&quot;&gt;basketball players doing&lt;/a&gt; sometimes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A second practice that I've seen but that I discourage in my players is to drag/swipe one's palm along the wall. It works, but it's pretty rude in my book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11530" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T01:59:27.037" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16178" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-24T04:02:58.590" Score="3" ViewCount="2888" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three possibilities that I can see. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is if less than half of a baseball game (four and a half innings) is played, then the game is canceled and a completely new make up game is scheduled. That, I can follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that if the home team is leading when the game is interrupted during the bottom of the fifth or later, the rest of the game isn't played, and the home team gets the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was one instance I remember, when the rain interrupted the Yankees, who were leading 2-1 in the top of the 8th . There was a partial &quot;makeup&quot; on a subsequent day, not of the whole game, but of the remainder of the eighth and ninth innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then there's the case of the Pirates at Atlanta tonight, with the visitors leading 3-2 at the end of six. I read that unless the game were continued the same night, a victory would be recorded for the Pirates over the six inning game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the home team is leading after four and a half, determination of the win seems trivial. But if the visiting team is leading, how would they determine whether the game will be scored as a visitors' win or continued later from the point of interruption?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T09:09:14.390" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T19:36:10.620" Title="What are the rules for resuming/scoring a rain shortened game in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16180" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-24T13:46:42.750" Score="3" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16166/has-there-been-a-time-the-2-nba-or-nhl-teams-in-the-playoffs-final-series-got-th&quot;&gt;Has there been a time the 2 NBA or NHL teams in the playoffs final series got there without losing any games?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason#Format_history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Postseason Format Timeline&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before 1969, the team with the best record from the AL and the team with the best record from the NL during the regular season played in the World Series. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Between 1969 and 1993, there was one playoff round before the World Series (AL/NLCS). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Between 1995 and 2011, there were two playoff rounds before the World Series (AL/NLDS, AL/NLCS). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since 2012, there has been a play-in game for Wild Card teams, adding an additional game to the format for Wild Card teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has any two teams in the World Series ever get there without losing a game during the postseason?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T13:59:13.823" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T14:11:46.273" Title="Has any two teams in the World Series ever get there without losing a game during the postseason?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16180" CreationDate="2017-05-24T13:46:42.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has any two teams in the World Series ever get there without losing a game during the postseason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; However, all these instances took place during the &quot;one playoff round before the World Series&quot; format between 1969 and 1993. Each of these teams went 3-0 before reaching the World Series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/1969.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1969&lt;/a&gt; - Mets vs. Orioles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/1970.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/a&gt; - Orioles vs. Reds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/1975.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975&lt;/a&gt; - Reds vs. Red Sox&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between 1969 and 1993, 14 teams reached the World Series without losing a game. Since 1995, two teams have reached the World Series without losing a game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2007.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 Rockies&lt;/a&gt; (3-0 NLDS, 4-0 NLCS)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2014.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 Royals&lt;/a&gt; (1 Wild Card play-in win, 3-0 ALDS, 4-0 ALCS)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Royals were the first team in history to win their first eight playoff games&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2233364-can-royals-become-1st-undefeated-champion-in-modern-mlb-postseason-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. The Rockies, along with the Reds in 1976, won their first seven playoff games&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/98575182/royals-in-elite-company-with-seven-game-win-streak/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Given the format at the time, seven consecutive playoff wins gave the Reds an undefeated postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T14:00:47.667" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T14:00:47.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16061" CreationDate="2017-05-24T18:53:13.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, if team A is awarded a technical foul prior to the start of the game, team B shoots free-throws before tip-off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 12, Section V, Letter J of the NBA rules&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Free throws awarded for a technical foul must be attempted by a&#xA;  player in the game when the technical foul is assessed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) If a substitute has been beckoned into the game or has been&#xA;  recognized by the officials as being in the game prior to a technical&#xA;  foul being assessed, he is eligible to attempt the free throw(s). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) &lt;strong&gt;If the technical foul is assessed before the opening tap, any&#xA;  player listed in the scorebook as a starter is eligible to attempt the&#xA;  free throw(s).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) If a technical foul is assessed before the starting lineup is&#xA;  indicated, any player on the squad may attempt the free throw(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13410" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T19:00:18.950" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T19:00:18.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13264" CreationDate="2017-05-24T19:22:29.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some research, I believe that Wrestling and MMA copied boxing's practice of a championship belt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with MMA. When UFC began it followed the accepted practice of awarding championship belts, as WWE and WBO do. UFC simply followed along with it's contemporaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first belt awarded to a fighter was a boxer given in 1810, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=b9cIRPetE88C&amp;amp;pg=PA1939&amp;amp;lpg=PA1939&amp;amp;dq=%22Jack%20Broughton%22%20belt&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=uz_3BW0CjZ&amp;amp;sig=4fbBmLXx-j5H9HMm7W_njrn2gMY&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0CFkQ6AEwDmoVChMI1vfosZTRyAIVCXI-Ch0hIgK8#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22Jack%20Broughton%22%20belt&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; (found on Wikipiedia), found in a book called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books/about/Boxing_s_Most_Wanted.html?id=rbzgBjRwZBQC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boxing's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Champs, Chumps, and Punch-Drunk Palookas&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; At this time, boxing had few rules, and did not resemble today's sport. Eye-gouging, choking, and hits with forearms, elbows and legs were common, biting and grabbing are allowed, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lx13m7QVfb1qa5yan.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this image&lt;/a&gt;, from a book written by a prizefighter. Throughout the next hundred years, boxing became more regulated, similar to what we see today. Around this time (early 20th century), wrestling emerged, as a alternative to the more regulated boxing. Presumably, just as UFC did when it began, wrestling copied boxing's practice of awarding championship belts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it looks like King George III started it and it caught on to everyone else!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T18:15:09.860" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T18:15:09.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16178" CreationDate="2017-05-24T19:48:35.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the MLB today, when a game is cancelled (usually from rain), it is either scheduled to be completed on a specific date, or cut short to however many innings were played. They announce when and where exactly it will be made up with the announcement it is postponed. Early in the season, games are always finished, wither on an off day, or by creating a double header, where only part of the first game is played. Later in the season, if no suitable date can be found to finish the game, the game is called. If it is at the end of an inning, or half inning when the home team is ahead, the game will be cut short, and the leading team would get the win. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, If it is in the middle of an inning and the visitors are ahead, they will either not call a weather suspension and finish the inning or use the score at the end of the previously completed inning. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules Of Baseball&lt;/a&gt; 7.02(b) part 4, (page 88).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can lead to some interesting situation, such as last fall, when the &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/204121484/cubs-pirates-game-suspended-ends-in-tie/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cubs-Pirates game ended in a Tie&lt;/a&gt;. This was only done because the game would not affect either teams chances at making the playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastEditorUserId="13411" LastEditDate="2017-05-25T21:46:47.620" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T21:46:47.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16102" CreationDate="2017-05-24T19:58:29.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are not recorded mainly because it is hard to define what a base running error would involve. In your given situation, It could be argued that Cervelli &quot;played it safe&quot; by not trying to run home. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One stat you may be interested in however is TOOTBLAN, which stands for Thrown Out On The Basepaths Like A Nincompoop. They account for boneheaded &quot;offensive errors&quot; you are referring to. It is not an official stat, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://tootblan.tumblr.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://tootblan.tumblr.com/&lt;/a&gt; does an outstanding job recording them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T19:58:29.040" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15959" CreationDate="2017-05-24T20:10:50.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitchers don't try to walk anyone, most walks come from poor execution on the pitchers part/ bad calls by the umpire. Also, pitchers (while hitting) walk less frequently than positions players, indicating that the pitchers throwing are aware that the pitchers hitting can't hit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T20:10:50.287" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16189" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-24T22:10:55.837" Score="9" ViewCount="813" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports such as boxing, UFC, MMA, etc involve heavy fighting. If such fights happen outside of the rink, the athletes would face criminal charges. So how are these events legal? Are there deals made with law authorities?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:23:31.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T16:21:36.260" Title="How are combat sports legal?" Tags="|rules|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-25T05:26:47.890" Score="1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;For my interest, I would like to know how many times the Rockies, Angels, and Yankees won on the same day in 2017.  Can you tell me how to do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13413" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T19:33:55.690" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T19:33:55.690" Title="How can I determine the dates on which separate baseball teams had the same result?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16191" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16192" CreationDate="2017-05-25T05:44:26.390" Score="-1" ViewCount="2076" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which batsman has scored most first class century in history of cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13412" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T06:07:33.577" Title="Most first class century in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-05-28T08:02:21.607" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16191" CreationDate="2017-05-25T06:07:33.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Hobbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack Hobbs&lt;/a&gt; scored the highest number of first class centuries in the period of 1905 to 1934, he played for the team Surrey. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He scored &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_batsmen_who_have_scored_100_centuries_in_first-class_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;199 centuries&lt;/a&gt; in the first class cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12772" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T06:07:33.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16139" CreationDate="2017-05-25T06:56:25.627" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the law of cricket, if a fielder body part or any of his/her accessories(like cap,hat) touches the rope at the time of collecting/catching the ball,it is considered as boundary and ball become dead until the next action resume.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13412" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T06:56:25.627" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16189" CreationDate="2017-05-25T09:30:50.750" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer. Talk to an actual lawyer trained in the jurisdiction you care about if this is important to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is going to vary a bit between legal jurisdictions, but in England and Wales the fact that both parties have consented to the fight is important. There are limits to this (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Brown&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;R vs Brown&lt;/a&gt; is the most notable case; the details are somewhat graphic so be warned before clicking that link), but an organised boxing match, properly sanctioned and with appropriate controls (e.g. a referee who will stop the fight if necessary, medical support available) is legal. A bare knuckle fight on the street will be treated differently and &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; be an offence even if both parties have consented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T09:30:50.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16195" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-25T14:27:50.747" Score="6" ViewCount="2914" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is pretty straightforward. FIA tyres and wheels regulation states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pirelli nominate two mandatory sets for each car for the race (which can be of different compounds) and one further set of whichever is the softest compound that can only be used in the Q3 segment of qualifying, but the teams are free to choose the remaining 10 sets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the second part of the rule. It makes sure that the most important qualifying session is Q3, the last one. Better for the fans, as you can most of the times just watch Q3 for the fastest laps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I do not get the purpose of having two mandatory compounds during the race. What is the point of this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12495" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T09:01:35.243" Title="F1: Mandatory tyre compounds" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12866" CreationDate="2017-05-26T17:01:02.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Darts Regulation Authority, there are two people responsible. There is a referee and a marker (also known as a scorer). The referee is the one who has the ultimate say in the score of a throw, and the marker has the responsibility of marking the score down. In general, it is very easy to see where the dart struck (especially for a trained referee/marker), so the scores are able to be put up very quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/DRA-Rules-final-140115.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.thedra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/DRA-Rules-final-140115.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-05-26T17:01:02.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16197" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-27T03:03:30.203" Score="1" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tanaka was charged with the loss on 26 May 2017 when he allowed 1 run in 7.1 innings, then the bullpen allowed another 3 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Yankees scored 1 run in the bottom of the ninth. Shouldn't the pitcher who allowed the second run take the loss, not Tanaka?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13422" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-05-27T21:39:11.203" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T21:39:11.203" Title="A pitcher given the loss despite others allowing the winning runs - how?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16197" CreationDate="2017-05-27T07:29:06.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Conditions for awarding wins and losses in MLB are listed in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt;.  This is covered by Rule 9 (specifically 9.17(d)) which directs the official scorer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.17 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) A losing pitcher is a pitcher who is responsible for the run that gives the winning team a lead that the winning team does not&#xA;  relinquish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even though other pitchers may have performed worse or the team scored some runs after the fact, because Tanaka allowed the other team to take the lead and that lead was never relinquished, he is credited with the loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T07:29:06.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17380" CreationDate="2017-05-27T07:33:43.320" Score="3" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Champions_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikpedia indicates&lt;/a&gt; that in 2013, the ICC announced that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_ICC_Champions_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 Champions Trophy&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;would be their final one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Wikipedia states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, in January 2014, that decision was reversed, with the ICC&#xA;  confirming that the 2017 Champions Trophy tournament would take place&#xA;  and the proposed Test Championship was cancelled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any motivation been provided for this reversal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="13458" LastEditDate="2017-06-01T04:40:47.913" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T02:03:47.597" Title="Why did ICC decide to go with Champions Trophy 2017?" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-27T10:45:25.993" Score="11" ViewCount="38887" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was refereeing a 10 year old's junior game today and this situation happened. The home team's defender attempted to  pass from their own half to their forward who was in an offside position beyond the halfway line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was going to blow the whistle but the ball deflected off an away defender and then went to the originally offside attacker who put the ball wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I viewed this as onside at the time because the ball struck the away team player, however now I think it was offside because at the time of pass, the home player was offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this offside or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13424" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T00:55:38.840" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T19:58:53.087" Title="Is there offside when the ball deflects off an opponent?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16203" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-27T14:00:51.917" Score="1" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why did &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/athletics-vs-yankees/2017/05/26/490823#game_state=final,lock_state=final,game_tab=box,game=490823&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tanaka get the earned run and loss against the A's on 26 May 2017&lt;/a&gt;, when the runner he allowed in the eighth got thrown out at the plate and didn't score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13426" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-05-27T21:35:05.810" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T22:11:04.767" Title="An earned run and loss despite the runner being out - how?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16200" CreationDate="2017-05-27T15:52:50.623" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this situation one has to refer to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 11 - Offside: 2. Offside Offence&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Which states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in&#xA;  active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rebounded or been deflected off&lt;/strong&gt; the goalpost, crossbar or &lt;strong&gt;an opponent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;been deliberately saved by any opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save by any&#xA;  opponent) is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A ‘save’ is when a player stops a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands (unless&#xA;  the goalkeeper within the penalty area).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;in your case it was offside&lt;/strong&gt;, because the ball deflected off an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were a deliberate save by an opponent then again &lt;strong&gt;offside&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were a deliberate play by an opponent (that was not a save), then &lt;strong&gt;no offside&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T00:51:43.937" LastActivityDate="2017-05-29T00:51:43.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16206" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-27T20:40:59.013" Score="1" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just started my skateboarding story, and bought my first board online. It was not the cheapest one, but nothing fancy, because I don't feel like I need anything pricey to start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a nice experience to skate for the first time, but I feel that my board's wheels aren't spinning like they should.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At what rate should spinning skateboard wheels decelerate, and how can this be determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13429" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T21:56:59.170" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T01:25:12.403" Title="On a proper skateboard, what is the proper level of freedom for the wheels to spin?" Tags="|equipment|skateboarding|spin|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16203" CreationDate="2017-05-27T22:11:04.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;9.16(g) is probably the most relevant rule from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2016/official_baseball_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; that applies here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(g) When pitchers are changed during an inning, the official scorer&#xA;  shall not charge the relief pitcher with any run (earned or unearned)&#xA;  scored by a runner who was on base at the time such relief pitcher&#xA;  entered the game, nor for runs scored by any runner who reaches base&#xA;  on a fielder’s choice that puts out a runner left on base by any&#xA;  preceding pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phillip Kendall's comment about this being a fielder's choice situation is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter 2 (Rosales) reaches on a single, so is Tanaka's run on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the pitching change, batter 3 (Davis) reaches on a fielder's choice.  The ruling is basically that without Tanaka's runner (Rosales) on base, Davis would have been out and no runners on.  So Davis continues to be charged as Tanaka's baserunner under 9.16(g).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter 4 (Joyce) walks and is credited to Clippard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter 5 (Lowrie) singles.  This drives in Davis.  The earned run is credited to Tanaka.  As this run put Houston in the lead, Tanaka is then on the hook for the loss until the game becomes tied or the Yankees retake the lead (which did not happen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T22:11:04.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-05-28T23:51:47.530" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that the only single play (for which statistics are kept) that has happened only once is an inside the park walkoff grand slam.  Roberto Clemente in 1950s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13434" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T23:51:47.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16211" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-29T08:25:54.513" Score="7" ViewCount="47740" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a game where where player 1 is on black and player 2 still has balls remaining on the table. Given the scenarios where player 2 commits a foul giving player 1 a free shot, then on that free shot player 1 first hits one of player 2's remaining balls before sinking the black on the same shot. Does player 1 win in this case? If not, what is the correct flow of play following this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The WPA rule book states that the &quot;Wrong Ball First&quot; rule is suspended on free shots. However, does this still apply on the black given that you are essentially winning off a foul shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using this version of the rule book for reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wpapool.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/WPA_New_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://wpapool.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/WPA_New_Rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13435" LastEditorUserId="13435" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T09:10:14.220" LastActivityDate="2019-10-10T18:17:45.503" Title="Black Ball: Can a player win a game by first hitting an opponents ball on a free shot?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15676" CreationDate="2017-05-29T09:57:35.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no such fines for drivers who commits accidents, as these would just go against the sport, and the Entertainment that comes with it. &#xA;If you start fining drivers for each damage on the car, they'll just stop taking risks. Cars are made to break, the way they are built keeping in mind that anything can break on it so it's usually not a problem.&#xA;Also, a team could greatly benefit from a risky overtake that enventually ends up in a contact, so that would be a shame if the team asked the drive for a Financial compensation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll find some info in the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/29/sports/autoracing/How-Formula-One-Teams-Calculate-the-Cost-of-Crashing.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NYT article&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13436" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-25T11:55:59.317" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T11:55:59.317" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16195" CreationDate="2017-05-29T10:24:36.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those two mandatory sets are related to the mandatory tyre change during the race. Pirelli choses 2 sets of tyres with one of them having to be used during the race. So it actually gives the teams a choice between two sets of tyres for the mandatory tyre change, giving them some kind of freedom but still forcing them to be competitive on different sets of tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13436" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-21T08:38:09.760" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T08:38:09.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16216" CreationDate="2017-05-30T00:33:50.133" Score="3" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out fangraph.com's heat maps. For example, Mike Trout's Average per Pitch looks like this: &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hgElR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hgElR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(link)&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/zonegrid.aspx?playerid=10155&amp;amp;position=OF&amp;amp;ss=2017-01-01&amp;amp;se=2017-12-01&amp;amp;type=4&amp;amp;hand=all&amp;amp;count=all&amp;amp;blur=1&amp;amp;grid=10&amp;amp;view=bat&amp;amp;pitch=&amp;amp;season=2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Heat Map (AVG/P)&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently the best he hits against pitches in any given location is 0.233 this season (as of 4/28/17), but his overall average is more than a hundred points higher at 0.337. How is that possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13442" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T04:28:16.393" Title="How can a baseball player's average per pitch be much lower than his overall average on Fangraph?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16215" CreationDate="2017-05-30T04:28:16.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't easily find how AVG/P was calculated on these maps.  But standard averages are per at-bat, while these are per pitch.  So I would expect the per-pitch numbers to be much lower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T04:28:16.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-30T04:34:56.433" Score="4" ViewCount="4372" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Pittsburgh Penguins didn't have a shot on goal for about 37 minutes in game 1 of the 2016-17 Stanley Cup finals. Although the Penguins fired a number of shots, they all either went wide or got blocked, and hence non of them counted as a shot on goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's uncommon to not have a shot on goal for an entire period. Did the Penguins break the record for the longest time between 2 shots on goal, in the history of Stanley Cup finals or Stanley Cup playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, please state which team had this record previously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-13T23:34:51.483" LastActivityDate="2020-08-30T22:40:05.290" Title="What is the longest duration a team didn't register a shot on goal in the Stanley Cup Playoffs?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|records|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16217" CreationDate="2017-05-30T05:21:18.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I googled &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=nhl+no+shots+in+a+period&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL no shots in a period&lt;/a&gt;&quot; and found this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/nashville-predators-pittsburgh-penguins-game-1-stanley-cup-final-recap/c-289662896?tid=287345494&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penguins recover to defeat Predators in Game 1 of Stanley Cup Final&lt;/a&gt; (NHL website): &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pittsburgh did not have a shot on goal in the second period. Nashville became the first team to hold an opponent to zero shots in a period during a Stanley Cup Final since the NHL began tracking shots on goal in 1957-58.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The same information was mentioned on &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/PR_NHL/status/869379578405560320&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Public Relations twitter&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that the source is the NHL, I consider the information reliable (and verifiable). Thus, it seems that this is the longest duration a team didn't register a shot on goal during the &lt;em&gt;Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This only answers the first part of your question - which is how it &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/posts/16217/revisions&quot;&gt;was stated originally&lt;/a&gt;. It would be nice to also find records for Stanley Cup playoffs and for regular season.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-17T02:45:49.920" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T02:45:49.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16221" CreationDate="2017-05-30T10:15:11.357" Score="4" ViewCount="4198" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now I know that in TT, you have to serve the ball from behind the table and above the playing surface. My question is, can I stand sideways to the Table and make the serve provided my ball is still outside the table as shown in the image below?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nslH1.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nslH1.png&quot; alt=&quot;Server serving from side of the table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13444" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-16T05:55:43.833" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T05:55:43.833" Title="In table tennis, can you serve from the side of the table provided the ball is being hit from outside of the playing surface" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-05-30T14:02:14.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is an outstanding chart showing how rare many of these feats are:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vEVWp.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vEVWp.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This data shows that a 4 home run game is the rarest historical feat, only accomplished 14 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T14:02:14.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16219" CreationDate="2017-05-30T14:31:52.257" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ittf.com?media-alias=2017_ITTF_Handbook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;ITTF&quot;&gt;ITTF rules&lt;/a&gt; state :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the server's end line, and it shall not be hidden from the receiver by the server or his or her doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no mention of where your body has to be positioned during that part of the game, so parts of your body can be over the playing area, or as you are asking along the side of the area. The only thing that matters is the position of the ball itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need more info about this, I encourage you to check out this link : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/official-table-tennis-rules.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/official-table-tennis-rules.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13436" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T14:31:52.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16190" CreationDate="2017-05-30T18:04:45.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Rockies, Angels, and Yankees all won this year on April 4, 22, 28, May 6, 14, 16, 21, and 22.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this by going to the Data section on Massey Ratings and pulled up the results of all baseball games this year (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.masseyratings.com/scores.php?s=294524&amp;amp;sub=14342&amp;amp;all=1&amp;amp;mode=3&amp;amp;format=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.masseyratings.com/scores.php?s=294524&amp;amp;sub=14342&amp;amp;all=1&amp;amp;mode=3&amp;amp;format=0&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I copied the entire table to excel, and used Text to Columns to make the data usable; Fixed Width is the best to use for Massey data. Starting with a lookup table of dates, I then used CountIfs to see if a certain team won on that day, and counted the number of times those three teams won on the same day. Here is a screenshot of the end result:&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FOTu4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FOTu4.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=CountIfs(Column of Dates, Specific Date, Column of Winners, Specific Winner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used in the table on the right that returned either 0 or 1. The &quot;All 3 Win?&quot; column just asks if the sum of the row is equal to 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T19:21:26.823" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T19:21:26.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16223" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-31T02:16:41.673" Score="1" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;Time and time again, pitchers &lt;em&gt;intentionally&lt;/em&gt; hit batters who show them up (or for whatever reason), yet they (the pitchers) hardly ever get seriously penalized. Further, when they are penalized, it's usually only a 4-6 game suspension (of a 100+ game season). So my question is, given how &lt;em&gt;incredibly&lt;/em&gt; dangerous a pitcher's fastball is, why doesn't MLB punish pitchers harder for hitting the batter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that there are &lt;em&gt;&quot;unwritten rules of the game&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, but honestly I think that's just an incredibly terrible excuse for bad behavior. The batter is completely defenseless, and the argument can even be made that the batter can't even properly do his job as an offensive player, due to the psychological effect of thinking that he's gonna get dinged. Parallels can be drawn between this and the NBA's rule of &quot;allowing shooters to come down in their space&quot;. In the NBA, you can no longer contest a shot and move into the shooter's space, because doing this prevents them from coming down safely, and also prevents them from developing a psychological block (thinking that they're going to come down on someone's foot and twist their ankle when they go up to shoot). This leads to better shooting, better offense, and more entertainment for fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though we can't always determine a pitcher's intention, shouldn't a reasonably hard suspension be enough to deter throwing at batters no matter what? If a pitcher knows he's gonna get a hefty suspension regardless of his intent, I feel like he'd be much more careful in his pitch placement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally just feel like it would just be better for the game of baseball to leave out the intentional hitting of batters. So why hasn't baseball worked to change this yet? Does MLB feel like this isn't an issue? Is it just too deeply rooted in the culture for this ever to change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-05-31T06:00:05.000" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T15:02:52.030" Title="Why doesn't baseball severely punish pitchers who seemingly hit batters intentionally?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-05-31T17:57:28.660" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15723" CreationDate="2017-05-31T02:28:37.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the foul was called after the shooter was fouled, then this should lead to free throws for the shooter. This part is a given. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting to defensive player being impeded by another offensive player - Keep in mind that after the shooter is fouled, and the whistle is blown for that foul, there can be no &quot;block&quot; because the ball is dead (even if it's in the air). From this point on there can only be a goal tend (if the foul happened during continuation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically your question is, &lt;em&gt;&quot;If an offensive player is fouled after his teammate earns a shooting foul, can that foul be called?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Short answer. Absolutely. In basketball, a foul is a foul, whether it occurs during a dead ball or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10498" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T02:28:37.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16227" CreationDate="2017-05-31T09:18:02.913" Score="10" ViewCount="2306" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal in football that a player scores a goal in penalty by creating a pass (in forward direction as per rules) to another teammate and get passed back and repeat the passes until they want to score the goal? (any defensive moves from the opposite team are neglected)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13450" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T22:29:11.727" Title="Are players allowed to convert a penalty kick into a &quot;multiple passes goal&quot;?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-06-01T06:54:03.517" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16226" CreationDate="2017-05-31T09:23:52.583" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, absolutely. There are essentially only &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;two major restrictions on play after a penalty kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player taking the penalty kick must kick the ball forward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So long as those restrictions are met, the ball is in play as in normal play and anything goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T09:23:52.583" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16223" CreationDate="2017-05-31T15:02:52.030" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main problem with handing out huge suspensions is that you cannot prove intent. When the batter goes up, he assumes some risk of being hit with a ball. The NBA rule punishes blocking the landing zone of a shooter. That rule is enforceable because blocking a landing zone is always intentional. There's no other reason to do that than to interfere with the shooter. In baseball, the psychological block you mentioned for the shooter is already present. There is a good chance a batter will be hit with a ball, whether the pitcher has intent behind it or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the MLB were to punish pitchers no matter intent, well, they already do that! The batter gets a free base. If the MLB increases the punishment too much, the batters will become incentivized to get hit. They would crowd the plate, allow themselves to be hit, etc. Some players already do this, notably Chase Utley, because they feel that getting hit by a pitch is worth the reward of a free base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting hit by a pitch is already part of the game, and it is impossible to prove intent, because it happens accidentally as well as on purpose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T15:02:52.030" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16233" CreationDate="2017-05-31T21:26:42.353" Score="2" ViewCount="9809" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NCAA, the three divisions (I, II, and III) are separated based on the athletic scholarships that the schools can offer. I can't find any information about the similar divisions in the NAIA, other than that the NAIA Division I is comparable to NCAA Division II in skill. Is skill the only difference between NAIA DI and DII? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found that in the past, it was based on enrollment, but that no longer seems to be the case. For example, Arizona Christian University has ~781 students and is DI. Aquinas College in Michigan is DII, yet has ~2000 students. Any insight is appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T03:06:50.587" Title="What is the difference between NAIA Division I and II?" Tags="|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2017-05-31T23:19:20.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In college basketball since 2011, ranked teams are a combined 3933-868 (81.9%) against unranked teams. However, if we break it down month-by-month, we get this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C23Zy.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C23Zy.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the drop-off from December to January. This is when conference games start, and ranked teams start playing 2-3 quality opponents every week. Overall, the early polls seem to perform just as well as the late polls (considering strength of competition) or better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In college football, we see the exact same thing. Using just the AP poll, and looking back over the last 3 seasons (this data wasn't as ready and I did it half by hand), we see that polls do slightly better in the first ~4 weeks, during the nonconference schedule, and then do worse once conference play starts. The dropoff is likely due to the increase in level of competition; again, this is ranked teams vs unranked teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4FlHZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4FlHZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, overall, the AP Poll actually does &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; at the beginning of a season, when most ranked teams play cupcakes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source for baseketball, playing around with the month: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;comp_schl_rk=le&amp;amp;val_schl_rk=25&amp;amp;comp_opp_rk=eq&amp;amp;val_opp_rk=NR&amp;amp;game_type=A&amp;amp;game_result=L&amp;amp;is_range=N&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=career&amp;amp;comp_schl_rk=le&amp;amp;val_schl_rk=25&amp;amp;comp_opp_rk=eq&amp;amp;val_opp_rk=NR&amp;amp;game_type=A&amp;amp;game_result=L&amp;amp;is_range=N&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For football, I went to this page for each week and copied the table into excel, which automatically extracted wins/losses against unranked teams: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/college-football/rankings/_/poll/1/week/15/year/2014/seasontype/2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.espn.com/college-football/rankings/_/poll/1/week/15/year/2014/seasontype/2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula in excel for pulling out the W/L data for anyone who wants to keep going this way: =AND(IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(&quot; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;W or L&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;,&lt;em&gt;Next Week Column&lt;/em&gt;)),1,0),IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(&quot; # &quot;,&lt;em&gt;Next Week Column&lt;/em&gt;)),1,0))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T23:19:20.143" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16028" CreationDate="2017-06-02T07:31:57.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just Relax. Start with new Run Up with which you are comfortable now. Dont go with too much pace at start. Just practice with your line and length by hitting regular spots. You can do this by keeping some marks on the pitch and try to hit it. Once you master your line and length then you can think of adding pace and other variations. Try off-cutter and leg-cutter if you are very fast bowler. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13462" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T07:31:57.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16230" CreationDate="2017-06-02T20:40:12.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It took a bit of poking around on the NAIA site. The document that is clearest is the NAIA Guide for the College-Bound Student Athlete, see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.naia.org/fls/27900/1NAIA/membership/NAIA_GuidefortheCollegeBoundStudent.pdf?DB_OEM_ID=27900&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NAIA Guide&lt;/a&gt;.  The only sport in which there is a Division I vs Division II split is in Basketball. There the distinction between divisions is in the amount of financial aid that the institution can award (as full or partial grants). Division I is 11, Division II is 6. Aid can be full, half, or quarter scholarship awards, but the total cannot exceed the 11 or 6 when added up. So, a Division II team can give 6 full scholarships or 2 full and 8 half, or ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it would appear that individual schools will make a decision based on their athletic budgets. Of course, the conference they are in may well make that decision for them, but that is how the NAIA views the divisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T20:40:12.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12883" CreationDate="2017-06-04T03:53:16.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every time the puck goes completely through the blue line the zone changes by 12 inches. Once the puck is cleared or mishandled and goes completely through the blue line back into the neutral zone, then everyone needs to tag up to only touching the blue line, because the defining line reverses so that whole blue line is part of the neutral zone again. To contradict the comments above, just the act of touching the blue line is indeed leaving the attacking zone. Where everyone is getting caught up is they are thinking of the blue line as a whole, whereas the rulebook refers to the 2 edges of the blue line. Simply put, the blue line is part of whichever zone the puck is in, except in the case of delayed offsides where the entirety of the blue line is still considered neutral zone. Once everyone tags up, the defining edge of the zone reverses and the entirety of the blue line is the attacking zone. The rule can be hard to understand, and I suppose it could be simplified by just making the blue line 1 inch thick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13470" LastEditorUserId="13470" LastEditDate="2017-06-04T04:32:18.037" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T04:32:18.037" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-05T20:35:21.533" Score="12" ViewCount="30457" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it seemingly forbidden for a lefty to play catcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lefties would have an advantage fielding bunts and throwing to first, as they would already be oriented towards first when getting the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When throwing to second, it seems meaningless which hand to throw from. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing to third would require you to turn around, but I believe that throwing to first, either on a dropped third, bunt, or pickoff attempt is more common than throwing to third. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there something I'm missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T06:26:26.180" Title="Why are there no left handed catchers in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2017-06-05T20:42:27.733" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there are a few downsides for left handed catchers, such as throwing out a base stealer at 3B, which would probably happen more often with a left handed catcher, but probably the biggest reason is pointed out in this quote I found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/612/where-are-the-lefty-catchers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN.com article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Distefano offered two explanations. Bunts toward third base, he said, cause problems for left-handed catchers. In scampering to grab the ball, transferring it to their left hand and throwing to either first or second base, their bodies get closed and clumsy. Throws for right-handers are far more open and natural.&#xA;But the primary problem Distefano encountered was with plays at home. Because his glove was on his right hand, every accurate throw to the runner's side of the plate would have to be reached for backhanded, impeding a quick tag. And on outfielder throws up the first-base line, reaching out with his right hand would leave his throwing shoulder wide open to the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;If there's going to be a bang-bang play, the left-handed catcher's going to get hurt,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="11530" LastEditDate="2022-08-07T06:26:26.180" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T06:26:26.180" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-06T00:51:11.397" Score="1" ViewCount="4014" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the MLB record for most errors by one team in one season during the modern era?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13481" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T16:39:06.960" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T16:39:06.960" Title="What is the MLB record for most errors by one team in one season during the modern era?" Tags="|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16246" CreationDate="2017-06-06T07:55:36.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sporting News record book suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;867 by Washington in 1886 (122 games)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you only want after 1900 then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;425 by Detroit in 1901 (136 games)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to baseball-reference.com, since 2000, the leagues (with 30 teams) have never recorded more than 3500 errors.  Between 1901 and 1917 the leagues  (with only 16 teams) never recorded less than 3500 errors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, root around on baseball-reference.com.  I don't know of a perfect summary, but you can see team fielding stats for every individual year.  As an example, to see team stats for 2014, go to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2014-standard-fielding.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2014-standard-fielding.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T14:18:26.067" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T14:18:26.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16248" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-06T10:06:23.933" Score="-2" ViewCount="3084" Body="&lt;p&gt;A no ball is bowled. The striker hits the ball, but in doing so accidentally puts down their wicket. Will the runs be considered or not? And will be the striker be out hit wicket or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13482" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T00:20:24.137" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T00:20:24.137" Title="Can a batsman be out hit wicket on a no ball, and do runs scored count?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-06-07T17:52:24.117" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16248" CreationDate="2017-06-06T10:14:16.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; be out hit wicket from a no ball. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-24-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 24.16&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except 33 (Handled the ball), 34 (Hit the ball twice), 37 (Obstructing the field) or 38 (Run out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, if a batsman does break his own wicket after a no ball, nothing in particular happens: the ball is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; dead because no wicket has fallen, so any runs scored count as normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This assumes that breaking the wicket was accidental; if it was deliberate, the fielding side may have a case for the batsman being out obstructing the field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-06T10:14:16.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16253" CreationDate="2017-06-07T19:00:47.740" Score="2" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;On June 6th, 2017, Scooter Gennett hit 4 home runs to become the first Cincinnati Red ever to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who are the other people who have hit at least 4 HRs in a single game? Please provide name and the date of the occurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2022-11-16T18:47:01.627" LastActivityDate="2022-11-16T18:47:01.627" Title="How many MLB players have hit 4 or more Home Runs in a game?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16252" CreationDate="2017-06-07T19:11:54.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/rare_feats/index.jsp?feature=four_homer_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB.com&lt;/a&gt;, it's been done 17 times, and here is a list of all Players who have hit 4 Homeruns in a game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scooter Gennett, Cincinnati   06-06-2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Josh Hamilton, Texas  05-08-2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlos Delgado, Toronto   09-25-2003&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shawn Green, Los Angeles  05-23-2002&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mike Cameron, Seattle 05-02-2002&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mark Whiten, St. Louis    09-07-1993&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bob Horner, Atlanta   07-06-1986&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mike Schmidt, Philadelphia    04-17-1976&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Willie Mays, San Francisco    04-30-1961&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rocky Colavito, Cleveland 06-10-1959&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Joe Adcock, Milwaukee 07-31-1954&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gil Hodges, Brooklyn  08-31-1950&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pat Seerey, Chicago   07-18-1948&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chuck Klein, Philadelphia 07-10-1936&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lou Gehrig, New York  06-03-1932&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ed Delahanty, Philadelphia    07-13-1896&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bobby Lowe, Boston    05-30-1894&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="8937" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T12:51:18.230" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T12:51:18.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16256" CreationDate="2017-06-08T07:09:23.877" Score="8" ViewCount="4688" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, the Australian soccer team plays a match against Saudi-Arabia in the qualification rounds for the World Cup. Qualifications for the World Cup are usually organized per continent; e.g. Europe (the UEFA) has its own tournament where only European countries compete. Presumably, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_national_soccer_team#.22Golden_generation.22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australia joined the Asian Football Confederation&lt;/a&gt; and since then competes in the Asian qualifiers, but why did they make this move? I can think of a few reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Better chance of qualification (Australia's home continent, Oceania, has only 'half a place' in the World Cup, the winner of the qualifiers needs to win another play-off against another country)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Better opposition during the qualification (this is actually mentioned on Wikipedia, but you can also play friendly matches against better teams)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They expected more income (tickets sold, TV broadcasting rights)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any references for these possible reasons, and what was/were the decisive one(s)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:51:42.243" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:51:42.243" Title="Why does the Australian soccer team compete in the Asian qualifiers for the World Cup?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|afc|geography|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2943" CreationDate="2017-06-08T07:10:35.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Extra time is added if the game is tied at the end of the regular time in certain knockout competitions, the game goes into two extra periods of 15 minutes each (30 minutes total), if the score is still tied by the end of the extra time, the game proceeds into kicks from the penalty mark (as named in the laws of the game) to decide the winner, and extra time is added according to competition regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you shouldn't mix between &quot;extra time&quot; and &quot;stoppage time&quot;, as stoppage time (or injury time) are a few minutes added at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/79/92/44/laws.of.the.game.2016.2017_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13496" LastEditorUserId="13496" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T19:11:18.610" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T19:11:18.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2017-06-08T07:59:41.543" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia used to play under the Oceania Confederation. The confederation only gets half a berth per World Cup. This means that after the preliminary rounds, the top team gets to play a two-legged tie with another &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#Qualification_competition_entrants_over_time&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;playoff qualifier&lt;/a&gt;. The Asian, African, Oceanic confederations, as well as the CONCACAF, each get a playoff seed. The four teams qualifying from the listed confederations are randomly split into 2 pairs, and the winner of each pair gets a spot in the World Cup. All other confederations are given guaranteed spots as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Australia was the best team in the confederation throughout the years and often got the half berths. However, they didn't do well in the playoff matches. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_national_soccer_team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australia&lt;/a&gt; had a 32 year hiatus from the World Cup ranging from 1974 to 2006. This was because they lost the playoff series in 1986, 1994, 1998, 2002 (Additionally, they also lost in 1966 and 1970 before their first appearance in the World Cup). Most of these losses were very close, and soon Australia got a reputation for having near misses. The Socceroos finally tasted World Cup playoffs victory against Uruguay to qualify for Germany's 2006 World Cup. Not surprisingly, after 2 games, the teams were tied, and Australia won in the penalty shootouts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After many failed attempts to qualify for the World Cup, Australian Football Federation began talks to join Asian Confederation in 2005. Playing under the Asian bracket, they had a chance to secure one of the 4 guaranteed spots for the World Cup and avoid bad luck and drama that haunted them for more than 30 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The switch has proven to be a great decision for the Socceroos as they have been able to claim one of the guaranteed Asian spots for every World Cup since then, as well as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_national_soccer_team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;winning&lt;/a&gt; the AFC Asian Cup in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="13223" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T20:02:55.807" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T20:02:55.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2943" CreationDate="2017-06-08T08:28:45.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Extra time is played, when at the end of the match for which there must be a winner (ie a knockout, final or cup match), both teams have the same number of goals&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/winning-team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match, Section 2 - Winning Team&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When competition rules require a winning team after a drawn match or home-and-away tie, the only permitted procedures to determine the winning team are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;away goals rule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;two equal periods of extra time not exceeding 15 minutes each&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A combination of the above procedures may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams have no say in whether extra time is played and cannot request more. The full time allotted (usually two equal periods of 15 minutes) must be played, and if the scores are level after this time, kicks from the penalty mark must be used to determine the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the competition rules do not allow kicks from the penalty mark to be used, the match is drawn and the teams must be separated (for the purposes of qualification, or deciding the winner of the final or cup being contested) by some other procedure - such as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay_(sports)#Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;replay&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/aug/08/theknowledge.sport&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;coin toss&lt;/a&gt;, or some other method as determined by the competition rules or competiton administrator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Extra time&lt;/em&gt; is commonly confused with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/allowance-for-time-lost&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;allowance for time lost&lt;/em&gt; (or, as it also known, &lt;em&gt;additional time&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/a&gt; played at the end of each period to compensate for significant delays to restarts during the period. The term &lt;em&gt;extra time&lt;/em&gt; should only be used to refer to the procedure used to determine the winner at the end of a drawn match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - in some competitions, the away goals rule is used - in these competitions, extra time is only played if the teams cannot be separated based on both the aggregate score over both of the home-and-away matches &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; the number of away goals scored.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T08:28:45.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-08T13:09:32.130" Score="2" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the last few years I've started to pay a bit more attention to Cricket, but I'm far removed from the culture and don't have much of an understanding of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a person was an aspiring Cricket player in any given place in the world, which league or leagues would they dream of playing in, and which tournaments would they dream of winning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T13:36:12.647" LastActivityDate="2023-09-08T06:23:24.443" Title="What are the premier Cricket competitions and leagues in the world?" Tags="|cricket|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15586" CreationDate="2017-06-08T13:42:38.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Exact statistics are hard to find, but given the nature of hockey it's definitely a winning strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the key ways to score a goal in hockey is to get shots on net. It doesn't matter if it's a particularly good shot. If a goalie's save percentage is .900, if you get thirty shots there are good odds you'll score 3 goals, whether they're flukey or artwork.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one of the more sure ways to get shots in hockey are either odd-man rushes where players have lanes to put the puck on net, or when they have a man advantage and a player can get into empty space. This is why the power-play, and being short-handed are often central to hockey strategy. If you can group 5 really good players on a powerplay against a team with weak special teams, your odds of scoring increase by a huge amount.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This line of thinking also applies to pulling the goalie. When there are six attackers versus five defenders, the attacking team has far better odds of scoring a goal due to increased shooting lanes and an easier time retaining possession. When at even strength they might be lucky to get one quality scoring chance in 2-3 minutes, with an extra attacker they might get three or four, or even more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if they pull the goalie there are much better odds that they'll score a goal, if they don't pull the goalie there are much better odds that they won't score a goal. Since a goal is what they need, pulling their goalie is a good idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9013" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T13:42:38.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16261" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16264" CreationDate="2017-06-08T17:14:51.537" Score="4" ViewCount="2116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realized I've been using the term for years but never realized that taken literally, it makes no sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Alley&quot; - other than the word alley, I have no idea what this could refer to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;oop&quot; - most likely a shortened version of hoop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a shortened version of another phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T17:44:57.607" LastActivityDate="2023-10-08T00:04:46.780" Title="What is the history of the term &quot;Alley-Oop&quot;?" Tags="|basketball|history|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16263" CreationDate="2017-06-08T17:31:56.473" Score="1" ViewCount="473" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been exercising to improve my time for distances from 100m to 1km for the past two months, and I feel that I have made a decent amount of progress. However, I get a feeling that even my new times are quite slow relative to other people about my age who practice running. So, referring to coaches and maybe people who have access to useful statistics, what is considered an average &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; time, among people the age from 17 to 20, who practice running regularly on an amateur level for (any of) the following distances: 100m, 400m, 800m, 1000m?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of comparison, here are my record running times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100m  - 11.9 secconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;400m  - 59 seconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;800m  - 2 minutes 10 seconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1000m - 2 minutes 45 seconds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, please don't be afraid to be as harsh as possible and be as truthful as you can - i.e. even if my times are absolutely awful for my age, please say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13498" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T08:04:34.750" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T08:04:34.750" Title="What is considered a 'good' running time for short running distances for a normal fit person?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-06-16T11:42:19.083" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16262" CreationDate="2017-06-08T17:39:35.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are good times. Here are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ihsa.org/documents/trb/2016-17/2017%20TRB%20Qualifying%20Standards.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;State Qualifying&lt;/a&gt; times for Illinois High School Boys. You aren't quite to these levels, but you are certainly well above average times for your age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal experience around runners of that age is that nobody will judge you, disrespect you, or think less of you for those times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: There is some confusion in the comments. These are the qualifying times for the State Finals for High School Boys in Illinois. The State Finals are the highest level of competition available for a high school athlete. If you run ANY of these times, you should be considered exceptional at that race. There is nothing specific about Illinois, I just chose a state I was familiar with. Every state will have slightly different qualifications. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, there are less than 100 athletes that make these times each year, for the entire state of IL which has a population of 12 million.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastEditorUserId="13411" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T20:37:28.907" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T20:37:28.907" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16261" CreationDate="2017-06-08T17:44:28.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Alley-Oop&quot; appears to have originated from the French term, &quot;Allez Hop.&quot; &quot;Allez Hop&quot; is the &quot;cry&quot; made prior to the jumping of an acrobat in a circus&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/what-alley-oop-means-2014-2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Alley-Oop&quot; was used in the NFL during the 1950s with respect to the San Francisco 49ers, describing an arching pass in which taller receivers caught the ball over smaller defenders&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/what-alley-oop-means-2014-2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though its origins were not etched in basketball, basketball adopted this term and is used today to describe a basketball player making a basket while catching the ball in mid-air&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alley-oop_(basketball)#History&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q4A0m.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q4A0m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Alley-Oop History&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T17:44:28.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3825" CreationDate="2017-06-08T20:01:11.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One click is half a ring in any direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each pistol or rifle has its own click system as is mentioned in their respective manuals. However, this rule of thumb comes from practical experience of shooting and rotating clicks accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13499" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-22T00:25:12.400" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T00:25:12.400" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16259" CreationDate="2017-06-08T23:03:50.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bottom line is that the league which &lt;em&gt;pays&lt;/em&gt; the most (by a significant margin) is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indian Premier League&lt;/a&gt;. If you think that T20 cricket is the &quot;most important&quot; form of cricket, then the IPL is where you want to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 50 over cricket, the most important tournament is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, closely followed by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions Trophy&lt;/a&gt;. For Test cricket, there is no single tournament, so it's a question of playing for your country - for English or Australian players, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ashes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ashes&lt;/a&gt; are definitely the premier rivalry. For other countries, it's less clear, although a lot of players would say that playing at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lord's&lt;/a&gt; is a highlight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T23:03:50.787" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16270" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16281" CreationDate="2017-06-09T10:28:27.487" Score="1" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Observed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/k1Abavj16hg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video here&lt;/a&gt;, Italy were repeatedly allowed to pass the offside line and enter England's backfield. Rarely does a team do this in any other game, even if it is a &quot;tackle-only&quot; as the referee repeatedly calls out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What rules allow Italy to do this?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, the referee states that there is a one metre offside line around the ruck. What rules cover this, and why is this restriction in place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13504" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T23:23:16.993" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T08:39:44.973" Title="Why were Italy allowed to run offside in their Six Nations match with England?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16270" CreationDate="2017-06-09T10:58:38.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Italy did not form a ruck as defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=16&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16 of rugby union's Law of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. With no ruck there is no offside line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no one-metre restriction around a ruck. The offside line is defined by the hindmost foot of the hindmost player for each team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T23:19:57.297" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T23:19:57.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16272" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" Score="0" Body="" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16273" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" Score="0" Body="Questions about North American major league sports, namely the following: MLB, MLS, NBA, NFL, NHL" OwnerDisplayName="user527" LastEditorDisplayName="user527" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T11:47:42.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16274" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-06-09T16:02:10.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding any Championship or Cup. Use this tag to distinguish from ordinary games/events along with the tag of the appropriate sport and tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T00:16:53.123" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T00:16:53.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16275" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-06-09T16:02:10.073" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding any Championship or Cup. Use this tag to distinguish from ordinary games/events along with the tag of the appropriate sport." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-06-10T11:35:29.313" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T11:35:29.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16276" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-09T23:53:02.837" Score="0" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 1960's could the Official Scorer in a MLB game decide who the winning pitcher was if he pitched 7 or 8 innings and left with the game with the score tied 1-1 if his team later scored the winning run in the 9th inning?  I know this is not the case now, but thought it was back in the 1960's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13507" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T03:33:13.377" Title="MLB Winning Pitcher Determination" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16276" CreationDate="2017-06-10T03:33:13.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have access to a rulebook of that era, but I've not heard of this before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/rulechng.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Almanac&lt;/a&gt; has a page listing major rule changes over the years.  As this seems quite &quot;major&quot; to me, I'd expect it to appear there.  I see several mentions of changes to the save rule, but not for wins and losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A copy of a relevant rulebook would be best, but short of that I'm leaning to &quot;no, there doesn't seem to have been a change in this rule since the '60s&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T03:33:13.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16280" CreationDate="2017-06-10T03:51:21.410" Score="0" ViewCount="1317" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a baseball broadcast tonight, the team statistic &quot;wins in last at-bat&quot; came up.  What's the definition of this term?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The announcer was careful to point out that such a win &quot;doesn't have to be a walk-off&quot;, and gave as an example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/491003/final/box&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Francisco at Milwaukee, June 8, 2017&lt;/a&gt;.  This was an extra-innings game in which the visiting Giants scored four runs in the top of the 10th, then held the Brewers scoreless in the bottom of the 10th to win.  But the Giants' last at-bat in the top of the 10th didn't score a run at all (it was a ground ball into a double play) so it's not clear to me in what sense they won on their last at-bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it helps, there was a graphic showing the National League leaders for most wins in last at-bat in the 2017 season up to June 9:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Giants            9&#xA;Phillies          9&#xA;Diamondbacks      7&#xA;Braves            7&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried searching and found a few mentions of games won on the last at-bat, but couldn't find a precise definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T22:16:06.760" Title="What is a &quot;win in last at-bat&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16279" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16296" CreationDate="2017-06-10T04:46:08.423" Score="4" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I wonder which team will qualify if following scenario happen?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Here is the scenario:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to group A's point table after Bangladesh defeat New&#xA;  Zealand, if match between Australia and England washout in the rain&#xA;  who will qualify for the semi-final?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the Group A's Point Table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AlUhz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AlUhz.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-07-04T10:15:41.373" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T15:11:59.437" Title="Who will qualify for semi-final?" Tags="|cricket|icc|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16278" CreationDate="2017-06-10T08:32:05.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't hear it much outside this specific context, but would generally assume that an at-bat for a team (instead of an individual) covers the portion of a single inning that a team is on offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/97299/story-of-the-postseason-last-ab-wins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN story&lt;/a&gt; confirms that usage for this statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The definition of a last at-bat win is when the winning run is scored by a team in their final inning at the plate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T08:32:05.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16270" CreationDate="2017-06-10T08:39:44.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the video you posted you can hear the referee shouting &quot;just a tackle&quot;.  In doing so he's telling the players that no ruck has been formed and hence there is no resulting offside line. (See &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Law 16&quot;&gt;Law 16&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ruck is a phase of play where one or more players from each team, who are on their feet, in physical contact, close around the ball on the ground. Open play has ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there has been a tackle so, at that point, play is now governed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=15&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Law 15&quot;&gt;Law 15&lt;/a&gt;.  This says that, after a tackle, players not involved in the tackle itself can only enter the tackle area though what is known &quot;the gate&quot;.  The term 'gate' is not defined in the laws but it is effectively shorthand for the following text in laws 15.6 (c), (d) &amp;amp; (g). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These say that any player getting involved in play in the tackle area must do so ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... from behind the ball and from directly behind the tackled player or the tackler closest to those players’ goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is much easier to understand with a picture so have a look at last image 'the tackle gate' on World Rugby's &lt;a href=&quot;http://rugbyready.worldrugby.org/index.php?section=65_9&amp;amp;tab=tab-4&amp;amp;language=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; that explains the tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee's comment about 1 meter is him explaining that if a player approaches close to the tackle area but does not do so through the appropriate 'gate' then they will breach part of Law 15.6. (Note that the laws do not mention 1m specifically, instead it's just a pragmatic rule of thumb for defining the tackle area.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6399" LastActivityDate="2017-06-10T08:39:44.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16092" CreationDate="2017-06-10T21:31:21.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many other sports in the United Kingdom have competitions with teams representing their county, for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintonengland.co.uk/landingpage.asp?section=5825&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;badminton&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lta.org.uk/competitions/team-competition/aegon-county-cup/aegon-county-cup-adult-events/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tennis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13511" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-06-11T03:20:33.060" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T03:20:33.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16285" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16338" CreationDate="2017-06-11T03:42:31.260" Score="8" ViewCount="2871" Body="&lt;p&gt;A football team must consist of no more than eleven players (and a minimum of seven). When was this number chosen and is there any reason for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T23:20:30.250" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T10:22:29.840" Title="When was eleven players per team decided upon?" Tags="|rules|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16286" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-11T06:32:28.183" Score="5" ViewCount="5713" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently played a football game. We conceded a goal in the start of the first half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the allowance for time lost at the end of the second half, our team member was in front of the goal with the ball. As he was about to shoot, the referee gave the final whistle and ended the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the referee's decision fair?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13512" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-12T03:06:35.223" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T09:36:42.697" Title="Can the referee end the game while someone is about to shoot?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16286" CreationDate="2017-06-11T06:41:45.690" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes - the decision was at least correct by Law, and most likely fair as well. The referee is the sole arbiter of timekeeping, as shown in the following Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Refereee, Section 3 - Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts as timekeeper, keeps a record of the match and provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, including information on disciplinary action and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/allowance-for-time-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 - The Duration of The Match, Section 3 - Allowance For Time Lost&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fourth official indicates the minimum additional time decided by the referee at the end of the final minute of each half. The additional time may be increased by the referee but not reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee had decided that the amount of additional time added on had compensated for time lost during the second half, they were correct by Law to stop play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as to the question of the decision being fair - some referees may decide to &quot;find&quot; a few more seconds if there is a promising attack, since the time added on is generally a very rough estimate. This generous helping of a few extra seconds is acceptable to most referees. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the longer play is allowed to continue after the initial allotment of additional time, the unfairer this is on the defending team. If a team has had 90 minutes plus additional time (along with a few seconds more) to score - why should the other team be placed at a disadvantage by allowing even more time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1978 World Cup, in a match between Sweden and Brazil, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDfV35ddpu0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;referee Clive Thomas signalled for the expiry of time from a Brazilian corner kick while the ball was in mid-flight&lt;/a&gt;, with the ball ending up in the net. The tournament's refereeing committee decided that this was a poor use of Thomas's discretionary powers relating to additional time, sending him home from the tournament. It is clear that in this case, Thomas would have been better using his discretion to either end the match before the corner kick was taken, or to find the extra couple of seconds required to see what the outcome of the kick was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it is important to note that in some competitions, referees are not permitted to add on any time to allow for time lost. In this case, the referee must end the period as soon as their watch shows that time has exprired for that period (ie 45 minutes, or whatever the competition rules state that the length of the half is).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-12T03:06:10.967" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T03:06:10.967" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16178" CreationDate="2017-06-11T17:17:11.060" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I may be wrong but I don't think a game is cut short unless it qualifies as an official game (6 innings I think). For example, if a rainout occurs after two innings the game will not be awarded to team leading at that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought these sites were suppose to informative and fun? The other sites I'm in are...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="13514" LastEditDate="2017-06-11T19:36:10.620" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T19:36:10.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-06-11T18:29:04.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After searching a bit on net found a photo of &lt;strong&gt;Pele holding a Golden Ball&lt;/strong&gt; in this link (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2655035/World-Cup-Golden-Boot-Golden-Ball-The-history-awards.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2655035/World-Cup-Golden-Boot-Golden-Ball-The-history-awards.html&lt;/a&gt;) which also states the award has been given out since &lt;strong&gt;1930&lt;/strong&gt; first being &lt;em&gt;Jose Nasazzi&lt;/em&gt; (Uruguay). &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Many other website does say the award being given prior to 1978 but I was unable to find any photos prior to this Pele one(1970).&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CP2mD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Pele with Golden Ball&quot;&gt; Source: Dailymail &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T18:29:04.270" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15654" CreationDate="2017-06-11T19:30:26.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player who has a record of winning most trophies in T20 Leagues is &lt;strong&gt;Kieron Pollard – 11 trophies&lt;/strong&gt;, you can get a &lt;strong&gt;list of other players in this website&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-most-successful-t20-cricketers-ever/5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-most-successful-t20-cricketers-ever/5&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;&lt;br&gt; Website shows &lt;em&gt;Kieron Pollard – 10&lt;/em&gt; trophies because they haven't added &lt;strong&gt;IPL 2017&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T19:30:26.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16297" CreationDate="2017-06-11T22:34:42.457" Score="6" ViewCount="3081" Body="&lt;p&gt;When driving other types of car, drivers usually turn the steering wheel smoothly. Sudden jerking movements are generally only needed to recover from mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In F1 the drivers constantly turn the wheel back and forth in corners, rapidly and violently twisting it as they go. That seems like a bad idea, not doing anything to help the car grip the track or reduce tyre wear or reduce lap times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not point the wheel at the right angle and keep it there? The drivers surely know the ideal line, speed and amount of rotation to get through the corner, but seem to need several large adjustments anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13516" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T11:44:42.207" Title="Why do F1 drivers move the wheel so much?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16293" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-12T02:28:42.210" Score="5" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am interested in doing some baseball analysis with Leverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insidethebook.com/li.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Leverage Table&quot;&gt;Tom Tango's Leverage table&lt;/a&gt; from The Book as well as Baseball-Reference's data pages (e.g., &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/1978-pitching.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;78 Astros Pitching&quot;&gt;this pitching page&lt;/a&gt;).  However I noticed that The Book indicated values of 1.5 falling in both the medium-Leverage and high-Leverage categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Realizing this may be due to rounding, I have interest in finding a higher precision table (to two or more decimal places).  I'd also be interested in a table which covers additional situations in which a team leads by more than 4 runs. So does a more complete/precise table exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-06-12T05:24:07.297" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T05:24:07.297" Title="Is there a more complete baseball Leverage table?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15470" CreationDate="2017-06-12T03:38:19.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After searching a bit, there is not much detail or a definite answer, but this &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/119745&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Autosport article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; says the 1992 tyre width was 420mm and the biggest until now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this other link of &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tyre-shopper.co.uk/blog/formula-one-tyres-2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tyre-Shopper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; says the same width was used in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the tyre used in 1992:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cUztb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1992 formula One car with rear tyre&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-11-16T21:43:06.113" LastActivityDate="2020-11-16T21:43:06.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16279" CreationDate="2017-06-12T10:45:53.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a moot point now as England did beat Australia, but it was a very good question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2017-qualification-scenario-each-team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sportskeeda&lt;/a&gt; if points are equal then the team with the most wins will go through before it goes to Run Rate, if that is equal then it goes to team seeding. Therefore Bangladesh would have qualifies as they had won a game whereas Australia had not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T15:11:59.437" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T15:11:59.437" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16292" CreationDate="2017-06-12T11:44:42.207" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;An F1 car driven on the limit is often very close to crashing, oversteer is the main risk for the driver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oversteer is where the car wants to &quot;swap ends&quot; as there is so much power going through the rear wheels that they want to overtake the front, you don't tend to get this in normal road cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The driver of an F1 car can solve this problem by either lifting off the throttle (they don't like doing that as it slows them down!) or by steering into the oversteer, by applying opposite lock.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what you are generally seeing, it happens very quickly as the driver feels it starting to happen, they are doing it instinctively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will also see a lot of steering wheel action on bumpy circuits as the bumps can feedback through the steering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some cars are easier to drive, have better suspension than others and so you will see this less while some drivers also have a smoother style, Jenson Button for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to predict the exact amount of oversteer the driver might encounter as it depends on tyre wear, fuel load, how &quot;clean&quot; the racing line is etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T11:44:42.207" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2781" CreationDate="2017-06-12T15:36:34.443" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched for different articles on low over rate punishment and found many article on ICC official website under search term low over rate, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/search?term=slow+over-rate&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to Website search result&lt;/a&gt;. After manually checking many articles this is the result:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England has gotten the most punishments for slow over rate that is 18 occasion behind them is Sri Lanka with 17 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For player Mahela Jayawardene has most punishment until now that is 5 times between England and Sri Lanka, I would back this up after checking other countries as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T05:37:43.900" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T05:37:43.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16299" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16301" CreationDate="2017-06-12T20:31:49.317" Score="6" ViewCount="3086" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB-BeachVolleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Offical Beach Volleyball Rules 2017-2020&lt;/a&gt;, which rule allows for a double contact while using an overhand finger action on a hard driven ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see an exception for Extended contacts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.2.4 Extended contacts: In defensive action of a hard driven ball, the ball contact can be extended momentarily even if an overhand&#xA;  finger action is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only information I found supporting the double contact was from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/2015-Beach-Volleyball-Rules-Casebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Beach Volleyball Rules Casebook&lt;/a&gt;, case 5.3.11 (5.20)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.3.11 (5.20) Is it allowed to play a ball as a hard driven ball (i.e. by momentary extended contact with hands) if the ball is coming from&#xA;  the opponent’s block? Ruling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer&lt;/strong&gt; (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yes. This is legal if satisfying the requirements of a hard driven&#xA;  ball defence. The ball rebounding or being deflected off the block is&#xA;  considered as an attack hit and in this case the ball may be caught&#xA;  momentarily with hands. &lt;strong&gt;It may also be double contacted with fingers&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  Rule 9.2.2.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13520" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T16:42:05.323" Title="Hand setting a hard driven ball (beach volleyball)" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16299" CreationDate="2017-06-12T22:17:15.140" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a change in the rules from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_BeachVolleyball_Rules_2015-2016_EN_V3_20150205.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-2016 rules&lt;/a&gt; to the 2017-2020 rules. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/2017_Beach_Volleyball_Rules_Casebook_v21.04.2017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 casebook&lt;/a&gt; does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; contain the &quot;It may also be double contacted with the fingers&quot; statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2015-2016 rules, rule 9.2.3.2 is the bit which allowed double contact on a hard-driven ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[A double contact is not a fault] at the first hit of the team, unless it is played overhand using fingers&#xA;  (exception Rule 9.2.2.1), the ball may contact various parts of the body&#xA;  consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a bit confusing as it is an exception to an exception to an exception. The logic is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A double contact is a fault&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unless it is at the first hit of a team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But it is a fault if the ball is played overhead with the fingers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unless it was a hard driven ball, in which case it's not a fault again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2017-2020 rules, 9.2.2.2 makes it clear that this situation &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a fault:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During the first hit of the team if it is played&#xA;  overhand using fingers, the ball may NOT contact the fingers/ hands&#xA;  consecutively, even if the contacts occur during one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T22:17:15.140" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16310" CreationDate="2017-06-13T02:54:48.137" Score="2" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see pro squash players, in a match, making many repetitive shots along the side wall, cycling in and out of position. At times, it almost looks like they're doing a drill, not actually trying to win the point. In my own games with my longtime partner, I frequently try to win a point with a kill shot off his serve, or otherwise try to win the point as quickly as possible. Our rallies often last only a few shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess my question is almost about the philosophy of the game. If elite players (not me!!) are capable of making a well-placed drop shot and ending the rally, why don't they? Or is their opponent's shot so difficult that they are only able to barely make a return shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13523" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T17:10:55.163" Title="Squash: Is there a 'correct' flow to a game?" Tags="|squash|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-13T03:21:21.957" Score="1" ViewCount="743" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a little league championship game, there have been two outs, with a man on second. The batter hits a home run. The batter runs bases and gets home, but the outfield team notice that he didn't step on third base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coaches instruct the pitcher to go back to mound and throw to his third baseman, who tags the base. The umpire then calls the runner out. As a result, the home run doesn't count and this is the third out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the other team is celebrating, the team in the outfield leaves the field. The coaches of the team that just hit the home run start questioning what happened. After the umpire explains to them why the batter is out, the coaches start verbally disputing the decision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a long discussion with both team coaches, the umpire decides to change his call and allows the home run to count. This is in spite of one of the outfield coaches openly admitting that the player missed third base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any basis in the rules for the call being changed, or was the original call correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the original call was incorrect, is the umpire permitted to change it at this stage once the outfield team has left the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should umpires in little league be making decisions based on input from coaches from either or both teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13524" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T04:44:23.377" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T18:10:30.597" Title="In little league, can an umpire change their ruling based on advice from coaching staff?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16308" CreationDate="2017-06-13T08:36:12.027" Score="4" ViewCount="6394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rafael Nadal &quot;The King of Clay&quot; won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 French Open&lt;/a&gt; dominantly without dropping a set. He got a little bit of help achieving the feat as he didn't face either of the top 2 ranking players (i.e., a combination of remarkable skills on his favorite surface and a bit of luck). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me wonder how many times this has happened before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T20:05:25.340" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:37:45.153" Title="Tennis Grand Slam winner who didn't lose a set" Tags="|trivia|tennis|history|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16286" CreationDate="2017-06-13T09:36:42.697" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes; moreover, it has happened: take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX8NJJajoG8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; referee decision in a League Two game that actually decided Accrington Stanley's fate of keeping them from promotion to League One.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was it fair? It's hard to say. The reason for this decision, as was explained in the media, was that the referee didn't blow the whistle on time and wanted to end the half once the ball was in the air. Since that was only done when the ball was in Wimbledon's box, and he didn't want to influence the course of the game by his mistake, he blew the whistle just before the ball hit the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, no referee should ever do anything like it. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://the%20refereeing%20laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the footballing regulations&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;the referee may not change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play has restarted or the referee&quot;. This has since been interpreted as, and extended to, &quot;made decisions that the referee realises to be wrong must not affect the character of their future decisions&quot;. As such sorts of decision cannot be anything but a compensation for an earlier mistake, most such half-time/full-time whistles can be regarded as poor refereeing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your referee, I don't now the context, so I can't precisely tell. But if I were to guess, I'd say their decision was a poor one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13498" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T09:36:42.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16306" CreationDate="2017-06-13T09:39:06.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the difficulty this event had already occurred several times in the past: 9 times for men events and 40 times in women events in modern era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;men records for modern era:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bjorn Borg and Rafael Nadal take this achievement 3 times each&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bjorn Borg in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976 Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt; and Rafael Nadal in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Roland Garros&lt;/a&gt; were the lowest ranking (4th) player to win a Grand Slam witouht losing a set&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AUS open: 2 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roland Garros: 6 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wimbledon: 2 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;US open: never happened&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;women records for modern era:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;women: Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams won a Grand Slam tournaments witouh losing a set 6 times each&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the lowest ranking player to win a Grand Slam without losing a set was n.15th Marion Bartoli in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt; (her only Gran Slam tiltle just before her retirement)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AUS open: 8 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roland Garros: 7 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wimbledon: 10 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;US open: 15 times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_related_tennis_records#Won_a_title_without_losing_a_set&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here the updated wikipedia pages with the list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to notice that for Nadal this 2017 Roland Garros represents his personal career record for percentage of game won on game losts (116 GW vs only 35 GL =&gt; 76.8%)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T16:37:45.153" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:37:45.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16304" CreationDate="2017-06-13T13:51:39.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, an umpire only changes his calls after discussion with the rest of the umpiring crew. Technically, the umpire that made the call is the only one that can overturn it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, an Umpire is allowed to change a call like this, however it is highly unusual to do so after coaches protest. If the kid did truly miss the bag, there is really no reason to call him safe, and changing a call like this is unprofessional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, depending on the ages of the kids, and the opinion of the pitching teams coach, this may not be so egregious. If the kids are young, and the coach of the defense agrees that they want to let the kid have the homerun, than this call might not be so bad. If the kids are older, and this is the championship in a competitive league, or the defense's coach was not in agreement, this is poor umpiring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T13:51:39.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16303" CreationDate="2017-06-13T13:55:19.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a look how quick professional players are on the T and fast they move around the court.  They are well-trained top athletes and can easily reach all four corners from the T.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against players on this level a drop shot is a high risk shot to play if the opponent is in front of you on the T.  The opponent has a short way to the ball, probably even shorter than your way back to the T.  If your drop-shot isn't inch-perfect it'll backfire:  You'll either get a counter-drop or a straight/cross drive against the direction of your movement, and suddenly find yourself under pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even worse, your drop shot might go wrong and end up in the tin or bouncing back towards the T and your opponent.  These are gifts to your opponent (in the latter case the opponent will hold on the ball until you've committed to a corner, then send the ball another way, beyond your reach); your attack gave the opponent a cheap and easy point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the &quot;drill-like&quot; length game you'll typically see on professional games.  It's goal is to move the opponent out of T position:  If you hit a perfect length the opponent will have to move deep into the back corner and struggle to play a good return, at which point you can attack towards the front wall with a drop shot and force your opponent go a long way at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user6334" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T13:55:19.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16311" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-13T13:56:37.977" Score="7" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situation as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runners on first and second, zero or one out. Ground Ball is hit to the shortstop. The runner on second intentionally slides into or kicks the ball, getting himself out, so that the shortstop cannot turn a double play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal? Or would the umpire declare the runner at second out as well, a la the new interference at second play. If legal, has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-06-15T16:02:56.213" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T16:02:56.213" Title="Intentionally being struck with batted ball to prevent a double play" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16304" CreationDate="2017-06-13T14:24:00.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, technically, the umpire can do so, but there is usually a more formal process vs off the cuff, which seems to have been followed here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this brings up the larger issue of what we mean by &quot;little league.&quot;  A relatively informal kids' T-ball league?  The earliest iterations of pitched baseball, meant mostly to get kids interested and having fun?  More competitive leagues that are looking to qualify for the eventual World Series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes a difference, both in how they want rules applied for that league, and the amount of experience and formal structure there is to the umpires organizations that officiate the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's the lower levels, do you really want to crush a kids' spirit because he got so excited about hitting his first-ever home run, a game-winner, that he missed third base?  Do you want the other team to &quot;earn&quot; their win not through play on the field, but a technicality?  As the kids get more experience, we expect them to understand the rules, follow them more tightly, and to understand the consequences, but if we're talking about 7 or 8 year-olds, it would be a horrible thing to be that pedantic about the rules and to look to win games on that kind of a technicality at that level.  It sends all the wrong messages about sports to kids, IMO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T14:24:00.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2966" CreationDate="2017-06-13T14:29:29.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As there is no official wording from Sky Sports on technology behind Rev Counter there were two possible theories, one would be high-speed camera coupled to a computer running an image recognition/analysis program as mentioned in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/70600/how-do-they-measure-the-rotational-speed-of-cricket-balls&quot;&gt;Physics StackExchange Question&lt;/a&gt;. Which would be challenging in that given time frame.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Other one is &lt;strong&gt;3D Doppler Tracking&lt;/strong&gt; that is used in products developed by company FlightScope to measure Golf Ball data, which can be used to measure variables like ball speed, spin rate, spin axis, and many more.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;As they have mentioned in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flightscope.com/other-sports/cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Company link&lt;/a&gt; about the use of their technology in Cricket Ball Tracking. Their product may be the used technology.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The principles of the 3D Doppler Tracking, and How does the 3D Doppler Tracking Radar work? can be viewed in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flightscope.com/company/technology/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to site&lt;/a&gt; and this &lt;a href=&quot;http://flightscope.com/products/tracer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link for working example&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-08T07:08:20.970" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T07:08:20.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2017-06-13T16:43:23.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One aspect that has been ignored in this discussion is the origin of the competition. In Europe all teams started locally as amateur teams. When you play, you have a vested interest in playing at a suitable level. Some amateur teams are only competing for the love of the sport, others are trying to be as good as they can within the limits of being an amateur. This has led to the diversification to different playing levels aka divisions with the possibility of promotion/relegation when teams are getting worse or better on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most professional clubs are the top of the pyramid of an organisation with teams at various levels of competition, with only the top as professional and the teams below as amateurs, extending to youth level. It just happens to be that in England professionalism has led to a system with multiple levels of competition. In other countries there are only 2 or 3 levels of professional football competition. Look below that level and you will find amateur football/handball/hockey, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the USA this environment of establishing local 'grass roots' teams never took off, as the only organised play (football, baseball, etc) was through school. There was no need or requirement for organised sports on amateur level, since it was provided through high school, followed by university. After that, the real world awaits and there is no time, no need, no opportunity for spending so much time on recreational organised sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13527" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T16:43:23.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-13T17:51:32.760" Score="1" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've followed racing (cars and bikes) for years, and taken it for granted that the fastest qualifier would take pole position and start at the front of the grid.  A friend asked me why that is, because he thought it gave an additional unfair advantage to drivers that are already proven faster.  I realized I could speculate as to why (e.g. less frivolous passing makes the race safer, faster drivers are not bogged down and forced to lose by being made to pass many times in a limited-time race, simply a merit-based system, etc) but didn't have a concrete answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Friend asked why the fastest riders aren't placed at the back of the grid to force them to prove their merit.  Easy answer is, everyone would sandbag the crap out of qualifying, no one would give their best because they'd want to be closer to the front.  Friend asked why the grid isn't just randomized.  My answer is that it removes all merit from the process, as well as the other safety-related item mentioned above.  But I realized that's all my own speculation as to the &quot;why&quot; question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is it &quot;just the way it is,&quot; is it tradition, just a decision that was sort of arbitrarily made, or is there another reason why the fastest driver gets to be on the pole?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that there are systems where the fastest qualifier isn't just given the pole, but for the purposes of this question, I'm asking what are the reasons (if any are known) that many high profile racing leagues/series place the fastest driver on pole?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13528" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T17:51:32.760" Title="Why does the fastest racer typically start at the front of the grid?" Tags="|auto-racing|road-racing|qualifying|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16320" CreationDate="2017-06-13T18:22:51.260" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the years, there have been instances when batsmen have hit a six off the final ball of the match to win a game when they needed 4, 5 runs in a last ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shivnarine Chanderpaul carried West Indies to a thrilling final-ball one-wicket win in the first one-day international in Port of Spain against Sri Lanka when they needed 6 run in last ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any other international cricket match that were won on a last ball after needing 6 runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T21:30:35.883" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T21:30:35.883" Title="How many times International cricket match were won after needing 6 runs in 1 ball?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16337" CreationDate="2017-06-13T19:17:19.650" Score="6" ViewCount="870" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia’s Andrew Symonds managed to score eight runs off one ball while playing in Brisbane facing New Zealand bowler Iain O'Brien in November 2008. He ran four runs before the ball was thrown back over the wicket keeper's head for a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times has this happened in an international cricket match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T03:49:42.203" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T18:24:21.123" Title="How many times batsmen have managed to get more than 7 runs on a single ball in an international cricket match?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16318" CreationDate="2017-06-13T21:07:00.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The example you found is the only time in international cricket that a team needed 6 off the last ball and won. I used statsguru and looked up teams that fielded first, won the match, and took the max number of balls. Then I just looked match-by-match (there weren't a whole lot) and looked if the team needed 6 off the last ball. Plenty of them hit a six, but the only team that needed a six was West Indies against Sri Lanka.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T20s:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=120;ballsval1=balls;batting_fielding_first=2;class=3;filter=advanced;groupby=match;orderby=won;result=1;template=results;type=team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=120;ballsval1=balls;batting_fielding_first=2;class=3;filter=advanced;groupby=match;orderby=won;result=1;template=results;type=team&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ODIs:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmax1=300;ballsmin1=300;ballsval1=balls;batting_fielding_first=2;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=team_score;result=1;template=results;type=team;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmax1=300;ballsmin1=300;ballsval1=balls;batting_fielding_first=2;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=team_score;result=1;template=results;type=team;view=innings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T21:07:00.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2017-06-14T03:13:44.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard the player was checking the speed of the pitch which is usually  displayed on the scoreboard after every pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T03:13:44.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5508" CreationDate="2017-06-14T06:08:41.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I remember correctly, on May 26, 1959 in a game at County Stadium in Milwaukee pitting the visiting Pittsburgh Pirates against the Milwaukee Braves, this exact issue became a reality.  Pitcher Harvey Haddix for Pittsburgh was outstanding.  For 12 consecutive innings the Braves went 3 up, 3 down, for 36 consecutive outs.  In the bottom of the 13th inning Felix Millan reached first base on an error by Don Hoak, Henry Aaron walked, and then Joe Adcock blasted what everyone thought was a 3-run walk off home run.  However, after passing second base and watching Felix Millan score the winning by run, Henry Aaron just left the base path because the game was over.  This ended up being scored as a double for Joe Adcock and he received credit for a RBI, Henry Aaron was determined to be out, and the Braves won the game 1-0 on this unearned run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, since precedent has been set in this regard, I would believe if the runner left third base for the dugout, he would receive credit for a triple to complete his cycle and then he would be called &quot;out&quot; for running out of the base path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13532" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T06:08:41.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16323" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16325" CreationDate="2017-06-14T11:44:17.213" Score="3" ViewCount="873" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many players have been out on 99 over the years in international cricket match but the question is how many of those player became out in their debut match?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/94500.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link of crickinfo&lt;/a&gt; shows many batsman who were dismissed for 99 in test.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is total number of player who got out in 99 at their debut game combining test, ODI, t20i?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T15:28:33.410" Title="How many players have been out on 99 run in their international cricket match debut?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16131" CreationDate="2017-06-14T14:32:57.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After searching in many website for the answer of this question there is no data that shows percentage energy usage from recovered powered vs the total energy used.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a website &lt;a href=&quot;http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/energy-news/?p=1336&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fuel-efficient-vehicles.org&lt;/a&gt; this one line states :  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Formula E car maximum power output will be 200kW equating to 270 horsepower and the vehicle will have a max regenerative capacity of 150kW, powered by the brakes as drivers enter corners and chicanes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula E car has 320kg Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) batteries which is connected with two MGU motors still lacks in power, so the car needs to be swapped mid way. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RlZF9j3NoE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Working of power unit&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So technology is not all for the show and still regenerates some energy. This table shows energy recovered by MGU motors in formula one car, which is 160hp.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Gs-wNDoH--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_636/19dbvjhdcwfpepng.png&quot; alt=&quot;Table Pic&quot;&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jalopnik.com/how-formula-ones-amazing-new-hybrid-turbo-engine-works-1506450399&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to table website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, from all data I have formula e have capacity to regenerate 150kw energy (Source given above), i'm not sure how much that comes out in percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T18:29:23.470" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T18:29:23.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16323" CreationDate="2017-06-14T15:28:33.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Asim Kamal (PAK) '03&lt;br&gt;&#xA;AG Chipperfield (AUS) '34&lt;br&gt;&#xA;RJ Christiani (WI) '48&lt;br&gt;&#xA;EJG Morgan (IRE) '06&lt;br&gt;&#xA;SP Patil* (UAE) '14&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All were dismissed at 99 in their debut. SP Patil was not out. Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;debut_or_last=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;runsmax1=99;runsmin1=99;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;debut_or_last=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;runsmax1=99;runsmin1=99;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T15:28:33.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14519" CreationDate="2017-06-14T16:13:26.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not been answered for some time but now there is a complete List of stripped Olympic medals in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of a table:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KXV34.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KXV34.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Piece of complete table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T16:55:08.307" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T16:55:08.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15491" CreationDate="2017-06-14T17:02:05.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/blogs/content/story/797859.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blog of &lt;strong&gt;espncricinfo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by author &lt;em&gt;KARTIKEYA DATE&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which summarizes as:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PHkba.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;when enforcing follow on&quot;&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oIaNY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;when enforcing follow on&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As these picture explain there is not much difference between enforcing a follow-on and not enforcing one. And enforcement rate has been clearly dropped, and success on not enforcing has improved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/npEOY.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/npEOY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Test span table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Enforcement rate is the percentage of Tests in which the follow-on was available and was actually enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-08T10:30:13.900" LastActivityDate="2017-10-08T10:30:13.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13912" CreationDate="2017-06-14T18:17:16.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't found any data from FIFA Technical Study Group, this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Link&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Statistics for assists made by players may be kept officially by the organisers of a competition, or unofficially by, for example, journalists or organisers of fantasy football competitions. Recording assists is not part of the official Laws of the Game and the criteria for an assist to be awarded may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But NCAA Official Soccer Statistics Rules section 5 article 1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 1. A player is credited with an assist when he makes, in&#xA;  the opinion of the statistician, a pass contributing directly to a goal.&#xA;  Not more than two assists may be credited on any one scoring&#xA;  play. Each assist shall count one point in the player’s statistical&#xA;  record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a scoring play consists of two consecutive passes without&#xA;  a defender gaining control of the ball, two assists may be&#xA;  awarded, provided the second player does not have to elude&#xA;  a defender to make the final pass. Both passes must have a&#xA;  direct influence on the outcome of a goal scored. If the second&#xA;  player needs to elude a defender before passing to the&#xA;  goal-scorer, credit only that assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaa.org/championships/statistics/ncaa-soccer-statisticians-manual&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to NCAA Soccer Statisticians' Manual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T18:17:16.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16332" CreationDate="2017-06-15T14:08:50.533" Score="3" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situation in a match was, the striking batsman hit the ball. It immediately hit the non striker, whilst the non striker was a few yards outside his crease. The ball fell to the floor, the non striker doubled up in pain, and the bowler picked up the ball and ran out the non-striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was the ball dead after it hit the non-striker?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If not, would the ball have been dead if the non-striker had fallen to the ground, or was otherwise clearly unable to continue?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Had he fallen to the ground on top of the ball and blocked the fielder, could he have been out obstructing the field?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13538" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T07:59:19.407" Title="Can the non striking batsman be out if he blocks the field, having been injured" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16331" CreationDate="2017-06-15T14:32:10.670" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, the ball is not dead if it hits the non-striker. For perhaps the most famous incident of this, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFZM0OkJxG4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; where Andrew Symonds was caught off his teammate Michael Clarke's heel.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.4(b)&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when [...] (ii) a serious injury to a player or umpire occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, even if the ball were not dead. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 37&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if he &lt;strong&gt;wilfully&lt;/strong&gt; attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). An injured player is clearly not wilfully attempting very much at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the above is what the Laws state, I'll say it is &lt;em&gt;clearly&lt;/em&gt; against the spirit of the Laws to run out a player injured in this manner. I'd strongly hope that the captain of the fielding time would withdraw any appeal made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T07:59:19.407" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T07:59:19.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16311" CreationDate="2017-06-15T15:23:06.123" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both the runner who interfered and his teammate (the batter) are out, and any other runners cannot advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.01(a)(6):   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, in the judgment of the umpire, a base runner willfully&#xA;  and deliberately interferes with a batted ball or a fielder&#xA;  in the act of fielding a batted ball with the obvious intent&#xA;  to break up a double play, the ball is dead. The umpire&#xA;  shall call the runner out for interference and also call out&#xA;  the batter-runner because of the action of his teammate.&#xA;  In no event may bases be run or runs scored because of&#xA;  such action by a runner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/4/0/224919040/2017_Official_Baseball_Rules_dbt69t59.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/4/0/224919040/2017_Official_Baseball_Rules_dbt69t59.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T15:23:06.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16334" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-06-15T19:30:40.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Special teams is a term to describe the game play that occurs during certain scenarios in ice hockey and American football. In ice hockey, special teams refers to non-5-on-5 play caused by penalties. This encompasses power plays and penalty kills alike, and even-strength play with reduced numbers. Specific players may be special-teams experts, such as a penalty kill specialist; however, there are typically no players whose &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; roll occurs on special teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American football, special teams refer to the kicking and punting aspect of the game. Some players (such as the kicker, punter, or snapper) may only play during special teams situations. Often times, some players may have specialties in an area of special teams, such as returning kicks, but will also have a non-special teams role on the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-06-16T00:51:23.463" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T00:51:23.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16335" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-06-15T19:30:40.813" Score="0" Body="Questions about special teams: players and strategies that are important during non-standard game play. Special teams include power plays and penalty kills in ice hockey, and kicking and punting in American football. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T22:33:33.860" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T22:33:33.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16319" CreationDate="2017-06-16T03:37:19.583" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/379416.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPNCricinfo&lt;/a&gt;, it happened &lt;strong&gt;four times&lt;/strong&gt; in Test cricket in total including the feat of Andrew Symonds. Other instances are given below. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patsy Hedren facing Percy Hornibrook in 1928-29, Melbourne.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This rare feat happened for the first time when &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/14158.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patsy Hedren&lt;/a&gt; collected four overthrows after an all-run four off the Australian debutant &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/5707.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Percy Hornibrook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another trivia bit. This was the first series of Sir Donald Bradman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;John Wright facing Lenny Pascoe in 1980-81, Melbourne&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This time it was New Zealand's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/38757.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Wright&lt;/a&gt; who benefited from four overthrows (by Rod Marsh, who collected a fielder's return and hurled it at the stumps) after an all-run four off an unamused &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/7083.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lenny Pascoe&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brian Lara facing Nicky Boje in 2004-05, Port of Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/52337.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brian Lara&lt;/a&gt; glanced a ball from the South African slow left-armer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/44091.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicky Boje&lt;/a&gt; for three. The wicketkeeper, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/44111.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Boucher&lt;/a&gt;, ran after the ball and threw it back in, but his return hit a fielder's helmet on the ground, so he incurred five penalty runs, making eight in all off that delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these five penalty runs have been deducted from Brian Lara 's total runs after a recent rule change. These five runs were converted into extra penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occurences in ODI cricket are unknown. There are no occurences in T20 cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13458" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T03:37:19.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16285" CreationDate="2017-06-16T10:22:29.840" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From this article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.enfocamp.com/newsletter/2013/en/answers/11-players-football-team.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Players in a football team&lt;/a&gt; we can get some hypotheses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The big change arrived in 1870 with the agreement of the regulations that, amongst other things, established that there should only be one goalkeeper who stayed in a fixed position. Similarly it was decided that the number of players should be 11. The reason why this particular number was chosen is not exactly clear: &lt;strong&gt;it is believed that after many trials and tests the conclusion was reached that 20 players were enough to cover the pitch&lt;/strong&gt; and to this it was necessary to add the two goalkeepers previously mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For other people the reason behind it is a lot simpler: &lt;strong&gt;the football team managers wanted their sport to be as popular as or more popular than the most famous at that time, cricket, so they copied the number of players.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is indeed interesting to note that many sports have &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.factmonster.com/sports/sports-section/official-numbers-players-team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;11 players per team&lt;/a&gt;: American football, field hockey, cricket...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T10:22:29.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16189" CreationDate="2017-06-16T15:23:19.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Philip sir said it is going to vary a bit between legal jurisdictions, but for Australia it is legal if they adhere to the Combat Sports Act 1987 and the Combat Sport Regulations 2013. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dsr.wa.gov.au/support-and-advice/combat-sports-commission&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Combat Sports Commission&lt;/a&gt; implement and oversee these act and regulation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quebec also has &lt;a href=&quot;http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cr/S-3.1,%20r.%2011&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regulation respecting combat sports&#xA;Act respecting safety in sports&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ontario also has &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ontario.ca/page/combat-sports-regulation-and-fees&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules and regulations for professional combative sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://findlawaustralia.com.au/articles/5553/what-makes-boxing-and-other-combat-sports-legal-.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; also provide some extra information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summarizing: These event are legal in this cases because the law make them legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T15:23:19.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16342" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16353" CreationDate="2017-06-17T11:57:16.333" Score="1" ViewCount="7931" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any limit that a (football) team can spend in one transfer window? For example, could a team buy Cristiano Ronaldo and Alvaro Morata in a single transfer window?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13546" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T16:07:10.243" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T11:58:27.567" Title="Is there a limit on a team's spending in one transfer window?" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15082" CreationDate="2017-06-17T15:10:16.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Ram chandra point it out. The person is a PR minder. So doesnt only record the interview, also help them to navigate between all the reporter and sponsors. And also act like an assistant so driver only have to worry about racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I google &lt;code&gt;F1 PR Minder&lt;/code&gt; and find this post in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/formula1/comments/23ln8z/what_is_the_actual_job_of_the_drivers_minders/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reddit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One interesting comment here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ted Kravitz did a piece on this with Vettel's minder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their jobs are far more than just simply recording stuff the driver's say, they're basically like a personal assistant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drivers (top ones anyway) have a lot of obligations, especially with media and sponsors, if they're not out on the track racing, they're most likely doing an interview or making an appearance with sponsors. The PAs arrange their schedules, from daily activities down to the very minute (eg, 15 minutes spent doing signings before needing to go to A, B and C), they try to fit as many activities in as possible and their trips are planned down to the minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from that, the paperwork involved in getting an F1 driver around the world is insane, the coordination and scheduling is a huge task and one of the most important jobs these &amp;quot;minders&amp;quot; have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, to satisfy anti-doping laws the drivers must submit a schedule of where they'll be a year in advance so the WADA (world anti-doping agency) knows exactly where they are at any given time, this allows them to do random spot-checks with no warning. The penalty for them not finding you can be a ban/loss of super license. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/motorsport/8390177/Drug-testers-raid-Formula-One-drivers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of how stringent the WADA are at doing spot checks You can imagine just doing that one specific time tabling task would be a huge headache.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also they show one example of why is important record the interview:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They make their own recording of all the interviews, so that when some journalist misquotes a driver for a story, they can play their copy of the tape to prove what was actually said.&#xA;Happened just a few weeks ago, someone reported that Hamilton said he &amp;quot;blew away&amp;quot; Nico ... every other &amp;quot;journalist&amp;quot; lazily copied and pasted this story without checking ... Mercedes issued their recording with Hamilton saying he &amp;quot;pulled away&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12500" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T15:10:16.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-18T02:22:19.123" Score="6" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching golf today, the commentators were emphasizing that finishing with a good 18th hole was critical towards the next day's play.  Got me wondering if there's any statistical evidence of that?  Whether it's a basketball player finishing with good points, a golfer finishing with birdie(s), a batter finishing with a hit (or pitcher with a strikeout), whatever... is there any data to show what happens?    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could also imagine a player coming off a previous roll to end a round/game/match... coming back and having a letdown snowball because an early stumble feels worse given the heavier euphoria coming into the day.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems like a lot of these sports clichéd beliefs end up being hard to quantify or blatantly disproven, but wonder if this one is any different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T03:43:23.783" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T03:43:23.783" Title="Are there statistics on whether finishing with a positive result has subsequent effect?" Tags="|statistics|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16349" CreationDate="2017-06-18T16:43:55.713" Score="0" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean Boundaries look little high, I watched so many matches played in&#xA;England, I notice this thing very easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am thinking It can found in &lt;strong&gt;Lords Cricket stadium.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason for it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13549" LastEditorUserId="13549" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T16:54:50.533" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T17:17:26.820" Title="Why England cricket stadium have slope boundaries?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16348" CreationDate="2017-06-18T17:17:26.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lord's slope is a historical anomaly - it's been there since the ground moved to its current location in 1814. Nobody would build a cricket ground with that kind of slope these days, and if they did, nobody would let Test cricket be played there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Lord's is Lord's. It's &quot;the home of cricket&quot; and it's impossible to change now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T17:17:26.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-19T10:33:27.870" Score="2" ViewCount="2517" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, I have often seen that incoming batsmen come in and mark the off-stump line with assistance from the non-striker. This is done by holding the bat in line with the stump till aligned, then scratching a line in the pitch with their shoes. It makes sense when done by openers, but I have often seen batsmen coming in at number 7 or 8 and performing this ritual before facing the first ball on that end of the pitch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do incoming batsmen mark their line even if they come in lower down the order? Shouldn't the line marked by the previous batsmen be enough?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T10:54:28.060" Title="Why do incoming batsmen always mark the off-stump line?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16351" CreationDate="2017-06-19T10:54:28.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman isn't necessarily marking off-stump - they're marking their own individual preferred position. Some players will &quot;take guard&quot; on leg stump, others further across towards off stump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two other obvious issues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The stumps are reversed for left and right handers. If you're a left hander coming in after a right hander, you're going to want a different guard.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Different players may take guard at different distances &lt;em&gt;from&lt;/em&gt; the stumps so they'll need their mark in different places. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T10:54:28.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16342" CreationDate="2017-06-19T15:50:12.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is there any limit that a (football) team can spend in one transfer window?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International transfers are governed by FIFA according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/official-documents/law-regulations/index.html#doctransfersreg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players&lt;/a&gt;. And there's no mention of transfer amount cap in these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if a team wants to participate in the UEFA competitions, then yes, there is, and this limit is regulated by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=2064391.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations&lt;/a&gt;. It started in 2011 and in short, it requires the teams that have qualified for UEFA competitions to prove that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...they do not have overdue payables towards other clubs, their players&#xA;  and social/tax authorities throughout the season. The teams have to&#xA;  prove that they have paid their bills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that same-association transfers are governed by the association regulations (approved by FIFA) in accordance with FIFA regulations (See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20000/12991&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; for further info).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The sections below give some additional overview to UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Are clubs no longer allowed to have losses?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Clubs &lt;em&gt;can spend up to €5m more than they earn&lt;/em&gt; per assessment&#xA;  period (three years). However it can exceed this level to a certain&#xA;  limit, if it is entirely covered by a direct contribution/payment from&#xA;  the club owner(s) or a related party. The limits are &lt;em&gt;€45m&lt;/em&gt; for assessment periods 2013/14 and 2014/15; and &lt;em&gt;€30m&lt;/em&gt; for 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;What happens if clubs &quot;don't play fair financially&quot;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.org/disciplinary/club-financial-controlling-body/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA's Club Financial Control Body&lt;/a&gt; decides on measures and sanctions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;warning &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;reprimand &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;fine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;deduction of points &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;withholding of revenues from a UEFA competition&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;prohibition on registering new players in UEFA competitions &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;restriction on the number of players that a club may register for participation in UEFA competitions, including a financial limit on the&#xA;  overall aggregate cost of the employee benefits expenses of players&#xA;  registered on the A-list for the purposes of UEFA club competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;disqualification from competitions in progress and/or exclusion from future competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;withdrawal of a title or award&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;And the bonus question: &quot;Can a team buy Cristiano Ronaldo and Alvaro Morata in a single transfer window?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question has likely arisen around the rumors of Cristiano Ronaldo and Alvaro Morata's move to Manchester United. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Deloitte Football Money League 2017 Report&lt;/a&gt;, Manchester United had a whooping &lt;em&gt;€689m&lt;/em&gt; record revenue in the past year, which means given that the total transfer price for 2 aforementioned players doesn't exceed the revenue of an interested club (which doesn't in case of MU), any club that has a revenue proportional to MU can technically afford those transfers. But, of course, those were only the technical details, the guessing part whether or not this will happen is opinion based and these opinions are quantified on betting sites:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddschecker.com/football/football-specials/cristiano-ronaldo/club-after-summer-transfer-window&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo - Club After Summer Transfer Window - Odds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddschecker.com/football/football-specials/alvaro-morata/club-after-summer-transfer-window&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alvaro Morata - Club After Summer Transfer Window - Odds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-01T11:58:27.567" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T11:58:27.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-21T07:08:27.097" Score="5" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;Forgive me if this question is rather obtuse, but it's been eating away at me, and I figured this was the place to go for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last paragraph of the rule concerning sliding to bases on double play attempts reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If the umpire determines that the runner violated this Rule 6.01(j), the umpire shall declare both the runner and batter-runner out. Note, however, that if the runner has already been put out then the runner on whom the defense was attempting to make a play shall be declared out.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking the meaning as to the last sentence (the &quot;note, however&quot; part). Does it, in rare cases, make another runner out in place of the batter-runner? I just don't understand it. I'll elaborate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it concern, say, an offensive player sliding into third base who interferes with the fielder after being put out, with that fielder's subsequent throw going to second base to attempt to force out a runner going there? Is the player running toward second base out, instead of the batter-runner, since this was &quot;the runner on whom the defense was attempting to make a play&quot; on? Assume that the bases are loaded and the double play attempt is a put out at third followed by a throw to second, rather than your standard DP. Am I in the right ballpark, so to speak? This example isn't great, but it's nearly 2am here and it was the best I could do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the application of this rule mainly concerns cut and dry double play attempts at second, where the runner who was at first crashes into the shortstop or second baseman in order to break up the throw to first that would put out the batter-runner. But does that last sentence of the rule in some cases exempt the batter-runner from being automatically out, like in the case I presented above? Or is the batter-runner always out? Any help would be most welcome. Thanks guys. I'm thinking I'm right, but I could just as easily be misunderstanding the wording. I've only recently become interested in the rules and just want to understand them fully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-20T13:57:11.380" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T13:57:11.380" Title="Wording in MLB slide rule" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-21T18:19:01.243" Score="2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any pitcher in the majors ever thrown two or more consecutive immaculate innings? Where an immaculate inning is 3 consecutive strike outs on 9 pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T18:50:56.040" Title="Immaculate inning" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16356" CreationDate="2017-06-21T18:50:56.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I finally found my own answer. Baseball Reference has a section of general information called the bullpen. if that section they had a list of all recorded immaculate innings and there has never been two in a single game much less consecutive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T18:50:56.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16358" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-21T19:59:51.073" Score="6" ViewCount="4531" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL rules are contradictory in this circumstance, and do not specify what course of action is to be taken. I know this is a little contrived, but is not a long-shot to occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant rules, emphasis mine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.1 Penalty Shot –&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;A penalty shot is designed to restore a scoring&#xA;  opportunity&lt;/strong&gt; which was lost as a result of a foul being committed by the&#xA;  offending team, based on the parameters set out in these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.6&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Should two penalty shots be awarded to the same team at the&#xA;  same stoppage of play (two separate fouls), &lt;strong&gt;only one goal can be scored or awarded at a single stoppage of play. Should the first&#xA;  penalty shot result in a goal, the second shot would not be taken but&#xA;  the appropriate penalty would be assessed and served for the&#xA;  infraction committed&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.7 Timing -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If the foul upon which the penalty shot is based occurs&#xA;  during actual playing time, &lt;strong&gt;the penalty shot shall be awarded and&#xA;  taken immediately in the usual manner notwithstanding any delay&#xA;  occasioned by a slow whistle by the Referee to allow play to continue&#xA;  until the attacking side has lost possession of the puck to the&#xA;  defending side, which delay results in the expiry of the regular playing&#xA;  time in any period.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;78.5 (xi)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;During the delayed calling of a penalty, the offending team cannot&#xA;  score unless the non-offending team shoots the puck into their own&#xA;  net.&lt;/strong&gt; This shall mean that a deflection off an offending player or any&#xA;  physical action by an offending player that may cause the puck to&#xA;  enter the non-offending team’s goal, shall not be considered a legal&#xA;  goal. Play shall be stopped before the puck enters the net (whenever&#xA;  possible) and the signaled penalty assessed to the offending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;78.6&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Only one goal can be awarded at any stoppage of play&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2015-2016-Interactive-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2015-2016-Interactive-rulebook.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 24.1&lt;/strong&gt; details what a penalty shot is: it replaces a lost scoring opportunity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 24.7&lt;/strong&gt; tells us that the penalty shot officially occurs at the stoppage of play, &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; when the infraction occurred. This means that when the attacking side is able to maintain control of the puck after the infraction, and they pull their goalie, and manage to score on themselves (explicitly allowed as a goal for the offending team in &lt;strong&gt;rule 78.5 (xi)&lt;/strong&gt;), the penalty shot would occur at the exact same stoppage of play as the offending team's goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is a problem. We know that only one goal can be awarded at any stoppage of play, as detailed in both &lt;strong&gt;Rules 78.6 and 24.6&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what happens? Does &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) the offending team's goal count, and the penalty shot is not taken,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) the offending team's goal not count, and the penalty shot is awarded,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) the offending team's goal count based on the outcome of the penalty shot (i.e., if the penalty shot is good, the goal is disallowed, but if the penalty shot fails, the goal is allowed),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) the offending team's goal count, and instead of the penalty shot, a penalty is assessed and served by the offending team,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (e), both goals are awarded, despite the rules saying only one can be awarded at any stoppage of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenarios (a) and (e) seem very unlikely. Scenario (b) seems pretty likely, though there is nothing in the rules that should disallow the offending team's goal. Scenario (c) seems to be the outcome most supported by the rules, as the scoring opportunity the penalty shot restores occurred before the offending team's goal. Lastly, Scenario (d) seems supported by a very liberal interpretation of &lt;strong&gt;Rule 24.6&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help or more rules that could provide clarification or shed some more light is greatly appreciated. I've thought about this for a few years and I desperately want scenario (c) to be true, though I suspect it's (b) or (d).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2017-06-21T20:15:05.743" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T21:17:59.123" Title="What happens if an own-goal is scored during a delayed penalty shot (ice hockey)?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2017-06-21T20:01:59.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct. It is worded so that an illegal slide into third base would make the runner going to 3rd out, and the runner going to 2nd out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worded that way so that if the third baseman still tries to throw to first, the batter-runner would be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another situation would be bases loaded, ground ball to the pitcher. Pitcher throws to catcher, runner coming home commits illegal slide, catcher throws to first. This would mean the runner coming home and the batter are out, because the play was attempted to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't wait until this rule is used to complete a triple play. 5-4-3 triple play with an illegal takeout slide at 2nd. Runner to third is out by force, runner at 2nd and batter are out fro this rule!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T20:01:59.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16362" CreationDate="2017-06-21T20:45:26.490" Score="6" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a national football team ever declined to participate in the World Cup finals after qualifying?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there has been such a case, what were their reasons for not taking part?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13563" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T01:25:49.223" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T14:34:16.223" Title="Has a team ever refused to participate in the World Cup finals after qualification?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16358" CreationDate="2017-06-21T21:17:59.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;(e) is what would happen.  There's no reason this would be interpreted any differently than the rules regarding a power play; in particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;24.6 indicates that &lt;code&gt;only one goal can be scored or awarded at a single stoppage of play&lt;/code&gt;, but the own-goal was scored &lt;em&gt;prior&lt;/em&gt; to a stoppage of play (it was the &lt;em&gt;cause&lt;/em&gt; of the stoppage of play; the play had continued due to the delayed penalty shot until the puck is touched by the offending side &lt;em&gt;or a goal is scored&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;78.6 discusses video review, and disallows the second goal because play &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; have stopped after the first goal or disallowed goal, so it attempts to &quot;reset&quot; to the situation prior to the incorrect call on the part of the officials.  It has nothing to do with a delayed penalty or delayed penalty shot, unless a delayed penalty shot time also involves a goal that is missed by the officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know that (e) is what would happen for a regular power play, because it has happened before; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7v6_oXtwAYE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patrick Kane scored an own goal against Edmonton on January 12, 2014&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201401120CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(box score)&lt;/a&gt;.  The goal is credited to Boyd Gordon (SH) (EN), but of course that's because he was the last person to touch the puck prior to the delayed penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T21:17:59.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16360" CreationDate="2017-06-21T22:11:36.363" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were a lot of occasions when teams withdrew during qualification phase, but there are only 4 after qualification, and as one may guess those happened in the early years of the World Cup, when it still needed some advertisement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup#Qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1938 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschluss&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anschluss&lt;/a&gt;, i.e. annexation of &lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt; into Nazi Germany, Austria had to withdraw from the tournament despite qualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup#Withdrawals_after_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1950 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scotland&lt;/strong&gt; was granted a berth in the World Cup final phase as runners-up of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Home_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;British Home Championship&lt;/a&gt;, but their federation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0001/page02.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;secretary decided&lt;/a&gt; that Scotland would have had to win the Home Tournament if they were to take part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Turkey&lt;/strong&gt; also withdrew, citing financial problems and the cost of travelling to South America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;India&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the draw, the Indian football association AIFF decided against&#xA;going to the World Cup, citing travel costs (although FIFA had agreed&#xA;to bear a major part of the travel expenses), lack of practice&#xA;time, team selection issues and valuing the Olympics over the FIFA&#xA;World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although FIFA had imposed a rule banning barefoot play&#xA;following the 1948 Olympics where India had played barefoot,&#xA;the Indian captain at the time, Sailen Manna, claimed that this was&#xA;not part of the AIFF's decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T14:34:16.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16365" CreationDate="2017-06-21T22:39:08.447" Score="3" ViewCount="946" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have wondered for 20 years on what basis the great Clive Lloyd as match referee awarded the 1996 Cricket World Cup Semifinal to Sri Lanka 'by default' when crowd violence ended the game with India at around 130/8 chasing 250 odd runs: Duckworth-Lewis Method had not yet been adopted by ICC and in any case the rain rule was not supposed to be applied to matches stopped by any reason other than bad weather (I think) -- so I cannot assume that Sri Lanka was awarded the match due to any calculation that they were statistically 'ahead' and therefore more likely to win. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What was the specific regulation followed by the match referee in awarding the match to Sri Lanka 'by default?'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems the officially recorded result of the match (mode of Sri Lanka's victory) has been since changed -- what is the official result now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13564" LastActivityDate="2022-06-23T12:38:34.053" Title="Why did match referee award the 1996 Cricket World Cup Semifinal to Sri Lanka 'by default?''" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16363" CreationDate="2017-06-22T05:17:51.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules and regulations are never intended to cover every circumstance - that's why we have match officials to deal with exceptional circumstances like this. Particularly here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's incredibly clear the Sri Lankans were winning. The Indians needed just about 9 an over for 15 overs with two wickets remaining. That would be an amazing escape in today's game, let alone 20 years ago. For what it's worth, the Duckworth-Lewis par score is around 220, so the Indians were 100 runs short.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It was &lt;em&gt;Indian&lt;/em&gt; supporters who caused the match to be stopped. Giving any advantage at all to the Indians for the awful behaviour of their fans would be a horrible precedent for the future: &quot;oh we're losing, let's burn some stuff and we might get a replay&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T05:17:51.180" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-22T12:19:24.510" Score="2" ViewCount="1266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any bowler with a minimum of 5000 delivieries in international cricket who has never bowled a wide or no-ball in their entire career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13412" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-19T13:09:50.443" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T13:09:50.443" Title="Is there a bowler without a wide or no-ball in their international career?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16367" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-22T13:15:47.030" Score="1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible that during the annual draft a basketball player do not accept the proposal from the team?&#xA;I mean, e.g. if during draft 2017 there are more teams that would like to choose Markelle Fultz but he would like to play only for Suns is it possible that he refuse any team to be free when Suns has its choose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T13:15:47.030" Title="Can a basketball player refuse to be chosen in a particular team?" Tags="|rules|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-06-22T15:48:32.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8772" CreationDate="2017-06-22T21:00:39.143" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am correct, you have to join the team you get picked for, but can immediately declare a trade to a different team.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I'm going to set an example using the NFL when Eli Manning got picked by the San Diego Chargers and the New York Giants picked up Philip and they did a trade. People/teams usually already know who they are picking as in the Ball brother getting picked for the Los Angeles Lakers also known as teams that are interested. But most players are fine with being on anytime since there making that money and are in the NBA now with fame and everything. But if it ends up being that you can't trade I'm sure you can just quit or keep trying to trade teams since NBA team WILL NOT require you to stay playing for 1 team and it's a choice if you want to play for that certain team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13569" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-05-22T10:33:54.640" LastActivityDate="2021-05-22T10:33:54.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16369" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-23T11:16:41.623" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any statistics for how frequently a specific penalty occurs in Ice Hockey? (any League?) I am specifically interested in high sticks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13571" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T19:51:55.007" Title="How frequent is high sticking in Ice Hockey?" Tags="|officiating|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16369" CreationDate="2017-06-23T19:51:55.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nhl/statistics/team/_/stat/minor-penalties/sort/minorPenalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this stats page&lt;/a&gt;, it looks like high sticking accounts for ~10% of all minor penalties. From the same site, on average there are about 3 penalties per game per team, so you end up with 6 minors per game, so in 60% of games there is a high sticking minor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T19:51:55.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16371" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-23T23:02:49.327" Score="0" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a played goes undrafted, are there any restrictions on where he can sign?  Can any team sign him without penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example scenario:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lonzo Ball wants to sign with the Golden State Warriors&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But Golden State doesn't have any picks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the draft Ball makes clear that he will not sign with other teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The General Managers each decide that they don't need the trouble, and nobody selects him&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the Draft, can Golden State sign him?  Are there any restrictions/penalties to prevent players or teams from doing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13573" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-06-25T02:11:38.497" LastActivityDate="2017-06-25T02:11:38.497" Title="NBA Draft - Are there any restrictions on signing an undrafted player?" Tags="|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16374" CreationDate="2017-06-24T01:50:11.563" Score="1" ViewCount="449" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the NHL draft and teams are 'on the clock'... They only have a few minutes to announce their pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what would happen if a team, by inadvertance, let that timer run out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T15:51:57.503" Title="What would happen if a team would let the draft timer run out?" Tags="|ice-hockey|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16371" CreationDate="2017-06-24T07:10:50.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theory, a truly undrafted player can sign with anyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, your scenario is never going to happen - even if a player states that they'd only play for one team, it's still advantageous for another team to draft them (at which point they have exclusive rights to the player) and then trade them. If an acknowledged good player like Lonzo Ball went through the entire draft without being drafted, there's clearly some collusion going on, and the commissioner is going to get involved &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-06-24T10:23:14.213" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T10:23:14.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16372" CreationDate="2017-06-24T15:51:57.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team fails to get their pick in before the clock expires, the next team in the draft order is allowed to pick instead. Once that next pick is made, the original team can then use their &quot;missed&quot; pick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't happen very often, but it does happen. The most common scenario for a &quot;missed pick&quot; is if the team on the clock is planning to trade picks with another team but the negotiations break down at the last minute, leaving them scrambling to make a move. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13319" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T15:51:57.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-25T10:42:03.953" Score="-1" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball - Where can i find the names of  all pitchers in game? (not only starting pitchers) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;next games or games already played&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13583" LastActivityDate="2017-06-25T13:35:40.280" Title="Baseball - Where can i find the names of all pitchers in game? (not only starting pitchers)" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-06-26T03:46:47.520" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16377" CreationDate="2017-06-25T13:35:40.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB or ESPN websites have a website devoted to each team in MLB. Each teams page has a roster section which lists the teams 25 man roster broken down by position.  The iPhone and other smart phones app &quot;At Bat&quot; has this information too on each teams web page.  Bill James' web site has a list of all pitchers but in a ranked order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2017-06-25T13:35:40.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16380" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16382" CreationDate="2017-06-25T23:42:12.117" Score="3" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball is in play. A substitute, off the field of play in their technical area, either engages in dissent, or uses offensive, insulting and/or abusive language against the referee. The referee stops play, and either cautions or sends off the substitute (depending on which of the above offences was committed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is play restarted and where does the restart take place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T01:31:38.793" Title="Restart after verbal offence against referee by substitute off the field while the ball is in play" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16381" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-26T01:31:57.740" Score="1" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many pitchers have won back-to-back Cy Young awards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T03:16:06.670" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T14:29:50.437" Title="Pitchers winning consecutive Cy Young awards" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16380" CreationDate="2017-06-26T05:49:57.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Correction (the previous answer was incorrect, stating dropped ball was the correct restart)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question was posed to IFAB in an email dated Thursday, 27th July 2017. As I did not ask permission to post the email thread in full, only an excerpt containing the pertinent information is provided:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the scenario you mention the correct restart is an IDFK &lt;em&gt;(indirect free kick - editor's note)&lt;/em&gt; on the boundary line nearest to where the verbal offence occurred - see LotG 2017/18, page 105&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IFAB has indicated that it will publish Law queries on their website in the near future. If this question and answer appears on their website, I will update this answer to refer there instead so it can be validated by other users.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T01:31:38.793" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T01:31:38.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18279" CreationDate="2017-06-26T11:56:39.540" Score="8" ViewCount="1934" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know of two cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Azerbaijan_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, on June 25, it appears that Sebastien Vettel deliberately drove into Lewis Hamilton while they were behind the safety car. Vettel was subsequently given a 10 second stop-go penalty for &amp;quot;dangerous driving&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_European_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 European Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, Michael Schumacher was penalised after colliding with Jacques Villeneuve. His punishment was to have his results expunged from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Formula_One_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the record books for that season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a 10 second stop-go seems very lenient, are there any other examples of penalties for this type of thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-07-04T04:06:53.937" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:48:07.877" Title="When has a driver been penalised for deliberately driving into another?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16381" CreationDate="2017-06-26T14:29:50.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Young_Award#Multiple_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; there have been 18 multiple Cy Young award winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9 of them won in consecutive years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roger Clemens (1986-1987, 1997-1998)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Randy Johnson (1999-2002)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Greg Maddux (1992-1995)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sandy Koufax (1965-1966)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pedro Martinez (1999-2000)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Palmer (1975-1976)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clayton Kershaw (2013-2014)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tim Lincecum (2008-2009)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Denny McLain (1968-1969)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13588" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T14:29:50.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5293" CreationDate="2017-06-26T14:46:47.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.4&lt;/a&gt; call of over states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When 6 valid balls have been bowled and when the ball becomes dead, the umpire shall call Over before leaving the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.3&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Neither the call of Over, nor the call of Time is to be made until the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As umpire already signaled over that means ball is dead and he can't be run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T14:46:47.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16388" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16390" CreationDate="2017-06-26T16:55:21.860" Score="2" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched for Law to deal with the situation where the bowler deliberately pauses or delays while bowling but found nothing. Is there a law that I did not found, if there isn't then what does umpire do in this situation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking for situation when bowler may use this tactic to distract the batsman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T19:41:48.967" Title="What happens when bowler deliberately delays while bowling?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-26T17:24:04.223" Score="2" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the organ that is used to play baseball tunes live in the stadium called? Is there a common brand or model that they prefer for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13585" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T20:23:16.343" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T20:23:16.343" Title="Do they use a specific organ to play baseball tunes live in the stadium?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|fans|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16388" CreationDate="2017-06-26T19:41:48.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 42.9 (Fair and unfair play, Time wasting by the fielding side)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If either umpire considers that the progress of an over is unnecessarily slow, or time is being wasted in any other way by the captain of the fielding side or by any other fielder, at the first instance the umpire concerned shall [ ... ] warn the captain of the fielding side, indicating that this is a first and final warning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ ... ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If either umpire considers that there is any further waste of time in that innings by any fielder, he shall [ ... ] direct the captain of the fielding side to suspend the bowler forthwith. The bowler thus suspended shall not be allowed to bowl again in that innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incident would also be reported to the Governing Body responsible for the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T19:41:48.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16391" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16392" CreationDate="2017-06-27T13:12:14.570" Score="3" ViewCount="4843" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know if a fielder is absent for a period of more than 15 minutes, the current Law restricts when he may come on to bowl when he returns to the field of play. But does the Law mention anything about &lt;strong&gt;waiting time before batting if fielder has missed the whole of his side’s fielding session&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no Law for this situation, how do they deal with it?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T13:30:49.313" Title="How long does a fielder have to wait before he can bat if he has missed the whole of his side’s fielding session?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16391" CreationDate="2017-06-27T13:30:49.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; about this, therefore there is no restriction in general: the player may bat as soon as their team's innings commences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/01/09/d3d9fe18-eea4-402b-87fc-b92a20b5e396/Standard-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-2016-17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standard ICC Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; contain the following clause (2.2.2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player [who has been off the field] shall not be permitted to bat in the match until his team’s batting innings has been in progress for the length of playing time that is equal to the unexpired penalty time carried forward from the previous innings, subject to a maximum cumulative penalty time of 120 minutes. However, once his side has lost five wickets in its batting innings, he may bat immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. a player who was off the field for the whole innings can only bat once one of the following happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batting team's innings has lasted as long as the previous innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two hours have elapsed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fifth wicket has fallen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/01/09/879a8d2a-c639-40bb-b416-6854c153f018/Standard-One-Day-International-Match-Playing-Conditions-2016-17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ODI&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/01/09/ce87a7ca-4aa7-44ad-8f5d-51bb20a52931/Standard-Twenty20-International-Match-Playing-Conditions-2016-17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Twenty20 International&lt;/a&gt; Playing Conditions contain the same clause, except that there is a maximum penalty of 40 minutes in T20 internationals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T13:30:49.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15152" CreationDate="2017-06-28T00:07:34.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Golden State Warriors' latest championship triumph, add the father-son combo of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_McAdoo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bob McAdoo&lt;/a&gt; (L.A. Lakers) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michael_McAdoo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Michael McAdoo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13594" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T04:23:58.550" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T04:23:58.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16395" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-28T09:50:41.807" Score="4" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literature recommends different best practices. Some may say the best injury prevention methods are wearing tapes or braces. Other professionals are keep saying that the best way to prevent injuries is rehab.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the scientific consensus? Do professional players wear ankle braces anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10154" LastEditorUserId="10049" LastEditDate="2017-06-28T20:31:07.640" LastActivityDate="2017-07-01T12:00:23.803" Title="What is the scientific consensus of wearing ankle tapes and braces to prevent injuries in team sports?" Tags="|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16380" CreationDate="2017-06-28T19:55:53.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot comment. So a different and possibly correct answer although my first instinct was a dropped ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But reading the third main bullet in Law 12 of @studro 's self answer this appears to be a direct free kick. Ball is in play, the offence is made by one of the persons listed, outside the field of play. Law 12 states a direct free kick. The language is definitely not precise but whether the official is inside the lines or outside should not really matter in this case. In my opinion the rule refers to the position of the offending player / team official and thus implies a direct free kick. If it had happened yesterday I would have resumed with a dropped ball. Now I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T19:55:53.847" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16397" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16932" CreationDate="2017-06-28T19:57:30.163" Score="5" ViewCount="769" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last year the IOC decided to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-approves-five-new-sports-for-olympic-games-tokyo-2020&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;include sport climbing in the 2020 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;. Sport climbing covers three distinct disciplines: lead, boulder and speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2020 event will be a combination of those three disciplines. Is there a standard way to combine the performances in those three disciplines? In each of them performances are measured in entirely different ways: highest hold reached, number of problems climbed and time. How will those three be combined to a meaningful result?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11982" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T13:26:28.043" Title="How are different sport climbing disciplines combined?" Tags="|olympics|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-28T20:56:41.223" Score="3" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 27th June 2017, &lt;a href=&quot;http://calgaryherald.com/sports/hockey/nhl/calgary-flames/flames-land-hobey-baker-finalist-spencer-foo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spencer Foo signed with the Calgary Flames as a &quot;college free agent&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. My naive understanding of the NHL was that entry-level players came in via two routes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Either they are drafted, giving them no choice as to which team to play for.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or they're not drafted, and can sign with whichever team they can persuade to pay them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems unlikely to me that Foo would not have been drafted as he was a finalist for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobey_Baker_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hobey Baker Award&lt;/a&gt;. How does a good player get to be a &quot;college free agent&quot; and apparently choose which team to play for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Feel free to use Foo for specifics in the answer, but interested in the general case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T05:45:05.577" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T05:45:05.577" Title="What is a &quot;college free agent&quot; in the NHL?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16398" CreationDate="2017-06-28T21:09:35.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is that an ordinary free agent can sign whenever.  An undrafted player who is in a college program can be signed if he is 20, and only after the final game of his college team's season.... and only after being undrafted two times.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the NHL can't bust a top contending college team apart by grabbing their star players in the middle of the championship playoffs, making the entire playoff tournament a farce in the process. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/best-college-nhl-free-agents/c-287429252&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL.com - Top college free agents who could sign with NHL teams&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, why does a player good enough to be a Hobey Baker finalist manage to be undrafted?  We're talking about late teens to early 20s.  That's a period of rapid physical, mental  and emotional development/maturing for any young adult.  He might not be the same type of player he was coming out of high school.  It's the same reason why you might see a player who was not offered a football or basketball scholarship, then not drafted by a pro team go on to have successful careers.  Sometimes their potential doesn't really get unlocked until they are in the right situation, and sometimes teams just miss when they evaluate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, since the very top talent usually go straight to top-tier minor league programs, being a very good college player does not translate into hockey success like being a top player in college football or basketball. Even looking at the list of Hobey Baker winners, let alone finalists, you don't see a lot of superstars.  Spencer Foo doesn't seem to be, especially, considered to be a shoo-in for greatness, at this point, because of his fine college career.  I'm not sure that this is really all that remarkable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2017-06-28T21:33:22.093" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T21:33:22.093" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3810" CreationDate="2017-06-30T19:12:43.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That does seem to be a medical condition. &#xA;Personally, from doing long-distance races (running/triathlon), some for 7+ hrs there is usually not much issue for less than 4 hrs. On a 7hr race, I will stop for 1 bathroom break, but do know some (especially more competitive folk) that will urinate on the go to save time. The Videos are also edited to hide these things, there was a pro cyclist that was captured dropping back from the pack and urinating from his bicycle this year without it being edited out but it is likely because it was being streamed live. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, I take in a bit less liquid than I sweat out and drink a whole bunch immediately after the races. So when you are active, all the liquid you are taking in does not only end up as urine but also sweat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First thing, I would get it checked out. If there is nothing wrong, then consider taking a bathroom break or urinating on the go if you really have to. If you do choose to go that way, remember to pick up extra water at the water stations and rinse it off...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13601" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T19:12:43.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16404" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-01T08:36:25.140" Score="3" ViewCount="1128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that Arsenal have scored 100 times (highest) in second half injury time in &lt;em&gt;Premier League&lt;/em&gt; history. But I'm interested to know which are the other teams that have scored most injury-time goals in history of &lt;em&gt;La Liga&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Serie A&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried google but couldn't come up with any article regarding this. The only thing I have found so far is, in Bundesliga there have been 617 injury time goals so far, but I couldn't find team distribution of goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/blog/tactics-and-analysis/67/post/3170967/why-premier-league-has-more-stoppage-time-goals-than-other-top-leagues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2016-17 season, over 50 injury time&lt;/a&gt; goals were scored in all these leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-10T16:40:25.867" LastActivityDate="2017-08-10T16:40:25.867" Title="Which team have scored most injury-time(after 90 minute mark) goals in history of La Liga, Serie A and Bundesliga?" Tags="|football|trivia|la-liga|serie-a|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-07-01T09:03:32.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a long search finally found it. &lt;a href=&quot;http://statsbomb.com/2017/02/additional-time-spains-missing-minutes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statsbomb Article&lt;/a&gt; clearly explain the extra time minute percentage in European 5 top leagues.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two picture obtained from &lt;strong&gt;Statsbomb website&lt;/strong&gt; clearly shows the percentage of time added. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am not a original author of these two picture and are obtained from &lt;em&gt;statsbomb.com&lt;/em&gt; and apparently were made with the data from &lt;strong&gt;Opta&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Percentage time added in first half:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1kcQh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1kcQh.png&quot; alt=&quot;First Half Data&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Percentage time added in second half:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i1QHj.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i1QHj.png&quot; alt=&quot;Second Half Data&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-08T07:05:49.673" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T07:05:49.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5196" CreationDate="2017-07-01T10:43:04.203" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From abstract of &lt;strong&gt;Performance measures for Wicket Keepers in Cricket&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;em&gt;Hermanus H. LEMMER&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A wicket keeper should not only perform well behind the wickets in terms of taking catches, executing stumpings and limiting the number of byes, but should also perform well as a batsman. The purpose of this study is to combine the dismissal rate (based on the number of catches and stumpings) and a measure of batting performance into measuring wicket-keeping performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the one that I find interesting to measure the performance of wicket keeper is in thesis by &lt;em&gt;Danielle Catherine MacDonald&lt;/em&gt; named &lt;strong&gt;Performance analysis of fielding and wicket-keeping.....&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A data of wicket-keeper for following activity like: crouch, catch, missed take/reception, jump, dive, take, reception from field, sprint, underarm throw, run up to stumps, lateral steps and lateral shuffle could help in determining performance of wicket-keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the help of data for above mentioned activities, we can compare &lt;em&gt;performance&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;wicket keepers&lt;/em&gt;.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T07:04:30.133" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T07:04:30.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-01T11:40:24.610" Score="1" ViewCount="1089" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to relearn swimming and notice the importance of kicking from the hip as being the most effective for propulsion and energy consumption. I have tried to imagine am kicking from my hip and I am not. I record myself doing a flutter kick and can see the kick really isn't originating from the hip but the knee. I have tried to visualise that my knee and ankle are made of rubber but it hasn't helped. Unfortunately, am a big guy and heavy at the waist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any exercises that can specifically help me make my kicks begin at the hip ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13604" LastActivityDate="2017-07-01T16:49:42.333" Title="How do I kick from my hip ?" Tags="|training|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-07-06T13:54:56.260" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16395" CreationDate="2017-07-01T12:00:23.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the article &lt;a href=&quot;https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1758-2555-1-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports&lt;/a&gt; the main citation were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Garrick JG, Requa RK&lt;/strong&gt;: (Role of external support in the prevention of ankle sprains) were the first research group to attempt to prevent ankle sprain injury. They reported that high-top shoe and prophylactic ankle taping were effective in reducing the ankle sprain injury rate among a group of 2,562 basketball players during a one year study period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rovere GD, Clarke TJ, Yates CS, Burley K&lt;/strong&gt;: (Retrospective comparison of taping and ankle stabilizers in preventing ankle injuries) suggested a low-top shoe with a laced ankle stabilizer was effective in reducing ankle sprain injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boyce SH, Quigley MA, Campbell S&lt;/strong&gt;: (Management of ankle sprains: a randomised controlled trial of the treatment of inversion injuries using an elastic support bandage or an Aircast ankle brace) suggested effect for wearing Aircast ankle brace is Significant improvement in ankle joint function at both 10 days and one month compared with standard management with an elastic support bandage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3213051/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Effect of Lace-up Ankle Braces on Injury Rates in High School Basketball Players&lt;/a&gt; conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Use of lace-up ankle braces reduced the incidence but not the severity of acute ankle injuries in male and female high school basketball athletes both with and without a previous history of an ankle injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86495-overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ankle Taping and Bracing&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ankle bracing and taping are used for the prevention of ankle injuries, especially in athletes with a past history of ankle sprains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and it's outcome were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a study by &lt;strong&gt;Robbins and Waked&lt;/strong&gt;, which found that taped participants had improved proprioception both before and after exercise compared with untaped control subjects. The authors theorized that the traction or pressure imparted to the skin of the foot and ankle via taping or bracing provided improved sensory input and thus improved proprioception, resulting in fewer ankle sprains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Systematic review and meta-analysis of eight studies by &lt;strong&gt;Raymond et al&lt;/strong&gt; found that the evidence suggested that using an ankle brace or ankle tape had no effect on proprioceptive acuity in participants who had recurrent ankle sprain or functional ankle instability. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I am not sure about: &lt;strong&gt;Other professionals are keep saying that the best way to prevent injuries is rehab.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because from this article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pthealth.ca/service/sports-injury-rehabilitation/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sports Injury Rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sports Injury Rehabilitation is a multi-disciplinary approach to the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of injuries. The first step towards recovery is getting an accurate diagnosis from a certified sports-injury specialist. Typically, the initial stage of treatment involves reducing pain and promoting healing. Once pain and swelling are reduced, progressive reconditioning treatment will begin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: All these blockquote are copied from respected article and I am not a owner for those content. I have tried to add name of respective owner of content if I missed any that is clearly my fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summarizing&lt;/strong&gt; from all these articles with many researches in sports and medicine, we can conclude wearing ankle tapes and braces helps in preventing injuries in team sports to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-01T12:00:23.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14462" CreationDate="2017-07-01T13:01:21.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is two wagon wheel from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/249223.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt; showing overthrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I did was to look for overthrow causing 7 runs in an ashes 06/07 Adelaide test Australia 2nd inning by Michael Clarke &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqswGyXGzlg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to Youtube Video&lt;/a&gt; and search the same match in cricinfo for wagon wheel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Michael Clarke wagon wheel:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZtU0M.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZtU0M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Overthrow in wagon wheel&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The white line in wagon wheel is overthrow 7 runs because Clarke has scored only 10 runs against Flintoff. Among which 1sx1 and 2sx1 and no 4s or 6s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andrew Flintoff wagon wheel:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Qq4r.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Qq4r.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;flintoff wagon wheel&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which clearly shows 7 runs in wagon wheel as no fours or six have been scored against him by &lt;strong&gt;Clarke&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-08T07:03:28.160" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T07:03:28.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16473" CreationDate="2017-07-01T13:32:31.410" Score="1" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does umpire do in this situation, especially when wicket keeper is further back for fast bowler and runner for an injured striker is further forward then injured striker before playing the ball. Because it gives clear advantage to the runner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is currently no restriction in the Laws on the movement of a runner for an injured striker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what happens in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-08T07:09:20.963" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T11:37:02.910" Title="Is there any restriction on the movement of a runner for an injured striker before he plays the ball?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16407" CreationDate="2017-07-01T16:49:42.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not a swimmer but after searching on many website vertical flutter kicking is the best technique for improving kick and make kicks begin at the hip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.triathlete.com/2014/04/training/saras-slam-are-kicking-sets-that-important_51206&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;triathlete&lt;/a&gt; has a conversation that mention these two drills for focusing on strengthening your core, glute and hip extensors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Extend Leg Drill&#xA;  Swim with one leg extended out of water, then switch to the opposite leg after a 25.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vertical Kicking With Weight&#xA;  Try vertical kicking sets holding a 1–5-pound object out of the water (10 rounds, 45 seconds kicking, 15 seconds off). “During this set, the legs are forced to kick with equal force and direction, while the core and shoulders contract in unison,”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/swim-hips-2730.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;azcentral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Competitive swimmers typically utilize the two-beat cycle, kicking two times for each arm cycle -- essentially one kick per arm stroke. Another option is the six-beat cycle, in which you kick six times for each arm cycle. This is also called the flutter kick. Because it's so fast, it can be tougher to incorporate the hips with the six-beat cycle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and many websites articles mention vertical kicking as the best way to improve hip kicking. Links to other website articles &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uwhealth.org/news/five-common-freestyle-errors-and-how-to-fix-them/48086&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UWhealth&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usms.org/articles/articledisplay.php?aid=2996&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US MASTERS SWIMMING&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://swymnutmasters.com/training-tips/stroke-tips/get-hip-with-your-hips-in-freestyle/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swymnut Masters&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.seahiker.com/how-to-kick-like-a-swimmer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SEAHIKER&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.enjoy-swimming.com/flutter-kick.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Enjoy Swimming&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At last&lt;/strong&gt; Article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.swimsmooth.com/kick.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SwimSmooth&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A good way to think about kicking from your hips is to squeeze your bum when you kick. It's a bit crude, but imagine you have a large coin between your butt cheeks and you're trying to hold it there whilst you swim. Keep your knees relaxed and drive the kick from the hips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: All the quotes are copied from the respective website and i'm not original author. If I have failed to mention any copyrighted material that is clearly my mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-01T16:49:42.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14869" CreationDate="2017-07-01T17:06:51.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Article from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/cricket-video-england-batsman-moeen-ali-rides-his-luck-to-survive-three-reviews-in-an-over/news-story/144dae58192570be76679d1d2c76eab3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FOX SPORTS&lt;/a&gt; mention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These three successful reviews happened in the space of six deliveries, from the same bowler to the same batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s been reported no player has successfully appealed as many “out” decisions in a Test innings previously, let alone in the space of an over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ali would survive a further two DRS appeals throughout his innings, both reviewed by Bangladesh after the batsman had been given not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is clear that 5 reviews against &lt;strong&gt;Moeen Ali&lt;/strong&gt; is the highest against a player in an innings during a test match until now. So &lt;strong&gt;no player has survived more player reviews&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from same article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when Stuart Broad successfully appealed the umpire’s decision against him at the start of day two, it set a new record (nine) for most reviews used in a Test innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T16:16:30.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16366" CreationDate="2017-07-01T17:40:57.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you search for this question the answer you will likely to get is Michael Holding bowling 5473 (900 overs) without a single wide and no-ball, and also Joel Garner who bowled 5330 deliveries without a wide (or a no-ball) in ODI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/1104719.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Cricinfo article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Derek Underwood (21,862 balls in 86 Tests) and Garry Sobers (21,599 in 93) never bowled a wide or a no-ball. (It's just possible that some of these players delivered no-balls which were scored from, which would not have counted against them at the time so might have escaped notice; the practice of debiting no-balls and wides against the bowlers' analyses started in the early 1980s.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But one week later another &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/1104979.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; from cricinfo clarifies that Michael Holding and Joel Garner do have bowled a no-ball and wide ball. But also states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Charles Davis, the Melbourne statistician, believes the leader in Test matches is probably the Australian legspinner Clarrie Grimmett (14,513 deliveries in 37 Tests), who never bowled a no-ball or a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So neglecting Michael Holding and Joel Garner other three may have bowled without no-ball and wide. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T07:00:41.587" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T07:00:41.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16416" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-01T19:49:00.287" Score="1" ViewCount="4344" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter hit a foul ball that hit his own player?  Is the runner out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13605" LastActivityDate="2022-05-27T01:01:28.180" Title="Third base runner gets hit by a foul ball, is he out?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16416" CreationDate="2017-07-02T00:34:23.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to assume you're asking about &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_rules.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main rule covering this is 5.09 (b)(7) and the definition of FOUL BALL is also relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.09 (b) Any runner is out when ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) He is touched by a fair ball in fair territory before the ball&#xA;  has touched or passed an infielder. The ball is dead and&#xA;  no runner may score, nor runners advance, except runners&#xA;  forced to advance. EXCEPTION: If a runner is touching&#xA;  his base when touched by an Infield Fly, he is not out,&#xA;  although the batter is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that settles on foul territory&#xA;  between home and first base, or between home and third base, or that&#xA;  bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that first falls&#xA;  on foul territory beyond first or third base, or that, while on or over foul&#xA;  territory, touches the person of an umpire or player, or any object foreign&#xA;  to the natural ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fielder would never be expected to be between third base and the batter, so the situation depends only on where the runner is standing.  If the runner is in fair territory, it would be an out.  If the runner is not in fair territory, then it is just a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, all runners on third would be expected to make sure they stay outside fair territory when taking a lead.  That way they are not at risk of being out on a drive that they fail to avoid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T00:34:23.047" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16416" CreationDate="2017-07-02T04:52:45.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a great question.  Runners moving in foul territory are allowed right of way over the ball as long as they are in the their running lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their running lane is where they are standing to a straight line to the next base.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your average MLB player might lead off a good 5-8 feet off 3rd base line.  They are allowed a path (the rule of thumb is about 3 feet each side of their current stance) to home plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is hit directly at runner and he doesn't move.  That is just a foul ball.  Runner doesn't have to make a concerted effort to even move out of the way unless a fielder is trying to make a play.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is hit (let's say highish or bloopish towards the runner).  Runner sees 3rd baseman coming to make a play and stands there.  He is out but for fielder interference. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is hit right inside the line but runner is 8 feet outside line.  He dives in front of the ball and is hit by it.  The runner is again probably ruled out for fielder's interference, not being hit by ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is hit 15 feet outside the line and runner is hit because he thinks it would be fun to get hit by ball.  Well here we meet the definition of runner interference.  However this is a hard call for an umpire to make if there was no opportunity of an out.   I haven umpired and watched baseball for 30 years and have never seen anything close to this.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T04:52:45.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16419" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:12:55.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the Spanish Primera División (more popularly known as La Liga), its history, statistics, regulations or generally about the events taking place in and around La Liga. This tag can also be used for lower tier Spanish leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15861/is-an-own-goal-scored-with-hand-a-valid-goal&quot;&gt;Is an own goal scored with hand a valid goal?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13101/was-messis-penalty-kick-against-celta-de-vigo-in-la-liga-2016-considered-a-miss&quot;&gt;Was Messi's Penalty Kick against Celta de Vigo in La Liga 2016 considered a miss?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T17:52:14.797" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T17:52:14.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16420" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:12:55.037" Score="0" Body="Questions about La Liga, the top division of Spanish football league system. Should be used with questions about events taking place in and around La Liga, as well as with questions concerning the records and the regulations of the tournament." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-18T05:32:04.340" LastActivityDate="2017-08-18T05:32:04.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16421" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:17:40.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;German Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;, its history, statistics, regulations or generally about the events taking place in and around the Bundesliga. This tag can also be used for lower tier German leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition or just because an incident from the Bundesliga is mentioned in the body of the question, e.g:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17467/most-final-appearances-without-winning-a-title-in-one-season&quot;&gt;Most final appearances without winning a title in one season&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag is meant only for German top association football league. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag for Austrian Bundesliga (football) or Tennis-Bundesliga or any other competition just because it has Bundesliga in its name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-14T09:00:59.900" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T09:00:59.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16422" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:17:40.733" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Bundesliga, the highest level of football in Germany. Don't use this tag for Austrian Bundesliga (football) or Tennis-Bundesliga or any other competition just because it has Bundesliga in its name." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:16:11.680" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:16:11.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16423" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:21:50.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the Italian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Serie A&lt;/a&gt;, its history, statistics, regulations or generally about the events taking place in and around the Serie A. This tag can also be used for lower tier Italian leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition or just because an incident from the Serie A is mentioned in the body of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag is meant only for Italian top association football league. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag for Brazilian Serie A football or Italian Serie A competitions in other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; aria-label=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot; aria-labelledby=&quot;tag-football-tooltip-container&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-07-06T07:25:05.443" LastActivityDate="2023-07-06T07:25:05.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16424" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-07-02T11:21:50.680" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Serie A - the top level of the Italian association football league system. This tag is meant for Italian football. Don't use it for Brazilian Serie A football or Italian Serie A competitions in other sports." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:24:11.930" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:24:11.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11914" CreationDate="2017-07-02T13:20:56.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Update: DRS has specific rules when to go with 'Umpire's Call' but for non-DRS referral the on-field umpires are nowadays giving a 'soft signal' while referring the decision to the third umpire: their own opinion whether out or not out (with the possible exemption of line decisions like run out, no-ball, stumped, and boundary line decisions) -- if the third umpire is unable to conclusively overturn the soft signal, then the soft signal becomes the final decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricketdictionary.org/index.php/2016/08/11/definition-of-the-day-soft-signal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.cricketdictionary.org/index.php/2016/08/11/definition-of-the-day-soft-signal/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/news/Soft-signal-helps-in-negating-over-reliance-on-technology-Simon-Taufel/articleshow/55056709.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://m.timesofindia.com/sports/cricket/news/Soft-signal-helps-in-negating-over-reliance-on-technology-Simon-Taufel/articleshow/55056709.cms&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13564" LastEditorUserId="13564" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T13:26:58.457" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T13:26:58.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16430" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-03T14:33:32.833" Score="2" ViewCount="404" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been zeroing in a lot on my ball handling for the past 6 months and have made a lot of progress from where I was. People actually respect my ballhandling, but I still have a lot of work to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-For one, my handles dont always translate to in game situations&#xA;- My body is slow and not explosive&#xA;-I still look kind of awkward when dribbling the ball even though I can dribble pretty well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind I'm a tight dribbler, but I'm also trying to work on my loose ball handling. Like think about Isaiah Thomas dribbling , which is tight, versus Jamal Crawford's dribbling, which is loose. I'm trying to develop both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But now I've kind of plateaued in my progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My workout usually consists of many stationary drills going as fast as I can, like pounds, crossovers of all sorts, and stuff like that going at full speed. I also use a weighted basketball doing this. Then I'll do wall taps by dribbling behind the back, between the legs, etc. But this is just a warmup. It lasts 20-30 mins.&#xA;The real stuff begins when I start going down the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I get low, and go through this sequence at full speed down and back the basketball court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One hand V- Between the legs &#xA;Between the legs forward&#xA;Between the legs backward&#xA;Figure 8 Dribble forward&#xA;Between the Legs from behind forward&#xA;Between the Legs from behind backward&#xA;Tight Behind the back up the court forward&#xA;Tight behind the Back up the court but moving backwards&#xA;Loose Behind the Back moving Forward (It's like I'm not as low but I'm trying to cover as much ground as possible with each behind the back dribble)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loose Behind the back moving backwards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind in these drills I'm always moving fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My dribbling looks really awkward sometimes though, I have long thighs relative to the rest of my body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need advice in how to take my handles further&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13612" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T10:50:41.653" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T15:31:10.943" Title="Ball Handling Development" Tags="|basketball|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16431" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16453" CreationDate="2017-07-03T17:18:17.427" Score="-1" ViewCount="942" Body="&lt;p&gt;What player or players has the most consecutive appearances in the All Star game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-07-04T20:51:40.053" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T05:52:45.340" Title="Which player has had the most consecutive appearances in MLB's All Star Game?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-04T23:25:13.477" Score="6" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Youth national team competitions seems to differ in their age rules. The youth version of the UEFA European Championship is for players less than 21 years old, while in similar competitions, like in South America and specially in the FIFA World Cup, the limit is 20?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9933" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T21:50:37.730" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T13:58:53.837" Title="Football: why the youth version of the UEFA European Championship is for U-21 players while FIFA World Cup is U-20?" Tags="|football|fifa|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16438" CreationDate="2017-07-05T12:10:56.717" Score="1" ViewCount="5346" Body="&lt;p&gt;A difference of one string, yet the 16x19 seems significantly more popular than the 16x18. Is there a significant difference between these rackets performance-wise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13620" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T15:20:18.117" LastActivityDate="2021-09-27T10:49:52.013" Title="Is there a significant difference between a 16x18 and a 16x19 tennis racket string pattern on performance?" Tags="|equipment|tennis|racket|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16436" CreationDate="2017-07-05T17:04:08.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rackets with more vertical and horizontal strings – e.g. 18 x 20 – are described as having a “dense or closed” pattern, while rackets with less vertical and horizontal strings – e.g. 16 x 18, 16 x 19 – are considered to have an “open” pattern. All these string patterns are most common. As per your question, 16 x 18 and 16 x 19 can be considered as open pattern one and has a difference of one string only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How open pattern affect on-court performance:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.10s101.com/Racquets.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Power: Fewer strings result in more power&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spin: Fewer strings create larger “squares,” grip the ball more, and result in more spin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel and Comfort: Open patterns absorb shock better and are more comfortable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;String Tension: Lower string tension will result in more power for all string patterns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://twu.tennis-warehouse.com/learning_center/stringpattern.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Warehouse University&lt;/a&gt; has done a research on &lt;strong&gt;Spin and String Pattern&lt;/strong&gt; few important parts summary related with this question are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the two rackets are of same pattern in our case open pattern, tension also plays part in producing spin. Following two figures obtained from the website shows the spin ratio for open pattern with high and low string tension.(For pattern 16 x 18)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RrTZB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Low tension&quot; /&gt;  &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mlEeA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;High tension&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pictures are obtained from the web and copyright belong to the author of the content and posted here for educational purpose only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summarizing&lt;/strong&gt;, open pattern generates more spin than the closed pattern but even for the same pattern spin produce will differ because of tension of strings. &lt;strong&gt;Considering both 16 x 18 and 16 x 19 have same tension there will be little variation on produce spin&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At last&lt;/strong&gt; there will not be significant difference between these two rackets performance wise considering both have same tension. It will ultimately depend on choice of a player, which one he feels comfortable with. But I couldn't find something suggesting 16 x 19 being popular than 16 x 18 pattern racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T06:58:49.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16439" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16440" CreationDate="2017-07-05T17:26:59.297" Score="0" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;The story goes that Wally Pip, the Yankees 1st baseman, was sick one day and had to sit out a game. The backup, Lou Gehrig played that day and never sat again. I have 2 questions.  What is the actual historical recap of why Gehrig replaced Wally Pip and what was Gehrig's performance that first day to convince the manager to keep playing him over Wally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="13514" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T12:51:46.843" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T09:16:07.013" Title="Lou Gehrig and Wally Pip" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16439" CreationDate="2017-07-05T21:31:20.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, he started on June 2, 1925 in place of the slumping Wally Pipp as part of a larger lineup shakeup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know that there is any record of &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; Miller Huggins stuck with Gehrig instead of putting Pipe back at 1B. It is worth noting, though, that Gehrig went 3-5 in the first game of the streak. The Yankees, who were 15-26 after losing on June 1, won 5 of their next 7 games, which was probably enough to convince Huggins that the shakeup was at least not hurting the team. During that stretch, Gehrig hit .286, while Pipp was only batting .244 up until that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the rest of June, the Yankees went 14-12, with Gehrig hitting .348. Given that Pipp was 32, Gehrig was only 22, and the Yankees were not that good in 1925 (their June success was not replicated in July or August, and they finished in next-to-last place with a record of 69-85), it seems clear that Gehrig played at least well enough to earn the starting job, even if not yet the Hall-of-Famer he would become.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T21:31:20.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16448" CreationDate="2017-07-05T21:58:25.210" Score="3" ViewCount="4669" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bases loaded with 2 outs, ground ball hit towards 3B/SS hole fielded by 3B. The third-basemen elects to try and tag the runner advancing from 2nd to 3rd, but the runner sees the decision and stops running (while staying inside the legal base path) forcing the 3B to continue chasing him to apply the tag. Meanwhile the runner at 3rd base was blazing home and crossed the plate decisively before the 3rd out was made by a tag.  Umpire calls the runner safe at home because the 3rd out was not made by a FORCE out but instead a TAG out....  We realize that this 3rd basemen had a mental lapse as a force play is much easier even he has to go to second with it instead of touching 3rd.... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came up with another scenario which I think might happen more commonly in MLB, hopefully making it easier to find a record of this being called by a MLB umpire....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bases loaded with one out, ground ball hit to SS, the short-stop fields clean and tosses it to the Second-basemen covering second who touches the base and throws on to first to complete the double play. The throw from the second-basemen is off the mark causing the first-basemen to come down the line toward home, he scoops it up and tags the runner for the 3rd out. However, the runner from third easily scored prior to the TAG being applied the batter/runner forced to first base.&#xA;EDIT - In this case the batter/runner did not reach first safely so the run does not count according to According to MLB rules: 4.09 HOW A TEAM SCORES.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning. EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I still can't find any specific wording in MLB rule book that states a &lt;strong&gt;tag applied to a forced runner still counts as a FORCE-OUT&lt;/strong&gt;.  Can anyone verify this claim?? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13625" LastEditorUserId="13625" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T18:31:08.377" LastActivityDate="2023-05-12T02:17:29.123" Title="Tag out of a forced runner to end the inning, does the run still score?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2017-07-05T22:57:34.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a list of rare single-game events in baseball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bunch of them have happened &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;only once&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; to date, making them as rare as something can get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Individual events&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 grand slams in an inning*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 grand slam from each side of the plate in the same game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;19 total bases in a game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 hits in a game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 times on base in a game without a swing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 runs scored in a game (this was under pre-1900 rules)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 strikeouts in a game (included extra innings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 home runs allowed in a game (also pre-1900)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 grand slams given up to the same batter in an inning*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;26 hits allowed in a game (9 innings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;29 hits allowed in a game (extra innings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 consecutive strikeouts in a game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Team events&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 inside-the-park grand slams by teammates&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 pinch-hit grand slams (by batters on different teams)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 home runs by one team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;home runs by same 2 consecutive batters twice in the same inning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 or more home runs by one team in an inning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 grand slams by one team in a game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* These were the same event: the two grand slams by a batter in an inning were given up by the same pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-08-14T05:00:30.103" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T05:00:30.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-06T11:39:10.807" Score="5" ViewCount="614" Body="&lt;p&gt;At tennis tournaments with hawkeye, a player is allowed 3 challenges to a call made as to whether a ball was in or not, and losing one challenge each time they are wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand limiting the ability for a player to make a challenge, but every call made is seen on the computer by the hawkeye technicians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning behind the ATP rules for not allowing hawkeye to interfere whenever a wrong call is made? And moreover, why not scrap linesmen and simply have hawkeye alert the umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13629" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:04:08.687" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:04:08.687" Title="Why is hawkeye not allowed to automatically correct a wrong call?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16451" CreationDate="2017-07-06T13:43:40.770" Score="2" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that a foot fault is when your foot touches the baseline before you make contact with the ball. However, what if your feet are planted, and your toss meets or exceeds the baseline, forcing you to lean over the baseline with your body?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13630" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T05:39:32.553" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T08:14:35.117" Title="Is there such a thing as a &quot;body fault&quot; when serving?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16444" CreationDate="2017-07-06T15:33:28.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At present the problem with not allowing Hawkeye to automatically correct a wrong call is the cost of installation. Many articles suggest the cost is $60,000-$100,000 per court. The price will go down as the technology improves but it is too high to be installed at every place as of now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing associated with cost is the likelihood of technical problems or electronics failures, and backups would add on that cost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other issues that make it unlikely that linesmen would be replaced altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Geoff Pollard said &amp;quot;We might have electronics failure,&amp;quot; (if that happened) where do you find 350 linesmen at short notice?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paul Hawkins of Hawkeye Innovations said he believed the ITF was looking only to use the machines for replays of disputed points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I think that's what they want,&amp;quot; he said. &amp;quot;I think with machines deciding every point it would become too sterile.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blockquote of Pollard and Hawkins was obtained from The Age article by Richard Hinds in source given below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of now only bigger tournaments are able to employed this technology even with backup but that doesn't justify scrapping a linesman altogether. But we can't neglect the idea that this won't happen in future, when price is justified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt; used for this answer: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theage.com.au/news/Tennis/Officials-look-to-Hawkeye/2005/01/25/1106415595219.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Age&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://uk.reuters.com/article/tech-israel-tennis-idUKL6N0U20TX20150108&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuters&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2011-03-09-bnp-paribas-open-hawkeye_N.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;USA Today&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/09/how-instant-replays-changed-professional-tennis/262060/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Atlantic&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/tennis/2015/11/11/history-of-hawk-eye-tennis-umpiring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sports Illustrated&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/science/sifting-the-evidence/2013/jul/08/hawk-eye-wimbledon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/mar/02nadal.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rediff&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-01T22:38:59.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16447" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-06T22:15:49.373" Score="0" ViewCount="15864" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know how many times a bunt resulted in a home run. The home runs can be out of the park (highly unlikely to have happened) or inside the park home runs cause by one or more errors. In addition, please provide the name of the hitter and the date of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this can't be searched for the entirety of MLB's history, go back as far as possible. I can edit the question to ask for a reasonable period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T06:39:05.923" LastActivityDate="2021-04-29T05:24:08.133" Title="How many bunt home runs has there been in the history of MLB?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|history|mlb|home-run|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16441" CreationDate="2017-07-06T22:28:13.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Page 143 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/4/0/224919040/2017_Official_Baseball_Rules_dbt69t59.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Official Baseball Rules&quot;&gt;Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; defines a force play as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...a play in which a runner legally loses his right to occupy a base by reason of the batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(6), on retiring a runner (page 43 at above link) says that a runner is retired if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He or the next base is tagged before he touches the next base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner. However, if a following runner is put out on a force play, the force is removed and the runner must be tagged to be put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &quot;He&quot; can be tagged, after he has been forced to advance, then I would say yes - a tagged forced runner is a force out. The language describes how a forced play happens, but does not differentiate between the methods of getting the forced runner out for it to be a force out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T22:28:13.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16452" CreationDate="2017-07-06T23:17:47.533" Score="7" ViewCount="18779" Body="&lt;p&gt;As FIA indicates in Article 39.12 (sporting regulations 2017), lapped cars may unlap themselves once cars were lined up behind the safety car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;39.12&lt;/strong&gt; If the clerk of the course considers it safe to do so, and the message&#xA;  &quot;LAPPED CARS MAY NOW OVERTAKE&quot; has been sent to all teams via the&#xA;  official messaging system, any cars that have been lapped by the&#xA;  leader will be required to pass the cars on the lead lap and the&#xA;  safety car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see any benefit to drivers' safety. It also causes unfair competition in some cases. For example, Valtteri Bottas gained a big advantage by this rule in 2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T02:46:44.090" LastActivityDate="2021-12-13T18:01:59.703" Title="Why are cars allowed to unlap themselves during safety car period?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16445" CreationDate="2017-07-07T02:06:42.707" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find anything about this in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/pdfs/Friend%20at%20Court.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF/USTA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, and players very frequently have their body over the baseline. Take a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBkFgS3e4QY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;slo-mo video&lt;/a&gt; of Roger Federer serving. He (and most other pros) always lean slightly into their serve for the exact reason you specified. It's fair game as far as the rules are concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T02:06:42.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16449" CreationDate="2017-07-07T04:48:51.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;F1 previously had this rule but it was removed because it was difficult to manage and potientially dangerous. Now there are new safeguards involved like drivers will only be allowed to overtake once they have all passed the pit entry twice (which will allow all drivers to pit if they want), lead drivers has to stay on the racing line once the order is given to allow cars to overtake, and will be allowed to weave again, to get heat into their tyres, when informed it is safe to do so. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/72641.html#EtRsbIGAvtLDbOSJ.99&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;By &lt;strong&gt;Charlie Whiting&lt;/strong&gt; FIA technical delegate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;View of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/mercedes-amg-f1/2012-formula-one-regulation-changes-part-two/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Andrew Shovlin&lt;/strong&gt;, Senior Race Engineer at mercedes at 2012&lt;/a&gt; is that before this rule was introduced (2010 and 2011 lapped cars were not allowed to overtake prior to a safety car restart), race leader get mixed up with back markers at the end of race. Depriving the spectators of an exciting finish as it allowed some cars to build good lead while their competitors were stuck in traffic. Making it confusing for those watching as the order of cars on track was not the actual race order. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This will have two important effects, firstly the cars directly behind the safety will line up in actual race order so when the race restarts they are in a position to overtake each other. Secondly, the majority of the field will be on the same racing lap, bunched together and with some of the cars on new tyres. Together with the DRS, this should create exciting racing in the midfield where cars on older tyres will be ahead of cars that have stopped for fresh rubber who are trying to battle their way up the order for points.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/formula1/comments/1hxkyj/what_are_the_rules_under_the_safety_car/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 reddit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This view makes it easier to understand the purpose of this rule in some way, will add more sources later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T04:48:51.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2017-07-07T05:52:45.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hank Aaron&lt;/strong&gt; holds the record for most consecutive All-Star Game appearances with 25 games. He appeared in every All-Star Game held from 1955 to 1975, a period of 21 seasons. There were two All-Star Games played in 1959, 1960, 1961, and 1962.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/a/aaronha01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Baseball Reference - Hank Aaron Statistics&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference - Hank Aaron Statistics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T05:52:45.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16447" CreationDate="2017-07-07T07:11:11.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding over-the-fence bunt home runs, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hittrackeronline.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;minimum observed off-the-bat speed for a home run in 2016 is about 90 mph&lt;/a&gt;. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff/7713scit3.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;coefficient of restitution &amp;#40;COR&amp;#41; limit for MLB baseballs is 0.578&quot;&gt;coefficient of restitution (COR) limit for MLB baseballs is 0.578&lt;/a&gt;. Assuming that a ball being bunted acts like the MLB's COR test, that implies a pitch speed of 156 mph (90 mph / 0.578) is required for a bunt home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An inside-the-park bunt home run is plausible, but I was unable to find any evidence that it has ever happened without it being the result of an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10225" LastEditorUserId="10225" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T12:01:01.990" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T12:01:01.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16462" CreationDate="2017-07-07T13:28:21.557" Score="2" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which sports broadcast is watched by &lt;strong&gt;the most people&lt;/strong&gt; in the world, on television or online?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indirectly, which sports match gets the highest TRP rate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11062" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T15:02:59.610" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T08:34:19.550" Title="Which sports broadcast gets the highest TRP rate?" Tags="|international-sports|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16457" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-07T15:15:41.790" Score="0" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen that soccer fields vary in size. However, I believe there must be an agreed upon dimension for professional fields (Premier League, La Liga, MLS, etc.) What are these dimensions??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either feet, yards, or meters works fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11484" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:32:54.900" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T23:32:54.900" Title="Dimensions of soccer pitch" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|la-liga|mls|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-07-08T11:24:09.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16457" CreationDate="2017-07-07T15:45:33.723" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_pitch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; that there is only a required range for the dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my experience, I believe that even in professional leagues like the premier league, certain pitches do indeed have different dimensions and it can be an important influence on the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13633" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-07T17:09:32.033" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T17:09:32.033" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16457" CreationDate="2017-07-07T16:34:08.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The size of the picth is not evenly in every field. There are maximum and minimun size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Law 1&lt;/code&gt; told us about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;The touchline must be longer than the goal-line.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Length (touchline):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;minimum 90m (100yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maximum 120m (130yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Length (goal-line):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;minimum 45m (50yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maximum 90m (100yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions for international matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Length (touchline):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;minimum 100m (100yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maximum 110m (120yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Length (goal-line):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;minimum 64m (70yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maximum 75m (80yds)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Competitions may determine the length of the goal-line and touchline within the above dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rule about that the pitch has to maintain some aspect. in fact a field can be &lt;strong&gt;90m X 45m&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;90m X 89m&lt;/strong&gt;, but the last one would be a very strange field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="477" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T16:34:08.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7349" CreationDate="2017-07-07T17:42:36.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spider 2 Y Banana within itself is a just a concept. Meaning slide protection with a play action pass to the tailback or halfback depending on terminology with the y the tight end running a banana similar too a corner route. The play within itself will have other options built into the route which could change depending on the coverage shown where hot routes, blocking assignments, and sight adjustments could all come into play. If the team would line up in what could be called a pro right formation with 21 personnel meaning 2 backs and 1 te with a flanker (z) and split end (x)the play as a whole could be called pro right z slant x go spider 2 y banana on whatever the cadence may be. The other receivers may have a predetermined route combination as well. I have done most of my limited study on Charlie Weis and his tenure with the patriots as OC under his system which is more of a combination of the west coast and erhardt Perkins systems which deals more with route naming combinations as opposed to the west coast system which deals more with individual assignments. Gruden was the play caller for the eagles as OC and the raiders and bucs as head coach where the spider 2 y banana was a staple concept of his offense that lead to Gannon having great success and the bucs winning super bowl 37 with brad Johnson albeit they had a great defense. If you ever watch grudens qb camp he discusses this with most quarterbacks especially those few in college that still run a pro style offense and most of the time the fullback in the flat is the guy the ball should go to regardless of the coverage. Hope this gives some kind of answer never done this before wanted to sound knowledgeable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13634" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T17:42:36.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3145" CreationDate="2017-07-07T21:54:12.593" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Greenbrier, old white tpc ends with a par 3. Hosted ryder cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13635" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T21:54:12.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16456" CreationDate="2017-07-08T08:34:19.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://whatculture.com/sport/10-most-watched-sporting-events-in-tv-history?page=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Whatculture&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/strong&gt; with average viewer 3.5 billion is the most watched sport broadcast in the world. But &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIFA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; says 3.2 billion and estimated 280 million people around the world watched matches online or on a mobile device. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the &lt;em&gt;2014 World Cup final&lt;/em&gt; between Germany and Argentina in Brazil was watched by more than &lt;strong&gt;1 billion&lt;/strong&gt; viewers which suggest it might be the highest TRP match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T08:34:19.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16716" CreationDate="2017-07-08T20:50:28.787" Score="5" ViewCount="2101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis world number ones are usually grand slam champions, Roger Federer, Serina Williams, and Andy Murray are a few examples. But it's possible for a player to become the top seed collecting points by making deep runs in the grand slams and winning non major titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been a time when a man or a woman reached singles first seed before ever winning a major? If so please list them all, also did they to win a grand slam afterwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T18:48:23.163" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T18:48:23.163" Title="How many times a tennis player became world number one ranking without ever winning a grand slam?" Tags="|tennis|history|ranking|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16463" CreationDate="2017-07-08T21:28:24.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/a&gt; was number one on the WTA Tour for 67 weeks but has never won a Grand Slam title, her best results being runner-up at the US Open in 2009 and 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T21:28:24.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16471" CreationDate="2017-07-09T21:52:24.050" Score="0" ViewCount="454" Body="&lt;p&gt;The surface under grass of grass courts is slower or faster than hard courts/clay courts? What about its uniformity (i have read that it is compacted soil, but it does not seems that uniform)?&#xA;References are welcomed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13639" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T17:00:26.527" Title="Tennis - soil under grass vs other court types" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16466" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-10T07:58:12.787" Score="-1" ViewCount="5514" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are 10 fielders on the field, how many fielders should be outside the 30-yard circle in &lt;strong&gt;Powerplay&lt;/strong&gt; according to the rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13642" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T13:54:38.590" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T07:25:06.343" Title="Powerplay rule if there are 10 fielders on the field" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16466" CreationDate="2017-07-10T13:58:27.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: I'm not sure if it can be taken as duplicate of the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10380/power-play-in-t20-cricket/10381#10381&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;power play in T20 cricket&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; but the comment of &lt;em&gt;Ben Whyall&lt;/em&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As an umpire tutor one of the things we stress to people around fielding regulations is that they always so no more than or no less than, and so regardless of the number of players in the team they apply. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means &lt;strong&gt;Powerplay rule will still be same&lt;/strong&gt; depending upon the type of game you are playing, whether it be &lt;em&gt;ODI&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;T20&lt;/em&gt; regardless of team size. In your case you have 10 players fielding at a time but that will not change Powerplay rule whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/01/09/879a8d2a-c639-40bb-b416-6854c153f018/Standard-One-Day-International-Match-Playing-Conditions-2016-17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Standard One Day International Match Playing Conditions – 2016-17&lt;/a&gt; the rule states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;41.2 Restrictions on the placement of fieldsmen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;41.2.1 At the instant of delivery, there may not be more than 5 fieldsmen on the leg side.  &#xA;&#xA;41.2.3 (fielding restriction area is 30-yard circle)  &#xA;At the instant of delivery:  &#xA;a) Powerplay 1 - no more than two (2) fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area. In an innings of 50 overs, these are overs 1 to 10 inclusive.  &#xA;b) Powerplay 2 - no more than four (4) fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area. In an innings of 50 overs, these are overs 11 to 40 inclusive.  &#xA;c) Powerplay 3 - no more than five (5) fieldsmen shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area. In an innings of 50 overs, these are overs 41 to 50 inclusive.  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are playing T20 cricket &lt;em&gt;law 41.2 Restrictions on the placement of fieldsmen&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/01/09/ce87a7ca-4aa7-44ad-8f5d-51bb20a52931/Standard-Twenty20-International-Match-Playing-Conditions-2016-17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Standard Twenty20 International Match Playing Conditions – 2016-17&lt;/a&gt; will be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-11T07:25:06.343" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T07:25:06.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16465" CreationDate="2017-07-10T17:00:26.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The surface under grass of grass courts is &lt;strong&gt;same if not faster&lt;/strong&gt; than hard courts, which will ultimately be faster than clay courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/atoz/grass_courts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WIMBLEDON&lt;/a&gt; website article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The soil must be hard and dry to allow 13 days of play without damage to the court sub-surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To achieve the required surface of even consistency and hardness, the courts are rolled and covered to keep them dry and firm. Regular measurements are taken to monitor this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the change of grass to &lt;strong&gt;100% Perennial Ryegrass&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;since 2001&lt;/em&gt;) the difference between grass court and other types has reduced significantly. Worn-down grass will behaves more like a hard court as the soil under is more like concrete, with a higher coefficient of friction.&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.ie/world-news/and-finally/wimbledon-2017-is-grass-the-most-difficult-surface-to-play-on-35888932.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From answer of &lt;em&gt;Loring Chien&lt;/em&gt; to question at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/In-tennis-why-are-grass-courts-faster-than-hard-courts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dirt has little texture like asphalt or laykold courts. So its very hard and the ball tends to skid making it a &amp;quot;fast&amp;quot; court, even faster than hard courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for uniformity, yes it is compacted soil but the ground under the grass is never as perfectly level as hard court is, so there are always places that will cause the ball to bounce unpredictably&lt;a href=&quot;https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=948&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;. So it does not seems uniform, but with the level of work that goes into maintainig the court only small patches will appear in different parts of court. Those patches can produce irregular bounces — obvious to the player, but barely perceptible to fans in the crowd or television viewers.&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/07/sports/tennis/as-blotches-surface-wimbledon-groundskeepers-try-to-maintain-the-grass.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellerossingh/2016/07/05/wimbledon-grass-or-u-s-open-hard-court-they-are-now-one-and-the-same/#5a40ad9e577e&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Forbes article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“The bad bounces are gone, the courts are now so level, the preparation of the grass-court is so immaculate that it is now behaving exactly like a hard court,” &lt;em&gt;Craig O'Shannessy&lt;/em&gt; Strategy analyst for Wimbledon, Australian Open, ATP World Tour, Infosys, NY Times &amp;amp; Tennishead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer I have given is mostly based on Wimbledon grass court but should be same for other court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T17:00:26.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16474" CreationDate="2017-07-10T22:21:01.697" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is always a person at major league baseball games who authenticates certain items. A player's 1st hit or home run ball, a home run caught by a fan, a pitcher's 2,000th strike out, things like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who determines which items are authenticated, and is that person hired by MLB, the ballpark, or whom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T22:08:24.073" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T22:08:24.073" Title="Who authenticates baseball paraphernalia?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|collectibles|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16411" CreationDate="2017-07-11T02:28:19.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the change of law procedures of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-42-fair-and-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 42.18 Players’ conduct&lt;/a&gt; would be followed in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case is now covered by the new code of laws &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/new-code-of-laws-october-2017/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;NEW CODE OF LAWS - OCTOBER 2017&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, thanks to &lt;em&gt;@gout&lt;/em&gt; for looking into this and reminding me in comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 25.7 Restriction on the striker’s runner states:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25.7.1 Once the ball comes into play, the runner for an injured batsman who is the striker&#xA;  shall have part of his/her person or bat grounded behind the popping crease until the&#xA;  ball reaches the striker or passes the popping crease, whichever is the sooner.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25.7.2 If the striker’s end umpire considers the runner for an injured striker to be in breach&#xA;  of this restriction then, if the ball does not become dead for any other reason, he shall&#xA;  call and signal Dead ball as soon as the ball reaches the boundary or at the&#xA;  completion of the first run. However, he/she shall delay the call of Dead ball to allow&#xA;  the opportunity for a catch to be completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This law will now restrict the movement of runner for injured striker before he strikes the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This new set of laws with few other that have been changed will take effect around the world from &lt;strong&gt;1 October 2017&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-11T11:37:02.910" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T11:37:02.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16472" CreationDate="2017-07-11T03:03:14.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Off-duty law enforcement officers&lt;/strong&gt; working as independent contractors are assigned by &lt;em&gt;Authenticators, Inc.&lt;/em&gt; for Major League Baseball Properties to authenticate autographs and game-used memorabilia at every Major League Baseball game. Only those items that an authenticator actually witnesses being signed or used in a game may be eligible for authentication under the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/authentication&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Authentication Program&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://tokens-icons.com/pages/mlb-authentication&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tokens-icons.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportscollectorsdigest.com/an-inside-look-at-the-major-league-baseball-authentication-program/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sportscollectorsdigest&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T03:03:14.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16478" CreationDate="2017-07-11T09:48:10.590" Score="-5" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes%27_list_of_the_most_valuable_sports_teams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a list of most valuable sports teams&lt;/a&gt;, and I was amazed at the valuations. Why are there owners willing to drive the value of these teams so high?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;strong&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/strong&gt; is listed with a value of &lt;strong&gt;USD 3.65 Billion&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rXCwi.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rXCwi.png&quot; alt=&quot;Chart showing valuation of American Football&amp;#39;s Dallas Cowboys as $4.0 Billion and Football&amp;#39;s Real Madrid as $3.65 Billion&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know that they are getting revenue through sponsorships, television broadcast rights fees, Internet broadcasting, and match ticket sales. Do those together justify such high valuations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11062" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-07-11T15:30:01.277" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T02:26:36.077" Title="Why are there owners willing to pay so much for sports teams?" Tags="|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15856" CreationDate="2017-07-11T10:24:28.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not true that ball have no predetermined shape. And the distribution of the holes of the ball is usually made following the design represented in SP document &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.floorball.org/Liitetiedostot/en120605.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MATERIAL REGULATIONS&lt;/a&gt;, which divides the ball in two equal halves, later joined to position a hole between two holes above the joint,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tTotX.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tTotX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Position of the holes above the joint from SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden &quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a more even distribution of holes, during design process the ball was divided into eight sections for symmetry. As each section should have the same number of holes, it leads to 3.25 holes that can be differently distributed. For the possibility of creating a seamless ball, the holes can be distributed along every direction as shown in figure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qrkgi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qrkgi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;figure&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/241131/241131.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Development of the Floorball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by Sara Mateos Fernández.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-11T11:42:25.910" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T11:42:25.910" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16477" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-11T12:15:08.160" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few years ago, many Brazilian football teams &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bemxbSrUnk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sat-down&lt;/a&gt; right after the match started, in protest for extenuating scheduling conditions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever a player protested in akin ways in a professional Tennis match? For example, by refusing to serve? Or maybe two players, by keeping the ball in game continuously? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, can the referee do something about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T12:15:08.160" Title="Tennis player sit-down (or other form of) protest?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16475" CreationDate="2017-07-12T02:26:36.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Application of Income Approach for Valuation of Football Club by &lt;em&gt;Ilia Solntsev&lt;/em&gt; mention teams are getting revenues through number of causes namely: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Matchday, Broadcasting Revenues, Sponsorship, Merchandising, Stadium Revenues, Additional Sources of Income(pen branded restaurants, clubs, fitness centers etc.), Fans&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but that &lt;strong&gt;can not justify&lt;/strong&gt; those high valuations. Because clubs are valuated by different technique, above valuation is of &lt;em&gt;Forbes Valuation Technique&lt;/em&gt; and different values will use different data to valuate clubs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at this example used by &lt;em&gt;Markham&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anomalies in football club valuation – Tottenham Hotspur 2012:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Market Capitalisation Value :  £83.6m&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Revenue Multiples Value : £245.2m&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Forbes Value : £351.1m  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which clearly shows different method yields different club value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &quot;What is the optimal method to value a football club?&quot; by &lt;em&gt;Tom Markham&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditional corporate valuation techniques are Market capitalisation, Discounted Cash flow (DCF) models, Bankruptcy valuation. And methodologies used within the football sector to ascertain a club’s worth are Revenue multiples approach, Forbes valuation, Broker valuation and Multivariate model for EPL club valuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At last&lt;/strong&gt;, valuations are done with different set of data and owner may not pay the same amount as valuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forbes valuation hasn't been accurate to predict the sales of team i.e; Real Madrid valuation of USD 3.65 Billion doesn't mean that cost of buying Real is 3.65 Billion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Results show that on average the transaction cost of the North American sports franchises was 27% higher than Forbes had estimated for 2004. Forbes estimates were between 59.2% lower (Manchester City in 2008) and 69.1% higher (Liverpool in 2010) than actual transaction prices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T02:26:36.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-12T05:09:15.073" Score="1" ViewCount="1520" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a Domestic T20 tournament. One interesting thing happened during the match, where a Fast Bowler bowled a wide ball, which easily crossed boundary roaps, but interestingly by touching the wicket-keeper's helmet which was on the ground behind the wicket-keeper. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runs awarded in this case are, 5 PEN+1(Wide), Four ignored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What ICC Rules explain in this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12361" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-07-12T07:30:27.843" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T07:30:27.843" Title="Wide ball gone to boundary by touching Keeper's Helmet" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16479" CreationDate="2017-07-12T07:29:30.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 41.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a protective helmet belonging to the fielding side is on the ground within the field of play, and the ball while in play strikes it, &lt;strong&gt;the ball shall become dead&lt;/strong&gt; and [...] 5 penalty runs shall then be awarded to the batting side, in addition to the penalty for a No ball or a Wide, if applicable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). As the ball becomes dead when it hits the helmet, the fact it runs away to the boundary is unimportant - play stops when the ball hits the helmet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T07:29:30.480" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16482" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-12T14:53:47.010" Score="3" ViewCount="1845" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/draws/index.html?event=MX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mixed-double draw of Wimbledon 2017&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are the seeds determined in Mixed Double tournaments considering that there is no general rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-10-27T00:42:53.487" Title="How are tennis mixed doubles seeds determined?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16483" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16487" CreationDate="2017-07-12T16:18:21.760" Score="1" ViewCount="1265" Body="&lt;p&gt;if a batted ball arcs OVER the foul pole when it crosses the fence, is it a home run? Assume the ball crosses directly over it while in flight, not hitting it, but going over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-07-12T21:16:15.397" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T21:16:15.397" Title="If a hit passes directly over the foul pole, is it a home run?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-12T16:54:03.743" Score="3" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oKPmP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This schedule is on the side of a milk jug that is very old. If anyone knows a fast way to figure out what year this schedule took place just out of curiousity that would be cool. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13652" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T14:10:09.950" Title="Anyone know what year this is from? Found under 100 year old building." Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16484" CreationDate="2017-07-12T17:43:53.310" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BOS/1963-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1963&lt;/a&gt;, based on the schedule and the teams.  Thanks to @John for pointing out the range to search in (1947-1970, based on the first night game at Fenway, and the last year the Senators played in Washington).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2017-07-13T14:10:09.950" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T14:10:09.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16483" CreationDate="2017-07-12T18:43:28.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be a home run.  The foul pole is simply a vertical extension of the foul line at a point, but the line itself (although it's painted flat) could be abstractedly envisioned to go vertically with no limit.  For example, if there is a line drive down the foul line that is caught, you can still distinguish a ball being fair or foul even though it never hit the playing field (or any pole).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_rules.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; in the Definition of Terms section:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FAIR TERRITORY is that part of the playing field within, and&#xA;  including the first base and third base lines, from home base to the bottom&#xA;  of the playing field fence and perpendicularly upwards. All foul lines&#xA;  are in fair territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Importantly, the foul lines are included in fair territory and the perpendicular property is stated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that ...[skip some stuff]... while over fair territory,&#xA;  passes out of the playing field in flight.&#xA;  A fair fly shall be judged according to the relative position of the&#xA;  ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and not as to whether the&#xA;  fielder is on fair or foul territory at the time he touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note there that the foul pole is included as being part of fair territory, that the relative position of the ball to the foul line is what matters (so it never has to touch anything), and in the case you present of a ball flying over the foul pole--this is the point of the ball passing &quot;out of the playing field in flight&quot;; this all leads to the ruling of a fair ball and thus home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2017-07-12T18:43:28.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16507" CreationDate="2017-07-12T21:03:56.217" Score="2" ViewCount="956" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2017/7/bottas-start-movement--within-allowed-tolerances----fia.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA said&lt;/a&gt; that Valtteri Bottas' start movement in 2017 Austrian Grand Prix was within the tolerances allowed, however we were not enlightened on the tolerances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw the following sentence in an article (on autosport.com), which declares this rule is hidden to prevent any abuse by the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The FIA does not disclose what tolerance is allowed before it takes&#xA;  action, for fear that if teams knew what was allowed they would start&#xA;  exploiting this to boost their getaways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it really a hidden rule? If not, what are the allowed tolerances for a jump start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T18:42:56.870" Title="What is the allowed tolerance for a jump start or is it a hidden rule?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16491" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-13T09:32:08.460" Score="6" ViewCount="9269" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize that all sports have rules you need to follow, and usually there's good reason for these rules. Still, I wonder about the rules regarding high jump: according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/769/what-is-the-world-record-in-high-jump-if-you-allow-taking-off-on-both-feet&quot;&gt;What is the world record in high jump if you allow taking off on both feet?&lt;/a&gt;, you need to take off on one foot. It's said in the comments that gymnasts can jump higher than 2.5 m if they do flip-flops or something, however, the current world record for high jump is lower than this. This seems strange to me, as I would think it was interesting to see who could jump highest, not just who can jump highest using this particular technique. It seems hard to find references to this on the net. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this clip (sorry, in norwegian) the gymnast is said to easily clear 2.5m: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrYehClSOf0&amp;amp;t=1470s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brille season 2, episode 3, NRK&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13661" LastEditorUserId="13661" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T20:16:44.540" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T13:44:32.337" Title="High jump: Why is it not allowed to take off on both feet, do flip flops etc?" Tags="|rules|technique|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1326" CreationDate="2017-07-13T09:44:25.780" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from the physical differences, swimmers may gain psychological advantages, and the lane in which this happens depends on the swimmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have met professional swimmers who like to swim in lanes that are near the side, stating reasons which include being able to monitor all 7 other swimmers during 1 breath, as opposed to 2 breaths if the swimmer was near the middle lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that swimmer specialised in freestyle, and the opposite may be true for breaststrokers and butterflyers, who may see other swimmers more clearly in the middle lanes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, it all depends on the swimmer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13662" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T09:44:25.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16495" CreationDate="2017-07-13T10:55:57.817" Score="3" ViewCount="2147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know football match with highest number goals scored for both teams combined in both international football, and the top European leagues like the English Premier League, La Liga etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13663" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T23:33:58.457" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T17:33:02.137" Title="Which football matches had the highest combined number of goals?" Tags="|football|records|fifa|english-premier-league|la-liga|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16493" CreationDate="2017-07-13T17:49:01.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;International match: Australia hold the record for the most goals in an international match for a victory over American Samoa (11th April 2001) in Oceanian 2002 World Cup qualifiers. Australia 31 vs Samoa 0 with combined total of 31.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goalprofits.com/most-goals-scored-in-a-football-match/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;goalprofits&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4c3zaQrncc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/australians-set-world-cup-soccer-scoring-record-1.254320&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBC SPORTS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_31%E2%80%930_American_Samoa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World Cup Match: Austria v Switzerland (1954) combined goal scored 12 with Austria 7 vs Switzerland 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_v_Switzerland_(1954_FIFA_World_Cup)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=212/match=1237/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI6jQUV2ch8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English Premier League: Portsmouth 7 vs Reading 4 for combined total of 11 in 29th September 2007&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.whoateallthepies.tv/portsmouth/223260/on-this-day-in-2007-highest-scoring-premier-league-match-ever-as-portsmouth-thump-reading-7-4.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;whoateallthepies&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/portsmth-vs-reading/88967&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;skysports&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7008200.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://therawstraw.com/premier-league-at-its-best/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;therawstraw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Champions League: Borussia Dortmund 8 vs Legia Warsaw 4 for combined 12 goals in 22/11/2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dw.com/en/champions-league-records-tumble-as-ruthless-borussia-dortmund-put-eight-past-legia-warsaw/a-36486715&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DW&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4247538/Manchester-City-set-Champions-League-leg-tie-record.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dailymail&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;La Liga: Athletic Bilbao 9 vs Racing Santander 5 (5 February 1933) with combined total of 14&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_in_Spain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/uefa-champions-league/2/blog/post/3002639/footballs-biggest-scorelines-from-world-cup-to-premier-league-via-mls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;espn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bundesliga: With combined total of 12, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Borussia Mönchengladbach 12–0 Borussia Dortmund (matchday 34 of 1977–78)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Borussia Dortmund 11–1 Arminia Bielefeld (1982–83)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bayern Munich 11–1 Borussia Dortmund (1971–72)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Borussia Dortmund 9–3 1. FC Kaiserslautern (1963–64)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FC Köln 8–4 Tennis Borussia Berlin (1976–77)   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga_records#Goals_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bundesliga.com/de/bundesliga/news/top-fact-kuriose-rekorde-der-bundesliga-noblsp.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Serie A: AC Milan 9 vs Atalanta 3, 1972/1973, for a combined total of 12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistiche_della_Serie_A#Record_risultati&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6lBzZfrrvU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thegentlemanultra.com/gazzetta/dissecting-the-great-feast-ac-milan-vs-atalanta-197273&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thegentlemanultra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ligue 1: Sochaux 12 vs Valenciennes 1, 1935–36 for combined total of 13&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ligue_1_records_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.match.sochaux.valenciennes.66323.en.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;footballdatabase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scottish Cup: Arbroath 36 vs Bon Accord 0 for combined total of 36 in 1885/86&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goalprofits.com/most-goals-scored-in-a-football-match/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;goalprofits&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbroath_36%E2%80%930_Bon_Accord&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: Sporting Club de Portugal 16 vs APOEL FC 1 for a combined total of 17 in 13/11/63, European Cup Winners' Cup first round first leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2231480.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-No4Ii0iGw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FA Cup: Preston North End 26 vs Hyde United 0 for combined total of 26 in 1887&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1488110-the-7-worst-blowouts-in-soccer-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some website shows Australia win over Samoa as 32-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about Ligue 1 that was the biggest one that I have found.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T17:33:02.137" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T17:33:02.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16496" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16498" CreationDate="2017-07-13T22:49:38.790" Score="2" ViewCount="409" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there been an NBA player who has had the jersey number retired in multiple Teams/Franchises?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13667" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T07:43:41.883" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T07:43:41.883" Title="NBA Player with Retired Jersey Number in Multiple Teams" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16496" CreationDate="2017-07-14T07:42:54.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/multiple_jerseys_retired_071201.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official list&lt;/a&gt; of the player with multiple jersey retired:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wilt Chamberlain -- #13 (Sixers/Warriors/Lakers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oscar Robertson -- #1 (Bucks) #14 (Kings via Cincinnati Royals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kareem Abdul-Jabbar -- #33 (Bucks/Lakers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pete Maravich - #7 (Jazz/Hornets)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Julius Erving -- #32 (Nets) #6 (Sixers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Earl Monroe -- #15 (Knicks) #10 (Bullets/Wizards)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charles Barkley -- #34 (Sixers/Suns)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Jordan – #23 (Bulls/Heat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nate Thurmond -- #42 (Cavs/Warriors)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bob Lanier -- #16 (Pistons/Bucks)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clyde Drexler -- #22 (Blazers/Rockets) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T07:42:54.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16493" CreationDate="2017-07-14T11:03:53.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a relevant case: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_national_under-23_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Federated States of Micronesia national under-23 football team&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Their performance was the worst recorded in international football as they lost all three games, conceding 114 goals (an average of 38 goals each game) in the process without scoring themselves. On two occasions, against Fiji and Vanuatu, they conceded a record number of goals in international competition. However, although these matches count as official records for the Pacific Games, since the games did not involve senior teams, they will not be recognised by FIFA as official world records. Despite the unofficial nature of their record defeats, numerous international media outlets have branded them the worst football team on the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Micronesia 0 - 30 Tahiti (3 July 2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Micronesia 0 - 38 Fiji (5 July 2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Micronesia 0 - 46 Vanuatu (7 July 2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case, the highest combined number of goals was 46 (46+0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T07:15:54.930" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T07:15:54.930" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16493" CreationDate="2017-07-14T12:03:36.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/2386609.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this match&lt;/a&gt; that seems the world record with 149 goals during a single match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The results is caused by a protest on a refereeing decisions.&#xA;All the 149 were caused by deliberately own goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to find info about this match also on Wikipedia's article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Adema_149%E2%80%930_SO_l%27Emyrne&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AS Adema 149–0 SO l'Emyrne&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;AS Adema 149–0 SO I'Emyrne was an association football match played on 31 October 2002 between two teams in Antananarivo, Madagascar. It holds the world record for the highest scoreline, recognized by The Guinness Book of Records. SO l'Emyrne intentionally lost the game against their arch-rivals AS Adema in protest over refereeing decisions that had gone against them during a four-team playoff tournament. The match surpassed the previous record for the highest scoreline of 36–0, set in 1885.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T08:42:56.343" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T08:42:56.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16593" CreationDate="2017-07-14T14:00:04.020" Score="2" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is clear that the Tour de France is won in the mountains. (On a flat stage there usually are mass finishes, with the winner not able to make up much time.) Hence the overall winner should also be a reasonably good climber. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the &lt;em&gt;lowest placing&lt;/em&gt; in the climber competition of any winner of the Tour de France Yellow Jersey? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13672" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T17:07:32.890" LastActivityDate="2020-09-22T13:36:09.980" Title="Worst placing in the climber competition for the overall winner" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16503" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-14T16:20:17.327" Score="6" ViewCount="9633" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon is the only tennis grand slam that doesn't have a final set tie break. This means that there is no maximum number of games in the 5th set (for men). Famously John Isner and Nicolas Mahut &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;played&lt;/a&gt; a 138 game 5th set in 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without the final set tie break, matches can last far longer than anticipated, causing scheduling problems and leaving the winner of such marathon matches physically exhausted for the next match. So why doesn't Wimbledon have the tie break?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: In 2018 Wimbledon &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/oct/19/wimbledon-fifth-set-tie-break-tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;introduced&lt;/a&gt; a tie break to final set (3rd set for women, 5th for men). If players reach a 12-12 games tie in the final set, a tie breaker will be played to determine the winner of the match. In its first year, this rule came into effect for the very first time in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;finals match&lt;/a&gt; between Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-08T15:39:36.753" LastActivityDate="2021-07-08T15:39:36.753" Title="Why doesn't Wimbledon have final set tie break?" Tags="|tennis|tie-breaker|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-15T05:48:10.543" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;ITF Senior Regulation define Unsportsmanlike Conduct as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any misconduct by a player that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the Sport, but does not fall within the prohibition of any specific on‐site offence contained herein. In addition, unsportsmanlike conduct shall include, but not be limited to, the giving, making, issuing, authorizing or endorsing any public statement having, or designed to have, an effect prejudicial or detrimental to the best interests of the tournament and/or the officiating thereof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this definition also include protest in a game and if not which law will handle protest?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T06:34:43.223" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T06:34:43.223" Title="Is protest considered as Unsportsmanlike Conduct in tennis?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16488" CreationDate="2017-07-15T10:03:51.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it's certainly the information that hasn't been &lt;strong&gt;disclosed&lt;/strong&gt; by FIA, though not sure about the reason. It may be because of the same thing you quoted from &quot;Autosport&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And only thing we know about jumpstart and tolerance is from the FIA statement that is in your provided link stating:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The jump start system judges whether a car has moved a pre-set (very small) distance between the point at which the last red light comes on and the point at which the lights go out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That pre-set distance may possibly be the position of transponder relative to numerous wire aerials embedded in the track and pit lane. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.formula1-dictionary.net/start_sequence.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sporting and technical regulations also mention the transponder once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sporting Regulation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;36.13 Either of the penalties under Articles 38.3c) or d) will be imposed for a false start judged using an FIA supplied transponder which must be fitted to the car as specified.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the referenced articles are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;38.3   c) A drive-through penalty. The driver must enter the pit lane and re-join the race without stopping.   d) A ten second stop-and-go time penalty. The driver must enter the pit lane, stop in his pit stop position for at least ten seconds and then re-join the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technical Regulation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;20.4 Transponders : All cars must be fitted with two timing transponders supplied by the officially appointed timekeepers. These transponders must be fitted in strict accordance with the instructions detailed in the Appendix to the Technical Regulations. Teams must use their best endeavours to ensure that the transponders are in working order at all times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2017/7/bottas-start-movement--within-allowed-tolerances----fia.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;formula1.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://drivetribe.com/p/fia-explain-why-bottas-moving-before-KHfO0RQ4RB-L1CGqFjQsXw?iid=KO3eeuvISiWGmPTqoabCUw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;drivetribe&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.planetf1.com/news/bottas-start-within-allowed-tolerances/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;planetf1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T10:19:40.820" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T10:19:40.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16510" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-16T05:02:28.210" Score="2" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times in the history of the MLB, a starting pitcher stuck out all 9 starting hitters of the opposing team at least once in a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T02:55:21.387" Title="How many times has a starting pitcher stuck out all starting hitters?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16514" CreationDate="2017-07-16T05:45:09.617" Score="2" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 17 years old and I want to be able to umpire at a junior level (primary school). I want to firstly know if it is possible and if so, how do I become one? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13677" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-13T21:02:37.607" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T21:02:37.607" Title="How to become a cricket umpire for junior level" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16512" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-16T06:02:36.153" Score="-1" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Olympics is the biggest sporting event on earth, but there are still some spots that are not included in the Olympics like &lt;strong&gt;Cricket&lt;/strong&gt;. It is now a much more popular sport over the world but there are still no sign of it becoming an Olympics sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13663" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-07-18T20:18:30.117" LastActivityDate="2017-07-18T20:18:30.117" Title="Why isn't Cricket an Olympics sport event?" Tags="|rules|cricket|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-07-17T11:38:26.897" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16511" CreationDate="2017-07-16T06:55:36.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is definitely possible to do so, we have plenty of umpires here in the UK standing in cricket up to and including men's league games.  Your best course of action is to speak to your local cricket association who would be able to tell you when and where the next umpires course is.  If you are in the UK you can also go to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ecb.co.uk/be-involved/officials/find-a-course&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.ecb.co.uk/be-involved/officials/find-a-course&lt;/a&gt;. Good luck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T06:55:36.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6933" CreationDate="2017-07-16T09:37:19.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an answer summarizing the situation at the time when the question was posted. Here is a CW answer which can be updated when there are more players with No. 1 position without Grand Slam title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Men&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Year-end No. 1 without Grand Slam title in the same year&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players#No._1_ranked_players_without_a_previous_Grand_Slam_title&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the list on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players&amp;amp;oldid=918758524#No._1_ranked_players_without_a_previous_Grand_Slam_title&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;revision from 2019&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Connors#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy Connors&lt;/a&gt; in 1975 and 1977&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McEnroe#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John McEnroe&lt;/a&gt; in 1982&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;No. 1 position before the first Grand Slam title&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Lendl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivan Lendl&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 1983, the first GS title in 1984)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_R%C3%ADos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcelo Ríos&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 1998, no GS title)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Women&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Year-end No. 1 without Grand Slam title in the same year&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_Seles_career_statistics#Singles_performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Monica Seles&lt;/a&gt; in 1995.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Hingis_career_statistics#Performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Martina Hingis&lt;/a&gt; in 2000.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Davenport_career_statistics#Singles_performance_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lindsay Davenport&lt;/a&gt; in 2001, 2004 and 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jelena Jankovic&lt;/a&gt; in 2008.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki#Career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/a&gt; in 2010 and 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simona_Halep&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Simona Halep&lt;/a&gt; in 2017.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;No. 1 position before the first Grand Slam title&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_tennis_players#Players_who_became_No._1_before_winning_their_first_Grand_Slam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the list on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_tennis_players&amp;amp;oldid=919296962#Players_who_became_No._1_before_winning_their_first_Grand_Slam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;revision from 2019&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Mauresmo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amélie Mauresmo&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2004, the first GS title in 2006)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Clijsters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kim Clijsters&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2003, the first GS title in 2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jelena Jankovic&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2008, no GS title)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinara_Safina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dinara Safina&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2009, no GS title)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2010, the first GS title in 2018)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Pl%C3%AD%C5%A1kov%C3%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Karolína Plíšková&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2017, no GS title)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simona_Halep&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Simona Halep&lt;/a&gt; (No. 1 in 2017, the first GS title in 2018)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Sources&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia articles &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_tennis_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T14:10:49.490" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-16T09:37:19.957" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16512" CreationDate="2017-07-16T11:54:14.903" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Tokyo 2020, the relevant criteria as expressed by the organizing committee was: added value; youth appeal; attractiveness for TV, media and the general public; gender equality; minimum impact on the number of events and/or quotas, infrastructure and operational costs and complexity &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topendsports.com/events/summer/sport-selection.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following these criteria, five sports were added: baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing and surf. Basically, two very popular sports in Japan and three radical sports very popular amongst the youth; all of them played in multiple countries and by both genres. Also, basketball 3x3 was added but not considered as a new sport, just a variation of the basketball 5x5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9505" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T11:54:14.903" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16520" CreationDate="2017-07-16T14:59:25.897" Score="0" ViewCount="3977" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis players are allowed to challenge line calls when the hawk-eye technology is available on court. Upon a successful challenge, I've seen the point getting reversed in some occasions and replayed in the others. When is the challenging player awarded the point on a good challenge?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:15:26.490" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:15:26.490" Title="When is the challenger awarded the point in tennis?" Tags="|rules|tennis|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16430" CreationDate="2017-07-16T16:17:28.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ways you can up your dribbling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On your own:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do Drills (see youtube)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Learn and practice all the basic fundamental moves: crossovers, behind the back, in and outs, hesitations, spin moves, etc.  The fun part is combining them all as a reaction to defense in-game.  It's free-flowing open-ended creativity, like an art. See Allen Iverson, Pistol Pete, Kyrie Irving, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Practice each move on different parts of the court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imagine a defender in front of you and how you'd react in-game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In-game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some of the best ball handlers aren't flashy, but they know how to control the ball. I've played vs PLENTY of &quot;flashy&quot; dribblers who I picked their pocket because they thought all it takes is flashy dribbling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Focus on protecting the ball, instead of only on moves&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start thinking which move is most effective vs which defense&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Study the defensive positioning of your defender and the help defense&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Study other player's dribble moves and tendencies&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Play a lot of 1on1 games vs different players! This is great practice to try out different moves vs real-game defense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best advice is to get in the game!  Practice is great but a lot of growth comes from playing vs good competition.  Practice dribbling and dribbling vs intense defense are two way different things.  GL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:17:28.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16517" CreationDate="2017-07-17T10:04:13.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, when the point is determined to be an unavoidable loss for their opponent, the challenger should be given the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of such a situation may include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a second serve is called in. The challenge shows it was out. The challenger wins the point for a second consecutive service fault by their opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a shot is long but the point is called good in favour of the player who last hit the ball. The challenge shows it was out. The challenger wins the point for their opponent not returning the ball within the court.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a shot is good and subsequently played in a way that would lose the point, but the previous shot is called out. The challenge shows it was in. The chair umpire determines that the call of out was not a hindrance to either player. The challenger wins the point for their opponent losing the point.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T10:04:13.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17450" CreationDate="2017-07-17T11:40:56.733" Score="5" ViewCount="3571" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/VasylLomachenko/status/838193852427051008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt; from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasyl_Lomachenko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vasyl Lomachenko&lt;/a&gt; twitter account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/d8zJYTl.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Training device&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the name of this device or similar type of device? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12987" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T16:17:29.533" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T09:05:01.990" Title="What is this training device used by Vasyl Lomachenko called?" Tags="|equipment|training|boxing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4613" CreationDate="2017-07-17T13:41:27.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fast-medium is a pace bowler who bowls slightly slower than a true 'express' fast bowler and relies more on seam and swing to get his wickets. Virtually all international pace bowlers (ie not spinners) are 'fast-medium' with only the odd true 'fast' bowler playing today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Medium-fast is generally a part time bowler who is normally in the team mainly as a batsmen, but bowls quicker than the usual 'military medium' most part timers bowl. Specialist bowlers are never 'medium-fast' and it would be an insult to call one such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of other terms used, 'medium' is the pace a typical part time bowler bowls, while 'slow' is just another word for a Spinner. The terms 'slow-medium' and 'medium-slow' are archaic - if you spin the ball you are a slow bowler, if you dont you are at least a medium pacer, whatever speed you bowl at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T13:41:27.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3264" CreationDate="2017-07-17T13:50:46.640" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because there is no reason for a free hit. The run penalty for a no ball is quite sufficient. Test cricket is not about slogging balls out of the ground, which is what a free hit promotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T13:50:46.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14198" CreationDate="2017-07-17T14:02:04.370" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of balls being interfered by spectators, dogs, bumble bees ect, it is up to the umpire to judge how many runs he thinks the batsmen would have got if the spectator, dog, or swarm of bumble bees was not there. If he believes the ball was hit hard enough to travel for four, then he will award four runs. If it wasnt hit hard enough, he would award one, two or three depending on how close the nearest fielder was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, the ball is stone dead as soon as the kid attempts to field it, so there is no question of a run out. There is no five run penalty either, as that only applies if the offending object was placed there by the fielding team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This particular case, the ball not reaching the boundary was due to an undulation in the outfield, and not the kid, therefore the correct call should have been dead ball, 3 runs awarded. Ironically, if the kid had ran in &lt;em&gt;front&lt;/em&gt; of the undulation and fielded the ball, because the umpire could not have expected the ball to have hit an undulation had it not been stopped by the kid, the correct call would have been dead ball, 4 runs awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T14:02:04.370" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3577" CreationDate="2017-07-17T14:15:12.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For an ICC tournament, the squad size, as well as the date it must be submitted by, are fixed. Look at the rules for the specific tournament for the allowed squad size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a bilateral tour, squads can be as small or large as the teams like. For the first ever Eng/Aus tour, England sailed over with only 12 men, one of whom caught a STD early in the tour leaving the squad with only the bare eleven. Modern touring squads are much larger and often have the 'A'-team touring nearby to provide even more cricketers in case of injury. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Home squads are effectivly unlimited in size. While home teams often name a 12-man squad a day or two before the game, there is nothing stopping the home coach from naming a 12 man squad but, 30 minutes before the match starts, going down the nearby pub and grabbing eleven locals to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T14:15:12.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3915" CreationDate="2017-07-17T14:32:12.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The minimum that needs to be bowled for the game to constitute an official match is one ball. If the toss is completed but one ball is not bowled, the game is recorded as 'match abandoned without a ball bowled', but players still get credited with an appearance. Games called off &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the toss are also recorded as 'abandoned without a ball bowled', but the players do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; get awarded with an appearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 20-over figure thrown around is the minimum number of overs required for a &lt;em&gt;result&lt;/em&gt;, ie win, loss, tie or draw, using Duckworth-Lewis in one day internationals, however 'no-result' (games lasting under the required 20 overs) and 'abandoned' matches are both legitimate ways to end a match and therefore count in official records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T14:32:12.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16529" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-17T16:47:56.903" Score="1" ViewCount="774" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question that is not related to this &quot;player opinion contract&quot;. It is about a player who wants to terminate the contract with his agent. I would like to ask after the player has sent the Notice of termination (in the written terms) does he need to receive from the agency a confirmation that the contract is terminated or the player is already no longer represented by that agent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13686" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-07-17T18:36:50.457" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T00:16:30.787" Title="Player termination with basketball agent" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2067" CreationDate="2017-07-17T18:57:21.333" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically the fielding team should appeal for &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; dismissals, including bowled. The batsmen is well within his rights to rebuild his shattered wicket and continue his innings if the fielding team do not appeal, conversely if the fielding team &lt;em&gt;WANT&lt;/em&gt; the batsmen to stay in, ie a strokeless blocker in a T20, and the batsmen deliberately drills the ball onto his own stumps or tamely straight at a fielder, the fielding team tell the umpire they are deliberately not appealing, but the batsmen walks anyway, he is out 'retired out' rather than bowled or caught!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T18:57:21.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2967" CreationDate="2017-07-17T19:19:41.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) This position is called deep mid on and is a perfectly legitimate position usually used when the batsmen is chipping over mid on but not trying to carry all the way for six.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Another perfectly legitimate position, this is called short stop (as opposed to the man on the fence, long stop), and is often seen in village cricket when a low quality wicket keeper is standing up to the spinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) This is actually an illegal position as it is obstructing the batsmens sight line behind the bowlers arm, and he is perfectly at liberty to ask the opposition captain to move him to one side. The straight man on the fence you have drawn is similarly in an illegal position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Where you have drawn the circle would probably be described as 'cow corner but twenty yards in', and used when a guy is slogging but not strong enough to clear the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically fielders can be placed anywhere except on the wicket, straight behind the bowlers arm, and no more than 2 behind square on leg. Ive seen a field of 3 slips, gully, third man, midwicket, forward cow corner, cow corner and backward cow corner set to a batsmen - the batsmen first drilled the ball over the three cow fielders for six, second ball swing and miss, third ball hit it straight to one of the cow fielders. If the batsmen had limited strokes the fielding captain is perfectly at liberty to put all his fielders where he knows the batsmen will hit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13685" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T19:19:41.887" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-17T19:28:21.203" Score="3" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Umpire Bible website presents an interference scenario that is brought up under the base runner &quot;confusing&quot; an infielder:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You can think up lots of scenarios. For example, let's say there's one out and a runner on first (R1). Batter hits a weak grounder to the shortstop. Easy double-play, right? Well, on sliding into second, R1 shouts &quot;that's three outs,&quot; and the second baseman pulls up, drops the ball and starts heading for the dugout. Well, you might say the second baseman (F4) is a moron for not knowing his situation and falling for the trick (and you'd be right). That said, it's still interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand what's being said by this, but does this situation call for the batter-runner to be out, making for a double play, rather than putting out the base runner committing the act (since it seems like he's already been forced out, per the description of the play)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T23:46:29.997" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T23:46:29.997" Title="Offensive interference in baseball (&quot;confusing&quot; a fielder)" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16533" CreationDate="2017-07-17T21:31:07.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, although R1 interfered, he interfered in the process of getting the batter out. It would be the same as a base coach or bench player interfering on behalf of the batter; the batter is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T21:31:07.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16535" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-17T21:56:40.190" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the rules say that a third strike must be &quot;legally caught&quot; by the catcher, does that include a situation where the catcher has a third strike glance off his glove, but he ends up catching the deflected ball in his throwing hand (i.e., non-catching hand) before it hits the ground? Would he need to transfer the ball to his glove? I ask this because the rule says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;'Legally caught' means in the catcher’s glove before the ball touches the ground.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:20:20.123" Title="Uncaught Third Strike question" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16538" CreationDate="2017-07-18T17:05:17.353" Score="5" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually in a competitive football match, a player will get suspensions after getting a red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the match between Manchester United and Real Salt Lake City is a friendly match, I was wondering if he'll get suspensions too. And, is there any examples of a player getting suspensions after being sent off in a friendly match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12685" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T20:05:42.280" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T20:05:42.280" Title="Will Antonio Valencia get suspensions after being sent off in a friendly match?" Tags="|football|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16521" CreationDate="2017-07-18T18:27:30.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I can’t provide the specific name to the device you show, I can tell you that it has many uses, one of which is improving hand to eye coordination.  A company called &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dynavisioninternational.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dynavision&lt;/a&gt; makes a very similar product called &lt;a href=&quot;https://products.dynavisioninternational.com/products/d2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;D2(Dynavsion Dynamic Motor)&lt;/a&gt; that is used in sports training and rehabilitation.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listed benefits of it are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Incorporates gross motor skills&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Progresses neuro-cognitive abilities&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Expands peripheral awareness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trains reaction time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Improves functional mobility&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Develops enhanced balance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s easy to see why a boxer would seek out this type of training device, as it can be used to improve his boxing abilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6336" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T16:23:37.807" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T16:23:37.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16536" CreationDate="2017-07-18T19:05:53.423" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/man-utd-news-antonio-valencia-13346246&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;manchestereveningnews&lt;/a&gt; article states that &lt;strong&gt;Valencia will not serve a suspension for his red card&lt;/strong&gt;. With the help of same article,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wayne Rooney and Paul Scholes served three-match ban for being sent off in a pre-season tournament in Amsterdam 3-1 win over FC Porto&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/aug/16/newsstory.sport2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[Source]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T02:44:48.590" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T02:44:48.590" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16548" CreationDate="2017-07-19T02:12:55.750" Score="3" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the running shoe illiterate, there are so many different varieties of running shoes and so many different brand choices that it becomes overwhelming when looking for the right fit. Even reading online is tricky because what may be sound advice, easily gets lost in the vast amount of information and number running shoe choices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here I am wondering if you can help me solve this riddle, how can I objectively choose a good running shoe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What type of running shoes exist, so that I may understand what I am looking at and how to select a shoe based on what it offers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you identify the superior shoe based on their longevity, quality, brand trust, and other factors?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13691" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T03:34:02.353" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T12:18:01.450" Title="How to select running shoes for performance?" Tags="|equipment|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:26:32.013" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16541" CreationDate="2017-07-19T14:36:15.183" Score="1" ViewCount="1957" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: Line of scrimmage is at the defensive team's 12 yard line and the defensive team concedes a 15-yard pre-snap penalty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally the offensive team would move up 15 yards, but what happens in this case? Is there a difference in NFL vs. AFL vs. CFL vs. NCAA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13694" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T06:30:12.117" Title="Can a 5-yard penalty be conceded by the defence when the offence is less than 5 yard from the goal line in American football?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|cfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16540" CreationDate="2017-07-19T14:48:53.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_(gridiron_football)#General_types_of_penalty_enforcement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; all yardage penalties are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;capped at half the distance to the offending team's goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the new line of scrimmage will be the defensive team's 6 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL: &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-1.-half-distance-penalty&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 NFL rulebook section 2 article 1, &amp;quot;Special enforcement for penalties&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CFL: &lt;a href=&quot;https://cfldb.ca/rulebook/summary-of-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;summary of penalties&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.americanfootball.ru/Sport/Rule/2017_football_rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 football rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13694" LastEditorUserId="13694" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T06:30:12.117" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T06:30:12.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16542" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-19T16:01:38.423" Score="3" ViewCount="1346" Body="&lt;p&gt;As someone not living in the US and not seen much of the NCAA college football, I was wondering whether or not the athletes have to supply their own helmets as they get sprayed and painted the university's logo or do they just choose a helmet and the university provide it to them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13695" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-19T16:53:20.677" LastActivityDate="2017-08-19T00:32:28.350" Title="Do NCAA College Football athletes have to provide their own helmets?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|helmet|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16535" CreationDate="2017-07-19T17:41:12.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule looks that way, but from a realistic perspective, he would not, as in all other situations in which a player &quot;catches&quot; a ball in that manner, it is considered a good catch. I do not see an umpire enforcing that rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13411" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T17:41:12.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16545" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16568" CreationDate="2017-07-19T18:32:54.900" Score="2" ViewCount="1953" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a table tennis player goes to serve. They throw the ball but for whatever reason decide not to play it. Instead they catch it with their hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a service fault and therefore a point for the receiver or a let?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13698" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T02:22:34.700" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T02:22:34.700" Title="Is it allowed to throw the ball and then catch it again in a table tennis serve?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-19T18:48:17.180" Score="1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the Astros/Mariners game last night, and I saw this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/Immersionless/status/887490308648439809&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/Immersionless/status/887490308648439809&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on second. I'm curious as to why this wasn't called as a balk. Looking up the balk rules, it appears to fall under the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;while on the rubber, makes a motion associated with his pitch and does&#xA;  not complete the delivery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T04:55:52.087" Title="Why was this not a balk?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16547" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-19T18:51:05.817" Score="1" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking up the balk rules in baseball, I came across this line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;steps or feints from the rubber to first base without completing the throw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why only first base? Why are second and third excluded from this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T18:51:05.817" Title="Why are second and third excluded from balk rule?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16539" CreationDate="2017-07-19T20:32:09.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of shoes designed for running (as opposed to &quot;athletic shoes&quot; generally), the superior shoe is the one that fits your foot and stride best which of course is completely subjective to you.  The first point is fit:  narrow versus wide verus wedge shaped.  Arch height is in there too: low versus high.  The &quot;best&quot; shoe is the one that is designed for what you happen to have.  the second point relates to stability.  Some people pronate more or less than average.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/tag/pronation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.runnersworld.com/tag/pronation&lt;/a&gt;.  Where your heel strikes is a part of your stride that is partially separate from pronation.  Other features to evaluate relate to the surface on which you run, your weight, your sex, your weekly mileage, cushioning you might want or need.  All of those features interact to affect the shoe weight and construction.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a shoe with serious stability to limit over-pronation will be heavier than a shoe with less stability.  If you are not willing to wear the heavier shoe, a lighter version with some stability will not last as long because you will be pronating in the shoe somewhat.  That does not mean one shoe is &quot;better&quot; than the other.  A petite (lighter-weight) runner can use a lighter a shoe in general because the shoe has to hold up less weight even if he or she requires lots of stability.  Going back to fit, Saucony shoes have wider toe boxes and narrower heels than Brooks which are more uniform in width.  Others are known for being narrow.  (I mention Saucony because they fit my female, wedge foot.  I do not know how their shoes for males fit.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, the best way to choose a good pair of running shoes is to go to a store that specializes in running shoes.  The staff there are trained in fitting new runners by evaluating their strides and are familiar with the fit and construction of the different brands.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This little doodad &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.runnersworld.com/shoefinder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.runnersworld.com/shoefinder&lt;/a&gt; goes through many of the features that relate to evaluating, but I still would prefer a fit specialist for at least my first pair.  If you go through the process, you'll see that one of the options is finding a pair that fit like the ones you have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T20:32:09.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16554" CreationDate="2017-07-19T21:09:42.723" Score="4" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal are the only men's majors champions of 2017 so far. 35 year old Federer won the Australian open and Wimbledon, and 31 year old Nadal won the French Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been this trade of dominance by older players in tennis in the recent years. Similarly, the women's side had been dominated by Serena Williams before her maternity leave. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other male top seeds, Andy Murray, Novak Djokovic, and Stan Wawrinka are all 30 years of age or older. Murray and Djokovic are 30, Wawrinka is 32 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one of these top seeds wins the US open, then all grand slams of men's singles in 2017 will be won by players who are at least 30 years old. I'm wondering how many times has this ever happened in the men's and women's singles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="13458" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T11:46:22.253" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T09:06:04.933" Title="How many times all Grand slams of a calendar year were won by players 30 and older?" Tags="|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16550" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-19T21:10:48.767" Score="1" ViewCount="370" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since I've read two different interpretations of this, I'm going to ask a question about the batter's box and the batter's orientation in it prior to the pitch, even if I'm pretty sure I know the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under OBR, it says that a batter's legal position in the box while addressing the pitcher is when both feet are within the lines of the box (the lines themselves being part of the box). So, simply, prior to hitting the pitch, this means the batter cannot even have a toe outside the white chalk lines, correct? I read on some shady site that you just need your foot touching the lines, meaning you can have your toes at least partially outside the lines. However, all other evidence seems to be the contrary. So, must the batter have both feet entirely within the lines, no toes/heels, etc outside the lines? I realize he's able to have a toe outside the line when actually hitting the ball, by the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-21T21:10:20.647" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T22:37:40.413" Title="Question about batter's position in batter's box prior to pitch" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16542" CreationDate="2017-07-20T00:20:26.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt; , the athletes doesn't have to provide or supply their own helmets.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Universities also don't have to buy new helmets all the time and may paint over helmets they already have. And for those who have to buy new one collects money by reselling used one to donors. Not sure about choosing the helmet, many article's on NFL mention player can choose their helmet but found nothing about NCAA. University will buy the helmet and provide it to the athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/helmet-hustle-a-look-at-how-schools-buy-and-sell-pricey-headgear/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS SPORTS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T00:20:26.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16546" CreationDate="2017-07-20T04:55:52.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule you cite appears to cover the situation when the pitcher starts and then stops the pitching motion or completes the motion but does not throw the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not explicit here, but it does not cover the situations where the pitcher begins a motion to throw to another base.  Other rules (such as 6.02(a)(3) and 6.01(a)(4)) cover them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video linked, the pitcher is in position on the rubber, picks up his forward foot, turns, and steps directly toward second base.  This shouldn't be seen as violation of 6.02(a)(1).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feints are specifically mentioned and not disallowed when the motion is to second base, so I see no reason for this to be a balk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T04:55:52.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16553" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16563" CreationDate="2017-07-20T05:55:30.117" Score="0" ViewCount="1761" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: The offensive team has 2nd &amp;amp; 4 at the defensive team's 20 yard line and the defensive team concedes a 5-yard pre-snap penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offensive team moves five yards up the field, but what happens in terms of downs and yards to go? Is it always a 1st &amp;amp; 10, or is there some condition whereunder the down and yards to go &quot;carry over&quot; (i.e. we get 2nd &amp;amp; 4 at the defensive team's 15 yard line)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any difference between NFL, AFL, CFL, NCAA etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13694" LastEditorUserId="13694" LastEditDate="2020-10-06T04:32:33.240" LastActivityDate="2020-10-06T04:32:33.240" Title="Does a penalty yardage greater than the &quot;yards to go&quot; always lead to 1st down in American football?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|cfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16549" CreationDate="2017-07-20T07:33:07.293" Score="5" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Men's side&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tennis#Open_Era&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Open Era&lt;/a&gt; began in 1968, and until 2013, &lt;strong&gt;this only happened in 1969&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That year, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Laver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rod Laver&lt;/a&gt; (born 1938) won the Grand Slam, which means he won all of them: Wimbledon, Australian Open, Roland Garros and US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got to this result by parsing the results in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis28.com/slams/agerecords_winners.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Age of Grand Slam Winners - Open Era&lt;/a&gt; and completing those with List of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Grand Slam men's singles champions&lt;/a&gt;. I added an extra column which contains solely the age (without months) and then did some scripting with it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;$ awk -F&quot;\t&quot; '$6&amp;gt;=30{year[$3]++} END {for (y in year) print y, year[y]}' b | sort -k2 -rn&#xA;1969 4&#xA;2017 3&#xA;1975 2&#xA;1972 2&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 1968, all 4 Grand Slams were won by a player 30 or older (as explained above)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 2017, 3 Grand Slams have been won by a 30+: Roger Federer in Wimbledon and Australian, Rafael Nadal in Roland Garros. &lt;strong&gt;So far&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 1972, Andres Gimeno (34y 10m 1d) won in Roland Garros and Ken Rosewall (37y 2m 1d) won Australian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 1975, 2 of them were won by a 30+: John Newcombe (30y 7m 9d) won in Australian and Arthur Ashe (31y 11m 25d) in Wimbledon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the other years were one player was 30+ when winning a Grand Slam tournament: 1968, 1970, 1971, 1982, 1983, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2015, 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Women's side&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16549/how-many-times-all-grand-slams-of-a-calendar-year-were-won-by-players-30-and-old/16554?noredirect=1#comment26588_16554&quot;&gt;beta's comment&lt;/a&gt; I learnt about the GitHub repository &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_wta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA tennis rankings, results and stats&lt;/a&gt;. In there, we can find data of all WTA tournaments since its creation in 1968. It is beautifully put and has plenty of extra data. I just focused on the Grand Slams and found out that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This only happened in 2015&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That year, Serena Williams (33) won Wimbledon, Roland Garros and Australian Open, while Flavia Pennetta (also 33) won US Open (and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavia_Pennetta#2015:_Career-high_ranking.2C_first_Grand_Slam_title.2C_retirement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;retiring just after that&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these years, two winners were above 30:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1987, Martina Navratilova (30) won Wimbledon and US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, Serena Williams (30) won Wimledon and US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2013, Serena Williams (31) won Roland Garros and US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2014, Serena Williams (32) won US Open and Na Li (31) Australian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the other years were one player was 30+ when winning a Grand Slam tournament: 1985, 1986, 1990, 2016, 2017&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the code I used to process the data:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;awk -F, 'BEGINFILE{&#xA;          gs=0;&#xA;          match(FILENAME, /_([0-9]{4})\./, data);&#xA;          year=data[1]&#xA;         }&#xA;         $5==&quot;G&quot; &amp;amp;&amp;amp; $30==&quot;F&quot; &amp;amp;&amp;amp; ($15&amp;gt;=30) {gs++} # Grand Slam final&#xA;         ENDFILE {&#xA;            if (gs&amp;gt;0) print year, gs&#xA;         }' wta_matches_[0-9]*.csv  | sort -k2 -rn&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which returns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2015 4&#xA;2014 2&#xA;2013 2&#xA;2012 2&#xA;1987 2&#xA;2017 1&#xA;2016 1&#xA;1990 1&#xA;1986 1&#xA;1985 1&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2017-08-08T09:06:04.933" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T09:06:04.933" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16555" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16556" CreationDate="2017-07-20T09:28:15.497" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-06-28/seeding_announced_for_the_championships_2017.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official seeding&lt;/a&gt; for Wimbledon 2017 shows Roger Federer at #3 while &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankDate=2017-07-10&amp;amp;rankRange=0-100&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP ranking&lt;/a&gt; before the tournaments shows him at #5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that all 4 players ahead of Federer participated in the tournament, Roger should not have been the number 5?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T07:52:21.383" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T07:52:21.383" Title="Why Federer was seed #3 at Wimbledon 2017?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16555" CreationDate="2017-07-20T09:40:12.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike the other Grand Slams, Wimblendon's seeds have more elements into consideration together with the ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explained in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/atoz/seeds.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon's Seeds&lt;/a&gt; page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gentlemen's Seeding Formula&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The seeds are the top 32 players on the ATP Ranking list, BUT then rearranged on a surface-based system. Since 2002 a seeding committee has not been required for the Gentlemen’s Singles following an agreement made with the ATP. The seeding order is determined using an objective and transparent system to reflect more accurately an individual player’s grass court achievements. It is based on giving additional credit for grass court performance in the two year period immediately before the date used for seeding for The Championships. The formula is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Take the ATP Ranking points at 26 June 2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Add 100% of the points earned for all grass court tournaments in the immediate past 12 months period prior to 26 June 2017.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Add 75% of the points earned for the best grass court tournament in the 12 months prior to that&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this specific year 2017 we read in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon-2017-seeds-andy-murray-10701351&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon 2017 seeds revealed in full as Andy Murray secures top spot for the first time&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Federer is ranked fifth but his ninth title in Halle last week was enough to earn him the number three seeding ahead of world number two Nadal, who has struggled on grass in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related news: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/wimbledon-seedings-system-explained&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Wimbledon seedings system explained: Novak Djokovic poised to be seeded 1st, Andy Murray 3rd&lt;/a&gt; (from 2014)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T09:40:12.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16553" CreationDate="2017-07-20T10:04:24.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the penalty. Some penalties are automatic first-downs while others are simply yardage. In the case you're speaking, as long as the penalty drawn is not one of the automatic first-down penalties, then 2nd and 4 is possible. Also, there is a difference between NFL and NCAA and furthermore between (American) High School as well in terms of which penalties are worth in terms of yardage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13700" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T10:04:24.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16558" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-20T15:13:24.043" Score="3" ViewCount="4181" Body="&lt;p&gt;For horse racing, betting sites show win and place odds for parimutuel pools before a race starts. In my understanding, calculating place odds requires knowing which runners place, as explained here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://riskingtime.com/2016/07/calculating-payoffs-from-a-parimutuel-pool/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://riskingtime.com/2016/07/calculating-payoffs-from-a-parimutuel-pool/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How then bookies calculate place odds before the off - what's the formula, assuming Australian understanding of place (three horses place if 8+ run, two horses place if 5-7 run).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13702" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T07:51:21.913" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T14:14:34.273" Title="How do bookies calculate parimutuel place odds (in horse racing) shown before a race starts?" Tags="|betting|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-20T17:05:15.323" Score="3" ViewCount="24724" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a 8 Ball Pool game when I potted the black ball it hit the opponents last Coloured ball and it went into a pocket. Who wins the frame?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13703" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T14:24:20.090" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T20:47:29.677" Title="Who wins if an opponent's last ball is pocketed while pocketing the 8-Ball?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16558" CreationDate="2017-07-21T01:03:48.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Parimutuel works by pooling all bets in a given result, then dividing the &lt;em&gt;pool&lt;/em&gt; by the total number of &lt;em&gt;betting units&lt;/em&gt; held in wagers that match the winning result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make calculation easier to work and the customer experience easier to join, one betting unit is often equated to one currency unit (that is, one unit is worth one dollar, and one dollar buys one unit).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since these systems are typically run for profit, the board or company will remove its share of the pool (the &lt;em&gt;vigorish&lt;/em&gt;) prior to paying out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Early bets can swing odds by a long way, because they form a greater proportion of the pool at that time (and we see why this matters later) so the company will often seed the pool with some amount known to be significantly larger than the expected bets. It typically accounts for this seed by removing an equivalent amount later, as part of the vigorish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example will best demonstrate how this system works. Our race will have three runners: A, B, C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A is the favourite and bettors place #50 on the win.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;B is good but less likely, so only #40 are placed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, C is the inconsistent runner that may upset the others, getting #10 bets placed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These bets are pooled giving us a total of #100. The board takes their bit, say 10%, leaving #90 in the pool to be paid out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now consider what happens for each result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if A wins, there is #90 to be paid out across #50 of bets, giving #1.8 as the payout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if B wins, there are only #40 of bets, so 90/40 = #2.25 as the payout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if C wins, there are just #10 to win with, giving 90/10 = #9 as the payout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This calculation can be run at any time from the opening to the closing, and usually is updated every few seconds. This processing is done by a &lt;em&gt;totalisator machine&lt;/em&gt;, often shortened to &lt;em&gt;tote&lt;/em&gt;, and then displayed on TV or computer terminals, or transferred to a website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose we checked the bets earlier, and they had been in a ratio A:B:C of 40:30:5. The payouts at that moment would have been 1.69:2.25:13.5 making the favourite pay better and the outsider a lot longer than it ended up. This is incidentally the advent of fixed-odds bets, where a bettor can take the odds at that exact moment instead of waiting for the close to determine their payout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At last, note that this process does not need to know how many runners are in the race because calculations are based on the units, or how many places are paid out because you can simply invalidate certain payouts, and allows for the combination of several different categories of bet (like say, mixing the wins and the places bets, or the quinella and trifecta bets).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To calculate the parimutuel odds for a place, the result of the above calculation is divided by the number of places available, whether it is one or two or three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-10T05:15:35.027" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T05:15:35.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16572" CreationDate="2017-07-21T10:55:34.070" Score="4" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIA announced in July 2017 that the Halo device will become mandatory for the 2018 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is &lt;em&gt;will this help safety or hinder it&lt;/em&gt;? The concern being that it could affect the driver's vision inducing crashes, not being able to see flags, and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-28T00:29:17.010" LastActivityDate="2017-07-28T04:42:34.320" Title="Will the Halo protection system improve safety in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16553" CreationDate="2017-07-21T15:17:24.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the scenario you mentioned where it is currently 2nd &amp;amp; 4 any penalty that advances the ball 4 or more yards will result in a first down. This happens because the offense just has to get the ball to a certain yard mark for the first down and it doesn’t matter if they get it through plays or penalties.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second part of a question when the ball moves due to a penalty the yards to go will also change with the yardage. The exception being if it gets the team a first down or when it is 1st and 10 and the penalty gives an automatic first down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also this is how it works in all leagues though the yards given for each penalty may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a special case regarding half-the-distance penalties (penalty yardage may never exceed half the distance to the conceding team's goal line). Scenario: Offense has 2nd and 8 at the defensive team's 12 yard line. The defensive team concedes a 10-yard pre-snap penalty. While the penalty is capped at half the distance (12 yards/2 = 6 yards in this case), the &quot;original&quot; penalty was 10 yards. In this case, even though the offense doesn't pass their 8 yard target it's a 1st down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8912" LastEditorUserId="8912" LastEditDate="2017-08-10T17:16:53.117" LastActivityDate="2017-08-10T17:16:53.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2017-07-21T15:45:47.433" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Jersey numbers are allotted randomly to players. What happens is when a new team is formed, players usually don't know/remember everyone's name. So they call out Jersey number during the play.&#xA;Number 10 gained importance due to pele wearing it. Other countries also started giving number 10 to the best player in the team. Slowly it propagated to other games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13710" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T15:45:47.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16576" CreationDate="2017-07-21T17:01:01.240" Score="2" ViewCount="612" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Toulouse&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;France&lt;/em&gt; team with average age of &lt;em&gt;23.91&lt;/em&gt; was the &lt;em&gt;youngest team on pitch for domestic league 2016-17&lt;/em&gt;. Some article claimed &lt;em&gt;Germany&lt;/em&gt; had the most number of team with the lowest average age.  But I'm interested in knowing, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the average age of top five European football leagues for domestic league 2016-2017?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T06:31:13.000" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T06:31:13.000" Title="Average age of top five European football leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18039" CreationDate="2017-07-21T18:27:43.313" Score="3" ViewCount="2098" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in knowing, which &lt;em&gt;Formula 1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;season&lt;/strong&gt; had the most number of &lt;strong&gt;DNF's&lt;/strong&gt; (Did Not Finish)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-25T11:44:31.757" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T08:58:48.643" Title="Formula 1 season with highest number of DNF's?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14209" CreationDate="2017-07-21T18:52:02.003" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpire was correct. Batter /Runner is assumed to have touched first base when he passes by it even if he missed it. When the throw comes late he is not automatically out just because he missed the base. Defensive team must appeal to umpire before batter/runner comes back to touch the base. Then with the ball step on first or tag batter/runner. &quot;Hey ump he missed the bag.&quot;  If on appeal he is called out the run does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13709" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T18:52:02.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16545" CreationDate="2017-07-21T19:47:33.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throw up and catch - Table Tennis Rules&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q:&#xA;If I toss the ball up but I don't serve and catch the ball back,  Is it a fault serve? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A:&#xA;Yes that is your opponent's point.  As soon as you throw the ball up it is in play. - Alois Rosario&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pingskills.com/table-tennis-forum/throw-up-and-catch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.pingskills.com/table-tennis-forum/throw-up-and-catch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13698" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T19:47:33.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16535" CreationDate="2017-07-21T23:02:24.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume you are correct. As long as it's in his glove before it hits the ground, the batter would be out per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_rules.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;6.09 The batter becomes a runner when -- (a) He hits a fair ball; (b) The third strike called by the umpire is not caught, providing (1)&#xA;  first base is unoccupied, or (2) first base is occupied with two out;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there are a few caveats - if there's not a runner on first, under two outs, &lt;em&gt;and the strike was dropped&lt;/em&gt;, the batter would be a runner. However, to keep the catcher from dropping the ball and getting an easy double play by throwing to first, the batter is out if there's a runner on first. If there are two outs, the worry about the easy double play at first is moot, and the batter would also be considered a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="10661" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T18:20:20.123" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:20:20.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16562" CreationDate="2017-07-22T09:03:54.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been many debates on whether &lt;em&gt;HALO&lt;/em&gt; will increase safety or not. From what I could found it will increase safety by &lt;strong&gt;17%&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From FIA presentation on &lt;em&gt;HALO&lt;/em&gt; showed that in every incident in which a driver had suffered a head injury, or had narrowly avoided one, in the last 20 years, the halo was either a positive safety improvement or had a neutral effect. Also allaying the drivers concerns on visibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lewis Hamilton&lt;/strong&gt; view after this presentation:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/36877774&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I take safety very, very seriously. The interesting thing is that while the halo system does not look great or in the racing spirit, the chances are 17% better of saving the driver's life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;But it can still be improved so at some stage we will have canopies and then it will be 100%.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lewis who was criticizing HALO of it's look changed his view after this presentation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;em&gt;statement of the FIA&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2017/7/halo-protection-system-to-be-introduced-for-2018.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;formula1.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having developed and evaluated a large number of devices over the past five years, it had become clear that the Halo presents the best overall safety performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At last &amp;quot;Will the HALO protection system improve safety in F1?&amp;quot; yes it will definitely increase safety to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2622327-fia-needs-to-build-consensus-for-halo-protection-on-formula-1-cars&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bleacher Report&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.halsteadgazette.co.uk/sport/national/15421831.Hello_to_halo_____cockpit_safety_device_on_the_way_to_Formula_One_next_year/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;halsteadgazette&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://f1powernews.com/f1-news/formula-1-halo-will-sport-put-safety-before-style&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;f1powernews&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://willthef1journo.wordpress.com/2016/01/29/anthony-davidson-halos-and-head-protection/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;willthef1journo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/lauda-halo-fia-detroys-popularity-933175/?utm_source=RSS&amp;amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;amp;utm_campaign=RSS-F1&amp;amp;utm_term=News&amp;amp;utm_content=www&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MotorSport&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/racing/2017/07/19/ap-car-f1-driver-safety-halo-device&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sports Illustrated&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-28T04:42:34.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-22T16:43:44.153" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;The riders that competed in the 2016 Tour de France represented 35 different countries. And the riders that are competing in the 2017 Tour de France are from 32 different countries.&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_teams_and_cyclists_in_the_2017_Tour_de_France#By_nationality&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my question is which year Tour de France had competing riders representing most number of countries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T06:29:42.923" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T06:29:42.923" Title="Which year Tour de France had riders from most countries?" Tags="|trivia|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16565" CreationDate="2017-07-22T18:48:25.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a ranking done by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.football-observatory.com/-Rankings-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CIES Football Observatory&lt;/a&gt; manually calculating the result is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;France Ligue 1: 24.1805 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain La Liga: 24.2455 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germany Bundesliga: 24.968 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Italy Serie A: 27.3375 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England Priemier League: 27.857 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will &lt;strong&gt;recalculate&lt;/strong&gt; again to verify. But this result shows France &lt;strong&gt;Ligue 1&lt;/strong&gt; was the league with lowest average on the pitch among Top 5 leagues for 2016/17.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Data table used for calculation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.football-observatory.com/IMG/sites/rk/young/en/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[Source]&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Picture of the table is obtained from &lt;em&gt;CIES Football Observatory&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5FOUC.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5FOUC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ranking 1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tOu7M.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tOu7M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lAi6a.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lAi6a.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WjlFD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WjlFD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;4&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ihLvE.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ihLvE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ybsfv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ybsfv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;6&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T18:48:25.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16550" CreationDate="2017-07-22T19:53:20.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both feet have to be in the batter's box if you swing and make contact with the ball and you have a foot outside of the box on the plate and or over the plate you can be ruled out if and only if the Umpire see this happen as far as your question both feet have to be in the Box for the picture to throw the ball to home plate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13716" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T19:53:20.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16580" CreationDate="2017-07-22T20:27:15.560" Score="6" ViewCount="654" Body="&lt;p&gt;It hasn't always be like this, but these last years, the last stage is not decisive for the victory. The general rankings stay basically the same as the day before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While officially racing in Paris, riders take pictures, drink champagne so this stage is more like a celebration and the stage victory is left to the final sprinters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason for this? Are there some implied rules to let the rankings stable on this day and not try to attack the yellow jersey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-07-15T09:50:46.850" LastActivityDate="2021-07-15T09:50:46.850" Title="Why is the last stage of Le Tour de France &quot;friendly&quot;?" Tags="|rules|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16579" CreationDate="2017-07-22T21:37:32.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply, because there's no point It's a flat stage, so they can't gain time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the different stages, time differences between General Classification contenders tend to be achieved on mountain stages, time-trials or occasionally on flat/rolling stages with severe cross-winds (too much of the stage in in the city for this to be a problem). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On flat stages it's too easy for teams and individual riders to &quot;mark&quot; each other. ie. if the second placed rider in GC attacks, then the GC leader can just cycle along behind him and finish on the same time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Realistically, the GC leader can only lose if there's a severe crash. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only people who will actually be &quot;racing&quot; are people who are trying to win the stage, or possibly people trying to win the points classification if that's close. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So...when there's no chance of winning, why not drink champagne and have fun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T21:37:32.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2017-07-23T01:49:56.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tag plays at the plate would become more difficult and the LH catchers can not put swipe tags down. They have to turn their body to tag instead of having the ball travel to the tag. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13717" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T01:49:56.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-23T16:27:01.553" Score="1" ViewCount="2419" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm asking specifically about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=5409&amp;amp;position=3B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pablo Sandoval&lt;/a&gt;, who signed a five year contract with Boston Red Sox, and is now owed $18 million each for 2018 and 2019, plus the balance of his 2017 salary. He was designated for assignment because 1) he had become a &quot;replacement&quot; player, and 2) he was being paid way too much for a level of performance that a &quot;minimum wage&quot; player called up from the minors could match or exceed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The San Francisco Giants may now want Sandoval back, perhaps on a &quot;trial&quot; basis. Will they have to pick up his expensive contract to rehire him? Can they pay him what they think he's worth and have Boston pick up the difference? Or can they pick up the full contract and dump it back on Boston if they DFA Sandoval themselves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have others in the past elected to play again when (in Sandoval's case) they could collect over $40 million (or some lower amount) over several years while not playing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has happened in these types of situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T07:59:40.580" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T09:02:40.667" Title="What happens when a baseball player is &quot;DFA'ed&quot; and then signs with another team?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|finances|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16590" CreationDate="2017-07-24T12:44:43.973" Score="8" ViewCount="2169" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an International Champions Cup match between Real Madrid and Manchester United, the score was 1-1 after extra time. During kicks from the penalty mark, of 10 kicks taken &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; were missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the highest number of kicks missed in total (&lt;strong&gt;not percentage&lt;/strong&gt;) during kicks from the penalty mark?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T18:36:06.627" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:53:44.543" Title="Highest number of penalties missed in a shoot-out?" Tags="|football|trivia|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16589" CreationDate="2017-07-24T12:57:38.877" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taken from the excellent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/penalties.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Penalty Shootout Trivia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In amateur and youth matches probably quite different records have been set; one particular instance went over the world in January 1998: a match for the Derby's Community Cup, a competition for nine and ten years old children, between &lt;strong&gt;Mickleover Lightning Blue Sox&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Chellaston Boys&lt;/strong&gt; finished 1-1, and the Blue Sox won the shootout 2-1, but not until 66 penalties had been taken, an &quot;efficiency&quot; of 4,5%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that 66 - 2 - 1 = &lt;strong&gt;63&lt;/strong&gt; penalties were missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &quot;Least Effective Penalty Takers&quot; section of that page we see other cases were 9 penalties were missed since the final score was 2-1 after &lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt; penalties:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An equally low rate was achieved in the shootout deciding the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesf/fincuphist.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Finnish Cup final of 1985&lt;/a&gt;. It was played between &lt;strong&gt;Haka of Valkeakoski&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;HJK of Helsinki&lt;/strong&gt;, and had finished 2-2 after extra time. The keepers involved were Huttunen of Haka and Palmroos of HJK, who each got to take a penalty in the sequence of 12. Huttunen made the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The worst shootout in the Copa Libertadores was an equally poor affair. In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/copa90.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt; semifinal, &lt;strong&gt;Olimpia&lt;/strong&gt; had lost 2-3 at home to &lt;strong&gt;Atlético Nacional&lt;/strong&gt; after having won the &quot;away&quot; match 2-1 (that first leg was played in Santiago de Chile since the Colombian team were banned from playing at home). The away goals rule not being applied in the Copa Libertadores, and no extra time being played, the teams went straight to the penalty shootout; Nacional's keeper Higuita held 4 out of 6 shots, but his counterpart Almeida emerged victorious, in spite of setting a bad example for his team's penalty takers - like Higuita:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The same rate of 25,0% was &quot;reached&quot; after the final of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesz/zaf98.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;South African League Cup in 1998&lt;/a&gt; between &lt;strong&gt;Kaizer Chiefs&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Mamelodi Sundowns&lt;/strong&gt;, who had drawn 2-2 after extra time (1-1 after 90 minutes). Kaizer won 2-1 on penalties after 12 spot kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T13:14:48.117" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T13:14:48.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16559" CreationDate="2017-07-24T13:50:24.050" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3818/1723&quot;&gt;multiple official rule books&lt;/a&gt; for 8-Ball.  However, I believe that &lt;a href=&quot;http://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://media.poolplayers.com/TMRB/Rules-Booklet-English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;APA&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://vnea.com/8-ball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VNEA&lt;/a&gt; rules all agree on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the 8-ball pocket was called correctly, and that the 8-Ball was the first ball contacted by the cue ball, and that no other fouls were committed, it doesn't matter that the opponent's ball was struck and pocketed by the 8-ball.  The shooter wins the rack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T13:50:24.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2017-07-24T14:05:50.587" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This should not be the case. If one run is needed and one wicket left and bowler bowls a wide and batsman gets out stamped on the same ball. Result is one run added to batting team and simultaneously losing the last wicket. A team has to win by at least wicket when the match is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13726" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T14:05:50.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16501" CreationDate="2017-07-24T15:43:24.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official Best Climber Competition started in 1933. There was an unofficial ranking from 1905 to 1932 by the magazine Auto, but I couln't find these data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1966, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Aimar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucien Aimar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (France) didn't even make it to the Best Climber Classification, scoring 0 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1987, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Roche&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stephen Roche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Ireland) also scored 0 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Sources: Wikipedia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bikeraceinfo.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bikeraceinfo.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.the-sports.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the-sports.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2020-09-22T13:36:09.980" LastActivityDate="2020-09-22T13:36:09.980" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16596" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-24T20:32:41.773" Score="5" ViewCount="3501" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us assume a hypothetical situation in an MLB game. A pitcher gets to a 2-2 count against the batter. Then the pitcher leaves the game - perhaps he sustains an injury while delivering a pitch, or is ejected by an umpire. In this case, the offense is allowed to substitute a new pitcher during the at-bat because the old pitcher left due to injury or ejection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which pitcher is credited with the result of the at-bat? Does it matter what the count is? Clearly if the batter hits a home run that is the responsibility of the new pitcher, but if the batter walks after going 3-0, would the new pitcher be credited with the walk after the first pitcher put him in the hole? Same with 0-2 and getting a strikeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do the official MLB rules say about this? Section 5.10 covers substitutions including some pitcher-specific rules, but I cannot find anything about during an at-bat. Section 9.16 is pretty thorough with regards to swapping pitchers between batters in ERA calculations, but I have been unable to find anything about pitching statistics where a single batter faces two pitchers during a single at-bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7692" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T04:53:52.203" Title="If two pitchers pitch to the same batter, who is credited with the result of the at-bat?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16596" CreationDate="2017-07-24T21:03:43.100" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You needed to look in rule 9.16(h). Rule 9 deals with the official scoring of MLB games.  So based on the official rules at &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mlb.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(h) A relief pitcher shall not be held accountable when the first&#xA;   batter to whom he pitches reaches first base on four called balls if such batter has a decided advantage in the ball and strike count when pitchers are changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(1) If, when pitchers are changed, the count is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;     2 balls, no strike,&#xA;     2 balls, 1 strike,&#xA;     3 balls, no strike, &#xA;     3 balls, 1 strike,&#xA;     3 balls, 2 strikes,&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;and the batter gets a base on balls, the official scorer shall charge that &#xA;            batter and the base on balls to the preceding pitcher, not to the relief &#xA;            pitcher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(2) Any other action by such batter, such as reaching base on a hit, an  error, a fielder’s choice, a force-out, or being&#xA;     touched by a pitched ball,  shall cause such a batter to be charged to&#xA;     the relief pitcher.   Rule 10.16(h) Comment: The provisions of Rule&#xA;     10.16(h)(2) shall not be  construed as affecting or conflicting with the provisions of Rule 10.16(g).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(3) If, when pitchers are changed, the count is 2 balls, 2 strikes, 1&#xA;     ball, 2 strikes, 1 ball, 1 strike, 1 ball, no strike, no ball, 2&#xA;     strikes, no ball, 1 strike, the official scorer shall charge that&#xA;     batter and the actions of that batter  to the relief pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13456" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-06-08T04:53:52.203" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T04:53:52.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16579" CreationDate="2017-07-25T12:26:34.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Niall's good answer, I'd say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A specific rule of this step says that, because of the slippery pavement of the Champs-Elysées, when the weather is wet, race commissaries can decide that time will stay still at the first time riders go through the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This rule can also be applied at the n-th lap if the wet weather occurs later in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The specifics of this step create conditions much in favour of the peloton than isolated breakaway riders. At some point, a peloton can reach a speed close to 70 km/h (in the slightly descending part of the avenue). On the other part, the speed is still high, around 50 km/h, which is still hard to maintain for a lonely rider for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T12:26:34.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14185" CreationDate="2017-07-25T12:39:56.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When rules didn't specify that the rider had to finish the Tour, the Climber Jersey was awarded to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Tour_de_France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Félicien Vervaecke (1937)&lt;/a&gt; even when he didn't finish the tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After the last mountain in the fifteenth stage, the [mountain] classification was won by Félicien Vervaecke. Vervaecke did not finish the Tour, but in 1937 that was not needed to win the mountains classification.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;Source: Wikipedia&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T14:03:49.677" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T14:03:49.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16601" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16602" CreationDate="2017-07-25T12:40:46.380" Score="2" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowler bowled a bouncer ball, main umpire signals it as &lt;strong&gt;Wide ball&lt;/strong&gt;. When I left the crease to have a discussion, with the ball in keeper's hand bails come off. Is this considered out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13736" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T14:21:51.687" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T14:21:51.687" Title="Run out on wide ball after the ball settled in keepers hand" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16601" CreationDate="2017-07-25T13:15:14.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this considered out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What did the umpire say? :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More seriously, you need to refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Ball is dead&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The ball becomes dead when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) it is finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) The ball shall be considered to be dead when it is clear to the bowler’s end umpire that the fielding side and both batsmen at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Ball finally settled&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the ball is finally settled or not is a matter for the umpire alone to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practically, the question pretty much comes down to whether there was any deception on the part of the fielding side or not - if they made it clear that the play was over (for example by throwing the ball around, shining it, etc), then 23.1(b) applies, the ball is dead and the batsman cannot be dismissed. If the keeper just kept the ball and waited for you to wander out of your crease, that's fair game. As 23.2 makes clear, it's for the umpire to judge what happens here. Nothing here matters if it was a wide or not - the ball explicitly does not become dead on a call of wide; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-25-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 25.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball does not become dead on the call of Wide ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly the most famous incident of this type is when &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-india-2011/content/story/525477.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ian Bell was run out while walking off for tea in 2011&lt;/a&gt;. In that case, the Indian team decided to withdraw the appeal, but that doesn't really affect things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T13:29:44.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5307" CreationDate="2017-07-25T17:47:17.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/features/newsid_3625000/3625559.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt; article confirms that Hawk-eye can track any types of bounce, spin, swing and seam with 99.99% accuracy. So, it's basically a hawk-eye that is used to calculate cricket ball's swing instantly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T18:16:58.670" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T18:16:58.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16319" CreationDate="2017-07-25T18:16:00.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the accepted answer, 8 runs scored off the bat has also happened in a Namibia Under-19s v North West Under-19s match at Port Elizabeth on Dec 17, 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8712/commentary/945823/Namibia-Under-19s-vs-North-West-Under-19s--Coca-Cola-Khaya-Majola-Week?filter=full&amp;amp;innings=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: Over 15.6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Davin to Senokwane, 8 runs,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T18:24:21.123" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T18:24:21.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14290" CreationDate="2017-07-25T19:03:51.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ODI cricket the highest lowest individual score in an all-out innings is &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;, obtained twice: by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13458/scorecard/424849/Zimbabwe-vs-Kenya-1st-ODI-Kenya-tour-of-Zimbabwe-2009-10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kenya against Zimbabwe in 2009&lt;/a&gt; (Kenya lost by 91 runs) and by &lt;a href=&quot;http://audiodata.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC83/GROUP-B/IND_AUS_WC83_ODI23_20JUN1983.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India against Australia in 1983&lt;/a&gt; (India won by 118 runs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In T20I cricket, it's &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/951321/Afghanistan-vs-Zimbabwe-9th-Match,-First-Round-Group-B-World-T20-2015-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zimbabwe against Afghanistan in 2016&lt;/a&gt; (Zimbabwe lost by 59 runs) and by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8604/scorecard/356013/New-Zealand-vs-Sri-Lanka-23rd-Match,-Group-F-ICC-World-Twenty20-2009&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New Zealand against Sri Lanka in 2009&lt;/a&gt; (New Zealand lost by 48 runs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first class cricket it's &lt;strong&gt;22&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://audiodata.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1900S/1907/ENG_LOCAL/CC/LEICS_YORKS_CC_27-29JUN1907.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yorkshire against Leicestershire in 1907&lt;/a&gt; in the 1st innings (match drawn).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In List A cricket it's &lt;strong&gt;10&lt;/strong&gt;: Brothers Union against &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8738/scorecard/682263/Abahani-Limited-vs-Brothers-Union--Dhaka-Premier-Division-2013-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abahani Limited in 2013&lt;/a&gt; (Brothers Union lost by 27 runs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In T20 cricket it's &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; on four occasions: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8803/scorecard/342329/Centrals-vs-Easterns-(Zimbabwe)--Metropolitan-Bank-Twenty20-2007-08&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/engine/match/298387.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8053/scorecard/225303/Lancashire-vs-Derbyshire--Twenty20-Cup-2006&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8661/scorecard/902097/Saurashtra-vs-Tripura-Group-B-Syed-Mushtaq-Ali-Trophy-2015-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T19:03:51.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13524" CreationDate="2017-07-25T19:11:26.020" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/county-cricket-2017/content/story/1070189.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is a good story of how a county team used 'Moneyball' to win a T20 tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T19:11:26.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4685" CreationDate="2017-07-25T19:37:21.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since OP specified T20 cricket (rather than just T20I) the first ever maiden over was bowled by Ian Hunter on 13 June 2003 whose figures were 4-1-21-1 for &lt;a href=&quot;https://pcboard.com.pk/Nottinghamshire/Scorecards/77/77122.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Durham vs. Nottinghamshire&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T19:37:21.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16611" CreationDate="2017-07-25T20:04:26.690" Score="0" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are having a baseball game with ~20 friends and are using a school's baseball field. Anyone is allowed to use the field. However, it is all grass and doesn't have any chalk lines. Is there anyway to easily make some chalk lines? Doesn't have to be chalk, just some way to mark the lines. I appreciate any ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13741" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T17:10:42.030" Title="Ways to chalk a grass baseball field?" Tags="|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14291" CreationDate="2017-07-25T20:50:42.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Test: &lt;strong&gt;61&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12674/scorecard/535999/India-vs-West-Indies-3rd-Test-West-Indies-tour-of-India-2011-12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Indies 1st innings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ODI: &lt;strong&gt;30&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11852/scorecard/657637/Pakistan-vs-Sri-Lanka-1st-ODI-Sri-Lanka-tour-of-United-Arab-Emirates-2013-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T20I: &lt;strong&gt;16&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11215/scorecard/902649/England-vs-Pakistan-1st-T20I-England-tour-of-United-Arab-Emirates-2015-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pakistan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First class: &lt;strong&gt;73&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1951-52/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/BENG_ASSAM_RJI_24-26JAN1952.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bengal 1st innings&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8470/game/465502/Mumbai-vs-Rest-of-India--Irani-Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rest of India 1st innings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;List A: &lt;strong&gt;48&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8880/scorecard/580795/Northern-Districts-vs-Central-Districts--The-Ford-Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Northern Districts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T20: &lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pcb.com.pk/abnamro-twenty20-cup-200506/match/12904.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multan Tigers&lt;/a&gt; and &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8053/scorecard/225319/Essex-vs-Kent--Twenty20-Cup-2006&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T20:50:42.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8642" CreationDate="2017-07-25T21:52:22.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the answers above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First class: &lt;strong&gt;326&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/117935.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List A&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;193&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284198.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;T20&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;132&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastEditorUserId="13385" LastEditDate="2019-03-23T13:19:48.783" LastActivityDate="2019-03-23T13:19:48.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16608" CreationDate="2017-07-25T23:07:00.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have a can of spray paint that can work great and is pretty quick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13666" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T23:07:00.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-26T07:13:49.627" Score="2" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering whether in football one can move the ball through the pitch in an unconventional way, namely by holding it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on his forehead &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between his head and shoulder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between calf and thigh while jumping towards the goal by one foot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these things allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13744" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T17:37:16.923" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T21:26:04.920" Title="Can a player move the ball through the pitch while holding it tightly near his body in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-07-30T21:17:16.830" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16616" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-26T07:21:21.613" Score="1" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can any one tell me which was the first match where the first time numbers were printed on jersey, for all domestic and international including men and women. As I am so curious to know about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13745" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T09:48:19.427" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T18:34:14.520" Title="First match with numbers on jersey" Tags="|cricket|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16617" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-26T09:29:57.867" Score="7" ViewCount="26221" Body="&lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper cannot handle the ball if a teammate passes ball to them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But can the goalkeeper take the ball into their hands if it is deflected from the leg? Also, can they take the ball in their hands from a teammate's throw-in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13746" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T19:39:00.560" LastActivityDate="2020-03-12T21:22:58.347" Title="When can a goalkeeper take the ball into their hands?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2017-07-26T13:10:37.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper cannot pick the ball up when it has been intentionally passed back to them, except via the head or chest. They also cannot drop the ball from their hands and then handle it again before anyone else has touched it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-12---fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fouls and misconduct (thefa.com)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6379" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T15:39:23.730" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T15:39:23.730" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2017-07-26T14:23:08.137" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is deflected from the leg truly accidentally (and is seen as so by the official) then it is okay for the keeper to use his/her hands. A keeper can only use his/her hands to pick up the ball if the the ball has been passed by a teammate via their head or chest. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The keeper cannot pick up the ball directly off of a friendly throw in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13700" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T14:23:08.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4146" CreationDate="2017-07-26T14:36:34.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try a thin layer of black charcoal dry lubricant (Home Depot has them in a spray can.), test it and see if it's slippery enough (it would not smear after it drys in 3-5 min. Tape/cover the areas you don't want to cover. Use it on the black side only or your want the red side to turn black. To remove wipe with WD40, it will be a bit messy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13748" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T14:36:34.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2017-07-26T16:37:41.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your two questions will be answered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB laws of the game&lt;/a&gt; Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can he take the ball if the ball is deflected from the leg?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Concerned rule:&#xA;  Goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deliberate being the key word. Since, the ball &lt;em&gt;deflected from the leg is not deliberate&lt;/em&gt;. He &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; take the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can he take the ball if a team mate does the throw in to the goalkeeper? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Concerned rule:&#xA;  Goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case he &lt;strong&gt;can't&lt;/strong&gt; take the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doing the things mentioned in rules will result in an &lt;strong&gt;indirect free kick&lt;/strong&gt; for opposite team, when goalkeeper is inside his own penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/In-soccer-where-can-the-goalie-use-his-hands-on-the-ball#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-31T01:14:05.493" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T01:14:05.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16608" CreationDate="2017-07-26T17:10:42.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To follow up on what we did to solve this, we got a roll of white duct tape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantage was that it is temporary and can be removed so we weren't &quot;damaging school property&quot;.The disadvantage is that it gets shifted or destroyed as people run on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for anyone interested, its a relatively cheap and very visible, but temporary solution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13741" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T17:10:42.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16616" CreationDate="2017-07-26T18:24:20.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was difficult to find since numbering had little to no guidelines in early cricket and as a result probably wasn't recorded, however it appears the first recorded game of &lt;em&gt;International Cricket&lt;/em&gt; to have numbered players was the 1995/1996 &lt;em&gt;World Series&lt;/em&gt;. See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/209641.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ODI/T20 Number History&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/nz/engine/series/60978.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995/1996 World Series Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, the first &lt;em&gt;World Cup&lt;/em&gt; to have numbered players was in 1999. Although the first &lt;em&gt;World Cup&lt;/em&gt; to ever occur was in 1992, they did not initially number players because they did not want to copy football. The 1999 World Cup is often considered the first official numbering of cricket players instead of the 1995/1996 World Series. See: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61046.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another note is that the first test players, who may not have had a number on their jerseys, but are still numbered as a test player (in records) are Tom Armitage of England and Charles Bannerman of Australia on March 15, 1877. Bannerman is often more well known because he faced the first ball ever bowled in Test cricket and also scored the first run in Test cricket. To clarify, they are not actual numbers on a jersey, just test cricketer 1, 2 and so on. See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17735/coverage/62396/Australia-vs-England-1st-Test-England-tour-of-Australia-1876-77&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st Test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13741" LastEditorUserId="13741" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T18:34:14.520" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T18:34:14.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16796" CreationDate="2017-07-26T21:19:05.763" Score="3" ViewCount="1889" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the recent announcement by the NHL that there will not be a break in the season for the Olympics so that players can attend, I was wondering how soccer players (of all professional leagues) compete in the World Cup, or other major FIFA competitions without a complaint from their managers and leagues. In most cases professional seasons have breaks in them for players to compete in the World Cup or World Cup Qualifiers. In some cases, (for example with the MLS and the CONCACAF Gold Cup) there isn't even a break in the schedule but most players compete for their countries rather then their teams anyways.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'm curious:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is this?        &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do Soccer Leagues have less control over their players then the NHL does?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it just too big of a tradition to break?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maybe there is complaint that I'm just not aware of?   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or something else?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10685" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-21T12:14:28.563" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T12:14:28.563" Title="Why is it that players of professional soccer leagues play in the FIFA World cup and other competitions without complaint from their managers/leagues?" Tags="|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16615" CreationDate="2017-07-26T21:26:04.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think - without scanning the rules myself - that gdrt's reply hits the target: those &quot;tricks&quot; are not effective, so there is no need to exclude them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My contribution is twofold:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One, if someone found a clever trick allowing to &quot;carry&quot; the ball, just about as easy as carrying it by hand, it almost surely would soon be forbidden in the rules. The spirit of the sport is quite clear, you do not carry the ball (that would be rugby-like, and they split long ago).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two, &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; tricks are allowed. Namely, Cuauhtemoc Blanco's jump with the ball between his feet. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5SB-L8jpbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(see at YouTube - 1 minute)&lt;/a&gt; But, there it is, it is not something you would do more than one hop, surely not all the way down the field...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="777" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T21:26:04.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16510" CreationDate="2017-07-26T21:46:14.190" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the minor leagues it was done once by &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/190635-ron-neccai-27-strikeouts-in-nine-inning-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ron Necciai&lt;/a&gt; in 1952, who struck out 27 batters in a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13750" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-27T02:55:21.387" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T02:55:21.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16447" CreationDate="2017-07-26T21:48:54.527" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bunt home run is impossible, because if there is slew of errors that allows the runner to run around the bases, it's considered a single(or out or whatever) with advancements due to errors.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13751" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T21:48:54.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15230" CreationDate="2017-07-26T22:05:35.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no award with the same amount of prestige given to a bench player. This is because in most other sports, the starters are in for the whole game, like in football or baseball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest thing is the Major League Baseball Reliever of the Year award in baseball. Because they both kind of mean which player had the biggest impact on a team even though they didn't start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/aw_snfi.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Almanac&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13752" LastEditorUserId="13752" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T20:04:39.093" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T20:04:39.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18074" CreationDate="2017-07-27T05:17:21.910" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Justin Smoke and Kendrys Morals of Toronto Blue Jays hit back to back home runs in the 9th inning against the Oakland Athletics on July 26 2017. Smoke's HR tied the game, and on the next pitch Morals hit a walk off home run to complete the comeback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times in the history of the MLB a team won on a back to back game tying and game winning home runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T02:54:48.693" Title="Back to back game tying and game winning walk off home run" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|home-run|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18491" CreationDate="2017-07-27T05:24:18.413" Score="3" ViewCount="943" Body="&lt;p&gt;Related to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16630/back-to-back-game-tying-and-game-winning-walk-off-home-run&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, I'm wondering how many times in MLB history a team has hit home runs on consecutive pitches. That is 2, 3, or 4 home runs in as many pitches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please provide the team, date and players hitting the homers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-06-25T17:58:03.767" Title="Home runs on back to back pitches" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|home-run|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16907" CreationDate="2017-07-27T17:06:32.390" Score="4" ViewCount="2144" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the highest number of own-goals scored in a football game for both teams combined, excluding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Adema_149%E2%80%930_SO_l%27Emyrne&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stade Olympique de L'Emyrne(SOL)'s &lt;strong&gt;149&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;deliberate&lt;/em&gt; own-goals&lt;/a&gt; against AS Adema.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2814892/Indonesian-sides-score-five-goals-final-four-minutes-match.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indonesian side PSS Sleman beating PSIS Semarang 3-2&lt;/a&gt; all of them being &lt;em&gt;deliberate&lt;/em&gt; own-goals as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Biggest one I have found so far is Catania's 4 own-goals when losing 5-0 to Internazionale (Inter Milan) making &lt;em&gt;combined 4 own-goals&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/feb/22/knowledge-team-own-goals-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_HljQgt1zU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-07T11:16:36.327" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T16:27:08.693" Title="Highest number of own-goals scored in a game for both teams in football" Tags="|football|trivia|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16488" CreationDate="2017-07-27T18:42:56.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Further to this, it is also known from F1 marshals briefings that the reason that they never publish the allowed tolerances as it is clear that teams would try to preempt this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The example is, for example, that the 5-lights to lights-out time is (I think, but for example it doesn't matter) 0.8-3 seconds. If you got to two seconds, and the response time was 0.5 seconds, drivers may take the risk of pulling off before lights out to gain an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This probably is what happened with Bottas in Austria, that he did jump the reaction but coincidentally timed it perfectly. The lucky start will happen occasionally, but rarely deliberately! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13757" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T18:42:56.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16637" CreationDate="2017-07-28T02:44:42.620" Score="5" ViewCount="5683" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any goals scored by a referee in a football match, meaning that a shot was rebounded from a referee and hit the target?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb29qyqeEH0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this goal&lt;/a&gt; scored in the 80's in Brazilian league from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14447/12991&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, but I am looking for goals that were scored more recently and also probably in the matches that had high importance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-29T14:41:43.417" LastActivityDate="2017-07-29T14:41:43.417" Title="Are there any goals scored by a referee?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16636" CreationDate="2017-07-28T06:14:01.903" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure about the word high importance but only incident I have found so far in a football is, a referee &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1760290.stm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brian Savill&lt;/a&gt; intentionally scored for a team losing 18-1 which final result was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-81772757/brian-savill-resigned-after-the-fa-frowned-on-him&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;20-2&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As the ball came off a player's head, he volleyed it into the back of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another incident of referee scoring goal is from Turkey 1986 for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mackolik.com/Mac/331851/Ankaragucu-Besiktas&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ankaragucu against Besiktas&lt;/a&gt; resulting in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJARR76lylE&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=18s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A.Gücü 1-0 BJK&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not a goal but assist in UEFA Cup 1995/1996 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.coupe.bordeaux.ac-milan.13492.en.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bordeaux vs. AC Milan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/T90u5cS0sv0?t=1m43s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There hasn't been much goal from referee and it may have something to do with positioning of referee also. The video you linked shows referee staying in post for corner but now the referee don't stay near the post for corner. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_5_the_referee_en_47411.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x0YP2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ref positioning&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-07-29T14:34:44.203" LastActivityDate="2017-07-29T14:34:44.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16639" CreationDate="2017-07-28T06:29:40.227" Score="3" ViewCount="4518" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the odds of seeing at least one grand slam for any MLB baseball game? That is if I go to a baseball game what is the percentage chance (expected value) I'll witness a grand slam?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T03:45:11.130" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T19:18:26.540" Title="What are the odds of seeing a grand slam in baseball" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16638" CreationDate="2017-07-28T07:44:16.193" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Offensive statistics rise and fall over time.  So to make things easier, I'm just going to look at figures since 2001.  (2000 seems to be a bit of an outlier)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/hitting/higs5.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Almanac&lt;/a&gt; has grand slam totals for MLB by league over the years, but only through 2013.  I didn't find a free reference for the stats after that time. Unfortunately the figures dip a bit in the 2011-2013 range, which may be part of a trend that is partially hidden by not having more recent data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2001 - 2013 seasons, there were a total of 1596 grand slams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/bat.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt;, we can see that each individual team plays about 4860 games each year, or about 63180 games in total.  But there are two teams competing at each game, so just under 31600 competitions in that time.  (Bryan Turriff pointed out that I had forgotten that you're watching two teams at a time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives a 5.0% chance of seeing a grand slam in any random MLB game with similar offensive output.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Philip Kendall noted, this gives us the expectation of grand slams per game.  But it is too high if you are simply interested in the chance of seeing a game with at least one slam (since some games may have multiple slams).  Fortunately the first reference (Baseball Almanac) lists all games with multiple grand slams, so this can be checked.  For the 13 years in question, there were only 15 slams hit in a game that already had one.  Removing those 15 slams changes the figure only in hundredths of a percent, so 5.0% is still a reasonable rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-09-28T19:18:26.540" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T19:18:26.540" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16700" CreationDate="2017-07-28T14:26:58.410" Score="2" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stoke City goalkeeper &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2743245/Asmir-Begovic-world-beater-Stoke-keeper-s-goal-92-metres-officially-named-longest-goal-scored-football.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Asmir Begovic's 91.9 metres (301ft 6in)&lt;/a&gt; goal against Southampton is the longest goal scored in the Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is the longest goal scored in other top European leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-06T20:33:41.237" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T12:31:42.610" Title="Longest distance to goal for top 5 European league?" Tags="|football|trivia|la-liga|serie-a|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17032" CreationDate="2017-07-28T22:22:30.713" Score="4" ViewCount="6263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that when you start a match, you spin the racket or toss a coin and decide who serves first and who goes on what side. If you finish a set that's not a multiple of 4, say 6-3, does the person who served last now receives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Person A serves first on side 1. They keep on playing. Say A wins the set 6-3. A served in the last set on side 1. In the next set, do they swap sides and Person B serves on side 1 or does A serve again on side 1 like the start the first set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure it's the first option but when I play some people say you spin the racket again or start again like a new set. When they do it my way, they get confused when to swap sides because the rely on the number of games played, and they don't count the first set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13762" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-25T05:10:26.810" LastActivityDate="2022-12-31T13:55:15.150" Title="How does the serving and swapping side cycle work after the first set?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16645" CreationDate="2017-07-29T05:02:10.370" Score="2" ViewCount="993" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Final Match of Women's Cricket World cup, Indian player got dismissed for LBW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then she applied for review, but umpire disapproved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From commentator box: Umpire didn't approve because she didn't apply for review within 15 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any time limit for players to apply for review?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13763" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-29T05:17:05.423" LastActivityDate="2017-07-29T05:30:52.697" Title="Is there any time limit for players to apply for review?" Tags="|rules|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16644" CreationDate="2017-07-29T05:30:52.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a matter of fact there is time limit to apply for review. &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.icc-cricket.com/ugc/documents/DOC_988F9785FD768E4902737F0ACA2E856B_1352699266080_719.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Standard One-day international match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; APPENDIX 7: Decision Review System (DRS) - Playing Conditions states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 PLAYER REVIEW&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.2 The manner of requesting the Player Review&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) The total time elapsed between the ball becoming dead and the review request being made should be no more than 15 seconds. Only exception permitted is when an Umpire Review of a fair catch or bump ball. The on-field umpire should provide the player with a prompt after 10 seconds if the request has not been made at that time and the player should request the review immediately thereafter. If the umpires believe that a request has not been made within the 15 second time frame, they will decline to review the decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpire may have felt the decision was not made within 15 seconds and declined the review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-29T05:30:52.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16813" CreationDate="2017-07-29T16:33:31.670" Score="5" ViewCount="1352" Body="&lt;p&gt;Counter-attacking is one of the most used playing strategies in football. After searching for history of this style of play I came across &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_tactics_and_skills#The_quick_counter-attack&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-keith-newton-1165687.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Independent&lt;/a&gt; articles which mention the first use of counter-attack in football may have come from England's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Newton_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Keith Newton&lt;/a&gt; in 1970 World Cup quarter-final match against Germany, where he has set up goals for Alan Mullery and Martin Peters. So, my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the aforementioned match the first one to use the counter-attacking style of play? And if not, which one was it and when did it take place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T15:39:10.397" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T15:39:10.397" Title="Origin of Counter-attacking style of play in football?" Tags="|football|history|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16675" CreationDate="2017-07-29T17:03:33.273" Score="3" ViewCount="642" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an recent International Champions Cup match between Chelsea and Inter Milan, Inter's &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/awQP4qtv44Q?t=598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Geoffrey Kondogbia&lt;/a&gt; scored 45-yard own goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the longest own-goal ever scored? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-03T15:42:26.660" Title="Which is the longest own-goal in football?" Tags="|football|trivia|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16649" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-30T02:39:23.150" Score="1" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neymar’s release clause at Barcelona has been increased to €222 million (£192.5m).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cost of buying the Brazilian out of his contract has been automatically raised as part of his current deal at Camp Nou.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When putting pen to paper in October 2016, Barca inserted a €200m buy-out clause in Neymar’s terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having sought to price Neymar out of the current market, his release clause will be nudged up again to €250m in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what stops a club from putting an absurd release clause amount on a players contract?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13768" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-02T12:39:35.310" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T12:46:26.080" Title="European Football release clause amount" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16649" CreationDate="2017-07-30T07:06:56.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What stops a club from putting an absurd release clause amount on a&#xA;players contract?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nothing, except the player himself (or his agent).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The value of the release clause of a player is proportional to the unwillingness of the club to sell the player in the future. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bbc.com/sport/football/31106579&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in an interview to the BBC,&lt;/a&gt; Cristiano Ronaldo's agent Jorge Mendes said that Ronaldo's release clause from Real Madrid was &lt;strong&gt;1 billion euros!&lt;/strong&gt; Which essentially means that at the time of signing that contract neither Real Madrid nor Cristiano Ronaldo were considering any possible transfer negotiations with other clubs during his contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The release clauses can be absurdly high, but then if the club declines any transfer offers (despite the will of the player) below the release clause, then the players that wanted to be transferred may get angry and wait till the end of their contracts and then would go for free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The less years there are left in the contract of a player to play for his club, the less is the &lt;em&gt;power&lt;/em&gt; of the release clause. Why? Because, if a club declines transfer offers below the release clause when the player's contract is due soon, eventually, a player may leave his current club for free when his contract will expire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb for the club is when defining the release clause is to make it high enough, in order to create a room for possible future transfer negotiations, but also keeping in mind that players' agents will not agree to the extremely large release clauses if the player himself may consider in the future leaving the club during his contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T12:46:26.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-30T14:08:17.540" Score="2" ViewCount="5651" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there a minimum number of ATP 250 tournaments top 50 players must play each year?  Also, do the players select the ATP 250 tournaments they wish to play in, or are the tournaments assigned to the players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13772" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-30T15:09:58.350" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T06:49:08.173" Title="How do top ranked tennis players choose ATP 250 tournaments?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16653" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-30T15:41:06.903" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brett Gardner hit a walk off home run against Tampa and the next game lead of with a home run.  Was this ever done before by any other player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13773" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-30T16:05:16.650" LastActivityDate="2017-07-30T17:47:51.460" Title="Was Brett Gardner first MLB player to hit consecutive walk-off home run and lead off home run?" Tags="|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16653" CreationDate="2017-07-30T16:18:05.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, it has been done by many players though not sure how many times in MLB history. And &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/elias-says/post/_/id/1277/elias-says-july-29-2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brett Gardner became the third player in Yankees history&lt;/a&gt; to hit a home run leading off the game, the game after hitting a walk-off home run. Hall of Famer Joe Gordon did it in 1940 and Roberto Kelly in 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-07-30T17:47:51.460" LastActivityDate="2017-07-30T17:47:51.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16655" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16665" CreationDate="2017-07-30T21:52:31.210" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;Steve Pearce of Toronto Blue Jays hit game winning grand slam walk offs on July 27th and 30th 2017 against Oakland Athletics and Los Angeles Angels respectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a 3 days span between Pearce's slams, is this the shortest time between 2 grand slam walk offs in MLB history? If not who has this record?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T02:22:07.560" Title="Shortest time between grand slam walk offs" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|records|home-run|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2017-07-31T00:22:08.780" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 2 - Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt; outlines when a goalkeeper may not deliberately handle the ball&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; in their own penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty area, commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;touches the ball with the hands after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;releasing it and before it has touched another player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it has been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question begins with the assumption that the goalkeeper may not deliberately handle the ball after it is passed to them by a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not entirely correct, as the goalkeeper may in fact deliberately handle the ball after it is passed to them by a teammate. The only time they may not do so is when that pass is a kick (i.e. played with the foot). Headed passes, and passes with the chest, knee, thigh etc. are able to be handled legally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A deflection from the leg is legal for the goalkeeper to handle for two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firstly, if it is a deflection, it has not been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper. (This is also the case for deflections off the foot.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Secondly, if it is played with leg there can be no offence. Only deliberate kicks to the goalkeeper are illegal to handle, and kicks are made with the foot, not the leg&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, as seen above, deliberately handling the ball after receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a teammate is also an indirect free kick offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also worth noting that the goalkeeper can never be cautioned or sent-off for handling the ball in their own penalty area - an indirect free kick is the maximum punishment. &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 1 - Direct Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inside their penalty area, the goalkeeper cannot be guilty of a handling offence incurring a direct free kick or any related sanction but can be guilty of handling offences that incur an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness, when the ball is wholly outside the penalty area, the goalkeeper, like any other player, may not deliberately handle the ball as also noted in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper has the same restrictions on handling the ball as any other player outside the penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1 - although the Law says &amp;quot;touches the ball with hands&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;deliberately handles&amp;quot;, it is understood that to breach this Law, it must be a deliberate handling as implied in both the first sentence and final paragraph of &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2 - the goalkeeper is taking a big risk by handling a ball that has been deliberately played to them from a teammate's lower leg, as the referee may (wrongly) believe it has come off the foot and award an indirect free kick to the opposing team.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T00:22:08.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4497" CreationDate="2017-07-31T04:12:05.860" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beverly Baker Fleitz was an American woman player ranked as high as third in the world who made the finals of Wimbledon in 1955 without ever hitting a backhand because of being ambidextrous. She lost 7-5, 8-6 to Louise Brough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13776" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T04:12:05.860" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16660" CreationDate="2017-07-31T17:08:58.133" Score="4" ViewCount="885" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see football players with black bars right under their eyes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't figure out a reason why they are necessary. What are they used for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2c/90/e2/2c90e2684df93552148a523b8a41ff34.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2c/90/e2/2c90e2684df93552148a523b8a41ff34.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7JsTR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7JsTR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9445" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-07-31T18:12:30.943" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T19:26:12.240" Title="What are the black bars beneath American Footballer's eyes are used for?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16659" CreationDate="2017-07-31T19:26:12.240" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_black&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eye Black&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  It is used under the eyes of athletes to help reduce the glare of the sun and it does improve an athlete's ability to differentiate between light and dark, making it easier for a player to track moving objects in a bright environment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T19:26:12.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10328" CreationDate="2017-08-01T06:46:40.503" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A cap obviously makes it more competitive. The NBA without a cap would be far more easy to predict a winner. That's why the NBA must have a cap -- it's a very predictable sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players standing in the way of there being a salary cap is probably true. The owners of New York and LA teams would vote against a cap and everyone else would probably vote for a cap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to a cap reducing what a player can earn, it is voted against. It ruins the sport and is very self-centered of the players. But a player isn't generally very bright, so it's no real surprise!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also disagree with the smarter post where it says the NBA has a bad salary cap and people like Lebron are underpaid. That's purely opinion and not factual. Salaries like Lebons stop teams like the Cavs from being able to bring in enough other talent to win a championship -- we see this all the time. Lebron takes 30 mil a year and then scratches his head why his team can't win. I would say Lebron takes too much of the allocated percentage and that we see this with just about all superstars in the salary cap era, apart from the Spurs and Warriors who were smart enough to avoid this (they avoided it by accepting less money.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason the NBA still seems unbalanced is because you only have 5 players on the court and when 3 superstars decide to join forces, it makes them very hard to beat. That has happened lately. You can be rest assured it would be far worse without a cap. You would probably have all stars on two teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13780" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T12:20:18.670" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T12:20:18.670" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16655" CreationDate="2017-08-02T02:22:07.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, because &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Pearce_(baseball)#Toronto_Blue_Jays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Pearce became the first player in MLB history&lt;/a&gt; to hit multiple walk-off grand slams within the span of a single week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T02:22:07.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16652" CreationDate="2017-08-02T06:49:08.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, the answer to your first question is &quot;No, there are not.&quot; However, there are requirements for top 30 players in regards to ATP World Tour 500 Tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the ATP World Tour official site for the most recent 2016 season-&#xA; &quot;Top 30 players (based on 2016 year-end Emirates ATP Rankings) must play a minimum of four 500 level tournaments during the calendar year, including at least one event following the US Open (Monte Carlo Masters 1000 event will count towards the minimum of four and all penalties apply)&quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/rankings-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/rankings-faq&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These same sort of requirements simply are not levied on ATP World Tour 250 events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second question, players do select the ATP World Tour 250 tournaments they wish to play in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to each season beginning, a player (picture Andy Murray for example) comes together with his team to create a tentative schedule for the upcoming season (within ATP Official guidelines mind you.) A variety of factors are taken into account when the schedule is being created, such as the points the player is defending going into each &quot;swing&quot; (&quot;Swings&quot; are typically a portion of time in the season defined by the surface the players are playing on i.e, grass, clay, hard.), predicted fatigue the player may encounter based on previous seasons, among a litany of other reasons. Refocusing though, the liberty a player possesses to create his own schedule gives the player freedom to play as many or as few ATP 250 events as he pleases. Going back to Andy Murray, as of August 2nd 2017, Andy Murray has competed in one ATP World Tour 250 event known as &quot;The Qatar Open.&quot; The reason he has competed in a single ATP World Tour 250 tournament is totally at Andy's discretion, and not the ATP's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastActivityDate="2017-08-02T06:49:08.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16669" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-02T14:27:06.327" Score="1" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roger Federer is currently number 3 in the world with only 7 tournaments played this year, but is it possible for him to return to number 1 in the world in the ATP rankings this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the record for a tennis player (both ATP or WTA, not in the &quot;race&quot;) at number 1 with the fewest tournaments played in that year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-03T12:40:21.077" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T20:51:20.173" Title="Which tennis number one played the fewest tournaments in a year?" Tags="|tennis|records|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16669" CreationDate="2017-08-03T07:23:41.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am assuming OP means ending the year number one with the fewest tournaments played? As for that, the answer is a tie! In 1986, Ivan Lendl played in 15 tournaments, and in 2014, Novak Djokovic played in 15 tournaments. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Calculated from the following resources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/players/novak-djokovic/d643/player-activity?year=2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;For Djokovic&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/players/ivan-lendl/l018/player-activity?year=1986&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for Lendl&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T20:51:20.173" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T20:51:20.173" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16705" CreationDate="2017-08-03T13:49:00.113" Score="1" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at rules for a double-elimination tournament but it seems that I growned up where double-elimination tournaments are totally different from the rest of the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The double-elimination that I know and used for most ice hockey tournament, is where any teams in the first round can lost his game, and that game will only help to decide on which side of the bracket you will go. Each games in second round opposite a winner vs a loser team. The loser in second round is eliminated (even if he has winned in first round). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bracket for that kind of tournament is a list in the center of the page with branches on each sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've discovered that it is called in French «fausse (false) double-élimination». I wonder if there an existing name in English for that kind of tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13789" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T15:41:05.167" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T15:41:05.167" Title="What's the English term for this double-elimination tournament variant?" Tags="|rules|terminology|ice-hockey|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16647" CreationDate="2017-08-03T15:42:26.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been many 40-yard+ own-goals, in my pick two own-goals that are definitely longer than Inter's Geoffrey Kondogbia is &lt;a href=&quot;http://wittyfutty.com/2016/08/video-quevillys-player-scores-goal-half-pitch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quevilly Rouen’s player&lt;/a&gt; half the pitch own goal for Pau in 3rd French league and Bleacher Report article claiming &lt;strong&gt;50-yard&lt;/strong&gt; own-goal of &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2279531-the-10-most-embarrassing-own-goals-ever&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Borussia Monchengladbach's Christoph Kramer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Video links: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtLvmNA5GVM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Christoph Kramer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x4qkodf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quevilly Rouen’s player&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other long range own-goals: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nTl_KpcdNk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joshua Rose&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPQCFgEctAg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Ángel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-03T15:42:26.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-03T21:18:29.580" Score="2" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;A situation from a youth league game: A runner was on 2nd, and the ball was hit to the outfield. Runner touched third and ran home. There was no throw home, but the runner didn't touch the plate. His momentum carried him past the out of play line; after teammates and coaches told him that he missed the plate, he went back and touched home without being tagged and before an appeal could be made. However, the umpire called him out for leaving the field of play. Was the umpire correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The league plays under Cal Ripken rules, but I don't have access to their rulebook, and have been unable to find the rules online (other than ordering a copy of the rulebook).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2017-08-04T13:26:00.400" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T14:07:21.693" Title="Is runner out if he goes out of play?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16676" CreationDate="2017-08-04T05:28:08.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Youth leagues may have rules different from MLB baseball, often to do with minimizing contact between players.  I particpated in a youth league where a runner would be called out for touching home plate (to avoid runner/catcher collisions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB doesn't have a &quot;out of play line&quot;, only a general concept of &quot;abandoning the effort to touch the next base&quot;.  A player is not automatically out for overrunning the plate.  The runner would be called out when tagged with the ball or if the runner subsequently leaves the field, obviously not trying to touch the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the runner a step away when he tried to retag, 10 steps away, or possibly even a foot in the dugout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect you would need the specific rules for this youth league (especially related to an out of play line) to know if there was a problem with the call. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-08-04T05:28:08.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16681" CreationDate="2017-08-04T08:43:56.503" Score="4" ViewCount="5943" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a junior football match, one of the players had picked up an unusual habit. She would make a sliding tackle but end up on the ground, with the ball between her legs. She would then keep possession, using her legs while still sitting on the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seemed unorthodox and possibly dangerous, as she was at risk of being fouled by opposition players trying to get the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rugby union has a rule whereby the ball must be released; the player that is tackled and the tackling player must immediately release the ball to allow for play to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find a similar rule in football's laws of the game. &lt;strong&gt;Can a player hold the ball under their body or legs in association football?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is distinct from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/411/walking-the-ball-across-the-line-for-a-goal&quot;&gt;Walking the ball across the line for a goal&lt;/a&gt;, as there is no attempt to move the ball or score a goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12855" LastEditorUserId="12855" LastEditDate="2017-08-04T19:58:31.803" LastActivityDate="2017-08-04T19:58:31.803" Title="Can a player hold the ball under their body or legs in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-08-07T19:18:15.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16680" CreationDate="2017-08-04T10:12:15.773" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 12.2 is straightforward, that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plays in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;whence &amp;quot;playing in a dangerous manner&amp;quot; is defined as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and &lt;strong&gt;includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with my emphasis. Law 12.3 further provides that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;persistent offences (no specific number or pattern of offences constitutes “persistent”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;should the referee determine that they continued to commit this offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-04T10:12:15.773" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16684" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20022" CreationDate="2017-08-04T16:33:52.130" Score="4" ViewCount="2817" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vibe.ng/14-crazy-epl-facts-didnt-know/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bobby Zamora and Obafemi Martins&lt;/a&gt; have scored with both feet on kicks from the penalty mark in the Premier League. So, I'm interested in knowing, whether there are any players that have done the same thing in other top European leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Doesn't have to be in the same match or within 90 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In top level football, e.g, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Brehme&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andreas Brehme&lt;/a&gt; Germany’s left-back at the 1986 and 1990 World Cups, took two penalties with both feet in consecutive tournaments. The kick in 1990, with his right foot, was the winning goal in the World Cup final. Here are those penalty kicks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TBruE.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TBruE.gif&quot; alt=&quot;left foot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MUtRh.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MUtRh.gif&quot; alt=&quot;right foot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/babb/11680631/Double-trouble-why-arent-there-more-two-footed-footballers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Telegraph&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T19:59:54.607" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T20:00:05.970" Title="Penalties scored by both feet?" Tags="|football|trivia|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16691" CreationDate="2017-08-04T18:21:16.477" Score="2" ViewCount="1742" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the years in football there have been many players who have scored hat-tricks in their clubs in their international debut matches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: Serge Gnabry and Dieter Müller scored hat-tricks on their international debuts, Wayne Rooney on his Manchester United debut in 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any player who has scored a &lt;strong&gt;perfect hat-trick&lt;/strong&gt;, which is achieved when a player scores one right-footed goal, one left-footed goal and one headed goal within one match, in debut match for a club or a country? If there is one who is he?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-05T18:48:44.007" LastActivityDate="2023-04-10T16:43:44.040" Title="Player with debut match perfect Hat-trick?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16688" CreationDate="2017-08-04T23:38:09.943" Score="5" ViewCount="21413" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do MLB players wear new uniforms every game? Or only when pants or top becomes too dirty or torn. The uniforms always look spotless so I assumed they were new.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-05T03:57:24.263" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T12:24:40.657" Title="Do MLB players wear new uniforms every game?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16687" CreationDate="2017-08-05T04:53:18.580" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is basically &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, though there is no official statement of teams many articles I have read so far points out teams does not provide new jerseys to the players for every game. &lt;em&gt;Uniforms are washed, mended and pressed to look as new every game&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;a href=&quot;http://edition.cnn.com/2011/LIVING/03/31/baseball.open.uniforms/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article of CNN&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mitch Poole, clubhouse manager for the Los Angeles Dodgers &quot;uniforms used to be scrubbed until the fabric resembled fur. But now they use an industrial stain remover specifically made for Major League called Slide Out&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://yanksgoyard.com/2017/01/07/yankees-uniform-history/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Factory on Columbus Avenue&lt;/a&gt; in New Rochelle (NY), the Raleigh Athletic Equipment Company is where uniforms of the New York Yankees are washed, mended and pressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-seamstress12-2008may12-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on Erica Ford&lt;/a&gt;, the official seamstress for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim baseball team will further helps in clarifying things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-05T04:53:18.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16692" CreationDate="2017-08-05T11:00:54.933" Score="2" ViewCount="2479" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite surprised, why the pitcher in baseball doesn't wear a helmet? &#xA;To express better, here are many heavy examples :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/btsSJC4wrXI?t=3m45s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/pIgSboH48jU?t=6s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesnt such incident happen often? Wont the helmet protect him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(if wearing helmet is not comfortable, then he could just wear it only during initial seconds, and then quickly take off the helmet after ball is thrown away).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13804" LastEditorUserId="13804" LastEditDate="2017-08-05T18:57:46.803" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T17:27:13.703" Title="Why the pitcher (in baseball) doesn't wear a helmet?" Tags="|baseball|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16690" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16696" CreationDate="2017-08-05T13:42:28.797" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something that I  noticed happening in almost every game  is the following: The hitter grounds out and the defense has an easy out on  first. The defense takes the out on the first base and the hitter, who has since become a runner, hasn't even made it halfway to the first. Yet he continuous to jog to first, he steps on it and then he retires. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does he continue to run, although he is out? Does it have any effect on statistics whether the runner made it to first or not?  Or maybe it is a way of the hitter to gain some confidence or even get into the pitchers/defense head. &quot;You didn't get me this time because you beat me to the first. Next time I will be there in time&quot;.  Is this the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12347" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T04:41:21.110" Title="Hitter reaching first although he is already out" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16685" CreationDate="2017-08-05T16:34:19.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There may be many players with debut match perfect hat-tricks but the only one that I have found so far is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.givemesport.com/627485-didier-drogba-scores-perfect-hattrick-on-full-mls-debut&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Didier Drogba scoring perfect hat-trick on MLS debut&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in a 4-3 win over Chicago Fire for Montreal Impact. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOoabvzUDrI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4195712/Romelu-Lukaku-scored-Premier-League-hat-trick-300.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;33 perfect hat-tricks in premier league so far&lt;/a&gt; but I'm not sure whether any of them is in debut match. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/news/29210/9697785/martin-tylers-stats-and-facts-dismal-away-records-and-perfect-hat-tricks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Players list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other articles concerning perfect hat-tricks: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2342872-5-stunning-examples-of-perfect-hat-tricks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=4/news=handful-heroic-hat-tricks-1409096.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fifa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-05T18:22:32.480" LastActivityDate="2017-08-05T18:22:32.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16689" CreationDate="2017-08-05T21:11:41.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In short&lt;/strong&gt;, there being no rule on this, currently available helmets not providing significant safety improvements and looks also not well received in Baseball community, is the main reason pitcher &lt;em&gt;not wearing a helmet&lt;/em&gt;. But it just a matter of time before they will start wearing improved one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To start off, &lt;a href=&quot;http://keitholbermann.mlblogs.com/2013/05/08/should-pitchers-wear-helmets-they-already-did/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Keith Olbermann article&lt;/a&gt; mention, pitchers did once wear helmets. In the 1950s, the Pittsburgh Pirates insisted that all their players wear helmets while on the field, though that mandate was soon abandoned when the helmets proved too cumbersome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for the chances of such incident happening &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/dandiamond/2013/05/07/j-a-happ-hit-in-head-should-pitchers-wear-helmets/#212b39fd1c80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Diamond author&lt;/a&gt; from Forbes article states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Major League Baseball pitchers throw about 700,000 pitches each year, and about 0.0004% of the time--roughly two to three times per season--a batter's hit makes contact with a pitcher's head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is pretty slim. And it's not that they haven't tried wearing one,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mark Melancon and Jared Hughes trying out helmet-type technology for pitchers:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iP5lw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1st&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/sep/08/mlb-pitchers-protection-headgear-safety&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Melancon statement afterwards&lt;/a&gt; to Pittsburgh Tribune-Review:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“It looks funny”. “Just because of the looks, it might not be something that I wear during the season. As shallow as that seems, and I’m definitely not that guy … I don’t know. I’m just not there yet. Give me a little time, and maybe I’ll get there.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbc26.com/news/national/mlb-pitchers-testing-protective-helmets-for-game-use?page=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Braves’ pitcher Alex Torres&lt;/a&gt; has worn a padded cap produced by isoBLOX in stints with the Padres and Mets.&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AZlWa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theweek.com/articles/464574/should-pitchers-required-wear-helmets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brandon McCarthy&lt;/a&gt; once tweeted about this topic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing acceptable out there so the discussion at this point is worthless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, if we look at last few injuries these two equipment also wouldn't have protected much. Even a batting helmet might not prevent those injuries. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.drdavidgeier.com/should-baseball-pitchers-wear-helmets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At last from article of &lt;a href=&quot;http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2013/05/09/why-pitchers-wont-be-wearing-helmets-even-after-latest-scare/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Time Keeping Score&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball’s medical director, Dr. Gary Green — a physician and professor of sports medicine at UCLA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Believes that helmets just aren’t practical for pitchers. For one thing, loose-fitting batting helmets stay on the heads of hitters because they’re trained to keep their heads straight, and focused on the ball. Meanwhile, “a pitchers head’s moves pretty violently,” Green says. Would a helmet even stay on a pitcher’s head?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if you, say, attached a chin strap to the helmet to better fasten it, like a hockey helmet, or add padding and ear flaps to secure it on the head, Green thinks the extra weight could cause more problems. “If you put a several-pound object on a pitcher’s head, it could interfere with his biomechanics,” Green says. The pitching motion is already prone to injury; if a helmet mucks with it, injuries could increase. “It would be very hard to put helmets on pitchers, given today’s technology” says Green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://nypost.com/2013/12/19/helmets-for-pitchers-coming-to-baseball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nypost&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1386032-should-mlb-force-pitchers-to-wear-helmets-for-their-own-safety&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/mlb/story/_/id/14765775/mlb-players-association-work-together-develop-more-protective-pitching-hat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;espn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/67239942/paul-hagen-pitchers-should-wear-the-padded-caps/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mlb&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsgrid.com/real-sports/mlb/incoming-should-pitchers-be-made-to-wear-helmets-before-someone-gets-killed-at-one-time-they-did/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sportsgrid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T17:27:13.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16695" CreationDate="2017-08-05T23:13:45.150" Score="2" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general classification after Stage 5 in the Tour de France 2017 was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Christopher Froome (GBR) Team Sky 18:38:59    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky +0:00:12    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fabio Aru (ITA) Astana Pro Team  +0:00:14     &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daniel Martin (IRL) Quick-Step Floors +0:00:25    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Richie Porte (AUD) BMC Racing Team +0:00:39&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Simon Yates (GBR) Orica-Scott +0:00:43    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Romain Bardet (FRA) AG2R La Mondiale +0:00:47     &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alberto Contador (ESP) Trek-Segafredo +0:00:52    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nairo Quintana (COL) Movistar Team +0:00:54   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rafal Majka (POL) Bora-Hansgrohe +0:01:01&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In stage 6 none of these riders finished in the top (nor was the difference between them the same) yet after stage 6 the general classification and the time differences were identical. The only change was in Froome's time, increasing to a total of 23:44:33.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same occurred after stage 7. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What am I missing here? Why has only the lead rider's time changed, despite several differences developing across the stages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13806" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-08-06T04:33:03.430" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T16:21:36.060" Title="Tour de France general classification is identical across stages, but results are not. Why?" Tags="|ranking|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16693" CreationDate="2017-08-06T00:34:52.490" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;nor was the difference between them the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They did in fact finish with the same time in this stage.  If you take a look at the full classification for stage 6, you will see that this was a sprint finish, so most of the riders finished together in a large bunch at the finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid having riders trying to bump each other in large finishes, timing  results in bunch finishes are aggregated.  If there is no &quot;gap&quot; between you and riders in front of you (it appears that you cannot go faster in your line without interacting with riders ahead), then you will be given the same finishing time as the first rider in your bunch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In stage 6, this bunch was large and the first 120 riders to cross were all given identical finish times of 5:05:34.   The next rider was scored as having a gap and was given a different time.  So for this stage, Chris Froome (who finished 56th) and all the leaders finished with identical times and there was no change in their relative positions in the general classification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the official finish time, a rider may receive either bonus or penalty time.  The first 3 finishers received a bonus, one rider received a penalty.   But none of them were in the top GC list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This bunch finish is an expected occurence for sprint stages, with most of the movement between GC leaders happening only on mountain and time trial stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stage 6 finish times are found on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2017/us/stage-6/classifications.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tour de France page&lt;/a&gt;.  Click the &quot;stage&quot; button to flip it to times for the stage rather than total GC time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-08-08T16:21:36.060" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T16:21:36.060" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16690" CreationDate="2017-08-06T04:41:21.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no benefit within the rules of the game or from a statistics perspective to touching first after the out is completed.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is a strong social component (&quot;unwritten rule&quot;) that the batter should be running with hustle to first during all plays, in case the defense makes a mistake.  It is generally expected (at least in the US) that the concept of running out the play includes touching the base even after the out is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a preparation standpoint, if you're running knowing that you're going to go all the way to first anyway, you don't have to stop and think about the play in front of you (and make a mistake with your interpretation).  Errors are rare on routine grounders in the major leagues, but they happen and if you're used to not bothering to touch the base on an out, you can start to anticipate the out.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wasn't able to find a source, but I recall listening to a team reporter discussing a Japanese player that came to the US that was chastised for not running out a ground ball.  The player apologized, stating that it wasn't something expected of him prior to joining his MLB team.  So this concept may not be universal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T04:41:21.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16698" CreationDate="2017-08-06T08:48:15.653" Score="0" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is $262 million transfer completely void ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neymar had last year extended his contract until &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/2977810/neymar-signs-new-five-year-barcelona-contract-until-2021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/a&gt; so is it really possible to break the contract. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 'Yes' then why is there a contract in the first place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 'No' then were there any legal complications ?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit : I know the release clause amount was insanely undeniable, but there must be someone who had to respect the contract[either Barca or Neymar]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13807" LastEditorUserId="13807" LastEditDate="2017-08-06T08:55:26.220" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T18:59:02.800" Title="Was Neymars transfer completely void even after committing to play until 2021?" Tags="|football|fifa|uefa|transfer|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2017-08-06T11:49:28.783" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is all completely valid. As part of Neymar's contact, both Neymar and Barcelona &lt;em&gt;agreed&lt;/em&gt; to the value of the release clause - note that under Spanish law, &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; employees have a release clause in their contracts, and this applies just as much to footballers as to anyone else (for more details, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.co.uk/football/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/3172294/how-release-clauses-work-neymar-treated-like-any-spanish-worker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;). PSG made an offer for Neymar which met the value in the release clause, so after Neymar paid Barcelona the appropriate fee, he was then free to move to PSG - and that's what he did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody has &quot;broken&quot; the contract here, as Spanish law mandates that any employee can release themselves from a contract - the only question is over the fee to be paid, and in Neymar's case, that was specified in the contract. There are no legal complications, because the lawyers who wrote the contract already thought about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This ignores any possible question as to whether PSG will be in breach of UEFA's financial fair play rules due to their expenditure; that's a different question from the validity of Neymar's contract as it's between PSG and UEFA, not PSG, Neymar and Barcelona).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-06T18:59:02.800" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T18:59:02.800" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16699" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-06T19:36:23.540" Score="14" ViewCount="366" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the percentage of game won in current format of alternating penalties for team going first in top European football competitions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Main reason for asking this question is ABBA system for penalty shootout. Which was recently used in FA Community Shield match between Chelsea and Arsenal. In this system, the order of penalties would see the the team going first in the shootout taking one spot-kick before their opponents take two in succession. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/newsid=2463576.html?rss=2463576+Penalty+shoot-out+trial+at+UEFA+final+tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Trial system for penalties)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for this new system is, to reduce the potential advantage that the team taking a first penalty in a shootout have. IFAB says that the experiment follows growing evidence that the current penalty shoot-out system, as laid down in the Laws of the Game to determine the outcome of a match, gives an unfair advantage to the team taking the first penalty in each pair of spot kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Study of Mr. Ignacio Palacios-Huerta, Professor, London School of Economics, shows that new &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.economist.com/blogs/gametheory/2017/08/take-chance-me&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ABBA format cuts down advantage to 54%&lt;/a&gt;. While many articles claim that, in current format of alternating penalties team going &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4469622/New-penalty-shootout-known-ABBA-trialled.html#ixzz4p0HSX86K&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;first wins 60%&lt;/a&gt; of time.  And answer to this question will help to find out if the reason for this change is justified or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T07:33:40.887" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T22:36:28.090" Title="What is the percentage of game won in alternating penalties format for team going first?" Tags="|football|statistics|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16641" CreationDate="2017-08-06T20:32:21.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;German Bundesliga&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_Stoppelkamp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Moritz Stoppelkamp&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;em&gt;SC Paderborn&lt;/em&gt; against Hannover 96 in &lt;em&gt;2014/15 season&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;strong&gt;83 meters&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/6dJXByywQbI?t=3s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bundesliga.com/de/bundesliga/news/rekordtor-moritz-stoppelkamp-sc-paderborn.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bundesliga.com&lt;/strong&gt; - German&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italian Serie A&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Enzo Ferrari&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;em&gt;Palermo&lt;/em&gt; against Roma in 1968/69 season from &lt;strong&gt;77 meters&lt;/strong&gt;. Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forzapalermo.it/news/enzo-ferrari-no-ferrari-enzo.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;forzapalermo.it&lt;/strong&gt; - Italian&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Primo_Piano/2008/01_Gennaio/26/ferrari.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;gazetta.it&lt;/strong&gt; - Italian&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spanish La Liga&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j261.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio José González Santos&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;em&gt;Numancia&lt;/em&gt; against Sevilla in &lt;em&gt;2004/05 season&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;strong&gt;68 meters&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Ocywf8rTdiI?t=9s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Videoǂ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.elmundo.es/deportes/2014/09/21/541ef5de22601d44538b457b.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;elmundo&lt;/strong&gt; - Spanish&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/2011/10/02/futbol/1adivision/1317575790.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;marca&lt;/strong&gt; - Spanish&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ǂ *Video has a very poor quality, and player's team information label is wrong, i.e Levante instead of Numancia, probably because they have similar outfits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-07T12:31:42.610" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T12:31:42.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-07T03:21:13.150" Score="17" ViewCount="2106" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of my favourite football players, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eran_Zahavi&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eran Zahavi&lt;/a&gt;, broke the record for most goals in one season in Israel two years ago.  He's currently well on his way to break the same record in China - the most goals scored in one season in the Chinese Super League is 28 goals, and he has 22 goals with 10 games remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he ends up breaking the record of the most goals in one season in China, which means he will have this record in two separate countries, will he be the first player to do that in history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that what I'm looking for here is &lt;strong&gt;breaking the record in each country, not just being the highest scorer in a particular season&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, suppose the most goals ever scored in one season in France is 31 and in Germany is 37. If a player comes along and scores 32 goals in France in one season, then he moves to Germany and scores 38 goals in one season, that would count. However, a player who was the highest scorer in one season in France with 30 goals and then scored 38 in Germany would &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; count as they didn't actually break the record in France. There is no requirement for the two record breaking seasons to be consecutive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13810" LastEditorUserId="13810" LastEditDate="2017-08-08T21:09:16.793" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T15:09:21.417" Title="Has there ever been a football player who held the title of &quot;most goals in one season in history&quot; in two different countries?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-07T09:46:02.457" Score="1" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen some golf scoring systems that show the players' score in relation to par during Stableford competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this calculated? The point of Stableford is to not worry about the number of strokes taken and just focus on the points. Is the par score in relation to the points scored or are the strokes still counted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the strokes are counted, how are blobs accounted for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13811" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-08-07T10:08:15.537" LastActivityDate="2021-07-28T03:06:40.573" Title="How is par score used in any variants of Stableford competition?" Tags="|rules|golf|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16704" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16706" CreationDate="2017-08-07T13:25:32.733" Score="2" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a doubles match, is it a let if a serve goes to the left hand court after touching the net? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the ball was heading for the right hand court and there was enough spinning to deflect it to the left hand court after hitting the net?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://dr.ittf.com/ittf_handbook/2017/2017_EN_HBK_CHPT_2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF Handbook&lt;/a&gt; doesn't clarify this edge case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1 The rally shall be a let:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1.1 if in service the ball touches the net assembly, provided the service is otherwise correct or the ball is obstructed by the receiver&#xA;  or his or her partner;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question 5 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/rules-in-table-tennis.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt; says it's &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; a let, but I couldn't find anything more concrete, like an actual occurrence in an official match or a more specific official rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13561" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-31T09:53:56.603" LastActivityDate="2019-10-31T09:53:56.603" Title="Serve deflected to the left hand court in a doubles match, is it a let?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16674" CreationDate="2017-08-07T15:50:53.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on your description, I think the best term is &quot;False Double Elimination&quot; as you suggested. If I do a web search for &lt;code&gt;&quot;false double elimination&quot; hockey&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%22false%20double%20elimination%22%20hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DuckDuckGo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;amp;q=%22false%20double%20elimination%22%20hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;), I see references to a few tournaments that look to be that kind of structure. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hockeyoutaouais.com/index.php?page=downloaddoc&amp;amp;id=564&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this PDF&lt;/a&gt; of a set of tournament rules, it states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams are assured of a minimum of two (2) games in the false double elimination formula. A team is eliminated from the tournament in the event of a defeat in its second game or later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes it sound to me as though it's a somewhat-standard name, even though I haven't heard of it before. It may be that this usage is more common in Hockey. There's not a lot of references to it online that I can find, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to be more verbose, I would tend to describe the first part as a &quot;qualifying round&quot;, &quot;seeding round&quot;, &quot;initial stage&quot;, or the like, and then the second part as &quot;followed by a single-elimination playoff&quot;. That is to say, when there are multiple stages of a tournament with different rules, I'd tend to try to be explicit about the various rounds and what rules apply to each. That may be more useful in a technical description of how the tournament is to be structured rather than in a quick summary, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user11569" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T15:50:53.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16704" CreationDate="2017-08-07T19:05:16.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules you linked to do address this case, albeit not directly. The rule you cited says (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.9.1 The rally shall be a let:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; 2.9.1.1 if in service the ball touches the net assembly, &lt;strong&gt;provided the service is otherwise correct&lt;/strong&gt; or the ball is obstructed by the receiver or his or her partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the ITTF rules, in a legal service (again, emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.6.3 As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then touches directly the receiver's court; &lt;strong&gt;in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball, in your scenario, has not touched &quot;successively the right half court of server &lt;strong&gt;and receiver&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; it is not otherwise a legal serve, so the server forfeits the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You won't find a more specific rule, since the combination of these two rules is clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T19:05:16.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16710" CreationDate="2017-08-07T19:08:57.610" Score="22" ViewCount="283289" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen many male soccer players - specially famous players who play for well-known teams - wear a piece of clothing that looks like a sports bra. They're usually worn during practice, and a few other times I've seen them worn under the jersey during the games. I'm guessing it has some training benefits, but what is the bra looking thing? What's the purpose of wearing it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are 2 pictures of Lionel Messi and Zlatan Ibrahimovic wearing the bra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PizL6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PizL6m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Messi&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ATHc8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ATHc8m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ibrahimovic&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-29T23:10:54.580" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T23:17:53.893" Title="What is the sports bra looking thing soccer players wear?" Tags="|football|trivia|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="56" CreationDate="2017-08-07T19:30:14.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As much football as I watched, I had previously not gotten very far into learning about d-line assignments until my son began playing DT in school. From my non-expert understanding, the difference with 1 gap and 2 gap is 2 gap linemen are more concerned with eating up blocks than are 1 gap linemen and 1 gap linemen are more concerned with penetrating the o-line than 2 gap linemen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 gap linemen tend to get more sacks. 3-4 linemen tend to be bigger, slower and stronger. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at how a 3-4 defense lines up on most plays it will make most casual observers ask, &quot;Uh, what's the difference between 3-4 and 5-2?&quot;. And they have a good point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So think about 3 d-linemen up against either 5 o-linemen or 5 OL and a TE. You're going to generally rush at least 4. If the NT and 2 DEs can each take up 2 blocks that leaves the OLBs (who are in basically the same starting position as 5-2 DEs) in great shape. Or the pressure can come from the middle instead (you're never quite sure where the 4th guy is coming from with a 3-4 defense, that's the whole point of the 3-4), but you get the point. And it takes a big, strong guy to take up those blocks and plug those holes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13812" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T19:30:14.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16707" CreationDate="2017-08-07T20:38:48.703" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are performance trackers. They track a player's vital statistics (heart rate, etc) as well as their movement, their average speed, their distance covered, etc. As for the &amp;quot;bra-like&amp;quot; design, it would appear to just be the result of needing a small and unencumbered design that allows for minimal interruption, maximum body contact, and full range of motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gpsports.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to the manufacturer of Zlatan's bra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-11-24T23:17:53.893" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T23:17:53.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16720" CreationDate="2017-08-08T13:03:17.610" Score="17" ViewCount="15819" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iaafworldchampionships.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF World Championship at London 2017&lt;/a&gt; and I notice that men will run &lt;strong&gt;110-metres hurdles&lt;/strong&gt; while women women the &lt;strong&gt;100-metres hurdles&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of this difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The longest distance for hurdles is 400 metres both for men and women&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:52:03.740" Title="Why 110-hurdles for men and 100-hurdles for women?" Tags="|trivia|running|track-and-field|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16715" CreationDate="2017-08-08T16:21:28.713" Score="3" ViewCount="4401" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard analyst say that a player has been under performing as a batter in the heart of the order many times, or that a bottom of the line up batter has been doing well for its position as of recent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me believe that each batter in the line up has a specific role. Or at least there are certain league-wide expectations for each position. From what I have noticed, it seems that the heavy hitters are usually in the middle of the order. Also it's obvious that the lead off batter should have high on base percentage (OBP) to increase chances of scoring more runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said all of that, what are the general characteristics of each batter in the line up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T12:07:10.797" Title="What criteria does each batter in baseball's batting order have?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16714" CreationDate="2017-08-08T16:44:04.083" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Traditional&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;1 - High OBP/Speed&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy should have a high chance of getting on base.  You want to get your guys on base so the later hitters have a chance to drive in runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;2 - Contact/Bunt&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy should have good contact numbers, or be able to bunt.  The point of this guy is to get your leadoff hitter into scoring position (2nd and 3rd base), whether it be by bunting him over or getting a base hit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;3 - All Around&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy should posses power, or at least high contact rate.  This person should be the guy who gets your leadoff guy home.  Generally has some power, maybe 20-25 home run potential.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;4 - Power&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy is usually your big hitter.  They call this the &amp;quot;cleanup&amp;quot; hitter.  In a sense so he can &amp;quot;clean up&amp;quot; the bases.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;5 - Power/OBP&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy is generally your next biggest hitter, more power than the normal guys, set to protect the clean up hitter in the order.  He should also posses some kind of OBP as to get on base, kind of start the order over.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;6 - RBI Guy&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy, as with the 5th hitter, is there to protect the guys in front of him, and drive in runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;7/8/9 - Fielders&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the AL, where you have the DH, these guys would be the guys who aren't really great at hitting, they're mostly in the lineup for their defensive prowess.  They can be good hitters, guys to get on base, or have some power, but generally teams keep their lesser hitters in the bottom.  In the NL, the 9th slot is generally used for the pitcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sabermetrics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;1 - High OBP&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy needs to have high OBP, speed or not.  This guy is simply meant to get on base so there will be someone to drive in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;2 - Contact&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One of your best hitters, usually high contact, and high OBP.  This guy is meant to drive in runs.  No more sacrificing, this guys intent is to score runs and limit outs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;3 - 5th Best Hitter&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This guy would bat 5th in the traditional lineup, has some power, some contact, ability to drive in runs, and ability to help protect the #4.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;4 - Power&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is your power hitter, as in the traditional lineup, you want this guy cleaning up the bases.  You want this guy to hit your home runs, and score.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;5 - 4th Best&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is your cleanup guy in the traditional lineup.  This is the guy who also has power, also has the ability to drive in runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;6/7 - 6th and 7th Best Hitters&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These are the guys, as with the traditional lineup, who are usually only in the lineup for their defensive prowess.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;8/9 - NL (Pitcher and 8th Best Hitter), AL (8th and 9th Best Hitter)&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the NL, with the new sabermetric lineup, the 8 slot is generally the pitcher and the 9 slot is for your worst hitter.  Basically hoping they get on base for the leadoff guy to start driving in runs again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the advantage to this lineup is to stop trading outs for runs.  This lineup is to maximize runs, and stop the thinking of &amp;quot;small ball&amp;quot;, meaning bunting, getting base hits, etc.  This is usually called the &amp;quot;optimized&amp;quot; lineup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;:  This isn't meant to be a one size fits all lineup explanation.  Each team has their own idea as to what makes things work for them.  This is meant to simply be a general overview of how lineups are used in baseball.  Some teams may make slight changes to this theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T12:07:10.797" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16463" CreationDate="2017-08-08T18:52:43.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ATP&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Lendl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivan Lendl&lt;/a&gt; was the only player in the list who has won singles&#xA;grand slams prior to Wozniacki winning her only slam in 2018. He's known as one of the greatest players ever, holding&#xA;the world #1 for 270 weeks (the 3rd most all time by a male player).&#xA;He reached #1 seed first time in 1983. In 1984 he won his first grand&#xA;slam at the French Open after four major finals losses. Lendl has won&#xA;8 majors championships, having won all grand slams except for&#xA;Wimbledon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_R%C3%ADos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcelo Rios&lt;/a&gt; was the top seed for only 6 weeks in 1998. In his&#xA;only grand slam finals appearance he lost to Petr Korda in the 1998&#xA;Australian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WTA&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/a&gt; finished 2010 and 2011 as the top seed, in&#xA;total she's been the world #1 for 67 weeks. Despite winning 25 WTA&#xA;titles, she's never won a grand slam. Her only grand slam finals&#xA;happened in the US open in 2009 and 2014. &lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Before retiring, Wozniacki won the 2018 Australian Open. The championship propelled her to the #1 ranking once more, but this time as a grand slam champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jelena Jankovic&lt;/a&gt; reached the top seed in 2008 and finished the&#xA;year in that spot, making her the first player in WTA to finish a&#xA;year as world #1 without wining a grand slam. Her only singles majors&#xA;finals was the 2008 US open. It is noteworthy that she won a grand&#xA;slam in mixed doubles of 2007 Wimbledon with Jamie Murray.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinara_Safina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dinara Safina&lt;/a&gt; became world #1 in 2009. She made the most singles&#xA;grand slam finals without a championship among the players in this&#xA;list. She was the runner up in 2008 and 2009 French Open as well as&#xA;the 2009 Australian Open. Similar to Jankovic, Safina's only majors&#xA;championship came in the doubles. She won the 2007 US open women's doubles&#xA;with Nathalie Dechy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-16T17:26:12.087" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T17:26:12.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16529" CreationDate="2017-08-09T00:10:33.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends based upon the wording of the contract. If in the contract it is stated that the player may terminate employment at any time, the agent is not working for the player the moment the formal letter of termination is signed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Years and years of research about becoming a sports agent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13752" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T00:10:33.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16712" CreationDate="2017-08-09T09:13:01.720" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;TL;DR: 110 m was set for historical reasons and women had the distance set to 100 m to both use metric units and keep consistency with the number of hurdles run by men (10).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110_metres_hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;110 metres hurdles&lt;/a&gt; in Wikipedia explains that the distance of 110 metres comes from a 120 yards standard defined in the mid-1800s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge: The length of the course was set to 120 yards (109.7 m) and over its course, runners were required to clear ten 3 foot 6 inch (1.07 m) high hurdles. The height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the standards were pretty much complete (except for Germany where 1 metre high hurdles were used until 1907).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that technique and spacing became so standard that changing the distance would have made it a completely new competition, hence it was kept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Time passed and women's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres_hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;100 metres hurdles&lt;/a&gt; appeared:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Olympic Games had included the 80 m hurdles in the program from 1932 to 1968. Starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics the women's race was lengthened to 100 m hurdles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hurdles sprint race has been run by women since the beginning of women's athletics, just after the end of World War I. The distances and hurdle heights varied widely in the beginning. While the men had zeroed in on the 110 m hurdles, the International Women's Sport Federation had registered records for eight different disciplines by 1926 (60 yards/75 cm height, 60 yards/61 cm, 65 yards/75 cm, 83 yards/75 cm, 100 yards/75 cm, 100 yards/61 cm, 120 yards/75 cm, 110 metres/75 cm). At the first Women's World Games in 1922 a 100 m hurdles race was run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article follows with some interesting insight and follows with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 1960s some experimental races were run over a distance of 100 metres using hurdles with a height of 76.2 cm. During the 1968 Summer Olympics a decision was made to introduce the 100 m hurdles using hurdles with a height of 84 cm and the first international event in the 100 m hurdles occurred at the European Athletics Championships, which were won by Karin Balzer, GDR. The modern 100 m race has an extra 2 hurdles compared to the 80 m race, which are higher and spaced slightly further apart. The home stretch is shorter by 1.5 m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that they wanted to increase the number of hurdles to 10 but also keep the spacing. To do so they could just increase to 100 metres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This reasoning is also followed in the debate &lt;a href=&quot;https://trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/showthread.php?124607-80-meter-hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;80 meter hurdles?&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why, but if, as you speculate, the aim was to harmonize with the men's hurdles, I think it has been achieved in the most practical manner. With the change, the women now face ten obstacles, just as the men do. Furthermore, by increasing the overall distance only twenty meters, the women can still three-step the hurdles, just as the men do. The key parameter is distance between hurdles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I took the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatfne.org/officials/forms/hurdle-spacing.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official spacing for hurdles&lt;/a&gt; and did some calculations to see what other combinations could have been used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The total distance comes from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;start + (hurdles-1)*distance_hurdles + finish&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so it is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;          hurdles   start   distance hurdles   finish   total metres&#xA;80m  (W)        8      12        8              12           80&#xA;100m (W)       10      13        8,5            10,5        100&#xA;110m (M)       10   13,72        9,14           14,02       110&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we were to have a 110m (W) with the same amount of hurdles, 10, it should be like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;          hurdles   start   distance hurdles   finish   total metres&#xA;110m (W)       10      12       10              12          110&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that the bigger distance between hurdles makes it hard to combine with the typical &lt;a href=&quot;http://hurdlesfirstbeta.com/free-articles/training-tips/to-4-step-or-not-to-4-step-in-the-high-school-girls-100m-hurdles/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4-step&lt;/a&gt; and may make them need an extra, smaller step that would break speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we were to have a 110m (W) with similar spacing, it should be like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;          hurdles   start   distance hurdles   finish   total metres&#xA;110m (W)       12      12        8              10          100&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so this is completely doable and would make the distance equivalent to men's. However, it may be way harder since the amount of hurdles to skip is bigger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T09:13:01.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15707" CreationDate="2017-08-09T14:58:53.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Palmer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Palmer&lt;/a&gt; tried a comeback in 1991 after being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1990, but was nowhere near good enough.  He quit before being cut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13822" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T03:57:05.973" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T03:57:05.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16707" CreationDate="2017-08-09T15:47:52.350" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16710/12991&quot;&gt;GB11's answer&lt;/a&gt; summarized it well what are the tracking devices. From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88A-WYA5bQ4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube page of GPSSports Systems&lt;/a&gt; you can see that what Zlatan wears is called GPSports SPI HPU tracking device, which according to its &lt;a href=&quot;http://gpsports.com/gpsports_website/brochures/spi_hpu_2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;brochure&lt;/a&gt; has many features, some of them being GPS, accelerometer, wireless communication, water resistance, 5.5 hours battery life, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The data collected by tracking device from players is auto-analysed to provide practical information on players' performance, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Establish the session load for each player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Identify outliers in the group&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Identify players under significant training stress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Compare sessions to recent history&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Produce high quality reports&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Periodise training using a range of variables&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Monitor individual training demands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Monitor rehabilitation and reconditioning programs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Compare players, sessions, drills and games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that those kind of tracking devices are used on a very high level in many team sports, and not just in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T15:47:52.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7154" CreationDate="2017-08-09T18:00:10.830" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The attack-hit is the action of a player to direct the ball towards the opponents court. When the ball is contacted by the blocker or crosses the vertical plane of the net then it is considered as completed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13823" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T18:00:10.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15418" CreationDate="2017-08-09T19:56:17.157" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been through exactly that experience. I expected to find it weird, but did not - proportionally, it's almost the same. In fact, what does feel strange is playing with a 9mm snooker cue, hitting US pool sized balls. It's easier (for me, anyway) to put &lt;em&gt;unwanted&lt;/em&gt; side on the ball with a small tip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://billiards.colostate.edu/threads/cue_tip.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dr Dave Alciatore's page on cue tips&lt;/a&gt; gives more information than you could ever imagine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T19:56:17.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14198" CreationDate="2017-08-09T20:07:47.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened in a professional game a few years ago - I &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; it was the IPL but not sure. An overenthusiastic ball boy picked the ball up before it crossed the rope. The umpires awarded a boundary, four runs. The ball was dead as soon as the boy picked up the ball - so anything happening after that is irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T20:07:47.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16540" CreationDate="2017-08-10T13:10:24.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an obscure rule in American Football that leads to an interesting special case of the &quot;half distance to the goal line rule&quot;. &#xA;In essence, this rule enables the referee to award a Touch Down if the defense consistently commit &quot;half distance penalties&quot;.&#xA;Otherwise, if Team A has the ball at Team B's 5 yd line, and team B keeps committing penalties, the ball would move to the 2.5 yd, then 1.25, then 0.62, then 0.31, 0.15 yd line etc. etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13825" LastActivityDate="2017-08-10T13:10:24.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16728" CreationDate="2017-08-11T01:46:02.840" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ATmBJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ATmBJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example of ball hitting the goal post&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We see in some AFL (Australian Football League) games that when a player kicks the ball at the goal, the ball can hit the post, then the ball bounces back onto the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should this still be in-play and the game continues&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13313" LastEditorUserId="13313" LastEditDate="2017-08-11T02:57:43.343" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T08:31:53.417" Title="Should this still be in-play in Australian Rules Football?" Tags="|rules|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16727" CreationDate="2017-08-11T04:07:55.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footy.com.au/dags/FAQ1v1-5.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules 1.5 Scoring&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://usafl.com/intro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt; helps in understanding this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.5.3 &lt;strong&gt;If the ball hits the goal post, a behind is scored&lt;/strong&gt;. This is regardless of where the ball goes after hitting the goal post, e.g., back into the field of play, through the goals or whatever. Play stops as soon as the ball hits the goal post, and is restarted by a kick-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.6.5 (a) After a behind has scored. Any player of the defending team kicks the ball from within the kick-off 'square' in front of goal, but only after the goal umpire has finished waving his flags. The player must &lt;em&gt;kick&lt;/em&gt; the ball out to restart play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-13T08:31:53.417" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T08:31:53.417" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16732" CreationDate="2017-08-11T16:00:58.367" Score="8" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest time from the first to the last time that a player was ranked number 1 of the ATP/WTA rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-02-17T11:04:29.353" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T21:48:54.697" Title="Longest time between ATP or WTA #1?" Tags="|tennis|history|records|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-11T17:37:40.813" Score="1" ViewCount="632" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a league tournament, the points and goals were equal between two teams. A playoff game was scheduled, but this ended in a draw. Kicks from the penalty mark were used to separate the teams, but it was in the dim light in the evening and the goal keeper was not able to see clearly, so the match was declared a draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the next steps to separate the teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13829" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-12T01:25:49.807" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T23:53:12.340" Title="Tie breaker rules during penalty shootouts, when the lighting is poor" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16730" CreationDate="2017-08-11T18:01:54.203" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Longest time span between the First and Last time at #1 (ATP)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Federer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roger Federer&lt;/a&gt; was first ranked at the top of the ATP Rankings on February 2nd, 2004. The last time he was promoted to the top of the ATP Rankings was June 18th, 2018. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The length of time spent between his first and last appearance at&#xA;  number one in the ATP Rankings, is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;14 years, 1 month, and 16 days&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. No&#xA;  other male player has a greater time span between his first appearance&#xA;  at number one to his last appearance. He also became the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/43091815&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;oldest&#xA;  player to achieve the number one&#xA;  ranking&lt;/a&gt; usurping the title&#xA;  from Andre Agassi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My reference for this information is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Longest time span between the First and Last time at #1 (WTA)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the WTA, it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serena_Williams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Serena Williams&lt;/a&gt; who first became world number one in the WTA rankings on July 8th, 2002 and last was world number one on May 14th, 2017. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With a time span &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2 months shy of 15 years&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Serena Williams holds&#xA;  the record for WTA players in terms of longest length between first&#xA;  being ranked number one, and last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My reference for this information is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WTA_number_1_ranked_tennis_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T21:48:54.697" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T21:48:54.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16731" CreationDate="2017-08-11T18:10:59.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; specify that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, after both teams have taken five kicks, the scores are level kicks continue until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same number of kicks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no provision in the Laws for kicks from the penalty mark being abandoned due to poor light or any other reason, so by declaring the match a draw, the referee was in breach of the letter of the Laws of the Game - therefore you're not going to be able to get a definitive ruling on this. As with everything else like this involving exceptional circumstances, the answer is simple: the organising body for the competition makes a decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-11T18:10:59.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16730" CreationDate="2017-08-11T19:32:05.610" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took data from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis ATP&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_wta&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis WTA&lt;/a&gt; repositories in GitHub. They do not have all the rankings, so it is not comprehensive and &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16732/11439&quot;&gt;Logan's answer&lt;/a&gt; will be more accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there we see that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(this is to be changed)&#xA;Rafa Nadal was 1st on 18 August 2008 for the first time and hist last week on that position was on 21 August 2017. This makes it 9 years and 3 days.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andre Agassi was 1st on 10 April 1995 for the first time and his last week on that position was on 1 September 2003 (100 weeks all together). This makes it 8 years and 5 months.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roger Federer was 1st on 2 Feb 2004 for the first time and the last time was on 29 Feb 2012 (for a total of 297 weeks all together). This makes it more than 8 years.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In women:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serena Williams started on 8 July 2002 and her last was on 9 September 2016, for a total of 14 years and 3 months. 308 in total.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steffi Graff started on 17 August 1987 and her last was on 24 March 1997, for a total of 9 years and 7 months. 383 weeks in total.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2017-08-21T11:09:13.107" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T11:09:13.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16751" CreationDate="2017-08-12T06:23:16.690" Score="3" ViewCount="1330" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine this, you serve in table tennis with a lot of backspin. So much backspin, that the ball (when served) bounces once on your side then once on your opponents side, but hits the net on it's way back towards you as the server.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this still a &amp;quot;let&amp;quot; considering the ball touched the net on the serve or is it fair play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxd_dJXQkn0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the specific occurrence I'm referring to.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If further visual representation is needed, I have sketched out specifically what occurrence I am referring to. (The server is on the bottom part of the table)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I5XlH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I5XlH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iAOKG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iAOKG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-18T19:53:40.037" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T19:53:40.037" Title="Is it a let in table tennis if the serve lands on the opponents side, but hits the net on it's way back towards the server?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|spin|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16741" CreationDate="2017-08-12T15:48:20.493" Score="2" ViewCount="1521" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sports games, what is the main importance of the scoresheet?&#xA;As in the image below?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RZD6g.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RZD6g.png&quot; alt=&quot;scoresheet&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13833" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T10:09:45.847" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T10:09:45.847" Title="What is the importance of the game scoresheet?" Tags="|officiating|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16739" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16777" CreationDate="2017-08-12T16:12:23.283" Score="2" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/22344&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea have conceded 3 goals against Burnley&lt;/a&gt; in new season first game of English Premier League 2017/18 being champion of previous year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the most for a previous year champion in top 5 European league, if it isn't which team has conceded more than this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T17:08:40.997" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T17:08:40.997" Title="What is the most goals conceded by previous year champions in new season 1st game in top 5 European league?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16744" CreationDate="2017-08-12T17:56:37.967" Score="0" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently purchased a pair of Bauer Hockey skates and I am not sure if they are dull or sharp. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up a comparison on YouTube, Google, etc. and yet I still have trouble determining if my skates are dull or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if the blades being shiny have an affect as of if they are sharp or not I just don't know the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13831" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T13:09:17.957" Title="Are my Hockey skates sharp or dull?" Tags="|ice-hockey|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16738" CreationDate="2017-08-12T18:27:24.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, the scoresheet is the official record of the result of the game. In most sports I've played, it is signed by the captain (or other representative) of each team at the end of the match to show that they agree with the final score, and then sent to the organising body to show the result of the match (and other secondary things like any disciplinary sanctions applied to players).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;offical volleyball rules&lt;/a&gt; (just as that's the sport I'm probably most familiar with):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;AT THE END OF THE MATCH, the team captain: thanks the referees and signs the score sheet to ratify the result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd imagine similar things exist for other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-12T18:27:24.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16742" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-12T22:58:28.927" Score="3" ViewCount="685" Body="&lt;p&gt;In major athletics events (Olympic Games, World Championship), men run a decathlon (10 events) and women run a heptathlon (7 events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why isn't the combined discipline the same for both genders? I understand that individual events are adapted (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/16712&quot;&gt;110m hurdles for men and 100m hurdles for women&lt;/a&gt;, or a 800g javelin for men but 600g for women), but why don't men run an heptathlon or women a decathlon instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13836" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T17:21:35.820" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T18:02:10.340" Title="Why isn't the combined event the same for men and women in big athletics events?" Tags="|track-and-field|heptathlon|decathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16740" CreationDate="2017-08-13T13:09:17.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should sharpen your skates after about every 6 hours of ice time. Since you probably don't know when they were last sharpened (if used) or since they don't come sharpened out of the box (if new), you should get them sharpened. Have whoever you get to sharpen your skates show you how to tell if your skates are dull. Easier to demonstrate in person than explain in text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13839" LastActivityDate="2017-08-13T13:09:17.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16745" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16746" CreationDate="2017-08-14T07:17:55.427" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler gets injured in the over and has gone out of the field then can a bowler who bowled the previous over continue this over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12621" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T07:29:16.107" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T07:38:21.687" Title="can the bowler from previous over continue this over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16745" CreationDate="2017-08-14T07:38:21.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. This is very clear in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If for any reason a bowler [...] is incapacitated or suspended during an over, the umpire shall call and signal Dead ball. Another bowler shall complete the over from the same end, &lt;strong&gt;provided that he does not bowl two overs consecutively, nor bowl parts of each of two consecutive overs, in that innings&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T07:38:21.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16747" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16750" CreationDate="2017-08-14T08:41:20.573" Score="7" ViewCount="2073" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 13th August 2017, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/13/barcelona-real-madrid-spanish-super-cup-match-report&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo was sent off in win over Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was given a first yellow card for removing his shirt during the celebration of a goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A couple of minutes later, he got the second yellow card for diving to attempt to win a penalty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second yellow card made him be sent off. After receiving the red card he pushed the referee. Such action normally involves a direct red card, but he had already received it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After receiving a second yellow card, can a player get an &quot;extra&quot; red card for a blatant bad behaviour?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that a player in that situation is already out of the game, so any actions involving suspension will just be written down by the referee in the &quot;certificate&quot; of the game, so the federation will study it after the game and, eventually, penalise the player. However, I don't know if this is what rules say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T09:53:10.783" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T03:33:25.770" Title="Can a player receive a direct red card after receiving the second yellow card?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-14T10:02:22.887" Score="2" ViewCount="629" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://celebrityinside.com/body-measurements/athlete/usain-bolt-height-weight-shoe-size-biceps-vital-statistics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt; there are already a couple of measurements of Bolt but, unfortunately, not of his legs. What is the circumference of the legs of Usain bolt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12893" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T15:35:43.873" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T15:35:43.873" Title="What is the circumference of the legs of Usain bolt?" Tags="|trivia|athletics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2017-08-14T15:09:30.783" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation you are interested in is not explicitly mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; or specifically in &lt;a href=&quot;http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/codigo_disciplinario_temporada.pdf#page=56&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Disciplinary Code of Royal Spanish Football Federation (PDF in Spanish, page 56)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Showing a direct red card after showing a red card for two accumulated yellow cards is redundant.&lt;/strong&gt; Because what is more important, as you have already guessed, is what the referee wrote in the post-match protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here comes the most entertaining part: what has &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_de_Burgos_Bengoetxea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ricardo de Burgos Bengoetxea&lt;/a&gt; mentioned in his protocol? Below you can see &lt;a href=&quot;http://e00-marca.uecdn.es/assets/multimedia/imagenes/2017/08/14/15026656694666.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the original protocol, published by MARCA&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nIv4f.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nIv4f.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;79th minute.&lt;/em&gt; Player #7 Cristiano Ronaldo was cautioned for the&#xA;  following reason: removing off the shirt during goal celebration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;82th minute.&lt;/em&gt; Player #7 Cristiano Ronaldo was cautioned for the&#xA;  following reason: foul simulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dismissals:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;82th minute.&lt;/em&gt; Player #7 Cristiano Ronaldo has been sent off for the&#xA;  following reason: second yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other incidents:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once shown the red card Cristiano Ronaldo pushed me slightly in a sign&#xA;  of disagreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result of this incident, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2017/08/14/5991a837e2704ebe608b45be.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo was banned for five games&lt;/a&gt;. So, this decision has been made because the referee mentioned it in the protocol and regardless whether Ronaldo received direct red card or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T10:05:28.473" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T10:05:28.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16736" CreationDate="2017-08-14T18:10:12.920" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it would NOT be a let. That is, it would be a legal service and the server would earn the point (assuming the receiver did not return it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm referencing the rules at &lt;a href=&quot;https://pongworld.com/table-tennis-sport/official-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PongWorld.com&lt;/a&gt;. In the description of the service (rule 2.06) the rules state (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.06.03   As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then, &lt;strong&gt;after passing over or around the net assembly&lt;/strong&gt;, touches directly the receiver's court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In describing a let (rule 2.09) the rules state (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.09.01.01    [The service shall be a let] if in service the ball, &lt;strong&gt;in passing over or around the net assembly, touches it,&lt;/strong&gt; provided the service is otherwise correct or the ball is obstructed by the receiver or his or her partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your description, the ball has already completed the &quot;passing over or around the net assembly&quot; and landed on the other side. As such, the serve is legal and what happens next is all part of normal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an exception in rule 2.09 if the player is in a wheelchair - in that case, if the ball returns towards the net after hitting the other side then it IS a let, regardless of whether it touches the net again or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6049" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T18:10:12.920" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2017-08-14T20:47:10.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of the Game do account for such situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[The referee] has the authority to take disciplinary action from&#xA;  entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving&#xA;  the field of play after the match ends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Laws of the Game, 2016-2017, Law 05: The Referee, point 3. Powers and duties, Disciplinary action)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next bullet clarifies that this includes showing yellow or red cards. Yet, I do not know about actually displaying a second red card - that is probably redundant as gdrt said in their reply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="777" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T20:47:10.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-14T21:28:50.520" Score="4" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules in baseball regarding the frequency and number of times a player can be optioned back and forth from the parent major league team and the minor leagues? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13845" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-12-02T14:06:57.727" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T16:45:11.027" Title="What are the rules governing &quot;options&quot; in MLB?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2017-08-15T01:30:53.773" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16750/3526&quot;&gt;gdrt's answer&lt;/a&gt; provides an excellent summary of what occurred in the incident you provided as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, a player cannot receive multiple &amp;quot;red cards&amp;quot; in the same match. The reasoning behind this becomes apparent when you refer to the sanction as a sending-off, rather than a &amp;quot;red card&amp;quot;. The card is only a signal of the sanction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The yellow card communicates a caution and the red card communicates a sending-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is obvious that a player cannot be sent-off more than once in a match. The Laws do not explicitly state this, but it is implied in Laws 3 and 12.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the technical area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only a player, substitute or substituted player may be shown the red or yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3 - The Players, Section 7 - Extra Persons on The Field of Play&lt;/a&gt;, the following language is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... a team official, substitute, substituted or sent off player ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 4 - Restart of Play After Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/a&gt;, the following language is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...  opposing player, substitute, substituted or sent off player, or team official ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distinction is made, as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when a &lt;em&gt;player&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;substitute&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;substituted player&lt;/em&gt; is sent off, they become a &lt;em&gt;sent off player&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;only &lt;em&gt;players&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;substitutes&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;substituted players&lt;/em&gt; can be sent off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;therefore, players who are already sent off cannot be sent off again - the red card or yellow card is not shown for subsequent sending-off or cautionable offences committed by a player after they have been sent off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As happened in this case, if a player commits further misconduct (e.g. cautionable or sending-off offences) after having been sent-off, it is simply noted in the referee's report and the competition's disciplinary administrator or committee makes a determination on the matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T01:30:53.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18567" CreationDate="2017-08-15T02:22:10.280" Score="12" ViewCount="10742" Body="&lt;p&gt;From this article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-08-14/the-last-american-baseball-glove-maker-refuses-to-die&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Last American Baseball-Glove Maker Refuses to Die&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the early days of baseball, it was considered unmanly to use a glove. Broken bones were common. The first mass-produced gloves had little padding and no fingers. In the 1920s and ’30s, companies started producing gloves with a web between the thumb and forefinger, to create a pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there once was a time when baseball players didn't wear gloves. Hence the questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why didn't cricketers ever start wearing gloves?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is fielding in baseball really more liable to lead to finger injuries than cricket fielding?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="790" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T11:36:05.527" Title="Why did baseball players start wearing gloves but cricket players not?" Tags="|cricket|baseball|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16753" CreationDate="2017-08-15T08:20:08.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The high points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is sent to the minors for more than 20 days in a season, that is an &amp;quot;option&amp;quot;able assignment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams are normally permitted to do this up to 3 times (years) for a player.  So a player that goes up and down his first 3 years in the league will be &amp;quot;out of options&amp;quot;.  If the team doesn't need the player on the major league roster, and the player doesn't have a remaining option, they would have to release him, trade him, or allow other teams to acquire him (place him on waivers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no limit* to the number of times a player can sent back and forth in a season that their option is exercised, but they normally have to remain on the minor-league roster for 10 days once sent down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 5 years in the league, the player has the right to refuse option assignments (even if options remain).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several other infrequent cases possible.  I don't know of any official MLB public page that shows all of the exact rules.  This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thecubreporter.com/book/export/html/3521&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cubs&lt;/a&gt; page has a good description of how this works and has a lot more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[*] MLB announced that beginning with the 2023 season, players would be limited to 5 optional assignments in one year without having to clear waivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-11-07T16:45:11.027" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T16:45:11.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16731" CreationDate="2017-08-15T23:53:12.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You state that the referee declared this match a draw, but this is not possible. Matches only proceed to extra time and kicks from the penalty mark if a draw is not an available outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/chapters/winning-team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match, Section 2 - Winning Team&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team scoring the greater number of goals is the winner. If both teams score no goals or an equal number of goals the match is drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When competition rules require a winning team after a drawn match or home-and-away tie, the only permitted procedures to determine the winning team are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;away goals rule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;two equal periods of extra time not exceeding 15 minutes each&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the match wasn't drawn after 90 minutes, a draw is not a possible outcome here, and it appears that the referee has failed to apply the competition rules correctly. The competition administrator is likely to step in and declare the match abandoned instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 - The Duration of the Match, Section 5 - Abandoned Match&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending upon the competition rules, there are many possible outcomes. Some of the common possibilities in competition rules that I've seen are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a result cannot be found on the day of the match, the title being played for is shared by the teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lots are drawn / a coin is tossed to determine the winner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicks from the penalty mark are resumed from where the match was abandoned on another day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is no specific competition rule, there may be a general rule empowering the competition administrator to make any judgement about the result of a match in extraordinary circumstances such as this one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short of any competition rule, the match is replayed in full.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T23:53:12.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16772" CreationDate="2017-08-16T02:59:43.690" Score="9" ViewCount="8465" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone remembers Benzema's &lt;em&gt;&quot;La croqueta&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000786/match=2019639/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;against Atlético Madrid in the 2nd leg of 2016/2017 Champions League's semi-final&lt;/a&gt;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qiro1.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000786/match=2019639/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that you've remembered, my question is what if Benzema would have been fouled behind the goal line (outside the pitch) near the penalty area when the ball is still clearly in the field? How the game would have been then restarted, namely, if Benzema was fouled at this very moment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aAxAo.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aAxAo.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possible outcomes that I think of are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalty &lt;em&gt;(benefits non-offending team)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indirect free kick from the nearest spot to the foul &lt;em&gt;(benefits offending team)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dropped ball from the nearest spot to the foul &lt;em&gt;(benefits offending team)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T12:59:21.850" LastActivityDate="2022-11-28T17:58:44.557" Title="What happens when fouled behind the goal line near the penalty area?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16773" CreationDate="2017-08-16T05:50:12.200" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;On August 15 2017 Giancarlo Stanton hit a homerun for a 6th straight games. This has made me to know the followings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the longest number of consecutive games for a player with homeruns?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the most number of homeruns hit in a streak of consecutive games with homers?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T21:12:55.093" Title="What's the longest streak of games with homeruns for a batter?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|records|home-run|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16769" CreationDate="2017-08-16T08:40:15.140" Score="3" ViewCount="6497" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a football player to be given a direct red card (after a previous yellow card in the same game) for a sending-off offense? Has it ever happened in any match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13854" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-16T10:29:22.343" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T22:26:21.997" Title="Direct red card after previous yellow" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16766" CreationDate="2017-08-16T08:56:57.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. If the offence is such that requires an immediate red card (like being the last player and fouling the attacker on the clear goalscoring chance)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13855" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T08:56:57.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16768" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-16T09:39:19.833" Score="1" ViewCount="1471" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is based on cricket NRR calculation. Below is the scenario explained:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match start time 7:45am, date 13-08-2017, match overs 16 decided by organizer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match between team A and team B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A had time delay and penalty of 1 overs reduction was announced by organizer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B played complete 16 overs, whereas team A played only 15 overs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: The run rate for Team A should be calculated considering 15 overs or 16 overs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13856" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T08:41:01.907" LastActivityDate="2021-02-18T04:34:14.830" Title="How is net run rate calculated if one team loses overs due to a penalty?" Tags="|cricket|icc|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16766" CreationDate="2017-08-16T11:03:38.280" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation you've described happens quite frequently actually and you will see the examples at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can read from the IFAB (International Football Association Board) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game; Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct; 3. Disciplinary Action; Sending-off Offences Section&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the&#xA;  following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (except a goalkeeper&#xA;  within their penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent whose overall movement is towards the offender’s goal by an&#xA;  offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;serious foul play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;spitting at an opponent or any other person&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;violent conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So, receiving a second caution in the same match is one of the 7 main reasons to be sent off but not the only reason.&lt;/strong&gt; There's no mention in the Laws of the Game, that a player can't be shown direct red card after being already cautioned by a yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation is also implied in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/75/fifadisciplinarycode2017eng_neutral.pdf#page=18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Disciplinary Code; Article 17. Caution&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If a player is guilty of serious unsporting behaviour as defined in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game and is sent off (direct red card), any&#xA;  other caution he has previously received in the same match is upheld.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which implies that if someone got direct red card, he or she could've also been cautioned with a yellow card before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Examples:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/match/WAmoN0LH/#match-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Éver Banega receives the direct red card (not second yellow) 5 seconds after he receives his first yellow card&lt;/a&gt; in La Liga 2017/18 Sevilla vs Espanyol (1-1). &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/epUTbp6UMyI?t=1m33s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Video)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/match/z9sMYcEp/#match-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hugo Mallo receiving the direct red card after previous yellow card&lt;/a&gt; in La Liga 2016/17 Eibar vs Celta Vigo (1-0). &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/jByWnf1TICU?t=1m20s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Video)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/match/UssyZhkO/#match-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eliaquim Mangala&lt;/a&gt; in La Liga 2016/17 Barcelona vs Valencia (4-2).&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/KTchFivLxgE?t=38s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Video)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/match/E9Z51CQu/#match-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marouane Fellaini tripping (yellow) and then head-butting (direct red) Sergio Aguero&lt;/a&gt; in Premier League 2016/17 Manchester City vs Manchester United (0-0). &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/9k32jpjAMRw?t=11m4s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(The only official video I've found)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-19T23:48:24.933" LastActivityDate="2017-08-19T23:48:24.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16540" CreationDate="2017-08-16T12:40:45.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is specifically covered in the NFL rules for 2017 as rule 12, section 3, article 2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the defense shall not commit successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score: If the violation is repeated after a warning, the score involved is awarded to the offensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same section, article 4 refers to &amp;quot;Palpably Unfair Acts&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpably_unfair_act&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpably_unfair_act&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player or substitute shall not interfere with play by any act which is palpably unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a palpably unfair act: ...... The Referee ...... enforces any such distance penalty as they consider equitable ...... The Referee may award a score. See 15-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in my example above, once the defense have committed two fouls, moving the ball to 1.25 yd line, the referee would give them a warning : do that again and I'll give a TD under article 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While, if the offense has the ball 1st and Goal at the 1 yd line, and a linebacker took a shot at the QB before the snap, thinking that it's only an 18 inch penalty - that could be a TD (and ejection) under article 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13857" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T12:40:45.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16764" CreationDate="2017-08-16T13:31:26.097" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4 Fouls and misconduct / Restart of play after fouls and misconduct&lt;/a&gt; covers this explicitly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, when the ball is in play [...] a player commits an offence against a match official or an opposing player [...] outside the field of play, play is restarted with a free kick on the boundary line nearest to where the offence/interference occurred; a penalty kick is awarded if this is a direct free kick offence within the offender’s penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore it would be a penalty in the specific case you highlighted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T13:31:26.097" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16765" CreationDate="2017-08-16T13:51:57.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=1786653&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;As of 16 August 2017&lt;/a&gt;, the record stands at 8 consecutive games with a home run, and that is held by 3 people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dale Long - Pittsburgh Pirates - May 19 - 28th 1956 (8 Home Runs hit)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don Mattingly - New York Yankees - July 8th - 18th 1987 (10 Home Runs hit)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ken Griffey Jr - Seattle Mariners - July 20th - 28th 1993 (8 Home Runs hit)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_individual_streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another source.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8937" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T21:12:55.093" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T21:12:55.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16774" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-16T15:07:57.357" Score="3" ViewCount="857" Body="&lt;p&gt;As WADA states in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wada-ama.org/en/questions-answers/dietary-and-nutritional-supplements&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;CAN AN ATHLETE TEST POSITIVE FROM USING DIETARY/NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS? UP&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Extreme caution is recommended regarding supplement use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The use of dietary supplements by athletes is a concern because in&#xA;  many countries the manufacturing and labeling of supplements may not&#xA;  follow strict rules, which may lead to a supplement containing an&#xA;  undeclared substance that is prohibited under anti-doping regulations.&#xA;  A significant number of positive tests have been attributed to the&#xA;  misuse of supplements and taking a poorly labeled dietary supplement&#xA;  is not an adequate defense in a doping hearing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wada-ama.org/en/questions-answers/prohibited-list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PROHIBITED LIST&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;CAN I TEST POSITIVE FOR INGESTING GLYCEROL FOUND IN FOODSTUFFS AND TOILETRIES OR FOR USING IT AS A LUBRICANT? UP&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Glycerol is prohibited as a plasma expander. The consumption of&#xA;  quantities of glycerol far beyond those commonly found in e.g. foods,&#xA;  beverages, personal care products, medicinal tablets tuffs, cough&#xA;  syrup is required to produce an Adverse Analytical Finding. Therefore,&#xA;  its prohibition is not intended to prevent the ingestion of this&#xA;  substance in the amounts commonly found in foodstuffs and toiletries,&#xA;  as such small quantities will not cause an athlete to test positive&#xA;  for this Prohibited Substance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, athletes with disabilities may use glycerol as a&#xA;  lubricant agent for a catheter but this will not cause a problem in a&#xA;  doping control for the aforementioned reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any cases like positive doping test because athlete ate some meat that was grown with hormones or steroids?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not asking about medicine. I am asking about daily food, is there anything that should be avoided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13858" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T08:39:31.830" Title="Is there any list of doping that could be found in daily food?" Tags="|doping|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16774" CreationDate="2017-08-16T15:37:55.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I boxed in the late 90s while in college.  My dining hall was not feeding me enough so I was heavily smuggling food out for late night snacks.  I found out that the easiest food to smuggle out and that would actually take decent were the bagels.  And the only ones they had left at the end of the meals were the poppy seed ones.  So I was eating 4-5 very large poppy seed bagels a day for snacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right before golden gloves finals we were taken to a facility, met agents, talked with some of us about joining Olympic team (not me), allowed our trainers to train us there... lots of fun actually.  But we also had weigh-ins and a drug test the first day.  And since I was a light middle weight weighing 190 I was having at least 5 of the poppy seed bagels a day to gain weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was a completely drug free person (save beer).  Failed my first test - told me traces of morphine in my system.  It took two days to figure out why and many meetings with officials.  I also had doctors raising an eye brow when I explained to them I was eating 25-30 poppy seed bagels a week.  It was like a bad sitcom episode.  The only thing that kept me from getting kicked out is they actually called the school, spoke to the lady who ran the dining hall, and she knew I was taking the bagels every night - I listened to her on speaker.  (I think her exact words were that skinny guy who eats like a horse takes all the bagels every night.  We would throw them out anyway so I never cared.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T15:37:55.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16766" CreationDate="2017-08-16T15:40:51.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an ex referee.&#xA;YES it is fully possible to give a direct red card. The punishment is more severe for a direct red in match suspensions (3) than it would have been for two yellow cards amount to a red (1 match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the recent Ronaldo sending off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He took 2 yellow cards, 1 for taking off his shirt, one for simulation (though that is debatable). He received 2 yellow cards and this gave him his red. He took a one match ban. However after the incident he received a further ban for pushing the referee for the poor decision. This increased his ban even though he wasn't even a participant in the game any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13859" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T15:40:51.947" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16739" CreationDate="2017-08-16T17:05:31.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, at least it's not the only one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The analysis of all debut games in the new season of top 5 European league reigning winners from &lt;em&gt;season 1998/2000 till now&lt;/em&gt;, shows that the only game that matches the same criteria was 2002/2003 Ligue 1 debut game &lt;strong&gt;Guingamp vs Lyon (3:3)&lt;/strong&gt;, the Lyonnaise side being the reigning champions of 2001/2002 season and conceding 3 goals in the debut match of the following season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting side fact is that this milestone has been achieved thanks to the future Chelsea FC's legend but then young &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/fxSfO33ekWE?t=15s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Didier Drogba's late equalizer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T17:05:31.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16774" CreationDate="2017-08-17T07:03:31.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8259848_Non-Intentional_Doping_in_Sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Non-Intentional Doping in Sports&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (by Mauricio Yonamine, Paula Rodrigues Garcia, Regina Lúcia Moreau) which refers to several real cases of positive doping tests and several researces, it is really possible to recieve banned substances into your body unintentionally (e.g. non-smokers could passively inhale enough marijuana, or eat as much poppy-seed-containing food so that it could result in positive test, as in @Coach-D case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the article is of 2004 year and limits (concentration of banned substance in urine) could have changed from that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway it is possible to intentionally avoid consumption of such stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.: this is still &lt;strong&gt;not full answer&lt;/strong&gt; to my question becouse &lt;strong&gt;there is no up to date list of daily products that could possibly contain banned substances&lt;/strong&gt; (and better with evaluation of concentration wich is enough to be detected)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13858" LastEditorUserId="13858" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T08:39:31.830" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T08:39:31.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16783" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16784" CreationDate="2017-08-17T11:23:01.090" Score="2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 16th August 2017, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/16/real-madrid-barcelona-spanish-super-cup-match-report&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the second leg of the Spanish Supercopa was played&lt;/a&gt;. The starting time of the match was 11 PM (UTC +2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/es/noticias/por-que-el-clasico-de-supercopa-se-juega-a-las-2300-de-la/ea7m91hyy7b1r1ac3bbapt9j&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;¿Por qué el clásico de Supercopa se juega a las 23:00?&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Why does the clásico of Supercopa is played at 11 PM&lt;/em&gt;), they say (my translation from Spanish):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Because that day there are Champions League calification matches, which are played at the normal time 20:45, and UEFA imposes no official matches to be played while their own official competitions are being played. So Spanish Supercopa could not be played between 8.45 PM and 10.30 PM.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what is the reasoning for UEFA to have this rule? Since they are completely different competitions, what is the problem on having them on the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T11:31:56.180" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T11:41:58.847" Title="Why doesn't UEFA allow other official matches at the same time as their own competitions?" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16783" CreationDate="2017-08-17T11:41:58.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious reason is to protect the audience (both in person and on television) of their official competitions - if people could have watched &quot;el clásico&quot; on television rather than a Champions League qualifier, I suspect I know which way the audience would have gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T11:41:58.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-17T14:37:03.097" Score="2" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batted ball strikes a runner on the offensive team (assume that the ball already went by an infielder, nullifying any interference) and is caught before hitting the ground by the defense, is this an out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, what happens if the ball strikes a runner leading off third completely in foul territory and is caught before hitting the ground? Is this just an immediate dead ball since it struck a person in foul territory?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T19:18:04.393" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T20:50:18.913" Title="If a batted ball strikes a runner on the offensive team and is caught before hitting the ground by the defense, is this an out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13572" CreationDate="2017-08-17T20:45:03.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The issue you've highlighted is addressed in the &lt;strong&gt;Article 5. Integrity of the Competition&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/46/71/38/2467138_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=15&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/46/71/42/2467142_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;/a&gt; Regulations, 5.01:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.01. To ensure the integrity of the UEFA club competitions, the following criteria apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;no club participating in a UEFA club competition may, either directly or indirectly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;hold or deal in the securities or shares of any other club participating in a UEFA club competition,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be a member of any other club participating in a UEFA club competition,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be involved in any capacity whatsoever in the management, administration and/or sporting performance of any other club&#xA;  participating in a UEFA club competition, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;have any power whatsoever in the management, administration and/or sporting performance of any other club participating in a UEFA club&#xA;  competition;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If two or more such clubs were to qualify to CL or EL, only one of them would be admitted&lt;/strong&gt; according to 5.02:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.02. If two or more clubs fail to meet the criteria aimed at ensuring the integrity of the competition, only one of them may be admitted to&#xA;  a UEFA club competition, in accordance with the following criteria&#xA;  (applicable in descending order):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the club which qualifies on sporting merit for the &lt;strong&gt;more prestigious UEFA club competition&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., in descending order: UEFA Champions&#xA;  League and UEFA Europa League);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the club which was &lt;strong&gt;best-ranked in the domestic championship&lt;/strong&gt; giving access to the relevant UEFA club competition;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the club whose &lt;strong&gt;association has the highest association coefficient&lt;/strong&gt; ranking, drawn up in accordance with Annex D.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your last question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the past, has there ever been a situation like this?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of 2016/17 season German Bundesliga runners-up &lt;strong&gt;RB Leipzig&lt;/strong&gt; and Austrian Bundesliga champions &lt;strong&gt;RB Salzburg&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(both de-facto owned by Red Bull conglomerate)&lt;/em&gt; qualified to 2017/18 Champions League, but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/disciplinary/news/newsid=2480339.html?redirectFromOrg=true&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Club Financial Control Body (CFCB) has decided to accept the admission&lt;/a&gt; of both clubs to the tournament, stating that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 5 (Integrity of the competition) of the competition&#xA;  regulations is not breached.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Following a thorough investigation, and further to several important&#xA;  governance and structural changes made by the clubs (regarding&#xA;  corporate matters, financing, personnel, sponsorship arrangements,&#xA;  etc.), the CFCB deemed that no individual or legal entity had anymore&#xA;  a decisive influence over more than one club participating in a UEFA&#xA;  club competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The CFCB will continue to monitor both clubs to ensure that integrity&#xA;  rules are respected going forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/OfficialDocument/uefaorg/ClubFinancialControl/02/48/50/34/2485034_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find the full decision of the aforementioned case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T20:45:03.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16793" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-19T22:52:16.757" Score="1" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 8-ball after ball groups have been designated.(no longer open table), A player mistakenly calls a shot and pockets his apponent's ball but &quot;Foul&quot; was not called. The offending player then called a second shot and pocketed another ball from his apponent's group of balls. This time Foul was called. My question is what rule prevails?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13879" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T03:55:58.973" Title="Mistakenly shooting one of the wrong group of balls in 8-ball" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16795" CreationDate="2017-08-20T16:06:42.017" Score="3" ViewCount="3016" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the second round of 2017/18 Premier League season, Arsenal lost to Stoke City despite of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40908333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;having 77% possession&lt;/a&gt;. Does it set the record for the highest possession team losing the match? If not, which team is the record holder?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12685" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-21T12:35:18.283" LastActivityDate="2023-05-20T19:07:54.800" Title="Which team got the highest possession but still lost the match?" Tags="|football|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16794" CreationDate="2017-08-20T18:04:58.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not entirely sure if this is the record holder, but lowest that I could find is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/celtic/9663926/Stats-How-Celtic-beat-Barcelona-despite-having-just-16-per-cent-possession.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Celtic winning 2-1 against Barcelona&lt;/a&gt; in Champions League with just &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/table/2012/nov/08/lowest-champions-league-possession-percentages-win&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16.36% possession&lt;/a&gt; meaning Barcelona lost with &lt;strong&gt;83.64% possession&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the match mentioned in question is not even the record for Premier League, that record belongs to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/news/77002&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Burnley's 19.4% win against Liverpool&lt;/a&gt; meaning Liverpool lost with &lt;strong&gt;80.6% possession&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thisisanfield.com/2016/08/burnley-record-lowest-possession-premier-league-win-since-records-began-liverpool/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T18:22:09.913" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T18:22:09.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16625" CreationDate="2017-08-20T20:38:51.423" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why is this?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because FIFA requires the clubs to provide their players to associations when they are called up. This obligation is stated in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/02/70/95/52/regulationsonthestatusandtransferofplayersnov2016weben_neutral.pdf#page=34&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players - Annexe 1: Release of players to association teams&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Clubs are &lt;strong&gt;obliged&lt;/strong&gt; to release their registered players to the representative teams of the country for which the player is eligible&#xA;  to play on the basis of his nationality if they are called up by the&#xA;  association concerned. Any agreement between a player and a club to&#xA;  the contrary is prohibited.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Do Soccer Leagues have less control over their players than the NHL does?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Domestic football leagues (or their corresponding associations) have no control over players. These leagues are not isolated as NHL but are member associations of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONMEBOL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONMEBOL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CAF&lt;/a&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the clubs (like Real Madrid, Manchester United, Bayern Munich etc.) that have control over their players and they have much more control over them than NHL teams have over their own: e.g they can grow their own players in their own youth academies, sell them for cash etc. The only thing clubs can't do is not to comply with FIFA or respective federation (e.g UEFA) rules, otherwise they will not be able to acquire licences in order to compete in the most prestigious continental club tournaments (like Champions League, Copa Libertadores etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is it just too big of a tradition to break?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These breaks are not random, they are published on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/calendar/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA International Match Calendar&lt;/a&gt;. Annexes &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/02/70/95/52/regulationsonthestatusandtransferofplayersnov2016weben_neutral.pdf#page=34&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 and 4&lt;/a&gt; well define the dates of breaks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After consultation with the relevant stakeholders, FIFA publishes the international match calendar for the period of four or eight&#xA;  years. It will include all international windows for the relevant&#xA;  period. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An international window is defined as a period of nine days starting on a Monday morning and ending on Tuesday night the following&#xA;  week, which is reserved for representative teams’ activities. During&#xA;  any international window a maximum of two matches may be played by&#xA;  each representative team, irrespective of whether these matches are&#xA;  qualifying matches for an international tournament or friendlies. The&#xA;  pertinent matches can be scheduled any day as from Wednesday during&#xA;  the international window, provided that a minimum of two full calendar&#xA;  days are left between two matches (e.g. Thursday/Sunday or&#xA;  Saturday/Tuesday).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Maybe there is complaint that I'm just not aware of?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are for sure. Coaches always complain about that matter &lt;em&gt;(and about everything else as well)&lt;/em&gt; in press-conferences but they can't really do anything against that. E.g, big club coaches continuously express their annoyances about their players being called up against micronations (like Andorra, San-Marino), but these teams are still competing in qualifying phases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Or something else?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, FIFA is not that evil: there is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/64/76/90/technicalbulletinmitcirculare.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Club Protection Programme&lt;/a&gt; which provides compensations for the losses encountered by the clubs during the period that the called-up players are temporarily totally disabled (TTD):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose of the FIFA Club Protection Programme:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The programme will provide compensation for football clubs in the&#xA;  event that “A” representative team football players participating for&#xA;  their association suffer a TTD, which lasts for more than 28&#xA;  consecutive days, as a result of bodily injuries caused by an&#xA;  accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The programme will not provide any cover for permanent total&#xA;  disablement or death or for any costs of medical treatment. The&#xA;  programme will compensate the football clubs that employ the injured&#xA;  football player(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T20:38:51.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16798" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19898" CreationDate="2017-08-21T02:52:31.370" Score="2" ViewCount="1655" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://eplindex.com/15004/robin-van-persie-the-best-of-the-best-opta-stats.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robin van Persie hitting the woodwork 10 times in a Premier League 2011/12&lt;/a&gt; is the biggest one that I have found so far for Premier League. Is this the record for Premier League, and what is the record for other European Leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-21T12:55:14.560" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T12:26:26.357" Title="Record for player hitting the woodwork most number of times in a season in top European leagues?" Tags="|football|records|english-premier-league|la-liga|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-21T03:59:55.490" Score="2" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tottenham Hotspur's goal difference of +60 in 2016/17 season is the highest in Premier League history for a non-title winning side. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsportsasia.com/news/all-the-best-stats-from-the-premier-league-201617-season/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Opta Stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the highest goal difference for non-title winning side in other European leagues such as La Liga, Bundesliga etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Highest goal difference for title winning side is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Premier league: Chelsea 71 (2009-10)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;La liga: Real Madrid 89 (2011-12)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bundesliga: Bayern Munich 80 (2012-13)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Serie A: N/A&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ligue 1: Paris Saint-Germain 83 (2015-16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T13:40:57.527" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T21:54:45.017" Title="Highest goal-difference for non-title winning side in top 5 European leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|la-liga|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16799" CreationDate="2017-08-21T04:06:17.823" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011-12 season of La Liga&lt;/a&gt;, Real Madrid set a record high goal difference of 89 goals on their way to the title. Barcelona finished runners-up and had an impressive goal difference of 85.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not found the statistics for the record goal difference across seasons, but if 89 is the record, 85 seems like it would be one of the highest goal difference for a non title winning side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T11:59:41.317" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T11:59:41.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16803" CreationDate="2017-08-21T11:47:07.973" Score="6" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been figuring out the ranking system in tennis recently. I took a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_US_Open_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the page for the 2017 Men's singles for the US Open&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has the current ranking points for each player, how many points they are defending at the US Open and the minimum number of points they will end up on afterwards (assuming they play and lose one match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one line I could not figure out was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;30 | Argentina | Diego Schwartzman | 1,280 | 10+90 | 10+45 | 1,235 | First round vs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, he is defending 10+90 points from last year. Last year Diego Schwartzman got knocked out in the first round and did not have to come through qualifying so should have gotten 10 points surely?&#xA;Also it says his minimum for this year is 10+45 but surely it should be 10?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is the only player listed like this (everyone else has 10 as their minimum ranking points) and I can't figure out where the 90 and 45 points come from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13885" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-08-25T15:18:55.837" LastActivityDate="2017-08-25T15:18:55.837" Title="In Tennis rankings what does 10+45 mean in terms of getting ranking points?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16449" CreationDate="2017-08-21T13:24:12.083" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another purpose to this rule besides lapped cars being mixed up between the leaders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are in the 2nd half of the race. Two drivers (let's say, Hulkenberg and Perez) fight for P10, which is effectively a fight for a Championship point. They are far from the leader (almost a lap down). Perez is currently P11 and a few seconds behind Hulkenberg, who is P10. Perez is lapping a second a lap faster than Hulkenberg and so he's almost sure to catch Hulkenberg and overtake him before the end of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The race leader catches up to Perez, who gets shown blue flags and lets the leader pass him. He is now lapped. At this moment, some accident happens and the safety car is deployed. It picks up the leader and other drivers line up behind him, including Perez, who's been lapped just before the safety car was deployed and so he's right behind the race leader. But Hulkenberg hasn't yet been lapped and so he is now allowed to do an entire lap and join the end of the queue behind the safety car. Now Hulkenberg effectively has entire lap's advantage over Perez (even though it was just a few seconds before the safety car period) and Perez will not be able to close that gap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the lapped cars are able to unlap themselves, Perez will also do an extra lap and join the queue just behind Hulkenberg, which means he will be able to fight Hulkenberg for 10th position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13886" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T13:24:12.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16801" CreationDate="2017-08-21T22:26:18.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/players/diego-schwartzman/sm37/player-activity?year=2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diego Schwartzman's 2016 playing activity&lt;/a&gt;, he was knocked out in the first round of the US Open. Since the US Open is a 2 week long event, rather than not play any matches for the next 2 weeks, Schwartzman played in a Challenger event being held in Barranquilla, Colombia during the second week of the US Open, where he actually won the tournament and picked up 90 points for doing so. That's where the &quot;+90&quot; comes from because those rankings points will be coming off of his total along with the +10 he got for a first round loss at the 2016 US Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the +45 goes, you were able to figure it out as described in your comment on this answer, which at the time of editing my comment here said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;By the end of the US Open his 90 points from Barranquilla will no longer be valid (as they will be over 52 weeks old). However Schwartzman can still count 18 competitions towards his ranking score and his best non countable event was 45 points from a 250 series event in Sao Paulo&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2017-08-22T09:08:13.240" LastActivityDate="2017-08-22T09:08:13.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16804" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-22T01:43:08.927" Score="7" ViewCount="2899" Body="&lt;p&gt;A one-inning &quot;reliever&quot; in Major League Baseball will typically throw between 5 and 20 pitches in a game. How many warm up pitches does he need before he can do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Said reliever is allowed up to eight &quot;practice&quot; pitches from the mound (except in the case of an unexpected injury, when the reliever gets as many pitches as he needs). So how many pitches might the reliever have thrown in the bullpen before being called into a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T13:01:41.720" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T03:05:11.927" Title="How many pitches does a reliever usually need to warm up?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16810" CreationDate="2017-08-22T04:14:05.943" Score="2" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been looking everywhere for used sets and beginner kits, particularly for splashing on a sport I don't know really how to play yet! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will probably be chastised for being so cheap but I am looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsdirect.com/SearchResults?DescriptionFilter=dunlop%20tour#dcp=1&amp;amp;dppp=100&amp;amp;OrderBy=rank&amp;amp;Filter=CATG%5EGolf+Clubs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dunlop Tour clubs&lt;/a&gt;. I've assembled a set of clubs that's approaching my budget:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 Hybrid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 Hybrid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 Iron&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 Iron&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pitching Wedge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Putter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would a rookie benefit from anything else? I am imagining on a par 3-4 with my slow swings the hybrid to tee off, iron to approach, wedge um not sure sure but it's on all the guides but they also say the hybrids are good for bunkers/rough and the putter of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the absolute minimum clubs for a beginner to use on driving range, putting greens, pitch &amp;amp; putt par 3? ...hopefully something that will see me through beginning to start on full courses as well, slowly!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13889" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-02T20:43:56.610" LastActivityDate="2019-11-02T20:43:56.610" Title="How to choose your first set of golf clubs as a beginner?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13998" CreationDate="2017-08-22T21:58:07.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the picture, green has control of the ball in the ruck. If the ball comes out (passes the foot of the last green man) then the blue team can engage if they are coming from an onside position. The onside line for them would be the foot of the last blue man in the ruck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13894" LastActivityDate="2017-08-22T21:58:07.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13983" CreationDate="2017-08-23T00:10:57.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it's laconically stated in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/official-documents/law-regulations/index.html#doctransfersreg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players - Article 16: Restriction on terminating a contract during the season&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A contract cannot be unilaterally terminated during the course of a&#xA;  season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which suggests that &lt;strong&gt;the sides &lt;em&gt;(current club and the player)&lt;/em&gt; should bilaterally agree on the transfer during the course of the season&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(winter transfer window in most cases is in the middle of the season)&lt;/em&gt;, as the activation of the release clause against the will of the current club is an unilateral termination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T06:02:04.513" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T06:02:04.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2017-08-23T03:33:25.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the language used, some responders appear to believe that merely showing the second yellow is a dismissal.  This is incorrect.  After the second yellow and before the restart of play, the referee must actually SHOW the red card following the display of the second yellow card.  As others have correctly noted, once this occurs, the player (or substitute) becomes a dismissed player and therefore cannot be shown any further cards of any color for any reason.  Any behavior that might be cautionable or warrant a dismissal is simply included in the match report and left to the discretion of the competition authority. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13895" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T03:33:25.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-23T04:29:56.760" Score="7" ViewCount="1424" Body="&lt;p&gt;At one time, I know I read an interpretation/guidance from the IFAB that a referee who forgets to show the red card following the giving of a second yellow can still issue the red card at a later time upon either realizing the error himself or being informed of his error by a member of the officiating team.  Further in such a case, any major game events associated with the now-dismissed player still stand even if they occurred after the second yellow card (e.g., a goal scored). I lost some of my historical materials in a move and now cannot find any reference to this except in USSF's Advice to Referees.  Can anyone point me to an IFAB source?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13896" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T00:43:04.960" Title="Second Yellow, Forgot Red, Can it be given later?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16805" CreationDate="2017-08-23T06:19:18.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of minimum clubs for the. driving range, it's whatever you want to work at.  I've taken One before, even after having golfed a couple decades.  A single iron or wood is plenty to learn and reverse the swing until you're getting good contact, and even after that you only need to practice whatever clubs you'll be seeking to use during the round. Won't hurt to take them all and give each occasional tries, just to find what you like and are good using, more than anything.  But no club is a wonder drug, so it can be helpful to remember not to become too focused on what club you're using on the range when learning. Changing clubs every time you struggle on a few shots is a welcome distraction... but boy if golf isn't about perservering and patience!  Remember hour very first goal at golf is to just get good at hitting the ball.  It's not easy!  So it doesn't hurt to just work at it with one or two clubs.  So you're set for that! No need to practice any of the clubs you don't have yet on the driving range until you've decided they're going to be helpful and needed on your round of golf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also have a reasonable range to try around the putting green or on a pitch and putt.  You may well even be content at a full layout with those to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Heck, I've played entire rounds on a full-sized source with just a putter!  Though that's a good way to break one!  (and good luck on holes that require you to hit over water... or out of bunkers!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But many a kid has started with a putter, a wedge, and a 7 iron, or a putter, a wedge, and a driver, and done just fine for a first time.  You don't need a lot, and you are already fine in that account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of clubs you may be wishing to look towards sooner than later:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps a more lofted sand or lob wedge, as getting out of deeper bunkers can be very difficult (even for many longtime players).  Generally for bunkers near the green (and at times even those in the fairway) you'll likely use wedges rather than hybrids, as the angle is more favorable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sand and lob wedges have additional loft that will aid you in getting the ball out.  Additionally the &quot;bounce&quot; of a sand wedge is designed specifically designed to help the club rebound up in the sand, and help ball leave the bunker, instead of digging the club into the ground.  It is most likely the next club most would look to because of its noticeable benefits.  Most beginner's I've played with have enjoyed at least borrowing a coplayer's SW for a shot or two by the time they've played a handful of rounds.  And most go that way for their next club purchase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, once you have some consistency hitting the ball, a driver or normal (non-hybrid) 3 wood may be helpful to adding distance consistently off the tee on longer holes (mostly on par 4s and 5s).  With the giant driver face many drivers have these days, you may also find it easier to hit than some of the hybrids.  And once you get decent at hitting it, a lot of the fun for most comes in hitting it far.  So often that is an early purchase for people too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, neither club is particularly vital right off the bat, you don't need a ton to start with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The frustrations of golf for many seems to sort of fall loosely into a progression of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hitting the ball at all&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hitting the ball consistently&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hitting the ball far enough&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hitting the ball straight enough&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(well really 1a-4a) Putting and chipping around the green&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though we all do certainly struggle with all of them (even regressing to failing at the basics occasionally after many years of improving golf)... enough to drive (haha) us nuts plenty!  Nothing to feel embarrassed about (though we all do feel it occasionally when we hit one of those ugly shots, even as we're all in the same boat).  Hopefully shots like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.golfdigest.com/story/pga-championship-2017-watch-rod-pampling-try-to-pull-a-happy-gilmore-trying-to-beat-darkness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; will remind you it's natural!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's an idea of what will drive you nuts.  And you'll likely seek clubs to help as they match those stages of peak frustration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you're really fine to give it a try.  The exact number or the cost of the clubs at the start don't mean anything at all.  You don't need a seven gear Lamborthink with 100 settings to learn to drive. It probably just makes it harder.  Likewise with golf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then SW\Driver\LW will likely be the two or three clubs that you look to seek out sooner than the other irons.  The missing irons are just used for more precise distance selection later down the line.  You'll already soon be working into the basic idea...  the longer the shot, the higher on your list you'll look towards for a club.  A 3-hybrid goes a lot further when hit solid than a 9 iron.  But a 7 iron vs an 8 iron is (for example) the difference of hitting it 150 yards versus 140 yards.  Just not a giant issue worth troubling with until you can hit them solid fairly consistently, as you won't be able to apply it helpfully.  Either has a fair shot of getting near or even on a green from that range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For most golfers their first few range sessions and rounds, it'll be more about finding a club or two you feel most comfortable hitting.  Many seem to really take a liking to a 7 iron, but each has their own.  Whatever you feel gives you the best chance of hitting it good, even if it doesn't go quite as far, is your best friend... both in terms of using fewer shots on the course... and in terms of making it enjoyable.  And then work into more and more clubs as you improve and you find need to start tuning the distance aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it sounds like you're ready to give it a go!  Hope you hit em well!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-08-23T07:13:13.490" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T07:13:13.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16820" CreationDate="2017-08-23T09:04:53.087" Score="3" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is Sher-Wood T90 considered a pro stock hockey stick? Do some NHL players use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13897" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T23:50:11.860" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T23:50:11.860" Title="Is Sher-Wood T90 considered a pro stock hockey stick?" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16809" CreationDate="2017-08-23T11:38:58.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB laws of the game&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may not change a decision on realising that it is&#xA;incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play has&#xA;restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second&#xA;half (including extra time) and left the field of play or terminated&#xA;the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/history/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule in 2005&lt;/a&gt; was introduced as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may change their decision upon realising that it is&#xA;incorrect or, at their discretion, on the advice of an assistant&#xA;referee, provided that they have not already restarted play or&#xA;terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means forgoted Red card can be given, only if play hasn't restarted or the referee hasn't signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/the-referee-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FAQ&lt;/a&gt; of IFAB:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q.Why has reference to ‘left the field of play at the end of the half’&#xA;been added to when a referee can no longer change a decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This&#xA;is because there have been examples of referees wrongly changing a&#xA;decision during half-time (because it was claimed that play had not&#xA;restarted).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been able to find two such incidents of forgetting Red cards, one in &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/5108722.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World cup by English referee Graham Poll&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/jun/29/worldcup2006.sport26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and another by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/20870041&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;referee Mick Russell&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T11:38:58.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16646" CreationDate="2017-08-23T13:31:37.620" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Herbert Chapman is believed to be the inventor of counter-attacking style of play. From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Chapman#Northampton_Town&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;, citing &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=p1VBAAAACAAJ&amp;amp;dq=9780285634169&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjzzNbate3VAhVBXhoKHf4qDFIQ6AEIKDAA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Studd, Stephen (1998) - Herbert Chapman, Football Emperor: A Study in the Origins of Modern Soccer&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gradually, he created a style of highly-organised, counter-attacking&#xA;  football, which was at odds with the prevailing orthodoxy but&#xA;  nevertheless highly effective; Swindon Town's England international&#xA;  Harold Fleming, after losing 4–1 at home to Northampton, remarked to&#xA;  Chapman: &quot;You have something more than a team: you have a machine.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably, &lt;strong&gt;Swindon Town's 1 - 4 defeat to Northampton Town&lt;/strong&gt; during the period of 1907-1912, when Chapman was the manager of Northampton, was one of the earliest recorded matches that employed counter-attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/12/future-football-tactics-evolution-invoke-the-past&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;TheGuardian&lt;/a&gt; post also mentions Chapman being the one who practiced counterattacking style of play in the clubs he managed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Early football very much focused on having the ball and trying to make&#xA;  use of it but, within 50 years, counterattacking had emerged, as&#xA;  practiced by Herbert Chapman, first at Northampton and then, more&#xA;  meaningfully, at Huddersfield and Arsenal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the counterattacking style of play was enhanced thanks to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)#WM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WM formation&lt;/a&gt; that was also created by Chapman:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The WM system, known for the shapes described by the positions of the&#xA;  players, was created in the mid-1920s by Herbert Chapman of Arsenal to&#xA;  counter a change in the offside law in 1925. The change had reduced&#xA;  the number of opposition players that attackers needed between&#xA;  themselves and the goal-line from three to two. This led to the&#xA;  introduction of a centre-back to stop the opposing centre-forward, and&#xA;  tried to balance defensive and offensive playing. The formation became&#xA;  so successful that by the late-1930s most English clubs had adopted&#xA;  the WM. [...] The gap in the centre of the formation between&#xA;  the two wing halves and the two inside forwards allowed Arsenal to&#xA;  counter-attack effectively. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the scheme of WM formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)#WM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/feSuo.png&quot; alt=&quot;WM formation&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)#WM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-27T12:15:52.200" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T12:15:52.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16809" CreationDate="2017-08-24T00:43:04.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws do not specifically account for this type of incident, as technically speaking, it should not occur. If it does occur, the referee needs to send-off the player as soon as they realise, even if it means stopping play to do so (unless the other team has a clear goalscoring opportunity and advantage can be played - in this case it is dealt with when the player to be sent-off interferes with play or an opponent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact wording of the sending of offence in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 2 - Decisions of the Referee&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final. The decisions of the referee, and all other match officials, must always be respected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may not change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play has restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The provision in Law 5 regarding not changing a decision once play has restarted does not apply here for two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, sending off a player who has received a second caution is not a fact connected with play - it is a fact connected with Law. The referee is only empowered to make decisions regarding facts connected with play. It is impossible by Law to made a decision to not send-off the player. If a player receives a second caution, they &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; be sent off as soon as the referee realises. By sending the player off (albeit later than it should have occurred), the referee is making a correction to a continuous misapplication of procedure that has occurred from the moment the second caution was issued up to the point of the send-off - they are not changing a decision so to speak.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, a player having received two cautions (as touched upon above) is a continuous offence. The fact that play has restarted does not change the fact that the player is continuing to commit a sending-off offence by remaining as a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a restart occurring somehow nullified this continuous sending-off offence, it would also bar the referee from taking action on other continuous offences that began before a restart, such as a team having too many players on the field of play. Of course this is not the case - if a team has too many players on the field of play, it is dealt with as soon as is amenable to the non-offending team - likewise, a player wrongly remaining on the field of play after two cautions if sent-off as soon as possible after the referee realises (unless advantage is played).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If play is stopped to send-off a player who received two cautions, the referee restarts play with an indirect free kick from where they were located. From in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play, violent conduct or a second cautionable offence unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick, unless the player committed a more serious offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your supplementary question on whether the result stands, as you're probably aware, this is not a matter for the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, 3 - Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt; states that &lt;em&gt;(emphasis added)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;acts as timekeeper, keeps a record of the match and &lt;strong&gt;provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, including information on disciplinary action and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee simply reports what occurred (a mistake of this magnitude would certainly be reported as an &quot;incident&quot;), and if any goals were scored, etc. with the player remaining on the field, and the competition administrator would apply the appropriate competition rules. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a misapplication of the Laws of the Game, so if it had any impact on the match, the only fair outcome would be a replay, as the culpable party here is the referee, not either team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most competition rules that I'm aware of either stipulate a replayed match in this instance where it had an effect on the result or leave it at the discretion of the competition administrator. If left in the hands of a competition administrator, in my experience, most competition administrators would make the decision to replay the match if the result was affected by such a misapplication of the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T00:43:04.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16817" CreationDate="2017-08-24T01:35:40.077" Score="5" ViewCount="1430" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Los Angeles Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates tied 0-0 at the end of the 9th inning on August 23rd 2017. With one out and a runner on the second base, the pirates had a chance to win the game with no hits in the 9th. Dodgers' pitcher Rich Hill went on to throw a no hitter game through 9 innings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commentators mentioned that winning without a hit is a rarity, so I'm wondering how many times it has happened in MLB history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T01:34:22.110" Title="How many times an MLB team has won a game with no hits?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|history|mlb|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16793" CreationDate="2017-08-24T03:55:58.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may depend on what rules you are playing with, but typically if no one notices a previous foul before the next shot is made, it is no longer relevant. &lt;a href=&quot;http://upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is an example of this rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11.1 Wrong Balls Pocketed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it is discovered that the shooting player has been shooting the opponent’s designated ball(s) as if it were their own, the shooter shall relinquish the table with a ball in hand foul to the opponent (see 7.3, Bad Hit).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13899" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T03:55:58.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16815" CreationDate="2017-08-24T05:10:35.533" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist=kurkjian_tim&amp;amp;id=3465888&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/news/article/3025096//&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB article&lt;/a&gt; about a game between the Dodgers and Angels played in 2008:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The final score was 1-0, marking the fifth time since 1900 that a team&#xA;  did not get a hit but won the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Complete List:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  Cnt &lt;strong&gt;Date&lt;/strong&gt;          Tm   Opp GmReslt  PA  AB  R  H 2B 3B HR RBI BB IBB SO HBP SH SF ROE GDP SB CS LOB Batrs&#xA;+----+-------------+---+----+-------+---+---+--+--+--+--+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+--+---+---+--+--+---+-----+&#xA;    1 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CLE/CLE199204121.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1992-04-12&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CLE/1992.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CLE&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BOS/1992.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BOS&lt;/a&gt; W  2-1   32  25  2  0  0  0  0   2  7   0  6   0  0  0   1   0  6  1   6     9 &#xA;&#xA;    2 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHA/CHA199007010.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1990-07-01&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;   &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CHW/1990.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CHW&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/1990.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NYY&lt;/a&gt; W  4-0   31  26  4  0  0  0  0   0  5   0  3   0  0  0   3   0  1  1   3    11 &#xA;&#xA;    3 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BAL/BAL196704301.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1967-04-30&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/DET/1967.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DET&lt;/a&gt; @&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BAL/1967.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BAL&lt;/a&gt; W  2-1   40  24  2  0  0  0  0   0 10   1  3   2  4  0   1   1  1  0  11    14 &#xA;&#xA;    4 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/HOU/HOU196404230.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1964-04-23&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;   &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CIN/1964.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CIN&lt;/a&gt; @&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/1964.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HOU&lt;/a&gt; W  1-0   31  29  1  0  0  0  0   0  2   0  9   0  0  0   2   0  0  0   3    10 &#xA;&#xA;    5 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/LAN/LAN200806280.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2008-06-28&lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/LAD/2008.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAD&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/LAA/2008.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAA&lt;/a&gt; W  1-0   29  24  1  0  0  0  0   1  3   0  9   1  0  1   1   0  1  0   4    13 &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/blog/archives/10736.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt; (Included code is of respective website.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_no-hitters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; on these win:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;five times a team has been no-hit and still won the game: two notable victories occurred when the Cincinnati Reds defeated the Houston Colt .45s (now called the Houston Astros) 1–0 on April 23, 1964 even though they were no-hit by Houston starter Ken Johnson, and the Detroit Tigers defeated the Baltimore Orioles 2–1 on April 30, 1967 even though they were no-hit by Baltimore starter Steve Barber and reliever Stu Miller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another list that may be helpful from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/play-index/share.fcgi?id=HrO9b&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-25T03:10:45.417" LastActivityDate="2017-08-25T03:10:45.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16819" CreationDate="2017-08-24T07:40:07.770" Score="2" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taking a recent example of two unsuccessful appeals by Real Madrid:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. Sergio Ramos being sent off against Deportivo.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. Cristiano Ronaldo being sent off against Barcelona.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, when teams appeal for a review of a sending off, do the reviewing bodies just look at the particular instance leading to the send off or the whole match behavior before deciding if the bans should be upheld or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13900" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T02:14:38.320" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:39:54.500" Title="How does appeal against sending off work in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16818" CreationDate="2017-08-24T12:56:39.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reviewing bodies, in case of Spanish League, Spanish football federation’s (RFEF) compeetition committee and appeals committee, &lt;em&gt;will only look at the particular instance leading to the sending off or the incident club is appealing against&lt;/em&gt;, and the club has to provide written report with video evidences to that particular incident. Consequences will only be overridden in case of &lt;a href=&quot;https://playtheadvantage.com/2014/02/07/what-a-red-card-appeal-really-means-part-two/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;obvious mistake&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rfef.es/normativas-sanciones/normativas/c%C3%B3digo-disciplinario&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RFEF Disciplinary code&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 130. Review of arbitration decisions.(google translation)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2. The disciplinary consequences of such expulsion may be overridden by the disciplinary body only in the event of manifest material error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(As OP was interested in incident involving Sergio Ramos and Ronaldo)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.For incident involving Ramos &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid/story/3186718/real-madrid-captain-sergio-ramos-appeal-against-dismissal-rejected&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: Madrid appealed the second yellow shown by referee Jose Luis Gonzalez Gonzalez, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/sanciones/resoluciones_primera_div._j_1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Spanish federation's competition committee&lt;/a&gt; said the video evidence presented by the club's legal team had failed to establish that the official had made a mistake. Adding, this appeal may be lodged against the Appeal Committee within a maximum period of ten working days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.For &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/cristiano-ronaldo-s-appeal-against-5-game-ban-for-pushing-referee-rejected/story-DAK3I6XHovsnLVxselOmuM.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;incident involving Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4789284/Cristiano-Ronaldo-given-five-match-ban-pushing-referee.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DailyMail&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: The Spanish football federation’s (RFEF) appeals committee “dismissed the appeal presented by Real Madrid”, the RFEF said in a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid/story/3179565/cristiano-ronaldo-hit-with-five-match-ban-for-red-card-pushing-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RFEF compeetition committee&lt;/a&gt; stated Madrid have 10 days to lodge an appeal with its appeals committee, while adding in its report that the club attempted to get the offence downgraded from a push to a minor &amp;quot;disregard&amp;quot; for the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa2?cod_primaria=1000144&amp;amp;CodActa=42775&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official match report&lt;/a&gt; sent to the RFEF from the Camp Nou included Ronaldo's push in the &amp;quot;other incidents&amp;quot; section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other incidents: (Player: Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro) Once the red card was shown, the player pushed me slightly in a sign of disagreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efe.com/efe/english/destacada/spanish-federation-hands-5-match-ban-on-cristiano-ronaldo-for-pushing-referee/50000261-3351728#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;efe.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sole judge on the RFEF's Competition Committee, after reviewing Real Madrid's defense statements, first of all made clear that the referee was the only sportive authority during the match and his decisions were irrevocable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The judge also considered that the player violated article 96 of the disciplinary code, which forbids pushing the referee and imposes bans ranging between 4-12 matches for that action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The judge dismissed the argument that the shove had been an instinctive response from Ronaldo, as Real Madrid claimed, and instead called it an &amp;quot;unjustified and disproportionate reaction.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Articles: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/appeal-review-red-card-decision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mls soccer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/sep/24/newsstory.sport8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;theguardian&lt;/a&gt;, playtheadvantage &lt;a href=&quot;https://playtheadvantage.com/2014/02/06/what-a-red-card-appeal-really-means-part-one/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://playtheadvantage.com/2014/02/07/what-a-red-card-appeal-really-means-part-two/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/jan/14/manchester-city-appeal-vincent-kompany-red&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;theguardian&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/arsenal-gabriel-paulista-wins-appeal-red-card-chelsea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3108303/spain-fa-uphold-neymar-three-match-ban-after-barcelona-appeal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;espn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/20/jamie-vardy-loses-appeal-against-red-card-will-miss-leicester/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;telegraph&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2287913-lionel-messi-yellow-card-appeal-rejected-by-spanish-federation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:39:54.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16811" CreationDate="2017-08-24T14:06:16.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mentioned Sher-Wood T90 hockey stick, doesn't appear to be pro stock hockey but is retail version (followed the link of the picture to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prohockeylife.com/composite-hockey-sticks/senior-sticks/sher-wood-true-touch-t90-gen-ii-grip-sr-hockey-stick-p-12444&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;prohockeylife.com&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ProStockHockey website shows a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prostockhockey.com/pro-stock-vs-retail/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;difference between pro stock and retail version&lt;/a&gt;, and there is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prostockhockey.com/clearance-sticks/right-steve-bernier-t90-95-flex-stick/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pro version of Sher-Wood T90 hockey stick&lt;/a&gt; branded under New York Islanders player &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/player/steve-bernier-8470609&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Bernier&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Po2pb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Po2pb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;t90 pro&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LsNYe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LsNYe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;back&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T14:06:16.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5042" CreationDate="2017-08-24T22:48:54.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used the numbers from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddschecker.com/football/champions-league/winner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bookmakers 2017/18 Champions League winner predictions&lt;/a&gt; before and after &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2495407.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017/18 Champions League group stage draw&lt;/a&gt;, in order to answer your question. Why? Because Champions League has almost the same format as the World Cup (32 teams, 8 groups, first two to advance), except that teams face each other twice instead of once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;em&gt;&quot;Group of Death&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is not something that is well defined, we can use the sum of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA club coefficients&lt;/a&gt; of the clubs in the same group to determine the &quot;Group of Death&quot;, as was suggested in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/global/live/2017/aug/24/champions-league-group-stage-draw-live?CMP=share_btn_tw&amp;amp;page=with:block-599f0782e4b0ee47ab0af630#block-599f0782e4b0ee47ab0af630&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this TheGuardian post&lt;/a&gt;. After using this method, it turns out that the group of death &lt;em&gt;(more or less)&lt;/em&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Group H&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(UEFA coefficient sum: &lt;strong&gt;405.3&lt;/strong&gt; as compared to average &lt;strong&gt;319.5&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Borussia Dortmund&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tottenham Hotspur&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Apoel Nicosia &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if we consider Borussia Dortmund and Tottenham Hotspur as &lt;em&gt;&quot;mid-ranking teams&quot; (as bookmakers consider them &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddschecker.com/football/champions-league/winner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12th and 13th&lt;/a&gt; ones who're likely to win the tournament)&lt;/em&gt;, we can compare then their average &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddschecker.com/football/champions-league/winner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League winning coefficients by bookmakers&lt;/a&gt; before and after the draw to answer your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ &#xA;|                   | Avgerage Bookmaker Coefficient to Win the Title |&#xA;|       Teams       +-------------------------+-----------------------+     &#xA;|                   |     Before the draw     |     After the draw    |&#xA;+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+&#xA;| Borrusia Dortmund |  25 3/8  or  1 in 26.4  |  32 1/4 or 1 in 33.3  |&#xA;| Tottenham Hotspur | 29 13/16  or  1 in 30.8 | 35 11/16 or 1 in 36.7 |&#xA;+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as you can see, after being drawn into the difficult group, according to bookmakers, Borrusia Dortmund's chances of winning the tournament have &lt;strong&gt;dropped by 21%&lt;/strong&gt; and Tottenham Hotspur's chances have &lt;strong&gt;dropped by 16%&lt;/strong&gt;. Hence, this is how much “Group of death” has effect on mid-ranked teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T14:20:34.740" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T14:20:34.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16829" CreationDate="2017-08-25T11:46:00.087" Score="0" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday at our training we got to a situation that got discussed. Bases where loaded (lets say Adam was at 1st, Bert on 2nd and Ceasar on 3rd). On a ball Adam starts to run, while Bert and Ceasar stays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, our coach said if ball was thrown to 1st, he thought it would be a force on Adam. I feel like first baseman still need to tag Adam if i turns back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if Adam gets to 2nd, can the catcher step on home plate for a force on Ceasar, since Bert should need to run for 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12181" LastActivityDate="2017-08-26T06:38:30.407" Title="Runner at first goes, but nobody else" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10719" CreationDate="2017-08-26T02:35:54.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing that seems to have been left out of this discussion is that the source of all the &quot;ball first&quot; talk is that a defender who tackles and makes contact with the ball is then entitled to that space.  So if you slide tackle, get the ball, and as a result, your foot/leg is front of the attacker who then, because of his momentum, trips over it; not careless, reckless, or excessive because the defender is entitled to that space after getting the ball.  Anything else you do, (e.g, studs showing, two foot slides, scissoring motions, etc.) can all move the tackle into the realm of careless, reckless, or excessive, regardless of whether you got the ball first. On the otherhand, if you slide tackle, don't get the ball, and then attacker trips over your foot/leg, it's a trip and a foul; you didn't get the ball and therefore you are not entitled to that space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13908" LastEditorUserId="13908" LastEditDate="2017-08-26T03:26:36.210" LastActivityDate="2017-08-26T03:26:36.210" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16826" CreationDate="2017-08-26T06:38:30.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this situation, our coach said if ball was thrown to 1st, he&#xA;  thought it would be a force on Adam. I feel like first baseman still&#xA;  need to tag Adam if i turns back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB rulebook has this definition for a force play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FORCE PLAY is a play in which a runner legally loses his right to&#xA;  occupy a base by reason of the batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter received a ball and remained at home plate.  Since the batter has not become a runner, there is no force play.  Ball is not dead and runners may move to another base at their own risk.  Runners need to be tagged out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But what if Adam gets to 2nd, can the catcher step on home plate for a&#xA;  force on Ceasar, since Bert should need to run for 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.  Bert is still entitled to 2nd base (there is no force).  So there are no outs to be made on home plate or third (or on first).  They need to throw to second.  5.06(a)(2) tells us that the following runner (Adam in your example) would be out if tagged, if both Adam and Bert are on second.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.06(a)(2)  Two runners may not occupy a base, but if, while the ball is alive, two runners are touching a base, the following runner shall&#xA;  be out when tagged and the preceding runner is entitled to the base,&#xA;  unless Rule&#xA;  5.06(b)(2) applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.06(b)(2) is for force situations and changes which runner would be out when tagged if two occupy a base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-08-26T06:38:30.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-27T03:16:51.013" Score="1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would one rank teams in different divisions when there is little inter-division play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basic ELO wouldn't work because if the lowest team in the top division beats the highest team in the lowest division there will be a huge delta for the top division team, even though they might not be that good. Also, the top teams in each division could have similar ELO ratings even though they are vastly different levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also of note is that sometimes teams move up or down divisions through the season, so a team is not fixed to a division necessarily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking maybe some sort of strength-of-schedule, but that is also problematic with top teams in the different divisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas as to how best achieve this ranking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13916" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T03:16:51.013" Title="Rank teams in different divisions when there is little inter-division play?" Tags="|statistics|ranking|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-09-18T10:28:56.563" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16833" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16834" CreationDate="2017-08-27T04:41:08.120" Score="5" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2017 US Open, Murray (seed 2) withdrew 2 days before the tournament began, but 2 days after the draw had been posted. After his withdrawal the draw was changed with the following movements:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cilic (seed 5) took Murray's place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Querrey (seed 17) took Cilic's place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kohlschreiber took Querrey's place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lacko came in as Lucky Loser (LL) into Kohlschreiber's place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other tournaments, I have seen the LL take the place of the player withdrawing. For example in Cincinatti Masters 2017 Fabianno took Federer's seed 2 place in the draw. No other rotations happened here. Why is it different in the US Open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the criteria for these movements? Is it random, or do they answer to certain rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastEditorUserId="12183" LastEditDate="2017-08-27T16:32:49.383" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T19:22:33.493" Title="US Open 2017 - draw movements after Murray's withdrawal" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|grand-slam|itf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16833" CreationDate="2017-08-27T05:36:56.830" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has to do with the tournament trying to keep competitive balanced opponents for as long as possible throughout the duration of the tournament. It's the same reason why the tournament distributes seeded players evenly into the draw to begin with so that they avoid high-profile matches until the later rounds of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related: See my answer about the makeup of tennis tournament draws &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15785/18&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Murray had not been seeded at all, then Lacko probably would have taken his place directly, instead of the shifting around of the draw that happened. But since Murray was seeded #2, it would throw off the distribution of competition in Murray's quarter of the draw to replace him with a lucky loser (LL). Now instead of playing Murray, his initial opponent (Sandgren) will play Cilic instead - which isn't much of a change in terms of the ranking and talent of the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason you might have seen the LL take the place of the player withdrawing in other tournaments is because the player withdrawing wasn't seeded. That's my guess, but if you can find a specific draw you're referring to maybe I can look at that case specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about the specific rules regarding the replacement of seeded players and lucky losers that starts at the bottom of page 24 of this document :&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wimbledon.com/pdf/GS_Rulebook_2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.wimbledon.com/pdf/GS_Rulebook_2015.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For tournaments sanctioned by the ATP (non-grand slam events) - see the ATP rulebook starting on page 106 for rules regarding the placement of seeds and vacancies: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook_30dec16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook_30dec16.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastEditorUserId="18" LastEditDate="2017-08-27T19:22:33.493" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T19:22:33.493" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16835" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16850" CreationDate="2017-08-27T09:27:15.290" Score="3" ViewCount="2359" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the European football team that has the longest consecutive participation streak in the following UEFA club competitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; (Previously called the European Cup)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;/a&gt; (Previously called the UEFA Cup)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Cup Winners' Cup&lt;/a&gt; (Defunct)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The streak is to be considered valid also if a team has taken part in the UEFA Cup, then the year after in the UEFA Champions League and the year after in the UEFA Cup Winnners' Cup, so each season that a team played a match in the aforementioned UEFA tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juventus_F.C._in_European_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juventus Turin competed in UEFA competitions for 28 consecutive seasons since 1963 to 1991&lt;/a&gt;, more than any other Italian club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-27T14:22:36.703" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:50:16.513" Title="Longest participation streak in European football competitions" Tags="|football|history|records|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16934" CreationDate="2017-08-27T22:02:47.160" Score="7" ViewCount="47490" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am shooting the 8-ball for a win, and my opponent has a ball near the pocket I'm aiming for, can I call something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;8-ball off the 2 ball into the corner pocket&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought this was allowed, but a friend says this is an automatic loss and that the 8-ball must never touch another ball before going into the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Various pool rules aren't clear for me on this scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13918" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T03:38:13.050" LastActivityDate="2022-06-23T00:06:12.970" Title="When shooting the 8-ball, can it bounce off another ball into a pocket if it is called?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="605" CreationDate="2017-08-27T22:19:14.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player who served the last game before the tie break will serve the first game of the next set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the ITF &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/rules-of-tennis.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt; book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player whose turn it is to serve shall serve the first point of the tie-break game. (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player/team whose turn it was to serve first in the tie-break game shall be the receiver in the first game of the following set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An easy way remember is to think of the tie-breaker as an additional game in the set, where the &amp;quot;server&amp;quot; is the player who serves the first point. Therefore the &amp;quot;receiver&amp;quot; of the tie break should serve the next game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T22:19:14.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16482" CreationDate="2017-08-27T23:50:17.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/grand-slams.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Grand Slam Rule Book&lt;/a&gt; makes no difference between Men's, Women's or Mixed Doubles (see page 30). Therefore the same seeding system is used for all three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The selection of seeds is based on the team ranking, which is calculated by adding the better of each player's singles or doubles ranking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ties are broken in the following way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams using 2 singles rankings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams using 1 singles ranking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams using 2 doubles rankings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T23:50:17.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16840" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16841" CreationDate="2017-08-28T06:09:19.800" Score="7" ViewCount="1552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrKbz9FuV34&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin-Prince_Boateng&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kevin-Prince Boateng&lt;/a&gt; was sent off for picking up the ball and kicking it at the stands after racist chants from the fans. I wondered if this is possible: that a player can be sent off, while not receiving a red card which will affect his permanent record and likely result in being banned from several matches. Is this possible? And has it ever happened? (I don't think Boateng's case really counted, because of the circumstances.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9654" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T07:44:02.323" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:15:19.413" Title="Can a player be sent off without a red card?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16840" CreationDate="2017-08-28T13:22:04.037" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 of IFAB Laws of the Game, Fouls and Misconduct, 3. Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The yellow card communicates a caution and the red card communicates a&#xA;  sending-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sending-off is the sanction; the showing of a red card is simply the official signal for this sanction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Focusing on the concrete example you mentioned, it should be stated that leaving the field of play without being substituted is not a sending-off offence. Here is the complete list of sending-off offences from aforementioned &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the&#xA;  following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (except a goalkeeper&#xA;  within their penalty area)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent whose  overall movement is towards the offender’s goal by an&#xA;  offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;serious foul play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;spitting at an opponent or any other person&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;violent conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;receiving a second caution in the same match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, kicking the ball deliberately at the spectators in the manner that Boateng did is an unsportsmanlike behavior, for what he had to be at least cautioned if not sent off considering the force he used during the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T13:15:19.413" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:15:19.413" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16842" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-28T14:05:32.383" Score="1" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;If WHIP is a measure of a pitchers Hits and Walks per 9 innings, shouldn't a 'hit batter' be part of the equation?  Isn't a 'hit batter' the same as a walk?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13920" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T15:17:26.093" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T16:29:51.150" Title="Baseball - WHIP" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-28T15:41:20.083" Score="1" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports channel displayed &lt;strong&gt;First 7 order lowest score table of INDIA&lt;/strong&gt;, showing lowest runs made on 7th fall of wicket. How did they manage to do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13921" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-08-28T16:19:51.587" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T16:19:51.587" Title="How cricket analyst store information of first 7 order lowest score table also?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16843" CreationDate="2017-08-28T16:13:53.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is &quot;in a database&quot;. Assuming you've done the hard work of getting it all into the database in an appropriate form, it will be as simple as (in psuedo SQL):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;SELECT * FROM wicket_falls WHERE wicket = 7 AND team = 'India' ORDER BY score&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other possibility is to use ESPN Cricinfo's &quot;stats machine&quot;, but I'm rubbish at driving that so can't give you a like right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T16:13:53.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16842" CreationDate="2017-08-28T16:29:51.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the appeals of using WHIP as a statistic is that it's very simple to understand and calculate, and the resulting numbers hold some real value as far as describing a pitcher's skill.  If you were to add something to the formula (namely HBP numbers), you'd want to first look at how it affects the balance between 1. ease of use and 2. value of adding the new part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, we already have a statistic that can be easily understood and calculated by any average fan.  Yes, an average fan &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be able to handle adding in the HBP but is that small burden worth it?  Just choosing a random league and year, I looked at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/2016-pitching-leaders.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National League in 2016&lt;/a&gt; and Jimmy Nelson led the league by hitting 17 batters.  His actual WHIP of 1.517 would have been 1.612 if you include HBPs--a difference of about 1/10 of a point.  Keep in mind that that's the &lt;strong&gt;biggest&lt;/strong&gt; effect you would have seen for that year in that league.  Also, practically every pitcher would have a slightly higher WHIP, just not by 1/10 of a point.  For a &lt;em&gt;simple&lt;/em&gt; stat like WHIP is intended to be, there's probably not enough value in adding the HBP numbers to be worth the trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, you're right that HBP is often a controllable thing and there are plenty of advanced stats that do take it into account, for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/pitching/fip/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Field Independent Pitching&lt;/a&gt;.  These types of stats, though, are called advanced for a reason--they're not for the casual fan to memorize and calculate on the spot, but they do have a lot of value for people who love to dig into the numbers and value precision over ease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T16:29:51.150" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="605" CreationDate="2017-08-28T16:35:59.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answers above are true specific to singles, and are true for doubles if you substitute 'team' for 'player&quot;.  The tiebreaker itself is scored as a game so the set with the tie-breaker ends at 7-6 - so whichever player or team starts the tiebreaker is considered to have served that game from a scoring perspective.  The player or team that serves the last game prior to the tiebreaker will serve first in the following set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly once a set starts players on each team must alternate who serves, but at the beginning of a new set, the order resets, so you could have either the player that served the last game prior to the tiebreaker serve the first game after OR his  or her partner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T16:35:59.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16848" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17913" CreationDate="2017-08-29T12:18:25.643" Score="5" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;I attended a few matches of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Centenario&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa América Centenario&lt;/a&gt; last year, hosted in the United States, and bought a t-shirt at an official FIFA merchandise stand at a match in Chicago. See pictured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Egfsl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Egfsl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it seems like all sixteen of the countries that participated in the tournament are listed in alphabetical order clockwise around the shirt, there are two teams that do not follow this pattern. I'm not going to count the United States, which appears at the top of the circle (the USA hosted the tournament and prominent spots on advertisements are often reserved for FIFA host countries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colombia and Chile are out of order and should be switched. I guess this could just be an oversight because both of the countries begin with &lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;, but that would surprise me. Do either of these countries have a different name that would cause them to be in this order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other country that is out of order is Argentina. I'm really confused why Argentina appears in between Uruguay and Venezuela. Argentina's official name is the &lt;em&gt;Argentine Republic&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;República Argentina&lt;/em&gt; in Spanish), but that shouldn't move it on the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does Argentina have another English name that would place it between Uruguay and Venezuela alphabetically? Are the countries on the shirt ordered in a different language besides English? Was the quasi-alphabetical ordering simply a mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete list of countries are, in clockwise order from the top:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;United States (host)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bolivia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brazil&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colombia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chile&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ecuador&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Haiti&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jamaica&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mexico&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Panama&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paraguay&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Peru&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uruguay&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Argentina&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Venezuela&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13924" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T22:08:28.837" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T22:16:16.757" Title="What causes the countries on this shirt to seem out of alphabetical order?" Tags="|football|trivia|copa-america|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16835" CreationDate="2017-08-29T13:16:08.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_records_and_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_records_and_statistics#Consecutive_participations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Consecutive participations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid have the record number of consecutive participations in the European Cup, taking part in the first 15 tournaments from 1955–56 to 1969–70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid hold the record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Champions League with 21 from 1997–98 to 2017–18. Arsenal (from 1998–99 to 2016–17) have participated in 19 consecutive campaigns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup_and_Europa_League_records_and_statistics#Miscellaneous_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Cup and Europa League records and statistics #Miscellaneous records&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Cup/Europa League is 20 by Club Brugge. 1996/97–2015/16&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup_records_and_statistics#Trivia_and_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Cup Winners' Cup records and statistics #Trivia and records&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is uncommon for teams to participate in more than two consecutive Cup Winners' Cups, but these teams have done so 5 times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Cardiff City (1967–68 + 1971–72)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Lahti (1973–74 + 1977–78)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:16:08.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16835" CreationDate="2017-08-29T13:50:16.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fcbarcelona.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FC Barcelona&lt;/a&gt; is the European football team that has the longest &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/all-europe.html#consec&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;consecutive participation streak&lt;/a&gt; of 60 (1955/58-2017/18) and counting in UEFA club competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Data from the linked website&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/all-europe.html#consec&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; upto season 2015/16:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Consecutive Participations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;58 Barcelona (1955/58-2015/16)             &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;52 Anderlecht (1964/65-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;42 FC Porto (1974/75-2015/16)    PSV (Eindhoven) (1974/75-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;41 Benfica (1960/61-2000/01)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;36 Sporting (Lisboa) (1977/78-2012/13)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;33 Sparta Praha (1983/84-2015/16) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;31 Rangers (1981/82-2011/12) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;28 Juventus (1963/64-1990/91)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;27 Dynamo Kyiv (1989/90-2015/16)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25 Ajax (1991/92-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24 Ajax (1966/67-1989/90)                  [banned from 1990/91&#xA;  competition]      Crvena zvezda Beograd (1968/69-1991/92) [banned&#xA;  1992/93 through UN boycott]    Spartak Moskva (1980/81-2003/04)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Manchester United (1990/91-2013/14)    Olympiakos (Piraeus)&#xA;  (1992/93-2015/16)&#xA;      23 Levski Sofia (1991/92-2013/14)     Bayern München (1993/94-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;22 Real Madrid (1955/56-1976/77)         FC Brugge (1994/95-2015/16)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21 Liverpool (1964/65-1984/85)             [banned 1985/86-1991/92&#xA;  (would have qualified each year)]    AEK (Athinai) (1991/92-2011/12)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Celtic (1995/96-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;20 Austria (Wien) (1976/77-1995/96)    Flora Tallinn (1994/95-2013/14)&#xA;  Arsenal (1996/97-2015/16)    Partizan Beograd (1996/97-2015/16)&#xA;      19 Crvena zvezda Beograd (1995/96-2013/14) [banned from 2014/15 competition]    Chelsea (1997/98-2015/16)    Olympique Lyonnais&#xA;  (1997/98-2015/16)    Real Madrid (1997/98-2015/16)    Shakhtar Donetsk&#xA;  (1997/98-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;18 Malmö FF (1964/65-1981/82)    Real Madrid (1978/79-1995/96)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Slavia Praha (1992/93-2009/10)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;17 Omonia Nicosia (1975/76-1991/92)        [withdrew from 1974/75&#xA;  competition]    Besiktas (1984/85-2000/01)    Rosenborg BK (Trondheim)&#xA;  (1989/90-2005/06)    F91 Dudelange (1999/00-2015/16)    Sheriff&#xA;  Tiraspol (1999/00-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16 Celtic (1962/63-1977/78)    CSKA (Sofia) (1969/70-1984/85)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Internazionale (1976/77-1991/92)    Steaua Bucuresti (1984/85-1999/00)&#xA;  Feyenoord (1991/92-2006/07)    Skonto Riga (1992/93-2007/08)    The&#xA;  New Saints (2000/01-2015/16)    FK Ventspils (2000/01-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;15 Sporting (Lisboa) (1961/62-1975/76)    Grasshopper&#xA;  (1970/71-1984/85)    Aberdeen (1977/78-1991/92)    Dinamo Bucuresti&#xA;  (1981/82-1995/96)    Panathinaikos (1998/99-2012/13)    Milan&#xA;  (1999/00-2013/14)    FC København (2001/02-2015/16)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:50:16.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16851" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-29T17:43:16.240" Score="1" ViewCount="563" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times an MLB team has been shutout in every game of a minimum 3 games series, including the playoffs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please provide the season and the teams in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T17:43:16.240" Title="MLB teams shutout in series" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7033" CreationDate="2017-08-29T18:12:47.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://protennistips.net/tennis-racquet-grip-size/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; has what you are looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially the grip size is the circumference of the octagonal section of the handle.  So just take a piece of string wrap around your old racquet and then measure the length of one string's worth around.'s&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article goes into depth on this, but a rule of thumb is the proper grip size allows you to comfortably grip the handle and be able to just fit your other hand index finger between the thumb and fingers of your grip hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T18:38:36.860" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:38:36.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-29T20:27:37.117" Score="5" ViewCount="22386" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have played a 7-team competition, all seven teams met, we eliminated the team with the lowest points. After that the remaining six teams played knock out games and the three winning teams will go direct to semi-finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We decided that 4 teams should be picked to go for semi-final and that the best loser will join the other three to make it four teams to battle at the semi-final and final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the quarter final games, one team is beaten 2-0, another is beaten 3-0 and the third team is beaten in a penalty shoot-out by 4-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now should you want a best loser to join the other three teams making four teams to play in the semi-final, who among these three teams would be in the best losers position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13927" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T13:07:22.727" LastActivityDate="2020-12-05T21:25:55.420" Title="How is the &quot;best loser&quot; determined in football?" Tags="|rules|football|ranking|tournaments|schedule|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16853" CreationDate="2017-08-29T21:59:17.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say the third team, since they lost on a penalty shootout, thus implying that they were able to hold on to a draw throughout regulation and extra time. As for the other two teams, I infer from your post that they lost in regulation outright. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12493" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T21:59:17.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16853" CreationDate="2017-08-29T22:40:16.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're creating a problem that doesn't need to be solved, when better methods exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quarterfinal round can be complete with only six teams. This naturally requires two byes, and it makes sense to have those be the two highest-ranked teams from pool play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are crossed in semifinals such that the first-ranked team plays the lowest-ranked quarterfinal winner, and the second-ranked team plays the highest-ranked quarterfinal winner, as done by a number of professional competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the games have already been played, the fourth place should go to the team with the best performance in the &quot;quarterfinal&quot; which is the team who achieved a draw, not either of the teams who were beaten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T22:40:16.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16853" CreationDate="2017-08-29T22:45:49.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ideally, the rules of the tournament should be defined before it starts, but now that we're here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the best loser out of 3 teams lost in the quarter-finals &lt;em&gt;(or 1/6 finals in your case)&lt;/em&gt; is the one who performed better in the games involving only those 3 teams during round-robin phase or even who finished higher in the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because this way the loser will be most probably the strongest one. Why? Here's a demonstrative example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yz9ob.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yz9ob.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-08-30T08:07:35.303" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T08:07:35.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8525" CreationDate="2017-08-30T01:17:20.503" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always thought it was a highly subjective rule also.  Seems like there should be a hitch (dash line) in between the hash marks and the numbers (and on that line) to show where they'd have to be considered outside the pocket regardless of where your linemen are.  To me, that would just make better sense – it's like a ref always deciding where the invisible 3-point line is in basketball.  Create a physical line and take a huge portion of the guessing out.  However, the NFL rules are constantly changing and have been since its conception.  Since the above play was used, they've changed several rules; such as, there has to be one eligible receiver in the backfield in the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13930" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T01:17:20.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16853" CreationDate="2017-08-30T03:24:04.037" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would have been better if there was predetermined criteria to select best loser. As there is no indication of that criteria, selecting best loser can be done in following ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.michezoafrika.com/nationwideleague/fkl-cup---best-loser-rule-explained/2511.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Taking FKL Cup - Best loser rule&lt;/a&gt; : Since third team lost in penalties as opposed to other who were beaten in regulation time. So third team qualifies as best loser.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Looking at points or position after league matches : Among those three teams which performs best in league matches progresses to next round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T03:24:04.037" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16853" CreationDate="2017-08-30T12:11:52.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion you have to set quarterfinals with the best 6 teams as following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1gWx6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1gWx6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T12:11:52.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14669" CreationDate="2017-08-30T19:23:36.247" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me a matter of simple trigonometry. The tennis ball must land in a certain area after clearing the net. The higher the point of impact of racket and ball the larger the safety margin for a successful serve. That allows players to concentrate more on power and less on accuracy. The greater angle at impact also enhances power and speed. So, the answer seems to me to be there is a definite advantage of being tall that is linked to both psychology (confidence and risk taking), physics, and trigonometry. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13933" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T19:23:36.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16863" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16864" CreationDate="2017-08-31T14:27:05.600" Score="3" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;With only one more match to play, the Iranian National team has already qualified for Russia 2018 World Cup without losing a game in any rounds of the qualifiers. How many teams which played in the qualifying rounds have made it to the World Cup without a single loss since the tournament expanded to 24 teams (that is since 1982 WC at Spain)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T09:30:37.493" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T11:02:50.283" Title="Football teams qualifed for World Cup with no loss" Tags="|football|trivia|history|world-cup|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16863" CreationDate="2017-08-31T15:44:12.520" Score="8" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;West Germany (8-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soviet Union (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poland (4-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brazil (4-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Peru (2-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chile (3-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Honduras (3-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (4-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brazil (2-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Canada (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Algeria (5-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sweden (4-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (3-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Netherlands (4-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Germany (3-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yugoslavia (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Belgium (4-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brazil (3-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Korea (9-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Greece (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colombia (4-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saudi Arabia (6-5-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Norway (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Romania (9-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germany (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tunisia (7-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Morocco (5-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cameroon (4-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side note: after CONMEBOL introduced the round-robin qualification format for World Cup 1998, no team from this confederation was able to qualify without a loss.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portugal (7-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Denmark (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sweden (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Croatia (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slovenia (6-6-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tunisia (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Africa (7-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Netherlands (10-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portugal (9-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;France (5-5-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serbia and Montenegro (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Croatia (7-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain (6-6-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saudi Arabia (10-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germany (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain (10-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (7-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Netherlands (8-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nigeria (9-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ivory Coast (8-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Korea (7-7-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Belgium (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germany (9-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Netherlands (9-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Switzerland (7-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (6-4-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nigeria (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ivory Coast (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Iran (12-6-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany (10-0-0)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spain (9-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Belgium (9-1-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (8-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tunisia (6-2-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nigeria (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Senegal (5-3-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: &lt;strong&gt;bold&lt;/strong&gt; indicates the teams winning all the qualification matches.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T11:02:50.283" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T11:02:50.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14245" CreationDate="2017-08-31T20:14:55.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can not comment. Otherwise I would have and most of my answer may be regarded as opinion based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My children are/were competition swimmers (almost national level) and have the following observations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Water is too cold, their muscles can not perform.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Water is too warm, they can not sweat out their heat (yes, even in water your body transpires heat out!) and this affects performance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's more a range of temperatures to fit optimal performance ranges. I doubt that it would affect record times as much as being noticeable. Obviously, each athlete has their own optimal temperature range. This would hold for any sport.&#xA;Having said that, the shorter distances would be expected to have a positive effect of higher water temperatures as you would be able to absorb the heat. Longer distances may even suffer from high temperatures as you can not dissolve the heat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The regulations (as linked to in another answer) do not state why the temperature needs to be in a specific range. It can not be determined if this is due to less resistance in warmer water or due to the effect of water temperature on bodily performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastEditorUserId="13223" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T20:20:24.603" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T20:20:24.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16866" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-31T22:52:09.193" Score="4" ViewCount="610" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know what's the fastest total time of all the matches played by any male and female tennis grand slam champion for the entirety of a single tournament. In other words, what's the shortest duration of play time spent by any male and female grand slam champion over the course of all their matches? To make things even, each champion must have played all 7 matches of the major tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please provide the champion's name, the year and the tournament of the happening, as well as the time taken to win the major.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T16:56:51.337" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T13:09:24.193" Title="What's the fastest grand slam tennis singles won" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-01T00:51:36.057" Score="1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;For some reason, I enjoy awkwardly funny situations and fans' favorite team conceding a goal while they are emotionally supporting their team is awkward but also kind of funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'm curious if anyone has ever witnessed Liverpool conceding a goal while their fans were singing the famous  and beautiful &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/OV5_LQArLa0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;You'll Never Walk Alone&quot;&lt;/a&gt; song. &lt;em&gt;(someone should have witnessed as Liverpool fans are always singing and Liverpool, put it mildly, is not well-known for its defensive skills)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just mentioning a single match when this happened should be enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T01:03:30.070" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T01:39:45.620" Title="Has Liverpool conceded a goal while their fans were singing &quot;You'll Never Walk Alone&quot;?" Tags="|football|trivia|fans|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16871" CreationDate="2017-09-01T17:48:19.193" Score="4" ViewCount="894" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could someone confirm the following discrepancy which appears to be a difference between EPL and EFL relegation rules in event of a tie on points, goal-difference, and goals-scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From potentially unreliable secondary sources (beginning with a W) it seems that head-to-head performance is taken into account in the EFL before a playoff match for relegation. In the EPL it seems that head-to-head is not taken into account, and it proceeds straight to a playoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct? Can anyone quote chapter and verse? (Secondarily, why is there a difference, if there is one?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In case you're wondering why anyone would care, yes this is for a maths problem, not an anxiety about any particular team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13938" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T21:36:21.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T21:43:44.720" Title="Tying relegation rules EPL vs EFL" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16870" CreationDate="2017-09-01T17:59:29.650" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like there is a real difference here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/premierleague/document/2017/08/11/c494a26e-b573-41e4-bcd2-daf0ca76a00d/PL_Handbook_2017-18_Digital-4-.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPL Rule C17 &lt;em&gt;(download link, page 108):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If at the end of the Season either the League Champions or the Clubs to be relegated or the question of qualification for other competitions cannot be determined because two or more Clubs are equal on points, goal difference and goals scored, the Clubs concerned shall play off one or more deciding League Matches on neutral grounds, the format, timing and venue of which shall be determined by the Board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efl.com/-more/governance/efl-rules--regulations/section-3---the-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EFL Rule 9.2:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more Clubs have the same number of points, goal difference and goals scored the highest placed Club shall be determined by the respective League records against each other, taking into account in order of precedence, points gained, goal difference and goals scored. If the above procedures do not separate the Clubs, then the Clubs concerned shall play off a deciding League Match or Matches under arrangements approved by the Board on a neutral ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13938" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T21:43:44.720" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T21:43:44.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3129" CreationDate="2017-09-01T19:03:59.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://grantland.com/features/chuck-klosterman-phil-jackson-tex-winter-death-triangle-offense/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; by Chuck Klosterman does a good job of explaining why.  Here are some of the highlights:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The easy (and lazy) answer is that no one uses the Triangle because it’s too complex...The Triangle is perhaps the only offensive set any casual NBA fan can identify by name, despite the fact that no one outside of Phil Jackson’s coaching sphere can describe how it works with any clarity.&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phil Jackson's explanation (in 2012 mind you) - &quot;When asked why the Triangle is disappearing, Jackson suggested that it’s a hard offense for an impatient person to teach to modern athletes: “The problem with the Triangle is that you have to teach the most basic, basic skills: Footwork. Where you stand on the floor. And if you have the kind of player who wants to attack and score every time he touches the ball, he will hurt this offense.” In general, Jackson sees the league imprudently moving away from post-oriented sets: “The game is evolving into a 3-point shooting game. You can’t win a championship with a European offense&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The strength of the offense is that all five players are interchangeable and that anyone on the floor can occupy the post (assuming that player has the best post matchup).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;By decreasing the import of the lead guard and having two players share ballhandling duties, the offense’s emphasis was shifted to the baseline. That brand of thinking conflicts with the current NBA climate, in which so many point guards have emerged as high-profile superstars.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The emergence of the Golden State Warriors disproves that you can't win with heavy emphasis on 3-point shooting. It should be noted that the coach of the Warriors, Steve Kerr played under Phil Jackson, understands the triangle very well but also realizes the limitations the offense given its reliance on post-up players and long to mid-range two point shots as described below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a separate &lt;a href=&quot;http://sunsetsportsworldwide.com/posts/advanced-analytics-in-the-nba-a-love-story/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; the emergence of advanced analytics, which uses math to optimize playing styles based on the expected outcome of various actions, greatly discounts the value of the mid-range jump shot.  In short players should mostly take 3-point shots (because the payoff is 50% higher than a 2-pointer) or very high shooting percentage 2-point shots like dunks and layups. From this article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;On the other side, one of the biggest skeptics of analytics is the Zen Master, Phil Jackson... This also comes to the defense of his famous Triangle Offense which is predicated on ball movement and dominated with midrange jumpers: a shot that Daryl Morey will cut you immediately if you dare take such an inefficient shot.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Daryl Morey is the General Manager of the Houston Rockets - a team that pioneered the use of 3-point or dunks style analytically driven basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastEditorUserId="13922" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T19:16:07.150" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T19:16:07.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16874" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-02T04:29:07.207" Score="3" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League&lt;/a&gt; 2017/18, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tottenham Hotspur F.C.&lt;/a&gt; are using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wembley Stadium&lt;/a&gt; as temporary home while their new stadium is being constructed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I was wondering if they win the Premier League this season will they be the first team to do so playing from a temporary stadium in country's top league? And if they are not the first team to do so, which club have done this and when?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-13T10:04:47.987" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T11:38:26.853" Title="Has any team won the country's top league (division) playing from temporary stadium?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|venues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15039" CreationDate="2017-09-02T08:03:45.650" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually related to intent or generally careless use of your body and lack of control to the point where you're simply irresponsible in an already dangerous sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13940" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T08:03:45.650" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16877" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-02T11:09:56.770" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;What becomes the final score if 5 players gets sent off from one team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video game FIFA the opposing team wins with 3-0. However, if one team leads by more, say 6-0, will this be the final score? Would be unfair otherwise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13941" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T21:05:25.950" Title="Football: final score when one team gets 5 players sent off?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-09-02T21:05:06.767" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15533" CreationDate="2017-09-02T13:11:08.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Half a year later I can answer this myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;points = floor(conversionFactor * (result + resultShift)^2 + pointShift)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And all the smarts are within knowing the coefficients. But let's start with something simpler to understand what's going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Track events&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In track events the result is measured against a reference time. Your improvement with respect to the reference is then squared and multiplied by a certain factor that converts squared seconds to points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Example&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider 100m in outdoor for men. The reference time for this event is 17 seconds in the 2017 edition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose John ran the distance in 11.78 seconds. That is 5.22 seconds better than the reference time. John's result is thus equivalent to 24.63 * 5.22^2 = 952 points (just drop the digits following the decimal point at the end). The 24.63 is a coefficient specific to this event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula for track events can be expressed like this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;points = floor(conversionFactor * (reference - result)^2)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;General formula&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other events have one more event-dependant coefficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But first, the result is shifted by a number (similar to comparing with reference in track events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shifted result is then squared and multiplied by a factor. And this is then shited by another number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula can be expressed like this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;points = floor(conversionFactor * (result + resultShift)^2 + pointShift)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This formula can also be used for track events by setting &lt;code&gt;resultShift = -reference&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;pointShift = 0&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Implementation&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any developers I have created a &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/GlaivePro/IaafPoints&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;PHP library&lt;/a&gt; to calculate points. You might also be interested to inspect the source even if you have to do this in another programming language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12498" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T13:11:08.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15533" CreationDate="2017-09-02T14:43:57.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mathematics.open.ac.uk/people/mick.bromilow#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mick Bromilow&lt;/a&gt; Department of Mathematics &amp;amp; Statistics, The Open University article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.southernathletics.org.uk/assets/files/bromilowscoring.docx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Towards a fairer scoring system in athletics Changes for 2014&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) tables by Dr Bojidar Spiriev, called the Hungarian Scoring Tables. The scoring system used in these tables is based on the formula&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Score = A * |P - B| ^ C&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where P is the performance (in seconds or metres), B is the base performance below which no points are scored and A and C are parameters calculated for each event. These parameters are not published but it is straightforward to determine them using mathematical software.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cs.uml.edu/%7Ephoffman/hung.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cs.uml.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From IAAF Scoring Tables of Athletics for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=0bd6eac7-7e9b-4626-a467-967049a63df4.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=IAAF%20Scoring%20Tables%20of%20Athletics%20-%20Indoor%20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indoor&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=b031e933-c722-4d0d-bfb9-9399ff8fb26f.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=IAAF%20Scoring%20Tables%20of%20Athletics%20-%20Outdoor%20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Outdoor&lt;/a&gt; may be significant to question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it is natural after a 3-year period, certain results and&#xA;scores became disproportionate, corrections of different volumes had to be made with creating new&#xA;formulas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;IAAF Scoring Tables for combined events have formulae.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF&lt;/a&gt; Scoring Tables for Combined Events &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=c651eeb3-0f9d-47c0-9314-a3bd001e0960.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=IAAF%20Scoring%20Tables%20for%20Combined%20Events&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pdf&lt;/a&gt; file contains formulae to calculate the point score (P) For a given performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Track events P = a * (b - T) ^ c where t is time in seconds e.g. 10.43 for 100 metres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jumps P = a * (M - b) ^ c where m is measurement in centimetres; e.g. 808 for long jump&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throws P = a * (D - b) ^ c where D is distance in metres e.g. 16.69 for shotput&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a, b and c are parameters whose values are listed below. * stands for multiplication, and ^ stands for exponentiation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the value of P (points) must be rounded down to a whole number after&#xA;calculation (e.g. 123.999 becomes 123).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parameters (constants for each event):&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/o7L9V.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;mens event&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yGeGw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;womens event&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that points for manual times in events up to 400 metres are calculated either&#xA;by adding the standard adjustment factor to the time (i.e. 0.24 sec. for events&#xA;below 400 metres, 0.14 sec. for 400 metres) or by subtracting the factor from the &amp;quot;b&amp;quot; parameter. There are no adjustments for events above 400 metres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6gi1k.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;example&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: Included Blockquote and picture are copied from linked pdf of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/home&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T09:53:57.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16880" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-03T08:58:35.917" Score="2" ViewCount="4727" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Kabaddi, if a raider goes into struggle and while tackling the raider a defender enters the opponent team's court and raider some how is tackled by the defenders then the raider is declared out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13944" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T09:49:15.263" LastActivityDate="2023-08-07T15:47:14.113" Title="If during a struggle defender crosses the line but raider does not then the raider is declared out or not?" Tags="|rules|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16880" CreationDate="2017-09-03T09:49:47.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;No&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, raider will not be out and points will be given to raiding team in this case (when defenders enters the opponent team's court).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From General rules of play in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prokabaddi.com/prokabaddi-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Kabaddi&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;During the course of raid none of the defenders shall touch the raider’s court until completion of the raid. In case one or more defender touches the raiders’ court before completion of the raid they will be declared out and the opponent team will be given that many points. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T09:49:47.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-03T11:25:55.703" Score="2" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can player B touch the ball in any of these situastions?&#xA;The ball is traveling to the opponents field after receive. Setter A is close to the ball.&#xA;Blocker B is not putting their hands over the net in any of these situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NvFOq.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NvFOq.png&quot; alt=&quot;volleyball 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lf6MR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lf6MR.png&quot; alt=&quot;set3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13945" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T13:31:04.073" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T15:57:47.480" Title="How to block when the ball is over the net?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16882" CreationDate="2017-09-03T15:57:47.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most important rule here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 9, &quot;Playing the ball&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team must play within its own playing area and space&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, B is perfectly entitled to play the ball as shown in both your diagrams. In your top diagram, A is &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; entitled to play the part of the ball which is on their side of the net - this could lead to a simultaneous contact which is covered by Rule 9.1.2 if you want the details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your second diagram, A is playing the ball outside their own playing area, so will commit a fault if they actually touch the ball (or player B). Quoting Rule 11.4.1, which lists the faults a player may commit at the net:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space&#xA;  before or during the opponent’s attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T15:57:47.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-03T17:54:37.717" Score="2" ViewCount="1113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that it is a penalty shot if you conceal/cover/fall on the puck while it's in the crease (&quot;No defending player, except the goalkeeper, will be permitted to fall on the puck, hold the puck, pick up the puck, or gather the puck into the body or hands when the puck is within the goal crease. For infringement of this rule, play shall immediately be stopped and a Penalty shot shall be ordered against the offending team), but my question is, how does it work when the puck is partially in the crease and partially outside of it? Assume a small part of the puck is on the red line that makes up the border of the crease and that most of it is on the white ice outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, must the ENTIRE puck be within the confines of the crease for the rule to apply, or can just part of it be in the crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13063" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T18:37:44.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T22:48:45.660" Title="Covering Puck in Crease" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16884" CreationDate="2017-09-03T19:55:42.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other rulings (notably also including the crease, rule 78-b disallowing attackers from entering the crease prior to the puck and 57-a the definition of a goal being scored) are based on the principle of &quot;any bit in counts as in&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the former, any part of a skate or stick being inside the crease means the player is in the crease, even if the majority is outside. For the latter, any part of the puck remaining on or above the line means a goal has not yet been scored, and is therefore still in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean that any part of the puck being on or above the crease (either the red border or the blue interior) will result in the puck being considered inside the crease, even if the majority is outside of the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For practical purposes, unless it is very clear that some part of the puck was inside the crease at the moment the violation of a rule began, officials may err on the side of caution, and decline to give a penalty shot under this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T19:55:42.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16886" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-03T20:56:04.003" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an MLB game, Astros' pitcher left the game in top of 5th while the Astros were winning 7-6. They since used a new pitcher in every inning. At the end the Astros won the game 8-6. Which pitcher gets the winning record?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13949" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T21:35:37.997" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T21:35:37.997" Title="Pitcher awarded the winning record" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-09-12T09:07:59.850" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-03T21:17:04.507" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an old guy. I seem to remember a day (40s or 50s) where a NFL runner was tackled and would be allowed to get up and continue to run. This was before the runner was considered down if his knee touched the ground. Doing a search on google, I couldn't find such a rule change. Am I dreaming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13950" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-03T21:23:51.203" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T21:23:51.203" Title="Nfl history - Pre 1950's" Tags="|rules|american-football|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-12-21T14:38:14.110" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3993" CreationDate="2017-09-03T23:37:24.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014 Legia Warszawa played Celtic Glasgow in UCL qualifiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Legia won the home game 4-1, played the away game also winning (2-0). However one of their players, (Bartosz Bereszynski) was not officially included in the match day squad, yet still appeared on the pitch. UEFA disqualified Legia for that particular game, so Celtic automatically won this game by 3-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, Celtic advanced to the Champions League play-off on a 4-4 aggregate thanks to the away goals they &lt;em&gt;&quot;scored&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in Warsaw or maybe Celtic would advance even if Legia won 10-0 in the first game. Here you can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000546/match=2014186/postmatch/report/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the oficial UEFA match report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13951" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-04T13:38:11.297" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T13:38:11.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16768" CreationDate="2017-09-04T04:26:03.090" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run rate should always be calculated according to the actual number of overs involved. NRR will be calculated by number of overs batted (not how many were allocated at the start), RRR will be calculated by number of overs remaining (not how many would have been remaining if there were no reductions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means too that if a team is bowled out in fewer overs than the innings allowed, the NRR will be calculated by how long they batted, not how long they &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; have batted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm sure it's possible to have a tournament with playing conditions which stipulate a different NRR calculation for statistical purposes. Can't really think why, but it's possible. You should check the tourname PQs to make sure there's no such clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9915" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T04:26:03.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12610" CreationDate="2017-09-04T05:37:12.130" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is possible to estimate the effectiveness of sweeping on a curling rock.   There have been numerous studies to determine the answer to this question.   I have personally participated in several of these studies.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These studies often involve a rock throwing machine which is able to throw the rock on a consistent trajectory, with a consistent speed and rotation (Sometimes it can just be a human throwing them as well but those results are not as robust as there is more variance in a human thrower than a robot.)  After the rock is released, you have a group of sweepers that either sweep the rock or leave it alone.  There can be variations on this where sweepers try different techniques or try different broom heads. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, 3 - 9ft is the distance that can be added to a rock when swept. However whether you get 3ft or 9ft depends on many factors such as: ice temperature, air temperature, humidity, frost, type of pebble, type of broom, strength of sweeper, running surface of the rock.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the keener the ice, the more distance a rock can be dragged and earlier in the game is when sweeping is most effective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.curling.ca/blog/2010/10/04/hey-coach-sweeping-secrets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CCA blog post on sweeping study&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1243/14644207JMDA93&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Study on rock distance achieved from heating ice from sweeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13952" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-04T18:19:28.803" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T18:19:28.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17013" CreationDate="2017-09-04T06:55:52.227" Score="5" ViewCount="2997" Body="&lt;p&gt;When or if I hit the green on par 4 on my first stroke, does that count as fairway hit aswell or do I simply just remove that hole from my stat card (regarding fairwayhits)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13953" LastEditorUserId="13953" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T07:53:08.740" LastActivityDate="2018-12-02T17:46:00.860" Title="Does hitting green on stroke 1 also count as fairway hit?" Tags="|statistics|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16898" CreationDate="2017-09-04T15:04:23.593" Score="1" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is spreading arms wide and preventing the other team player behind you to move a foul? Is that some kind of illegal screen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13954" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-09-04T17:17:09.307" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T14:17:51.490" Title="Is spreading arms foul" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16430" CreationDate="2017-09-04T15:31:10.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm actually going to take a different tact and expect that you have no real problems with ball-handling. Crossovers, between the legs, spin moves, whatever - mechanically, they're all pretty straightforward, easy to perform maneuvers with some practice. Of which it seems like you're getting plenty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What differentiates an effective move from one that basically ends up just for show is &lt;strong&gt;whether you can beat a defender off of it&lt;/strong&gt;. These moves are geared towards making a defender hesitate long enough for you to blow by them. While performing the move cleanly is part of it, the hesitation caused by the move is what you really need to capitalize on, and you haven't mentioned the key component of taking advantage of it - &lt;strong&gt;quickness&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your first step or two after performing a move are &lt;em&gt;crucial&lt;/em&gt;. They need to be decisive and quick. Watch any of the great ball-handlers and you'll see a common theme: insane quickness. Any great on-ball defender has the same attribute. They can change direction on a dime and get back in front of their man even if they get juked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While your current drills will also help with quickness, dedicating 10-15 minutes a day to drills that focus solely on improving it &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; help you beat defenders off the dribble. There are tons of drills to help with this - agility ladders are among the best, and you can make them on a gym floor with some tape easily enough. You may not immediately notice the improvement and quickness, but those defending you certainly will. They'll also make your moves more quick and more fluid by improving your footwork without you even realizing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, &lt;strong&gt;practice these moves with a defender as well&lt;/strong&gt;. Get your quickest buddy and play one-on-one with them. They'll help you learn how to use these skills in a real atmosphere and with some physical contact. Plus it's a lot more fun than just doing drill alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T15:31:10.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16895" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16896" CreationDate="2017-09-04T22:14:23.183" Score="3" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a whole lot of MCC 2017 changes coming up: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/assets/Uploads/MCC-Laws-of-Cricket-2017-Code-Final-8-May.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC Laws of Cricket 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summary: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/assets/Uploads/Law-Summary-Paper-Interactive-V6.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law Summary Paper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these changes apply to old matches which would modify their stats slightly? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13958" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T03:12:04.217" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T03:12:04.217" Title="Will the new MCC 2017 laws apply on old cricket match stats?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16895" CreationDate="2017-09-05T00:50:06.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are potentially two changes in the new Laws which could affect match statistics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The merging of the &quot;handled the ball&quot; dismissal into &quot;obstructing the field&quot;. Given the small number of handled the ball dismissals which have happened in top-level cricket, it would be possible to re-write the score books to change all these into &quot;obstructing the field&quot;. Frankly, all that's going to do is to change the answers to some trivia questions - e.g. &quot;How many people have been given out obstructing the field in Test cricket?&quot; would change from just &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructing_the_field#Dismissals_in_international_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Len Hutton&lt;/a&gt; to a set of eight people.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A change in scoring when byes or leg byes are scored off a no-ball. In the old Laws, this would be scored as multiple no-balls (and thus all debited to the bowler) whereas in the new Laws it would be one no ball and a separate account of byes or leg byes (thus leading to only one run being debited to the bowler). As even for international cricket, full ball-by-ball scores don't exist from before the mid-1990s, it's just not possible to do this for a lot of earlier matches. More generally, this change is similar to that made in the early 1980s when wides and no-balls were first debited to the bowler - while some analyses have been performed under the &quot;new&quot; way of doing things, the official scorecard stands as it was scored when the match was played.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T00:50:06.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-05T01:18:45.177" Score="1" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most love serve games in a tennis match for men and women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis the word love is used to represent 0 points in a game. So by love serve game, I mean a server game won without dropping a single point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T01:18:45.177" Title="Most love serve games" Tags="|tennis|records|atp|wta|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16892" CreationDate="2017-09-05T14:17:51.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, extending your arms while setting a screen is classified as an illegal screen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://videorulebook.nba.com/archive/illegal-screen-pickn-roll-screener-extends-arms-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://videorulebook.nba.com/archive/illegal-screen-pickn-roll-screener-extends-arms-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T14:17:51.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16901" CreationDate="2017-09-05T21:12:17.170" Score="2" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is 'retired out' counted in the 'bowling average' of a bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13958" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T22:42:10.377" Title="Is retired out counted in the bowling average?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17012" CreationDate="2017-09-05T21:54:40.327" Score="-1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 'last man stand' cricket matches, would the 'last man stand' rule come into play if all players were out but one and that was including 2 retired out's?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13958" LastEditorUserId="13958" LastEditDate="2017-09-20T23:04:39.717" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T23:04:39.717" Title="Does last man stand rule come into play earlier with retired out's" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16899" CreationDate="2017-09-05T22:42:10.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. As with run outs and the more obscure forms of dismissal (obstructing the field, etc), the bowler is not credited with a wicket for a batsman retiring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the effect of a batsman retiring is very similar to that of a wicket falling, it's actually a different procedure - in particular, a batsman who retired for any reason other than &quot;illness, injury or any other unavoidable cause&quot; (i.e. who would be recorded as &quot;retired - out&quot; if they do not resume their innings) can in fact resume their innings with the consent of the opposing captain - see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-substitutes-and-runners-batsman-or-fielder-leaving-the-field-batsman-retiring-or-batsman-commencing-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.9&lt;/a&gt; for details (or the renumbered Law 25.4 in the October 2017 code).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T22:42:10.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16921" CreationDate="2017-09-06T09:05:20.033" Score="4" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the current sign stealing issue between the Red Sox and the Yankees. I don't understand how sign stealing in baseball actually works. Just seeing a catcher's sign is not enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can a team know what their opponents' signs actually mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't each team have their own signs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't they change their meanings now and then like a password?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.boston.com/sports/boston-red-sox/2017/09/06/dustin-pedroia-says-why-such-a-fuss-over-sign-stealing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston Globe&lt;/a&gt; quotes Red Sox second baseman Dustin Pedroia: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Our adjustment to that stuff is: go out to the mound and change the&#xA;  signs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OK, I guess one could identify the current signs at the start of a game by watching the signs and the pitches that follow. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/shocking-history-sign-stealing-baseball-053859138.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt; describes this process:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if someone on a team’s video staff cracks an opponent’s signals, they are run from the video room to an intermediary in the dugout and forwarded to players on the field&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that process would take longer than the actual at bat itself and the information would never reach the batter in time. The only benefactor would be the runner at second base who will know when to steal a base. But he should be able to see the catcher's signs directly and wouldn't need a relay chain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, that runner could alert the batter directly on what pitch to expect once the signs have been cracked. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.boston.com/sports/boston-red-sox/2017/09/06/report-red-sox-used-apple-watch-to-steal-yankees-signs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston Globe&lt;/a&gt; describes this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Often times it happens when a runner at second base peers in to see the catcher’s sign and then subtly flashes a signal — maybe a hand movement, or the positioning of his feet — to the batter to let him know whether the next pitch will be a fastball, curveball or something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how often is there a runner at second base during a game? It's not that big of an advantage in my opinion. And I'm pretty sure all teams have been doing this for 150 years or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I have never played baseball myself, unfortunately. I'm just an interested spectator so please bear with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13946" LastEditorUserId="13946" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T11:05:02.687" LastActivityDate="2017-10-08T18:02:12.077" Title="Sign stealing in baseball" Tags="|baseball|mlb|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16905" CreationDate="2017-09-06T15:42:01.747" Score="3" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;September 6, 2017, marks 10,000 days since &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liverpool FC&lt;/a&gt; last won the English league title. Of course, I know they're not the record-holders, but I'd like to know who are?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which team has gone the longest time without winning the top-flight league championship? Given that the team has won at least 1 title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12685" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T21:43:13.587" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:43:13.587" Title="Which team has the longest time not winning the top flight league championship?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16904" CreationDate="2017-09-06T15:59:03.417" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston_North_End_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Preston North End&lt;/a&gt; last won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889%E2%80%9390_Football_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;English Football League in &lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt;90&lt;/a&gt;, 127 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T15:59:03.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16908" CreationDate="2017-09-07T04:47:41.983" Score="2" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;Steve Young, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/league-of-denial/the-frontline-interview-steve-young/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an interview&lt;/a&gt;, stated that he played 18 seasons of football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Young&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia page on him&lt;/a&gt;, it lists 17 seasons (15 in the NFL, 2 in the USFL), not 18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can this discrepancy be resolved? I'd like to think that you could trust his own word on this over Wikipedia, but at the same time I just don't see how he came up with 18, it doesn't make sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13965" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-27T18:43:39.047" LastActivityDate="2019-11-27T18:43:39.047" Title="How many seasons did Steve Young play?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16633" CreationDate="2017-09-07T12:57:35.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A deep Internet search didn't point to any match where 4 or more undeliberate own goals were scored in a single game, except Catania's 4 own-goals for Internazionale that was already mentioned in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/16633/12991&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the interesting one that I did find is during Nigeria Nation Wide League Division 3 play-offs, 2 scandalous matches ended with insane scores:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Plateau United Feeders &lt;strong&gt;79 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; Akurba FC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Police Machine FC &lt;strong&gt;67 - 0&lt;/strong&gt; Bubayaro FC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23253562&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A journalist who saw Bubayaro's defeat against Police Machine, and who&#xA;  asked not to be identified in order to protect his own safety, told&#xA;  BBC Sport: &quot;In the second half, we started witnessing outrageous &lt;strong&gt;own&#xA;  goals&lt;/strong&gt;, free-kicks and terrible goalkeeping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/nigeria/10197198/Plateau-United-Feeders-and-Police-Machine-players-banned-after-Nigerian-football-matches-end-79-0-and-67-0.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Telegraph&lt;/a&gt; reports that one player alone has scored 3 own goals in the fixed match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was embarrassing that in one of the games, a player scored 11 times&#xA;  while in the other, four goals were scored within a minute and a&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;player scored three own-goals&lt;/strong&gt; in a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This player was identified by &lt;a href=&quot;http://gulfnews.com/sport/football/nigeria-cracks-down-on-fixers-after-football-games-end-79-0-67-0-1.1212849&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gulf News&lt;/a&gt; as the captain of Akurba FC:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The NFF &lt;em&gt;[Nigerian Football Federation]&lt;/em&gt; named 28 players as goal scorers — and &lt;strong&gt;own goal scorers&lt;/strong&gt; —&#xA;  in the two games, responsible for a scarcely-believable 146 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Akurba captain Anjide Said Timothy was identified by the NFF as one of&#xA;  the organisers of the “scandalous” results. He scored three own goals&#xA;  in Akurba’s huge loss, the NFF said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goalprofits.com/most-goals-scored-in-a-football-match/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By half-time, Plateau United were 7-0 up, while Police Machine were&#xA;  leading by 6 goals to nil. However, things quickly got out of hand, as&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;both teams’ opponents began to put the ball into their own net&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  following the break, with the games eventually ending 79-0 and 67-0&#xA;  respectively, earning Plateau United promotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, players and officials of clubs involved in two Nigerian promotion play-off games have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23412227&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;banned for life&lt;/a&gt;. The four clubs have been banned from the game for 10 years. Unfortunately, none of the articles reveal the exact number of own goals, but we can guess that there were &lt;em&gt;a lot&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T16:27:08.693" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T16:27:08.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16906" CreationDate="2017-09-07T13:37:01.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Young&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Young&lt;/a&gt; played 17 seasons (15 in the NFL, 2 in the USFL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/Y/YounSt00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pro-football-reference&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.britannica.com/biography/Steve-Young&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;britannica&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/player/steveyoung/2503843/careerstats&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nfl.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbsnews.com/news/steve-youngs-mental-struggle-off-the-playing-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cbsnews&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.profootballhof.com/players/steve-young/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;profootballhof&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalfootballstats.com/PlayerQB.asp?id=4312&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;totalfootballstats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2016/11/18/steve-young-usfl-40-million&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wbur.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMO, he intended to say &quot;I played almost 18 seasons.&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/league-of-denial/the-frontline-interview-steve-young/#seg5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I played 18 seasons.&lt;/a&gt;&quot; in that interview. Even if he have calculated his NCAA career that would make it 19 different year. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OyoWO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OyoWO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Steve young Career&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T13:37:01.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13514" CreationDate="2017-09-07T16:17:39.580" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;More than committed in defensive duties I'd say that most of the players are committed to their manager because they trust Simeone and all of them have given 200% of their potential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players like Griezmann didn't want to quit because they have learned a lot and improved their skills with Simeone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from Wenger, Simeone is the European trainer with more seasons in the same club in a row. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9729" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T16:17:39.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16913" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16914" CreationDate="2017-09-08T11:17:39.810" Score="2" ViewCount="5126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should Germany's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9FuyS22s2s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first goal&lt;/a&gt; by Özil against Norway on the 4th September 2017 have been disallowed if Timo Werner were in an offside position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, a defender on the far side of the pitch was playing Werner onside, but I'm interested in the hypothetical case where a player in an offside position is blocking the view of the goalkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13969" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T13:21:21.697" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T16:49:25.697" Title="Should a goal be disallowed if a player in an offside position blocks the view of the goalkeeper?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16913" CreationDate="2017-09-08T11:27:06.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game - Law 11: Offside - 2. Offside offence&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in&#xA;  active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent by:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly &lt;strong&gt;obstructing the opponent’s line of vision&lt;/strong&gt; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we assume that German #11 Timo Werner is in clear offside position (which is not the case) and given that he is positioned right in front of the Norwegian goalkeeper obstructing his line of vision, then it means that he causes an offside offence, hence the goal should have been disallowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation is also mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2017/LotG_17_18_EN_Guidelines.pdf#page=26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Practical Guidelines for Match Officials&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An attacker &lt;strong&gt;in an offside position&lt;/strong&gt; (A) is clearly obstructing the&#xA;  goalkeeper’s line of vision. The player must be penalised for&#xA;  preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Decision: &lt;strong&gt;Offside offence&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2017/LotG_17_18_EN_Guidelines.pdf#page=26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xRnCr.png&quot; alt=&quot;Offside&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the freeze frame from another point of view, showing how Timo Werner obstructs Jarstein's (Norwegian goalkeeper) line of vision by positioning himself on the same line with Özil and Jarstein:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/68xVy.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/68xVy.png&quot; alt=&quot;freeze frame&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-10T16:49:25.697" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T16:49:25.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16916" CreationDate="2017-09-08T11:44:44.397" Score="3" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsWQuuFsnG4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; humorously lists possible trash-talking in the NFL. What is the joke of the following &quot;insults&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#5 Your receivers can't run a clean route on a Hail Mary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a clean route and why is it / isn't it difficult to run during a Hail Mary pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#8 Your running back is ridiculous. He has no game. He has mud on his jersey even though his games are being played in a dome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why wouldn't domed playing areas not be muddy, and why is it a particularly good insult that a running back has mud on his jersey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;#9 The ref threw the flag &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; your quarterback for pass interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't get this joke at all - isn't pass interference only applicable to the defensive team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T12:14:10.423" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T12:30:29.237" Title="What is the meaning of these American football trash talk expressions?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16915" CreationDate="2017-09-08T12:30:29.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all cases, there is a more or less direct implication that the player(s) lack the skill or integrity to deserve a place in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;5&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A clean route is a path which takes the runner away from potential tacklers and into space where the thrown ball can be received.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since a Hail Mary play involves almost all offensive players being runners, this would imply the offensive players are either unable to run into such space or actively run into defensive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;8&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In a dome&quot; implies an indoor field, which almost always use artificial turf due to the difficulty of maintaining real grass. Artificial turf does not require dirt, does not become more than damp, and therefore should never be muddy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Have/Got game&quot; is a term describing general prowess in more than just pure playing skill, but in the meta aspects of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests the player added mud to their jersey, attempting to appear committed to the game (since the mud would come from being tackled or blocked, evidence of being active in play) but ironically forgetting there should be no mud regardless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;9&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A flag thrown &quot;on&quot; a player implies the player had committed a foul which resulted in a flag being thrown by a referee or other official such as an illegitimate interference with a pass, thereby preventing a good offensive play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the quarterback is the one &lt;strong&gt;making&lt;/strong&gt; the pass, this suggests they are somehow interfering with their own team's intent, further implying a lack of throwing skill or perhaps even sabotage and cheating of some kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T12:30:29.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5167" CreationDate="2017-09-08T12:41:05.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any evidence that he is personally doing negotiations, contract details, etc., or is he delegating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &lt;a href=&quot;http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.24393/title.jay-z-now-a-licensed-nba-mlb-agent#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jay-Z is licensed to be an NBA and MLB agent&lt;/a&gt;. He may have done negotiations, contract details, etc. But at beginning, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalprosports.com/2014/11/17/the-12-clients-of-jay-zs-roc-nation-sports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;he partnered up&lt;/a&gt; with CAA and NFL superagent Tom Condon. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/more-sports/2014/10/20/roc-nation-jay-z-sports-agency-hiring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Now the agency is looking to hire agents&lt;/a&gt; and buy their agencies and hire some. so he personally doesn't have to negotiate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.complex.com/sports/2013/06/jay-z-licensed-nba-agent-roc-nation-sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;complex.com&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jay-Z is officially licensed to be an NBA agent. So he will be able to sign new clients and negotiate on their behalf moving forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this &lt;a href=&quot;http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.34684/title.jay-z-lands-70-million-deal-for-dez-bryant#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hiphopdx.com&lt;/a&gt; article will help clarifying few things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallascowboys.com/video/2015/07/16/secret-audio-jerry-calls-congratulate-dez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dallas Cowboys&lt;/a&gt; released a video of team owner Jerry Jones congratulating Bryant and explaining how he worked out a deal with his agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“My hats off to you,” Jones tells Bryant. “You did a good job associating yourself with Jay Z. He’s wonderful. I spent hours with him last night and it was great, thinks a lot of you and I do too.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rocnation.com/about/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roc Nation Sports&lt;/a&gt;, is the agency founded by rapper Jay-Z.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roc Nation Sports’ roster includes premiere athletes such as Robinson Cano, Skylar Diggins, &lt;a href=&quot;http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.24246/title.jay-z-s-roc-nation-sports-to-sign-kevin-durant-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kevin Durant&lt;/a&gt;, Geno Smith, Victor Cruz, CC Sabathia, James Young, Dez Bryant, Ndamukong Suh, Rusney Castillo, Yoenis Cespedes, Jaelen Strong, Todd Gurley, Wilson Chandler, Erick Aybar, Justise Winslow, Willie Cauley-Stein, &lt;a href=&quot;http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.34855/title.jay-z-signs-soccer-player-jerome-boateng-to-roc-nation-sports#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jerome Boateng&lt;/a&gt;, Miguel Sano, CJ Prosise, Ronnie Stanley, Henry Ellenson, Caris LeVert and Mike Gbinije.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For full list of client: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc_Nation_Sports#Clients&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Erick Aybar, Atlanta Braves&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Robinson Canó, Seattle Mariners&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Rusney Castillo, Boston Red Sox&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Yoenis Céspedes, New York Mets&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;D. J. Peterson, Seattle Mariners&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Dustin Peterson, Atlanta Braves&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;CC Sabathia, New York Yankees&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Braden Shipley, Arizona Diamondbacks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American Football&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dez Bryant, Dallas Cowboys&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Victor Cruz, Chicago Bears&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Todd Gurley, Los Angeles Rams&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;C. J. Prosise, Seattle Seahawks&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Geno Smith, New York Giants&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ronnie Stanley, Baltimore Ravens&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Jaelen Strong, Houston Texans&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ndamukong Suh, Miami Dolphins&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Leonard Fournette, Jacksonville Jaguars&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Willie Cauley-Stein, Sacramento Kings&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Wilson Chandler, Denver Nuggets&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Skylar Diggins, Dallas Wings&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Kevin Durant, Golden State Warriors&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Henry Ellenson, Detroit Pistons&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Michael Gbinije, Detroit Pistons&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Caris LeVert, Brooklyn Nets&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Justise Winslow, Miami Heat&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;James Young, Boston Celtics&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Matt Barnes, Golden State Warriors&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Rudy Gay, Sacramento Kings&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ty Lawson, Sacramento Kings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Association football&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jérôme Boateng, FC Bayern Munich&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boxing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Miguel Cotto&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Andre Ward&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Luis Arias&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Sonny Fredrickson&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Tyler McCreary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Retail&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Malcolm Anderson, AT&amp;amp;T&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T15:47:22.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16918" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-08T13:22:29.667" Score="4" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/appeal-review-red-card-decision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLS Press Box&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Appeal to review a Send-Off Decision:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Prior to the start of the MLS League Season, Clubs must post a $25,000 refundable bond with the League Office for the right to make up to two (2) unsuccessful appeals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.If an appeal is upheld (i.e., successful), then the send-off punishment will be rescinded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.If an appeal is rejected, then the send-off punishment (and any supplemental discipline should it be administered by the MLS Disciplinary Committee) will stand and the Club will have lost one of its two allotted appeals for the Season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4.If an appeal is deemed frivolous by the Ruling Body that reviewed the case, then the bond will be forfeited and the Club will further lose the right to appeal any other decisions in that League Season and the next one. Further, the send-off punishment of the player or coach/staff member will be doubled (i.e., an automatic suspension of two (2) games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pardon my naivety, but does that imply that MLS teams can not make any appeal once their upper limit for appeals expires &lt;em&gt;(even for genuine cases)&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is this just an MLS thing or does a similar system exist in other leagues as well where no appeal can be made once the upper limit expires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13900" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:58:56.747" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:59:39.460" Title="Upper limit of unsuccessful appeals against suspensions" Tags="|rules|football|mls|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16918" CreationDate="2017-09-08T14:18:09.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, MLS teams can not make any appeals once their upper limit for appeals expires. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://backlinesoccer.com/the-curious-case-of-red-card-appeals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;backlinesoccer.com&lt;/a&gt; article,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The team is only allowed two unsuccessful appeals a season, and as a deterrent from this system being abused, if the ruling body determines the red card appeal is frivolous then the team loses the bond, loses the right to appeal any decision for the current season as well as the next season, plus the punishment of the red card appeal is doubled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why we see many controversial red cards not reviewed in MLS. Examples: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/news/orlando-city-to-accept-kaka-suspension-following/se60qoudlhdz1itmoiepsk9o5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.modernghana.com/sports/761727/mls-side-columus-crew-decides-not-to-appeal-jonathan-mensah.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am still searching for system similar to MLS, will add that if I find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:59:39.460" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:59:39.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16913" CreationDate="2017-09-08T15:06:02.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As gdrt answer clearly answer hypothetical case of attacker in an offside position and obstructing the goalkeeper's line of vision. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the referee interpretation play a big role in determining whether that's the case of offside or not. And it is not sure that if a defender on the far side of the pitch was absent it would have been offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://footballrefereeing.blogspot.com/2014/09/offside-clearly-obstructing-line-of.html#.WbKoY8gjG00&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An attacker, who is initially in an offside position, must clearly obstruct an opponent's line of vision to be penalized. If this possible obstruction is unclear, the attacker should not be penalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law-11.com/line-of-vision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; article explains how viewing angle of referee affects a decision process. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pUMhU.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pUMhU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;viewing angle&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Source&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law-11.com/line-of-vision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law-11.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For different examples of this case &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law-11.com/line-of-vision/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T15:06:02.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16902" CreationDate="2017-09-08T17:10:35.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sign stealing is pretty easy - you watch the signs and then match the corresponding pitches.  The signs indicate what kind of pitch (fastball, change-up, slider, curve, etc.) and often the placement - down the middle, inside. low/high, etc.  If you know that a batter has a hittable pitch and can relay that to them before the ball comes it greatly improves their chances at getting a hit and avoiding pitches that are likely to result in a swing and a miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly a runner at 2nd base would have the best view of the catcher to see what signs issued, but the team at bat also has coaches at first and third bases who both have a pretty good view of the catcher.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the real way this is being done today is through the use of the live television feed which teams use for instant replay on their jumbotron screens throughout the park.  Tom Verducci writing &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/mlb/2017/09/05/yankees-red-sox-sign-stealing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for Sports Illustrated, says that use of the live feed became an issue when Major League Baseball instituted instant replay to review some calls in 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is common practice in baseball to steal signs and not technically against the rules.  One reason you see players come out to surround a pitcher is that the team changes signs during a game.  Where the Red Sox broke an actual rule, and not just ethics, was in the use of electronic equipment in the dugout.  The only communication device in a baseball dugout that uses electricity is supposed to be the analog phone that is connected to the bullpen.  Unlike most sports that have headsets, tablets, etc. baseball opts for the tradition of the past and says you cannot use any electronic communications in the dugout - so no one even has a cell phone. They do allow tablets, but they cannot receive information during the game - all data is preloaded (batter spray charts, pitcher tendencies, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Red Sox had someone who watched the video monitor in real time to get the sign and sent sign to a coach with an Apple Watch who could whistle to indicate either a pitch that they could hit or to avoid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An old adage in baseball is, &quot;If you ain't cheatin' you ain't tryin'.&quot;  Sign stealing, baseball hiding, ball altering are accepted common practices, but if you are found with a nail file or use electronic means, etc. and get caught you are penalized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T17:10:35.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16923" CreationDate="2017-09-08T19:37:02.093" Score="1" ViewCount="754" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case of beach volleyball, I am spiking the ball and it hits the net. The hit pushes the net and it touches the blockers hands. Would it be called a foul or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13973" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T19:56:04.940" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T19:58:04.677" Title="Is it a foul when the ball pushes the net into blockers hands?" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16922" CreationDate="2017-09-08T19:58:04.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB-BeachVolleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Official Beach Volleyball Rules 2017-2020&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.3 CONTACT WITH THE NET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.3.3 When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent,&#xA;no fault is committed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which clearly state it will not be called fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T19:58:04.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16925" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-09T08:09:05.667" Score="1" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;In training session, someone told the other NFL players, &quot;Out round&quot; and then the player passed a ball. Does it mean knockout round? &#xA;it's from TV show psych season 3, episode 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13974" LastEditorUserId="13974" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T01:28:12.903" LastActivityDate="2021-01-10T14:17:05.113" Title="What does &quot;out round&quot; mean in NFL?" Tags="|terminology|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15933" CreationDate="2017-09-10T12:10:07.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I crunched the numbers on Word Cup intercontinental playoffs. The team that plays the 2nd leg at home has won 61% of the time as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://bitedge.com/blog/second-leg-home-advantage-in-world-cup-intercontinental-playoffs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bitedge.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's because in the 2nd leg you know exactly what result you need and you have a greater chance of determining the result at home than you would away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13981" LastEditorUserId="13981" LastEditDate="2017-11-17T09:59:34.903" LastActivityDate="2017-11-17T09:59:34.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13557" CreationDate="2017-09-10T19:49:13.293" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runners who failed to tag are force outs because they must return to their base to tag up before advancing. So all three outs are force outs and the runner on third does not score, regardless of when in the timeline he crosses home plate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13985" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T19:49:13.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16931" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-11T01:11:31.123" Score="5" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 4 majors of Tennis, the men in the singles competition need to play the best of 5 sets. From what I have seen, is that if a player plays a 5 setter and wins, they are going to have less of a chance of winning the next match than if they had won by 3 sets (just my observation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is considering more about endurance, stamina and fatigue rather than skill or who they play against in the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been such analysis done and if so what is the probabilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like saying that the same player against the same opponent in the next round is a % greater chance of losing if they played a 5 set match beforehand instead of a 3 set match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorUserId="4851" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T22:26:05.080" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T15:54:53.133" Title="Probability of winning after playing a 5 set match" Tags="|tennis|statistics|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16397" CreationDate="2017-09-11T13:14:43.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The three results will be combined by considering only the rank in each discipline and multiplying all results, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thebmc.co.uk/sport-climbing--2020-olympic-games-and-2018-youth-olympic-games-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The lowest combined rank wins. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will be a qualification and then finals. 20 athletes of each sex (20 men and 20 women) will be in the qualification as far as I know and the best 6 will go to the finals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speed will be first, than bouldering and finally lead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does multiplying the ranks work and what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give an example, consider a speed climber who climbs reaches the top in speed with the lowest time (1st rank in speed) but who is not among the top group in either lead (say 15) or bouldering (say 18). He/she will have a combined score of 1*15*18=270.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This speed climber will be better than an mediocre guy who gets the 10th place in each discipline (10*10*10=1000). This shows that specialists are favored compared to all-discipline people (if one would look at the average rank, the all-discipline guy would win with 10 compared to (1+15+18)/3=11.33 ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the overall winner will probably be someone who is skilled in bouldering and lead (speed needs a very different skill set compared to bouldering/lead). To see that, think of someone is last in speed, but first in bouldering and third in lead. This guy will have a score of just 1*3*20=60, much lower than the above described speed climber (even if he/she would be say 10th in bouldering or lead). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12526" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T13:14:43.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16937" CreationDate="2017-09-11T14:05:22.867" Score="2" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the right situation for doing a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutmeg_(football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nutmeg&lt;/a&gt;? When the defender stands on both feet, when one foot is closer to you than another? Or maybe it can be performed in any situation? I just want to know: is there any template situation when it is more likely for doing nutmeg?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12184" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T16:02:41.293" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:33:20.180" Title="Is there any template situation when it is more likely for doing nutmeg?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16837" CreationDate="2017-09-11T17:17:55.713" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;USPPA Official 8-ball pool rules&lt;/a&gt; it says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.0 LOSS OF GAME&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1 Opponent Wins&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The opponent legally pockets the 8-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2 8-Ball Foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An 8-ball foul occurs when the 8-ball comes to rest off of the pool table, when the 8-ball is pocketed in the wrong pocket or out of sequence, or when the 8-ball is pocketed while a foul occurred (i.e., shooting player pockets the 8-ball and simultaneously scratches). The game continues if the 8-ball has not been pocketed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to confirm that if you legally pocketed the 8-ball, you won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A legally &quot;called&quot; pocket is defined in the same rules as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Call Pocket, it is encouraged that all balls be specified along with their intended pocket. However obvious balls and their respective pockets do not have to be specified. Any bank shot (object ball to rail), kick shot (rail(s) to object ball), or combinations (2 or more balls from either group) must be called to their designated pocket, or they are considered a miss. When a player successfully pockets his/her designated object balls, they continue their inning until either a miss or a foul occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Call pocket notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) It is &lt;strong&gt;never necessary to specify details&lt;/strong&gt; such as the number of banks, kisses, caroms, rails, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My reading of this is that as long as your 8-ball went into the pocket you called it was legal. Pocketing the 8-ball isn't treated differently than pocketing any other ball in this respect. You were right, your friend is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="790" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T17:17:55.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16936" CreationDate="2017-09-11T17:33:16.757" Score="2" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by the deflate gate and Ezekiel Elliott's now halted suspension, I'm wondering how the NFL can legally suspend players for off the field behaviours. Are there clauses in the contracts and CBA that specifically mention such situations? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of Ezekiel Elliott, he didn't even get charged by the police for domestic violence (please correct me if I'm misinformed), so on what bases did the commissioner Goodell suspend him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:18:46.853" Title="How can NFL legally suspend players for off field actions" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16935" CreationDate="2017-09-11T18:18:46.853" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually covered by the standard NFL player contract; the wording for this can be found in Appendix A of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/collective-bargaining-agreement-2011-2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement&lt;/a&gt;, specifically Clause 15 of that contract, &quot;Integrity of the Game&quot; (pages 261-262):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Player therefore acknowledges his awareness that if he [...] is guilty of any other form of conduct reasonably judged by the League Commissioner to be detrimental to the League or professional football, the Commissioner will have the right [...] to fine Player in a reasonable amount; to suspend Player for a period certain or indefinitely; and/or to terminate this contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:18:46.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16933" CreationDate="2017-09-11T18:33:20.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, this is pretty objective, but the right time for a nutmeg is when &lt;em&gt;it's the easiest move to pull off&lt;/em&gt; considering the inherent risk involved with it (i.e. kicking the ball straight towards the defender). Ideally, the defender would be perfectly square to you with &lt;strong&gt;their feet spread wide and set back on their heels&lt;/strong&gt;, perhaps right after you've done a nice hesitation move. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would give you the &lt;em&gt;best&lt;/em&gt; chance to thread the ball through their legs without just bashing it into their shins while they're on the run and potentially losing possession. Additionally, you don't want them to have time to react and block the ball, so &lt;strong&gt;it's best to preface the nutmeg with a stutter or fake pass that will make them hesitate&lt;/strong&gt;. Mind you, a good defender will make it tough for you to ever have a good opportunity to ever pull it off - they'll be trying to move you towards the sideline or other defenders and will rarely square up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have a legit source for this other than playing for over a decade and plenty of trial and error trying to make my friends look like fools. And maybe being made the fool once or twice. But if you watch videos of it done successfully, you'll find the above generally holds true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T18:33:20.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16938" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-11T19:27:54.200" Score="4" ViewCount="1971" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is a not caught Backward pass a fumble and not a incomplete pass? I know all the new rules about a complete pass and why a uncaught pass is incomplete and not a fumble. But I saw a droped backward pass ruled a fumble and not incomplete!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13989" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T19:35:42.953" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T21:56:32.923" Title="Backward pass NFL" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10314" CreationDate="2017-09-11T20:48:17.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Toronto Argonauts are often toted as North America's oldest professional. The team was founded in 1873 and continued to operate uninterrupted every year since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13990" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T20:48:17.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16938" CreationDate="2017-09-11T21:56:32.923" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simplest answer is because &lt;strong&gt;a backwards (or lateral) pass isn't considered a forward pass and therefore &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/backwardpass&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;can't be ruled incomplete&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It's often called a &quot;lateral&quot; or &quot;pitch&quot;, and it's a way of transferring the ball from one player to another, &lt;em&gt;not a way of progressing up the field&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also differ from forward passes in a few others ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can be legally attempted from &lt;em&gt;anywhere on the field&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At any time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By any player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any number of times.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leads to them causing &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_pass#Famous_plays_in_history&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some crazy plays&lt;/a&gt; as teams hope to extend plays and score at the end of the game when the clock is up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/08/zach-bauman-arizona-cardinals-minnesota-Vikings&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;shotgun snaps&lt;/a&gt; are also considered a backwards pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T21:56:32.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16943" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-12T06:51:33.797" Score="4" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the Indian Premier League was started in 2008, bids were given for 10 yrs for every franchise. I have not heard anything about new bids submitted by the existing franchisees. How much money should the franchisees pay now to the BCCI ? Weren't the existing contracts expired ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T06:51:33.797" Title="How are new franchisee fees in IPL decided?" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16948" CreationDate="2017-09-12T14:28:12.060" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the time of this post, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/war/leaders&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gio Gonzalez's WAR is 0.01 ahead of Max Scherzer&lt;/a&gt;.  It's a pretty small difference, but when I look at the more traditional stats, it's really hard to see why they should even be close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gonzalez: 2.50 ERA, 1.14 WHIP, 163 K's in 179 IP&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scherzer: 2.32 ERA, 0.87 WHIP, 239 K's in 178 IP&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always thought that sabermetrics-oriented stats tended to favor pitchers who struck out more batters.  Scherzer has way more strikeouts and far fewer baserunners allowed (as indicated by the WHIP).  Can someone explain why their WARs are so similar despite this?  In my view, there's a pretty huge difference in WHIP and K's.  Also, there's a really big difference in their FIP values -- Gonzalez is at 3.89 while Scherzer is at 2.96.  Why don't these differences show up in the WAR for each pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10243" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T16:16:28.997" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T03:14:17.690" Title="Why is Gio Gonzalez's WAR is 0.01 ahead of Max Scherzer in ESPN's current WAR rankings?" Tags="|statistics|mlb|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16946" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-12T16:35:27.447" Score="3" ViewCount="6680" Body="&lt;p&gt;Michael A. Taylor hit an inside-the-park Grand Slam on Friday, September 8, 2017.  How rare is this event compared to other rare events in baseball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13994" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T04:19:25.973" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T12:39:39.227" Title="How rare is an inside-the-park grand slam home run?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16947" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16950" CreationDate="2017-09-12T16:35:32.763" Score="0" ViewCount="473" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Andy Murray's Facebook page: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I won’t be able to compete in the upcoming events in Beijing and Shanghai, and most likely, the final two events to finish the season in Vienna and Paris due to my hip injury which has been bothering me the last few months.&#xA;  Having consulted with a number of leading hip specialists over the last week, along with my own team, we have decided that this is the best decision for my long-term future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given Andy Murray's success in these tournaments last year, I'd imagine his withdrawal from these tournaments is going to be detrimental to his ranking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what could be a tentative ranking Andy Murray reemerges at to start the 2018 Australian Open swing? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T19:51:45.267" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T20:25:39.143" Title="Andy Murray's ranking at the beginning of 2018" Tags="|tennis|international-sports|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16945" CreationDate="2017-09-12T17:10:54.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well it's depends on the type calculation that being done and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/about/war_explained.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;there is no one way to determine WAR&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for FIP values, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/war/leaders/_/type/pitching/year/2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; uses WAR data provided by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt; which doesn't use &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/about/war_explained_pitch.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIP values while calculating WAR&lt;/a&gt;.  Instead, it uses runs allowed by the pitcher and compares that to the league average pitcher (adjusting for quality of opposition), parks pitched in, and quality of defense behind the pitcher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fangraphs&lt;/a&gt; uses &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/war/calculating-war-pitchers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIP values while calculating WAR&lt;/a&gt; and the result is different so &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/warleaders.aspx?season=2017&amp;amp;team=all&amp;amp;type=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Max Scherzer has WAR 5.2&lt;/a&gt; as opposed to 6.86 in ESPN ranking while &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/warleaders.aspx?season=2017&amp;amp;team=24&amp;amp;type=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gio Gonzalez has WAR of 3.0&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, different variable used in calculating WAR will yield different result. And Gio Gonzalez who is ahead in one calculation may not be so in other calculation as data shows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fangraphs.com/library/calculating-pitcher-war-a-complete-example/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;calculating pitcher-war&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wins_Above_Replacement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/blog/big_league_stew/post/Everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-WAR?urn=mlb,211211&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sports.yahoo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/about/war_explained_comparison.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;war comparison&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T03:14:17.690" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T03:14:17.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16946" CreationDate="2017-09-12T18:13:42.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find stats on this rare event but the last inside-the-park grand slam happened in September 2015. The last one before that was in 1999. So it is a pretty rare event. An inside the park grand slam is usually caused by an outfielder making a mistake of some sort that is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; considered an error. As a very unusual note, the outfielder involved in the 2015 homer was none other than Michael Taylor. Yep, the same Michael Taylor who hit one recently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, in 1956 Roberto Clemente actually did even better. He hit an inside the park grand slam walk off homer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T03:27:08.563" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T03:27:08.563" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16947" CreationDate="2017-09-12T19:48:42.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find the best way to determine his ranking would be to compare his position with another player who has ran the course in a similar situation, and see what ranking the player had at the beginning of the Australian Open swing. The player I will be comparing with Andy Murray (later half of 2017) is Roger Federer (second half of 2016). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The similarities between these two players which make them ideal to compare are as follows: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Federer and Murray withdrew from their half of the year in  the same spot in the ATP rankings: Federer- on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevegtennis.com/men-atp-rankings/2016-07-25/1/all/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;July 26th, 2016&lt;/a&gt; was ranked &quot;3&quot; in the world with a point total of 5945, Murray on &lt;a href=&quot;http://live-tennis.eu/en/atp-live-ranking&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;September 6th, 2017&lt;/a&gt; was ranked &quot;3&quot; in the world with a point total of 6790.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both players will have lost similar point totals going into each's AO swing- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roger Federer did not defend point totals in: Cincinnati (1000), U.S Open (1200), Shanghai (10), Basel (500), Paris (90), ATP World Tour Finals (1090) = &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/players/roger-federer/f324/player-activity?year=2015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;-3890 points going into 2017 Australian Open swing&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andy Murray will most likely not defend point totals in: Beijing (500), Shanghai (1000), Vienna (500), Paris (1000), ATP World Tour Finals (1500)= &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/players/andy-murray/mc10/player-activity?year=2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;-4500 points going into 2018 Australian Open swing&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would put each's point total going into the swings at - Roger Federer 2130, and Andy Murray at 2290.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of these two criteria, we can make an informed judgement that if we were to estimate Andy Murray's ranking going into the 2018 Australian Open swing, he will be somewhere between &lt;strong&gt;16-20&lt;/strong&gt; in the Emirates ATP Rankings. The +4 margin in rankings is largely based on the 160 point total difference between Murray and Federer for each's respective year. Roger Federer started the 2017 AO swing &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevegtennis.com/men-atp-rankings/2017-01-02/1/all/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ranked 16&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2017-09-12T20:25:39.143" LastActivityDate="2017-09-12T20:25:39.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16955" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-13T09:06:14.617" Score="0" ViewCount="12202" Body="&lt;p&gt;When my opponent holds the ball with two hands can I smack the ball down without hitting the hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14000" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T13:10:08.483" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T15:10:41.727" Title="Smacking the ball down without hitting the opponent's hand when they hold the ball with two hands" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-09-15T22:33:38.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16957" CreationDate="2017-09-13T10:57:58.207" Score="5" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for winning a Formula 1 race by a driver who has lead the least number of laps in that race?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: if one driver has been in position 1 for the entire race but on the last lap had an engine failure such that the driver in position 2 won the race without actually leading the race for any laps.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened? If not that what is the minimum number?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-27T17:21:01.913" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:35:20.720" Title="What is the record for winning a Formula 1 race by leading least number of laps?" Tags="|trivia|records|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16956" CreationDate="2017-09-13T11:32:33.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been cases where a driver won without leading a single lap (mostly due to post-race disqualifications), and there have been cases where a driver took the lead on the last lap, of which my favourite was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Canadian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 Canadian Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; win by Jenson Button. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;List of drivers who won without leading &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/sans-tour-en-tete.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JGHst.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JGHst.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;WWL&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;List of drivers who won after leading only one lap &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/dernier-tour.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/stvvJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/stvvJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;LL1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T21:35:20.720" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:35:20.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12206" CreationDate="2017-09-13T12:11:06.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ah, unfortunately there IS an explicit rule against mixed gender teams so no, a promoted side couldn't sign any top female players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This absurd rule was tested in 2004 when Celaya, a Mexican Second Division team attempted to sign Maribel Dominguez a star of the Mexican Women's team. But FIFA blocked it Woman barred from men's football&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In England, the FA has recently voted to extend the age at which &amp;quot;mixed gender football&amp;quot; is permitted, from 16 to 18 years FA to raise girls' football age limit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this Netherlands and Switzerland allow mixed gender football until 19, Germany and Italy at 17. Bear in mind this doesn't just apply to professional football, but to any organised matches at all under a league structure. So girls and guys can no doubt have a kick about in the park, but can't play together in any organised league at any level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-08-17T08:02:15.413" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T08:02:15.413" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16960" CreationDate="2017-09-13T13:30:23.030" Score="1" ViewCount="459" Body="&lt;p&gt;UEFA Champions League &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2018/standings/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standings for group B&lt;/a&gt; are shown below:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JPsOd.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JPsOd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;gb&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the same table from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/champions-league-table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;skysports.com&lt;/a&gt; and other websites like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/table/_/league/uefa.champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;espn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/soccer/standings?competition=7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;foxsports&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flashscore.com/soccer/europe/champions-league/standings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;flashscore&lt;/a&gt; put PSG ahead of Bayern Munich as shown in figure below:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j6TDZ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j6TDZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;gb-ss&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is, why is Bayern Munich ahead of PSG in UEFA table with goal difference of 3 against goal difference of 5? Is this a mistake or because of their club coefficient they are ahead or there are some other reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T13:52:17.793" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T13:52:17.793" Title="Why is UEFA champions league table different than usual table?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16959" CreationDate="2017-09-13T13:45:37.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/35/87/89/2358789_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=23&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA group stage tie-breaking rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group&#xA;  matches, the following criteria are applied in the order given to&#xA;  determine their rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a. higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as Bayern Munich and PSG have not yet played, they are just &lt;strong&gt;sorted alphabetically&lt;/strong&gt;. You can see that in other groups as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also as you and @fedorqui already mentioned in the comments there's a footnote stating that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Standings are provisional until all group matches have been played&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T13:45:37.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16955" CreationDate="2017-09-13T15:10:41.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is perfectly legal, so long as you don't hit their arms or hands as well, which would constitute a 'reach in' foul. You aren't allowed to touch an offensive player with the ball except in a few restricted ways - &lt;em&gt;slapping them isn't one of them&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12877/what-are-reaching-fouls-in-the-nba&quot;&gt;question linked&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;strong&gt;Kevin Tinnemans&lt;/strong&gt; in the comments to your question has the official rules regarding permissible contact with the offensive player with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T15:10:41.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16931" CreationDate="2017-09-13T15:54:53.133" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did not see any such statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe just example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roger Federer on US Open 2017&#xA;1st round Tiafoe 3-2&#xA;2nd round Juznyj 3-2&#xA;3rd round Lopez 3-0&#xA;4th round Kohlschreiber 3-0&#xA;QF DelPotro 1-3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you do not take into the account also the rankings of the opponent, it can be always misleading. But even with rankings it can be misleading too (see Federer example, who after two 5 sets matches, won next one really easily)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So would be nice to see statistics you mention, but it would have no value for any further evaluations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13982" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T15:54:53.133" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16925" CreationDate="2017-09-13T17:14:18.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that the fake psychic character is using this as a situation to show his knowledge (or psychic ability) by predicting the play that the offense was about to run.  It looks to me that he says &quot;out round&quot; not to the other players, but to his partner, and then celebrates the result of the play as if his prediction were correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what would &quot;out round&quot; mean here?  As Ram commented, it's similar enough to &quot;out pattern&quot; that it sounds like a route for a receiver to run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless someone knows of a specific meaning for the phrase, my suspicion is that it is simply a throwaway line that didn't mean anything in particular, but sounds like a plausible NFL play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T18:10:19.923" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T18:10:19.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16967" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-13T17:32:01.013" Score="1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the umpire and manager/player keep on argueing after the ejection? Why does the umpire let the manager/player keep on talking to him and remain on the field after being ejected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-13T17:52:50.293" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T22:15:12.827" Title="talking to the umpire after being ejected" Tags="|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16925" CreationDate="2017-09-13T21:07:35.103" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You mean out route? Same thing as down &amp;amp; out or a jet route. It's a pattern that receivers run, starting by running straight down the field toward the EZ. After a certain number of steps, he'll make a hard cut (90 degrees) toward one of the sidelines. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kind of route is good for forcing 1v1 coverage. It's a great way to move down the field and stop the clock because the receiver will be able to hop out of bounds after catching the ball--for this reason, you'll often see the route run under 2 minutes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13902" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T21:07:35.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16967" CreationDate="2017-09-13T22:15:12.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why does the umpire and manager/player keep on argueing after the ejection?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does anyone ever argue with a umpire/referee at all? Certainly no official at the professional level is ever going to change their mind because somebody shouted at them. That leaves two possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They do it because they're human, and sometimes humans do things which aren't rational, particularly when they're frustrated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They think that by shouting at the official, they may cause the official to (subconsciously) favour that team in later decisions, or they may improve their team morale by letting the other players see that someone &quot;is sticking up for them against The Man&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally suspect the first of these points is the reason in the vast majority of cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why does the umpire let the manager/player keep on talking to him and remain on the field after being ejected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you suggest the umpire does in this scenario? Walking away isn't going to have any effect, because the angry person will just follow them. Getting stadium security to physically remove the other person is more likely to cause a riot than improve the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T22:15:12.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13236" CreationDate="2017-09-14T07:18:43.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically professional wrestling as we know it was pioneered by wrestler Ed &quot;Strangler&quot; Lewis and promoters Toots Mondt and Billy Sandow in the 1920s. They were the ones who essentially invented the &quot;job&quot; - Lewis was a legit shoot wrestler who could win the title at will, and Mondt and Sandow realized that having Lewis keep the belt for long periods of time would bore the fans and thus lead to smaller gates. So they had Lewis drop the belt whenever he wanted to generate interest and revenue, and he could legitimately win the title back from an opponent if he decided that would &quot;go into business for himself&quot; and decide to fight Lewis for real. Plus Mondt was also a legitimate wrestler who could rough up wrestlers if they didn't stick to the script.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mondt also deserves the credit for coming up with what he called &quot;Slam Bang Western style wrestling&quot; which moved away from on-the-mat Greco-Roman style of wrestling to the more familiar body slams, clotheslines, suplexes and fisticuffs that we see in professional wrestling. Mondt thought that this would be a better draw than the hour-long mat wrestling matches that Gotch and Hackenschmidt were delivering twenty years before.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3452" LastActivityDate="2017-09-14T07:18:43.307" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16971" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-14T09:23:56.993" Score="2" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm facing a file with the records from a game (all that happened in the game: kicks, center bounces, handballs, etc.) and I don't understand the difference between &quot;loose ball get&quot; and &quot;loose ball get crumb&quot; (same for &quot;hard ball get&quot; and &quot;hard ball get crumb&quot;). I am not sure whether this is usual terminology or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14006" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-09-14T12:14:58.423" LastActivityDate="2017-09-15T15:55:19.227" Title="What is a loose ball get crumb in AFL?" Tags="|terminology|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17000" CreationDate="2017-09-14T13:25:07.533" Score="-1" ViewCount="1613" Body="&lt;p&gt;From this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Own_goal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Own Goal&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on own goal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &lt;strong&gt;own goal&lt;/strong&gt; is when a player scores in their own team's net or scoring area, not the opposing team's, during sports games in which points scored are referred to as &amp;quot;goals&amp;quot; (e.g., association football). An own goal is usually accidental, but is counted as a regular goal. It may result from an attempt at a defensive play that either failed or was unexpectedly intercepted by an opposing player. It is considered to be one of the more embarrassing blunders in all of sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading further shows that own goals in football are treated differently compared to other sports such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ice hockey&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a goal is scored by a player on the defending team, credit for the goal goes to the last player on the other team to have touched the puck;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Basketball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When accidentally scoring at an opposing team's basket (basketball's equivalent of an &amp;quot;own goal&amp;quot;), the goal is credited to an offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;NBA&lt;/strong&gt; rules, the goal is credited to the player on the scoring team who is closest to defensive shooter and is mentioned in a footnote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;strong&gt;FIBA&lt;/strong&gt; rules, the player designated captain is credited with the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what reasons make it not possible in  football to adhere to the same treatment of own goals, other than the fact that &amp;quot;it has always been this way&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, I understand my previous way of questioning was a bit opinionated &lt;em&gt;(or downright silly if you wish)&lt;/em&gt;, so I have edited it to make it more straightforward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13900" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2021-07-07T22:33:17.373" Title="Why aren't the own goals always awarded to the last attacker" Tags="|football|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5258" CreationDate="2017-09-14T13:52:26.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Mailo You must've solve this one but as it hasn't been answered for long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important thing to consider is the bearing you bought is &lt;a href=&quot;http://reviewlongboards.com/best-longboard-bearings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pre-lubricated or not&lt;/a&gt;. As most bearings come pre-lubricated. Pre-lubrication meanings that the bearings will spin faster right out of the box. However, with the low price of skateboard oil, if a bearing does not come pre-lubricated buying that may be good idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But remember &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rollerskatenation.com/bearings-faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cleaning and lubricating are not the same thing&lt;/a&gt;. And if you like you can visit &lt;a href=&quot;https://lushlongboards.com/workshops/how-to-clean-bearings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this website&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skatetheeast.net/2011/07/tutorial-how-to-clean-your-longboard-bearings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this website&lt;/a&gt; for tutorial on how to clean bearings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-14T13:52:26.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16974" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16992" CreationDate="2017-09-14T16:42:13.230" Score="3" ViewCount="5816" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read in &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.espn.go.com/nba/news/1999/1012/110842.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; that Wilt Chamberlain could dunk the ball from the free throw line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did he really do that? Is there any proof of him actually doing so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-15T08:05:52.913" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T10:08:19.963" Title="Could Wilt Chamberlain dunk from the free throw line?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16976" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-14T18:11:39.093" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each have one win. According to tiebreaking procedures, it should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;H2H record (not applicable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Record within division (not applicable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Record in common games (not applicable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Record within conference (equal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of victory (not applicable, none of the opponents have a record yet)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule. They have mostly same schedule, except 2 games where Chiefs are playing AFC division champions and Raiders are playing the second place teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So according to rule 6, Kansas has a stronger schedule. Am I wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14009" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T22:41:15.757" Title="Why are Raiders stand higher than Chiefs after week 1?" Tags="|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16976" CreationDate="2017-09-14T18:38:29.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're misinterpreting &quot;strength of schedule&quot; - that refers to the combined record of every opponent the team has played in the current season; it's nothing to do with how those teams performed last season. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2014/12/21/7345673/nfl-playoff-tiebreaker-rules-procedure-2014-afc-nfc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SB Nation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Strength of victory is calculated by combining the winning percentages of every opponent a team has beaten. Strength of schedule is similar, but combines the winning percentage of every one of a team's regular season opponents, win or lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As both teams have won their only game, their strength of victory and strength of schedule are identical. However, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;next tiebreaker&lt;/a&gt; is now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the Chiefs beat the Patriots 42-27 they have a +15 ranking while the Raiders have a +10 ranking from beating the Titans 26-16, so I think the Chiefs should still be ranked higher than the Raiders. (Also, the Broncos should be ranked even lower, having won only 24-21).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally suspect the algorithms being used for generating the on-line standings just don't go that far down the tiebreaker procedures; I don't believe anything later than strength of victory has ever actually been needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-14T18:38:29.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16971" CreationDate="2017-09-15T15:55:19.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @philip-kendall points out in the comments, the answer is in the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Australian_rules_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary of Australian rules football&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loose ball get: a disputed ball at ground level not under direct physical pressure that results in an opportunity to record a legal disposal. Counted as a contested possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crumb: a ball that spills loose from a contest. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically the difference is where the handball comes from. For example, if it comes from an ineffective kick it would be a loose/hard ball get. If it comes from a contest where none of the players got it, it would be a loose/hard ball get crumb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14006" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-15T15:55:19.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="410" CreationDate="2017-09-17T04:59:30.407" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/changing-the-goalkeeper&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3, part 4 of the IFAB Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; is straightforward and covers the first three points directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of the players may change places with the goalkeeper if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the referee is informed before the change is made&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the change is made during a stoppage in play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/colours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 4, part 3&lt;/a&gt; requires that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[e]ach goalkeeper must wear colours that are distinguishable from the other players and the match officials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the player exchanging positions must remove their previous shirt and replace it with one of a colour that is different from either team and from the officials. This is not just a custom or tradition, but a mandatory aspect of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ex-goalkeeper remains a player on the field, they must also change to a shirt matching that of their team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T06:45:54.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16987" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-17T08:18:10.013" Score="-3" ViewCount="1307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer boots (Nemeziz) and I was wondering if they are actually meant for soccer (on a hard surface like tarmac). They look more like casual boots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oQP0o.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oQP0o.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Nemeziz Tango 17.1 Trainers(TR)&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TNcg8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TNcg8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Another image&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, these boots seem to weigh 300 grams. Do they feel light?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13392" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-17T08:26:00.300" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T09:08:50.350" Title="Can these shoes be used to play football (soccer) on a regular basis (on a hard surface)" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-17T17:14:26.900" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q9XKO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q9XKO.png&quot; alt=&quot;EPL league table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two teams in the Premier League are tied on goal difference, goals against, have scored and conceded the same number of goals, how is the order of their position determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14024" LastEditorUserId="14024" LastEditDate="2017-09-17T17:37:51.233" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T17:37:51.233" Title="How is English Premier League order position determined if teams are tied?" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-09-17T17:42:39.763" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16991" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17417" CreationDate="2017-09-18T00:17:39.860" Score="3" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preface- When I say roll, I'm referring to the flight angles of pitch, yaw and roll.  Disc golfers also refer to this as hyzer angle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose an overstable PDGA style disc is thrown with a right hand backhand (RHBH).  Looking down on the disc from above, the disc spins clockwise.  The roll angle turns left (or hyzer).  Compare this to a right hand overhead &quot;thumber&quot; throw.  This throw is also spinning clockwise.  However, the thumber throw rolls right (or anhyzer).  Even more so, the thumber thrown flight often completes an entire 360 degree &quot;barrel roll&quot; before landing.  What flight mechanics are in play that cause the thumber to roll the opposite direction from a backhand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14025" LastEditorUserId="14025" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T13:44:34.623" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T15:54:18.387" Title="Why does a right hand overhead thumber roll right instead of left?" Tags="|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16974" CreationDate="2017-09-18T04:15:25.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching many Wilt Chamberlain dunk compilations and reading many articles on The Big Dipper, I can say with a large degree of certainty that &lt;strong&gt;Wilt Chamberlain was able to dunk the ball from the free throw line.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second question, if by &quot;proof&quot; the OP means &quot;video evidence&quot; then I'm afraid it simply cannot be found if it even exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, in terms of proof, a strong case can be built that Wilt Chamberlain was able to dunk from the foul line via &lt;strong&gt;Witness Testimony&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Wilt's Self Proclamation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On November 28th, 1956 the &quot;Toledo Blade&quot; (a Northwestern Ohio newspaper) published this article which details the &quot;Big Seven&quot; conference's 2 rule changes based on then sophomore Wilt chamberlain: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JR3ow.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JR3ow.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article is based on a source-less example which narrates Chamberlain's &quot;unorthodox&quot; free throws: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The big guy takes aim at the basket from several feet behind the&#xA;  line. Then he takes about three giant steps, leaves his feet before&#xA;  reaching the line, and stuffs the ball through the hoop.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tex Winter (a rival coach at Kansas state) seems to affirm Wilt's ability to dunk from the foul line by stating: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Why, he would have a free throw percentage of 100.&quot; said Winter. &quot;He&#xA;  never missed.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On top of this statement, Winter also lays out the sequences of Chamberlain dunking from the foul line as an eyewitness at approximately 3:50 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyz-FhP2ONk&amp;amp;t=3m16s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wilt himself even confirmed stories of himself dunking from the foul line when on &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1989-02-12/sports/sp-2996_1_basketball-player/5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;February 12,1989 in a Los Angeles Times piece&lt;/a&gt;, Wilt is quoted saying: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot; When I was a freshman, I fooled around with shooting free throws&#xA;  this way: For some reason, I thought you had to stay within the top&#xA;  half of that free-throw circle, so I would step back to just inside&#xA;  the top of the circle, take off from behind the line and dunk. They&#xA;  outlawed that, but I wouldn't have done it in a game, anyway. I was a&#xA;  good free throw shooter in college.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;based on these witness testimonies and confirmation of them by Wilt himself&lt;/strong&gt;, we would be with good reason to believe that Wilt Chamberlain was able to dunk from the foul line and did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T04:15:25.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16993" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-18T04:16:10.073" Score="7" ViewCount="5420" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of many prime time NFL games, the starting players say their names and the college they attended. Why are the college names announced?&#xA;Many of these players have been in the league for many reasons, and may have even played in multiple NFL teams since they left NCAA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the reason behind mentioning the college names? Do the colleges sponsor the NFL or the broadcasting stations for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-11-11T02:45:25.923" Title="Why are NFL players introduced with their college team?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16996" CreationDate="2017-09-18T05:52:28.530" Score="2" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard these terms being used during commentary, but then quite unclear of what those actually represent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I assumed on &lt;em&gt;slider&lt;/em&gt; is that, the bowler bowls with some side-spin on top of off-spin or leg-spin. Off the seam bowling still sounds like a mystery to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would be appreciated if anyone could elaborate on these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="11599" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T17:03:53.423" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T17:03:53.423" Title="What's a &quot;slider&quot; and an &quot;off the seam&quot; bowling?" Tags="|cricket|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16994" CreationDate="2017-09-18T09:21:52.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;What is a Slider?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slider or back spinner is the reverse of the top-spinner. Instead of bouncing and kicking as the top-spinner does, the back spinner delivery will skid onto the batsman. (Sources:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pitchvision.com/how-to-bowl-a-slider#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slider_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/video/windows-10-analyser-shane-warne-yasir-shah-secret-of-the-slider-australia-pakistan-highlights-mcg/2016-12-30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cricket.com.au&lt;/a&gt; will help in understanding slider. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MS4aOleipc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;What is off the seam bowling?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seam is the raised stitching around the circumference of the ball. While &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seam_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seam bowling&lt;/a&gt; is, using the seam of the ball to cause the ball to bounce in an unpredictable fashion when it hits the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Off the seam&lt;/em&gt; term is used by commentators to describe the ball that bounce unevenly or deviates from the length of the bowling (movement of the ball), after seam of the ball strikes the pitch.&lt;sup&gt;Need citation&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seam_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_bowling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/rules/the_basics/newsid_3795000/3795201.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T09:21:52.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2017-09-18T09:33:16.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;there is no need for them to mention the college that they went to. Some players mention the high school that they went to and some have even mentioned their middle school or elementary school. The school as part of the introduction is just done to give the players a chance to give a shout out to their schools and is a way of giving back to the schools that they went to and helped them have a career. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T09:33:16.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15729" CreationDate="2017-09-18T17:54:57.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since I don't have referee's match report this is not a complete answer. Clearly Ramos shot was on target but was given as Merten's own goal, the most likely case was that referee interpreted that as an own goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This old &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/news/y=1997/m=4/news=fifa-magazine-when-own-goal-not-own-goal-70226.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That although it is not among his official duties, it is the referee who should decide whether a goal is an own goal or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And on other &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/news/y=1997/m=4/news=when-own-goals-don-really-count-71928.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; FIFA Referees Committee chairman David Will states: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the referee should decide. Maybe he would need to check with the teams to ascertain exactly who got the decisive touch in some unclear situations, but the name that goes down on the referee's report is the one that should enter the record books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But more importantly on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dawn.com/news/295825&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; former UEFA president &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Platini&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michel Platini&lt;/a&gt; states: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Referees would be told to award a goal to the player&lt;/strong&gt; who intended to score, provided the ball was already heading towards the net when the deflection occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasize part explains that it is the referee who will award the goal. But on that specific case referee may have interpreted Ramos shot was not headed towards the net and gave an own goal to Mertens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T17:54:57.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16972" CreationDate="2017-09-18T18:12:52.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There maybe many reasons, but one of the reason why this can't be given to the last attacker can be understand from this paragraph of this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/news/y=1997/m=4/news=when-own-goals-don-really-count-71928.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fifa.com&lt;/a&gt; article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the current era, greater prizes are offered for top goalscorers, in tournaments and league championships, and the ranking can sometimes depend upon one goal attributed to an attacker or as an own goal. Objective definitions should certainly not depend upon the interests of individual awards or commercial promotions - but this, too, is part of the reality of the game today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another paragraph from the same article that may be important to this question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Statisticians have long since recorded the names and feats of goalscorers, and these records go back decades, well before the advent of modern technology. Understandably, the game's historians want to maintain accurate records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T18:12:52.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16987" CreationDate="2017-09-18T19:48:22.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having played football/soccer my whole life on everything from turf, grass concrete, indoor futsal courts, etc, I would say that, &lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, you could get away playing with these on a hard surface (like tarmac) or even on turf. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the heel seems a bit high for what other turf/indoor shoes I have seen. This does not bode well if one has weak ankles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With all this in mind, I have never worn these shoes so it would probably best to test them out yourself in relation to see if their weight truly feels &quot;light&quot;. Keep in mind that being lightweight does not make them objectively better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14032" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T19:48:22.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2017-09-18T20:03:35.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To understand this phenomenon, you need to know something about the culture of sports in the US.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First: &lt;strong&gt;there is no promotion/relegation system for professional sports&lt;/strong&gt;. This means that in any particular sport, most of the US has no local professional team at the highest level. And if you are not living near a major metropolis, you are not likely to ever get one. There are 32 NFL teams with no expansion on the horizon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, there are 128 teams at the top level of NCAA football (Football Bowl Subdivision). Over 97% of the population&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; lives in a state with at least one school which plays at the FBS level. This gives nearly everyone in the US some kind of local team to root for. (And unlike NFL games, it's actually affordable to go to a college game.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second: &lt;strong&gt;NFL teams are not a constant. College teams are.&lt;/strong&gt; NFL franchises, unlike European football clubs, are not tied to a city. Just in the last two years, three different franchises either moved (St. Louis Rams to Los Angeles, San Diego Chargers to Los Angeles) or announced plans to move (Oakland Raiders to Las Vegas). Or look at Baltimore: the old &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Baltimore_Colts&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baltimore Colts&lt;/a&gt; won three NFL championships and a Super Bowl, then moved to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indianapolis&lt;/a&gt; and won another Super Bowl. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Browns&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland Browns&lt;/a&gt; moved to Baltimore, changed their name to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ravens&lt;/a&gt;, and won a couple of Super Bowls; meanwhile, a new Cleveland Browns team was formed to replace them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colleges don't do that. If you live in Alabama and your grandpa's grandpa lived in Alabama, you're still rooting for the same school that he did. Or maybe you did switch from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alabama&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Auburn&lt;/a&gt; (or vice versa), and that could cause tension at family gatherings for years because the rest of your family is still loyal. This happens all over the country, but most particularly in the South (source: anecdotal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also important to note that perhaps none of you actually went to the school that you cheer for. You may have gone to another major school, a small school, or no college at all. College attendance is not a prerequisite to college fandom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third: &lt;strong&gt;College sports predated professional sports by decades&lt;/strong&gt;. I touched on this in the last point. College sports are more established, though the NFL has better television deals now. People grew up watching their team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of that is to tell you this: in large swaths of the United States, &lt;strong&gt;people &lt;em&gt;watch&lt;/em&gt; the NFL -- but they &lt;em&gt;care&lt;/em&gt; about college football.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally know people who root for a particular NFL team that's halfway across the country and isn't particularly good, just because they have players that went to the local university. The players know this, the networks know this, and they give the people what they want.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Footnotes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_programs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eight states do not have an FBS team&lt;/a&gt;: New Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island, Montana, Delaware, the Dakotas, Alaska, and Vermont. The combined population of those states is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;less than 9 million out of the 322 million living in the fifty states&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; I'm not even touching here on the secondary issue of &quot;my school is better than yours because we put more players in the pros&quot;. This answer is plenty long enough already. That's also why I didn't mention Division 2 football or try to address cultural differences in the South vs. Northeast vs. West, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T20:03:35.970" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17004" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17042" CreationDate="2017-09-19T00:02:27.077" Score="6" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was younger I remember watching some football matches in Brazil. Now, I don't remember if it was the Brazilian league of if it was state leagues inside Brazil. But I am almost 100% sure that they were matches of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Campeonato Paulista&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of each match they would dispute a penalty shoot-out to decide who would win an extra point in case the game was tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here was the logic that was explained to me at the time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In football, when a team wins it gets 3 points and the other team gets 0 points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a match is tied, each team receives 1 point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So technically a match is worth 3 points for a win-lose game, but it is worth only 2 points for a tie-tie game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To solve this &quot;problem&quot; (in quotation because it turns out it is not a big problem after all) the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF in Portuguese) decided to test this formula where teams would dispute shoot-outs at the start of every game to see who would win one extra point in the case of a tied match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know which year that formula was adopted? And, if possible, why it was not implemented in the following years? Was it a FIFA recommendation to implement it in the first place? Was it ever tested somewhere else? I asked some of my friends from Brazil but they think I am dreaming...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9288" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-09-19T06:41:20.880" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T02:31:21.540" Title="In which year of the Campeonato Paulista the teams would dispute penalty shot-out before the game in order to win a point in the case of draw?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17009" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17011" CreationDate="2017-09-19T23:24:44.813" Score="7" ViewCount="1642" Body="&lt;p&gt;There exist &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; board games (e.g. Chess, Scrabble, Battleship) and &lt;strong&gt;cooperative&lt;/strong&gt; board games (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/30549/pandemic&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pandemic&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/98778/hanabi&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hanabi&lt;/a&gt;). It appears to me as all popular sports are competitive in nature (competition among individuals or among teams).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there sports that are uniquely cooperative?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there very popular cooperative sports today?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Were cooperative sports more popular at some point in our history?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11909" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-09-20T07:54:06.423" LastActivityDate="2019-12-05T17:56:24.820" Title="Cooperative sports throughout history" Tags="|history|olympics|international-sports|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10314" CreationDate="2017-09-20T05:46:55.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although this may put the definition of &quot;professional&quot; in question, there exists a North American club team that's existence does date before the Cincinnati Red Stockings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some lesser known history, there exists a sport in North America that has been around for many centuries. That sport is lacrosse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Believed to have originally been played by the Native American Iroquois people, historians have traced the general sport of lacrosse back to the 1100's.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; The game was predominately played by those Native American people in what would become the North-Eastern United States, and lower parts of Ontario and Quebec. Explorers and missionaries have recorded details about the game as early as 1637.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As time wore on, the people of Canada grew fond of the game and began to play it themselves. According to the &quot;Canadian Encyclopedia&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;In the 1830s, visiting anglophones from Montréal noticed the games and&#xA;  learned to play from their Mohawk neighbours, adopting the French term&#xA;  lacrosse for their new pastime&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They enjoyed it so much that a few decades later in 1856, enthusiasts banded together and formed Canada's first ever lacrosse club the &quot;Montreal Lacrosse Club.&quot; &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, it was around this time that the Prince of Wales traveled to Canada and grasped the merit of holding sporting exchanges between Britain and Canada. As a result, tours began developing in Britain pitting the Native American Khanawake players from Montreal against white gentleman amateurs from Scotland, Ireland, and England.&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; It was then, in 1867, that one of the first ever &quot;professional&quot; sports teams/ clubs was formed. The Montreal Lacrosse club, then led by team captain W.B Johnson, began organizing matches in the British nations primarily as a profit making enterprise. The team was comprised of 16 Khanawake players who were each paid $25 dollars for their play (roughly $1600 dollars today).&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given OP's qualification of &quot;professional&quot; as &quot; (a team) that paid its players as professionals.&quot; These Khanawake players would've fit the category. As for the club still being in existence it is complicated. The club itself is not in operation like the Boston Red Socks are, but it exists in an almost ceremonial way. &lt;a href=&quot;https://gonelaxing.com/150th-celebration/montreal-lacrosse-club-road-150/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; article outlines the 150 year anniversary of the Montreal Lacrosse Club's existence. The anniversary was celebrated by an exhibition game between the sports two oldest clubs, one of which being Montreal Lacrosse Club. So yes the club is still in existence, but does not operate as team which is comprised of players who are paid a salary by it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liss, Howard (1970). Lacrosse. Funk &amp;amp; Wagnalls. p. 13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;John De Brbeuf.” Patron Saints Index: John De Brbeuf, &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Montreal Lacrosse Club.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 May, 2017&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;King, C. Richard. “Lacrosse Exhibition Tours.” Native Americans in Sports, Taylor and Francis, 2015, p. 178. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;King, C. Richard. “Lacrosse Exhibition Tours.” Native Americans in Sports, Taylor and Francis, 2015, p. 178.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2017-09-20T07:33:14.980" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T07:33:14.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17009" CreationDate="2017-09-20T21:26:56.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certainly depends on your definition of sports, but...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there sports that are uniquely cooperative?&lt;/strong&gt;  YES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of several examples where a team accomplished a goal of sport that was not exclusively against an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hillary#1953_Everest_expedition&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edmund Hillary&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tenzing Norgay&lt;/a&gt; were the first confirmed climbers of Mt. Everest in 1953&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qzz4i.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qzz4i.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any time a team climbs a mountain, circumnavigates the globe or rows across a body of water - this is a cooperative sport.  If you remove the constraint of first or fastest, it becomes non-competitive. (Conversely you could make a game like pandemic competitive by having teams see who can complete it fastest)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a silly example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-trampoline-bounce-(team)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Highest trampoline bounce (team)&lt;/a&gt; - You could argue they are competing against the previous record holders, but I'd argue they are competing against gravity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there very popular cooperative sports today?&lt;/strong&gt; YES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ones mentioned earlier, but any action sport where teams work together to accomplish a goal - Think endurance sports, group activities that conquer nature, or other team building exercises like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=It0r5pVVxhk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ropes Courses&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Were cooperative sports more popular at some point in our history?&lt;/strong&gt; HARD TO SAY DEFINITIVELY &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because this is not an established category of sport, it's hard to say that one time period showed more popularity - we can probably say that these types of activities where there is no competition require both time and money - as such these activities were probably limited to the ultra-rich in the past or those that funded such feats.  Today people have considerably more leisure time.  According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/january-2007/working-hard-or-hardly-working-the-evolution-of-leisure-in-the-united-states&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;Americans appear to be working less. Numerous economic studies suggest that the number of hours that the average American works in a year has fallen by about 550 hours from 1900 to 2005.&quot; This suggests that modern people have more time to partake in such activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastEditorUserId="13922" LastEditDate="2017-09-21T22:20:07.123" LastActivityDate="2017-09-21T22:20:07.123" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16900" CreationDate="2017-09-20T22:58:38.470" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer seems to be yes from my research. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lastmanstands.com/rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lastmanstands.com/rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13958" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T22:58:38.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16891" CreationDate="2017-09-21T10:16:43.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Statistics are not always based on the rules of the game, so any answer you get really depends on the interpretation of the individual keeping the statistic or the system used to measure the statistic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PGA Tour counts hitting the green from your tee-shot as a Fairway hit. Reference the bottom of the table on the below link you will see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The percentage of time a shot comes to rest on the fairway or the green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.213.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hit Fairway Statistics PGA Tour 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chartmygolf.com/General/HelpDir/GolfingTerms.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chart Golf Stats&lt;/a&gt; website claims it counts as a 'no-score':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: on par 3 holes, where you are meant to hit the green with your tee shot, you do not record fairways hit, instead recording no-score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.myscorecard.com/cgi-bin/knowledgecenter.pl?mode=article&amp;amp;category=golfer&amp;amp;file=greensfairways&amp;amp;article=Statistics:-Greens-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;My Scorecard&lt;/a&gt; also states that hitting the green from the tee does not count as a fairway hit...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This statistic refers to the number of times during the round your drive landed in the fairway (the fairway, not the light rough). It is similar to the greens in regulation, except that the maximum number per round is less than 18. This is due to the fact that you are supposed to drive the green on a par 3, and as a result we don't count those holes for the fairways statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;My interpretation of the statistic sites is that, on a Par 4, hitting the green WILL count, while on a Par 3 it won't count. However, the statistic is not relevant on a Par 3 as you are not intended to hit the fairway at all, therefore hitting the fairway on a Par 3 is actually a bad thing and should be considered a negative statistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, hitting the green on a Par 4 should count as a fairway hit and a green in regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My advice is to follow the local rules. If your golf club has a statistic system they follow then ask them, if they don't then choose a system and follow their rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-02T17:46:00.860" LastActivityDate="2018-12-02T17:46:00.860" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-21T13:46:54.073" Score="3" ViewCount="2035" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I know that according to MLB rules, the umpire in chief can forfeit the game if an ejected player refuses to leave the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a soccer/association football referee forfeit a match the same way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say a player gets red carded, and decides to stand and keep arguing. Can referee forfeit the game if he doesn't leave or does he just keep slapping the player with more red cards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14042" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-10-04T05:36:48.783" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T05:36:48.783" Title="Is a match forfeited if a player refuses to leave after being sent off?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2017-09-21T16:49:45.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the current &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/development/education-and-technical/referees/laws-of-the-game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the game&lt;/a&gt; a referee has the authority to stop, stop, suspend or abandon the match for any offence or because of acts of outside interference. Unlike the MLB Baseball Rules Book, this doesn't directly decide the winner of the match in of itself, with the relevant section stating that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Abandoned Match&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In many competitions it's likely that an event like failure to control their players to the extent that a match had to be abandoned would lead to it being declared a victory for the the opposing side, with a 3-0 scoreline often being declared as the result. This will be part of the individual competition rules however. rather than the general rules of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14041" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-09-22T16:36:35.643" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T16:36:35.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2017-09-21T20:33:40.750" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the IFAB Laws of the Game - Law 3: The players - Extra Persons on the Field of Play&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The coach and other officials named on the team list (with the&#xA;  exception of players or substitutes) are team officials. Anyone not&#xA;  named on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is an&#xA;  outside agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a team official, substitute, substituted or &lt;strong&gt;sent off player&lt;/strong&gt; or&#xA;  outside agent enters the field of play the referee must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;only stop play if there is interference with play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;have the person removed when play stops&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;take appropriate disciplinary action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, sent-off players will argue with referees after being sent off but eventually they will leave the field. What we see more frequently is some spectators (outside agents) running onto the field and being removed by security guards. Even if the guards don't explicitly ask permission from referee for removing the outside agents, they act according to the aforementioned law of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same would apply to the sent-off player, who will be removed by security guards in case if he doesn't want to leave the field, because the previously mentioned law applies not only to outside agents but also to sent-off players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can a referee forfeit the game if the player doesn't leave?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, he'll just have the person removed with the help of security guards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the referee just keep slapping the player with more red cards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, there's no point of showing multiple red cards, because the referee can just add the player's behavior to his protocol, so that the competition body could take appropriate measures later. This question has been already discussed &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16747/can-a-player-receive-a-direct-red-card-after-receiving-the-second-yellow-card/16750#16750&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-09-21T20:33:40.750" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17030" CreationDate="2017-09-22T02:29:12.173" Score="3" ViewCount="1134" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to determine whether or not a spike counts as an incomplete pass. From what I can tell, it's not really counted as an incomplete pass, at least in the NFL. Although in the NCAA, it's counted as under &quot;team passing&quot;, but not attributed to the QB. I'd also be interested in how it's scored in other leagues, like the CFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T03:34:44.570" Title="Does a spike count as an incompletion" Tags="|statistics|nfl|collegiate|cfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2017-09-22T06:02:19.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This situation is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 3 - Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match for any offences or because of outside interference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a sent-off player refuses the leave the field of play and the match is unable to continue as a result, the match is abandoned, and this is reported to the competition administrator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee has no power to declare a forfeit - they simply report the facts of the match, and the competition administrator makes a determination on the outcome in accordance with the competition rules as stipulated in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 - The Duration of the Match, Section 5 - Abandoned Match&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on personal experience, if a sent-off player causes a match to be abandoned, the competition administrator would take a very dim view of this. It is likely that the sent-off player's team would forfeit the game, and possibly be fined and lose competition points. The sent-off player would most likely face a lengthy suspension (in addition to that imposed for the sending-off offence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T06:02:19.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14510" CreationDate="2017-09-22T12:02:56.303" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there's 2 points in here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An extra point, or Try, is really independent of how the Touchdown was scored - it is a &quot;free&quot; un-timed down that is independent of a series.  If the defense (Team B) commits a penalty, in most cases the offense (Team A) can accept the penalty and retry the down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the example you gave, because a turnover was committed on the un-timed down, THEN the penalty occurred, I legit believe Team A get's away with one, because there's no enforcement since the play is independent of a series of downs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14047" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T12:02:56.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2017-09-22T12:13:08.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To piggy-back on Michael's comment, people like their NFL team, but they LOVE the college teams. There's much more emotion involved in college sports in the U.S. and people will like or dislike a player specifically because of the college they went to. Outside of the college, the conference pride (SEC, Big 10) is big as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saying the college is a way to show their pride in their school or conference. Yes some have said High School, I've never heard anyone say anything less, but that probably has to do with the High Schools that are football factories. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14047" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T12:13:08.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17023" CreationDate="2017-09-22T13:56:43.917" Score="4" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;For each spin in table tennis, there seems to be a spin to counter the opponents spin.&#xA;At the moment I have been countering the opponents spin with the same spin. &#xA;Backspin for backspin, top spin for top spin, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What spin or no-spin is necessary for each type of spin? Or can every different spin be used to counter the opponents? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-22T14:25:22.133" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T20:45:39.143" Title="Understanding the concept of spin" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17022" CreationDate="2017-09-22T20:45:39.143" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.masatenisi.org/english/spin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This site&lt;/a&gt; has an excellent breakdown of everything you need to know about spin, including the various (27!) types of spin, the effects of the major types, how to read spin, how to handle it, and which types of spin are typically used for service or rallying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not going to list all of that here, but the author stresses that the &lt;strong&gt;angle of your racket and stroke direction are key&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Handling spin is mostly an exercise in racket angles and stroke direction. For every spin, there is a racket angle that will compensate for it. There is also a stroke direction that will compensate for it. Choosing which to use is the question. In general, use an upward stroke and open racket to compensate for backspin, while using mostly racket angle to compensate for other spins. (Open racket means aim racket upward; closed racket means aim racket downward.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against a sidespin, the more aggressive you are, the less the spin will “take” on your racket, and so the less it will affect you. The softer your contact, the more the ball will jump – so tentative players often have more trouble with spin than aggressive players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When learning to read spin on a serve, it’s a good idea to &lt;em&gt;wait on the ball, and take it as late as possible to give yourself more time to react&lt;/em&gt;. As you improve, you should start taking the ball quicker. However, even advanced players often take the ball later against a player with tricky serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author lists ways to deal with more specific spins within their article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T20:45:39.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12493" CreationDate="2017-09-23T12:57:00.003" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team attempted anything except a run or pass from the 2 yard after a successful touchdown during regulation, such as a placekick, dropkick or punt, then that 2 point conversion attempt would be deemed to have been unsuccessful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14054" LastActivityDate="2017-09-23T12:57:00.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-23T15:22:19.960" Score="7" ViewCount="63359" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I designate the pocket I'm putting the 8-ball and I am successful and then follow it in with the cue ball - do I still win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14055" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-09-23T17:08:04.147" LastActivityDate="2023-12-01T00:34:05.727" Title="Sinking cue ball after the 8 ball in pool" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16444" CreationDate="2017-09-23T17:38:53.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it seems that your wish will come true in near future. ATP will try a new system with no line referees on NEXTGEN Finals in November. They will have automatic hawkeye to signal any out during the game instantly. Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://tennisproguru.com/nextgen-atp-finals-2017-racquets-watch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tennisproguru.com&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blick.ch/sport/tennis/neue-revolution-im-anmarsch-gibts-im-tennis-bald-gar-keine-linienrichter-mehr-id7337012.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; if you understand Swiss German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13982" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T18:51:13.087" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T18:51:13.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-23T20:04:47.890" Score="2" ViewCount="281" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the moment the new Laver Cup take place in Prague.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know, why the doubles are played without No-Ad rules? The champions tiebreak is played in every match including the singles, so why don't the play the standard ATP rules in the doubles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14057" LastEditorUserId="12183" LastEditDate="2017-09-24T13:31:40.917" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T17:51:39.587" Title="Laver Cup: Why are the doubles played without No-Ad rules" Tags="|rules|tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17025" CreationDate="2017-09-23T20:49:26.227" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, a player will win if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing player commits any foul, including scratching the cue ball into a pocket, or knocking it off the table, in the course of a shot that pockets the 8 ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, you would lose because you scratch the cue ball into the pocket while pocketing the 8 ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball#Winning&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14058" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-23T20:49:26.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17027" CreationDate="2017-09-24T00:30:51.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Laver Cup is an exhibition tournament that is not regulated by the ATP or ITF, and therefore the organizers can decided what rules to play with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017, for the first version of this tournament, the match format according to the tournament &lt;a href=&quot;https://lavercup.com/how-it-works&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;webpage&lt;/a&gt; is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Both singles and doubles will be best of three sets with ad scoring. In the event of split sets, the third set will be a 10-point match tiebreaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why the organizers decided to use this specific format is up for discussion. There isn't a consensus about no-ad scoring in the circuit, as seen on this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/07/sports/tennis/no-ad-scoring-players-go-back-and-forth.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, so maybe this was a way to show you can keep ad scoring while still making matches shorter and more predictable in length. This last part is something that does have more backing from players and organizers since it could help prevent injuries, while TV has been pushing for this for commercial/scheduling purposes. It also brings ad scoring to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of trials for shorter match formats can be seen in the 2017 Hopman Cup (doubles played in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast4_Tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fast4&lt;/a&gt; format) and the 2017 Next-Gen Finals will be first to 4 games with tie break at 3 all with no-ad games (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/rule-changes-innovation-for-next-gen-atp-finals-2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP website&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastEditorUserId="12183" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T17:51:39.587" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T17:51:39.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17017" CreationDate="2017-09-24T03:34:44.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A spike is indeed typically assigned to the &amp;quot;team&amp;quot;.  For example, you can review the play by play of the 9/23/17 game between Kentucky and Florida, and you'll see at 0:21 left in the 4th quarter this play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st and 10 at FLA 35&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(0:21 - 4th) TEAM pass incomplete&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In NFL statistics, they simply reflect the play as &amp;quot;... spiked the ball&amp;quot;, and do not record it as an incomplete pass; see the pass by Dak Prescott &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201609110dal.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9/11/16 versus the Giants&lt;/a&gt; at :18 left in the fourth quarter.  The pass is not included in the complete/incomplete ratio.  It's unfortunately neither covered in the rulebook nor the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/Documentation/StadiumGuides/Guide_for_Statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;guidelines for statisticians&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T03:34:44.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17004" CreationDate="2017-09-24T04:19:14.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was in 1988 when the CBF instituted the &lt;em&gt;Lei dos Pênaltis&lt;/em&gt; (law of penalties). Apparently it was for the &lt;em&gt;Brasileirão&lt;/em&gt; (national championship) according to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/noticia/2011/09/historias-do-brasileirao-cbf-estipula-lei-dos-penaltis-no-nacional-de-1988.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; that cites Vitória, América, Botafogo and Fluminense, which are from different states, as teams who had to go through the penalty shootout to define the winner of the extra point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T04:19:14.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16643" CreationDate="2017-09-24T04:49:53.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither of your options are correct. From the ITF &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/rules-of-tennis.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20171003120834/http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/rules-of-tennis.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;), section 10. CHANGE OF ENDS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players shall change ends at the end of the first, third and every subsequent odd game of each set. The players shall also change ends at the end of each set unless the total number of games in that set is even, in which case the players change ends at the end of the first game of the next set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, section 14. ORDER OF SERVICE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of each standard game, the receiver shall become the server and the server shall become the receiver for the next game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your example, the correct answer is: In the next set Player B will serve the first game from side 2, and they will change ends before the second game of the set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12183" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-08-25T05:10:56.053" LastActivityDate="2021-08-25T05:10:56.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17034" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-25T00:29:32.687" Score="3" ViewCount="5189" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe there are penalties that once accepted automatically yield a first down. And there are others that don't always result in a first down, put depending on the location of the foul (regarding to the line of scrimmage) will yield a first down. So when does a penalty results in a first down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T13:46:28.857" Title="When does a penalty result in an automatic first down in NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17036" CreationDate="2017-09-25T06:52:21.987" Score="3" ViewCount="3161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that the fourth official is there to come on if the main referee gets injured, but what happens if even the substitute is injured . Is the match forfeited ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, has there been any similar scenario in a real match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13900" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T07:43:59.020" Title="What happens if a referee gets injured and there is no replacement available?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17035" CreationDate="2017-09-25T07:43:59.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, your first sentence is not necessarily true. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-other-match-officials/chapters/the-other-match-officials-introduction&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 6&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Competition rules must state clearly who replaces a match official who is unable to start or continue and any associated changes. In particular, it must be clear whether, if the referee is unable to start or continue, the fourth official or the senior assistant referee or senior additional assistant referee takes over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. it's not necessarily the fourth official who replaces the referee if they become injured. That paragraph pretty much indicates the answer to your question as well: it's covered by the competition rules. You follow whatever procedures are listed in the competition rules, and after that it becomes a &quot;do the best you can, report what happened to the organising body for the competition and let them sort it out&quot; - as happens with any other situation which isn't covered by the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T07:43:59.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17034" CreationDate="2017-09-25T07:50:16.893" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Slightly unhelpfully, when the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; says that it does. For example, illegal contact by the defense (Rule 8, Section 4, Article 1) results in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For illegal contact by the defense: Loss of five yards &lt;strong&gt;and automatic first down&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis) However, some other fouls do not result in an automatic first down. For example, an illegal punt formation by the defense (Rule 9, Section 1, Article 3, Item 2) results in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For illegal formation by the defense: Loss of five yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but with no automatic first down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T07:50:16.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17040" CreationDate="2017-09-25T12:34:05.483" Score="3" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although a double-double is not a rare achievement in the &lt;strong&gt;NBA&lt;/strong&gt;, it would be nice to know how rare it is that someone had a double-double and scored at least &lt;strong&gt;40&lt;/strong&gt; points. I would like to know how often this is achieved (there must be some averaging statistics). And what is the record of double-double that includes points? That is, which players in the NBA had the biggest number of points on a game and on that game they had at least double-double. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14062" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditorDisplayName="user14062" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T04:32:54.450" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T04:32:54.450" Title="Double-double and triple-double with at least 40 points" Tags="|basketball|nba|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17034" CreationDate="2017-09-25T13:46:28.857" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume you're asking about penalties committed by the defending team. In general terms, a penalty results in a first down when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The penalty always results in an automatic first down.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The penalty yardage is sufficient for the offense to reach the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/line-to-gain.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;line to gain&lt;/a&gt;. For example, a five yard penalty committed by a defending team when the offense requires five yards or less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what the &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#rule-14.-penalty-enforcement&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL 2017 rules&lt;/a&gt; say for penalties committed by the defense (&quot;Team B&quot;) (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Item 5. Foul by Team B. After a penalty for a foul by Team B prior to (between downs) or during a play from scrimmage, &lt;strong&gt;the ensuing down is first-and-10 for Team A&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exceptions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Offside&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Encroachment&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Neutral zone infraction&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Delay of game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Illegal substitution&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Excess time out&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Running into the kicker&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      More than 11 players on the field at the snap&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      More than 11 players in the formation prior to the snap&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Illegal formation by the defense during a scrimmage kick play  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For the above exceptions, the number of the down and the line to gain remain the same &lt;strong&gt;unless a distance penalty places the ball on or in advance of the line to gain, in which case it is first-and-10 for Team A&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12486" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T13:46:28.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17038" CreationDate="2017-09-25T13:56:03.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2016-17 NBA season, there were 50 such double-doubles and 16(!) triple-doubles where 40 points were scored (thanks to Harden and Westbrook, and one time from Lebron).  To recognize how rare it is though, there were only 8 of these triple-doubles for the whole period between 2000 and the start of last season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be more helpful to show you how I got these numbers though--I'd suggest getting familiar with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt; site (check out the full site menu).  Besides finding specific player stats, you can find different kinds of streaks, team stats, season stats, and all kinds of interesting things with the search criteria.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this particular question, it was rather simple: use the Player Game Finder page, select the season(s) you're interested in or any other criteria to narrow the search, and then under &quot;Additional Criteria&quot;, choose PTS &gt;= 40, and check either the &quot;Double-Double&quot; or &quot;Triple-Double&quot; box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T13:56:03.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17041" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17049" CreationDate="2017-09-25T20:07:26.213" Score="3" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is generally accepted that Jose Bautista played his last home game for the Toronto Blue Jays this past weekend (2017-09-24) since the Jays are not expected to pick up their end of the mutual option on his contract (too expensive given on-field results this year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that happens, does he just become a &quot;normal&quot; free agent in the sense that he can shop around and accept an offer from any team -- including Toronto if they make an offer that is acceptable to him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, does anything in the CBA or other MLB rules prevent the Jays from signing him for terms other than those outlined in the mutual option?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14064" LastEditorUserId="14064" LastEditDate="2017-09-27T14:33:45.477" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T14:33:45.477" Title="Can Bautista re-sign with the Blue Jays outside the terms of mutual option?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|cba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17004" CreationDate="2017-09-26T02:31:21.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I finally found it! It was in &lt;a href=&quot;https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista_de_Futebol_de_2001&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Campeonato Paulista 2001&lt;/a&gt; (Site in Portuguese).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some stuff that was a little bit blurry on my head:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I had the feeling that they would perform the shootout before the game. &#xA;Penalty shoot-out was actually after the game, only if the game was tied which makes much more sense. Otherwise the result of the shootout would interfere on the strategy of the teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It was only 3 penalty shots for each team and then in case of a tie they would alternate penalty shoots until one team scored and the other one missed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And finally if the match ended 0-0, the winner of the shootouts would receive only 1 point. My only guess is that they included this rule as an attempt to make teams move forward and try to score, to avoid having teams &quot;sharing&quot; points, or having agreements that would benefit both teams in the case of a tie.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Paulista_de_Futebol&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FPF&lt;/a&gt; tried in 2001 was to have 2 referees on the field at the same time. I actually remember that. It was pretty similar to handball. Each referee would be responsible for half the field and they had equal authority to make calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlXjrZxAhC4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; you can see the two referees acting together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9288" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T02:31:21.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14059" CreationDate="2017-09-26T11:31:50.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=19.8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rugby law 19.8&lt;/a&gt;, here are a few things we need prior to taking the lineout:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both teams have same number of players contesting the lineout, who must be in a single straight line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both team contestants must be between the 5m and 15m line from the touch line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team lines must be 1m apart and the throw must be made straight in that 1m channel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=19.10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rugby law 19.10&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The jumpers can only jump once the ball is thrown&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, they move back and forth &lt;strong&gt;because they have combinations&lt;/strong&gt;. Playing at my club, the last number of a lineout call gives a combination. For example &quot;Tequila 6 6 8&quot; means it's combination 8 and players have rehearsed that in training.&#xA;They would know for example that number 8 means short lineout, therefore a jumper will jump close to the 5m line.&#xA;If the number was 5 from the call &quot;2 Echo 5&quot; for instance, the throw would be to the jumper close to the 15 meter line, etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can have as many combinations as you want. When you have a lineout, you need the opposition not to know what you are about to do, hence trying to lure the opposition into believing you are going to throw at the 15m etc when you are going to end up throwing at the 5m line, by moving back and forth, and having weird calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an external note though, everything that you are allowed to do in rugby, or not allowed to do in rugby is described in the rugby laws available online at &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://laws.worldrugby.org/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14065" LastEditorUserId="14065" LastEditDate="2017-10-04T16:54:50.737" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T16:54:50.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17044" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-26T11:42:18.373" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;One day I am watching ODI LIVE cricket in TV, they suddenly showed old bowling clip about some player and sometimes they will show net practice clips also in middle of LIVE ODI match. Who will decide to play this interrupting clips: commentators or ICC staff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Commentators also talks about this type of clips immediately when they showed up on screen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14066" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T18:33:13.983" Title="Who decides this type of things in LIVE cricket matches?" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17044" CreationDate="2017-09-26T18:33:13.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither - the broadcaster does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commentators watch the broadcast themselves so that they are accurately describing what the audience will see, and can explain why something has happened when the camera or microphones didn't pick up all of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T18:33:13.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17047" CreationDate="2017-09-26T20:23:26.803" Score="8" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, I saw a video showing a penalty kick replayed twice because the goalkeeper advanced from the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: what is the distance allowed for the goalkeeper to be off the line during a penalty kick? And generally, have these kind of incidences happened before? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14067" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-26T21:03:54.253" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T17:15:55.100" Title="What is the distance allowed for the goalkeeper to be off the line during penalty kick?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-10-06T14:44:54.327" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17046" CreationDate="2017-09-26T21:00:40.317" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, 1. Procedure&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The defending &lt;strong&gt;goalkeeper must remain on the goal line&lt;/strong&gt;, facing the&#xA;  kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These kind of incidences actually happen quite rarely, the famous one being &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hamid&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Hamid&lt;/a&gt; of D.C. United saving 2 attempts from penalty kick in the game against Portland Timbers but both being overruled by the referee. Here's the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erdYfgregHs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;video&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-28T17:15:55.100" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T17:15:55.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16447" CreationDate="2017-09-27T03:07:33.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Robert Dozier did it for the Twins leading off the first inning on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/playbyplay?gameId=370923106&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;September 24, 2017&lt;/a&gt;. But as above mentioned, the stats call it a single with a throwing error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14068" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2017-09-27T20:08:18.950" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T20:08:18.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17041" CreationDate="2017-09-27T08:06:32.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no language in the CBA preventing a player from signing with a team after an option is not exercised.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples of this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_LaRoche#2013&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adam Laroche&lt;/a&gt; in 2013 declined his half of a mutual option, and then re-signed with Washington.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/royals-outfielder-alex-gordon-declines-option--will-become-a-free-agent-013234250.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alex Gordon&lt;/a&gt; declined his option for 2016 and re-signed with the Royals that year.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Broxton#St._Louis_Cardinals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan Broxton&lt;/a&gt; had his option declined by the St. Louis Cardinals for 2016, but then re-signed with the team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter (a team declining an option and then re-signing) is much less common than the former (a player declining an option and then re-signing), because often a team declining an option is a result of a player either being injured or aging poorly; on the other hand, players decline options because their value exceeds the option value, meaning their old team has an incentive to bid on their services.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mutual options are well covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/what-are-mutual-options-anyway/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fangraphs' article on the subject&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T08:06:32.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-27T13:51:47.717" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;The specific case I'm thinking of is throwing in quidditch (so think baseball, dodgeball, football, etc. mechanics). I'm hoping however to find a more general guiding principle if possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I coach a mix of players at different levels of athletic abilities, some come from other ball sports, some from others sports, some others had no prior sporting experience at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of throwing mechanics, I try to teach with fairly simple methods, breaking down the movement in its components &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5618/dodgeball-how-to-throw-a-ball-efficiently&quot;&gt;like in this answer&lt;/a&gt;. I have seen moderate progress with several players, but they seem to forget everything by the first couple of plays in a scrimmage or actual game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there some recognized method or best practice for this sort of situation? Again, ideally a general approach would be great, but I'm happy with answers specific to throwing mechanics as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3490" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T17:01:10.227" Title="How to coach a player out of bad habits?" Tags="|technique|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17050" CreationDate="2017-09-27T17:01:10.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;By using the principles outlined in &quot;The Art of Learning&quot; by Josh Waitzkin and &quot;Body Mind Mastery&quot; by Dan Millman, I have seen the greatest results from paying attention to Balance, movement minimization, and smoothness/rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These principles are at the foundation of T'ai Chi; finding their application to throwing is the mission of the learning process. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suffered from the yips as a baseball player (had a mental block and couldn't throw the ball back to the pitcher as a catcher) and these principles helped me overcome the physical mistakes that accompanied the mental block. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Develop balance through every part of the throwing motion. You should be able to stop and remain perfectly still at any point of the throwing motion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use only the parts of your body relevant to throwing. My mistake with the yips was a very tense throwing arm (my bicep was fully flexed, which resulted in stopping my wrist mid-throw). I also had excess movement as a result of the tension and there was no rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rhythm and smoothness comes from near effortless movement from the arm because your are balanced and not using any excess muscles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Test balance regularly by pausing at different points of the motion. Try to slow the movement down to as slow as you can, maintaining balance, movement minimization, and smoothness. Once you can do so slowly, scale up to a more normal pace. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14072" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T17:01:10.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17054" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-29T03:49:17.810" Score="4" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;What were the tie-breaker procedures back in the 1970's in case 3 American League teams were tied for their division lead at season's end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14079" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T10:23:31.887" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T10:23:31.887" Title="MLB tiebreaker: 1977" Tags="|rules|history|mlb|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17059" CreationDate="2017-09-29T15:46:23.433" Score="12" ViewCount="11033" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeau_Field#The_.22Lambeau_Leap.22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lambeau Leap&lt;/a&gt; is a celebration started by Green Bay Packers players who leap into the stands after scoring a touchdown at Lambeau Field.  The celebration has spread across the NFL though, because I've seen players on other teams leap into the stands after scoring a touchdown at their home stadiums.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the September 28, 2017 game between the Bears and Packers at Lambeau Field, Green Bay running back Aaron Jones scored a touchdown in the second quarter.  He celebrated by doing a Lambeau Leap.  Jim Nantz and Tony Romo commented on the Lambeau Leap during the CBS broadcast, and they said that the Lambeau Leap had been banned at every stadium except Lambeau Field, where it had been grandfathered in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: First and goal at the 2.  Aaron Jones, he's in for the touchdown.  Running right behind Jahri Evans.  And there is your first career Lambeau Leap, Aaron Jones.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: Just a normal handoff, and a really good jump cut right there by Jones getting in the end zone, and you see that right there, right behind Evans, and then he does the Lambeau Leap.  By the way, have you noticed Jim?  The Lambeau Leap?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: It's been outlawed everywhere...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: No, no.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: ...but one place.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: It's not outlawed here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: It's grandfathered in here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: Grandfathered in, exactly.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: Everyplace but here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: It's like oh you know we like it, we're gonna keep it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Nantz&lt;/strong&gt;: You can't take that away.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Romo&lt;/strong&gt;: No, it's too big a deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that true?  Has the Lambeau Leap been banned at every NFL stadium except Lambeau Field?  If so, when did that happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2017-10-01T22:26:55.147" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T22:32:13.340" Title="Has the Lambeau Leap been banned at all NFL stadiums except Lambeau Field?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17057" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-29T18:05:54.170" Score="2" ViewCount="3963" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules in cricket if a batsman does not play a shot and the ball touches their pad? Can the batsman take a run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14081" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T18:35:10.050" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T18:35:10.050" Title="What happens if a batsman does not play a shot and the ball touches their pad?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17057" CreationDate="2017-09-29T18:29:08.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, unless the striker was trying to avoid being hit by the ball. This is made very clear in (the newly numbered) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-23-bye-and-leg-bye/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23&lt;/a&gt;, but there is no substantial change from the old Laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;23.2.1 If a ball delivered by the bowler first strikes the person of the striker, runs shall be scored only if the umpire is satisfied that the striker has&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;either     attempted to play the ball with the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or          tried to avoid being hit by the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;23.3 If in the circumstance of 23.2.1 the umpire considers that neither of the conditions therein has been met, then Leg byes shall not be awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, this means that you can't score runs by kicking away balls which pitch outside leg stump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T18:29:08.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17055" CreationDate="2017-09-30T03:48:18.313" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the early 2000s, the NFL felt that touchdown celebrations had gotten out of control, delaying the game and promoting unsportsmanlike behavior.  Some of the top &quot;offenders&quot; included &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkgMCPEP-0A&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Smith&lt;/a&gt; (who &quot;diapered and wiped&quot; the football), &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dmqGg6Ccvw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Randy Moss&lt;/a&gt; (who mooned Packers fans at Lambeau) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVUSpLsUTds&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chad Johnson&lt;/a&gt; (who put on a hall of fame jacket and proposed to a cheerleader).  So &lt;a href=&quot;https://scout.com/nfl/Article/NFL-Rule-changes-for-2006-104343153&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2006&lt;/a&gt;, the NFL outlawed &quot;excessive celebration.&quot;  Specifically, players were prohibited from any prolonged, excessive, or premeditated celebration, from using any type of prop while celebrating, from going to the ground during a celebration, and from engaging in a group celebration.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they clarified that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fansided.com/2015/01/11/lambeau-leap-isnt-penalty/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lambeau Leap would still be allowed&lt;/a&gt;, as long as it was one player only that jumped.*  Essentially, the Leap was grandfathered in as a celebration.  The goal post dunk was also grandfathered in at the time, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/122294/players-can-keep-leaping-at-lambeau&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2014&lt;/a&gt; that was banned as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2006 celebration ban was not popular with the players or fans.  And many players and fans were upset that the Packers were the only ones with a celebration that was still allowed, while their players were prohibited from celebrating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year (2017), the NFL has made a rule change again; this time, it has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000810537/article/nfl-relaxing-touchdown-celebration-rules-for-players&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;relaxed the excessive celebration rules&lt;/a&gt;.  Players are now once again allowed to use the football as a prop, to celebrate on the ground, and to engage in group demonstrations.  Offensive or prolonged celebrations, or demonstrations directed at an opponent, are still against the rules and will result in a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before this year, it was debatable whether or not a Lambeau Leap-style celebration was within the rules at other stadiums.  Players have attempted it in other stadiums, and it is usually not flagged, as long as it follows all the other rules (no props, no groups).  With the new rule changes, a Lambeau Leap-style celebration should be allowed now in any stadium without question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* Interesting side story: Several years ago I attended the annual &quot;Packers Family Night&quot; pre-pre-season scrimmage at Lambeau Field.  Although it was strictly a practice scrimmage, there were referees there, treating it as if it was a real game (for their own practice).  Early in the scrimmage, the offense scored, and the entire offense team did a Lambeau Leap.  The refs, of course, threw the flag for excessive celebration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T22:32:13.340" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T22:32:13.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17061" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-30T19:14:56.143" Score="0" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've followed cricket for decades in the UK, and I can now watch it on ESPN here in the US. The sound technology and microphones pick up everything on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled by a shout heard after the ball is bowled. &lt;em&gt;Someone&lt;/em&gt; shouts &quot;play on!&quot; but I can't figure out who.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing it's an umpire letting the players know it's a valid ball. But who of the two umpires is calling and why doesn't it seem to be called for every ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14084" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-05T11:10:41.527" LastActivityDate="2017-10-05T11:10:41.527" Title="Cricket puzzler" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-01T09:49:56.417" Score="1" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have just started watching League and Union Rugby and have been trying to familiarize myself with the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While watching this evening's NRL match between the Storm and Cowboys, a cowboys player was penalized for catching a forward-kicked ball that a storm player had kicked toward the try zone. Effectively, his grabbing the rolling, forward-kicked ball prevented it from rolling into the try zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Knowing that forward kicks can be caught and played in other contexts (such as a &quot;punt&quot; which is made before the 6th tackle is achieved) I was confused as to why this would not be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, earlier in the game, a Queensland player fell on top of a forward kicked ball to prevent it from going into the try zone after it had bounced off the post of the upright and this was okay. And, I know that a defending player can also lay on top of the ball in the try zone to prevent the offense from scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences in these situations, or could someone please point me in the right direction for the rule on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14086" LastEditorUserId="14086" LastEditDate="2017-10-01T18:40:18.620" LastActivityDate="2017-10-01T18:40:18.620" Title="NRL (Australia) Rugby - Touching Ball Near Try Line" Tags="|rules|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17061" CreationDate="2017-10-01T19:52:46.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My best guess here is that you're confused by something. Certainly neither of the umpires (note there are only two on the field) would ever make any indication that a ball is a valid delivery - they call no balls and wides, but make no indication for a fair delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without seeing the coverage it's hard to say any more, but if you &lt;em&gt;forced&lt;/em&gt; me to guess, it would be one of the batsmen saying &quot;no run&quot; (which sort of vaguely rhymes with &quot;play on&quot;), a standard indication to their partner that they should &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; attempt to take a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-01T19:52:46.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-01T20:51:58.967" Score="4" ViewCount="3991" Body="&lt;p&gt;Miami Dolphins were almost shutout for the 2nd consecutive game. A TD as time expired last week vs. Jets are only points Miami has in last 2 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has a team ever been shutout in consecutive games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14089" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-10-02T04:35:11.043" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T14:22:02.653" Title="What NFL teams have been shutout in consecutive games?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17071" CreationDate="2017-10-02T00:08:47.887" Score="7" ViewCount="699" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a few recent rugby league (Australian NRL) games that I have seen, a player will drop a ball that was passed to him, causing it to move forward off of his hands and bounce forward on the ground. Subsequently, a player from the opposing team will rush toward the ball, grab it, and make a mad dash toward their opponent's goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From looking through the official rules, it is my understanding that dropping the ball in a forward motion (except during a charge-down) is a knock-on, which, according to the book, should result in a scrum being awarded to the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the recovering player allowed to take over possession of the ball without a scrum?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing that I can think of is that if a knock-on is considered a penalty, perhaps the opponent is allowed to keep playing so long as they have the advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14086" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-02T09:17:38.553" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T09:17:38.553" Title="Rugby league: does a knock-on require an immediate stoppage of play?" Tags="|rules|officiating|rugby|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17067" CreationDate="2017-10-02T06:42:28.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many teams who have been shutout in consecutive games. Searching after 1970 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/rai/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oakland Raiders&lt;/a&gt; had been shutout in 3 games consecutively. While the record is of 7 consecutive games shared by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/lou/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Louisville Colonels&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/ham/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hammond Pros&lt;/a&gt;. The most recent consecutive shutout was of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/cle/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland Browns&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using team streak finder of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pro-football-reference.com&lt;/a&gt; the table generated is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bApon.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bApon.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;oakland&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/team_streak_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;streak_type=games&amp;amp;year_min=1970&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;streak_event=points&amp;amp;streak_event_gtlt=eq&amp;amp;streak_num=0&amp;amp;streak_event_gtlt_2=gt&amp;amp;streak_length=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Complete table:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IyKDb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IyKDb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;record&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/team_streak_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;streak_type=games&amp;amp;year_min=1920&amp;amp;year_max=2017&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;streak_event=points&amp;amp;streak_event_gtlt=eq&amp;amp;streak_num=0&amp;amp;streak_event_gtlt_2=gt&amp;amp;streak_length=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most recent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TTKyk.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TTKyk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;recent&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-02T14:22:02.653" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T14:22:02.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17069" CreationDate="2017-10-02T09:04:52.910" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia's National Rugby League (NRL) is played in accordance with the Rugby League International Federation laws, modulo some minor changes outlined in official documents from the Australian Rugby League (ARL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The RLIF &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/rules/laws_of_the_game/knock_on__forward_pass&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law regarding knock-on&lt;/a&gt; states, with emphasis added, that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[i]f, after knocking-on accidentally, the player knocking-on regains or kicks the ball before it touches the ground, a goal post, cross bar or an opponent, then play shall be allowed to proceed.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Otherwise play shall stop and a scrum shall be formed&lt;/strong&gt; except after the fifth play-the-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This passage is quite clear: a knock-on requires play to stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/rules/laws_of_the_game/glossary_of_terms&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary Of Terms&lt;/a&gt; of those laws, we are provided with the definition of Advantage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;allowing the advantage means allowing play to proceed if it is to the advantage of the team which has not committed an offence or infringement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case that the team recovering the ball has not committed an offence or infringement, and depending on the circumstances, continuing to play on may be to their advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/rules/laws_of_the_game/match_officials&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Notes section of laws regarding Match Officials&lt;/a&gt;, we are given a clear indication that the referee (and they alone) may decide what advantage is, and whether it has been obtained. They must also allow advantage only when the non-offending team both has an &amp;quot;adequate opportunity&amp;quot; for an advantage &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; has attempted to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former explains why play is not necessarily stopped for a scrum: the player gaining the ball may have advantage from playing on. The latter explains why players will immediately try to regather the ball and make a territorial gain from that position: they can only have advantage if they try to make use of a potential advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the worst case, they are brought back for the scrum, which by custom and by law, almost assuredly gives them possession. In the best case, they make great gains in territory or are able to score a try. Hence, both players and referees have incentive and ability under the laws to play on, not needing to stop play first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantage law applies to all phases of play, but where a team infringes in a strong tactical position the advantage should be allowed only if the ball goes immediately into the possession of the non-offending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee is the sole judge of what constitutes an advantage be it tactical or territorial. An infringement is not ‘negated’ simply because the ball touches or is touched by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opponent must have adequate opportunity to take advantage and endeavour to do so before play is allowed to proceed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T09:04:52.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16987" CreationDate="2017-10-03T09:08:50.350" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me, that the top front of the shoes is from textile, which is not good. It can tear down when kicking the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13982" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T09:08:50.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17075" CreationDate="2017-10-03T14:18:49.013" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that Federer won a Junior Grand slam in past and then later he become number one. But how many of Junior Grand Slam Winners make it to pro tennis and reach top 10?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13982" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-03T15:51:48.967" LastActivityDate="2019-01-24T09:02:29.143" Title="How many of Junior Grand Slam Winners made it to ATP/WTA Top 10?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17074" CreationDate="2017-10-03T15:03:22.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is too broad to answer without specific timeline. But with &lt;a href=&quot;https://tennisproguru.com/junior-grand-slam-winners-future-top-10/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Pro Guru&lt;/a&gt; article about chances to make TOP 10 singles ranking for Junior Grand Slam Winners, &lt;strong&gt;16 of 70&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;boys&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;15 of 68&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;girls&lt;/em&gt; made it to TOP 10 during the time period of &lt;em&gt;1997 – 2016&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, with the help of the linked article we can conclude &lt;strong&gt;more than 20%&lt;/strong&gt; Junior Grand Slam Winners are likely to reach TOP 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T15:03:22.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17079" CreationDate="2017-10-03T15:29:03.457" Score="3" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1 they often show Pit Stop times like these&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3eynW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3eynW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is actually calculated? When does the timer start, and when does the timer stop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T23:19:23.740" Title="What is calculated when they show the pit stops times in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17078" CreationDate="2017-10-03T17:16:39.183" Score="4" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading about history of Camp Nou on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilities/card/camp-nou-the-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official website of FC Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;. First paragraph reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the early days, the club constantly switched between different grounds. In the second stage, the club was consolidated by finding a permanent home at Les Corts. And the third stage, and the construction of the Camp Nou, reflects the expansion and grandeur of the club on a global scale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching on the web found only two venues &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_de_la_Ind%C3%BAstria&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Camp de la Indústria&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_de_Les_Corts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Camp de Les Corts&lt;/a&gt; before &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Nou&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Camp Nou&lt;/a&gt;. As the website says they switched between different grounds before construction of Les Corts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the other venues where FC Barcelona used to play in its early years of existence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12350" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T12:18:44.917" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T12:18:44.917" Title="What are the venues where FC Barcelona used to play in its early days?" Tags="|football|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17077" CreationDate="2017-10-03T18:29:35.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The three stadium &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Barcelona#Stadia&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Camp de la Indústria, Camp de Les Corts, and Camp Nou&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; are the major ones but before FC Barcelona moved to Camp de la Indústria in 1909 they played in five different stadiums. Those five stadiums were Velódromo de la Bonanova, Campo del Hotel Casanovas, Campo de la Plaza de las Armas, Campo de la Carretera de Horta, Campo de la Calle Muntaner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.estadiosdeespana.com/posts/barcelona-camp-de-les-corts/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;estadiosdeespana.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T18:29:35.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17076" CreationDate="2017-10-03T23:19:23.740" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The times given there are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2017/1/f1-quest-perfect-pit-stop.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lengths of time the car was stationary in the pit box&lt;/a&gt;, apparently being measured using high speed camera footage. While obviously an impressive achievement to perform a pit stop in that timeframe, it's only a part of the longer &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://jwgrandprix.com/2016/07/18/formula-one-pit-stop-time-vs-pit-lane-times/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;pit lane time&lt;/a&gt;&quot; measure which influences race strategy, and can also be affected by the pit lane speed limit, and pit lane traffic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14041" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T23:19:23.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15984" CreationDate="2017-10-04T04:21:30.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Friction and padding are part of it, as @CodeNewbie said. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Feel&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to that, tightly taping the blade changes the structural dynamics - the blade feels stronger, more solid. There's a different feel when you tape around the blade than you would get by sticking a layer of tape onto the blade, which can't be explained by friction and padding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a skate or two, the bottom edge of the blade starts to cut through the tape, so it's no longer tighly holding the structure together. Hence the need to re-tape the stick frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: That's how it feels to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Breakage protection&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the tape supports the blade structure, I'd be surprised if the tight taping didn't extend the life of the blade; even though though they're no longer made of wood, blades do take a beating, chip and break. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But any protection from tape is more of a happy side-effect; the primary purpose is puck feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="923" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T04:21:30.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17086" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-06T09:05:33.907" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10575/is-there-any-concept-of-declaring-an-inning-in-baseball&quot;&gt;Is there any concept of &amp;#39;declaring&amp;#39; an inning in Baseball?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing team can't get the batters out and some time limit is reached- the field has to be closed or the batters are physically exhausted so can't continue so the game is stopped in certain innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14101" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T15:06:31.717" Title="Has any baseball match been stopped because the opposing team has no chance of ending an innings" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17087" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-06T09:37:54.827" Score="4" ViewCount="2375" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why  was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-game-highlights/0ap3000000857231/Chris-Hogan-hauls-in-6-yard-touchdown-with-Vernon-Hargreaves-all-over-him&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this catch by Chris Hogan&lt;/a&gt; for the Patriots against the Buccaneers, on October 5th 2017, a touchdown, as he caught the ball in the air and landed outside of the End Zone? I thought the catching player had to touch down with both feet? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14102" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2017-10-06T11:52:36.740" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T17:18:06.667" Title="How can a touchdown catch be made when the receiver lands outside the End Zone?" Tags="|nfl|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17087" CreationDate="2017-10-06T12:24:02.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#rule11&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook Rule 11: Scoring&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 2, ARTICLE 1. TOUCHDOWN PLAYS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A touchdown is scored when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;. a ball in possession of an airborne runner is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line, and some part of the ball passed over or inside the pylon&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note 1&lt;/strong&gt;: The ball is automatically dead when it is in legal possession of a player and is on, above, or behind the opponent’s goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#article-7.-player-possession&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook Rule 3: Definitions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 2,  ARTICLE 7. PLAYER POSSESSION&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Item 1&lt;/strong&gt;. Player in Possession. A player is in possession when he is inbounds and has a firm grip and control of the ball with his hands or arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note 3&lt;/strong&gt;: If a player has control of the ball, a slight movement of the ball will not be considered loss of possession. He must lose control of the ball in order to rule that there has been a loss of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these rules come into play for the case when the receiver lands outside the End Zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at this image, (taken from the linked video)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wVGwz.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wVGwz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;caught&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which shows Chris Hogan is airborne inside the goal line, and ball is also inside the pylon which makes it a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from linked note, ball becomes dead in a legal possession of a player above the opponent’s goal line. He also has a firm grip and control of the ball which makes it a legal possession. So, it doesn't matter where he lands (as long as he is in bounds), that's why the catch is legal touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T17:18:06.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16880" CreationDate="2017-10-06T13:11:08.693" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The raider is safe if he manages to stay inside the opponents court while the defender touches the raider's court. but if the raider is thrown out of the playing area . each of the team gets the point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14049" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T13:11:08.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17092" CreationDate="2017-10-06T14:00:44.363" Score="5" ViewCount="7832" Body="&lt;p&gt;After Brazil's goalless draw against Bolivia during 2018 World Cup Qualifiers, which was played on Estadio Hernando Siles Stadium, La Paz, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/4624424/brazil-players-oxygen-bolivia-neymar-philippe-coutinho-gabriel-jesus/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Brazilian players needed some oxygen refreshment&lt;/a&gt; after their game at such a high altitude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Hernando_Siles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia article about this stadium&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The stadium is located at an altitude of &lt;strong&gt;3,637 metres (11,932 feet)&lt;/strong&gt; above sea level, making it one of the highest professional stadiums in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this stadium the one at highest altitude? If not, which professional football stadium is the highest located stadium in the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T20:11:54.767" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T10:38:24.040" Title="What football stadium is at the highest altitude in the world?" Tags="|football|trivia|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17086" CreationDate="2017-10-06T15:06:31.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the game can be suspended due to several reasons listed in the rules (7.02(a))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;curfew&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;league imposed time limit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;equipment failure (such as lights or roof)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;darkness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;weather&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few other rules that then determine what happens next.  If most of the game has been played and one team is ahead, the game can be called (ended) and a winner declared.  In other circumstances the game can be postponed and resumed later or replayed from the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If possible, umpires would prefer to stop between innings, but weather or equipment failure may not make that possible.  Time is not normally a factor in MLB games (they can be played quite late), but it can happen.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 1984 game between the Brewers and White Sox was still tied after 18 innings.  The game was suspended at that point and resumed the next day and completed in the 25th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T15:06:31.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17090" CreationDate="2017-10-06T17:54:39.747" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Hernando_Siles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Estadio Hernando Siles&lt;/a&gt; is not the highest stadium in the world. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_V%C3%ADctor_Agust%C3%ADn_Ugarte&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Estadio Víctor Agustín Ugarte&lt;/a&gt;, another stadium in Bolivia, is even higher with an altitude of 3,960 meters (12,992 ft). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the highest stadium in the world is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Estadio Daniel Alcides Carrión&lt;/a&gt; located in Peru with an altitude of 4,380 meters (13,973 ft) above sea level. This stadium is used by football team &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Minas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unión Minas&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-10T16:42:31.497" LastActivityDate="2017-11-10T16:42:31.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-08T01:12:43.070" Score="1" ViewCount="5183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the picture:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S4aui.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S4aui.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason I asked this question under 'Sports' is because it seemed to have something to do with surfing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is 1+1 equal to tube? Can someone explain it to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14112" LastEditorUserId="14112" LastEditDate="2017-10-08T01:38:24.410" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T08:26:34.977" Title="Saw this old picture about 1+1=tube, but I can't seem to get the joke" Tags="|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-03-24T08:22:31.623" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-08T08:50:22.043" Score="2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_WTA_Finals#Qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 WTA Finals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; has some brief explanation of how qualification for this tournament works. Based on the description given there it seems that simply the top players in the race rankings are taken. (The only thing which is slightly more complicated is which tournaments have to be counted, it seems that they are Grand Slams and some Premier level tournaments, with some possible exceptions.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from rankings, are there some other conditions player has to fulfill to qualify?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For example, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_ATP_World_Tour_Finals#Qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's tournament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Grand Slam winner might qualify even if he is not in the top 8 positions of rankings. Is there a similar rule for WTA finals? (Of course, it is already clear that this cannot happen in ATP rankings this year. But if you look at WTA rankings, the US Open winner &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloane_Stephens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sloane Stephens&lt;/a&gt; missed the first half of the season due to surgery, so she is very unlikely to get into top 8. So if there is a similar rule also for WTA finals, it could make difference.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another example: In an online discussion, I was told that one of the condition for qualifying is that the player has to win at least one WTA tournament during the year. However, I was not able to find any confirmation of this rule. (And this would contradict the Wikipedia article - Venus Williams is listed among players who already qualified, but so far she does not have a WTA title in this season. Of course, what somebody claims online is far from being a reputable source, but still that made me curious.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Here is link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_WTA_Finals&amp;amp;oldid=804331221#Qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Some exceptions concerning the premier tournaments are mentioned in the footnotes below the table saying: &quot;The player's ranking at the time did not qualify her to play this event. Accordingly, the player's next best result is counted in its place.&quot; and &quot;The player was not a Top 20 player at the end of 2016 and therefore not required to count her two best Premier 5 results. Accordingly, the player's next best result is counted in its place.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Again, I will add a link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_ATP_World_Tour_Finals&amp;amp;oldid=804289765#Qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-10-08T10:06:06.073" LastActivityDate="2017-10-08T10:06:06.073" Title="Are there additional conditions for qualifying to WTA Finals other than race rankings?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|ranking|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17100" CreationDate="2017-10-08T18:44:33.663" Score="5" ViewCount="15648" Body="&lt;p&gt;What percentage of NFL teams play on natural grass at their home stadium?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many are indoor versus outdoor fields?  Please further breakdown the percentages for indoors and outdoors fields. When listing these teams, and mention whether they play indoors, or outdoors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team has already committed moving to a new stadium in the near future (e.g. the LA Rams and Chargers), indicate the future stadium's grass type as a side note. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T14:29:58.627" LastActivityDate="2019-09-06T02:13:33.617" Title="Which NFL teams have natural grass stadiums?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17099" CreationDate="2017-10-09T05:59:02.327" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lawnstarter.com/blog/sports-turf/nfl-stadiums-turf-or-grass/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;An article on lawnstarter.com&lt;/a&gt; has compiled a list of NFL stadiums, and what type of turf they play on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Of the 32 professional teams, 56% (or 18 teams) play on &lt;em&gt;natural grass&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Of those 18 professional teams, 6% (or 1 team) plays &lt;em&gt;indoors&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 18-team stadium breakdown on natural grass is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kansas City Chiefs (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Carolina Panthers (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Washington&#xA;  Redskins (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Cleveland Browns (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Miami Dolphins (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Pittsburgh Steelers (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Green Bay Packers (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    San&#xA;  Francisco 49ers (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Philadelphia Eagles (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Los Angeles&#xA;  Rams (outdoors) - LA Rams will move to an artifical turf in 2019.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Baltimore Ravens (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Tennessee Titans (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;                                                    Los Angeles Chargers (outdoors) - LA Chargers will move to artifical turf in 2020.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Tampa Bay&#xA;  Buccaneers (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Chicago Bears (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Denver Broncos (outdoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Arizona Cardinals (indoors)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Oakland Raiders (outdoors) - The Oakland raiders will move to Las Vegas sometime around 2020 and will have Sprinturf (a brand of artificial turf).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T23:09:27.860" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T23:09:27.860" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17123" CreationDate="2017-10-10T03:26:39.547" Score="3" ViewCount="5845" Body="&lt;p&gt;I watch both NFL and CFL, so I might be confusing what each league does, but here is what I think I have noticed: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;sometimes a player gets the ball after the snap, they are blocked, and they are pushed several steps back but officials mark the tackle where the player was grabbed, and not where the tackle ended.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;contrary to the above, when a tackled player keeps moving forward while falling, it seems like the ball is placed where the fall ended. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This feels incoherent to me. What do the rules say about the placement of the ball after a tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7715" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T05:42:39.257" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T21:22:03.633" Title="In American football, where do the officials mark the tackle?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|cfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17103" CreationDate="2017-10-10T09:46:09.363" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The game as a whole is made simpler and more coherent if it is only possible to move forward when attacking, and this requires that it not be possible to move forward when defending. To be attacking, a team must have possession, one way or another. The exception is backward movement made as part of the attack, i.e. the snap and any backward passes or runs: the attacking team sacrifices territory now in order to gain territory in several seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each attempt at moving the ball forward is called a &lt;strong&gt;down&lt;/strong&gt;. A down ends when the player with the ball is tackled (see further definition later) or leaves the field of play, some kind of score occurs, a pass is incomplete, or the player in possession stops making forward progress. Note that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the down ends, the ball is dead, and no further &quot;in play&quot; action can occur from that exact instant, even if it is not known until some time later when precisely the instant was;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball is placed for the next down based on its position when the down ends, and not for example when a defender first made contact with the attacker or when the attacker first took possession.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a player moving backwards, the player stops making forward progress because they have begun doing the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a player falling forward, a tackle requires that some part besides the hand or foot of the player in possession has touched the ground (or any part of that player or the ball has touched an object or ground outside the field). Since the player is still making forward progress, every inch of territory gained &lt;em&gt;until the down has actually ended&lt;/em&gt; must be counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-10T10:02:25.067" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T10:02:25.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17109" CreationDate="2017-10-10T13:38:24.847" Score="7" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1, Drivers have an assigned number. But how are these numbers decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drivers Choice?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Constructors Choice?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Randomly assigned?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if the number is chosen, who has first pick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="22054" LastEditDate="2021-10-31T18:51:20.753" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T18:51:20.753" Title="How are driver numbers assigned in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17108" CreationDate="2017-10-10T14:32:52.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/file/54256/download/18381?token=lMCfyJzf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 FORMULA ONE SPORTING REGULATIONS:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9) CAR LIVERY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2 Each car will carry the race number of its driver as published by the FIA at the beginning of the season. This number must be clearly visible from the front of the car and on the driver’s crash helmet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to the start of the 2014 World Championship season race numbers will be permanently allocated to drivers by ballot, such numbers must then be used by that driver during every Formula One World Championship Event he takes part in throughout his career in Formula 1. A driver’s career in Formula 1 will be deemed to have ended if he does not participate in an Event for two entire consecutive Championship seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any new drivers, either at the start of or during a season, will also be allocated a permanent number in the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The only exception to this allocation process will be for the reigning World Champion who will have the option to use the number one. The number that was previously allocated to him will be reserved for him in subsequent seasons if he does not retain the title of World Champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which indicate they will use the &lt;strong&gt;number allocated from FIA by ballot&lt;/strong&gt; and it is permanent, however reigning World Champion can choose between his allocated number and number one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However this &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/111841/fia-kicks-off-driver-number-process&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;autosport.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; article confirms that drivers were given a chance to choose their preferred number prior to 2014 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The FIA is also keen to ensure that the choice of number is made by the driver, rather than the team that employs him, which is why they are being contacted directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T01:30:55.287" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T01:30:55.287" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17111" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17112" CreationDate="2017-10-10T17:10:22.823" Score="3" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, today there was India v Australia and India A vs New Zealand A. What does the extra A mean after the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14123" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T13:01:43.890" Title="What does the A at end of country mean?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17111" CreationDate="2017-10-11T00:18:47.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams belonging to a given association (such as a country, region, or club) are usually ranked according to which is &quot;best&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ranking is almost invariably labeled under one of two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the best team is the A team, the second-best team is the B team, and so on along the alphabet. Countries tend to adjust this pattern by giving a special name to their highest-ranked team and shifting the regular names down the order.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the best team is the first or 1st team, the second-best team is the second or 2nd team, and so on along the ordinals. This labeling is often followed by the number of on-field players in the game, in word or in Roman numerals, so that a top cricket or football team is the First Eleven or 1st XI; a top rugby team is the First Fifteen or 1st XV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other methods are to select a given category with a series of nouns in a known order, and apply these names to the ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T00:18:47.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17111" CreationDate="2017-10-11T07:55:39.053" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote the wiki page &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The list was the work of Philip Bailey and the name is derived simply from there being a list A and a list B. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_A_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the term relates to this a team representing the country in a List A match that is not the main international team.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term came to prominence during the 1994–95 Benson and Hedges World Series Cup in Australia when the Australia A team was added to the international Triangular series as Zimbabwe was seen as not competitive enough to have the standard 3 teams in the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Australia A side featured many future stars Ponting,Hayden,Blewett, Martyn and ended up meeting the Australia side in the final. The Australia side went on to win the final series but controversially they added Paceman Paul Reiffel to their squad who had been dominating for Australia A then made him twelfth man for the Australia team so they didn't have to face him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14127" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T13:01:43.890" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T13:01:43.890" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17114" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17115" CreationDate="2017-10-11T08:42:04.467" Score="2" ViewCount="1831" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Basketball Reference they state that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Assist Percentage; the formula is 100 * AST / (((MP / (Team MP / 5)) * Team FG) - FG). Assist percentage is an estimate of the percentage of teammate field goals a player assisted while he was on the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you take a game from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://watch.nba.com/game/20170409/OKCDEN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA&lt;/a&gt; and look at Russell Westbrook for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://watch.nba.com/game/20170409/OKCDEN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MP=36, AST=10, FG=17&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://stats.nba.com/teams/traditional/?sort=FGM&amp;amp;dir=-1&amp;amp;Season=2016-17&amp;amp;SeasonType=Regular%20Season&amp;amp;OpponentTeamID=1610612743&amp;amp;DateFrom=04%2F09%2F2017&amp;amp;DateTo=04%2F09%2F2017&amp;amp;TeamID=1610612760&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Team FG=40, Team MP= 48&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So using the formula I do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;100 * 10 / (((36 / (48 / 5)) * 40) - 17)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which equals 7.519&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://stats.nba.com/players/usage/?sort=USG_PCT&amp;amp;dir=-1&amp;amp;Season=2016-17&amp;amp;SeasonType=Regular%20Season&amp;amp;OpponentTeamID=1610612743&amp;amp;DateFrom=04%2F09%2F2017&amp;amp;DateTo=04%2F09%2F2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA stats site&lt;/a&gt; it comes back with 58.8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have I done something wrong with the calculation here or am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14127" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T12:06:04.823" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T12:59:32.113" Title="Calculate Assist Percentage in basketball" Tags="|statistics|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17114" CreationDate="2017-10-11T12:59:32.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know why NBA stats shows Russell Westbrook assist percentage as 58.8 because &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201704090DEN.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basketball-reference stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; for the same game shows &lt;strong&gt;72.5&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201704090DEN.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basketball-reference,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; stats for Russell Westbrook and team for that match,  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MP=37, AST=10, FG=17, Team FG=40, Team MP= 240&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA stats shows Team MP as 48 which is obtained after dividing 240 by 5 i.e, (Team Mp / 5).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using these stats we can get assist percentage around 72.5. For your calculation, if you use 48 for (Team MP / 5) and 37 for MP (Russel played 36 min 57 sec) you will get almost same data as basketball reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T12:59:32.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17118" CreationDate="2017-10-11T16:44:40.363" Score="3" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;My son (aged 9) played really well in pick-up football games and community recreation, then we joined a competitive league.  Around competitive players he holds himself back, he gets rid of the ball too quickly and makes bad decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coaches are perplexed, he has all the ingredients to be a dominant player, but on the field he does not play freely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can we transfer good mental performance to the competitive games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;As an experiment I had my son be a sub for another competitive team in another league, and he played back at his normal high level.  I noticed the following characteristics in the team and the coach&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;COACH&lt;/strong&gt; Spends a lot of time in groups and in  one-on-one sessions with players.  He spends time during practice and during games pulling my son aside and giving him feedback. Ends feedback with encouragement always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players&lt;/strong&gt; New teammates are more inclusive and warmer towards my son.   The pass the ball more, provide helpful directions at times. Some of this is mandated by the coach.  Kids are respectful and more disciplined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14129" LastEditorUserId="14129" LastEditDate="2018-02-02T20:38:28.463" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T20:38:28.463" Title="How can mental toughness be improved for young players?" Tags="|football|sports-psychology|futsal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17117" CreationDate="2017-10-11T21:03:15.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you considered how you may put pressure on your son playing competitive? This is just a question you should ask yourself in how your son perceives the game and your reactions to it. Everyone, and especially children are different this way.&#xA;In general here in The Netherlands the competitive style of soccer (football) games is played down right now. Sure, you're at a club and play matches. But no referee, score is recorded but no league standings. At age 9 they should just love the game. Having said that... I would want to win! Most kids would want that but mostly they want to feel appreciated by their team mates and parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Small edit: Non-competitive style only for the younger players (up to around 10-11 years). Some day we want to win the World Cup ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastEditorUserId="13223" LastEditDate="2017-10-13T09:04:03.123" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T09:04:03.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17119" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17120" CreationDate="2017-10-12T04:19:16.700" Score="5" ViewCount="2236" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title says it all. What is the average number of baseballs used in a 9 inning game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2017-10-12T05:01:39.937" Title="Number of baseballs used in a major league baseball game?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17119" CreationDate="2017-10-12T05:01:39.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question doesn't have an exact answer but there are many articles which suggest, for a particular (9 innings) game , on avergage &lt;a href=&quot;http://mashable.com/2015/01/24/sports-balls-nfl-deflate-gate/#HGUkfQdLhqqX&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;8 to 10 dozen baseballs&lt;/a&gt; are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/05142/508138.stm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;old.post-gazette.com&lt;/a&gt; article (link might be dead, information is taken from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.spiritstranslation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;amp;t=833&amp;amp;start=80&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;thread&lt;/a&gt; citing this source.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to the Pirates' equipment manager, an actual game between the Pittsburgh Pirates and Milwaukee Brewers, used 104 baseballs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is just above 8 dozen balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxsports.com/other/story/major-league-baseballs-have-a-short-shelf-life-062912&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;foxsports.com&lt;/a&gt; article according to Twins assistant equipment manager Tim Burke,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On any given night, teams will go through 100 baseballs or more, which equates to just a few pitches per ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-10-12T05:01:39.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17117" CreationDate="2017-10-12T16:22:51.990" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took my son to practice yesterday, and did not pay attention to how it went.  Did not speak to him about sports or how to perform at practice.  Nothing at all, we spoke about dinner and what to do after practice.  Turned out to be a really strong practice...coach came up and told me it went really well.  Thank you again for your answer. I think it may have been how we (parents) were handling the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14129" LastActivityDate="2017-10-12T16:22:51.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17103" CreationDate="2017-10-13T21:22:03.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rationale here is that when the defense stops the ball carrier, it is preferable that they do not get any benefit from holding the carrier up (so the play would remain live) and just pushing them backward a huge distance instead of tackling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This concept is in the rule book as &amp;quot;forward progress&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 13 FORWARD PROGRESS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. FORWARD PROGRESS. The Forward Progress of a runner or airborne receiver is the point at which his advance&#xA;toward his opponent’s goal ends and is the spot at which the ball is declared dead by rule, irrespective of the runner or receiver&#xA;being pushed or carried backward by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note in the wording that forward progress is only stopped by the opponent.  If the ball carrier advances and then on their own decides to retreat (presumably to find a better position elsewhere), then they do not have benefit of forward progress.  If they are tackled during the retreat, the ball is marked at that spot.  Not the more forward position that was held earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T21:22:03.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17125" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-14T05:09:49.357" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Swedish (top-flight) league game between Gothenburg and AIK has been &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/806200/Gothenburg-AIK-postponed-match-fixing-bribe-IFK-Goteborg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;postponed after an alleged match-fixing attempt&lt;/a&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4965654/Ex-footballer-questioned-Swedish-matcj-fixing-scandal.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dailymail&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Allsvenskan#Suspended_matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other examples of match being called off with attempt or suspicion of match-fixing in top-level leagues of UEFA associated countries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top-level league meaning, in case of England only Premier League but not Championship and other lower league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:20:52.717" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T06:20:52.717" Title="Match being called off because of an attempt of match-fixing in Europe's top-level football leagues" Tags="|football|uefa|match-fixing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13557" CreationDate="2017-10-14T06:13:51.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter runner is out on the catch MLB 5.09a1. The other runners are no longer forced but are out because they failed to tag up and appeal plays are made MLB 5.09b5. The lead runner scores according to 5.08a since he crossed the plate after he tagged up and the other two outs do not meet the exception of MLB 5.08a. Since the last two outs are not forced they are commonly referred to as timed plays. That is, what happened before them counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB refers to the Major League Baseball Official Rules 2016&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the runners who were on first and second made base running errors. The pitcher should also have been able to throw home to get the lead runner, so a mental error. Sounds like a Little League game to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14139" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T06:13:51.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17127" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-14T14:52:46.190" Score="3" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to be &lt;em&gt;in the referee's notebook&lt;/em&gt; first, and why would someone else &lt;em&gt;follow them into the referee's notebook&lt;/em&gt; after that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14141" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-14T20:00:05.407" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T20:00:05.407" Title="What does it mean to follow the person into the referee's notebook?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5491" CreationDate="2017-10-14T14:56:16.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a final rule to which your third baseman may have been referring.  MLB 5.09b2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(2)  after touching first base, he leaves the base path, obviously abandoning his effort to touch the next base;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your 3rd baseman being authorized to act as an official believed that R2 had given up on the play usually by moving towards the dugout or otherwise off the field of play, then that runner was out. The scenario given would be a misapplication of this rule, as simply stopping is not abandoning the bases. Runners stop regularly in their attempts to proceed to the next base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another poster did indicate that your official could have called the runner out due to a baseline violation MLB 5.09b1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1)  He runs more than three feet away from his base path to avoid being tagged unless his action is to avoid interference with a fielder fielding a batted ball. A runner’s base path is established when the tag attempt occurs and is a straight line from the runner to the base he is attempting to reach safely; or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scenario precludes this as it stated that R2 stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3B should have touched third or charged (possibly forcing a baseline violation) and tagged R2 to get the out and then make the throw to first if there was still time. &#xA;R2 should have proceeded to 3rd after 3b made the throw since neither of these happened and make his case that he was safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules cited are Major League Baseball Official Rules 2016&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14139" LastEditorUserId="14139" LastEditDate="2017-10-14T15:01:37.693" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T15:01:37.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17127" CreationDate="2017-10-14T16:12:02.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee makes records important information about the match in a notebook to act as the official record of the match. This includes goals, but in this context also cautions - a player receiving a caution can be (unofficially) described as &quot;going into the referee's notebook&quot;, and a second player receiving a caution can be described as &quot;following the first player into the referee's notebook&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case it's not obvious, this is also the derivation of a caution being described as a &quot;booking&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T16:12:02.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17136" CreationDate="2017-10-14T20:24:19.080" Score="4" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much bigger can the rubber be than the blade?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watching some of the professional table tennis players, I noticed that the rubber attached to their blades, is slightly bigger than the blade itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming this gives them a slight advantage in terms of extra distance at which their paddle can reach. or is it something else? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T02:23:35.087" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T02:23:35.087" Title="How much bigger than the blade is the rubber allowed to be?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-15T10:37:47.987" Score="2" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ranking of each team in each group shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I want to ask about the following case, based on above rules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A vs B: 1-2&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B vs C: 0-1&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A vs D: 6-0&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A vs C: 2-0&lt;br&gt;&#xA;C vs D: 6-0&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B vs D: 5-0  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The table looks like this:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A: 6 point, 9 scored, 2 against&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B: 6 point, 7 scored, 2 against&lt;br&gt;&#xA;C: 6 point, 7 scored, 2 against&lt;br&gt;&#xA;D: 0 point, 0 scored, 17 against  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to determine the first, second, and third positioned team in the group. I need to know it because two top teams will qualify to semifinal.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14143" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-15T12:12:36.863" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T12:31:56.853" Title="Tie-breakers in the group" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17132" CreationDate="2017-10-15T12:31:56.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously, &lt;strong&gt;rule-a&lt;/strong&gt; tells us who's the 4-th placed team in the group:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's team D with the least points (0 points).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now rule-a doesn't help us to determine first 3 positions in the table as all three teams (A, B, C) have 6 points. That's why we move to &lt;strong&gt;rule-b&lt;/strong&gt;, which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of 3 teams in question, team A has the best goal difference &lt;code&gt;(9 - 2 = 7)&lt;/code&gt;, so team A is ranked first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Team B and Team C have equal goal differences &lt;code&gt;(7 - 2 = 5)&lt;/code&gt;, rule-b doesn't help us in breaking the tie between these teams, hence we move to &lt;strong&gt;rule-c&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But rule-c doesn't help us either, as both teams have scored 7 goals each. We move to &lt;strong&gt;rule-d&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Remember, the teams in question are Team B and Team C.&lt;/em&gt; rule-d states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the&#xA;  teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only 1 match has been played between teams concerned and Team C has won it. So, it's Team C which will be ranked second and Team B which will be ranked 3rd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the final rankings are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team C  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, Team A and Team C will qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T12:31:56.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17130" CreationDate="2017-10-15T17:58:25.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.04.01 of the ITTF rules and regulations states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The racket may be of any size, shape or weight but the blade shall be flat and rigid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Rule 2.4.4 states that the rubber covering &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;may extend up to but not beyond the limits of the blade&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastEditorUserId="103" LastEditDate="2017-10-16T11:19:41.020" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T11:19:41.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17130" CreationDate="2017-10-16T03:36:36.047" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although there is no restriction on racket size, shape or weight there are restrictions for rubber covering the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://d3mjm6zw6cr45s.cloudfront.net/2016/12/2017_ITTF_Handbook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF rules and regulations handbook 2017&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.4 The Racket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.4.3 A side of the blade used for striking the ball shall be covered with either&#xA;  ordinary pimpled rubber, with pimples outwards having a total thickness&#xA;  including adhesive of not more than 2.0mm, or sandwich rubber, with pimples&#xA;  inwards or outwards, having a total thickness including adhesive of not more&#xA;  than 4.0mm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, rubber can be 2.0mm or 4.0mm thick depending on type of rubber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.4.4 The covering material shall extend up to but not beyond the limits of the&#xA;  blade, except that the part nearest the handle and gripped by the fingers may&#xA;  be left uncovered or covered with any material.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rubber attached to professional table tennis players blades, is slightly bigger than the blade itself is not true because rule clearly mention &lt;strong&gt;rubber cannot extend beyond the limits of the blade&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-rules-and-regulations.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;allabouttabletennis.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-16T09:01:44.960" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T09:01:44.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10471" CreationDate="2017-10-16T04:19:02.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA included rights to broadcast playoff games in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://money.cnn.com/2014/10/06/media/nba-tv-deal/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;$24 billion extension&lt;/a&gt; signed with Disney/ESPN and TNT. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/2014/10/5/6916597/nba-new-tv-deal-espn-turner-24-billion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This deal&lt;/a&gt; covers both regular season and playoff games: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Under this arrangement, ESPN will pay $1.4 billion per year, while&#xA;  Turner will pay $1.2 billion, according to Sports Business Journal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the league's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2014/news/10/06/nba-media-deal-disney-turner-sports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;press release&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The National Basketball Association (NBA) has expanded its&#xA;  partnerships with Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. and The Walt Disney&#xA;  Company through new, nine-year agreements under which ABC, TNT, and&#xA;  ESPN will televise NBA games beginning with the 2016-17 season and&#xA;  running through the 2024-25 season&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quote regarding TNT playoff games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TNT will televise up to 45 playoff games during the first two rounds&#xA;  and will have exclusive coverage of the conference semifinals games it&#xA;  telecasts and one of the conference finals each year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quotes regarding ABC/ESPN playoff games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The postseason will feature the entire best-of-seven NBA Finals in&#xA;  primetime on ABC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ABC, ESPN and ESPN2 will also televise up to 30 playoff games in the&#xA;  first two rounds, while ESPN will feature exclusive coverage of the&#xA;  conference semifinals games it televises and one of the conference&#xA;  finals each year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that there is no accounting for additional &quot;per-game&quot; payments, so the two broadcast partners of the NBA are paying a flat fee every year for the entire package of games (both regular season and playoffs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2017-10-16T04:30:39.247" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T04:30:39.247" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17140" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17141" CreationDate="2017-10-16T20:15:36.807" Score="4" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;Art. 2.4.3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA official rules&lt;/a&gt; (approved 4th July 2017) says that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The free-throw line shall be drawn parallel to each endline. It shall&#xA;  have its furthest edge 5.80 m from the inner edge of the endline and&#xA;  shall be 3.60 m long&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in Diagram 2 of the same rules, the free-throw line is 4.9 m long (and not 3.6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T20:48:49.110" Title="Free-throw lines length" Tags="|rules|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17140" CreationDate="2017-10-16T20:48:49.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That 4.9 m line in Diagram 2 is the &lt;em&gt;extended&lt;/em&gt; free-throw line, used for defining the restricted area. The centre 3.6 m of that line, where it joins the free-throw semi-circle, is the free-throw line itself. When taking a free throw, a player must&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Take a position behind the free-throw line and inside the semi-circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Art 43.2.3). If they took a position behind either of the 0.65 m extensions of the free-throw line, they would be in an incorrect position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T20:48:49.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-17T09:51:17.457" Score="5" ViewCount="1004" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a wicketkeeper throws one of their gloves on the ground to pick up the ball and throw it more easily, then chases after the ball and picks it up and throws it to the stumps, can another fielder put on the glove at the stumps to receive the wicketkeeper's throw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14152" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T20:06:42.907" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T20:06:42.907" Title="Can a fielder use the wicketkeeper's glove if the wicketkeeper has discarded it during play?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17142" CreationDate="2017-10-17T10:06:24.340" Score="5" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Laws are extremely clear on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 27.1 on protective equipment says that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[t]he wicket-keeper is the only fielder permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 28.1 on protective equipment repeats this exact statement, and further says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[i]n addition, protection for the hand or fingers may be worn only with the consent of the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T10:06:24.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17146" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-17T19:13:01.713" Score="4" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there studies that shows significant link between repetitive heading and brain injuries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T11:20:21.283" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T11:21:05.870" Title="Are there studies that shows significant link between repetitive heading and brain injuries?" Tags="|football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5465" CreationDate="2017-10-17T20:37:13.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a more comprehensive answer which includes not just matches in the group and knockout stages played between 2 teams in a single edition but also match replays which were used as tie-breakers prior to the 1978 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy 1 - 1 Spain (quarter-finals), Italy 1 - 0 Spain (replay)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Switzerland 1 - 1 Germany (round of 16), Switzerland 4 -2 Germany (replay)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cuba 3 - 3 Romania (round of 16), Cuba 2 - 1 Romania (replay)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brazil 1 - 1 Czechoslovakia (quarter-finals), Brazil 2 - 1 Czechoslovakia (replay)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Germany 4 - 1 Turkey (group 2), West Germany 7 - 2 Turkey (group stage play-off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Switzerland 2 - 1 Italy (group 4), Switzerland 4 - 1 Italy (group stage play-off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hungary 8 - 3 West Germany (group 2), Hungary 2 - 3 West Germany (final)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Northern Ireland 1 - 0 Czechoslovakia (group 1), Northern Ireland 2 - 1 Czechoslovakia (group stage play-off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hungary 1 - 1 Wales (group 3), Hungary 1 - 2 Wales (group stage play-off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soviet Union 2 - 2 England (group 4), Soviet Union 1 - 0 England (group stage play-off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brazil 0 - 0 Czechoslovakia (group 3), Brazil 3 - 1 Czechoslovakia (final)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy 0 - 0 Poland (group 1), Italy 2 - 0 Poland (semi-finals)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brazil 1 - 1 Sweden (group B), Brazil 1 - 0 Sweeden (semi-finals)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brazil 2 - 1 Turkey (group C), Brazil 1 - 0 Turkey (semi-finals)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium 1 - 0 England (group G), Belgium - England (third place play-off)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: &lt;strong&gt;Bold&lt;/strong&gt; indicates games played first in the group stage and then in the knockout stage as the original question asks.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14155" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T11:15:27.290" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T11:15:27.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-17T21:12:10.600" Score="1" ViewCount="713" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the prize calculated when there are half-winning or half-losing or refund states in a multibet form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it matter if more than one bet is a half-winner or a half-loser, or a combination of both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this change if any of the bets should be refunded (regardless of reason for the refund)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14156" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-26T08:57:01.463" LastActivityDate="2017-12-26T08:57:01.463" Title="How are half-winning or half-losing or refund states treated in a multibet form?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17157" CreationDate="2017-10-17T23:06:35.067" Score="1" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitcher &quot;A&quot; completes an inning. Pitcher &quot;B&quot; comes in to start the following inning. Question, when is pitcher &quot;A&quot; officially removed from the game, or when does the pitching change officially occur?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14157" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T13:18:04.687" Title="Pitching mlb baseball" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17150" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-18T01:22:11.500" Score="6" ViewCount="1939" Body="&lt;p&gt;So this is how my high school basketball team system works: There are two teams, frosh-soph and varsity. Varsity is mainly for juniors and seniors, but every year, a few good sophomores get bumped up to varsity. I happened to be one of them this year. While tryouts haven't officially begun yet, the varsity coach told me to come to their open gyms and says that I will end up trying out for the varsity team (if I get cut from varsity, I automatically go to frosh-soph). After 2 months of open gym, I realized that I do not want to play for varsity. First of all, the conditioning and practices are extremely long and tough, and I have to take a deep nap after practice before I even start on my huge homework load. I also like the frosh-soph coach much more, and I have more friends in frosh-soph. Most importantly, I doubt playing varsity will be a lot of fun, since I will not get that many minutes, and it will be too tough for me overall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I tell the varsity coach that I want to move back down, without hurting my chances for making varsity next year(as a junior)? Although I am a good player, I am afraid that he will see the desire to move down as a sign of weakness and not wanting to get better. Overall, I just think that playing varsity will have more cons than pros.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14158" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T21:52:42.757" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T23:18:42.613" Title="How to tell the coach that I don't want to play varsity?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17153" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-18T05:01:32.867" Score="2" ViewCount="1008" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/game?gameId=371017116&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;October 17, 2017 Chicago Cubs v Los Angeles Dodgers&lt;/a&gt;, two Cubs runners occupied third base at the same time in the ninth inning. The Dodgers' third baseman tagged the second runner first, and then the first runner. The umpires called neither out. It did not seem that play was dead but apparently the umpires thought it was.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please clarify the rule on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14160" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-18T07:00:53.817" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T08:56:43.887" Title="Two runners on same base" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17150" CreationDate="2017-10-18T06:49:16.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This will be a long comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best thing you could do is to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;have a discussion with your coach about this issue&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and be confident on why you want to drop down. Is there anything that may cause you to reconsider is worth noting and may help in discussion. If I am a coach and someone comes to me and says I don't want to play ..., the first question I would ask is &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt;, so be able to explain that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, just explain him why moving down will be a better move for you and how it helps in you getting better. If you show consistency, improvement in your performance it will not affect your chances of making varsity next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T06:49:16.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17153" CreationDate="2017-10-18T08:56:43.887" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/playbyplay?gameId=371017116&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;full play-by-play of the game&lt;/a&gt;, the hit by Albert Almora Jr. was a ground-rule double. This is due to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/PWSullivan/status/656652072201224192/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&amp;amp;ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsports%2Fcolumnists%2Fct-wrigley-field-ivy-appetite-for-baseballs-20151021-column.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ground rule at Wrigley Field that any ball which lodges in the ivy is automatically a double&lt;/a&gt;, so the play was dead. The umpires were (as is almost always the case) completely correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T08:56:43.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17150" CreationDate="2017-10-18T09:55:26.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is going to be a bit direct. Please take it as constructive criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First of all, the conditioning and practices are extremely long and tough&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the idea. You'll get fitter and therefore be a better player by doing them. When it gets to double overtime in a playoff game, you'll appreciate those minutes doing conditioning because you'll have the extra step on the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Most importantly, I doubt playing varsity will be a lot of fun, since I will not get that many minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds like a decision to prioritise game time and fun over the hard graft of practice. &lt;strong&gt;This is a valid decision for you to make&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's probably not the decision which is going to make you the best player you can be in the long run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;and it will be too tough for me overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't get better by being in your comfort zone. You get better by it being tough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do I tell the varsity coach that I want to move back down, without hurting my chances for making varsity next year (as a junior)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, you can't. What your varsity coach is saying to you is &quot;put the hard work in this year, you'll be a better player next year&quot;. It's up to you whether you take that option, or you take the easy option of playing on the frosh-soph team - that may well be more fun in the short term, but you need to think about what you want in the longer term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T09:55:26.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17149" CreationDate="2017-10-18T13:18:04.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitching change officially occurs when the new pitcher takes the mound. For example, let's say Pitcher A finishes a half inning with his team losing. During the next half inning, his team takes the lead and the manager either pinch-hits for Pitcher A or decides to put in Pitcher B to pitch next, Pitcher A would still get a Win assuming his team maintains the lead they got.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T13:18:04.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17158" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17174" CreationDate="2017-10-18T14:47:27.790" Score="2" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the angle of the paddle offset a spin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say you wanted to push the ball rather than spin, can you angle the paddle in a certain way such that it will offset the spin, and able to push the ball at a high velocity? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T02:23:41.047" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T02:23:41.047" Title="Can the angle of the paddle offset a spin?" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17159" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-18T15:42:47.810" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am starting to train for muay thai / boxing, and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if there is any weight restriction for gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14162" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T10:25:47.560" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T03:55:20.910" Title="Gloves weight for muay thai/boxing training" Tags="|rules|equipment|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17150" CreationDate="2017-10-18T15:49:37.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your coach only sees one bit of your life.  You know all the bits of your life.  You may only be a sophomore but no one knows you better than you.  You are the person (along with parents) who decides what the balance among school, athletics, and social life should look like for you.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you opt not to participate this year there will be consequences both good and bad, but you also aren't a fortune teller.  Your coach might not promote you to varsity next year because you chose not to play this year.  Or he might respect your decision to focus on balance this year.  Or all the other sophomores might become freaking awesome over the course of the year and pass you by.  You can only make a decision with the information at hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you feel you can discuss this with your coach you should.  Part of adulting is having the courage to tell people what you want for yourself over what they want for you.  And @Ram Chandra Giri is right.  You need to be prepared with why you don't want to play Varsity this year and what you do want to do instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that prospect is overly daunting because you aren't there yet or you know your coach would not be receptive here is trick I gave/give my kids to use:  &quot;My mom won't let me.&quot;  When my teenagers feel like they can not say no to a particular person I ask them if they want me to tell them they cannot do it.  And sometimes they do.   The burden of saying &quot;I want to do X&quot; gets shared with your parents.  &quot;My parents want X&quot; is easier to say as a young person.  (Obviously this trick is easy at age 12, harder at 15, and counterproductive at age 18.  So be judicious.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds like you have thought a lot of this through.  Own the choice and the consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T23:18:42.613" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T23:18:42.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17158" CreationDate="2017-10-18T18:11:22.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To remove spin from the ball, you have to give it exactly the same amount of spin in the exact opposite direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be achieved by several means, such as stroke direction, speed, and of course, angle. The particular combination of those factors needed depends on the spin itself, and angle will always play a part; it may not be possible to always eliminate a need for speed however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T18:11:22.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-19T00:47:39.900" Score="12" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2018/matches/round=2000881/match=2021628/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League match&lt;/a&gt; between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.L._Benfica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benfica&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manchester United&lt;/a&gt; that happened on Oct 18, 2017, Rashford took a freekick, the Benfica goalkeeper misjudged the angle and trajectory of the freekick and carried the ball inside the goal. The referee was standing very far away, but even then he knew the ball had crossed and I think he said so by pointing to his watch. Why did he do that? Does the ball have some sort of GPS tracker that relays to the watch? Can someone explain this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14165" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-20T10:53:46.727" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T10:53:46.727" Title="In the Benfica vs Man Utd match, why did the referee point to his watch after the goal?" Tags="|football|officiating|uefa|champions-league|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17163" CreationDate="2017-10-19T04:26:52.853" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The UEFA Champion's League uses goal-line technology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an automated system which detects the moment the ball has crossed the goal-line under the crossbar. It sends a signal to the referee via a wrist-mounted alarm unit to show a goal has been scored. This reduces the reliance on precise visual judgements from bad angles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee indicated that the GLT unit had already signalled a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T04:26:52.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17163" CreationDate="2017-10-19T04:27:43.350" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The watch is the part of Goal Line Technology system,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under IFAB &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/goal-line-technology-(glt)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAW 1 - THE FIELD OF PLAY&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;GOAL LINE TECHNOLOGY (GLT)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The indication of whether a goal has been scored must be immediate and automatically confirmed within one second by the GLT system only to the match officials (&lt;strong&gt;via the referee’s watch, by vibration and visual signal&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the technology employed is &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/resource-hub/certified-product-database/goal-line-technology/installations/176&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye&lt;/a&gt; based provided by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hawkeyeinnovations.com/products/ball-tracking/goal-line-technology&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye Innovations Limited&lt;/a&gt;, to know how it works watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://vimeo.com/154988366&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YsASJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YsASJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;glt referee&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sVRfo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sVRfo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;glt watch&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2012/march/GoalRef-Goal-Line-Technology-Advances-to-Final.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;fraunhofer.de&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/about-goal-line-technology/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;football-technology.fifa&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T05:44:01.633" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T05:44:01.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21059" CreationDate="2017-10-19T17:41:11.600" Score="6" ViewCount="1206" Body="&lt;p&gt;About how much does all the gear that a (professional) baseball catcher wears weigh? I know some are made of light-weight material but I'd still like to know about how much it all weighs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T06:46:43.587" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T00:07:04.303" Title="Approximately how much does a catcher's gear weigh?" Tags="|baseball|equipment|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17167" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-20T01:51:33.373" Score="4" ViewCount="449" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an airborne receiver heading out of bounds reaches out and breaks the plane of the end zone with the ball, moments after the ball was held outside the field of play (over the sideline), shouldn't the ball be called dead at the point it went over the sideline? Only seems fair, if the ball can cause a touchdown by going over the end zone (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://mobile.twitter.com/NFL/status/921174959354822656/video/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KC vs. Oakland 10/19/17&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14170" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T09:37:18.577" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T04:22:44.580" Title="Airborne receiver heading out of bounds" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-20T02:03:33.070" Score="6" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brand new to sports betting here, and am wondering if there is a technical difference between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;oddsmaker&lt;/em&gt;; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;betmaker&lt;/em&gt;; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;sportsbook&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These terms seem interchangeable on some sites/documents, yet seem to be &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; different concepts on others. I'm talking about legal betting organizations here, not backroom bookies, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14171" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T04:35:04.980" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T09:04:05.350" Title="Oddsmakers, Betmakers and Sportsbooks: Who does what?" Tags="|terminology|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17170" CreationDate="2017-10-20T10:25:26.937" Score="3" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brand new to sportsbetting here, and am trying to understand something. Does the oddsmaker/betmaker ever stand to lose money, or do they structure their offered bets in such a way that they &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; make money no matter what the result is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say you have Team A playing Team B, and an oddsmaker offers a bet on this game with a limit of, say $25 on it. For this question, I don't &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; the odds actually matter at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's keep it simple and pretend that only 5 people place bets on this game. Each and every one of them bets on Team A at the max bet limit of $25. That's 5 x $25 = &lt;strong&gt;$125&lt;/strong&gt; the betmaker now has in her pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A wins. If I understand things correctly here, I believe that they are now owed -- from the betmaker -- two times their original bet (so $25 x 2 = &lt;strong&gt;$50&lt;/strong&gt;). This means 5 bettors need to be paid out $50 each, for a total of &lt;strong&gt;$250&lt;/strong&gt;. In this scenario, this betmaker is at a loss of $125 - $250 = &lt;strong&gt;-$125&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if they take a 10% vig/juice, they're still out of pocket and at a loss on this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I ask: does this happen all the time, or are bets always structured in such a way that the betmaker &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; takes a loss on a bet? If so, how does this &quot;&lt;em&gt;lossless&lt;/em&gt;&quot; bet structure work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14171" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T11:42:15.103" Title="Do sportsbooks structure &quot;lossless&quot; bets?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17169" CreationDate="2017-10-20T14:13:59.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure to which extent this will be satisfactory answer for you, but basically short answer is that this might happen but bookmakers have some tools they might use to reduce their losses or at least to make scenario you describe less probable. Namely, after some initial bets are placed, the bookmaker then adjusts the odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should add that situation is in reality more complicated than this, since bookmakers offer possibility of multiple bets. And also bookmaker typically offers many events, so they can in fact afford loss on one match if they win on many others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, for the sake of simplicity, let us ignore this and let us consider the situation when the bookmaker only offers this match. The way you described it, the odds on Team A are 2.00. (Since you mentioned payout to be twice the wager. I am using &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_odds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;decimal odds&lt;/a&gt;.) The odds on Team B might be, for example, around 1.80. (If the odds on both teams were exactly 2.00, bookmaker would make no profit when the same amount is put on both teams. So the odds on Team B will be definitely lower than 2.00.)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at the moment bookmaker can lose some money if Team A wins. Bookmaker wants to make profit whatever the outcome is. So they want to people to bet also on Team B. What can they do to encourage them to do that? They simply increase odds on Team B and decrease odds on Team A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To continue with your example, let us say that the bookmaker changes odds to 1.70 on Team A and 1.90 on Team B. If the two teams are roughly of the same strength, the bettors are going to be more reluctant to make bet on Team A for lower ods. And they will be more likely to place bet on Team B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this change of odds was enough to make bettors to place 130$ on Team B, situation is now marginally profitable for the bookmaker. (They have 125+130=255. Depending on the result, they have to pay out either 125x2=250 or 130x1.9=247.) At this moment the bookmaker can adjust line again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality the changes are not going to be that abrupt. And I assume that the whole thing is much more complicated than this simplistic example. Still, as far as I can tell, something like this is actually used. You can have a look at answers to this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://stats.stackexchange.com/q/26413&quot;&gt;How do bookmakers select their opening odds?&lt;/a&gt;. In my answer I included quotes from an interview with actual trader which gives at least a very brief insight into how they create and adjust the odds. And, of course, other answers might be interesting too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might also compare this with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betting_exchange&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;betting exchanges&lt;/a&gt;, which actually work in such way that they are guaranteed to earn some profit. (They do not accept a wager straight away, only after another customer matches it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; In general if odds on two-way event are a and b, exactly when 1/a+1/b=1 it is possible to place bets in such way that bookmaker does not make any profit. (For example, if a=b=2 and bets on each outcome are the same, then the profit is zero. Or if a=1.5 and b=3, then by betting on the first outcome twice the amount as on the second outcome, neither bettor nor the bookmaker makes any profit.) So in general you will see bookmakers offering odds slightly lower than this. That is you will have 1/a+1/b&gt;1. Since I mentioned also betting exchanges, the formula 1/a+1/b=1 expresses in that case when a bet is matched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-21T11:42:15.103" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T11:42:15.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17167" CreationDate="2017-10-20T19:56:02.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the ball shouldn't be called dead because it is still a live ball. The goal line does not work the same way as the boundary lines. To be down out of bounds, a ball must make physical contact with the ground outside the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. BALL OUT OF BOUNDS&#xA;  Item 1: Ball in Player Possession. A ball that is in player possession is out of bounds when the runner is out of bounds, or when the ball touches a boundary line or anything that is on or outside such line, except another player or an official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T19:56:02.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17167" CreationDate="2017-10-21T04:22:44.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules applicable to this question are,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#rule-7.-ball-in-play,-dead-ball,-scrimmage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RULE 7 BALL IN PLAY, DEAD BALL, SCRIMMAGE: SECTION 2 DEAD BALL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. DEAD BALL DECLARED. An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(e) when a runner is out of bounds&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(k) when a touchdown, touchback, safety, field goal, or Try has been made&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(o) when the ball is out of bounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#section-21-out-of-bounds,-inbounds,-and-inbounds-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Definition of out of bound&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. PLAYER OR OFFICIAL OUT OF BOUNDS&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;A player or an Official is Out of Bounds when he touches a boundary line, or when he touches anything that is on or outside a boundary line, except a player, an official, or a pylon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. BALL OUT OF BOUNDS&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Item 1: Ball in Player Possession.&lt;/strong&gt;  A ball that is in player possession is out of bounds when the runner is out of bounds, or when the ball touches a boundary line or anything that is on or outside such line, except another player or an official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which clearly suggest that the &lt;strong&gt;ball is not dead as neither runner nor ball is out of bound&lt;/strong&gt; (see definition). But the ball is dead after referee awards a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T04:22:44.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17158" CreationDate="2017-10-21T04:52:50.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allabouttabletennis.com/table-tennis-techniques-spin.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;allabouttabletennis.com&lt;/a&gt; article,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever you hit the ball near its equator with your racket at a 90° angle, the ball will travel forwards more and have less, or no, spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/f57EC.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/f57EC.gif&quot; alt=&quot;angle&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when you brush your racket against the ball at an angle of less than 90° using an upward, downward or sideways movement, the ball will spin more and not travel as far forward.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5UkmK.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5UkmK.gif&quot; alt=&quot;spin&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T04:52:50.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17175" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-21T05:59:05.320" Score="7" ViewCount="7159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it allowed to hit the basketball towards the ground in a way that it bounces up and over the defender so that I race past the defender and when the ball hits the ground I resume dribbling under my shoulder?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14176" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-21T07:25:11.010" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T16:01:00.733" Title="Can I bounce the ball over someone and resume dribbling it below my shoulder in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17159" CreationDate="2017-10-23T06:16:51.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two ways to approach this question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What the rules permit for your weight class&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What your training instructor recommend&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The World Muay Thai Council's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wmcmuaythai.org/about-muaythai/muaythai-rules/3-gloves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; state in section 3.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;3.3&lt;/em&gt;. The glove sizes for competitions are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The boxers between the Mini Flyweight division and the Featherweight division must use the gloves of six (6) ounces (132&#xA;  grams).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The boxers between the Super Featherweight division and the Welterweight division must use the gloves of eight (8) ounces (227&#xA;  grams).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The boxers between the Super Welterweight division and over must use the gloves of ten (10) ounces (284 grams).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usmta.com/usmta-rules-regs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USMTA&lt;/a&gt; also uses rules listed above, with this addendum for section 3.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gloves at 12 oz, 14oz, 16oz, 18oz can be used for higher weights.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The weight of the leather shall not be more than half of the total&#xA;  glove weight, including the internal cushioning, which should always&#xA;  be in good condition. The laces are to be tied at the back of the&#xA;  wrist band. Gloves with Velcro fastening may also be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems that you'd need gloves of at least 10 oz. for competition - perhaps larger ones if required for your weight class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you should consult with your trainer/instructor to determine what type of gloves you should use for training. Perhaps he/she might want you to use heavier gloves to work on endurance, or gloves with more padding for protection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T06:16:51.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17184" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-23T13:35:48.840" Score="6" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 22nd October 2017, the Dallas Cowboys's kicker, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bailey_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Bailey&lt;/a&gt;, was injured during &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId=400951619&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;their game against the San Francisco 49ers&lt;/a&gt;. For the rest of the game, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nfl/2017/10/22/cowboys-safety-jeff-heath-backup-kicker-dan-bailey&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;strong safety Jeff Heath handled the kicking duties&lt;/a&gt;. While Heath kicked for his high school team, had he done any kicking practice since then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14186" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T14:17:54.000" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T18:57:53.603" Title="Did the Dallas Cowboys's Jeff Heath practice kicking at all since high school?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17184" CreationDate="2017-10-23T18:57:53.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallascowboys.com/news/2017/10/22/bailey-hurt-heath-makes-kicking-cameo-first-time-high-school&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the official Cowboys site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Heath] got a little [kicking] practice in training camp and last October&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and from &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/10/22/jeff-heath-has-longest-kick-by-non-kicker-since-1979/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBC Sports&lt;/a&gt;, referring to the &quot;last October&quot; incident above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Heath did kick during practice the following week, the first time he had kicked with a snapper and a holder since high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so he has definitely practiced since high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T18:57:53.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-24T19:05:57.863" Score="2" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;During October 2017, a football game in Thailand went to twenty (20) rounds of sudden death in kicks from the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The twentieth kick for the team going first hit the crossbar and deflected high into the air. As the goalkeeper celebrated the miss, the ball landed and bounced. The spin it picked up from the deflection caused movement towards the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It crossed the line before the goalkeeper could realise and reach it. The officials awarded a goal (shown by signal in video). The opposing team missed their next shot and lost the match because of the strange penalty being scored. The BBC have a video of this incident &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41728826&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the referee correct in law and in best practice to award such a goal? Does the losing team have any right to appeal the result due to the &quot;error in law&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-10-24T20:22:09.203" LastActivityDate="2017-10-24T20:22:09.203" Title="A strange kick from the penalty mark scored: should a goal be given?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|tie-breaker|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-10-25T06:39:05.817" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17270" CreationDate="2017-10-25T04:30:35.250" Score="0" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;In watching a football game, someone may want to pick out a particular player and watch him or her for most of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They may see that, based on their previous field experience, they are comfortable in any position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does a person with an unusual talent in balance (as in the kinesthetic ability) better belong on the field? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14190" LastEditorUserId="14190" LastEditDate="2017-10-25T09:43:49.650" LastActivityDate="2017-11-09T10:21:03.243" Title="Based on physical attributes, what is a better position?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-11-13T09:14:29.177" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-25T05:09:07.643" Score="5" ViewCount="620" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have come across a lot of Rediff articles, where they give MVPI rankings. Before a series, after a series, IPL etc. How do they calculate this? What is the formula? What are parameters of the formula?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14191" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T14:22:10.440" LastActivityDate="2018-10-06T11:00:12.900" Title="How does Rediff calculate MVPI (Most valuable player index) for IPL?" Tags="|cricket|ranking|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-25T05:19:36.777" Score="10" ViewCount="1073" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0X2K1dQIUg&amp;amp;t=0m33s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;, Neymar does a double step-over from a dead stop by adding a touch, finishing with a body feint. What is this skill move called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14190" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-12T13:17:07.833" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T20:01:15.203" Title="What is this skill move performed by Neymar called?" Tags="|football|terminology|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-25T14:12:30.577" Score="3" ViewCount="790" Body="&lt;p&gt;If suppose a batsman running between the wickets. On the time of ball hitting the stumps by the fielder. The bat reached inside the crease but the bat was free from the batsman hand. What will be the decision there by umpire??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14192" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-10-25T15:16:51.630" LastActivityDate="2017-10-25T16:26:06.367" Title="Running between the wickets rule" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17192" CreationDate="2017-10-25T14:34:32.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on when the hand and the bat became separated. If the bat became separated &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the batsman made their ground, then the batsman is out as they never made their ground. If the batsman made their ground with their bat but then dropped the bat, they are considered to still be in their ground; quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-batsman-out-of-hisher-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a batsman shall not be considered to be out of his/her ground if, in running or diving towards his/her ground and beyond, and having grounded some part of his/her person or bat beyond the popping crease, there is subsequent loss of contact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;between the bat and person, provided that the batsman has continued movement in the same direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-25T14:34:32.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17195" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-26T10:30:16.490" Score="4" ViewCount="3581" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11 - Offside, Section 2 - Offside Offence&lt;/a&gt; it says that an offside-positioned player is penalised for offside if they have considered to have gained an advantage by &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar, match official or an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;been deliberately saved by any opponent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a defender attempts to intercept a ball that has been played to an offside-positioned attacker who is through on goal, but miskicks it directly into the attacker's path, does this count as a deliberate save?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is the case, is the attacker penalised for being in an offside position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13128" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-11-08T02:52:48.987" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T02:57:30.600" Title="What counts as a deliberate save for offside?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2017-11-02T06:21:01.063" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17195" CreationDate="2017-10-26T10:53:37.807" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is tricky without being able to actually see the action, but it sounds to me like the attacker was &quot;interfering with an opponent&quot; and therefore offside. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;interfering with an opponent by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;challenging an opponent for the ball or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;clearly attempting to play a ball which is close to him when this action impacts on an opponent or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If none of those conditions applied, you then need the definition of a &quot;save&quot; which is (from later in Law 11.2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't sound like the ball was going into or very close to the goal, so you were incorrect to state this was a save, and similarly you would be incorrect to state that an attempt to save a throw-in is a save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T10:53:37.807" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16707" CreationDate="2017-10-26T13:54:35.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;bras&quot; contain a small pouch in the back which is used to hold a small GPS device. This device records many different variables such as average speed, distance traveled, fastest recorded sprint, and areas of the pitch that said player has traveled to. The bras are perhaps the most popular method to hold this device but vests and sleeveless shirts are also popular options amongst players who do not enjoy the tight fit of a sports bra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14196" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T14:44:04.043" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T14:44:04.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17195" CreationDate="2017-10-27T00:01:33.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a deliberate save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11 - Offside, Section 2 - Offside Offence&lt;/a&gt; continues on to state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a save, since the ball is not going into the goal or very close to the goal. Since this is not a save, but is still a deliberate play of the ball, the attacker is now free to play the ball without being penalised for offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-11-08T02:57:30.600" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T02:57:30.600" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17199" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-27T10:33:14.150" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has long been team &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/news/thursday-night-football-ratings-contract-nfl-end-rumor/1jp6mqomh6yht15k5cy40oqsx3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;discomfort&lt;/a&gt; in Thursday night and international games because teams have a reduced rest period.  A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/espn/page2/story/_/page/simmonsnfl2010%2Fbyeweek/sportCat/nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2 bye-weeks schedule was attempted in 1993&lt;/a&gt;, but was dropped, it seemed in large part due to the excessive disruption within each team's schedule.  Thoughts of expanding to an 18 game schedule (likely removing two preseason games) were hinted at by Roger Goodell during the 2016 season, &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/10/29/nflpa-bracing-for-eventual-push-for-18-games/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;but were tabled for the time being&lt;/a&gt;.  The big barrier was likely player agreement given the increase in games played and wear-and-tear on the bodies, but an additional issue was that the scheduling would become imbalanced relative to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_regular_season#Scheduling_formula&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;symmetric format&lt;/a&gt; used now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the NFL instead added 4 extra weeks to the season made up of 3 games and a second bye week, it would&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allow teams to maintain a symmetric schedule (either by adding a second intra-conference division or matchups with equal position teams in the opposite conference)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increase the overall game-to-rest ratio&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allow the NFL to schedule bye weeks for teams the week before playing in Thursday night games, as well as adjacent to international games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allow weeks of the preseason to be eaten up, and also expand the season further into one of the seemingly-ripest &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-deadest-sports-days-of-the-year/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lull periods&lt;/a&gt; (particularly in the less bustling cool season) in American sports, January and February.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any complications, other than the player concerns of adding more games, that would hinder this scheduling change option?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-10-28T12:16:53.810" LastActivityDate="2017-10-29T04:04:18.873" Title="What would prevent the NFL from expanding to a 19 game season?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-28T02:55:54.373" Score="4" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/4/0/224919040/2017_Official_Baseball_Rules_dbt69t59.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;, 3.02(c):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The bat handle, for not more than 18 inches from its end, may be&#xA;  covered or treated with any material or substance to improve the grip.&#xA;  Any such material or substance that extends past the 18- inch&#xA;  limitation shall cause the bat to be removed from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, during tonight's World Series game, LA Dodgers player Turner was using the bat below. Clearly, you can see a shiny substance on the bat, which looks consistent with pine tar. Would this not be an illegal bat according to the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6fENf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6fENf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bat&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-10-28T03:10:32.090" LastActivityDate="2017-10-28T03:10:32.090" Title="Is this bat with shiny substance consistent with pine tar legal?" Tags="|rules|baseball|equipment|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17199" CreationDate="2017-10-28T05:15:58.217" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the moment (2017) the agreement of the NFL Player's Association (NFLPA) is the &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; roadblock that would preclude changes in the structure of the season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is that the union negotiated the limits to the regular season in the last Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA). Article 31 of the 2011-2020 NFL/NFLPA CBA states that (&lt;a href=&quot;https://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/collective-bargaining-agreement-2011-2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 31 ADDITIONAL REGULAR SEASON GAMES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The  League  and/or  Clubs  &lt;strong&gt;may  increase  the  number  of  regular &#xA;  season  games  per  Team above the standard of sixteen (16) only with&#xA;  NFLPA approval, which may be withheld at the NFLPA’s sole discretion.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the change to 18 regular season games scheduled above can't happen unless the NFL negotiates with the NFLPA and gains the union's agreement, as stipulated in the CBA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players and the union might agree to a longer regular season schedule only if they gain additional concessions from the league (e.g., more money, better pensions, etc.). Most likely, any changes to the schedule will come with changes to the next CBA (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/10/29/nflpa-bracing-for-eventual-push-for-18-games/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; as one example):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With 256 current regular-season contests drawing fewer viewers, one&#xA;  very simple way to pad the total numbers will be to add another 32&#xA;  games, which would carry with it two more weekends of prime-time&#xA;  action. Even if there are fewer total viewers or the same number of&#xA;  viewers watching less football (I still can’t figure out which one is&#xA;  worse), giving them more football increases the chances that any given&#xA;  prime-time game will be more compelling, more competitive, more&#xA;  exciting, and generally less Jaguars-Titany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ultimately, it won’t happen unless the union agrees.&lt;/strong&gt; Although the&#xA;  official position for years has been one of total disinterest and at&#xA;  times outright refusal, &lt;strong&gt;the NFLPA realizes that everything is&#xA;  negotiable&lt;/strong&gt;. With, for example, larger rosters, a bigger piece of the&#xA;  pie to pay all players, and maybe a few other concessions (neutral&#xA;  arbitration, anyone?), the players could be willing to accept the&#xA;  terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2017-10-29T04:04:18.873" LastActivityDate="2017-10-29T04:04:18.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17203" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-28T16:03:21.477" Score="2" ViewCount="1622" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't remember the last time I saw a playoff series in the NBA, NHL or MLB use the 2-2-1-1-1 format (as opposed to the 2-3-2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the motivation. Usually the travel distances are so great, even with LA currently playing the Houston Astros. But what if the Mets played the Yankees? Would they use 2-2-1-1-1? I miss it. It also feels like that is a more fair approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-10-28T20:00:34.490" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:33:32.073" Title="Does the 2-2-1-1-1 format get used in 7-game series anymore?" Tags="|mlb|nba|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17205" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-29T14:22:08.353" Score="5" ViewCount="1666" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose in doubles match during the play if the shuttlecock is in mid air then is the player allowed to change the racket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10961" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T00:45:59.903" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T00:45:59.903" Title="Is it legal to change the badminton racket during play" Tags="|rules|badminton|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17206" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-29T15:11:18.053" Score="2" ViewCount="1686" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under FIBA 2017 new rules, the action in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6MaGFy5I_0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; is described as a legal action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, art. 25.2.1, says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If receiving the ball the player shall release the ball to start his&#xA;  dribble before his second step&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video the player does not release the ball before the second step. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, as I interpret the rule, a player that receives the ball shall (=must, right?) release the ball to start his dribble before his second step. So after receiving the ball he cannot shoot, he must release it before he takes the second step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What am I missing?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If in that situation the player does not shoot, so he is at his second step with the ball in his hands, what else he can do if he can't dribble because it's too late to release the ball? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T21:02:03.670" Title="FIBA 2017 new traveling rule: Pass No Dribble Lay Up Legal Action" Tags="|rules|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17203" CreationDate="2017-10-29T21:19:55.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the NHL still uses the 2-2-1-1-1 format. Three of the series in the most recent playoffs went to seven games and followed that format (PIT vs WAS in Eastern Semi Finals, ANA vs EDM in Western Semi Finals and OTT vs PIT in the Eastern Finals)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12493" LastActivityDate="2017-10-29T21:19:55.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17205" CreationDate="2017-10-29T22:06:20.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal to change the racket during play. From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/RTTO/Part%20II%20Section%202%20-%20RTTO%20-%20November%202016%20-%20Revised.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Recommendation to Technical Officials (RTTO)&lt;/a&gt; §3.5.4.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...) change of a racket at courtside during a rally is permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice the &lt;em&gt;at courtside&lt;/em&gt;: At a tournament, there will be two boxes per side into which the players must put all their stuff. The players are allowed to lay out a new racket on top of the box. At a lower-level tournament, these might be wash baskets, marked lines, or simply &quot;somewhere close to the netpost&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These boxes are where players get new rackets. They may also ask a coach to fetch a racket for them and take the racket off the coach near the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But outside the intervals (at 11 and between games), players must stay courtside (which means on the court or at most a couple of meters from it). In other words, going to the changing room or local badminton store during a rally is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, racket changes during play happen quite regularly. For instance, here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msMWIXqMFi8&amp;amp;t=10s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 minute compilation video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2019-07-14T10:22:46.387" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T10:22:46.387" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17428" CreationDate="2017-10-30T00:28:05.027" Score="6" ViewCount="946" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does different rubbers effect the table tennis ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of pimpled rubber,or bouncy rubber, or tacky rubber?&#xA;How does thickness of rubber come into play? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2017-11-18T12:47:17.563" LastActivityDate="2023-08-04T21:03:07.440" Title="The effect of various rubbers on table tennis ball" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17203" CreationDate="2017-10-30T08:47:03.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;NBA used to be 2-3-2, but has moved back to 2-2-1-1-1 since 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the leagues using it (NHL/NBA) don't normally schedule back-to-back games during the playoffs.  So the impact of the travel day is reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball tends to prefer several games in a row.  4 travel days between 7 games would be an unusual pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-11-02T15:33:32.073" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:33:32.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17215" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-30T09:49:50.680" Score="4" ViewCount="752" Body="&lt;p&gt;While real starting pistols are no longer used in track and field events, the electronic pistols used now still have a certain degree of uncertainty as runners cannot be fully sure when it would actually fire. This leaves some things to chance as runners who successfully gamble on starting before hearing the sound get a small advantage initially. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why not solve the issue completely by making the starting sound 100% predictable? Events could use a system similar to motor sports where a set of three lights in fixed intervals indicate when the race begins. This would make it possible for athletes to reliably predict when to push off and leave absolutely nothing to chance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14211" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T18:27:02.183" Title="Why not make the starting pistol predictable in running competitions?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17216" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-30T01:11:45.607" Score="2" ViewCount="820" Body="&lt;p&gt;In major league baseball, what is the largest number of runs scored by a team with only one out remaining in the bottom of the last inning? I could find records only for the largest number of runs scored in the bottom of the ninth. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="CDM" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T13:27:26.913" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T13:27:26.913" Title="What is the largest number of runs scored with one out remaining in an MLB game?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17220" CreationDate="2017-10-30T18:15:03.890" Score="4" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is &quot;baseball’s magic twelve-letter word&quot;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Columnist Thomas Boswell used this term in his comment &quot;At World Series, a racist taunt fuels a stunning episode of civility&quot; in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Clearly, at least for a couple of seconds, Gurriel intended to offend Darvish, just as generations of hitters have yelled baseball’s magic twelve-letter word at pitchers after an apparent brushback, followed by a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/at-world-series-a-racist-taunt-fuels-a-stunning-episode-of-civility/2017/10/28/93c5fa9a-bc1b-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/at-world-series-a-racist-taunt-fuels-a-stunning-episode-of-civility/2017/10/28/93c5fa9a-bc1b-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13946" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T18:23:36.753" Title="What is &quot;baseball’s magic twelve-letter word&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17219" CreationDate="2017-10-30T18:23:36.753" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without wanting to bowdlerise it too much... it starts with &quot;mother&quot; and the next letter is an &quot;f&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T18:23:36.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17221" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-30T20:39:35.497" Score="3" ViewCount="783" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a fairly new fan to baseball back in the late 1970's and early 1980's I enjoyed watching pitchers like Kent Tekulve and Dan Quisenberry pitch with their submarine deliveries. At the time, I remember hearing that pitching that way is a more natural motion for the arm and shoulder, and would be less likely to cause injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, decades later I find myself coaching youth baseball. I considered teaching sidearm and even submarine delivery. However, other coaches have warned me that such deliveries can be harmful to young players. Is this true? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2017-11-09T02:48:58.363" Title="Can sidearm or submarine pitching be harmful to youth baseball players?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17215" CreationDate="2017-11-01T16:53:12.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;IAAF rule 162.2 (&quot;The start&quot;) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All races shall normally be started by the report of the Starter’s gun held upwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and 162.6 (&quot;False start&quot;) specifies that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An athlete, after assuming a full and final starting position, shall not commence his start until after receiving the report of the gun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question, I think, proposes changing this rule, and you're looking for arguments against. The IAAF rules don't offer justifications, so it's difficult to argue from grounds more specific than &quot;but that's the rules&quot;, but here are two reasons a mechanical system would &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set:&lt;/strong&gt; Races where athletes are likely to gain an advantage by anticipating the start are also in the races which include a &quot;set&quot; stage in the start sequence (&quot;To your marks,&quot; &quot;set&quot;, BANG). The rules provide for the starter verifying that all athletes are in the proper set position (also defined in the rules) before sounding the gun. They could do this before allowing a mechanical process to take over, but because the time between &quot;set&quot; and the start is the main unpredictable variable for starters, this probably wouldn't help much. In other words, to make the start truly predictable, we would need to remove the requirement that the starter verify all runners are in the &quot;set&quot; position before starting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jumping the gun:&lt;/strong&gt; The idea that the start should be predictable changes the actual race being timed. As the rules currently stand, the race starts with the athlete hearing the starting sound and ends when their torso breaks the plane of the finish line. As such, the athlete's ability to react to the starting sound efficiently and effectively is part of the event as it stands. By making the start predictable, you change the beginning of the race to being from the starting signal, and you allow the athlete to anticipate the signal (as long as they don't actually move). (I hope I've explained that change clearly enough.) This changes the race significantly on paper even if it seems like a slight change in theory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2017-11-01T16:53:12.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-02T23:48:45.093" Score="6" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently begun hitting a foam ball against the wall to improve my volleys, since I have been playing more doubles lately. I think the benefits are reduced noise and it is not so hard on my arm joints, since it is not as heavy as a regular ball. It is a lot easier to keep the volleys going too, since it's more forgiving. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do overheads, serves and volleys against a racketball court wall.  I think it's a great cardio exercise, and I have seem some improvements on my volleys; I am more aggressive at the net now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any drawbacks to hitting with the foam ball, if I still hit with the regular balls from time to time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T03:10:11.497" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:17:56.413" Title="Is hitting a foam ball against a wall in training detrimental to my tennis?" Tags="|tennis|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-03T01:35:30.387" Score="2" ViewCount="2770" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't know the difference between a nutmeg and a panna. Then I found out that Panna is a game. I was wondering if I could get the exact rules of the game Panna? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14233" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T17:44:49.220" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T17:44:49.220" Title="What is Panna (the game)" Tags="|rules|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-11-10T23:08:41.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17234" CreationDate="2017-11-03T12:08:25.570" Score="13" ViewCount="5712" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Vitoria - Marseille game, Evra was sent off before the game started. Evra was not in the list of the 11 starting players, and Marseille played with 11 men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is sent off before the game starts (and he is supposedly one of the 11 starting players), can the team substitute him before game starts and play in 11, or does the team have to play with 10 men?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T14:27:00.057" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T23:28:57.390" Title="In football, can a player sent off before the start of the game be substituted?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17232" CreationDate="2017-11-03T13:34:26.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/henrywinter/status/729675975861121024?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&amp;amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamteamfc.com%2Fc%2Farchives%2Fnews-gossip%2F155051%2Fplayers-can-now-be-sent-off-before-kick-off%2F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henry Winter's tweet&lt;/a&gt;. IFAB updated rules in 2016 and outlined some changes like this. I can't find official rules about this with quick search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Refs can now show red cards to players before kick-off for, say,&#xA;  fighting in the tunnel. (Can be replaced, so teams start with 11).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1470" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T13:34:26.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17232" CreationDate="2017-11-03T13:42:40.077" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Provided that the referee has started their pre-match inspection, they have the power to take disciplinary action against players who commit sending-off offences. &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including kicks from the penalty mark).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player commits a sending-off offence, the referee has the authority to prevent the player taking part in the match (see Law 3.6); the referee will report any other misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The described scenario is explicitly mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/players-and-substitutes-sent-off&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Laws of the Game - Law 3: The Players - 6. Players and Substitutes Sent Off&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;before submission of the team list can not be named on the team list in any capacity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after being named on the team list and before kick-off may be replaced by a named substitute, who can not be replaced; the number of substitutions the team can make is not reduced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A named substitute who is sent off before or after the kick-off may not be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if a player in the starting 11 is sent off before the game starts, &lt;strong&gt;he can be substituted&lt;/strong&gt; and the number of substitutions is not changed - although there will be one less substitute available in the technical area, as the substitute may not be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the team list has not yet been submitted to the referee, they may not be added to the list - either as a player or substitute, so the team will have a full complement of players and substitutes (they will replace a player with a substitute on the team list, and a substitute with a reserve - provided they have one available).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 2016, the team list issue was a moot point, as the referee only had the power to sanction players after entering the field at the start of the game, which is after the team list is submitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T23:28:57.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17235" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-03T13:43:53.667" Score="3" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I work for a large company with a good social focus. I'm thinking of starting a weekly pool club for the interested. I've found a decent venue where we can go to have an informal get together, but wondering how it should be organized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least to start with, I have no idea how many people will turn up, or their levels of ability. I want it to be as inclusive as possible, so the social aspect is more important than the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any experience or tips for running or attending such a club? Should we all just get down there and play it by ear, or is there some format I should consider?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14238" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T20:19:44.130" Title="Starting a social pool club at work" Tags="|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17230" CreationDate="2017-11-03T14:20:15.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can easily find them on different web resources, like for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://soccerinslowmotion.com/street-soccer-tournament/sism-panna-competition-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. As Panna is a street and freestyle game, there are no strict rules, but in a nutshell:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Game is usually played 1 vs 1 on a reduced field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Game continues 3 minutes (may be more).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A nutmeg instantly ends the game, nutmegged player loses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;During the game players can score to tiny goals from their opponent's half to increase their score by one in case if during the game no one manages to nutmeg.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes there's a time limit for an offence action (i.e one has to shoot or attempt to nutmeg say within 10 seconds), but a referee is needed to keep track of time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr_2zqf_clE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of a panna game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T14:29:57.613" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T14:29:57.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-05T15:13:56.127" Score="3" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;My brother is 16 years old and he would love to keep playing basketball after high school. Is there a way to get a scholarship to an American college to play basketball or getting into an American basketball program if someone is from Europe? Explain a way for this situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14245" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-11-05T16:16:50.817" LastActivityDate="2017-11-05T22:58:40.373" Title="Is there a way to get scholarship to play basketball in USA if someone is from Europe?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17242" CreationDate="2017-11-05T22:58:40.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general way is just the same for a European player as it is for an American player: get noticed by a college team, persuade them you're good enough. The problem for a European player is the &quot;get noticed&quot; part: while colleges have very efficient operations for finding the best high school players in the US, they do very little recruiting in Europe, just due to the costs involved for a tiny number of players. Hence you're going to have to do your own &quot;marketing&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Identify a set of colleges you're going to target. Make sure these are at the right level - there's no point targeting a Div I college unless your brother is really, &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; good (at least playing national juniors, or very close to), and similarly there's no point you targeting a Div III college as they're not allowed to give sporting scholarships.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Get your marketing material over to the colleges - game time film, recommendations from coaches, anything else you've got that shows how good your brother is.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, be very, &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; careful about anything your brother does with a professional team in Europe. The NCAA's requirements around amateur status are incredibly strict, and if you violate those requirements then you're never going to play NCAA basketball, no matter how good you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally the reality check: be prepared to accept that your brother probably isn't going to make it. Getting a college scholarship is very hard for US high school players, and even harder for Europeans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-05T22:58:40.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-06T09:38:55.397" Score="5" ViewCount="3987" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is easier to watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://vk.com/volleyball_vk?w=wall-25176770_599246&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;this video&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (vk.com, Russian social network) than explain&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Libero of Sada Cruzeiro flew to the opponent's side but &lt;strong&gt;didn't touch the court&lt;/strong&gt; with his feet. At the same time, his feet were in the opponent's &lt;strong&gt;space&lt;/strong&gt; completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules allow this, in these sections:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11.2.1 - allow penetrating&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11.2.2.1 - allow touching with a foot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11.2.2.2 - allow touching with any part of the body (excepting feet)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But also Rules has this fault-section, verbatim (but with my emphasis):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.4.3 A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's &lt;strong&gt;court&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question is: Am I right, that in the considered case libero didn't penetrate into the opponent's &lt;em&gt;court&lt;/em&gt;? There could be other errors, but &lt;strong&gt;the main point of the question is libero's feet&lt;/strong&gt;: they are in the opponent's space (assume, they don't touch the court). Is this a violation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Update: Casebook // 2017-11-07&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/2017_Volleyball_Rules_Casebook_v1_15.03.2017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this document: Referee Casebook 2017&lt;/a&gt; (it is not listed on the site, but Google is our friend here). And do you know what? The action, described in this question is &lt;strong&gt;considered faulty&lt;/strong&gt; there (see case 3.14); inexplicable but it's the fact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Update: New rules // 2019-01-06&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard that the rules changed a little bit, and now such behavior is not considered as a fault anymore. Though, I can't find any proofs...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xp28w.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xp28w.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13140" LastEditorUserId="13140" LastEditDate="2019-08-06T14:05:48.297" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T06:19:28.513" Title="Is it a fault: penetrate under the net when the feet are completely in opponent's space, but not on the court?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17246" CreationDate="2017-11-06T10:27:41.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The libero has not definitely committed a fault. As you note, the crucial rule here is 11.2.2.2; quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-2020 rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;to touch the opponent’s court with any part of the body above the feet&#xA;  is permitted provided that it does not interfere with the opponent’s play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The libero's feet do not touch the opponent's court as he is playing the ball, and he is careful to move his feet back over the centre line when retreating to his own side. Hence, there is no violation of 11.2.2.2 in this instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if I were refereeing this, I would probably have said that the libero was interfering with the white team's play, violating 11.2.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net,&#xA;  provided that this does not interfere with the opponent’s play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a judgement call on the part of the first referee. In this example, the first referee is a professional referee and I'm not, so you should probably trust their judgement more than mine (the play was not called a fault).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-06T19:14:20.510" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T19:14:20.510" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17250" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17251" CreationDate="2017-11-06T17:33:30.660" Score="8" ViewCount="2639" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Nov. 4, 2017 Iowa ran a trick play in their upset of Ohio State in which their long snapper hiked the ball to the punter before running down the field and catching a pass. The long snapper was effectively the center on the play. Why was he allowed to catch the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20220807061247/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/mA6hB1r6AMHzK36ncgpMtw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtzbT0xO3c9NjAxO2g9MzE0/http://media.zenfs.com/en/homerun/feed_manager_auto_publish_494/b5c2debd275349d8b234d0acdef14a37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20220807061247/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/mA6hB1r6AMHzK36ncgpMtw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtzbT0xO3c9NjAxO2g9MzE0/http://media.zenfs.com/en/homerun/feed_manager_auto_publish_494/b5c2debd275349d8b234d0acdef14a37&quot; alt=&quot;Animated gif of the play&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-12-30T07:21:41.130" LastActivityDate="2022-12-30T07:21:41.130" Title="Why was Iowa's long snapper an eligible receiver after snapping the ball on Iowa Nov. 4, 2017 swinging gate play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|special-teams|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17250" CreationDate="2017-11-07T06:44:03.497" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When defining the conditions for a legal offensive formation and for receiver eligibility, there is no mention of where the ball is located.  The eligible receivers need to be on the ends, not covered, and wearing appropriate numbers (they are here) and appropriate numbered ineligible receivers must be found between them (also true).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just that for this play, the ball is snapped by one of the eligible receivers on the end, instead of one of the ineligible receivers in the middle.  Handling the snap does not make the player ineligible, or make the formation illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR17updated.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Football Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; 7-1-4-a (FR-72) for requirements of the offensive formation and 7-3-3 (FR-76) for receiver eligibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T06:44:03.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17252" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-07T14:47:10.390" Score="1" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell me some good skills to improve my ball control, whether it be in air or on ground, and my dribbling skills, as I'm a huge fan of this game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14254" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2017-11-07T16:18:52.810" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T14:53:24.393" Title="How can I improve my dribbling skills and my ball control for soccer?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-11-10T23:07:18.187" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17253" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-07T16:37:09.493" Score="-3" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I see a standing pile or freinds trying to tackle another person I jusm on top and with me being the heaviest on the team it comes down, yet the refs pull me aside and scream at me not to do it, idk why or what penalty I could get for just helping out on takleing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14256" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T18:44:35.407" Title="me when I take down a standing pile by jumping on top?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1625" CreationDate="2017-11-07T16:37:46.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the spirit of the question and the text cited, I would say that team A has already possessed the ball, and team B has scored and thus doesn't need to possess the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T16:37:46.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17253" CreationDate="2017-11-07T18:44:35.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you're doing is reckless, dangerous and stupid. Players underneath you could be seriously harmed or killed by it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Stop doing it or get out of the game.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The officials have a duty to safety of the players. That you don't understand this already, suggests you are playing at a very low level of the sport, where this duty is even more important, as the lack of skill compounds the effect of situations where accidental injury is likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T18:44:35.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17257" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-07T18:51:36.570" Score="4" ViewCount="1887" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tvkqK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tvkqK.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In doubles table tennis does the rules allow you to serve to the side of the table (red line) or only to the end of the table (green line)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player B is serving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14259" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2022-03-13T11:48:49.703" LastActivityDate="2022-03-15T10:18:02.097" Title="Doubles serve rules in table tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17257" CreationDate="2017-11-07T19:25:51.613" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.6.3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/?media-alias=2017_ITTF_Handbook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement that the ball crosses the end line of the receiving team - but note that the serve you've drawn would result in the server losing the point as it is not touching the &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt; half court of the server and the receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T19:25:51.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17221" CreationDate="2017-11-08T04:21:40.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is anecdotal, so keep that in mind, but as a young pitcher, I threw out my shoulder (some undiagnosed rotator cuff issue probably) by throwing overhand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I wanted to do in the world was pitch, and my coaches were idiots, so they let me keep pitching even though I was in pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gradually I switched first to sidearm and then to full submarine.  Two things happened:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;My accuracy increased dramatically with no loss of velocity&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pain virtually stopped.  I could pitch 3 innings easy (which is what I was pitching at the time)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long term - I have a rotator cuff injury now (but it's from co-sleeping with my son, not sports related) - and I'm 38 and still play softball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd check out what the experts say, but for what it's worth, it worked for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9567" LastEditorUserId="9567" LastEditDate="2017-11-09T02:48:58.363" LastActivityDate="2017-11-09T02:48:58.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17252" CreationDate="2017-11-08T14:53:24.393" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don’t play soccer, nor do I pay much attention to soccer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, focus on 3 general principles, you can build some really cool athletic skills. Including dribbling a soccer ball better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, Focus on your balance. Think about keeping your chin over your bellybutton — at all times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once your balance is perfect (test it by alternating standing on one foot), think about minimizing your movements completely. If youre working on ball control, position your body in a place where you only have to move the smallest part of your leg. This will help you maintain your balance more consistently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, move smoothly and rhythmically. Start slow with each movement. Make that consistently smooth. As you do so, start to layer in complexity. Once you can dribble the ball slowly and smoothly, you can speed up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a way of deconstructing any skill into trainable parts: You can train your balance. You can train minimizing your movements. You can train smoothness and Rhythm....&#xA;But it takes discipline and patience. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that discipline and patience, you will grow more quickly and effectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck and get after it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14072" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T14:53:24.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17189" CreationDate="2017-11-09T10:21:03.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that most talented persons in balance belong to forward roles (strikers, advance midfield, forwards). &#xA;And that's because to dribble and shoot you must have good balancing skills, &#xA;you have to know how to hit the ball in every body stance and have good timing, precision and coordination. &#xA;A good example of what I mean is the bicycle kick (or scissor kick), this to me is the most difficult movement in football.&#xA;It combines the ability to volley, shoot directly from cross, sense of position and hit the goal from a difficult position, because tipically the player gives the shoulder to the goal when he does a bicycle kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5Uyqce8m_Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is the famous Van Basten goal that will explain my point better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QryFUtRtUiM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zidane&lt;/a&gt; score in Champions League final 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are only two examples of great talent in balance, I could give you 100 link of amazing scores to prove my point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen this also in my experience as football player (I played until I was 19), the most talented in balance and fast guys were assigned to forward roles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just my opinion, and I am not saying that other roles doesn't require good balance skills, but if you ask about balance and coordination I have to say forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14264" LastActivityDate="2017-11-09T10:21:03.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17274" CreationDate="2017-11-11T12:44:33.893" Score="5" ViewCount="3023" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/90/11/67/lawsofthegame2017-2018-en_neutral.pdf#page=81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; state that, for &lt;strong&gt;a kick-off&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a goal may be scored directly against the opponents from the kick-off; &lt;em&gt;if the&#xA;  ball directly enters the kicker’s goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opponents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand how this is possible :/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In every football match that I've seen, the kicker's kick goes straight into the opponent's half of the football field, as he stands facing his opponents. How then can the ball &lt;strong&gt;directly&lt;/strong&gt; enter the kicker's own goal instead? The ball can't surely swing a 180deg U-turn mid-air to begin with...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-11T13:17:31.757" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T07:50:42.450" Title="Can the event of kick-off going directly into the kicker’s own goal described in the Laws of the Game ever occur?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17272" CreationDate="2017-11-11T13:12:54.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No one will probably ever see such a thing happening, but the rules are good when they are complete and consider nearly every possible scenario. Besides that, there's no rule disallowing the players to kick-off into their own half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/90/11/67/lawsofthegame2017-2018-en_neutral.pdf#page=143&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Details of all Law changes - Law 08 – The Start and Restart of Play - 1. Kick-off&lt;/a&gt;, the following part has been added recently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...if the ball directly enters the kicker’s goal, a corner kick is&#xA;  awarded to the opponents&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume as the first part of the rule considers the scenario of scoring directly against the opponents goal, the additional part was somehow needed to make the rule complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-11T13:22:14.607" LastActivityDate="2017-11-11T13:22:14.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17272" CreationDate="2017-11-11T13:15:06.573" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are assuming that the ball has to do a 180deg U-turn mid-air, whereas the new rule makes it possible to hit the ball directly towards own post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-start-and-restart-of-play/chapters/kick-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAW 8 - THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.KICK-OFF&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For every kick-off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;all players, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;except the player taking the kick-off&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, must be in their&#xA;own half of the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-start-and-restart-of-play/chapters/the-start-and-restart-of-play-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FAQ&lt;/a&gt; of this rule mentions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the kick-off can now be kicked in any direction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't found any goal happening as you mentioned per this rule, but it may happen by mistake, when the player taking the kick-off hits it towards his own post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fLR2X.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fLR2X.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;kick-off&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10512322/laws-of-the-game-changes-ahead-of-the-201617-premier-league-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T07:50:42.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17272" CreationDate="2017-11-11T15:42:45.447" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you confusing american fotball and soccer i.e. &quot;european football&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kick-off in soccer is usually played backwards, towards your teammates. You cannot score an own goal from the kickoff, however you can, if the opposing team keeper is lounging and not paying attention, score against the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very rarely is a soccer kickoff played &quot;forward&quot; - since no player can be on the opposing field before the kickoff, that is a fault and can award the other team a free kick. In american football, it is always played directly forward...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14281" LastActivityDate="2017-11-11T15:42:45.447" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3685" CreationDate="2017-11-12T06:22:20.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's physically impossible for the puck to hit the post, cross the goal line and then go back over the goal line the other way, without some other object being involved, e.g. a player's stick. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3692/12991&quot;&gt;John Cullen's answer&lt;/a&gt;, the goalpost is situated ON the goal line, is essentially the SAME width as the goal line (NOT wider &quot;by probably almost an inch&quot;, as you speculate), and is shifted slightly off-center toward the back of the net, therefore the side of the post is basically &lt;strong&gt;in the center&lt;/strong&gt; of the goal line. At the time the puck hits the side of the post, it is, at best, only &lt;strong&gt;part-way&lt;/strong&gt; over the goal line. NHL rule 78.4 states that the puck must be &quot;entirely across a red line&quot; in order to be scored, i.e. from a vertical perspective, separation is visible between the back of the puck and the back of the goal line. For the puck in &lt;strong&gt;forward&lt;/strong&gt; motion to hit the post, then completely cross the goal line, then somehow proceed &lt;strong&gt;backward&lt;/strong&gt; out of the net, on its own, would require rewriting the laws of physics and motion. So, if the puck hits the post and bounces directly out, it CANNOT be a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. As the back 3/8&quot; of the post is &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; the goal (see answer referred to above), technically it's possible for the puck to be &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; the net at the time it strikes that part of the post at &lt;strong&gt;just&lt;/strong&gt; the right angle. This would only be visible via a perfectly-positioned high-speed camera. The puck could still not then proceed &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt; of the goal on its own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14283" LastEditorUserId="14283" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T03:03:40.290" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T03:03:40.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17191" CreationDate="2017-11-12T12:56:49.457" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its called &quot;Shupaneyo&quot;. The word is only used in Brazil and some other Latin American countries. Don't know how it is called in English, but that is the original name&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14284" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T12:56:49.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17278" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-12T15:43:14.670" Score="2" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the NHL record for most consecutive goals scored by one player for a team? Jason Zucker of the Minnesota Wild has just scored 6 straight for them, over 3 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14285" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-12T16:35:49.307" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T16:35:49.307" Title="Consecutive goals scored by one player for a team" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17278" CreationDate="2017-11-12T16:25:22.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the longest streak of consecutive goals by one player in Wild history, and Zucker is the first player to score six consecutive team goals since Glen Murray did it for the Boston Bruins from Jan. 29 - Feb. 1, 2004, according to the Elias Sports Bureau.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the longest run in NHL history is seven goals&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, set by &lt;em&gt;Cy Denney&lt;/em&gt; of the Ottawa Senators from Feb. 28 - March 7, 1921 and matched by &lt;em&gt;Brian Noonan&lt;/em&gt; with the Chicago Blackahawks from Dec. 27-29, 1991. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-morning-report-news-notes-nov-12/c-292910698&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: www.nhl.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T16:25:22.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15791" CreationDate="2017-11-12T17:56:00.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reason behind Messi's suspension as per statement from FIFA is &quot;directing insulting words at an assistant referee&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=3/news=lionel-messi-suspended-for-four-matches-2877817.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statement from FIFA&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The FIFA Disciplinary Committee – in application of articles 77 a) and&#xA;  108 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code (FDC) – has reached a decision in&#xA;  relation to the case of Lionel Messi following an incident that&#xA;  occurred during the match between Argentina and Chile on 23 March 2017&#xA;  as part of the qualifying competition for the 2018 FIFA World Cup&#xA;  Russia™:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lionel Messi has been found guilty of violating art. 57 of the FDC for&#xA;  having directed insulting words at an assistant referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As a result, Messi will be suspended for four official matches and&#xA;  sanctioned with a fine of CHF 10,000. The first match for which the&#xA;  sanction will apply is the next fixture in the preliminary competition&#xA;  of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ between Bolivia and Argentina,&#xA;  which will be played today, 28 March. The remainder of the sanction&#xA;  will be served over Argentina’s subsequent FIFA World Cup qualifying&#xA;  matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3198327/lionel-messi-argentinas-world-cup-qualifier-bolivia-fifa-ban/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article from Sun&lt;/a&gt; states Messi is being accused of saying, (contains foul language) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; “f*** off, your mother’s a c***” to a match official&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this article from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/lionel-messis-foul-mouthed-rant-10114929&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mirror&lt;/a&gt; states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Messi, 29, was furious with official Dewson Silva during the first half of the 1-0 victory, and was seen on camera verbally abusing Silva, reportedly declaring: (contains foul language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; “f*** off, the c*** of your mother.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sources: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/argentina/story/3090900/fifa-hands-lionel-messi-four-match-ban-for-insulting-referee-in-world-cup-qualifier-vs-chile&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;espn.in&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ole.com.ar/futbol-internacional/eliminatorias/calento-Messi_3_1764453594.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ole.com.ar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2700428-lionel-messi-suspended-4-argentina-matches-after-ranting-at-official-vs-chile&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-worldcup-arg-messi/messi-banned-for-four-international-matches-idUKKBN16Z1XX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reuters&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-11-12T17:56:00.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17285" CreationDate="2017-11-13T00:03:54.130" Score="3" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Formula 1 racing, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Classification_Race_distance_and_Points.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the following scoring system&lt;/a&gt; is used to determine the winning drivers and constructors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;1st : 25 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;2nd : 18 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;3rd : 15 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;4th : 12 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;5th : 10 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;6th : 8 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;7th : 6 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;8th : 4 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;9th : 2 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;10th : 1 point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nascar.com/en_us/news-media/articles/2016/11/28/how-nascar-series-points-are-awarded.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NASCAR&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.v8scglobal.com/inside-supercars/the-supercars-points-system/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Supercars&lt;/a&gt; use a similar system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any non-automotive sports, involving more than two competitors, played over multiple rounds (e.g. a season or tournament) that use points-based scoring systems to determine the seasonal winner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify, by multiple rounds, I mean that at the end of these rounds, an overall winner is announced - and these results are not carried over to further events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-11-14T03:11:04.703" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T04:31:05.003" Title="Points-based scoring systems for non-automotive sports with more than two competitors played over a season" Tags="|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-13T01:01:26.007" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &quot;qualifying offer&quot; is the market's way of determining which free agents should carry draft pick compensation. The amount for this year is $17.4 million, I believe. If a team extends this to a free agent, and he declines, the team gets draft pick compensation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the team gets an earlier compensating draft pick if the player signs for more than, rather than less than, $50 million. If a team was willing to make a one year offer of $17.4 million, perhaps that team might be willing to make an offer of that amount for three years, which would take the contract over $50 million. Assuming that the team isn't worried about &quot;decline&quot; issues (say for a player in the late 20s or early 30s), would it make sense for a team to follow up with a three year offer to induce other teams to meet the $50 million threshold? The kind of person I was thinking of was Alex Cobb, of the Tampa Bay Rays, a small market (and budget) team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T01:01:26.007" Title="Would it make sense for some teams to &quot;extend&quot; the terms of qualifying offers?" Tags="|mlb|draft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17284" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-13T03:55:58.710" Score="2" ViewCount="3332" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, batsmen usually take guard, but they do so in order to know where they are aiming the ball etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the other day one of my friends said that I am not supposed to fully cover the wickets. I said that there is no such rule and that it was only a thing that we kids invented in gully or backyard cricket. But he said that if one fully covers the wicket, then the wide range also increases. Is this true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14288" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T21:58:57.740" Title="Is there any rule against full cover in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17281" CreationDate="2017-11-13T04:15:38.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A variety of different sports run competitions in such a way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Golf&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PGA Tour is a series of golf tournaments, each one deciding a final rank for which points are assigned. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pgatour.com/fedexcup/fedexcup-point-distribution--pga-tour-season.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;These points are aggregated over the season&lt;/a&gt;; results from one tournament do not affect scores in another except to the extent that a player's aggregate score may determine whether they can gain entry to the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Toward the end of a season, the top band of players ranked by aggregate score are invited to further tournaments, at which their scores are reset according to a formula, and the process of aggregation continues. This culminates in a final tournament at which a cup is awarded and additional prize money given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be directly compared with the auto-racing season: each individual tries to finish a fixed number of &quot;laps&quot; (the course) with the &quot;quickest time&quot; ( lowest number of shots). Points are given based on ascending order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Rugby 7s&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The World Rugby Sevens Series are held across two calendar years (so that the previous series was 2016-17 and the upcoming series is 2017-18, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of the ten tournaments in the series includes sixteen teams (men) or twelve teams (women). Each tournament has a classic pool-advance-to-knockouts structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Final placings in the tournament are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sarugby.co.za/article.aspx?id=1141551&amp;amp;leagueid=1021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;assigned points according to a fixed table&lt;/a&gt;. These points are aggregated over a series and the team with the highest aggregate is the winner of the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Surfing&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The World Surf League holds a tour of events at which surfers are rated on various aspects of their performance. Several preliminary rounds determine quarterfinal places, from which the event proceeds as a knockout bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surfers are awarded &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsurfleague.com/pages/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;points according to a schedule&lt;/a&gt;, based on their placing at the event. A notable change is the award of points for being injured during the event. Points are aggregated over all tours with each surfer's worst two results (out of eleven events) being discarded. The surfer with the highest remaining aggregate is the champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T04:31:05.003" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T04:31:05.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17284" CreationDate="2017-11-13T05:32:15.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct that a batsman may stand however they please in front of the wicket. This is normally subject to Law 41.14 and 41.15, but a backyard game does not typically have a pressed pitch to play on, and this law is somewhat irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your friend is incorrect that the wide range increases. The only determination of a wide is that the batsman cannot play it - this is going to be the case regardless of where a batsman stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Preamble to the Laws makes several very important points, some of them being&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play hard and play fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Create a positive atmosphere by your own conduct, and encourage others to do likewise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing in a way that prevents the bowler from sighting the stumps is about as unfair and negative as a batsman can be, short of actively interfering with the bowler (itself covered by other laws). This is covered by Law 41 in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it is also unlikely that you have dedicated umpires, they cannot intervene as the law requires. This will  have to be an issue you decide together but for the sake of the spirit of the game, you are best advised to concede the point and guard conventionally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T05:32:15.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="203" CreationDate="2017-11-13T12:54:07.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another theory on this scoring system (15, 30, and 40 scores) is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring nomenclature came from the French game &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_de_paume&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;jeu de paume&lt;/a&gt; (a&#xA;precursor to tennis which initially used the hand instead of a&#xA;racket). Jeu de paume was very popular before the French revolution,&#xA;with more than 1,000 courts in Paris alone. The traditional court was&#xA;90 ft (pied du roi) in total with 45 ft on each side. When the server&#xA;scored, he or she moved forward 15 ft. If the server scored again, he&#xA;or she would move another 15 ft. If the server scored a third time, he&#xA;or she could only move 10 ft closer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cited Source: &lt;em&gt;Françoise Bonnefoy (1991). Jeu de Paume: History. Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 42. ISBN 9782908901016.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_scoring_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since a third score would put the server right at the net, 10 feet was the last bump forward. &lt;a href=&quot;http://mentalfloss.com/article/52626/where-did-tennis-get-its-scoring-system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T13:37:05.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="252" CreationDate="2017-11-13T13:50:11.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many theories on origin of &quot;love&quot; in tennis few of them are as follows,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Less popular theory uses the Dutch or Flemish word “lof,” meaning “honor.” The idea is that the player with zero points is simply playing for honor—because he or she certainly isn’t playing for a win. &lt;a href=&quot;http://mentalfloss.com/article/52626/where-did-tennis-get-its-scoring-system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another possibility comes from the Dutch expression &lt;em&gt;iets voor lof doen&lt;/em&gt;, which means to do something for praise, implying no monetary stakes.&#xA;(Cited source: &lt;em&gt;Bondt, Cees de (1993) Heeft yemant lust met bal, of met reket te spelen...? Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren p. 10&lt;/em&gt;)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_scoring_system#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The origins of the use of &quot;love&quot; comes from the acceptance that, at the start of any match, when scores are at zero, players still have &quot;love for each other&quot;.&#xA;(Cited source: &lt;em&gt;Collynshum, Cirt Frijk (1971) Brikt noordjest tennis ul areven Kreb.: Steken of en lad Verk p. 132&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_scoring_system#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://mentalfloss.com/article/52626/where-did-tennis-get-its-scoring-system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the term might be rooted in the colloquial phrase “for love,” meaning “without stakes being wagered.” This theory reflects the sport’s long history of etiquette and sportsmanship. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dictionary.com/e/love-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T13:50:11.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17289" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17466" CreationDate="2017-11-13T18:38:45.450" Score="2" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would it happen if there isn't a goal or behind and the ball doesn't go out of bounds? I mean a total clanger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14006" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T12:38:01.577" Title="Can the game go on after a free before centre bounce?" Tags="|rules|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17290" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-13T20:47:21.107" Score="3" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is to ask how the scheduling for the WTFs is done. I understand the grouping. There is Group A and Group B with the following properties: seed 1 is assigned A or B uniformly at random (50-50 probability), and seed 2 goes in the other; repeat this for pairs (3,4), (5,6) and (7,8). However, how are the matches scheduled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, is the case that, in each of the groups, the first match the top player plays is against the bottom, and the two middle play each other. Looking through the history, I see that since 2009 this has been the case since 2009 (at least), with the exception of 2013 (when seed 5 played 7 to open up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible that there was some reason for it not happening this one year, or maybe it's just that 8 out of 9 years this has happened! (Note that it happened in &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; groups for all years except for 2013, and &lt;em&gt;neither&lt;/em&gt; group in 2013.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any &lt;strong&gt;evidence&lt;/strong&gt; to suggest what the answer to this is? I'm not interested in unfounded hypotheses, but actual evidence, such as &quot;too unlikely&quot; on a small sample. (For example, at one point Djokovic was drawn in the same half as Federer in 17 out of 21 grand slams -- but these &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; done randomly, this was just an exceptional event.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-13T21:57:41.647" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T22:58:19.600" Title="Tennis ATP World Tour Finals Scheduling" Tags="|tennis|atp|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17281" CreationDate="2017-11-13T20:49:45.517" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix_2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chess Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; takes place over a number of rounds and in each round, the players will play a number of matches and are awarded points based on their finishing position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though there is a debate to be had as to whether Chess is a sport, but I included it here anyway. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12493" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T20:49:45.517" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17290" CreationDate="2017-11-13T22:49:58.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, a minor correction in OP's understanding of the grouping In the ATP World Tour Finals with regards to the first two seeds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook_3feb17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 2017 ATP Official &#xA;  Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;  (Page 42):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The field shall be divided into two (2) groups of four (4) players&#xA;  each. The topseeded player shall be placed in Group &quot;A&quot; and the&#xA;  second-seeded player shall be placed in Group &quot;B&quot;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is indeed not random, but the systematic selection method for determining the 1st seed being placed in the first group, and the 2nd seed being placed in the second group. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this point on however, The 2017 ATP Rulebook does not prescribe a specific order of play in which the seeds of each group must play, nor on which day of the tournament the seeds will play, but only states that each seed must play 1 match against the other players in his group; 3 matches in total. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally yes, the way the matches have been broken down is that within Group 1 and 2's first round of matches, the (1) or (2) seed will play the lowest seed (7) or (8), and the two middle seeds will play each other; (3) plays (5) or (4) plays (6). &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nittoatpfinals.com/en/schedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 2017 ATP World Tour Finals&lt;/a&gt; follows this format as well!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, it appears the 2013 World Tour Finals is the only instance in which this format was not followed, and the reasoning for this is ultimately conjecture. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we can deduce from the absence of Official ATP Rule direction on the matter that the order of play is ultimately up to the discretion of the venue hosting the event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as long as each player plays the other three in their respective groups, the event is still abiding by ATP rules, so the tournament organizers really have the ability to schedule the order of play however they see fit, perhaps with player feedback. The rationale behind this sort of information is rarely disclosed to the public though, and is shrouded in doubt and ambiguity; as seen with this year's controversy in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.express.co.uk/sport/tennis/878076/Rafael-Nadal-ATP-World-Tour-Finals-change-Roger-Federer-schedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rafael Nadal supposedly asking tournament organizers to push back his day of play.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately however, the ATP has produced no official order of play that The World Tour Finals must abide by and has left this up to tournament organizers and directors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T22:49:58.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4808" CreationDate="2017-11-14T13:51:17.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also the risk of  clipping the loop between the knot and the harness in the qickdraw by mistake.&lt;br&gt; In lead climbing that is a &lt;strong&gt;serious problem&lt;/strong&gt;, because you have to clip it out again and clip the &quot;right&quot; part of the rope.&lt;br&gt; Meanwhile you are unsecured the whole time and getting exhausted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14295" LastActivityDate="2017-11-14T13:51:17.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17294" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-14T20:42:57.977" Score="4" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do go karting as an hobby and I currently hold the track record at my local circuit. The average driver completes it in 37 to 38 seconds and my record is 33.13 seconds. The karts do a maximum of 40mph and I do an average of 34mph. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I am obviously doing most things right, are there any advanced tips that a fast driver may not know? I am right on the limit and it is not possible to know that I have set the maximum possible time or not. My aim is to get a 32.9x or faster. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this is an arrive and drive, I do not have much competition when racing with other racers. I am more interested in tips to help me go faster in clean air when it is only myself on the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14296" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-14T22:11:33.113" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T15:17:52.990" Title="How would one go faster in Karting when they already hold the record?" Tags="|technique|records|kart-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17295" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17296" CreationDate="2017-11-14T22:13:22.827" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that a team got to the world cup through the playoff and then won the cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or any team who did the playoff is historically doomed? I couldn't find any statistics, maybe you know this stuff better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14297" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T15:12:10.820" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T15:12:10.820" Title="World cup winners qualified through play-offs" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|world-cup|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17295" CreationDate="2017-11-14T23:28:19.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was no such World Cup where the winner would qualify through play-offs. It's also worth to mention that qualification rules were constantly changing and sometimes winners played only few matches (if played at all, as they were hosts or defending champions till 2006 World Cup qualifiers) in order to qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the qualification phase of the 1934 World Cup &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#Group_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy played only  a single match&lt;/a&gt; in order to qualify, which can be considered as a play-off match, but in fact was a group stage match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2017-11-14T23:28:19.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17025" CreationDate="2017-11-15T09:20:38.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one shot pool, played with 2 1/4 inch balls on American type square pocketed pool table,  the rule is: re-spot the black and incoming player has ball in hand that to say &quot;put anywhere on the table&quot; with one shot only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When playing European/UK/Australia/South Africa &quot;2 shot pool&quot; on basically a mini snooker table with a rounded shape to the pockets, often times played with reds and yellow balls,  the rule is: loss of game on any foul whilst potting the black ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14300" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T13:16:45.143" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T13:16:45.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1409" CreationDate="2017-11-15T09:56:23.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try this..and to add swerve just hit slightly off center.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. Aim at just below center mass not at bottom where white touch the table. &#xA;2.Reduce cue angle to 30-45 degrees. enables white to more easily &quot;get out&quot; from under the cue tip&#xA;3.Contact tip on white nearer equator less on top..&#xA;4.Hold cue very lightly(i use just 2 fingers) flick using wrist(like as in throwing darts) timing it to just reach the white, causing cue to very quickly bounce off white fast, to allow space for the white to begin to elevate. These tips will help for both techniques, normal cueing action (hold cue short and bend wrist in towards body) and the technique where cue out in front &quot;just as in throwing darts&quot;. Last tip &quot;think cue speed not &quot;cue power.oh one more.. Jump shots require chalk for every attempt. For shots when the blocker is closer and you clearly have to increase the cue angle, ensure tip contact point far enough towards edge of white leaving room (space for white to lift).This might help visualize, looks real good to me. Imagine your cue at an eleven o'clock angle now step back and aim/strike the white at the the 10 o;clock point with the same eleven o'clock angle.I hope you can see why chalk is so important in jump shots.You are trying to hit the white hard into the table but, still hit near edge or equator if you prefer that term.No tip grip, no power transfer to white equals no jump.Remember to aim the shot slightly thicker(dependent on how much white bounce expected) than it looks as white will be bouncing which makes object ball cut thin.good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14300" LastEditorUserId="14300" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T12:07:09.887" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T12:07:09.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16837" CreationDate="2017-11-15T10:06:39.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You win. 8-ball pocketed in nominated pocket is all that matters. You can even pot the opposition ball over the pocket with the black and the black continue to roll into the same pocket for the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14300" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T13:18:08.073" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T13:18:08.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16211" CreationDate="2017-11-15T11:33:36.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You lose as shot was not called in that manner, i.e. white off opponent's ball first, if called that way is all good. Must call black pocket and if not obvious and easy, how as well, especially if hitting opponent's ball first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine my black over hole being covered with opponent's ball and I have ball in hand. I must call opponent's ball to pot black for win as unable to hit black directly with white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14300" LastEditorDisplayName="user7647" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T13:15:33.757" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T13:15:33.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16068" CreationDate="2017-11-15T12:27:18.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your oppositions' choice of pocket has no impact on yours, in any 8-ball rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14300" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T12:27:18.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17294" CreationDate="2017-11-15T15:17:52.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may already be doing this anyway but the only real thing I can think of would be to ensure the kart is warmed up properly including the tyres, so try to do a few laps rather than just one or two.  Warm tyres give more grip so you can corner more quickly.  The other thing you can do is lose weight!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All you can do to know if a faster time is possible would be to try to take each corner slightly quicker until you begin to lose grip and slide or crash.  Sliding a kart is usually sub-optimal depending on the kart and the corner involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you know the exact limit for each corner and you are on that limit for every corner in the same lap you can assume that you have set pretty much the optimal time.  Of course if the track is outside the wind may play a small part in things, ie a tailwind down the main straight will be helpful, depending on the track characteristics etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T15:17:52.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17307" CreationDate="2017-11-15T15:17:57.323" Score="5" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players and specially coaches don't like playing on short weeks. It doesn't give the players enough time to heal from the previous game, and it makes it tough for the coaches to come up with game plans and do their analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what made the NFL hold night games to Thursdays?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2017-11-18T18:06:26.013" LastActivityDate="2017-11-18T18:06:26.013" Title="Why does NFL have games on Thursdays?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17312" CreationDate="2017-11-15T15:20:37.670" Score="2" ViewCount="1673" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing table tennis and met someone who was ranked 250 worldwide by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Unfortunately, I did not have the chance to ask him how he went about doing this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does one get ranked by ITTF?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2017-11-16T07:33:21.217" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T07:59:10.917" Title="How does one become ranked by ITTF?" Tags="|table-tennis|ranking|ittf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17305" CreationDate="2017-11-15T15:27:04.217" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is due to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Broadcasting_Act_of_1961&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961&lt;/a&gt;: the NFL is legally forbidden to televise any matches on a Friday night within 75 miles of any high school during the high school regular season, and similarly for Saturday nights and colleges. As virtually the whole of the USA is within 75 miles of a high school or college, this means they couldn't televise the match at all - and as the NFL's money comes from television broadcasts, that's a &lt;em&gt;huge&lt;/em&gt; deterrent not to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the high school and college seasons end, the NFL is free to play on Fridays and Saturdays, which is why playoff games happen on a Saturday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T15:27:04.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17308" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-15T15:33:25.843" Score="7" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;In table tennis, can you change paddles mid game to adjust to the opponents play style?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T01:28:38.253" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T01:28:38.253" Title="Are you allowed to change paddles mid game?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17309" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17310" CreationDate="2017-11-15T19:55:31.277" Score="6" ViewCount="743" Body="&lt;p&gt;The procedure for drawing teams into groups for the 2018 World Cup has changed compared with 2014.&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=9/news=oc-for-fifa-competitions-approves-procedures-for-the-final-draw-of-the-2907924.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The principles are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All teams will be allocated to pots 1 to 4 [...] The October 2017 edition of the FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking will be used to allocate all qualified teams to the four pots&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;no teams from the same confederation, with the exception of UEFA, which could have up to two teams in the same group, will be drawn into the same group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How will the second constraint be enforced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2014 draw allows for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Groups will be skipped to respect principle of geographic separation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, hypothetically, Groups A-H have received their top seed and Groups A-G have also received their second seed as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A Russia      Mexico&#xA;B Brazil      England&#xA;C Belgium     Spain&#xA;D Germany     Denmark&#xA;E Poland      Switzerland&#xA;F Portugal    Croatia&#xA;G France      Uruguay&#xA;H Argentina   &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is only one team left in pot 2 and that is Columbia. However they can't be placed in Group H as this violates the &amp;quot;no teams from the same confederation in the same group&amp;quot; rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the draw restarted, or is the draw &amp;quot;fudged&amp;quot; for example by moving Croatia to Group H and putting Columbia in group F. Or is Columbia place in Group A, and the first placable team from the next pot put into group H, and if this last rule, what if the very last team can't be placed while respecting the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the detailed rules for the draw published anywhere?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12855" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T04:54:21.330" Title="Procedure for World Cup draw 2018. How is the principle of geographical separation respected?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17309" CreationDate="2017-11-15T21:20:09.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/84/35/19/regulationsfwc2018en_neutral.pdf#page=44&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations of 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - Final competition - 32. Group stage&lt;/a&gt; it's only dryly stated that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA Organising Committee will divide the teams into groups by&#xA;seeding and drawing lots [...], whilst taking sports and&#xA;geographical factors into consideration, as far as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, FIFA indeed takes geographical constraints into account as you may see from the sophisticated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_seeding#The_draw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup 2014 draw procedure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as we don't know how FIFA will exactly conduct the draw and given that the way the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_seeding#Pots&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pots are formed for WC2018&lt;/a&gt; are completely different from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_seeding#The_draw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;previous edition&lt;/a&gt;, I can guess that the draw will be conducted with the help of computer (like UEFA Champions League group stage draw - &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0AdFnpOAWCI?t=14m49s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;) and computer will only allow such draws that it never gets stuck at some point given the constraints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Edit: FIFA oficially &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=11/news=close-up-on-final-draw-procedures-2921440.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;published&lt;/a&gt; the draw procedures (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDkn83FwioA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I have already stated, the computer will be used to prevent deadlocks and it proved to be correct. After each draw, the group will be skipped if computer foresees 2 teams from the same confederation (except UEFA) being drawn into the same group. The video of the mock draw can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDkn83FwioA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T04:54:21.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17306" CreationDate="2017-11-16T07:30:34.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players get ranked based on their performance in tournaments. Per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/rankings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF ranking page&lt;/a&gt;, the ranking system as of 2017 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://d3mjm6zw6cr45s.cloudfront.net/2016/07/2017-WR-Basic-Principles.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;full details here&lt;/a&gt;) incorporates:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wins and losses against ranked players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adjustment due to relative strength of opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Weighting for different events&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bonus points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also multiple tiers of competition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;U21 (Men and Women)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;U18 (Boys and Girls)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;U15 (Boys and Girls)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doubles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/2017/11/07/ittf-implement-new-world-ranking-system-2018/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF news release&lt;/a&gt;, the ranking system will be revised, effective January 1, 2018. Changes include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The new ranking is based on the final positions reached at the tournaments only (regardless the relative strength of the opponent&#xA;  player).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Only bonus points are awarded (no rating points are given), which are valid for 12 months, except the World Championships.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NO loss of points in case of losing a match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ranking Points are fixed according to the point tables using different weightings for different types of events.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Only the best 8 results are considered on a yearly basis (with one continental event included).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Separated ranking lists for each age category (Senior, U-21, Junior, Cadet), taking into consideration only results in the&#xA;  respective category.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Special seeding in case of injury and pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T07:30:34.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16491" CreationDate="2017-11-16T08:12:46.600" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16491/high-jump-why-is-it-not-allowed-to-take-off-on-both-feet-do-flip-flops-etc#comment26280_16491&quot;&gt;aqwert&lt;/a&gt; said, gymnasts use a spring floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a metric for how high a gymnast can launch, I checked out &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-yb2q-PxeU&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; of a quadruple twist in a floor routine. Kenzo Shirai is 1.64m (5'5&quot;) tall. At 1:01, his center of gravity is, say, 1.5 times his height, giving us 2.46m -- .01m higher than the men's world record high jump. Again, this is with a springboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, unless serious modifications are made to the gymnast's form, this would be very hard to perform with precision such that the bar is not knocked over. Getting your timing right over the bar is hard enough with the Fosbury flop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this wasn't your main question: why would the officials strip the liberty of choosing a technique from the athletes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First: it may be dangerous. It's hard to tell, since there hasn't been much experimentation with the method, as it's already been shown to be inferior. Two-footed jumping is usually what complete novices do intuitively on their first few jumps, and it's definitely unwieldy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second: it's inferior, so why not just mandate the tried-and-true, biomechanically superior technique? For the same reason the Amateur Trapshooting Association implicitly bans the use of anything other than a shotgun, there is no logical reason to voluntarily handicap yourself, and if nobody is going to, you might as well make it illegal to further structure the event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case the springboard argument wasn't convincing enough, consider why basketball players never take off with two feet to perform a layup. The sharply angled position you get yourself in during takeoff allows one to quickly convert horizontal momentum to vertical, since the leg is locked. This would rely almost entirely on muscular strength with two feet, since you could not be at a sideways angle without one of your legs bending, resulting in either less horizontal momentum (a slower approach), an inefficient horizontal -&gt; vertical conversion, and less vertical momentum as a result of the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: ex-NCAA high jumper&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14304" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T08:12:46.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17314" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17315" CreationDate="2017-11-16T10:36:51.887" Score="3" ViewCount="2783" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many Overs (minimum) are required to have a result (draw or win) in a test match so that match abandon law doesn't apply? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13546" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T17:56:40.140" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T17:56:40.140" Title="Test Match abandon Conditions?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17314" CreationDate="2017-11-16T11:16:19.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;None. In general, an abandonment is not a result which is covered by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;; an abandonment can happen only if an agreement is made under Law 13.1.2 (&amp;quot;Number of innings&amp;quot;) as referred to by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-16-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Matches in which there is an agreement under Law 13.1.2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any match in which there is an agreement under Law 13.1.2 (Number of innings), if the result is not determined in any of the ways stated in 16.1, 16.2 or 16.3, then the result shall be as laid down in that agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/10/05/226f919d-1bdd-4719-a32b-11b582a1c8a0/ICC-Men-s-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-2017-Code-FINAL-051017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt; do not contain any such agreement under Law 13.1.2, so an abandonment is not a possible result of a Test Match. (The ODI and T20 playing conditions do contain such an agreement, so an abandonment is possible there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One case in which a Test Match could (in theory) result in a win without a ball being bowled would be if one side refused to take the field; the umpires would then award the match to the other side in accordance with Law 16.3.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a match shall be lost by a side which&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the opinion of the umpires refuses to play.  If so, the umpires shall award the match to the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T11:16:19.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17319" CreationDate="2017-11-18T13:44:30.887" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am sorry but I could not find this in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/02/90/11/67/lawsofthegame2017-2018-en_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of The Game&lt;/a&gt;. My textbook mentions 11 players and 12 substitutes, but it is a very poor quality textbook with lots of errors, hence I turn to you fellows.&#xA;The question is simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How many football players enter at the start of the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I know there are total 22 players on the field at the time of play, but, I also wish to ask how many of them sit out on the benches (as substitutes, or maybe for other reasons?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-11-18T14:38:41.183" LastActivityDate="2017-11-19T03:14:20.177" Title="How many football players enter at the start of the match?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17318" CreationDate="2017-11-18T14:48:03.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3 - The Players - 1. Number of players&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players;&#xA;  one must be the goalkeeper. A match may not start or continue if&#xA;  either team has fewer than seven players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, usually we have &lt;strong&gt;11 x 2 = 22&lt;/strong&gt; players on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players/chapters/number-of-substitutions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3 - The Players - 2. Number of substitutions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The competition rules must state how many substitutes may be named,&#xA;  from three to a maximum of twelve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, there can be maximum of &lt;strong&gt;12 x 2 = 24&lt;/strong&gt; players on the bench, resulting in total of &lt;strong&gt;24 + 22 = 46&lt;/strong&gt; players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as you can see, the exact number of players sitting on the bench is determined by the competition rules. In Premier League, La Liga and most other leagues playing under federations associated with UEFA, and also in UEFA Champions League, the number of players sitting on the bench is &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt;, resulting in a total of &lt;strong&gt;11 x 2 + 7 x 2 = 36&lt;/strong&gt; players. However, on the international level, the number of players sitting on the bench is usually maximal, i.e &lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt;, again resulting in total of 46 players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="14280" LastEditDate="2017-11-19T03:14:20.177" LastActivityDate="2017-11-19T03:14:20.177" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17320" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-19T03:25:23.317" Score="2" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am finding difficulty interpreting The Laws for this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They don't mention anything about advertising/logos on the referee's jersey.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moreover, they &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/equipment-slogans-statements-images-and-advertising&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mention&lt;/a&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; logos of manufacturer are permitted on undergarments of players&quot;. But they don't mention about advertising on the main shirt. I also noticed &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5711323d2200002900253a64.jpeg?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this image&lt;/a&gt; which shows the particular player wearing Qatar Airways and Nike on his shirt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastActivityDate="2017-11-19T03:25:23.317" Title="What form and how much advertising is permitted on the jersey of players and the referee?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2018-03-04T18:42:54.330" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17321" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17443" CreationDate="2017-11-19T18:03:55.783" Score="3" ViewCount="8814" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question came up in our exams. The Laws don't mention duties of the coach. I understand they aren't supposed to mention everything. But, there must be some common duties of the football coaches of different leagues and tournaments. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-19T18:45:10.463" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T10:38:36.623" Title="What are the duties of the coach in a football team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17323" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-19T19:35:41.720" Score="1" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why they don't use a singles net at the ATP Finals. Also on other big tournaments they often use the doubles net.&#xA;Is there a rule, when a turnament is supposed to have a singles net or is it a decision if every tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14057" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T11:11:10.013" Title="Singles net at ATP" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17333" CreationDate="2017-11-20T01:50:45.307" Score="3" ViewCount="6487" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL teams usually have their team logo painted in the middle of their home field on the 50 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that some stadiums are missing the logo and instead have the NFL logo printed at the center of the field. Carolina Panther's Band of America Stadium and and New Jersey's Metlife Stadium are 2 examples. The latter hosts both the New York Jets and New York Giants. Since 2 teams play at Metlife Stadium I'm assuming the NFL logo is used to keep the field neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which NFL stadiums have the NFL logo at the center, and what's the reason behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T21:44:54.850" LastActivityDate="2021-09-28T19:59:01.350" Title="NFL fields missing team logo" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17327" CreationDate="2017-11-20T12:11:23.967" Score="2" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the England Vs Australia rugby union international on 18th November 2017 at Twickenham, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hooper_(rugby_union)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Hooper&lt;/a&gt; scored a try for Australia that was disallowed due to him being offside. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4204680.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC's Guide to the offside law&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is offside if he is in front of a team-mate who last played the ball AND they actively try to play the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevita_Kuridrani&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tevita Kuridrani&lt;/a&gt; kicked the ball forward (&quot;played the ball&quot;) then Hooper was clearly offside as he was ahead of the kicker, however, he did not play this ball! When &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marika_Koroibete&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marika Koroibete&lt;/a&gt; did play the ball, Hooper was behind him and hence in an onside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, was Hooper offside? A video of the try can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxQFmtR1cYs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-20T12:20:08.923" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T04:45:25.630" Title="Was Hooper offside for Australia's first disallowed try?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17326" CreationDate="2017-11-20T21:00:01.513" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the match officials decision is correct under a strict interpretation of the 10-metre law, &lt;a href=&quot;http://laws.worldrugby.org/index.php?law=11.4&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;11.4(a)&lt;/a&gt;, since in the video you link to Hooper appears to continue running forwards, rather than attempting to move back behind a line ten metres from the (onside) opposition players until another player puts him onside by moving in front of him. This is certainly an unlucky decision to go against the team though, and it would have been understandable if it had gone the other way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14041" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-20T21:08:39.310" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T21:08:39.310" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17329" CreationDate="2017-11-21T00:19:05.203" Score="8" ViewCount="1726" Body="&lt;p&gt;I watched the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/IWwhYPjyE1U?t=3m55s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; titled &quot;NBA Top 15 Smartest Plays Ever&quot;, but I don't understand what happened in the last one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Magic Johnson appears to get the rebound then throws the ball out of bounds? How is that &quot;smart&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="7648" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T13:02:27.900" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T13:02:27.900" Title="Why did Magic Johnson throw the ball out of bounds after getting the rebound?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17328" CreationDate="2017-11-21T01:56:44.640" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The time remaining in the game was on the order of 3 seconds. By holding the ball in that position or trying to dribble, he risked a foul or a basket against.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By quickly clearing to the far end, the time ran out before the opponent could take possession in a dangerous area, therefore winning the game for his own team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T01:56:44.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17326" CreationDate="2017-11-21T04:45:25.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In relation to your question on the offside ruling against Michael Hooper, it was a correct (albeit tough) call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My analysis is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In general play, a player if offside if he’s in front of a team-mate who last played the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Under Law 11.1(c), when a team-mate of an offside player kicks ahead, the offside player must not move forward until the player has been put onside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Under Law 11.2(c), when the kicker or team-mate who was onside runs in front of the offside player, the player is put onside. However, the offside player cannot be put onside if he has already moved forward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this case, MH was offside when TK kicked ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MH put his hands in the air to acknowledge he was offside but kept moving forward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MK was behind TK so onside when he gave chase. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;MK quickly ran past MH which would have put MH onside if he had stopped moving forward as soon as TK kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there was a short period before MK run past him where MH kept moving ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This was the basis for offside ruling and the try being disallowed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To add extra confusion, there was some comment in the media to the effect that MK had kicked the ball which put MH back onside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is not relevant as the offside player in this situation can’t be put back onside by his teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14324" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T04:45:25.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17324" CreationDate="2017-11-21T06:12:50.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Update: As of 2021, NY Metlife stadium is the only field without a midfield team logo.  Carolina now has a panther midfield and LA/SoFi is applying logos for both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Those are the only two.&lt;/strike&gt;&#xA;&lt;strike&gt;The two mentioned, plus L.A. Coliseum as currently used by the Rams.&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The end zones at Metlife can be (somewhat) easily removed so the team logo for the playing team is displayed.  But the time and effort to do the same on the center is prohibitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Panthers, it was apparently such a big deal for Carolina to get the franchise that the owner Jerry Richardson put it there as a way of thanking the NFL.  The placement of the shield seems to be his personal decision.  In an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/espn/wire/_/section/nfl/id/3223598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Story&lt;/a&gt;, he's quoted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have the NFL logo on the 50-yard line for reasons we have talked&#xA;about before -- we want to reemphasize to our fans that this is NFL&#xA;football and not something else&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sources I used probably predated the Rams move to L.A. and did not mention their current (2017) usage of the L.A. Coliseum.  I missed that one and as GB11 points out, there's no team logo there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the new Los Angeles stadium is also planned to be used by two teams.  We'll have to wait for the opening to see if it will be similar to Metlife or if they have something else in mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2021 update.  I wasn't able to find any discussion of the technology used, but so far they are repainting the logo for both teams.  The chargers game had a Chargers bolt logo, and the Rams games have had two different Rams logos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-09-28T19:59:01.350" LastActivityDate="2021-09-28T19:59:01.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17324" CreationDate="2017-11-21T14:47:08.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, those aren't the only two. The LA Rams currently have the NFL Shield as the midfield logo at the Coliseum. This is due to the fact that the Rams share the field with the USC football team and the NFL Shield does a better job at covering up the USC logo (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/DailyNewsVinny/status/785168278574346241&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see in the picture attached to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latimes.com/sports/rams/la-sp-rams-panthers-field-20161106-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this LA Times article&lt;/a&gt;, even when the conditions are less than ideal for turning around the field, the USC logo at midfield is the least visible aspect from the previous night's USC game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11937" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T14:47:08.977" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17334" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17339" CreationDate="2017-11-23T04:36:48.943" Score="7" ViewCount="676" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, there are numerous news about the Russian Olympic players being stripped of medals. There have been &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;many similar cases in the past&lt;/a&gt;, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a sportsperson gets stripped of their medal, &lt;strong&gt;do the others get &quot;upgraded&quot; automatically?&lt;/strong&gt; In other words, if the gold medal was stripped, does the player who took second place automatically get &quot;promoted&quot; to the gold, the third to the silver, and so on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, what is the process? What happens to a sportsperson who took fourth place, did not even appear on the podium, and lost their deserved moment of glory?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14333" LastEditorUserId="14333" LastEditDate="2017-11-23T14:12:27.323" LastActivityDate="2017-11-24T00:47:06.623" Title="After the revocation of an Olympic medal, do those who took lower places get upgraded?" Tags="|olympics|awards|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17336" CreationDate="2017-11-23T16:17:06.350" Score="4" ViewCount="6700" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman be given out when the ball impacts outside the line, having pitched outside off and with an indication that it would have hit the stumps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original decision of the umpire on the field was Out, and the batsman made a referral to the Umpire Decision Review System.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-23T19:02:41.060" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T22:25:11.210" Title="Why is a batsman out, when the impact is outside off, on an umpire's call?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17335" CreationDate="2017-11-23T18:59:39.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball neither needs to pitch nor strike inline, if it was coming from outside off into the stumps, in order to give Out, Leg before wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the basis of the original decision. The two flags for Pitching - inline and Impact - inline only some green if they are actually inline, even though that is not always necessary for Leg before wicket. As long as the third and important flag (Wickets - hitting) is green, the correct decision is Out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Law 36, part 1.2 for the pitching and part 1.4 for the contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this assumes &quot;the striker has made no genuine attempt to play the ball with the bat&quot;. As this aspect of the law comes outside the scope of UDRS, it must be assumed the umpire decided no genuine attempt to play the ball was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T18:59:39.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-23T21:43:29.310" Score="2" ViewCount="2779" Body="&lt;p&gt;8 Ball - when shooting 8 ball (I have solids) can I hit solid, stripe and then make a solid legally i.e. a good hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14334" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T12:54:28.130" Title="8 ball (i have solids) can I hit solid, stripe and then make a solid legally i.e.agood hit?" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17418" CreationDate="2017-11-23T22:01:45.720" Score="6" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1988, Boris Becker dramatically beat Ivan Lendl in 5 sets in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Nabisco_Masters_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Masters tournament at Madison Square Garden&lt;/a&gt;. The final set went to tie breaks, ending with a backhand net cord by Becker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been other major tournaments where the championship point was decided by a net cord shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2019-01-22T03:04:31.940" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T07:37:08.133" Title="Championship points decided by a net cord?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17334" CreationDate="2017-11-24T00:47:06.623" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/40746615&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC article&lt;/a&gt;, the athletes will receive medals that were stripped from the banned competitors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Britain's 4x400m relay squad from the 2008 Beijing Games got their&#xA;  podium moment in front of a home crowd at the London Anniversary Games&#xA;  last month, finally becoming Olympic medallists after a nine-year&#xA;  delay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They are among dozens of athletes who are receiving medals after their&#xA;  competitors were disqualified retrospectively and stripped of their&#xA;  achievements because of doping offences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The new approach of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), as part&#xA;  of a stated commitment to supporting clean athletes, is to &quot;honour&#xA;  accomplishments in a more systematic manner&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the article, the writer interviewed a number of athletes that were suddenly Olympic medalists, often years after the fact. Some athletes received another medal ceremony in front of fans, another actually received a gold medal at a food court!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These competitors were naturally delighted to receive their medals, but also had mixed emotions - some had lost training support that would have been granted as a reward for medaling, and several missed a chance to receive an acknowledgement in front of an Olympic crowd at the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the article notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The IOC says the reallocation process is not automatic and is done on&#xA;  a case-by-case basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2017-11-24T00:47:06.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-25T01:19:35.477" Score="1" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Then one I'm thinking of is Giancarlo Stanton, who will have the ability to &quot;opt out&quot;from (or &quot;opt in&quot;) to his contract after 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be possible (within the rules) for Miami to trade Stanton to another team for X, which is all the Marlins get if he opts out, but the receiving team surrenders a PTBNL (player to be named later) if Stanton opts in after 2020, and plays out the rest of his contract? That would probably come from the receiving team's then farm system, with some restrictions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(My recollection was that e.g. Trea Turner was a PTBNL in a trade, because it was against the rules to trade him within 12 months of drafting/signing him.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2017-11-25T01:19:35.477" Title="Is is possible to use a PTBNL to cover certain contingencies?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15576" CreationDate="2017-11-25T03:25:49.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, teams in the NBA are allowed to purchase draft picks with cash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per this San Jose Mercury News &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/06/22/kawakami-the-warriors-joe-lacob-formula-buy-another-pick-land-another-valuable-talent/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the fourth time in the Lacob ownership era, the Warriors purchased&#xA;a pick, this time spending the maximum-allowed $3.5M to buy the 38th&#xA;overall pick from Chicago, and use it on a player GM Bob Myers and&#xA;Lacob both said they believed was a first-round value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These types of trades are still relatively rare, but allow for teams with aggressive ownership to acquire assets without giving up any additional talent. Typically, only second round draft picks have been sold/traded for cash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-25T03:25:49.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17345" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17363" CreationDate="2017-11-26T06:38:07.760" Score="1" ViewCount="2002" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have newly started learning swimming, major problem which I am facing and my coach informs me is that my legs stops kicking while I am taking breath while doing freestyle swimming.&#xA;Because of this my legs sinks and I need to put lot of efforts to bring them up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure how to make sure that both my hands and legs are working together and not only one at a time. How to concentrate on both the things simultaneously. Is there any dry land exercise or any exercis? which will help me to overcome this problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14345" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:23:27.343" Title="Legs stops kicking while inhaling air during freestyle swiming" Tags="|swimming|water-sports|freestyle|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17367" CreationDate="2017-11-26T17:25:35.830" Score="5" ViewCount="18252" Body="&lt;p&gt;In week 9 of 2017 season LA Rams converted a 3rd and 33 and scored a touchdown on the same play against the New York Giants. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inspired by this, I'm wondering what are the longest 3rd and 4th down conversions in the history of the NFL in the regular and the post seasons. Also provide the same stats for longest 3rd/4th down and goal conversions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2017-11-26T22:11:57.153" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T02:57:07.610" Title="Longest 3rd and 4th down conversions" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2017-11-26T21:58:07.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1917 Julian “Judy” Harlan played for the Golden Tornados of Georgia Tech.  In 1918 after joining the Navy football  team , they too won a National championship&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14349" LastActivityDate="2017-11-26T21:58:07.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17349" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-27T01:56:50.467" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I gathered a Pendulum Turn in the context of rallying helps with inducing oversteer, primarily on low-grip surfaces. Many resources explain the technique, but less so what actually makes it efficient. I figure that some advantages are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The initial sideways drift gives more traction than braking in a straight line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Weight is distributed towards the tires on the side of the corner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I do not think that this it the primary effect of the technique. So, is the idea of the pendulum, especially in a FWD, that the rear of the car holds the front of the car back (just as the anchor point of a pendulum), thus introducing a moment of inertia towards the corner into the car when the brakes are being released? Also, this would not work in an RWD at all (only if the rear wheels grip faster than the front wheels when releasing the brake)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this what makes it work? Are there any factors missing? A qualitative physical explanation would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14350" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T16:05:24.373" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T16:05:24.373" Title="What does a Scandinavian Flick/Pendulum Turn physically achieve?" Tags="|technique|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17353" CreationDate="2017-11-27T11:57:15.290" Score="4" ViewCount="809" Body="&lt;p&gt;Test cricket is the often called the purest form of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conventionally it spans for 5 days with each day having 90 overs each except for the fifth day were 15 overs is mandatory to be bowled in the last hour of play. Note that this scheduled overs may be reduced/increased in case the match is affected by rain/any other disturbances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But How and when is it decided that a team has won or there is a draw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14353" LastEditorUserId="14353" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T12:05:26.673" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T12:14:45.503" Title="What is the concept of Test cricket? How and when is it decided that a team has won or there is a draw?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17351" CreationDate="2017-11-27T12:14:45.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-16-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16 &quot;The result&quot;&lt;/a&gt; and in particular Law 16.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The side which has scored a total of runs in excess of that scored in the two completed innings of the opposing side shall win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means a win can be achieved in one of three ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team batting in the fourth innings reaches a point at which they have scored more runs across their two innings than the opposing side scored in their two completed innnings. The team batting wins.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team batting in the fourth innings loses all their wickets before they have scored as many runs as the opposing side scored in their two completed innnings. The team batting loses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One team scores more runs in its one completed innings than the opposing side scores in &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; its completed innings. That side wins &quot;by an innings&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tie occurs if both sides have an exactly equal number of runs at the conclusion of the fourth innings (16.5.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The result of a match shall be a Tie when all innings have been completed and the scores are equal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and anything else is a draw:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The result of a match shall be a Draw when it is not determined in any of the ways stated in 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 or 16.5.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(16.2 refers to one-innings matches so is not applicable to test matches, 16.3 refers to umpires awarding a match and 16.4 refers to agreements to alter the result conditions; no such agreement exists in the standard ICC Test Match playing conditions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T12:14:45.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17308" CreationDate="2017-11-27T21:04:02.640" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No you can't change paddles mid game, according to the &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Table Tennis Federation Handbook for 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4.2.4 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A racket shall not be replaced during an individual match unless it is&#xA;  accidentally damaged so badly that it cannot be used; if this happens the&#xA;  damaged racket shall be replaced immediately by another which the player&#xA;  has brought with him or her to the playing area or one which is handed to him&#xA;  or her in the playing area.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14357" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T11:57:34.293" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T11:57:34.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-27T23:19:51.913" Score="3" ViewCount="1600" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I can see, the following sports require that there has to be a winner/loser (draws aren't possible due to some continuation rule that leads to a winning result):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basketball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baseball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;American Football&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tennis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cricket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Darts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can some who's more familiar with any of these sports confirm or correct this impression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14358" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-28T00:47:36.100" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T00:47:36.100" Title="Which of these sports requires a definite winner and loser?" Tags="|rules|baseball|american-football|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17356" CreationDate="2017-11-28T00:15:32.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Barring &lt;em&gt;force majeure&lt;/em&gt; (police emergencies, building unsafe, etc) of your list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Basketball: always has a result. As many overtime periods as necessary are played, at least under NBA and FIBA rules.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Baseball: just about always has a result. As many extra innings as necessary are played - the only exception in MLB is if weather interrupts a game at the end of the season with no playoff implications in which case they may never finish the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;American football: NFL regular season matches have only one 15 minute sort-of sudden death overtime period. NFL playoff matches continue indefinitely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tennis: always has a result, via a tie-breaker in most tournaments, but three of the four Grand Slams play &quot;2 games clear&quot; in the final set; in the most extreme case, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;138 games were played in the final set&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cricket: Limited overs can result in a tie (or a no result if an insufficient number of overs are bowled); the tie is sometimes broken via a &quot;super over&quot;, but not in all cases. Timed matches can result in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17351/what-is-the-concept-of-test-cricket-how-and-when-is-it-decided-that-a-team-has&quot;&gt;either a draw &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; a tie&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Darts - I &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; always has a result, but I'm not that au fait with the various competitions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T00:15:32.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17358" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17436" CreationDate="2017-11-28T02:03:17.027" Score="3" ViewCount="570" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two terms are very popular in my locality. According to my teacher,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;overthrow:&lt;/strong&gt; is when fielder near the pitch misses throw from fielder at far &#xA;   off in field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He defined &quot;throw-by&quot; as the event when &quot;batsman has not touched the ball with his bat or gloves or any part of his body, he attempts run, fielder throws ball but misses run out&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, I found no mention of &quot;throw-by&quot; on the internet or in the laws as my teacher said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did he confuse &quot;throw-by&quot; with another popular terminology? Or is there really some &quot;throw-by&quot; phenomenon, conspicuously absent from the internet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-11-29T21:33:14.737" LastActivityDate="2017-12-09T23:27:38.247" Title="Overthrow and throw-by" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17358" CreationDate="2017-11-28T02:54:03.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This term is not known to a group of cricket enthusiasts and fans, and a Google search using various parameters relating to cricket wicketkeepers and overthrows did not find any results with the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I conclude that this term specifically for an overthrow by the wicketkeeper is not common in the world and probably limited to a small region or regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T02:54:03.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17381" CreationDate="2017-11-28T06:55:19.263" Score="2" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player goes ballistic on the ref or other players, can this cause his team to be punished? I expect there have been several games where a team lost due to infractions from one of their players--but have teams ever been suspended or penalized beyond the match, due to the bad behaviour of one of their players? Presumably, this is more likely to be punished if they keep having bad players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering about this primarily with Football, but am curious if this is the same across most sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14361" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T06:47:07.597" Title="Are Teams Penalized for Lone Player Behaviour?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-28T08:06:09.180" Score="6" ViewCount="1739" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, goal conversion rate is calculated as the number of goals scored divided by the number of shots taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the opposition scores an own goal in a game, or several such goals across a competition. Are the own goal(s) included when calculating a team's goal conversion rate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14362" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-28T19:30:14.357" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T00:24:06.043" Title="Are own goals considered when calculating goal conversion rate?" Tags="|football|statistics|scoring|own-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17345" CreationDate="2017-11-28T16:10:42.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One possibility is that you are focusing on your breathing. Once you are comfortable with that, then you can focus on other things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would recommend getting a pull buoy for the moment to keep your legs in position so you can work on your breathing. Several things to keep in mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turn your head the minimum required. Don’t be looking at the sky or ceiling. Good swimmers almost seem to breathe underwater, using the space behind the head’s bow wave. Until you are fast, that is hard, but over-rotating makes everything else hard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shoulders should be rotated, so your neck doesn’t have to turn very far at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;From the waist down there should be very little rotation. Do not extend rotate and extend your legs wide horizontally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once ok with breathing, shift focus to steady arm movement and steady leg kicking. Your stroke rules when you can breathe and does not stop or slow when you do so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T16:10:42.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17335" CreationDate="2017-11-28T22:25:11.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Kul if he was playing a shot, for him to remain out (i.e. On field call stays):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball needs to pitch in line with stumps or outside off stump (or can also be umpire's call, i.e. half pitching on leg stump, half pitching outside leg stump)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Impact must be in line with the stumps or umpire's call&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball must hit the stumps or be umpire's call&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no shot was offered, the only change is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Impact is irrelevant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball still cannot pitch outside leg stump (to avoid negative bowling creating a wicket)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't actually seen this incident, but those are the scenarios. Hope this answers your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-28T22:25:11.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17346" CreationDate="2017-11-29T04:42:56.177" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was surprisingly difficult to find solid data on this - individual play data is only readily available back to 1994, so consider this accurate up to that point. Anyway, the &lt;strong&gt;longest 3rd down conversion&lt;/strong&gt; I could find was Viking Leroy Hoard running 53 yards up the middle on 3rd and 37 against the Broncos on 10/31/99.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;longest 4th down conversion&lt;/strong&gt; since 1994 was the Bill's Rob Johnson throwing a bomb for a 40 yard touchdown to Peerless Price against the Colts on 4th and 34 on 9/23/01.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;longest down&lt;/strong&gt; since 1994 was 3rd and 50 yards, faced by two teams: the Vikings vs. the Packers (12/20/99) and the Redskins vs. the Bengals (9/23/12). Neither was converted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;longest 4th down&lt;/strong&gt; since 1994 was a 4th and 48 by the Raiders against the Chiefs on 10/13/13. They unsurprisingly punted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find a way to filter for 3rd/4th and goal, but hopefully this at least partially scratches your itch. All plays found with this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;tool&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T04:42:56.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17368" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-29T08:34:54.913" Score="1" ViewCount="2358" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you block a ball from traveling all the way through the basket, by knocking it back through the hoop from the basket area, do you block the opponents team from scoring? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14381" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-11-29T13:28:14.817" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T13:28:14.817" Title="Can you block a shot through the basket in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17368" CreationDate="2017-11-29T09:26:41.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt;, this is interference (Art 31.2.4):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interference occurs when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player reaches through the basket from below and touches the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The penalty specified in Art 31.3 then applies, which is basically &amp;quot;the basket counts&amp;quot;. NBA rules are effectively the same but with different wording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T09:26:41.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-11-29T19:56:51.397" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that DRS is utilised in T20 Internationals, the same rules/law applies there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T19:56:51.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1285" CreationDate="2017-11-29T20:06:54.223" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an avid badminton player this was quite a disgraceful act. It leads on to other sports, very linked with &quot;match fixing.&quot;  To answer your question does it happen in any other sport? Yes, cricket is a prime example. The lucrative nature of modern cricket bring both types of money into the game - white and black. Bowlers intentionally bowling no-balls, captains intentionally making poor tactical decisions and fielder's dropping simple catches are all examples of math-fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many of these players received bans, lifetime bans, fines and even jail sentence. A similar instance also occurred in a World Cup many years back where South Africa fielded a second-string team in their last round-robin match in order to lose, and to face an easier opponent in the quarter-final. There were sever repercussions for coaches, management, and the South Africa Cricket Board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T20:06:54.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10565" CreationDate="2017-11-29T20:15:48.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, yes, playing on direct concrete is quite severe on your knees, and lesser known but actually worse, is the impact it has on your lower back. In your case it sounds like a good pair of shoes is the best solution. It also depends how often you train/play, but if you p[lay regularly, to avoid heel pain, invest in a pair of gel heels. As I train most days, I have these and have found it extremely beneficial in reducing heel and back pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other most key thing, is lunging in a straight line as mentioned by @james. It is important to have an upright back and what on your quadriceps, rather than your back - should avoid falling forward when lunging to the net. This also significantly speeds up your recovery. Hope this helps and keep enjoying your badminton!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T20:15:48.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16757" CreationDate="2017-11-29T20:25:31.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Nij is very much correct. Cricket is a gentleman's game and it would be changing too much from traditions for fielder to start wearing gloves. Also the outer leather of a cricket ball is not as hard as the outer cover of the baseball - this is the same as the inside too - the baseball is not made from soft cork, so the &quot;sting&quot; of catching a slow moving baseball bare-handed is much more than a cricket ball. In a cricket innings, the ball is hardest is when new, as the ball condition deteriorates, the ball becomes softer and softer, and as a result we see less and less need for gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though broken and sprained fingers are common in cricket, they are not the leading cause of injuries - muscle injuries- back, shoulder, side and knee for fast bowlers, and hamstring for batsmen are still causing cricketers to have to spend time off the park.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T20:25:31.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17284" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:05:31.550" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well actually, if a batsmen moves either towards the off-side or leg-side, once the bowler is in his delivery stride, the wide range does expand, especially on the offside. If the ball is outside the off-side wide line, but the umpire believes the ball was within reachable distance, as a result of batsmen positioning, he may deem the ball be legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:05:31.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16028" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:13:39.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there's no secret - it will require dedication and time. However, there have been many instances of bowlers re-inventing themselves (at all levels of cricket). As a seamer myself, when I remodelled my action and approach earlier this year, I focussed on a few key things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wrist position - get it stiff, extended and (for an outswing bowler) angling towards 1st slip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maintain a strong left arm (for a right arm quick), keep it nice and high.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Try and be upright through your delivery stride.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the key aspect for your return @andrew would be to clarify if you are a front-on or side-on bowler (either is fine, compare Dale Steyn and Jimmy Anderson for instance). This will allow you to align your shoulders and hips accordingly reducing the risk of probably the thing most likely to derail your return, which would be a back injury. Then echoing in the the words of the other comments, build your run-up up slowly and go from there! Wishing you the best of luck in your return!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:13:39.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:18:15.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pre-shot routine whether it be golf, basketball, a batsman in cricket is in my belief a very mental aspect that acts a recollector for muscle memory. It puts your body in a position and your mind in a state to launch into the following movement, allowing you to call on all the muscle memory you've built up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:18:15.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16199" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:31:43.627" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;@kinjal The motivation arose from the vast success of the 2013 Champions Trophy - which is no surprise given India's success. They had previously planned to begin their proposed ICC World Test Championship instead from 2014. However after the dramatic crowd and TV viewers, they chose to retain it - why it took them 3 more years to finalise the Test Championship is due to issues regarding broadcasting and sponsorship. A couple of statements from Haroon Lorgat, then ICC Chief Executive, on the matter: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/540505.html&#xA;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/536018.html&#xA;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/561563.html&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastEditorUserId="14374" LastEditDate="2017-11-29T23:13:23.080" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T23:13:23.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17360" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:48:49.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes this happens in most team sports. In cricket, this is very prominent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually if one player acts contrary to the &quot;spirit of the game&quot; they will be  warned, fined (depending on the level of cricket), and/or suspended - all increasingly harsh penalties. Often at higher levels, the captain is also fined/penalized for the poor behaviour of one of his teammates. If the situation really escalates, then the club is sanctioned, and I have seen an instance in schoolboy cricket where a team was disqualified from the grade due to obsessive and profuse bad language and abuse (this was however 2 players, not just a lone player).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-11-30T06:47:07.597" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T06:47:07.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10501" CreationDate="2017-11-30T00:17:09.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I debate the thought that a &quot;rainy&quot; day is more conducive for fast/seam bowling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @maskedman pointed out, the air conditions have little effect on the ball, rather the variation in the ball's themselves (hardness, uniform curvature, lacquer thickness/robustness, seam strength) have a muhc larger impact on swing (along with bowler ability).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relating to the &quot;rainy days&quot; idea, this actually makes fast bowling much harder, for 2 main reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firstly, the bowling crease becomes &quot;greasy&quot; and landing the front foot is extremely risky and dangerous as is, let alone when wet. The potential for the foot to slide and tear the achilles, hamstring, or hyperextend the knee is extremely dangerous.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The other difficulty is that the ball also becomes slippery. This makes control of length very difficult for a seamer, hence why see bowlers in wet conditions often bowling unusually high full-tosses or even beamers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this relates to your idea that rainy weather is good for fast-bowling and helps to eliminate some preconceived notions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T00:17:09.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3033" CreationDate="2017-11-30T00:42:51.883" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2 captain's of the teams are also expected to write umpire reports, and the elite panel of ICC umpires review these too, to judge the player satisfaction of umpire quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T00:42:51.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17388" CreationDate="2017-11-30T03:39:18.633" Score="2" ViewCount="1361" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say the umpire at the non-striker's end has given an LBW, but the square leg umpire has observed that the ball is clearly too high to be hitting the stumps, can the square leg umpire override or advise the non-striker's end umpire's decision? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the square leg umpire in general have the same jurisdiction as the non-striker's end umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there decisions the square leg umpire has more power on than the non-striker's end umpire, e.g. height wides/no-balls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T23:12:59.173" Title="What happens if the 2 umpires in cricket disagree on a decision?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17386" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-30T12:48:02.727" Score="-6" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;as we can see there are limited teams which are playing cricket, and these teams have big names in the world, but why china don't have their cricket team for international?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14399" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T15:02:31.410" Title="Why China don't have their cricket team?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-12-01T12:41:11.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17386" CreationDate="2017-11-30T15:02:31.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is based on a false premise: China does have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_national_cricket_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cricket team&lt;/a&gt; which is affiliated with the ICC and has competed in various tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T15:02:31.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17385" CreationDate="2017-11-30T23:12:59.173" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Umpires may certainly consult each other and do maintain separate jurisdictions. The newest version of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/assets/Uploads/MCC-Laws-of-Cricket-2017-Code-Final-8-May.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;, dated 1st October 2017, published by the MCC, has several clauses dealing with this (they haven't changed significantly in meaning since the last version):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.11 Disagreement and dispute&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where there is disagreement or dispute about any matter, the umpires together shall make the final decision. See also Law 31.6 (Consultation by umpires).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;31.6 Consultation by umpires&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each umpire shall answer appeals on matters within his/her own jurisdiction. If an umpire is doubtful about any point that the other umpire may have been in a better position to see, he/she shall consult the latter on this point of fact and shall then give the decision. If, after consultation, there is still doubt remaining, the decision shall be Not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately the Laws themselves are somewhat less explicit about which umpire has jurisdiction for each decision, only sometimes explicitly assigning them to the bowler's end umpire or not. In my experience of the game, the bowler's end umpire would certainly consider an LBW appeal his or her job and give the final decision, but only a foolish umpire in a bad umpiring team wouldn't listen to information from his/her colleague if they had anything to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14041" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T23:12:59.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-01T11:02:58.323" Score="2" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;We're investigating a new idea: 'Distance measuring instrument for golf using network real-time kinematic (NRTK) for high-accuracy'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone knows if there is any industry using this technology for golf?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14418" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-02T01:27:09.477" LastActivityDate="2017-12-02T01:27:09.477" Title="Is there any industry using NRTK technology for measuring distance to the hole?" Tags="|equipment|golf|technology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17361" CreationDate="2017-12-01T13:55:19.870" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Own goals scored are reflected in the score sheet and therefore included in the total goals scored by the team at the end of the season. So, logically speaking they do include it the goal conversion rate for the team and not for any individual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14421" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T13:55:19.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1484" CreationDate="2017-12-01T18:24:57.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Years late. But I think the Devils' 90s trap was more of a passive 1-2-2 that would morph into an even more passive 1-4 when ahead. Julien uses a similar system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I recall correctly, the Flyers played a 1-4 against the Red Army, essentially lining 4 players in front of their own blue line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14428" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T18:24:57.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17394" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-03T06:28:10.983" Score="0" ViewCount="3145" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can football field be 100 yards long when there are presumably 32&quot; between each 4&quot; yard marker.&#xA;It does not add up when you measure from fifty-yard line (or any other).&#xA;From the 1 yard line, there is 32&quot; plus 4&quot;.  By same rule, that would mean 50 yards from far side of line. But that is true if ball was advancing in other direction, too, meaning field is 4&quot; short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14449" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-03T08:46:07.207" LastActivityDate="2023-12-22T02:05:22.073" Title="Are football fields 100 yards long. Document by reconciling space between yard markers" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17394" CreationDate="2017-12-03T09:17:06.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not getting, how you are calculating it but the plan of playing field from &lt;a href=&quot;http://edge-operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#plan-of-playing-field&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; clearly shows that the field is exactly 100 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c7n6g.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c7n6g.png&quot; alt=&quot;NFL field plan&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://edge-operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#plan-of-playing-field&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another figure that may help,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TVAve.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TVAve.gif&quot; alt=&quot;figure&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsknowhow.com/football/field-dimensions/nfl-football-field-dimensions.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T09:17:06.193" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17397" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-03T21:32:17.323" Score="5" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most Olympic sports are competed by individuals, or by teams that are are assembled from individuals in a selection or trial process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But curling (at least in the US) selects existing teams to represent in the mens and womens events.  (Even after reading the US curling site, I'm still not clear on how the mixed event is selected)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other sports where existing teams of players compete for selection instead of individuals?  A team should be larger than 2 people for the purposes of this question, so not counting any pairs events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2017-12-04T01:48:16.570" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T02:25:17.667" Title="Olympic sports where teams compete for entry" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-04T11:43:57.487" Score="1" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a single round-robin schedule, each participant plays every other&#xA;  participant once. If each participant plays all others twice, this is&#xA;  frequently called a double round-robin. The term is rarely used when&#xA;  all participants play one another more than twice, and &lt;strong&gt;is never used&#xA;  when one participant plays others an unequal number of times&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say a tournament is held during 10 days and an entire round fits in one week exactly, no more and no less. With round I am referring to an entire cycle where each team plays every other once. The next round cannot be completed because of time constraints so there is only 3 days to organize a partial round where each teams plays a second match against &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; of the other teams but not all. So this is neither a single round-robin schedule nor a double round-robin one, but something in between. So what do you call it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what do you call it when each team plays the other 3 times or more? And more instances of unequal number of teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14472" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-04T13:12:01.000" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T13:12:01.000" Title="What is the name of round-robins when teams play others an unequal number of times?" Tags="|terminology|tournaments|schedule|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14523" CreationDate="2017-12-05T01:39:14.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all major badminton tournaments, not just the Olympics, they only use a limited number of courts for major games (e.g semifinals and finals). As a result the scheduling works in a way for example on one day, on a specific court:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women's Doubles Semi Final #1 4pm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men's Doubles Semi Final #1 5pm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women's Singles Semi Final #1 6pm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men's Singles Semi Final #1 7pm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed Doubles Semi Final #1 8pm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here apart from the first match, Women's Doubles Semi Final #1, all other times are estimates, and the matches may begin earlier or later than anticipated, accordingly with when the previous match finishes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is known as the &quot;Order of Play&quot; and each match will be numbered. Often the time estimates may not even be shown (apart for the first match), just the order in which the matches will proceed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the reason why the game you wanted to watch did not quite appear at the scheduled time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T02:09:52.380" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T02:09:52.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4555" CreationDate="2017-12-05T01:44:18.033" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes the bat is damaged, but not irrepairable, if  you have such an issue, a good fix is to sand the bottom, and put a Kevlar toe guard (or get this put on). It will simultaneously hold the toe of the bat together and stop any further moisture getting in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T01:44:18.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17406" CreationDate="2017-12-05T22:12:25.077" Score="2" ViewCount="910" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.as.com/en/2017/12/05/football/1512510926_331291.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; Atlético Madrid has to play in the Europa league next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Atlético Madrid finished last liga championship - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;La liga 2016-17&lt;/a&gt; in the &quot;top 3 qualification spots for Champions League group stage&quot;. And this year they are in the top 3 also. Why do they have to play in the Europa League then? Isn't qualification for the Champions League supposed to be the top3/top4 teams in La Liga?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T04:11:06.287" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T15:43:08.883" Title="Why Atlético Madrid has to play in the Europa league and not in the Champions league the next year if they were in the top 3 past year in la liga?" Tags="|rules|football|champions-league|la-liga|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17397" CreationDate="2017-12-05T23:24:47.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curling and maybe rowing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find anything official, and I didn't understand all the information I found on rowing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went down the list of Olympic sports and made my own list of sports that seemed to involve team competition.  Most are pretty obvious, but several I wasn't certain of.  Sailing in particular appears to only have events with one or two sailors at a time, so not a team event for this question.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;athletics (some track relay events are teams.  Not sure of any others&#xA;here)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;basketball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cycling (team pursuit)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;football&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gymnastics artistic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gymnastics rythmic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;handball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hockey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rowing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;rugby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;swimming (some relay events are team competition)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;synchronized swimming&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;volleyball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;water polo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bobsleigh&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;curling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ice hockey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this is my own list, there could be mistakes.  Many of the major sports I know (like team USA basketball and ice hockey) have a national team that is composed of selected individuals.  For the others, I tried to find information on the selection process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only ones that seemed likely to be similar to curling to me were bobsleigh and rowing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everything I could find for bobsleigh suggests that individuals are selected onto the national team.  I don't know how the competing teams are put together, but it appears to be after team selection, not before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last one that bugged me is rowing.  There seem to be different procedures for selection by different rowing classes.  So while some individuals are chosen, I got the impression that some classes might be selected as a crew through trials.  If anyone knows more detail about rowing to rule it in or out, that would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T23:24:47.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17404" CreationDate="2017-12-06T04:32:51.147" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In which European competition a team &lt;strong&gt;starts&lt;/strong&gt; to play is determined by the results of the team in the previous season of their domestic league. Which means, as in the season 2016-17 Atlético became third in La Liga, they &lt;strong&gt;started&lt;/strong&gt; 2017-18 season in the Champions League (CL) group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as the CL is more prestigious tournament than the EL, it allows a team finishing third in the group stages of the CL to continue their European campaign in the EL of the same season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this is what exactly the article tells us: Atlético finished La Liga 2016-17 in the top 3. This allowed them to start their European campaign in CL 2017-18, then finished third in their CL group and advanced to the next stage in the EL 2017-18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2017-12-07T15:43:08.883" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T15:43:08.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17409" CreationDate="2017-12-06T09:50:39.513" Score="5" ViewCount="959" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was learning Laws of the Game from IFAB  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official website&lt;/a&gt; and have a question about the technical area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/the-technical-area&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws&lt;/a&gt;, it states as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;9. Technical Area&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the occupants of the technical area:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are identified before the start of the match in accordance with the competition rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;must behave in a responsible manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;must remain within its confines except in specific circumstances, e.g. physiotherapist/doctor entering the field of play, with the referee’s permission, to assess an injured player&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at the third item in italic font. I don't see it clearly states about substitutes. I see substitution players do warm-up during the match, in the area along the touchlines outside of the technical one. Is anything mentioned about this clearly in other chapters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14503" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T12:05:27.523" Title="IFAB: Technical Area, Substitutes" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17408" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-06T11:19:35.687" Score="3" ViewCount="1806" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I check the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/team-rankings/test&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ranking of test cricket&lt;/a&gt;. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gECRm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gECRm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ranking&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;What is the meaning of points, as Sri lanka have third highest point however they are 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; ranked team? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14507" LastEditorUserId="14507" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T12:16:53.487" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T13:02:29.417" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;Points&quot; in ICC rankings?" Tags="|cricket|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17407" CreationDate="2017-12-06T12:05:27.523" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't found anything mentioning warming up of substitutes in official rules of FIFA (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/the-technical-area&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;new&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2011_12e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;old&lt;/a&gt;), however I was able to find this in competition specific rules like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efl.com/clubs-and-competitions/carabao-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carabao Cup (EFL)&lt;/a&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/46/71/38/2467138_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2017/18&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 41 Rules governing the technical area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;41.03 &lt;strong&gt;During the match, substitutes are allowed to leave the technical area to warm up&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;The referee determines exactly where they may warm up (behind the first&#xA;assistant referee or behind the advertising boards behind the goal) and how many&#xA;substitutes are allowed to warm up simultaneously. In principle, three substitutes&#xA;per team are allowed to warm up at the same time; exceptionally, if space so&#xA;permits, the referee can allow up to seven substitutes of each team to warm up&#xA;simultaneously in the determined area. The team fitness coach (indicated on the&#xA;match sheet) may join the players warming up and is responsible for the respect&#xA;of the referee’s instructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efl.com/clubs-and-competitions/carabao-cup/about-the-carabao-cup/carabao-cup-rules--regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carabao Cup Rules &amp;amp; Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 Substitutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10.3 All substitutes must be nominated and included on the official Team Sheet handed to the Referee prior to the match. &lt;strong&gt;Not more than three substitutes of each Club may warm up or down at the same time on the perimeter of the pitch on which the match is being played.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which shows that this rule is specific to different competitions. So, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_area#cite_note-FIFALaws-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;substitutes may warm up along the side of the pitch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; as per the regulation of a competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T12:05:27.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17408" CreationDate="2017-12-06T12:14:02.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The points are the raw accumulation of marks from the ranking system. Since teams only win points, not lose them, teams which have played more matches will tend to have more points, even if they've also lost more matches. This point score is then averaged by dividing through by the number of matches to provide the rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As explained by another &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/icc-rankings/team-rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page on the site&lt;/a&gt;, the points gained are are a combination through a mathematical formula of the results of the matches in a series and the relative strength of the teams, so that a team gains more points for beating a high rated team than a low one. This is similar to the Elo rating scheme developed in chess and now being applied to other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_Test_Championship#Test_championship_calculations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The precise scheme&lt;/a&gt; (from Wikipedia) is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Award 1 mark to a team for each match won.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Award ½ mark to a team for each match drawn or tied.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Award 1 bonus mark to the team winning the series.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Award ½ bonus mark to each team if the series is drawn.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ratings points awarded are then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If teams rating difference less than 40:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(team's own mark) x (opponent's rating+50) &#xA;+&#xA;(opponent's mark) x (opponent's rating−50)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If teams rating difference more than 40:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;The ratings points for the stronger team equals:&#xA;(team's own mark) x (team's own rating + 10) &#xA;+&#xA;(opponent's mark) x (team's own rating−90)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ratings points for the weaker team equals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(team's own mark) x (team's own rating+90) &#xA;+&#xA;(opponent's mark) x (team's own rating−10).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14041" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T12:14:02.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-07T10:44:49.853" Score="5" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've booked tickets to watch FC Barcelona play Athletic Club Bilbao, currently scheduled for Sunday 18th March, 2018. Since the date and time won't generally be confirmed until about 2 weeks prior to this date, I'm wondering whether there is any chance this game would be rearranged for a different weekend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be moved to a different weekend to cater to cup matches, for example? Or if I booked to stay in Barcelona (Flying from the UK) from Friday 16th until Tuesday 20th, would the match definitely be within this period and make it safe to book now whilst prices are low?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12543" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-07T11:22:08.783" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T11:18:19.640" Title="Spanish Football Calendar" Tags="|football|schedule|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17414" CreationDate="2017-12-07T11:22:58.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.laliga.es/en/other-competitions/copa-del-rey/semifinals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;La Liga website&lt;/a&gt;, there are no cup matches in March. And generally, cup matches never clash with La Liga matches, and the only instance when La Liga games are rescheduled due to clashes with other tournaments is in December if a La Liga team plays in Club World Cup, in which neither Barcelona nor Athletic Club participate this season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dates you booked your stay are completely safe, cause even if the match will be rescheduled it may only be played on Saturday instead of Sunday, as Barcelona and Real Madrid play their matches only during weekends due to TV rights agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T11:18:19.640" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T11:18:19.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12770" CreationDate="2017-12-07T13:04:53.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Salomon (and others?), as of 2016, makes NNN compatible bindings (and boots) under the &quot;ProLink&quot; name in addition to their SNS offerings. I believe that ProLink bindings have the same mounting screw holes as SNS bindings, so that might be an easier option than filling screw holes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://xcskiforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=4865&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://xcskiforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=4865&lt;/a&gt; for some discussion and this note from Atomic &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atomic.com/en/sns-bindings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.atomic.com/en/sns-bindings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14513" LastEditorUserId="14513" LastEditDate="2017-12-09T13:32:14.863" LastActivityDate="2017-12-09T13:32:14.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16991" CreationDate="2017-12-07T15:10:21.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand your question correctly, you're describing what I would call a hammer throw where the disc is near veritcal over the head at release and whether a thumber or backhand delivery is clockwise spin for a right-handed throw.  The side of the disc moving forward provides lift and counters the angle of hyzer in a regular frisbee disc, but not so much with golf discs because of the additional weight of the discs, hence overstable discs tend to fall to the angle of hyzer.  This particular throw at first appears to defy that logic except that because of the angle of release, the lift generated by the faster forward-moving part of the disc is working -with- gravity instead of against it and therefore turns even harder, in this case turning harder to the left, or as you describe it, rolling to the right.  If you release the disc at the same angle, but flipped 180 degrees it will not not drop off to the left much at all, if any, and will tend to hold that angle until it makes contact with the ground and rolls.  It all comes down to the flight dynamics of the naturally-designed lift working with gravity instead of against it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I've explained this clearly - it's not easy to describe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally use this shot as an up-shot if there are obstacles in front of me that I can clear by throwing over, but want the disc to come down flat and -not- roll or skip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bill Hileman&#xA;PDGA #1577&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T15:10:21.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17338" CreationDate="2017-12-08T05:43:55.253" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there have been a few instances of the net cord deciding championship point in both the Men's and Women's tours:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ATP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHQm-6FqkXI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - CA-TennisTrophy (Vienna) 2002, Roger Federer vs. Jiří Novák&lt;/a&gt; - The 21 year old Federer claimed his 8th title by striking a forehand which clipped the tape and fell on the side Novák.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJ-7qbmF42Y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - Miami 2006, Roger Federer vs. Ivan Ljubicic&lt;/a&gt; - To cap off a thrilling final that went into a tiebreak all three sets, Roger ended it with a lucky net cord on the return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7-6&lt;sup&gt;(5)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7-6&lt;sup&gt;(4)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7-6&lt;sup&gt;(6)&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n7cNw_xf0k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - Gerry Weber Open 2010, Lleyton Hewitt vs. Roger Federer&lt;/a&gt; - The three set final victory ended in a mid-rally net cord that fell the way of Hewitt at the gasp of the crowd. This victory broke a 15-match losing streak against Federer for Hewitt, and was the first time Federer had lost since 2002 in Halle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3–6, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(4)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQiIc6JRZ1Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - Gazprom Hungarian Open 2018, Marco Cecchinato vs. John Millman&lt;/a&gt; - The net cord shot was struck by the eventual champion and 1st time ATP Tour tournament winner Marco Cecchinato.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7-5, 6-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WTA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1k3a1c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - Wimbledon 1988, Steffi Graf vs. Martina Navratilova&lt;/a&gt; - In what proved to be a hard fought match, Graf pulled it out against then 6-time defending champion on a net cord return. Graf's slam victory proved to be a crucial one as it was the penultimate slam that enabled Graf to achieve the only &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)#Golden_Slam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Calendar Year Golden Slam&lt;/a&gt; in tennis history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5–7, 6–2, 6–1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySTzBIE7LRo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final - St. Petersburg Open 2019, Kiki Bertens vs. Donna Vekic&lt;/a&gt; - On her 4th championship point, Kiki Bertens was able to strike a backand that clipped the tape, and proved to be too great of a distance for Donna Vekic to run down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7-6, 6-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T07:37:08.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17419" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:06:48.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Home Runs in baseball or softball are hits that travel over the boundary (wall) in fair territory.  They score a run for the batter plus one run for each of the runners currently on base, if any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T18:10:48.080" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T18:10:48.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17420" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:06:48.493" Score="0" Body="For a question relating to home runs in Baseball or Softball. This tag should be combined with a tag for the specific sport.  Should only be used for questions that are specifically about a home run (defining what is a home run, statistics about home runs in particular, etc.)." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T18:10:48.080" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T18:10:48.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17421" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:13:04.223" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T08:13:04.223" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T08:13:04.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17422" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:13:04.223" Score="0" Body="For a question relating to a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking. Questions must also be tagged for the specific competition." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T10:13:44.087" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T10:13:44.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17423" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:47:58.310" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T08:47:58.310" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T08:47:58.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17424" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:47:58.310" Score="0" Body="For questions about the style or manner of grasping a sport equipment, like a tennis racket. Question should also be tagged with specific sport." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-09T01:46:15.770" LastActivityDate="2017-12-09T01:46:15.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17425" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:48:56.070" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T08:48:56.070" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T08:48:56.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17426" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-12-08T08:48:56.070" Score="0" Body="Questions about &quot;The Championships, Wimbledon&quot;, commonly known simply as Wimbledon and should also be tagged with [tennis] tag." OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T10:18:16.127" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T10:18:16.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-08T09:38:04.740" Score="5" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;During curling matches it is easy to check the percentage for each shot of for each player, but how are those values determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each shots can be classified with the following values: 0% - 25% - 50% - 75% - 100%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it is easy to determine the real value, but how in this case (see the picture):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stone #15 the tem green would like to draw a point (closer than the yellow one). If the green stone is closer to the yellow it takes 100%, if it was farther it takes 0% (I believe so).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is it possible to classificate this shot considering that is not possible to take a measure before the shot of #16?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zzHSt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zzHSt.png&quot; alt=&quot;curling_point&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T15:28:59.243" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T22:01:55.340" Title="How are the votes on curling shots determined?" Tags="|ranking|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17212" CreationDate="2017-12-08T11:29:41.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rubbers have a big impact on how the ball behaves during and after the hit.&#xA;Thicker sponge (not rubber) means longer contact of the ball on the racket, because it dives in and gets pushed out for a longer time which results in a catapult effect. Longer contact time also means more possibility to create spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thinner or no sponge rubbers result in shorter ball contact and produce less spin and tempo, but give more control over the ball. They are less effected by the coming spin and just slower in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are anti-spin rubbers, on which the ball just slips and the spin is directed back to the opponent. They cant produce them on their own and are never affected by it.&#xA;Keep in mind that if you chop and your opponent then returns with an anti spin rubber, the ball is still spinning in the same direction but coming to you now, which results in a hit as if your opponent looped. Also the other way around: if you looped and your oppoent hits the ball with an anti spin rubber, the ball comes back as if he chopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pimple rubbers have a similar effect, but not as strong. They can still turn the spin around (In the perspective of the opponent player it was backspin and now it is topspin, while in reality it was only the ball flight direction which was changed) but not to the same extent and they can still produce spin on their own, depending on their grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are long and short pimples. Short ones are used by players with a harder playstyle, because they dont need to care about the opponents spin and can smash in almost any position. They dont allow a flexible playstyle though.&#xA;Long Pimples bend while you hit the ball and slow it down. The bending can result in weird and unusual flight curves, especially when more and more spin is involved.&#xA;Defensive players like to have a long pimpled rubber on their backhand to slow the opponents attacks down and turning the attacking loop into backspin so the attacker has a harder time to loop again and is not able to smash because of the spin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11725" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T11:29:41.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17430" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-08T20:57:33.030" Score="4" ViewCount="1286" Body="&lt;p&gt;PSG just finished first of Group B in the UEFA Champions League Group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PSG scored 25 times during the six games, finishing with an average goalscoring rate of 4.1666 per match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the greatest number of goals scored by a single team during the group stage? If it is not, which team has scored more goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14519" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T21:06:22.323" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T21:15:15.057" Title="Which team has scored the most goals during the group stage of a single UEFA Champions League?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17430" CreationDate="2017-12-08T21:15:15.057" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2499027.html#/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to UEFA themselves, at December 6, 2017&lt;/a&gt; this is indeed the greatest number of goals scored in a campaign, and is therefore the greatest number of goals scored in the group stage, by a single club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T21:15:15.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17358" CreationDate="2017-12-09T23:27:38.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As much I understand the context, your teacher probably wants the differentiate a bye run and a normal run in the context of overthrow. These two can also be looked into as two entirely different context. Whatever comes off the bat is normal run and whatever does not come off the bat are extra run - in our context a bye run. On the other hand overthrow is any run conceded by the fielding team after the event of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;throw&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by the fielders, as you described correctly above. The term, according to my knowledge, is &lt;strong&gt;not any official term&lt;/strong&gt;, but it is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;widely used&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to convey the sense of &lt;strong&gt;Bye + Overthrow&lt;/strong&gt; in different parts of India.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cheers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11357" LastActivityDate="2017-12-09T23:27:38.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17437" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-10T13:42:29.637" Score="12" ViewCount="52942" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between a manager and a coach in case of a football team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two terms are used frequently and interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12610" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T20:52:58.527" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T13:25:17.187" Title="What is the difference between a manager and a coach in case of a football team?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17437" CreationDate="2017-12-10T15:41:52.287" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that these 2 terms have equivalent meanings in football. And whenever you read one of these words in a sports article, most of the times, authors don't distinguish between terms and don't emphasize any specific meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The long answer is that the term &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manager_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;manager&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is frequently used in the UK to distinguish between a &lt;em&gt;&quot;normal coach&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and a &lt;em&gt;&quot;a coach who also has responsibilities of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;sporting director (director of football)&lt;/a&gt;&quot; - a &quot;manager&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. In continental Europe, however, the terms &lt;em&gt;&quot;(head) coach&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;trainer&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are more prevalent, and in addition, many clubs have explicit sporting director positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact difference can be best understood by reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricio_Pochettino&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mauricio Pochettino&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;a href=&quot;https://offsiderulepodcast.com/2015/02/04/head-coach-vs-manager-an-unnecessary-trend/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;explanation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you are the manager, you decide many things about the club. But if&#xA;  you are a head coach, your responsibility is to play better, try to&#xA;  improve the players and to get positive results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At Southampton, I was a manager. My responsibility was not only to&#xA;  coach [train] the team. With Tottenham, I am a head coach.  A head coach is&#xA;  head of your department. My department is to train the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, the main difference is that in the UK, people use &quot;manager&quot; and in the rest of Europe, people prefer &quot;(head) coach&quot;. Here are the demonstrative examples from official websites of some biggest clubs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zinedine Zidane&lt;/a&gt; - Real Madrid - not UK - &quot;coach&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernesto Valverde&lt;/a&gt; - Barcelona - not UK - &quot;coach&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.juventus.com/en/teams/first-team/technical-staff/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Massimiliano Allegri&lt;/a&gt; - Juventus - not UK - &quot;head coach&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/first-team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jupp Heynckes&lt;/a&gt; - Bayern Munich - not UK - &quot;head coach&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Mourinho&lt;/a&gt; - Manchester United - UK - &quot;manager&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/first-team/staff/jurgen-klopp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jürgen Klopp&lt;/a&gt; - Liverpool - UK - &quot;manager&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T16:00:30.343" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T16:00:30.343" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17437" CreationDate="2017-12-10T16:02:02.223" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you said in question these terms are used interchangeably. From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manager_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In association football, a manager is an occupation of head coach in the United Kingdom responsible for running a football club or a national team. Outside the British Isles and across most of Europe, a title of head coach or coach is predominant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The title of manager is almost exclusively used in British football. In the majority of countries where professional football is played, the person responsible for the direction of a team is awarded the position of coach or &amp;quot;trainer&amp;quot;. For instance, &lt;em&gt;despite the general equivalence in responsibilities, &lt;strong&gt;Bobby Robson was referred to as the manager of England&lt;/strong&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;Joachim Löw was described as the head coach of Germany&lt;/strong&gt; (Germany also has a team manager role that is subordinate to the head coach and that is filled by Oliver Bierhoff)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.essentiallysports.com/manager-vs-head-coach-real-boss/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the difference between these terms can be understood as&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A manager is a part of a football team who has complete authority over the running and functioning of the team. He has the autonomy to choose his supporting staff, along with the provision to add players to the team if he deems it necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and, a head coach is only given the responsibility of ensuring his team putting a good performance in the match they are playing. That includes the likes of choosing a first team and training the players in specific sets of routines required for their position in the team. The management of the team is under the club board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tottenham Manager Pochettino, in his interview accurately put what the difference is in the two roles&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://offsiderulepodcast.com/2015/02/04/head-coach-vs-manager-an-unnecessary-trend/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.essentiallysports.com/manager-vs-head-coach-real-boss/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tottenhamjournal.co.uk/sport/tottenham-hotspur/spurs-boss-why-there-s-a-key-difference-between-a-head-coach-and-manager-1-3861711&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pochettino has explained: “If you are the manager, you decide many things about the club. But if you are a head coach, your responsibility is to play better, try to improve the players and to get positive results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“At Southampton, I was a manager. My responsibility was not only to coach the team. With Tottenham, I am a head coach.  A head coach is head of your department. My department is to train the team.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when former Sunderland head coach Paolo Di Canio got sacked after just 13 games in charge in September 2013 . &lt;a href=&quot;https://offsiderulepodcast.com/2015/02/04/head-coach-vs-manager-an-unnecessary-trend/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;He stated illustrating differences between roles of these two&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Not one of those [players] was bought by me. Roberto De Fanti and Valentino Angeloni were the two responsible for that technical error, with the maximum support from the chairman, which is Ellis Short. But I didn’t bring in one player. I asked for them to bring in 80 per cent British footballers.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At last&lt;/strong&gt;, many websites&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/890443/Antonio-Conte-Chelsea-West-Ham-defeat-sportgalleries&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42205607&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; even &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/managers/5556/Antonio-Conte/overview&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;premierleague.com&lt;/a&gt; use these two terms interchangeably and shows &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Conte&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio Conte&lt;/a&gt; as a manager of the club &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chelseafc.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea F.C.&lt;/a&gt;, while the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chelseafc.com/teams/management-team.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official website&lt;/a&gt; lists Conte as a head coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;For comparison against manager considering coach as head coach.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://oxblogger.blogspot.com/2014/08/whats-difference-between-coach-and.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;What's the difference between a coach and a manager?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Football-soccer-What-is-the-difference-between-football-coach-and-football-manager&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football (soccer) :What is the difference between football coach and football manager?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/890432/Chelsea-transfer-news-Antonio-Conte&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio Conte asked who Chelsea will sign... here's his response&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T16:41:26.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14310" CreationDate="2017-12-11T10:36:44.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The confusion is because of rule changes introduced after the 2000 Sydney olympics. The serve now changes after 2 points. Previously the served changed after 5 points. Also, a game is now first to 11 points not 21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14528" LastActivityDate="2017-12-11T10:36:44.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17321" CreationDate="2017-12-11T12:58:34.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you are asking about &lt;em&gt;head coach&lt;/em&gt; as management team of football club can have other coaches like fitness coach, goalkeeper coach and like. See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chelseafc.com/teams/management-team.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea FC management team&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Responsibilities of a head coach in a professional football club usually include (but are not limited to) the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Selecting the team of players for matches, and their formation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Planning the strategy, and instructing the players on the pitch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Motivating players before and during a match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scouting for young players for eventual training in the youth academy or the reserves, and encouraging their development and improvement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Facing the media in pre-match and post-match interviews.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delegating duties to other &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching_staff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;coaching and medical staff&lt;/a&gt;.*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.essentiallysports.com/manager-vs-head-coach-real-boss/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The management of the team (coaching and medical staff) might be under the club board&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information read &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(sport)#Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;References:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manager_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manager (association football)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17437/what-is-the-difference-between-a-manager-and-a-coach-in-case-of-a-soccer-team&quot;&gt;What is the difference between a manager and a coach in case of a soccer team?&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-12-11T12:58:34.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17445" CreationDate="2017-12-12T02:07:07.717" Score="8" ViewCount="2491" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Ballon d'Or is presented by France Football and honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year. I've read that it is based on voting by football journalists but I haven't been able to find out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Who are the voting journalists and which countries are they from?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether the system is based on one vote per journalist, or are the votes weighted in any way?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14532" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-12T12:30:40.600" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T18:47:33.663" Title="How are the Ballon d'Or scores determined?" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17444" CreationDate="2017-12-12T12:27:22.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, let's look at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.totalsportek.com/news/ballon-dor-voting-process-rules-changes/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules and regulation of Ballon d'Or published in 2016&lt;/a&gt;(Not able to find 2017 rules),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Only respected football Journalists will take part in the voting process (most of the Journalists will be from France, England, Spain, Germany and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;France Football&lt;/a&gt; media outlets.)&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr/news/A-lire-dans-france-football-special-ballon-d-or-2017-le-detail-des-votes-qui-ont-consacre-cristiano-ronaldo/857542&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;France Football article&lt;/a&gt; shows different jurors from France, Argentina, Japan, Mexico and Algeria who voted in favor of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;, winner of Ballon d'Or 2017. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;France Football will use a pool of 30 top players who Journalists can vote for.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The scoring system is likely to be the same. Every Journalists will pick his top three in preferred order. No.1 pick has 5 points, No.2 has 3 followed by 1 point for no.3 pick.&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr/news/A-lire-dans-france-football-special-ballon-d-or-2017-le-detail-des-votes-qui-ont-consacre-cristiano-ronaldo/857542&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article published by France Football&lt;/a&gt; shows few jurors vote which indicates they choose their first five pick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;France Football won’t be revealing any top 3 finalists before the ceremony. Which means it will be a total surprise from voting process to announcement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;France Football has announced they will be revealing the winner in December every year. unlike the FIFA Ballon d'Or ceremony which took place on second Monday of January.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So,   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Who are the voting journalists and which countries are they from?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Respected football journalists predominantly from France, England, Spain, Germany and France Football media outlets are the ones to take part in voting process.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Whether the system is based on one vote per journalist, or are the votes weighted in any way?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Jurors will pick their top players with different points per their order of selection (See rules above), which will be totaled to decide the eventual winner. For 2017 Ballon d'Or Cristiano won with 946 points with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-sommaire-du-numero-special-de-france-football-en-kiosque-vendredi-consacre-au-ballon-d-or-2017/857431&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;176 jurors&lt;/a&gt; voting. See: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Le-classement-complet-du-ballon-d-or-2017/857283&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The complete classification of the Ballon d'Or 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-12-12T12:27:22.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17448" CreationDate="2017-12-13T15:13:01.040" Score="3" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering what do they write on these trophies, what material they are made of too. Couldn't find this in Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HXSAb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HXSAb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ATP trophy&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12848" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T00:13:18.400" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T00:13:18.400" Title="What is written on the last ATP finals trophy?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17447" CreationDate="2017-12-13T17:27:03.600" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Finals#Points,_prize_money_and_trophies&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This trophy&lt;/a&gt; made by silversmiths &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lyte&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Thomas Lyte&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/business-20759536&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;made up of Silver&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Winners of major sports tournaments, such as tennis' ATP World Tour, are invariably rewarded with enormous silver trophies.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Logo at the bottom of trophy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9uRpE.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9uRpE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;trophy b&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the text written on it is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/9435603/atp-honor-brad-drewett-renamed-trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;THE BRAD DREWETT TROPHY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/11100/tennis-atp-names-seasonending-championships-trophy-after-late-chief-brad-drewett/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; with previous year winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trophy &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/9435603/atp-honor-brad-drewett-renamed-trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is named The Brad Drwett Trophy in honor of the ATP executive chairman and president&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Drewett&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brad Drewett&lt;/a&gt;, who died from Motor Neurone Disease (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZbZXj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZbZXj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;names&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/p14-tennis-a-20141118.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k1stI.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k1stI.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;names 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://financialtribune.com/sites/default/files/field/image/17january/16_dimitrov.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-17T11:54:14.083" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T11:54:14.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-13T23:50:34.153" Score="9" ViewCount="658" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fastest man ever, Usain Bolt, world record holder of the 100 and 200 meter sprints suffers from Scoliosis. This is a condition which causes curvature to the spine. The curvature in his spine has caused his right leg to be slightly shorter than the left leg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also read about other sprinters with lower reputation who also had Scoliosis. For example a Canadian national sprinter used to run third in 4x100 relays to &quot;take advantage&quot; of his uneven leg lengths in the curve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any links between Scoliosis and leg length differential and sprinting performance? Has there been a study on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T15:45:55.283" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T15:45:55.283" Title="Is there any link between Scoliosis and sprinting?" Tags="|trivia|running|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16521" CreationDate="2017-12-15T09:05:01.990" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a Sports Vision Trainer (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsvision.com.au/svt/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SVT&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lDHIE.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lDHIE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;SVT&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The SVTs come in different sizes and Lomachenko uses the smaller one with 32 lights.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They also have the picture of him using it on their &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsvision.com.au/information/svt-produces-world-champions/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T09:05:01.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16703" CreationDate="2017-12-15T16:24:43.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a stableford match, a par (after handicap adjustment) would give you 2 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore the par can be calculated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;(number-of-holes-played x 2) - current-points&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13811" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T16:24:43.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17454" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17456" CreationDate="2017-12-17T08:58:31.313" Score="8" ViewCount="3651" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some sports, two teams compete against each other for a set amount of time (e.g. soccer, basketball) or another fixed quantity (like baseball). In those sports, do men's teams score more points on average (against each other) than women's teams, or vice versa? Or is there not any noticeable difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, take the last editions of the FIFA (soccer) World Cups for women:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/a&gt; (2.81 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; (2.69 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; (3.47 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for men:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt; (2.67 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; (2.27 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; (2.3 goals per match)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The women score more goals per match than their male counterparts. Is this common throughout (association) football, or just a coincidence? And how about other sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;If there are any sports where women's matches last longer/shorter than men's, e.g. 30 minutes instead of 40, I'd expect the statistics to compensate for that; it's really the 'goals per minute' that I'm after.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2023-11-22T18:11:07.877" LastActivityDate="2023-11-22T18:11:07.877" Title="Scores of men's vs. women's teams" Tags="|statistics|gender|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17455" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-17T10:39:11.647" Score="4" ViewCount="3050" Body="&lt;p&gt;In pool it is often said by the commentators that a player/team is &lt;em&gt;&quot;on the hill&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or if the match goes to the last rack: a &quot;&lt;em&gt;hill-hill&lt;/em&gt; game&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where were these terms first coined, and by whom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;em&gt;on the hill&lt;/em&gt; is used when a player/team is one rack away from winning their match, for example the commentator might say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... and Joe Public wins the rack to put him on the hill in this race-to-5 match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;em&gt;hill-hill&lt;/em&gt; is used when both players/teams are one rack away from winning the match, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... and Team Europe win this rack to square up the scores, and take us to hill-hill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-17T10:41:44.470" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T18:13:09.303" Title="What is the origin of the term 'on the hill' in pool?" Tags="|history|terminology|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2017-12-17T10:53:51.600" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer it's due to the much bigger difference between the best teams and the others. While in men's world cups it's kinda rare to outscore a team by 5-6 goals it's even likely for the women to outscore an opponent by 10 goals. In competitions with more equal teams you won't see that many goals anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following chart shows the difference of goals per match for the German Bundesliga. Last year the men even scored more, while the female teams' performance difference was on an equal level (Thanks to the Hamburger SV taking beatings regularly). Unlike the men's league the women's league always has one or two teams getting beat up badly, thus increasing the statistics. (13/14 it was Sindelfingen with 4:123 goals, which led to the 3,95 goals per match)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jleuol.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jleuol.png&quot; alt=&quot;bundesliga men/women&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/193153/umfrage/durchschnittliche-anzahl-der-tore-pro-saison-in-der-herren-und-frauen-fussballbundesliga/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Graph source&lt;/a&gt; (German)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at handball you won't see a difference that big. This is because the teams are not that different. You still have the best regularly beating the not-so-good teams, but the difference between men and women is gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example last year's record of goals per match from Germany:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;League  |  Men  |  Women&#xA;  1       53.96    54.57&#xA;  2       53.41    53.59&#xA;  3       59.90    52.30&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Results taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://bundesligainfo.de/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (German)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's no general &quot;problem&quot; of the gender. It just depends on the performance difference within a competition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2017-12-17T15:02:16.860" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T15:02:16.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17458" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17459" CreationDate="2017-12-18T16:28:06.557" Score="8" ViewCount="4900" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on this post about &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1862/whats-the-maximum-number-of-red-cards-that-a-referee-can-give-in-a-football-mat&quot;&gt;the maximum number of red cards&lt;/a&gt; user &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/857/orangecrush&quot;&gt;Orangecrush&lt;/a&gt; pointed out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once 5 on-field players (substitutes do not count) of the same team&#xA;  are red carded, the match ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming two teams playing with a score of 0-0 have already lost 4 players each and then both had a player red carded simultaneously, this would result in abandonment of the match.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the match is now abandoned, what would the result of the match be recorded as, or would a replay be required in order to decide the winner? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14554" LastEditorUserId="14554" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T16:51:53.310" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T14:30:13.823" Title="How is a football result determined if two teams reach the red card limit?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17458" CreationDate="2017-12-18T17:02:31.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of the Game make no mention of what happens when a match is abandoned. The result will be determined by the governing body responsible for the match - note that exactly the same applies if only one team is reduced to fewer than seven players, although in that case the governing body probably has an easier job sorting things out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T17:02:31.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17458" CreationDate="2017-12-18T17:31:08.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match/chapters/abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB laws of the game&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;LAW 7 - THE DURATION OF THE MATCH  &#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ABANDONED MATCH&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, laws of the game does not mention how the result of game should be recorded. So, it is up to the organisers (or, from competition rules) to decide whether or not to replay the match, and if match is not replayed how they want to keep this in record .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Note: These abandoned matches examples are not because of red card limit]&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Result after abandoned match depends on competition, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d486242d-f049-454e-9747-d9e3df3eaab1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football League decided abandoned match of Blackpool v Huddersfield Town as draw&lt;/a&gt; whereas there are many cases of match being decided as 3-0. Few examples of such are,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/10/albania-serbia-match-abandoned-drone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Albania were awarded 3-0 win after Serbia match abandoned over drone stunt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-sweden-allsvenskan/malmo-awarded-3-0-win-in-abandoned-gothenburg-match-idUKKCN0XW0T4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Malmo awarded 3-0 win in abandoned Gothenburg match&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mfa.com.mt/en/news/news/3054/abandoned-match--siiewi-fc-awarded-3-0-win.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Siġġiewi FC a 3-0 win after finding St George’s FC guilty of causing the abandonment of the BOV Second Division match&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other such incidents: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/russia-awarded-3-0-win-after-5481226&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2063529-zenit-st-petersburg-sanctioned-with-3-0-loss-fined-for-abandoned-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bleacherreport.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/33778475&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bbc.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.football-stadiums.co.uk/articles/why-are-football-matches-abandoned/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;football-stadiums.co.uk&lt;/a&gt; article,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Spain, for example, a match that is already partway through isn’t abandoned, it is merely postponed to a later date. This means that if a game is halted after 68 minutes with one team 3-0 up then it will be resumed at a later date with the remaining 22 minutes played out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T14:30:13.823" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T14:30:13.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2017-12-18T21:08:17.643" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This seems like a &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; broad question since there are many, many sports (and, in some, lower scores are &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. golf or race times.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, since basketball was specifically mentioned, it appears that the opposite is true for college basketball in the United States. According to the NCAA, &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.ncaa.org/rankings/conference_trends?sport_code=MBB&amp;amp;division=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's basketball averages 75 points per game&lt;/a&gt;, while &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.ncaa.org/rankings/conference_trends?sport_code=WBB&amp;amp;division=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's basketball averages 67 points per game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball was also mentioned, but it's unusual to have women's baseball leagues (at least here in the U.S.,) so there probably aren't meaningful numbers to compare for baseball. Women's leagues typically play softball instead of baseball (or, again, at least this is the case in the U.S.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8866" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T21:08:17.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17464" CreationDate="2017-12-18T22:22:57.347" Score="4" ViewCount="824" Body="&lt;p&gt;During NFL games the commentators often talk about the play design. One thing that comes up a lot is the formation at the time of snap and quarterback's play readability. The quarterback could be under the centre and pick up the football from his centre. Or he could be standing few feet behind him and catch the ball out of the shotgun. The commentators also mention how rookie QBs are not used to playing under the centre and that some of the struggle to transit from almost always playing out of the shotgun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'm interested to know what are the strategical and performance differences of these configurations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T09:01:07.080" Title="What are the strategical differences of playing under centre and out of the shotgun?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|formations|quarterback|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17462" CreationDate="2017-12-19T09:01:07.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Shotgun&lt;/strong&gt; is mostly about understanding the play that has been called and throwing the football. You take the snap and can read the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Under center&lt;/strong&gt; you need to be progressing through your reads while letting your steps dictate the progression. If you've never done it it's a huge learning curve, which also requires consistent and solid footwork. It's a huge demand on field vision, pattern recognition and mental processing speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the Shotgun play is so much easier for you to just run the play it's not surprising that it's way ahead of Under center in pass plays (79% vs 21%), while the run rate is in favor of Under center (69% vs 31%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sharpfootballstats.com/snap-rates--shotgun-v-under-center--off-.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stats source&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T09:01:07.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16701" CreationDate="2017-12-19T11:38:06.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find any players who strictly meet this criteria, but Cristiano Ronaldo certainly has a case for it. He jointly holds the record for goals scored in a 38-game Premier League season (31 goals in 2007–08), as well as having held the record for the most goals scored in La Liga, with 40 in 2010–11 (albeit only for a solitary year, as Lionel Messi scored 50 the very next season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I specify a &quot;38-game Premier League season&quot; because in the early to mid 1990s, two players (Andy Cole and Alan Shearer) scored 34 goals in a single season, but they had 42 games to do this in. The Premier League officially acknowledges both of these totals as records, which means that if you found a stats book from 2011 listing the record number of goals scored in any individual season for every top-flight league, Cristiano Ronaldo's name will probably appear twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T11:38:06.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17289" CreationDate="2017-12-19T12:38:01.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aflrules.com.au/afl-game-rules/part-d-pre-match-provisions/afl-rules-free-kicks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yes.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Free Kick may be awarded when the football is or is not in play. For the avoidance of doubt, a Free Kick may be awarded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) if an infringement occurs on the Playing Surface before the commencement of a quarter, in which case the Free Kick shall be taken at the Centre Circle or where the infringement occurred, whichever is the greater penalty against the offending Team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has happened a few times in the AFL, and play continues as it would for any other free kick, as a centre bounce isn't &lt;em&gt;strictly&lt;/em&gt; required to start a quarter. This isn't very explicit in the rules, but there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aflrules.com.au/afl-game-rules/part-d-pre-match-provisions/afl-rules-timekeepers-duration-of-matches-quarters-intervals/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one fairly convenient &amp;quot;out&amp;quot; clause.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First off, the start of the match is defined as being when the siren goes to start the quarter, &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; when the ball is bounced. So if a player gives away a free kick in that time period, it doesn't matter that the ball hasn't yet been bounced, as the match is already underway and the free will be given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the clock starting, although the rule of thumb is generally that time starts when the ball is bounced as per 10.5.2(b), there's two alternatives that can apply here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10.5.2 Recommencing Time&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The Timekeepers shall recommence the clock used for the timing of a Match when:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(a) directed to do so by the field Umpire in accordance with Law 10.5.3;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[...]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(e) the football is obviously in play;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I expect that the umpire would signal &amp;quot;time on&amp;quot; on giving a free kick before the centre bounce, but even if they didn't, the timekeeper is able to do it of their own accord because the football is clearly in play at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this stage the match is in the same state it would have been even if there was a centre bounce - the match has started, the ball is in play, and the timekeeper has started the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T12:38:01.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17467" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-19T13:25:33.560" Score="11" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Carsten Ramelow, Bernd Schneider and Oliver Neuville lost three finals in 2002:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DFB Pokal (2-4 to Schalke 04, with Leverkusen)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Champions League (1-2 to Real Madrid, with Leverkusen)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIFA World Cup (0-2 to Brazil with Germany)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They even ended up on the 2nd place of the Bundesliga with Leverkusen in that year, but since the league doesn't have playoffs they didn't lose a final there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Did anyone ever beat this unfortunate streak by losing more than 3 finals within one season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T13:48:53.730" LastActivityDate="2021-01-16T18:09:30.657" Title="Most final appearances without winning a title in one season" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17470" CreationDate="2017-12-20T14:44:44.223" Score="6" ViewCount="2315" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman drops his bat while running, and crosses the crease without it - does his team still get a run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, if he makes it passed the crease, if the fielding team hits the wickets, is he out since he does not have all his equipment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14562" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T17:18:16.460" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T19:17:17.923" Title="Run/Run Out with dropped bat" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17469" CreationDate="2017-12-20T15:07:50.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a batsman drops his bat while running, and crosses the crease without it - does his team still get a run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18 of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; makes no mention that the bat has to accompany the player for a run to be completed, simply that the batsman has to be grounded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Similarly, if he MAKES it passed the crease, if the fielding team hits the wickets, is he out since he does not have all his equipment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-batsman-out-of-hisher-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30&lt;/a&gt; states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A batsman shall be considered to be out of his/her ground unless &lt;strong&gt;some part of his/her person&lt;/strong&gt; or bat is grounded behind the popping crease at that end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the only downside to dropping your bat while running is that you simply have slightly less reach to ground yourself with. Beyond that, the bat is mostly not necessary for running. I was expecting to find a rule regarding equipment being left &quot;in play&quot; on the field, but it seems that these laws only refer to the fielding side's equipment, and not the batsmen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="1243" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T19:17:17.923" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T19:17:17.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17458" CreationDate="2017-12-20T18:50:25.233" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Germany, most of the governing bodies do cover cases like that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a match is abandoned because of both teams' fault (this includes getting spammed with Red Cards) it will count as a loss for both (the result varies between 0-2 and 0-3). So in that case there will be no winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example source in German: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hfv.de/downloads/Satzungen_Ordnung/Spielordnung_-_stand_Verbandstag_2015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spielordnung Hamburg&lt;/a&gt; (§28 - 7)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T18:50:25.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17472" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-20T20:25:45.567" Score="2" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will be visiting Denmark in the summer of 2018, and I would like to attend a badminton training session in their national center. How can I arrange such a visit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://badmintondenmark.com/Cms/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The website&lt;/a&gt; does not have any info about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14566" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T23:31:00.193" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T23:31:00.193" Title="Is it possible to visit a training session at the Danish national badminton center?" Tags="|badminton|venues|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-12-24T15:59:36.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17477" CreationDate="2017-12-22T18:47:12.997" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for athletes in the top North American Leagues: NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL that played more games in a season than games scheduled for a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, each NFL team is scheduled to play 16 games per regular season. I'm wondering if there has been any player who played more than 16 games in a season. This can happen if a player gets traded to a team with less games played and plays all games for both teams (or all teams if he played for more than 2 teams in that season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make this clear I'd like to know if there have been cases of athletes who played &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;17 or more NFL games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;163 or more MLB games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;83 or more NBA or NHL games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in one regular season given that the NFL and MLB teams play 16 and 162 games respectively and NBA and NHL teams play 82 games each regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2017-12-25T10:07:01.337" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T10:07:01.337" Title="Major league athletes with extra regular season games played" Tags="|trivia|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17475" CreationDate="2017-12-23T06:28:21.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, &lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several examples with detail:&#xA;NFL: (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.midwestsportsfans.com/2010/10/numbers-of-nfl-players-to-play-in-17-regular-seasons-games/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;) . All of these were because of trades and extra bye-week game scheduling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NMtot.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NMtot.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(via trade) &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/t/taverfr01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Frank Taveras&lt;/a&gt; played 11 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and 153 for the NY Mets in 1979.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/montawi01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Willie Montanez&lt;/a&gt;in 1976 played 60 games for the SF Giants and 103 games for the Atlanta Braves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(not via a trade but extra regular season games) - Games that end with a tie score, due most commonly to darkness (in the old days), rain-outs, or curfews are replayed, with the result not counted in the standings, but all of the individual stats count for the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1962, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/willsma01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maury Wills&lt;/a&gt; of the LA Dodgers played all 165 games. When the 1962 season ended the San Francisco Giants and the Dodgers were tied with a 101-61 record. ... Wills played in all 162 regular season games and the 3 tie-breaker games, which are counted as regular season games, much like today's one-game playoffs are counted as regular season contests.  In the same season, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/p/paganjo01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jose Pagan&lt;/a&gt; played 161 of 162 regular season games and 3 extra games for the opposing SF Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1965 the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CHC/1965-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Cubs&lt;/a&gt; played in 164 regular season games, because two of them ended in ties (due to darkness, so apparently they could not be made up).  In that year Ron Santo and Billy Williams played all 164 games and Ernie Banks played in 163.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several other examples of ties impacting individual stats but not team W-L.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NHL:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quanthockey.com/nhl/records/most-games-played-in-one-season-by-nhl-players.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quant Hockey&lt;/a&gt;says 170 players played more than 82 regular season games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quanthockey.com/hockey-stats/en/profile.php?player=895&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy Carson&lt;/a&gt; has the regular season record for NHL players with 86 in 1992-1993 - traded mid-season, he played 52 with the Detroit Redwings and then 34 with the LA Kings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quanthockey.com/hockey-stats/en/profile.php?player=3114&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bob Kudelski&lt;/a&gt; tied Carson a year later playing 42 games for the Ottawa Senators and then 44 with the Florida Panthers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/b/bellawa01.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Walt Bellamy&lt;/a&gt; has the NBA record for most regular season games played (88) in the 1968-69 season.  Traded during the season, he played 35 games with the New York Knicks and then 53 games with the Detroit Pistons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T06:28:21.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17478" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17479" CreationDate="2017-12-23T13:21:39.647" Score="3" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am studying the Laws of Badminton. I am concerned about point &lt;strong&gt;14.2.3&lt;/strong&gt; under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/#14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 for Lets&lt;/a&gt;. The point states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14.2.3&#xA;  [It shall be a let, if] after the service is returned, the shuttle is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;14.2.3.1&#xA;  caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;14.2.3.2&#xA;  after passing over the net is caught in the net;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the first point. In it, the shuttle is stuck on the top white ribbon of the net. In this scenario, the shuttle is most probably oriented base pointed upwards, with its feathers stuck on the white ribbon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I however fail to understand how the second point represents any scenario other than the first point. If the shuttle &quot;passed over the net&quot;, then it means to me that it &quot;has crossed across the net&quot;, and therefore can't be &quot;caught&quot; on it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need help visualizing the scenario in the second point (14.2.3.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-21T02:50:57.990" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T02:50:57.990" Title="How is it a let if the shuttle is caught on/in the net?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17478" CreationDate="2017-12-23T15:38:23.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This let is called if the shuttle tumbles over the net and then gets caught in the net. In this situation, the shuttle has passed over the net - albeit not at speed, but tumbling, typically after striking the net cord.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3671/1419&quot;&gt;happens&lt;/a&gt; much more often if the net is either very fine, or has holes in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T15:38:23.903" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17483" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17484" CreationDate="2017-12-24T05:17:45.520" Score="1" ViewCount="1173" Body="&lt;p&gt;When running between the wickets, a batsman may be run out if they haven't &quot;made their ground&quot; before a fielder throws the ball, or uses their hand holding the ball, to dislodge the bails. Effectively the batsman has to be behind the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I recently watched a match where a batsman didn't have anything on the ground behind the crease when the wicket was put down, but they were given not out and then continued batting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the story behind this non-wicket? Was the umpire wrong or have the laws changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:45:05.360" Title="How is a batsman not out when the wicket is put down and they don't have their bat or body grounded inside the crease?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17483" CreationDate="2017-12-24T05:17:45.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The decision is correct. The laws have changed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Laws have historically required the bat or part of the batsman's body to be &lt;em&gt;grounded&lt;/em&gt; behind the popping crease. In this sense the law meant physically grounded - actually touching the ground at all times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2013, the laws extended the meaning of &lt;em&gt;grounded&lt;/em&gt; to also mean a batsman's foot after having stepped behind the popping crease and continued moving in the same direction, even if not touching the ground itself. When sprinting, there are moments where both feet are temporarily off the ground. This change removed the element of luck so that a batsman couldn't be out if the wicket happened to be put down at the wrong moment in their step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017, the MCC conducted a large number of changes to the laws. One such change was to Law 30, &lt;em&gt;Batsman out of his/her ground&lt;/em&gt; (previously numbered 29) which extended the definition of &lt;em&gt;grounded&lt;/em&gt; to include a bat which had bounced or had left the hand of the batsman after being grounded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The net result is that provided the batsman continues moving into their ground, they will be considered inside their ground if they get something (bat or body) grounded beyond the crease, regardless of subsequently lifting it off the actual ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-batsman-out-of-hisher-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.1.2&lt;/a&gt; for the full text explained in the previous paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-24T12:45:05.360" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:45:05.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17487" CreationDate="2017-12-24T12:42:38.110" Score="2" ViewCount="1368" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_from_shoes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Drinking beer out of one's own shoe is a ritual sometimes undertaken at parties and events in Australia, where it is referred to as a &quot;shoey&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Miller_(motorcycle_racer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack Miller&lt;/a&gt; celebrated his maiden MotoGP victory by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/sport/proud-mum-reflects-on-jack-millers-sensational-first-motogp-triumph/news-story/9fe40688ec08eaf6437ca9443471af5c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;drinking from his boot&lt;/a&gt; during the podium ceremony of the Dutch Grand Prix in Assen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i9Pgv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i9Pgv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Jack miller&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ricciardo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daniel Ricciardo&lt;/a&gt; has also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24239/10578877/daniel-ricciardo-explains-his-shoey-podium-celebration-and-the-taste&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;performed shoeys on the podium (twice)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y4oUu.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y4oUu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Daniel&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentino_Rossi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valentino Rossi&lt;/a&gt; has also &lt;a href=&quot;https://wwos.nine.com.au/2016/09/12/07/41/valentino-rossi-shoey-at-san-marino-gp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;performed shoey for his 2nd place on San Marino GP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5n0Yf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5n0Yf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;vale rossi&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Who was the first motorsport driver to perform ‘shoey’ on podium?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:42:38.110" Title="Who was the first motorsport driver to perform ‘shoey’ - drinking alcohol out of a shoe, on podium?" Tags="|history|international-sports|auto-racing|road-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17486" CreationDate="2017-12-24T12:42:38.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shoey made its way to major motorsport for the first time in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all started with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/RyalHarris/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;V8 Utes driver Ryal Harris&lt;/a&gt;, who performed the very first motorsport shoey at the Perth round of the series in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DQzox.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DQzox.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ryal Harris&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/sport/local-sport/gold-coast-v8-utes-champion-ryal-harris-the-man-behind-motorsports-global-shoey-phenomena/news-story/3e3bdfb667f776d0d73a4118e6402eef&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;goldcoastbulletin.com.au&lt;/a&gt; article,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Yeah, I was definitely the first one to do it,”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“A couple of weeks before Perth I was on the beers with my mates and we were doing shoeys at my mate’s house and I just said, ‘If I get on the podium in Perth, I will do a shoey on the podium’.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But When &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reynolds_(racing_driver)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;V8 Supercar driver David Reynolds&lt;/a&gt; did a shoey after winning the second Saturday race at Darwin’s Hidden Valley later that year, it got mainstreamed (at least in Australia).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hT2pF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hT2pF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Reynolds&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Miller_(motorcycle_racer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack Miller&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ricciardo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daniel Ricciardo&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentino_Rossi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valentino Rossi&lt;/a&gt; have performed 'shoey' to make it a global phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.carthrottle.com/post/nkmklvp/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;carthrottle.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com.au/motorsport/moto-gp/motogp-valentino-rossi-celebrates-second-place-at-misano-with-shoey-on-the-podium/news-story/6ccfadfe1ecd58d18f95a68dbb9f7066&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;foxsports&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wheelsmag.com.au/features/1608/a-brief-history-of-the-shoey-in-motorsport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wheelsmag.com.au&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:42:38.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17488" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-24T17:50:22.577" Score="8" ViewCount="552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to shoot targets of the size used in competitions with my compound bow. How big are these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wasn't able to find any reliable information online. When&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The more highly the Bow Weight, is the flight curve of the arrow all the flatter. This is very important with the long haul distances. Beginners must lead itself to the high Bow Weights slowly near.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the language used, I have a hard time believing the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.world-of-archery.com/Target_Archery/FITA_Target.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finding information about what recurve archers shoot at is easy as it's an Olympic discipline. But a 122 cm target at 70 m is absolutely ridiculous for compounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only statement from a reputable source (in proper English) I was able to find is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The compound target is 80cm in diameter with a 10 ring 8cm in diameter. In international competition, compound targets only include the yellow, red and blue rings. This is to reduce the size of target mat needed for each target face, in order that each athlete has their own target to shoot at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://worldarchery.org/Target-Archery&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://worldarchery.org/Target-Archery&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this information correct? Does the outer blue ring have a diameter of 80 cm or would the outer white ring have a diameter of 80 cm if it was there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After reading World Archery's statement again, I noticed that I should be able to figure this out given the information and graphics they provide on the page I linked to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I measured the 10 ring of the &quot;target center&quot; graphic to be 86 px in diameter and the outer blue ring to be 516 px in diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 cm / (86 px) * 516 cm = 60 cm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So under the assumption that they are referring to only the &quot;target center&quot; when stating that &quot;[the] compound target is 80cm in diameter&quot;, this leads to a contradiction because 60 cm ≠ 80 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the full FITA target they provided, I measured the 10 ring to be 91 px in diameter and the 1 ring to be 905 px in diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 cm / (91 px) * 905 px = 99.45 cm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This again leads to a contradiction because 99.45 cm ≠ 80 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even though the information seems to stem from a reputable source, it's ambiguous, has only two interpretations, and both of them contradict other information presented on the same page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11792" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-10T15:13:41.257" LastActivityDate="2020-06-10T15:13:41.257" Title="Target size for compound archers" Tags="|rules|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17491" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-26T16:06:01.577" Score="7" ViewCount="1065" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the adjustment to the grounding law - that the bat bouncing up will no longer result in a run out, if you don't change your line - apply to stumpings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often see a wicket keeper hesitate, hoping that the batsman will lift his/her foot from behind the crease. Does this still apply, or does the batsman have to move out of his/her crease along the pitch line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14562" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-26T20:39:39.903" LastActivityDate="2017-12-26T20:39:39.903" Title="Does the change to the grounding law apply to stumping?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17491" CreationDate="2017-12-26T18:29:00.297" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-batsman-out-of-hisher-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.1.2&lt;/a&gt; reads as follows (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;30.1.2 However, a batsman shall not be considered to be out of his/her ground if, in &lt;strong&gt;running or diving&lt;/strong&gt; towards his/her ground and beyond, and having grounded some part of his/her person or bat beyond the popping crease, there is subsequent loss of contact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;between the ground and any part of his/her person or bat,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or between the bat and person,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;provided that the batsman has continued movement in the same direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this could, in  theory, apply to stumpings, for instance if a batsman was a long way out of his/her crease and dives to get back, it would not apply to simply raising a foot off the ground whilst standing at the wicket, since the Law specifies that the batsman must be &amp;quot;running or diving&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-26T18:29:00.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17494" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-26T20:09:12.880" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone find the NFL record for starting field position attributed to the primary kick returner?  I've looked through several websites listing NFL records, to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically looking for average starting field position after a kick-off for a whole NFL season. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastEditorUserId="13922" LastEditDate="2017-12-26T22:09:06.017" LastActivityDate="2017-12-26T22:09:06.017" Title="What is the NFL record for starting field position by kick returner" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|records|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17495" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-26T23:16:43.890" Score="2" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_marks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the hash marks in American football&lt;/a&gt; were introduced in 1932, at which time they were placed 10 yards in from the sidelines.  They have since migrated inward to 15 yards in 1935 and 20 yards in 1945, ending up in 1972 at their current position of 23 yards 1 foot 9 inches in from the sidelines. The 1972 movement is explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5796/why-are-nfl-hash-marks-closer-than-ncaa-hash-marks&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, but what were the reasons for the 1935 and 1945 movements?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14585" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2017-12-27T20:53:02.060" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T00:12:52.153" Title="Why did the hash marks in American football get moved inwards in 1935 and 1945?" Tags="|rules|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17523" CreationDate="2017-12-28T10:58:34.270" Score="6" ViewCount="14683" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched a lot about last ball fouls, but I couldnt conclude any answers. &#xA;I got two scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If only black ball remains and Player A fouls, what does Player B do?&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can player B do free-shot? I mean, place the ball anywhere on the table?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Must player B place the ball anywhere before the starting line? And can he shoot the black ball directly? What if the black ball is also in the starting line area? Must he shoot to the other lane before touching black ball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What if Player A has some balls and Player B doesnt, and its Player A's turn. For the scenarios in the 1. item, he can gain advantage by fouling?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14592" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-02T14:10:14.297" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T10:18:29.490" Title="American billards, foul in last ball (black)" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17502" CreationDate="2017-12-29T00:40:06.383" Score="5" ViewCount="1000" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't been able to find this record by searching. Obviously &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10883/scorecard/1072308/australia-vs-england-4th-test-eng-tour-of-aus-and-nz-2017-18#gp-inning-01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England's first innings in the current Ashes test&lt;/a&gt; is unusual, with Cook scoring 244, and the other 10 Englishmen scoring only 235 (12 extras prevent Cook from getting most of the runs in the innings). But what is the highest test innings in which one batsman has scored more than all the others combined? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14564" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T17:58:36.703" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T12:23:45.793" Title="Highest test innings one batsman scoring most of the runs" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17501" CreationDate="2017-12-29T01:41:15.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the sake of this answer I'm going to assume that &quot;Highest test innings&quot; is referring to the highest &lt;em&gt;team&lt;/em&gt; score in which one batsman scored the majority of the runs. As it turns out, it doesn't change the answer much - pretty much the only thing that changes is the year!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't care about all eleven batsmen getting out on the ground at some point, there's a pleasingly elegant answer: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15068/scorecard/64080/west-indies-vs-england-4th-test-england-tour-of-west-indies-2003-04/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;It's Brian Lara's 400* against England in 2004&lt;/a&gt;, part of a West Indies innings that declared at 5/751. Jayawardene came close to beating that record in 2006 when he top scored with 374 runs in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14590/scorecard/249193/sri-lanka-vs-south-africa-1st-test-south-africa-tour-of-sri-lanka-2006/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an innings of 5/756&lt;/a&gt;, but he scored one boundary too few for his knock to comprise 50% of the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a completed innings, the record holder is the same as the record holder for every other batting-related record: Sir Don Bradman, who was responsible for 304 of Australia's first innings total of 584 in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17565/scorecard/62622/england-vs-australia-4th-test-australia-tour-of-england-1934/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 4th Test of the 1934 Ashes&lt;/a&gt;. Remarkably, four years earlier in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17588/scorecard/62582/england-vs-australia-3rd-test-australia-tour-of-england-1930/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bradman's inning of 334 against England&lt;/a&gt;, he scored 59% of a total team score of 566 (including 14 extras), which is the highest score by an individual that comprised more than 50% of a completed innings total.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="1243" LastEditDate="2017-12-30T18:26:52.010" LastActivityDate="2017-12-30T18:26:52.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17508" CreationDate="2017-12-29T22:02:44.113" Score="5" ViewCount="2198" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/BBCMOTD/videos/1963837536965459/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; of a player slide tackling his teammate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules on players tackling their own teammates like that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it just be to show fair play and kick the ball out to treat the player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13425" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2017-12-30T10:02:44.513" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T05:04:44.740" Title="Can football players be penalised for an action against a teammate that is normally a foul if done to the opponent?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17505" CreationDate="2017-12-30T08:31:41.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(The situation explain in this answer assumes action against a teammate which involve misconduct and wouldn't be only foul. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/17537/13485&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Can football players be penalised for an action against a teammate that is normally a foul if done to the opponent?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Answer is no, for an action against a teammate that is normally a foul if done to the opponent.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;In short yes, laws of the game allows it.&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of The Game &lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 12 fouls and misconducts (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DISCIPLINARY ACTION&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either on or off the field of play, against an opponent, &lt;strong&gt;a team-mate&lt;/strong&gt;, a match official or any other person or the Laws of the Game, &lt;em&gt;is disciplined according to the offence&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RESTART OF PLAY AFTER FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball is in play and a player commits an offence inside the field of play against: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a team-mate, substitute, substituted or sent off player, team official or a match official – a direct free kick or penalty kick  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FAQ of Law 12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q6: Why is an offence against someone who is not an opponent now a direct free kick? Does this include dissent/offensive language?    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, for example, a player strikes a team-mate, substitute, team official or, perhaps even worse, a match official this is serious but only restarting with an IDFK suggested that the offence was not serious so it is now a direct free kick for any offence (directly) against anyone (except an opponent). This does not include dissent/offensive language etc. as this is not a direct/physical offence against a person (see below).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q7: What is the restart of the referee stops play for dissent/offensive language etc.?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee stops play to penalise a player for dissent/offensive language etc. the restart is an IDFK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1994, Hearts teammates Graeme Hogg and current Hearts manager Craig Levein were sent off for scrapping during a pre-season friendly against Raith Rovers. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/video-dundee-players-tackling-sums-teams-poor-start-season/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: From the IFAB &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2017/LotG_17_18_EN_Glossary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalise&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  To punish, usually by stopping play and awarding a free kick or penalty kick to the opposing team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Violent Conduct player can be sent-off. (see: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SENDING-OFF OFFENCES&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;VIOLENT CONDUCT&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Violent conduct is when a player uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not challenging for the ball, or against a team-mate, team official, match official, spectator or any other person, regardless of whether contact is made.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, a player who, when not challenging for the ball, deliberately strikes an opponent or any other person on the head or face with the hand or arm, is guilty of violent conduct unless the force used was negligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2005/apr/02/newsstory.sport10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Newcastle men sent off for fighting each other&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However for the mention case, where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/news/when-slide-tackles-go-wrong-dundee-defender-takes-out-his/jmqa9sm3iph515hrjm6qlbb75&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack Hendry of Dundee tackles his own team-mate Cammy Kerr&lt;/a&gt; in a match against Rangers which they lost 4-1, I could not find anything that happened after the incident but I'm sure that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-om/match/rangers-v-dundee/batrhln2d1kih4ehxu2187eqy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jack did not get booked&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T05:04:44.740" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T05:04:44.740" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-30T22:00:13.737" Score="4" ViewCount="918" Body="&lt;p&gt;When making weights, why are some MMA fighters sometimes below the weight limit? i.e., why not stopping the weight cut when the weight limit (upper bound) is reached?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g., looking at this &lt;a href=&quot;http://mmajunkie.com/2017/12/ufc-219-las-vegas-cris-cyborg-holly-holm-weigh-in-results-live-video-stream&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mmajunkie.com article&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20171230215753/http://mmajunkie.com/2017/12/ufc-219-las-vegas-cris-cyborg-holly-holm-weigh-in-results-live-video-stream&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MAIN CARD (Pay-per-view, 10 p.m. ET)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Champ Cris Cyborg (145) vs. &lt;strong&gt;Holly Holm (144)&lt;/strong&gt; – for women’s featherweight title&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Edson Barboza (155) vs. Khabib Nurmagomedov (155.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Marc Diakiese (155.5) vs. Dan Hooker (155.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Cynthia Calvillo (116) vs. Carla Esparza (115.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Carlos Condit (170.5) vs. Neil Magny (170.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PRELIMINARY CARD (FS1, 8 p.m. ET)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michal Oleksiejczuk (203.5)&lt;/strong&gt; vs. Khalil Rountree (205)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rick Glenn (145.5) vs. Myles Jury (146)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Omari Akhmedov (185.5) vs. Marvin Vettori (185.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Matheus Nicolau (125.5) vs. Louis Smolka (125.5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PRELIMINARY CARD (UFC Fight Pass, 7:30 p.m. ET)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mark De La Rosa (135.5)&lt;/strong&gt; vs. Tim Elliott (135)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2018-01-02T19:54:03.587" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T13:00:10.580" Title="When making weights, why are some MMA fighters sometimes below the weight limit?" Tags="|mma|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12565" CreationDate="2017-12-31T03:07:36.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mike Clark of the Dallas Cowboys did this very thing.  Can’t remember the year exactly but probably in the late ‘60’s. Dallas had scored and was kicking off and completely missed the ball. And Coach is right. All the official did was penalize Dallas 5 yds for offsides. He was able to re kick the ball. I believe the opponent was the St Louis Cardinals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14605" LastActivityDate="2017-12-31T03:07:36.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17509" CreationDate="2017-12-31T11:57:10.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UFC RULES AND REGULATIONS&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations#2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UNIFIED RULES AND OTHER MMA REGULATIONS&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weight Divisions&#xA;  Except with the approval of the Commission, or its executive director, the classes for mixed martial arts contests or exhibitions and the weights for each class shall be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Strawweight  up to 115 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Flyweight  over 115 pounds to 125&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Bantamweight  over 125 to 135 pounds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Women's Bantamweight  over 125 to 135 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Featherweight  over 135 to 145 pounds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Lightweight  over 145 to 155 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Welterweight  over 155 to 170 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Middleweight  over 170 to 185 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Light Heavyweight over 185 to 205 pounds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Heavyweight  over 205 to 265 pounds&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Super Heavyweight over 265 pounds  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In non-championship fights, there shall be allowed a 1 pound weigh allowance&lt;/strong&gt;.  In championship fights, the participants must weigh no more than that permitted for the relevant weight division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Commission may also approve catch weight bouts, subject to their review and discretion.  For example, the Commission may still decide to allow the contest the maximum weight allowed is 177 pounds if it feels that the contest would still be fair, safe and competitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, if one athlete weighs 264 pounds while the opponent weighs 267 pounds, the Commission may still decide to allow the contest if it determines that the contest would still be fair, safe and competitive in spite of the fact that the two contestants technically weighed in differing weight classes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why you are thinking some fighters are below the weight limit. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Champ Cris Cyborg (145) vs. Holly Holm (144) – for women’s featherweight title&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Holly Holm is inside the weight limit of Featherweight (over 135 to 145 pounds)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Michal Oleksiejczuk (203.5) vs. Khalil Rountree (205)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Michal Oleksiejczuk is also inside the weight limit of Light Heavyweight (over 185 to 205 pounds)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mark De La Rosa (135.5) vs. Tim Elliott (135)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Mark De La Rosa is above the weight limit of Bantamweight (over 125 to 135 pounds) and not below the limit but because of 1 pound weigh allowance (non-championship fights) is allowed to fight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for your question, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;When making weights, why are some MMA fighters sometimes below the weight limit?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are not below the weight limit, while some of them are above but because of 1 pound weigh allowance for non-championship fight they are allowed to compete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2017-12-31T11:57:10.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-01T21:44:52.143" Score="-2" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Chiefs-Broncos game in December 2017, I notice that the Chiefs' kicker banged the tips of the football on the ground before placing it in the kick stand, thus altering the shape of the football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't seem right to me; was it legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14608" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-01T21:56:53.850" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T17:28:52.037" Title="Can the kicker alter the shape of the football before a kickoff, say by banging the tips on the ground?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13900" CreationDate="2018-01-02T00:01:07.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have also seen the squib used (especially in lower levels) as a sort of hybrid onside/regular kickoff.  Pooching the ball between the front line and return men can force someone not used to handling the ball into a position to make a play or let the ball roll by them.  Forcing the other team into this non routine play can be beneficial to the kicking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, however it seems like many times they are a mistake that sets up the receiving team for game tying or game winning field goals at a higher percentage than giving up a return touchdown after a traditional kickoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14610" LastEditorUserId="14610" LastEditDate="2018-01-02T00:51:17.533" LastActivityDate="2018-01-02T00:51:17.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-02T08:37:56.047" Score="4" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;I regularly play against an opponent who has a very aggressive style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He waits a few exchanges then hits the ball from under the table and gives it a lot  of topspin, which causes it to arc and land on the right hand side of the table before zipping off at a very wide angle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a lot of trouble playing against that type of player, my strong point right now is mainly my serve and my aim but as soon as he forces me into a &quot;topspin war&quot; with long shots, I lose fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried to catch the shots by slightly tilting my paddle forward and barely moving it when I receive but that only works when I manage to hit them at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I counter this style of play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14614" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-02T08:58:27.890" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T19:20:30.063" Title="How do I counter my opponent's wide angle topspin loop shots?" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14198" CreationDate="2018-01-03T01:33:18.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpires were wrong. There is no reason to award penalty runs to the fielding team except in the case of unfair play by the batting team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsmen are also wrong. Who stops running out of their ground when they can't see the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also disagree with @Lyrellia, who says in her answer that &quot;the ball is stone dead as soon as the kid attempts to field it&quot;. None of the conditions in 20.1.1 appear to apply, and the fielding side clearly didn't regard it as dead, so 20.1.2 doesn't apply. The only way this ball is dead is if an umpire calls it dead, and in that case, the batsman is not out and the two completed runs should be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14564" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T01:33:18.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17498" CreationDate="2018-01-03T12:21:50.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://upatour.com/official-billiard-rules/u-s-8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US 8-Ball Rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the black ball is the only ball remaining, there are only 3 basic types of foul that can be committed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Complete miss (scratch)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Remove the ball from the table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) Other foul, such as touching the cue ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.1 of the referenced document states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the 8-ball was pocketed the result shall be a loss of game (see 4.2, Game Loss).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;otherwise the ball is in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.2 (scratching) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pocketing the cue ball or driving it off the table is a ball in hand foul. If a scratch occurs while shooting the 8-ball, but the 8-ball was not pocketed or removed from the table, the game continues with ball in hand to the opponent (scratching on the 8-ball is not a loss of game as long as the 8-ball is still in play).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and 7.5 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player removes the 8-ball from the pool table, it results in a loss of game (see 4.2, Game Loss).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the foul involves the black ball leaving the playing area of the table, it results in losing the game, otherwise it is ball in hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part 2 doesn't appear to make sense - if the black ball is the only ball remaining, how does Player A have balls left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9244" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T12:21:50.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17525" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-03T13:47:29.097" Score="4" ViewCount="1382" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum delay with a skier is qualified for the second half in a slalom race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today (2018 Jan 3rd) at &lt;a href=&quot;http://live.fis-ski.com/liveal5155.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zagreb ladies Slalom&lt;/a&gt; Mikaela Shiffrin is leading 4&quot;61 on the last qualified (Moellg and Truppe ex equo), is this a record in FIS Alpine Ski World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HmnZg.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HmnZg.png&quot; alt=&quot;FIS_ZagrebLadies&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T14:29:28.717" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T12:50:09.373" Title="What is the maximum advantage from first to last qualified in a FIS slalom first half?" Tags="|records|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17529" CreationDate="2018-01-04T17:33:40.460" Score="3" ViewCount="475" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it okay to hold the edge of the pool or touch the bottom of the pool during a game of water polo?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pool I will play in is 2 metres deep and I'm 1.89 metres tall so that's why I thought of the bottom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read that it's illegal to push off the wall, which is fine because that gives you an advantage. Is it okay to hold on to it if you're just tired?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't really a very high level of competition either, if that makes a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14510" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T04:02:34.317" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T04:02:34.317" Title="Is holding the wall or bouncing up off the bottom legal in water polo?" Tags="|rules|water-polo|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17528" CreationDate="2018-01-04T19:26:57.847" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FINA&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/content/water-polo-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WATER POLO RULES&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/content/wp-20-ordinary-fouls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WP 20 ORDINARY FOULS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;WP 20.1 It shall be an ordinary foul to commit any of the following offences (WP 20.2 to WP 20.17), which shall be punished by awarding of a free throw to the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;WP 20.4 To hold or push off from the goal posts or their fixtures, to hold or push off from the sides or ends of the pool during actual play or at the start of a period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;WP 20.5 To take any active part in the game when standing on the floor of the pool, to walk when play is in progress or to jump from the floor of the pool to play the ball or tackle an opponent. This Rule shall not apply to the goalkeeper while within the goalkeeper’s 5 metre area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/content/wp-21-exclusion-fouls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WP 21 EXCLUSION FOULS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;WP 21.1 It shall be an exclusion foul to commit any of the following offences (WP 21.4 to WP 21.18) which shall be punished (except as otherwise provided by the Rules) by the award of a free throw to the opposing team and the exclusion of the player who committed the foul.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;WP 21.4 For a player to leave the water or sit or stand on the steps or side of the pool during play, except in the case of accident, injury, illness or with the permission of a referee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/content/wp-24-personal-fouls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WP 24 PERSONAL FOULS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fina.org/content/wp-25-accident-injury-and-illness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WP 25 ACCIDENT, INJURY AND ILLNESS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;WP 25.1 A player shall only be allowed to leave the water, or sit or stand on the steps or side of the pool during play in the case of accident, injury, illness or with the permission of a referee. A player who has left the water legitimately may re-enter from the re-entry area nearest his own goal line at an appropriate stoppage, with the permission of a referee.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it ok to hold the edge of the pool during a game of Water polo?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, it is not ok to hold the edge of the pool except in the case of accident, injury, illness or with the permission of a referee. (see WP 21.4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it ok to touch the bottom of the pool during a game of Water polo?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, it is not ok to take any active part in the game when standing on the floor of the pool, to walk when play is in progress or to jump from the floor of the pool to play the ball or tackle an opponent. (see WP 20.5) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T19:26:57.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17531" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-05T12:08:41.217" Score="-1" ViewCount="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the one thing which I know about run rate is,it is calculated by dividing runs scored to number of overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my question is, how to calculate the run rate midway through an over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14353" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-05T12:14:50.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T12:21:25.753" Title="How to calculate the run rate midway through an over?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-01-05T21:17:14.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17534" CreationDate="2018-01-05T12:11:23.647" Score="5" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a December 13, 2015 game between the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers, the time of possession of the two teams was recorded as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Falcons: 28:21&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Panthers: 31:21&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding these two gives a total game time of 59:42, which is 18 seconds short of a full game. Is there an explanation for this? Or is this simply an error in the source data?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another game I found that has a similar discrepancy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2004101711/2004/REG6/broncos@raiders#tab=analyze&amp;amp;analyze=boxscore&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2004101711/2004/REG6/broncos@raiders#tab=analyze&amp;amp;analyze=boxscore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is from NFL.com. It's one second short of a full game. Another error in the data?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14624" LastEditorUserId="14624" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T17:39:21.347" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T17:39:21.347" Title="Can time of possession for the two teams of an NFL game add up to less than 60 minutes?" Tags="|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17532" CreationDate="2018-01-05T17:28:41.217" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You haven't added the source of data which may help in clarifying but official NFL website shows the possession of these two teams for this match as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Falcons: 28:30&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Panthers: 31:30&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Total: 60&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wxuua.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wxuua.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;nfl stat&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2015121307/2015/REG14/falcons@panthers#menu=gameinfo%7CcontentId%3A0ap3000000603267&amp;amp;tab=analyze&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ESPN also shows the same stat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xaueR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xaueR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;espn stat&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/nfl/game?gameId=400791604&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, 59:42 might be an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T17:28:41.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17514" CreationDate="2018-01-06T17:28:52.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kickers as well as football players in general do not like to play with new balls. This is because they are harder, slicker and don’t perform as well in general. Because of this they do any they can to break in balls before they use them which can include squeezing or pressing them into the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is lots of information on this available with a search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/nfl/comments/11nuzw/why_do_kickers_press_in_the_ends_of_the_football/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/nfl/comments/11nuzw/why_do_kickers_press_in_the_ends_of_the_football/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8912" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T17:28:52.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17536" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-07T17:31:07.130" Score="8" ViewCount="5934" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the wild card round of the 2017-18 NFL season, Marcus Mariota, quarterback of the Tennessee Titans, made a pass to himself for a 6-yard touchdown against the Kansas City Chiefs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me wonder how many times in the history of the NFL a quarterback has made a pass to himself that resulted in positive yardage? And how many times has that resulted in a touchdown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please list the quarterbacks who've done this for both questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T11:46:54.947" LastActivityDate="2023-12-14T17:23:47.553" Title="Quarterback pass to self" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17505" CreationDate="2018-01-08T00:45:47.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a player cannot be penalised for an action against a teammate that is normally (only) a foul if done to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most free kick offences listed in Law 12 under &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;direct free kicks&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;indirect free kicks&lt;/a&gt; that involve physicality against another player (e.g. a careless trip or tackle, or impeding) contain the wording &quot;against an opponent&quot;, either directly in the wording of the offence, or in its definition (e.g. playing in a dangerous manner), meaning they cannot be committed against a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception to this would be if the action was reckless or excessive enough to make it misconduct (i.e. a cautionable or sending-off offence) This free-kick offence is listed in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 2 - Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits any other offence, not mentioned in the Laws, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that there is no requirement for this offence to be committed against an opponent. This would include committing violent conduct (i.e. using excessive force) or unsporting behaviour (i.e. recklessness) against a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For these offences, after the offender is either cautioned or sent off, the restart would be upgraded from an indirect free kick offence to a direct free kick offence as per &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 4 - Restart of Play After Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/a&gt; and Q6 &amp;amp; Q7 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 FAQ&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T02:19:14.163" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T02:19:14.163" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17542" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-08T23:36:29.023" Score="6" ViewCount="3189" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, there is such a thing as an &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/8549/what-is-meant-by-ineligible-receiver-downfield&quot;&gt;ineligible (pass) receiver.&lt;/a&gt; That is, a &quot;lineman&quot; (center, guard, tackle) is not allowed to catch forward passes. Are they similarly prohibited from running with the ball? I can see two cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) A &quot;back&quot; (or pass receiver) drops or fumbles the ball, a lineman picks it up and runs with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The quarterback (or runner) hands the ball to a lineman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see the second happening in the case of a &quot;quarterback sneak,&quot; that is, the quarterback allows the center to keep the ball and &quot;plunge&quot; for short yardage. Does this mean that a runner can hand the ball to a lineman if it is convenient? Why is this not done occasionally to &quot;mix things up&quot; if it is allowed? Or is such &quot;mixing things up&quot; something rules are designed to prevent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2018-01-08T23:41:39.573" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T22:07:01.043" Title="Is there such a thing as an ineligible runner in football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17542" CreationDate="2018-01-09T07:16:06.803" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they are not prohibited from doing that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule you stated applies only to forward passes. A &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hand-Off&lt;/a&gt; is by its definition not a pass, since the ball is not advanced (forward), but handed over instead. That said, any player is eligible to take it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by the following rule they are also eligible to pick up the ball from the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 4: Legal Snap. &lt;br&gt;A snap is a backward pass. The snap must be&#xA;  received by a player who is not on the line at the snap, unless the&#xA;  ball first strikes the ground. If the ball first strikes the ground,&#xA;  or is muffed by an eligible backfield receiver, or quarterback under&#xA;  center, it can be recovered and advanced by any player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/video/clip?id=17906356&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of a lineman scoring a TD after taking a Hand-Off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T09:28:31.933" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T09:28:31.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17545" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17546" CreationDate="2018-01-09T10:14:10.980" Score="6" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can somebody explain to me what an &quot;overflow winger&quot; is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read today NKoudou is going on loan to Burnley. Mauricio Pochettino is said to prefer &quot;winger-leaders&quot; like Lamela and Eriksen to &quot;overflow wingers&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only reference to this term I have found online is when discussion Thierry Henry's previous position at Monaco when he played on the wing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess &quot;overflow-winger&quot; describes a traditional winger, a role taken over by the wing-back in a lot of modern teams (like Tottenham). But I wonder if somebody out there knows for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cartilagefreecaptain.sbnation.com/2018/1/9/16866578/tottenham-hotspur-transfer-news-rumors-gk-nkoudou-loan-burnley-end-of-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NKoudou to go on loan to Burnley&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14633" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T17:27:47.447" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T17:27:47.447" Title="What is an &quot;overflow winger&quot;?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17545" CreationDate="2018-01-09T11:11:12.127" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term originates from French (&quot;ailier de débordement&quot;) and got probably translated badly in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my French isn't too rusty you're right and it's just a term for a traditional Winger who's main purpose is to overrun and escape the defenders (not &quot;overflow&quot; them). (See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eurosport.fr/football/le-football-a-tourne-la-page-des-ailiers-de-debordement-et-il-ne-sen-porte-pas-plus-mal_sto4659534/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T11:11:12.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9212" CreationDate="2018-01-09T12:24:38.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Youngest ATP Challenger winners&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Chang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Chang&lt;/a&gt;, 15 years 7 months, 1987 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Las Vegas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gasquet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Richard Gasquet&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years, 2002 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montauban_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Montauban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Tomic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bernard Tomic&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years 4 months, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Maccabi_Men%27s_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 Melbourne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Carlsson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kent Carlsson&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years 7 months, 1984 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neu-Ulm_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neu-Ulm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_Ondruska&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcos Ondruska&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years 7 months, 1989 Durban&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Nadal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rafael Nadal&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years 9 months, 2003 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Citt%C3%A0_della_Disfida&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barletta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Auger-Aliassime&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Félix Auger-Aliassime&lt;/a&gt;, 16 years 10 months, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Open_Sopra_Steria_de_Lyon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Lyon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Djokovic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Novak Djokovic&lt;/a&gt;, 17 years, 2004 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Challenger_(May)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Budapest&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dogger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Dogger&lt;/a&gt;, 17 years, 1988 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_Challenger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Porto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_del_Potro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juan Martín del Potro&lt;/a&gt;, 17 years 1 months, 2005 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_Open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Montevideo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20150420152257/http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/07/28/Challenger-Weekly-Spotlight-7-July-2014.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Challenger Weekly Spotlight: 17-Year-Old Zverev Wins Maiden Title&lt;/a&gt;, 7 July 2014&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tenniscanada.com/auger-aliassime-makes-history-lyon-challenger-title/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Auger-Aliassime makes history with Lyon Challenger title&lt;/a&gt;, 18 June 2017 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170920074313/http://www.tenniscanada.com/auger-aliassime-makes-history-lyon-challenger-title/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/lyon-challenger-2017-auger-aliassime-first-time-spotlight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Challenger #NextGenATP First-Time Winner: Felix Auger-Aliassime&lt;/a&gt;, 18 June 2017 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170914102428/https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/lyon-challenger-2017-auger-aliassime-first-time-spotlight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis/felix-auger-aliassime-challenger-tour-1.4167202&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Is Felix Auger-Aliassime Canada's newest tennis sensation?&lt;/a&gt;, 19 June 2017, (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170912233816/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis/felix-auger-aliassime-challenger-tour-1.4167202&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T13:12:22.853" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T13:12:22.853" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-01-09T12:24:38.250" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17549" CreationDate="2018-01-09T22:03:21.947" Score="8" ViewCount="4990" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean anything is possible in football and I was reading an article about how Coutinho can help FCB in terms of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12087/11199095/philippe-coutinho-can-fulfil-various-roles-for-barcelona-says-guillem-balague&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;attacking football&lt;/a&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I saw &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With Coutinho ineligible to play in Europe for Barcelona this season, Balague says Valverde will use the rest of the domestic campaign to get him to speed in central midfield. Alongside Sergio Busquets, Ivan Rakitic and Paulinho, Coutinho will hone the defensive side of his game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research and found out since Coutinho already played for Liverpool in the UCL he cannot play under Barcelona.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if Liverpool win Champions League would Coutinho have a Champions League medal under his belt and same with Barcelona or will it be neither and he misses out of Champions League if either team win it??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean he did help Liverpool and as far as UEFA are aware he already played for Liverpool and thus cannot play for Barca.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13425" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-01-10T04:47:58.197" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T06:37:35.633" Title="If Liverpool FC win the Champions League does that mean Coutinho wins it as well or if FC Barcelona win Champions league will Coutinho win it as well?" Tags="|football|awards|champions-league|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17548" CreationDate="2018-01-10T01:18:52.867" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/46/71/38/2467138_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League regulations&lt;/a&gt; include a section on &lt;em&gt;Trophy and medals&lt;/em&gt;, which has three subsections. The only part that directly speaks to medals is 11.03, saying that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[t]he  winning  team  is  presented  with  40  gold  medals  and  the  runner-up  with  40 silver medals. Additional medals may not be produced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no restriction on who these medals can be given to or where they might be placed (unlike the replica trophies).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the regulations dealing with registration of players under &lt;em&gt;VII Player Registration&lt;/em&gt;) then prevent a player who joined a club but was not registered or fielded in a match from being given one of the medals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the absence of any further restriction or requirement from UEFA, it appears the decision of awarding medals to individuals is left to the winning or runner-up club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T14:33:27.760" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T14:33:27.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-11T02:41:05.183" Score="6" ViewCount="633" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neymar is considered a very good player and he was playing at one of the best clubs, with some of the best players, in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would he now choose to play for PSG?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10033" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T02:54:43.787" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T16:30:05.463" Title="Why did Neymar join PSG, given how good his previous club is?" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17551" CreationDate="2018-01-11T02:51:44.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-signs-with-paris-saint-germain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neymar himself has explained&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I arrived in Europe, the club has always been one of the most competitive and most ambitious. And the biggest challenge, what most motivated me to join my new teammates is to help the club to conquer the titles that their fans want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paris Saint-Germain’s ambition attracted me to the club, along with the passion and the energy this brings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is interested in their ambitious plans for the future and wants to support major competition victories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T22:13:51.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17551" CreationDate="2018-01-11T09:43:54.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest (and probably only) reason Neymar joined PSG are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/news/neymars-psg-wages-make-him-worlds-second-richest-player/64xuag67e1eq1sttyer647aa1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;36.8 Million Euros&lt;/a&gt; per Year + Bonuses. In Barcelona he got &quot;only&quot; 10M €.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For his career it would have been better to stay with FCB. There he would have been able to get even better by playing with and against better footballers than he does now in France.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T15:00:14.893" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T15:00:14.893" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17556" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17557" CreationDate="2018-01-11T10:00:12.547" Score="0" ViewCount="1140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I've seen in domestic match there was one bowler (spinner) who used his both hands while delivering the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've doubt can it be possible in International Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does ICC has any rule about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13017" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T06:42:17.307" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T06:42:17.307" Title="Can bowler bowl with two hands (left &amp; right) in international cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-01-17T07:25:54.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17556" CreationDate="2018-01-11T11:02:00.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is perfectly legal, so long as the bowler informs the umpire before changing from bowling left-handed to right-handed or vice versa. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.1.1, Mode of delivery&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire shall ascertain whether the bowler intends to bowl right handed or left handed, over or round the wicket, and shall so inform the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unfair if the bowler fails to notify the umpire of a change in his/her mode of delivery.  In this case the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in any of the ICC Playing Conditions for Test Matches, One Day Internationals or T20 Internationals which overrides this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T11:02:00.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17559" CreationDate="2018-01-11T14:35:35.677" Score="6" ViewCount="22625" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying to figure out the possible outcomes in case a ball double bounces off the cricket pitch. I read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21&lt;/a&gt;. Law 20 does not reference double bounced balls. Law 21 says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire shall call and signal No ball if a ball which he/she considers to have been delivered, without having previously touched bat or person of the striker,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bounces more than once or rolls along the ground &lt;em&gt;before it reaches the popping crease&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if double bounces inside the popping crease? And then possibly stumps the batsman? Is there another rule or law regarding that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-10-14T19:51:04.683" Title="What's the complete rule regarding double bouncing balls inside the popping crease?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17558" CreationDate="2018-01-11T16:51:10.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's it - if the ball bounces twice &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; it reaches the popping crease, it's a no ball. If it bounces twice on or after the popping crease, it's a fair delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And then possibly stumps the batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ball cannot stump a batsman; that can only be accomplished by the wicket-keeper. If you mean the ball hits the wicket and permanently dislodges the bails, then the batsman is out bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T16:51:10.393" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3304" CreationDate="2018-01-11T17:53:46.097" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bowler taking six consecutive wickets in a over means two hatricks not a term like double hatrick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14639" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T17:53:46.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-12T04:38:18.207" Score="7" ViewCount="11479" Body="&lt;p&gt;The quarterback hands the ball to a receiver; the handoff is in front of the quarterback but behind the line of scrimmage, which is a legal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the receiver now throw a forward pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14644" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T04:52:24.133" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T20:20:17.970" Title="Can a forward pass be thrown after a handoff made in front of the quarterback?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17562" CreationDate="2018-01-12T07:48:43.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like already explained in my other &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17542/is-there-such-a-thing-as-an-ineligible-runner-in-football&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hand-Off&lt;/a&gt; is not a pass, so yes... a pass may still be thrown as long as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://edge-operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-legal-forward-pass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;passing rules&lt;/a&gt; are met (only one forward pass per play, ball didn't cross the line before, etc). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handing the ball is transferring player possession from one teammate&#xA;  to another without passing or kicking it. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://edge-operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#section-15-handling-the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules Section 15&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no statement in the rules of (in)eligible pass throwers, so anyone may do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also Julian Edelman (Wide Receiver) threw a TD pass in 2015: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/game?gameId=400749515&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ravens vs Patriots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T09:40:49.220" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T09:40:49.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17525" CreationDate="2018-01-12T11:05:52.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, there is no such limit. The official &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/mm/Document/documentlibrary/AlpineSkiing/03/20/84/AL_WCRules2018_20.07.2017_final_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules for the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup&lt;/a&gt; define only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.6 Limitation for SL / GS / DH in 2 runs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Limitation for the 2nd run (Slalom / Giant Slalom / DH): Only the first 30 competitors from the 1st run are qualified. This limitation is not valid for the Alpine Combined (see art. 9.5.1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(And as noted, the Alpine Combined does not have even that limit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;9.5.1 Alpine Combined&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All competitors who complete the 1st run correctly have the right to start in the 2nd run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did not find any more stringent criteria. The more general &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/mm/Document/documentlibrary/AlpineSkiing/03/29/54/ICR_2017_final_08082017_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Ski Competition Rules&lt;/a&gt; define the following for slalom races (and similarly for the other race types):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;806.2 Limitations in the Second Run&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Jury has the right to reduce the number of competitors for the second run to half on the first run start list. The decision has to be made no later than one hour before the start of the first run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, no specific time limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, note that competitors who have more than 108% of the total time of the winner will receive no World Cup points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10.2 Time difference from the winning time&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a competitor's overall time (at combined events the total running times of both events counting for the Combined) is more than eight (8) percent greater than the winning time, irrespective of the rank achieved, no points will be awarded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T12:50:09.373" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T12:50:09.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17566" CreationDate="2018-01-12T11:37:37.473" Score="6" ViewCount="8117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since we bought a dart game in our office I am trying to improve my game.&#xA;Currently I use some low quality common darts, which where delivered with the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When browsing Amazon or other vendors I saw that some darts are 20 grams and others are 16 grams, and there are plenty of differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that you can use darts which you feel comfortable with, but I'd like to stick to the standard. What are the professional darts players using?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If for example 90% use 16 grams, I would like to try out some of these weight classes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1845" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T23:34:33.917" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T19:54:00.200" Title="Is there a weight limit on darts, and what weight do professionals use, relative to such a limit?" Tags="|rules|equipment|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17565" CreationDate="2018-01-12T12:14:17.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedra.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DARTS REGULATION AUTHORITY&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/DRA-Rules-final-140115.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RULE BOOK&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;GENERAL PLAYING RULES  &#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;5.1 Administration  &#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;5.1.1 Players shall provide their own darts which shall not exceed an overall maximum length of 30.5 cms (12ins) nor weigh more than 50 grams. Each dart shall consist of a needle shaped point which shall be fixed to a barrel. At the rear of the barrel&#xA;  shall be an attached flighted stem which may consist of up to a maximum of three separate pieces (namely any combination of; a flight, a flight securing device and a stem).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, weight limit for darts is 50 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find about dart information of a player using &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerStats.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dartsdatabase.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.perfectdartsforum.com/post/average-dart-weight-of-the-top-32-pdc-players-8462100&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;perfectdartsforum&lt;/a&gt; post &quot;Average Dart Weight of the Top 32 PDC Players&quot; average was found to be 22.09 grams. (might have changed so use &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerStats.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dartsdatabase.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fro &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dartworld.com/dart-world-questions-answers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dartworld.com&lt;/a&gt; post &quot;Helpful Information&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dart Weights&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Steel tip darts are measured by weighing the point and barrel without the flight and shaft. Although darts are available in a wide range of weights (from 18 – 40 grams), the majority of players play with darts weighing 18 – 23 grams when using brass and 23 – 26 grams when using tungsten darts. The legal weight limit of your major overseeing organizations is 50 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Soft tip darts are measured by weighing the entire dart including the barrel, flight and shaft. The weights being used to play soft tip darts are most commonly 16, 18 and 20 grams and are much lighter than their steel tip counterparts. Originally, soft tip darts needed to be light in weight because the electronic matrix in the vending machine was delicate and couldn’t withstand the impact of a heavy dart. The technology has been greatly improved over the years and the dart weights have increased steadily from the original 12 grams to the current top weight of 20 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dartbrokers.com/dart-buying-guide-pro.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://dartbrokers.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T13:03:39.660" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T13:03:39.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17567" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-12T15:58:58.240" Score="1" ViewCount="1749" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand there are these primary match officials: the referee, the umpire, the head coach, and the scorer (one from each team). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wish to know what duties they perform &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the start of the match&lt;/strong&gt;. I knew of a few myself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Match referee&lt;/strong&gt;: conducts toss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Umpire&lt;/strong&gt;: checks whether the floodlighting is proper; the ball is playable; and the pitch condition is good.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scorer&lt;/strong&gt;: checks technical equipment, and resets display of score to zero.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coach&lt;/strong&gt;: Boosting the morale of the team? I am unsure :/&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, they obviously aren't complete. I checked the laws and they mention the pre-match duties of &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; the umpire (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-the-umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.3 and 2.4&lt;/a&gt;). The laws don't go into the details of the referee or the scorers or the coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the pre-match duties of the umpire, referee, head-coach, and the scorer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T20:07:15.173" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T20:07:15.173" Title="What are the duties performed by the match officials before the start of a match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-12T17:28:01.023" Score="3" ViewCount="960" Body="&lt;p&gt;We need your help about this case in our badminton match (shuttlecock side (A) and racket side (B)): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The shuttlecock and racket both touch the net at the same time (the shuttle isn't falling down, it's just touchs the net).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone tell me who will get the point in this case (shuttlecock side or racket side)? And it would be great if you can tell us that's following what are the rules/laws?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14647" LastEditorUserId="14647" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T08:38:25.237" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T08:38:25.237" Title="Who will get the point in this case?" Tags="|rules|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17568" CreationDate="2018-01-12T17:40:58.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on who hit the shuttle in which situation. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/SECTION%204.1-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%2005012018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of badminton&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§14.2.3.2 It shall be a let if, after the service is returned, the shuttle after passing over the net is caught in the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the racket side hit the shuttle during the rally, it's a let, i.e. you replay the rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other cases, it's a fault of the side which hit the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§13.2.2 It shall be a fault if, in service, the shuttle after passing over the net, is caught in the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§13.3.2 It shall be a fault if, in play, the shuttle fails to pass over the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the shuttle is in flight, the latter rule does not apply. Per §15.1, only if the shuttle is caught in the net and starts to drop down, the fault is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So much for the shuttle side. When the racket touches the net, it's a fault as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§13.4.1 It shall be a fault if, in play, a player touches the net (..) with racket (..).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming the shuttle side hit the shuttle last, you have to evaluate what happened first - per §15.3, the first fault ends the rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the racket touched the net before the shuttle hit the net, it's a fault of the racket side and the point goes to the shuttle side.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shuttle hit the net and started falling downwards (even a little bit of tumbling) before the racket hit the net, then it's a fault of the shuttle side and the point goes to the racket side.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the shuttle got caught in the net just as the racket hit the net and you can't decide which happened first, it's a let, per §14.2.7.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T17:52:48.883" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17567" CreationDate="2018-01-12T20:02:58.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The duties of the scorers are covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-3-the-scorers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3&lt;/a&gt; - but note that this does not include any &quot;technical equipment&quot; or &quot;display&quot;. At least within the letter of the Laws, it is perfectly permissible for the score to be recorded only on pieces of paper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that the Laws don't go into the details of the match referee or the coach is because neither are required for a match. For example, in the Laws of the Game, the toss is overseen by one or both umpires (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-13-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 13.4&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The captains shall toss a coin for the choice of innings, on the field of play and in the presence of one or both of the umpires, not earlier than 30 minutes, nor later than 15 minutes before the scheduled or any rescheduled time for the start of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, the match referee duties are defined within the playing conditions for a particular match - for example, there are many references to the referee within the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/10/05/226f919d-1bdd-4719-a32b-11b582a1c8a0/ICC-Men-s-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-2017-Code-FINAL-051017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;, including modifications to Law 13.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The captains shall toss a coin for the choice of innings, on the field of play and &lt;strong&gt;under the supervision of the ICC Match Referee&lt;/strong&gt;, not earlier than 30 minutes, nor later than 15 minutes before the scheduled or any rescheduled time for the start of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). Coaches are essentially not referred to at all in either the Laws or ICC Playing Conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T20:02:58.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14198" CreationDate="2018-01-13T06:48:46.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: Umpire made a wrong decision if they had consulted with a captain regarding obstacle within the boundary [law 2.3.1.4] before the game and it was confirmed that it did not hit a kid [law 19.2.7] and hit fielder discarded item [law 28.2.3].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;laws of cricket&lt;/a&gt;: (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-the-umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2 - The umpires&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.3  Consultation with captains&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Before the toss the umpires shall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2.3.1 meet with the captains; the umpires shall determine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2.3.1.4 the boundary of the field of play and allowances for boundaries, &lt;strong&gt;including whether any obstacle within the field of play is to be regarded as a boundary&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2.3.2  inform the scorers of agreements in 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.3, &lt;em&gt;2.3.1.4&lt;/em&gt; and 2.3.1.6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19 (Boundaries)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;19.1 Determining the boundary of the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;19.1.1 Before the toss, the umpires shall determine the boundary of the field of play, which shall be fixed for the duration of the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;19.2 Identifying and marking the boundary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;19.2.6 An obstacle within the field of play, other than as in 19.2.7, shall not be regarded as a boundary unless so determined by the umpires before the toss.  See Law 2.3.1.4 (Consultation with captains).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;19.2.7 &lt;em&gt;A person or animal coming onto the field of play while the ball is in play shall not be regarded as a boundary unless the umpires determine otherwise&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;at the time that contact between the ball and such a person or animal is made&lt;/strong&gt;.  The decision shall be made for each separate occurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 28 - The fielder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;28.2 Fielding the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;28.2.1 A fielder may field the ball with any part of his/her person (see Appendix A.12), except as in 28.2.1.2.  However, he/she will be deemed to have fielded the ball illegally if, while the ball is in play he/she wilfully&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;28.2.1.3 discards a piece of clothing, equipment or any other object which subsequently makes contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;28.2.3 If a fielder illegally fields the ball, the ball shall immediately become dead and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the penalty for a No ball or a Wide shall stand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any runs completed by the batsmen shall be credited to the batting side, together with the run in progress if the batsmen had already&#xA;    crossed at the instant of the offence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball shall not count as one of the over.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;In addition the umpire shall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;inform the other umpire and the captain of the fielding side of the reason for this action.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;inform the batsmen and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side of what has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So&lt;/strong&gt;, when a kid tried to grab the ball inside the ground but if it is confirmed that the ball did not hit him that is not to be considered as a boundary. However again if it is certain that the ball did hit something and jumped so depending on what was decided before game (whether that obstacle within the field of play is to be regarded as a boundary or not &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; if it was discarded piece of clothing, equipment or any other object of a fielder which made contact with the ball) &lt;em&gt;umpire has to give decisions based on either [law 19.2.7] or [law 28.2.3]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if above things were not certain then from,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-2-the-umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2 - The umpires&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.11 Disagreement and dispute&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where there is disagreement or dispute about any matter&lt;/strong&gt;, the umpires together shall make the final decision.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.12 Umpire’s decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An umpire may alter any decision provided that such alteration is made promptly. This apart, an umpire’s decision, once made, is final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires together made the final decision according to their interpretation of laws which wasn't altered so it was final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T07:00:50.377" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T07:00:50.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17582" CreationDate="2018-01-13T11:49:48.240" Score="5" ViewCount="9809" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do bowlers actually get the ball to reverse? What conditions do they need to get the ball to swing and what are some of the tactics used to get the ball to swing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T12:27:48.993" LastActivityDate="2023-11-14T22:46:45.263" Title="What is the science behind reverse swing?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|technique|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17575" CreationDate="2018-01-13T16:27:42.877" Score="-1" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the bowler's steps get tangled, during his run-up until the time before which he releases his delivery, then what is the procedure regarding it? In such a case of tangling of steps, the bowler might run-into the umpire, be swayed from his path away from the pitch, or simply fall straight onto the ground. I searched the laws but couldn't find any mention of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened before? And what is the official procedure for handling this situation? Is a no-ball given or a dead ball? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T01:33:37.000" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T03:27:35.163" Title="What happens if bowler's steps get tangled?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17574" CreationDate="2018-01-13T18:31:24.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 20, &lt;em&gt;Dead ball&lt;/em&gt; provides that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.4.2 Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.4.2.9 the ball does not leave the bowler’s hand for any reason other than an attempt to run out the non-striker under Law 41.16 (Non-striker leaving his/her ground early).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire calls and signals dead ball. It does not count as a ball in the over, as provided by Law 17, &lt;em&gt;The over&lt;/em&gt; saying&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.3.2 A ball delivered by the bowler shall not count as one of the 6 balls of the over&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.3.2.1 if it is called dead, or is to be considered dead, before the striker has had an opportunity to play it. See Law 20.6 (Dead ball; ball counting as one of over).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the aforementioned Law 20, &lt;em&gt;Dead ball&lt;/em&gt; reinforcing the statement that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.6.1 When a ball which has been delivered is called dead or is to be considered dead then, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.6.1.1 it will not count in the over if the striker has not had an opportunity to play it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bowler muffing their run-up is not common, but will typically only occur once or twice in a one day international innings, if at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T03:27:35.163" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17634" CreationDate="2018-01-14T00:59:48.907" Score="5" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Philadelphia Eagles hosted and beat the Atalanta Falcons on NFC's Divisional playoffs round of the 2017-18 NFL season. The eagles became the first top seed team since the 70's to host a playoff game as an underdog. The Eagles were considered the underdogs mainly because their starting Quarterback Carson Wentz had  a season ending leg injury a month earlier and the team did not perform as well with the backup QB Nick Foles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times the top seed of an NFL conference started their first postseason game as an underdog in the history of the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T01:35:59.863" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T20:47:29.343" Title="NFL conference top seed hosting divisional round playoff game as an underdog" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17573" CreationDate="2018-01-14T06:56:24.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reverse swing comes into play when the ball gets older, you may have seen bowlers cleaning a partial surface(side) of the ball. This Is done to enhance the reverse swing later in the innings. After a extended period of bowling, when you look at the ball, you will notice a rougher and shiny side, now the ball starts to swing in unconventional way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under a normal condition when the seam is towards the slip, then it is a outswinger, but in reverse swing it becomes inswinger, because of the airflow difference between the rough and shiny side. You could watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/W4tGaoSz14g&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; for further explanation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the pitch is dry then the ball becomes rough in a small amount of time (sub continent pitches)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seam position and the angle also plays an important role in reverse swing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;From the science perspective, it's the Magnus effect that causes the reverse swing, You have a ball with two layers a rough and a shiny one, try passing smoke onto two sides of ball,you will see that rough side produce turbulent flow, the shiny side produce laminar flow, this creates a pressure difference (Bernoulli effect) and makes the ball go the other direction than the batsman anticipated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13229" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T08:49:06.040" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T08:49:06.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17573" CreationDate="2018-01-14T08:43:14.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reverse swing is the swing a bowler gets with the old ball towards the shiny side of the old ball rather than the conventional swing a bowler gets. If a bowler is bowling an outswinger, reverse-swing makes it an inswinger and vice-versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the science behind reverse swing?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been plenty of theories about the science involved in reverse swing. The simplest explanation from former England bowling coach Troy Cooley is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Reverse swing is all to do with the deterioration of the ball and the seam position in flight. As the ball becomes rougher, it will take on a different characteristic as it deteriorates. So if you present the ball as an outswinger, the ball has deteriorated so much on the rough side that it takes on the characteristics of the shiny side. Which means a natural outswinger will become an inswinger and conversely, an inswinger into an outswinger.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JSe6I.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JSe6I.gif&quot; alt=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Air passing over a cricket ball creates turbulence, and two kinds of swing result from the ball responding to surface turbulence in opposite ways. In conventional swing, the ball is believed to move towards the side of greater turbulence, while in 'reverse' swing it goes the other way, away from the turbulence, and hence the term. Differential turbulence between the ball's two halves can be created either by angling the seam (as in new-ball or conventional swing), or by allowing one half to scuff up through wear and tear while the other half is kept obsessively polished and smooth (as in reverse swing). If there is a pressure difference between the two sides of the ball a side force or swing will be generated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand this explanation read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/258645.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; written by Rabindra Mehta, a Sports Aerodynamics Consultant and NASA Scientist based in California. Also watch this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4tGaoSz14g&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do bowlers actually get the ball to reverse?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing much to it, a bowler bowling outswingers will still have the seam pointed towards the slips, but with the rough side facing the batsman, instead of the smooth for conventional swing, the ball will now behave like an inswinger and swing into the batsman. So, if the contrast in surface roughness on the two sides of a ball is successfully created and maintained, just by keeping the rough side of the ball on the off-side, the shiny side on leg-side bowler can obtain reverse swing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grip, raised seam of the cricket ball, wear and tear on the ball, speed of the ball bowled (above ~80mph) and fast movement of the body (bowler’s action) is key to get the ball to reverse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8HCu0.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8HCu0.gif&quot; alt=&quot;img 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What conditions do they need to get the ball to swing and what are some of the tactics used to get the ball to swing?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the condition needed to get the ball to swing is to polish one side of the ball and let other side to roughen during the course of play. The rough side should not be repaired and the shiny side must be properly shone by the players. The subcontinent pitches, which are dry and rough are considered to the best for reverse swing as the ball gets worn up quickly on a rough and dry pitch. Reverse swing favours the older ball but depending on the type of ball, manufacturing techniques ball may start to reverse even after 20 overs, usually occours at the end of innings (around ~40 overs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of the chosen procedure for polishing, at the outset, the opening bowler should pick the side on the ball with the smaller or lighter (less rough) embossment and continue to polish only that side during the course of the innings. The other (seam) side of the ball should be allowed to roughen during the course of play to aid the production of reverse swing. Once the seam side has roughened enough, reverse swing is simply obtained by turning the ball over so that the rough side faces the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275212667_Aerodynamics_of_cricket_ball_swing_An_overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aerodynamics of Cricket Ball Swing DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1676.7523  Vaibhav Ghiya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/258645.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The science of swing bowling RABINDRA MEHTA, espncricinfo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/what-is-reverse-swing-how-to-bowl-reverse-swing-and-how-to-bat-against-reverse-swing-4416686/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;What is reverse-swing, how to bowl reverse-swing and how to bat against reverse-swing?, indianexpress.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/4155734.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swing and seam bowling, bbc.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/258251.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reverse swing or super swing?, espncricinfo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/the-science-of-swing-how-do-bowlers-swing-the-ball-in-mid-air.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Science Of Swing: How Do Bowlers Swing the Ball In Mid-Air?, scienceabc.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_bowling#Reverse_swing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reverse swing, wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T08:43:14.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15728" CreationDate="2018-01-14T10:38:35.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instances that I could find, where the batsman chose to walk, after realising that they have nicked the ball, without any appeal from the fielding side (at least not until they choose to walk out) are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&amp;amp;v=l0DFbLCAAW0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kumar Sangakkara against England&lt;/a&gt; (not sure which match) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iplt20.com/video/102521/hashim-amla-the-fair-play-ambassador-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hashim Amla for KXIP against RCB&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T10:38:35.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3304" CreationDate="2018-01-14T12:24:03.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&amp;amp;objectid=11789075&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A 'perfect over' of 6 wickets taken with 6 consecutive balls&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/38743940&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bbc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; was achieved by Australian Aled Carey on 21 January 2017 while bowling for his club Golden Point against East Ballarat. This perfect over consisted of 2 catches, an LBW and 3 bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/GoldenPointCC/status/822719319079456768/photo/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his club Golden Point tweet&lt;/a&gt; states this as &lt;strong&gt;quadruple Hat-Trick&lt;/strong&gt;, while few media like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/260117/stunning-aussie-club-cricketer-aled-carey-scalps-2-hat-tricks-in-an-over.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;deccanchronicle&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/182107-6-balls-6-wickets-and-2-hat-tricks-an-Aussie-bowlers-perfect-over&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thenews&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://article.wn.com/view/2017/01/26/Stunning_Aussie_club_cricketer_Aled_Carey_scalps_2_hattricks/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article.wn&lt;/a&gt; states this as &lt;strong&gt;2 hat-tricks in an over&lt;/strong&gt; and some other media like &lt;a href=&quot;http://zeenews.india.com/cricket/six-deliveries-six-wickets-australian-club-cricketer-aled-carey-bowls-the-perfect-over_1971007.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;zeenews&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://scroll.in/field/827728/australian-club-cricketer-bowls-the-perfect-over-six-wickets-in-six-balls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scroll&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.financialexpress.com/sports/australian-bowler-stuns-opposition-picks-6-wickets-in-six-balls/525139/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;financialexpress&lt;/a&gt; states this as &lt;strong&gt;double hat-trick&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as hims056 said in his answer, there is no special term for that. Everyone refer to these hat-tricks in their own term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T12:24:03.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17586" CreationDate="2018-01-14T13:02:37.417" Score="2" ViewCount="3321" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard Sourav Ganguly say that the Indian Under-19 players are allowed to play in only one World Cup, while he was commentating in the India vs Australia U-19 World Cup match in New Zealand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is this rule applicable for the Indian players only or is this an universal rule for the Under 19 players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T15:02:25.773" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T15:02:25.773" Title="Are all the Under-19 players allowed to play only one world cup?" Tags="|rules|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17585" CreationDate="2018-01-14T14:59:10.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This seems to be for Indian Players only because the BCCI has decided that players who have represented India in one Under-19 World Cup cannot take part in another edition of the tournament, even if they meet the age criteria to do so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from this, the BCCI also passed a rule that players can only play a maximum of two season of Under-19 cricket. This is one of the many ways the board is trying to rectify the situation of age fudging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before this rule, a number of players have represented India at more than one Under-19 World Cup. Three members of their squad in 2016 - Avesh Khan, Sarfaraz Khan and Ricky Bhui - had also played in the 2014 edition. Examples from the past include Ravindra Jadeja (2006 and 2008) and Vijay Zol (2012 and 2014).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/16473396/india-players-barred-playing-multiple-u-19-world-cups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India players barred from playing multiple U-19 World Cups&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/bcci-prohibits-indian-players-playing-multiple-u-19-world-cups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BCCI prohibits Indian players from playing multiple U-19 World Cups&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/16859383/bcci-issues-guidelines-state-associations-age-fudging&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BCCI issues guidelines to state associations on age fudging&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T14:59:10.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17590" CreationDate="2018-01-14T19:03:08.213" Score="3" ViewCount="1891" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sports I know of (e.g. soccer) will mention the home team first; e.g. if Barcelona plays Real Madrid in Barcelona, the scoreboard will show&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Barcelona - Real Madrid &amp;nbsp; 1 - 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;both in the stadium (where the home team is often displayed above the away team) and on television, at one of the edges of the screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in my (limited) experience of watching NBA, I have often (maybe even always?) seen the &lt;em&gt;away&lt;/em&gt; team mentioned first. Most recent example on Dutch television: a summary of Milwaukee Bucks - Golden State Warriors, played in Milwaukee; the scoreboard at the bottom (provided by ESPN) showed GS - MIL, where I expected it would be the other way around. What logic is used to determine which team is mentioned first in the score in NBA games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T21:43:17.763" Title="Which team is mentioned first in the score in NBA games?" Tags="|nba|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17589" CreationDate="2018-01-14T20:54:46.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The American convention is that the &lt;em&gt;away&lt;/em&gt; team is first - you can think of this as &quot;Golden State at Milwaukee&quot;. This convention extends to how the fixtures are listed; for example, picking today's schedule from &lt;a href=&quot;http://uk.global.nba.com/schedule/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the official NBA site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xt8fo.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xt8fo.png&quot; alt=&quot;NBA schedule for 2018-01-14&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can see that the fixtures are all listed as &quot;away team (at) home team&quot; (the times listed there are funny because I'm in the UK, so the site has listed UK times). The same certainly applies to the rest of the &quot;Big Four&quot; sports in the USA (NFL, MLB, NHL) and to the college variants of those sports, but I note that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/schedule&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLS site&lt;/a&gt; follows the &quot;European&quot; convention and lists the home team first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;away team first&quot; convention is widely attributed (see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/sports/comments/5s8nbu/why_do_american_sports_list_the_away_team_before/?st=jcfb13qc&amp;amp;sh=f21479ce&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://wtop.com/news/2014/12/why-do-we-list-the-home-team-last/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Why-do-score-boards-in-American-sports-list-the-visiting-team-first-In-European-Football-the-home-team-is-listed-first&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;) as being due to baseball, where the away team always bats first and the home team second - thus it makes some sense to list the away team first, particularly given the &quot;top of the innings&quot; and &quot;bottom of the innings&quot; names. Other sports are reported as having simply followed baseball's convention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T21:43:17.763" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T21:43:17.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17595" CreationDate="2018-01-15T10:06:31.897" Score="4" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the technical area should only extend 1 m (1 yd) on either side of the designated seated area and up to a distance of 1 m (1 yd) from the touchline&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play/chapters/the-technical-area&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Read Law 1.9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice it mentions 1 meter and 1 yard &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt;. Clearly, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters and they both are not equal. So, by writing &quot;(1 yd)&quot; in parentheses, what are the laws trying to indicate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T11:36:00.470" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T18:33:00.503" Title="Is this a mistake specifying dimensions in the IFAB laws?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15177" CreationDate="2018-01-15T10:28:08.770" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instances that I could find where batsman was not given out due to lack of appeal are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;1. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/world-cup-2011-strauss-edged-it-twice-but-indians-didnt-appeal/20110228.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strauss edged it twice but Indians didn't appeal!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;England skipper Andrew Strauss, who was the architect of India's agony by hitting his highest ODI score of 158, should have been out when he has scored a mere 13 if wicket-keeper Dhoni, Zaheer or close-in fielders had appealed for a caught behind at that point. Strauss clearly nicked a Zaheer delivery but there was no appeal by the Indians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;98 runs later, the England skipper had another stroke of luck when he again edged Zaheer to Dhoni with his score at 111 but none of the Indians on the field appealed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zBt1j.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zBt1j.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Strauss 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O6E9M.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O6E9M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Strauss 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/commentary/433568/india-vs-england-11th-match,-group-b-world-cup-2010-11&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;2. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/cricket/article-3154243/The-Ashes-LIVE-2015-England-vs-Australia-cricket-score-Day-2-Test-Cardiff.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Moeen Ali against Australia The Ashes 2015 Day Two Cardiff&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;94th over: England 367-7 (Moeen Ali 39, Broad 11)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Starc continues to Ali. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ali appears to get a very slight edge to a ball and it was caught. &lt;em&gt;No appeal, so not out!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;View from Sportsmail's cricket correspondent Paul Newman in Cardiff:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And now it appears Moeen Ali got a very fine edge to the keeper in Starc's last over and nobody appealed! It's all happening out there! This is a brilliant start to the second day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;3. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/cricket/england-need-record-run-chase-to-snatch-victory-from-jaws-of-defeat-to-south-africa-a3589111.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hashim Amla against England 2nd Test, Investec Test Series England v South Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When he had 25, Amla pushed at a delivery from Stuart Broad. Of the England fielders, only Alastair Cook at first slip seemed convinced he had edged to the keeper. There was &lt;em&gt;no appeal&lt;/em&gt; – only for Hot Spot to show a faint mark on Amla’s bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YjHE1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YjHE1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;amla&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Desmond: &quot;&quot;EDIT: There was an edge! Oh dear...&quot; Amla walks so that must have escaped everyone's attention &quot; Batsmen walk when it suits them ... that's the general rule of thumb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Di: &quot;What you really have to do is look at the replays, if Alma turned his head to the keeper, he knew he nicked it...&quot; Maybe, maybe. Mind you, hard to moralise about non-walking batsmen in Eng v SA encounters at Trent Bridge, of all places...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10718/commentary/1031439/England-vs-South-Africa-2nd-Test-sa-tour-of-england-2017?innings=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;4. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/video/steve-smith-edge-behind-97-no-appeal-innings-highlights-australia-pakistan-gabba-day-one/2016-12-15&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smith nicks on 97 but Pakistan don't appeal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/neUFY.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/neUFY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;smith&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Beaten past the outside edge. Or not. Hotspot picks up a little white blotch. Snicko detects a spike. Sarfraz dives across to his right and takes it. Faint edge, no appeal from Pakistan, they did not pick up the tickle.... They take a catch off Amir, but it all amounts to nothing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10617/commentary/1000881/Australia-vs-Pakistan-1st-Test-pak-tour-of-aus-2016-17?innings=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From espncricinfo article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18289545/steven-smith-owns-edge-97&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smith owns up to edge on 97&lt;/a&gt;&quot;: (Already stated in Nxaunxau answer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I was very surprised, it was pretty loud, obviously I was on 97, there was a fair bit going on in the crowd,&quot; Smith told ABC radio on Friday morning. &quot;It was pretty loud, but yeah, I did nick it, and no one went up so I wasn't going to walk.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;5. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/australia/3040561/England-pay-dearly-for-losing-appeal.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Waugh against England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Attempting to avoid a short ball from Stephen Harmison, Waugh tried to withdraw his bat but not before the ball brushed it on the way to James Foster, England's wicketkeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Foster half-heartedly held up his hands, as if not quite believing what he had seen, but along with the rest of the side &lt;em&gt;did not ask the crucial question&lt;/em&gt; of umpire Dave Orchard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/12/30/1041196597506.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;England simply not appealing in the field&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;England captain Nasser Hussain: &quot;I saw a deflection from mid-off but we couldn't hear a noise. Obviously James Foster started to appeal because he'd seen something and no one else heard anything. It came up on the big screen, looked like he'd gloved it. I was spewing, to be honest, [thinking] 'Why didn't we appeal?&quot;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9d9JZwOnO3w&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this youtube video&lt;/a&gt;. Sorry for the title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;6. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.news18.com/cricketnext/cricket-live-scorecard/india-vs-australia-ball-by-ball-live-commentary-inau03252017182439.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Murali Vijay against Australia 4th Test, Australia tour of India&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.1 Shorter in length on middle and leg, Vijay raises his bat and lets it go after looking to play at it first. Wade collects the ball and appeals. He is the only one doing so though. Replays though show there was a slight spike on Snicko. Oh dear, what a miss that for Australia. Was too faint a edge and hence &lt;em&gt;nobody appealed along with Wade&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TMSKr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TMSKr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;vijay&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Oh hello. This has come off the glove. They don't appeal. Only half an appeal. Cummins has fallen in his follow-through so he doesn't know what happened, and Wade puts in only half a shout. Australia let another opportunity go&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10839/commentary/1062576/India-vs-Australia-4th-Test&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check this video: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/video/umpire-gaffaney-raised-finger-pujara-wicket-appeal-hazlewood-india-australia-third-test-highlights/2017-03-19&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Umpire Chris Gaffaney looked set to give India's Cheteshwar Pujara out on day four in Ranchi, but a half-hearted appeal may have changed his mind&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T10:28:08.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17593" CreationDate="2018-01-15T11:18:13.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not a mistake. From Wikipedia article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_pitch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football pitch&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Due to the original formulation of the Laws in England and the early supremacy of the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. &lt;strong&gt;The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets)&lt;/strong&gt;, but use of the imperial units remains common in some countries, especially in the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, 1 yard = 0.9144 meter ≈ 1 meter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/466/132754_131217_1974min.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB 1974 minutes of the annual general meeting&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TJGzW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TJGzW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;decision&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not exactly sure when board approved this table of measurement as some meeting files are not available online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T18:33:00.503" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T18:33:00.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7131" CreationDate="2018-01-15T13:41:51.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ice_hockey_terms#H&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary of ice hockey terms&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Healthy scratch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An uninjured player on the roster who does not dress for a game. Only 20 players (22 in international competition) are allowed to dress for a game, players who are not going to play are considered scratches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/coyotes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arizona Coyotes&lt;/a&gt; article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://coyotes.ice.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=32697&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Advanced Hockey Lingo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Healthy Scratch: A player who has no injury and is still not dressed for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, a player with no injury, who is not dressed for the game is considered as a Healthy Scratch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T13:41:51.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17562" CreationDate="2018-01-15T19:39:45.633" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it'd be &lt;strong&gt;illegal&lt;/strong&gt;.  If the hand off is forward, it counts as a forward pass. If the receiver of that forward hand off then throws a forward pass it'd be considered the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; forward pass of the play and thus be &lt;strong&gt;illegal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14667" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T19:39:45.633" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17598" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-15T21:16:43.393" Score="7" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2018011401/2017/POST19/Saints@Vikings?icampaign=scoreStrip-globalNav-2018011401#menu=gameinfo&amp;amp;tab=recap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFC Divisional playoff game on 2018-01-14 between Minnesota and New Orleans&lt;/a&gt;, Minnesota's Stephon Diggs scored a touchdown as time expired in the fourth quarter to take the lead and thus win the game.  Of course, the game does not end till the PAT is attempted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diggs removed and threw his helmet in jubilation.  The back judge threw a flag, presumably for unsportsmanlike conduct, but this penalty was never announced.  Why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players, media, coaches, staff, and security rushed the field.  After about ten minutes, the officials were able to get everyone off the field and the Minnesota offense on the field for a PAT attempt. Why was delay-of-game not called against the Vikings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Saints were not there, and it took another minute or so to get eight Saints onto the field and onsides before the Vikings could snap and kneel-down.  Why was delay-of-game not called against the Saints?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real reason is, of course, everyone had been caught up in the moment; it was an exceptional ending to the game.  Further, any penalty would have been toothless and silly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any guideline the NFL uses to withhold a penalty call due to unusual celebrations or mass reactions like this?&lt;/strong&gt; Or, did the officials simply use their discretion to avoid a silly but correct call when it doesn't matter? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T15:17:24.443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T01:57:23.187" Title="Is there any guideline the NFL uses to refrain from calling a penalty due to unusual celebrations or mass reactions?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17600" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17601" CreationDate="2018-01-16T06:57:53.743" Score="4" ViewCount="10449" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, if an extra point kick is blocked can the offense pick it up and advance it or recover it in the end zone? Would they score 1 point or two? Does it matter where the ball lands after the block (i.e., passing the line of scrimmage vs. not) before it is picked up? Is it different in the NFL vs. college?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's triggering this question is the 1-point safety rule. I'm trying to figure out what in the world a defender &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; do about a ball that lands in or near the end zone on a blocked extra point. Why is there any motivation at all to pick that ball up and try to run with it if they might be tackled in the end zone, giving 1 point to the offense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've spent an hour researching all the sources I could find, and they discuss all the cases of the defense scoring on a blocked extra point kick, but I can't find a good answer regarding the offense scoring if the offense regains possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14671" LastEditorUserId="14671" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T02:26:30.237" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T04:21:48.217" Title="Scoring by offense on a blocked extra point" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17600" CreationDate="2018-01-16T07:53:36.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can go for two points, if you recover the ball and score a Touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL rules actually include occasions like these since they were changed in 2015 (before this rule change it was only possible to recover the ball in  two point conversions). In College Football it was already possible before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-results-of-a-try&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 11.3.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a Try results in a &lt;strong&gt;touchdown&lt;/strong&gt; by either team, &lt;strong&gt;two points&lt;/strong&gt; are awarded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the Try results in what would ordinarily be a &lt;strong&gt;safety&lt;/strong&gt; against either team, &lt;strong&gt;one point&lt;/strong&gt; is awarded to the opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;General &lt;em&gt;Fumble after two-minute warning&lt;/em&gt; rules apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball may be advanced by any opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player who fumbled is the only player of his team who is permitted to recover and advance the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the recovery or catch is by a teammate of the player who fumbled, the ball is dead, and the spot of the next snap is the spot of the&#xA;fumble, or the spot of the recovery if the spot of the recovery is&#xA;behind the spot of the fumble.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-10-07T04:21:48.217" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T04:21:48.217" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17602" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-16T11:09:35.787" Score="2" ViewCount="5056" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper has caught the ball and decides to put it on the ground to kick it to his teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the ball considered to be in play? Can any other player, including the opponents, play it from the ground and score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14673" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-03-03T06:23:56.963" LastActivityDate="2023-03-03T06:23:56.963" Title="Is the ball considered in play when the goalkeeper puts it on the ground after catching it?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17602" CreationDate="2018-01-16T11:13:27.417" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As long as he just caught it, so it is no goal kick, free kick or something similar, the ball is in play when he stops controlling it with his hands. So if he puts it down, the ball is in play, the moment his hands leave the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen in rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12-2 (Indirect free kick)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from the hands or kicks or attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the ball is between the hands or between the hand and any surface (e.g. ground, own body) or by touching it with any part of the hands or arms except if the ball rebounds accidentally from the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper has made a save&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;holding the ball in the outstretched open hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;bouncing it on the ground or throwing it in the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper cannot be challenged by an opponent when in control of the ball with the hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules do not include any other things why he is still controlling it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13225" LastEditorUserId="13225" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T11:41:32.417" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T11:41:32.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17602" CreationDate="2018-01-16T11:14:33.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the ball is in play - but it was in play before the goalkeeper put it on the ground as well. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/290/092559_310517_LotG_17_18_LAW09.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 9, The Ball In and Out of Play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1. Ball out of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or&#xA;  in the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;play has been stopped by the referee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2. Ball in play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is in play at all other times, including when it rebounds off a match&#xA;  official, goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and remains in the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T11:14:33.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17619" CreationDate="2018-01-17T08:21:37.793" Score="4" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;Luckily, Germany was awarded a penalty after the game was already over, thanks to the video technology (&lt;a href=&quot;http://cro2018.ehf-euro.com/newsdetail/reichmanns-penalty-secures-lucky-draw-for-germany/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game report&lt;/a&gt;). Now Slovenia files a protest hoping to get the match replayed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I like that decision I am not sure if it was a correct one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it allowed to call the video proof after the final buzzer went off? The rules of the Game don't mention video tech at all.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the decision next to a red card &lt;em&gt;(only within the 30-seconds rule)&lt;/em&gt; always a penalty if the attacking team didn't score in that situation? I believe it doesn't matter whether or not they passed or shot. No goal = penalty. But some press articles say otherwise.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:26:59.160" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:26:59.160" Title="Slovenia - Germany last goal of the 25-25 tie in EHF Euro 2018" Tags="|rules|video-review|handball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17612" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-01-17T08:53:55.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Handball is the sport more commonly known as European Handball in North America.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:19:43.817" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:19:43.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17613" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-01-17T08:53:55.307" Score="0" Body="Questions about Handball, a sport where two teams of 6+1 players play the ball with their hands and try to throw it into the goal of the opponents. This tag is not to be confused with a handball (foul) in football." OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T14:48:52.580" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T14:48:52.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17615" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17618" CreationDate="2018-01-17T15:15:32.280" Score="3" ViewCount="908" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a scenario where team A is ahead of team B with a score of 101-100 with ball possession and 15 seconds remaining in the game. Now team B can commit fouls intentionally to come back into the game. In this case the team being fouled (team A) is at a disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14682" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T16:07:09.497" Title="Why isn't there an advantage rule for fouls in basketball (similar to soccer)?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17621" CreationDate="2018-01-17T15:40:04.820" Score="3" ViewCount="1357" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background (aka motivation):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In chess, there are only two players. In (singles) badminton too, there are only two players. Both face off against each other.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In chess, each player has a particular play-style, that can be studied by reviewing their previous matches. You can do a similar thing in badminton too.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Moreover, both these sports involve an opening/service from one side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In chess, there are a multitude of ways you can open the game. Each opening is suited to a particular play style of a player and affects the further development of the game. But, unlike a game of badminton, one game of chess has only one opening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question:&lt;/strong&gt; How important is the opening service in a game of badminton? What techniques do player's use to gain an advantage over the opponent when they win a serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-21T02:51:16.190" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T02:51:16.190" Title="How important is the opening service in a game of badminton?" Tags="|technique|badminton|serve|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17615" CreationDate="2018-01-17T16:07:09.497" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first thing to note here is that this is almost exclusively an NBA only issue; FIBA rules have always penalised away from the ball fouls as unsportsmanlike fouls giving two free throws and possession; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 37, Unsportsmanlike foul&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;37.1.1 An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact foul which, in the judgement of an official is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Free throw(s) shall be awarded to the player who was fouled, followed by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer’s table.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA has moved more in this direction in the past few years; as of the 2016-17 season, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/2016/news/07/12/nba-rule-changes-fouls-away-from-play/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;away from the ball fouls in the last two minutes of any period or overtime give one free throw plus possession&lt;/a&gt; - this effectively acts as an &amp;quot;advantage&amp;quot; rule as it gives both points and (almost certainly) the ball to the fouled team, removing any disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T16:07:09.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17611" CreationDate="2018-01-17T16:21:50.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since, infractions and unsportsmanlike conduct that take place &lt;em&gt;before or simultaneously&lt;/em&gt; with the final signal &lt;strong&gt;are to be punished&lt;/strong&gt; (2.4), and for situations when referees have strong doubts in relation with the last 30 seconds rule involving the red card and seven-metres throws video proof system can be used (see below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, in the last 30 seconds of a game while the ball is in play, the opponents tries to prevent the team in possession from being able to take a shot on goal or to obtain a clear scoring chance, the guilty player is disqualified according to the corresponding Rules and the team in possession is granted a 7m throw (16:6, 14:1). So, for the last 30 seconds decision next to a red card is always a 7m throw if the player who was fouled, or a teammate, didn't score a goal before the game is interrupted. However, if the player who was fouled, or a teammate, scores a goal before the game is interrupted, the 7m throw is not be granted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1TCYa.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1TCYa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;block&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, from the article that you linked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the final whistle sounded, the video technology was called and after analysis, the decision was made that Slovenia’s Blaz Blagotinsek stopped Germany’s final attempt in the middle circle. The line player was sent off with a red card, Germany received a penalty – and Tobias Reichmann netted to equalise the final result, 25:25 (15:10).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://timeoutmag.com/2018/01/15/referees-deciding-the-final-result-germany-got-a-point-after-video-check/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;timeoutmag.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From International Handball Federation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ihf.info/files/Uploads/NewsAttachments/0_New-Rules%20of%20the%20Game_GB.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules of the Game a) Indoor Handball&lt;/a&gt; rules applicable for this case: (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Signal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2:3 The playing time begins with the referee’s whistle for the initial throw-off. It ends with the automatic final signal from the public clock or from the timekeeper. If no such signal comes, the referee, the timekeeper or the delegate whistles to indicate that the playing time is over (17:9).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Comment:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If a public clock with an automatic final signal is not available, the timekeeper shall use a table clock or a stopwatch and end the game with a final signal (18:2, 2nd paragraph).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2:4 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Infractions and unsportsmanlike conduct that take place before or simultaneously with the final signal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (for half-time or end of game, and also for the end of the halves in overtime) &lt;em&gt;are to be punished, also if the resulting free throw (under Rule 13:1) or 7-metre throw cannot be taken until after the signal&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Similarly, the throw must be retaken, if the final signal (for half-time or end of game, also in overtime) sounds precisely when a free throw or a 7-metre throw is being executed or when the ball is already in the air.&#xA;  In both cases, the referees end the game only after the free throw or 7-metre throw has been taken (or retaken) and its immediate result has been established.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disqualification due to extremely unsportsmanlike conduct also to be reported in writing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8:10 If the referees classify a conduct as extremely unsportsmanlike, a punishment is granted according to the following regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) if during the last 30 seconds of a game the ball is in play, and the opponents&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) through an infringement by a player of the Rules 8:5 or 8:6 as well as 8:10a or 8:10b (II)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) through an infringement by an official of the Rules 8:10a or 8:10b (I)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;prevent the team in possession from being able to take a shot on goal or to obtain a clear scoring chance, the guilty player or official is disqualified according to the corresponding Rules and the team in possession is granted a 7m throw&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the player who was fouled, or a teammate, scores a goal before the game is interrupted, the 7m throw shall not be granted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7-Metre Decision&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;14:1 A 7-metre throw is awarded when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) &lt;em&gt;there is an infraction&lt;/em&gt; according to Rules 8:10c or &lt;strong&gt;8:10d&lt;/strong&gt; (however, see 8:10 last paragraph).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disqualification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16:6 &lt;em&gt;A disqualification is the appropriate punishment&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) for seriously unsportsmanlike conduct under 8:9 and &lt;strong&gt;extremely unsportsmanlike conduct under 8:10&lt;/strong&gt;, by a player or team official, on or outside the court;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16:7 After calling a time-out, the referees shall clearly indicate the disqualification to the guilty player or team official, and to the timekeeper/scorekeeper, by holding up a red card (hand signal no. 13, see also Rule 16:8).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Guidelines and Interpretations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Last 30 seconds (Rules 8:10c, 8:10d)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The last 30 seconds of the game occur during regular playing time (end of 2nd half) as well as at the end of the second half during both overtime periods. The start of the last 30 seconds of the game begins when the clock indicates 59 minutes 30 seconds (or 69:30, 79:30) or 0 minutes 30 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1045559/as-france-prepare-to-defend-mens-world-handball-title-on-home-soil-the-question-is-has-new-ihf-rule-tipped-the-balance-against-them&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;insidethegames.biz&lt;/a&gt; article: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The IHF official added that the extent of the video proof system had been enlarged since 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;We'll use the video proof in some new cases,&quot; he said. &quot;When referees are not sure if a player deserves a red or a blue card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Situations when referees have strong doubts in relation with the last 30 seconds rule involving the red card and seven-metres throws.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Situations in the last 30 seconds of the match when the defending team has no goalkeeper; if the referees are not sure if the decision must be a seven-metres throw or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The last two cases only when the situation is crucial for the final score of the match.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T18:11:36.713" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T18:11:36.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17622" CreationDate="2018-01-17T16:40:03.233" Score="4" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintonindia.org/players/rankings/senior/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official list&lt;/a&gt; of senior badminton players in India ranks, under Women's Singles, Saina Nehwal as rank 20 and PV Sindhu as 30. As such, there are already 20 players above Saina Nehwal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is almost one of them only who tops the merit list. Even in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/pv-sindhu-vs-saina-nehwal-live-score-updates-senior-national-badminton-championship-nagpur-live-streaming-online-4927851/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recent&lt;/a&gt; National Badminton Championship, Saina was the winner while Sindhu was runner up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question:&lt;/strong&gt; Why are the names of the other top players so unheard? Why don't they take part (and probably win) such national titles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T00:08:59.357" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T00:08:59.357" Title="Why do these highly ranked senior players never enter a national medal tally?" Tags="|ranking|badminton|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17617" CreationDate="2018-01-17T18:35:40.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;badminton&lt;/strong&gt;, the number of different serves is relatively small:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A short serve to the T (middle of the court) flies shortest and opens up the least options for the opponent. In practice, among high-level players this serve usually results in a balanced situation, just like a stock-standard chess opening.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A short serve to the middle of the half court can force the receiver to change grip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A flick serve goes over the opponent and forces them to move backwards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A short serve to the outside can catch the receiver out of position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A quick drive serve can surprise the receiver and lead to an immediate point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last two/three serve variations aim to win the point outright. Just like gambits or early attacks in chess, these can be effective at lower levels, but are rare among high-level players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast to chess openings, where each opening has a lot of variations one can specialize on, in badminton the difference in skill shows in the execution of each variant. Another important difference is that a badminton serve depends not only on the receiver's skill, but also (a lot) on the receiver's position, grip, and racket handling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the aim in badminton is to hit the shuttle from above (especially in doubles and mixed; in singles it's not as advantageous), and conversely, to force your opponent to play an upwards shot. The serve is no exception. This is the reason why in high-level doubles almost all serves are short and descending from the moment they pass the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A loose serve is almost certainly leading to an immediate loss of the rally. Fortunately, while there is of course always room for improvement, the short backhand serve is by far the easiest shot in the game, since it only requires minimal and simple arm/hand movement and no footwork or body coordination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The serve is understood as a neutral shot; when players have to choose whether to serve or receive at the beginning of a match, both options are popular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any good player has a decent serve, but (especially in singles) an excellent serve is only a slight advantage, and unlikely to end the rally immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T18:35:40.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17620" CreationDate="2018-01-17T19:13:00.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a national ranking to be meaningful, it is desirable to include as many tournaments as possible, so that a form peak - or injury - at the yearly national championship tournament has only limited impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, these rankings take into account the average or the best tournament results of the player. For instance, per §6 of the Indian Ranking System &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintonindia.org/download/regulations/FINAL%20REVISED%20COMPETITION%20REGULATION.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;regulations&lt;/a&gt;, the ranking is determined by the sum of points gathered by the 6 best tournament finishes in the previous 52 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player plays less than 6 tournaments, all of their points count (§6.1). In theory, the regulation could be changed to scale the average points, but that would mean that a player who wins the only tournament they competed in would immediately rank #1, which is not desired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top-level badminton players like Saina Nehwal or P.V. Sindhu only play in the national championship tournament. The other national-level tournaments are not a challenge for them, conflict with international tournaments, or do not fit into their long-term training and rest plans; while competing in local tournaments would yield them small amounts of fame and money, it would severely reduce their chances at tournaments that really count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Indian regulations do take this into account:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.1 Additional points shall be added to the points earned by a player as per Indian Ranking System under the following circumstances: The ranking points equivalent to one tenth of the points to the credit of a player as per latest BWF ranking list in the same event. (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of writing, Saina Nehwal has 54720 points in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/category.aspx?id=16461&amp;amp;category=473&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF ranking&lt;/a&gt;, which would comfortably give her the first in the Indian ranking on its own with 5472 Indian ranking points, easily before Anura Prabhudesai with 3247 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems these BWF points are not included on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintonindia.org/players/rankings/senior/#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton India ranking website&lt;/a&gt;. Most likely, the additional points are only counted for entering and seeding in the national championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T21:38:20.343" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T21:38:20.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17630" CreationDate="2018-01-17T21:09:18.210" Score="5" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2nd India vs South Africa Test, 2018, there were 5 runouts, is this the record or close to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14374" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T16:01:09.980" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T19:27:40.253" Title="What is the record for the most number of runouts in a Test match?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17631" CreationDate="2018-01-18T03:39:46.353" Score="2" ViewCount="8599" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player crosses fifty runs, it is called a &lt;em&gt;half century&lt;/em&gt;, and is recorded in the batsman's records. When a player crosses one hundred runs, it is a &lt;em&gt;century&lt;/em&gt;, and is also recorded in the batsman's records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, to cross one hundred runs the player must have crossed fifty runs first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens to the previous half century recorded, when the player completes a century as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they both recorded? Is the half century discarded and only the century recorded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, what is the recording procedure when a player who scored a century goes on to score a double century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T07:56:18.190" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T17:15:56.053" Title="What happens to a half century recorded when a player scores a century?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17598" CreationDate="2018-01-18T04:51:23.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Peter King &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nfl/2018/01/17/mike-tomlin-pittsburgh-steelers-todd-haley-offseason-changes-mmqb-peter-king&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;got an answer&lt;/a&gt; specifically to the part about Stefon Diggs's helmet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DIGGS HELMET THROW&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Why wasn't a penalty called on Stefon Diggs when he threw his helmet immediately after scoring the touchdown at the end of the&#xA;  Vikings-Saints game? As you may recall, this happened against my&#xA;  Cleveland Browns when Dwayne Rudd threw his helmet back in 2002 during&#xA;  a game with the Kansas City Chiefs.  Why would this be treated&#xA;  differently?  It cost us the game.​ —Michael G.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I asked a league official in the officiating department this question,&#xA;  and the answer came back that a foul like this would be enforced on&#xA;  the ensuing kickoff. Seeing that there was no ensuing kickoff because&#xA;  this happened on the last play of the game, there was no infraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one might wonder if this was really the decision process followed by the officiating crew at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ALSO: see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2014/10/20/7010013/mmbm-week-7-peyton-manning&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this PFT Commenter humor piece&lt;/a&gt; suggesting Peyton Manning should have been suspended for excessive celebration after play stopped for several minutes to celebrate Manning breaking Brett Favre's record for career touchdown passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1898" LastEditorUserId="1898" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T05:06:32.987" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T05:06:32.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2018-01-18T04:52:40.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bill Walton. League MVP (‘78) and 6th man of the year (‘86).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically didn’t get the MVP “after” the 6th man award, but probably worth a mention anyway. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14685" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T04:52:40.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17629" CreationDate="2018-01-18T11:56:38.417" Score="2" ViewCount="6887" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Laws of the Game it is for the referee to decide whether or not a match can take place when the weather is too severe. But what defines the term &quot;too severe&quot;? Are there any guidelines about wind speed, snow, rain fall, etc. the referees have to follow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right now we have wind speeds of &gt;120 km/h, which would in my opinion way over the limit, but what actually defines that limit? In our referee group we had a test for that, but that was just a small guidance for our local league (like can you see both goals from the middle line or can you run on the pitch or is it too deep, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T14:53:56.717" Title="When can the ref cancel or abandon a match due to severe weather?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17628" CreationDate="2018-01-18T15:49:34.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the FA Laws of the Game, there are no official guidelines regarding what you've asked regarding wind speed, visibility. I too have received local league guidance on what they believe are grounds of abandonment, but nothing official in the laws of the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LotG only states that the referee is not liable for any loss suffered by players, club, ground etc. - this is including making decisions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;that the condition of the field of play or its surrounds or that the weather conditions are such as to allow or not to allow a match to take place.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-5---the-referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-5---the-referee&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: another link may be useful to you - this also provides the same level of vagueness as for the LotG: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.westmorlandfa.com/~/media/CountySites/wmlfa/documents/refereeing/advice-on-the-application-of-the-laws-of-the-game.ashx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.westmorlandfa.com/~/media/CountySites/wmlfa/documents/refereeing/advice-on-the-application-of-the-laws-of-the-game.ashx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12499" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T15:49:34.983" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17623" CreationDate="2018-01-18T15:50:15.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Record for the most number of run outs in a test match is &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17242/scorecard/63095/australia-vs-pakistan-2nd-test-pakistan-tour-of-australia-1972-73/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd Test, Pakistan tour of Australia at Melbourne, Dec 29 1972 - Jan 3 1973&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/282828.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stats.espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Most batsmen run out in a match&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/X5yFe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/X5yFe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;record&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T16:02:25.613" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T16:02:25.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17625" CreationDate="2018-01-18T17:00:59.880" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricket statistics&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Centuries (100): The number of innings in which the batsman scored one hundred runs or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Half-centuries (50): The number of innings in which the batsman scored fifty to ninety-nine runs (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;centuries do not count as half-centuries as well&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, from Wikipedia article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Century&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scores of more than 200 runs are &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;still statistically counted as a century&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, although these scores are referred as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when a player completes a century, half-century is discarded and only the century recorded. And if a player scores a double century it is still recorded as a century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For example&lt;/strong&gt;: In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_International&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;One Day International&lt;/a&gt; form of cricket &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sachin Tendulkar&lt;/a&gt; has &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/35320.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;49 centuries,  96 half-centuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statsguru&lt;/a&gt; Sachin has scored between 0 to 99, &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35320.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=default;runsmax1=99;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;96 times&lt;/a&gt; and scored 100+ &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35320.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=default;runsmin2=100;runsval2=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;49 times&lt;/a&gt;, which makes it clear that &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;centuries is not counted as half-centuries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; otherwise Sachin would have 145 half-centuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, Sachin has scored between 100 to 199, &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35320.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=default;runsmax2=199;runsmin2=100;runsval2=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;48 times&lt;/a&gt; and scored 200+ &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35320.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=default;runsmin2=200;runsval2=runs;template=results;type=batting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1 times&lt;/a&gt;, which makes it clear that &lt;em&gt;double centuries is also recorded as century&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T17:15:56.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17632" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-18T20:31:40.060" Score="1" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of horses permitted to run a race in the United Kingdom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it different in the USA, or Australia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6389" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T00:08:03.450" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T00:08:03.450" Title="How many horses are allowed to run a single race?" Tags="|rules|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3956" CreationDate="2018-01-18T20:39:06.837" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lib Tech Bio wax says it is made from Soy Beans.  Bluebird also makes wax from soy, hemp or coconut oil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14688" LastEditorUserId="14688" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T14:51:37.323" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T14:51:37.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17578" CreationDate="2018-01-18T21:32:29.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have only been 7 times in NFL history that a home team in the divisional round was an underdog (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pfref.com/tiny/LoEYX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt;). Here is a list of the games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1979-80 &lt;strong&gt;#2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers&lt;/strong&gt;, 4.5-point underdogs to Philadelphia Eagles. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1981-82 &lt;strong&gt;#2 Miami Dolphins&lt;/strong&gt;, 2.5-point underdogs to San Diego Chargers. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982-83 &lt;strong&gt;#2 Miami Dolphins&lt;/strong&gt;, 1.5-point underdogs to San Diego Chargers. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1996-97 &lt;strong&gt;#2 Carolina Panthers&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.5-point underdogs to Dallas Cowboys. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2011-12 &lt;strong&gt;#2 San Francisco 49ers&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.5-point underdogs to New Orleans Saints. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2013-14 &lt;strong&gt;#2 Carolina Panthers&lt;/strong&gt;, 1.0-point underdogs to San Francisco 49ers. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2017-18 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/strong&gt;, 2.5-point underdogs to Atlanta Falcons. Won Game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that they were all the #2 seed, beside the Eagles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of the #1 seeds who were underdogs in a hosted game. They all occurred in Conference Championship Games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1978-79 &lt;strong&gt;#1 LA Rams&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.5-point underdogs to Dallas Cowboys, NFC Championship. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1981-82 &lt;strong&gt;#1 San Francisco 49ers&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.0-point underdogs to Dallas Cowboys, NFC Championship. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982-83 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Washington Redskins&lt;/strong&gt;, 2.0-point underdogs to Dallas Cowboys, NFC Championship. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1988-89 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Chicago Bears&lt;/strong&gt;, 2.0-point underdogs to San Francisco 49ers, NFC Championship. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1997-98 &lt;strong&gt;#1 San Francisco 49ers&lt;/strong&gt;, 1.5-point underdogs to Green Bay Packers, NFC Championship. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2000-01 &lt;strong&gt;#1 NY Giants&lt;/strong&gt;, 1.0-point underdogs to Minnesota Vikings, NFC Championship. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2004-05 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.0-point underdogs to New England Patriots, AFC Championship. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2012-13 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Atlanta Falcons&lt;/strong&gt;, 4.5-point underdogs to San Francisco 49ers, NFC Championship. Lost Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2015-16 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Denver Broncos&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.0-point underdogs to New England Patriots, AFC Championship. Won Game&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2017-18 &lt;strong&gt;#1 Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/strong&gt;, 3.0-point underdogs to Minnesota Vikings, NFC Championship. Won Game (By a lot!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pfref.com/tiny/Gbh3N&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt;. Just went through and checked which ones were the #1 seed in their conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T20:47:29.343" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T20:47:29.343" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17638" CreationDate="2018-01-19T04:19:08.777" Score="11" ViewCount="33235" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the score below, what do the 7 and 4 superscripts mean in the first set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BeCfV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BeCfV.png&quot; alt=&quot;a screenshot of a finished tennis match score between Carreno and Muller&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-01-20T06:38:27.947" LastActivityDate="2022-06-09T12:05:02.430" Title="What does the superscript used in tennis scores mean?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17636" CreationDate="2018-01-19T06:59:03.413" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a set reaches 6-6, a tiebreaker is used to determine the winner of the thirteenth game and hence the set. The first player serves once, then the players alternate serving twice consecutively, scoring one point per point won, until one player has both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;seven points or more, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a lead on the opponent of two points or more&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The superscript numbers record the final score in the tiebreaker. The first set went to 6-6, where a tiebreaker was played to a score of 7-4 in Carreno Busta's favour, winning him the set 7-6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare with other matches in the competition on the same day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dolgopolov wins first set versus Schwartzman, tiebreaker 7-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seppi wins second set versus Karlovic, tiebreaker 7-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karlovic wins third set versus Seppi, tiebreaker 7-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Edmund wins first set versus Basilashvili, tiebreaker 7-0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kyrgios wins first set and third set and fourth set versus Tsonga, tiebreakers 7-5 and 8-6 and 7-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cilic wins first and third sets versus  Harrison, tiebreakers 7-4 and 7-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-20T05:18:46.567" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T05:18:46.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17636" CreationDate="2018-01-19T07:04:15.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per ITF rules (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/media/277603/277603.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link for 2018 rules&lt;/a&gt;), if a set is tied at 6-6, a 7 point tie-break is played:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When  the  score  in  a  match  is  one  set  all,  or  two  sets  all&#xA;  in  best  of  five  sets  matches, one tie-break game shall be played&#xA;  to decide the match. This tie-break game replaces the deciding final&#xA;  set. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The  player/team  who  first  wins  seven  points  shall  win  this &#xA;  match  tie-break  and the match provided there is a margin of two&#xA;  points over the opponent(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you see in the superscript is the scoring for the 7 point tie-break game - Carreno won the tie-break 7-4 vs Muller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T07:04:15.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17337" CreationDate="2018-01-19T15:58:49.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's legal. The ball you hit doesn't have to be the same ball that goes in the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T15:58:49.243" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17455" CreationDate="2018-01-19T16:01:18.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It comes from when two armies are in battle, the army that reaches the high ground (ie 'the hill') is likely about to win the battle. (see also 'The Grand Old Duke Of York' nursery rhyme)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T16:01:18.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17642" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-20T07:11:23.523" Score="3" ViewCount="1143" Body="&lt;p&gt;A local referee David Thornhill (Norwich City fan and qualified referee, who &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/marcwebber/status/934472470689611776/photo/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;also featured in Saturday’s match day programme&lt;/a&gt;) stepped in as fourth official when assistant referee Mark Jones was forced off through injury during the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/norwich-vs-preston/374841&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1-1 draw between Norwich and Preston&lt;/a&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efl.com/clubs-and-competitions/sky-bet-championship/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sky Bet Championship&lt;/a&gt; on Saturday. This meant that the fourth official, Andy Davies, had to take his place, leaving the fourth official position uncovered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ijUKu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ijUKu.png&quot; alt=&quot;acting 4th official&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.balls.ie/football/farcical-scenes-norwich-fan-4th-official-378376&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Farcical Scenes At Norwich As Paying Fan Asked To Step In As 4th Official&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/11/25/norwich-city-fan-pulled-crowd-stand-fourth-official-carrow-road/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Norwich City fan pulled from crowd to stand in as fourth official in Carrow Road farce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11688/11144375/fan-becomes-fourth-official-after-assistant-referee-suffers-injury&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fan becomes fourth official after assistant referee suffers injury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/viral-sports-news/2017/11/25/a-fan-stepped-in-to-help-referee-norwich-city-vs-preston-north-end-after-the-linesman-got-injured/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A fan stepped in to help referee Norwich City vs Preston North End after the linesman got injured&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, I have been able to found another such incident where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.caughtoffside.com/2014/10/11/casually-dressed-elderly-fan-replaces-linesman-after-female-referee-gets-injured-in-fc-united-of-manchester-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an elderly football fan replaces linesman, after Female referee gets injured In FC United Of Manchester Evo-Stik Northern Premier League game at Nantwich Town &lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;My question is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any more incidents where someone watching the game (qualified) has to replace fourth official or referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Anyone can not replace referees or 4th official, that replacing person has to be qualified to do so. And this type of incidence is most likely to happen in lower leagues. &#xA;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T08:42:10.550" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T10:02:57.443" Title="When has a fan stepped in as the 4th official after a linesman got injured?" Tags="|football|trivia|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17642" CreationDate="2018-01-20T08:14:14.687" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know of a match I attended myself, which preceded the 4th official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://datencenter.dfb.de/matches/178316&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;F.C. Hansa Rostock vs. 1. FC Kaiserslautern 3-0 (2.12.1995)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referee Georg Dardenne had an injury in the 52nd minute of the game and was replaced by his assistant Josef Funken. The vacant position then was filled by Helmut Hübner from the audience, who had the referee license for the 3rd division making him eligible to assist in the Bundesliga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Bundesliga it is also not that rare to find someone qualified, since there is a special ticket contingent reserved for people with referee license for free. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/fileadmin/_dfbdam/16443-07_Durchfuehrungsbestimmungen_14.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 25.5&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-20T08:21:58.040" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T08:21:58.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2317" CreationDate="2018-01-20T09:54:45.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler takes last two wickets in one match and in the next match he takes a wicket in the first ball of his very first over, it will not be considered as a Hat-trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cricket.com.au&lt;/a&gt; article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricket.com.au/news/joel-paris-three-wickets-in-three-balls-hat-trick-western-australia-south-australia-sheffield-shield/2016-03-06&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Three in three balls - but no hat-trick&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Western Australia quick Joel Paris has pulled off a hat-trick &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;that wasn't&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, taking three wickets in three consecutive balls across two matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The left-armer, continued his bright recent form by taking a wicket with his first ball in WA's Sheffield Shield match against South Australia at the WACA Ground on Sunday, which was also the first delivery of the Redbacks innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seven days earlier, Paris had steered the Warriors to a thrilling win over Queensland with 4-78 on the final day of their Shield clash in Perth, including two wickets from the final two balls of the match to secure the 24-run win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wicket of Weatherald on Sunday made it three wickets in three balls for Paris, spread over a week, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;but it isn't recorded as a hat-trick as the feat was achieved over two matches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/WACA_Cricket/status/706326982590476288&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Western Australia's tweet&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we realise Paris' 1st ball wicket doesn't constitute a hat-trick as &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;you can't have a HT across 2 games!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Just a bit of fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T09:54:45.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2018-01-20T11:04:01.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Frindall, aka the Bearded Wonder&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/tms/6555305.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this BBC article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the start of each innings of a match the fielding captain decides from which end play will begin. He usually makes this choice in collaboration with his opening bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When they have decided their individual preference of ends, the captain then decides which bowler he wants to open with and that will determine his choice of end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, preference of opening bowlers will help the fielding captain determine from which end play will begin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T11:04:01.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17646" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-20T20:33:26.293" Score="3" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1084676-rule-625-interference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Interference&lt;/a&gt; is generally any kind of action that prevents an opponent from being able to play hockey &quot;properly&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, sometimes a defenceman seems to interfere with an opponent near the goal crease, but is not penalised. How is the decision of whether this action is interference, and whether to penalize it, made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14700" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-21T00:41:46.277" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T22:29:05.677" Title="Why might a defenceman not be penalised for interference, if they knock down or push opponents who are in or near the crease?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17673" CreationDate="2018-01-21T18:35:07.693" Score="1" ViewCount="729" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the last male and female singles' tennis players to win a grand slam on home soil?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, which male and female Australian, French, British and American athletes most recently won the Australian Open, the French Open, the Wimbledon, and the US open respectively? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-26T17:56:17.233" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T08:37:39.633" Title="Last tennis players to win Grand Slam on home soil" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-23T00:29:50.013" Score="5" ViewCount="632" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read somewhere that in doubles it's easier to hold one's serve, and as a consequence in average there are not as many consecutive breaks as in singles; but no explanation or reference was given. Is it true at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14709" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T08:48:37.047" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T03:04:53.187" Title="Is it easier to hold serve in tennis doubles than in singles?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17642" CreationDate="2018-01-23T08:07:42.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It also happened a few months ago for the Belgian cup, not in the earliest stages, but in a game between top level clubs. &#xA;KV Mechelen - RC Genk. After two injuries there was no linesman left, so the stadium announcer asked if there was a referee present at the game. And also added it was not a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A KV Mechelen fan stepped up to do so.&#xA;Fun fact: the man said afterwards it was fortunate it did not happen in a weekend game, because he would have had some beers then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/extra/opvallend/1.3105955&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dutch article&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://globalsports.news/2017/11/30/luckily-sober-fan-helps-after-double-failure-of-referee/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T08:07:42.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17662" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:04:58.593" Score="3" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose the information recorded by Hawkeye was combined with information about the number of runs scored (including boundaries, but excluding overthrows) and wickets taken in each delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An enterprising new bowler might want to know the types of delivery that reduce the runs and increase the likelihood of wickets, or an experienced first-class bowler may want to know what types are affecting their productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could a large enough amount of Hawkeye data be used to calculate expected runs and expected wickets for each delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:06:17.927" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:06:17.927" Title="Could Hawkeye tell us the probability of runs and wickets from a given ball?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17667" CreationDate="2018-01-24T02:19:02.420" Score="5" ViewCount="980" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen enough badminton matches to know that if, during play, the shuttle falls in my court (probably because I was unable to reach to one side of my court in time), it's my &quot;fault&quot; and the opponent team gets a point and the service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, then I was reading &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/#13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 13 - Faults&lt;/a&gt; in World Badminton. Interestingly enough, they don't cover this case in their list. Here's the complete list for reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If in play, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;lands outside the boundaries of the court (i.e. not on or within the boundary lines);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;fails to pass over the net;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;touches the ceiling or side walls;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;touches the person or dress of a player;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;touches any other object or person outside the court; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a &quot;fault&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;touches a player's racket and does not travel towards the opponent's court;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any reference or metaphors for anything analogous to &quot;touches the floor inside the boundary lines&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely, I must be mistaken in interpreting this document. If so, then what is my mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-21T02:51:32.507" LastActivityDate="2021-01-16T22:43:38.120" Title="Is a shuttle touching the floor of the court not a fault?" Tags="|rules|scoring|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-24T02:54:29.983" Score="4" ViewCount="26216" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a person sinks the last coloured ball plus the white ball, while the black ball is remaining, is that game over or does the opposition player gets one shot on the black from the baulk line? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14716" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T22:11:46.207" LastActivityDate="2020-09-02T19:59:51.817" Title="In pool, what happens if the last coloured ball and the white are sunk in the same shot?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-24T03:20:06.817" Score="5" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a delayed offside is in effect, and a member of the defending team who gains control of the puck attempts to clear it. The puck inadvertently strikes an attacker when the attacker is still caught in the zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it called offside since the puck touched the attacker while he was in an offside position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14718" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T03:38:29.890" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T01:52:48.360" Title="Is offside called when a defender plays the puck into an attacker from a delayed offside?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17664" CreationDate="2018-01-24T03:53:01.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/#7&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.3&lt;/a&gt; is what you're after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score. A side shall win a rally, if the opposing side commits a &amp;quot;fault&amp;quot; or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the opponent's court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the reason for the separation here is that a fault is something that you &lt;em&gt;actively&lt;/em&gt; have to do wrong - hit the shuttle out, touch the net, etc, whereas the shuttle touching the court is a passive action on the part of the team losing the point. For what it's worth, the same distinction applies in volleyball (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 6.1.1&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.1.1. A team scores a point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.1.1.1 by successfully landing the ball on the opponent’s court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.1.1.2 when the opponent team commits a fault;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T12:21:06.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17670" CreationDate="2018-01-24T06:03:35.800" Score="4" ViewCount="12656" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a football match, the segregation between the home and away fans can be easily noticed. Majority of the seats are occupied by the home fans , while the visiting team's supporters are often seated in a separate zone with arguably not the best of seating arrangements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the clubs allocate a certain amount of tickets to be sold to 'away' supporters. However, how exactly do they know if a person is an away fan? What restrictions , if at all, are there on an  away fan to prevent them from buying tickets reserved for home fans?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13900" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T12:57:47.983" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T12:57:47.983" Title="How do clubs/stadiums segregate home fans from away fans" Tags="|football|venues|fans|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17668" CreationDate="2018-01-24T07:29:57.580" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football fans typically wear their team's colours. Try walking in to a &quot;home&quot; section at Anfield wearing Everton's shirt (or anything predominantly royal blue) and you'll simply be refused entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T07:29:57.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17668" CreationDate="2018-01-24T07:57:32.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The clubs don't allocate that amount to away fans, but to the area they're supposed to be seated in. If away fans buy tickets for the home or &quot;neutral&quot; zone the tickets will not count towards that limit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often do that with my family and get tickets for a more &quot;peaceful&quot; area, because sometimes it's too dangerous for families to be locked up in a small area like most away fans. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the security doesn't even care if you're wearing your team colors. Only when there is a risk (derby, fans hating each others, etc) they will deny entry to those wearing away colors. But if you don't wear any colors you can go wherever you want. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand we even have matches where you can only buy tickets if you're living in the area of the home club and you need to prove it with your passport. Away fans then can only buy tickets via their own club. Those tickets usually have your name on them, so people don't sell them on eBay. This makes sure (almost) no away fan (even neutrally clothed) can get into the home areas. This is probably what you asked about in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T07:57:32.237" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2018-01-24T21:36:18.103" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I can't find the statistics on this event, I would say that the rarest play in baseball is an unassisted triple play where no one on the field touches the ball after it has been struck by the batter.   To my knowledge, this happened in a Triple A game in the early 2000's.    This is the scenario as I remember it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are runners on 1st and 2nd, no outs.    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The runner on first takes off early (thinking their coach called for a double steal) just before the batter hits a high pop fly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field umpire calls batter out due to infield fly rule (out #1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner on the second stops and turns back to second base, but hasn't touched the base yet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner on first didn't hear umpire and was running like crazy thinking the ball was hit to the outfield and wanted to score from first. The first base runner passes his team mate that started on second base while team mate is off the bag  (out #2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The high pop fly falls back to earth, hitting the second base runner while off the bag  (out #3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No fielder touches the ball...3 outs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14724" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T00:57:32.817" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T00:57:32.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17650" CreationDate="2018-01-25T05:50:21.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of end 2022 US Open this is the list of last tennis players who won grand slam championships on home soil:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Men's&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Open_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;: Mark Edmondson - 1976&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_Open_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Open&lt;/a&gt;: Yannick Noah - 1983&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wimbledon_gentlemen%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;: Andy Murray - 2016&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_US_Open_men%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Open&lt;/a&gt;: Andy Roddick - 2003&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Women's&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Open_women%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;: Ashleigh Barty - 2022&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_Open_women%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Open&lt;/a&gt;: Mary Pierce - 2000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wimbledon_ladies%27_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;: Virginia Wade - 1977&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_US_Open_women%27s_singles_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Open&lt;/a&gt;: Sloane Stephens - 2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-09-12T08:37:39.633" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T08:37:39.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17678" CreationDate="2018-01-25T06:59:52.333" Score="1" ViewCount="684" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which are the players who won most Man of the Series awards in international cricket including Test, ODI &amp;amp; T20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13017" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T11:11:52.930" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T11:11:52.930" Title="What is the record for combined (Test, ODI &amp; T20) most player of the series award?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|records|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-25T10:06:03.170" Score="6" ViewCount="18670" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many tournaments does a professional tennis player have to play in a year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking to understand the workload of a top ten player in view of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/tennis/australian-open-nadal-forced-out-with-injury/news-story/ebaef9dd2dbbe6e19cad01f103054351&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;complaint by Rafael Nadal&lt;/a&gt; during the 2018 Australian Open that player workload and scheduling is resulting in injuries to many players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14722" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-01-31T04:33:41.350" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T23:25:50.173" Title="How many tournaments is a professional tennis player required to play in a year?" Tags="|rules|tennis|schedule|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17642" CreationDate="2018-01-25T10:58:53.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1972 (when the officials required for an association football match were a referee plus 2 linesmen) during an Arsenal vs Liverpool 1st Division game, linesman Dennis Drewitt pulled a muscle and was unable to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Television pundit, former player and qualified official &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hill&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jimmy Hill&lt;/a&gt; was watching the game and responded to a tannoy request for help. He changed into a tracksuit and ran the line for the remaining portion of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/tv-pundit-jimmy-hill-runs-the-line&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source - Arsenal website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="973" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T10:58:53.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17674" CreationDate="2018-01-25T11:04:34.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sachin Tendulkar&lt;/a&gt; holds the record for combined (Test, ODI &amp;amp; T20) most player of the series awards in international cricket with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;20&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/nclod/content/records/283467.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stats.espncricinfo&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Most player-of-the-series awards&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kPOPz.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kPOPz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;record&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer at the end reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Series awards have not always been a regular feature in internationals and the list may not be complete for matches prior to the 1980s&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sachin also holds the record for combined &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/icc-odi/content/records/283470.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;most player of the match awards&lt;/a&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;76&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T11:04:34.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10799" CreationDate="2018-01-25T11:24:22.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wales have named 11-year-old Anna Hursey in their squad for the table tennis event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. She has already (at age 10) represented Wales at the European Championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/wales/42788772&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source - BBC Sport&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="973" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T11:24:22.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10799" CreationDate="2018-01-25T11:37:27.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, Football is one of these. The only restriction is a maximum age of 23 for the men's competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Men’s Tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;All players participating in the preliminary and final competitions of the  Tournament shall be &lt;strong&gt;born on or after 1 January 1993&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  However, a maximum  of three male players who do not meet this age&#xA;  limit may also be included in  the official list of players for the&#xA;  final competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Women’s Tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;There are &lt;strong&gt;no age restrictions&lt;/strong&gt; for the players participating in the Women’s  Tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;» &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/54/40/46/oftsregulationsrio2016-e_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Rules for Rio 2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T11:37:27.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10799" CreationDate="2018-01-25T15:36:32.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bowlsengland.com/about-us/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bowls&lt;/a&gt; has no minimum or maximum age restriction on most competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, most national and international competitions require entrants to be affiliated to a recognised club and most clubs have a minimum age limit of 9 or 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some competitions with a minimum age, but these are the exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T15:36:32.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15823" CreationDate="2018-01-25T20:45:09.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, certain penalties become penalty shots if there is insufficient time remaining, but the vast majority do not. The only penalties that I know of which result in this rule are Delay of Game via intentional displacement of the goal posts and Deliberate Too Many Men, as seen in rule 74.4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;74.4  Deliberate Illegal Substitution&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If by reason of insufficient playing&#xA;time remaining, or by reason of penalties already imposed, a bench&#xA;minor penalty is imposed for deliberate illegal substitution (too many&#xA;men on the ice) which cannot be served in its entirety within the legal&#xA;playing time, or at any time in overtime, a penalty shot shall be&#xA;awarded against the offending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule means that if there is 1:59 or less remaining on the clock, it defaults to a Penalty Shot, but if it's 2:00 or greater, it's just a minor penalty. The reason the rule book does not specify 2:00 remaining is similar but subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, any given team cannot play with fewer than 3 skaters on the ice an a time. This means that if a team is already down 2 skaters, and they receive a 3rd penalty, that penalty time does not actually start until the 1st penalty expires. The player will still be placed in the box and the team will be allowed to continue with 3 players. If it's the case that the team is already down 2 players, and receives a penalty for Delay of Game - Displacing the Goal Posts such that the penalty time won't start until there is 1:59 left, then it's a penalty shot instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T20:45:09.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17666" CreationDate="2018-01-26T01:52:48.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by rule 83.3 from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2017-2018-NHL-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] If, during the course of the delayed off-side, any member of the&#xA;  attacking team &lt;strong&gt;touches the puck&lt;/strong&gt;, attempts to gain possession of a&#xA;  loose puck, forces the defending puck carrier further back into his&#xA;  own zone, or who is about to make physical contact with the defending&#xA;  puck carrier, the Linesman shall stop play for the off-side violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even without any intent on the attacker, touching the puck in the zone appears to be sufficient to call the offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T01:52:48.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17685" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-26T04:44:21.707" Score="1" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just read a tweet where K3 says it is &quot;Holding numbers for pro teams in races around the world.&quot; what does that mean can someone help please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14730" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-26T09:24:51.927" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T09:24:51.927" Title="What are &quot;holding numbers&quot; in cycle races?" Tags="|terminology|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17685" CreationDate="2018-01-26T06:18:15.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides the number on a racer's jersey, professional races often require numbers to be attached to the bicycle frame as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gTvjy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gTvjy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;CC Public Domain from pxhere.com&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;K3 sells hardware to clamp the numbers onto professional bike frames.  So that component is &quot;holding&quot; the racer &quot;numbers&quot; on the bike.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T06:18:15.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17688" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-26T07:20:01.437" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game 6 of 2014 playoff series between the Trail Blazers and the Rockets, Damian Lilliard took an inbounds pass with 0.9s remaining and took what turned out to be the game-winning shot. Was his shot released before the buzzer, or should it have been a Houston win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14732" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-01-26T09:10:20.877" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T12:52:44.607" Title="Was Lilliard's shot in 2014 Game 6 against the Rockets released in time?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17688" CreationDate="2018-01-26T10:33:39.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shot was in time. You can find it on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mejFtEY5faU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt; and you can hear and see (the clock) that the shot was taken &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the buzzer went off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9HYfl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9HYfl.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The time resumes with the catch, because the international Basketball &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/yellowblue/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; or NBA &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; say so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 49 Timer: Duties&lt;/strong&gt; (FIBA)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Starting the game clock when:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;During a throw-in, the ball touches or  is legally touched by a player on the  playing court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section VIII: Duties of Timers&lt;/strong&gt; (NBA)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c.  If the game clock has been stopped and the ball is put in play by&#xA;  a throw-in, the game clock and the 24-second clock shall be started&#xA;  when  the ball is legally touched by any player on the court. The&#xA;  starting of the game clock and the 24-second clock will be under the&#xA;  control of the official timer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-01-26T12:52:44.607" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T12:52:44.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17691" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-27T09:34:53.017" Score="3" ViewCount="1167" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering, if there are any statistics about the average time a basketball game is &quot;live&quot;, that means there is no whistle by the referee (dead ball) and no chance for the players to rest (even just for a few seconds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, team A is on offense for 20 seconds, shoots and gets an offensive rebound. Team A then continues to play for another 24 seconds and scores. Team B takes the ball in at the baseline and their point guard is fouled 12 seconds later. This sums up to 56 seconds of play time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is how long is this time span &lt;strong&gt;on average&lt;/strong&gt;. From a conditioning perspective, what is the average length of stress players need to prepare their bodies for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure some leagues (or at least some teams) have stats about this but I have no idea what to search for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1065" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-28T04:43:57.247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T04:41:56.123" Title="Average length of uninterrupted play in basketball" Tags="|statistics|basketball|training|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17697" CreationDate="2018-01-28T14:40:43.353" Score="1" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was going over a sample Q&amp;amp;A for a next level refs exam coming up. An answer stated the shot clock is reset to 14 secs after touching the ring.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It cited Art 29.  Which has this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 29.2.3. After the ball has touched the ring of the opponents’&#xA;  basket, the shot clock shall be reset to&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    24 seconds, if the opposing team gains control of the ball.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    14 seconds, if the team which regains control of the ball is the same team that was in control of the ball before the ball touched the ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, during previous exam I recall the FIBA official interpretations using this exact scenario as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;17-20 Example: With 5 seconds remaining on the shot clock during the&#xA;  throw-in A1 passes the ball towards the basket where it touches the&#xA;  ring.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Interpretation:&lt;/strong&gt; The shot clock operator shall not reset his&#xA;  clock, as the game clock has not started yet. The shot clock shall be&#xA;  started simultaneously with the game clock when the first player on&#xA;  the playing court touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not reset the clock.  And plan to raise this with the committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there another section in the FIBA 2017 rules that supports the no reset as shot clock hasnt started view?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The interpretation should be based on an article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T23:18:22.670" Title="FIBA Shot Clock reset on throw-in touching ring" Tags="|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-28T17:26:47.930" Score="2" ViewCount="7132" Body="&lt;p&gt;With 1 out, runner on the 3rd base properly tags up and crosses the home plate before the runner on 2nd base who does not tag up properly going to 3rd and is called out resulting in the 3rd out of the inning. Does the run score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14744" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-04-27T05:47:35.480" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T05:47:35.480" Title="Does run count if the 3rd out is due to a player not tagging up?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17695" CreationDate="2018-01-28T21:02:42.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the run counts.  Run scoring is covered by rule 5.08(a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.08 How a Team Scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home&#xA;base before three men are put out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: A run&#xA;is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in&#xA;which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches&#xA;first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding&#xA;runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the&#xA;bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three exceptions listed, but none of them apply in this case since the  out at third base is not a force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB rulebook also contains an Approved Ruling scenario that is very similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: One out, Jones on third, Smith on first, and Brown&#xA;flies out to right field. Two outs. Jones tags up and scores after the&#xA;catch. Smith attempted to return to first but the right fielder’s&#xA;throw beat him to the base. Three outs. But Jones scored before the&#xA;throw to catch Smith reached first base, hence Jones’ run counts. It&#xA;was not a force play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T21:02:42.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-01-28T21:10:19.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing explicit in any rule to support this interpretation. However, Article 49 requires that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The timer shall measure  playing time  as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting the game clock when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;During a throw-in, the ball touches or  is legally touched by a player on the playing court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball is not in play when it first touches the ring, an argument can be made that it should not be included as a circumstance for Article 29.2 to be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is however a very weak argument, and without a statement from FIBA such as that in the Official Interpretations document, it would otherwise be ignored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T21:10:19.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-01-29T07:58:38.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few situations covered by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/yellowblue/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt;. If it's just a throw-in with no extra info added, then the shot clock will start simultaneously with the game clock as defined in §50.1 (merely because the game clock is restarted under the same conditions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Shot clock operator: Duties &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;50.1 Started or restarted when: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;On  the  playing  court  a  team  gains  control  of  a  live  ball.  After  that,  the  mere  touching of the ball by an opponent does not&#xA;  start a new shot clock period if the same team remains in control of&#xA;  the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the playing court.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 5 secs remaining this scenario also may apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;50.6 &lt;strong&gt;Switched off&lt;/strong&gt;, after the ball becomes dead and the game clock has been stopped in any period when there is a new control of the ball&#xA;  for either team and there are fewer than 14 seconds on the game clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T07:58:38.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17700" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-29T13:18:52.947" Score="3" ViewCount="1401" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many yellow cards will get player suspended in Spanish &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_del_Rey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa del Rey&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14749" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T02:04:41.630" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T02:04:41.630" Title="How many yellow cards before player is suspended in Copa del Rey" Tags="|rules|football|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-29T13:39:09.560" Score="5" ViewCount="1465" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a look at the rectangle in this picture.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OLIGw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OLIGw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that M stands for the whole amount of participants (it is like &quot;S&quot; for Singles).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Q stands for qualifiers.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;D for doubles tournaments.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;X stands for mixed tournaments.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do &quot;32,16,16&quot; (in the Shenzhen tournament) mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been told that for example in the Shenzhen tournament the qualification board can have 16 female players and only 4 may qualify. It means that each player must win two matches to enter in the competition. But, how do you know that only 4 can qualify? It is not written in the 2018 WTA calendar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, how come in the Australian Open the 2018 prize money is not showed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14748" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T14:25:17.300" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T23:02:25.293" Title="What do these numbers mean in the tennis WTA calendar?" Tags="|tennis|terminology|wta|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17701" CreationDate="2018-01-29T14:19:45.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Partial answer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/calendar/calendar.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA 2018 calender&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TFC: Total Financial Commitment is the Tournament’s Investment in the event, including Tour Fees, Bonus Pool contributions and on-site prize money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;: Unlisted amounts are TBD for each event based on the Prize Money Formula Rule (Premier 5 Minimum - $2,666,000; Premier 700 Minimum - $776,000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means prize money is not decided yet for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ausopen.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;, which will be done through Prize Money Formula Rule (see: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/publications/2018WTARulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA 2018 rulebook page 167&lt;/a&gt; for more information).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T14:19:45.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-29T14:30:49.483" Score="3" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;p&gt;I apologise if this question may sound ridiculous.&#xA; I would like to know if there are any limitations to qualify for the Australian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, to qualify for the WTA Finals, WTA players compete throughout the year in over 53 tournaments plus the Slams. By doing so, players earn ranking points and ONLY the first 7 (or 8) top players can have access to the WTA finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a similar rule also for the Australian Open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14748" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-02-08T16:12:06.697" LastActivityDate="2022-02-08T16:12:06.697" Title="Who can qualify for the Australian Open?" Tags="|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17705" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18521" CreationDate="2018-01-29T15:25:06.540" Score="6" ViewCount="12935" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201801140min.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFC Divisional playoff game on 2018-01-14 between Minnesota and New Orleans&lt;/a&gt;, Minnesota's Stephon Diggs scored a touchdown as time expired in the fourth quarter to take the lead and thus win the game. Of course, the game does not end till the PAT is attempted.  The players, media, coaches, staff, and security rushed the field. After about ten minutes, the officials were able to get everyone off the field and the Minnesota offense on the field.  The Saints were not there, and it took another minute or so to get eight Saints onto the field and onsides before the Vikings could snap and kneel-down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, why did they need eight Saints there?  Why not seven?  One? Zero?  At what point does &quot;eh, it's your fault you didn't have enough players on the field&quot; become &quot;this isn't football&quot;?  &lt;strong&gt;What rule specifies the minimum number of players a defense &lt;em&gt;must have&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in order for the ball to be declared ready for play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note this is not really a question of having enough players on hand, lest they risk a forfeit; let's assume the players are somewhere nearby (sideline or locker room) but just are busy with something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only relevant rule, 5-1-1, doesn't address it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game is played by two teams of 11 players each.&#xA;  ...&#xA;  Penalty: For more than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone&#xA;  while the ball is in play: Loss of five yards from the previous spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: It is not a foul if a team has fewer than 11 players on the&#xA;  field of play or the end zone when a snap, free kick, or fair-catch&#xA;  kick is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2018-06-01T18:17:24.030" LastActivityDate="2022-12-22T13:29:00.083" Title="Is there a minimum number of players needed on the field in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17662" CreationDate="2018-01-29T21:08:50.790" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, here is some work on calculating &lt;a href=&quot;https://cricketsavant.wordpress.com/2016/12/26/introducing-expected-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;expected runs&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://cricketsavant.wordpress.com/2017/01/26/measuring-expected-wickets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;expected wickets&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T21:08:50.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17700" CreationDate="2018-01-30T02:04:19.510" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Accumulating three cautions in the Copa del Rey will see a player suspended for one match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On page 5 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/circular5.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RFEF 2017/18 Circular No 5&lt;/a&gt; [pdf]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tratándose del Campeonato de España/Copa de S.M el Rey, del torneo Copa Real Federación Española de Fútbol y de la segunda fase o de ascenso del Campeonato de Liga de Segunda, Segunda &quot;B&quot; y Tercera divisiones, los ciclos que causurán la suspensión serán de tres amonestaciones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this roughly translates to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the Copa del Rey (Spanish Championship), the Copa Federacion, and the promotion play-offs of the Segunda Division, Segunda Division B, and Tercera Division, accumulating three cautions will result in a suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T02:04:19.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17676" CreationDate="2018-01-31T02:44:09.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no minimum requirement for how many tournaments a player must partake in order to stay a professional. However, if a player does not play any tournaments then they will have zero ATP/WTA points and will effectively no longer be a professional. If you're looking to find exactly how many games and tournaments Nadal plays then that information can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Rafael_Nadal_tennis_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Ultimately in 2017, he played 18 tournaments and 78 matches. His complaint is understandable but it is his choice to play that many matches in order to try and compete for the top of the ATP rankings. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;He is currently #1 in the ATP rankings&lt;/a&gt; and he obviously wouldn't be able to maintain that status without playing such an obscene number of matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2018-01-31T21:24:38.350" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T21:24:38.350" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-01-31T03:04:53.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As pointed out by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5626/in-tennis-how-much-is-the-servers-advantage-diminished-if-the-game-goes-to-de&quot;&gt;others responding to similar questions&lt;/a&gt;, there likely aren't statistics like this for tennis available at all. Sports like baseball and basketball have seen an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/sport/2016/04/how-science-and-statistics-are-taking-over-sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;influx of analytics&lt;/a&gt; in past years, and although this is also true for tennis, there is still nowhere near the statistical tracking as there is in other sports. Although, if I were to guess as to the validity of the claim that it's easier to hold serve in doubles then I would have to agree based on both prior experience and the reasoning that often times in singles, players are able to hit strong returns to break serves. However, with another player present to try to absorb returns, in my experience watching and playing tennis there are far fewer winners on returns of serve in doubles than in singles. Granted, I have no hard facts to substantiate these claims because tennis has unfortunately neglected to keep up with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/08/18/changing-the-game-the-rise-of-sports-analytics/#2b2c1a814c1f&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;advanced analytics&lt;/a&gt; that other sports are employing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12715" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T03:04:53.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11866" CreationDate="2018-01-31T03:24:12.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more experienced player could benefit in this scenario by seeing if the less experienced player is open to suggestions on how to improve. The process of passing along knowledge this way helps the experienced player to mature, because knowing something and being able to impart it are two different things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ache.org/newclub/CAREER/MentorArticles/Benefits.cfm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Further reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14754" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T03:24:12.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17676" CreationDate="2018-01-31T20:15:18.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/rankings-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP world tour ranking FAQ&lt;/a&gt; (i.e. for men's tennis), a player's world ranking is calculated from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The four Grand Slams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The eight World Masters 1000 tournaments&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ATP World Tour finals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player's best six results from other ranking tournaments.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player fails to qualify for a Grand Slam or Masters, he can count an additional other tournament.  But if he qualifies and does not participate, the  Grand Slam/Masters result is the one that counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that means that a player has to take part in 18-19 tournaments so as not to actively lose out on ranking points - but the more the better (since more tournaments means you discard poor results).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For women's tennis, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTA_Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; suggests that it's the best 16 points scores from ranking tournaments, including:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the 4 Grand Slams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the 4 Premier Mandatory tournaments&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the WTA Finals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd imagine the same or similar rules apply to in the men's case for players who do not qualify for Grand Slams, WTA Finals and Premier Mandatory tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14758" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T20:15:18.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10753" CreationDate="2018-02-01T04:48:39.217" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A group of capable Americans with extensive experience working in F1 garages and factories absolutely could have the necessary technical capabilities to develop and build a Formula One Car from scratch like all of the other teams on the grid, but there's a simple reason why we don't see many F1 teams that are exclusively American in identity (although Haas has recently broken the trend, and has a competitive package, although they are closely partnered with Ferrari and buy as many Ferrari manufactured parts as the rules will allow).&#xA;  The reason there have been very few American F1 teams is because of the lack of exposure and interest for the series in America.  America has a rich history of competitive motorsport, but it has been almost entirely in formats like NASCAR, IndyCar, and dirt track racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running and maintaining a Formula One team is exorbitantly expensive, and so each team on the grid must rely heavily on lucrative endorsements, sponsorship deals, and partnerships with engine and automotive manufacturers to develop a competitive race car anew each year.  Traditional F1 teams headquartered largely in the UK and Italy can command hugely prosperous deals because the viewership numbers and consumer engagement with the sport is exceptional, and in turn provides investors and business partners with means to have their message reach a burgeoning global customer base. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply put, potential American Formula One teams cannot raise enough money through the traditional mechanisms of procuring investment capital and sponsorship deals to be able to develop a competitive race car, which exacerbates the same problem in further years until the team in completely insolvent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few caveats before I go.  In my answer I was envisioning an &quot;American Formula One&quot; team as a team that readily and openly identifies itself as an American team and that has the majority of its facilities located in The United States, including its Headquarters and the bulk of its manufacturing facilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mention this caveat because we could imagine a case where Dieter Mateschitz gifts Red Bull Racing to one of his close friend's sons whom he acted as Godfather for, and that after a few weeks of the close friend's son firing long-term employees and replacing them with his good friends from The States you could justifiably consider Red Bull Racing to then be an &quot;American Formula One Team&quot;, which I think we can agree that it would most certainly in fact not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14759" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T04:48:39.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17719" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-01T05:12:21.210" Score="0" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, what type of sets are more commonly played, advantage sets (where one player must win by two clear games) or tiebreaker sets? I'm wondering because I'm writing scoring logic for a tennis app, and I'm curious if there is good data on this or if I have to just take a guess and pick a default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T09:05:14.280" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T09:05:14.280" Title="Are advantage or tiebreaker sets more common?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17719" CreationDate="2018-02-01T09:04:13.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tiebreakers are much, much more common. The &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; sets which are advantage sets are the final set in singles at the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, the Olympic tennis tournament and the Federation Cup; see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tennis_terms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;advantage set&lt;/a&gt; definition at Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T09:04:13.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17723" CreationDate="2018-02-02T15:21:17.497" Score="2" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17548/if-liverpool-fc-win-the-champions-league-does-that-mean-coutinho-wins-it-as-well/17549#17549&quot;&gt;Question&lt;/a&gt;, where Nij answered about the medals, that they can be placed where the club wants them, not like the replica trophies, I would like to know, where can the clubs place those trophies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13225" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T18:51:18.697" Title="Where can football teams place their replica trophies?" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17722" CreationDate="2018-02-02T18:51:18.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is answered by the same section of regulations as that question, where article 11, section 11.02 states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[r]eplica  trophies  awarded  to  winners  of  the  competition  (past  and  current)  must remain  within  the  relevant  club’s  control  at  all  times  and  may  not  leave  the  club’s country  without  UEFA’s  prior  written  consent.  Clubs  must  not  permit  a  replica trophy  to  be  used  in  any  context  where  a  third  party  (including,  without  limitation, their  sponsors  and  other  commercial  partners)  is  granted  visibility  or  in  any  other way  which  could  lead  to  an  association  between  any  third  party  and  the  trophy and/or  the  competition.  Clubs  must  comply  with  any  trophy  use  guidelines  that the UEFA administration may issue from time to time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In effect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the real trophy will go where UEFA the organisation puts it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the replica trophy must stay in the club's home country, unless they get permission to move it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the replica trophy must not go anywhere that makes it appear some third  party, such as a business, has a relationship with the trophy or with the the championship&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;UEFA will make further detailed rules for where and how to keep the trophy, but these are not apparently widely available&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T18:51:18.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17724" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-02T19:03:10.230" Score="3" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a professional sports division that was, at any time, solely comprised of former league champions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14769" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-02T22:56:09.343" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T03:55:42.840" Title="Was there a professional sports competition where every entrant was a previous winner?" Tags="|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17724" CreationDate="2018-02-02T20:38:32.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easy one here is the NHL during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Six&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Original Six era&lt;/a&gt;. All six teams played in one division, and all won a championship before the 1967 expansion; while the Rangers never won a championship during the Original Six era, they won three championships before 1942.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, every time in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC_West&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFC West&lt;/a&gt; has won at least one championship:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 49ers have won five Superbowls, most recently &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXIX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XXIX&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Cardinals won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_NFL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1947 NFL season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Rams franchise won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXIV&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XXXIV&lt;/a&gt; while based in St Louis.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Seahawks won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXIV&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XLVII&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it happens that the Eagles win &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl LII&lt;/a&gt;, then every team in the NFC East will also have won a championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T20:38:32.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17724" CreationDate="2018-02-02T21:27:19.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NHL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998-2013 Atlantic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Philadelphia Flyers (First win 1974)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. New York Rangers (1928)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. New York Islanders (1980)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. New Jersey Devils (1995)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Pittsburgh Penguins (1991)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1967-1970 East&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Montreal Canadiens (1916)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Boston Bruins (1929)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. New York Rangers (1928)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Detroit Red Wings (1936)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Chicago Black Hawks (1934)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;f. Toronto Maple Leafs (1918) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1941-1967 Unnamed, only conference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Montreal Canadiens (1916)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Boston Bruins (1929)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. New York Rangers (1928)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Detroit Red Wings (1936)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Chicago Black Hawks (1934)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;f. Toronto Maple Leafs (1918)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1936-1938 American&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Boston Bruins (1929)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Chicago Black Hawks (1934)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Detroit Red Wings (1936)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. New York Rangers (1928)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NFL, Super Bowls only&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018-Present NFC East&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Philadelphia Eagles (2017)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Dallas Cowboys (1971)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Washington Redskins (1982)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. New York Giants (1986)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pre-Merger NFL&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1945-1949 Western&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Chicago Bears (1921)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Chicago Cardinals (1925)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Detroit Lions (1935)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Green Bay Packers (1929)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Los Angeles Rams (1945)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1943 Western&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Chicago Bears (1921)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Chicago Cardinals (1925)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Detroit Lions (1935)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Green Bay Packers (1929)  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1935-36 Western&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Chicago Bears (1921)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Chicago Cardinals (1925)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Detroit Lions (1935)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Green Bay Packers (1929)  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never happened in the pre-merger AFL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MLB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994-1997 AL East&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Baltimore Orioles (1966)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Boston Red Sox (1903)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. New York Yankees (1923)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Detroit Tigers (1935)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Toronto Blue Jays (1992)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998-Current AL Central&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;a. Chicago White Sox (1906)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;b. Cleveland Indians (1920)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;c. Kansas City Royals (1985)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;d. Minnesota Twins (1924 *As Washington Nationals, 1987 as Twins)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e. Detroit Tigers (1935)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither the National League or the American League was comprised of solely previous champions before realignment in the 1960s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has never happened in the NBA or the ABA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll stop there since I've covered the &quot;Big 4&quot; of American Professional sports. Source was me going through Wikipedia comparing division timelines with lists of champions, seeing if there was a team that hadn't won yet in any given division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T03:55:42.840" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T03:55:42.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17729" CreationDate="2018-02-02T23:52:32.560" Score="4" ViewCount="1053" Body="&lt;p&gt;What were the changes in professional tennis' rules (e.g., the doubles reforms of 2006) in the currrent century? Links to the ATP rulebooks in which those rules are stated might suffice as an acceptable answer. ATP's website only has the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current year rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14770" LastEditorUserId="14770" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T07:45:06.270" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T02:56:16.030" Title="History of rule changes in tennis" Tags="|rules|tennis|history|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-02-14T09:04:46.410" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-03T01:19:55.667" Score="2" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say you have a soccer team from a small high school, and only 14 students sign up to play.  Now suppose several students twist their ankle or for some other reason aren't able to play.  Now you have to bring a weak player off the bench for the whole game.  What's this weak player called?  He's only there to avoid forfeiting the game for a shortage of players.  Is there a word for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T21:44:18.003" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T21:44:18.003" Title="Word for: player who's just helping field a team" Tags="|rules|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17727" CreationDate="2018-02-03T07:51:05.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After much research, and with the help of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/web/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;, I was able to compile a list of pdf's for most of the rulebooks since 2001. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand where we're getting these rulebooks from, we must first dive into the history of the ATP's websites, with respective rulebooks. The chronology of the internet presence of what is currently the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP World Tour&lt;/a&gt;&quot; goes a little something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chronology of &quot;ATP World Tour&quot; Website&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1995 - &quot;The ATP Tour launches its first ATP website, ATP Online...&quot; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;  Unfortunately, not much is known about this site, and it doesn't&#xA;  appear in any search results I performed. As a result, no rulebooks&#xA;  from this time period have been provided&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2001 - &quot;A newly launched website, ATPtennis.com, highlights the new tournament structure. ATP Properties forms, instigating a more commercial focus and new marketing, licensing and broadcasting opportunities.&quot; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;  Rulebooks referenced from 2001 and up to 2008 will be from this site and not the current ATP World Tour site. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2008 to 2018 - The ATP World Tour website as we know it today first came into existence in 2008 and has largely kept the same form even into today. The majority of rulebooks come from this site's archives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without further adieu, here are the rulebooks up until 2001: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ATP World Tour Rulebooks &quot;2001-2017&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2017/2017-atp-rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/files/rulebook/2016/2016-atp-rulebook_8jan16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/~/media/files/rulebook/2015/2015-atp-rulebook_sept15.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://filebin.ca/3qQNStvhvsvF/2014_ATP_Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/15/2012_ATP_Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20120619011221/http://www.atpworldtour.com:80/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  : Click on &quot;rulebook&quot; and download the file (only way to access)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20110522132417/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  : Click on &quot;rulebook&quot; and download the file (only way to access)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://assets.usta.com/assets/1/USTA_Import/images/sitecore_ustasections/USTA/Document%20Assets/2010_ATP_Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20090622172759/http://www.atpworldtour.com:80/Corporate/Rulebook.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  : The page states the rule changes at the bottom from 2008 for the 2009&#xA;  season, which is what OP is looking for anyway&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20081226135721/http://www.atpworldtour.com:80/en/aboutatp/plans.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  : The &quot;rulebook&quot; link is unfortunately inaccessible, but I will update&#xA;  my answer if I am able to find the 2008 edition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20070106221634/http://www.atptennis.com:80/1/en/home/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  : The &quot;rulebook&quot; link is unfortunately inaccessible, but I will update&#xA;  my answer if I am able to find the 2007 edition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20051217001930/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/players/ATP_Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20050504115510/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/players/ATP_Rulebook_2005.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20040525200554/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/players/ATP_Rulebook_2004.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20030424013000/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/players/ATP_Rulebook_2003.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20030325150502/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/players/ATP_Rulebook_2002.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here are the specific changes from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20030424041027/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/players/rulebook_ammendments.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 to 2003 rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20010302164849/http://www.atptennis.com:80/en/insidetheatp/column/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001 ATP World Tour Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;*&#xA;  : I was unable to find the rulebook on the site, and do not believe it&#xA;  exists anywhere online&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A special thank you to &lt;a href=&quot;https://math.stackexchange.com/users/8297/martin-sleziak&quot;&gt;Martin Sleziak&lt;/a&gt; who helped provide the 2010 and 2014 editions.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20081226135656/http://www.atpworldtour.com:80/en/aboutatp/history.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20081226135656/http://www.atpworldtour.com:80/en/aboutatp/history.asp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/corporate/history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/corporate/history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T18:00:03.553" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T18:00:03.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17728" CreationDate="2018-02-03T19:40:25.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One possible term to describe this phenomenon is a &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stand-in&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; The usage for this term is more common in eSports than traditional sports, but it nonetheless holds a similar connotation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Stand-in&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Historically, the term has been used in theater and film to describe&#xA;  the actor or actress that substitutes-in for the main role they&#xA;  represent. The reasoning for this position goes something like this,&#xA;  &quot;Professional lighting and camera setup are always done manually and&#xA;  can be extremely time-consuming and tedious. Actors strongly prefer to&#xA;  be elsewhere during that time.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Hence the use of the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stand-in&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In eSports and Traditional Sports Terminology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Stand-in&quot; within a sports context, has become synonymous to someone&#xA;  who simply fills-in for the participant so a forfeit does not occur.&#xA;  Examples of this are in the video game &quot;CS:GO:&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An article in&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dexerto.com/news/professional-csgo-coach-stand-player-former-team-eleague-major/40856&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dexerto&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  by Ross Deason makes use of the term to describe this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Luis ‘peacemaker’ Tadeu will compete at the ELEAGUE Boston 2018 Major&#xA;  as a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;stand-in&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for his former team, TyLoo.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Luis Tadeu essentially subbed in because his former teammate, Hansel&#xA;  ‘BnTeT’ Ferdinand, was unable to compete due to visa issues, and&#xA;  would've caused the team to be unable to compete; thus, the aquistion&#xA;  of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;stand-in&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; Luis Tadeu, a coach at the time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An article in&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://seatgeek.com/tba/sports/most-memorable-stand-in-performances-in-sports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SeatGeek&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  by Bob Knudsen utilizes the term, and seemingly defines it, in a&#xA;  similar fashion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;In an ideal situation, most professional sports teams have a deep&#xA;  enough bench to cover when a player gets injured or is otherwise&#xA;  unable to play. Backup quarterbacks, point guards, pitchers–you name&#xA;  it, teams have it. But occasionally a team simply runs out of players&#xA;  who are normally able to fill in for a position, leading to sometimes&#xA;  great and sometimes terrible results. Here are the most memorable&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;stand-in&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; performances by players who had no business being out there in the first place.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The article then goes on to detail 4 performances of a similar&#xA;  character, in particular, an instance of a youth hockey coach, Eric&#xA;  Semborski, getting brought up to play goalie for the Chicago&#xA;  Blackhawks, so they could fill-in the goalie position potentially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastEditorUserId="13785" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T21:12:07.380" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T21:12:07.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17732" CreationDate="2018-02-04T06:08:58.787" Score="7" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a princess such as Leonor, Princess of Asturias succeeds to the Spanish throne, would the name of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_del_Rey&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa del Rey&lt;/a&gt; change to become the Copa de la Reina? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T18:53:01.067" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T12:08:06.270" Title="Would the Copa del Rey change its name for a queen?" Tags="|football|trivia|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17731" CreationDate="2018-02-04T07:44:51.287" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_del_Rey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa del Rey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; was originally named in honour of Alfonso XIII, and is now a generic king's cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_de_la_Reina_de_F%C3%BAtbol&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa de la Reina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is the cup awarded for the corresponding women's competition. There does not appear to be a naming honour for this particular cup,  and it appears to be a generic queen's cup, named for symmetry reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T18:48:32.320" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T18:48:32.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-04T14:52:44.607" Score="1" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a hand pass washed out if it's deflected by a player of the opposing team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It happened here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/KQSLMWdkh3g?t=5m16s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2/2/18 - Capitals @ Penguins - Period 2 - 8:06&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14514" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-04-25T12:33:29.043" LastActivityDate="2020-04-25T12:33:29.043" Title="Is a hand pass cancelled if it touches the other team?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17737" CreationDate="2018-02-04T14:52:44.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. See Rule 79.1 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2017-2018-NHL-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-2018 NHL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;79.1 &lt;strong&gt;Hand Pass&lt;/strong&gt; - A player shall be permitted to stop or “bat” a puck in the air with his open hand, or push it along the ice with his hand, and the play shall not be stopped unless, in the opinion of the on-ice officials, he has directed the puck to a teammate, or has allowed his team to gain an advantage, and subsequently possession and control of the puck is obtained by a player of the offending team, either directly or &lt;em&gt;deflected off any player&lt;/em&gt; or official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Emphasis mine.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14514" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T14:52:44.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17548" CreationDate="2018-02-04T15:23:03.053" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two stages for &lt;strong&gt;UEFA&lt;/strong&gt; Champions League: the group stage, and the knockout stage. Before each of these stages teams have to submit their team members list to UEFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of Coutinho, he played for Liverpool in group stage and he is going to play in Barcelona in knockout stage of the league. Every team in the knockout stage has to submit their new players list to UEFA after this January transfer window. Coutinho won't be listed in the player list that will be submitted by Liverpool and will be included in FC Barcelona squad for knockout stage. So there is no problem in that he can play the rest of matches for FC Barcelona in UEFA. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently he is a FC Barcelona player. It doesn't matter where he was at group stage, or in which team's list he was included earlier. It only matters where he plays while the team wins the league. So in this season if FC Barcelona wins the UEFA Champions league he also wins it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14779" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T17:44:03.327" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T17:44:03.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17742" CreationDate="2018-02-05T00:13:07.987" Score="3" ViewCount="510" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times a player from the losing team was named the super bowl MVP?&#xA;Please list all these MVP winners, year it occurred, as well as the team and position they played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-17T15:38:36.843" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T15:38:36.843" Title="Super Bowl MVP winners from the losing team" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17741" CreationDate="2018-02-05T00:51:43.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is only currently one instance by the player &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Chuck Howley&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Super Bowl Players that were voted MVP of the game, but were on the opposite team:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Year&lt;/em&gt;- 1971 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Super Bow&lt;/em&gt;l- V &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Player&lt;/em&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;Chuck Howley&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Position&lt;/em&gt;- Linebacker   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Team&lt;/em&gt;-   Dallas Cowboys&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_Most_Valuable_Player_Award&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T00:51:43.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-05T02:44:19.207" Score="3" ViewCount="7797" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, if a team intercepts the football in the end zone and is then tackled or falls, it is a touchback and the ball is moved to the 25.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the player who makes the interception tries to run for it and gets tackled at the 1 or 2, then his team would get stuck there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it seems that if a player makes an interception in the end zone, then the best move would be to just fall down to take the touchback. Is that right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T13:33:13.830" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T17:36:14.070" Title="Better to fall down after interception in end zone?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17745" CreationDate="2018-02-05T03:52:06.417" Score="1" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Philadelphia Eagles beat the New England Patriots in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201802040nwe.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl 52&lt;/a&gt; to win their first Super Bowl. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last time the Eagles made it to the Super Bowl was during the 2004 season, also against the Patriots. Were there any returning Eagles from the 2004 season that were part of the team who won Super Bowl 52? If so, who are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T14:25:58.423" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T14:25:58.423" Title="Did any player on Eagles Super Bowl winning roster play on the 04 season Super bowl?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17744" CreationDate="2018-02-05T04:23:52.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;After collating the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/phi/2004_roster.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eagles 2004 Roster&lt;/a&gt; with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/team/roster.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eagles 2017-2018 Roster&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;There were no returning players.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The method performed to calculate this was to prioritize the 14 years that have advanced since the 2004 roster. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using this criteria, we can eliminate any players that were over the age of 26 on the 2004 roster due to the striking unlikelihood of any players over the age of 40 still playing other than the Kickers and Punters (both were checked, and both retired before the 2017-2018 season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, we are left a handful of players 26 or younger from the 2004 roster. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of the 32 players from the 2004 Eagles roster aged 26 or younger, &lt;strong&gt;none of them even made it to the 2017-2018 NFL season&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, most of the players from that great 2004 team didn't even make it out of the 2000's. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13785" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T04:23:52.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17743" CreationDate="2018-02-05T07:40:40.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It Depends&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Falling down, taking a knee or being tackled in the end zone does lock in your team's starting position at the 20-yard line by rule of touchback, however returning an interception can yield a range of possible starting points anything between the goal-line up to the 20-yard line is sub-optimal and any return beyond the 20 is optimal.  So a return gives a likely expected value of less than 20 yards, but there is a chance for a larger gain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some cases when it always makes sense to take the touch back and start at the 20:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Late in a game and protecting a lead, you do not want to risk getting a safety and having to give the ball back to your opponent - take a knee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are several opposing players near you making it unlikely you will &#xA;make it past the 20.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are slow and not likely to make it past the 20.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some cases where you should try and return the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no or little time left on the clock at halftime (or at the end of the game when you are behind ) - returning the ball may not get you past the 20, but if time is expiring taking the touchback doesn't matter - at least returning the interception gives you a chance - this happened in &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/vzLQ1tUaJDs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XLII (43) when James Harrison returned a 100-yard interception return for a touchdown&lt;/a&gt; - he gave his team 7 points.  Taking a knee would have resulted in time expiring a play later.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no one around you and you have a good chance to return it past the 20.  Say you are 1 on 1 with the receiver who falls down and no one else is near you - there is a higher probability that you can make it past the 20.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is &lt;strong&gt;IT DEPENDS&lt;/strong&gt;.  There is no variation when you take the touchback and choosing to return the ball should be based on situation of the game and your likelihood of getting better than 20 yards on your return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastEditorUserId="13922" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T14:46:26.057" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T14:46:26.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17518" CreationDate="2018-02-05T19:20:30.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is your playing style close to the table, or do you generally prefer to play back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loopers look for any deep ball to attack, so obviously you want to try to keep the ball short.  If you are close to the table, pretty much your only option is to block.  It takes time and a feel for blocking, as well as fairly quick reflexes.  Find a hitting partner to practice with and just start blocking his/her topspin shots to get a feel built up.  Start slow and work into getting it faster and spinnier from your practice partner.  If you can practice in a drill-like manner, you can focus on the shot itself instead of reflex speed, and work on the reflexes as you advance, perhaps by altering the location of the topspins coming at you on both sides of the table, but initially stick to one side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are back further from the table, you cannot block effectively, so your options are counter-loop/topspin, chop, or lob.  If your game is advanced enough to counter topspin, then either aim it directly at the players mid-point, which will make them have to quickly decide to move/adjust, or if possible, obviously aim it where they ain't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chopping a topspin, especially a heavy topspin, and really especially a heavy topspin combined with sidespin takes a LOT of practice, but once you get a feel for chopping, it's great to have in your arsenal, and it can be fun, too.  You don't see too many defensive players around for the last several decades, so that should tell you how hard it is to master.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the initial strategy: loopers are usually hoping for a &quot;third ball attack&quot; meaning they serve, hope that you push or otherwise return the ball deep, and then they can loop.  It's impossible to loop a short return, so I can't over-emphasize the importance of learning to master the push shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I first began playing seriously back in 1975, my mentor the late David Dickson, Jr., told my buddy and I that if we mastered the push shot, everything else would come easier.  I didn't fully understand it back then, and let me tell you, push drills are BORING!  But... he was absolutely right.  As my buddy and I spent hours upon hours just pushing the ball back and forth, we both accelerated our games very rapidly, and it wasn't much longer after that that we were trading forehand and backhand drills at very high speed, and later looping and chopping like our mentors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope some of this has helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T19:20:30.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2018-02-06T03:12:58.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it can be argued for or against in any situation. I don’t believe that a bunt play is why there hasn’t been a leftie catcher in the last 20+ years. It would probably stem from the lack of young left handers and their youth coaches trying to utilize them in pitching roles or 1st base. Plus, not a lot of kids like playing catcher and if you’re a good youth left handed player, coaches won’t risk you getting beat up behind the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14785" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T03:12:58.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-06T17:12:36.207" Score="1" ViewCount="1859" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume a team needs 1 run to win and the batsman needs 2 or more runs for his century or half century. The batsman then plays a shot completes his first run then the ball goes to the boundary or six. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the score written? Did the batsmen score a half century or a century or did they win the match when the batsmen completed his first run? What was the batsman score of this delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14789" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T19:29:37.600" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T19:29:37.600" Title="What will the batsman score from a winning boundary with one run needed to win?" Tags="|rules|cricket|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17750" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-06T17:58:10.040" Score="3" ViewCount="1329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a scenario where a receiver runs a post route to the goal line. A linebacker drops back into coverage, jumps, and tips the pass right before the goal line. In the act of deflecting the pass, the linebacker collides with both the intended receiver and another teammate in coverage. His momentum carries him into the endzone as he flies through the air, but the collision knocks him over upon landing. The pass is tipped multiple times by both offensive and defensive players and somehow passes right in front of the linebacker. He lunges from his knees, extends his arms, and catches the ball before it touches the ground. He is not touched by any player after the initial collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can he get up and advance the ball now, or is he down by contact? If he is down, is he down at the 1 yard line (where the contact occurred) or for a touchback (where he caught the ball)? Would changing certain details (like how many players tip the ball) affect the ruling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6211" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T19:22:40.303" Title="Can an intercepting player be down by contact that occurs before the interception?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17755" CreationDate="2018-02-06T21:56:12.753" Score="4" ViewCount="22584" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Superbowl LII, at the beginning of the 2nd quarter, New England drove to the Philly 8 and kicked a field goal.  Gostkowski missed (hit upright).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ensuing Philly drive commenced at their 20-yard line.  What?  Why didn't the drive start where the Patriots line of scrimmage was?  I don't remember seeing this before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T19:34:13.977" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T19:34:13.977" Title="After a missed field goal, where does the next drive start?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16117" CreationDate="2018-02-07T02:09:12.873" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another contributing factor ... if the pitcher was right handed and had to reach across his body to field the ball with his left/glove hand he is then in a much better position to - plant his right foot - and throw to first. From that same fielding position, in order to throw to third he would have to pivot/spin nearly 180 degrees to his right in order make the throw to third. That would consume valuable time which may cost him the out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must add that I too have always wondered why there aren’t more force outs at third. True the runner at second takes a lead and I could see that such a play mite be difficult to make from the right side of the infield … but I don't see why more shortstops don't attempt the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14790" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T02:09:12.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17749" CreationDate="2018-02-07T03:52:06.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-16-the-result/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16.6.1 As soon as a result is reached as defined in 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 or 16.5.1, the match is at an end. Nothing that happens thereafter, except as in Law 41.18.2 (Penalty runs), shall be regarded as part of it.  Note also 16.9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;16.6.3 If a boundary is scored before the batsmen have completed sufficient runs to win the match, the whole of the boundary allowance shall be credited to the side’s total and, in the case of a hit by the bat, to the striker’s score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically once the batsmen complete the first run (which is the only run required to win) then the match ends. If the ball goes to the boundary then that won't count, and therefore the batsman will only be credited 1 run not 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However if the ball goes to the boundary before they complete the first run then 4 runs will be given to the batsman (and the team score also), since once it reaches the boundary the match ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T03:52:06.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17752" CreationDate="2018-02-07T04:10:48.733" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;By rule, when a field goal is missed, the ball is placed at the spot of the kick, not at the line of scrimmage at which the ball snapped for the field goal attempt. But if the miss happens from within the 20 yards of the end zone, the ball will be placed at the 20 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/fieldgoal&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All field goals attempted (kicker) and missed from beyond the 20-yard line will result in the defensive team taking possession of the ball at the spot of the kick. On any field goal attempted and missed where the spot of the kick is on or inside the 20-yard line, ball will revert to defensive team at the 20-yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Patriots drove to Eagles' 8 yard line. After the snap, the ball is placed 8 yards behind the line of scrimmage for the kick attempt. This means that the ball was on the 16 yard line on the field goal attempt. The attempt was a miss and inside the red zone (20 yard line), Philadelphia gets the ball on their 20 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your comment on the question, the end zone is 10 yards deep and is added to the line the ball is kicked from to measure the length of the field goal attempt. So Stephen Gostkowski had a 10 + 16 = 26 yards attempt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T04:10:48.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17756" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17757" CreationDate="2018-02-07T04:31:14.980" Score="13" ViewCount="21773" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a limit to how close the ball gets spotted behind the line of scrimmage during a field goal attempt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I regularly watch the NFL and on the field goals the holder awaits for the ball about 8 yards behind the line of scrimmage. It seems like the ball is always kicked from 8 yards behind the scrimmage no matter the yardage of the kick; ie. if it's a 20 yard attempt or a 60 yarder. Although at times this distance looks to be much closer to 7 yards than 8. Is there a rule that dictates this distance has to be respected or all teams have converged to kick about 8 yard behind the scrimmage over time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T19:33:05.100" LastActivityDate="2024-03-07T16:44:01.927" Title="What determines the spot of a field goal kick in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17756" CreationDate="2018-02-07T09:19:14.317" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule about the required &lt;em&gt;exact&lt;/em&gt; distance from the line of scrimmage. It can be taken from the line itself or behind. They kick from 7 yards behind the line primarily because they're used to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only rule covering this is &lt;strong&gt;Rule 11.4.1 Successful Field Goal&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/2725/2017-playing-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) The kick must be a placekick or dropkick made by the offense from on&#xA;  or behind the line of scrimmage or from the spot of a fair catch (fair&#xA;  catch kick). If a fair catch is made or awarded outside the inbound&#xA;  line, the spot of the kick is the nearest inbound line.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, because Field Goal trys have little to no margin for errors the players will do anything they can to succeed. This includes a fair distance from the LoS and always the same distance whenever possible... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A shorter distance may get the ball blocked while a longer distance is harder to snap and an unnecessary extra distance for the kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The snap needs to be very precise in order to give the holder the chance to place the ball correctly before the kicker arrives. That would be a difficult task if the distance is varying.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's allowed to use other distances, but it would be an unnecessary risk (and a lot of extra training work). That's why they don't do that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T09:19:14.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17759" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-07T16:39:36.430" Score="-1" ViewCount="801" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose two teams in the same group are tied at 4 points each with the same number of goals, but they  did not tie the head-to-head match the other won, and they did not play the last match of the group against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the final ranking in the group determined if these teams are ranked in second and third of the group between themselves? Does the head-to-head rule apply here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14794" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T18:28:26.843" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T19:06:23.653" Title="How are UEFA Champions League group ranks decided in this convoluted situation?" Tags="|rules|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17759" CreationDate="2018-02-07T19:06:23.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The regulations give a list of 12 criteria applied in descending order. They are summarised here for brevity purposes, see the full text for details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. higher number of points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams are tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. greater goal difference among matches between tied teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. greater goals-for among matches between tied teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. greater away goals-for among matches between tied teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e. if any ties remain, repeat the above until no further separation is possible&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there was no game between the tied teams, these criteria have no information to make a decision with. The teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;f. greater goals-difference in all matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is determined solely by the scores in each team's win, since a draw does not affect goals-difference. If one team had a greater winning margin, they are placed second, otherwise the teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;g. greater goals-for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;h. higher number of goals scored away from home in the group stage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a simple counting. The team who scored &lt;em&gt;more goals during their away game(s)&lt;/em&gt; is placed second. A team with no away games cannot be placed second under this condition. A team with two away games cannot be placed third under this condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, if the number of away goals is the same, the teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. higher number of wins&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both teams have one win and one draw. The teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;j. higher number of away wins&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team who won away is placed over the team who won at home, if this happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If both won at home or both won away, the teams remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;k. lower disciplinary points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This criteria is based on the number of yellow and red cards received by a team. A red (including for second caution) is worth three points and a yellow is worth one point. The team with the fewest points is placed second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the teams have the same number of points (but not necessarily the same number of each type of card) they remain tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;l. higher club coefficient&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are determined by formula listed in Annex D of the regulations. Section D.7 gives the final tiebreaker method:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;coefficient from most recent season rankings are based on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;coefficient from next-most recent season rankings are based on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;drawing of lots&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is eventually guaranteed to break the tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T19:06:23.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-07T21:04:08.453" Score="-3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;I visited several dancesports web sites, such as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://nedancesport.org/welcome.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 New England Dancesports Championships&lt;/a&gt;, and I only see entry fees mentioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no mention of any prizes. What are the prizes? Are dance competitions just for flowers and trophies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-26T20:41:25.300" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T20:41:25.300" Title="Are ballroom dance competitions just for trophies only?" Tags="|tournaments|dancing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17763" CreationDate="2018-02-08T01:09:22.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dance competition you linked to is an amateur competition. However, there are professional dance competitions with prize money, such as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://unitedstatesdancechampionships.com/prizes-money/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;United States Dance Championships&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T01:09:22.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17773" CreationDate="2018-02-09T00:03:21.350" Score="8" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, the byline to &lt;a href=&quot;http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2757817-2018-nba-draft-top-targets-for-whoever-lands-brooklyn-nets-pick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Bleacher Report article&lt;/a&gt; reads &quot;The Cleveland Cavaliers own the Brooklyn Nets' first-round pick in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_NBA_draft&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 NBA draft&lt;/a&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can one team &lt;em&gt;own&lt;/em&gt; another team's first-round pick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14808" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T09:15:47.673" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T09:19:45.940" Title="How can one team &quot;own&quot; another team's first-round pick?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17772" CreationDate="2018-02-09T00:19:36.510" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Draft picks are an asset, and (in the NBA anyway) they can be traded between teams (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16149/what-is-the-ted-stepien-rule&quot;&gt;subject to some restrictions&lt;/a&gt;). Whichever team has the pick on the day of the draft gets to select a player and have exclusive rights to that player, independent of which team the pick was originally assigned to - but the original assignment still determines where the pick falls in the order; hence the pick of a losing team like Brooklyn is more valuable than that of a winning team like the Warriors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, Brooklyn traded the pick to the Celtics as part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/nba/2013/6/28/4474220/kevin-garnett-paul-pierce-trade-nets-celtics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kevin Garnett/Paul Pierce trade&lt;/a&gt;, and the Celtics then further traded that pick to the Cavaliers as part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/cavs-celtics-complete-kyrie-irving-isaiah-thomas-trade-boston-adds-pick/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kyrie Irving/Isaiah Thomas trade&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T09:19:45.940" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T09:19:45.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17776" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-09T05:11:06.133" Score="3" ViewCount="509" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been researching Dale Earnhardt's fatal crash at Daytona in 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have yet to find any mention of the &lt;strong&gt;exact&lt;/strong&gt; time when the crash happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a credible source that lists the precise time that the crash occurred? What exactly was that time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14812" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T08:27:52.337" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T13:20:59.497" Title="When exactly did Dale Earnhardt crash?" Tags="|trivia|history|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17731" CreationDate="2018-02-09T11:51:34.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The official name&lt;/strong&gt; of the competition, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/reglamento_general_2016-2017_web.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Royal Spanish Federation of Football (RFEF)'s regulations&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; [PDF], &lt;strong&gt;is &quot;&lt;em&gt;Campeonato de España&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, with a trailing &lt;em&gt;&quot;Copa de S.M. el Rey&quot;&lt;/em&gt; for the male competition and &lt;em&gt;&quot;Copa de S.M. la Reina&quot;&lt;/em&gt; for the female competition. And an additional &lt;em&gt;&quot;de Fútbol Sala&quot;&lt;/em&gt; for the corresponding indoor football competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, the cup has received &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_del_Rey#Historia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;several different trailing names&lt;/a&gt;, depending on the current political system and Head of State:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Copa de Su Majestad el Rey&lt;/em&gt; (1903-1930).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Copa de Su Excelencia el Presidente de la República&lt;/em&gt; (1931-1936).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Torneo Nacional de Fútbol&lt;/em&gt; (1939).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Copa de Su Excelencia el Generalísimo&lt;/em&gt; (1940-1976).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Copa de Su Majestad el Rey&lt;/em&gt; (1976-).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;the RFEF is a private organization&lt;/strong&gt;, and AFAIK &lt;strong&gt;it gets to choose the name of the competitions&lt;/strong&gt; it hosts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the event of Spain switching from a king to a queen (or something else), a number of possibilities open:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mixed-gender teams are a thing by then, and so the distinction &quot;&lt;em&gt;Rey&lt;/em&gt; = male cup, &lt;em&gt;Reina&lt;/em&gt; = female cup&quot; is not in place anymore.&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides that the name &quot;Copa del Rey&quot; has been in use for too long for a change to be well received: &lt;strong&gt;the name is not changed&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides that the name &quot;Copa de la Reina&quot; makes more sense: &lt;strong&gt;the name is changed&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides the topic is way too controversial to take a stance: &lt;strong&gt;the name is dropped&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Male and female competitions are still held separately, and Rey / Reina are still used to differentiate them:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides that the competition should be named against the Head of State, i.e. the Queen now: &lt;strong&gt;the names are changed, using Reina for the male cup and Rey for the female cup.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides that the female competition deserves the additional attention given by being the main cup: &lt;strong&gt;the name is not changed&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides the topic is way too controversial to take a stance: &lt;strong&gt;the name is dropped&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &quot;democratic monarchy&quot; system is not in place anymore (out of your scope, but still a possibility):&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides to keep &quot;Copa del Rey&quot; either out of tradition or to make a political statement: &lt;strong&gt;the name is not changed&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RFEF decides to go with the ages: &lt;strong&gt;the name is changed&lt;/strong&gt;, probably to &lt;em&gt;&quot;Copa de la Presidencia&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or the like, &lt;strong&gt;or just completely dropped&lt;/strong&gt; in favor of plain old &lt;em&gt;&quot;Campeonato de España&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, it depends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal opinion is that, by the time Leonor could be crowned, this would be a non-issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12405" LastEditorUserId="12405" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T12:08:06.270" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T12:08:06.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17628" CreationDate="2018-02-09T13:16:12.227" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.knvb.nl/downloads/bestand/11955/handleiding-consuls&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;guidelines&lt;/a&gt; from Dutch FA (dated december 2014)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It says (among a lot of other rules) that a referee has to postpone play whenever the fog is so heavy that the referee is unable to see the goals from the centre spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9240" LastEditorUserId="9240" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T14:53:56.717" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T14:53:56.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17776" CreationDate="2018-02-09T13:20:59.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2001 Daytona 500 started approximately 1:00pm ET. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jayski.com/next/2001/2001daytona500.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact time of race for the 2001 Daytona 500 was 3 hours, 5 minutes, 26 seconds. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nascar/racecenter/CUP/2001/001&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source 2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, as dly says, 4:05pm ET would be the &lt;strong&gt;approximate&lt;/strong&gt; time of Dale Earnhardt's crash. I would say the &lt;strong&gt;exact&lt;/strong&gt; time would be no more than +- 1 minute from this approximation as the finish line was crossed seconds after the crash and the only other variable that would need an exact value to find the exact crash time would be the start time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was pronounced dead at 5:16pm ET. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Dale_Earnhardt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Source 3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14817" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T13:20:59.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17750" CreationDate="2018-02-09T19:22:40.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your original question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can an intercepting player be down by contact that occurs before the interception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is &lt;strong&gt;NO&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until the interception is made there is no possession of the ball.  Until possession of the ball is established, contact by an opposing player can not result in a player being down by contact.  There is often incidental contact between players before a catch and that is not considered the act of tackling because there is not yet possession of the ball.  From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-change-of-possession&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules Section 36, Article 3: Change of Possession:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A change of possession occurs when a player of the defensive team secures possession of a ball that has been kicked, passed, or fumbled by a player of the offensive team, or when the ball is awarded to the opposing team by rule. A change of possession includes, but is not limited to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An interception of a forward pass&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore after possession has changed, the interceptor becomes a new runner and contact must be made by the Offense (in your example) before he gets off the ground.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can he get up and advance the ball now, or is he down by contact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no contact is made after the interception (and thus the change in possession) he may advance the ball until tackled unless he is touched before his body, knee, elbow, etc. are separated from the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13922" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T19:22:40.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17787" CreationDate="2018-02-11T02:29:18.277" Score="10" ViewCount="2837" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the &quot;Olympic Athletes from Russia&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching the 2018 Winter Olympics and saw &quot;Olympic Athletes from Russia.&quot; Why isn't this done for other countries such as &quot;Olympic Athletes from the United States&quot; or &quot;Olympic Athletes from Italy&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cr28N.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14817" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-02-12T00:29:45.083" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T00:29:45.083" Title="Who are the &quot;Olympic Athletes from Russia&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17786" CreationDate="2018-02-11T03:41:14.067" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian Olympic Committee was suspended from the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games as a result of state-sponsored doping and testing fraud in the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games. They are disallowed from any national presence at the Games. 42 Russian athletes were banned and had medals stripped as a result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletes from Russia were permitted to apply and compete individually (respectively, as individual teams in sports such as curling or bobsled) apart from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;28 whose bans were overturned but remain uninvited&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 whose appeals against bans were denied&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 whose appeals will not be completed until after the Games end&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;along with those who did not otherwise qualify or meet the conditions required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After passing all tests and meeting conditions, 169 athletes were permitted to compete as Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR). As with previous cases, they compete as independent athletes wearing a neutral uniform under the Olympic flag with the Olympic anthem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-11T06:22:58.897" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T06:22:58.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17786" CreationDate="2018-02-11T11:14:36.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/17787/4870&quot;&gt;@Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt; explains the background for &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; this happened, but I just want to give a very simple explanation for the immediate question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who are the &quot;Olympic Athletes from Russia&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are &quot;Olympic Athletes&quot; who are &quot;from Russia&quot;, but &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; part of the Russian team. (Because there &lt;em&gt;is no&lt;/em&gt; Russian team, as explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/17787/4870&quot;&gt;@Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was watching the 2018 Winter Olympics and saw &quot;Olympic Athletes from Russia.&quot; Why isn't this done for other countries such as &quot;Olympic Athletes from the United States&quot; or &quot;Olympic Athletes from Italy&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because they are part of the US and Italian teams, not just Olympic Athletes who happen to be from the US and Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T11:14:36.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17790" CreationDate="2018-02-11T12:02:30.407" Score="2" ViewCount="1175" Body="&lt;p&gt;In association football, I'm confused as to how the referee is expected to indicate an indirect free kick at the time of the offence. He spots the offence, blows his whistle, and then he needs to indicate which team is awarded the free kick by raising his arm at a 45° angle pointing towards that team's attacking side. At that point, i.e. way before the kick is about to be taken, does he also need to indicate that the free kick is indirect with an arm raised vertically or does he only indicate indirectness when the kick is about to be taken ? I'm assuming he would not raise both arms at once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/gs3AxqsG79E?t=45s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; didn't make that clear to me. My understanding from this video is that the referee would have his arm raised vertically from the moment he awards the free-kick up until when the ball is played and touched by another player. This makes no sense to me since in the meantime the referee might need to deal with objection or wall-placing, or may simply need to wait for a ball to be provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have the feeling that when an off-side offence is called, the referee signals it differently from other indirect free-kick offences. I can't find a video on Youtube where the referee is actually on the screen at the moment the off-side is called, but I seem to remember that they immediately raise an arm vertically, without indicating which team is awarded the free-kick. Granted, if it's an offside, then there's no confusion. But I'm pretty sure that in other cases, like in an obstruction offence, the referee would indicate which team it goes to, and indicate indirectness later on ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14677" LastEditorUserId="14677" LastEditDate="2018-02-11T16:15:58.883" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T16:15:58.883" Title="Signal for off-side and indirect free kick in association football" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17789" CreationDate="2018-02-11T14:26:54.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your video pretty much explains how you do it in regular situations and the Laws of the Game provide the same info (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/free-kicks/chapters/types-of-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;INDIRECT FREE KICK SIGNAL &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee indicates an indirect free kick&#xA;  by raising the arm above the head; this signal is maintained until the&#xA;  kick has been taken and the ball touches another player or goes out of&#xA;  play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick must be retaken if the referee fails to signal&#xA;  that the kick is indirect and the ball is kicked directly into the&#xA;  goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are always situations where you will need your arms to handle complaints by the players or any other situations preventing the kick to be taken (subs, cards, etc.). In that case you need to handle that first and raise your arm when you're ready to resume the game. For example if you blow the whistle to stop the game to show a card or after you awarded the free kick and have to handle any other problems...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blow the whistle and award that free kick as you usually would do.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You'll have to resume the game by blowing the whistle again. So you do not have to keep your hand raised all the time. &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remember to tell the player to wait for your whistle by telling him to wait and pointing to your whistle with the other hand (visible to everyone).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you're ready to resume the game, raise your hand to signal the indirect free kick and blow the whistle to let the player take it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Talk. If the players are unsure about what to do, tell them. A good communication is the key to prevent a lot of problems.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offside signals may be different from the usual indirect free kick signals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our referees are indicating offside by raising the arm (for indirect fk) and waving the other arm in front of them in a line parallel to the goal line. This plus the linesman's flag signal is sufficient to signal offside offenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F9B4xl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F9B4xl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-02-11T16:14:29.987" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T16:14:29.987" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17792" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-11T18:18:42.937" Score="4" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian Olympic team has been banned from the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics due to government supported doping allegations. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics#Competitors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;168 athletes&lt;/a&gt; from Russia were permitted to participate in the Olympics headed by the international committee of Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) under the Olympic flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, the Russian team was banned from the 2016 Summer Olympics and I asked &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/14282/athletes-who-have-won-olympic-medals-under-the-olympic-flag&quot;&gt;Athletes who have won Olympic medals under the olympic flag&lt;/a&gt;. This question focused on why the athletes who won medals were competing as independent individuals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The OAR Hockey team has the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.oddsshark.com/nhl/odds-win-2018-mens-olympic-ice-hockey-tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;best odds&lt;/a&gt; of winning the Hockey gold medal in the 2018 games. Since the answers to the aforementioned question didn't list any medal winners in team sports, I'm wondering how many times, if any, athletes under the Olympic flag competed in team sports? Please list the sport, year, and the results of each team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T08:41:56.447" Title="Athletes under the Olympics flag competing in team sports" Tags="|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17793" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-11T18:34:02.997" Score="2" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the opening ceremony and the announcer mentioned that there were 242 athletes representing the US in the Olympics. My question is does this represent all the trainers and coaches as well as the athletes or just the athletes. If it is just the athletes what is the total amount of US personnel involved in the Winter Olympics, in an official capacity : i.e. coaches, trainers, doctors, and any others I may not be aware of this year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14829" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T18:34:02.997" Title="How many people are representing the US officially in the 2018 Winter Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21201" CreationDate="2018-02-11T19:31:02.217" Score="8" ViewCount="492" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starting the 2018/19 season there will be a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2398611.html#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;new distribution rules&lt;/a&gt; in the Champions League (CL) and Europa League (EL). CL and EL winners will get automatic spot in group stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new rule states that no country can have more than 5 teams in CL. I am wondering what will be the outcome for the following case in England:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) CL and EL winners are both from England and finish 5th and 6th in EPL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) FA Cup and League Cup winners finish, let's say 7th and 8th in the EPL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case, will the club finishing 4th in the EPL go to any European competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14830" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-16T13:55:25.380" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T13:02:15.687" Title="Will the club finishing 4th in the EPL go to any European competition if clubs from 5 to 8 win corresponding titles granting European qualification?" Tags="|rules|football|uefa|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17795" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-12T00:59:33.317" Score="10" ViewCount="9936" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, if you get the ball during the opening tip off, the other team gets the ball at the start of the 2nd and 3rd quarter and you only get the ball at the start of the 4th quarter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is no advantage to winning the opening tip off and no disadvantage to losing the tip off because both teams start with the ball an equal amount of times. If that's the case, why even have a tip off? Why not just start the game the same way you'd start every other quarter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14832" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-07T08:30:37.137" LastActivityDate="2021-02-20T20:41:52.130" Title="What's the point of winning the opening tip off in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-12T03:39:52.117" Score="6" ViewCount="2811" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some cricket pitches have an additional white line, perpendicular to both the bowling crease and popping crease, and joining both of them. One example is of the Eden Garden stadium pitch (2016) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/MWffCEif940?t=1m6s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j3XL1.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j3XL1.png&quot; alt=&quot;a screenshot of a cricket match with some lines circled in red&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have highlighted the line in question in a pink box. There are three more lines, a total of two on each side of the pitch. I checked &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-7-the-creases/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 - The Creases&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-pitch/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 6 - the Pitch&lt;/a&gt;, and could not find any reference to these lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are they? Are they not standard lines i.e. why are they not on every pitch? What is their purpose? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-12T07:00:40.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T13:05:52.760" Title="What are these additional white lines on the cricket pitch?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17797" CreationDate="2018-02-12T13:05:52.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The line which you have highlighted in the image is the wide marking. They provide the limits within which bowlers have to bowl and assist umpires in adjudging if a delivery can be called &quot;wide&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1) &lt;a href=&quot;http://premier.cricketvictoria.com.au/files/3/files/premier-match-rules/Crease%20Markings%20Diagram%20and%20Wide%20Ball%20Interpretation%20White%20Ball%20Cricket%20Guidance.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://premier.cricketvictoria.com.au/files/3/files/premier-match-rules/Crease%20Markings%20Diagram%20and%20Wide%20Ball%20Interpretation%20White%20Ball%20Cricket%20Guidance.pdf&lt;/a&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;a href=&quot;http://cricket.rushisbiz.com/cricket-pitch-and-ball-details/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://cricket.rushisbiz.com/cricket-pitch-and-ball-details/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T13:05:52.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17799" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17808" CreationDate="2018-02-12T13:58:13.570" Score="2" ViewCount="2058" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20160301112656/http://badminton.isport.com/badminton-guides/guide-to-doubles-rotation-in-badminton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt;. It only explains &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; to do doubles rotation, not what they &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; are. I am unsure how I would describe &quot;doubles rotation&quot; to a badminton newbie in four-five sentences. So, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a proper definition of &quot;doubles rotation&quot; in badminton?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14280" LastEditorUserId="10161" LastEditDate="2019-05-01T01:38:09.890" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T13:52:00.213" Title="What is a proper definition of &quot;doubles rotation&quot; in badminton?" Tags="|terminology|badminton|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17800" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17803" CreationDate="2018-02-12T17:23:32.563" Score="6" ViewCount="1257" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the Olympics Biathlon right now, and wonder what is that rifle? For sure, it must be a custom made rifle only for biathlon, but what are the specifications?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a true bullet, or some kind of paintball? If a contestant was to go bonkers and try to shoot someone else, would it hurt/be deadly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T07:21:30.767" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T07:21:30.767" Title="What are rifle specifications in Biathlon?" Tags="|rules|equipment|biathlon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17801" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-12T18:42:49.273" Score="3" ViewCount="1342" Body="&lt;p&gt;After making substitutions, we accidentally had 6 players on the court (5th grade girls).  I called a timeout when I saw it (after maybe 5 seconds elapsed), and was granted the timeout. The refs did not realize we had 6 players until after allowing me the timeout when somebody from the stands yelled out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was then given a technical and still charged me with the timeout. Should I still have been assessed the technical foul?  Should I still have been charged the Timeout? While I acknowledge this was a fault on my part, it seems unfair that I got charged with &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; the technical and the timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14836" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T13:21:44.770" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T22:27:27.793" Title="Too many players on the basketball court" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17800" CreationDate="2018-02-12T18:45:34.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it can be deadly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Biathlon rifles from &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jga.anschuetz-sport.com/index.php5?produktID=267&amp;amp;menu=99&amp;amp;sprache=1&amp;amp;produktShow=detail&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ANSCHÜTZ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (and probably the others too) are Caliber .22 and are built for extreme precision, not for being safe against abuse (that would be impossible). And if you zoom in on that picture you can see that the ammo looks very serious too. Although the bullet speed is only 500 mph (normal bullets travel four to five times as fast) it will definitely hurt a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vZXHn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vZXHn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ANSCHÜTZ Biathlon rifle&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the officials take safety risks very seriously. Just looking into the barrel gets you &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/winter_sports/9785457/German-biathlete-Florian-Graf-points-rifle-at-own-face-after-horrible-and-shocking-incident.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;disqualified&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T18:45:34.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17800" CreationDate="2018-02-12T18:49:09.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rifles used are .22LR, a 130-year-old cartridge design that is the most sold type in the world, designated as the only acceptable round for Olympic shooting competition of any kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rifles at the top level are designed for biathlon, with variants for the different categories. &lt;a href=&quot;http://jga.anschuetz-sport.com/index.php5?produktID=267&amp;amp;menu=99&amp;amp;sprache=1&amp;amp;produktShow=detail&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to its manufacturer&lt;/a&gt;, the most popular rifle by far is the Anschutz 1827F, and further description of the details are provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.accurateshooter.com/competition/anatomy-of-an-olympic-biathlon-rifle/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;AccurateShooter.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They include adaptations to make carrying the rifle easier during the ski portion (lightweight and compact parts, aerodynamic magazine storage) and reduce impact on aiming while firing (straight pull action to reload, multiple magazine releases).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, they are legitimate firearms and yes, they can injure or kill. Regulations are very strict on safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T18:49:09.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-12T19:55:24.427" Score="8" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the opening ceremony of the current Winter Olympics, NBC presenter Katie Couric commented the following when the delegation from the Netherlands was making their rounds through the stadium:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is probably not a news flash to tell you the Dutch are really, really good at speed skating. All but five of the 110 medals they’ve won have been on the speed skating oval. Now, ‘Why are they so good?’ you may be asking yourselves. Because skating is an important mode of transportation in a city like Amsterdam which sits at sea level. As you all know, it has lots of canals that can freeze in the winters. So, for as long as those canals have existed, the Dutch have skated on them to get from place to place, to race each other, and also to have fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.businessinsider.nl/katie-couric-mocked-for-trying-to-explain-why-the-dutch-dominate-speed-skating-2018-2/?international=true&amp;amp;r=US&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Business Insider&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article mentions it's bogus; I'm Dutch, and while I do like skating on natural ice, I've never used it to travel and I do not know anyone who did either. Also, most winters the ice doesn't even get thick enough to skate except on rinks and ponds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard this particular myth before, and I was wondering if there's anything known about its origins; who coined it, or where was it mentioned first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-19T02:46:22.233" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T09:15:39.563" Title="What is the origin of the myth that Dutch are good speed skaters because it's a mode of transportation for them?" Tags="|history|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17806" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-02-12T19:55:48.377" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-12T19:55:48.377" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T19:55:48.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17807" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-02-12T19:55:48.377" Score="0" Body="For sports questions related to the Netherlands and/or Dutch athletes." OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T05:16:14.453" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T05:16:14.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17799" CreationDate="2018-02-12T20:47:17.100" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles, good players can easily cover he whole court, much easier than in singles, where a single person has to cover an only slightly smaller area. To win a rally against a good doubles pair, you need to pressure them with fast downwards shots, forcing them to make a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be able to play downwards, you need to force the opponents to play upwards, typically by playing shots to where they are not at the moment, so that they have to take the shuttle late. In this situation (taking the shuttle late, often just above the floor), playing short to the net would allow you to kill the shuttle immediately, so the least-worst option for your opponents is to play a high lift to the very back of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So whoever wins this &lt;em&gt;fight for the lift&lt;/em&gt; will have an advantage, but they have not won the rally yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are smashing the shuttle downwards from the back of the court, your partner should cover the front. This prevents your opponents from simply blocking the shuttle to the net, which would require &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; to lift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concurrently, your opponents have to optimize their positioning to defend against your smash. A good smash is way too fast to intercept near the net, so they will stand side-by side at about the middle of the court, so that they can get to any smash immediately without having to step. The direction where the smash would fly the shortest distance is the most dangerous, so the player on the side of the shuttle will typically cover less space. Other considerations such as relative defensive skills, handedness and speed may also affect the defenders' positioning, but it will always be side-by-side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, typical positions of attackers and defenders look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/piyix.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/piyix.png&quot; alt=&quot;basic doubles positions&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defenders can play high lifts to the back of the court again, but in order for them to win, they are trying to get into the attack themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, finally, is where &lt;strong&gt;rotation&lt;/strong&gt; comes into play: By playing to where the attackers aren't, i.e. between the attacking players, to the sides at the net, or flat shots to a side of the rearcourt, the defenders force the attackers to move around the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the defenders find a hole in the attack, the attackers may have to lift the shuttle themselves, and now become the attackers. Both sides then have to reposition to the then-optimal positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because a doubles player will roughly speaking always cover the opposite half of the court to where their partner is, this &lt;strong&gt;repositioning is called rotation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get a better feel for doubles strategy in general and the rotation it entails, watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/XyqL5B985b8?t=10m40s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;high-level&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/WBcwX-5DmK4?t=8m25s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;doubles&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/SKn1H5C0iTs?t=47s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;matches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T21:08:20.953" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T21:08:20.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-13T04:03:47.293" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the Winter Olympics on television here in the U.S. I don't know too much about winter sports, especially the nuances of Olympic competition. However, watching the downhill skiing competition, the commentary regarding slope conditions suggests that the slope itself can be the difference in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other night, I was watching ski jumping, and they had wind speed factored into the score. Why is this not a part of the scoring? Does the Olympic committee have oversight of rules, or are those defined per sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14841" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T06:29:40.363" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T07:16:34.160" Title="How is the scoring determined in Winter Olympic Sports?" Tags="|rules|olympics|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17810" CreationDate="2018-02-13T07:16:34.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each discipline has their own scoring system. Since wind has a huge impact on the performance of &lt;strong&gt;ski jumpers&lt;/strong&gt; it has been added as scoring criteria as well as the gate the jumpers start from. This is to compensate for (dis)advantages under different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The gate determines the jumping speed (higher gate = more distance on the runway = more time to accelerate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Head- or upwind is an advantage as it pushes the jumper upwards and they can travel further while tailwind does the opposite. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The compensation score makes up for both. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some basic &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wsjusa.com/ski-jumping-101/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoring info&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The scoring system combines distance with style points, recorded by&#xA;  five judges.  Each jumper gets a trial jump and two scored jumps.&#xA;  (Only the top 30 from the first round make it to the second round in&#xA;  World Cup and Continental Cup events). A wind and gate compensation&#xA;  system is utilized as well in World Cup, World Championships, and&#xA;  Olympic Games events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;downhill&lt;/strong&gt; competitions don't rely on wind that much. If it's too strong the whole competition will be postponed (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/11/winter-olympics-2018-pyeongchang-downhill-skiing-postponed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;they actually did that&lt;/a&gt;), so no athlete will have (dis)advantages due to different conditions. In downhill the piste is much more important and of course the weather altogether:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;snow condition (fresh snow, icy ground, melting snow, etc...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;weather (is it sunny, foggy, raining,.. how far athletes can see, impact on the piste (see above), and so on)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T07:16:34.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17826" CreationDate="2018-02-13T16:27:33.980" Score="7" ViewCount="7936" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching curling, I often see the sweeper seem to start a stopwatch before starting to sweep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doesn't seem to make sense that you need a stopwatch in curling. There's no difference whether the stone gets there in 10 or 15 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the use of the stopwatch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T18:36:48.023" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T20:26:48.917" Title="Why do curlers have a stopwatch?" Tags="|rules|equipment|curling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17814" CreationDate="2018-02-13T18:53:08.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curling teams receive a specific allotment of &lt;em&gt;thinking time&lt;/em&gt; (term used in rules) to complete the delivery of their stones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World Curling Federation handles the timing of games in section C6. Each team is given 38 minutes for its ten ends, or  30 minutes for its eight ends, with alternative times for wheelchair or mixed doubles, and additional time for extra ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team's clock runs from the instant all stones have stopped moving or left play during their opponent's previous stone, any violations have been corrected, and the opposing team have moved off the playing area or house. It stops when their own current stone passes the tee line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since each team uses eight stones, a ten-end game allows 28.5 seconds per stone. Teams may desire more thinking time left towards the last stone of an end or the last end of a game, so tracking is important, especially as a team must forfeit if their ends are not completed in their time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T18:53:08.987" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17795" CreationDate="2018-02-13T18:53:37.670" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't speak to the NBA, but in college and high school, the possession arrow is set by who wins the tip-off. So, if team A wins the tip and there's no violation that causes a jump ball call from the ref, team B should get the ball at the beginning of the next quarter, then the arrow would flip to team A. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't remember off hand, but there are other instances that cause a possession arrow to flip, not just a jump ball or the end of a quarter/half. I do know if a ball get's stuck between the rim and backboard is one and I believe a double technical goes to the possession arrow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14047" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T18:53:37.670" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17819" CreationDate="2018-02-14T04:11:59.340" Score="7" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.inquirer.net/283005/sports-la-lakers-earvin-johnson-magic-johnson-milwaukee-bucks-giannis-antetokounmpo-nba-fines-all-star&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lakers fined $50k after Johnson praises Antetokounmpo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Johnson was quoted as saying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“In his understanding of the game, his basketball IQ, his creativity&#xA;  of shots for his teammates. That’s where we [have the] same thing,”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“He’s special. A man that can handle the basketball like he can and be&#xA;  a great — he’s probably the greatest athlete we have in the league&#xA;  today. And then his understanding, his basketball IQ is off the&#xA;  chart.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it prohibited to praise your opponent? I can't find the rules relating to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14846" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-02-14T06:30:10.297" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T06:42:16.630" Title="In NBA, why praising an opponent's player an offense?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17818" CreationDate="2018-02-14T06:42:16.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This has to do with illegal recruiting&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The league said in a statement Johnson had breached the NBA’s &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://basketball.realgm.com/article/246574/CBA-Encyclopedia-Tampering&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;anti-tampering rule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in remarks about Antetokounmpo made in an interview with ESPN last week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA right or wrong feels these statements are intended to influence Antetokounmpo's decision to either stay in Milwaukee or move to LA. This is what the NBA claims and if true violates the CBA(collective bargaining agreement), but I don't see anything in the quote that I think would influence him.... maybe Milwaukee complained? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14831" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T06:42:16.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17805" CreationDate="2018-02-14T09:25:37.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ibtimes.com/winter-olympics-2014-speed-skating-continues-be-dominated-netherlands-why-1554557&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Business Times&lt;/a&gt; said that 4 years ago. Since there is no further citation it's safe to assume that they are responsible for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course it's nonsense. Speed Skating has a long tradition in the Netherlands and is the 2nd most popular sport there (after football) &lt;em&gt;or number 7 in terms of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.angloinfo.com/blogs/netherlands/south-holland/mooi-south-hollands-top10/ten-most-popular-sports-in-holland/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;active members&lt;/a&gt; (2015)&lt;/em&gt;. Also skating on the river in Amsterdam was possible the last time in 2012, so traveling on that one would make the dutch athletes good swimmers rather than skaters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T09:15:39.563" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T09:15:39.563" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-14T17:28:34.253" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two balls on table. Opponents ball blocking pocket and 8 ball used to sink opponents ball to clear pocket and then sink the 8 ball behind it in the same shot. Is this a legal shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14850" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T15:17:21.513" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T15:17:21.513" Title="use 8 ball to clear pocket" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-02-15T07:21:31.913" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17828" CreationDate="2018-02-14T19:47:32.230" Score="8" ViewCount="1956" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do curlers always spin the stone? Even in case the house is empty and the only goal is to deliver the stone somewhere inside, or when the goal is delivering the stone just to the button and no guard is present (delivery straight by the centerline is possible). In both cases I've ever seen the curlers use a draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14851" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-02-14T20:26:10.410" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T09:37:01.690" Title="Why do curlers always spin the stone" Tags="|spin|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17814" CreationDate="2018-02-14T20:26:48.917" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are seeing them stop, not start the stopwatch.  They are timing how long it takes from the back line to the first hog line.  This time can be compared to previous throws to see if the rock will be heavy or light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the time is long (rock is underthrown), they can get on the brooms immediately and try to stretch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T20:26:48.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17827" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17829" CreationDate="2018-02-15T04:17:36.137" Score="2" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do the official olympic weightlifting rules really not count 1kg increments? Why? Seems like unit and fractional weights should count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnR2JoCDfXs&amp;amp;t=6m6s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnR2JoCDfXs&amp;amp;t=6m6s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14856" OwnerDisplayName="two black lines in the middle" LastEditorUserId="14856" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T21:11:49.537" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T21:11:49.537" Title="Why, specifically, is George Asanidze's record not 181kg?" Tags="|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17824" CreationDate="2018-02-15T09:37:01.690" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a matter of control over the stone's path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rotating stone creates small scratches in the ice with its leading edge, which cause the trailing edge to change direction as it crosses them.  This gives the curved path.  Explained in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://phys.org/news/2013-05-mechanism-stone-revealed.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;PhysOrg article&lt;/a&gt;, which also contains links to other explanations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curlers master the skill of judging the rotation and the path of the stone.  They have the skill to place the stone where they want it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the stone is not rotating, this level of control is lost.  The scratches created by the leading edge can cause the stone to deviate to either left or right.  The direction of the stone is less predictable.  A similar, simpler explanatory article is &lt;a href=&quot;https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/0223_060223_curling.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, curlers always rotate the stone because that way they have greater certainty as to where it will finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T09:37:01.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17827" CreationDate="2018-02-15T09:51:42.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video shows the European Championships. So it simply wasn't an Olympic competition in that video. He achieved the Olympic record in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_records_in_weightlifting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sydney 2000&lt;/a&gt; games with 180 kg, so that number is actually correct. And as you can see on that list every kg counts, so 1 kg increments are possible and achievable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An Olympic record is only recognized as such if it was achieved in the Olympics, even if it is the world record (or was in this case, since the world record has been beaten in 2007 when &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_Olympic_weightlifting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrei Rybakou&lt;/a&gt; lifted 187 kg in the World Championships).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T09:51:42.267" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17830" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17831" CreationDate="2018-02-15T15:40:35.233" Score="3" ViewCount="604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most curling teams has an alternate players.&#xA;Are the substitutions allowed during a match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean in those cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;injury of a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;technical choice&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T16:22:53.287" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T17:48:38.683" Title="Are substitutions allowed in curling?" Tags="|rules|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17830" CreationDate="2018-02-15T22:11:32.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams may substitute a player for injury, but not for technical choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;R3 (d) clearly allows for a &amp;quot;qualified alternate&amp;quot; in the case of &amp;quot;a player being unable to continue, and details what will occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where  a  player  is  unable  to  continue  to  play  in  a  game,  the  team  may either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii)  bring  in  a  qualified  alternate  at  the  beginning  of  an  end,  in  which case  the  delivery  rotation  and  the  skip  and  vice-skip  positions  may be  changed  (the  revised  rotation  of  play  applying  for  the remainder  of  that  game),  and  the  replaced  player  may  not  reenter  the  game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;R3 (f) further limits the number of alternates to one (1) per team, or none of competition does not allow it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T17:48:38.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17834" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-16T15:39:03.653" Score="3" ViewCount="13750" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last night I watched the women's snowboard cross event of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the semifinal races and before the final race (officially known as the &quot;Big Final&quot;), NBC showed what they called a consolation race - the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/pyeongchang-2018/results/en/snowboard/results-ladies-snowboard-cross-fnl-000200-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Small Final&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  This race included the 4th through 6th place finishers of the two semifinal races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know some events will have a consolation match that determines who wins the bronze medal.  But this &quot;Small Final&quot; race determined who finished in 7th through 12th place.  What is the point of that?  Why does it matter who finishes in 7th through 12th place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T07:12:07.500" Title="What is the point of the &quot;Small Final&quot; in Snowboard Cross?" Tags="|olympics|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17834" CreationDate="2018-02-16T22:45:58.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the Olympics those who come 4-8th receive Olympic diplomas. I am guessing it is proof that you are in the top 8 of your sport, so it matters for sponsorship etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14865" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T22:45:58.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-17T01:31:17.057" Score="3" ViewCount="2785" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the Olympics. The skiers in the &quot;classic&quot; events like giant slalom or the downhill carry poles. But they never seem to use them for anything. I don't see the poles touch the ground unless it's part of falling. Some of the slalom skiers seem to use the guard on the pole to push the gates aside, but a big rigid glove could maybe serve that purpose. There also seems to be a role in getting back up after falling, but that is not a normal part of a run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it habit or tradition? Does it help them to balance, like the long pole a tightrope walker uses? Is it for the first few strides at the very beginning of the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that ski jumpers and arials don't use them, so it's certainly possible to get down a hill without poles. What value do they bring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2018-11-17T05:02:30.523" Title="Why do skiers use poles in slalom and downhill?" Tags="|equipment|skiing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17837" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-18T05:57:48.287" Score="1" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Korea at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt; mentions that the first people from Korea to win an Olympic medal were in 1936, competing for the empire of Japan. But what about the first people from Korea to compete at all, either competing for the empire of Japan or the Korean empire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Japan at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;North Korea at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Korea at the Olympics&lt;/a&gt; don't have any information about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T21:48:16.077" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T21:48:16.077" Title="Who was the first Korean to compete in the Olympics?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17836" CreationDate="2018-02-18T10:02:47.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is legitimate by a person who has never skied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The poles help professional skiers during the races (as amateur skiers) to maintain a better balance. With the sticks you can move the weight (and so also the center of gravity) to right and left also allowing to support a higher speed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T10:02:47.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17844" CreationDate="2018-02-18T10:17:30.023" Score="5" ViewCount="6898" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Olympic Games in curling it is easy to see two stopwatches (one per team) with a time that starts from 38 minutes each . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if the time should end for a team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this situation ever occurred?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T18:48:02.487" Title="What happens when time runs out in Curling Olympics matches?" Tags="|rules|trivia|olympics|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17840" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-18T11:29:25.413" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia is a mostly tropical/sub-tropical country. There is a small mountain range in the southeast of the country which receives snowfall for a couple of winter months. We can say that overall, the environment in Australia is far from the typical countries which dominate winter Olympics. Yet, Australians have been consistently winning medals since the '90s. What system (funding, infrastructure, marketing, support and rewards for athletes, etc.) has it put in place to achieve this success? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11089" LastEditorUserId="11089" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T20:43:08.200" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T20:43:08.200" Title="What does Australia do to get kids into winter sports at an early age" Tags="|olympics|skiing|snowboarding|ice-skating|bobsleigh|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-02-19T10:42:54.457" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17841" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17843" CreationDate="2018-02-18T13:59:11.383" Score="8" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen reports that one of the OAR athletes in curling in these Olympics (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pyeongchang 2018&lt;/a&gt;) might have failed a Doping test.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really wonder... what could be the advantages of doping in curling? Curling is not a sport of power, or endurance... they rarely throw the rock full power, and even then, a little bit more or less power will probably still to the job just fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why could a curler be using performance enhancing drugs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-19T14:14:53.580" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T16:56:44.470" Title="What could be the advantage of doping in curling?" Tags="|rules|doping|curling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16742" CreationDate="2018-02-18T14:05:36.000" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nice question, I haven't thought about it before. There are scoring tables and also women who do the decathlon (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon#Women&amp;#39;s_decathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;) and I'd say that a woman competing in heptathlon could generally also do a decathlon as far as fitness is concerned. The same is of course true for a male decathlete doing a heptathlon (as they do indoors).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the main reason why the current system is not changed is that athletes training for a specific number of events can't train for three more events and still be maintain a similar level in all of them. So a sudden change would mean a phase to adapt for the top athletes and thus decrease the appeal of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14824" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T14:05:36.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17841" CreationDate="2018-02-18T18:32:30.547" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Endurance and power in curling are important during the sweeping action, and I can guarantee that after a match the players are tired (especially the two players who sweep more).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here some evidence that talk about player training methods where you can find how physical training and endurance are important: &lt;a href=&quot;https://personaltrainingwithstephaniethompson.wordpress.com/2015/07/06/curling-fitness-tip-my-4-favourite-exercises-for-powerful-sweeping/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mensfitness.com/life/entertainment/yes-curling-sport-us-olympic-teams-hardcore-training-regimen-proves-it&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scottishcurling.org/strength-and-conditioning/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, being able to maintain concentration fot all the match is a very important aspect and I think that some doping can &quot;help&quot; for it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway the use of doping is breaking the rules of every sport (but this do not answer to the question)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-19T09:32:37.833" LastActivityDate="2018-02-19T09:32:37.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17839" CreationDate="2018-02-18T18:48:02.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team's &lt;em&gt;thinking time&lt;/em&gt; expires and they have not completed their ends, that team immediately forfeits the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule C6 (n) is straightforward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team must complete its part  of a game within the time given, or forfeit the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While forfeits have occurred for other reasons, there are no obvious incidents of a &quot;no time&quot; forfeit at an international level on record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T18:48:02.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21095" CreationDate="2018-02-19T19:53:21.637" Score="3" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first skater to make a false start is pardoned. But the second skater, even if it is not the same person, is disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the logic behind that? Why, if I'm not at fault in the first false start, would I be disqualified if I provoke the second one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T08:50:46.233" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T12:33:26.747" Title="Why is the first false start allowed an exception while the second is not?" Tags="|rules|speed-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17849" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-20T08:37:46.857" Score="3" ViewCount="1925" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a team has been named, can any players be replaced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the limit of this replacement? For example, if half the team were injured while warming up, can they be substituted or otherwise swapped out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the same rule apply if this were to happen during the first innings or between innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14529" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T08:44:03.843" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T00:02:28.997" Title="Can a player be replaced after the team is announced for a cricket match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17850" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-02-20T08:53:21.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about skating fast in other sports should use one or more of the following tags:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/ice-hockey&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;ice-hockey&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;ice-hockey&lt;/a&gt; for ice hockey related questions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/figure-skating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;figure-skating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;figure-skating&lt;/a&gt; for figure skating and synchronised skating related questions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/ice-skating&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;ice-skating&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;ice-skating&lt;/a&gt; for general questions which are still sport related; questions about non-sport related skating can be asked on &lt;a href=&quot;https://fitness.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Physical Fitness&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;The Great Outdoors&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T20:13:25.467" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T20:13:25.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17851" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-02-20T08:53:21.413" Score="0" Body="For questions about the sports of speed skating and short track speed skating; questions about skating fast in other sports should not use this tag." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T20:13:25.467" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T20:13:25.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17852" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-20T10:13:15.810" Score="1" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Elizabeth Swaney got her own &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/TwitterMoments/status/965716393848180736&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;twitter moment&lt;/a&gt; saying that she qualified for the women's halfpipe skiing by gaming the system. That she met the requirement of being in the top 30 by competing in events with fewer than 30 competitors, and then going to enough events to get sufficient points to qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_halfpipe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's halfpipe&lt;/a&gt; says that she had a bib number of 23, while Rosalind Groenewoud from Canada had a bib number of 24. The article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification&lt;/a&gt; mentions that four Canadians could have qualified but they only sent two, so I assume their competitors are reasonably strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bib numbers and the results of competitors in the qualification seem fairly well correlated, so I assume they're based on a ranking. Groenewoud's &lt;a href=&quot;https://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=FS&amp;amp;competitorid=121665&amp;amp;type=result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIS profile&lt;/a&gt; doesn't seem to indicate that she was out of action for a huge amount of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was Swaney the lowest ranked competitor going into the women's halfpipe skiing? Also, if Swaney was the lowest ranked competitor, is there any individual we can point to as being denied a spot in women's halfpipe skiing as a result of her presence? There's the possibility that another Hungarian may have lost the ability to compete in another event, but that's a separate question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="359" LastEditorUserId="359" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T10:19:24.540" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T10:19:24.540" Title="Was Elizabeth Swaney the second lowest ranked competitor going into the women's halfpipe skiing?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17849" CreationDate="2018-02-20T11:54:01.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once the team has been named and exchanged the players can not be replaced without the agreement of the other captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the captain allows then the player can be a complete replacment and has no limits.  This happens very infrequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More common is a substitute, a substitute can be approved by the umpires for any injury, worsening of existing injury or exceptional circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A substitute, may not bat, bowl or captain the team.  In the 2017 laws it was changed to allow the substitute to keep wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batsmen needs a substitute they can have a runner to run for them but this has to be a player who is nominated and they should have batted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been a new playing condition added for international cricket that allows concussion replacements (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/what-is-concussion-substitute-rule-heres-everything-on-iccs-new-set-of-guidelines/471184&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/what-is-concussion-substitute-rule-heres-everything-on-iccs-new-set-of-guidelines/471184&lt;/a&gt;) first used for Steve Smith in the 2nd Ashes test 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2019-08-21T10:28:42.190" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T10:28:42.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17856" CreationDate="2018-02-20T14:19:48.140" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were talking about long distance speed skating recently, and I remember that in the 1980s there was a male Spanish speed skater participating at the World Championships (I don't think he participated in any Olympics). He was a lot slower than the others, but was the first representative of Spain to ever participate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been trying to Google his name, look at the Wikipedia page about Spanish speed skaters (it's not Asier Peña Iturria), but I can't find anything about him. Does anyone remember this guy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14873" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T15:09:09.423" Title="Spanish long distance speed skater in the 1980s?" Tags="|speed-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17855" CreationDate="2018-02-20T15:09:09.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A quick Google search for EC 1980 gives me: &lt;a href=&quot;https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_G%C3%B3mez_Fernandez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio Gomez&lt;/a&gt;, sorry only available in Dutch and Norsk on Wikipedia.&#xA;Yes, that rings a bell. It took him about three years to learn a proper (step-over) turn. Here's his list of records: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.speedskatingbase.eu/?section=main&amp;amp;subsection=skater&amp;amp;id=6634&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio's best&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T15:09:09.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17841" CreationDate="2018-02-20T21:37:27.880" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you miss main point of doping. People take drugs not to get stronger or more powerful in general, but to &lt;em&gt;get stronger and more powerful at the skill when competing with other athletes&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is that if you are a curler and take drugs, you will not magically start lifting 1000 pounds, but you will be better at curling that your equally able competitor. The nature of any sport is that athletes try to perform at 100% ability/capacity at some parameter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13069" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T21:37:27.880" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18478" CreationDate="2018-02-21T00:50:27.667" Score="4" ViewCount="2043" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to buy different sizes of paint balls for different paintball guns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I use any size ball in any gun? Should I be concerned with the compatibility of each ball and gun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14875" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T02:05:09.737" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T13:27:26.920" Title="Are all sizes of paint ball compatible with all paintball guns?" Tags="|equipment|paintball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17867" CreationDate="2018-02-21T02:49:26.857" Score="5" ViewCount="3925" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the 2018 Winter Olympics games I've noticed a few times that the team with the hammer doesn't go for an easy shot on their last stone. Instead of just putting the stone on or near the button when the circle is quiet empty, they hit the other teams stone and clear up all the stones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the reason behind this? Are there rules regarding when a team can put a stone on the button? Or will this move give the team an advantage moving forward in the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T15:44:54.323" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T16:57:03.920" Title="Why do curlers blank on purpose?" Tags="|rules|strategy|tactics|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-21T04:17:01.613" Score="1" ViewCount="577" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there been any male or female athlete who won medals in multiple disciplines during the same Olympics game? If so, list the athlete's name, as well as the year, and the disciplines of medal winning. As bonus, also list any other discipline if the athlete also participated in that year, but didn't win a medal for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify, I consider sport programs to be of different discipline if &#xA;listed so here for each of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports#Current_and_discontinued_summer_program&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;summer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_sports#Current_winter_program&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;winter&lt;/a&gt; games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T17:35:42.043" Title="Athletes who have won medals in multiple disciplines in the same Olympics games" Tags="|trivia|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17834" CreationDate="2018-02-21T07:06:01.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It turns out that the Small Final would matter in the rare situation that 4 or more competitors in the Big Final are disqualified.  If that happened, then they would award the remaining medal(s) to the top finisher(s) of the Small Final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation happened yesterday in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/news/republic-of-korea-win-gold-in-women-s-3-000m-team-relay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Women's Short Track Speed Skating 3000M Relay&lt;/a&gt;.  Four teams participated in the main final (the &quot;A Final&quot;).  However, two of those teams ended up being disqualified, so they awarded the bronze medal to the winning team of the &quot;B Final&quot;, which had been run to determine 5th through 8th place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T07:12:07.500" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T07:12:07.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17863" CreationDate="2018-02-21T08:17:55.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of yesterday 20-Feb-2018:&#xA;Jorien ter Mors (NED) won gold at 1000m speed skating (14-Feb-2018) and bronze at team relay short track skating (20-Feb-2018) at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Korea.&#xA;Fun fact: NED was in the B-final and managed a new world and olympic record. After two penalties in the A-final they were bumped up to third place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I found a link to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.topendsports.com/events/summer/athletes/kugler-frank.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Frank Kugler&lt;/a&gt; winning a medal in 3 different sports in the 1904 Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there's als Carl Lewis 100m sprint and long jump (I remember him, must be others as well) but according to the table in the opening question all Athletics is considered one sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit 2018-02-26: And I was trying to remember Esther Ledecka... who won gold in both alpine skiing and snowboard in the 2018 Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastEditorUserId="13223" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T17:35:42.043" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T17:35:42.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17862" CreationDate="2018-02-21T10:39:15.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons, but these are the main two: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;during the first part of the game it is easy to see a blank end because the team with the hammer is studying the ice and prefers a blanked end to the single point, so they can then try to score two or more points in the following end. You can see it in the first 3 ends of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/curling/results-men-prel-000102-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Canada-Italy at Pyeongchang 2018&lt;/a&gt; (first match for both teams in the tournament)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;during the second part of the match the team with the hammer can choose to  blank the end (if it has the possibility), to take off the opposing team a final end with the hammer. Break-even after the 8th end: the team with the hammer in the ninth end will try to blank the end to mark the decisive point in the last end with the advantage of the hammer - see for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/curling/results-men-prel-000501-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Switzerland-Japan at Pyeongchang 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This depends on the fact that the team that with the hammer maintains this advantage until it concludes an end by scoring points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T16:57:03.920" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T16:57:03.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-21T15:44:39.830" Score="4" ViewCount="669" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mainly the skip asks the sweepers do both sweep actions, but sometimes the skip asks a single player to do action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the sweeping to choose one rather than another sweeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T04:36:32.527" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T14:00:54.220" Title="What are the differences in sweeping between the two sweepers in the curling?" Tags="|technique|tactics|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17869" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17870" CreationDate="2018-02-21T16:39:05.847" Score="1" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one is depending on the qualification times. That I know, but for the rounds after does it still depends on the qualifing time or is it determined by the position in the last round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T17:09:40.603" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T17:55:04.960" Title="In snowboard/ski cross, how are jerseys determined in the rounds?" Tags="|rules|equipment|ranking|skiing|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17869" CreationDate="2018-02-21T17:08:58.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As written in the fIS rulebook at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fis-ski.com/mm/Document/documentlibrary/Snowboard/04/36/62/SB_FIS_ICR13Snowboardincludingprecisionsfall13_clean_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article 2706&lt;/a&gt; pairings for the finals will be according to the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hoekq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hoekq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;SBX_ranking&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So thi is the rank in the next round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;winner of heat#1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;winner of heat#2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to 8. winner of other heat&#xA;from 9th to 16th the secon for each heat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each starting position is identified by colour and/or number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colours are determined by qualification ranking (time) in each heat: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st ranked Qualification competitor – Red &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd ranked Qualification competitor – Green &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3rd ranked Qualification competitor – Blue&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4th ranked Qualification competitor – Yellow&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(5th ranked Qualification competitor - White)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(6th ranked Qualification competitor - Black)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore first ranked competitor from the qualifications can choose their lane, with the second fastest the next lane and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="1831" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T17:34:00.063" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T17:34:00.063" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22905" CreationDate="2018-02-21T20:52:28.077" Score="2" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently bought a used felt top pool table from someone that had it in their workshop.  They had started using it more like a table, so it got rather dirty with general debris, but also oil and grease.  What should I use to clean this without damaging the felt, specifically the oil and grease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14879" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T05:38:24.883" Title="Cleaning Oil/Grease on Felt Pool Table" Tags="|equipment|pool|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17874" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-22T07:37:08.037" Score="-3" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching the US-Canada Women's gold medal match, where the Canadian's had 30 seconds remaining in a power play following the end of the last period, I have to ask a question. If you know that a shootout is likely, why doesn't one team use their weakest shooter, who would suffer a penalty, to slam into the opposing team's best shooter with the hope of causing a performance-impacting injury? Of course, this would not be a respectable action, but, other than sportsmanship, what reason is there to not field this strategy? Sure the advantage gained for the shootout may be nominal, but even a tiny error in skating or handling can cause a shooter or goalie to miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14880" LastEditorUserId="14880" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T09:05:23.363" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T09:05:23.363" Title="Power Plays in the Final Period" Tags="|ice-hockey|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17874" CreationDate="2018-02-22T08:29:03.827" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most people have morals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anyone which was ever found to have been involved in this (the players, the coaches, the team management) would immediately receive life bans from the IIHF.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This would probably also be criminal assault in many jurisdictions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players don't want to start this kind of thing - they could be the next one on the end of an intentional injury.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pierre de Coubertin once said something about winning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So many more reasons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T08:29:03.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17877" CreationDate="2018-02-22T20:23:51.680" Score="3" ViewCount="23526" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not much of a wrestling fan, but I often hear about a RKO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know KO (Knock Out) and TKO (Technical Knock Out, where it's not a KO in itself, but the fight is considered one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is an RKO?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-02-23T03:44:25.027" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T07:00:16.877" Title="What is an RKO in wrestling?" Tags="|terminology|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17876" CreationDate="2018-02-22T20:28:59.137" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;An &quot;RKO&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Orton&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Randy Orton&lt;/a&gt;'s finishing maneuver (named after his initials), a variation of the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutter_(professional_wrestling)#Jumping_cutter&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jumping Cutter&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; This is not a &quot;technical&quot; wrestling term like KO or TKO. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K3O0R.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K3O0R.gif&quot; alt=&quot;RKO&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was popularized in pop culture through Vines known as &quot;RKO Outta Nowhere.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2014/10/19/rko-out-of-nowhere-meme-is-everywhere-including-this-awesome-goal-celebration/?utm_term=.ea5255ea9cfb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2014/10/19/rko-out-of-nowhere-meme-is-everywhere-including-this-awesome-goal-celebration/?utm_term=.ea5255ea9cfb&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz-rsqEaa_s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz-rsqEaa_s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14817" LastEditorDisplayName="user14817" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T20:34:33.350" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T20:34:33.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17880" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-23T14:29:41.193" Score="5" ViewCount="2417" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, if a spinner bowls a full toss that hits the batsman on the pads without pitching on the ground &amp;amp; in this case a DRS (Decision Review System) is requested by either party, how does the ball tracking work?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume that, the ball hits the bottom of the pads so that it would have definitely hit the ground &amp;amp; spun a little before going beyond(or through) the stumps. How does the DRS's ball tracking technology decide how much spin to add to the ball &quot;tracking&quot; portion of the review.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easy in case of a fast bowler, the ball will hold its line, so it can be tracked accurately. But what other factors are considered in the algorithm in case of a spinner, especially when its a full toss.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I am not concerned if the batsman is out or not, so this question is not a duplicate of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10631/lbw-to-a-spinners-full-toss&quot;&gt;LBW to a spinner's full toss&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2023-12-21T09:46:03.517" Title="How does the DRS work for LBW when a spinner's ball hits the batsman full on the pads?" Tags="|cricket|technology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17880" CreationDate="2018-02-23T17:28:27.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per the answer to the LBW to spinners full toss the ball is assumed to have carried on upon its trajectory without change.  So no spin is to be included.  This is shown in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/leg-before-wicket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 36.1.5 and 36.2.3 LBW&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Ball tracking relies on the ball continuing to do what it was doing then the predicted path would be as per the law what the ball would have continued to do.  So it would be fine to use for line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an argument for saying that the bounce of the ball could not be predicted where the path of the ball show it pitching before the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2020-06-06T19:47:26.760" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T19:47:26.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17880" CreationDate="2018-02-23T17:35:57.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hawkeye doesn't care what type of delivery a bowler normally gives, as any bowler can give a huge amount of variation on the delivery. It only tracks actual movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case that the ball hits the batsman on the full, it will assume a continued line but will not extrapolate any bounce path and will not provide information on the height of the ball at the wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is specified in the Playing Conditions, for example in Appendix D &lt;em&gt;Decision Review System (DRS) and Third  Umpire Protocol&lt;/em&gt;, part 3.4 &lt;em&gt;Review of LBW Decisions&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball strikes the batsman on  the full, and the evidence provided by the ball-tracking technology indicates that the ball would have pitched before striking or passing the wicket, there will be no information available from that delivery that will allow the ball-tracking technology to accurately predict the height of the ball after pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to determining whether the ball would have hit the wicket under these circumstances, the ball-tracking  technology shall project the line of the ball in accordance with  clause  36.2.3 (it is to be assumed that the path of the ball before interception would have continued  after interception, irrespective of whether the ball might have pitched subsequently or not), and display the simulated path of the ball from directly above the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following paragraph then specifies that the umpire will be shown the line of the ball (i.e. whether it was going towards or besides the wicket only) and that any judgement of height is left to the bowler's end umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-02-24T04:44:36.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17883" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-23T17:56:49.877" Score="3" ViewCount="1421" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/curling/event-schedule-mixed-doubles.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mixed Double&lt;/a&gt; olympic tournaments in Pyeongchang that some team can start the end with the pre-placed stones not in the center position but from a side.&#xA;This is called &quot;Power Play&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the advantage to this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T14:16:20.563" Title="What is the advantage to ask the Power Play in curling?" Tags="|rules|olympics|tactics|curling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17894" CreationDate="2018-02-25T23:15:06.730" Score="3" ViewCount="1952" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been collecting stats for a soccer team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm using definition of assist from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iahsaa.org/soccer/soccerstatmanual.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;soccerstatmanual&lt;/a&gt; which is, &lt;em&gt;an assist is awarded for a pass leading directly to a goal.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two situations I'm looking for answers on,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st Situation&lt;br&gt;&#xA; - player A passes ball to player B&lt;br&gt;&#xA; - player B strikes the ball, shot is blocked&lt;br&gt;&#xA; - player B strikes the ball again and scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you award A with an assist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2nd Situation&lt;br&gt;&#xA; - player X serves the ball&lt;br&gt;&#xA; - player Y strikes the ball off which is deflected by player Z, ball goes into the goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whom gets the assist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14892" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-02-28T09:24:36.883" LastActivityDate="2018-02-28T09:24:36.883" Title="Which player gets the assist in this situation?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-03-02T22:10:42.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17887" CreationDate="2018-02-26T10:37:46.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;However you look at these two situations they are extremely subjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would query the length of the build up here.  If A passes to B who shoots directly, it is blocked and he shoots directly again scoring I would say that A gets the assist.  If however B dribbles first before shooting on either occasion then no assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that all three players are on the same team, and assuming that Z is a goal hungry selfish striker who immediately claims the goal, Y would get the assist.  However, if Z does not claim the goal and it is credited to Y then X gets the assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Z is not on the same team as Y and X then again, it would depend on how the goal is credited.  If it is an own goal then no assist, if it is credited to Y then X with the assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T10:37:46.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17890" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-26T16:06:20.253" Score="2" ViewCount="414" Body="&lt;p&gt;I brought a new cricket bat and took it to nets for knocking in, but the bat acquired a number of roundish cracks as shown in the picture. Is this a serious issue I should I worry about it or it is usual?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KX0Jd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14896" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T16:26:56.413" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T17:07:04.553" Title="Are roundish cracks on a cricket bat a serious issue?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12349" CreationDate="2018-02-26T17:51:55.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you accidentally get the ball in the wrong basket it counts however if it was done on purpose such as a field goal attempt it does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA rule 5 section I part D&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal accidentally scored in an opponent’s basket shall be added to the opponent’s score, credited to the opposing player nearest the player whose actions caused the ball to enter the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.....However.....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBA rule 5 section I part E&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;It is a violation for a player to attempt a field goal at an opponent’s basket. The opposing team will be awarded the ball at the free throw line extended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are essentially the same in &lt;strong&gt;FIBA&lt;/strong&gt; rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;16.2.2.&lt;/strong&gt; If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team’s basket, the goal counts 2&#xA;points and shall be recorded as having been scored by the captain of the opposing&#xA;team on the playing court.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;16.2.3.&lt;/strong&gt; If a player deliberately scores a field goal in his team’s basket, it is a violation and&#xA;the goal does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14898" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T17:51:55.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T08:07:05.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Assists are not part of the Laws of the Game there are a few points to be considered, but they may vary in different competitions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; this is being used for World Cups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;An assist was awarded to the player who had given the last pass to the goalscorer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In addition, also the last but two holder of the ball could get an assist provided that his action had decisive importance for the goal .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After goals from rebounds those players were awarded an assist who had shot on target.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;After goals scored on penalty or by a directly converted free-kick the fouled player received a point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In case that the goalscorer had laid on the goal for himself (dribble, solo run), no assists were awarded.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;No assists were awarded, either, if the goalscorer took advantage of a missed pass by an opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, assuming the info above is correct...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 1:&lt;/strong&gt; Yes, it's an assist&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalscorer received the pass and scored. The first criterion is met since it was the last pass before they scored that goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally the 2nd criterion can be met, if the pass was important for that situation. The goal scorer assisted himself (3rd), but the pass was important enough to still award an assist point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 2:&lt;/strong&gt; Yes, it's an assist&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of how far the ball was deflected and who did it the pass was still important enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the deflection was not far enough to count as (own) goal for that guy the striker would receive the goal point, thus granting the passer that assist (1st). And if the goal counts for the deflecting player, the striker &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; passer may receive an assist (1st and 2nd criteria).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T08:07:05.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17868" CreationDate="2018-02-27T10:44:00.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's affecting the curl of the stone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One sweeper enhances the curl away from the sweeper.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A second sweeper on the other side of the stone would cause the same effect in the opposite direction, which would cancel or reduce the curl (depending on who sweeps more/better). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So depending on who sweeps (or sweeps more than the other sweeper) you can basically steer the stone by giving it more or less curl... so if you need a lot of curling only one sweeper takes action until the stone is on its designated track, while with two sweepers working equally the stone just goes more straight forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T10:44:00.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17841" CreationDate="2018-02-27T16:56:44.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The curling case is very puzzling, as the drug in question is meldonium, which basically allows slightly greater endurance by opening up blood flow and regulating energy in the cells. Even curlers are puzzled about it, as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/winter-olympics/winter-olympics-2018-pyeongchang-meldonium-curling-alexander-krushelnitzky-what-is-it-a8218151.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;evidenced by this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the possible side effects is tachycardia, which would be detrimental to the fine control needed for curling. As the article mentions, beta blockers to slow the heart rate would be much more likely to be used (As they were in golf in a minor fashion, IIRC it was Davis Love that admitted to trying them in the book &lt;a href=&quot;https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0316277371&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A Good Walk Spoiled&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T16:56:44.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17899" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-28T22:39:20.113" Score="3" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;For many many years, elite swimmers (well, actually any swimmer with a big meet) will shave almost everything from their bodies, and serious cyclists will do the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The claim is that shaving reduces drag and thus makes you faster, but has this ever been proven? Or is this merely apocryphal lore?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:04:50.790" Title="Does shaving your legs really matter in swimming/cycling?" Tags="|swimming|cycling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-28T22:51:04.650" Score="3" ViewCount="1408" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was listening to a Sirius NHL broadcast this morning, as they were going through the recap and highlights, they mentioned that a player had gotten a goal that was marked unassisted, as he got his own rebound off the goal post and subsequently scored. (I believe it was Kyle Clifford of the Kings vs the Vegas Golden Nights on 2/27/18, but unsure.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They were surprised that it was recorded unassisted, and as I understand the rules of hockey, if a player gets his own rebound from a shot blocked by the goalie and scores, the assist(s) go to the last one or two players to touch the puck in a contributing manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked at some assist rules and clarifications on the web, but I can't find anything that would suggest that should have been an unassisted goal. Is there a case for this, or was the recording of an unassisted goal in error?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T21:59:33.843" Title="What resets the counter for a hockey assist?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17899" CreationDate="2018-03-01T13:43:59.200" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are not many scientific studies regarding shaving legs and swimming performance but the claim &amp;quot;Shaving reduces drag and thus makes you faster&amp;quot; is &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;supported by&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; study of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2691818&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sharp &amp;amp; Costill (1989)&lt;/a&gt; published in Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, however criticism of that study is &lt;a href=&quot;https://coachrickswimming.com/2015/02/28/more-than-you-want-to-know-about-shaving-and-swim-performance/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;small sample size, equating passive and active drag, etc.&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A group of nine male collegiate swimmers were tested prior and after shaving down, with their performances compared a group of teammates who didn’t shave down. All the swimmers did a 400-yard breaststroke swim at 90% effort as well as a tethered effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shaved group experienced a lower level of blood lactate, decreased VO2, and increased stroke length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a separate group of 9 swimmers who shaved versus 9 who didn’t, “velocity decay” was reduced in the shaved group when it came to doing a streamlined push-off as hard as they could.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hairless swimmers went further, faster, showing that shaving down reduced active drag, “decreasing the physiological cost of swimming.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.yourswimlog.com/shaving-down-swimming/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other related studies regarding shaving and performance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://coachrickswimming.com/2015/02/28/more-than-you-want-to-know-about-shaving-and-swim-performance/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sharp, Hackney, Cain and Ness (1988) did a two-day study of 6 swimmers&lt;/a&gt;. 4 x 200 descend each day with the swimmers shaved on the second day. Blood lactate levels went down by 28% at submaximal speed and 23% at maximal speed. The main criticisms involve the small sample size and the possible interference from back-back lactate sets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1435162&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Study that was more focused on researching the taper aspect&lt;/a&gt; of a swimmer’s meet preparation found that efficiency went up after the swimmers shaved down, with distance per stroke increasing by 5%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://coachrickswimming.com/2015/02/28/more-than-you-want-to-know-about-shaving-and-swim-performance/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indiana University Counsilman Centre conducted a study&lt;/a&gt; aimed at exploring the physical effect of shaving on the perception of cutaneous sensation. Sensation perception was tested before and after shaving with and without wind blowing across the skin. Results showed that shaved skin required only 40% of the wind force for perception when compared to pre-shaved skin. In other words, shaved skin is far more sensitive. The effects of this were hypothesized to improve motor control and efficiency of movement in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many articles also suggest psychological boost of shaving their legs. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.underwateraudio.com/blog/truth-behind-shaving-for-swimming/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.labnews.co.uk/comment/science-lite/shave-shave-25-07-2012/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-01T13:43:59.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17903" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-01T21:40:53.467" Score="1" ViewCount="1926" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the questions during my competitive exam was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to the fundamental rules of basketball, at any time, a maximum of (i).... players from both teams, and a maximum of (ii)... players from each team, are required to be present on the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The options were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;12, 5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;12, 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;10, 5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;14, 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I answered number 3. However, today the official answers were by the organisation, and according to them no. 1 is right answer. Who is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the original question; the correct answer is marked in green:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H4BpY.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H4BpY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14914" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T14:43:05.800" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T18:05:20.267" Title="What is the maximum number of players in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17903" CreationDate="2018-03-01T22:08:06.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As written, (3) is the right answer as 5 players from each team are on the court at any one time. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/OBR2017/Final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 4.2.2 of the FIBA rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During playing time 5 players from each team shall be on the playing court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This obviously means that there are 10 players when you count both teams. However, making half a question &quot;can you add five and five?&quot; seems an obvious error, so I suspect they meant to ask something else. It is possibly worth noting that the limit of players (on and off the court) for one team is 12; quoting Article 4.2.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Each team shall consist of: No more than 12 team members entitled to play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Maybe&lt;/em&gt; this is what the question was meant to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T18:05:20.267" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T18:05:20.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17900" CreationDate="2018-03-02T21:59:33.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have the right idea of an assist. Assists &quot;reset&quot; whenever the other team gains control, meaning that they have the puck on their stick and under control. Rebounds off a player or goalie and shots off the post do not reset assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On issue might be that you were listening to the radio guys so you couldn't actually see the goal. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/lak-vs-vgk/2018/02/27/2017020976#game=2017020976,game_state=final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;If you look here&lt;/a&gt;, you can click the video player and watch both Kings unassisted goals. In both instances, the Kings player (in white) gains control of the puck directly from the Golden Knights players (in dark), and scores without anyone on his team touching it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the radio guys saw it wrong, or it was one of the goals with assists that was corrected after the fact (in the NHL, once the puck drops following a decision the decision is final as far as goal/no goal, but they can adjust who scored it and who got assists at will).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the Knights' first goal by Karlsson looks exactly as you described it. It may have originally been listed as &quot;unassisted&quot;, but as you can see in the box score, is is now listed as assisted from Marchessault and Smith.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T21:59:33.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17646" CreationDate="2018-03-02T22:29:05.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no good answer for this because a  &lt;strong&gt;lot&lt;/strong&gt; of stuff that, by the letter of the law, &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; get penalized is instead let go. It comes down to tradition or culture; it's just how hockey is played in front of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of this is a grey area where officials see &quot;acceptable interference&quot; vs interference that you would penalize. The rule of interference states that any player has the right to his own ice; i.e., the ice that he is standing on and reasonably occupies. Just because someone runs into you and falls over doesn't mean you interfered with them as long as you are maintaining your ice and not moving into their path intentionally. That's why you see a lot of players get in front of an opponent while skating and force them to slow down or change their direction. This is not interference because, again, the player is establishing body position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;56.1&lt;/strong&gt; ... A player is allowed the ice he is standing on &#xA;  (body position) and is not required to move in order &#xA;  to let an opponent proceed. A player may “block” the &#xA;  path of an opponent provided he is in front of his &#xA;  opponent and moving in the same direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When two players are in front of the net, they are often said to be &quot;jockeying for position&quot;. Both players are essentially occupying the same ice, or attempting to establish body position in it. A referee will let pushing and bumping go and not consider it interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It in general becomes a penalty if someone gets crosschecked or tripped or slewfooted or otherwise forcefully knocked to the ice. It becomes interference if instead of general pushing and shoving, you restrain the player by grabbing and pulling with your arm or stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, there's no good answer. Most refs turn a blind eye to most stuff happening in front of the net until it goes too far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T22:29:05.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17910" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T15:39:06.910" Score="1" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Lundqvist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henrik Lundqvist&lt;/a&gt; of New York Rangers made back to back 50 saves in wins against the Vancouver Canucks and Calgary Flames in the 2017-18 season of the NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;50 save games are impressive feats for goalies, and are not that common during the regular season. This makes me wonder, how many times in the regular season a goalie has made back to back (at least) 50 saves in NHL history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T17:02:31.717" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T17:02:31.717" Title="NHL goalies with back to back 50 save regular season games" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17911" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T15:59:13.887" Score="0" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 4 major sports leagues in North America: NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL. The teams, also known as the franchises, in the league don't change. The only exceptions are when a team moves to a different city (still the same franchise) and when the league expands by adding more teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very different to European football leagues where promotion and relegation is practiced. A small number of teams that finish last in a season are relegated to the lower league, and the top teams of the lower league are promoted to replace them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been a time where the North American major leagues practiced promotion and relegation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T08:53:48.377" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T08:53:48.377" Title="Has Promotion and Relegation been used in North American Major Leagues" Tags="|history|promotions|relegations|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2018-03-05T18:31:33.130" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17910" CreationDate="2018-03-03T17:00:43.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that different sources give a bit different information sources on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Directly on the NHL website there is article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-rangers-calgary-flames-game-recap/c-296563440&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lundqvist makes 50 saves in second straight start, Rangers top Flames&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180303165134/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-rangers-calgary-flames-game-recap/c-296563440&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&#xA;which mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lundqvist, who turned 36 on Friday, is the first goaltender in NHL history to win consecutive games with 50 or more saves since the stat was first tracked in 1955-56.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you can find several sources mentioning &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gump_Worsley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gump Worsley&lt;/a&gt; - basically you can simply search &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=Gump+Worsley+Henrik+Lundqvist+50+saves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for the names of these two goaltenders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several of them cite &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ESPNStatsInfo/status/969809081857961984&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this tweet&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180303165955/https://twitter.com/ESPNStatsInfo/status/969809081857961984&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) from ESPNStatsInfo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to @EliasSports, Henrik Lundqvist is the first NHL goalie to make 50+ saves in two straight personal appearances since Gump Worsley of the Rangers did it on Jan. 27 and 30, 1963.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was not sure where to find some reliable statistics that could confirm Worsley's concecutive 50-saves games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T17:00:43.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16848" CreationDate="2018-03-03T22:16:16.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it is practically unlikely that we get the most genuine reason, the only thing left for us is to speculate. And by combining the network consensus I am posting a community wiki answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Columbia and Chile are out of order and should be switched but it could be an oversight because both countries begin with C. - &lt;em&gt;Observation by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/13924/jacob-shetler&quot;&gt;Jacob Shetler&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Argentina should go first alphabetically, but the host is USA, so the designers probably simply decided to switch them - &lt;em&gt;Observed by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/11439/fedorqui&quot;&gt;fedorqui&lt;/a&gt; and corrected by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/12991/gdrt&quot;&gt;gdrt&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T22:16:16.757" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-03-03T22:16:16.757" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17551" CreationDate="2018-03-04T16:09:42.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously it would be hard to discover the true motives behind Neymar decision, but a theory commonly held &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2017/aug/02/neymar-psg-barcelona-lionel-messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in media&lt;/a&gt; is that &lt;strong&gt;in Barcelona Neymar is overshadowed by Lionel Messi&lt;/strong&gt; (who since 2008 is, together with Cristiano Ronaldo, the only to be considered &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:FIFA_Player_of_the_Year&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the best player in each year by FIFA&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neymar#Comparisons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Comparisons between the two players are common&lt;/a&gt;, and even Neymar accepted that Messi is the better one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Messi is above everyone, there is no use comparing me with him. [...] He is the best player in the world and I always get inspired when I watch good football&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some indications of this in what some soccer players said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brazilian player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani_Alves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dani Alves&lt;/a&gt;, now Neymar's teammate in PSG, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-5324603/Neymar-step-Messis-shadow-says-Dani-Alves.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;said that Neymar should step out from Messi shadow&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The thing is, he had to come out of his [Messi] shadow a little. Playing with someone as unique as Leo is the most incredible thing that can happen to you, but there’s always that doubt in your mind if it’s you that really has the quality or if it’s him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Alves also stated that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efe.com/efe/english/sports/neymar-needed-out-from-under-messi-s-shadow-psg-alves-says/50000266-3507417&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;both him and Neymar seek to win the Champions League&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so for him this is another reason why Neymar joined PSG (although the chances of winning the Champions League in a team with Messi would theoretically be higher):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's our main goal. It's what Neymar was thinking when he left Barça and it's what I was thinking when I left Juve. That's what moves us&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.90min.com/posts/5329054-pique-admits-neymar-will-forever-remain-in-messi-s-shadow-while-both-are-at-barcelona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona player Gerard Pique&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Neymar cannot be the protagonist at Barcelona, because the best will always be Messi, always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Messi's shadow &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.beinsports.com/us/laliga/news/henry-neymar-still-under-messis-shadow/796926&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is also mentioned by Thierry Henry&lt;/a&gt;, although he stated that he doesn't know if that was the reason why Neymar left Barcelona:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't know if Neymar left Barcelona to get out of Messi's shadow. What is true is that all players are in Messi's shadow, and if Neymar doesn't want to be, he should change sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14926" LastEditorUserId="14926" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T16:30:05.463" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T16:30:05.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7185" CreationDate="2018-03-04T23:39:43.883" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports science actually &quot;tested&quot; this: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sP8ZVWiZUMA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sP8ZVWiZUMA&lt;/a&gt;. They grabbed a professional sumo wrestler and dressed him up in goalie gear (even managing to put his leg pads on the wrong legs). They had NHL player George Parros shoot on him; they note in the video that Parros is not really known for scoring. This is true, and any average NHL scorer would demolish the goalie even more than Parros did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact of the matter comes down to how accurate NHL players truly are with their shots. The puck is incredibly small and can find even the smallest holes when on the stick of a sharpshooter. Goalies need to be agile and mobile, and even when they had two large people in net at the end of the video, Parros was able to snipe the &quot;5 hole&quot; of a mega-goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T23:39:43.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17919" CreationDate="2018-03-05T05:40:51.600" Score="5" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a foul occurs in snooker, they use &quot;instant replay&quot; or whatever to put the balls back in their original position if the opponent wants the shooter to try again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did they do this before TV? I mean, if the cue ball didn't touch anything, I could see both players agreeing on where it was, but sometimes many balls are moved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, what happened if the players could not agree on the spot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12214" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:06:18.863" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:06:18.863" Title="Snooker fouls before tv" Tags="|snooker|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17918" CreationDate="2018-03-05T07:02:32.353" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee does the replacement in the same way every official has ever made a decision before TV replays regardless of the sport. They use their memory and their knowledge and the game-specific techniques they are trained in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The snooker referee is only required to replace &quot;the ones that matter&quot;. Obviously the cue ball counts, and any object balls that were close to its intended path or that have moved into an advantageous position as a result of the foul. A good referee notes in their mind the placement of the cue ball relative to landmarks on the table or in the venue, and where key object balls were placed relatively to the cue ball and similar landmarks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having made the replacement, they ask players if the arrangement is correct, and players may indicate (but not move) balls that need further correction. The referee holds the final decision in the case that players disagree with each other or with the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without a referee, of course, it is upto players to determine together where the balls should be placed, and local rules or specific competitions will have a method of resolving disagreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T07:02:32.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17795" CreationDate="2018-03-05T14:01:25.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIBA rules, and assuming no other event caused a jump ball situation, then the possession at the beginning of the next periods would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;team A wins Jump:&#xA;Team B starts 2nd period.&#xA;Team A Starts 3rd period.&#xA;Team B Starts 4th period.&#xA;(Not A, B, B, A) as claimed in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There are 2 reasons why winning the tip is useful&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;leading versus chasing (can be considered an advantage, first to score)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as teams alternate possession and therefore the chance to shoot, the clock in that period counts down.  It can be that Team A began the period  and also had the last chance to shoot in a period. Uneven number of possessions. &#xA;Jump ball situations normally do happen so the right to start the last period may end up team A again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;having first possession is a small advantage&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T14:01:25.650" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17206" CreationDate="2018-03-05T14:24:23.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point of the video from Rio 2016, where the new OCT 2017 rule DID NOT yet apply, was to highlight a call that was correct but now would be considered incorrect. The lay up in your video IS a LEGAL play as of Oct 2017.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Important emphasis for the new rules is the player was shooting, not dribbling.&#xA;The pass receiver uses 1 step to gather (Step 0) then takes 2 steps before shooting. Now &lt;strong&gt;LEGAL&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player dribbled AFTER his second step it would be considered a travel.&#xA;But he didn't dribble, he took a shot or pass, and this is OK as of OCT 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZu5iE7yrPI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The best video from Rio 2016 is the D. Jordan Dribble, Dunk.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video highlights beautifully how something that was illegal in 2016 is now 100% legal in 1 flow.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It has a valid dribble followed by valid shot (no travel) in one flow with the maximum number of steps allowed.  All will be clear after watching the video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2018-03-05T21:02:03.670" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T21:02:03.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17939" CreationDate="2018-03-05T16:24:23.073" Score="6" ViewCount="533" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the greatest number of runners ever to have gone below 10s in a single 100m race? Has there ever been an instance of &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; runners getting below 10s?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just found that at the 2012 Olympics it would have been all eight except that Asafa Powell pulled a muscle half way through. So seven is the highest number I know of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-03-09T13:01:27.857" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T11:01:11.570" Title="Most runners under 10s in a single 100m race?" Tags="|records|running|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-06T04:23:11.483" Score="-2" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many &lt;a href=&quot;http://gadgetsandwearables.com/2018/02/02/soccer-training-sensor/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dedicated sensors available&lt;/a&gt; for soccer games and major clubs have stated to use them. Are all these sensors (as listed in the link) approved by FIFA? I know that FIFA has approved &lt;strong&gt;Goal Line&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;VAR&lt;/strong&gt; technology recently. I want to know the list of sensors that are approved by FIFA till now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13453" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T13:06:00.867" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T09:02:54.123" Title="FIFA approved sensors for Soccer" Tags="|football|technology|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17924" CreationDate="2018-03-06T07:46:12.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-players-equipment/chapters/other-equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the game&lt;/a&gt; allow only specific gear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players (including substitutes/substituted and sent off players) are&#xA;  not permitted to wear or use any form of electronic or communication&#xA;  equipment (except where &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/epts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPTS&lt;/a&gt;* is allowed). The use of any form of&#xA;  electronic communication by team officials is not permitted except&#xA;  where it directly relates to player welfare or safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; Electronic performance and tracking systems&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if EPTS are allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where wearable technology (WT) as part of electronic performance and&#xA;  tracking systems (EPTS) is used in matches played in an official&#xA;  competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, confederations or&#xA;  national football associations, the technology attached to the&#xA;  player’s equipment must bear the following mark: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RAnOD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RAnOD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So (except for health and safety devices) only EPTS devices are allowed in certain competitions and they must have that mark. Anything else is forbidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T07:46:12.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17926" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17928" CreationDate="2018-03-06T20:47:43.413" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other than a forward's plus-minus rating, what are some other indicators that he is an asset to his team for being a defensive forward?  I imagine hits would be one.  PIM seems like it would be a detriment.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T00:20:14.427" Title="Statistical Indicators for Defensive Forward" Tags="|statistics|nhl|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17926" CreationDate="2018-03-07T00:20:14.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest statistical indicators of a defensive forward in the NHL are going to be some new advanced &quot;fancy stats&quot; that have been taking the NHL by storm recently. The two main ones for players are Corsi and Fenwick, which are actually very simple. Corsi is just a player's +/- for shot attempts, and Fenwick is just a player's +/- for shot attempts not counting blocked shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can do a bunch of neat things with them, like finding someones Corsi%, which is their Corsi For / (Corsi For + Corsi Against); here, Corsi For is shot attempts that the player's team took when he was on the ice, and Corsi against is shot attempts made by the other team when he was on the ice. Another useful thing to look at is a player's Corsi when the game is &quot;close&quot;, meaning that it's within 1 goal. Player usage changes when teams start to get large leads and it skews stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Corsi% is very useful at finding efficient players; however, it weighs offensive and defensive contributions the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing you can look at also is called Zone Starts. If a forward routinely gets sent onto the ice when the faceoff is in his own zone then perhaps his coach views him to be good defensively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, Takeaways is also a good stat to view; whether or not a player is adept at taking the puck from the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These can all be found on NHL.com's stat page if you go to &quot;Players&quot; and then under the &quot;Report&quot; drop down menu, select what category you're interested in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T00:20:14.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17932" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-08T17:05:11.103" Score="1" ViewCount="5497" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose I am setting up a basketball league or tournament, or following one. Is there a formula to determine the number of games each individual team will play in a regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this work for say, eleven teams in a competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14945" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-03-09T21:29:17.627" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T21:35:09.107" Title="Is there a formula to find how many games a team will play in a competition?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="12" ClosedDate="2018-03-10T04:27:18.993" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17932" CreationDate="2018-03-08T18:18:48.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the competition is a single round-robin each team plays each other team once. The number of games played by each team is one less than the number of teams. For example, 11 - 1 = 10 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A home-and-away competition or a double round-robin repeats this. The number of games is twice that for a single round, for example 2 × 10 = 20 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that for an odd number of teams, each team will have one bye per round, adding an additional week of competition per round (assuming one game is played per week).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-03-09T21:35:09.107" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T21:35:09.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17795" CreationDate="2018-03-08T19:17:19.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at probability models there is a weight on importance of each quarter of the game.  The 4th quarter has almost a 40% impact on the game (when it should be 25%).   I don't remember the exact percentage and it wasn't memorable but having an extra possession in the 4th quarter led to an increase in win probability in close games - threshold is 10 points I think -  and a substantial increase in probability in even games.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the tip off means almost nothing to stat geeks that work for teams for the first quarter possession but the 4th quarter possession is valued so high that it makes it an important thing for a lot of teams.  Now there are still a lot of NBA teams that half-ass the tipoff because they aren't looking for the .85% (just making that up) edge but other teams do care.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this is more of a comment but just too long but maybe someone can reference the MIT article that I read about this a few years ago.  But to sum it up the later in the game you get the more valuable possessions are in their correlation to win probability and you can't get later than the 4th quarter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other leagues - not NBA - that us alternating possessions the tip off is even more important because it is a half possession advantage per game.  Any coach would want a .55 point lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T19:17:19.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16786" CreationDate="2018-03-08T20:50:18.913" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Live ball, no out.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;From MLB (6.09)(a)(4) When the Batter Becomes a Runner&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fair ball, after having passed a fielder other than the pitcher, or after having been touched by a fielder, including the pitcher, shall touch an umpire or runner on fair territory;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14946" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T20:50:18.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2995" CreationDate="2018-03-08T22:07:10.623" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with just about any sports activity, part of the answer boils down to money. If nobody watches, there's no money. And, if 95% of a swim race were to happen underwater, as it would if this rule didn't exist, even fewer people would watch swimming than already do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the Olympics are nominally an &quot;amateur&quot; event, they have become pretty much like all other televised sports events and, sadly, that means money is a factor. Since the Olympics are probably THE most watched swimming contests in the world, they tend to dictate the rules that everyone else follows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sort of like when the Indy 500 effectively banned turbine engines back in the 70s by limiting the size of the intake so much that no turbine could function. If that rule hadn't been implemented, everybody would have run turbine engines starting in 1968. Same in swimming - if this resurfacing rule didn't exist, everybody would just swim entire laps under water using the fish kick. Not much fun to watch. . . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14947" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T22:07:10.623" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17932" CreationDate="2018-03-09T08:45:43.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Nijs answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a &lt;strong&gt;single elimination&lt;/strong&gt; tournament (playoff style) the number of games are &lt;strong&gt;X-1&lt;/strong&gt; (X being the number of participants) and &lt;strong&gt;2^Y&lt;/strong&gt; per participant (or less - see below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets say with &lt;strong&gt;16&lt;/strong&gt; participating teams you'd have &lt;strong&gt;15 games&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; games in round 1 + &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; in round 2 + &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; semi finals + &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; final = &lt;strong&gt;15 games&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That calculations works as well with an odd number of teams where you'll need byes to fill the tournament tree:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11 teams&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; games (and 5 byes) + &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; games + &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; semi finals + &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; final = &lt;strong&gt;10 games&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Need to calculate the byes? Simply round up to next next Power of 2 (in this case 16) and subtract the number of teams from it: 16 - 11 = 5.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of games each participant has can be calculated by using the Power of 2:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Round &lt;em&gt;up&lt;/em&gt; to the next Power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.), so with 11 participants you need to calculate with 16 &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For example &lt;strong&gt;8 participants&lt;/strong&gt; = 2^3 = &lt;strong&gt;3 games&lt;/strong&gt; per team and &lt;strong&gt;16&lt;/strong&gt; (rounded up from 11) = 2^4 = &lt;strong&gt;4 games&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are exceptions:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;getting eliminated early&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;byes (with 11 teams a tournament of 16 requires 5 byes = 5 teams with one less game)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-03-09T08:51:02.313" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T08:51:02.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17922" CreationDate="2018-03-09T12:33:06.887" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I went through the IAAF site and checked the list of senior outdoor results on 100 metres men over years from 2001 until 2018 (for example, see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/sprints/100-metres/outdoor/men/senior/2016?regionType=world&amp;amp;timing=electronic&amp;amp;windReading=regular&amp;amp;page=1&amp;amp;bestResultsOnly=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;results from 2016&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering those, I checked the worst position of a runner when running below 10 s, which means that that amount of people ran below that time. These are the results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On 5 times, 6 men ran below 10 s&lt;/strong&gt; (see the &lt;em&gt;6&lt;/em&gt; before the city where the championship was held; it represents the position):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9.98  +0.1    Tracey, Tyquendo                JAM       9.98    6  21 JUL 2018&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9.96  +0.2    Ben Youssef MEITÉ   11 NOV 1986 CIV CIV 6       Rio de Janeiro (BRA)    14 AUG 2016&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9.98  +1.5    Richard THOMPSON    07 JUN 1985 TTO TTO 6       London (GBR)    27 JUL 2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9.97  +1.3    Justin GATLIN   10 FEB 1982 USA USA 6       Eugene (USA)    04 JUN 2011&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9.97  0.0 Michael FRATER  06 OCT 1982 JAM JAM 6       Beijing (CHN)   16 AUG 2008&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened in these races (by order of representation of the result, with a link to the IAAF result page):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.letsrun.com/news/2018/07/schedule-entries-results-2018-muller-anniversary-games-2018-london-diamond-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;London Anniversary Games 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2016/the-xxxi-olympic-games-5771/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rio 2016&lt;/a&gt; (Olympic Games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2012/the-xxx-olympic-games-4871/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;London 2012&lt;/a&gt; (Olympic Games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/diamond-league-meetings/2011/prefontaine-classic-4736/men/100-metres/final/result#resultheader&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eugene 2011&lt;/a&gt; (Prefontaine Classic)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2008/the-xxix-olympic-games-3659/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beijing 2008&lt;/a&gt; (Olympic Games)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2012 Tyson Gay was 4th on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres#Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Games final&lt;/a&gt; with 9.80, only that he was later on disqualified. His result was making that race the fastest ever, since 7 runners ran below 10 s. After his disqualification, this race is in a draw position with the other three races, all of them with 6 men below 10 s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres#Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988 Seoul's World Championships&lt;/a&gt; four men ran below 10 s, only that Ben Johnson was later on disqualified. Being considered the &lt;em&gt;dirtiest race in history&lt;/em&gt;, Wikipedia says for Linford Christie's result that &lt;em&gt;This was the first time anyone had broken ten seconds and finished third&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, these are very fast races for more runners in the race:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.00 -0.5    Jimmy VICAUT    27 FEB 1992 FRA FRA 8       Beijing (CHN)   23 AUG 2015&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.01 +0.6    Nesta CARTER    10 NOV 1985 JAM JAM 7       Bruxelles (BEL) 05 SEP 2014&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.01 +1.3    Richard THOMPSON    07 JUN 1985 TTO TTO 7       Eugene (USA)    04 JUN 2011&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.00 +0.9    Jaysuma SAIDY NDURE 01 JUL 1984 NOR NOR 7       Rieti (ITA) 29 AUG 2010&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.00 +0.9    Marc BURNS  07 JAN 1983 TTO TTO 7       Berlin (GER)    16 AUG 2009&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.00 +0.6    Kim COLLINS 05 APR 1976 SKN SKN 6       Athina (GRE)    22 AUG 2004&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, in all of these, the result of the 7th runner was 10.00 (10.01 for 2011's result). Strangely enough, in Beijing 3 people ran on 10.00: 6th, 7th and 8th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened in these races (by order of representation of the result, with a link to the IAAF result page):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics/2015/15th-iaaf-world-championships-4875/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beijing 2015&lt;/a&gt; (World Championships)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eugene 2011 (link above) (Prefontaine Classic)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/diamond-league-meetings/2014/memorial-van-damme-5379/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bruxelles 2010&lt;/a&gt; (Memorial Van Damme)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-challenge-meetings/2010/rieti-2010-4436/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rieti 2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics/2009/12th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3658/men/100-metres/final/result#resultheader&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Berlin 2009&lt;/a&gt; (World Championships)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2004/28th-olympic-games-3201/men/100-metres/final/result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Athina 2004&lt;/a&gt; (Olympic Games) &lt;sub&gt; I am adding this since I find relevant that such a result happened years before the blooming of the Usain Bolt era &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to see how big was the impact of Usain Bolt: before his appearence, no more than 10 results would be below 10 s in a year. From his years, now the number is bigger than 50 even on odd years (that is, without World Championships nor Olympic Games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if some open data source exists with all this data to do some mining, likewise for &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16554/11439&quot;&gt;ATP &amp;amp; WTA&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T11:01:11.570" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T11:01:11.570" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17943" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17944" CreationDate="2018-03-10T15:34:04.693" Score="1" ViewCount="827" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wondering because if the batsman hits his own stumps, most of the time it isn't directly due to the bowler. Hit wicket in on itself is a fairly rare form of dismissal anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T15:42:46.700" Title="If the batsman gets out hit wicket, but the bowler bowls a no ball, is the wicket rescinded?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17943" CreationDate="2018-03-10T15:42:46.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, never mind. Law 21.18 states that hit wicket is not one of the select four forms of batsman dismissal that can occur on a no ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T15:42:46.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17952" CreationDate="2018-03-11T13:51:00.883" Score="0" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's something I've always wondered about. I, myself, do not like to see players and sometimes even whole teams use the Laws to their advantage. In other sports, notably football (soccer), playing by the spirit of the game is much less of an issue.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T04:24:03.257" Title="Why is playing to the spirit of the game considered so important in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-03-12T08:36:13.150" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16764" CreationDate="2018-03-11T15:07:55.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the last sentence in his reference to the Laws of the Game by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16772/12991&quot;&gt;@Philip&lt;/a&gt; in his answer still wasn't crystal clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a penalty kick is awarded if this is a direct free kick offence within&#xA;  the offender’s penalty area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have emailed IFAB to ask for their interpretation and I got an answer from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Elleray&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dr. David Roland Elleray MBE&lt;/a&gt; himself, Technical Director of The IFAB. With his kind permission I am now publishing it here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dear Gudrat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As contained in the revision of the Laws for 2016/17 (and extended in&#xA;  scope for 2017/18) it states in Law 12 that if a player commits an&#xA;  offence against an opponent off the field of play (with the ball in&#xA;  play) the referee awards a free kick on the boundary line closest to&#xA;  where the offence occurred. The free kick is direct or indirect&#xA;  depending on the offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the offence is one punishable by a direct free kick and &lt;strong&gt;the point&#xA;  on the boundary line is within the offender’s penalty area then a&#xA;  penalty kick is awarded.&lt;/strong&gt; [&lt;em&gt;emphasized by me&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I hope this clarifies matters for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Best wishes&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  David Elleray&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Technical Director of The IFAB&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T18:12:03.463" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T18:12:03.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-11T15:45:38.393" Score="1" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a ground ball to the shortstop, the 1st baseman was pulled off bag toward home, but still had time to get back to bag. However, the first baseman instead tagged the runner with excessive force in the face. The first baseman should be ejected for malicious contact but is the runner then safe at first or does the out stand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14958" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-11T16:58:19.447" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T15:28:42.043" Title="Does the out count after a malicious tag in baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17890" CreationDate="2018-03-11T16:46:21.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're serious about keeping up cricket as a hobby, it might serve you well to think about oiling it with a thin rag to make sure cracks like this don't appear. Cracks like this won't cause any significant impacts but to avoid larger ones, oil it up. After oiling it, leave it for about 12 hours then gently tap it with a mallet to smooth out any raised areas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T16:46:21.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17994" CreationDate="2018-03-11T19:44:57.140" Score="0" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for the list of names and scores for the competitors in the 2012 European Junior Weightlifting Championships 85kg A Class&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmAEMcSGiPo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmAEMcSGiPo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I managed to reverse image search a screenshot of the dolphin in the background to find this site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifting.co.il/category/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8-2012-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lifting.co.il/category/אליפות-אירופה-לנוער-2012-אילת&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it only goes back to 2013:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0pXu6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0pXu6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the actual results?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14856" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-16T11:34:32.183" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T19:43:35.107" Title="What were the results of the 2012 European Junior Weightlifting Championships 85kg A Class?" Tags="|statistics|tournaments|weightlifting|championship|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17945" CreationDate="2018-03-11T20:17:14.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its viewed by the organisations in charge that the spirit of the game is an important part of history and what makes Cricket different and so players, officials and organisers are encouraged to support the spirit of the game to keep crickets special place in society.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T20:17:14.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17951" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-12T04:01:11.297" Score="1" ViewCount="513" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regular 8 call pocket pool you are on the 8 ball for the win. You call your pocket. You shoot and hit the 8 ball. It's going for the pocket you called, but hits another ball on the way and still goes in the pocket that was called. Do you lose the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14960" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T06:01:14.130" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T06:01:14.130" Title="Do you lose in 8 ball pool if the 8 ball hits another ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-03-12T08:37:08.020" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17945" CreationDate="2018-03-12T04:24:03.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket was a game formed in England by the gentry. The English have a long and strong historic tradition of &lt;em&gt;being the better man&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ethos of playing the game for the game's own sake was reflected in many sports of English origin, notably football and field hockey - early rule books of these sports exhorted players to adhere to the spirit of the game and of fair play as late as the 1920s and 1930s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket is not exceptional in this regard in the modern era of sports either. The Pyeongchang Winter Olympics 2018 were marred by controversy in its curling competition after one team chose an entirely valid and legitimate penalty instead of a less useful one, solely because this choice was so far outside the expectations of politeness and good manners within the game. To a lesser extent this politeness exists in golf, related by culture to both curling and cricket, and reflects a similar cultural pride in &quot;doing one's best regardless of the result&quot;. Ultimate (frisbee) requires adherence to the spirit of  the game for a game to even proceed, in the deliberate absence of referees and umpires to control violations of rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, cricket (and other sports with such an attitude) treat it as important because they have always treated it as important, and the basis of this importance stems from wider cultural attitudes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T04:24:03.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17883" CreationDate="2018-03-12T07:03:52.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;By having the stone in the house and the guard in the corner and not in the center it is more likely that the team with the hammer will be able to score 2 or more points and therefore will not attempt blanking the end. That in turn makes the game more exciting for fans. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T07:03:52.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17792" CreationDate="2018-03-12T07:14:28.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;at both the 1992 winter and summer olympics the countries from the former soviet union competed as the unified team. The unified team competed in the following team sports. &#xA;Ice Hockey (1992 winter olympics)&#xA;Basketball (1992 summer olympics) (men's and women's)&#xA;Handball (1992 summer olympics) (men's and women's)&#xA;Field Hockey (1992 summer olympics) (men's)&#xA;Volleyball (1992 summer olympics) (men's and women's)&#xA;Water Polo (1992 summer olympics)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T07:14:28.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17955" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-12T12:38:54.440" Score="0" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;if I call my pocket for an 8 ball shot. I shoot my 8ball toward the pocket. its going toward the pocket but hits another ball that's on the table and still goes in do you lose the game.  not a combo shot to make the 8ball  it just hits it on the way &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14962" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T12:38:54.440" Title="8 ball hitting another ball in a game of pool" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-03-12T12:44:43.250" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17883" CreationDate="2018-03-12T14:16:20.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two &quot;classical&quot; strategies in Curling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) With the hammer (i.e. the right to play the last stone in the end), your goal is to draw the game to the side of the house, so that at the end you can &quot;easily&quot; place your last stone in the house (hoping to score more than one point).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Without the hammer, you try keep the play near the centre of the house, ideally with a centre guard in front, aiming at limiting the opponent to only one stone or even &quot;steal&quot; a stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The normal set-up in Mixed-Doubles is a centre guard and one stone in the house. If you play a good first stone (which means you do not have the hammer), you position yourself in the house behind a guard, the ideal start if you want to steal. Thus the normal set-up gives a slight favour to the team without the hammer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both teams can once in a match choose to have the &quot;power play&quot; set up when they have the hammer. Thus starting the game with the &quot;classical&quot; corner guard and keeping the centre clear. The idea is then of course to score at least two stones in this end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often this is actually done and how high the success rate is I cannot say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14963" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T14:16:20.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17427" CreationDate="2018-03-12T17:48:30.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Statistics is a very demanding job. Not only do you have to give points for every stone, you also register the type of stone (draw, take out …), the curl (in or out-turn) and place the stone in the house for the shot-by-shot coverage you will find for many of the major competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are guidelines (mostly by the providers of the statistics software) how to give the points for each stone. Most important is what was intended, how (well) was this achieved and could the player have done better. You also need to consider the other stone in play. Is there a guard you could hide behind, should this have been a freeze, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your specific example you would probably give 3 or 4 points. As a rough guideline you can say, ‘be in favour of the player’. You are right, you do not know which is closer, but you also do not know what will happen with the next stones. The question ‘will this stone give a point at the end’ is only relevant for the last stone of the end, for the others it is ‘was the stone played as intended’. So in your case the objective being a draw into the house (achieved) and laying shot (not clear), you will never get 0 points, most likely, as I said, 3 or 4 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also have viewing limitations, when doing the stats you will almost never be able to see the house from the top like this, you always have a slant view. You are seated behind the coaches, media and timers, as high up as possible, you do have the best view in the arena but you also have to work hard for it ;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No statistic is completely neutral and objective, you will find many occasions where players would get different points from different people doing the stats. However in general you would expect these differences to average out over a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14963" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:48:30.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17968" CreationDate="2018-03-12T21:36:05.647" Score="3" ViewCount="5226" Body="&lt;p&gt;The events in a hypothetical football match are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;45 mins - half-time (score 1-1)&#xA;&lt;li&gt;90 mins - end of normal time (score 2-2)&#xA;&lt;li&gt;120 mins - after extra time (score 3-2)&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be correct to say that score was 2-2 at full-time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T00:16:50.257" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:44:19.347" Title="When a football match goes to extra time, when is full time?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17959" CreationDate="2018-03-13T00:56:05.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no reference to specific term to be used in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, especially in the &lt;em&gt;Law 7: the Duration of the Match&lt;/em&gt;. Your best bet would be to refer to the rules/regulations of the particular tournament that you're interested in, but again it's unlikely that any tournament rules would include such terminology definitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answering your question, I would say yes.&lt;/strong&gt; By &lt;em&gt;&quot;full-time&quot;&lt;/em&gt; people usually mean the score at the end of 90 minutes but it adds some ambiguity, so the terms &lt;em&gt;&quot;regulation time&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;the end of regulation time&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are more preferred. Here's the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football_(soccer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WikiPedia&lt;/a&gt; article explaining respective terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To refer to the end of 120 minutes, people use &lt;em&gt;&quot;after extra time&quot; (a.e.t.)&lt;/em&gt;. Here's an example from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2014/matches/round=2000483/match=2011883/index.html#/iv/history/match/2011883&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League 2013/14 Final match report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To refer to the end of game after 120 minutes and penalty shootouts, people use &lt;em&gt;&quot;after penalties&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;on penalties&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Here's an example from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2016/matches/round=2000638/match=2015789/index.html#/iv/history/match/2015789&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League 2015/16 Final match report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, there's no central repository which stores respective definitions of minor football terms. In Russian, for instance, to refer to the end of 90 minutes people mostly use &lt;em&gt;&quot;в конце основного времени&quot;&lt;/em&gt; which means &lt;em&gt;&quot;at the end of main time&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, so what I'm saying is such non-regulated terms can have many different forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T13:44:19.347" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:44:19.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17962" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-13T04:22:25.260" Score="1" ViewCount="933" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking for some statistics for research reasons on past game history and stumbled upon &quot;Predicted Score&quot;. Then, I decided to try to figure out how this statistic is being calculated and could not find any search for the answer, and it brought me here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case: &quot;Predicted Score (65.2 - 78.4)&quot; where the 65.2 is the current spread favorite at -1.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is this number being calculated? A computer using stats, experts, ratio of bets placed?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would that mean the favorite is actually a 13.2 point underdog?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14968" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T03:21:20.857" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T03:21:20.857" Title="How is the Odds Shark &quot;Predicted Score&quot; calculated?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17965" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-13T15:14:25.263" Score="-1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;When batting team needs 4 runs for victory, batsman playing and ball going for boundaries but not completed the boundary the batsman took the stump for enjoying victory. Is that boundary is valid ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14971" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-12T08:34:28.953" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T08:34:28.953" Title="What happens if players prematurely celebrate victory in a cricket match?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17947" CreationDate="2018-03-13T15:28:42.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This scenario does not appear to be presented in the MLB Rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the act of tagging was successful, the batter would be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the force of the tag warrants Unsportsmanlike Conduct, he would be ejected at the discretion of the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T15:28:42.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17959" CreationDate="2018-03-13T16:28:26.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the following statements would be correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The score was 2-2 at full time &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt; The score was 2-2 at the end of regulation time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The score was 3-2 at the end of extra time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a quote from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football_(soccer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; for terms used to describe overtime in sports: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In association football knock-out competitions or competition stages, teams play an extra 30 minutes, called extra time, when the deciding leg (or replay of a tie) has not produced a winner by the end of regulation or full-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now of course, there are plently of different valid ways of referring to the score at either the end of regulation or extra time and there isn't a single correct way, but at least with these terms people will probably know what you are talking about and not be confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T16:28:26.557" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17965" CreationDate="2018-03-13T18:30:44.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball didn't get the boundary. Of course it isn't valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman isn't necessarily out either, but may have issues with Law 37 &lt;em&gt;Obstructing the field&lt;/em&gt; and Law 41 &lt;em&gt;Unfair play&lt;/em&gt;, especially 41.19 &lt;em&gt;Unfair actions&lt;/em&gt;, if their actions caused the fielders to be disadvantaged in attempting to return the ball to the stumps or to obtain a runout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game is not over either. In the absence of prior offences of this type, the umpires are likely to call the ball dead, give a warning to the batting team's captain, award the runs obtained by the batsman up to that point, and continue the game normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T18:30:44.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17971" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17973" CreationDate="2018-03-13T20:30:06.710" Score="0" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for ice cross downhill competitions for amateurs.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I am not a professional ice skater, and not a professional hockey player.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But I like ice skating very much, and also I like to compete.&#xA;There are very interesting and inspirational competitions - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.redbull.com/us-en/tags/ice-cross-downhill&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Red Bull Crashed Ice (Ice cross downhill)&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JrqX9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JrqX9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Is there (in Europe) such a competitions just for amateurs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14973" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T11:21:49.800" Title="Ice cross downhill competitions for amateurs?" Tags="|ice-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-14T04:36:12.683" Score="3" ViewCount="1216" Body="&lt;p&gt;To qualify for an NBA retirement pension you need to have played at least three seasons in the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the last date a player can join a team during the season, and still get credit for that season with respect to pension qualification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14976" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T09:14:45.967" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T13:37:36.457" Title="How much of a season must be played for it to count under an NBA pension?" Tags="|trivia|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17971" CreationDate="2018-03-14T11:21:49.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://crashedice.redbull.com/en_FR/article/becoming-ice-cross-downhill-athlete&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; is a good reference for amateurs interested in this sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atsx.org/races&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; are the scheduled events. Although you missed this season completely it serves as a reference for possible future races. So yes, there are races in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Riders Cup is particularly interesting for you, since that one is designed especially for athletes new to the sport. It's not exclusive to amateurs, since pros can as well participate, but it's as close as you can get to starting off with this sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Riders Cup&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Riders Cup was created to make the sport of Ice Cross&#xA;  Downhill more accessible to more athletes (male/female) worldwide. The&#xA;  races are open to all comers and give athletes an introduction to the&#xA;  sport under competitive conditions. The Riders Cup races are also open&#xA;  to the top athletes of the sport as well, who can earn valuable world&#xA;  championship points. The Riders Cup champion will be crowned at the&#xA;  end of the season, and all official Riders Cup races count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T11:21:49.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17972" CreationDate="2018-03-14T13:14:17.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How much of a season must be played for it to count under an NBA pension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have signed a contract for a team for at least one day, you will be credited with a year of NBA service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the last date a player can join a team during the season, and still get credit for that season with respect to pension qualification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;February 2nd, but this explicitly applies to 10-Day and Two-Way contracts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Years of Service&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2017 NBA CBA &lt;a href=&quot;https://atlhawksfanatic.github.io/NBA-CBA/definitions.html#definitions.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defines&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Years of Service&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Years of Service” means the number of years of NBA service credited to a player in accordance with the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player will be credited with one (1) year of NBA service for each year that he is on an NBA Active List or Inactive List for one (1) or more days during the Regular Season. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Notwithstanding the above, a player will not receive credit for a Year of Service for any year in which he: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(i) withholds playing services called for by a Player Contract or this Agreement for more than thirty (30) days after the Season begins, or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(ii) is a Restricted Free Agent, has been tendered a Qualifying Offer by his Prior Team and the Prior Team has extended the date by which the player may accept the Qualifying Offer until March 1 in accordance with the Article XI, Section 4(c)(i), and has not signed a Player Contract with any Team by March 1. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, notwithstanding the above, a player will not receive credit for a Year of Service for being on an NBA Active List or Inactive List as a result of signing a Player Contract that is disapproved by the Commissioner. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In no event can a player be credited with more than one (1) Year of Service with respect to any one NBA Season. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A Year of Service will be credited to a player on the June 30 following the Season with respect to which it is being credited. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Under no circumstances shall the definition of Years of Service herein be used for purposes of determining a player’s years of credited eligibility, benefit, and/or vesting service under any benefit plan or program provided for under Article IV of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the Pension Plan, 401(k) Plan, Health and Welfare Benefit Plan (including the Retiree Medical Plan, HRA Benefit, and tuition reimbursement program), or Post-Career Income Plan. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Players shall be credited with Years of Service pursuant to this Section 1(iiii) only in respect of Seasons covered by this Agreement. Years of Service credit for Seasons prior to the 2005 NBA/NBPA Collective Bargaining Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the 1999 NBA/NBPA Collective Bargaining Agreement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consideration Toward Being On a Roster For a Regular Season&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://atlhawksfanatic.github.io/NBA-CBA/benefits.html#player-pension-benefits.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 4.1 a iv&lt;/a&gt;, The NBA CBA defines a cutoff date for consideration toward being on a roster for a regular season, but explicitly states this applies to 10-Day or Two-Way contracts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Pension Plan shall be amended to provide that a player shall not be considered to be on the Roster for a Regular Season solely because he was under a 10-Day Contract or Two-Way Contract as of February 2nd of such Regular Season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Uniform Player Contract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contracts are further defined &lt;a href=&quot;https://atlhawksfanatic.github.io/NBA-CBA/uniform-player-contract.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14817" LastEditorDisplayName="user14817" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T13:37:36.457" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T13:37:36.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17981" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-15T20:58:12.617" Score="0" ViewCount="500" Body="&lt;p&gt;While score keeping a game of volleyball, one of the plays confused me: the ball hit the net and went over, but it still counted as a point. Is this the correct ruling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14987" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-15T21:18:06.917" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T21:18:06.917" Title="Does a point end if the volleyball hits the net?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17981" CreationDate="2018-03-15T21:16:43.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you've probably realised by now, a ball hitting the net (within the side bands) does not end the point. See Rule 10.2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While crossing the net, the ball may touch it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T21:16:43.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17801" CreationDate="2018-03-15T22:27:27.793" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming NFHS, Rule 10-1 says it's a Team Technical, which indirectly affects the coach; the timeout doesn't negate that it happened, so technically the ref's were correct in the administration. They should have still allowed you the timeout before the free-throws were administered. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, personally, as a former official, I think it was tacky that they enforced it. I called a lot of Jr. High boys and girls and half the time the coaches were trying to teach the kids how to play. Rule 3-3-3 says the ref's are to administer the substitutions, so it's their fault for allowing it to happen. If you were in a huddle and broke with 6, and then called a timeout before the ball went into play, I think they could have let it slide. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, technically, they were correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14047" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T22:27:27.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17986" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-16T05:48:39.120" Score="3" ViewCount="444" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that only 18 tournaments (19 if qualified for ATP Finals) are considered for ATP rankings of which 4 grand slams and 8 masters (excluding Monte Carlo) are compulsory. If a player fulfills the commitment of 4 ATP 500 (counting Monte Carlo if he plays), his best 6 results from other tournaments are counted. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But currently (16th March 2018), I see 7 tournaments (apart from compulsory tournaments) are counted in Marin Cilic's Rankings. It includes Monte Carlo, 3 ATP 500 and 3 other tournaments. Is it not violating the rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His ATP Rankings Breakdown is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/marin-cilic/c977/rankings-breakdown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. And here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180316105038/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/marin-cilic/c977/rankings-breakdown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive snapshot&lt;/a&gt; from March 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14990" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T16:27:46.707" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T04:08:20.810" Title="Why are 7 non-compulsory tournaments included in Marin Cilic's ATP ranking?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:28:13.840" Score="2" ViewCount="13622" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there's a PR for personal record for track, I was looking as I SR and I have no clue what it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14998" LastActivityDate="2023-07-26T16:04:06.233" Title="What does SR mean for track?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17989" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:34:20.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual notation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PB:&lt;/strong&gt; Personal best&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;SB&lt;/strong&gt;: Season's best&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that &lt;strong&gt;PR&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;SR&lt;/strong&gt; are the same, but use 'Record' instead of 'Best'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I have also seen 'SR' used to mean 'Senior Record' (as opposed to 'JR' = 'Junior Record, so as Martin comments above, it does depend on context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally though, I think this should be true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14993" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T14:34:20.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17986" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:42:01.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not 100% sure, but this could be a case of them using the Monte Carlo Open in place of the Canadian Open, which he pulled out of due to an injury sustained at Wimbledon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14993" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T14:42:01.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17949" CreationDate="2018-03-16T17:39:28.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;85KG MENS CLEAN &amp;amp; JERK:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UhYPz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UhYPz.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;85KG MENS SNATCH:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r0Tak.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r0Tak.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://result.ewfed.com/eventlist/e/14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://result.ewfed.com/eventlist/e/14&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14856" LastEditorUserId="14856" LastEditDate="2018-03-16T19:43:35.107" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T19:43:35.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-17T17:20:26.120" Score="0" ViewCount="1667" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an instance where three teams were beaten by 3:1, 4:2 and 5:3, which team qualifies as best losers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15008" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T01:43:42.667" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T01:43:42.667" Title="Tiebreakers for best loser in a single elimination playoff" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-03-20T14:53:28.843" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17998" CreationDate="2018-03-18T01:38:35.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, in case of equal goal differences, usually the goals scored are more important than the goals conceded. So, in your case the best loser will be the one who lost 3:5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can take a look at tiebreakers used during the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T01:38:35.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18003" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-19T00:26:14.667" Score="2" ViewCount="1275" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sports such as football and hockey, a hat trick is an event where a player scores 3 goals in a game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, a hat trick is said to be a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/7093&quot;&gt;natural hat trick&lt;/a&gt;, when a player scores 3 goals in a row without any other player on either team scoring any goals between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What percentage of the hat tricks in the NHL have been natural since the 1967 expansion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T18:05:12.207" LastActivityDate="2022-01-09T17:49:42.007" Title="What proportion of NHL hat tricks are natural?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16162" CreationDate="2018-03-19T03:21:13.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have this problem too. I solve it by using either &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.squashsource.com/tourna-grip/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;TournaGrip&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.squashsource.com/yonex-squash-grips/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yonex Super Grap&lt;/a&gt; overgrips. (Overgrips are wrapped on top of the factory grip.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the only two grips I'd use for an important match -- everything else is too slippery in my hand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend, who also has sweaty hands, swears by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.squashsource.com/dry-grip/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dry Grip&lt;/a&gt;, which is an antiperspirant cream. I'm happy enough with the overgrips that I haven't ventured into the cream situation, but it's another option, and it can be used in combination with the overgrips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="375" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T03:21:13.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18006" CreationDate="2018-03-19T09:48:19.690" Score="5" ViewCount="744" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where can I purchase tickets for the 2018 World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If I cannot find any tickets online to buy, can I get tickets from the stadium two or three days before the match?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can I apply for a &quot;wheelchair user&quot; FIFA ticket even if I am not a disabled person? They opened the W ticket section online with tickets selling for $105.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15014" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T21:05:39.280" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T15:16:12.783" Title="Where can I purchase tickets for the 2018 World Cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18005" CreationDate="2018-03-19T10:41:03.257" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As it stands right now: &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;. Tickets are sold on the respective &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/ticketing/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Website&lt;/a&gt; only and possibly in so-called &lt;em&gt;Ticket Venue Centres&lt;/em&gt; sometime during the final sales phase if there are still enough tickets for sale for a certain game (There is no news about the exact time and location yet, but for the Confed Cup there were three: St. Petersburg, Sochi and Moscow). If there are any tickets left from the previous stage (e.g. ordered but not paid for in time) they will be sold in the next stages. Even the last minute sales will be held online. If there are still tickets available after that the FIFA will publish information in time about how to order them (Online or as of then maybe even in Ticket Venue Centres). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/ticketing/02/90/39/71/2018fwc-en-ticketsalesregulationsforgeneralpublic(international)_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ticket Sales Regulations:&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.1 Tickets will be made available in different sales phases. FIFA has the right to determine the number of Tickets made available for sale&#xA;  to the  general public and other customer groups in each of the sales&#xA;  phases.  &lt;strong&gt;The sales phases are described in the Ticket Application Form&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  and further Ticket sales materials which FIFA may publish and update&#xA;  from time to time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;. Definitely not. Special Access Tickets are that for a reason and they want &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/organisation/ticketing/special-access-tickets.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;proof&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Please note that customers who apply for Special Access Tickets are&#xA;  required to &lt;strong&gt;provide proof of eligibility documents&lt;/strong&gt; as part of the&#xA;  Ticket Application process. If not already provided and approved&#xA;  online, such proof of eligibility documents must be provided upon&#xA;  Ticket collection (if applicable) or when purchasing Tickets over the&#xA;  counter as well as, upon request, at the entrance to the Stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T14:16:45.237" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T14:16:45.237" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18010" CreationDate="2018-03-19T19:45:08.253" Score="0" ViewCount="749" Body="&lt;p&gt;If&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the bowler has bowls the ball,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the batsmen misses the ball,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball goes to the wicket-keeper,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it touches the leg of the keeper,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and finally it touches the stump,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is that a stumping or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15018" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-20T12:38:12.350" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T12:38:12.350" Title="If ball rebounds onto the stumps after hitting the wicket-keeper's leg, will it be a stumping?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-03-19T20:58:23.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, as long as you correctly dribble the ball according to Rule 4, section 15. The concern would be making sure it isn't palmed or carried, per the rules, because then you could get hit with a violation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that you are covered legally, physically pulling it off would be a different story, as it would take some skill or a distinct height differential to actually dribble a ball over a basketball player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14047" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-22T09:30:32.937" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T09:30:32.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18008" CreationDate="2018-03-19T23:16:14.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman was out of his crease, then yes, that is a stumping. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-39-stumped/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39.2&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;39.2 Ball rebounding from wicket-keeper’s person&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the wicket is put down by the ball, it shall be regarded as having been put down by the wicket-keeper if the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;rebounds on to the stumps from any part of the wicket-keeper’s person or equipment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or      has been kicked or thrown on to the stumps by the wicket-keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the word &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt;. Since it hit his leg before going onto the stumps, it's a stumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T11:22:39.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-21T20:06:05.430" Score="1" ViewCount="1301" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to calculate maximum overs for a bowler in reduced over match i.e T20 match reduces to 14 or 13 overs?&#xA;Can two bowlers play 4 overs and the other 3 bowlers play 2 overs per each in 14 over match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15030" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T20:20:53.813" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T22:13:29.567" Title="Maximum overs for a bowler in reduced 14 overs match?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18014" CreationDate="2018-03-21T20:56:47.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As always, this depends on the playing conditions for the tournament you are in. However, we can take the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/10/05/827e3bdd-6306-404e-8c62-47ae2f0ea223/ICC-Men-s-T20I-Playing-Conditions-2017-Code-FINAL-051017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current T20 International playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; as a guide:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a delayed or interrupted match where the overs are reduced for both teams or for the team bowling&#xA;  second;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;for innings of rescheduled length of at least 10 overs, no bowler may bowl more than one-fifth of&#xA;  the total overs allowed. Where the total overs is not divisible by 5, one additional over shall be&#xA;  allowed to the maximum number per bowler necessary to make up the balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or for 14 overs, 4 bowlers may bowl 3 overs each and one bowler may bowl 2 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T20:56:47.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18017" CreationDate="2018-03-22T11:37:53.153" Score="3" ViewCount="2091" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today while we were playing, we had a following situation,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Striker hits the ball and gets caught in the boundary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Non-Striker crossed the center of the pitch  and the Striker too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Striker is out of his crease but has not crossed the center of the pitch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We had these arguments about who will take strike:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two strikers must cross the center of the pitch for the non-striker to take &#xA;strike.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both batsmen must cross each other for the non-striker to take&#xA;strike.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Just non-striker need to cross the center for being striker before the catch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even after reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18.12&lt;/a&gt;, I am not clear on this situation. So, someone please clarify this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-22T13:39:37.923" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T13:50:29.790" Title="Who will take strike for this particular situation, when striker is out Caught in the boundary?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18016" CreationDate="2018-03-22T13:05:34.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of Cricket aren't always great at defining what certain terms used within the Laws mean, and I think &amp;quot;crossed&amp;quot; is one of those cases. However, we can use the definition in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-30-batsman-out-of-hisher-ground/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.2 which does clearly define which ground belongs to which batsman&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;30.2.1 If only one batsman is within a ground, it is his/her ground and will remain so even if he/she is later joined there by the other batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;30.2.2 If both batsmen are in the same ground and one of them subsequently leaves it, the ground belongs to the batsman who remains in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;30.2.3 If there is no batsman in either ground, then each ground belongs to whichever batsman is nearer to it, or, if the batsmen are level, to whichever batsman was nearer to it immediately prior to their drawing level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This then makes it easy to determine if the batsmen have crossed: if the ground belonging to the striker is at the non-striker's end, the batsmen have crossed. Therefore what is required is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both the striker and non-striker have left their ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The non-striker is closer to the striker's end than the striker&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(There are some edge cases about batsmen running up and down the pitch multiple times before the catch is taken. I'm ignoring those here as they're somewhat unlikely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both those criteria are met in this case, so the non-striker would be on strike for the next ball (assuming it wasn't the end of the over of course!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T13:50:29.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18016" CreationDate="2018-03-22T13:05:52.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Center of the pitch is not of importance&lt;/em&gt;, as both batsmen have crossed each other so non-striker will take strike for this particular case provided that the fair catch is not taken before they crossed each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-18-scoring-runs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18 (Scoring Runs)&lt;/a&gt;: (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.12 Batsman returning to wicket he/she has left&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.12.1 When a batsman is dismissed in any of the ways in 18.12.1.1 to 18.12.1.3, &lt;strong&gt;the not out batsman shall return to the wicket he/she has left but &lt;em&gt;only if the batsmen had not already crossed&lt;/em&gt; at the instant of the incident causing the dismissal.&lt;/strong&gt;  If runs are to be disallowed, however, the not out batsman shall return to his/her original end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.12.1.1 Caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.12.1.2 Obstructing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.12.1.3 Run out other than under Law 25.6.4 or 25.6.5 (Dismissal and conduct of a batsman and his/her runner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/learn-the-law/laws17-23/story_html5.html?lms=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;laws of cricket elearning Law 18&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed, the not out batsman shall return to his/her original end, except:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the striker is caught and they have crossed before the catch is complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fOjkP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fOjkP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;rules&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T13:15:45.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18023" CreationDate="2018-03-22T16:24:29.847" Score="1" ViewCount="5112" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does FIFA pay for the expenses of a player (flight, etc.) when the national team call the player for a friendly or a competition in FIFA calendar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it depend on the division that such a player is in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, suppose Haiti wants to call some players for a game in the CONCACAF Nation's League, one from France Ligue 1 and others from Spanish Segunda/Segunda B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15036" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-03-22T21:25:49.847" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T21:25:49.847" Title="Who pays for the expenses of players called up during international breaks?" Tags="|rules|football|finances|fifa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18019" CreationDate="2018-03-22T16:37:08.387" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's national federation who payed, but it can be the team of the player with private airplane too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T16:37:08.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18022" CreationDate="2018-03-22T18:52:54.750" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;The BBC website seems to say that Zimbabwe would qualify instead of Ireland, but surely if it was a tie, it would go down to net run rate between the two teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/world-cup-qualifier/table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A BBC results table here&lt;/a&gt; indicates that Ireland has a superior net run rate to Zimbabwe and a tie would take them level on points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastEditorUserId="14951" LastEditDate="2018-03-23T13:32:37.850" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T13:32:37.850" Title="Would Ireland qualify for the 2019 Cricket World Cup if their game against Afghanistan ended in a tie?" Tags="|rules|cricket|tie-breaker|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18021" CreationDate="2018-03-22T19:29:47.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is explained by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133029/zimbabwe-vs-united-arab-emirates-32nd-match-super-sixes-world-cup-qualifier&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In that case, all three teams will be tied on five points each but both Afghanistan's and Ireland's net run rate will take a beating since the teams will be conceding as many runs as they score. While Afghanistan's NRR (0.34) is already below Zimbabwe's (0.42), Ireland's NRR (0.47) will slip below Zimbabwe's to a value of 0.377.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is that a tie does affect your net run rate in that it pulls in back towards zero. Consider a hypothetical example where a team has played one match, scored 200 in its 50 overs and conceded only 100. Their net run rate is now (200 - 100) / 50 = 2.00. Now add in a tie where both teams score 150 (doesn't actually matter what the score is): the net run rate is now ((200 + 150) - (100 + 150)) / 100 = 1.00; while the absolute difference in the number of runs has not changed (that's the definition of a tie!), the number of overs being considered has increased, so the net run rate always has a smaller magnitude after the tie than before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Cricinfo point out, the situation is different if the match is abandoned as that Ireland's run rate does not change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T19:29:47.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18019" CreationDate="2018-03-22T21:16:00.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA doesn't cover travel or any logistic expenses of international &lt;strong&gt;friendly&lt;/strong&gt; matches, because they are coordinated between corresponding associations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA covers only travel costs for referees and its own representatives of the &lt;strong&gt;qualification&lt;/strong&gt; games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA covers part of travel or logistic expenses during &lt;strong&gt;final&lt;/strong&gt; tournaments, e.g. FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no mention in FIFA regulations about the division of the player in which he plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long answer:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The settlement of the costs of 2 associations playing during &lt;strong&gt;qualification&lt;/strong&gt; phase &lt;em&gt;recommended&lt;/em&gt; by FIFA is described in &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/84/35/19/regulationsfwc2018en_neutral.pdf#page=40&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup Regulations - Preliminary competition - 27 Financial provisions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...] FIFA recommends the following provisions:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) the visiting association shall cover its delegation’s own&#xA;  international travel costs to the venue or the nearest airport, as&#xA;  well as board, lodging costs and incidental expenses;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) the host association shall cover domestic transport costs for the&#xA;  entire official delegation of the visiting team depending on flight&#xA;  connections (cf. art. 21 par. 1);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) the host association shall pay for board and lodging in a&#xA;  high-standard hotel and domestic transport in the host country for the&#xA;  match officials, the FIFA Match Commissioner, the referee assessor&#xA;  and any other FIFA officials (i.e. security officer, media officer&#xA;  etc.); &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIFA shall bear the costs of:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) international travel and the daily allowances, as fixed by FIFA,&#xA;  for the referees, assistant referees and fourth offi cials;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) international travel and the daily allowances for the respective&#xA;  FIFA delegation members, as fixed by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The settlement of the costs during &lt;strong&gt;final competition&lt;/strong&gt; is described in &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/84/35/19/regulationsfwc2018en_neutral.pdf#page=64&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup Regulations - Final competition - 50 Financial provisions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The participating member associations shall be responsible for and bear the costs of the following:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) adequate insurance to cover their Team Delegation Members and any&#xA;  other persons carrying out duties on their behalf against all risks,&#xA;  including but not limited to injury, accident, disease and travel in&#xA;  consideration of the applicable FIFA rules or regulations;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) board and lodging during the final competition, including rental of&#xA;  meeting rooms and audio/visual technical equipment, in excess of the&#xA;  contribution paid by FIFA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) costs associated with additional members of the association’s&#xA;  delegation (in excess of the 50 official Team Delegation Members).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Organising Association shall, in accordance with the HA, organise and bear the costs of all domestic travel (road, rail or air)&#xA;  for each official Team Delegation Member of each participating member&#xA;  association (maximum of 50 people per participating member&#xA;  association), including their equipment (up to a maximum weight to be&#xA;  defi ned by FIFA at a later stage).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIFA shall bear the costs of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) a contribution towards the preparation costs incurred by the&#xA;  participating member associations in accordance with a set tariff to&#xA;  be fixed in duecourse by the FIFA Organising Committee;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) business-class return fl ights for 50 people from each&#xA;  participating member association between a city to be designated by&#xA;  the FIFA Organising Committee and the first point of arrival in the&#xA;  host country. For each delegation’s international air travel to the&#xA;  2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ FIFA may request the participating member&#xA;  associations to use either (i) the airline notified to the&#xA;  participating member associations as being FIFA’s designated air&#xA;  carrier or (ii) an appropriate network alliance partner of such&#xA;  designated air carrier (if the designated air carrier does not service&#xA;  the international airports of any participating member association).&#xA;  If, contrary to any such request by FIFA, any participating member&#xA;  association elects not to use FIFA’s designated air carrier or an&#xA;  appropriate network alliance partner of such designated air carrier,&#xA;  or if any participating member association elects to charter a private&#xA;  aircraft for the air travel of its delegation, FIFA’s obligation will&#xA;  be limited to the amount FIFA would have incurred had the&#xA;  participating member association used FIFA’s designated air carrier&#xA;  for its delegation’s air travel;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) a contribution towards the costs of board and lodging for 50 people&#xA;  from each participating member association in accordance with a set&#xA;  tariff to be fixed in due course, starting five days prior to each&#xA;  team’s first match and ending no later than the second day following&#xA;  the team’s elimination. The FIFA Organising Committee shall determine&#xA;  these rates based on an average of the prevailing FIFA World Cup™&#xA;  sales rates in the official team hotels;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) prize money for the participating member associations, the amounts&#xA;  of which shall be determined by FIFA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e) the costs incurred by match offi cials, referee assessors and FIFA&#xA;  Match Commissioners and other members of the FIFA delegation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f) doping control expenses;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g) the costs of insurance taken out by FIFA to cover its own risks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Any expenses and costs incurred by a participating member association other than those mentioned in these Regulations shall be&#xA;  borne by the participating member association concerned.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T21:16:00.260" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-23T05:32:30.237" Score="-1" ViewCount="1332" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all forms of cricket, the number of bouncers per over is limited. For example, quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/10/05/498b5049-f7cf-4adf-8562-6abe43cdae8f/ICC-Men-s-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2017-Code-FINAL-051017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current One Day International playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;41.6.1.5 A fast short-pitched delivery is defined as a ball, which passes or would have passed above the&#xA;  shoulder height of the striker standing upright at the popping crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;41.6.1.8 In the event of a bowler bowling more than two fast short-pitched deliveries in an over as&#xA;  defined in clause 41.6.1.5 above, the umpire at the bowler’s end shall call and signal No ball on&#xA;  each occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman manages to hit a bouncer, when the bowler has already exhausted his quota of bouncers per over, and the ball is caught, will the batsman be out or is it a no ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T13:42:41.073" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T19:03:05.380" Title="If the bowler has exhausted his quota of bouncers for an over, is the batsman out if he nicks a bouncer and gets caught?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18024" CreationDate="2018-03-23T09:24:20.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the batsman cannot be out caught. A no ball due to exceeding the number of bouncers per over is still a no ball and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.18&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; clear on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When No ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the Laws except 34 (Hit the ball twice), 37 (Obstructing the field) or 38 (Run out).) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T09:24:20.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14483" CreationDate="2018-03-23T13:11:15.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened in MMA, in the infamously known as &quot;Detroit Dance&quot;, a match between Dan Severn and Ken Shamrock at UFC 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, judges scored the match for Dan Severn and nothing much happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/2/4/3951260/ufc-history-severn-vs-shamrock-2-what-really-happened-at-ufc-9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; explaining the reasons is funnier than the match itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14027" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T13:11:15.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18029" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-23T13:58:56.307" Score="0" ViewCount="3762" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would the ICC take the T20 approach and take a super over? Or have one of those bowl-out things that used to be used as T20 tie-breakers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T11:41:31.820" Title="What would happen in a tie in a Cricket World Cup final?" Tags="|rules|cricket|tie-breaker|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18034" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-24T20:28:38.420" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the recent Test match pitting Australia against South Africa (3rd Test of the 2017-18 Sunfoil Test Series), Cameron Bancroft of Australia was caught using yellow tape to alter the condition of the ball. What effect was he going for though? Why use tape? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T12:38:09.830" Title="What was Cameron Bancroft trying to do with the tape?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18034" CreationDate="2018-03-24T21:30:44.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The aim, as admitted by Bancroft, was to rough up one side of the ball &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17573/what-is-the-science-behind-reverse-swing&quot;&gt;in order to get it to reverse swing&lt;/a&gt;. Bancroft himself said (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22897995/desperation-drove-australia-cheat-steven-smith&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;as quoted by Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I saw an opportunity to use some tape, get some granules from rough patches on the wicket to change the ball condition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-24T21:30:44.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18042" CreationDate="2018-03-25T08:45:00.227" Score="1" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have question regarding run out controversy which happened today in our teams play. We had just one stump on the non-striker end which fell off(due to wind) when batsman launched for 2nd run. Bowler caught the ball and touched the stump(which was lying on the ground) with ball while holding in his hand(batsman was short of crease). Is the batsman out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15049" LastEditorUserId="15049" LastEditDate="2018-03-25T08:51:22.050" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T17:57:21.550" Title="Is the batsman run-out if ball in contact with the lying stump" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16566" CreationDate="2018-03-25T10:29:14.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are various reasons for a driver being classified as a DNF at a GP, including the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mechanical DNF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accidents&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NC (Not Classified)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DSQ (Disqualified)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNQ (Did Not Qualify)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WD (Withdrawn)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNS (Did Not Start)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have therefore gathered data from the 1992 season to the 2016 season from various sources to answer your question and also to show everyone some interesting stats about the evolution of F1 since the 1990s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start by answering your question. Based on the following chart, &lt;strong&gt;the season with the most DNF's (between 1992-2016) seems to be the 1992 season with 264 total DNF's&lt;/strong&gt;, followed closely by the 1994 season with 239 total DNF's:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Us6gF.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Us6gF.png&quot; alt=&quot;Total Number of DNF's (F1 1992 to 2016 seasons)&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You really realise with the trendline &lt;code&gt;y = -6.96x + 219&lt;/code&gt; on the chart just by how much the number of accidents and mechanical failures decreased over the years, especially in 1996 and in 2003. I guess this shows how the cars evolved over the years and became much more reliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now for the more interesting bit, here is a comparison chart showing the:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total number of DNF's&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total number of classified finished&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Percentage of DNF's (based on all total possible finishes)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Percentage of classified finishes (based on all total possible finishes)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tV8Fn.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tV8Fn.png&quot; alt=&quot;Comparison of DNFs and Classified Finished (F1 1992 to 2016 seasons)&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find it quite interesting to see the percentage of drivers who actually finished the races in the 1990s compare to the 2010s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the columns, you can see the increasing gap between the orange column (total DNFs) and the blue column (total classified finishes). In the 1990s there were seasons (1992 &amp;amp; 1994) where the were more DNFs than classified finishes! Also looking at the blue and orange lines you can again see just how much they diverge after 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparing the season with the most DNF's (1992 - 264 DNF's) and the one with the least (2013 - 52 DNF's), 87.6% of the drivers who participated at a GP were classified finishers in 2013, whereas in the 1992 season only 44.9% of the drivers actually finished the race!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, here is the table where I gathered all the data for you to see the details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T8PO9.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T8PO9.png&quot; alt=&quot;DNFS from 1992 to 2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone finds any mistakes in my data, please let me know so that I can make the changes. If you want access to the Excel spreadsheets I used to gather my data, send me a message so I can email it to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;F1 Fanatic Season statistics: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.racefans.net/statistics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Racefans&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(look at individual seasons)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIA Formula One individual season summaries on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_FIA_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(change the year in the link to get all the years)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T08:58:48.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18041" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-25T13:58:46.057" Score="1" ViewCount="1352" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all levels of basketball, nearly all layups are made by banking the ball off the backboard. Is there a simple explanation for why this is more common than a short shot directly through the rim? Does banking it somehow provide a larger margin of error?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1139" LastActivityDate="2018-04-26T13:19:27.687" Title="In basketball, why is it easier to make a layup by banking it off the backboard?" Tags="|basketball|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18038" CreationDate="2018-03-25T17:57:21.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the batsman is not out. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-the-wicket-is-down/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29.1.1&lt;/a&gt; defines the situations in which the wicket is considered to be put down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1 The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1.1 by the ball,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1.2 by the striker’s bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ some other less common occurrences ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1.6 The wicket is also put down if a fielder strikes or pulls a stump out of the ground in the same manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence what the bowler should have done was strike the remaining stumps so that either the remaining bail was removed or a stump was removed from the ground; touching the stump which was &lt;em&gt;already&lt;/em&gt; on the ground does not constitute putting the wicket down and so the batsman cannot be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T17:57:21.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15676" CreationDate="2018-03-25T18:17:44.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Crashes are a part of the sport as they are often either caused by mechanical issue with the car or by driver errors, and there is no &lt;em&gt;economic&lt;/em&gt; penalty/sanction mentioned anywhere in the official FIA Sporting Regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of the penalties that can be carried out by the stewards (regulatory body in Formula One), according to article 38.3 of the latest FIA Sporting Regulations (last updated on 07/12/2017):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;38.3 The stewards may impose any one of the penalties below on any driver involved in an Incident: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) A five second time penalty. The&#xA;  driver must enter the pit lane, stop in his pit stop position for at&#xA;  least five seconds and then re-join the race. The relevant driver may&#xA;  however elect not to stop, provided he carries out no further pit stop&#xA;  before the end of the race. In such cases five seconds will be added&#xA;  to the elapsed race time of the driver concerned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) A ten second time&#xA;  penalty. The driver must enter the pit lane, stop in his pit stop&#xA;  position for at least ten seconds and then re-join the race. The&#xA;  relevant driver may however elect not to stop, provided he carries out&#xA;  no further pit stop before the end of the race. In such cases ten&#xA;  seconds will be added to the elapsed race time of the driver&#xA;  concerned. In both of the above cases the driver concerned must carry&#xA;  out the penalty the next time he enters the pit lane and, for the&#xA;  avoidance of doubt, this includes any stop the driver makes whilst a&#xA;  VSC or safety car procedure is in use. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) A drive-through penalty. The&#xA;  driver must enter the pit lane and re-join the race without stopping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) A ten second stop-and-go time penalty. The driver must enter the&#xA;  pit lane, stop in his pit stop position for at least ten seconds and&#xA;  then re-join the race. If any of the four penalties above are imposed&#xA;  upon a driver, and that driver is unable to serve the penalty due to&#xA;  retirement from the race, the stewards may impose a grid place penalty&#xA;  on the driver at his next Event. If any of the four penalties above&#xA;  are imposed during the last three laps, or after the end of a race,&#xA;  Article 38.4(b) below will not apply and five seconds will be added to&#xA;  the elapsed race time of the driver concerned in the case of (a)&#xA;  above, 10 seconds in the case of (b), 20 seconds in the case of (c)&#xA;  and 30 seconds in the case of (d). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;e) A time penalty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f) A reprimand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;g) A drop of any number of grid positions at the driver’s next Event.&#xA;  If any of the seven penalties above are imposed they shall not be&#xA;  subject to appeal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;h) Disqualification from the results. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i) Suspension from the driver’s next Event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, economic fines are not included in this list. Therefore to answer your question: &lt;strong&gt;no, there are officially no economic fines carried out to drivers even if the accident caused is 100% their fault&lt;/strong&gt;. The worst that can happen to a driver is disqualification from the current event and future events, which are far worse than a small fine to them, especially if they are fighting for the championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this isn't always consistent as the stewards sometimes carried out worse punishments than the ones stated in the article that I just quoted. I have two examples for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBM4KpxfsPc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Romain Grosjean's crash at Spa in 2012&lt;/a&gt;, article 38.3.i was carried out and Grosjean wasn't allowed to race at the next event, which was the Italian GP, and he was additionally fined 50,000 €, justified as &lt;em&gt;(quote from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/19458954&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC Sport article&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;an extremely serious breach of the regulations, which had the potential to cause injury to others&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1997, at the final round of the championship in Jerez, Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve were both contenders to win the championship at the end of the race. On lap 48, Villeneuve attempted to overtake Schumacher on his inside, and as they were side by side in the corner Schumacher turned in even more on Villeneuve intentionally in an attempt to take him out. The punishment was to strip Schumacher away from all his 1997 championship points, which was an extremely harsh punishment &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/55774/schumacher-jerez-1997-biggest-regret&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(Autosport article)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Schumacher turned in on Villeneuve at the hairpin at Jerez in a bid to&#xA;  take them both out of the race, what would have handed the German what&#xA;  would then have been his third world championship title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The move failed and, not only did Villeneuve go on to take the crown,&#xA;  but Schumacher was stripped of his runner-up position in the title&#xA;  chase because of his actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have more example, please add them to my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA Sporting Regulations 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;BBC Sport article: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/19458954&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Belgian Grand Prix crash: Romain Grosjean banned for one race&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Autosport article on the Schumacher/Villeneuve controversy: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/55774/schumacher-jerez-1997-biggest-regret&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Schumacher: Jerez 1997 biggest regret&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="14017" LastEditDate="2018-03-26T09:37:25.013" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T09:37:25.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18041" CreationDate="2018-03-26T05:25:39.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Banking it actually lessens the margin of error and is easier to control/teach when you start learning how to play basketball. I don't know if this applies to you but this might help &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wired.com/2011/03/physics-basketball-shots/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.wired.com/2011/03/physics-basketball-shots/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15054" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T05:25:39.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18047" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-26T12:14:59.157" Score="1" ViewCount="532" Body="&lt;p&gt;Upon making a legal serve over the net in table tennis, can the ball hit the receiver's side more than once?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And, if so can it spin back and hit the net on the receiver's side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15057" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T01:28:16.573" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T01:28:16.573" Title="Is the ball allowed to hit the receiver's side more than once in a table tennis serve" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4484" CreationDate="2018-03-26T13:22:26.260" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The brand is too general, so let me guess, I would say maybe Oceanic Atom 3.1 versus Sunnto D4i.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question about &quot;better/worse between a Suunto and an Oceanic in terms of interface or features..&quot; I noticed something that,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Suunto D4i is actually recommended dive computer for every leisure diver, I mean to fun or recreational diver. So, no matter level of skill, expert or newbies, it is totally great. of course it is also depend on the price range that people could afford it. Furthermore, the computer is readable along with user-friendly display, very easy to read via user interface together with the documentation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, the Oceanic Atom is loaded with numerous advanced functions and could be recommended dive computer for technical diving, or expert diving together with the complex user documentation. It provides the diver a chance to stretch out our under the sea activities to higher limitations. Oceanic Atom 3 is actually all around dive watch computer for expert divers, because it has all possible capabilities to dive with 3 gas mixes and also to handle 4 dive modes. I do believe that newbies will discover this dive computer complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the verdict, I think that, no wonder a certain dive instructor will talk about the Oceanic, because of it is made for the experts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15058" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T14:54:56.573" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T14:54:56.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18047" CreationDate="2018-03-26T13:26:18.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is YES to both of your questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact skilled players will mostly want their service to drop shortly after the net, so that the opponent has a hard time to attack it. Serving with such backspin that the ball returns to your side after one touch on the other side is really really hard. Even after a lot of practice you will only achieve this for very high services which the opponent can smash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to practice short backspin serves, you can assess your progress by counting the balls that return towards the net vs. those that drop off the table behind the opponent's base line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15033" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T13:26:18.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18051" CreationDate="2018-03-26T17:56:59.687" Score="1" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Montreal Canadiens have been eliminated from the 2018 Stanley Cup Playoff contention, but now I cheer against them so they finish at the bottom of the standings, and might get first pick in the draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They did have a good chance of getting the first pick if they would lose the last 11 games of the season, but they decreased the chances of picking first by winning a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That triggered a question for me: Is there anything that prevents a team from just playing to lose? Could management ask them to throw the game for end season ranking purposes, orr is there a rule in place forcing teams to trust the process and try their best even if they are mathematically certain of missing the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T16:37:28.413" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T16:37:28.413" Title="Is there any rule forcing a team to try to win?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18050" CreationDate="2018-03-26T20:51:05.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, although it may not be explicit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every sport has structures in place which allow the governing body (the NHL in this case) to penalise teams for conduct &quot;detrimental to or against the welfare of the League or the game of hockey&quot;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. Deliberately losing matches would be a prime example of this. What actually happens if the league decides to go after a team on these grounds is either undefined or not public - perhaps the closest analogy is when the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/new-york/nhl/news/story?id=5569258&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL fined the New Jersey Devils both money and draft picks for attempting to violate the salary cap&lt;/a&gt;; at that point, even ESPN were unclear as to the exact details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was not immediately clear if the Devils can appeal the ruling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2014/03/06/devils-get-back-draft-pick-lost-in-kovalchuk-signing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Devils did get one of their draft picks back, but it took three and a half years for it all to be sorted out&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples from other sports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The women's badminton at the 2012 Olympics was marred by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_doubles#Group_stage_disqualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;teams deliberately losing in order to manipulate the draw for the knock out stage&lt;/a&gt;. While again there wasn't a direct rule to apply, the Badminton World Federation did use its powers to disqualify the players involved.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Somerset Cricket Club once &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7465/in-which-game-was-a-limited-overs-innings-declared-to-prevent-an-opponent-from-q/&quot;&gt;deliberately lost a match quickly so as to ensure qualification&lt;/a&gt;. They were disqualified from the competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;1. That quote is actually from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn.nhlpa.com/img/assets/file/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL CBA&lt;/a&gt;. The CBA isn't directly relevant here as that's the deal between the owners and the players rather than the league and the owners, but it's a good indication of the language these sort of things use.&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T07:36:24.783" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T07:36:24.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18052" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18054" CreationDate="2018-03-27T07:03:19.383" Score="4" ViewCount="20109" Body="&lt;p&gt;In T20 leagues like BBL, BPL and like, many players from other countries participate whereas Indian players do not. So, &lt;em&gt;what is the reasoning behind this?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players like &lt;a href=&quot;http://englishcricket.wikia.com/wiki/Murali_Kartik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Murali Kartik&lt;/a&gt; have played in County cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speculating that the players earn enough and don't need to go anywhere else&#xA;but this might not be the sole reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15063" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T17:18:06.300" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T11:34:52.740" Title="Why Indian cricketers don't play in foreign leagues?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18061" CreationDate="2018-03-27T09:16:28.823" Score="6" ViewCount="2946" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a referee, I have trouble making good judgement of the following situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While followed closely by a defender, an attacker initiates a shot before which the defender manages to get his foot between the ball and the attacker, resulting in the attacker kicking the defender in the shank or ankle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it all happens in a split second, you can hardly blame the attacker (even though the defender could get hurt).&#xA;Neither am I sure that you can blame the defender. If he places his foot close enough to the ball, then I would be inclined to regard it as legitimate shielding, despite not playing the ball in the usual defensive sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the defender does succeed in moving the ball away from the attacker (i.e. he does play the ball), he will still get hurt, in which case I really can't see who to blame, but it seems I need someone to blame in order for there to exist no legal situation in which players can get hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do you do? It can be a rather rough looking situation and letting the game continue could result in more agressive behaviour from the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14677" LastEditorUserId="14677" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T20:39:53.530" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T05:50:53.497" Title="An attempt to shield the ball ends in one player kicking another's leg. Is it is a foul and what is the result?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18052" CreationDate="2018-03-27T10:50:48.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a decision by the BCCI. For any player anywhere in the world to play in a foreign tournament, they need a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from their home board, and the BCCI have refused all NOC applications for Indian players to play in foreign T20 tournaments. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/570934.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo wrote a good article on this in 2012&lt;/a&gt; and I believe the gist of the details there remain the same today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T10:50:48.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18055" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-27T13:42:51.733" Score="5" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootball.net/teams/juventus/real-madrid/11/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; Juventus and Real Madrid have played 19 times in the past. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/index.html#/iv/match/2021701&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quarter-finals of the 2017/18 UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; they will play two more times for a total of 21. So,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the most frequently played match in European Cups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1831" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T16:03:26.167" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T14:35:51.257" Title="Which is the most frequently played match in football European Cups?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|records|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7254" CreationDate="2018-03-27T14:07:18.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been in the swimming world since 1978. Swimming competitively at all levels minus Olympics/Worlds. I have coached world champions and country club only athletes. What everyone has to realize is ALL swimmers are different. Sometimes you have to realize you can't teach certain things to certain people. Because they are genetically unable to do what you are asking. Let's take Hypoxia into consideration. Working with 2 different athletes both female, both starting at 10, both ending training at age 14 with this group. The training sets for UDK and Hypoxic training are done routinely and made to extend both distance, as well as increase propulsion. At the end of 4 years of the same training, 1 swimmer can push the 15-meter mark quickly off any wall, and stay in any race 200m or less. While the other still barely breaks 6-meters, and loses so much from staying under that she is better off coming up. Both athletes compete at a very high level. Just 2 different swimmers that are genetically different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, take into consideration the type and distance of the race when deploying your UDK, if Caleb Dressel goes 15-meter under the water there is no way his 50 is that fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15064" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T14:07:18.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18053" CreationDate="2018-03-27T14:25:54.780" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to give an objective answer to this question since it is not explicitly written what to do in this situation, but I will try my best to answer the question objectively using sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-introduction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Direct Free Kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick&#xA;or penalty kick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No&#xA;disciplinary sanction is needed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indirect Free Kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way I interpret these rules lead to 2 scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender manages to place his foot between the ball and the attacker moments before the attacker shoots (an amount of time too short for the attacker to realise that the defender placed his foot) causing contact between the two of them and therefore leading the game to a stop, &lt;strong&gt;then I feel like you should accord a free kick to the attacker&lt;/strong&gt; as there was absolutely nothing he could to prevent shooting in the defender's shank. &lt;em&gt;(1st quote from the Laws of the Game)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, if the defender manages to place his foot between the ball and the attacker but that the attacker realises (or you judge that he has had enough time) to realise that the defender placed his foot there (with the ball moving away from the attacker as a result of the defender's successful move), but still decides to shoot with full power into the defender's shank, &lt;strong&gt;then I feel like you should award a free kick to the defender&lt;/strong&gt;. Additionally, if you judge that the attacker really had plenty of time to realise the ball wasn't there anymore but still decided to take the shot regardless, then he should be cautioned. &lt;em&gt;(2nd quote from the Laws of the Game)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, as the referee on the pitch only you can judge what to do based on the situation, but my advice to you is to &lt;strong&gt;try to see whether the attacker deliberately took the shot knowing the defender had his foot between his own foot and the ball or whether he genuinely didn't see the defender's foot&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T20:53:53.833" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18055" CreationDate="2018-03-27T15:34:54.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most frequently played match in European Cups is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootball.net/teams/real-madrid/bayern-muenchen/11/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bayern Munich Vs Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt; they have met &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;24 times up to now&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2450461.html?rss=2450461+Bayern+v+Real+Madrid:+past+meetings,+stats+and+reaction#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;uefa.com&lt;/a&gt; article states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bayern and Real Madrid have met 22 times previously in the European Cup, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/gallery/real-madrid-vs-bayern-munich-champions-league-rivalry-history-041217&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;foxsports.com&lt;/a&gt; article published on Apr 12, 2017 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;No fixture has been played more often in the Champions League or European Cup than this one&lt;/em&gt;. Wednesday’s game will be the 23rd meeting, and the 21st in the knockout stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/noblmd-bayern-munich-real-madrid-a-champions-league-classic-440451.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bundesliga.com&lt;/a&gt; article states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bayern Munich and Real Madrid &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;meet for a record 23rd time in European competition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.americascardroom.eu/poker-blog/2017/03/bayern-munich-vs-real-madrid-history-and-breakdown/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;americascardroom.eu&lt;/a&gt; article states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This match will be the 23rd time both sides face each other, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;making it the most played match-up in the UEFA&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3312820/bayern-munich-real-madrid-champions-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bayern Munich vs Real Madrid is most played game in Champions League history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Results of past matches: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootball.net/teams/real-madrid/bayern-muenchen/11/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2450461.html?rss=2450461+Bayern+v+Real+Madrid:+past+meetings,+stats+and+reaction#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6MJqo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6MJqo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;result&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T14:35:51.257" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T14:35:51.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18053" CreationDate="2018-03-27T15:56:20.403" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) Not every tackle is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Not every foul is a yellow card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This scenario falls in the category 1. It's an accident.  Both players played the ball in the split second.  One player got in the way of the other.  No harm no foul, as they saying goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact same scenario occurred in this evenings Eng v Ita match.  Vardy was through on goal and as he was about to shoot the defender got his foot in between the ball and Vardy. Vardy ended up kicking the defenders leg instead of the ball. No foul or free kick was given. The ref played on. Rightly so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14835" LastEditorUserId="14835" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T20:21:55.193" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T20:21:55.193" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18104" CreationDate="2018-03-28T01:11:18.607" Score="5" ViewCount="4933" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching the NIT this year where they went to quarters it got me wondering why is college played in halves and not quarters. The NBA and High School both play in quarters it seems non-sensical to me that college isn't played in quarters. So does anyone know why it was either set up as halves or changed to halves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14831" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T08:42:36.407" Title="Why doesn't college men's basketball play in quarters?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18053" CreationDate="2018-03-28T05:50:53.497" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are the relevant sections of the Laws of The Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee/chapters/powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 3 - Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;punishes the more serious offence, in terms of sanction, restart, physical severity and tactical impact, when more than one offence occurs at the same time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 1 - Direct Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tackles or challenges&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 2 - Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;*:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* - This explanation is included under &lt;em&gt;Indirect Free Kick&lt;/em&gt; as it is most commonly considered when judging whether the indirect free kick offence of &lt;em&gt;impeding the progress of an opponent without any contact being made&lt;/em&gt; has occurred, but is applicable to all offences under Law 12.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarise the situation you described, the defender has placed their foot between the ball and an attacker while the attacker is winding up a shot, resulting in the attacker kicking the defender moments later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender is genuinely attempting to play or shield the ball, the attacker has (at least) carelessly kicked an opponent, and this should result in a direct free kick to the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the defender places their foot in a position to simply trip up the attacker or present a hard surface (e.g. the studs) for the attacker to kick, the defender has (at least) carelessly tripped, tackled or challenged an opponent, and this should result in a direct free kick to the attacking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, if both players make contact with each other's feet from a similar position, while moving their feet towards the ball, this generally would not be considered careless and play would just continue. However, this doesn't seem to align with the scenario you've provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only you as the referee can decide which category this falls into. If you somehow come to the conclusion that both players have fouled, the free kick should be awarded to the team of the player who was culpable for the most physical severity, as quoted above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To address some of the specific points in your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it all happens in a split second, you can hardly blame the attacker (even though the defender could get hurt)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You certainly can blame the attacker. As quoted, players must show &lt;em&gt;attention or consideration&lt;/em&gt; when there is a possibility of a challenge occurring. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b09QzXjBQCA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This clip&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; shows a player being sent off for what would have been an innocuous attempt to play the ball had an opponent not been around. However, due to not taking into account that an opponent could beat them to the ball, Nani committed a foul (and was sent-off due to its severity).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither am I sure that you can blame the defender. If he places his foot close enough to the ball, then I would be inclined to regard it as legitimate shielding&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is probably correct, provided the defender has done so without carelessly tripping or careless challenging (e.g. with studs raised towards) the attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need someone to blame in order for there to exist no legal situation in which players can get hurt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a misconception. Players are injured all the time from perfectly legal challenges. Players should be punished based on the amount of risk (i.e. careless, reckless or excessive force) to an opponent when making a challenge, not whether an opponent is injured as a result of the challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, as for whether the offence requires a caution, sending-off, or just a free kick - that is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15039/what-do-careless-reckless-and-excessive-force-mean-when-referring-to-fouls&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1 - While this decision divided fans, most referees were of the opinion that the challenged endangered the safety of an opponent and the send-off for serious foul play was justified.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T05:50:53.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18052" CreationDate="2018-03-28T10:43:04.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;BCCI does not want players to play in other leagues, they do not have time for other leagues as well. Beside there is permission required from BCCI for all domestic and international players. They can even ban players who play conflicting leagues for BCCI. Remember ICL(Indian Cricket League)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15067" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-10-23T12:38:38.710" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T12:38:38.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18052" CreationDate="2018-03-29T11:05:15.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.firstpost.com/sports/bccis-refusal-to-allow-indian-cricketers-in-foreign-leagues-depriving-team-of-t20-specialists-3374610.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First Post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The BCCI imposes this restriction not just on its international&#xA;  players but also on domestic players, apparently in a bid to&#xA;  protecting their domestic tournaments, but their real intention is to&#xA;  safeguard the novelty and hence revenue of its cash cow, the IPL. BCCI&#xA;  thinks if Indian audience gets to see their cricketers play in other&#xA;  tournaments, the interest in IPL will diminish. Adopting such a&#xA;  protectionist model in the age of free markets is terribly myopic. If&#xA;  a cricket league prospers anywhere in the world, BCCI prospers from&#xA;  it.  As home to legions of fans, cricket’s win will always be India’s&#xA;  win. BCCI has in the past claimed that it’s a nonprofit organization.&#xA;  As custodians of Indian cricket, it’s incumbent on them to give their&#xA;  fans a chance to see their favorite cricketers play in leagues other&#xA;  than the IPL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for a change, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has finally thrown open the doors for India’s women cricketers to participate in international leagues across the world.&#xA;The move was announced on the 1st of June during a meeting of the Women’s Cricket Committee in Mumbai.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T08:15:35.867" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T08:15:35.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18029" CreationDate="2018-03-29T11:41:31.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For every WorldCup ICC will introduce a playing condition.&#xA;In 2015 Worldcup conducted by CA and NZC, they were&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quarter Final :&#xA;If a quarter-final is tied, abandoned or if the match is a no result, then the team that finished in the higher position in the Pool stage shall proceed to the semi-finals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Semi Final:&#xA;If a semi-final is tied, abandoned or if the match is a no result, then the team that finished in the higher position in the Pool stage shall proceed to the final.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Final:&#xA;If the Final is tied, abandoned or if the match is a no result, then the teams will be declared joint winners&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T11:41:31.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18067" CreationDate="2018-03-29T18:47:36.023" Score="4" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a social media post which claimed &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Brawn GP is one of just four teams to have won their very first race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I presume one of the other three teams is Alfa Romeo, who won the first ever official F1 grand prix. I have also found out that Mercedes won their first F1 race, in 1954, at the hands of Fangio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is the final team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15069" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T03:31:17.347" Title="F1 teams to win their first grand prix" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20630" CreationDate="2018-03-29T18:56:54.463" Score="3" ViewCount="1021" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, if PlayerA fouls ShooterA on a shot attempt and PlayerB cleanly blocks the shot (no foul called on PlayerB), does the block count in the stat sheet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the answer is no, is there a stat that tracks this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9613" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T06:00:23.113" Title="Blocked shot on a foul by another player" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18065" CreationDate="2018-03-29T20:27:08.720" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be Wolf, at the 1977 Argentine Grand Prix. I admit I had to Google to confirm my guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.f1i.com/magazine/86525-f1-teams-won-gp-debuts.html/3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-03-30T03:31:17.347" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T03:31:17.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18068" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-29T21:34:46.230" Score="1" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ball tampering is illegal by the laws of cricket. It is, however, relatively common. Players at the highest levels are caught and punished regularly, with an instance every year or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally these punishments are fairly mild, amounting to a caution or a fine. This seems in keeping with the nature of the offence, for which there is little clear evidence that it confers much, if any, advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2018 Australian scandal, though, has seen bans and resignations from three players and the head coach. This is many orders of magnitude more severe than usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand there are aspects of this which make it more serious than usual: the fact it was premeditated, and that it was planned by two senior players who pressured a junior to enact it. I appreciate that some of the players involved have been revealed as unpleasant hypocrites, who have previously denounced cheating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nonetheless, a year's ban compared to a small fine seems an astronomical escalation. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15070" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T09:34:40.193" Title="What makes the 2018 ball tampering scandal in Australia vs South Africa so significant?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2018-04-05T10:33:21.640" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18069" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-30T23:08:32.927" Score="1" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;See video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1vyuSmxTpo&amp;amp;t=34m15s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why didn't the jury overturn the decision for Lu Xiaojun's attempt at 177kg at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_77_kg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 London Olympic Games&lt;/a&gt; when he missed the minute countdown due to a &quot;tactical hiccup&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...there's been some kind of strange clerical error there because&#xA;  they started the clock and Lu Xiaojun ... oh this is very very&#xA;  confusing because Lu Xiaojun's clock started too early there...&quot; -&#xA;  commentator #1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...when you follow yourself in weightlifting you have two minutes on&#xA;  the clock. He was only given one minute on the clock there because the&#xA;  other lifter hasn't come out...&quot; - commentator #2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, Lu Xiaojun wasn't following himself (technically), so he doesn't get two minutes, but was that really an oversight on their part? Just seems like a withdrawal from Lu Haojie should have been more apparent to the coach/everyone. Did Lu Xiaojun's coach think that the timer that was running was for Lu Haojie who silently posted no figure? Right after Lu Haojie's failed attempt at 175kg Lu Xiaojun successfully snatches 175kg, so that'd be 1 minute on the timer after Lu Xiaojun for Lu Haojie (who didn't see the stage), then Lu Xiaojun's 1 minute timer would have started immediately after. How did the coach/anyone not notice that the timer cycled twice first on behalf of Lu Haojie and then reset for Lu Xiaojun? Is this because in the one minute you're allotted you can either post or not post a figure, and that these postings are not immediately apparent? It stands to reason that a &quot;no post&quot; should have been made apparent. Why didn't Lu Xiaojun follow himself? What decides the order of lifts? Seriously, isn't this weird? The klaxon sounded on the second cycle for Lu Xiaojun's attempt at 177kg. Why didn't the klaxon sound at the end of Lu Haojie's 1 minute &quot;no post&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15072" LastEditorUserId="15072" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T19:20:20.630" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T19:20:20.630" Title="Why didn't Lu Xiaojun get to lift 177kg at the 2012 London Olympic Games?" Tags="|rules|olympics|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-03T13:18:28.470" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18066" CreationDate="2018-04-01T19:47:19.847" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only if it is a shooting foul.  If Player B blocks the shot, he is awarded a block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some fouls are called in the progress of a play, but are determined to be on the floor (non-shooting foul).  In this instance, neither a shot attempt, nor a block is counted.  No stats are kept for this block. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T00:06:17.950" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T00:06:17.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-01T20:10:27.347" Score="1" ViewCount="594" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct call when a runner misses third base; touches the plate and then goes back to third and is called out trying to score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15077" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T17:17:18.587" Title="Runner Misses Third Base" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24761" CreationDate="2018-04-02T02:14:06.820" Score="2" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most outfielders have a designation where they play every game.  It seems that in parks like Minute Maid Park (home of the Houston Astros) and Fenway (home of the Boston Red Sox), left field would be the position where you'd place the outfielder with the least athletic ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How often do managers swap these positions when visiting other ballparks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T09:00:09.700" LastActivityDate="2020-04-20T22:22:07.327" Title="How easy is it for a LF to play RF and vice versa?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18071" CreationDate="2018-04-02T16:16:39.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the runner missed third base, then they are not entitled to score and are not in a safe position until and unless they return to third.  (Sounds like this was happening).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the runner is tagged with the ball before returning to third base, it's an out.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Touching or not touching home plate doesn't matter much here.  The runner shouldn't be automatically out for doing so.  Although as a little league game, there may be some additional rules that differ from mlb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T16:16:39.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16630" CreationDate="2018-04-02T17:13:55.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have play by play data going back only to 1952, so this also an incomplete answer, but there have been 30 such incidences of back-to-back home runs, one tying the game, and one winning the game for teams in that time frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a sampling from this decade:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;July 26, 2017 - Blue Jays, Smoak/Morales&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;August 26, 2016 - Astros, Correa/Gattis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;August 19, 2016 - Indians, Ramirez/Naquin (Naquin hit an inside-the-parkwalk-off home-run!)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;June 18, 2014 - Red Sox, Ortiz/Napoli&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;May 19, 2013 - Phillies, Kratz/Galvis (both came off of Aroldis Chapman, one of only two multiple-HR-appearances by Chapman. The other came in 2016 against the Twins)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;May 7, 2013 - Reds, Mesoraco/Choo     (both off of Craig Kimbrel - the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; multiple-HR-appearance in Kimbrel's career)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;September 15, 2012 - Royals, Butler/Perez&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Now, we have Christian Yelich/Ryan Braun for the Brewers on April 3, 2018!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Retrosheet data - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.retrosheet.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;retrosheet.org&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15080" LastEditorUserId="15080" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T02:54:48.693" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T02:54:48.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="701" CreationDate="2018-04-02T23:24:38.970" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per new ICC Rule amendment (Sept 26th, 2017) Catch taken after hitting helmet of the fielder is a fair catch. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15083" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T21:57:08.130" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T21:57:08.130" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18078" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-02T23:52:15.850" Score="5" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a game on the 1st April 2018, the Minnesota Twins are making a big deal of the fact that Baltimore Orioles catcher bunted in the 9th inning to get on base when his team was down 7-0. I'm having some difficulty understanding why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the ESPN article: &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/23001797/minnesota-twins-upset-chance-sisco-baltimore-orioles-bunted-vs-shift-9th&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chance Sisco's bunt vs. shift in 9th upsets Twins&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, the Orioles were down 7-0. Sisco gets up to bat in the 9th inning, and the Twins shift their defenders toward the right side of the field. Seeing a gap in the defense, he bunted up the third base line and got on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain to me why this is a problem and why there are numerous articles and tweets about how bent out of shape the Twins are about this? It seems like a sound offensive strategy -- put the ball where the defenders are not. It's what I was coached to do in little league baseball and high school softball, so I'm quite puzzled why this is a &quot;bad&quot; thing to have done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15084" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T18:34:49.093" LastActivityDate="2020-07-04T19:05:15.550" Title="Why was Sisco's 9th inning bunt vs the Minnesota Twins a bad play?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18082" CreationDate="2018-04-03T10:22:54.553" Score="3" ViewCount="1207" Body="&lt;p&gt;A league of 8 teams playing with each other 2 times, 3 teams have equal points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A vs B:   2-0, 2-1  &#xA;C vs A:   2-0, 2-1&#xA;B vs C:   6-2, 1-2&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Goal difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A -2&#xA;B -1&#xA;C -12&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Which team is above A, B or C?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tie-breaker rules:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Point obtained  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Direct confrontation between 2 tying team  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Superior goal difference  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15087" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T14:22:35.810" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T14:22:35.810" Title="What will be the standing of teams in a situation, where 3 teams have equal points and tournament rules don't specify tie-breakers between 3 teams?" Tags="|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18052" CreationDate="2018-04-03T11:04:29.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Philip Kendall Said in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18054/13485&quot;&gt;his answer&lt;/a&gt;, BCCI have refused all NOC applications for Indian players to play in foreign T20 tournaments &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/570934.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. But many articles speculate few other reasons for this like,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) wants their players to feature in domestic competitions which take place at the same time in December and January.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;BCCI is also keen to give their senior players a breather, as the cricketers play a number of international matches in a calendar year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;BCCI thinks if Indian audience gets to see their cricketers play in other tournaments, the interest in IPL will diminish.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Board officials say that they don't want a situation like West Indies to emerge in India where most of their top cricketers are busy playing T20 cricket by ignoring the national team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;BCCI thinks that if players are allowed to play in foreign leagues, it will dilute the IPL's brand (i.e; to protect IPL's revenue).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/570934.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why Indians don't play in foreign T20 tournaments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/80427/hope-indian-players-could-play-big-bash-league-in-the-future-says-australian-legend-adam-gilchrist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hope Indian players could play BBL in the future: Adam Gilchrist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ibtimes.co.in/big-bash-league-india-skipper-ms-dhoni-open-playing-bbl-662795&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Big Bash League: India skipper MS Dhoni open to playing in BBL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.firstpost.com/sports/bccis-refusal-to-allow-indian-cricketers-in-foreign-leagues-depriving-team-of-t20-specialists-3374610.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BCCI's refusal to allow Indian cricketers in foreign leagues depriving team of T20 specialists&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/will-bcci-allow-indians-to-play-in-away-leagues/articleshow/60302263.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Will BCCI allow Indians to play in away leagues?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newsbytesapp.com/timeline/Sports/10348/56625/indian-players-to-play-in-foreign-t20-leagues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Will BCCI allow Indian players to participate in global leagues?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T11:04:29.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18080" CreationDate="2018-04-03T12:30:47.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Assuming that your example is correct and the tournament rules don't mention any further details...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If those three teams all have the same amount of points and the results are correct we can safely use the &quot;direct confrontation&quot; you've mentioned. In the real world it is usually a small table using only the results between those teams that are tied for points, in this case our three teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A has 2 wins, 2 losses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B has 1 win, 3 losses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team C has 3 wins, 1 loss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This results in the following mini table:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Rank Team  Pts  Goals  GD&#xA; 1.    C    9    8-8    0&#xA; 2.    A    6    5-5    0&#xA; 3.    B    3    8-8    0&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the final table the order is C &gt; A &gt; B and the goal difference doesn't matter in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T12:39:07.317" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T12:39:07.317" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4054" CreationDate="2018-04-03T18:30:39.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The weight of the sled has no impact on the speed.  All objects fall towards earth at exactly the same acceleration due to gravity (assuming similar aerodynamics).  However, weight does effect the ability to steer the sled through the course.  Some commentators have stated that the four man sled is slightly easier to maintain a straight line through the course (I would speculate that was due to inertia), which translates into less contact with the sides, which means less friction and loss of momentum on the way down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13362" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T18:30:39.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18103" CreationDate="2018-04-04T00:46:45.850" Score="0" ViewCount="1082" Body="&lt;p&gt;As part of a mathematics class, I have to identify sports played on a square, not rectangular, playing surface. For example, basketball and football are both played on a rectangular field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following sports are not allowed as answers for this assignment: jiu jitsu, taekwondo, boxing, wrestling, four square, baseball, and chess. It must be a physical, contact sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15090" LastEditorUserId="15090" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T19:42:47.080" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T18:54:20.487" Title="What sports are played on a square (besides a given list of exceptions)?" Tags="|rules|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18052" CreationDate="2018-04-04T05:02:09.277" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think Indian players do not play in other countries leagues like BBL, BigBash, NatWest T20 Blast, PSL etc. because of several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;BCCI does not allow them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Busy Schedule due to International matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some players like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virat_Kohli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Virat Kohli&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Dhoni&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MS Dhoni&lt;/a&gt; have a very high status. They prefer not to play in such a small league.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in some conditions, Indian players prefer foreign league. For example, Kohli recently confirmed that he would play in a county match in England because he didn't play well in past India tour of England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15091" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T11:34:52.740" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T11:34:52.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18088" CreationDate="2018-04-04T05:06:46.457" Score="3" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hear the news that due to Injury, Mitchell Starc and Chris Lynn will not play in current IPL-2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it confirmed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15091" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T05:19:41.490" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T05:35:39.980" Title="Is it confirmed that Mitchell Starc and Chris Lynn will not play In IPL 2018?" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18087" CreationDate="2018-04-04T05:27:15.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it seems Chris Lynn will play in IPL 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-2018-chris-lynn-has-a-hit-sunil-naraine-bowls-at-kkr-nets-1706055.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;News18 article&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kolkata: A fit-again Chris Lynn was seen batting in full flow along with Sunil Narine as two-time former champions Kolkata Knight Riders geared up for the Indian Premier League with a practice match at the Eden Gardens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having recovered sufficiently from a dislocated shoulder suffered during the recent T20I tri-series against Australia, &lt;strong&gt;Lynn headed to training less than 24 hours&lt;/strong&gt; after he joined along with veteran speedster Mitchell Johnson, who opted to rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The docs and the physios are happy so that's all I can do Fingers crossed I can keep going in the right direction. I'm doing everything I can to get back out there&lt;/strong&gt;, Lynn had told Cricket Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas Mitchell Starc will not play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-2018-aussie-pacer-mitchell-starc-to-miss-tournament-due-to-injury-1703765.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;News18 article&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Mitchell Starc has a 'tibial bone stress in his right leg'. He will return home for further assessment after the Test and will miss the IPL,&amp;quot; Cricket Australia announced on Twitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/CricketAus/status/979625386500861953&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;that tweet&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14598" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T05:35:39.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18068" CreationDate="2018-04-04T09:34:40.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia has always been the most outspoken cricketing nation in regards to cheating and doping. Remember Shane Warne himself was suspended for a year when he was caught for doping and this was after all he did was take diet pills with banned substances in (After his mother told him he looked fat on TV, apparently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For them to be caught cheating so blatantly must be a massive embarrassment for a nation that has prided themselves on being honest and hard playing. So the bans seem to be in line with their previous attitudes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, it will be highly unlikely that we see Warner and Smith ever play for Australia again, these bans may, in all honesty, may just as well have been permanent, because I cannot really see CA every picking such players that have been such a disgrace ever again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T09:34:40.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18092" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-04T11:37:24.537" Score="0" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Bowler is called for throwing while he took 4 wickets and a hat trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be neglected and the records he made in that match are discarded if he is declared throwing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T12:35:37.247" LastActivityDate="2019-02-08T15:00:20.337" Title="Will records in a particular match be discarded if the bowler is called for throwing?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18034" CreationDate="2018-04-04T11:46:45.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually it was not tape.. The yellow object was &quot;SandPaper&quot;, which is used to make one side rough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In what is an extensive and revealing statement, Warner appears to&#xA;  have been the brains behind the decision to go into the third day of&#xA;  the third Test with a plan to cheat by altering the surface of the&#xA;  ball with “sandpaper” – not sticky tape covered in dirt as Bancroft&#xA;  first alluded to in a press conference – which Bancroft then carried&#xA;  out only to be caught by television cameras. - News Report&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/steve-smith-banned-david-warner-cameron-bancroft-cheating-ball-tampering-video-australia-a8277586.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;independent.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cricket.com.au/news/sandpaper-not-sticky-tape-revelation-australia-media-statement-ball-tampering-cameron-bancroft/2018-03-28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cricket.com.au&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/cameron-bancroft-ball-tampering-video-lied-sandpaper-sticky-tape-australia-cheating-a8278986.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;independent.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-05-04T12:38:09.830" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T12:38:09.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18102" CreationDate="2018-04-04T13:59:52.853" Score="5" ViewCount="31387" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest additional time ever used in Europe's top five leagues? Please mention the details of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T09:58:54.400" LastActivityDate="2023-11-11T21:29:12.653" Title="What is the longest additional time ever added in Europe's top five leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17345" CreationDate="2018-04-04T14:23:27.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a long-time swimmer, I think this is just a coordination issue - a bit like trying to rub your stomach while patting your head. When you think about one part, the other tends to stop until you 'train' your brain to do both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rather than using a pull-buoy as suggested by the other answer, I would suggest a different exercise: use a kick board held out in front of you with one arm, and practice using the other arm to pull and breathe to that side (pick the side you find most comfortable breathing on). Kick with your legs the entire time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using a kick board in this way has several benefits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your body will stay flat on the water which makes kicking easier.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doing single arm pull is less to think about so you can focus on the pull-breath-kick mechanic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Additional buoyancy towards your head will make breathing easier.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you get used to doing it on your dominant side, switch arms and do the other side (it's important to breathe both sides if you want a balanced stroke), then try doing full stroke again and see if it has helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7615" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T14:23:27.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-04T21:59:57.243" Score="-1" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;consider a league of 10 teams&#xA;Each play each other two time&#xA;No Home/Away&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 team, A, B &amp;amp; C have same number of points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A vs B  2 - 0 2 - 1&#xA;B vs C 2- 1  2 - 0&#xA;C vs A  6 - 2  1 -2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules apply&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if two teams or more, end the championship with the same number of points the following shall&#xA;apply in the order of priority as given below:&#xA;a) Higher number of points.&#xA;b. Direct confrontation between two tying teams&#xA;C.superior g.differerence between the team in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 2&#xA;if two teams or more, end the championship with the same number of points the following shall&#xA;apply in the order of priority as given below:&#xA;a) Higher number of points obtained in matches among the team in questions.&#xA;b. Same as rule 1b&#xA;C. Same as rule 1c&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what is the difference between these two rules and the standing in each case???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15087" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T08:59:23.530" Title="Soccer Standings" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16013" CreationDate="2018-04-04T23:54:21.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here you can find a research by Psychonomic Society from 2011 &lt;a href=&quot;https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-011-0252-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;On the advantage of being left-handed in volleyball: further evidence of the specificity of skilled visual perception&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which has the following conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] findings indicating side-specific visual perception support the&#xA;  assumption that the orientation of action presentation has a&#xA;  considerable influence on athletes’ anticipation performance in&#xA;  interactive sporting situations. Even at the early developmental&#xA;  stages of perceptual expertise, highly specific adaptations occur to&#xA;  the cognitive system, and after years of practice, these adaptations&#xA;  become highly specific (Ericsson &amp;amp; Lehmann, 1996). [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15098" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T13:22:31.443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T13:22:31.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18128" CreationDate="2018-04-05T02:49:38.153" Score="2" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/video/wild-catch-overturned-in-5th/c-1906980883&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This play led to an overturned call&lt;/a&gt; in a game between the Blue Jays and White Sox in April 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bases were loaded, the ball was caught deep, and the umpire mistakenly calls a flyout. Runners returned back to the bases. The call was later overturned, runners were awarded a base, and no outs were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner at third did not attempt to reach the home plate, but run was awarded anyway. What is the rationale behind the umpire's decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15100" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-05T19:47:56.563" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T19:50:35.680" Title="White Sox vs Blue Jays call overturned, why was a run awarded?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18095" CreationDate="2018-04-05T03:23:10.620" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English Premier League&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60005893&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brentford and Wolverhampton&lt;/a&gt; on 22 January 2022 had at least 19 minutes of stoppage time at the end of the first half, after the match had to be temporarily halted due to a drone hovering over the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referee Peter Bankes took both teams off the pitch just after the half-hour mark when the device was spotted above the Brentford Community Stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When play did eventually resume, 19 minutes were added on at the end of the first half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La Liga&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/western-sydney-wanderers-and-guangzhou-play-longest-injury-time-in-asian-football-history-20150305-13vu1s.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona vs Espanyol 2008&lt;/a&gt; match got extended for 13 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While not technically &amp;quot;injury time,&amp;quot; the fireworks of the Catalan derby between Espanyol and Barcelona were extended for &lt;em&gt;13 minutes&lt;/em&gt; in 2008 after fans continued to disrupt play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ligue 1&lt;/strong&gt; (not sure whether this is longest or not)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42208757&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strasbourg vs PSG 02 Dec 2017&lt;/a&gt; had nine minutes of stoppage time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PSG had chances to win during &lt;em&gt;nine minutes of stoppage time&lt;/em&gt; ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42208757&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pressure was intensely applied to the Strasbourg goal, with nine minutes of stoppage time giving them even greater hope of a leveller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/report?gameId=482262&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strasbourg defended relentlessly during &lt;em&gt;nine minutes of stoppage time&lt;/em&gt; ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/ligue-1/eurobeat-psgs-first-loss-of-season-to-ligue-1-minnow-bayern-munich-extend-bundesliga-lead/news-story/0a477e3b8f90647273b4c56f71568ffa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/strong&gt; (not sure whether this is longest or not)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-tza/news/lewis-holtby-makes-history-with-100th-minute-goal-in-bizarre/ftj7bndw6bj1sbv3edfpcu0e&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cologne vs Hamburg 2017&lt;/a&gt; had 13 minutes of added time. In this game Lewis Hotlby made history by scoring a Bundesliga goal in the 100th minute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bizarre Bundesliga match between Cologne and Hamburg saw two goals and a VAR review during over &lt;em&gt;13 minutes of added time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-tza/news/lewis-holtby-makes-history-with-100th-minute-goal-in-bizarre/ftj7bndw6bj1sbv3edfpcu0e&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The extremely late action came because of an injury to referee Felix Brych early in the second half, with the final whistle ultimately blown in the &lt;em&gt;114th minute&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sports.opera.com/?sport=soccer&amp;amp;page=news&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;news_id=1028489&amp;amp;localization_id=www&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other notable matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/nov/29/theknowledge.sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brentford vs Bristol City in 2000-01&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/890491.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...there were about &lt;strong&gt;23 minutes of stoppage time in the first-half alone&lt;/strong&gt; after a broken leg, a dislocated shoulder (Bees striker Lloyd Owusu passed out from the pain and an ambulance had to be driven up to the pitch), and serious concussion caused the delay...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/western-sydney-wanderers-and-guangzhou-play-longest-injury-time-in-asian-football-history-20150305-13vu1s.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Western Sydney Wanderers vs Guangzhou Evergrande&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seventeen minutes&lt;/strong&gt; did the board read, the longest added time in the Asian Champions league, the A-League and all recorded Asian premier leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/gold-cup/story/mexico-advance-gold-cup-final-controversial-calls-panama-2-1-andres-guardado-match-report-072215&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mexico vs Panama Gold Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Geiger then awarded an 89th-minute penalty when Torres fell on the ball after an attempted clearance to plunge the game into extra time and spark a &lt;em&gt;10-minute stoppage&lt;/em&gt; marred by flying beverages and scuffles on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/gold-cup/story/mexico-advance-gold-cup-final-controversial-calls-panama-2-1-andres-guardado-match-report-072215&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The match was &lt;em&gt;delayed for more than 10 minutes&lt;/em&gt; before order was restored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/gold-cup-panama-mexico-penalty-2015-7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Note: Haven't found any resources for Serie A, not sure the one I mentioned for Ligue 1, Bundesliga is the longest or not. Question mentions injury/stoppage time. Thanks to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/14543/dly&quot;&gt;dly&lt;/a&gt; for information on Bundesliga.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-01-22T19:58:59.260" LastActivityDate="2022-01-22T19:58:59.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18085" CreationDate="2018-04-05T06:44:45.030" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, the pitch that is played on is prepared on a square of carefully cultivated grass, it is also sometimes called the cricket square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T06:44:45.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18060" CreationDate="2018-04-05T08:58:47.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;College men's basketball were played in four 10-minute quarters between 1951-52 and 1954-55 seasons and later it changed back to being played in two 20-minute halves&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Important rules and NCAA rule changes omitting rule changes not concerning the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From Dr. James Naismith's 13 original rules of basketball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;....&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’ rest between.&#xA;  ...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Important rule changes by the year: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1891-92&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The 13 original rules of basketball were written by Dr. James Naismith in&#xA;  December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1905-06&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Games were played in two 20-minute halves with a 10-minute rest time between the halves.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1951-52&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Games were played in four 10-minute quarters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1954-55&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Games were changed back to being played in two 20-minute halves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from the source of this data:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The earliest rules book available for this research was from the 1905-06 season. Some of the rules listed in 1905-06 could have actually been instituted before that season&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it seems that the &lt;strong&gt;games were played in two 20-minute halves with a 10-minute rest time between the halves according to 1905-06 rule&lt;/strong&gt;, changing from &lt;em&gt;Dr. James Naismith's original rules of two 15-minute halves&lt;/em&gt;. (I have found no resources why and when this happened)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And games were played in &lt;strong&gt;four 10-minute quarters&lt;/strong&gt; between 1951-52 and 1954-55 seasons and later it &lt;strong&gt;changed back to being played in two 20-minute halves&lt;/strong&gt;. (I have found no resources why this change happened)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_basketball_RB/2018/Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_basketball#History_of_NCAA_Basketball_Rule_Changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia - History of NCAA Basketball Rule Changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T08:42:36.407" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T08:42:36.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18098" CreationDate="2018-04-05T08:59:23.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like already mentioned in your &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18080/what-will-be-the-standing-of-teams-in-a-situation-where-3-teams-have-equal-poin&quot;&gt;other question&lt;/a&gt; there is &lt;strong&gt;no difference&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Let's use two teams first...&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now for example A and B are tied for points and played 1-1 and 0-3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;direct confrontation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A has a draw and loss = 1 point and 1-4 goals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B has a draw and win = 4 points and 4-1 goals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B wins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Points to win:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A still has 1 point and 1-4 goals &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B still has 4 points and 4-1 goals &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B wins &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With 3 teams:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases the winner of the tie will be the one with the most points.&#xA;If you want to compare more than two team's results for the direct confrontation rule it is necessary to add up all results between the tied teams. It does not work to just compare A with B and B with C and A with C. Yes, they would have won one duel each, but the &lt;strong&gt;results&lt;/strong&gt; count, &lt;strong&gt;not the comparisons&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You try to do this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A wins against B -&gt; 1 for A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B wins against C -&gt; 1 for B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C wins against A -&gt; 1 for C&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While that is technically true you would ignore the actual results, which is all the league table is about. Even in direct confrontation only the results matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you have to accumulate all results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A played against B and C -&gt; take all matches against B and C into account. A won 3 out of 4 matches against B &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; C. That is what matters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the same for the other teams and you can create a table from the results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A won both matches against B and one against C = 3 wins = 9 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;B won both matches against C = 2 wins = 6 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C won only one match against A = 1 win = 3 points&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T08:59:23.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4022" CreationDate="2018-04-05T16:06:52.143" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This a link which I came upon recently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thisisinsider.com/most-watched-winter-olympic-sport-in-every-country-2018-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.thisisinsider.com/most-watched-winter-olympic-sport-in-every-country-2018-2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T16:06:52.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18110" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-05T17:01:57.443" Score="2" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest ban ever imposed in any major league in football (excluding life bans)? Please provide the offence and the duration of the ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-05T19:54:32.773" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T19:56:44.587" Title="What is the longest suspension ever imposed in any major league in football?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18110" CreationDate="2018-04-05T19:18:36.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The longest ban excluding life ban is of &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tsmsportz.com/football/longest-players-bans/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 months ban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Barton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joey Barton&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional footballers are not allowed to bet on football, any football. But Joey Barton did repeatedly and consistently between 2006 and 2016, making a total of 1,260 bets during that time, including on matches in which he actually played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having been found guilty by the FA in April 2017, 34-year-old Barton was fined £30,000 and banned from all football activity for a period of 18 months, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.90min.in/posts/4921716-11-of-the-longest-bans-in-football-history-where-does-joey-barton-rank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... The English star is now serving an 18 months ban from all football activities. This time he did what professional footballers are not allowed to do. FA found him guilty of betting between 2006 and 2016. In fact, he had placed 1,260 bets in that period. He was found guilty on April 2017, fined £30,000 and banned. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sokkaa.com/2018/01/04/banished-top-7-longest-bans-time-football-history/2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Excluding the cases&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sokkaa.com/2018/01/04/banished-top-7-longest-bans-time-football-history/2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt; Don Revie - 10 years ban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FA tried to impose a 10-year football ban on legendary former Leeds manager Don Revie at the end of his time in charge of the England national team in the late 1970s. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was only &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;overturned in court&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; after the FA was deemed to have exceeded its power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.90min.in/posts/4921716-11-of-the-longest-bans-in-football-history-where-does-joey-barton-rank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sokkaa.com/2018/01/04/banished-top-7-longest-bans-time-football-history/2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Enoch West- 30 years ban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...  &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;initially banned for life&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; over match fixing allegations in a game in 1915.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... West, meanwhile, remained banned from football until 1945 when his suspension was finally lifted. He was 59-years-old by then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.90min.in/posts/4921716-11-of-the-longest-bans-in-football-history-where-does-joey-barton-rank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T19:56:44.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18127" CreationDate="2018-04-05T21:39:27.580" Score="3" ViewCount="781" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have watched about 20 games this season so far, but haven't been able to glean whether changing a pitcher counts against the 6 allotted mound visits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone clarify this definitively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T15:40:59.280" Title="MLB Mound Visits: do pitching changes count?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18116" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-05T21:42:20.513" Score="3" ViewCount="4434" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will happen in the event that a manager or coaching staff member, (or player) attempts to approach the mound when there are no Mound Visits Remaining?  Will the initiating visitor be ejected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: According to the current MLB Rule Book, it does not appear to be explicitly stated.  However, it seems that it would follow the protocol for when a manager visits his pitcher twice in the same inning without removing him: the manager is ejected; the current pitcher must face the current batter; then the pitcher must be removed from the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T15:49:05.213" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T20:53:38.300" Title="MLB Mound Visits: initiating a visit when MVR = 0" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18117" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-06T00:28:09.087" Score="6" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently watching the highlights of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt; Quarter-final between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_knockout_stage#Brazil_vs_France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France and Brasil&lt;/a&gt;. In that match &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinedine_Zidane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zidane&lt;/a&gt; was playing for France, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldinho&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronaldinho&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldo_(Brazilian_footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt; for Brasil, all previous golden ball winners, and also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kak%C3%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kaka&lt;/a&gt;, who will win the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;golden ball&lt;/a&gt; in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the football match that had on the field the highest number of golden ball winners? I did a quick google search, but nothing came up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T06:45:08.257" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T11:10:50.243" Title="What football match had on the playing field the highest number of golden ball (Ballon d'or) winners?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18118" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18120" CreationDate="2018-04-06T05:46:03.280" Score="3" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest ban ever imposed in cricket (excluding life bans)? Please provide the offence and the duration of the ban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T04:57:33.670" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T04:57:33.670" Title="What is the longest ban ever imposed in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18117" CreationDate="2018-04-06T06:30:56.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The football match that I could find which had on the field the highest number of golden ball winners at that time is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/fc-barcelona_real-madrid/index/spielbericht/27991&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barcelona v/s Real Madrid Nov 20, 2004&lt;/a&gt;, which is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;4&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; all from Real Madrid not counting future winners. Despite the presence of 4 golden ball winners Real Madrid lost the match 3-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Barca :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ronaldinho*&lt;/strong&gt; (2005)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi*&lt;/strong&gt; (On bench/Unused substitute, first in 2009)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Madrid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ronaldo&lt;/strong&gt; (Brazilian)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Luis Figo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zinedine Zidane&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Owen&lt;/strong&gt; (Came as a substitute to David Beckham in 55 min)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Messi and Ronaldinho were actually future winners at that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notable 2nd the 3rd runners up who were also present in the match are FCB (Xavi, Deco, Iniesta, Frank Rijkaard (Coach)), RM (Beckham, Roberto Carlos).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-31T11:10:50.243" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T11:10:50.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18118" CreationDate="2018-04-06T06:47:49.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Excluding life bans&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulam_Bodi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gulam Bodi&lt;/a&gt; holds the record for longest suspension of 20 years&lt;/strong&gt;. He was banned in 2012 by CSA for match fixing scandal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tsmsportz.com/cricket/longest-banned-cricketers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/965455.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Cricinfo article&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cricket South Africa has banned Gulam Bodi for 20 years from participating in any international or domestic match, or any cricket activity other than anti-corruption programs after he admitted to contriving or attempting to fix matches during the 2015 Ram Slam T20 series. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14598" LastEditorUserId="14598" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T06:53:30.787" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T06:53:30.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18121" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-06T08:01:35.557" Score="0" ViewCount="753" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve recently started boxing and I’m left hand dominant,right leg dominant and right eye dominant. I feel more comfortable in orthodox but on the pads my coach says my left is stronger. My left would be faster but only very slightly. If I was to draw a bow and arrow I would pull it back with my right. So do I stay orthodox, or move to southpaw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15112" LastEditorUserId="15112" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T16:11:34.507" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T08:21:30.070" Title="Stance for left handed, right footed boxer?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-03-05T07:29:33.687" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18130" CreationDate="2018-04-06T10:54:48.943" Score="5" ViewCount="17065" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, when FC Barcelona signed Arthur from Brazil, reports regarding another new signing Yerry Mina being sent on loan due to some foreign player restrictions surfaced. What is this rule and do similar rules exist in Europe's other top leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T21:46:36.177" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T09:15:44.550" Title="Foreign player rule in La Liga" Tags="|rules|football|transfer|la-liga|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18123" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-06T11:46:30.107" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the final result of Golden ball or Fifa awards determined by votes and not based on statistics? Better stats show better performance eg. Messi had more goals &#xA;and assists than Ronaldo last season at Europe. But Ronaldo won both the awards. Again chance of a goalkeeper winning these awards also seems to be very less (Buffon finishing 3rd in 2006 was the last notable one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T12:14:25.503" Title="Ballon d or/Fifa the best" Tags="|football|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18123" CreationDate="2018-04-06T12:14:25.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pretty simple: &lt;em&gt;What statistics?&lt;/em&gt; Where do you start and where do you stop calculating? Is someone who scored more goals really the better player or did he have help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't compare defenders with strikers using simple math. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Count goals and no defender or keeper will ever win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Count appearances and it'll almost be mandatory to reach the CL final (or other continental tournaments) to get as many games as possible. And who plays often doesn't automatically qualify to be the best player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Count ratings and it will again be subjective, because they rely on human decisions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A keeper with most clean sheets usually has a great defense and a striker with 30 goals usually has someone with 20 assists in their team. Who decides if that striker or keeper performed great or if the team was just remarkable?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T12:14:25.503" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18115" CreationDate="2018-04-06T15:40:59.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found, in the 2018 MLB Rule Book, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 5.10(m)(1): Mound visits without a pitching change shall be&#xA;  limited to six per team, per nine innings. For any extra-innings&#xA;  played, each team shall be entitled to one additional nonpitching&#xA;  change mound visit per inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like pitching changes are not considered Mound Visits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T15:40:59.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18101" CreationDate="2018-04-06T19:50:35.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because this question is not about the actual play, but instead the call and response to it, there's just nothing in the rule book to help.  There may be some umpiring documents that would be relevant, but I have no access to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So instead I'll give a rationalization based on the principle of &amp;quot;what would probably have happened if the screwup didn't occur&amp;quot; (similar to how fan interference is dealt with).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proper initial call would have been that the outfielder did not complete the catch, and that the ball is live.  The runner on third was not tagging up and would have easily trotted home.  An argument could be made that the runner on second could have scored as well, but the conservative arrangement is to give all runners one base.  The actions of any player after the out was signaled are irrelevant.  The runner on third only went back because of the incorrect &amp;quot;out&amp;quot; signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/news/replay-overturns-curtis-granderson-wall-catch/c-270867326&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB article&lt;/a&gt; by Gregor Chisholm mentions that because this was a replay overturn, the specifics of what to do with the runners were handled by the replay officials, not the on-field crew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;We go and tell Toronto's manager, [John] Gibbons, that if they overturn this, there would be a placement of runners in New York. We don't place the runners, replay handled all that.&amp;quot; -- Third base umpire Jerry Layne&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The replay crew in New York then had to determine where those runners would have ended up if the correct call on the field had been made. As a result, it was based on their judgment that all runners would move up one bag and Moncada would be awarded first base with a single.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T19:50:35.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18122" CreationDate="2018-04-06T22:33:52.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;h1&gt;La Liga&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;La Liga regulations permit up to three &quot;foreign&quot; players per team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Foreign&quot; refers to a player from outside the European Union. Due to a legal ruling over a handball player in Germany, there are exceptions for people from countries with EU association agreements (because a quota that counts them is a restriction on their employment opportunity contrary to such an agreement).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players with ancestry of an EU country may also use this to be counted as an EU player, and therefore not as foreign. For example, Argentine players of Italian descent have used this method to avoid the quota.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Other Countries&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germany's Bundesliga 1 and 2 do not have a maximum foreign player limit, but instead a minimum &quot;local&quot; player limit. At least 8 players must have played for the club in three seasons each before turning 25, and at least 4 further players must have done the same at any German club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;France's Ligue 1 appears to have a limit of five foreign players (with a similar meaning as above) and further allows only four to be playing on the field at any time. However sources on this are unclear as to whether the five is actually four (and thus the second limit is unnecessary). Actual regulations are not easy to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English Premier League currently requires a minimum of 6 &quot;home-grown&quot; players in the match list of 18, which is expected to rise to 7 and additionally require a &quot;club-grown&quot; player in 2018-19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably this rule explicitly disregards nationality or citizenship. Such players must have played three seasons or three years for an English or Welsh-affiliated club before or during the year they turn 21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-07T09:15:44.550" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T09:15:44.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18122" CreationDate="2018-04-06T22:42:38.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Spanish La Liga there's a rule &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/06/06/5936c76d46163f8d368b4583.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;⁽¹⁾&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.as.com/en/2016/07/04/football/1467624819_728541.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;⁽²⁾&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.surinenglish.com/sport/201712/08/malaga-three-players-verge-20171207203924-v.html?ns_campaign=surinenglish&amp;amp;ns_mchannel=web&amp;amp;ns_source=noticias-relacionadas&amp;amp;ns_linkname=pos-2&amp;amp;ns_fee=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;⁽³⁾&lt;/a&gt; which states that each club can have up to 3 non-EU players (players from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States&lt;/a&gt; are excluded from that rule).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, 3 spots are reserved for &lt;strong&gt;Philippe Coutinho&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Paulinho&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Yerry Mina&lt;/strong&gt; (Other originally non-EU players, namely &lt;strong&gt;Messi&lt;/strong&gt; worked more than 5 years in Spain and acquired Spanish citizenship; &lt;strong&gt;Suarez&lt;/strong&gt; has Italian citizenship through his wife). Now, if Arthur joins the club, someone has to either leave or gain European citizenship. There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/barcelona-star-philippe-coutinho-follows-12020216&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rumors&lt;/a&gt; that Coutinho will apply for Portuguese citizenship through his wife to free up one space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The foreign player quotas of other top European leagues are well documented in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18130/12991&quot;&gt;@Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt;. These discriminating quota rules are actually not just a football thing and are practiced in other sports as well. Here you can find a paper by &lt;a href=&quot;http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1155&amp;amp;context=sportslaw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M. Greenberg and J. Gray &quot;Citizenship Based Quota Systems in Athletics&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which describes some citizenship based quota systems in sports and their expected effects on competitiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T12:33:29.273" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T12:33:29.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18135" CreationDate="2018-04-07T05:57:28.353" Score="0" ViewCount="866" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard this time &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/ipl-11-could-see-mid-season-transfers-7-pm-start-for-evening-matches-4236663.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPL match starts at 7 pm instead of 8 pm&lt;/a&gt;. Also, day match starts at 3 pm instead of 4 pm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I am asking about an exact time when players come out on the ground, not considering pre-match program like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraaa_Innings_T20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Extra Innings&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hotstar.com/tv/best-of-kent-cricket-live-2016/12298&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kent Cricket Live&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15091" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T18:52:47.613" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T18:52:47.613" Title="What is the exact time for start of the match in IPL 2018?" Tags="|cricket|media|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-09T12:43:00.967" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18134" CreationDate="2018-04-07T07:00:48.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iplt20.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPLT20.com&lt;/a&gt; clearly shows the match time as 4:00pm IST and 8:00pm IST, so this is the time the match will start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2kzmW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2kzmW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;ipl&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iplt20.com/schedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from &lt;a href=&quot;http://tvguide.starsports.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Star Sports TV guide&lt;/a&gt; schedule for these matches are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VznKA.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VznKA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8wEs6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8wEs6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1YiAj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1YiAj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you should tune in at around 3:50pm IST and 7:50pm IST to skip the pre-match program.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T07:00:48.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="324" CreationDate="2018-04-07T08:19:59.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIBA games, deliberately throwing the ball on the backboard without attempting a shot is equivalent to the player bouncing the ball on the floor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is then allowed only if you hadn't dribbled yet, in which case, you can dribble no more after you catch the ball again, but you can only pass or shoot. In all other circumstances (for example if you had already dribbled, or if you start dribbling after catching the ball) is a double dribble violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See art. 24 of FIBA's &quot;Offical Basketball Rules 2017 - Official Interpretations - valid as of 1st February 2018&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Art. 24 Dribbling&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24-1 Statement&lt;/strong&gt;. If a player deliberately throws the&#xA;  ball against a backboard (not attempting a legitimate shot for a field&#xA;  goal) this is considered as if the player has bounced the ball on the&#xA;  floor. If the player then touches the ball again before it has touched&#xA;  (or been touched by) another player, this is considered as a dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24-2 Example:&lt;/strong&gt; A1 has not yet dribbled when A1 throws the ball against&#xA;  the backboard and catches it again before another player has touched&#xA;  the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interpretation&lt;/em&gt;: After catching the ball A1 may shoot or pass&#xA;  but may not begin a new dribble. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;24-3 Example:&lt;/strong&gt; After ending a dribble&#xA;  either in the continuous motion or standing still, A1 throws the ball&#xA;  against the backboard and catches or touches it again before it has&#xA;  touched another player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interpretation&lt;/em&gt;: A1 has committed a double dribble violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="14151" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T08:26:46.327" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T08:26:46.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18193" CreationDate="2018-04-07T12:44:33.350" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to NBA and I would like to know if teams in Western Conference are globally better than those in Eastern Conference or if it is the opposite ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13173" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-04-07T15:31:18.927" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T17:18:59.887" Title="Are the NBA teams globally better in East or West conference?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18134" CreationDate="2018-04-07T17:59:18.967" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Evening match:-&#xA;Complementary time:&#xA;15:00 to 16:00,&#xA;Players playing time:&#xA;16:00 to 19:30,&#xA;Complementory:&#xA;19:30 to 19:45.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Night matche timing:-&#xA;Complementory:&#xA;19:45 to 20:00,&#xA;Players playing time:&#xA;20:00 to 23:30 &amp;amp; &#xA;Complementory&#xA;23:30 to 23:59.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15118" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T17:59:18.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-08T07:57:49.693" Score="1" ViewCount="557" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose the game is tied 0-0 in the bottom of 9th with bases loaded and no outs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batter hits the ball in play and the runner from 3rd reaches home plate before there is a force out at 3rd, 2nd and 1st (a triple play), then the run doesn’t count. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the runner at first is safe?  Does the game end 1-0 with no outs or 1-0 with two outs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15124" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T16:14:33.830" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T02:45:17.683" Title="The ending of a baseball game" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18142" CreationDate="2018-04-08T19:29:51.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the play does not result in a forced third out, then the game ends when the winning run scores.  Given the play description, it's almost certain that the force at third base happens before the run scores.  It's unlikely but not impossible that the run scores before the force at second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the most likely finish is 1-0 with two outs, but it depends on the order things happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T19:29:51.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18148" CreationDate="2018-04-08T22:14:21.223" Score="2" ViewCount="1560" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players set off to play in groups everyday. At each hole the partners in a groups tee off and then continue to hit their ball until they make it to the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At each hole, which player tees of first? Once they've all teed, who goes next? Also when can a player hit the ball consecutively without others doing so? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T22:29:33.427" Title="How do players take turn hitting the ball in golf" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18147" CreationDate="2018-04-08T22:29:33.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the rules: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;10-1 – Defines the order of play during match play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The player who tees off first at the first tee is the first player listed on the scorecard if the scorecard was arranged by authorities; otherwise it is decided by lot or other equitable means. &lt;strong&gt;The player with the lowest score on the previous hole tees off first at the next hole&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;During play of a hole, the player whose ball is farthest from the hole plays next;&lt;/strong&gt; if that cannot be determined, any equitable system including by lot (coin flip) or mutual agreement may be used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A player who plays out of turn incurs no penalty, but the opponent who should have played next may require that the stroke be cancelled and replayed at the proper time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taken from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_golf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; but that is linked to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usga.org/uploadedFiles/USGAHome/rules/CompleteROGbook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USPGA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T22:29:33.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18151" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-09T11:08:02.177" Score="0" ViewCount="335" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the maximum number of bowlers that can be used to complete a over in test cricket? I mean if one bowler's injured then use the next bowler. And in recent history what is the maximum number of bowlers'd been used for a single over in a test match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15130" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-04-09T13:39:22.530" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T13:39:22.530" Title="Maximum bowlers can be used to complete an over in test cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18151" CreationDate="2018-04-09T12:44:56.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What's the maximum number of bowlers can be used to complete a over in test cricket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only restriction in the Laws is that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the same bowler may not bowl part of two consecutive overs (Law 17.8)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If for any reason a bowler is incapacitated while running up to deliver the first ball of an over, or is incapacitated or suspended during an over, the umpire shall call and signal Dead ball.  Another bowler shall complete the over from the same end, provided that he/she does not bowl two overs consecutively, nor bowl parts of each of two consecutive overs, in that innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore I think the answer to this one is ten - every player that did not bowl the previous over can bowl part of this over. However, it is obviously more than a little unlikely that this would ever happen as it would require bowlers to be incapacitated or suspended without bowling a legal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, I don't think the Laws contain any provision for what happens if ten players on a team are suspended from bowling, say for all running on the protected area of the pitch - but I strongly suspect the umpires would declare a forfeit if a team ever started behaving like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T12:44:56.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18154" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-10T01:11:24.703" Score="5" ViewCount="859" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which team has scored the most goals during a single whole UEFA Champions League season, including their games in the group stage and any knockout matches they played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15133" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-10T10:52:40.187" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T10:52:40.187" Title="Which team has scored the most goals during a single whole UEFA Champions League season?" Tags="|football|trivia|records|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18154" CreationDate="2018-04-10T02:05:18.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE STATISTICS HANDBOOK 2017/18 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/88/2285688_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Facts and Figures (pg. no. 11)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most goals scored in a season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;45 from 16 games (av. 2.81) FC Barcelona 1999/00&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;41 from 13 games (av. 3.15) Real Madrid CF 2013/14&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;36 from 13 games (av. 2.77) Real Madrid CF 2016/17&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35 from 12 games (av. 2.92) FC Barcelona 2011/12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35 from 12 games (av. 2.92) Real Madrid CF 2011/12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35 from 16 games (av. 2.19) Real Madrid CF 2000/01&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35 from 17 games (av. 2.06) Real Madrid CF 1999/00&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35 from 17 games (av. 2.06) Real Madrid CF 2001/02&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2018/statistics/round=2000881/clubs/kind=goals/index.html#order=1desc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Visit this link&lt;/a&gt; for current season stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T02:05:18.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20467" CreationDate="2018-04-10T08:26:13.903" Score="3" ViewCount="898" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, one of the officials is the third umpire. Usually, they deliver a decision only when there is a referral from the on-field umpires or from a team in UDRS. Can the third umpire give or overturn an umpire decision without being asked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the field umpire calls and signals a no ball, and it is known to the third umpire that it is a fair delivery. In a situation like that, do the laws or regulations give authority to overrule the field umpire's call without referral?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they contact the field umpire and reverse the decision when it is clear the decision made by the field umpire is wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13458" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-12T20:10:00.470" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T10:21:42.090" Title="Can the third umpire overturn a decision without being referred from the field?" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4347" CreationDate="2018-04-10T12:39:07.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Keeping your body below the surface is quicker than trying to plow through the water. Think of it as in submarine vs. a speed boat. Submarine glides through the water nice and smooth, but a speed boat has this huge wave at the front as it tries to go forward. So, in swimming, eliminating or minimizing this bow wave is the key to swim faster (in other words - reducing drag). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should feel like you are swimming downhill. It feels awkward, but it is the way to go. However, everyone is a bit different, so if you feel your feet are kicking air, you will need to ease off on the pressure of your chest and head into the water. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the use of the kickboard, you are better off kicking on your sides while looking down and maintaining your hips at the surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a good article that explains it well: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.swimator.com/2011/01/your-body-as-tree-log-correct-head.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://blog.swimator.com/2011/01/your-body-as-tree-log-correct-head.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15138" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T12:39:07.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18162" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18163" CreationDate="2018-04-11T13:17:33.263" Score="1" ViewCount="12209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose we are playing a match/set for 11 points with 2 serves each. If one team get a lead of 7-0, does that mean that the team won that match/set?&#xA;What is the case for a match/set for 21 points? 11-0?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14625" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-11T16:39:24.997" LastActivityDate="2018-04-11T16:39:24.997" Title="In Table Tennis, does a 7-0 lead mean that set is won?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18162" CreationDate="2018-04-11T13:41:47.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing happens (officially).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the ITTF &lt;a href=&quot;https://d3mjm6zw6cr45s.cloudfront.net/2018/01/2018ITTFHandbook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.11 A Game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A game shall be won by the player or pair first scoring &lt;strong&gt;11 points&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;unless both players  or  pairs  score  10  points,  when  the  game&#xA;shall  be  won  by  the  first player or pair subsequently gaining a&#xA;lead of 2 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In unofficial matches there may be a so-called &lt;strong&gt;mercy rule&lt;/strong&gt; (or skunk rule), which may end a game after a 7-0 lead or other standings. Since no official rule about this exists any longer the requirements may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The USATT also has some extra &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatt.net/rules/basementRules.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basement rules&lt;/a&gt; (they're not real rules!) which still include a skunk rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12.1 Scores of 7-0, 11-1, 15-2, and 21-3 are game winning &amp;quot;skunks&amp;quot;. As if being &amp;quot;skunked&amp;quot; isn't bad enough, the skunkee may also be&#xA;required to perform push ups or drink two beers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12.2 The loser of a game is required to drink a beer. In the event of a &amp;quot;skunk&amp;quot; the loser must drink two beers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-11T13:41:47.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18171" CreationDate="2018-04-11T18:17:49.260" Score="2" ViewCount="869" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is   cricket the  second number game after football in terms of its  popularity? but some people are saying that squash is most playing game after football. I think cricket is most playing game after football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastEditorUserId="15146" LastEditDate="2018-04-12T14:14:54.617" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T19:39:13.417" Title="Is cricket the second most popular game after football?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-12T12:19:07.033" Score="3" ViewCount="2222" Body="&lt;p&gt;When is a player said to be a &lt;strong&gt;rookie&lt;/strong&gt; in North American major league sports? My understanding is that a rookie is a player that is playing his first professional season. But for how long is that player considered to be a rookie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have heard many times a player being discussed as a rookie even though he was in his second year. So is a player called a rookie only in the season he starts (I don't believe that's the case), or until he has played as many games as there in a full season, or for some other length of time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T13:53:03.273" Title="What constitutes a player as a rookie?" Tags="|terminology|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18168" CreationDate="2018-04-12T13:53:03.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rookie status varies between different sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/about_mlb/rules_regulations.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Determining rookie status:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player shall be considered a rookie unless, during a previous season or seasons, he has (a) exceeded 130&#xA;  at-bats or 50 innings pitched in the Major Leagues; or (b) accumulated&#xA;  more than 45 days on the active roster of a Major League club or clubs&#xA;  during the period of 25-player limit (excluding time in the military&#xA;  service and time on the disabled list).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in Baseball it is possible to be considered a rookie in your 2nd season or even later, if injuries or other things prevent you from being on the active roster long enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The NFL&lt;/strong&gt; uses the term just as you said, but has no definition in the rules. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/rookie.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a small statement about it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is Rookie?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a term used in most every sport at every level of competition,&#xA;  NFL football included, to refer to a &lt;strong&gt;first year player&lt;/strong&gt;. In the&#xA;  National Football League, a first year player may be acquired through&#xA;  the NFL Draft or as a free-agent if they went undrafted. (...) A rookie is not necessarily young,&#xA;  though this is usually the case. If a player has never played NFL&#xA;  football before, they are considered a rookie, despite their age. (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The NBA&lt;/strong&gt; does the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rookie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;same&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the National Basketball Association, a rookie is any player who has&#xA;  never played a game in the NBA until that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The MLS&lt;/strong&gt; is different again and a rookie is someone with no prior professional experience (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLS_Rookie_of_the_Year_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MLS, as opposed to other American sports leagues like Major League&#xA;  Baseball, only designates a player as a rookie if the player has had&#xA;  no prior professional experience. So, for example, although Taylor&#xA;  Twellman finished second in MVP voting in 2002, he was ineligible for&#xA;  the Rookie of the Year Award because he had played on the reserve team&#xA;  of 1860 Munich.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I don't know why he was ineligible, because 1860 Munich II played in the Regionalliga at this time, which is not a professional league (3rd division at this time) and he never played for the Bundesliga team of 1860 Munich)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the NHL&lt;/strong&gt; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder_Memorial_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; are pretty strict, because they take any major professional league into account and not just Ice Hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To be eligible for the award, a player cannot have played any more&#xA;  than 25 regular season games previously in any single season, nor have&#xA;  played in more than six regular season games in each of two separate&#xA;  preceding seasons in any major professional league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T13:53:03.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18164" CreationDate="2018-04-12T19:06:59.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the criteria being used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.totalsportek.com/most-popular-sports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Total Sportek&lt;/a&gt;, Cricket is the &lt;strong&gt;3rd&lt;/strong&gt; most popular sport after Football and Basketball, based on the following 13 criteria:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Global base &amp;amp; audience&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;TV  Viewership numbers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number Professional leagues around the world&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;TV rights deals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Endorsement &amp;amp; Sponsorship deals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average athlete salary in top league&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Biggest competition &amp;amp; (number of countries represented)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Social media presence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prominence in sports headlines on media outlets (websites, tv)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relevancy through the year&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Regional dominance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gender equality&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accessible to general public worldwide&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are many other lists with other results based on other criteria. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-most-popular-sports-in-the-world.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Atlas&lt;/a&gt; claims Cricket is &lt;strong&gt;2nd&lt;/strong&gt; while Basketball is &lt;strong&gt;7th&lt;/strong&gt; based solely on global following (i.e. the number of fans).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15150" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T19:06:59.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18173" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-13T09:44:48.187" Score="2" ViewCount="41100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a NFL team win their division games and have the best record for games within the division, however not have the best overall record, and be the division champion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15153" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T11:43:56.500" LastActivityDate="2019-10-22T15:01:25.090" Title="How are NFL division titles determined when a team has best record within division, but not in overall games?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18173" CreationDate="2018-04-13T11:17:49.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, easily. A team could go 6-0 against the other teams in its division but 0-10 against every opponent outside its division, thus giving it a record of 6-10.&#xA;Another team in the division could go 0-6 inside the division but 10-0 outside the division, giving it a record of 10-6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this happen? Yes, but probably not to that level. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2017_AFC_South_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 AFC South&lt;/a&gt;, Tennessee went 5-1 within the division and 4-6 outside it, given them an overall record of 9-7 while Jacksonville went 4-2 within the division and 6-4 outside it, giving them a record of 10-6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T11:17:49.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18176" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-13T15:59:03.120" Score="7" ViewCount="6047" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a YouTube collection of some &quot;heated&quot; plays (where people got ejected or the benches emptied) and quite a lot of them involved a batter hitting a home run, and the fielding team starting a fight over the batter staring too long at the ball in flight. The announcing teams made it obvious that &quot;looking at&quot; a home run was considered poor etiquette, but not really why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter standing at home, or jogging slowly to first, doesn't seem to me to be interfering with any kind of play, nor does it seem to be particularly rude to admire a well-hit ball. (It's not like these batters were being overtly insulting or aggressive towards the pitcher.) If anything, the batter is doing himself a disservice if the ball ends up in play -- he's wasting time that could go towards extra bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where did this element of baseball etiquette come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastEditorUserId="10924" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T23:38:03.490" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:36:48.163" Title="Why is it &quot;bad etiquette&quot; for a batter to watch a home run ball?" Tags="|baseball|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18178" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-14T11:33:41.357" Score="2" ViewCount="746" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IPL, Orange and Purple caps are awarded to the highest run scorer and highest wicket taker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, if an all-rounder takes highest wickets and scores highest runs then which cap he will be awarded with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15157" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-14T12:33:30.777" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T09:46:48.623" Title="If an allrounder takes highest wickets and scores highest runs then which cap he will be awarded with?" Tags="|cricket|awards|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-23T09:15:17.350" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2018-04-14T12:28:26.703" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about killed by a pitch?  (Tied with ITP WO GS by Clemente 1956)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The beaning of Ray Chapman was one of the most tragic moments in baseball history, as he died with in minutes after he was hit in the head by a fastball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chapman stepped to the plate against Carl Mays of the New York Yankees on August 16, 1920 and was unable to locate the submarine pitch. Since he never saw it coming, Chapman did not move out of the way and the pitch hit him squarely on the head &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15158" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T12:28:26.703" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18176" CreationDate="2018-04-14T12:37:54.747" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the home run ball is considered poor sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a pitcher, giving up a home run is the worst mistake you can make. And, right or wrong, many pitchers see it as an insult and get very angry when they have just given up a homer and the batter stops and stares at it. Sometimes they will be so angry that there will be retaliation against the batter, such as a hit-by-pitch on his next time up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fans, in general, don’t understand this. They like seeing celebrations in pro sports, whether it’s a touchdown dance or a slow victory lap after a home run. But the players often don’t feel the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fox Sports ran a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/mlb/just-a-bit-outside/story/home-run-admiration-and-bat-flips-style-or-poor-sportsmanship-100115&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;column explaining the players’ thinking.&lt;/a&gt; (Unfortunately, I can’t figure out who the author is.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What fans and some media fail to understand is that they don’t get to decide what is too much and what is not. They don’t get to decide what players should tolerate and what they shouldn’t. I don’t get to decide either. I played this game professionally 19 years but I don’t play anymore. The people that decide what is over the top, what is poor sportsmanship and what will receive retaliation are the 750 players on the field on any given day during the major-league season....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just because you are not personally offended by a player’s actions and are entertained by his antics does not make it acceptable or right, and the opposing players should not be shamed for taking offense....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally never got offended by home run celebrations unless they were overly excessive, which did happen a few times. Like you, I’m now a fan, and celebrations don’t bother me at all. I laugh when it happens and I’m entertained when I see a pitcher get worked up about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just because they entertain us though does not mean we should expect players who are on the receiving end of celebrations to just accept them. They certainly don’t deserve to be criticized when they don’t.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T12:37:54.747" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2018-04-14T13:06:23.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iplt20.com/news/115195&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPL Awards 2018&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match Awards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orange Cap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Orange Cap will be worn while fielding by the batsman who has scored the most runs in the league (including the Playoffs) during the season to date. It is first awarded once each team has played at least one match and then changes hands when another batsman becomes the highest run scorer in the league to date.  The Orange Cap is presented to the batsman at the end of the innings in which he achieves this feat (either at one of the flash interviews or at the post-match presentation).  In the circumstance where two or more batsmen have scored the same number of runs during the season to date, the Orange Cap will be retained or awarded, as appropriate, to the batsman (of those who are tied) who has the higher strike rate during the season to date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purple Cap&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Purple Cap will be worn while fielding by the bowler who has taken the most wickets in the league (including the Playoffs) during the season to date. It is first awarded once each team has played at least one match and then changes hands when another bowler becomes the highest wicket taker in the league to date.  The Purple Cap is presented to the bowler at the end of the innings in which he achieves this feat (either at one of the flash interviews or at the post-match presentation).  In the circumstance where two or more bowlers have taken the same number of wickets during the season to date, the Purple Cap will be retained or awarded, as appropriate, to the bowler (of those who are tied) who has the lowest economy rate during the season to date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answers to the above questions are,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If more than one player has equal stats (highest runs or wickets), what will they do?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. In the circumstance where two or more batsmen have scored the same number of runs during the season to date, the Orange Cap will be retained or awarded, as appropriate, to the batsman (of those who are tied) &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;who has the higher strike rate during the season to date&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. And, when two or more bowlers have taken the same number of wickets during the season to date, the Purple Cap will be retained or awarded, as appropriate, to the bowler (of those who are tied) &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;who has the lowest economy rate during the season to date&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player in the field is wearing orange cap for most runs, but in the middle of the innings (it may be first or second) a batsman from the batting side overtakes his runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will he allowed to wear it anymore in that innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. As the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orange Cap is presented to the batsman at the end of the innings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in which he achieves this feat (either at one of the flash interviews or at the post-match presentation). &lt;em&gt;A player in the field will wear it till the end of innings.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it permitted to wear these caps while batting?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. The &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orange Cap will be worn while fielding&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; by the batsman who has scored the most runs in the league (including the Playoffs) during the season to date. And, the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purple Cap will be worn while fielding&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; by the bowler who has taken the most wickets in the league (including the Playoffs) during the season to date. So, &lt;em&gt;it is not permitted to wear these caps while batting&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T13:06:23.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18184" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-14T22:56:06.920" Score="4" ViewCount="1269" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the playoffs of NHL hockey, after the 3rd period, they don’t scrape/clean the ice with a zamboni.  I figure this would cause players to perform less efficiently and potentially be dangerous due to the conditions of the ice in OT.  Seeing as there is a longer break between the end of the 3rd and the start of OT in the playoffs than the regular season, why wouldn’t they use a zamboni on the ice? (Especially when they play unlimited OT periods until some scores )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10484" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T02:02:00.417" Title="Why don’t they scrape/clean the ice with a zamboni after the 3rd period during the playoffs?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-15T11:45:23.560" Score="5" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was the offside decision in Manchester City vs. Liverpool in the 2nd leg of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase#Quarter-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League 2017/18 quarterfinals&lt;/a&gt; correct? Here's the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/zA8QBeVSkIg?t=1m9s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video footage&lt;/a&gt; of the episode.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15164" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T09:24:06.390" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T00:31:28.650" Title="Leroy Sané goal vs Liverpool rebounded off Milner so was offside the correct decision?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18173" CreationDate="2018-04-15T12:10:43.523" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_playoffs#Current_playoff_system&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Currently in the NFL&lt;/a&gt;, the standings within a division are based on overall record, not the record within the division. So a team losing every division game (0-6 in division) but winning every other game (10-6 overall) would win the division and enter the playoffs over another team that won every division game (6-0 in division) but lost all others (6-10 overall).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Division games do have more weight in the tiebreakers: The first two tie breakers are head-to-head matchups and division record. So if two teams in the division finished 10-6 overall, but one team won all division games and the other lost all of them, the team that won the division games would be the division champ and enter the playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-04-15T12:17:21.480" LastActivityDate="2018-04-15T12:17:21.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18192" CreationDate="2018-04-16T02:39:54.580" Score="3" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eric Staal of the Minnesota Wild scored a goal against the Winnipeg Jets on April 15th of the 2017/18 NHL season. The last playoffs goal he had scored came 9 years before that for the Carolina Hurricanes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the longest time between 2 playoffs goals for any player in the history of the NHL? Please provide the player with this record including the dates and the teams he scored the goals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T19:53:30.490" Title="Longest time between goals in NHL playoffs" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|scoring|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18185" CreationDate="2018-04-16T07:18:35.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're talking about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJq7ec0LO8U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this goal&lt;/a&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2018/matches/round=2000883/match=2021704/postmatch/report/#/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manchester City vs Liverpool&lt;/a&gt;, CL 2018 Quarter Final, 2nd leg, where Sané scored the 2-0, which didn't count.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a &lt;strong&gt;legal goal&lt;/strong&gt;, but pretty hard to see for the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first rule... was he even in an offside position? Yes, definitely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the keeper cleared the ball he passed Sané and there was only &lt;strong&gt;one defending player&lt;/strong&gt; closer to the goal line than him. That's offside, because according to the Laws of the Game there need to be &lt;strong&gt;two opponents&lt;/strong&gt; between him and the goal line. Usually the last defender and the goalkeeper are the ones that count, but the keeper was out of the goal in this situation and the 2nd last opponent counted (was still him, though), so there were &lt;strong&gt;no longer two opponents&lt;/strong&gt; between Sané and the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fXuFjl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fXuFjl.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-position&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the halfway line) and  any part of the head, body or feet&#xA;  is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;second-last opponent&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Secondly, does the rebound count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other question is: Was the rebound an action where offside actually counts? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Laws&lt;/a&gt; are pretty clear in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is &lt;strong&gt;played or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate&lt;/strong&gt; is only penalised on becoming involved in&#xA;  active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had to watch the replay a couple of times to check who actually gave Sané the ball, so it was probably hard to see for the match officials (the ref stood behind then and both moved towards the ball after the keeper saved it). Since the ball bounced off a defender and was &lt;strong&gt;never touched by a team mate&lt;/strong&gt; there was &lt;strong&gt;no illegal offside position&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T07:24:03.470" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T07:24:03.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18185" CreationDate="2018-04-16T09:56:27.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;h2&gt;No, offside was the wrong decision.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An offside offence can only occur when a player is in an offside position &lt;strong&gt;at the time their teammate plays the ball&lt;/strong&gt;. The only instance in this episode when &lt;em&gt;a teammate&lt;/em&gt; played the ball was &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/zA8QBeVSkIg?t=1m11s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;when De Bruyne was crossing&lt;/a&gt; it inside the box when Sané clearly wasn't in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After this touch from De Bruyne no one else except Sané ever touched the ball from City side, so technically there couldn't be any other offside offences in which Sané could have been involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lKtnu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lKtnu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T00:31:28.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18188" CreationDate="2018-04-16T15:33:11.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The longest time between two consecutive NHL playoff goals for a player is &lt;strong&gt;11 years&lt;/strong&gt;, which has been done by 5 players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Craig Ludwig&lt;/strong&gt;: 103 games apart, 4079 days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/09/1988, &lt;strong&gt;Montreal&lt;/strong&gt; @ Hartford&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;06/10/1999, &lt;strong&gt;Dallas&lt;/strong&gt; vs Buffalo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;James Patrick&lt;/strong&gt;, 72 games apart, 4027 days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/21/1990, &lt;strong&gt;NY Rangers&lt;/strong&gt; vs Washington&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/30/2001, &lt;strong&gt;Buffalo&lt;/strong&gt; vs Pittsburgh&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bob Goldham&lt;/strong&gt;: 20 games apart, 4004 days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/16/1942, &lt;strong&gt;Toronto&lt;/strong&gt; at Detroit  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/02/1953, &lt;strong&gt;Detroit&lt;/strong&gt; vs Boston&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Walt McKechnie&lt;/strong&gt;: 1 game apart (consecutive!), 3994 days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;05/03/1968, &lt;strong&gt;Minnesota North Stars&lt;/strong&gt; @ St. Louis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/10/1979, &lt;strong&gt;Toronto&lt;/strong&gt; @ Atlanta Flames&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mathieu Schneider&lt;/strong&gt;, 35 games apart, 3962 days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;06/05/1993, &lt;strong&gt;Montreal&lt;/strong&gt; @ Los Angeles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;04/10/2004, &lt;strong&gt;Detroit&lt;/strong&gt; vs Nashville&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 years apart has been achieved by 14 players, 9 years by 12 players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Looked up list of players who scored a goal in any year in the playoffs, copied all 9352 player-seasons to Excel, and then queried to see the longest time between consecutive seasons for a given player. Once I had the names, I looked them up to see the specifics on dates and games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://hkref.com/tiny/Dal7y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the Hockey-Reference list of players who scored a playoff goal during any season, and which seasons it was.&lt;/a&gt; If you decide to double check me, beware that some players appear to have 20+ year gaps, because multiple players can have the same name (like Syl Apps!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a table of all 9+ year gaps:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fBSzg.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fBSzg.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T19:53:30.490" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T19:53:30.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18137" CreationDate="2018-04-16T17:18:59.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a couple ways to look at this, but since 1998, the Western Conference seems to be overall better than the Eastern. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2016/04/nbas_western_conference_tops_e.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;If you look at this site&lt;/a&gt;, you can see that in the 18 years from 1998-99 to 2015-16, the Western Conference has collectively had a better record vs the other conference 16 times; that means the East only bested the West twice in that span. Even in those two years, the East margin of victory was very small.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we look at which conference won championships, the margin is a little closer but the West still comes out on top. From 1998-99 to 2016-17, the West has won 12 titles, and the East has won 7. This is much closer to 50-50 like I said earlier, showing that the disparity between the best teams in each conference is less. However, the West still seems to be the better conference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T17:18:59.887" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18195" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-16T23:07:43.720" Score="0" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a baseball gets hit to outfield. Before a player can get it, a bird swoops down an steals the ball and flies away. What do the rules say, what would happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also what happens if a similar situation occurs while still in midair, before it hits the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15168" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-17T02:38:12.927" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T04:54:13.290" Title="What happens if a bird or some other animals takes the baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18195" CreationDate="2018-04-17T04:54:13.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never heard of an animal removing a ball from play entirely before.  The PBUC Umpire Manual does suggest what should happen in the slightly more likely case of striking an animal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.21 Ball strikes bird or animal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a batted or thrown ball strikes a bird in flight or other animal on the playing field, consider the ball alive and in play the same as if it had not touched the bird or animal.  If a pitched ball strikes a bird in flight or other animal on the playing field the pitch is nullified and play shall be resumed with the previous count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &quot;ask the umpire&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/umpires/feature.jsp?feature=qa1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;piece&lt;/a&gt; on MLB notes what could happen for cases that are not covered by the rules (such as an animal removing the ball from play).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a situation is not covered, Rule 9.01(c) comes into play. That rule gives the umpire authority to rule on any point not specifically covered in the Rules. In such instances the umpire is instructed to use &quot;common sense and fair play.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that any ruling in such an unusual situation would depend greatly on the specifics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T04:54:13.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18178" CreationDate="2018-04-17T09:27:40.597" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Orange Cap is awarded to the top run-scorer in the IPL during a&#xA;  season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap&#xA;  throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual&#xA;  winner keeping the cap for the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Purple Cap is awarded to the top wicket-taker in the IPL. It is an&#xA;  ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the&#xA;  tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the&#xA;  cap for the season&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;courtesy Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your doubt is &lt;strong&gt;what will he wear while playing if he has both?&lt;/strong&gt; then no idea,Its not specifically explained anywhere. may we can logically say he will wear orange helmet while batting and wear purple cap while bowling[Its never happend before and very least change to get happen]. &#xA;Or if you are bothered about the cap holder, then &#xA;He will get both caps and hold for that season.&#xA;He will surely get the &lt;strong&gt;GOLDEN PLAYER AWARD&lt;/strong&gt; too..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_Premier_League_awards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The IPL introduced the Most Valuable Player rating system in 2013, the leader of which would be named the &quot;Most Valuable Player&quot; at the end of the season.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="15032" LastEditDate="2018-04-17T09:46:48.623" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T09:46:48.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18201" CreationDate="2018-04-17T10:15:45.333" Score="-1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;During getting run, non striker batsman reaches over striker ends crease and hitting striker ends stumps. And he is not trying to get another run.&#xA;Is he run out..??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15140" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T22:09:59.723" Title="Run out issue while getting run" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18200" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18202" CreationDate="2018-04-17T21:28:53.633" Score="3" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;p&gt;My title just refers to ​&quot;coach's challenge&quot; ​so it will be shorter. I intend to also include other non-neutrally-initiated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Use_by_officials&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;replay review&lt;/a&gt;, such as for example ​&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay_in_Major_League_Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;manager's challenges&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one instance I am aware of is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sj-r.com/sports/20171112/challenge-backfires-on-bears&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 2017 Nov 12 NFL game Packers vs Bears&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;in which the original ruling was ​ Bears ball at the 3 yard line,&#xA;the Bears coach challenged hoping for a ruling of ​ touchdown by the Bears,&#xA;and the challenge resulted in a ruling of ​turnover, Packers ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other instances of a non-neutrally-initiated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Use_by_officials&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;replay review&lt;/a&gt; backfiring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7737" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T16:11:39.893" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T16:11:39.893" Title="Are there any other instances of a coach's challenge backfiring?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18199" CreationDate="2018-04-17T22:09:59.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He's clearly not run out as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he had made his ground at the striker's end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the wicket cannot be put down by the non-striker's person or bat (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-29-the-wicket-is-down/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29.1.1&lt;/a&gt; explicitly states &quot;the striker&quot; in sections 29.1.1.2 to 29.1.1.4).t&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the non-striker hitting the stumps was &quot;wilful&quot;, he would be out for obstructing the field (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 37&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if [...] while the ball is in play, he/she wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a judgment call on the part of the umpires; I would personally be pretty harsh on this - running towards the stumps is wilful, even if the batsman intended to stop. Tripping and falling into the stumps would probably not be wilful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe the Laws cover the case of a batsman &lt;em&gt;accidently&lt;/em&gt; disrupting the wicket while running, other than the possibility of the striker being out hit wicket if it occurs while setting off for the first run. It would pretty clearly be against the spirit of the game to attempt further runs in that scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T22:09:59.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18200" CreationDate="2018-04-17T22:24:22.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wibx950.com/wierd-call-in-lions-texans-thanksgiving-day-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Schwartz's attempted challenge against the Texans in 2012&lt;/a&gt; probably counts here. What happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Texans running back Justin Forsett was knocked down, but got up and continued to run. The play was called a touchdown.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As this was a scoring play, it was subject to automatic review.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Schwartz threw his challenge flag. Because the play was already subject to review, this was an illegal challenge.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As the rules stood at the time, an illegal challenge prevented &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; review of the play, so the automatic review was cancelled.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Therefore the touchdown stood, whereas it was highly likely that the automatic review would have called the touchdown back if Schwartz had not thrown his flag.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which was frankly a bit bonkers. For a less extreme example, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://wibx950.com/illegal-challenge-clarification-what-happened-in-packers-vikings-touchdown-review-call/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mike McCarthy's attempted challenge against the Vikings in 2012&lt;/a&gt;. That was a similar situation, except that McCarthy threw his flag &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the official replay had begun, so the replay happened and gave the Packers a touchdown. The Packers still got a a 15 yard penalty on the kickoff though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://deadspin.com/5986035/the-nfl-will-get-rid-of-its-dumbest-rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the 2013 offseason, the NFL got rid of the rule that hammered the Lions because everybody agreed it was a bit silly&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T22:24:22.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18205" CreationDate="2018-04-17T23:47:34.750" Score="2" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7irq-MsrI8M&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; you can see Italian player Viviani at the Australian Open. Apparently, at the end of an exchange, she hit the ball with her racket and this hit a ballboy. This was completely accidental, and you can see the Italian player immediately saying I am sorry. However, for this she was disqualified from the Australian Open and the following tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for tennis player regarding unintentionally hitting a ballboy or Judge? Wasn't this punishment harsher than usual?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T20:36:32.243" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:36:32.243" Title="Why was junior Italian player Viviani disqualified for accidentally hitting a ballboy?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18203" CreationDate="2018-04-18T01:09:37.423" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/pro-circuit.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Pro Circuit regulations (currently 2018 version, but effectively the same)&lt;/a&gt; include a code of conduct beginning on page 95.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Viviani's action violates part I, &lt;em&gt;Abuse of balls&lt;/em&gt; in Article IV &lt;em&gt;On-Site Offences&lt;/em&gt; as it clearly constitutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... hitting a ball with negligent disregard of the consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it occurred during a match, it also carries a penalty from part R, &lt;em&gt;Point Penalty Schedule&lt;/em&gt;, which progress from warning to point penalty to match penalty for third and subsequent offences. Under part S, &lt;em&gt;Defaults&lt;/em&gt; the ITF Supervisor may also award an immediate default for any single offence under the code of conduct or after the third or a subsequent penalty under part R.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Viviani was given an immediate default under these parts of Article IV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that an identical incident occurred in the men's tournament in the same year and was apparently not penalised at all, and that Viviani's offence was during the second set within previous offences in the match or the tournament at all, it is a fair statement that this penalty was unusually harsh in the circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T01:09:37.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18232" CreationDate="2018-04-18T16:13:26.663" Score="3" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking to keep stats for upcoming tennis tournament and I am wondering what would I have to track play by play to get good match statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example should I track every shot in the rally or maybe note down just where serve landed and where it was returned and at the end of the play note if it was winner, forced error or unforced error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &lt;a href=&quot;http://tennisabstract.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://tennisabstract.com/&lt;/a&gt; tracks every shot with additional modifiers like slice, drop-shot etc, along with other data. This is too much data for one person to track during a live match...so I am looking for most important metrics that would yield good match stats but would be feasible for a single person to manage during a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15180" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T20:47:00.720" Title="What would I have to track during each point to get detailed tennis match statistics" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16303" CreationDate="2018-04-18T17:10:55.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some Pro players will indeed attempt a kill shot on the return. But not a drop shot, as there is essentially no way that it can be played tightly enough that a fellow pro, in position on the 'T' following their serve, will not only retrieve it but get to the drop sufficiently comfortably that it will gift them control of the rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kills you will see tried are looking to put the ball across court, short and into the nick (this is key), but it's played as a power rather than a touch shot (also vital). This is a shot a number of the leading Egyptian players, male and female, go for fairly often. And me, sometimes, at my much lower club level of play with consequently much reduced success! ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the philosophy part, the biggest difference between the pros and amateurs is not shot-making but fitness and movement. Their shots might be only twice as good (four times, five times, whatever) as a club player, with their speed around court five, ten, twenty times improved. That makes it a lot harder for pros to play a winning shot against each other. So in response to the specific question &quot;If elite players (not me!!) are capable of making a well-placed drop shot and ending the rally, why don't they?&quot; - they do, whenever they can! But they (or more like their opponents) are in a position to allow a winning shot, &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; winning shot, much less often than club players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15182" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T17:10:55.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18215" CreationDate="2018-04-18T20:08:48.350" Score="4" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that most track bikes I see have only one gear ratio. For some events I can imagine that having multiple gears would simply be added weight and drag, but on other events, like the short sprints, it seems like a couple of different gears would be of benefit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are multiple gears allowed on track cycling bicycles? If so, why are they not used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15185" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T00:52:54.090" Title="Are multiple gears allowed on track cycling bicycles?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-18T22:12:08.650" Score="3" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a footballer plays a free kick and the footballer intention is to play the free kick direct to the goal post, but it touches the footballer team mate before entering the goal post, who is awarded the goal? Is it the free kick player or his team mate who the ball touches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15187" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-19T00:45:47.857" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T08:15:23.337" Title="Who is awarded the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18213" CreationDate="2018-04-18T22:33:30.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Intention is irrelevant. The last attacker to play the ball will be considered the goalscorer, unless the goal is caused by the direct action of a defender and would probably not have scored otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T22:33:30.260" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18211" CreationDate="2018-04-18T23:02:22.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Track bicycles are not permitted to have multiple gears under UCI regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From their document &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/16/26/49/PartI-Generalorganisationofcyclingasasport-01.05.2014-ENG_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;General Organisation of Cycling as a Sport&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, in Chapter III Equipment, part 1.3.025:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Freewheels, multiple gears and brakes are not permitted for use on the track during competition or training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-04-19T00:52:54.090" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T00:52:54.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3518" CreationDate="2018-04-20T07:47:32.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Doosra is analogous to googly except it turns more than googly and is very difficult to bowl without chucking wheares teesra is simply a backspiner with very small side turn it is analogus to a leg spinner's Slider When bowling a teesra the bowler keeps the exact grip as the off spin but instead of imparting spin to the ball he simply let go the ball rolling over his fingers just like a seamer does while swinging the ball so the ball skids and reaches the batsman late which can decieve him while facing a quick off spinner &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15196" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T07:47:32.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-04-21T00:16:22.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the NBA rule book explicitly prohibiting this move. However, this passage in the rule book makes me think that it would not be allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The dribble ends when the dribbler: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Touches the ball simultaneously with both hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Permits the ball to come to rest while he is in control of it &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Tries for a field goal &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Throws a pass&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Touches the ball more than once while dribbling, before it touches the floor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Loses control&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Allows the ball to become dead&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see an official interpreting a high dribble like that as a field goal or pass attempt, thus ending the dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15199" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T00:16:22.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18225" CreationDate="2018-04-21T18:37:31.930" Score="2" ViewCount="793" Body="&lt;p&gt;I almost always see the centres take the face offs in the NHL. Is this part of the rulebook?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, why isn't more common to see other players take face offs. I can understand why defensemen don't take face offs as there's only 2 of them on ice and teams don't want to give away break aways with 1 defender. But how come it's also not common to see wingers take face offs?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T04:44:18.080" Title="Why do centres take face offs in hockey?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18235" CreationDate="2018-04-21T22:32:42.403" Score="5" ViewCount="1921" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, in baseball, some subset of the calls made by an umpire are open for review, at the request of one of the team's managers. In those cases, the managers are allowed to leave the dugout and question the correctness of the call. At that point, they can ask the umpire to either officially review the call (which each team has a set number of), or the umpire may decide to voluntarily review it under their own discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;judgement&quot; calls by an umpire, such as balls and strikes calls, are not review-able. A player or manager arguing with an umpire over such calls can quickly lead to an ejection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand e.g. a player at the plate, in the heat of the moment, mouthing off to the plate umpire when they disagree, but for a manager to come out of the dugout and argue &lt;em&gt;knowing&lt;/em&gt; they're going to get ejected seems odd. Frequently I will even hear the commentary team speculate that being ejected was the &lt;em&gt;intent&lt;/em&gt; of the manager.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why do managers argue over these calls when it's always fruitless? &lt;em&gt;Is&lt;/em&gt; it always fruitless (e.g. do umpires ever reverse ball/strike calls)? Or is there some reason a manager would want to be ejected from a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T16:40:24.667" Title="Why do baseball managers argue with umpires in situations where they know it won't help?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18222" CreationDate="2018-04-21T23:47:44.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do some players argue with officials about being sent off &lt;em&gt;for arguing with officials&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people are just that stupid, regardless of what other talent thy may have. At the professional level, ego is a major factor in a number of interactions between those associated with teams and those associated with organising bodies (almost but not quite always on the behalf of the team associate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a large proportion which overlaps this,the in-group/out-group nature of competitive sport also has an effect. Put simply, the official is not a member of the in-group and has done something to negative effect on the in-group, marking them as an enemy to be combatted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T23:47:44.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18224" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-22T00:05:22.863" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;If team B attempts to block a ball and team A tips the ball rather than attacks the ball but the ball does come in contact with Team B, is that considered a block contact or first contact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would assume that it is considered a block contacct but the referee called it a 'first contact' and team B lost the point because they tried to use 3 contacts after the ball was touched at the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15204" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T00:05:22.863" Title="Is blocking a soft hit considered a block?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-23T10:56:22.553" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18220" CreationDate="2018-04-22T04:44:18.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Centers are trained to take faceoffs as part of their responsibilities, and so are better at it in general. Wingers can take faceoffs, and often do if a center is thrown out of the circle for a violation (such as moving early or not getting set). There is no rule about who has to take a faceoff. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIKXuwfq--U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is a video showing the center getting thrown out, so the winger comes in to take the faceoff in his place. The second violation draws a penalty.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few reasons centers ended up being the ones to take faceoffs, though. The first is balance; you want to have the same number of people on either side of the circle. This is so your team can be prepared no matter which way the puck goes after the faceoff. If you have a right winger taking the draw for example, and the center and left winger are both on the left of the circle, then you would have no support if the puck went to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, we want our team to be balanced on both sides of the circle. Then, it makes sense to train centers to take the draw instead of a winger, so that after the faceoff, the players don't have to worry about switching back to their respective positions while the play is happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also important to note that in hockey, the positions are very fluid and not set in stone. Defensemen pinch in to play offense sometimes, forwards will backcheck on defense, and wingers and centers cycle. Any skater on the ice can, in general, play any of the skater positions if need be. It all comes down to specialization, and which responsibilities they are best at covering. It is not unusual to see coaches have forwards change positions throughout the course of the year. Wingers get moved to center for some games and vice-versa. Sometimes, even forwards and defensemen will change positions! This was seen famously in Dustin Byfuglien, a current defenseman for the Winnipeg Jets. In 2010, he won a Cup with Chicago playing forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T04:44:18.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18226" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18227" CreationDate="2018-04-22T18:44:53.757" Score="3" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ricky Rubio and Donovan Mitchell of the Utah Jazz had 11 rebounds each during Game 3 of the first round of the 2018 NBA playoffs against the Oklahoma City Thunder. Rubio and Mitchell are guards (Rubio is a point guard and Mitchell is a shooting guard), a position in which rebounding is not part of their main responsibilities. Thus, seeing 2 guards of the same team with double digit rebounds is rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What percentage of NBA games, since the 2000 season, had at least 2 guards from the same team post at least 10 rebounds each?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-23T12:14:01.977" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T12:14:01.977" Title="What percentage of NBA games had at least 2 guards from the same team post at least 10 rebounds each?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18226" CreationDate="2018-04-22T19:21:39.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have only been &lt;strong&gt;62 games&lt;/strong&gt; since the 2000-01 season, including playoffs, in which 2 guards on the same team both got 10+ rebounds. In that time, there were a total of 23,163 games played, so that gives us &lt;strong&gt;~0.27%&lt;/strong&gt; of games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this by using &lt;a href=&quot;http://bkref.com/tiny/8PQBO&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Basketball-Refernce search&lt;/a&gt;, which pulled up all the times that a guard got 10+ rebounds in a game since 2000-01. Then, I copied the results to Excel and looked to see how many times two guards on the same team (and on the same day) both got 10+ rebounds. There were 62 games which fit the criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bkref.com/tiny/EXuSe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I used this search to find how many games have been played in that time span.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a table of all the games it happened in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XFnI7.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XFnI7.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T19:21:39.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18213" CreationDate="2018-04-23T08:15:23.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Touching the ball alone doesn't make the player the goal scorer. Usually there are a few points that have to be considered...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would the ball go in without the player touching the ball? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no the player who deflected the ball scored the goal. If yes it's up to the officials to decide (see below). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How far did he deflect the ball and did he distract the keeper or defenders enough? Would the keeper have saved it without that player interfering?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball went far enough off the original direction it's usually the deflecting player getting the credit for the goal. There's no written rule about how far the ball has to be deflected into another direction, so it's up to the officials to decide. But again, touching the ball alone doesn't make that player the scorer. Deflecting the ball by a few inches doesn't do that either (usually).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kick would land right next to the post and it would be a goal either way....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball rebounds off the leg of another player and the ball goes in at the other side of the goal. The deflecting player gets the credit (or an own goal if it was a defender).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball is only lightly touched by that player and doesn't change it's direction. The player who took the free kick gets the credit for the goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T08:15:23.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-23T11:12:41.013" Score="6" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the most significant &lt;em&gt;confirmed&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. investigated by the governing body and punished) instances of match-rigging in football? When considering significance, please include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Level of the match: a World Cup match would be more significant than some Sunday morning pub football.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Degree of match-rigging: arranging for a team to win is more significant than &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/southampton/6130280/Matthew-Le-Tissier-admits-being-part-of-attempted-betting-scam-at-Southampton.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the time of the first throw-in&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Effect of the match-rigging: something which enabled the team to win a league is more important than the difference between 12th and 13th place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Amount of match-rigging: more rigged matches is more significant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14916" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T11:34:41.700" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T11:34:41.700" Title="What are the most significant confirmed instances of match-rigging in football?" Tags="|football|match-fixing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18222" CreationDate="2018-04-23T14:47:48.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball managers have been known to argue with umpires, to the point of ejection, simply to buy time. This might be for a number of reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To allow the pitcher calm down &amp;amp; refocus&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To allow the catcher discuss strategy with the pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most usually, to allow a relief pitcher time to warm up in the bullpen, so that the manager can then change pitchers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-04-24T16:40:24.667" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T16:40:24.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18208" CreationDate="2018-04-23T17:51:26.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most important stats to track are &lt;em&gt;serves&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;returns&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;break points&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;double faults&lt;/em&gt;. Depending on how far you want to go you can go into more or less details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Serves&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aces&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st serve (succeeded + points won / percentage) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd serve (dito) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;service points won in total / percentage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same for &lt;em&gt;Returns&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st serve returns won&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd serve returns won&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;return points won in total&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Break points&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;break points won&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;break points saved&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Double Faults&lt;/em&gt; are easy to track as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;total&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;percentage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;per set&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Other stats&lt;/em&gt; that might be handy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;total games played / won (percentage)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;total points won&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those stats should be easy to track by one person.. Watch the service, wait for the outcome, write it down, repeat. After the match you can do the math (e.g. calculate the serve and return ratings) and go on with the next one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-04-23T20:47:00.720" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T20:47:00.720" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16799" CreationDate="2018-04-23T21:54:45.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Bundesliga the highest goal difference without the title goes to &lt;strong&gt;Bayern Munich&lt;/strong&gt; as well. They scored a goal difference of +55 goals in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga season 2011/12&lt;/a&gt; beating the old record of +51 goals held by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;themselves&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%E2%80%9380_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hamburger SV&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T21:54:45.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18222" CreationDate="2018-04-24T04:55:51.763" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A manager might argue to stick up for his team and motivate them, even if he knows the call was right or it won't be reversed.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://deadspin.com/5969057/my-pitcher-is-terrible-my-bullpen-cant-get-anybody-out-what-managers-really-yell-about-while-arguing-with-umpires&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's&lt;/a&gt; an article highlighting some of the sillier things managers have yelled at umpires about in order to inspire their team, including Tommy Lasorda yelling about an Italian restaurant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason is if a batter starts arguing over a strike call the manager may run out of the dugout to argue in the batter's place so the manager will get ejected instead of the player (arguing strike calls is an automatic ejection).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11985" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T04:55:51.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18229" CreationDate="2018-04-24T18:09:37.397" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are definitely not as many match-fixing scandals in football as conspiracy theorists might have expected. Especially on such a high level, which your original question suggested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the most popular match-fixing scandals that happened recently was Italian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Italian_football_scandal&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Calciopoli scandal&lt;/a&gt;, where many Serie A clubs were accused of rigging games by selecting favorable referees, during 2004/05 and 2005/06 seasons. As a result:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Juventus&lt;/strong&gt; was stripped of both 2004–05 and 2005–06 Serie A titles, was downgraded to 2006-07 Serie B while also receiving a handicap of starting with -9 points.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiorentina&lt;/strong&gt; was deducted 30 points from their 2005–06 Serie A run, making them finish 9th instead of 4th. Also received a handicap of starting with -15 points in the next season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Milan&lt;/strong&gt; was deducted 30 points from 2005–06 Serie A, making them finish 3rd instead of 2nd. Received a handicap of -8 points in the next season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lazio&lt;/strong&gt; was deducted 30 points from 2005–06 Serie A, making them finish 16th instead of 6th. Received a handicap of -3 points in the next season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reggina&lt;/strong&gt; Received a handicap of -11 points in the next season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siena&lt;/strong&gt; Received a handicap of -1 point in the next season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can find a list of some minor &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_match_fixing_incidents#Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;match-fixing incidents in football&lt;/a&gt; most of which don't really meet the requirements of the edited question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T18:09:37.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18239" CreationDate="2018-04-24T20:26:13.430" Score="0" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;Liverpool won 5 - 2 against Roma in the first leg of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Champions_League#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League 2017-2018 season semifinal&lt;/a&gt;. What are the biggest single game wins (by goal differences) in the knockout stage of the Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-04-26T14:57:28.190" LastActivityDate="2018-04-26T14:57:28.190" Title="What are the biggest wins in the Champions League knock-out stages?" Tags="|football|trivia|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18238" CreationDate="2018-04-24T20:35:43.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7-0: Bayern München vs Basel&lt;/strong&gt;, 13/03/2012, 1/16, second leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7-0: Bayern München vs Shakhtar Donetsk&lt;/strong&gt;, 11/03/2015, 1/16, second leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2455225.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you include European Cups as well, then the win with the biggest margin is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11-0: Dinamo Bucharest vs Crusaders&lt;/strong&gt;, 03/10/1973 first round, second leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/nov/06/theknowledge.sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;theguardian.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-04-24T20:53:08.320" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T20:53:08.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18229" CreationDate="2018-04-25T07:59:20.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga_scandal_(2005)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hoyzer Scandal&lt;/a&gt; is of enough significance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former referee Robert Hoyzer manipulated several matches in the German Cup (DFB-Pokal), 2. Bundesliga and Regionalliga. He was sentenced to serve 2 years and 5 months for match fixing in 6 cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;List of matches he refereed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;DFB-Pokal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;August 2004: SC Paderborn 07 – Hamburger SV 4-2 (manipulated)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;September 2004: 1. FC Nürnberg – LR Ahlen 2-3 (no proof of manipulation)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. Bundesliga:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;27&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;August 2004: Rot-Weiss Essen – Rot-Weiß Erfurt 0-0 (no proof)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;September 2004: MSV Duisburg – SpVgg Greuther Fürth 1-0 (protest by Fürth and probably manipulated, but not enough proof)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;22&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;October 2004: LR Ahlen – Wacker Burghausen 1-0 (manipulated and replayed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;November 2004: SpVgg Unterhaching – 1. FC Saarbrücken 1:3 (manipulation failed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And some Regionalliga matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-04-25T08:26:42.487" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T08:26:42.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18229" CreationDate="2018-04-25T16:24:17.010" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most notable one is the 2006 scandal in the Serie A. Teams involved were Juve, Fiorentina, Milan and Lazio. Out of them, Juve were relegated to Serie B and stripped of their 2005 and 2006 Serie A titles. Many notable footballers like Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Gianluca Zambrotta, Patrick Vieira, Fabio Cannavaro left the club not wanting to play in a lower division. However, Players like Gigi Buffon, Alessandro Del Piero, Chiellini stayed loyal to the Old Lady. Even then Coach Fabio Capello left the Club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15222" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T16:24:17.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-25T16:43:11.697" Score="5" ViewCount="795" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a question that has confused me for a while. If a player fouls and pots the red when playing on a colour, their opponent gets 4 points, but they have taken a possible 8 points off of the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if all of the colours are safe and a player is 32 points ahead having just potted the penultimate red, it could be worthwhile for them to pot the final red rather than play a safety shot. This would then put them 28 points ahead with just 27 points left on the table, compared with the alternative which would be 32 points ahead with 35 left on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, this example would be a deliberate foul and therefore could result in the frame being awarded to their opponent under Section 4.1 of the &quot;OFFICIAL RULES&#xA;OF THE GAMES OF&#xA;SNOOKER&#xA;AND&#xA;ENGLISH BILLIARDS&quot;. However, it is still possible for an advantage to be gained where a player either pots a red accidentally or pots a red deliberately, but in such a way that it appears accidental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't work out why the number of points for fouling a red isn't higher, or why a free ball isn't given to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastEditorUserId="15223" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T20:39:18.230" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T20:39:18.230" Title="Why isn't a foul on the red at least 8 points in Snooker, when playing on a colour?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18245" CreationDate="2018-04-26T05:17:13.620" Score="8" ViewCount="841" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/channels10/olympics-2010/home/men/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Ice Hockey Federation&lt;/a&gt; (for men at least) says this -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j4Fu6.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j4Fu6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, there's a penalty for fighting. I think it's the same in the NHL and I'm unfamiliar with any other leagues. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most other sports that aren't actual fights (like boxing), players almost always get ejected for throwing a punch, even if it doesn't connect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously it's tolerated because the rules don't say it's &lt;em&gt;not tolerated&lt;/em&gt;. I'm asking &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="111" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T17:40:44.593" Title="Why is fighting tolerated in ice hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18244" CreationDate="2018-04-26T06:34:28.543" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, note that the IIHF rules (on the left in your image) include &quot;an Automatic Game Misconduct or a Match penalty&quot;. Both of those result in the player taking no further part in the match, so fighting isn't allowed under IIHF rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore I think your question should really be &quot;Why is fighting tolerated &lt;em&gt;in the NHL&lt;/em&gt;?&quot; The answer to that one is because sport is entertainment, and there is a long-term belief that fans want to see fights. While &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/news/nhl-fighting-ban-wouldnt-impact-fan-viewership-survey-reveals-163849278.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some more recent studies&lt;/a&gt; show that the effect is perhaps neutral, fighting is a part of hockey traditions. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/nov/06/nfl-fighting-hockey-study&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Guardian article&lt;/a&gt; probably captures it correctly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;until teams throughout the sport – and not just NHL teams in Canada or the United States – see a negative impact on their bottom line, fighting is probably going to continue to exist in the sport&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-26T06:34:28.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18041" CreationDate="2018-04-26T13:19:27.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can think of two reasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, because the backboard is a vertical surface, it is easier to see and aim for with your shot. It is easier to pick a target on the board, aim for it, and hit it than it is to arc the ball and get it to land in the middle of the horizontal rim. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, when the ball hits the backboard, the backboard absorbs some of the kinetic energy of the ball, slowing it down. When this happens, the ball can fall into the basket and is less likely to bounce out after hitting the rim. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2018-04-26T13:19:27.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2018-04-26T18:01:06.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let’s take US Open 2019 as an example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The July 15 edition of the ATP Rankings was used to determine the US Open main-draw entry list. That is more than a month prior to tournament start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;104 slots given to Direct Entries + Protected Ranking (PR)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;16 slots are taken by Qualifiers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8 slots are awarded to Wild Cards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You get a Direct entry if you are ranked high enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is 'high enough' is determined by 2 factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of PRs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Number of Withdrawals (players that were accepted directly into the main draw, but withdrew due to injury, suspension, or personal reasons)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct Entry threshold = 104 - PR + Withdrawals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For US Open 2019 that is 104 - 6 + 2 = 100. So players ranked 1–100 got a direct entry into the tournament. Players that ranked above 100 and did not have a PR had to play qualifiers to get into the main draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, Denis Kudla, ranked 100 got a direct entry, Malek Jaziri ranked 101 had to play qualifiers (and lost).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of late withdrawals (e.g. when Qualification is already finished), the slot will be given to a Lucky loser, i.e. one of the players that lost in the final round of Qualification. If the tournament has no qualifying rounds(e.g. ATP Finals) the spot is picked by an Alternate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also the &lt;strong&gt;Special Exempt&lt;/strong&gt; - Players who are unable to appear in a tournament's qualifying draw because they are still competing in a previous tournament can be awarded a spot in the main draw by special exempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules differ depending on the tournament level, e.g. for ATP Masters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Qualified event for special exempt to an ATP Tour Masters 1000 tournament is the singles event of another ATP Tour Masters 1000, ATP Tour 500 or&#xA;  Grand Slam tournament&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="13092" LastEditDate="2019-08-22T00:23:57.533" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T00:23:57.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18243" CreationDate="2018-04-27T00:28:00.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every red down is a possible eight points, giving a total of 120 if all reds can be coupled with a black.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet the actual number of reds coupled with blacks is very small, and it's considered an impressive feat to score 100 points in a frame including the final run of colours, let alone 120 points including the final run, let alone from just sinking red and colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual likelihood of points lost is approximately four: 1 for the red itself and an average of 3 from the attempted shot at a colour, which is not guaranteed to go in and not guaranteed to be the black (in fact, unlikely to go in and unlikely to be the black).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Making the foul worth eight points is disproportionate and badly balanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free ball is only used when the player would otherwise be snookered from a foul, as a means of allowing play to continue. Giving a free ball after a foul sinking red would allow the player to ensure themselves a black or pink, when this is very unlikely to otherwise be available, and again is disproportionate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The points for fouls are standardised to avoid situations where a player can leverage an excessive gain from a situation such as the one presented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T00:28:00.457" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-27T02:28:20.103" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Las Vegas Golden Knights Swept the Los Angeles Kings in the first round of the 2017-2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. In those 4 games, the Golden Knights scored 7 goals, by 7 different players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me wonder what's the most number of different goal scorers any team has ever had to start the an NHL playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T02:28:20.103" Title="Most distinct goal scorers in a team to start the NHL playoffs" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18253" CreationDate="2018-04-27T05:07:11.787" Score="5" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;How it is ensured that the replay shown for a particular incident is correct? For instance, while checking front foot no-ball, host broadcaster can edit and alter the footage to benefit the home team. Is match referee responsible for checking the correctness of the replays?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15194" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:03:11.197" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:03:11.197" Title="Genuinity of replays" Tags="|cricket|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18252" CreationDate="2018-04-27T10:15:01.573" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The host broadcaster is trusted with that responsiblity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been instances of errors in replays, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1143649.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this case recently&lt;/a&gt;, but there's no evidence of cheating - it would involve collusion between teams, broadcasters and boards. Frankly, there's too much money involved for all of them to start that sort of messing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T10:15:01.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-27T17:13:51.377" Score="0" ViewCount="1126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that a base runner is allowed to make their own base line when running the bases.  I don't believe that there is anything in the rules that prevents a base runner from running all the way out in to the outfield when going from first to second base (as long as they are not trying to evade a tag).  I believe that runners are only called for &quot;running out of the base line&quot; when they are trying to evade a tag.  And that the &quot;base line&quot; is the line that the runner creates when he runs from one base to another.  So for example - I don't believe that it is against the rules for a runner to start at first base then run out in to right field and then run to second base.  As soon as a fielder is making an attept to tag the runner that runner is now required to run in a direct line either back to first or continue on to second base.  And that is when they are not allowed to deviate more than 3 feet in either direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with all of that said - I had a thought today.  When a baserunner is leading off of first base could that runner move off of the base in a direct line with the pitcher?  I know it would be sort of a disadvantage in terms of getting a lead towards second since the runner would be moving out towards the pitcher in to the infield grass.  But it would make picking the runner off virtually impossible.  Any throw from the pitcher back to first base would almost certainly hit the runner.  And the runner could always go back to first standing up which would almost always get in the way of the throw back to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it would be odd to see a runner leading off of first and standing in the infield grass about 3 strides off of the bag.  But it would seem like you could almost guarantee that you wouldn't get picked off.  And any attempt by the pitcher to throw over to first would be very risky and probably end up with a throw that hits off of the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thoughts?  Is this legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15231" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T15:33:25.667" Title="Can a baseball runner lead off of first in a direct line to the pitcher?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18254" CreationDate="2018-04-27T19:46:50.087" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A runner must stay on the base path at all times.  This is open for interpretation, but it's about 3 feet in each direction on either side of the line between bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a runner (for what reason I don't know) led off headed directly at the pitcher, he would be called out for not running on the base path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T19:46:50.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18254" CreationDate="2018-04-27T23:23:15.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under rule 5.09(b)(2), the runner can be considered&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... obviously abandoning his effort to touch the next base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A decent umpire would exclude walking into outfield or towards the mound from being part of an effort to touch the next base. You could have started directly to the base itself and made more ground that way, so clearly this is not part of trying to reach the next base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is argued that this ploy &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; an effort to reach the next base, but the reason for moving towards the mound/pitcher is to reduce the ability of the pitcher to get the ball to first baseman and thereby prevent the pickoff, if the ball hits the runner they are out under rule 6.01(a)(10), because the runner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... intentionally interferes with a thrown ball ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This completely defeats the purpose of moving in that direction, and arguably makes the out more likely. The throw either hits the runner (out) or gets to the baseman for a pickoff (out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T23:23:15.783" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5679" CreationDate="2018-04-28T03:49:42.513" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, good answers. Some people discount the stat RISP until they get to Tony Gwynn, then they have to shut up or put the Tony Gwynn exception in, as in except for Tony Gwynn. I spent the last hour reading on his stats, he was simply astounding in the clutch even discounting RISP. His late inning average, his 444 average with the bases loaded. Its like some of the exceptions when it comes to Ruth or Aaron, especially Ruth with some of the seasons he had. Everyone talks of his 60 HR season but his 59 HR season was better. No one does this, Average 378, Hits 204, 44 doubles, 16 triples, 59 home runs and 171 RBI's. 204 hits, more than half for extra bases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth and Aaron to a great extent, played in bigger parks than players from the last 30 or 40 years. Ruth played in places that could have been actual parks. In some ways that makes it astounding he did what he did and in others ways slightly easier, hit a ball to the gap and it goes all the way to a wall 420 feet away and more guys are going to score but he hit 59 home runs too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When ESPN did the greatest of the 20th century Ruth finished 2nd to Jordan but like Dan Patrick said when he said Ruth was second &quot;everyone is measured against him&quot;, only Jordan was found to be better by the experts or whoever chose this. You can't have a greater career than everyone being measured against you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15232" LastEditorUserId="15232" LastEditDate="2018-04-28T04:02:39.573" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T04:02:39.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18261" CreationDate="2018-04-28T15:22:45.397" Score="1" ViewCount="938" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Winnipeg Jets were outshot 48 to 19 against the Nashville Predators in the series opener of the second round of the 2017-2018 NHL Stanly Cup playoffs. Despite the -29 shot differential, the jets won the game 4 - 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top 10 worst shot differentials in the history of the NHL for a team that won a playoffs game? Please provide the shot differential, teams playing, the playoff round at which the teams played, as well as the final score of the game. To answer this question you may go back only as far back as 1956, that's the year the NHL began shot tracking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:31:17.297" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:31:17.297" Title="Worst shot differentials for a winning NHL team in the playoffs" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-28T16:45:08.073" Score="3" ViewCount="499" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider a stituation where a batsman plays at a ball and the ball hits his pad. The ball becomes momentarily stationary and behind him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman is out of his crease and while he is attempting to regain his ground (to avoid being run out), he ends up kicking the ball onto the stumps and removes a bail before a fielder has collected it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the batsman out bowled, out by any other means or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15233" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-04-28T23:04:01.467" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T23:04:01.467" Title="Is a batsman out bowled if they kick the ball onto the wicket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18259" CreationDate="2018-04-28T22:35:32.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, out bowled. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-32-bowled/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 32.1.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Bowled if his/her wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, even if it first touches the striker’s bat or person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the ball becoming stationary does not cause it to be dead; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1.1 The ball becomes dead when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1.1.1 it is finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ ... ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1.2 The ball shall be considered to be dead when it is clear to the bowler’s end umpire that the fielding side and both batsmen at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, as the batsman was trying to avoid being run out, so he clearly did not regard the ball as no longer being in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T22:35:32.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18258" CreationDate="2018-04-29T01:57:40.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The worst shot differential by a team in a playoff win is -37, when the Chicago Black Hawks beat the Boston Bruins 6-4 on 4/11/1975, despite being outshot 19-56.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To find this, I first looked up the lowest shots by a team to win a playoff game, which was 10. Then, &lt;a href=&quot;http://hkref.com/tiny/KET02&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I looked up all the teams that won a playoff game, but whose opponent scored at least 39&lt;/a&gt;, since that would give us the -29 difference; no team could have a shot differential worse than -29 unless their opponent had 39 shots. Luckily, there were at least 10 teams with worse shot differentials in a winning playoff game, so I didn't have to expand my search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found them by copying all the games in Excel (only 416, two pages on Hockey-Reference), and then calculated the shot differential for each game and sorted them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of the top 10 (11, due to ties):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CMD5B.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CMD5B.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note on unusual abbreviations: CBH is the Chicago Black Hawks, before they changed to the single-word &quot;Blackhawks&quot;. WIN is the original Winnipeg Jets, before they moved to Phoenix to become the Coyotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cool stat: the 2002 Montreal Canadiens are on here twice, in two different rounds! Jose Theodore was their goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T01:57:40.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18263" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-30T03:57:38.013" Score="6" ViewCount="12519" Body="&lt;p&gt;Music is often played at sports events. In North America, music is regularly played in MLB, NHL, and NBA games. However, only in basketball games music is played while the game is in live action. In the NHL music is usually played during breaks and before the puck drops, and in the MLB it's in between the innings or during the few seconds a new batter steps in to the box; the game is not in play in any of those events. The only other time you might here music is during chants - for the purpose of this question let's ignore that as music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it that music is played in NBA arenas during live ball? Wouldn't music be a source of distraction to the players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-12-28T21:13:01.257" Title="Why is music played during NBA games?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18264" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-30T16:52:12.177" Score="0" ViewCount="1340" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the first round of the 2018 NBA Playoffs, the Indiana Pacers scored 704 total points while their opponents, the Cleveland Cavaliers, scored 664 total points. However, the Cleveland Cavaliers won the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to this series, has a team who has scored more points during a series lose the series against their opponents? If so, who was the last team to complete this feat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15239" LastEditorDisplayName="user15239" LastEditDate="2018-04-30T19:00:19.717" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T11:40:48.650" Title="Team scoring more total points but lost the series" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-30T17:18:15.217" Score="1" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;My 10 year old son is right handed batsman however has a left handed batsman's grip i.e. left hand down and right hand on top on the grip. Is that allowed in international cricket as per ICC rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15240" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-04-30T18:16:16.280" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T02:57:39.397" Title="Can a batsman use a reverse grip?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18267" CreationDate="2018-04-30T19:04:13.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer to this is &quot;yes, this is allowed&quot;. There's nothing in the Laws of the Game which specify how the bat should be held.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T19:04:13.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18271" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-02T11:42:44.700" Score="0" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Cleveland Cavaliers beat the Toronto Raptors in overtime of opening game of the second round series of 2017-2018 season playoffs. The Cavs won the game despite never leading in regulation time, their first lead was in early overtime. Watching TSN, it was mentioned that the Cavs where just the second team to win a playoffs game while never leading in regulation time in the past 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are all teams that won a playoffs game without ever leading in regulation time in the history of the NBA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T13:49:56.170" Title="Winning a playoff game without ever leading in regulation in the NBA" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18732" CreationDate="2018-05-02T12:17:08.590" Score="0" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Winnipeg Jets and the Nashville Predators have faced against each other in the second round of 2017-2018 season of NHL Stanley Cup playoffs. Nashville finished the season with 117 points and won the President Trophy for having the most points in the league. Their Central division rivals, Winnipeg Jets finished the season with 114 points with the second most points in the league. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs#Conference_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;old playoffs format&lt;/a&gt; the top 2 seeds would never meet before conference finals, but given the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs#Current_format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;new playoffs format&lt;/a&gt;, these division rivals have to play one another before making it to the conference finals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times the top 2 seeds in the league have played in the NHL Stanley Cup playoffs since the 1979 - 1980 season where the 16 team playoffs format was introduced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-04-20T03:45:51.600" Title="How many times the top 2 teams in the NHL have met in the playoffs?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18274" CreationDate="2018-05-02T12:25:01.523" Score="4" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Golfers on the pro tour will wear logos on their hats and clothes which undoubtedly yield them revenue in endorsement money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has a golfer ever worn a college or pro sports logo on tour?  Specifically during a notable season, like a deep playoff run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-02T13:26:24.593" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T13:26:24.593" Title="Has a pro golfer ever worn a sports logo during a televised tournament?" Tags="|golf|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18273" CreationDate="2018-05-02T12:47:59.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2004, Ben Curtis &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.golfchannel.com/article/associated-press/curtis-wear-nfl-apparel/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;was endorsed&lt;/a&gt; by Reebok to wear NFL apparel. His wearing of NFL apparel did not correlate with a &quot;notable season&quot; or &quot;deep playoff run,&quot; but rather, the city he was playing in that given week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Curtis will wear the logo of the NFL team associated with the city where the PGA Tour is playing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15249" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T12:47:59.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2018-05-02T16:49:51.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throwing no-hitters in consecutive starts has only been accomplished once, I believe (Johnny Vander Meer, back in 1938)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15250" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T16:49:51.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18316" CreationDate="2018-05-02T19:25:14.127" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am actually new to cricket game . I have seen many times that players got badly injured due to ball being hit . Mostly players belongs to middle  and lower class families . Just like army Is there any committee who take action about these type of circumstances that happened?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15178" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T19:08:59.837" Title="Can ICC donate any type funds to infected or injured players?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18276" CreationDate="2018-05-03T12:52:03.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the injury happens in a game being played in a competition organised by a specific cricket board or organisation, that organisation MAY have insurance for this sort of eventuality, or they may not. You'd need to enquire with the organisation in question to get a specific answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T12:52:03.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18278" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-03T15:01:07.193" Score="0" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only one man in Major League Baseball history has recorded seven hits in seven at-bats during a regulation nine-inning game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who was this player? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For what team did he play? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who was the losing team? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why was this game particularly embarrassing for the losing team? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What were the stats for that game? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What kind of hits did he have in his seven at bats? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who pinch-hit for this player and why? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the most important events in this player’s Major League&#xA;Baseball career? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is this player’s bat from the record-making game in the National&#xA;Baseball Hall of Fame—but the player himself is NOT in the Baseball&#xA;Hall of Fame?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15254" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-03T19:12:39.440" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T19:12:39.440" Title="Who holds the Modern Era record for most hits in a nine inning Major League Baseball game?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-05-09T20:26:32.343" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16384" CreationDate="2018-05-03T15:01:34.050" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few other examples of drivers deliberately driving into each other or simply crashing for their own gain or their team, however the punishments were always quite inconsistent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I have a few other examples here which will show you the &lt;strong&gt;inconsistency of the punishements carried out for deliberate crashing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Schumacher vs Villeneuve (Jerez 1997)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As you mentioned there is the example of Schumacher driving into Villeneuve during the final round of the 1997 season in Jerez, where he was punished and saw &lt;strong&gt;all his championship points being stripped away&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Schumacher vs Hill (Adelaide 1994)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1994, Schumacher collided with Damon Hill during the final round of the championship in Adelaide. In terms of championship, Schumacher was ahead of Hill by 1 point, and therefore during the race he couldn't allow him to pass him for the lead as that would mean that Hill wound win the championship. The collision between them caused both drivers to retire, with Schumacher retiring on the spot and Hill pitting immediately to retire because of irreparable damage to the car's front left suspension wishbone. This ultimately handed the championship to Michael, &lt;strong&gt;with no punishment being carried out&lt;/strong&gt; as it was deemed as a racing incident by the stewards, although watching replays does make it look like Michael turned in on Hill in a bid to take him out, but that is your opinion: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Schumacher was blamed for the incident by many Formula One insiders. Subsequently the race stewards judged it as a racing incident and took no action against Schumacher. Schumacher, at age 25 was Germany's first Formula 1 World Drivers' Champion, but under highly controversial circumstances, although no action was ever taken against him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Australian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Schumacher (Monaco 2006)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While we are still on the subject of Schumacher, another incident happened in 2006 during the Monaco GP which saw Schumacher be punished, although he didn't drive into any other driver or crashed his car. He caused a yellow flag in the Rascasse corner where he parked his car at the end of qualifying to prevent his championship rival Fernando Alonso from completing his final lap (Alonso was putting purple sectors, which means he was on route to get pole if he kept up the lap) in their fight for pole position. As a result, he was &lt;strong&gt;sent to the back of the grid with his teammate&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When asked about the incident, Schumacher responded by saying that he &quot;locked up the front and went wide.&quot; The consensus in the paddock was that it was a deliberate act and the issue was raised with the race stewards. The stewards agreed and punished Schumacher by sending him to the back of the grid, alongside his teammate, making this the first time ever in the history of the sport that two Ferrari team cars would start a race on the back row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Monaco_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Senna vs Prost (Japan 1990)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another incident of a driver colliding into another happened in 1990 during the final round of the 1990 season in Japan where Senna wiped Prost out of the race in the first corner, which is considered one of the worst of all due to speed they were going at when they crashed. Senna had the pole, but was unhappy with the side of the track it was situated on, claiming that pole should always be on the racing line. He even said the following before the race:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Senna vowed that if Prost (starting second) got the advantage into the first corner, which most were sure he would, Senna would attempt to take the lead into the first corner, regardless of the consequences. The two drivers made contact in the first corner, sending both drivers off the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Japanese_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crash happened and Senna won the title for the 2nd time. He &lt;strong&gt;wasn't punished for the incident&lt;/strong&gt;, but did open up about it a year later:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As Senna put it when he opened up one year later: &quot;I was so frustrated I promised myself that if after the start I lose first place, I would go for it in the first corner - regardless of the result I would go for it and Prost wouldn't turn in the first corner ahead of me. And that's what took place. That was a result of the politicians making stupid decisions.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/feature/7004/what-makes-a-deliberate-crash-ok&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Piquet Jr. &amp;amp; Renault (Singapore 2008)&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The final example I'll share here to prove my point that punishments for deliberate crashing are inconsistent is Piquet Jr. crashing deliberately into the wall to allow teammate Alonso to win the 2008 Singapore GP.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is what happened in the race:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They [Massa, Hamilton, Räikkönen] continued in this order until Renault's Nelson Piquet, Jr. spun out and crashed on lap 14, bringing out the safety car. The leading drivers all pitted when the pit lane was opened. Massa prematurely left the pit box with his fuel hose still attached and dropped to last place. Alonso, who had pitted before the safety car was deployed, subsequently took the lead and won the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was later discovered that Piquet Jr. was told to crash deliberately by the team leaders (Britatore and Symonds) to maximise Alonso's chances of winning the race:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In September 2009, Renault F1 admitted to an FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting that Piquet had deliberately crashed per instructions from Renault team principal Flavio Briatore and chief engineer Pat Symonds, in the hope of helping Alonso win. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The punishment was the harshest of all as it affected the entire team, not just a single driver:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Renault team were handed a &lt;strong&gt;disqualification from F1&lt;/strong&gt;, which was suspended for two years pending any further rule infringements. &lt;strong&gt;Briatore was banned&lt;/strong&gt; from all FIA-sanctioned events for life, while &lt;strong&gt;Symonds was banned for five years&lt;/strong&gt;. However, Briatore and Symonds sued the FIA in French courts, and on January 5, 2010, the Tribunal de Grande Instance overturned the ban which had been put in place on both men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Singapore_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very interesting article adressing the inconsistency in punishment from Autosport: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/feature/7004/what-makes-a-deliberate-crash-ok&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.autosport.com/f1/feature/7004/what-makes-a-deliberate-crash-ok&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="14017" LastEditDate="2018-05-03T15:11:30.353" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T15:11:30.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18278" CreationDate="2018-05-03T16:15:33.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who was this player? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rennie Stennett&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For what team did he play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pittsburgh Pirates&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who was the losing team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chicago Cubs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why was this game particularly embarrassing for the losing team? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They were shut out 22-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What were the stats for that game? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHN/CHN197509160.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What kind of hits did he have in his seven at bats?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Double to RF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single to RF (Line Drive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single to CF (Line Drive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Double to LF (Line Drive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single to RF (Ground Ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Single to CF (Ground Ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Triple to RF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who pinch-hit for this player and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody. Willie Randolph pinch-ran for this player because reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are the most important events in this player’s Major League Baseball career? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Randolph was a 5x All-Star selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is this player’s bat from the record-making game in the National Baseball Hall of Fame—but the player himself is NOT in the Baseball Hall of Fame?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without diving into much speculation, one extraordinary game does not equal an extraordinary career. To make a raw and brief comparison, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marisro01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roger Maris&lt;/a&gt; is not a Hall-Of-Famer, but had a season in which he hit the most home runs in a season, won MVP twice, and is a 7x All-Star selection. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/stennre01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stennett&lt;/a&gt; finished no higher than 19th in MVP voting and was never an All-Star selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most objective answer is &quot;the voters for the baseball Hall-Of-Fame did not vote him in.&quot; In 1987, his first year of eligibility, he was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting,_1987&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not included in the Hall-Of-Fame ballot&lt;/a&gt;. I'm not sure if he was ever on a Hall-Of-Fame ballot, so while it is true he was never voted in, it may be true that he never had an opportunity to be voted in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15249" LastEditorUserId="15249" LastEditDate="2018-05-03T16:34:11.643" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T16:34:11.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18264" CreationDate="2018-05-03T16:41:27.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to this series, has a team who has scored more points during a series lose the series against their opponents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If so, who was the last team to complete this feat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Thunder scored 750 points while the Warriors scored 743 points during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2016-nba-western-conference-finals-thunder-vs-warriors.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 WCF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15249" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T16:41:27.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15269" CreationDate="2018-05-03T18:52:13.843" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One batter hitting 4 HR's in a game has happened only 18 times which is rarer than the perfect game. Amazingly it happened twice in 2017 (Scooter Gennett - CIN &amp;amp; J.D. Martinez - ARZ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/rare_feats/index.jsp?feature=four_homer_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/rare_feats/index.jsp?feature=four_homer_game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastEditorUserId="15255" LastEditDate="2018-05-04T15:11:00.980" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T15:11:00.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18288" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-04T04:17:01.090" Score="3" ViewCount="6082" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, what role does Mark Cuban have as the owner of the Dallas Mavericks? Is it the same across all sports? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15260" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T17:52:42.420" LastActivityDate="2020-12-04T23:50:51.977" Title="What do NBA owners Do?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-04T04:53:36.170" Score="3" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there some way you can get 1 point or 3 points for a match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, it appears to be easier to do the standard 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 for a loss. Is there some historical reason why this has been the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-04T20:16:51.510" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T20:16:51.510" Title="Is there any reason why you get 4 points for a win and 2 for a draw in AFL" Tags="|rules|history|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18288" CreationDate="2018-05-04T18:21:33.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Owners of sports teams are just that -- they own the team. The best way to think about a sports team is as a business, because that is exactly what it is. From your example Mark Cuban can do whatever he wants. He can make player decisions like Jerry Jones of the Dallas Cowboys or be completely hands off. It's up to him. Ultimately it's a business and the team owner is trying to make the most profits possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T18:21:33.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18254" CreationDate="2018-05-04T18:28:16.910" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes that is the rule a runner must stay within 3 feet of the baseline per Rule 7.08:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when—  (a)     (1)  He runs more than three&#xA;  feet away from his baseline to avoid being tagged unless his action is&#xA;  to avoid interference with a fielder fielding a batted ball.  A&#xA;  runner’s baseline is established when the tag attempt occurs and is a&#xA;  straight line from the runner to the base he is attempting to reach&#xA;  safely&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2007/07_the_runner.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2007/07_the_runner.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T15:33:25.667" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T15:33:25.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="184" CreationDate="2018-05-05T08:33:44.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is decided by fielding side captain and the bowler himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Few key points which come into the consideration while a bowler chooses an end are:-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The flow of wind:-&lt;/strong&gt; which helps a swing bowler. He chooses whether he wants to bowl with the wind or against it. Both helps in the movement of the ball a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Longest side of the field:-&lt;/strong&gt; normally we see this when a spinner starts the attack. The fielding side captain usually opt for longest side boundary to be on the leg side of a right-handed batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amount of grass on the pitch:-&lt;/strong&gt; Sometimes, the grass covering on a pitch varies from one end to another. In this case, the fast-bowler chooses the end with grass covering to begin the attack(I am considering that the best bowler of the team will ball the first over).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Superstition:-&lt;/strong&gt; Few bowlers are there who are superstitious, they choose an end which is away from pavilion or some any other mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;more form &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iccworldcup.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;icc world cup&lt;/a&gt;:-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15269" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T08:33:44.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18264" CreationDate="2018-05-06T11:40:48.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data/blob/master/nba-elo/nbaallelo.csv&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fivethirtyeight dataset&lt;/a&gt; (and hand-analysis of 2016-current), suggestions are that &lt;strong&gt;the Pacers became the 79th series loser to outscore the series winner in an official playoff series&lt;/strong&gt; (1 of those is a BAA playoffs matchup in 1947... there were also 8 ABA matchups, but those &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_playoffs#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are not officially recognized as NBA data&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;However, the series marked the greatest disparity in 59 years, way back since the (St Louis) Hawks returned the favor to the (Minneapolis) Lakers.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the ranked list as of this date (May 6, 2018):  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1956: MNL Lakers lost to STL Hawks 1-2, but outscored by 56 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1959: STL Hawks lost to MNL Lakers 2-4, but outscored by 43 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2018:  Pacers lost to  Cavileers 3-4, but outscored by 40 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990: PHO Suns lost to POR Trailblazers 2-4, but outscored by 34 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982: BOS Celtics lost to PHI Sixers 3-4, but outscored by 33 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1976: GSW Warriors lost to PHO Suns 3-4, but outscored by 29 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1958: BOS Celtics lost to STL Hawks 2-4, but outscored by 27 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1987: DET Pistons lost to BOS Celtics 3-4, but outscored by 26 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2015: LAC Clippers lost to HOU Rockets 3-4, but outscored by 22 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1981: PHO Suns lost to KCK Kings 3-4, but outscored by 19 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1976: PHI Sixers lost to BUF Clippers 1-2, but outscored by 18 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1981: MIL Bucks lost to PHI Sixers 3-4, but outscored by 18 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1988: DET Pistons lost to LAL Lakers 3-4, but outscored by 18 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1996: UTA Jazz lost to SEA Thunder 3-4, but outscored by 18 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1974: DET Pistons lost to CHI Bulls 3-4, but outscored by 16 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1984: LAL Lakers lost to BOS Celtics 3-4, but outscored by 16 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990: SAS Spurs lost to POR Trailblazers 3-4, but outscored by 16 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1973: MIL Bucks lost to GSW Warriors 2-4, but outscored by 15 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1995: SEA Thunder lost to LAL Lakers 1-3, but outscored by 15 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1951: SYR Sixers lost to NYK Knicks 2-3, but outscored by 14 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1972: MIL Bucks lost to LAL Lakers 2-4, but outscored by 14 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2013: BRK Nets lost to CHI Bulls 3-4, but outscored by 14 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1979: PHI Sixers lost to SAS Spurs 3-4, but outscored by 13 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2000: POR Trailblazers lost to LAL Lakers 3-4, but outscored by 13 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2005: DET Pistons lost to SAS Spurs 3-4, but outscored by 13 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1978: MIL Bucks lost to DEN Nuggets 3-4, but outscored by 12 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990: CLE Cavaliers lost to PHI Sixers 2-3, but outscored by 12 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1963: LAL Lakers lost to BOS Celtics 2-4, but outscored by 11 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1988: ATL Hawks lost to BOS Celtics 3-4, but outscored by 11 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1991: BOS Celtics lost to DET Pistons 2-4, but outscored by 11 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2000: IND Pacers lost to LAL Lakers 2-4, but outscored by 11 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2011: ORL Magic lost to ATL Hawks 2-4, but outscored by 11 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1995: NYK Knicks lost to IND Pacers 3-4, but outscored by 10 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2016:  Pacers lost to  Raptors 3-4, but outscored by 10 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1956: BOS Celtics lost to SYR Sixers 1-2, but outscored by 9 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1962: CIN Kings lost to DET Pistons 1-3, but outscored by 9 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2000: MIL Bucks lost to IND Pacers 2-3, but outscored by 9 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1968: STL Hawks lost to SFW Warriors 2-4, but outscored by 8 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1974: CAP Wizards lost to NYK Knicks 3-4, but outscored by 8 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1994: CHI Bulls lost to NYK Knicks 3-4, but outscored by 8 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2004: SAC Kings lost to MIN Timberwolves 3-4, but outscored by 8 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2008: CLE Cavaliers lost to BOS Celtics 3-4, but outscored by 8 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2003: POR Trailblazers lost to DAL Mavericks 3-4, but outscored by 7 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2004: DAL Mavericks lost to SAC Kings 1-4, but outscored by 7 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2006: LAC Clippers lost to PHO Suns 3-4, but outscored by 7 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2016:  Thunder lost to  Warriors 3-4, but outscored by 7 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1952: BOS Celtics lost to NYK Knicks 1-2, but outscored by 6 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1980: MIL Bucks lost to SEA Thunder 3-4, but outscored by 6 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1998: ATL Hawks lost to CHH Pelicans 1-3, but outscored by 6 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2009: MIA Heat lost to ATL Hawks 3-4, but outscored by 6 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2016:  Clippers lost to  Trailblazers 2-4, but outscored by 6 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1979: SAS Spurs lost to WSB Wizards 3-4, but outscored by 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1986: PHI Sixers lost to MIL Bucks 3-4, but outscored by 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1994: NYK Knicks lost to HOU Rockets 3-4, but outscored by 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2012: MEM Grizzlies lost to LAC Clippers 3-4, but outscored by 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2013: SAS Spurs lost to MIA Heat 3-4, but outscored by 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1955: FTW Pistons lost to SYR Sixers 3-4, but outscored by 4 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1976: WSB Wizards lost to CLE Cavaliers 3-4, but outscored by 4 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1994: SEA Thunder lost to DEN Nuggets 2-3, but outscored by 4 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2016:  Spurs lost to  Thunder 3-4, but outscored by 4 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1953: ROC Kings lost to FTW Pistons 1-2, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1969: LAL Lakers lost to BOS Celtics 3-4, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982: SEA Thunder lost to SAS Spurs 1-4, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1984: DET Pistons lost to NYK Knicks 2-3, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1990: BOS Celtics lost to NYK Knicks 2-3, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2007: PHO Suns lost to SAS Spurs 2-4, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2012: DEN Nuggets lost to LAL Lakers 3-4, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2015: SAS Spurs lost to LAC Clippers 3-4, but outscored by 3 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1950: SHE Redskins lost to INO Olympians 1-2, but outscored by 2 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1992: GSW Warriors lost to SEA Thunder 1-3, but outscored by 2 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2002: SAC Kings lost to LAL Lakers 3-4, but outscored by 2 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2014: HOU Rockets lost to POR Trailblazers 2-4, but outscored by 2 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1947: STB Bombers lost to PHW Warriors 1-2, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1951: INO Olympians lost to MNL Lakers 1-2, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1982: PHI Sixers lost to LAL Lakers 2-4, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1989: HOU Rockets lost to SEA Thunder 1-3, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1993: IND Pacers lost to NYK Knicks 1-3, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2002: IND Pacers lost to NJN Nets 2-3, but outscored by 1 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2006: WAS Wizards lost to CLE Cavaliers 2-4, but outscored by 1 points  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note I cannot absolutely ensure the lack of errors... the dataset doesn't indicate where playoff series start and end.... which happened to be a problem in the 56 season, when MNL and STL actually played 4 playoff games in a row.... but turns out the first was a division tiebreaker!  I fixed that issue, but there could feasibly be similar small errors, either in computation, or in the dataset itself)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Apologies for team monikers like Seattle Thunder, but it's how the set was laid out to maintain franchise records)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for those wondering:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2016 and 1990 hold the record of 4 series to wind up this way (no surprise since more teams make the playoffs in the modern days!)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Only four years since 2000 have not had this occurrence happen.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T11:40:48.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18306" CreationDate="2018-05-06T12:15:08.467" Score="3" ViewCount="9297" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IAAF Diamond league is held between May and August every year with track and field events held every week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is clear by the point system how one makes it to the final of Diamond league,  but how does an athlete qualify to participate in Diamond league ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15274" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T11:03:11.583" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T10:24:46.170" Title="How does an athlete qualify to participate in Diamond League?" Tags="|qualifying|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18308" CreationDate="2018-05-06T15:27:04.170" Score="3" ViewCount="668" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times have teams lost the matches when they enforced the follow-on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were any of these teams from Asia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T05:56:33.617" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T05:56:33.617" Title="In what percentage of test matches did the team lose when enforcing a follow-on?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18304" CreationDate="2018-05-06T15:43:02.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It's subjective and ultimately up to the meet directors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is basically: Except for the two final meets in Zurich and Brussels (for which athletes are invited in descending order based on their total DL points this season), it's all based upon athlete reputation and up to the discretion of each meet director. It's usually the job of the athlete's agent to convince the meet directors that they are good enough to race at their meet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course this opens up the possibility of the DL not being as &quot;fair&quot; as the world championships, but I generally think they do a good job of filling the fields. It's to the meet director's advantage to only invite the fastest / highest-ranking athletes anyways, because that's what people come to see. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also the reason why most DL meets have a disproportionate number of athletes from the host country, even if some of them wouldn't be &quot;good enough&quot; to get invited to other meets. This isn't necessarily a bad thing though -- it opens up the possibility for upsets and often times these slower athletes are dragged to big PRs by running in an elite field anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a meet director were to go totally off-base and, say, only invite athletes from the host nation, it's likely the athletes would cause a stir and it's possible that the IAAF could remove it from the DL circuit. For the motivations listed above this is extremely unlikely though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that even Zurich and Brussels were up to the discretion of meet directors up until the DL format change two years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14904" LastEditorUserId="14904" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T05:17:02.343" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T05:17:02.343" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18314" CreationDate="2018-05-06T16:07:55.450" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a cricket fan but I have little bit confusion that how Pakistani franchises select the players in psl and how Indian franchises select the player basically I want to know that how ipl selection criteria is different from psl selection criteria in draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastEditorUserId="15178" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T18:38:06.113" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T18:38:06.113" Title="what is the criteria to chose the squad of PSL teams and how this is different from IPL" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-05-21T11:39:38.053" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18305" CreationDate="2018-05-06T16:25:05.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of May 2018, there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283938.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three Test matches won after a team followed on&lt;/a&gt; (winning team listed first):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17678/scorecard/62437/australia-vs-england-1st-test-england-tour-of-australia-1894-95/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England vs Australia at Sydney in 1894&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17031/scorecard/63291/england-vs-australia-3rd-test-australia-tour-of-england-1981/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England vs Australia at Headingley in 1981&lt;/a&gt; (part of &quot;Botham's Ashes&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15565/scorecard/63920/india-vs-australia-2nd-test-australia-tour-of-india-2000-01/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India vs Australia at Kolkata in 2001&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is out of a total of 2302 Tests matches played to date, so that means that about 0.13% of all Test matches have been won by the team following on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T18:57:21.093" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T18:57:21.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-06T18:40:57.947" Score="1" ViewCount="545" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say a pitcher is currently pitching a no-hitter: No runs, no hits, 9 innings pitch. However, his offense gets no runs and he gives up one unearned run by having a dropped ball in the outfield, and a run scores even though he gave up no earned hits or no base on balls. The pitcher's team loses the game 1-0 and that pitcher's stat line is 9IP, 0ER, 1R, 0H, 0BB. Does he still get credited with a loss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15277" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T04:44:20.040" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T05:44:03.637" Title="Does a pitcher get credited with a loss after a no-hitter with an unearned run?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18310" CreationDate="2018-05-06T20:20:43.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. He was the pitcher of record at the time that the other team took the lead and never relinquished it, so he gets the loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this may seem unlikely, most things have happened in baseball at one time or another; depending slightly on your definition of &quot;no hitter&quot; there have been &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/rare_feats/index.jsp?feature=no_hitter_loss&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;five instances of this since 1900&lt;/a&gt; - three of those were for the away team, so the pitcher pitched only eight innings, making it not an official no hitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T20:20:43.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18307" CreationDate="2018-05-07T18:34:44.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;These all things are based on your cricket management system. what criteria the player should have depend upon your team cricketing staff. Here is the reference of the site that will help u and make your confusion clear..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sportsmaza.com/cricket/pakistan-super-league-psl-vs-ipl-indian-premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://sportsmaza.com/cricket/pakistan-super-league-psl-vs-ipl-indian-premier-league/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15178" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T18:34:44.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18276" CreationDate="2018-05-07T19:08:59.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ICC is not responsible for any tragedy related to players  and ICC will not give  funds to injured players but their boards will rescue them in terms of funding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T19:08:59.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18164" CreationDate="2018-05-07T19:39:13.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends upon the people whom they prefer the most as many leagues like&#xA;1= PSL&#xA;2= IPL&#xA;3=BPL&#xA;these all leagues are becoming the famous and become the cause of entertainment around the world  . Now people are prefer these types of leagues the most because these matches are seen by millions of people live on internet and mostly on channels in Asia sides so i think cricket is getting more popular and after football leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15178" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T19:39:13.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-08T06:16:21.457" Score="4" ViewCount="559" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/jGU5pPR3qis?t=1m9s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LeBron James's buzzer beater&lt;/a&gt; against the Raptors the ball passes through the net with 0.3 seconds left. There are buzzer beaters with plays starting with 0.3s left, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ztjOjdVjnQo?t=4m4s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;such as this one&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought the criteria for stopping time was the ball passing through the net; plus, the factor of 0.3s not being enough time to bother playing it contradicts the second video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why didn't the Raptors get to play the 0.3s left? What are the rules in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15286" LastEditorUserId="15286" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T02:44:26.863" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T22:08:54.627" Title="Playing after buzzer beater with almost no time left" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18321" CreationDate="2018-05-08T12:45:50.803" Score="5" ViewCount="933" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an interesting thing because it must be awfully rare, to say the least. This is for the whole of first-class cricket, by the way, not just Test cricket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T12:41:22.093" Title="Has winning by exactly an innings ever happened in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18320" CreationDate="2018-05-08T14:40:32.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is impossible. Suppose the following happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A score 100 all out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B score 200 all out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A score 100 all out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team B will need to score 1 run in their second innings to win. If they are all dismissed for 0 runs (of course very unlikely), then the match is a tie. So they need to go out and bat to get that 1 run, at which point they will have won by 10 (or maybe 9, or 8...) wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had team A scored only 99 in the second innings, then Team B would have won by an innings and 1 run, and had they scored 101, Team B would have to score 2 to win. There is now way to &quot;win by exactly an innings&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case of runs being tied after the third innings has &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;innings_number=4;orderby=start;result=1;runsmax2=1;runsmin2=1;runsval2=runs;template=results;type=team;view=innings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;happened in five test matches&lt;/a&gt;, most recently between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/16959/scorecard/63338/west-indies-vs-india-4th-test-india-tour-of-west-indies-1982-83/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Indies and India in 1983&lt;/a&gt;. None of the teams batting last had any difficulty in getting the required run to win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T12:41:22.093" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T12:41:22.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17849" CreationDate="2018-05-08T16:00:22.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players can be replaced if they got injured otherwise after specific time they can not be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer of your second point, most players can be replaced if they are injured. But during the match you cannot replace the players because it is against the cricket rule.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-08T17:13:59.550" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T17:13:59.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14077" CreationDate="2018-05-08T16:07:19.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a start, three ideas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Top-down: which countries play waterpolo (check WC results/qualifiers?). Then guess the % of inhabitants playing WP. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottom-up: find the amount of pools where they play WP or amount of teams and then combine that to a total number. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively: look up the stats for all the (biggest) countries individually: for example USAWP organisation had 44773 members in 2016 according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/water-polo-one-of-fastest-growing-sports-in-u-s-according-to-nfhs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/water-polo-one-of-fastest-growing-sports-in-u-s-according-to-nfhs/&lt;/a&gt; and is growing (+25% since 2011) while apparently many states are not yet included in the stats due to their &quot;club status&quot;. So I would say +100k worldwide at least after including Europe &amp;amp; Australia. (Minor in rest of the world apparently)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="517" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T16:07:19.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2121" CreationDate="2018-05-08T16:47:20.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the batting team requires only 1 run and batsman  require only two runs to complete the century and bowler bowls a no ball in last ball and batsman hits the four or six then  it will not count the score towards the batsman but one run due to no ball will count towards the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T16:47:20.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2121" CreationDate="2018-05-08T17:47:04.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;yes it is possible because according to cricket law you can take run on no ball unless you got run out and your second point that  the next ball, the bowler bowls a No ball and the batsman hits FOUR or SIX. Will the batsman reach to his century or not? .. the answer is that the batsman will reach his century either it is no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15178" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T17:47:04.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18332" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18341" CreationDate="2018-05-08T18:00:56.723" Score="9" ViewCount="18189" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a big fan of cricket but cricket is not played in Olympics I want to know the reason of cricket is not played in Olympics&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15146" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T13:18:12.253" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T04:01:15.330" Title="Why is cricket not played at the Olympics?" Tags="|cricket|olympics|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-08T18:22:35.760" Score="3" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day I was playing in a game soccer and the ball deflected into an empty space. Myself and an opposing player started to chase the ball down when I was called for a foul. We were running shoulder to shoulder when I did what could be described as a &quot;swim move&quot; to establish position. I did not push, grab, or trip the other player. Why was a foul called?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15290" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-08T19:31:42.743" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T06:58:27.557" Title="Foul in soccer chasing a free ball" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18335" CreationDate="2018-05-08T20:04:10.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, extending your arm and impeding progress of your opponent is a foul. Soccer is not played with your arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: It's what the referee observes and if you extend your arm across the body of your opponent... well that's usually seen as &quot;obstruction&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T20:04:10.050" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18332" CreationDate="2018-05-08T21:03:44.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket, although extremely popular in Asian countries is not very popular in Europe or North America (a case can be made for England, but it is seen as a rich man's game, so still not very popular). They make many of the decisions surrounding the Olympics, as you can see the majority of the members of the IOC (international olympics committee) are members of Europe or North America. (source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.olympic.org/ioc-members-list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.olympic.org/ioc-members-list&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the International Cricket Council is notoriously bad at trying to make the sport more popular, they recently shot down a proposed remediation to the current format of the World Cup that, according to mass belief, would encourage the growth of cricket in new countries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TLDR: Cricket isn't popular in the majority of the world and the governing council isn't doing anything to change that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15291" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T21:03:44.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18332" CreationDate="2018-05-09T07:12:22.070" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This what I found from the Internet readings,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket was only held at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, only two countries where participated in it, Britain and France where Britain won the Gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A cricket tournament was scheduled for 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Louis but was eventually canceled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket's governing bodies have for much of their recent history been unwilling to return to the Olympics. In particular, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and England Cricket Board (ECB), considered international cricket's two most powerful boards, have long been opposed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, Three leading cricket sides - England, Ireland and the West Indies - do not correspond to Olympic national teams, a problem also faced in rugby and association football. The United Kingdom competes at the Olympics as Great Britain with athletes from England, Scotland, Wales and those British Overseas Territories without their own Olympic team. Athletes from Northern Ireland can choose to represent either Great Britain or Ireland. In cricket, Scotland has its own team, Welsh players play for the England team, and the Ireland team represents the Republic and Northern Ireland together. In rugby, Team GB have to nominate one Home Nations team whose results will be used to determine whether Great Britain as a whole qualifies for the Olympics, but players from all the Home Nations can play for the combined team according to the usual Olympic rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But cricket may yet be reintroduced. The International Cricket Council is pitching for 20-over cricket in the next Olympics. As ICC said that He said that he did not think there would be any opposition from ICC members England or West Indies due to the fact that they would not be able to compete at a Games under those banners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/39445193&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/39445193&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;                  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/25/cricket-on-verge-making-application-olympic-inclusion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/25/cricket-on-verge-making-application-olympic-inclusion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15295" LastEditorUserId="15295" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T08:19:56.647" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T08:19:56.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17190" CreationDate="2018-05-09T08:35:08.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/indias-most-valuable-odi-players-this-year/20180221.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Check for the source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Most Valuable Player Index (MVPI) picks out batsmen who score a lot of runs at a high strike rate, bowlers who take a lot of wickets at a low economy rate, and fielders who take the most catches or participate in run outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MVPI expresses a player's overall batting + bowling + fielding performance in terms of a 'run equivalent'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MVPI: Most Valuable Player Index = Sum of batting, bowling and fielding points. Run outs are counted as 1 (wicket) for a direct hit, and 0.5 (wicket) if the fielder is an equal participant in a run out dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T08:35:08.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18271" CreationDate="2018-05-09T13:21:04.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mavericks at Thunder on May 23, 2011, has accomplished the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2018/05/01/nba-playoffs-game-1-cavaliers-raptors-game-2-warriors-pelicans/?noredirect=on&amp;amp;utm_term=.901288f53d27&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2018/05/01/nba-playoffs-game-1-cavaliers-raptors-game-2-warriors-pelicans/?noredirect=on&amp;amp;utm_term=.901288f53d27&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15295" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T13:21:04.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-09T13:43:39.627" Score="5" ViewCount="2206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a shot that hits the woodwork considered a shot on target? Apparently this is not counted in the EPL and La Liga? Is this true? I searched all of this extensively but could not find anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15297" LastEditorUserId="110" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T18:30:02.697" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T08:08:02.197" Title="Does a shot hitting the woodwork count as a &quot;shot on target&quot; in football?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18346" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-09T16:35:41.567" Score="1" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to get NBA headshot photos from a few years ago, but it appears that NBA.com only keeps about the past 3 years. For example, there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/headshots/nba/1610612745/2017/260x190/201935.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;James Harden&amp;#39;s 2017 photo&quot;&gt;James Harden's 2017 photo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/headshots/nba/1610612745/2016/260x190/201935.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Harden's 2016 photo&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/headshots/nba/1610612745/2015/260x190/201935.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Harden's 2015 photo&lt;/a&gt;. However, what I would expect to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/headshots/nba/1610612745/2014/260x190/201935.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Harden's 2014 photo&lt;/a&gt; does not exist. I'm wondering if previous years are stored using a different URL format, or where else previous photos might exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-27T06:42:19.643" LastActivityDate="2019-03-27T06:42:19.643" Title="Recovering previous NBA headshot photos" Tags="|nba|media|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10764" CreationDate="2018-05-09T23:17:58.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I highly suggest starting with a non-aggressive pair of shoes (i.e. something with a flat bottom rather than the more advanced down-turned toe style). Also, try different brands! Certain brands just fit certain feet better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I second the point about the &quot;snug but not tight&quot; fit. Think: would you be comfortable walking around the gym for a few hours without taking them off. This will also be a good shoe if you ever want to get into doing long easy climbs or slab climbs outdoors (Unless of course, your friends only do overhanging sport climbs. To each their own I guess). I eventually got my first pair of shoes resoled and it was perfectly shaped to my foot for spending many hours on a climb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you get more advanced, you will probably want your second pair of shoes to fit your foot more closely and have a little bit of down-turn for those steep gym routes. Keep in mind that a shoe with a leather top should stretch out over time a bit more than a synthetic top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also agree with the sub $100 point, but they aren't making it easy these days. I see no reason why a beginner pair would cost more than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15299" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T23:17:58.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="360" CreationDate="2018-05-09T23:44:08.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few points about multipitching:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You each tie into an end of the rope and stay tied in for the duration of the climb. When you finish the pitch, often you will tether yourself to the focal point of the anchor and set up a top belay off of the shelf (correctly!). When the 2nd climber gets up to you they can also attach themselves to the focal point. (Be careful to keep any tether weighted since the lack of stretch can result in serious shock-loads.) Next, regardless of who is climbing, you will need to transition from a top belay to a regular belay. At this point you will also transfer the full rack to the new leader.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rope can be stacked on the ledge or looped over top of your tether. If the 2nd climber will continue through and lead the next pitch, make each loop smaller than the previous and it will avoid rope tangles. 2 equalized bolts should certainly be able to catch a fall if the person is on belay (not tethered) and there is rope stretch and some slippage through the device to limit the peak force. However, the belayer needs to be prepared to catch a fall that will pull downwards!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most importantly, do a LOT of learning before you try any of this! Hiring a qualified guide to teach you is a very good idea. This book is also helpful (but maybe not comprehensive): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.ca/Rock-Climbing-Anchors-Comprehensive-Guide/dp/1594850062/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1525908315&amp;amp;sr=8-3&amp;amp;keywords=climbing+anchors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.amazon.ca/Rock-Climbing-Anchors-Comprehensive-Guide/dp/1594850062/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1525908315&amp;amp;sr=8-3&amp;amp;keywords=climbing+anchors&lt;/a&gt;. Learn some basic self-rescue techniques and make sure you have all your systems completely sorted out on the ground before you get up there. Remember, you might not even be able to see or hear each other by the time you get to the anchor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stay safe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15299" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T23:44:08.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18332" CreationDate="2018-05-10T06:23:18.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket was penciled in as an event in the very first modern Olympic Games at Athens in 1896, it was listed in the original program but was later shelved due to an insufficient number of entries. Four years later in the 1900 Paris Olympics, only four teams entered the fray — Great Britain, Belgium, Holland, and the hosts, France. Belgium and Holland withdrew from the cricket competition after their co-hosting bids were turned down. Therefore, the final match was contested between the teams of the two nations across the English Channel, Great Britain and France. Great Britain won the 12-a-side match contested over two days, cricket has never featured in the Olympic Games since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game of cricket has 105 full members from across the world. However, only 10 of these members are full members with “Test status”. There are many reasons as to why cricket took so long to mobilize popular opinion. For one, the English Cricket Board had an issue with the Summer Olympics clashing with its traditional cricketing calendar. Development of local infrastructure at a new country with no history of the game is going to be a hard sell, no bums on seats for an alien sport is not appealing to broadcasters either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of now, the traditional cricketing nations have nothing to gain in terms of an Olympic medal as the game’s biggest and prestigious contests are to be had in Test matches and the ODI World Cups. The Olympics should hence be pegged as a high-visibility showcase with a commitment for initiation into cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Details : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/thread/sports/no-spot-the-olympics-its-not-cricket/article17949431.ece&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/thread/sports/no-spot-the-olympics-its-not-cricket/article17949431.ece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15302" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T06:23:18.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18352" CreationDate="2018-05-10T06:30:11.367" Score="3" ViewCount="487" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman use back side of his bat to play a shot in cricket. Is that a valid cricket shot ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15302" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T13:39:35.067" Title="Can a batsman use back side of his bat to play a shot in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18351" CreationDate="2018-05-10T09:00:16.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's perfectly legal but due to the uneven surface shots will not result as intended. The laws of cricket do not have any specific rule pertaining to this particular aspect of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please check this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/What-happen-if-cricket-player-playing-from-back-side-of-bat?utm_medium=organic&amp;amp;utm_source=google_rich_qa&amp;amp;utm_campaign=google_rich_qa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15295" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T09:00:16.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18351" CreationDate="2018-05-10T13:39:35.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes there is no restriction in using any side of bat, even edges.&#xA;There are though restriction on size, weight and shape of Bat.&#xA;Check here &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-bat/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-bat/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13462" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T13:39:35.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-11T02:09:02.980" Score="4" ViewCount="6158" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a bowler, within the same over, bowl three balls with their right hand and three balls with their left hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they do this alternating sides or must they complete all deliveries with each hand consecutively before changing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15303" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T05:49:42.727" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T12:47:20.843" Title="Can a bowler change hands for different deliveries in the same over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2018-05-11T03:05:45.760" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked at three sites for the answer to this question, but none of them have the correct answer.  First of all, it is a totally idiotic gesture, and most batters do it all the time.  One of the reasons would be to see if the pitcher is laughing at them or doing a dance in celebration.  But the main reason is to look at them viciously, while thinking in their mind that they will get them next time.  Watch the best baseball movie of all, Bull Durham, and see what Kevin Costner is saying as he stares at the pitcher after he struck out.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15304" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T03:05:45.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18356" CreationDate="2018-05-11T05:56:54.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowlers must inform the Umpire, who in turn informs the batsmen of what side of the wicket they will bowl from and from which hand when they begin their spell. They need to inform the Umpire, who informs the batsmen if they want to change it but can do so as often as they like. That is all though, the style of bowling need not be declared, just the side of the wicket and hand. If he didn't inform it would be declared as a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a bowler a can switch hands, but with prior information to the standing umpire for the change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/slideshow/cricket-5-cricketers-bowled-both-hands?imgid=78899&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15295" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T05:56:54.673" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18345" CreationDate="2018-05-11T05:59:08.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on who is taking the records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The argument for &lt;strong&gt;ex&lt;/strong&gt;cluding it is that being on target means it should go in unless it is blocked. It wasn't blocked and didn't go in, therefore it's not on target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The argument for &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt;cluding it is that being on target means it would hit the face of the goal, which includes the face of the posts and crossbar, so hitting these is still hitting the target and therefore it was on target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T05:59:08.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5361" CreationDate="2018-05-11T07:24:04.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few reasons for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ATP season is already very long, starting from January and ending in November. So, players only get a month to recover which is very taxing on their body. A new tournament will only add more days to the playing schedule. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/22187832/just-sad-day-injured-rafael-nadal-australian-open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Players like Nadal have expressed their dissatisfaction of a long season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When will it be held? For a Grass masters tournament to be held, it should be either held a couple of weeks before Wimbledon or after it. Obviously, it doesn't make much sense nor is it very appealing for a Grass masters tournament to be held  after the most prestigious tournament of grass. Note that the analogy of hard court tournaments being held after US Open doesn't hold water here because there's the ATP world tour finals after US Open too. If you hold it two weeks before Wimbledon, then, to you have to push Wimbledon back by 2 weeks which might not seem to be much but it adds an extra fortnight to the players' playing schedule. Now, due to the infamous British climate, the ideal playing conditions will not be seen if Wimbledon moves to August.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most important reason, according to me, is that &lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.fantasticgardeners.co.uk/the-complex-science-behind-the-lush-green-grass-courts-of-wimbledon/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;grass courts are notoriously difficult and costly to maintain&lt;/a&gt;. It's understandable that tournaments aren't willing to invest in Grass courts, rather preferring to have the easy-to-maintain hard courts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, despite how &quot;fair&quot; it may sound, Masters tournament in grass courts is not happening in the near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12470" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T07:24:04.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-11T07:31:33.277" Score="5" ViewCount="1071" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rafael Nadal, recently won his 50th consecutive set on Clay in his match against Diego Schwartzman in 2018. This apparently moved him in front of John McEnroe who won 49 consecutive sets on carpet in 1984.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is there any official statistics that show who has won how many consecutive sets in a particular court? And if yes, who is the third best in that category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12470" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T16:46:19.680" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T13:06:50.643" Title="Record of consecutive sets won" Tags="|tennis|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18345" CreationDate="2018-05-11T08:08:02.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a shot on target is anything inside the woodwork.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a shot was inside the woodwork but deflected onto the woodwork then this would count as a shot on target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14835" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T08:08:02.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18364" CreationDate="2018-05-11T09:32:51.713" Score="0" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any overseas player played for Ireland in matches against English County Sides prior to their admission as a full member of ICC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15130" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T09:08:25.610" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T09:08:25.610" Title="Is there any foreign players represented Ireland in county series" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18363" CreationDate="2018-05-11T10:04:51.077" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rte.ie/sport/cricket/2007/0509/217596-cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article suggests&lt;/a&gt;, a number have done it in the past when Ireland were not at the level they now play at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T10:07:30.030" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T10:07:30.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18319" CreationDate="2018-05-11T16:06:52.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is simply a technicality in order to ensure an official game. The clock does stop as soon as the ball clears the bottom of the net. It is generally accepted that a player cannot release his shot in under .4 seconds but in order to consummate a complete official game the clock must end up at 0:00. The same goes for football games that end on kneel downs. If there's little enough time the defense won't get the ball again, but if the clock doesn't read 0:00 it's not a complete game so the offense chooses to kneel the ball until the clock runs out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full normal shot is not possible (watch this - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOiH1eVCggw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOiH1eVCggw&lt;/a&gt;) in less than .4 seconds. Notice how the narrator says that Curry's shot is the quickest they have ever analyzed. Also about shooting in under .3 seconds here's the rule -  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_l.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_l.html?nav=ArticleList&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definition of basket - &#xA;RULE NO. 5—SCORING AND TIMING&#xA;Section I—Scoring&#xA;a. A legal field goal or free throw attempt shall b&#xA;e scored when a ball from the playing&#xA;area enters the basket from above and remains in or&#xA; passes through the net.&#xA;Section V—Stoppage of Timing Devices&#xA;a. The timing devices shall be stopped whenever the&#xA; official’s whistle sounds.&#xA;b. The timing devices shall be stopped:&#xA;(1) During the last minute of the first, second and &#xA;third periods following a success-&#xA;ful field goal attempt.&#xA;(2) During the last two minutes of regulation play a&#xA;nd/or overtime(s) following a&#xA;successful field goal attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that the ball must clear the bottom of the net to be considered a legal field goal at which point the clock is to be stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T22:08:54.627" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T22:08:54.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18671" CreationDate="2018-05-11T16:19:15.090" Score="6" ViewCount="979" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Toronto Raptors fired their head coach Dwane Casey on 11 May 2018 after losing to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the second round playoffs of 2017-2018 season. This happened only days after Dwane Casey was voted the NBA coach of the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times in the NBA history has a head coach been fired on the same year he won the coach of the year award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:20:45.710" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:20:45.710" Title="How many times in the NBA history was the Coach of the year fired?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18367" CreationDate="2018-05-11T16:47:39.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened to George Karl in 2013; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/news/nba--sources--nuggets-fire-coach-george-karl-152614807.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Yahoo! Sports article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15306" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-05-17T20:27:40.977" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T20:27:40.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-13T16:02:40.903" Score="6" ViewCount="1395" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alexander Ovechkin, captain of the Washington Capitals scored 2 seconds in the power play, late in the first period of game 1 of Eastern Conference finals of the 2017-2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the fastest power play goals ever scored in the regular season and postseason in the history of the NHL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T01:09:16.803" Title="Fastest power play goal in the history of the NHL" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|scoring|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18394" CreationDate="2018-05-14T07:14:58.437" Score="9" ViewCount="4951" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent game of pool, my opponent hit a shot that resulted in 2 balls getting stuck in between a pocket's walls.  They were both still touching the table surface, while at the same time partially below the table surface (partially in the pocket).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is what happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H8rRP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H8rRP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the ruling in this situation?  Both balls pocketed?  Neither ball pocketed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T22:46:57.813" Title="What happens when 2 balls partially fall into a pocket and then get stuck?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18381" CreationDate="2018-05-14T08:47:21.283" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nothing special&lt;/strong&gt;. The game progresses a usual ! I.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you made the ball which you called and the pocket you get a shot otherwise the opponent takes the shot. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastEditorUserId="15320" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T18:08:51.760" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T18:08:51.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13067" CreationDate="2018-05-14T13:21:26.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is what I did:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a video of yours while playing and watch to video to check:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How is your &lt;em&gt;stance&lt;/em&gt;. Pause the video at required places and validate if you are really correct and in right balance. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How is your bridge arm. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How's is your &lt;strong&gt;striking elbow&lt;/strong&gt;. This is very critical when comes to observing the cue action. You should be perpendicular to the ground as much as possible with no action other than the elbow(check shoulder and rest of the arm doesn't move)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Head&lt;/strong&gt;  : Head or any part of the body should not move while taking the shot on .Most times I was making a mistake of shaking my head when I had to strike hard . Please avoid this. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With above-mentioned, you should be able to improve the cue action with a good flow. Getting the right groove is the key :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T13:21:26.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18387" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-14T13:37:20.890" Score="4" ViewCount="804" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious to know how many times maximum breaks were scored in a decider frame. I remember one from Ronnie but don't remember the opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were there any more records like this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastEditorUserId="15320" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T06:26:35.590" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T19:28:06.370" Title="How many 147 were made in a decider frame" Tags="|records|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16211" CreationDate="2018-05-14T14:27:01.370" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player 1 loses in this game&lt;/strong&gt;. Why?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8-ball made on an illegal shot&lt;/strong&gt;: As player 1 has called 8-ball and the pocket, he cannot make contact with any other ball first.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T14:27:01.370" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18390" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-14T18:06:58.233" Score="5" ViewCount="806" Body="&lt;p&gt;As most outdoor sports can be played in rain , Cricket has a disadvantage. Shouldn't a match be played the next possible day in such cases ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T16:25:12.473" Title="Why can't a cricket match be played on other day in case of rain?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18390" CreationDate="2018-05-14T18:39:34.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of important matches (e.g. semi-finals and finals of major tournaments), a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2878/what-is-reserve-day-in-odi-cricket&quot;&gt;reserve day&lt;/a&gt; is often scheduled which does exactly this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the case of a lot of other matches, it's just not practical. A high-level cricket match doesn't just involve the players, but the fans, the ground staff, security and policing as well. They can't all just be moved to the next day because it happened to rain. And for anything below full time professional matches, the players might not be able to turn up either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T18:39:34.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-14T20:27:20.950" Score="3" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious to know why I don't see most Indian batsmen playing sweep shot against spin which is a regulation shot overseas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T09:57:08.627" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T08:16:13.883" Title="Why most Indian batsmen don't play sweep in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18393" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18395" CreationDate="2018-05-14T20:58:53.837" Score="4" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the international events, it is clear that ice hockey teams from Sweden and Finland are better than teams from Norway (both now and historically).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is visible for example on this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IIHF_World_Rankings#2011%E2%80%9318&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;historical list of rankings on wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The population of Finland and Norway is similar, the position of all three countries is similar, the weather is similar. I don't understand why this should be different (and it is not just some temporary issue, it has been like this for a long time now).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there some objective reason for that?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12663" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T19:22:39.930" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T10:48:08.620" Title="Is there an objective reason for Scandinavian ice hockey ranking?" Tags="|ice-hockey|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18381" CreationDate="2018-05-14T22:46:57.813" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Billiard Congress of America has a rule for a &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bca-pool.com/general/custom.asp?page=55&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;jawed balls&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.33     JAWED BALLS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two or more balls are locked between the jaws or sides of the pocket, with one or more suspended in air, the referee shall inspect the balls in position and follow this procedure: he shall visually (or physically if he desires) project each ball directly downward from its locked position; any ball that in his judgement would fall in the pocket if so moved directly downward is a pocketed ball, while any ball that would come to rest on the bed of the table is not pocketed. The balls are then placed according to the referee’s assessment, and play continues according to specific game rules as if no locking or jawing of balls had occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule says &amp;quot;one or more suspended in air&amp;quot; though, so it doesn't exactly match my situation where the balls are still touching the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The International Billiards Association has a rule for a &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ibapool.com/Content/Pdfs/rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;jammed balls&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;j) Jammed Balls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible for two or more balls to&#xA;become clustered in the jaws of a pocket  in such a way&#xA;that one or more of these balls would fall into the pocket&#xA;if the other balls were not preventing this. Any ball that&#xA;both players agree would otherwise fall into the pocket&#xA;should be placed in the pocket  before the next stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on this rule, the situation I described should have resulted in both balls being pocketed, since the center of each ball was over the pocket and not the table surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T22:46:57.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18393" CreationDate="2018-05-14T23:30:49.840" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based upon the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey#Number_of_registered_players_by_country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IIHF's records of registered hockey players by country&lt;/a&gt;, Finland and Sweden have nearing 10 times as many people participating in organized hockey leagues compared to Norway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/attendance-2016-2017/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;average attendance in the top level hockey leagues&lt;/a&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sweden: 5,707 &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finland: 4,326&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Norway: 1,955&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In fact Sweden's second tier has a higher average attendance than Norway's Get-ligaen!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So the objective answer appears to lay in the lack of participation (at least at organized levels) in Norway.&lt;/strong&gt;  And that likely also lines up with a lower degree of funding and overall support.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why lowered interest?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems a part of it may lie in increased interest in alternative sports.  Norway has a big history in skiing and even speed skating, &lt;a href=&quot;http://graphics.latimes.com/winter-olympics/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one that puts them atop the historic worldwide medal count for the winter Olympics&lt;/a&gt; (despite no hockey medals).  Additionally, there is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_Norway&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;large interest in soccer&lt;/a&gt; in Norway, which may be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attendance_figures_at_domestic_professional_sports_leagues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;well shared by Sweden, but not as much so in Finland&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T16:57:36.833" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T16:57:36.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18397" CreationDate="2018-05-15T11:13:12.467" Score="1" ViewCount="4786" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a fielder standing in the gully position moves to cover point (as bowler starts his run up) before the batsman plays the ball what action will the umpire want to take?  Often a fielder will move forward or backward, but in this situation the fielder standing in gully moved to cover point before the batsman faced the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He checked the ground fielding positions before facing and at that time the fielder was in the gully position, then suddenly he was at cover point and took a catch. What is the reply by the umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15324" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-16T16:10:39.163" LastActivityDate="2020-12-12T17:26:59.443" Title="Is a fielder allowed to change position during the bowler's run up?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18396" CreationDate="2018-05-15T11:57:38.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a dead ball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-20-dead-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20.5&lt;/a&gt; makes it clear when the ball is in play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball ceases to be dead – that is, it comes into play – when the bowler starts his/her run-up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-28-the-fielder/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 28.6&lt;/a&gt; defines the allowable movement by fielders once the ball is in play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.6.1 Any movement by any fielder, excluding the wicket-keeper, after the ball comes into play and before the ball reaches the striker, is unfair except for the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ some exceptions which don't apply here ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ ... ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.6.3 In the event of such unfair movement, either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the movement was a deliberate attempt to distract the striker, it would be covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-41-unfair-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 41.4&lt;/a&gt; and result in penalty runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T11:57:38.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-15T12:01:17.890" Score="4" ViewCount="1047" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I have observed my Cue action is better with a heavier stick but I kind of feel good with a relatively lighter one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the average weight of a professional's Cue stick as I'm in early stages of the game and want to go with one type.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15320" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T12:17:27.073" LastActivityDate="2019-10-19T23:00:45.680" Title="What's the average weight of a professional's Cue stick?" Tags="|equipment|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18409" CreationDate="2018-05-15T21:39:01.347" Score="2" ViewCount="6931" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any athlete, whether child, amateur, or professional, chooses a number and tends to wear it for sentimental reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know why Jackie Robinson had chosen number 42?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-05-17T02:46:37.337" LastActivityDate="2020-08-29T03:10:11.983" Title="Why had Jackie Robinson chosen number 42?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18401" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-15T23:44:20.470" Score="7" ViewCount="14449" Body="&lt;p&gt;The offside rule is between the last two players, which is usually the goalkeeper and a defender, so people just think that being in front of the last field player is not offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in this case, the goalkeeper has gone out, so the defender in the middle of the goal is furthest back, and the next defender circled in red marks the offside line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would seem to indicate the attacking player in the near side of the field to the camera is in an offside position. Is that correct, and why or why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0WCbg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;a screen capture of a match between Chelsea and Bournemouth while BOU are attacking, a CHE defender is circled red and an offside line is marked through them&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15328" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T06:51:03.443" LastActivityDate="2020-09-05T13:10:06.557" Title="Is it offside if a striker receives the ball behind all defenders and goalkeeper of the opponent?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18401" CreationDate="2018-05-16T06:56:22.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct in your reading of the laws. The offside line is at the second-to-last defender without regard to whether one of them is a goalkeeper or not. The player circled red is also where the offside line should be marked and judged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment of the screen capture, the attacking player on the far side by the goalpost is clearly in an offside position. If they play the ball or influence play, they also commit an offside offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is unclear how close the attacking player on the near side, very close to the line, would be to an offside position. This is due to a combination of perspective and graphical inaccuracy and still capture eliminating knowledge of movement. Only someone flat with the circled defender would have sufficient perspective to make this decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me personally, they appear to be not offside at this exact moment, but they may have moved enough to be made offside prior to the screen capture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-19T07:29:14.557" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T07:29:14.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18335" CreationDate="2018-05-16T06:58:27.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 1 - Direct Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;holds an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct/chapters/indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 2 - Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... A player may shield the ball by taking a position between an opponent and the ball if the ball is within playing distance and the opponent is not held off with the arms or body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(while the above section is in the indirect free kick Laws section, it is there to explain the difference between impeding i.e. shielding the ball when it is not in playing distance of either player and holding, which as seen above, is a direct free kick offence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Applying this to your scenario, you did not grab the opponent, but you did use you arm to hold off the opponent from getting to the ball. Based on this, the referee correctly awarded a direct free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T06:58:27.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18263" CreationDate="2018-05-17T00:44:03.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply, because it makes NBA games more fun to watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are times during a basketball game when the arena DJ feels that the crowd is zoning out or is getting bored because the style of play has slowed, so they decide to try and bring back the energy in the fans. Other times, right before clutch possessions, the DJ wants to get the fans loud and the players on the floor hype.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other times, music is used to go with what's happening on the court. For example in Toronto, when a nice assist is made, Drake's voice is heard on the speakers singing &quot;I was running through the six with my...&quot; and the crowd finishes with &quot;woes.&quot; Just another example of how music is used to enhance the fan experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer if this distracts the players, I wouldn't say so. Players have become so used to playing in arenas in front of thousands of screaming fans since college that it's easy for them to block out the surrounding noise, especially when they're so focused on the task of scoring the ball. In addition, it's against the rules to play music when referees are assessing a call or during free throws, so the game isn't affected that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In regards to the other sports, music isn't played during periods at hockey games because the action is already intense enough: there's no need to engage the fans when they're already at the edge of their seats. In baseball it's the opposite; the whole point of the fan experience is to relax, drink a beer and watch a lot of balls being thrown but few being hit. No need to wake the sleeping fans up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9434" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T23:33:51.910" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T23:33:51.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18418" CreationDate="2018-05-17T01:04:25.757" Score="2" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Friday, May 11th, the Toronto Raptors fired their head coach of seven years, Dwane Casey after getting swept in the second round of the playoffs by the Cleveland Cavaliers. The decision came following the announcement that Casey had unofficially won the Coach of the Year award after having turned the Raptors franchise around; from a team that wasn't making the playoffs year after year to winning a franchise record 59 games this season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why did the Raptors fire Casey after he helped build the franchise to the successful club it is today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I know there is a question similar to this one &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18367/nba-coach-of-the-year-getting-fired&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; but I would like to know why specifically Casey got fired, not other coaches of the year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9434" LastEditorUserId="9434" LastEditDate="2018-05-17T12:32:44.593" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T01:52:23.777" Title="Why did NBA coach of the year Dwane Casey get fired?" Tags="|basketball|nba|awards|coaching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18400" CreationDate="2018-05-17T02:45:54.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Benjamin Hoffman explained for the New York Times baseball blog, &lt;a href=&quot;https://bats.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/15/42-just-one-of-robinsons-numbers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;42 is just one of Robinson's numbers&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;42 represents just his time with the Brooklyn Dodgers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing football while at U.C.L.A., Robinson wore 28, but for the Bruins basketball team he switched to 18. In his time in the Negro Leagues he played for the Kansas City Monarchs and may have had as many as three different numbers, with various accounts having him wearing 5, 8 and 23. And while there seems to be some debate about his number while playing for the Montreal Royals, the Dodgers Class-AAA affiliate in 1946, a video about his time with the team produced by the CBC clearly shows him wearing 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, he wore many numbers over his sports career.  As far as I have been able to tell, he had never worn number 42 before he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers, and the number was probably just assigned to him by the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T02:45:54.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18415" CreationDate="2018-05-17T08:33:07.743" Score="3" ViewCount="5332" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent friendly game, I successfully snookered my opponent between the rail and one of my balls. To achieve this, I played the cue ball off a single rail and ended up touching my own ball before the cue ball stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My opponent claimed a foul, since &quot;only the cue ball touched a rail, and not the object ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming from a snooker background, I find the rules of 8-ball safety play somewhat confusing. I read the official 8-ball rule guide, however I did not see an explicit rule that corresponds to my situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what constitutes a legal &quot;safety shot&quot; in 8-ball pool? Can I only snooker my opponent when both cue ball and object ball touch the rail? Is there an order in which this must happen (i.e., does the cue ball have to touche the rail first, or last)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15338" LastActivityDate="2023-03-23T19:09:55.157" Title="What constitutes a legal safety shot in 8-ball pool?" Tags="|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15418" CreationDate="2018-05-17T08:59:16.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My experience disagrees with @timseal's answer, for two reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Control&lt;/strong&gt;: cue sports are all about cue ball control, and I feel that the snooker cue gives me &lt;em&gt;far more control&lt;/em&gt; over its movement and in consequence of the table. This is perhaps because I come from a snooker background and am more &quot;used to&quot; micromanaging the &lt;em&gt;exact&lt;/em&gt; spot on the cue ball that I want to strike. The much larger pool cue tip feels to me like a behemoth compared to the snooker tip.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deep screw&lt;/strong&gt;: don't get me wrong, many pool players are able to perform a deep screw with a usual pool cue. However, I find that this requires &lt;em&gt;far more effort&lt;/em&gt; with a large tip than with a snooker cue since you can keep the shaft much closer to the table while maintaining a parallel position. I was able to pull off close to jaw-dropping deep screws on a full-sized pool table that would have required a lot more effort with a pool cue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Laser view&lt;/strong&gt;: one habit I developed playing snooker is the refined view you get when you align your shaft with the potting line. This creates a sort of &quot;laser view&quot; that you don't get with a huge pool cue as it does not allow to refine your line of aim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, note that these are only my points of view and others might of course find that a pool cue is more adapted to the game and should be used as such. Experience should be your guide and the general rule of &quot;whatever feels best for you&quot; should be applied here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I would like to note that Jimmy White famously refused to play pool with a pool cue, and always bought his snooker cue to pool tournaments. Think of this what you will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15338" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T08:59:16.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18408" CreationDate="2018-05-17T17:07:07.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite simply, Dwane Casey could not advance past the Cavs in the playoffs. Most franchises get impatient when the next step in the process to achieve a certain goal, in this case, a finals appearance by the Raptors, is not achieved. Casey engineered back-to-back great regular seasons but they got swept by Lebron James and the Cavs in back-to-back years in the Eastern Conference semifinals not to mention also losing to them in the Eastern Conference finals in 2016. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2016-nba-eastern-conference-finals-raptors-vs-cavaliers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Eastern Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2017-nba-eastern-conference-semifinals-raptors-vs-cavaliers.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Eastern Conference Semis&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2018-nba-eastern-conference-semifinals-cavaliers-vs-raptors.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Eastern Conference Semis&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/23471720/toronto-raptors-fire-head-coach-dwane-casey-7-seasons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s an article from ESPN concerning his firing with comments from the team president.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-18T01:52:23.777" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T01:52:23.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18411" CreationDate="2018-05-17T17:29:33.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you go by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/wrules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.epa.org.uk/wrules.php&lt;/a&gt; I think that your shot was a foul according to rule 1 b in section G on Legal Shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;On all shots, the player must:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a. Cause the Cue Ball's initial contact with a ball to be with a ball &quot;On&quot;, AND THEN    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;b. Pot a ball&#xA;  &quot;On&quot;  OR; Cause the Cue Ball or any Object Ball to contact a cushion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the order is important. The cue ball must come into contact with one of your balls before you can count balls touching rails for the purposes of shot legality.&#xA;If you had touched one of your balls with the cue ball before hitting the rail and then snookering your opponent, it would have been a legal shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15341" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-05-17T18:57:09.803" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T18:57:09.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16031" CreationDate="2018-05-17T23:07:13.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nadal holds multiple records that involve the Monte-Carlo Masters :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11&lt;/strong&gt; titles, most titles at any tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; consecutive titles at any single tournament, 2005 - 2012&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;46&lt;/strong&gt; match win streak at any single tournament, 2005 to 2013 final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt; finals, most finals at any tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Won a Masters at both singles and doubles, 2008 (record shared with Jim Courier)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T23:07:13.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17676" CreationDate="2018-05-17T23:25:50.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only players required to play specific tournaments are &lt;strong&gt;commitment&lt;/strong&gt; players.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;These are the Top 30 players as they enter the ATP Finals of the previous year.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A 2018 ATP commitment player is any player positioned in the Top 30 in the ATP 2017 Rankings as of November 6, 2017.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The commitment for the commitment player is, the singles event of all :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ATP World Tour Masters (except Monte-Carlo, see note) 1000 tournaments for which he is accepted&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ATP Finals (if qualified as a direct acceptance or designated as the alternate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, 1 of which must be held following the US Open.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: &lt;em&gt;For commitment and ranking purposes, the Monte Carlo Masters 1000 will be included in the minimum requirements for the 500 category.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, a commitment player is required to play 8 + 1 + 4 = 13 tournaments next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T23:25:50.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18408" CreationDate="2018-05-17T23:58:39.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think that it's entirely accurate to say that Casey built the club to the current success that it is, because quite frankly, I don't understand how he's been the coach for as long as he has. Historically, his player rotations have been somewhat strange, as has his justification. And as @jcmcclorey mentioned, he didn't advance in the playoffs. The simple reason is that you have to win in the playoffs, and Casey has a 21-30 record (19-22 as the higher seed) in the playoffs with Toronto. I'll give a possible explanation as to why that is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, I would refer to the 2015 series against Washington (after which, I think he should have been let go), and then talk about this most recent playoff run. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.raptorshq.com/2015/4/27/8503819/just-hold-on-were-going-home-raptors-exit-interviews-tweet-round-up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, you can see that Casey was making some very strange comments in light of how he had managed that series and also season. In particular, he calls James Johnson the most talented player on their roster, while only playing him 12 minutes over the entire series, where they struggled defensively (and also offensively). When we look to this past playoffs, we again see some personel decisions that are bizarre, generally as it pertains to Valanciunas. Some of the reason for that is his general tendency to plays the game on the opponent's terms, as opposed to forcing them to play on Toronto's terms. With Valanciunas, it typically leads to benching him, where he provides Toronto with an offensive advantage. Jumping around a bit, we also see this trend last year with respect to Casey's willingness to play Valanciunas vs Ibaka or PJ Tucker. One issue with the team over his tenure (that, to his credit did get fixed this year) was the lack of ball movement in the offense, and this can be seen in the falling assist rate over the course of his time in Toronto prior to this year. This is notable, because assist rates are fairly indicative of playoff success; whereas, Toronto has been very dependent upon free throw shooting over the last few years, which is actually not indicative of playoff success (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.raptorsrepublic.com/2017/01/11/revisiting-toronto-raptors-compare-recent-finalists/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see here&lt;/a&gt;). Now, as I had mentioned, they did fix some of these problems throughout the regular season (also, you'd note that in the last article, they were 30th in DREB% last year, but only 12th this year), but seemed to revert to more of their isolation-focused basketball from years past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: One other issue with Casey has been his tendency to not hold the star players accountable. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thestar.com/sports/raptors/2016/04/20/derozan-dilemma-turning-point-for-raptors-feschuk.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; comes from 2 years ago where they went to the ECF in 2016. The article talks about DeRozan's struggles in the first 2 games of their opening round series against Indiana, where Indiana focused on taking DeRozan out of the offence and forcing the other Raptors to beat them. What's notable is the contrasting suggestions from Casey and Lowry on what DeRozan should do in Game 3. Casey said he should be a facilitator, while Lowry said he should keep shooting. The author also notes the advantage they had with Valanciunas against Ian Manhinmi. Clearly, DeRozan listened to the &quot;the little devil yammering in his other ear&quot;, going 7-19 in 36+ minutes in Game 3. Just as importantly, this shows a severe disconnect between the coach and the star players. I do also remember there being some whispers about a locker room schism in the 2014-15 season (the one that ended with the sweep to Washington) where you had a DeRozan-Lowry-Lou Williams faction against a Valanciunas-Amir Johnson-James Johnson group, with the latter being very dissatisfied that the former could do whatever they liked without repercussion, but Valanciunas would constantly be benched. Now, I can't find any sources for this, but I do recall seeing some articles about this in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="12082" LastEditDate="2018-05-18T00:52:59.827" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T00:52:59.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-20T22:29:27.757" Score="5" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Las Vegas Golden Knights&lt;/a&gt; have reached the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup finals&lt;/a&gt; in the 2017 - 2018 season after beating Winnipeg Jets in the western conference finals. This has been a big surprise as the Knights joined the NHL on the same season and most &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;expansion teams&lt;/a&gt; don't even qualify for playoffs on their first year. But the Knights have a chance to be the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in their first year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been any other North American major league teams that made it all the way to the cup finals on their first year? If so list the team, league, year, and the outcome of the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:43:26.730" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:43:26.730" Title="North American expansion team reaching Championship final in inaugural year" Tags="|trivia|postseason|major-leagues|championship|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18424" CreationDate="2018-05-20T22:49:09.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Stallions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baltimore Stallions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1994 the Baltimore Stallions made it to the Grey Cup finals, in their inaugural year, making them the most successful American team in CFL history. Despite not winning the 1994 Grey cup, they &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cfhof.ca/grey-cup-winners/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost&lt;/a&gt; by 3 points to the BC Lions, they went on to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cfhof.ca/grey-cup-winners/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;win&lt;/a&gt; the Grey cup in 1995 against  Calgary Stampeders&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Soccer_Club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Fire Soccer Club:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1998 the Chicago Fire Soccer Club began as one of the Major League Soccer's (MLS) first expansion teams. That year, they won both the MLS Cup as well as the U.S Open cup, achieving a double, where a soccer team has won a country's top tier division and its primary cup competition in the same season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Minneapolis_Lakers_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Minneapolis Lakers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1947-48 season was Minneapolis Lakers inaugural season in the NBA and they won the National Basketball League championship in a 3-1 series final against the Rochester Royals. The Lakers went on to win their division and championship the following 1948-49 season as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2019-04-16T12:38:34.060" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T12:38:34.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17836" CreationDate="2018-05-21T01:39:14.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key thing poles are used for in downhill is the launch through the gate. But poles also provide balance, and help them keep or get out of trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13155" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T01:39:14.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18442" CreationDate="2018-05-21T01:59:25.937" Score="6" ViewCount="1395" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2017 - 2018 NBA conference finals have had several blowouts where by the start of the 4th quarter one team is clearly going to win, yet stars are playing many of these garbage minutes. For example, the Warriors are winning by 25, 8 minutes left, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201805200GSW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3rd game of the Western Conference finals&lt;/a&gt;. However; Curry, Thompson, Harden, etc. were all playing. Same for LeBron James in some losses against Boston. They eventually go to the bench, but much later than I would expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not bench them earlier? In the playoffs you want your stars rested and not stat-padding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15286" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-16T21:21:44.820" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:10:50.453" Title="Why do NBA stars keep playing in playoff blowouts?" Tags="|basketball|nba|strategy|postseason|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18428" CreationDate="2018-05-21T02:53:00.207" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it is mentioned in the question, the stars are pulled out with a few minutes left in the game. How early they are pulled depends on the point differential, the coach, and the team's momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA teams often go on runs where they outscore the other team by a wide margin in just a few minutes. It is not uncommon to see a team outscore their opponents by 20 points in as short as a time span as 6 minutes. So even if a team is down like the Rockets were against the Warriors in the game you mentioned at the beginning of the fourth quarter, they'd still have a chance to win, but it's a slim chance. So for that reason the coaches keep their star players in as long as they feel like they can go on a run and have a chance to win. Or on the other hand if they're up, they'll rest the starters if they know they can win with the bench players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The momentum of the game also matters. You'll see the star players get pulled out earlier if the point differential is getting larger in the 4th quarter. This is because the team that's down needs to slow down the leading team and start dominating which is harder than if they were already cutting down the point differential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:10:50.453" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:10:50.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18430" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18432" CreationDate="2018-05-21T07:54:06.990" Score="7" ViewCount="999" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am about to buy a new football, to play on grass with my children. They are not very advanced, but we play regularly and my older child is nearly 150cm tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I decide which size to get for them, such as between a size 4 and size 5?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15355" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T10:33:59.440" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T13:36:27.080" Title="How do I pick the right football size for my children?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18430" CreationDate="2018-05-21T09:31:35.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure how is it with height, but in my country kids 6-10 age play with size 3, 10-14 age play with size 4 and 14+ play with size 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9758" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T09:31:35.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18430" CreationDate="2018-05-21T10:21:25.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA provides &lt;em&gt;Youth Football Specification Recommendations&lt;/em&gt; that are based on research for youth academy football conducted in Europe, Mexico and Japan. This document can be downloaded &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/media/1319/fifa-youth-football-specification-recommendations-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (note, PDF).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The size and weight recommendations are based on age, progressing from size 3/4L at under-9s to size 4/5L at under-13s, and size 5 for all over-13s age groups (L denoting &quot;lightweight&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The apparent intent of the progression is allowing young players to have a size and weight suitable for their physical ability to control the ball or propel it a reasonable distance, with weight gradation providing opportunity to develop coordination by making the ball bigger but not heavier, then increasing the weight to adjust for increased power, until attaining &quot;full size&quot; ball capability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following a similar progression is likely to provide the best development, and is found on page 2 of the document linked above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T10:27:24.257" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T10:27:24.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9212" CreationDate="2018-05-21T11:58:39.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following list contains the youngest Challenger winners since 1991 including one colum denoting how many main draw tries (i.e. qualifications are not counted if the player did not qualify for the main draw) the player needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Winner                  Age     Try Year    Tournament&#xA;Richard Gasquet         16.04   1   2002    Montauban CH&#xA;Bernard Tomic           16.34   3   2009    Melbourne CH&#xA;Rafael Nadal            16.8    9   2003    Barletta CH&#xA;Felix Auger Aliassime   16.84   10  2017    Lyon CH&#xA;Novak Djokovic          16.99   2   2004    Budapest CH&#xA;Juan Martin Del Potro   17.1    9   2005    Montevideo CH&#xA;Alexander Zverev        17.17   7   2014    Braunschweig CH&#xA;Jimmy Wang              17.26   7   2002    Fergana CH&#xA;Nicola Kuhn             17.31   2   2017    Braunschweig CH&#xA;Rudolf Molleker*        17.58   3   2018    Heilbronn CH&#xA;Casper Ruud             17.69   1   2016    Seville CH&#xA;Evgeny Korolev          17.71   14  2005    Aachen CH&#xA;Tomas Berdych           17.82   9   2003    Budaors CH&#xA;Nick Kyrgios            17.83   2   2013    Sydney1 CH&#xA;Borna Coric             17.83   8   2014    Izmir CH&#xA;Mario Ancic             17.85   13  2002    Belgrade CH&#xA;Denis Shapovalov        17.89   9   2017    Drummondville CH&#xA;Nicolas Almagro         17.89   2   2003    Olbia CH&#xA;Mikhail Youzhny         17.89   7   2000    Samarkand CH&#xA;Taylor Harry Fritz      17.94   2   2015    Sacramento CH&#xA;Donald Young            17.98   15  2007    Aptos CH&#xA;&#xA;* added manually&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fantastic dataset by Jeff Sackmann is used (available &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). Last Update of this list: 21.05.2018&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T11:58:39.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18430" CreationDate="2018-05-21T13:20:19.177" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ussoccer.com/coaching-education/resources/us-soccer-player-development-initiatives&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Soccer&lt;/a&gt; has a handy chart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cdn-us-ec.yottaa.net/5682eca20b534438800014b5/www.ussoccer.com/v~22.39/~/media/files/coaches/player-dev-initiatives/2017-pdi-ssg-chart.png?la=en&amp;amp;yocs=6_b_&amp;amp;yoloc=us&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above the ages in this chart, use size 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15357" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T13:20:19.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18437" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-21T16:07:07.117" Score="1" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;When men and women are both playing forward tee box and using handicap strokes do you use the one below it which says (women’s) difficulty on the card for both men and women, since that is the actual handicapping for those holes at that tee box. Or do the men still us the men’s handicapping which are on the other tee boxes (blue, white gold).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15360" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T16:12:11.237" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T22:02:50.443" Title="Forward tees for men/women" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18438" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18441" CreationDate="2018-05-21T21:35:56.303" Score="3" ViewCount="8903" Body="&lt;p&gt;Look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/y_AjX1pZj_E?t=6m42s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; at 6:42. NBA rules today state that this is not legal. Is this legal under NFHS/NCAA rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He tosses the ball behind his back with his right hand and then continues his dribble with his left hand. At no point does he ever touch the ball with both hands simultaneously. Let's assume he doesn't carry (go under) the ball with his right hand on that behind-the-back toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt from the 2017-2018 NCAA rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Art. 4. The dribble ends when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. The dribbler catches or carries/palms the ball by allowing it to come to rest in one or both hands;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. The dribbler touches the ball with both hands simultaneously;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. An opponent bats the ball; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. The ball becomes dead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't look like the rules prohibit this type of move when done well, yet people often say that it's illegal. Are there other rules or interpretations that I'm missing? Please provide any official sources you use in your answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15361" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T19:29:03.793" Title="Can you ever touch the ball with two hands between bounces while dribbling?" Tags="|rules|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18438" CreationDate="2018-05-22T06:48:20.957" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt; have more than those four paragraphs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section II—Dribble&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A dribble is movement of the ball, caused by a player in control, who&#xA;  throws or taps the ball to the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. The dribble ends when the dribbler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Touches the ball simultaneously with both hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Permits the ball to come to rest while he is in control of it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Tries for a field goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Throws a pass&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Touches the ball more than once while dribbling, before it touches the floor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Loses control&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Allows the ball to become dead&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player violated the 5th paragraph by touching the ball two times before it touched the floor again. Since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ncaambb.arbitersports.com/Groups/104883/Library/files/BR15.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA rules&lt;/a&gt; don't mention this it is perfectly legal there (assuming the ball doesn't rest on his palm as you've stated).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T06:48:20.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18428" CreationDate="2018-05-22T09:24:02.987" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_basketball_comebacks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia lists quite a few&lt;/a&gt; comebacks from deficits of 25+ points in the 3rd or even early 4th quarter.  The odds are certainly small that a team would turn it around, but even a glimmer of hope to win an extra game in a series seems monumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, by pulling your starters you encourage the opponents to do so as well.  By keeping your stars playing, you also motivate the opponents to do so as well.  Otherwise they may give up a mismatch that might be exploited to make up ground.  So therefore it seems there'd generally be no actual gain from resting players earlier, as opponents would generally gain just as much rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams may well wait longer than is reasonable.  But often effort wanes long before.  Some players might well be accused of resting/taking it a bit easy... even if they're still technically in the game in such situations!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3257" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T05:25:24.877" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T05:25:24.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18424" CreationDate="2018-05-23T23:10:01.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 1967-68 season, the NHL expanded from 6 to 12 teams. All the new teams were grouped in the West Division. The division champions were the Montreal Canadiens (original 6) and the St. Louis Blues (expansion team). The Canadiens won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Stanley_Cup_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup Finals 4-0&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1973-4 Flyers were the first of the expansion teams to win the Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4913" LastEditorUserId="4913" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T13:46:36.853" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T13:46:36.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18424" CreationDate="2018-05-24T06:10:15.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1949 The AAFC(All-American Football Conference) closed it's doors or went bankrupt and the NFL invited the Browns, and 2 others, into their league in 1950. In the Browns first Season they went 10-2 and beat the LA Rams(on a last minute field goal) 30-28 to win their first of four National Football League championships. While not truly an &quot;expansion&quot; team it was their first year in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1950/index.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14831" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T16:41:13.053" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T16:41:13.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18437" CreationDate="2018-05-24T19:42:43.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use the actual handicap on the card for that hole. You do not use different handicaps for men and women on the same tee on the same hole. The handicap for each hole is for that hole, and not for the gender of the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15371" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T23:11:37.213" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T23:11:37.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18453" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-05-26T06:03:52.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Match-fixing is an unsportsmanlike and sometimes illegal activity in which the participants of a sport attempt to cause specific outcomes that are predetermined, when these outcomes may be either unnatural or against the usual interests of the participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It often occurs as the result of bribery (and then often by gambling-associated parties) to players or officials in order to profit from betting on a match, but other match-fixing incidents have involved threats to the relatives of participants, governing bodies wishing to create results that are more popular and marketable, or teams working a competition structure to provide their associates or themselves with improved odds of proceeding through the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match-fixing may involve&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;deliberately making a specific error at a given time, such as a no ball in cricket&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;deliberately allowing the opponent to score, or deliberately not scoring in favour of one's own team&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;making less effort than is expected and possible to hamper one's team or individual performance, &quot;holding back&quot; while playing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;making official decisions that are suboptimal for a given standard or even incorrect under the rules to (dis)advantage one side compared with another.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;using technical, non-playing issues to reduce or bolster a team's effectiveness&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T13:47:10.183" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T13:47:10.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18454" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-05-26T06:03:52.543" Score="0" Body="For questions about match-fixing, where sport participants attempt to cause predetermined results that may not arise naturally in order to gain non-sporting benefits." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T13:46:58.863" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T13:46:58.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18455" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-05-26T06:14:59.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the rules and regulations of a sport, sometimes known in the parlance of that sport as &quot;laws&quot; should be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/rules&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;rules&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; or its synonym &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/laws&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;laws&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;laws&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions about legal issues where sports and sporting involvement are immaterial or coincidental, and could be replaced by any other industry or activity without changing the answer, are off-topic, and should instead be asked at Law Stack Exchange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to the widespread popularity of many sports and the potential for harm, either as a direct result of participation or indirectly through social and political and financial aspects, many governments place legal limitations and obligations on sporting bodies or sport events that occur within their jurisdiction. They may regulate any and all aspects of sports, including who can be involved and where they can take place, or forbid certain (parts of) sports entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T12:42:09.867" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T12:42:09.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18456" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-05-26T06:14:59.340" Score="0" Body="For questions about the relationship between juridical law and sporting activities." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T13:47:14.287" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T13:47:14.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18457" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-26T07:26:11.043" Score="2" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a list of all 7 game playoff series in the NBA history where the home team won every game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-2018&lt;/a&gt; First Round: Boston Celtics vs Milwaukee Bucks (4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017&lt;/a&gt; Conference Semifinals: Boston Celtics vs Washington Wizards (4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15376" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T20:02:41.113" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T16:16:01.847" Title="NBA 7 game playoff series where every game was won by the home team?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18459" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-26T09:57:55.253" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Olympics marathon race, are men allowed to run by wearing only underwear, or underwear can only be worn by women while racing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15378" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T15:33:53.413" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T15:33:53.413" Title="Are men allowed to compete in underwear or only shorts in Olympics marathon?" Tags="|rules|olympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-10-26T12:28:40.297" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-26T10:25:46.423" Score="4" ViewCount="2025" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic rule of whether a shuttle is considered ‘in’ or ‘out’ in badminton is whether it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;lands outside the boundaries of the court &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. not on or within the boundary lines (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, §13.3.1). That rule doesn’t seem to have been clarified in any more detail anywhere that I can find, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few times now, I have seen cases in professional matches where the instant replay in slow-motion seem to show the shuttle landing very horizontally, with the cork base of the shuttle landing just &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the line, but the feathers landing simultaneously (or at least so simultaneously that it was impossible to tell, even in slow-motion, which part landed first) &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt; the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I seem to recall some of these having been called in and some out, but I don’t recall any Hawk-Eye-enabled challenged being taken to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hawk-Eye systems show the shuttle as a single circular shape at the point of impact, which might imply that the base of the shuttle is the part that actually counts; but then again, it’s just a simplified CGI animation and not necessarily intended to encode any such deeper meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in a case like this, where the base lands outside the land but the feathers simultaneously land on the line, should the shuttle be considered in or out? Has this been clarified in any official capacity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T05:20:27.430" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T05:20:27.430" Title="In badminton, which part of the shuttle determines ‘in’ or ‘out’?" Tags="|rules|badminton|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18462" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-05-26T16:05:55.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the usage of video evidence in sports. Different sports use different terms for the same concept, all of the following tags are redirected to this tag (See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/884/synonyms-for-video-review-tag&quot;&gt;Synonyms for video-review tag&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/instant-replay&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;instant-replay&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;instant-replay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/hawk-eye&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;hawk-eye&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;hawk-eye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/third-umpire&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;third-umpire&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;third-umpire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/var&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;var&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;var&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question must also be tagged for the specific sport mentioned in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T22:08:14.757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T22:08:14.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18463" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-05-26T16:05:55.240" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding using video review in sports and technologies that enable officials to do so (e.g. Hawk-eye)." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T22:09:20.930" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T22:09:20.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18460" CreationDate="2018-05-26T21:13:38.790" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While §13.3.1 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/SECTION%204.1-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%2005012018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt; uses the word &lt;em&gt;lands&lt;/em&gt;, §15.2 is much more precise (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A shuttle is not in play when (...) it &lt;strong&gt;hits&lt;/strong&gt; the surface of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the first contact of any part of the shuttle with the floor is the one that counts. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.badmintoncentral.com/forums/index.php?threads/in-or-out.175491/page-4#post-2621938&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is a forum post from somebody who contacted the Badminton World Federation (BWF)&lt;/a&gt;, which confirmed as much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mention, HawkEye's video presentation (which shows a large circle) is for the entertainment of the spectators - they probably show a circle instead of the very small point of contact because the latter would not be visible. In the first years of HawkEye's use it was not even automated;  the circle was positioned by a HawkEye employee, whereas an umpire (on so-called &lt;em&gt;IRS duty&lt;/em&gt;) decided whether the shuttle was in or out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T21:13:38.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18457" CreationDate="2018-05-27T11:54:52.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1955 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955_NBA_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Syracuse Nationals vs Fort Wayne Pistons (4-3) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1965 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Division Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Celtics vs Philadelphia 76ers (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1971 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;:  Los Angeles Lakers vs. Chicago Bulls (4-3) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1973 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;: Los Angeles Lakers vs. Chicago Bulls (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1977 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;: Los Angeles Lakers vs. Golden State Warriors (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1984 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Celtics vs. New York Knicks (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1990 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;: San Antonio Spurs vs. Portland Trail Blazers (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1990 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Detroit Pistons vs. Chicago Bulls (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1993 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference SemiFinals&lt;/a&gt;:  Houston Rockets vs. Seattle SuperSonics&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1994 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference SemiFinals&lt;/a&gt;: New York Knicks vs. Chicago Bulls (4-3)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1995 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;:  Orlando Magic vs. Indiana Pacers (4-3) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1998 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Chicago Bulls vs. Indiana Pacers (4-3) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2004 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First Round&lt;/a&gt;: Miami Heat vs. New Orleans Hornets (4-3) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2008 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First Round&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Celtics vs.  Atlanta Hawks (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2008 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_NBA_Playoffs#(1)_Boston_Celtics_vs._(4)_Cleveland_Cavaliers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conference Semifinals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Celtics vs. Cleveland Cavaliers (4-3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T16:16:01.847" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T16:16:01.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2018-05-27T11:58:27.757" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Coupe Gambardella&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;U19 Men's French cup&lt;/em&gt;); [round of 64 and round of 32]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time: Douai SC-Amiens SC: 0-0 to &lt;strong&gt;0-12&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe_Gambardella_1998-1999&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Coupe Gambardella 1998-99&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time: Besançon RC-Olympique Lyon: 0-0 to &lt;strong&gt;0-10&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe_Gambardella_1996-1997&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Coupe Gambardella 1996-97&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Coupe des Dames 2017-18&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Luxembourg Women's cup&lt;/em&gt;) [round of 32]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time: Union Mertert Wasserbillig-Aspelt Remich Bous Entente: 1-1 to &lt;strong&gt;7-6&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://int.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/11/luxembourg/cup-women/union-mertert-wasserbillig/entente-aspelt/2593467/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soccerway&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;UEFA Women's Champions League 2017-18&lt;/strong&gt; [Final]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time: VFL Wolfsburg-Olympique Lyon: 0-0 to &lt;strong&gt;1-4&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2018/matches/round=2000912/match=2023928/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also saw a match with 7 goals in overtime in the Coupe de France (French Cup) in &lt;em&gt;round of 512&lt;/em&gt; but I can not find the match in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15384" LastActivityDate="2018-05-27T11:58:27.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18534" CreationDate="2018-05-27T13:22:06.627" Score="1" ViewCount="945" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are there sometimes folds on the top of a surfboard and where do they come  from? Do they mean the board is in bad shape (or more exactly, is the board less usable or less effective)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Nikw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Nikw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15386" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T10:42:36.837" Title="Where do folds come from on a surfboard and are they bad?" Tags="|surfing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-06-11T13:26:51.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18468" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-27T17:48:07.293" Score="3" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA World Cup Songs date back to the 1980s, with for example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2010 &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/pRpeEdMmmQ0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)&lt;/a&gt; by Shakira was the 2010 Official FIFA World Cup song. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2014 &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/TGtWWb9emYI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;We Are One (Ole Ola)&lt;/a&gt; by Pitbull was the 2014 Official FIFA World Cup song. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now, 2018 &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/kFMZUxX6K6o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Live It Up&lt;/a&gt; by Nicky Jam is the 2018 Official FIFA World Cup song.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MY QUESTION&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any other major sporting events, on the &lt;strong&gt;International Level&lt;/strong&gt;, that dedicates a different song to their event each iteration, as the FIFA World Cup has a different song as their &lt;em&gt;official FIFA World Cup song&lt;/em&gt; each year? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, detail what the sporting event is, the title of the song, and the song's year/season of significance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T04:45:30.343" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T21:25:16.603" Title="Specific songs for sporting events" Tags="|trivia|international-sports|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-27T20:07:49.167" Score="3" ViewCount="2880" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played soccer last saturday for the first time in a loooong time. We played for two hours. The day after, I couldn't walk because of my legs .... but my feet were fine. I played in regular sneakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This saturday we played again, and I had bought some soccer cleats for the first time in my life. I felt they were maybe slightly thight, but not overly much, and I was told that's how they are supposed to feel anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I have blisters on both feet, and I got them after already an hour of playing today. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this an indication of bad cleats/size and I should get new ones, or is this just how it is the first time you wear cleats and my feet just need time to get used to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15388" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T13:32:40.527" Title="Are blisters first time wearing soccer cleats normal, or does it mean bad shoes?" Tags="|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18472" CreationDate="2018-05-28T01:31:26.400" Score="2" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2017 - 2018 playoffs, both the Eastern and the Western Conference finals have made it to game 7. The Cleveland Cavaliers and Boston Celtics are playing in the eastern conference, meanwhile the Houston Rockets and Golden State Warriors are playing in the west. This is the first time since 1970s that his has happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times in the NBA history both conference final series have made it to game 7? Please list the 4 teams playing in the conference final series and the 2 that made it to the finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-05-29T06:14:16.723" Title="How many times both conference finals series made it to game 7 in NBA history?" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18471" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18473" CreationDate="2018-05-28T03:05:59.703" Score="3" ViewCount="6700" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Cleveland Cavaliers have reached the 2017 - 2018 NBA finals. This is LeBron James' 8th consecutive trip to the finals, from 2011 to 2014 with the Miami Heats, and 2015 to 2018 with the Cleveland Cavaliers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most consecutive NBA finals appearances for a single player? I remember when LeBron made it to the finals in 2017 he tied a number of Celtics players from the 70s or 80s who had made it to the finals 7 years in a row. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T04:37:51.070" Title="Most consecutive NBA finals appearances by a player" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18470" CreationDate="2018-05-28T03:30:03.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems, according to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_game_sevens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of NBA game sevens&lt;/a&gt;, that the only other time (besides the 2018 playoffs) both conference finals made it to game 7 was in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_NBA_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;, where the Seattle SuperSonics beat the Phoenix Suns in the game 7 of Western Conference finals while the Washington Bullets beat the San Antonio Spurs in game 7 of the Eastern Conference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T06:14:16.723" LastActivityDate="2018-05-29T06:14:16.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18471" CreationDate="2018-05-28T04:01:15.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10 Consecutive NBA Appearances - Bill Russell&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Russell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Russell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; holds the record for the most consecutive NBA final appearances, at 10! From first joining the Boston Celtics in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nba/player/_/id/4152/bill-russell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1956&lt;/a&gt;, Bill made it to the NBA finals from 1956 to 1966. After winning his first &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA championship&lt;/a&gt; in 1957, Bill Russell went on to win the NBA championship 8 years in a row with the Celtics, from 1959 to 1966. In 1968 and 1969, we proceeded to win two more championships as a player-coach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9 Consecutive NBA Appearances - Sam Jones &amp;amp; Tom Heinsohn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Jones_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sam Jones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; played for the Boston Celtics from 1957 to 1969, going on the same 8-year winning streak as the aforementioned Bill Russell, and ending his season with 10 NBA championships, two more from 1968 and 1969. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Heinsohn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tom Heinsohn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, another Boston Celtic and teammate of Bill Russell an Sam Jones also appeared 9 times in a row at the NBA finals, winning the championship 7 consecutive years from 1959 to 1965. He went on to win two more NBA championships as their coach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8 Consecutive NBA Appearances - K.C Jones, Frank Ramsey &amp;amp; Lebron James&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._C._Jones&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;K.C Jones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; played for the Boston Celtics from 1958-1967, going on to appear at eight consecutive NBA finals from 1958-1966 and winning every NBA final from his rookie season. Additionally he won two NBA Championships as a coach (1984 &amp;amp; 1986) and two championships as an assistant coach (1972 &amp;amp; 1981). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Ramsey_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Frank Ramsey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; also played from the Boston Celtics from 1954-1955, then from 1956-1964. In that time he made 8 consecutive NBA final appearances, from 1959-1964, accumulating 7 total NBA championships. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeBron_James&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LeBron James&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, as the OP mentioned, just made his 8th consecutive NBA finals, four with the Miami Heat from 2011 to 2014 and 4 with the Cleveland Cavaliers from 2015 to 2018, however he has only won 3 championships. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T04:37:51.070" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T04:37:51.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18469" CreationDate="2018-05-28T06:49:52.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Blisters on your feet can be caused by several reasons, but mostly they are caused by wearing the wrong shoe size or not wearing them in properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When buying new shoes they must not be too tight. They should fit well already in the store. Also if they're too big and your foot is slipping in them that's almost guaranteed a blister. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And before actually playing with them it is necessary to wear them in. It also helps to wear thicker socks to avoid blisters and with some materials it is easier to wear them in when they're wet (wet leather is softer and the shoe will fit easier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T06:49:52.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18361" CreationDate="2018-05-28T13:06:50.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know there are no official records for this. At least not published. The ATP surely has the data. I calculated the answer to your question on my own (with the help of &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this awesome tennis dataset&lt;/a&gt; by Jeff Sackmann).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of players with most consecutive sets won (columns denote player name, streak start, streak end, number of consecutive sets won):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clay&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Rafael Nadal    2017-05-29  2018-05-07  50&#xA;Guillermo Coria 2003-07-14  2004-02-16  35&#xA;Ilie Nastase    1973-05-18  1973-06-02  34&#xA;Rafael Nadal    2010-05-09  2011-04-10  32&#xA;Rafael Nadal    2007-05-28  2008-04-28  31&#xA;Rafael Nadal    2012-05-13  2012-05-27  30&#xA;Rafael Nadal    2006-09-22  2007-05-07  30&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Novak Djokovic  2016-03-07  2016-07-25  34&#xA;Roger Federer   2005-08-29  2006-01-16  33&#xA;Ivan Lendl      1987-07-27  1987-09-01  33  &#xA;Roger Federer   2006-11-13  2007-02-26  31&#xA;Jimmy Connors   1975-02-17  1975-11-06  31&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grass&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Roger Federer   2003-06-23  2004-06-21  36&#xA;John Mcenroe    1984-06-25  1985-06-24  31&#xA;Roger Federer   2017-06-19  2017-07-03  29&#xA;Roger Federer   2007-06-25  2008-06-23  29&#xA;Stefan Edberg   1990-06-25  1991-06-24  27&#xA;John Newcombe   1974-12-21  1975-12-26  27&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carpet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;John Mcenroe    1984-02-24  1984-09-28  49&#xA;Jimmy Connors   1974-02-10  1974-09-23  45&#xA;Ivan Lendl      1982-09-20  1983-01-24  36  &#xA;John Mcenroe    1983-09-30  1984-01-23  33&#xA;Wojtek Fibak    1980-03-24  1980-11-04  31&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Irrespective of surface&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Jimmy Connors   1974-02-10  1974-03-24  44&#xA;Ivan Lendl      1985-08-27  1985-10-21  43  &#xA;Jimmy Connors   1976-03-22  1976-06-21  40&#xA;Bjorn Borg      1979-06-25  1979-08-28  40  &#xA;John Mcenroe    1982-10-01  1982-11-26  37&#xA;Bjorn Borg      1980-02-19  1980-04-22  35  &#xA;John Mcenroe    1984-02-24  1984-05-06  35&#xA;Ilie Nastase    1973-05-18  1973-06-02  34&#xA;Ivan Lendl      1987-07-27  1987-09-01  33  &#xA;Jimmy Connors   1975-09-21  1975-11-06  32&#xA;Ivan Lendl      1986-02-10  1986-03-24  32  &#xA;Guillermo Coria 2003-07-14  2003-07-28  32&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question on who would be third best: This would then be the carpet streak of Jimmy Connors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Jimmy Connors   1974-02-10  1974-09-23  45&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T13:06:50.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17861" CreationDate="2018-05-28T14:15:36.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, not all sizes of paintballs will work with each paintball marker (gun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main sizes to be aware of are .68cal and .50cal balls. 68 is much more common and is what you will use at the majority of paintball fields.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some fields and markers support the smaller size balls mainly for younger players. They are slowly being adopted into regular competitive play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, in both sizes you can get specialized rounds with a rifled fin, typically called &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210903170829/https://www.ansgear.com/First_Strike_Paintball_s/5004.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First Strike Rounds&lt;/a&gt;. Only specialized markers can shoot these rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are the main types that you need to check if you marker can shoot, 95% chance it shoots roundball .68cal. If it does then you can also look into paint-bore matching for better accuracy but it's not required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15392" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-08-01T13:27:26.920" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T13:27:26.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-28T22:50:12.167" Score="2" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Washington Capitals and the Las Vegas Golden Knights have made it to 2017-18 Stanley Cup finals. Neither team has won a Stanley cup final game before. Of all the NHL players in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 2018 Finals game 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;how many have won at least one game in a Stanley Cup Final game before?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15393" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T11:11:39.720" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T05:35:13.833" Title="How many players in the 2018 Stanley Cup finals have won a finals game before?" Tags="|trivia|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18481" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18511" CreationDate="2018-05-29T02:29:03.437" Score="3" ViewCount="771" Body="&lt;p&gt;To map this out, players A and B are on team 1, player C is on team two. Player A bumps the ball over the net to team two's side. Player B reaches underneath the net and (otherwise legally) hits the ball at player C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a legal play and should player C continue the volley?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15396" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T13:06:01.970" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T07:50:38.423" Title="In beach volleyball what happens when a player hits the ball from under the net?" Tags="|volleyball|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18483" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-29T17:50:31.637" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am a bit late to a short ball which has dropped below the level of the net I tend to hit up fairly crudely and the ball will land somewhere in no mans land which can be easily attacked by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best approach for handling this scenario, take it as a topspin forehand or backhand and really accelerate up the ball to give it some lift? Do a low volley? Or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15161" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T20:40:11.427" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T16:07:10.673" Title="How to handle a short ball which has dropped below the level of the net" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18479" CreationDate="2018-05-29T21:58:33.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Orpik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brooks Orpik&lt;/a&gt; playing for Washington Capitals won Stanley Cup in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; with Pittsburgh Penguins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vegas goaltender &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc-Andr%C3%A9_Fleury&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marc-André Fleury&lt;/a&gt; won three Stanley Cups - also with Penguins - in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Orpik and Fleury also played in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, where Penguins lost to Detroit Red Wings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Neal_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Neal&lt;/a&gt; played for Nashville Predators, Predators lost the series to Penguins 2-4. He also currently plays for Vegas Golden Knights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should be all players with previous Stanley Cup final appearances from the rosters of the the two finalists according to sources below and also according to the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;. (Here is link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals&amp;amp;action=history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;. Notice the column &quot;Finals appearance&quot; in the section &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals#Team_rosters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Team rosters&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://media.nhl.com/public/news/12133?utm_source=morning-skate&amp;amp;utm_medium=twitter&amp;amp;sf88859652=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Morning Skate: Stanley Cup Final Edition – May 27, 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/vegas-golden-knights-leaning-on-fleury-neal-heading-into-stanley-cup-final/c-298801796&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golden Knights leaning on Fleury, Neal heading into Stanley Cup Final&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://triblive.com/sports/penguins/13685912-74/ex-penguins-brooks-orpik-marc-andre-fleury-know-cup-success&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ex-Penguins Brooks Orpik, Marc-Andre Fleury know Cup success&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capitals-insider/wp/2018/05/26/brooks-orpik-is-only-capitals-player-with-stanley-cup-experience-hes-a-big-role-model/?utm_term=.8a37279bc976&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brooks Orpik is only Capital with Stanley Cup finals experience: ‘A big role model’&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T05:35:13.833" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T05:35:13.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18469" CreationDate="2018-05-30T06:42:51.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Blisters happen when your shoes don't fit you well. You can get some Blister balm to heal your blister. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To prevent happening to them again:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Get yourself antiperspirants(not deodorants) and spray it on your&lt;br&gt;&#xA;feet, let it dry and then wear your new shoe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before heading to the ground for playing, first wear your shoes in&#xA;the house and try to locate your trouble areas and wear paddings in&#xA;your feet where you fill discomfort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you can purchase new shoes; you can go for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cowhide leather shoes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if you want super protection, durability, and water resistant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want high tensile strength and the ability to mold perfectly around your feet go for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;kangaroo leather&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever shoes you buy, make sure they fit you properly and don't promote excessive sweating along the foot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15400" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T13:10:13.917" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T13:10:13.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18469" CreationDate="2018-05-30T13:32:40.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you haven't played in a &quot;long&quot; time, you're feet were probably not ready along with having new shoes. Some socks are very rough on the inside, so one strategy to prevent this from happening again is to wear two pairs of socks: one pair inside out and then another pair over them the normal way. It gets rid of the roughness and also may fill in any spaces between the shoe and your foot where it's not fitting well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T13:32:40.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16631" CreationDate="2018-05-30T15:17:30.590" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/LAN/LAN200609180.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;On September 18th, 2006, J.D. Drew, Russell Martin, and Marlon Anderson hit home runs on 3 consecutive pitches&lt;/a&gt;. Drew hit a home run off Jon Adkins. Martin and Anderson hit home runs off Trevor Hoffman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked all of the instances of teams hitting 4 consecutive home runs, and this was the only one I found in which 3 were hit on consecutive pitches. However, there were 3 instances in the 1960's that didn't have pitch count available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very likely that 3 is the record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15401" LastEditorUserId="15401" LastEditDate="2018-05-31T17:59:30.560" LastActivityDate="2018-05-31T17:59:30.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18392" CreationDate="2018-05-31T06:06:42.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because all Indian pitches are suitable for the spin and all Indian Batsmen played lot's of spin from childhood, That is why all Indian batsmen know how to play spin without any risk and they also know which shot is safer then sweep. And overseas player is not good against spin so they always preferring sweep against spin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4931" LastEditorUserId="4931" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T14:07:44.790" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T14:07:44.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17705" CreationDate="2018-05-31T18:14:13.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2017-nfl-rulebook/#article-1.-offensive-team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rule 7-5-1a says&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The offensive team must be in compliance with the following at the&#xA;  snap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-&#xA;   It must have seven or more players on the line (3-19)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; answer your following questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a minimum number of players needed on the field in the NFL?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What rule specifies the minimum number of players a defense ... must have in order for the ball to be declared ready for play?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this &lt;em&gt;indirectly&lt;/em&gt; answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What rule specifies the minimum number of players a[n] ... offense ... must have in order for the ball to be declared ready for play?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15401" LastEditorUserId="15401" LastEditDate="2018-06-05T12:07:24.320" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T12:07:24.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17705" CreationDate="2018-05-31T23:42:54.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the offensive side the &lt;a href=&quot;https://nflcommunications.com/Documents/2017%20Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book&lt;/a&gt; states the following regarding position of players at snap time in &lt;strong&gt;Rule 7 - Section 5&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. OFFENSIVE TEAM.&lt;/strong&gt; The offensive team must be in compliance with the following at the snap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) It must have seven or more players on the line (3-19)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Eligible receivers must be on both ends of the line, and all of the players on the line between them must be ineligible&#xA;  receivers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) No player may be out of bounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: Offensive linemen may lock &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the offense needs at least 7 players at the line of scrimmage. This is without counting a quarterback, as the rules (surprisingly) don't mention that the offence must have a quarterback at snap. The &lt;strong&gt;Rule 7 - Section 6 - Article 4&lt;/strong&gt; mentions that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A snap is a backward pass. The snap must be received by a player who is not on the line at the&#xA;  snap, unless the ball first strikes the ground. If the ball first strikes the ground, or is muffed by an eligible backfield receiver, or&#xA;  quarterback under center, it can be recovered and advanced by any player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, the offense can snap without a QB, make sure it hits the ground and then any player can pick it up and run a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus we have that in theory the offense only needs 7 players for a play. But in practice, you'll never see the ball get snapped without having some under the center as you're almost guaranteed to lose possession of the ball with a player in the back field. Hence, in practice the minimum number pf players on the field on the offense would be 8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the defense and the special teams, there are no rules similar to the &lt;strong&gt;Rule 7 - Section 5 - Article 1&lt;/strong&gt; that specified the minimum number of players. There are rules that specify the maximum number of players you can have on each side of the ball at the snap time, but I didn't find any rules for the minimum number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: I will continue looking for a limit on the defensive side and will update the post when I find an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;The &lt;strong&gt;Rule 5 - Section 1 - Article 1&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_2013_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rule book&lt;/a&gt; states the following:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AT THE SNAP&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a team has more than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone when a snap, free kick, or fair-catch kick is made, the ball is in play, and it is a foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Penalty&lt;/strong&gt;: For more than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone while the ball is in play: Loss of five yards from the previous spot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: It is not a foul if a team has fewer than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone when a snap, free kick, or faircatch kick is made. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule mentions that on either side of the ball the teams can have at most 11 players legally. Any more results in a penalty while any less is fine, as long as other rules are not violated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have yet to find any reference to minimum number of players needed on the field on the defense. My guess for now is that there's no such limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-03T05:31:23.277" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T05:31:23.277" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18503" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18504" CreationDate="2018-06-02T11:15:14.863" Score="9" ViewCount="2094" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for the following statistic, if available:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Quickest goal scored in any match throughout the tournament in each edition of the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, for the 2014 World Cup, Clint Dempsey scored the fastest tournament goal at 30 seconds in the USA's group stage match against Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15416" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T12:11:27.483" Title="Quickest goal scored in each World Cup edition" Tags="|football|statistics|records|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18503" CreationDate="2018-06-02T12:29:50.000" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/tags/community-wiki/info&quot;&gt;community wiki&lt;/a&gt; post with a partial answer. If you have can add some missing information or additional sources, go ahead and edit this post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The statistics below should be taken with caution. They are only as reliable as the sources where they were taken from. Moreover, it's not sure whether we can rely on such exact timekeeping - especially for old events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_J%C3%B8rgensen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mathias Jørgensen&lt;/a&gt; (0:57)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Dempsey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Clint Dempsey&lt;/a&gt; (0:30)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Thomas Müller&lt;/a&gt; (2:38)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamoah_Gyan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Asamoah Gyan&lt;/a&gt; (1:08)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_%C5%9E%C3%BCk%C3%BCr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hakan Sükür&lt;/a&gt; (0:11)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Ayala&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Celso Ayala&lt;/a&gt; (0:53)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Batistuta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gabriel Batistuta&lt;/a&gt; (2nd minute)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safet_Su%C5%A1i%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Safet Sušić&lt;/a&gt; (5th minute)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Butrague%C3%B1o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Emilio Butragueño&lt;/a&gt; (1:03)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Robson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bryan Robson&lt;/a&gt; (0:27)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Lacombe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bernard Lacombe&lt;/a&gt; (0:37)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Neeskens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Neeskens&lt;/a&gt; (1:20)&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav_Petr%C3%A1%C5%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ladislav Petráš&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Seung-zin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pak Seung-zin&lt;/a&gt; (0:50)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Ma%C5%A1ek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Václav Mašek&lt;/a&gt; (0:16)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%C3%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vavá&lt;/a&gt; (2nd minute)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Mamat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Suat Mamat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_dos_Santos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo dos Santos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Veinante&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Émile Veinante&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Nyberg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arne Nyberg&lt;/a&gt; (both 0:35)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Lehner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernst Lehner&lt;/a&gt; (0:25)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1930&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbert_De%C8%99u&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adalbert Desu&lt;/a&gt; (0:50)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;This is also the fastest goal in the history of world cup &lt;em&gt;finals&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pages with individual stats for World Cup tournaments &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:FIFA_World_Cup_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastest_goals_in_association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fastest goals in association football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.footballgate.com/2014/06/17/top-10-the-fastest-goals-in-the-world-cup-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top 10 – The fastest goals in the World Cup history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ranker.com/list/fastest-goals-scored-in-world-cup-history/ranker-soccer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 12 Fastest Goals Scored In World Cup History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eurosport.com/football/fastest-world-cup-goals_sto4290957/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fastest World Cup goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The World Cup, A Very Peculiar History by David Arscott - &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=c-a7BAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fastest World Cup goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_04a_super_57313.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup superlatives&lt;/a&gt; at FIFA website (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20170922050813/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_04a_super_57313.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/06/14/First-round-facts-and-figures-at-the-World-CupLeading-scorers/5987519105600/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;First-round facts and figures at the World Cup: Leading scorers...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mis mundiales by Juan María Alfaro, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.sk/books?id=WVgdc0x5sOgC&amp;amp;pg=PA68&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Page 68&lt;/a&gt; - Los Goles Mas Rapidos De Cada Mundial&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup/story/3553072/denmark-and-croatia-set-world-cup-record-for-fastest-goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denmark and Croatia set World Cup record for fastest goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T12:11:27.483" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T12:11:27.483" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-06-02T12:29:50.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18516" CreationDate="2018-06-02T15:27:45.347" Score="1" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers scored 51 points in a losing effort against the Golden State Warriors in game 1 of 2017 - 2018 NBA finals. That made James the 6th player ever to score 50+ points in the NBA finals, but he also became the first person in that list to lose the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top 5 scoring performances in the NBA finals that resulted in a loss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-02T17:48:18.527" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T23:26:05.660" Title="Best scoring performances in an NBA finals loss" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18505" CreationDate="2018-06-02T18:25:16.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#1. 63 points: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Chicago Bulls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 20, 1986 - Eastern Conference first round; Chicago Bulls Vs. Boston Celtics. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/198604200BOS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston won: 135 - 131.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#2. 61 points - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/a/allenra02.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ray Allen&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Boston Celtics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 30, 2009 - Eastern Conference First Round; Boston Celtics Vs. Chicago Bulls. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200904300CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago won: 128 - 127&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#3.1 51 points - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/w/westbru01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russell Westbrook&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Oklahoma Thunder&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 19, 2017 - Western Conference Quarter Finals; Oklahoma Thunder Vs. Houston Rockets. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201704190HOU.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Houston won: 115 - 111&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#3.2 51 points - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jamesle01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LeBron James&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Cleveland Cavaliers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 31, 2018 - NBA Finals; Cleveland Cavaliers Vs. Golden State Warriors. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201805310GSW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golden State won: 124 - 114&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#4.1 50 points -  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/cunnibi01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Cunningham&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Philadelphia 76ers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;April 1, 1970 - Eastern Division Semi Finals; Philadelphia 76ers Vs.  Milwaukee Bucks. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/197004010PHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Milwaukee won: 118 - 111&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#4.2 50 points -  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Jordan&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Chicago Bulls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 5 1989 - Eastern Conference First Round; Chicago Bulls Vs. Cleveland Cavaliers. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/198905050CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland won: 108 - 105&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#4.3 50 points -  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/b/bryanko01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kobe Bryant&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; Los Angeles Lakers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;May 4, 2006 - Western Conference First Round; Los Angeles Lakers Vs. Phoenix Suns. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200605040LAL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Phoenix won: 126 - 118&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Reference:&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Basketball_Association_single-game_playoff_scoring_leaders&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of National Basketball Association single-game playoff scoring leaders&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastActivityDate="2018-06-02T18:25:16.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-02T21:31:48.107" Score="5" ViewCount="1266" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a tie-break, how is it decided which end to start serving from in the following set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do players get a choice or do they keep the current end for one game or swap immediately?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15423" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-02T23:16:54.097" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T01:35:14.997" Title="How are ends chosen to start a new set following a tie-break?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18510" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-03T05:02:02.367" Score="0" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a few questions regarding doubles players playing together on the mens', womens' and the mixed tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How are the doubles tennis players partnered up? Is this totally based on players' decision? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How do the doubles players qualify for tournaments, specially if they just begin playing together?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any requirements that the players need to respect in order to play together?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are the rules the same for the mixed and non mixed doubles players?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If different tournaments have different rules, then please at least list those of the grand slam's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T05:02:02.367" Title="How are doubles tennis players matched?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|wta|qualifying|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18481" CreationDate="2018-06-03T15:33:41.983" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a fault by team 1 and they lose the point; it is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB-BeachVolleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule 13.2.1 of the official FIVB rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.2 Faults of the attack hit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.2.1 A player hits the ball within the playing space of the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, there is nothing beach specific about this - exactly the same rule exists for indoor volleyball (except that it is numbered 13.3.1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T07:50:38.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18505" CreationDate="2018-06-04T11:55:27.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using Basketball Reference's Player Game Finder with the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1964&amp;amp;year_max=2019&amp;amp;is_playoffs=Y&amp;amp;round_id=fin&amp;amp;game_result=L&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;season_start=1&amp;amp;season_end=-1&amp;amp;pos_is_g=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_gf=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_f=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fg=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_fc=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_c=Y&amp;amp;pos_is_cf=Y&amp;amp;order_by=pts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;search criteria&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a single game, from 1964 to 2019, in the playoffs, round is Finals, team lost game, sorted by descending Points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top 5 scoring performances in the NBA finals that resulted in a loss are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) LeBron James - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201805310GSW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;51 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 1, 2018 NBA Finals (Cavaliers at Warriors)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Stephen Curry - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201906050GSW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;47 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 3, 2019 NBA Finals (Raptors at Warriors)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T3) Jerry West - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196604220LAL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;45 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 4, 1966 NBA Finals (Celtics at Lakers)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T3)  Jerry West - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196504190BOS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;45 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 2, 1965 NBA Finals (Lakers at Celtics)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T5) LeBron James - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201506040GSW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;44 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 1, 2015 NBA Finals (Cavaliers at Warriors)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T5) Shaquille O'Neal - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200106060LAL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;44 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 1, 2001 NBA Finals (76ers at Lakers)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T5) Michael Jordan - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/199306130CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;44 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 3, 1993 NBA Finals (Suns at Bulls)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;T5) Rick Barry - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196704240SFW.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;44 points&lt;/a&gt;, Game 6, 1967 NBA Finals (76ers at Warriors)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15401" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T23:26:05.660" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T23:26:05.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18531" CreationDate="2018-06-04T15:55:10.387" Score="4" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0VWvU.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0VWvU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You still always see those panels in F1 that some guy is holding out close to the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since they have constant radio communication around the track, I really wonder... what is their use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like here we see it tell Kubika he won the Canadian GP a few years back, but he probably already knows with the radio that he was P1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T06:40:02.220" Title="What is the use of the panels in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24961" CreationDate="2018-06-04T17:03:26.233" Score="8" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;When was the last 'clean' Formula 1 race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A 'clean' race is one in which all cars that made a time in qualifications ended the full race (they did not retire or receive a DNF or DNS).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T01:08:12.967" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T02:41:45.747" Title="When was the last 'clean' race?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18519" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-04T17:06:58.213" Score="3" ViewCount="2179" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule that states that a batsman must be ready for the bowler, or is it just good etiquette? I'm not referring to waiting for a new bat to come in after a wicket has fallen. I'm talking about a bowler having to wait for the batsman mid-over, to get ready to receive the next delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a recent match, the bowler was bowling off a 10 yard run up. For every ball, a particular batsman was waiting 3-4 yards leg side of the wicket. He waited for the bowler to get to his mark and be ready to start the delivery, before he then walked into the crease and took his guard to receive the ball.  This was adding a slight delay to every ball, and (perhaps intentionally) annoying the entire field!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On occasion this would be fine, but this batsman did it every single ball. I was always taught that it is the batsman's responsibility to be ready for the bowler (assuming the batsman has reasonable time). In this case, with the bowler having a 10 yard run-up there was always plenty of time for the batsman to get ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have scoured the rules but can't find anything that explicitly states one way or the other. All I can find under the dead ball rules is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 20.5 Ball ceases to be dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball ceases to be dead – that is, it comes into play – when the bowler starts his/her run-up or, if there is no run-up, starts his/her bowling action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and under 20.4.2 Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.4.2.5 the striker is not ready for the delivery of the ball and, if the ball is delivered, makes no attempt to play it.  Provided the umpire is satisfied that the striker had adequate reason for not being ready, the ball shall not count as one of the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies that unless the batsman has a good reason not to be ready, he has to be ready to receive the ball. &amp;quot;adequate reasons&amp;quot; is a bit vague - there are many adequate reasons that could fit in here, but if the batsman's batting mannerisms are simply that he likes to wait for the bowler to be ready, then surely that doesn't apply?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was it reasonable for the batsman to oblige the bowler to have to wait for him to be ready every single delivery, or, given there was no adequate reason, could the bowler have legitimately just started bowling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where in the rules does it govern who has to be ready for who?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T03:01:55.307" Title="Responsibility of the batsman to be ready for the bowler" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18538" CreationDate="2018-06-04T19:31:30.307" Score="6" ViewCount="17291" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1 (and probably other motorsports) there is the blue flag rule. When a car is about to be lapped, they are shown a blue flag, and must give the lapping car an occasion to pass them at the earliest convenience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always read this as you can't fight for the position; you let them pass, and not cause an accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if, for instance, you start doing better lap times with some fresher tires. Then you can't unlap yourself as far as I understand. You can't go up to the car that has lapped you before, because you can't really pass through him, you shouldn't fight for position against him (and risk an accident).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even if you do faster lap times, are you stuck behind the car that has lapped you, or is there a thing that lets you pass the car that has lapped you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T06:58:35.570" Title="With the blue flag rules, how are you meant to unlap yourself?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17705" CreationDate="2018-06-05T00:28:20.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to be the case that the rules do not specify the minimum number of players on the defensive side in order to declare the ball ready for play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3-2-2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Dead Ball is Ready for Play while the 40-second Play Clock is&#xA;running when the ball is placed down by an official at the spot where&#xA;the ball will next be put in play, or when the Referee signals for the&#xA;25-second Play Clock to start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules go on to refer to a ball that is ready for play several more times, but in no case does it define what conditions must occur before the ball is to be made ready for play.  The rules do refer to the &amp;quot;referee's signal&amp;quot; several times as a key part of making the ball ready for play.  Thus I must conclude that the ball is ready for play whenever the referee signals it such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFC Divisional playoff game on 2018-01-14 between Minnesota and New Orleans, the referee didn't signal the ball ready for play till all eight Saints players that were running to get onside were onside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1998 &amp;quot;just give it to them&amp;quot; game between Buffalo and New England, similarly the final try of the game was not germane to the outcome, but this time, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5vg1MictAQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;there were zero players on defense to oppose the Patriots in scoring a two-point conversion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as an actual answer to the question, under Rule 15-1-3, &lt;strong&gt;in order for the ball to be declared ready for play, the offense and defense may or may not need have some number of players present in whatever number the referee decides:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee’s decisions upon all matters not specifically placed under&#xA;the jurisdiction of other officials by rule are final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, for 2019 and later, the rule 4-8-2c was added so that the game can end without the PAT attempt taking place, thus making the particular scenario from the Minnesota-New Orleans game in the question no longer relevant.  However, it still could be relevant in case the defense was preoccupied, or perhaps if they stayed off the filed protesting a perceived bad call, as the Bills did in 1998.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2022-12-22T13:29:00.083" LastActivityDate="2022-12-22T13:29:00.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18509" CreationDate="2018-06-05T04:00:11.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://officialtennisrules.com/changing-ends-of-the-court/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; you change ends on every odd game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at the end of a Tie-break, they need to swap ends since the score will be 7-6. It does not matter where they started the game, just at the end of the game. It may seem strange since players swap after every 6 points in a tie break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also who ever started serving the tie-break will then receive the first game of the next set&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked this to a national referee of my country (we played at the same tennis club) and he said you just need to swap ends at the end of the game. So whatever side you were on at the end of the game, swap ends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T04:00:11.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18518" CreationDate="2018-06-05T04:07:34.577" Score="6" Body="&lt;h1&gt;As of June 2018: the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the 2016 Chinese Grand Prix, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2016/4/the-rare-occasions-every-car-was-a-finisher.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;only five races had finished with a full house&lt;/a&gt;. That list includes the 2015 Japan Grand Prix, where Felipe Nasr did not physically finish the race, but was classified after having run more than 90% of the total distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2016 Chinese and subsequent 2016 Japanese Grands Prix both had a true full house finish, 22 of 22 cars that qualified also finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since then, the closest to a full house finish has been a single retirement from a qualified field of 20 and of 22.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T04:07:34.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18356" CreationDate="2018-06-05T09:35:04.030" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the start of the over bowler notifies the umpire by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Right arm over the wicket&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever the bowler want to change its bowling side , one can change by notifying &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;side change or Right arm over the wicket &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same way bowler can change its arm by simply notifying the field umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Left arm over the wickets&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is quiet tough for a regular bowler to throw a legal delivery by different hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15434" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-05T12:05:52.670" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T12:05:52.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18356" CreationDate="2018-06-05T12:47:20.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first part of your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a bowler, within the same over, bowl three balls with their right hand and three balls with their left hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, so long as the bowler notifies the umpire (who will then notify the striker) before they change their mode of delivery - either from left hand to right hand or vice versa, or from over the wicket to round the wicket or vice versa. This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.1.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire shall ascertain whether the bowler intends to bowl right handed or left handed, over or round the wicket, and shall so inform the striker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unfair if the bowler fails to notify the umpire of a change in his/her mode of delivery.  In this case the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they do this alternating sides or must they complete all deliveries with each hand consecutively before changing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, they can alternate sides so long as they notify the umpire before each ball; there is no restriction in Law 21 or elsewhere as to the number of times that a change of mode of delivery can be made during an over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T12:47:20.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18527" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-05T12:58:12.987" Score="1" ViewCount="1014" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his final non-walkover race, the 150 Guineas at Newmarket in 1770, the undefeated Eclipse was offered odds of 1/70. These odds seem remarkable. Are there prominent examples of shorter odds in top-class horse-racing? Maybe in more recent races?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15435" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:04:30.667" Title="shortest odds in a top-class horse race" Tags="|betting|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18519" CreationDate="2018-06-05T22:24:33.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;20.4.25 is the section that covers it.  The umpire has to be satisfied that the striker had an adequate reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just not being ready is not a adequate reason.  However not being ready because a bowler takes a deliberately short  run is an adequate reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another key part is that the batsmen needs to make no attempt to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T22:24:33.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18532" CreationDate="2018-06-06T02:16:09.383" Score="5" ViewCount="2512" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Zverev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Zverev&lt;/a&gt; won 3 consecutive 5 set matches in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Roland Garros&lt;/a&gt; before losing to Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the record for most consecutive 5 set match wins in the history of tennis in the modern era? Please list the players and the tournament(s) the wins spanned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T04:34:33.250" LastActivityDate="2024-02-20T16:28:28.647" Title="Most 5 set matches won in a row" Tags="|tennis|records|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18517" CreationDate="2018-06-06T06:40:02.220" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons for using pit boards despite radio communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cars are not technically allowed to receive most information about the race via radio. Each driver knows their own delta from a dashboard display, but not the delta from the cars immediately ahead or behind. Boards are frequently used to tell a driver who is next in front or behind, and by how far.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radios are distracting. Drivers complain already about the amount of chatter they get. This additional information is more time spent focusing on the sound and not on the road. Especially on tracks where there are few good long radio moments, which are also the tracks with many corners and passing chances, minimising the distraction is key to holding position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;... and pit boards can be ignored. If the driver doesn't care or is too busy dealing with an overtake or keeping a clean tight line, they can simply ignore the board entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radios break. Just like every other part of the car, the radio can fail and leave them helpless, unless an alternative method is available and is practised often enough to be effective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T06:40:02.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18529" CreationDate="2018-06-06T11:06:53.870" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four players that won four 5-set matches at Grand Slam tournaments, but neither of them in four consecutive matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Costa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Albert Costa&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 French Open&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Lapentti&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicolás Lapentti&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Martin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Todd Martin&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Denton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Denton&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1981 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we count Olympic Games and not only Grand Slams, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goran_Ivani%C5%A1evi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Goran Ivanišević&lt;/a&gt; won &lt;strong&gt;four consecutive 5-set matches&lt;/strong&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, before losing in semifinals to Marc Rosset (who went on to win the tournament).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wins in three consecutive matches that went to five sets&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Australian Open&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Dibley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Colin Dibley&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Denton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Denton&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1981&lt;/a&gt; - Denton won the first three rounds in five-set matches. He won one more 5-set battle in the semifinals, but eventually lost in the final to Johan Kriek.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Lapentti&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicolás Lapentti&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;; he won the first three rounds in five-set matches. Then he won another five-setter in the quarterfinals before losing to Thomas Enqvist in the semifinals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johansson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Thomas Johansson&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Hrbat%C3%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dominik Hrbatý&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; - he won the first three rounds in five set matches, and then lost to Davydenko again in five sets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Mannarino&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adrian Mannarino&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2024&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;French Open&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Gehring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rolf Gehring&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_Teltscher&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eliot Teltscher&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Krajicek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Richard Krajicek&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Kuerten&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gustavo Kuerten&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Costa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Albert Costa&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt;; He won the first three rounds in five-set matches. Then he won yet another five-setter in quartefinals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%ABl_Monfils&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gaël Monfils&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Robredo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tommy Robredo&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Zverev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Zverev&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Varillas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juan Pablo Varillas&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles#Section_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;US Open&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscoe_Tanner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roscoe Tanner&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Goldie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Goldie&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Edberg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stefan Edberg&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/a&gt;. He won the tournament after five-set wins in semifinals, quarterfinals and fourth round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Ferreira&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayne Ferreira&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robby_Ginepri&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robby Ginepri&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; - he won five-set matches in third and fourth round and in quarterfinals, before losing to Agassi in semifinals, again in five sets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Agassi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andre Agassi&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Granollers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcel Granollers&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Kode%C5%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jan Kodeš&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/a&gt;; after three consecutive wins in five-set matches, he lost in quarterfinals to the eventual champion Connors, again in five sets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simpson_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russell Simpson&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_R%C4%83dulescu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alex Rădulescu&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stoltenberg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jason Stoltenberg&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Martin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Todd Martin&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt; - with the exception of second round all his wins were in five sets, then he lost in semifinals to Pete Sampras.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janko_Tipsarevi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Janko Tipsarević&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernests_Gulbis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernests Gulbis&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles#Section_6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/zverev-roland-garros-2018-sunday-reaction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The History Books Await Zverev&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190328153322/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/zverev-roland-garros-2018-sunday-reaction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis28.com/slams/five_sets_tournament.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Five Set Matches at One Slam&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180606120210/http://www.tennis28.com/slams/five_sets_tournament.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.insideout-tennis.de/knackt-zverev-grand-slam-rekord/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French Open: Knackt Zverev diesen Grand-Slam-Rekord?&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180613055925/http://www.insideout-tennis.de/knackt-zverev-grand-slam-rekord/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennispanorama.com/archives/62446&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Roland Garros – Day Ten Men’s Preview&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180606120745/http://www.tennispanorama.com/archives/62446&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-02-20T16:28:28.647" LastActivityDate="2024-02-20T16:28:28.647" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-06-06T11:06:53.870" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-07T02:16:03.127" Score="1" ViewCount="825" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shaun Livingston of the Golden State Warriors started the 2017 - 2018 NBA finals with 11 straight field goals. His first miss came in the first half of the third game of the finals against the Cleveland Cavaliers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most consecutive made baskets to start the NBA finals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T03:10:58.110" Title="What is the record for most consecutive shots made to start NBA finals?" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18467" CreationDate="2018-06-07T10:42:36.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are creases. They effect performance as the board will flesh (bend) more around that point. The board is much more likely to break in half at that point as well. Creases can be fixed, can be expensive for epoxy boards ($200-$300 minimum) and requires a pro to do it right. A bad fix can weaken the board further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6238" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T10:42:36.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18288" CreationDate="2018-06-08T01:08:25.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each North American major league team is managed differently, and unless you're an owner or a high ranking executive it's hard to tell what owners really do. For that reason the answer to this question is bound to be opinion based. This is my understanding of what the owners do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most major league sports owners purchase their teams because of the love of the game and sports in general, or as an investment (or a mixture of both). NBA is no different than other leagues when it comes to that. An example of how good of an investment owning an NBA team can be is the LA Clippers under &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Sterling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Donald Sterling&lt;/a&gt;. He &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/06/04/donald-sterlings-last-laugh-tax-free-2-billion-clippers-sale/#24e8d4e62242&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;purchased&lt;/a&gt; the team just for $12.5 million dollars in 1981. He was more or less forced to sell the team in 2014 due to racist comments, but managed to sell the team for the wobbling amount of $2 billion dollars!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The role of an owner varies from team to team. Some owners are there purely for an investment, but others are more involved in running the team and the business. An example of a hands on owner is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Jones&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jerry Jones&lt;/a&gt; the owner of Dallas Cowboys in the NFL. He bought the team in 1989, and not too long after he assumed the General Manger (GM) position. He has been both the owner and the GM of the Cowboys to this day. This means he has control over the business side of the team and also all football decisions, giving him complete power over all decision. You could argue there are no decisions that happen in that franchise without his approval.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in general most owners (including those of the NBA) don't often make decision regarding how the team plays and functions. They usually watch the home games in the box, some travel with the team to see important road games or playoffs games. When the owners do make decisions for the team it is for the more important and long lasting ones. Their role when it comes to handling the team is to participate in the process of hiring new head coaches, presidents of sports operations, and sometimes players, as well as setting the roadmap for the teams future. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Irsay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Irsay&lt;/a&gt; owner of the Indianapolis Colts is an example for an owner which is involved in the hiring and firing process of the coaches, GMs, and even the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get back to your specification, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Cuban#Dallas_Mavericks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Cuban&lt;/a&gt; is more of a hands on owner. He's the type of owner that can talk about the players and their skills since he has a very good understanding of their performance as he can be found courtside of Mavericks' home games. He is involved in a number of different businesses and doesn't have the time or the deep knowledge of the game, hence he isn't as involved as someone like Jerry Jones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the role of an owner can diminish if he or she is not the sole owner as they either don't have enough power to implement their decisions or have to get number of other people onboard. If you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_team_owners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of NBA owners&lt;/a&gt; you'll see some teams are run as a family business like the LA Lakers (currently owned by the late &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Buss&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jerry Buss&lt;/a&gt;'s family), and some other are owned by a number of different people like the Philadelphia 76ers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-11-28T02:29:00.990" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T02:29:00.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14341" CreationDate="2018-06-08T06:04:35.647" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being FIBA referee, our instructions are clear that for first sign of shouting or no sportsmanship behavior player will be warn, after that will get technical foul. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15440" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T06:04:35.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18520" CreationDate="2018-06-08T10:39:04.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will answer this from the perspective of Formula 1 as I am most familiar with that formulae.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In F1 you are perfectly entitled to unlap yourself and it does happen from time to time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The blue flag rule is for cars that are about to be lapped, ie are SLOWER than the car approaching them, if you are unlapping yourself then you will be QUICKER than the other car so blue flags would not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There aren't many examples of this as lapped cars tend to be slower than the cars doing the lapping, but in 1993 there was a famous example of Eddie Irvine in his maiden Grand Prix, unlapping himself against Ayrton Senna, who punched him after the race for his cheek!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2015/9/do-you-remember_-when-senna-and-irvine-came-to-blows-at-suzuka.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2015/9/do-you-remember_-when-senna-and-irvine-came-to-blows-at-suzuka.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T10:39:04.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5796" CreationDate="2018-06-08T13:06:32.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A big part of it is what was mentioned before - more touchdowns.  IMHO it is also intended to create a more wide-open kind of play for fan consumption.  To my way of thinking it's like a Butterball turkey.  Most people want breast meat so they breed them to have lots of breast meat with the unintended consequence that the breast meat has hardly any taste.  I don't buy the compensate for moving the goal post argument.  NCAA kickers on average should be less able than NFL kickers but they manage to make field goals with the angle.  It's just an additional way to cause more scoring and thus more excitement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15442" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T13:06:32.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18543" CreationDate="2018-06-08T17:27:41.897" Score="2" ViewCount="361" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL a Coach can call a timeout right before the kicker kicks the ball in order to affect the kicker's chance of succeeding. In many cases, the kicker will take the kick twice, once right after the timeout is called (this one doesn't count) and a second time after the timeout. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is an NFL coach allowed to plan a staged timeout with the their own kicker to give them a practice kick? Or is this illegal since a kicker normally doesn't have the chance to take a practice attempt before the actual kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-09-14T10:52:56.920" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T10:52:56.920" Title="Is it legal to ice your own kicker?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18527" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:04:30.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The lowest I could find was Man o' War from 1920, winning with 1/100 odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_o%27_War&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_o%27_War&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Just ten days later, Man o' War returned in the Stuyvesant Handicap&#xA;  which he won easily against only one rival. His odds of 1 to 100 were&#xA;  believed to be the lowest ever offered in an American horserace&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:04:30.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18437" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:28:00.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what format you're playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're playing Stableford, strokes will be applied using the hole handicap for that player's gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're playing Match Play, and the man and woman are playing against each other, the number of strokes given is based on the difference between the two player's course handicaps, and you would use the hole handicap based on the player who is receiving the strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:28:00.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18540" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:38:25.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal. In fact, Jason Garrett &lt;a href=&quot;http://freakonomics.com/2011/12/05/what-happens-when-you-ice-your-own-kicker/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;did this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about when a coach ices his own kicker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That’s essentially what Dallas Cowboys head coach Jason Garrett did on&#xA;Sunday during a game against the Arizona Cardinals. With the score&#xA;tied at 13, and just seven seconds left in regulation, Dallas rookie&#xA;kicker Dan Bailey lined up for a potential game-winning 49-yard field&#xA;goal. Right before the snap, Garrett called timeout. Bailey kicked it&#xA;anyway, and nailed it. His second attempt? Not so good — he shanked it&#xA;wide left. The game went into overtime, and Dallas ended up losing&#xA;19-13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s how Garrett explained his decision during his post-game press&#xA;conference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“The play clock was running down. We just wanted to make sure that he&#xA;had a real clean opportunity at it,” Dallas coach Jason Garrett&#xA;explained. “It was at about 6 (seconds) and we were still getting&#xA;settled in, so we banged a time out to give him the opportunity to get&#xA;the snap, hold and kick as clean as possible.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, Garrett &amp;quot;iced his own kicker&amp;quot; because the offense wasn't quite ready for the play, which was a &amp;quot;practice attempt&amp;quot; that backfired on the actual field goal attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15401" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:38:25.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13585" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:40:02.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it's true the number of total stroke is what really matters, showing a score relative to par makes it easier to compare players who are on different parts of the course with each other.  This was  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is easier to understand:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tiger is -3 through 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Phil is -2 through 8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tiger has 261 shots through 16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Phil has 229 shots through 8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The over/under par was invented by a guy named Frank Chirkinian, who was a golf TV producer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read a little history about it here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/03/18/who-invented-over-under-par-golf-scores-108818/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/03/18/who-invented-over-under-par-golf-scores-108818/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9643" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:40:02.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15163" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:40:19.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jim Thorpe won championships in football and ballroom dancing, an interesting combination. Surprisingly, he does not appear to have any victories in track, perhaps because there was no collegiate pentathlon or heptathlon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe#College_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe#College_career&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Thorpe] also competed in football, baseball, lacrosse and even ballroom&#xA;dancing, winning the 1912 intercollegiate ballroom dancing&#xA;championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1912 Carlisle won the national collegiate championship largely as a&#xA;result of [Thorpe's] efforts – he scored 25 touchdowns and 198 points during&#xA;the season, according to CNN's Greg Botelho.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T18:40:19.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18142" CreationDate="2018-06-09T15:16:26.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The game cannot end on a winning run till the batter-runner reaches first base.  Although this principle is not directly reflected in the rules explicitly, the following rule was put in place to cover game-ending home runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.08b:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the winning run is scored in the last half-inning of a&#xA;  regulation game, or in the last half of an extra inning, as the result&#xA;  of a base on balls, hit batter or any other play with the bases full&#xA;  which forces the batter and all other runners to advance without&#xA;  liability of being put out, the umpire shall not declare the game&#xA;  ended until the runner forced to advance from third has touched home&#xA;  base and the batter-runner has touched first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this only applies to cases where the runners must &quot;advance without&#xA;liability of being put out&quot;, I must surmise that this is because a game-ending home run or walk is far more likely and common than your scenario, which I believe is one of the few where this could actually matter, and then only for purposes of official scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is that both outs would count, regardless of timing, based on extending the principle behind Rule 5.08b. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="10543" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T02:45:17.683" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T02:45:17.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18623" CreationDate="2018-06-09T17:19:08.810" Score="1" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know Brian Habana scored a try on his debut, but today (June 9th 2018) is the first test I have ever seen were two players scored a try on debut for the same team. How many times have players scored tries on their debut, and is today's test between the Boks and England the first time two players from the same team have done it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T17:21:40.707" LastActivityDate="2021-06-13T07:36:41.577" Title="How many times has a player scored a try on debut?" Tags="|trivia|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18548" CreationDate="2018-06-09T18:15:20.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871_Scotland_versus_England_rugby_union_match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very first rugby international&lt;/a&gt;, three tries were scored and by definition everybody in that match was in their debut match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-06-13T07:36:41.577" LastActivityDate="2021-06-13T07:36:41.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18553" CreationDate="2018-06-10T07:13:38.873" Score="2" ViewCount="33343" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the UFC point system work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From watching fights I can tell that there are multiple judges that submit a scorecard, and the fighter who is the winner on the most scorecards is the winner of the match. But I'm not sure what criteria the judges use for determining which fighter wins a fight. They obviously care about punches, kicks, and takedowns, but do they care more about their frequency or about the amount of damage a fighter causes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watching &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_225&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UFC 225&lt;/a&gt;'s main card fight between  Whittaker and Romero, the commentators mentioned a few times that they were surprised no judge awarded Romero a 10 - 8. Normally the round winner gets a 10 and the loser a 9 on a judge's score card. Is there a minimum to the points the loser of a round gets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how does a judge decide which fighter should win a round? And how do they decide by how many points they should win a round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T11:14:06.633" LastActivityDate="2020-02-11T12:31:45.373" Title="How are UFC scores awarded?" Tags="|scoring|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-10T07:43:10.453" Score="2" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at various UCI rankings, you often see riders that have non-integers as their rankings. For example, if you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Current_Top_10_Men%27s_Road_Rankings_-_Individual&amp;amp;oldid=843632476&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current UCI World Ranking&lt;/a&gt; and this year's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_UCI_World_Tour&amp;amp;oldid=843989654#Points_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCI World Tour rankings&lt;/a&gt;, you can see Froome with 4918.13 and 1205.43 points, Van Avermaet with 2734.57 and 993.57 points. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when I look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCI_World_Ranking#Explanation_of_the_new-for-2016_points_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;explanation of UCI ranking points&lt;/a&gt; at Wikipedia (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UCI_World_Ranking&amp;amp;oldid=839300417#Explanation_of_the_new-for-2016_points_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), the points awarded for various placings are never fractions. So the best guess is that under some circumstances points are divided between several riders. Checking ranking breakdown for &lt;a href=&quot;https://dataride.uci.ch/iframe/RiderRankingDetails/43936?rankingId=1&amp;amp;groupId=1&amp;amp;momentId=26948&amp;amp;baseRankingTypeId=1&amp;amp;disciplineSeasonId=89&amp;amp;disciplineId=10&amp;amp;categoryId=22&amp;amp;raceTypeId=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Froome&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://dataride.uci.ch/iframe/RiderRankingDetails/44513?rankingId=1&amp;amp;groupId=1&amp;amp;momentId=26948&amp;amp;baseRankingTypeId=1&amp;amp;disciplineSeasonId=89&amp;amp;disciplineId=10&amp;amp;categoryId=22&amp;amp;raceTypeId=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Van Avermaet&lt;/a&gt; I see that in these instances the non-integer points come from team time trials. (I am not sure to which extent these links are permanent, so I will explicitly mention that Froome has 1.43 points from TTT at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Tirreno%E2%80%93Adriatico&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tirreno–Adriatico&lt;/a&gt;, where Team Sky finished 3rd. Van Avermaet has 8.57 from exactly the same event, BMC Racing Team won this stage.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is team time trial the only possibility when points are divided between several riders? What are the exact rules how the points from TTT (or some other situations where the points are split between several riders) are divided among riders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-10T09:17:29.723" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T11:25:33.527" Title="Where do fractional points in UCI ranking come from?" Tags="|rules|ranking|cycling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18552" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-10T09:26:29.923" Score="5" ViewCount="1013" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Formula One track has a racing line, the most optimal part of the track, which is clean &amp;amp; has the best grip due to tyre rubber being laid as a result of Practice &amp;amp; Qualifying sessions. The rest part of the track however is dirty with accumulation of rubble over the weekend.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why isn't the track dusted off prior to the start of a Grand Prix race&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T12:19:15.210" Title="Why isn't a Formula One track dusted off before a Grand Prix?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18550" CreationDate="2018-06-10T11:52:24.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ufc.com&lt;/a&gt; rules and regulation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;UNIFIED RULES AND OTHER MMA REGULATIONS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations#14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;14. Judging&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. All bouts will be evaluated and scored by 3 judges who shall evaluate the contest from different location around the ring/fighting area. The referee may not be one of the 3 judges.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B. The 10-Point Must System will be the standard system of scoring a bout. Under the 10-Point Must Scoring System, 10 points must be awarded to the winner of the round and 9 points or less must be awarded to the loser, except for a rare even round, which is scored (10-10).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. Judges shall evaluate mixed martial arts techniques, such as effective striking, effective grappling, control of the ring/fighting area, effective aggressiveness and defense.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;D. Evaluations shall be made in the order in which the techniques appear in (c) above, giving the most weight in scoring to effective striking, effective grappling, control of the fighting area and effective aggressiveness and defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;J. The following objective scoring criteria shall be utilized by the judges when scoring a round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;i. a round is to be scored as a 10-10 round when both contestants appear to be fighting evenly and neither contestant shows clear dominance in a round;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;ii.a round is to be scored as a 10-9 round when a contestant wins by a close margin, landing the greater number of effective legal strikes, grappling and other maneuvers;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;iii. a round is to be scored as a 10-8 round when a contestant overwhelmingly dominates by striking or grappling in a round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;iv. a round is to be scored as a 10-7 round when a contestant totally dominates by striking or grappling in a round.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, a judge decides winner of the round by using objective criteria mentioned in &lt;strong&gt;J&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;and See &lt;strong&gt;K&lt;/strong&gt; also&lt;/em&gt;). And it seems &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; is the minimum point that loser of a round may get (see J. iv). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T11:52:24.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17191" CreationDate="2018-06-10T23:34:15.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This move appears similar if not identical to the &amp;quot;half preki&amp;quot;, as demonstrated in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XUn-6x3O1Y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this move, the player dribbles the ball with the inside of one foot (we'll say the right foot), and then oversteps the shot with the left foot before cutting back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-05T19:37:53.327" LastActivityDate="2021-03-05T19:37:53.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4400" CreationDate="2018-06-11T00:38:51.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Key takeaway: Use Consistency to adapt&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some serious running books with relevant chapters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Science of Running by Steve Magness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daniels' Running Formula by Jack Daniels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Build Your Running Body by Pete Magill et al&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Lore of Running by Tim Noakes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standard training programs try to minimize injury using consistency and gradual changes. By training on a near daily basis, creates a much more regular routine for your body, and building up mileage slowly also helps your body adjust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Muscles&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Muscle building is very adaptable. You may be sore in the days after you run, but if you drink and eat well, muscles should recover quickly. Building up mileage will help your muscles prepare for longer distance runs. If you strain a muscle (possible if you run while you are sore and/or take a bad step), you might need a few days of rest. 2 days off might be enough! Muscle recovery slows drops off quickly after your run, so recovery 2 days after a run will be significantly slower. A short run (just 1 or 2 miles will work) on a day off has been shown to improve recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Tendons and Ligaments&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are not quite as adaptable as muscles, but providing muscle-bone and bone-bone connections, the running will add stress to them. They will slowly adapt over the course of months, and regular exercises and stretching can help loosen them. Common issues like achilles injuries crop up when training is adjusted too quickly. Tears are unlikely, but even soreness can hang around for weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Bones&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bones can support a volume of stress over time (maybe 20 miles a week of running), but are gradually damaged by repeated use. If you overwhelm your bones, you can have a minor contusion or a fracture, with recovery times from 2 weeks-3 months. With a fracture it is likely you will not run in the marathon you are targeting. The best protection is to slowly build the volume you run each week. Running many days allows you to build high regular volume over the course of training. Many runners will run quite a bit farther (20 miles) in the weeks leading up to the marathon. If your running volume is 25 miles normally, and you run 35 or 40 miles 2 weeks before your marathon, you are much higher risk for a stress injury. By building large regular volume, you can avoid the big jump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Conclusion: Reduced Injury Risk&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, running more regularly reduces injury risk, even if some runs are short. This doesn't mean you will get injured if you run inconsistently. You are also not invincible just because you are consistent. Consistency doesn't protect you from a bad step. But consistency reduces risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T00:38:51.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-11T11:04:26.160" Score="-2" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thomas Müller of Germany was a midfielder in the last World Cup in 2014.&#xA;In this World Cup some news on the Internet claim that Müller will play as a forward. So, what will be his position during the tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T13:56:30.983" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T13:56:30.983" Title="What will be the playing position of Thomas Muller? Will he play as CF?" Tags="|football|world-cup|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-06-11T14:56:12.293" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18552" CreationDate="2018-06-11T12:19:15.210" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer, they do indeed sweep the track, as you can see in the image shown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstocksweepers.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2Fstocks_at_silverstone_2014_img1.jpg&amp;amp;imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstocksweepers.com%2Fhello-world-2%2F&amp;amp;docid=osiBX7N0fQDs4M&amp;amp;tbnid=WOmA0VPWJNGuPM%3A&amp;amp;vet=10ahUKEwi_sv2hxsvbAhVKI8AKHcftDgkQMwhSKAcwBw..i&amp;amp;w=860&amp;amp;h=308&amp;amp;bih=974&amp;amp;biw=1920&amp;amp;q=road%20sweeper%20f1%20circuit&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi_sv2hxsvbAhVKI8AKHcftDgkQMwhSKAcwBw&amp;amp;iact=mrc&amp;amp;uact=8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstocksweepers.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2Fstocks_at_silverstone_2014_img1.jpg&amp;amp;imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstocksweepers.com%2Fhello-world-2%2F&amp;amp;docid=osiBX7N0fQDs4M&amp;amp;tbnid=WOmA0VPWJNGuPM%3A&amp;amp;vet=10ahUKEwi_sv2hxsvbAhVKI8AKHcftDgkQMwhSKAcwBw..i&amp;amp;w=860&amp;amp;h=308&amp;amp;bih=974&amp;amp;biw=1920&amp;amp;q=road%20sweeper%20f1%20circuit&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi_sv2hxsvbAhVKI8AKHcftDgkQMwhSKAcwBw&amp;amp;iact=mrc&amp;amp;uact=8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may not happen just before the race however, as most race weekends have a lot of other races happening, support races, so it isn't always possible to sweep the track just before the F1 race begins.  As you can imagine it is quite a time-consuming process to clean the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll often hear comentators talking about the track being &quot;green&quot; and therefore slippery, this isn't the same as the track being dirty.  Motor racing tracks have a certain &quot;line&quot; that the cars take to get maximum speed, this racing line gets more and more rubber laid down on it as cars pass by, the rubber gives more grip and so cars will go quicker.  If a track isn't used for a while, this rubber is washed away by the rain and generally by weather effects, so the track becomes greener.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some tracks that are only used for races occasionally, ie Montreal, will be very green at the start of the race weekend but &quot;rubber in&quot; over the course of the weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll notice that as well as rubbering in the racing line, modern racing tyres produce something called &quot;marbles&quot; that are in fact small pieces of rubber than fall off the tyres.  These often lie off the racing line where cars don't usually go and so don't get &quot;swept up&quot; by the passing traffic.  These can become very slippery if you go off line and run over them if they accumulate in sufficient number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some tracks, ie Bahrain are prone to dust and sand blowing in etc.  You'll sometimes find if there's been an oil spill on track, they put cement dust on it and then use a road sweeper to clean it up.  They sometimes do this during a race if it's been red flagged etc and for small pieces of debris occasionally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just Google &quot;road sweeper F1 track&quot; for more images of this type of thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T12:19:15.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18557" CreationDate="2018-06-11T12:29:32.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;He mainly plays center forward or right winger, although he is often listed as striker. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/thomas-muller/profil/spieler/58358&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His last games for Germany he played midfielder as well with Timo Werner or Mario Gomez being the only striker (for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3023575&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/2959076&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty safe to assume that he'll play on that position in the World Cup as well, but who knows what Joachim Löw got up his sleeve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T12:29:32.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18560" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18565" CreationDate="2018-06-11T18:14:17.463" Score="1" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, can a bowler start his run-up to the delivery before the batsman takes his stance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15449" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T19:07:26.993" Title="When can a bowler start his run up?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-06-14T01:54:56.020" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2018-06-11T21:55:09.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia also switched for better competition.  Against OFC minnows, their best players often didn't show up for national team games.  They wouldn't leave their club teams for national team games, which meant the team lacked cohesion come those playoff games.  With tougher Asian competition (especially Japan, South Korea, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia), they play together more often and have to play better to qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15451" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T21:55:09.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26371" CreationDate="2018-06-11T22:12:33.537" Score="0" ViewCount="5985" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find a resource to answer this question.  Looking for the size of the basketball used by boys in the 7th/8th grade by state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;28.5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ohio&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;29.5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;West Virginia&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Indiana&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Michigan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="821" LastEditorUserId="821" LastEditDate="2018-06-12T21:38:18.753" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T15:53:43.827" Title="Size of basketball used by 7th/8th grade boys per state" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18563" CreationDate="2018-06-12T17:34:45.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ebay.com/itm/Spalding-TF-1000-Legacy-Indoor-Basketball-OFFICIAL-29-5-/192014907898&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ebay listing&lt;/a&gt; says the 28.5&quot; Spalding-1000 is the official size for women and boys 12 and under.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I'm having trouble finding records for many states, so far I've found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alabama &amp;amp; Alaska use NFHS rules, but don't specify ball size for Junior High. Probably 29.5&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.5&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://image.aausports.org/handbooks/boys_basketball/2017_Handbook_11_07_16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arizona&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="15444" LastEditDate="2018-06-12T22:24:03.580" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T22:24:03.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18560" CreationDate="2018-06-12T17:40:15.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentially, it is a batter's responsibility to be in stance when the bowler starts his run up. If not, he will get a warning, and potentially a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_and_unfair_play#Time_wasting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; on fair play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In normal circumstances the striker should always be ready to take&#xA;  strike when the bowler is ready to start his run up. If he wastes&#xA;  time, in the first instance the batsman is warned by the umpire. That&#xA;  warning applies to the batting team as a whole and each incoming&#xA;  batsman is informed of that warning. If there is further time wasting&#xA;  by any batsman in that innings, the umpires award the fielding side 5&#xA;  runs and inform the Governing Body so it may consider further&#xA;  disciplinary action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="15449" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T19:07:26.993" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T19:07:26.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16757" CreationDate="2018-06-12T20:38:04.693" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding 1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why didn't cricket players ever start wearing gloves? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I focused on why baseball players began to wear gloves, because it is a much more answerable question, and can be used to contrast with Cricket history to see what Baseball did and Cricket didn't.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A.G. Spalding, a premier baseball pitcher of the 19th century, a member of the first class of the Baseball Hall of Fame, and eventual founder of the Spalding sporting goods company, claims to have first seen a glove in baseball in 1875, on the hand of Charles C. Waite. Waite had a small flesh colored glove to protect his hand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/baseball.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to Spalding:&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Therefore, I asked Waite about his glove. He confessed that he was a&#xA;  bit ashamed to wear it, but had it on to save his hand. He also&#xA;  admitted that he had chosen a color as inconspicuous as possible,&#xA;  because he didn't care to attract attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He later added:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If anyone wore a padded glove before this date I do not know it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that Charles was certainly ridiculed for wearing a glove, and even took efforts to hide it. It is presumable that a Cricket player would receive the same treatment. Players who used them were viewed as weak. So why did it catch on? Spalding, one of the most popular players in the game, began to use one himself in 1877, and began to sell them from his catalogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Still, it was not until 1877 that I overcame my scruples against&#xA;  joining the 'kid-glove aristocracy' by donning a glove. When I did at&#xA;  last decide to do so, I did not select a flesh-colored glove, but got&#xA;  a black one, and cut out as much of the back as possible to let the&#xA;  air in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Happily, in my case, the presence of a glove did not call out the&#xA;  ridicule that had greeted Waite. I had been playing so long and had&#xA;  become so well known that the innovation seemed rather to evoke&#xA;  sympathy than hilarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It took a famous figure of Baseball, A.G. Spalding, to adopt the practice and sell gloves to make them more mainstream. Perhaps if a prominent cricketer adopted a glove, it would have caught on and silenced the ridicule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding #2 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is fielding in baseball really more liable to lead to finger injuries than cricket fielding?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the answer to this question is yes. In baseball, the goal is roughly to hit the ball as hard as you can, every time you are up to bat. The MLB has recently been tracking &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/statcast/leaderboard#avg-hit-velo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;average exit velocity&lt;/a&gt;. The games best hitters average 90+ mph (144kph!) hits every time they are up to bat. I believe it is a safe assumption that a harder hit ball would be more dangerous to catch and painful even if successfully and properly caught. In cricket, the batsmen, while certainly capable of hitting the ball with fantastic velocity, do not, because the strategy of the game rarely calls for it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket, a ball struck along the ground is considered safe, because you cannot be caught out.  Many balls in cricket are hit along the ground, with little velocity, making it simple and safe to pick up the ball. Occasionally the ball is hit with much greater velocity, whether on the ground or in the air, and these strikes require a great deal of defensive skill to catch for an out or to stop a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a ground ball results in an out &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fangraphs.com/tht/ye-gods-of-babip-an-ode-to-the-ground-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;~75% of the time&lt;/a&gt;(look for ground ball BABIP). The strategy of baseball requires batters to hit the ball on line drives or in the air as often as possible. Hard ground balls are also more common, as a ground ball that does not leave the infield, similar to most dot balls in cricket, would result in a certain out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Great skill is still required of baseball fielders, who have much less margin for error than a cricketer. A single misplayed ball may cost a team a run. In a game where each team averages between 4 and 5 runs per game, a single run can have a huge impact on the game. In cricket, a misplayed ball can sometimes result in a 4, or in very rare cases, a 6. But in a sport where the scores run up in the hundreds, an individual boundary will have less of an effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, due to three factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A prominent baseball figure adopting the (at the time) controversial glove.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The strategy of the games, where baseball calls for more hard hit balls that cause more damage, while cricket has many more slow rolling defensive shots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The increased emphasis on defensive skill in baseball, where a single misplayed ball usually has larger impact on the final score than in cricket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball adopted a glove for all fielders while Cricket did not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T20:38:04.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18551" CreationDate="2018-06-12T23:16:15.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Points are only split among teammates, points divided evenly in TTT:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's helpful to look at the team points &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_UCI_World_Tour#Team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standings&lt;/a&gt; and see that all scores are round numbers, or end in .99, .01, etc. This tells me points are only being split among teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the UCI &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/road/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;, there have been 2 team time trials (TTT) on the UCI World Tour so far in 2018, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/criterium-du-dauphine-2018/stage-3/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Critérium du Dauphiné&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tirreno-adriatico-2018/stage-1/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tirreno-Adriatico&lt;/a&gt;. BMC rider Damiano Caruso scored in both events, and you can see the fractional scoring in his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/road/ranking/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;total&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Caruso scored 8.57 points for a 1st place in Tirreno, and if you look through his team, you will find 6 other people receiving the same, for a total of 60 points across the team. He scored 3.57 points in Dauphiné, 1/7th of 25 points split across the team members who raced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T23:16:15.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22892" CreationDate="2018-06-13T09:40:21.087" Score="4" ViewCount="3392" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skateboarding was approved in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Summer-Games/Games-Tokyo-2020-Olympic-Games/Tokyo-2020-event-programme.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official program&lt;/a&gt; lists two categories: park and street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3SPzD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3SPzD.png&quot; alt=&quot;2020 Olympics Program&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was expecting &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert_skateboarding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;vert&lt;/a&gt; and street. To me, park was the same as street, but in skate parks, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANqsi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANqsi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Skate park&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's the difference? Is park more like bowl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7729" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T13:13:07.687" Title="What's the difference between the two skateboarding categories in the Summer Olympics?" Tags="|terminology|olympics|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18551" CreationDate="2018-06-13T11:25:33.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the relevant excerpt from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/inside-uci/rules-and-regulations/regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCI Regulartions&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/18/23/94/2-ROA-20180301-E-v2_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Part 2 - Road Races&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180613112324/http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/18/23/94/2-ROA-20180301-E-v2_English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;). This supports what was said in the already posted answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Chapter X UCI RANKINGS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  § 1 Elite and Under 23 Men’s UCI World Ranking&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&#xA;  Scale of points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2.10.008 General provisions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For team time trial events and stages the points on the scale shall be awarded to the team. These points shall be divided equally between the riders finishing the event or the stage. Calculations shall be rounded to a hundredth of a point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T11:25:33.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18573" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-06-13T12:04:46.770" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T12:04:46.770" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T12:04:46.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18574" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-06-13T12:04:46.770" Score="0" Body="Questions about the MMA promotion of UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T00:33:14.687" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T00:33:14.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18577" CreationDate="2018-06-13T12:30:25.403" Score="1" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;p&gt;It says on page 3 (3rd bullet point) of &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/293/092810_310517_LotG_17_18_LAW12.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this pdf document&lt;/a&gt; provided by IFAB that impeding the progress of an opponent with contact leads to DFK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJcR7CNMdQc&amp;amp;t=42m59s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; on the Laws of the Game which appears to be provided by FIFA states that an IFK is awarded if a player impedes the progress of an opponent, meanwhile the footage shows clear contact by the defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The video is much older than the IFAB document, so maybe the inconsistency is the result of recent amendments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I can't be sure, because another interpretation that comes to my mind is that the restart after an impeding offence depends on whether the nature of the contact in itself was the offence, or whether it was only the positioning of the offender from which contact naturally resulted and would not be considered part of the offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14677" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T17:56:29.363" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T21:57:09.697" Title="Impeding an opponent with contact : IFK or DFK ? (association football)" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18576" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-13T14:42:31.920" Score="2" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing table tennis the other day. Little did I know at the time, my rubber was slowly coming off with every stroke of my paddle.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When I was about to close out the game, I attempted to smash but twice my balls died on the return and didn't clear the net. Knowing this was unusual, I checked out my paddle and saw a quarter of my rubber detached from my paddle with a slight tear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has happened during practice, but never during the heat of the moment. I'm considering replacing my paddle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a foolproof way to prevent this?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Would a higher quality rubber/paddle prevent this problem from occurring in the future?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15462" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-18T16:04:58.317" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T16:04:58.317" Title="How can I prevent my table tennis paddle's rubber to come off?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18575" CreationDate="2018-06-13T17:15:18.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;impedes an opponent with contact&quot; foul was added into the 2016 version of the Laws of the Game. It is to clarify that the foul should be a DFK if contact is made while a player is impeding an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T17:15:18.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18578" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-13T18:57:51.503" Score="1" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a lot of talk about an appeal play for a missed base with or without runners on base. The problem is no one is talking about the what the batter is credited with. In our case with 2 outs and a runner on first, the batter hits what at first is a triple with the runner scoring. The second baseman calls for an appeal as he feels the runner (not the batter) missed second. The umpire agrees and the runner is ruled out, the run taken away from the offensive team.  The only question is what is the batter credited with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If the situation differs between baseball and softball, please include those differences in any answers)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T22:55:13.480" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T22:55:13.480" Title="Does a batter lose RBI credit for a runner's missed base?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|scoring|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17665" CreationDate="2018-06-13T19:35:31.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Officially, the game is not over if the 8-ball is not sunk, and the opposition player gets to shoot next. However, this varies significantly between regions, and in many locations the game will end. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-ball#Pocketing_the_8_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player knocks the 8 ball off the table then the player loses the game. If the player pockets the 8 ball and commits a foul or pockets it into another pocket than the one designated then the player loses the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise (i.e., if the 8 ball is neither pocketed nor knocked off the table) the shooter's turn is simply over, even if a foul occurs. In short, a World Standardized Rules game of eight-ball, like a game of nine-ball, is not over until the &amp;quot;money ball&amp;quot; is no longer on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T19:58:46.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18581" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-14T04:30:05.630" Score="7" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA is going to use Video Assistant Review &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_assistant_referee#Procedure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;VAR&lt;/a&gt; in the Russia 2018 World Cup. This is is the first time it's going to get used in a major tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under this new rule there are 4 reviewable actions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalties&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Direct Red Cards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mistaken Identities&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to reviewing any of the actions, does a team have to challenge or argue a call, or is it the referee itself triggering the event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also when reviewing goals, how far back in time would the referee or the video assistant referees go? The answer to this can be straight forward if the goal was actually offside and shouldn't have counted. But what if there was a foul or another offside that wasn't called earlier on before the last time the ball was stopped?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T05:56:13.770" Title="Use of Video Assistant Review (VAR) in FIFA World Cup 2018" Tags="|football|world-cup|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18581" CreationDate="2018-06-14T05:56:13.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video assistant referee team (VART) constantly checks all play for any of the four situations, and searches for clear and obvious errors in such a case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each member of the VART has a particular role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The VAR leads the VART and is in communication with the referee at all times and performs the main review of each incident, via two screens showing five different camera perspectives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first assistant VAR (AVAR1) keeps track of live play while the VAR is reviewing an incident.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second assistant VAR (AVAR2) checks actual and potential offside situations to pre-empt a review of those cases via two camera perspectives (one in each half) and a 3D computer-aided offside line display.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third assistant VAR (AVAR3) supports the VAR, communication between VAR and AVAR2, and tracks the TV programme or broadcast feed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an incident is identified that may require intervention by a VAR review, they communicate by radio to inform the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That referee then has two choices, determined by criteria that all the officials are briefed on: change the decision based on VAR information, or perform their own review with a special monitor at the side of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are signalled with the official VAR review signal, followed by either an immediate decision or the on-field review. They may also delay a restart to communicate with the VAR - this is not an official review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;All information summarised from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/innovations/var-at-the-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA VAR information website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T05:56:13.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18585" CreationDate="2018-06-14T15:00:26.893" Score="7" ViewCount="2092" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the start of the World Cup today, I wanted to compile a list of how to say &quot;goal&quot; (event of scoring, not the target) &lt;strong&gt;in every language of the 2018 World Cup participating countries&lt;/strong&gt;. As in many languages it's just a goal, I'm mainly interested in countries which use different word for goal or spell it differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15471" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-22T14:11:32.663" LastActivityDate="2018-11-14T20:35:59.577" Title="Are there any languages where people use a different word for goal?" Tags="|football|terminology|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18584" CreationDate="2018-06-14T15:02:27.523" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arabic (Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Egypt): هدف [pronounced as &quot;hadaf&quot;], Gol&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Catalan (Spain, France): Gol&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Croatian (Croatia): Gol, Cilj&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Danish (Denmark): Mål&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Darija (Morocco): Bite&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dutch (Belgium): Doelpunt, Goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;English (Australia, England, Nigeria*): Goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;French (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Senegal*): But&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;German (Germany, Switzerland, Belgium): Tor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Icelandic (Iceland): Mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italian (Switzerland): Gol&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Japanese (Japan):ゴール [gōru]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Korean (South Korea):골 [gol]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Persian (Iran): گل [pronounced as &quot;gol&quot;], توی دروازه [pronounced as &quot;tooye darvaze&quot;]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Polish (Poland): Gol, Bramka&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portuguese (Brazil): Gol&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portuguese (Portugal): Golo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian (Russia): Гол [Gol]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serbian (Serbia): Гол [gol], Branka&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spanish (Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica,  Mexico, Panama, Peru, Spain, Uruguay): Gol&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Swedish (Sweden): Mål&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wolof (Senegal*):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Could be interesting in countries that have several languages to find if there is another way of saying or writing goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15471" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T12:28:30.373" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T12:28:30.373" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-06-14T15:34:47.050" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18586" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-14T16:06:44.530" Score="6" ViewCount="2074" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might seem like a silly question to a football enthusiastic but how can I tell which team is which in a particular match? I don't know any players, and the jerseys also don't have country names on them. If I don't have access to commentary, it becomes difficult.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any easy way to identify the teams playing a match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T23:38:47.530" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T23:38:47.530" Title="How to identify the teams playing a particular football match?" Tags="|football|media|spectators|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18586" CreationDate="2018-06-14T16:34:16.743" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually the boxscore graphic indicates the colours the teams are wearing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T16:34:16.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18586" CreationDate="2018-06-14T16:34:22.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You tell them appart by their uniform, as you dont know them you could find them online, for example here are the Fifa pages for the two teams playing today. That way you can identify them better when they play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/teams/team/43965/photos/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/teams/team/43965/photos/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/teams/team/43835/photos/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/teams/team/43835/photos/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15471" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T16:34:22.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12017" CreationDate="2018-06-14T18:46:44.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurobasket.com/European-Championships/basketball_2015.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eurobasket page&lt;/a&gt; gives good top level information, and allows you to view stats by team if you go &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurobasket.com/European-Championships/games-schedule.asp?League=1&amp;amp;LName=Div.A&amp;amp;Year=2015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. However, there are no sortable stats freely available on the site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sID/9322/_/2015_EuroBasket_Final_Round/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA archive&lt;/a&gt;, there are sortable player stats, however, they do not include information like heights and weights. Same for this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fibaeurope.com/pageID_pRK-RJ6tI8o0CY-VsrxCA0.compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_2015.roundID_11664.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all I have found. You can pay to get historic stats from the Eurobasket site initially linked, but that doesn't answer the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: There is github code for downloading live stats to analyze in R, but unfortunately not historic ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15444" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T18:46:44.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18578" CreationDate="2018-06-14T20:08:20.937" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see anything here where the fact that it's slowpitch softball (rather than MLB baseball) matters.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were scoring, I'd credit the batter with a triple.  No run was scored, so there is no RBI to award to the batter, nor a run to award to the runner on first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some situations where the actions of the preceding runner affect the ruling of hit for the batter.  They are described in 9.06(b).  But these situations are only where the runner is put out at third or home, suggesting that they ran into an out.  This specific situation does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commentary then says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The official scorer shall not, however, with the exception of the&#xA;  above, determine the value of base-hits by the number of bases&#xA;  advanced by a preceding runner. A batter may deserve a two-base hit&#xA;  even though a preceding runner advances one or no bases; a batter may&#xA;  deserve only a one-base hit even though he reaches second base and a&#xA;  preceding runner advances two bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples then follow that do not involve a runner missing a base.  But by this criteria, I see no reason not to credit the triple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went through the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.playnsa.com/uploads/2018%20NSA%20Slow%20Pitch%20Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NSA Slow Pitch Softball Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, and it doesn't appear to have a section on scorekeeping.  In the absence of that, I'd follow the MLB scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-15T05:31:39.180" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T05:31:39.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18604" CreationDate="2018-06-15T13:57:52.870" Score="2" ViewCount="6186" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that major league baseball players have to wait a relatively long time to field a pop-up. This led me to wonder how high the ball traveled. If one knew how high the ball traveled, one could calculate speed and time approximately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T05:04:23.217" Title="How high does a baseball travel in a major league pop-up?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20306" CreationDate="2018-06-15T15:52:25.327" Score="3" ViewCount="6103" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/2017-18-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt;, on pg. 22, there are the rules for mandatory timeouts, which state: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If neither team has taken a timeout prior to 6:59 of the  period, it shall be mandatory for the Official Scorer to take it at the first dead ball and charge it to the home team. If no subsequent timeouts are taken prior to 2:59, it shall be mandatory for the Official Scorer to take it and charge it to the team not previously charged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the question I have is what happens if both the home and road teams have taken a timeout in the first 5 minutes of a quarter, and there are no other taken timeouts? Certainly, in this case, there is no timeout charged at the first dead ball after the 7:00 mark. Because there are no subsequent timeouts, one of the teams must be charged with a timeout on a dead ball at the 3:00 mark, but which one will be charged with this timeout. Or, would this be scored as an officials's timeout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-15T16:03:16.427" LastActivityDate="2021-01-18T08:35:18.150" Title="NBA mandatory timeout rules" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18586" CreationDate="2018-06-15T17:34:05.117" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes tournament organizers show the team colors near the scoresheet. E.g, during Champions League games this information is shown in the &lt;strong&gt;upper left corner&lt;/strong&gt; of the screen, but it can also depend on the broadcaster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here e.g. the corresponding indicator in the upper left corner shows that Real Madrid players wear white, while Liverpool players are playing in red. The photo is from 2018 Champions League final game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7MhEi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7MhEi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Real Madrid - Liverpool&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/05/26/Karim-Benzema-goal-video-liverpool-real-madrid-champions-league-final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;si.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I guess your question comes from the context of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, in which tournament organizers decided to show the &lt;strong&gt;flags&lt;/strong&gt; of the corresponding national teams instead of the team colors.* Which also makes sense, as national team jersey colors usually represent the colors of their national flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, e.g. it's pretty much obvious that Saudi players wear green (symbolizing their national flag), while Russians are in red-white kits (representing 2 of the 3 colors of their flag).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is not always the case as sometimes teams need to use their secondary kits when facing an opponent with a similar kit (e.g. Portugal and Morocco). Then you should probably listen to the commentary, as commentators announce the team colors several times during a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F1WcC.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F1WcC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Russia - Saudi Arabia&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDY1N-IJOA8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In club competitions there are no flags, so the above method doesn't work. In this case if you know which teams are playing but don't know the team colors and the colors are not depicted on the scoresheet, then keep an eye and ear on fans' reactions of what's happening on the field. If they are cheering when team A controls the ball and booing when team B does it, then the team whose name is on the left hand side of the scoresheet is team A, because home teams are always on the left hand side of the scoresheet and away teams on the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;em&gt;Note: apparently the main broadcasting graphic was showing the team colors as well.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T13:46:08.867" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T13:46:08.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2018-06-15T19:48:36.877" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are seemingly ironclad rules regarding handedness and position. For example, there are no left handed throwing 2B,SS,3B or C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T19:48:36.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18598" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24864" CreationDate="2018-06-15T22:56:17.263" Score="4" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are skateboard tricks like those seen in this video (starting at 13:30) not seen much anymore, at least not with modern boards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kinds of tricks I'm referring to are handstands, hand flips with the board, other fliptricks that aren't based on ollies, style heavy on spins pivots and slides, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/STqE9JXgKJU?t=13m30s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/STqE9JXgKJU?t=13m30s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are modern boards not suitable for these kind of old school tricks and style or have skaters and skating simply changed? If the boards are not suitable, what specifically stops people from getting into this kind of thing? Weight, material, shape and of deck, wheels, trucks, risers, or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15481" LastEditorUserId="15481" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T15:05:53.457" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T18:26:30.820" Title="Why aren't oldschool skateboard tricks seen much today with modern skateboards?" Tags="|equipment|history|technique|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5346" CreationDate="2018-06-16T06:53:52.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting question... From my experience as a table tennis player, I play table tennis more like regular tennis: what I mean by that is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although my game starts with topspin technique - the basis of most strokes in table tennis, I tend to play my strokes using more of my upper arm rather than using more of my wrist. In addition, unlike traditional table tennis techniques, I tend to produce longer strokes - which is more like the type of strokes you would find tennis players using. I also tend to take big cuts at the ball. In addition, I try to use my legs in 2 ways: 1) I use footwork in order to get around the ball in order to be in the optimal position to hit the ball and 2) I use my legs in order to put more power into my shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I did inherit some of the table tennis mechanics. For example, 1) I start low and do a low-to-high motion in order to produce topspin (but I use my shoulder in order to produce a longer - more tennis-like stroke);&#xA;2) I rotate my arm and shoulder back into the ready position after the stroke, and I do it as fast as possible in order to recover for the next shot - Key: I highly doubt a regular tennis player would make a habit of trying to recover this quickly. After all, the shots come back a lot faster in table tennis, because the distance between players is a lot less than on a tennis court - because d = rt -&gt; therefore, t = d/r.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, using my own skills as an example, I believe that some skills which you learn in table tennis do help you in regular tennis. In fact, not only do I believe that I would be able to use some of the principles I have learned from practicing table tennis technique and apply them to other (racquet) sports, such as tennis or pickleball and end up playing better than had you not known the principles of how to build those skills, but I KNOW that I can, because I took those principles of my table tennis skills and I applied them to playing pickleball (keep in mind what I had told you before about how I play table tennis more like regular tennis, so that helped make it a little bit of an easier transition, as well) and I played pickleball A LOT better than I had before I had started playing sport with technique. Therefore, what I proved in this example is: playing pickleball with semi-table tennis/tennis technique &gt; playing pickleball with NO technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind though, that because no two sports are exactly the same (if they were all the same, then there would be no reason to switch, right?!!!), there are so nuances you need to learn for your particular sport - and it may be the exact opposite in another sport. Therefore, you will have to train your brain regarding the differences and to not do what you are used to doing. For example, serving is completely different in all three of these sports. In particular, in tennis you serve by tossing the ball up and meeting it with your racquet high in the air. However, in pickleball, you serve underhand, by meeting the ball with your racquet below the waist.&#xA;Another example, there is no volleying in table tennis, but in tennis and pickleball, you will gave to learn it.&#xA;An additional example is learning to dink the ball in pickleball: there is no such thing in table tennis or even regular tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to answer your answer, yes, to a certain extent, I believe that you can use principles of skills which you learn about for a sport and apply them to (a) different sport(s) if the two sports are close enough (after all, sport science deals with principles, principles which apply universally - for example, how - that is, the proper way - to transfer weight - which can be applied to any sport), with the caveat that you will not be able to use everything you know from the other sport and may even have to change some things you are doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15482" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T06:53:52.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18600" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18601" CreationDate="2018-06-16T08:51:54.560" Score="2" ViewCount="1045" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2011 world cup teams fielded 22 players each and in the 2015 world cup fielded 23 players. &#xA;When was this changed? Is there a reason given by world rugby as to why this decision was made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15483" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T21:00:08.587" Title="When and why did rugby union change the number of reserves?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18600" CreationDate="2018-06-16T18:52:40.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was a change designed to reduce the number of matches which were forced to have uncontested scrums due to not having appropriate players available - rugby union scrummaging is a &lt;em&gt;highly&lt;/em&gt; technical activity, and having players not skilled in it attempt it is not allowed due to the risk of injuries involved if the scrum collapses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20090822203000/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2033086.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The original change to the Laws happened in 2009&lt;/a&gt;. However, at that point the option to allow 23 players, which  had to include 6 front-row players, was an option only for national and cross-border matches. It explicitly did not apply to international matches at that stage, which is why the 2011 World Cup was played with 22 man squads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find the exact date when 23 player squads were allowed in international rugby, but the change had obviously happened by 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T18:52:40.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18631" CreationDate="2018-06-17T05:28:32.777" Score="4" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;Argentina and Nigeria are in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group D&lt;/a&gt; of the 2018 Russia world cup. In Brazil's 2014 world cup these 2 teams were also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the same group&lt;/a&gt; where Argentina lead the group and Nigeria qualified to the round of 16 as the second seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times have national teams played in the same group in back to back world cup tournaments? Please list the teams and the hosts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T16:45:42.117" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T16:45:42.117" Title="Teams in the same group in consecutive World Cups" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18593" CreationDate="2018-06-17T20:52:34.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, if we make a few assumptions, we can get a reasonable estimate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, I'm going to take the time from contact to when it's fielded at 6 seconds -- I got this by taking the video of Hosmer dropping the Bregman popup, which took 24 seconds at 1/4 playback speed; i.e., 6 seconds of real time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, I'm going to disregard air resistance to simplify the physics. From here, we can invoke two elementary physics formulas: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;t = (2*v*sin(theta)) / g&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;h = (v^2*sin(theta)^2) / (2*g)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &lt;code&gt;v&lt;/code&gt; is the exit velocity off the bat, &lt;code&gt;theta&lt;/code&gt; is the launch angle, and &lt;code&gt;g&lt;/code&gt; is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s^2). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rearranging the first equation for v gives &lt;code&gt;v = g*t / (2*sin(theta))&lt;/code&gt;. Now, we can plug that into the second equation. Doing so (after some algebra) gives &lt;code&gt;h = g*t^2 / 8&lt;/code&gt;. Very conveniently, we don't need to know (estimate) the exit velocity or the launch angle. Now, we simply insert our values, which gives &lt;code&gt;h = (9.8 m/s^2) * (6 s)^2 / 8 = 44.1 m&lt;/code&gt;, which is roughly 145 feet. Hence, we can conclude that a popup can go roughly 145 feet high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-06-18T00:00:53.810" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T00:00:53.810" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18593" CreationDate="2018-06-18T06:30:56.173" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if you're looking for an &quot;average&quot; popup or exceptional ones.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A website with some facts on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseballpilgrimages.com/american/tampabay.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tropicana Field&lt;/a&gt; says the height of the &quot;A&quot; ring catwalks ranges from 181 feet in center to 194 feet near home plate.  A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cleveland.com/sports/index.ssf/2008/10/catwalks_make_for_strange_grou.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland.com&lt;/a&gt; piece has similar figures, and also suggests that as of 2008 (representing play over 18 seasons), no one had hit the catwalks at that height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/06/sports/baseball/06catwalks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/a&gt; article states that two players had hit the &quot;A&quot; ring as of 2010, including Jason Kubel at &quot;about 190 feet&quot; high.  Balls could (rarely) be hit higher than this in other locations and wouldn't be noted.  So I'd suggest an upper limit to flies at around 200 feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2018-06-18T16:45:16.210" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T16:45:16.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18606" CreationDate="2018-06-19T03:06:36.940" Score="4" ViewCount="1188" Body="&lt;p&gt;During free kicks at an inclined angle to the goal, goalkeepers usually stand at the far post, not near post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Phiqq.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Phiqq.gif&quot; alt=&quot;CRC -SRB&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ASRomaEN/status/1008344732664295424&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AS Roma Twitter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my experience, usually the attackers will slot the ball into the near post simply because it's easier to do so. The question is why goalkeeper would rather stand further away from the line of attack?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4799" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-19T10:30:56.123" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T13:16:00.283" Title="Why goalkeepers usually don't guard at the near post during free kicks?" Tags="|football|strategy|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18605" CreationDate="2018-06-19T09:27:16.580" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my view as a long-term goalie...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They shoot there, because it's one of the very few options they have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you guard the near post and place the wall for the long post you have to run backwards, if the kicker aims for the long post. A curl shot (a shot with a high arc) would almost be impossible to save from there. Having to run backwards is a huge disadvantage, because you have to rely on your feeling for where the goal actually is when you keep your eyes on the ball. Running in the other direction is easier, because you see the near post when going for the ball. Knowing where exactly you are is important when timing a jump (extra steps cost valuable time and jumping too soon may cause you to not reach far enough).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing would be players like Roberto Carlos who shoot free kicks like cannons and still get spin on them. They would have an easier target, because the closer side is open and the distance they need to cover is smaller making it effectively harder to save it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And last but not least it is easier to shoot over the wall from a higher distance. So having the wall closer to the goal without giving up the minimal distance to the free kick spot makes it harder to score as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-06-19T13:16:00.283" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T13:16:00.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-19T12:58:01.333" Score="1" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching a World Cup game, I noticed how the extra time given at the end of the first half is usually shorter than the extra time given at the end of the second half. That led me to wonder what was the longest extra time awarded at a football game, and after some reasearch I found this Bristol City game in 2000-2001 in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/nov/29/theknowledge.sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Guardian article&lt;/a&gt;, where apparently 23 minutes of extra time were added:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;When Brentford played away at Bristol City in 2000-01, there were about 23 minutes of stoppage time in the first-half alone after a broken leg, a dislocated shoulder (Bees striker Lloyd Owusu passed out from the pain and an ambulance had to be driven up to the pitch), and serious concussion caused the delay,&quot; noted Will. &quot;In fact, two goals were scored in that first-half injury-time, with the second being clocked in the 67th minute, I believe. The fourth official had originally held up 13 minutes' stoppage time, but one of the injuries occurred in that period to bump it up to 23. I'd be surprised if there were many games that contained more added-on time!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the longest extra time ever given during a professional football game? And if it isn't, &lt;strong&gt;what is the longest extra time period ever given during a professional football game&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T12:58:01.333" Title="How long was the longest given extra time in a half in football?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-06-20T16:49:38.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18609" CreationDate="2018-06-19T20:29:06.730" Score="5" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;This week the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Queen%27s_Club_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;London Queen's Club tourney&lt;/a&gt; is taking place, the round of 32 started on Monday June 18th 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stan Wawrinka is currently ranked ATP #261, and Andy Murry is ranked ATP# 156&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2018/311/mds.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Draw (PDF)&lt;/a&gt; the &quot;Last Direct Acceptance&quot; is Ryan Harison with ATP #59 rank.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are Wawrinka and Murray allowed to play without a wildcard if their ATP ranking isn't high enough? They also don't marked as PR (Protected Ranking).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14057" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T08:14:00.483" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T08:14:00.483" Title="Why are Wawrinka and Murray allowed to play in Queen's without wildcard?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18608" CreationDate="2018-06-20T12:43:33.440" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;To enter a tournament at the ATP level the ranking 6 weeks before the Monday of the week of the tournament is relevant. Therefore, for Queen's the ranking of 07.05.2018 is relevant. At that time Murray was ranked #39 and Wawrinka was ranked #25, both good enough to get directly accepted into the main draw. See the entry list &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.menstennisforums.com/6368-fever-tree-championships/943762-london-queens-club-entry-list.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;em&gt;7.13 Selection of Entries / A. Singles Main Draw / 1) Direct Acceptances.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Direct acceptances are players accepted directly in the draw by virtue&#xA;  of their position in the ATP Rankings or by their protected ranking&#xA;  position (singles). The list to be used for ATP World Tour tournaments&#xA;  shall be dated approximately forty-two (42) days prior to the Monday&#xA;  of the (first) tournament week and twenty-one (21) days prior to the&#xA;  Monday of the tournament week for ATP Challenger Tour tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T12:43:33.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16866" CreationDate="2018-06-20T13:09:24.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For male players (only champions that played 7 full matches (no retirements or walkovers) are considered). data is by &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jeff Sackmann&lt;/a&gt;, but it's not entirely complete. Time (last column) is in minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;tourney_date,tourney_name,winner_name,fulltime&#xA;2006-06-26,Wimbledon,Roger Federer,729&#xA;2003-06-23,Wimbledon,Roger Federer,745&#xA;1996-06-24,Wimbledon,Richard Krajicek,748&#xA;2004-06-21,Wimbledon,Roger Federer,753&#xA;2004-01-19,Australian Open,Roger Federer,780&#xA;1996-05-27,Roland Garros,Yevgeny Kafelnikov,786&#xA;2007-01-15,Australian Open,Roger Federer,799&#xA;1997-06-23,Wimbledon,Pete Sampras,804&#xA;1998-06-22,Wimbledon,Pete Sampras,820&#xA;2005-06-20,Wimbledon,Roger Federer,822&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T13:09:24.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="810" CreationDate="2018-06-20T15:02:06.197" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2011/Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; and it is called a half swing.  In the index it is listed as checked swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 9.02(c)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The manager or the catcher may request the plate umpire to ask his&#xA;  partner for help on a half swing when the plate umpire calls the pitch&#xA;  a ball, but not when the pitch is called a strike. The manager may not&#xA;  complain that the umpire made an improper call, but only that he did&#xA;  not ask his partner for help. Field umpires must be alerted to the&#xA;  request from the plate umpire and quickly respond. Managers may not&#xA;  protest the call of a ball or strike on the pretense they are asking&#xA;  for information about a half swing.  Appeals on a half swing may be&#xA;  made only on the call of ball and when asked to appeal, the home plate&#xA;  umpire must refer to a base umpire for his judgment on the half swing.&#xA;  Should the base umpire call the pitch a strike, the strike call shall&#xA;  prevail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crossing base line seems to be the common interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="10789" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T22:22:47.780" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T22:22:47.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18614" CreationDate="2018-06-20T20:24:16.653" Score="0" ViewCount="1560" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the movie &quot;Major League&quot; with my wife when she asked about the absence of the dugout railings. She assumed it was for the movie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I explained that they were added fairly recently (early 90s perhaps) but can't find anything to confirm this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When were dugout railings first used in the MLB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8864" LastEditorUserId="8864" LastEditDate="2018-06-21T11:58:35.677" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T17:11:18.340" Title="When were dugout railings added in MLB?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18613" CreationDate="2018-06-20T23:15:31.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://angelswinblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/where-are-they-now-mo-vaughn.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;blog&lt;/a&gt; about the Angels suggests that fences were added to dugouts shortly after Mo Vaughn's 1999 injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It should be noted that after Vaughn’s opening day tumble, many&#xA;  stadiums around Major League Baseball put fences in front of their&#xA;  dugouts to avoid any future injuries of this nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-05-12/sports/0205120214_1_major-league-baseball-major-league-dugouts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/a&gt; article mentions that the process was underway, but not complete league-wide in 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some teams have put up fences or netting in front of dugouts to&#xA;  protect their players...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2018-06-21T05:09:53.580" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T05:09:53.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18618" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-21T18:56:16.063" Score="4" ViewCount="649" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/95Vmu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;an outline map of Russia showing 2018 World Cup stadiums and major airports near each one&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This map shows that most of Russia has no World Cup stadium nearby, especially the central and eastern regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12610" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T11:20:05.450" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T12:00:46.783" Title="Why aren't Russian World Cup venues spread proportionately?" Tags="|football|world-cup|venues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18619" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-21T19:01:19.857" Score="3" ViewCount="1320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have observed this time again that a country starts building new stadiums whenever they are elected for hosting a FIFA World Cup. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why don't they have sufficient stadiums already given that they certainly have domestic leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If they don't have sufficient stadiums already, why are they elected to host a world cup?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note.&lt;/strong&gt;  I am not talking about renovating the old ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12610" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-22T19:29:06.510" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T07:57:26.803" Title="Why do countries start to build stadiums after getting elected to host FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|finances|fifa|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18624" CreationDate="2018-06-21T19:05:02.033" Score="3" ViewCount="16261" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russia is using several &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businessinsider.com/2018-world-cup-stadiums-in-russia-from-space-satellite-images-2018-6#kaliningrad-stadium-kaliningrad-9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;arenas and stadiums&lt;/a&gt; to host matches at the 2018 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;arena&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stadium&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12610" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-06-22T02:10:15.450" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T02:10:15.450" Title="What is the difference between an arena and a stadium?" Tags="|terminology|venues|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18618" CreationDate="2018-06-21T19:25:04.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The venues pretty accurately represent where people actually live in Russia. I can't find a map with appropriate licensing which I can upload here, but there are some good maps in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-is-the-population-distributed-in-Russia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Quora question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T19:25:04.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18620" CreationDate="2018-06-21T19:44:18.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A trend is noted (for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;) that &lt;em&gt;arena&lt;/em&gt; tends to describe a smaller space with frequent non-sporting usage, much more likely to be roofed, while &lt;em&gt;stadium&lt;/em&gt; describes larger spaces with little or no non-sporting usage, often roofless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are venues that look like most &quot;arenas&quot; which are named &quot;stadium&quot; and vice versa. The only real difference appears to be the name itself, and that is more of a marketing keyword as to the type of events held at the venue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T19:44:18.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18548" CreationDate="2018-06-21T19:48:38.627" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the rugby international between England Women and Canada Women held on Friday 17th November 2017, England beat Canada 79 - 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of England's 13 tries, 9 were scored by 3 players who were making their debut.&#xA;They were -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jess Breach scoring 6 tries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Abby Dow scoring 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ellie Kildunne scoring 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Match report &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/nov/17/england-canada-womens-rugby-union-international&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6399" LastEditorUserId="6399" LastEditDate="2021-06-13T07:21:19.733" LastActivityDate="2021-06-13T07:21:19.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18620" CreationDate="2018-06-22T00:45:37.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In North America smaller venues are called arenas. Ice hockey, and basketball games are played in arenas where there's usually no more than 20000 seats, while baseball and American football are played in stadiums with no roof an much bigger seating capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, bigger venues can also be called arenas. I've also noticed that the arenas of stadium size are often in circular or oval shape, examples are Ekaterinburg and Kazan arena from the link in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T00:45:37.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18618" CreationDate="2018-06-22T05:22:15.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt; (link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_FIFA_World_Cup&amp;amp;oldid=846994526&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) mentions that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All of the stadium venues are in or just near European Russia to keep travel time manageable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russia proposed the following host cities: Kaliningrad, Kazan, Krasnodar, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Saransk, Sochi, Volgograd, Yaroslavl, and Yekaterinburg.&lt;sup&gt;[44]&lt;/sup&gt; All the cities are in or just outside European Russia to reduce travel time for the teams in the huge country. The bid evaluation report stated: &quot;The Russian bid proposes 13 host cities and 16 stadiums, thus exceeding FIFA's minimum requirement. Three of the 16 stadiums would be renovated, and 13 would be newly constructed.&quot;&lt;sup&gt;[45]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The references given in the Wikipedia article are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[44] &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/33/74/52/b5ruse.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup Bid Evaluation Report: Russia&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20110430035644/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/33/74/52/b5ruse.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[45] &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20140809164003/http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=sports%2Frussia-host-next-fifa-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russia to host next FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. Dailynews.lk. (The link is to an archived version, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=sports/russia-host-next-fifa-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the original link&lt;/a&gt; does not seem to work now.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T11:50:57.827" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T11:50:57.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18619" CreationDate="2018-06-22T07:34:53.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the viewpoint of FIFA, they are not interested in how much it would cost, since most of the money comes from the country that organizes it. They are interested primarily in the possible revenue the world cup would generate. Ethical reasons are also a factor (with the abysmal working conditions of the construction sites in Qatar, but they weren't known at the time of the host selection), so don't expect any world cup in Venezuela or North Korea in the following decades (in the case that they would even want that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the viewpoint of the organizing country, the reason they want to host the world cup isn't financial. Almost no world cup (or any major sporting event) will generate a profit, and if they do, it will be relatively small. Big sporting events (like the Olympics, which is notorious for the high cost) always have fewer countries that want to host it. The main reasons are mostly prestige and geo-political influence (in the case of Russia).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some sources to back up that big sport events don't make a profit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_the_Olympic_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cost of the Olympic Games - wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/hosting-the-olympics-is-a-terrible-investment/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hosting The Olympics Is A Terrible Investment - fivethirtyeight.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_the_FIFA_World_Cup#2018/2022_World_Cup_winning_bids&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Economics of the FIFA World Cup - wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/06/02/why-countries-that-fight-to-host-the-world-cup-are-wasting-their-time/?noredirect=on&amp;amp;utm_term=.70c23191012a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why countries that fight to host the World Cup are wasting their time - washingtonpost.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that they are often building new stadiums is that they don't have enough big stadiums to host an event like this. They do have domestic leagues, but there doesn't exist a domestic league that has enough spectators to justify it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since prestige is one of the main targets of the host country, and the construction costs aren't relevant, they mostly opt to build a brand-new fancy stadium, instead of simply renovating their old ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TLDR: They destroy old stadiums because they are old or ugly and replace them with newer fancier stadiums.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T07:57:26.803" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T07:57:26.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18602" CreationDate="2018-06-22T08:52:28.950" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 1950&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Switzerland 1954&lt;/a&gt;: Brazil, Yugoslavia and Mexico&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Switzerland 1954&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sweden 1958&lt;/a&gt;: France and Yugoslavia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chile 1962&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England 1966&lt;/a&gt;: Switzerland and West-Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chile 1962&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;England 1966&lt;/a&gt;: Hungary and Bulgaria&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mexico 1970&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West-Germany 1974&lt;/a&gt;: Sweden and Uruguay&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West-Germany 1974&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Argentina 1978&lt;/a&gt;: Italy and Argentina&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spain 1982&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mexico 1986&lt;/a&gt;: Spain and Northern Ireland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy 1990&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA 1994&lt;/a&gt;: Cameroon and Soviet-Union/Russia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy 1990&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA 1994&lt;/a&gt;: Spain and South Korea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA 1994&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France 1998&lt;/a&gt;: Nigeria and Bulgaria&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA 1994&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France 1998&lt;/a&gt;: Netherlands and Belgium&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France 1998&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Korea and Japan 2002&lt;/a&gt;: France and Denmark&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France 1998&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Korea and Japan 2002&lt;/a&gt;: Spain and Paraguay&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Korea and Japan 2002&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany 2006&lt;/a&gt;: Sweden and England&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_H&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa 2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt;: Chile and Spain&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_H&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa 2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt;: Switzerland and Honduras&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa 2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt;: Argentina and Nigeria&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;South Africa 2010&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_G&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt;: Germany and Ghana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russia 2018&lt;/a&gt;: Argentina and Nigeria&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2014&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_H&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russia 2018&lt;/a&gt;: Colombia and Japan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I believe this is a full list, but I might have missed a few. Feel free to edit the post if this is the case.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A list of fun facts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West-Germany and Switzerland, and Belgium and the Netherlands are the only neighboring countries who have had this happen.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If Nigeria would have qualified for the 2006 World Cup and were drawn in the same group as Argentina, they would be in the same group for five consecutive editions (they were both drawn in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group F&lt;/a&gt; in 2002)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastEditorUserId="15514" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T07:47:54.530" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T07:47:54.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-06-22T09:09:18.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it will be allowed. There is no rule specifying that the ball must not exceed a certain height while dribbling or that the ball mustn't bounce for more than one time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the the angle at which the ball bounces is not important, it is the position of the hand on the ball. According to FIBA rules, you are even allowed to start your dribble by throwing the ball over the defender, sprinting past him, and continue dribbling with the ball afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T09:09:18.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15659" CreationDate="2018-06-23T02:13:37.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A four-point play usually refers to when a &lt;strong&gt;single player&lt;/strong&gt; scores four points on a &lt;strong&gt;single possession&lt;/strong&gt;. We may thus analogously define a five-point play as when a &lt;strong&gt;single player&lt;/strong&gt; scores five points on a &lt;strong&gt;single possession&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this definition, a five-point play can only arise in tandem with technical or flagrant fouls. (And indeed, with the aid of technical and flagrant fouls, it is, by my reckoning, possible to have a &lt;strong&gt;66-point play&lt;/strong&gt;. See the end of this answer for my calculations.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Harvey Pollack,† there have &lt;strong&gt;only ever been two five-point plays&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;1. Kobe Bryant, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/pbp/200303200SAC.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LAL @ SAC, 2003-03-20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q4, 8:28.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jacksji01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Jackson&lt;/a&gt; fouls Bryant on a made three-pointer (+3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jackson is assessed a technical foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bryant makes the technical free throw (+1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bryant then makes the free throw for the foul (+1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;2. Dell Curry, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/199501110CHH.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MIN @ CHH, 1995-01-11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play-by-play data are not available that far back, but Googling you can find some newspaper reports on this. For example, from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/George-Karl-Says-Nellie-Will-Quit-3048708.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;SF Gate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MInnesota guard J.R. Rider, of Alameda, relentlessly taunted Charlotte sharpshooter Dell Curry throughout a recent game, then fouled Curry on a 3-pointer, and on top of that, got a technical for complaining, creating a five-point play for Charlotte. Said Curry of Rider, &quot;He's stupid.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we use the broader definition where a five-point play is whenever a &lt;strong&gt;team&lt;/strong&gt; scores five points in a single possession, then there have been somewhat more instances. In addition to @SteveJackson's two examples, we have more recently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/pbp/201602020NYK.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BOS @ NYK, 2016-02-02&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q1, 7:27. Carmelo Anthony commits Flagrant One Foul on Jae Crowder, who makes both free throws (+2). A technical foul is called on NYK (on the coach Derek Fisher, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://nesn.com/2016/02/celtics-score-five-points-in-one-possession-thanks-to-bizarre-sequence-video/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NESN&lt;/a&gt;) — Isaiah Thomas makes free throw (+1). Then Jae Crowder makes jumper (+2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By NBA Official Rules 7 Sec. II:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(f) Team possession ends when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) The ball hits the rim of the offensive team&#xA;  (2) The opponent gains possession. and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so by (1), a possession ends even when a team gets an offensive rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by this definition, Kyrie Irving's five consecutive points on 2017-11-13, Q4, 4:17, (OKC @ BOS) does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; count as a 5-point play. (He was fouled by Westbrook on a made three-pointer, missed the free throw, caught his own rebound, then made a two-pointer.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note though that many folks in the &quot;analytics&quot; business consider it to be the same possession even after an offensive rebound. This probably makes sense for the purpose of &quot;analytics&quot;, but is not how possessions are counted according to the official NBA rules.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;†2010-2011 &lt;em&gt;Harvey Pollack NBA Statistical Yearbook&lt;/em&gt; (p. 336), which in turn quotes Dennis D'Agostino.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;66-point play&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a single possession, each active player (max 12) can get a Flagrant One foul plus two technicals before being ejected. That generates 4 FTs each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each inactive player (max 3), each coach (max 3), and each trainer (one) can get two technicals before being ejected (see Rule 3, Section IV, d; and Rule 12, Section V, b). That generates 2 FTs each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Altogether then, within a single play, we can have as many as 4 × 12 + 2 × (3 + 3 + 1) = 62 Flagrant One and Technical FTs. Add that to your &quot;regular&quot; four-point play and in theory, we can have as much as a &lt;strong&gt;66-point play&lt;/strong&gt;, where a &lt;strong&gt;single player&lt;/strong&gt; scores 66 points on a &lt;strong&gt;single possession&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This of course is pretty unlikely. Indeed, I do not know if there has even ever been a 6-point play in the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3564" LastEditorDisplayName="user3564" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T02:19:17.000" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T02:19:17.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18618" CreationDate="2018-06-23T12:00:46.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is due to the population density of Russia. It makes sense that the World Cup matches are taking place in the most inhabited parts of the country rather than in rural regions. The map below shows the number of people per squared kilometers in federal subjects of Russia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dBKFR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dBKFR.png&quot; alt=&quot;Population density of Russia&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on the population density of Russian subjects&lt;/a&gt; (In Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing happened during the World Cup 2014 in Brazil. Most of the World Cup matches were played in the densely inhabited coastal regions of Brazil rather than much less inhabited Amazon basin. Here is the map of Brazilian states by population density (number of people per sq.km.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DlIEt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DlIEt.png&quot; alt=&quot;Population density of Brazil&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_population_density&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on the population density of Brazilian states&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is the location of the stadiums during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. As you can see the location of the sporting venues pretty much corresponds to the population density of the country:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aYiNc.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aYiNc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil World Cup stadiums&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Venues&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on FIFA 2014 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T12:00:46.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18638" CreationDate="2018-06-23T14:54:10.040" Score="2" ViewCount="4051" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the FIFA World Cup this year (2018), you can hear a song being played throughout the stadium as the players walk out of the tunnel onto the field. What song is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9049" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T15:02:49.527" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T14:22:06.577" Title="What is the walk out song World Cup 2018?" Tags="|football|world-cup|media|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18637" CreationDate="2018-06-23T15:09:09.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0J2QdDbelmY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The White Stripes - 'Seven Nation Army'&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T15:09:09.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18639" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18641" CreationDate="2018-06-23T15:13:06.470" Score="4" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was thinking about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group D&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&amp;amp;oldid=847191136&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standings after two matches&lt;/a&gt;) in the world cup this year, and as it stands now, Croatia has a big lead: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;          W T L  pts goal-difference&#xA;Croatia   2-0-0   6        +5  &#xA;Nigeria   1-0-1   3         0  &#xA;Argentina 0-1-1   1        -2&#xA;Iceland   0-1-1   1        -3&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next two matches are Nigeria vs Argentina and Iceland vs Croatia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my mind, Croatia has very little to gain from winning their match. The only team that can tie them in points is Nigeria, but in their next match, Argentina will be playing to win (since they still have a chance to take second in the group), so Nigeria probably won't get the goals to take first in the group on a tie-break based on goal difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my mind, the best strategy for Croatia here is to play to avoid injuries and cards so that all of the players start the knockout phase fresh, even if that means benching the key starters and losing the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything that prevents Croatia from using this strategy, or is this common in the World Cup? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15524" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T15:31:51.217" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T15:50:55.590" Title="Why try in a match after your team is guaranteed to pass the group stage" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18639" CreationDate="2018-06-23T15:44:56.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that Croatian team can choose to do so and nothing prevents them from giving chance to players who don't appear often in the starting lineups of Croatian team to play in the last match of the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, in order for Croatia to finish second, they need to lose to Iceland with a goal difference of at least 2 or 3 while Nigeria win over Argentina with a goal difference of at least 3 or 2. Besides that, in the case of equal points and equal goal difference, Nigeria still has to have more goals scored or otherwise they will finish second as they lost in the head-to-head match against Croatians. So, Croatians are in a very comfortable position and can choose to do so and here are the main factors which will affect the coach's decision on the next matchday lineup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There's still a risk to face the winners of group C (favorites France most probably) instead of Denmark or Australia if they somehow finish second.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;World Cup is a unique tournament, in which all players (including usual starters) want to participate in every match no matter the importance of the result of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Injuries and the rest time, which have already been mentioned in the question. Croatian's Round 3 game will take place 5 days after their Round 2 game. And their Round of 16 game will take place 4 or 5 days after their Round 3 game. This is a little bit dense graphic with training sessions in between, so some rest for key players is very important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another minor fact would be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/worldcup/croatia-world-cup-nikola-kalinic-1.4710817&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;removal&lt;/a&gt; of the first choice substitution center-forward Nikola Kalinić from the squad, so some rest for other forwards like Rebic or Mandžukić is inevitable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T15:50:55.590" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T15:50:55.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18642" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18670" CreationDate="2018-06-23T19:16:29.010" Score="2" ViewCount="1927" Body="&lt;p&gt;In association football, after a foul, the referee lets play continue but the team benefiting from the advantage immediately stop playing anyway, either because they would rather have a free kick or because they knew it was a foul and anticipated. This happened to me as a ref.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the referee award the initial free kick, or are players not allowed to decline advantage given by the referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14677" LastEditorUserId="14677" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T12:22:30.453" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T12:22:30.453" Title="Can a player decline advantage after a foul?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18642" CreationDate="2018-06-23T19:55:03.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Advantage can only be attained if it benefits the non-offending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case where a foul is made by Team A and the players of Team B have a chance to develop play, if Team B were to stop playing the ball (or in the extreme cases, kick it directly out or to an opponent on Team A) an aware referee will not claim this to be advantage given, and award the free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T19:55:03.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18713" CreationDate="2018-06-23T20:09:52.190" Score="5" ViewCount="6630" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/innovations/var-at-the-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VAR&lt;/a&gt; (Video Assistant Referee) is being implemented in the World Cup 2018. Sometimes, an action occurs (e.g. a penalty), but the referee does not think in the first instance that it does so. Then, as the game continues, the referees at the VAR room tell the referee in the field that there was actually a penalty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, imagine that as the ball is in play, and the VAR is being reviewed, one of the teams scores. If then the VAR considers there was a penalty, would the goal that just happened be reversed? The website linked above does not mention this particular (and yes, very unlikely) case.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T20:13:14.733" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T02:18:35.583" Title="What if goal happens whilst a penalty VAR review is in process?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|world-cup|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18645" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18646" CreationDate="2018-06-23T20:54:53.460" Score="3" ViewCount="9981" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does 0-0-1 and 1-0-0 mean in this notation for two teams at a tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Germany (0-0-1, 0 points) vs. Sweden (1-0-0, 3 points)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9858" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T02:30:08.693" LastActivityDate="2021-10-10T02:02:10.777" Title="What does this three-number notation mean in football?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18645" CreationDate="2018-06-23T20:58:25.620" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In association football, people usually denote first number of wins, then number of draws, and then number of losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in this case it means 0 wins, 0 draws, 1 loss for Germany and 1 win, 0 draws, 0 losses for Sweden. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T20:58:25.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18644" CreationDate="2018-06-24T02:38:19.310" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the goal was scored by the team who should be awarded a penalty, the goal should be awarded. This is standard officiating practice in the case of an advantage to the attacking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the goal was scored by the team who committed the foul and should concede the penalty, the section of play is likely to be ignored and the penalty given, as this would be significant gain from their own offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that it is extremely unlikely the second case would arise. The assistant referee would probably flag, or the referee would find some reason to stop play, and allow the VAR review to occur at the stoppage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer is based on my personal experience as an official at a high level. Unfortunately, there aren't many publicly accessible documents that pertain to most officiating practise - it's largely &lt;em&gt;ad hoc&lt;/em&gt; discussion and privately held documents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T13:00:54.367" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T13:00:54.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18649" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-24T05:36:41.180" Score="14" ViewCount="4025" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Germany winning 2-1 against Sweden yesterday, the group F qualification scenarios have become complex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the next round of group games, if Germany beat South Korea 1-0, Sweden beat Mexico 1-0. Then Mexico,Sweden and Germany will all have 6 points. Also they will have the same goal difference, goals scored, goals allowed i.e., 3-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that happens which two teams will qualify for the last 16?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15529" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T10:29:24.713" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T10:29:24.713" Title="Fifa World Cup 2018 Group F Qualification Scenarios" Tags="|football|world-cup|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18649" CreationDate="2018-06-24T06:14:45.950" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find list of tiebreakers in Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt; (link to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_FIFA_World_Cup&amp;amp;oldid=847277378#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;). They are specified in Section 32.5 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/2018-fifa-world-cup-russiatm-regulations-2843519.pdf?cloudid=ejmfg94ac7hypl9zmsys&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup Regulations&lt;/a&gt; (link to &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20170712134322/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/84/35/19/regulationsfwc2018en_neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) and on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup site&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180624100823/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;). I have also copied them below. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understood them correctly, this is what happens in the situation described in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you rightly point out, in this scenario the first three tie-breakers (i.e., points, goal difference, goals scored) will not decide anything, since the three teams have exactly the same score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Germany | 3:2 | 6&#xA;Mexico  | 3:2 | 6&#xA;Sweden  | 3:2 | 6&#xA;S.Korea | 1:4 | 0&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next criteria are points, goal difference, goals scored in the matches between the tied teams. So we look only at these matches, which are: GER-MEX 0:1, GER-SWE 2:1, SWE-MEX 1:0. Now if we make table just from these matches we get&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Germany | 2:2 | 3&#xA;Sweden  | 2:2 | 3&#xA;Mexico  | 1:1 | 3&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We see that Germany and Sweden are tied, Mexico is eliminated. So Germany and Sweden advance further, but the group winner is still not decided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next tie-breaker are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F#Discipline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fair-play points&lt;/a&gt; which take into account yellow and red cards. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&amp;amp;oldid=847277044#Discipline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;After two matches&lt;/a&gt; Sweden is ahead of Germany. (Which is not surprising, considering that the Boateng's red card from the match against Sweden is at the moment the only red card in this group.) But this can change after the remaining matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are tied even on fair-play points, then the team who advances further is decided by drawing lots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add that there already are a few related questions (and answers) on this site. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4881&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup 2014 Tie Breaker Rules: “Between the teams concerned”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/15853&quot;&gt;Tie breaking in association football championships&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/916&quot;&gt;Qualification decision in group stages when everything is equal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4964&quot;&gt;How do teams progress to the 2nd stage in case of same points?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only difference between 2014 and 2018 World Cup tie-breakers is the addition of fair-play points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remark.&lt;/strong&gt; The question whether after eliminating Mexico we should apply the same criteria again to the remaining teams - Germany and Sweden - keeps popping up in the comments. It is true that this is often done in groups stage of various competitions. However, it seems that in such cases it is explicitly mentioned in the regulations. (For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Champions_League_group_stage#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-18 UEFA Champions League's tiebreaker rules&lt;/a&gt; explicitly say that: &quot;If more than two teams are tied, and after applying all head-to-head criteria above, a subset of teams are still tied, all head-to-head criteria above are reapplied exclusively to this subset of teams.&quot;) Since here the regulation do not say so, I followed explicitly what is written there and did not apply d), e), f) again to the match between Sweden and Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no problem to admit that the rules are a bit ambiguous. It is not surprising that many other sources discuss the situation and possible scenario. And some of them put Germany ahead on Sweden based on their match. For example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/germany-world-cup-scenarios-tiebreakers-how-the-defending-champs-rest-of-group-f-can-advance/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany World Cup scenarios, tiebreakers: How the defending champs, rest of Group F can advance&lt;/a&gt; (CBS Sports) or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/soccer/comments/8tcknf/if_sweden_beats_mexico_10_and_germany_beats_south/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;If Sweden beats Mexico 1-0 and Germany beats South Korea 1-0 ...&lt;/a&gt; (Reddit), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup/4/blog/post/3535353/world-cup-group-permutations-who-can-qualify-for-the-round-of-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup group permutations: Who can qualify for the Round of 16?&lt;/a&gt; (ESPN).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will also add a link to this page: &lt;a href=&quot;http://webhome.csc.uvic.ca/~haron/FIFA/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://webhome.csc.uvic.ca/~haron/FIFA/index.html&lt;/a&gt; and also &lt;a href=&quot;http://webhome.csc.uvic.ca/~haron/FIFA/scenarios.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://webhome.csc.uvic.ca/~haron/FIFA/scenarios.html&lt;/a&gt; - which also points out some ambiguity in the rules. It seems that the author of the website in fact contacted FIFA in connection with this. (It was during 2010 World Cup, but the rules were similar.) Here is a quote from that page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which one of these two interpretations is correct? When reached via email, the FIFA Media Department replied that &lt;em&gt;There's a three-way tie to break. You do it as a one operation and not in different stages. The teams concerned are always all the teams involved in the tie-break.&lt;/em&gt; In other words, the FIFA Media Department interpreted the teams concerned to be all three teams. However, when Canadian Soccer Association's Director of Referees Joe Guest was presented with this scenario by the Times-Colonist, he interpreted the teams concerned to be USA and England. Thus, the two parites differed on whether USA or England would advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I have mentioned this in comment, but probably it's better to add it to answer so that it is visible a bit better. As pointed out by &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18649/fifa-world-cup-2018-group-f-qualification-scenarios/18664#18664&quot;&gt;Labba's answer&lt;/a&gt;, this is now clarified on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup website&lt;/a&gt; and it explicitly says that in the hypothetical scenario here, the fair-play points would decide between Germany and Sweden. As far as I can tell, this information was not given there at the time when I posted this answer. (Compare the snapshots &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180624100823/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from June 24&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180625164728/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from June 25&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the copy of the relevant section from the 2018 FIFA World Cup Regulations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ranking of each team in each group shall be determined as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  b) goal difference in all group matches;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  g) greater number of points obtained in the fair play conduct of the teams based on yellow and red cards received in all group matches as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   – yellow card: minus 1 point&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   – indirect red card: minus 3 points (as a result of a second yellow card)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   – direct red card: minus 4 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   – yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Only one of the above deductions shall be applied to a player in a single match;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  h) drawing of lots by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T10:38:37.370" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T10:38:37.370" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18657" CreationDate="2018-06-24T06:29:10.290" Score="1" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know are there any official, possibly FIFA, formats and rules of soccer football match that could play without goalkeeper and has each team member on field more than 4 but less than 9 player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the dimension of the field? How the size and shape of the goal should be? How the rules differ from 11v11? Are there any special rules given for the lack of goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15531" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T23:17:46.097" Title="Are there official rules and formats for small side soccer football without goalkeeper?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18651" CreationDate="2018-06-24T16:57:38.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA has no laws for this form of modified game. The closest thing would be futsal which is 5v5 but has many different laws compared to soccer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a league is running a competition in the format you mentioned, they would have to create their own laws, just like leagues do for indoor soccer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T16:57:38.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18642" CreationDate="2018-06-24T17:03:53.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The players have no say in it and the referee is the sole judge of whether to play advantage or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee needs to decide in each instance whether the team who has been fouled will get more out of a free kick or if play continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will rarely see advantage given in a team's defending half as taking a free kick is of greater value to get the ball up the other end of the pitch. Likewise, you rarely see advantage played on fouls around the penalty area (unless there is an immediate opportunity for a shot on goal) as a team would rather setup for a free kick and have their specialist take it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T17:03:53.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18655" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-24T17:10:50.583" Score="1" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Western States 100 race has a qualifying cutoff time for its 100K qualifying races (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wser.org/qualifying-races/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.wser.org/qualifying-races/&lt;/a&gt;) and none for 100 mile races. For 100K races, how do they determine what that qualifying time is? Is it based on past results, an effort computation based on the route, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15536" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T17:10:50.583" Title="How does the Western States 100 choose the qualifying time for 100Ks?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18642" CreationDate="2018-06-24T23:03:25.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 5 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/powers-and-duties-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game: The Referee: 3. Powers and duties&lt;/a&gt; clearly favors the non-offending team:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Advantage allows play to continue when an offence occurs and the&#xA;  non-offending team will benefit from the advantage and &lt;strong&gt;penalises the&#xA;  offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or&#xA;  within a few seconds&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the non-offending team can't benefit from the advantage no matter why within a few seconds, then the referee should penalise the offence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T23:03:25.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18651" CreationDate="2018-06-24T23:17:46.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The list of games descended from association football can be found on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_football#Games_descended_from_The_FA_rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. Seems like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorkyball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jorkyball&lt;/a&gt; kind of fits the question specifications, but at the end it's just a fancy name to a football game played 2 vs 2 on a reduced size pitch with no goalkeepers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no types of football which use no goalkeepers that are governed at the highest level as far as I can tell. The other variations of football that governed by FIFA are: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/futsal/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;futsal&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/beachsoccerworldcup/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beach soccer&lt;/a&gt;. There are also variations for athletes with a physical disability, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.paralympic.org/football-5-side&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;football 5-a-side&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.paralympic.org/football-7-side&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;football 7-a-side&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T23:17:46.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2018-06-25T01:04:18.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As time goes by, things change.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/what-is-var-the-video-assistant-referee-systems-world-cup/19m696jq7onm618n3v9oqs02ab&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Several domestic European leagues have already started using VAR&lt;/a&gt;, including the top ones (e.g, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A and Portuguese Primeira Liga).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA doesn't prevent this at all and actually on the contrary started using it at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/innovations/var-at-the-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 World Cup in Russia&lt;/a&gt;, having previously tested it during the 2017 Confederations Cup.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T20:51:08.687" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T20:51:08.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18586" CreationDate="2018-06-25T08:44:00.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even if you don't know any particular player, you can usually guess which team is which by reading the names of players on their jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, if you were watching Colombia vs Poland, you could have seen names like &quot;Błaszczykowski&quot; and &quot;Lewandowski&quot; on the jerseys of one team, while you would have seen &quot;Falcao&quot; or &quot;Cuadrado&quot; on the other, and you can thus deduce which team is which from that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously this requires that you have some idea of what the languages of those countries look like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9985" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T08:44:00.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18663" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-25T10:19:51.490" Score="1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis, what are the probabilities of winning a player has as a function of sets played?&#xA;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1-0 in a 3 set game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2-1 in a 5 set game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you include psychology (such as winning the last set may give you an edge) and conditional probabilities (the best player may have a better chance of winning the second set than the first) the state is a bit more detailed. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A won the first set in a 3 set game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AB in a 3 set game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;AABB in a 5 set game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you know (a subset of) these statistics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15286" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T13:43:31.363" Title="Probabilities of winning as a function of sets played" Tags="|tennis|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18649" CreationDate="2018-06-25T16:37:41.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the last two matches of Group F really end the way you predict, then you are right in saying that Germany, Mexico and Sweden would all have 6 points, 3 goals for and 2 against. Martin is also right in pointing out that the next criteria that need to be checked are d), e) and f):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though only f) really helps in separating Mexico from the other two teams, considering that they've all earned three points against each other and they have a goal difference of exactly 0 when matches against South Korea aren't counted—but Mexico would have scored one goal less than Germany and Sweden if we only look at the matches played among them, which would put them in third place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what to do now to determine Germany and Sweden's final ranking? Do you re-apply d) and let Germany go first on the basis that they won the head-to-head match on June 23rd? The answer is &lt;strong&gt;NO&lt;/strong&gt;, and the FIFA website itself says so (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tie-breakers for Russia 2018 groups&lt;/a&gt;): criteria d), e) and f) do not have to be re-applied if a subset of teams is still tied after they have been applied once, otherwise the FIFA World Cup regulations would say so as is the case for UEFA tournaments (e.g. the Champions' League). And as you can see, the example they use in that page is pretty much this very case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the next tie-breaker would have to be used to determine whether Germany or Sweden takes first place:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;g) greater number of points obtained in the fair play conduct of the teams based on yellow and red cards received in all group (...);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIFA website even goes as far as pointing out that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With respect to the fair play conduct pursuant to art. 32 (5) lit. g), it is important to note that the fair play conduct will be determined on the basis of all group matches and not only of the fair play conduct in concerned group matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T16:37:41.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18116" CreationDate="2018-06-25T20:53:38.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A catcher may ask the home-plate umpire for a brief visit if he is crossed up on a pitch and the team is out of mound visits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article200911059.html#storylink=cpy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.kansascity.com/sports/mlb/kansas-city-royals/article200911059.html#storylink=cpy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire likely won't call time out if a catcher requests a mound visit, or a manager requests a mound visit, and any rules that require the catcher to take his position and the batter to take his position will be imposed. Not sure if it is in the rules, but likely the umpire will begin calling balls even if the pitcher is not throwing. So there would be no advantage for trying to violate the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15544" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T20:53:38.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-06-26T03:14:44.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can dribble the ball 30 feet high if it makes you feel good.  As long as you don't touch it on the way down and have control and ONE hand touching down on the ball on the way back up, your dribble is still good - and the ball can bounce infinite times (if time allows) in between.  Whether or not you have control, there are elephants under the ball or what not has no bearing on it being legal/illegal.  You could bounced the ball over all 5 members of the other team and slide through their legs, the ball could bounce three times, you are free to resume dribbling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T03:14:44.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18593" CreationDate="2018-06-26T03:29:02.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mike Laga hit a pop fly out of the old Busch Stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyU94Bg2Y-o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyU94Bg2Y-o&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Estimated at around 250 feet high and over 300 in the air to make it completely over the roof.  Not sure I have ever seen a ball hit so high in my life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T03:29:02.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18642" CreationDate="2018-06-26T06:02:24.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other answers quote the relevant section of the Laws. It's not entirely clear from the Laws that advantage is a discretionary decision, but the following from &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2018/LotG_18_19_EN_Practical_Guidelines.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB's practical guidelines&lt;/a&gt; [pdf] clarifies that this is the case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may play advantage whenever an offence occurs but should &#xA;  consider the following in deciding whether to apply the advantage or stop play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the severity of the offence – if the offence warrants a sending-off, the referee &#xA;  must stop play and send off the player unless there is a clear opportunity to &#xA;  score a goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the position where the offence was committed - the closer to the opponent’s &#xA;  goal, the more effective the advantage can be &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the chances of an immediate, promising attack&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the atmosphere of the match &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your specific example, you need to simply decide whether, during the period you were attempting to play advantage, the team ends up in a better position than they would have been if the free kick had been given. Once this benefit occurs there is no going back to the free kick, regardless of whatever happens next. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if a foul occurs near halfway and the ball ends up say 20 metres up field in the possession of a teammate of the fouled player, who has a promising attacking opportunity, they can't simply leave the ball and expect to get the free kick - the anticipated advantage has already ensued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If however, the ball ends up with a player who might be able to do something with it, but at no point do they end up with a better opportunity than the free kick would have provided (i.e. a benefit), if they choose not to play the ball, they're effectively forcing your hand into giving the free kick (which you should go with and simply award).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be very difficult in these situations to avoid double-dipping - where a team ends up in a better position than the free kick, makes a mistake, then attempt to con the referee into giving the original free kick. This should be avoided where possible by not looking for advantages that are never going to occur, or by failing to signal early enough when the advantage actually ensues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T06:02:24.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18367" CreationDate="2018-06-26T12:19:02.743" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Coach_of_the_Year_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Coach of The Year award winners&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;a href=&quot;http://hoopsanalyst.com/?p=1824&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;did not come back&lt;/a&gt; to the team the next season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dwane Casey - Toronto Raptors (17-18)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;George Karl - Denver Nuggets (12-13)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pat Riley - Los Angeles Lakers (89-90)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dolph Schayes - Philadelphia 76ers(65-66)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Casey, and Schayes were fired by their teams. Pat Riley &lt;a href=&quot;http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-11/news/mn-267_1_pat-riley&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;resigned&lt;/a&gt;, it's believe the Lakers were &amp;quot;kind&amp;quot; enough not to embarrass the coach of the year and let him resign. Goerge Karl's contract was up at the end of the season he won the award and the Nuggets did not re-sign him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T14:44:21.043" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T14:44:21.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18672" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18674" CreationDate="2018-06-26T12:32:17.170" Score="1" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why don't they simply start at the top or bottom of the hour; e.g. 7:00, 6:00, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T12:49:38.390" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T12:49:38.390" Title="Why do MLB games start at incremental times; e.g. 7:05, 6:10, etc?" Tags="|mlb|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2018-06-26T12:38:32.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/h/hardeja01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Harden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/7916436/oklahoma-city-thunder-james-harden-wins-nba-sixth-man-year-award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sixth Man: 2011-2012&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/HoustonRockets/status/1011443126576340998&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MVP: 2017-2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15549" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T12:38:32.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18672" CreationDate="2018-06-26T12:44:28.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is done to support telecasts by establishing a pre-game (which teams are playing, presenting any relevant storylines for the teams, etc) and providing opportunities for advertising (ie, commercials).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In media terms, it's a lead-in to the actual start of a game, rather than an abrupt introduction to the first pitch of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15549" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T12:44:28.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18675" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18676" CreationDate="2018-06-26T13:12:58.840" Score="0" ViewCount="15161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand what a defensive foul is. What is the defender allowed to do? Can they not block the offensive player's path with their body? Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZpdJIADtA0&amp;amp;list=PL4CFNnbyCggQE9rvcGoFjLONmmC6o5fJd&amp;amp;index=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;these videos&lt;/a&gt; it seems that the only thing the defensive player can do is to stand in the way of the offensive player without moving? Or can they move only away from the offensive player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any good videos showing what is allowed/disallowed are also appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2109" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-30T01:57:27.660" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T10:54:30.480" Title="What makes a defensive foul in basketball" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18675" CreationDate="2018-06-26T13:24:37.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A personal foul by a defensive player is covered in Section I of Rule 12b of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/2017-18-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contact &lt;strong&gt;initiated by the defensive player&lt;/strong&gt; guarding a player with the&#xA;ball is not legal. This contact includes, but is not limited to,&#xA;forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are a list of exceptions that accompany this rule, which answers what a defender is allowed to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTIONS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) A defender may apply&#xA;contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball who has&#xA;his back to the basket below the free throw line extended outside the&#xA;Lower Defensive Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) A defender may apply contact with a forearm&#xA;and/or one hand with a bent elbow to an offensive player in a post-up&#xA;position with the ball in the Lower Defensive Box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) A defender may&#xA;apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball at&#xA;any time in the Lower Defensive Box. The forearm in the above&#xA;exceptions is solely for the purpose of maintaining a defensive&#xA;position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) A defender may position his leg between the legs of an&#xA;offensive player in a post-up position in the Lower Defensive Box for&#xA;the purpose of maintaining defensive position. If his foot leaves the&#xA;floor in an attempt to dislodge his opponent, it is a foul&#xA;immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Incidental contact with the hand against an offensive&#xA;player shall be ignored if it does not affect the player’s speed,&#xA;quickness, balance and/or rhythm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comment 2C on the rules also addresses what a defender is allowed to do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BLOCK-CHARGE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player is permitted to establish a legal&#xA;guarding position in the path of a dribbler regardless of his speed&#xA;and distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player is not permitted to move into the&#xA;path of an offensive player once he has started his upward motion to&#xA;attempt a field goal or pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player must allow a moving&#xA;player the opportunity to avoid contact when the offensive player&#xA;receives a pass outside the lower defensive box. The lower defensive&#xA;box is the area between the 3-foot posted-up marks, the bottom tip of the circle and the endline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player must allow an&#xA;airborne player the opportunity to land and then avoid contact when&#xA;the offensive player is outside the lower defensive box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive&#xA;player is permitted to establish a legal guarding position in the path&#xA;of an offensive player who receives a pass inside the lower defensive&#xA;box regardless of his speed and distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A defensive player must&#xA;allow an airborne player who receives a pass the space to land when&#xA;the offensive player is inside the lower defensive box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15549" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T10:54:30.480" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-26T21:43:02.810" Score="4" ViewCount="2228" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, players often argue with the referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the upside in allowing players to argue with referees in football? What are the incentives, for whoever makes the rules, to continue to allow this in the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15552" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T19:29:57.853" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T08:38:31.493" Title="What is the upside in allowing players to argue with referees in football?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18678" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-26T23:05:41.913" Score="0" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;Notably, Croatia has a very small population.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason behind Croatian Football team so strong in 2018?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12610" LastActivityDate="2018-08-24T03:58:16.977" Title="Why is Croatia so strong in 2018 FIFA WC?" Tags="|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-08-24T03:58:37.207" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18682" CreationDate="2018-06-27T06:27:46.160" Score="41" ViewCount="12725" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Thursday at 2pm GMT, the football matches for group H of the World Cup 2018 will begin. By 4 pm GMT, the fate of that group will be decided. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us assume that Japan comes first and Colombia comes second (not an unlikely outcome, actually), both hence qualifying for the second round. Now, at 6pm GMT, the matches of group G begin. Belgium and England are already qualified for the next round, but they play against each other in order to decide who goes first, and thus, to decide whom are they to play in the next round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, under the reasonable assumption that Colombia is a better team than Japan (which is the case in terms of both Fifa ranking and world cup experience), you would expect Belgium and England would like to play Japan in the next round. Not only this, but &lt;strong&gt;coming second of the group will mean avoiding Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay, Portugal, and/or France in the next rounds up to the final&lt;/strong&gt;. In the other side of the qualifications, the only big teams are Spain and Croatia. As such, there is &lt;strong&gt;a huge incentive for Belgium and England to come second of the group&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the only certain way for a team to come second is &lt;strong&gt;to lose the match&lt;/strong&gt; (they are tied in everything else, and qualifying position might depend on a Fair Play ranking, which changes during their match anyway). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This scenario is quite strange. It is not that both directly benefit (and thus put effort) in a draw, but quite the opposite: they benefit from a defeat! Thus, you could imagine both putting no effort, or playing only with substitutes, or even, if they remain in a tie, to score an own-goal in the last minute of extra-time! I would imagine that all this is perfectly legal, but is it? Can a team be investigated for this behaviour? Presumably, football rules are tailored to foster competitive behaviour, i.e. to foster a win. Perhaps there are rules against evident own-goals to induce defeat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T22:36:16.797" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T22:36:16.797" Title="Can a football team force its defeat, e.g. via own goals?" Tags="|football|world-cup|strategy|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18680" CreationDate="2018-06-27T07:09:54.013" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sports governing bodies come down very, &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; heavily on teams deliberately losing - a very similar example to the England/Belgium World Cup situation is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_doubles#Group_stage_disqualification&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;badminton at the 2012 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;, when the teams which deliberately lost were disqualified. FIFA would almost certainly deal with any blatant deliberate losing in the same kind of way; see also &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7465/in-which-game-was-a-limited-overs-innings-declared-to-prevent-an-opponent-from-q/&quot;&gt;a cricket match where a team deliberately lost&lt;/a&gt; which again resulted in their disqualification from the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing explicit within the main body of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; which requires teams attempt to win, although &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;players can of course be cautioned for &quot;unsporting behaviour&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. Is attempting to lose &quot;unsporting&quot;? I don't think there's a clear consensus on that one, but given the extensive media speculation on this one I'd hope that FIFA has given guidance to both the match officials and the teams involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T07:09:54.013" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18680" CreationDate="2018-06-27T07:37:30.933" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt something like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Adema_149%E2%80%930_SO_l%27Emyrne&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;AS Adema 149–0 SO l'Emyrne&lt;/a&gt; will happen here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA has some fair play regulations giving them the possibility to act accordingly and they're &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;warned&lt;/a&gt;. It will be possible to disqualify a team trying to lose deliberately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/01/87/54/21/1875421_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations for Russia 2018&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On entering the competition, the participating member associations and&#xA;  their  Team Delegation Members automatically undertake to:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (...)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  g) observe the principles of fair play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or Rule 12.3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, the players agree in particular to:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  a)   respect the&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;spirit of fair play&lt;/strong&gt;, non-violence and the authority of the match&#xA;  officials;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both will dealt with according to Rule 12.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Disciplinary incidents are dealt with in compliance with the &lt;strong&gt;FIFA&#xA;  Disciplinary Code&lt;/strong&gt; in force and all relevant circulars and directives,&#xA;  with which the participating member associations undertake to comply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/koyeb3cvhxnwy9yz4aa6.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Disciplinary Code&lt;/a&gt; then states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 57:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Anyone who insults someone in any way, especially by using offensive&#xA;  gestures  or language, or &lt;strong&gt;who violates the principles of fair play or&#xA;  whose behaviour is unsporting in any other way may be subject to&#xA;  sanctions in accordance with  art. 10 ff&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, these punishments are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10 Sanctions common to natural and legal persons&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Both natural and legal persons are punishable by the following&#xA;  sanctions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;warning;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;reprimand;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;fine;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;return of awards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11 Sanctions applicable to natural persons&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following sanctions are applicable only to natural persons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;caution;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;expulsion;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;match suspension;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ban from dressing rooms and/or substitutes’ bench;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ban from entering a stadium;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ban on taking part in any football-related activity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12 Sanctions applicable to legal persons&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following sanctions are applicable only to legal persons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;transfer ban;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;playing a match without spectators;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;playing a match on neutral territory;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ban on playing in a particular stadium;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;annulment of the result of a match;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;expulsion;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;forfeit;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;deduction of points;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;relegation to a lower division&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T07:37:30.933" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18677" CreationDate="2018-06-27T08:18:12.520" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually it is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; allowed to argue with the referee. Most referees just tolerate it up to some extent and start cautioning players when they go too far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/refereeing/law_12_fouls_misconduct_en_47379.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA refereeing guide&lt;/a&gt; explicitly mentions this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who is guilty of dissent by protesting (verbally or&#xA;  nonverbally) against a referee’s decision must be cautioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The captain of a team has no special status or privileges under the Laws&#xA;  of the Game but he has a degree of responsibility for the behaviour of&#xA;  his team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Objective is to avoid erosion of authority and the&#xA;  likelihood of the dissent spreading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But instead of just enforcing this rule the refs use common sense, because they know about the psychology of players (stress, adrenaline, ...) and cautioning every word against their decision would probably end up in a lot of cards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good ref knows how to calm the players down in most cases without penalizing them. Controlling a situation earns the referee more respect than a bunch of cards. Therefore the goal is to calm down tricky situations by talking and explaining. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good communication is the key. If that fails, you can still caution someone. It's like &quot;you called it wrong.&quot; - shows card - &quot;Why you hate me?! Now it's two bad calls!&quot; .. Wouldn't it be better to explain the previous call instead of fighting off the players with cautions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T17:30:33.133" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T17:30:33.133" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18689" CreationDate="2018-06-27T10:41:56.380" Score="9" ViewCount="3659" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referring to the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/18680/4799&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, the first and second paragraph. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On Thursday at 2pm GMT, the football matches for group H of the World Cup 2018 will begin.&lt;/strong&gt; By 4 pm GMT, the fate of that group will&#xA;  be decided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let us assume that Japan comes first and Colombia comes second (not an&#xA;  unlikely outcome, actually), both hence qualifying for the second&#xA;  round. &lt;strong&gt;Now, at 6pm GMT, the matches of group G begin.&lt;/strong&gt; Belgium and&#xA;  England are already qualified for the next round, but &lt;strong&gt;they play&#xA;  against each other in order to decide who goes first, and thus, to&#xA;  decide whom are they to play in the next round.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with this arrangement, as mentioned in the question, is that England and Belgium can be unsportsmanlike in order to receive a more favorable opponent in the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the teams involved in unsportsmanlike behavior can be investigated and punished, but still, why FIFA not just decided to start all four matches simultaneously? This would reduce the possibility of deliberate losing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another alternative solution is that FIFA can consider to let all the qualifying teams to draw the lots again after all group matches complete, so that no one can &quot;choose the opponent&quot;, why this is not done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4799" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T16:37:09.733" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T16:37:09.733" Title="Why FIFA didn't prevent the potential cheating that may arise when the lasts of group matches are not played simultaneously?" Tags="|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18686" CreationDate="2018-06-27T10:53:59.770" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why FIFA not just decided to start all four matches simultaneously?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because that reduces the television audience. Having two matches at the same time is bad enough, four matches just makes it worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that in this case, it's not the round of 16 game (which is group G vs group H) which is the issue, but the quarter-final. You'd have had to have played eight matches (everything from groups D, E, G and H) to avoid the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FIFA can consider to let all the qualifying teams to draw the lots again after all group matches complete, so that no one can &quot;choose the opponent&quot;, why this is not done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because it's awful for fans. As (say) an England fan, at the moment I know that England will play their round of 16 game in one of two locations, and the companies arranging travel / hotels are able to handle two possibilities for the match. With a random draw, England could end up in any of eight locations, which would make it &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; harder for fans and travel companies to arrange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T10:53:59.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18483" CreationDate="2018-06-27T11:58:09.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are late to the ball &amp;amp; it has dropped below the level of the net then drop shot would be a better &amp;amp; safer shot in the circumstance. Also if you could introduce sideways spin with backhand/forehand, then it would be difficult for opponent to reach it. I've seen Anastasia Sevastova do it a regularly.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing a top spin forehand or a normal slice bsckhand is risky. If the ball is below the net &amp;amp; your knees &amp;amp; you play top spin forehand, you'll most likely hit the shot in the net. If instead you play a backhand slice, you'll mostly have to upper cut it a bit to gain elevation. And with lack of speed &amp;amp; such high elevation, it will land in opponents half mid-court &amp;amp; easy for him to put it away&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-08-23T14:19:43.880" LastActivityDate="2019-08-23T14:19:43.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18686" CreationDate="2018-06-27T12:19:43.673" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why FIFA not just decided to start all four matches simultaneously?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is easy as already answered in the other answer. By forcing 3rd round matches of the same group to be played simultaneously FIFA is already losing some revenue. This loss would be even greater if FIFA forced the matches across 2 groups to be played simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FIFA can consider to let all the qualifying teams to draw the lots&#xA;  again after all group matches complete, so that no one can &quot;choose the&#xA;  opponent&quot;, why this is not done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for not doing that is the rest time. As a tournament, FIFA World Cup (which lasts only 32 days) doesn't have the same flexibility as other tournaments with similar format (e.g. UEFA Champions League which spans over 9 months).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams which qualify from groups &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; are expected to play their round of 16 games earlier than the ones from &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;, because teams from &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; finish their last group matches one day before than teams from &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;. The difference will become even more crucial if a team qualified from group &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; would be drawn against a team from &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;. Then the team from &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; would have had &lt;strong&gt;3 rest days&lt;/strong&gt; more than a team from &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;. In a tournament with such a busy schedule 3 rest days can be a decisive factor. This is the main reason why FIFA World Cup doesn't use drawing of lots during the tournament like UEFA Champions League and teams which finish their last group matches on the same day play against each other in the round of 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T12:19:43.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18686" CreationDate="2018-06-27T16:31:39.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bear in mind that the winner of group A plays the runner-up in group B and vice-versa. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's unlikely that you'd prefer to play the group winner over the group runner-up (although I guess it's possible) - so you're unlikely to want to lose the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A draw might be enough to keep you at the top, and your opponent might decide to play for the draw also, keeping runner-up rather than risking a loss and not continuing - that's hardly cheating - although it'd make for a tedious game(*) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to think of a scenario where both teams get the best outcome for themselves with the same result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..and of course, money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(*) For those who don't find all football tedious!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15573" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T16:31:39.197" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18677" CreationDate="2018-06-27T19:45:08.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In no sport are players permitted explicitly to argue with the officials, and in most, including football, they are specifically disallowed from doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The laws state that a player guilty of dissent &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; be cautioned - this is a mandatory discipline. However, what counts as dissent is for the referee alone to determine - providing the space for good officials to manage the situation as an interpersonal relations exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best officials work with players and understand their attitudes and responses, frequently because they are or were players themselves, and sometimes at the same level they officiate. Developing this rapport makes it much more likely that future decisions will be respected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially as football does not often see red cards (sent off) and scores are quite low, these decisions can change the game; FIFA even calls them &quot;game-changing decisions&quot; in its documents and videos and public release material. Thus, understanding and accepting the emotions around these situations is important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the objective is to minimise dissent and encourage a flowing game, they can achieve that by making decisions as transparent as possible and encouraging players to understand the decisions, and showing empathy for their emotional side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TLDR: As long as the referee establishes a clear line between requesting clarity and stating dissent, and enforces warnings or additional discipline for crossing that line, ignoring a little argument on occasion is not a problem.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T19:45:08.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18695" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18722" CreationDate="2018-06-27T20:58:26.997" Score="4" ViewCount="3683" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just saw this on the F1 facebook page&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/Formula1/videos/1075139512643030/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/Formula1/videos/1075139512643030/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It talks about an old austrian grand prix, where it took 3 starts to get under way. The 3rd one being almost 2 hours after the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it made me wonder, if somebody that had a minor crash on the first launch, decided to retire because the car wouldn't be ready for the 2nd start, but then, when they saw it would take a while before the race starts again repaired the car in time for the 3rd start, would they be able to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is a Retired status definitive for the grand prix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:48:07.297" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T14:59:22.003" Title="Can a car that retired join back the race?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18699" CreationDate="2018-06-28T00:40:31.217" Score="5" ViewCount="721" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spain and Portugal advanced to the knockout stage of from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;group B&lt;/a&gt; of the 2018 World Cup. They scored 5 points each while Iran and Morocco earned 4 and 1 points respectively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 points is the fewest number of points I can recall that the top seed of a group earned to advanced to the knockout round of the World Cup. The only other time I recall this is when Sweden, England, Argentina, and Nigeria scored also 5-5-4-1 points in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the introduction of the current format where 4 teams in a group play round robin games with winners earning 3 points,&#xA;what are the top 5 lowest point total of the top seed in the history of the world cup? Similarly what is the lowest point total of the top 2 seeds in a group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T03:17:24.977" Title="What are the lowest points scored by the top 2 seeds of a World Cup team in the group stage?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18697" CreationDate="2018-06-28T03:17:24.977" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Restricting to the current 3 points win/1 point draw format, the minimum possible is 3, if all 6 games are tied.  4 is possible if all four teams are 1-1-1.  Otherwise, 5 is the minimum; if one game is not a tie, then you will have 5-3-3-2; if two games are not tied, then you will have 5-5-3-1, 5-5-2-2, or 5-4-3-2 depending on which teams lose.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 has been accomplished many times.  In 2010, the US won Group C in identical fashion to Spain/Portugal this year (US and England both had 5 points to finish in first and second, and 4-1 for third and fourth).  The same year, Group F was won by Paraguay over Slovakia 5-4 (-3-2).  Similarly, as mentioned in the question, 2002 saw Group F won by Sweden over England 5-5 (-4-1).  In 1998 Group E was won by Netherlands over Mexico 5-5 (-3-1).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group E in 1994&lt;/a&gt; holds the distinction of having a first place team with &lt;em&gt;four&lt;/em&gt; points.  All four teams won, lost, and drew, for a 1-1-1 record, and had a zero goal differential, the only time this has ever occurred in the World Cup.  Mexico won the group by virtue of having scored one more goal than the other teams; Ireland took second on head to head with Italy (their lone win).  1994 was the first cup that 3 points were awarded for a win, and so before this points cannot be compared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T03:17:24.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18677" CreationDate="2018-06-28T08:38:31.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is already illegal for players to protest a decision (dissent), or use offensive, insulting and/or abusive language or gestures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A substitute or substituted player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;dissent by word or action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 2 - Decisions of the Referee&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final. The decisions of the referee, and all other match officials, must always be respected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2018/LotG_18_19_EN_Glossary.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game - Glossary&lt;/a&gt; [pdf]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Public disagreement (verbal and/or physical) with a match official’s decision; punishable by a caution (yellow card) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Offensive, insulting or abusive language&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Verbal or physical behaviour which is rude, hurtful, disrespectful; punishable by a sending-off (red card&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to answer the question as to the incentives as to why it occurs, based on my experience refereeing various levels of football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At the lowest levels of the game (i.e. low-level amateur football), referees may lack the necessary training or strength of character to deal with dissent. They may not like to take strong action as it may lead into unfamiliar territory, so they just ignore it and try to get on with the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At the highest levels of the game (i.e. professional football), referees are reluctant to caution and send players off for behaviour that does not impact the opponents and that they believe they can manage, as they feel it may reflect poorly on their player management abilities. They are also reluctant to verbally admonish / warn players, as players know dissent is ignored so widely, so such a warning would have no effect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the highest levels of amateur football, dissent generally is not tolerated as referees at this level don't have spectators to impress, know how to deal with it and know that failing to deal with it could reduce match control and their enjoyment. Players are regularly cautioned for dissent at this level, and send-offs for a second caution are regularly for being cautioned twice for dissent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In other sports, referees, umpires and officials have a wider range of sanctions that can be applied for dissent - e.g. in rugby a penalty can be awarded without a card, in (field) hockey a free hit can be advanced towards the goal. In football, it is all or nothing - the referee can either apply the second most severe sanction (which might end up being a send-off if the player has already been cautioned), or simply give warnings, which may be seen as pointless depending on how dissent is managed at that level of the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If referees at the highest levels took stronger action on dissent, it would only take a few competition rounds before new expectations were set, and dissent was reduced. Unfortunately, there would be significant public and media pressure on the football authorities to drop referees who had taken stronger action (think about all the hit pieces that already are written with comments such as &quot;the referee ruined the game&quot;, &quot;the referee was hungry for attention&quot;, &quot;referees are taking passion out of the game&quot;, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative solution that would allow referees to keep all 11 players on the park, yet disincentivise dissent would be allowing referees to award free kicks or advance free kicks for dissent that is low-level, i.e. not public, personal or persistent without requiring a caution (yellow card). However, I don't see IFAB making such a change anytime soon. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2000/feb/20/newsstory.sport9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A similar initiative was trialled in 2000 and had positive feedback from referees&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Statistics from the Auto Windscreens Trophy this season show that in 40 games, there have been 850 free kicks and 16 'advancements'. The FA say that its real value is as a deterrent to bad behaviour, however. One referee reported that 'dissent was non-existent 30 metres from goal,' another that players 'ran away like scalded cats'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end this experiment failed, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/25/joy-of-six-short-lived-football-rule-changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;possibly because referees still had to show a card before the advancement or awarding of a free kick could take effect, and mostly because FIFA did not like it&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T08:38:31.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18680" CreationDate="2018-06-28T09:55:11.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt any team would purposely score goals against themselves as it is quite obvious and the team would be disqualified. But it is not impossible that they would purposely lose by simply not playing at their full potential, either to avoid strong teams or not to put too much stress on the players if they know they are already qualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also possible that the strongest teams would &quot;select&quot; which group they are affected to rather than being randomly dispatched (they have to be put in 8 different groups anyway) as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eurosport.fr/football/coupe-du-monde/2018/video-platini-avoue-une-petite-magouille-en-1998-pour-que-la-france-et-le-bresil-sevitent_sto6760367/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michel Platini confessed recently&lt;/a&gt; about the 1998 world cup (article in french).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15591" LastEditorUserId="15591" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T11:47:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T11:47:04.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18680" CreationDate="2018-06-28T15:34:10.343" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TLDR:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is more or less &quot;FIFA takes the action it feels like taking&quot;. We can look at examples and speculate, but that's about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..with that said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This has already happened&lt;/strong&gt;, in a lower status international tournament, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_AFF_Championship#Controversy&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 Tiger Cup&lt;/a&gt;. Quotes from Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This tournament was marred by an unsportsmanlike match between Thailand and Indonesia during the group stage. Both teams were already assured of qualification for the semi-finals, but &lt;strong&gt;both teams also knew that the winners of the game would face hosts Vietnam in the semi-finals, while the losing team would face surprise group winners Singapore, who were perceived to be easier opposition&lt;/strong&gt;, and would also avoid the inconvenience of moving the team's training base from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi for the semi-finals. The first half saw little action, with both teams barely making any attempt to score. During the second half both teams managed to score, resulting in a 2–2 score after 90 minutes. During injury time, despite two Thai defenders attempting to stop him, Indonesian defender Mursyid Effendi deliberately scored an own goal, handing Thailand a 3–2 victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA took action against both teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FIFA fined both teams $40,000 for &quot;violating the spirit of the game&quot;, while Mursyid was banned from domestic football for one year and international football for life. In the semi-finals, Thailand lost to Vietnam, and Indonesia lost to Singapore. In the final, the title was to elude the hosts, as they went down 1–0 to unfancied Singapore in one of the competition's biggest shocks to date&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18682/15555&quot;&gt;Another answer&lt;/a&gt; has already quoted a lot of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/koyeb3cvhxnwy9yz4aa6.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fifa disciplinary code&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/01/87/54/21/1875421_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations for the 2018&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It turns out they have fairly wide and vaguely defined authority to enforce the &lt;em&gt;&quot;spirit of fair play&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2002/m=4/news=code-conduct-for-football-81746.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fifa code of conduct&lt;/a&gt; describes not &lt;em&gt;&quot;playing to win&quot;&lt;/em&gt; as &quot;&lt;em&gt;cheating&lt;/em&gt;&quot; ones opponents and &lt;em&gt;&quot;deceiving&quot;&lt;/em&gt; the crowd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fifa could do the same thing as in 1996, or harser, it's up to them. The most important thing to understand is that there's a huge amount of room for Fifa's discretion.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;However, I think it's pretty clear that action would be taken against an extremely obvious attempt to lose.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But wait there's more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A similar thing has happened at World Cup, in 1982.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Disgrace of Gijón&lt;/a&gt; was a 1982 FIFA World Cup football match played between West Germany and Austria at the El Molinón stadium in Gijón, Spain, on 25 June 1982. The match was the last game of the first-round Group 2, with Algeria and Chile having played the day before. With the outcome of that match already decided, a win by one or two goals for West Germany would result in both them and Austria qualifying at the expense of Algeria, who had defeated West Germany in the first game. West Germany took the lead after 10 minutes, &lt;strong&gt;after which the remaining 80 minutes was characterized by few serious attempts by either side to score&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this time Fifa took no action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Both sides were accused of match-fixing, although FIFA ruled that neither team broke any rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion this is a less blatant case of unsporting behaviour (no deliberate own goals here this time). Clearly there is a threshold. I would be interested to know if Fifa's sanction use or decision making is different for World Cups than it is for smaller tournaments, but I have no idea. It certainly means that it gets a bigger Wikipedia page. It's also worth pointing out that 1982 was 36 years ago, football was different and Fifa was different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Once again, the most important thing to understand is it's basically up to Fifa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Interesting fact: This match is the reason why the final pair of group matches in international tournaments always start at the same time.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15555" LastEditorUserId="15555" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T15:54:28.047" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T15:54:28.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18704" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18705" CreationDate="2018-06-28T15:56:09.770" Score="6" ViewCount="480" Body="&lt;p&gt;Japan seems to stop to play the game on the additional time on a World Cup match vs Poland, for about 2 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the score was 0-1 and Japan was going to be defeat if they cannot score before the game ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why did they seem to stop the game, by lazily sending pass to each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9829" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-18T05:48:08.333" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T13:44:16.110" Title="Why did Japan stop to play just before the game ends on a match vs Poland?" Tags="|football|world-cup|strategy|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18704" CreationDate="2018-06-28T16:33:40.747" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't watch the game, but from what I've heard, the result of the Colombia-Senegal game meant that Japan were still set to qualify from the group even though they were losing 1-0. &lt;strong&gt;However&lt;/strong&gt;, as they were tied with Senegal on points and goal difference, conceding another goal would knock Japan out and send Senegal through instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Japan pushed forward in search of an equaliser, they risked being caught out by a counter-attack and conceding a second goal that would have eliminated them. All they needed to do for those final two minutes in order to qualify, was keep Poland from getting hold of the ball. And that's exactly what they did. A disappointing end to the game, perhaps, but they were thinking in the long-term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T16:33:40.747" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18704" CreationDate="2018-06-28T16:52:57.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Japan vs Poland game was happening at the same time as the Senegal vs Colombia game. At the end of the games Poland and Colombia were winning their games by one goal. Given the standings Colombia would go through as first seed with 6 points, while Japan and Senegal were tied with 4 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Japan and Senegal had the same number of points, goals, goal differential. But Japan held the tie breaker by having 2 less yellow cards than Senegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So instead of attacking in the stoppage time and push for a goal Japan took the safer way by keeping the ball. Had they pushed for a goal they would've been vulnerable to counter attacks, which could lead into goals for Poland or more yellow cards for Japan which would've reduce from their tie breaker over Senegal. Also Poland was already eliminated and were winning the game so they didn't need to push Japan to get the ball back. So Japan made sure to keep control of the ball without trying to score and hoped that on the other game Senegal wouldn't score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end the score of both games remained at 1-0. Japan made it to the round of 16 for having 2 less yellow cards based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fair play&lt;/a&gt; performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-06T07:35:21.860" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T07:35:21.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18707" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-28T20:03:45.360" Score="3" ViewCount="2734" Body="&lt;p&gt;Our opponent was serving to my partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was moving my feet in place just to keep from being sedentary. Not moving wildly, just kind of shuffle back and forth in place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The server missed and blamed me for moving and said that I am not allowed to move while the opponent is in the service motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I let her take the serve over but I don't think that is right.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;What is the rule on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15602" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2023-02-07T12:37:42.363" LastActivityDate="2023-02-08T18:20:30.183" Title="Tennis movement while opponent is serving?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-28T21:47:00.937" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;In which match did the following happen? (I can't for the life of me find it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Djokovic hit a backhand hard crosscourt from inside the service box, approximately on the left tramline. Nadal was right on the baseline, guessed correctly which way Djokovic was going and hit a trademark Rafa forehand down the line for a winner (Djokovic was nowhere near, since he was in the left service box, but the forehand went deep down the opposite tramline).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the ball was called out on Rafa's baseline. Djokovic challenged, only for it to be shown to be in; Rafa was suitably annoyed, given that he'd hit a clear winner. The call didn't really affect Nadal either, since Nadal basically half-volleyed it. Djokovic, very sportingly, gifts the point to Nadal, saying that indeed Nadal hit the ball for a winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the most pointless challenge I've ever seen: challenge; be right; give away point. (Maybe Djokovic instinctively challenged? then realised Nadal had won the point anyway.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure it was French Open, maybe 2012 or 2013. But I can't find it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T22:09:40.453" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T22:09:40.453" Title="In which match did Djokovic successfully challenge a call but give away the point?" Tags="|tennis|match-identification|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18707" CreationDate="2018-06-28T23:11:37.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: This is regarding the partner of the receiver, not the receiver themself.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible under the rules to be called a hindrance according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/en/about-us/governance/rules-and-regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rule book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 26&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HINDRANCE&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is hindered in playing the point by a deliberate act of the opponent(s), the player shall win the point.&#xA;However, the point shall be replayed if a player is hindered in playing the point by either an unintentional act of the opponent(s), or something outside the player’s own control (not including a permanent fixture).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 5: In doubles, where are the server’s partner and receiver’s partner allowed to stand?&#xA;Decision: The server’s partner and the receiver’s partner may take any position on&#xA;their own side of the net, inside or outside the court. &lt;strong&gt;However, if a player is creating a hindrance to the opponent(s), the hindrance rule should be used&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether the movement of the partner of the receiver is hindering could be up for debate, but consider this... how far does it go? Could they start jumping up and down waving their arms or yelling out at the time of the serve be considered a hindrance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a recreational match, such rules are hard to enforce as there typically is no umpire and it is down to the players themselves being honest and fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4851" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-02-08T18:20:30.183" LastActivityDate="2023-02-08T18:20:30.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18736" CreationDate="2018-06-29T00:39:50.537" Score="3" ViewCount="1869" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Uzoho&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Francis Uzoho&lt;/a&gt; Nigeria's goalie in the 2018 World Cup was only 19 years of age. While it is not uncommon to see teenagers in the World Cup in general, it is uncommon to see goalies starting for their national team in that age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top 5 youngest goaltenders to start a game in the world cup? Please provide the year and host, as well as the the teams in play in the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T23:46:48.233" Title="Youngest goal keepers in the World Cup" Tags="|football|world-cup|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18644" CreationDate="2018-06-29T02:18:35.583" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18647/3526&quot;&gt;Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt; sums up the general principles and the correct outcome. I will attempt to answers based strictly on the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match-2018/chapters/goal-scored-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match, Section 1 - Goal Scored&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no offence has been committed by the team scoring the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 2 - Decisions of the Referee&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may not change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play has restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or terminated the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, a team should not be allowed to score a goal if they have committed an offence since the last restart of play. The VAR adds a new dimension in that decisions that all on-field officials have already ruled on may end up being changed, but the underlying principle is still effectively the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following example that could already occur without VAR (and obviously at a level where the match officials don't have comms gear):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The red team loses the ball in the blue team's penalty area, with a red striker landing on the ground after a strong, but fair tackle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The blue team clears the ball to the blue attackers, who end up in a strong attacking position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The blue goalkeeper takes exception to the red striker, believing he has dived, and kicks him within blue's penalty area.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is flagged by the AR in blue's half, but the referee misses it as he is in position to monitor blue's attack and has his back to the AR.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Meanwhile the blue attack develops, leading to a goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before restarting play, the referee notices the flag from the AR, cancels the goal awards a penalty kick to red, and sends off the blue goalkeeper for violent conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, nothing has really changed here, other than the possibility of far more decisions being changed after they were initially decided on and/or missed. Having said that, the example provided in your question is unlikely to occur - according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/projects/vars/principles-practicalities-protocol&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB's VAR Protocol&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee wants a review when play has not stopped, play should be stopped as soon as it is in a ‘neutral’ area i.e. when neither team has a good attacking possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless it is an extremely quick counter attack, the referee would probably stop play before a goal was scored up the other end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T02:18:35.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18718" CreationDate="2018-06-29T02:49:36.790" Score="2" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of Baseball teams are using data-driven approach and computer modelling to help them better succeed in games. The most famous example being Billy Beane of Oakland Athletics (2001-2003), popularized by the film &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyball_(film)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Moneyball&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why soccer or football is very slow to warm up to this approach?  In an interview Billy Beane &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/features/fourfourtwo-billy-beane-can-moneyball-analytics-approach-work-football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;said that&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“It’s a very dynamic sport. Baseball is very stop-start and it lends&#xA;  itself to measurement, but on the flip side there are a lot more&#xA;  events going on during a football match than there are in a baseball&#xA;  game - and anybody who is well versed in modelling, whether from a&#xA;  computer science background or a mathematics background, will tell you&#xA;  the more data you have, the better you are able to put the models&#xA;  together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“So it may be different and there’s certainly a correlation of an&#xA;  interaction between players that may not exist in baseball – but there&#xA;  are a lot of events, and the more events you have the better you&#xA;  should be at predicting things.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've no idea what these words mean. On one moment he said that football has a lot more events, and on the other moment he said that the more data the better for data driven approach. So I guess more events should lead to more data which means that football should be amenable to data-driven approach, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to whatever he was saying, is there any other reasons why football is slower to warm up to data-driven approach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/2487/4799&quot;&gt;How are football players are objectively rated&lt;/a&gt; is related, but not necessarily a duplicate as suggested. Reason being, data-driven approach is not necessarily limited to sports where individual players can be objectively rated. In fact football is a collective sport where individual talents are less important than team dynamics. I can easily imagine that we find other team-related metrics, as opposed to individual metrics, that are more amenable to data-driven analysis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So no, it's not a duplicate at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4799" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T18:36:59.663" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T15:43:38.720" Title="Why data-driven approach to soccer is slow to catch on?" Tags="|football|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18717" CreationDate="2018-06-29T06:58:49.397" Score="15" ViewCount="9842" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the do or die match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F#South_Korea_vs_Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany and South Korea&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt; group stage, after conceding one goal, the German goalkeeper came forward to attack, leaving the goal post empty. Due to this, Korea scored an easy goal. Why did Neuer do this? Has he done anything like this in the past successfully?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="428" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T10:33:44.640" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T19:49:03.373" Title="Why did Manuel Neuer leave the goal post and come to the midfield position in group qualifiers?" Tags="|football|world-cup|tactics|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18715" CreationDate="2018-06-29T07:35:30.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can not know what Neuer's thoughts were. However as you state in the question it was a do or die match. Germany was 1-0 down and that result would mean they were out of the World Cup. So defending that result would not help them. Scoring a goal would have helped them so sending an extra attacker in the person of Neuer is a good tactic. Yes, you run a risk of getting an extra goal against you but not scoring yourself is worse than getting another goal against (although it further limits your chances).&#xA;It's a tactic that has been used many times in matches where you really need that goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your second part of the question. I don't know if Neuer has done this before but there are cases where the goalkeeper came up and scored that very important goal. No examples that I can reference here (I don't have time to hunt for them at the moment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastEditorUserId="13223" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T07:42:54.940" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T07:42:54.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18715" CreationDate="2018-06-29T07:43:46.980" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Neuer left the German's penalty area, Germany were already losing 1-0 and going out of the World Cup. By effectively becoming an extra outfield player, he increased the chance of Germany scoring the goal they needed to draw the match and stay in the World Cup. It didn't work, but that doesn't mean it wasn't the right thing to try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A famous similar situation in which this tactic did work was at the end of the 1998-1999 Football League season: Carlisle United needed to win their last match to avoid being relegated from the Football League, but were drawing 1-1 in injury team. Their goalkeeper, Jimmy Glass, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HLqMcm_SGw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;made his way into the opposition penalty area and scored the goal which kept Carlisle in the league&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crossing sports slightly, &quot;pulling the goaltender&quot; is a common tactic when a team is losing by one or even two goals late in an ice hockey match. The maths works out slightly differently there as &quot;goal difference&quot; is of just about zero importance in ice hockey but can be significant in football, which is why goalkeepers generally won't go running around out of their area in most football matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T07:43:46.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18714" CreationDate="2018-06-29T07:54:09.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is because baseball is much easier to analyze than soccer: baseball &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; easily breaks down into a series of separate events (pitches), each of which have an clear outcome (strike, ball, base hit, home run, etc) which move the game from one clearly defined state to another (e.g. &quot;team down by 2 runs in the top of the 7th, runners on first and third, 2-2 count&quot; to &quot;scores level in the top of the 7th, runner on second, 0-0 count&quot;). And then to make it even easier, each pitch effectively just involves two players, the pitcher and the batter - while the rest of the defenders and the runners do have an effect, it's been shown to be minimal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer doesn't have any of those advantages: it doesn't break down into separate events, and individual plays don't clearly just involve a small number of players in the same way. This just makes it much harder to analyze, so it's not surprising that it's behind baseball in the level of modelling which is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T07:54:09.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18715" CreationDate="2018-06-29T08:24:22.960" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jens Lehmann did it before (National keeper before Neuer) when he &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEEHQgsTUJk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;scored for Schalke 04 against Dortmund&lt;/a&gt;. And &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0jQRwKNbOc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; are a few more international ones and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w8Nhr138eo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is from my team's league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a common tactic when you're behind and need the goal. Especially when another goal against you wouldn't matter anyway you try to get an extra on-field player by doing this. But unlike in other sports you don't do this all the time when you're in possession of the ball. Usually you try to get a good standard (corner kick or free kick in the red zone for example) and then use the goalie in the box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other sports (e.g. Ice Hockey, Handball) you can sub out the goalie while you're in possession and play the whole attack with an extra &quot;real&quot; on-field player. This also happens a lot more than a football goalie coming out of the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T08:24:22.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18715" CreationDate="2018-06-29T08:44:50.623" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I should preface this by a disclaimer that I am by not means expert, just a regular fan who occasionally watches a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can often see Manuel Neuer playing outside of penalty box, basically in the position where you typically see one of defenders - even in normal situations, not only near the end of a match. See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Neuer#Style_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Style of play&lt;/a&gt; section of the Wikipedia article about him (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Neuer&amp;amp;oldid=847862795#Style_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;). This is however a different situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is by no means unusual in a final minutes of a game when a team needs to score that goalkeeper plays in field. Definitely if a team has a corner kick or free kick and players who are good in the air can help, then often a goalkeeper goes forward. Still, in the situation in the match, maybe it would be more logical if Neuer stayed on Germany's half but moved into field. This would allow some player from the defense line to move forward and depending on situation Neuer could either sprint back to the goal or cover Korean counter-attacks in the field. In fact, there was a bit of criticism in the media. (For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newyorker.com/sporting-scene/replay/world-cup-2018-manuel-neuers-thrilling-tragic-run-upfield&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup 2018: Manuel Neuer’s Thrilling, Tragic Run Upfield&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/celtic-legend-chris-sutton-tears-into-manuel-neuer-as-germany-are-eliminated-from-the-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Celtic Legend Chris Sutton Tears Into Manuel Neuer As Germany Are Eliminated From The World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your question whether in the past he succeeded in something like this - I tend to believe that the statistics in the Wikipedia article are accurate and he has not scored a goal yet. (But he scored several times in penalty shoot-outs.) For some other goalkeepers, you can find some information in this Wikipedia list: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_goalscoring_goalkeepers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of goalscoring goalkeepers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T08:44:50.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18723" CreationDate="2018-06-29T10:51:29.450" Score="1" ViewCount="2638" Body="&lt;p&gt;During yesterday 2018 World Cup's match between Panama and Tunisia, a Polish-speaking sport commentator said that one of these countries (didn't hear exactly which one) had a football match with Cape Verde team which they lost and &lt;strong&gt;which was later ruled out as a walkover&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How can an already played match, lost by one of teams, later be declared walkover?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far (up until yesterday) I was more than sure that a walkover can only happen when -- as name suggests -- one of the teams don't even show up to play the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side question: About exactly which match Polish commentator was talking about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15604" LastActivityDate="2021-06-14T09:53:11.360" Title="How can a completed match become a walkover?" Tags="|rules|football|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18695" CreationDate="2018-06-29T12:28:51.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theory yes, you can restart after &amp;quot;retiring&amp;quot; from a Grand Prix but the way the rules are nowadays it is pretty unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 1970-90s teams brought 3 cars to each race, one for each driver and a spare or &amp;quot;T&amp;quot; car.  If a driver retired at the start he could jump into the spare car in case the race was restarted etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the current rule regards spare cars: (by &amp;quot;competitor&amp;quot; they mean &amp;quot;team&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each competitor may have no more than two cars available for use at&#xA;any one time during an Event. Article 23.1 of the 2018 FIA Sporting&#xA;Regulations Teams may have no more than two cars available for use at&#xA;any one time. Spare cars are not allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you have to retire your car nowadays due to a technical fault, it usually means you have to abandon the car on the track and walk back to the pits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules were changed largely as a cost saving measure, back in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last famous event involving a spare car I can remember off the top of my head was James Hunt winning the 1976 British Grand Prix although he didn't actually use the spare car, but other drivers did:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_British_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_British_Grand_Prix&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some other incidents of note, Hamilton rejoined the 2007 European Grand Prix after being lifted back onto the track by a crane:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.grandprix.com/races/european-gp-2007.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.grandprix.com/races/european-gp-2007.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It happens from time to time that a car with a mechanical problem returns to the pits and the mechanics fix the car for the driver to rejoin, usually several laps down and out of contention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the really old days, 1950s etc, the lead driver of a team would often take their team-mates car if theirs developed a fault or broke down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.firstpost.com/sports/italian-gp-when-collins-gifted-his-car-and-title-to-championship-rival-fangio-1700895.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.firstpost.com/sports/italian-gp-when-collins-gifted-his-car-and-title-to-championship-rival-fangio-1700895.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-28T14:59:22.003" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T14:59:22.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18721" CreationDate="2018-06-29T12:56:10.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's what &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkover&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; on the term walkover suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A walkover is the awarding of a victory to a contestant because there&#xA;  are no other contestants or the other contestants have been&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;disqualified&lt;/strong&gt; or have &lt;strong&gt;forfeited&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How can an already played match, lost by one of teams, later be&#xA;  declared walkover?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Easy, if it's later identified that a team fielded an ineligible player, or due to crowd violence, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Side question: About exactly which match Polish commentator was&#xA;  talking about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18721/how-can-a-completed-match-become-a-walkover#comment29396_18721&quot;&gt;@Martin&lt;/a&gt; pointed out in the comments, most probably the commentator was referring to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Varela_(Cape_Verdean_footballer)#International_career&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;incident&lt;/a&gt; of Fernando Varela playing for Cape Verde against Tunisia during his suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T12:56:10.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18755" CreationDate="2018-06-29T13:10:30.127" Score="3" ViewCount="987" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/661/133139_290518_LotG_18_19_EN_DoublePage_150dpi.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, there is a small—yet non empty—set of offences for which the referee must not immediately blow his whistle as he usually does for 'normal' fouls, but must instead allow play to continue, and caution the guilty player when the ball is next out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of such offences include swicthing places with the goalkeeper without informing the referee beforehand (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/offences-and-sanctions-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.5&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player changes places with the goalkeeper without the referee’s permission, the referee (...) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;cautions both players when the ball is next out of play&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or making unauthorized marks on the field of play (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play-2018/chapters/field-markings-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 1.2&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who makes unauthorised marks on the field of play must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. If the referee notices this being done during the match, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the player is cautioned when the ball next goes out of play.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are infringements that do not naturally carry a restart with them (e.g. indirect free kick, direct free kick, dropped ball, etc.), since the Laws explicitly forbid the match officials from interrupting the game to deal with them, and only instruct the referee to issue the appropriate disciplinary sanction afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This said, let's move onto Law 10 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match-2018/chapters/goal-scored-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10.1&lt;/a&gt;). Here we can read that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;provided that no offence has been committed by the team scoring the goal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, it's obvious that this paragraph is only referring to those offences that are committed between the restart of play that is chronologically the closest to when the goal is scored and the goal itself, otherwise a team who commits a foul in the first minute of play would be forbidden from scoring a valid goal for the whole duration of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to make an example, if a substitute enters the field of play just seconds before his team scores a goal, said goal must be disallowed, and play restarts with a direct free kick from the position of the extra person (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/goal-scored-with-an-extra-person-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.9&lt;/a&gt;) because this is the kind of penalty that is carried by the offence of entering the pitch without the referee's permission (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.7&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about the offences I mentioned at the beginning of my question? There's not a specific restart of play attached to them. So, what do you do if a player makes unauthorized marks on the field of play just before his team scores a goal? What if a defender changes places with the goalkeeker without telling the referee, and then the new goalkeeper handles the ball within his penalty area, and throws it with the hands in such a powerful way that it directly enters the opponents' goal? It's obvious that such goals cannot be allowed, but how should play restart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should the match be resumed with an indirect free kick, on the basis that play was interrupted to show a card to a player who was guilty of an offence that is not mentioned in Law 12 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/indirect-free-kick-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.2&lt;/a&gt;)? Though the game was technically &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; stopped to caution the player—it was stopped because the ball entered one of the goals; the Laws forbid the referee from stopping play solely to deal with these offences, after all. And anyway, where should this free kick be taken? From inside the goal area?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should play restart with a goal kick/corner kick, on the basis that the ball crossed the goal line, but a goal was not scored (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-goal-kick-2018/chapters/the-goal-kick-introduction-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16 Introduction&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-corner-kick-2018/chapters/the-corner-kick-introduction-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17 Introduction&lt;/a&gt;)? If so, when is it a goal kick and when is it a corner kick? Should it depend on which player touched the ball last before it entered the goal, as is the case for 'normal' situations involving goal kicks/corner kicks?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T03:10:57.487" Title="In football, what happens when a team commits an offence for which play need not be stopped, and then scores a goal immediately after?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18712" CreationDate="2018-06-29T13:49:59.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is somewhat ambiguous.  Not counting youth tournaments such as the U-17 and U-20 World Cups, the youngest goalkeeper ever to start in a World Cup was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=302764/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cecilia Santiago&lt;/a&gt; of Mexico, born 19 October 1994, in a 1–1 draw vs. England on 27 June 2011.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootballinsider.com/Story.aspx?id=34474&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;She was 16 years and 251 days old.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least one fifteen-year-old goalkeeper has sat on the bench in a World Cup, Yun Hyon-hi of North Korea in 2007.  In fact, she was still a teenager when she got her first World Cup start in 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I don't have a complete ranking by age in days, the rest of the top five are also women, or girls at the time.  There are several teenage goalkeepers at every Women's World Cup (the first being &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=182/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ann Chiejine&lt;/a&gt;, who was 17 when she played for Nigeria versus Germany on November 17, 1991), while there are no goalkeepers in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/statistics-and-records/worldcup/players/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA's official list of the youngest men to ever play in a World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, which stops at 19 years, 4 months, and 21 days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15612" LastEditorUserId="15612" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T22:21:14.633" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T22:21:14.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18704" CreationDate="2018-06-29T13:50:56.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Poland was eliminated regardless, they wanted to go out with a win.&#xA;The match between Senegal vs Colombia was happening at the same time with Senegal losing 0-1 as well and if result had stayed (0-1 in both match; Sengal vs Colombia and Poland vs Japan) Japan &amp;amp; Colombia would win the tie breakers and advance to the next stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Senegal had scored a goal, Japan would've been eliminated. So it'd be better for Japan to at least draw with Poland as well in case Senegal also draw with Colombia in the other match but Japan didn't want to risk losing more and gambled that Colombia could hold the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, Japan gambled on the other match, not their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15611" LastEditorUserId="15611" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T13:56:17.953" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T13:56:17.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18729" CreationDate="2018-06-29T15:14:23.920" Score="8" ViewCount="224" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2018 World Cup group F, South Korea defeated Germany who defeated Sweden who defeated Mexico who defeated South Korea and thereby took the most indirect revenge. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did such a long circular chain of defeats ever happened in any of the previous world cups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15616" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T23:13:09.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T23:13:09.260" Title="South Korea defeated Germany who defeated Sweden who defeated Mexico who defeated South Korea" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18727" CreationDate="2018-06-29T15:45:28.480" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Mexico beat the Republic of Ireland (2-1), that had beaten Italy (0-1), that had beaten Norway (1-0), that had beaten Mexico (1-0). All of this happened in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group E&lt;/a&gt;, which is also the only group in the history o the World Cup in which &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; teams ended with the same number of points (4) and the same goal difference (0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T15:45:28.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18272" CreationDate="2018-06-29T20:25:03.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened at least one other time, in the 2000-01 NHL season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Colorado Avalanche and the New Jersey Devils had the two best records in the regular season and they met in the Stanley Cup, with the Avalanche winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15625" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-04-20T03:45:51.600" LastActivityDate="2022-04-20T03:45:51.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18272" CreationDate="2018-06-29T21:16:32.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some such pairs (the team with most points - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy#Winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Presidents' Trophy winner&lt;/a&gt; - is listed first):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_NHL_season#Regular_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983–84&lt;/a&gt; - Edmonton Oilers and New York Islanders (the met in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;, Oilers won 4-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_NHL_season#Regular_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984–85&lt;/a&gt; - Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oiler (in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;, Edmonton won 4-1) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%9387_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986–87&lt;/a&gt; - Edmonton Oilers and Philadelphia Flyers (in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;finals&lt;/a&gt;, Edmonton won 4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%E2%80%9389_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988–89 &lt;/a&gt; - Calgary Flames and Montreal Canadiens (in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Finals&lt;/a&gt;, Calgary won 4-2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993–94&lt;/a&gt; - New York Ranges and New Jersey Devils (in the conference finals, Ranges won 4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995–96&lt;/a&gt; - Detroit Red Wings and Colorado Avalanche (conference finals, Colorado won 4-2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000–01&lt;/a&gt; - Colorado Avalanche and New Jersey Devils (in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;finals&lt;/a&gt;, Colorado won 4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016–17&lt;/a&gt; - Washington Capitals and Pittsburgh Penguins (in the second round, Penguins won 4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NHL_season#Regular_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017–18&lt;/a&gt; - Nashville Predators and Winnipeg Jets (second round, Winnipeg won 4-3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T21:24:59.410" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T21:24:59.410" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-06-29T21:16:32.553" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18733" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18737" CreationDate="2018-06-29T23:48:18.313" Score="6" ViewCount="409" Body="&lt;p&gt;After done with the group stage, my impression is that FIFA World Cup 2018 easily has the lowest ratio of goals scored per game in the history of FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my impression correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My search on internet only gives me &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statista.com/statistics/269031/goals-scored-per-game-at-the-fifa-world-cup-since-1930/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the statistics&lt;/a&gt; for goals scored per game for the whole tournament, not just group stage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wXNcy.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wXNcy.png&quot; alt=&quot;Goals scored&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I am interested to compare the statistics for group stage, but not the whole tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4799" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T15:47:21.940" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T15:47:21.940" Title="FIFA World Cup 2018: Is the group stage goal ratio lowest?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18735" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-30T05:40:39.600" Score="2" ViewCount="10039" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering, because I was playing basketball. They called a travel when I had been passed the ball and took two steps, then shot the basketball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15627" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T17:27:26.693" LastActivityDate="2018-09-11T10:01:28.173" Title="Taking two steps and shooting the ball after being passed the ball without dribbling, is this condered a travel?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18712" CreationDate="2018-06-30T06:42:58.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is based on FIFA World Cup squads as listed &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:FIFA_World_Cup_squads&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. (So it also depends on the accuracy of the data on Wikipedia.) In connection with this, I should mention that for some players age and birth date is completely missing or only year is shown. (This is mainly the case for earlier World Cups. Since sixties, these data seem to be more-or-less complete.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the question explicitly asks about goalkeepers who &lt;em&gt;started&lt;/em&gt; in a game, goalkeepers who were &lt;em&gt;listed&lt;/em&gt; in a World Cup squad but stayed on a bench are not included. (Several younger players can be found if we drop this requirement.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Men&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aged 19&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeppers which played at World Cup at age 19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Mansour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mustafa Mansour&lt;/a&gt; played for Egypt at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup_final_tournament#Hungary_vs_Egypt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt; in their only game against Hungary. He was 19 years old (born 2 August 1914).&lt;sup&gt;MM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Chang-myung&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lee Chang-myung&lt;/a&gt; played for North Korea at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. He played in all three matches in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt; (Soviet Union, Chile, Italy) and also in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_knockout_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quarterfinals&lt;/a&gt; where North Korea was eliminated by Portugal. He was 19 years old (born 2 January 1947).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Enyeama&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vincent Enyeama&lt;/a&gt; played for Nigeria at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. It was at age 19 (born 29 August 1982). He played in the last match &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in group stage&lt;/a&gt; against England.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Uzoho&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Francis Uzoho&lt;/a&gt; played for Nigeria at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. He played in all three matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;groups stage&lt;/a&gt; (Croatia, Iceland, Argentina). He was 19 at the time (born 28 October 1998).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Women&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An answer that was already posted covers goalkeepers at FIFA Women's World Cup. Here is some additional information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Santiago&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cecilia Santiago&lt;/a&gt; played for Mexico at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. She played in all three matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt; (England, Japan, New Zealand). She was 16 at the time (born 19 October 1994).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Chiejine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ann Chiejine&lt;/a&gt; played for Nigeria at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. She played in all matches in group stage (Germany, Italy, Chinese Taipei). This was at age 17 (born 2 February 1974).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Hui-fang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lin Hui-fang&lt;/a&gt; played for Chinese Taipei at 1991 World Cup. She played in two matches in group stage - against Germany and Nigeria. She was 18 years old (born 6 October 1973).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnea_Quinones&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Linnea Quinones&lt;/a&gt; played for Mexico at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 FIFA Women's World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. She played in all three matches in the group stage (Brazil, Germany, Italy).&#xA;At the age of 18 (born 17 July 1980).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jung-mi_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kim Jung-mi&lt;/a&gt; played for South Korea at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup#Group_D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. She played in all three matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt; (Brazil, France and Noway). She was 18 at the time (born 16 October 1984). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As mentioned above, this is based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:FIFA_World_Cup_squads&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup squad&lt;/a&gt; list on Wikipedia. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The article &lt;a href=&quot;https://24-my.info/2018-world-cup-nigerian-prodigy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 world Cup: Nigerian Prodigy&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180630081304/https://24-my.info/2018-world-cup-nigerian-prodigy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) about Frances Uzoho lists youngest goalkeeper for each individual World Cup.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/history/newsid_1962000/1962689.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934: The flying Egyptian&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180612221752/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/history/newsid_1962000/1962689.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) - an article about Mustafa Kamel Mansour.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mis mundiales by Juan María Alfaro contains a &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=WVgdc0x5sOgC&amp;amp;pg=PA96&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of youngest and oldest goalkeepers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;MM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=204/match=1119/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Report on the FIFA website&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180501225051/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=204/match=1119/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;) lists &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamel_Masoud&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kamel Masoud&lt;/a&gt; as a goalkeeper - which is most likely a mistake since he was a forward. But based on other sources, it seems that Mustafa Mansour indeed played in this match. (Although &lt;a href=&quot;https://24-my.info/2018-world-cup-nigerian-prodigy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the article about Uzozo&lt;/a&gt; also lists Masoud and in &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=WVgdc0x5sOgC&amp;amp;pg=PA96&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mis Mundiales&lt;/a&gt; Mansour is listed as 20 years old.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T12:49:50.337" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T12:49:50.337" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-06-30T06:42:58.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18733" CreationDate="2018-06-30T12:36:14.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the introduction of 32-team group stage (GS) system in 1998:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; year | number of goals during GS | average number of goals during GS&#xA;____________________________________________________________________ &#xA; 2018 |           122             |               2.54&#xA; 2014 |           136             |               2.83&#xA; 2010 |           101             |               2.10&#xA; 2006 |           117             |               2.44&#xA; 2002 |           130             |               2.71&#xA; 1998 |           126             |               2.63&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your impression is &lt;strong&gt;not correct&lt;/strong&gt;. 122 goals were scored during the groups stage of the 2018 World Cup and it was exactly equal to the number of goals expected to be scored during the group stage &lt;code&gt;(136 + 101 + 117 + 130 + 126) / 5 = 122&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_stage&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T12:36:14.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18739" CreationDate="2018-06-30T14:34:40.900" Score="4" ViewCount="437" Body="&lt;p&gt;Germany and Argentina played in the 2014 World Cup final. In 2018, Germany got eliminated in the group stage, and Argentina is the underdog in their round of 16 match against France. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the earliest both finalists of the previous World Cup got eliminated under the current format of 32 teams in 8 groups of 3 with wins earning 3 points, and draws earning 1 point? I'm particularly interested as 4 of the last 5 champions haven't made it out of the group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T14:46:16.910" Title="Earliest the previous World Cup finalists have been eliminated" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18738" CreationDate="2018-06-30T14:46:16.910" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the introduction of 32-team group stage format in 1998, the worst result by the finalists of the previous edition was achieved by &lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt; during the World Cup 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of the finalists of the previous edition earned the last places in their groups not making it to the knockout stage. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt; scored 2 points, while &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;France&lt;/a&gt; got only one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T14:46:16.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18724" CreationDate="2018-06-30T16:58:44.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unauthorized marks don't require the ref to interrupt the game as you have already quoted from the LotG, so scoring a goal is completely fine. After that, the player can be cautioned. The ball is out of play when the goal is scored. The goal is good, because offenses preventing the goal from being good are the ones that have to be called right away. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is in play either side can score a goal, otherwise it would be impossible to draw the line of where you're allowed to score again. This also includes cautionable fouls where the other teams keeps the ball (advantage) and loses it some time later. The ball would still be in play in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second offense is somewhat tricky, but if the ref doesn't know who the goalkeeper is it's plain bad luck. So when the ref doesn't know who the goalie in charge is and an on-field player uses his hands I'd call a penalty. Because if there are two offences at the same time you need to call the worse one. In this case it's a penalty for handling the ball. The player just wasn't allowed to switch places without notifying the referee. Depending on the situation (preventing a good goal or just catching a cross) the player has to be cautioned or even sent off and the goal he threw does not count, because handling the ball is an offense that stops the play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T17:05:38.310" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T17:05:38.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4964" CreationDate="2018-06-30T17:22:57.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more up-to-date answer for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup 2018&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;Points obtained in all group matches; &lt;li&gt;Goal difference in&#xA;  all group matches; &lt;li&gt;Number of goals scored in all group matches;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Points obtained in the matches played between the teams in&#xA;  question; &lt;li&gt;Goal difference in the matches played between the teams&#xA;  in question; &lt;li&gt;Number of goals scored in the matches played between&#xA;  the teams in question; &lt;li&gt;Fair play points in all group matches (only&#xA;  one of these deductions shall be applied to a player in a single&#xA;  match): &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;First yellow card: minus 1 point; &lt;li&gt;Indirect red&#xA;  card (second yellow card): minus 3 points; &lt;li&gt;Direct red card: minus&#xA;  4 points; &lt;li&gt;Yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee. &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15628" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T18:23:35.317" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T18:23:35.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-01T12:09:43.767" Score="0" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have some abstract sport, where for each player his/her &lt;code&gt;rating&lt;/code&gt; (some number) is known. Then players participate in competition, and the scoreboard is made, placing each player at some place. I need to develop or find any system that can recalculate rating for each player based on his/her previous rating and their place at competition. I know about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elo rating system&lt;/a&gt;, but I can't come up with an idea to make it suit my need (Elo rating is for competitions where players compete head-to-head). Is there anything to adapt for me or any ideas I can use? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15631" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T14:44:23.603" Title="Rating system for many-to-many competitions" Tags="|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18746" CreationDate="2018-07-01T14:21:57.953" Score="10" ViewCount="7589" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game between Spain and Russia, in the World Cup 2018, one Russian defender (Ignashevich) tackled a Spanish player (Ramos) inside the Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_area&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;penalty area&lt;/a&gt; (video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmg5rXVzjDo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px_vhi7_Wik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). This was technically a foul, and thus a penalty for Spain. However, right after the tackle, the ball hit Ignashevich and entered the Russian goal. Thus, it was an own goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in terms of timing, the foul happened before the goal. Thus, why is a penalty not given? Why give the goal to Spain, instead of giving them the &lt;em&gt;chance&lt;/em&gt; to score, but without 100% probability of doing so? Surely, if the time difference between the foul and the own-goal had been longer, the referee would have given the penalty. But if so, isn't this just an arbitrary application of the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (based on comment asking for more info)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would the foul be given before the goal awarded? Because technically, the foul happened first. You can think of the strict rule being something like &quot;IF foul, THEN penalty&quot;, whereas in practice it seems more like &quot;IF foul AND goal AND goal-foul &gt; epsilon, then penalty&quot;. Thus, only if the time difference is long enough would the penalty be given. But if epsilon is small enough (so the goal happens just after the foul), then the goal is given. This seems to me arbitrary. Sure, there are technical limitations involved in the referee (e.g. when epsilon is too small, the referee has little capacity to react in time). But the current approach seems to be based on assumptions by players that, if a goal happens after a penalty foul, it will be awarded. Maybe the VAR can precisely help to reduce the arbitrariness of rules like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T08:34:12.990" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T08:34:12.990" Title="Why is a penalty not given if a goal comes right after the foul?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18744" CreationDate="2018-07-01T15:04:51.047" Score="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is due to the advantage rule, From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/powers-and-duties-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game - Law 5: The Referee - 3. Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee allows play to continue when an offence occurs and the&#xA;  non-offending team will benefit from the advantage and penalises the&#xA;  offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or&#xA;  within a few seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee allowed to play on advantage because Spaniards (non-offending team) benefited from it (they scored a goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T15:04:51.047" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18747" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18748" CreationDate="2018-07-01T16:00:01.383" Score="13" ViewCount="5604" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is about World Cup extra time rules, but I guess it applies to FIFA in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About the FIFA extra time period, the rules say the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It shall always consist of two periods of 15 minutes each, with an&#xA;  interval of five minutes at the end of normal playing time, but not&#xA;  between the two periods of extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the complete 30 minutes are always played. You don't win if you're ahead at the end of the first 15-minute period. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if there is no time between the extra periods, and you don't win at the end of one of them, why aren't they simply combined into a single 30-minute period?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15633" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T09:23:28.137" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T09:23:28.137" Title="Why is the FIFA overtime period divided into two halves?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18747" CreationDate="2018-07-01T16:43:26.843" Score="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is required so that teams are able to change sides of the field for the same technical reasons why they change sides at half-time, e.g, equal field/weather conditions, wind direction, fan seating, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that now rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match_2018/chapters/half-time-interval-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 - The Duration of the Match - 2. Half-time interval&lt;/a&gt;) explicitly state that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players are entitled to an interval at half-time, not exceeding 15&#xA;  minutes; a short drinks break &lt;strong&gt;(which should not exceed one minute)&lt;/strong&gt; is&#xA;  permitted at the interval of half-time in extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: &lt;em&gt;the bold text has been added to the rules in 2016&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T09:22:42.597" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T09:22:42.597" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18744" CreationDate="2018-07-01T18:13:29.437" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I shall leave details of the specific clauses that are relevant, and why this  situation falls under their jurisdiction. Instead I shall address why you would want to design the rules like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you give the foul, then the defending team has benefited from the foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A foul should never be more appealing than not-fouling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposing you implemented the rules as you describe. Then, and at some point an attacker has a huge breakaway run, where he's passed all the defenders.&#xA;Some other defender in the other half of the pitch, might choose to push over an opponent, just to stop play, prevent the attacker from having the chance to score, and being the ball back into the other had of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, if the rules permitted such choices with no penalisation, then the whole game would break-down, into a mess of tactical fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15635" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T18:13:29.437" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18750" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-01T21:19:38.207" Score="5" ViewCount="618" Body="&lt;p&gt;A theoretical situation brought to mind by the recent Croatia-Denmark game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the world cup final. I'm a defender for Aland. Its the final minute of extra time and we look certain to go to penalties... Aland always loses in penalties. Our opponents Bland on the other hand are pretty good at them...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I make a decision. I go up to the Bland goalkeeper and knock him out with a right hook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sent off. But I don't care. I'm not one of my team's top penalty takers anyway. Actually its better that I don't have to take one as I'm sure to sky the ball, better it would loop back to our strikers asap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since Bland have lost their keeper in the dying minutes they lose the penalty shoot out easily. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is certain that I'd be remembered as a 10x worse than Maradonna level unsporting scum bag in this situation. Perhaps banned from football for life? Certain I can never visit Bland...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But... Could there be legal consequences outside the game for such a blatant foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do these not apply in deliberate fouls of the like we saw in the recent Denmark-Croatia game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15641" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T00:42:22.740" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T06:19:58.320" Title="Consequences outside the game for grievous fouls in football?" Tags="|football|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18714" CreationDate="2018-07-01T21:53:48.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Nate Silver in &lt;em&gt;The Signal and the Noise&lt;/em&gt; a major reason that Baseball is so amenable to analysis is that it's played a lot more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Topflight baseball schedules have &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_schedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;162 games a season&lt;/a&gt; whereas topflight football has far fewer. For example, in the English Premier League each team plays just 38 games a year in the league. There are additional games from various knock-our tournaments - and some players, obviously, take international duty for additional games - but this does not come close to reaching the number of games in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because player's performances vary between matches and over time, the sample size of different matches is extremely important in the ability to distinguish genuinely good players from luckier ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15642" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T21:53:48.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18750" CreationDate="2018-07-01T21:54:42.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Punishment for serious fouls extend beyond the match and beyond the competition. It may even affect the player when playing with his team (besides the national selection) and therefore impairing his ability to make money as a professional player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez#Signing_and_suspension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luís Suárez was found guilty of biting another player in the 2014 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. For several months, he was banned from any football related activity, even from training with his club. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case in the question would be very similar to this one. Therefore, the answer is yes, we could expect such a blatant foul to have consequences outside the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15639" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T21:54:42.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18750" CreationDate="2018-07-01T21:56:01.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But...Could there be legal consequences outside the game for such a blatant foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely. Laws are not suspended when somebody steps onto a football field. Perhaps the most famous incident of this type was when &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Ferguson#Convictions_for_physical_altercations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duncan Ferguson headbutted John McStay&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/news/soccer-player-jailed-for-foul-play-1577101.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ferguson was jailed for three months for assault&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do these not apply in deliberate fouls of the like we saw in the recent Denmark-Croatia game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least under English law, it's tricky to see what offence has been committed in this sort of scenario. (I'm well aware the World Cup is not in venues where English law has jurisdiction, but I know nothing about Russian law, so...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T21:56:01.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18754" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T03:00:48.260" Score="3" ViewCount="1744" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, why do multiple offensive players often stand near the ball during a direct free kick, when only one of them is going to end up taking it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tactically, wouldn't it benefit the attacking team to put more numbers near the goal box in order to, say, collect a rebound? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15646" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T16:55:50.370" Title="Why do multiple offensive players stand near the ball during a free kick?" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18724" CreationDate="2018-07-02T03:10:57.487" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither of the two suggested restarts are correct. The correct restart is a kick-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Laws would explicitly state that a goal was to be disallowed for either of these offences, just as it does for Laws &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.7&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/goal-scored-with-an-extra-person-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.9&lt;/a&gt;, if that was what was intended. Just to clarify, if a substitute enters the field of play and does not interfere with play, they are cautioned when the ball next goes out of play (according to Law &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/extra-persons-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.7&lt;/a&gt;) - the referee is not permitted to stop play. However, if a goal is scored, Law &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/goal-scored-with-an-extra-person-on-the-field-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.9&lt;/a&gt; states that the goal is disallowed, and a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team from their position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For both a goalkeeper changing places without permission, and a player making unauthorised marks on the field of play, there is no similar provision in the Laws of the Game. The goal is allowed, and the player(s) concerned are cautioned before the kick-off - just as stated in Laws &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-field-of-play-2018/chapters/field-markings-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1.2&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-2018/chapters/offences-and-sanctions-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.5&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T03:10:57.487" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18754" CreationDate="2018-07-02T05:37:06.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tactically, it provides choices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defenders will set up in particular areas in and around the box, leaving others more open. Attackers in those open areas are more likely to be free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Added to this is the effect of drawing runners. When an attacker begins to lead  in one direction, the defender marking them will follow, changing the exact location of the open areas and who the free attackers are. Depending on the runs made, a different angle or curl on the free kick may be needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if the defenders are marking zonal, the attacking leads can be made to one particular area and create an overload there. With more attackers per defender, the odds that an attacker touches it onto goal or plays it to another free attacker go up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if it is a direct free kick, and the team has a player with strength in taking long free kicks, the added threat of this player makes the goalkeeper's job that much more difficult: is it going direct or to another attacker, and where? Having a second kicker multiplies the number of threats on goal and increases the odds of scoring from the kick. Note that even if the free kick is indirect, a second kicker can take a shot from a very small pass by the first kicker, creating the opportunity where a single kicker could not legally score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T06:04:18.517" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T06:04:18.517" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18750" CreationDate="2018-07-02T06:19:58.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, as stated in the other answers, a foul can have legal consequences. To add another example: Dutch Sparta Rotterdam player Rachid Bouaouzan was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachid_Bouaouzan#Sparta_and_The_Kokmeijer_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;taken to court for battery&lt;/a&gt; and subsequently sentenced a six-month conditional jail sentence. This happened after he had broken another player's leg with a horrific tackle. He had to pay compensation to Kokmeijer, the player whose leg he had broken, since Kokmeijer had to retire from professional football.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It does not happen very often, however a few years back there was another Dutch case where a player was &lt;a href=&quot;https://nos.nl/nieuwsuur/artikel/2190656-rechter-legt-met-taakstraf-bom-onder-voetbaltackle.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;found guilty by the court&lt;/a&gt; (source in Dutch) and had to pay a 9000 euro fine and perform community service after a tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15649" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T06:19:58.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T07:37:37.890" Score="3" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the penalty shootout of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331498/#match-summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croatia vs Denmark of World Cup 2018&lt;/a&gt;, in Croatia's 2nd shot (Andrej Kramarić vs Kasper Schmeichel), when Kramarić was running for a shot, &lt;strong&gt;he paused briefly before continued to run for the shot, then shot&lt;/strong&gt; and scored a goal. Schmeichel fell for the trick, thus missed the ball. Right after the goal, Schmeichel showed expression claiming Kramarić's procedure was a foul/invalid conduct. However the referee acknowledged his goal and let the match continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: In FIFA's rules, during a penalty shootout, is it a foul or misconduct if a shooter pauses briefly while running or before a shot to trick the goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(A note: I do recall reading the rule somewhere, stating that the mentioned &quot;trick&quot; is indeed a foul for unsportmanlike conduct, but I cannot find the source or citation anymore. I might have remembered it wrong, though.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15653" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T10:45:20.013" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T10:45:20.013" Title="Is it a foul to pause during a run-for-shot in penalty shootout?" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-07-02T11:13:08.843" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18759" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18764" CreationDate="2018-07-02T13:00:48.450" Score="6" ViewCount="987" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the longest duration over which a football game ran in which there was no foul or ball going out of court?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically game went on without any interruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which game and how long was the duration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am interested in country vs country matches or national level club games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15664" LastEditorUserId="15664" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T16:58:23.510" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T10:41:18.510" Title="Longest uninterrupted session in a single football game" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18760" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T15:03:30.873" Score="14" ViewCount="11343" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can see this for instance when players discuss a free kick, or talk to the referee, or when talking to a colleague on the pitch. I understand the fear of being spied on by someone and communicating information to the opponent. But really? Has this ever been a thing? I mean, no one can pass such quickly passed information to anyone. For example, when two players discuss a free-kick, no one will be able to inform the goalkeeper of anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also, can untrained people really read the lips of other players so easily, especially if it is in another language? Players might suspect a translator off the pitch, perhaps looking with binoculars, could help with the translation, but again, this information, if ever accurate, could be very slow to transmit, and hence become useless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the real question is, why bother? Has such information ever been used against a team? This trend in covering the mouth became widespread, in my experience, around 5 years ago. Thus, for example, in most World Cups ever played, this was not a thing. Why the sudden concern? Does FIFA have anything to say about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-06T07:33:30.070" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T07:33:30.070" Title="Why do footballers (and coaches) cover their mouth when speaking to each other?" Tags="|football|trivia|coaching|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18760" CreationDate="2018-07-02T15:59:04.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The players cover their mouths so no-one can understand what they are talking about. This is not something new, but as games are covered with more cameras in more angles the mouth covering becomes more common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're right to point that it is unlikely to pass the info players talk about back to the pitch for that play. But teammates can talk about strategies the coaches have designed ahead of times specially during set plays. For example if the team has 3 good moves for a free kick near the penalty box, they could go over each strategy to agree on which move to make. While having someone lipread them and propagate the info back to the field is not beneficial to the opposing at that very moment, if the players don't cover their mouths they have unveiled team strategies for anyone watching the game, and hence giving advantage to their future opponents. So in our example the opposing teams in the future games will know of the 3 strategies, so the team with players who didn't cover their mouths can be at a disadvantage. While playing in high stake tournaments like the World Cup which also happens only once every 4 years, you can safely assumes teams spend such resources to find out about opponents strategies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another time players cover their mouths is when talking trash and insulting one another, you see these when players of opposing teams cover their mouths when talking. They do so to avoid possible suspensions and/or having to talk about what they just said in news conferences. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The covering of the mouth is also common in other sports such as basketball where the field of play is smaller and there are fewer players on the field. This means that having a camera on one player at all times is realistic and so it is much easier to lipread what they say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T11:27:00.377" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T11:27:00.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18760" CreationDate="2018-07-02T16:32:57.153" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general belief around this is that they do not want to give away important tactical information to their rivals on the pitch, or watching on TV. Another common belief is that actually they are hiding their mouths so that their words cannot be interpreted via lip reading from footage. But it's not only in football: this happens in many team sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the 2014 FIFA World Cup some media outlets used lip reading experts to reveal insight, thoughts and strategy. From this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/28038334&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;bbc.com&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luiz Felipe Scolari's squad have taken to covering their mouths on the pitch to stop intrusive Brazilian television stations from gaining an unwelcome insight into their thoughts and strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One programme, &lt;strong&gt;TV Globo's Fantastico, revealed some of Scolari's advice to his players&lt;/strong&gt; during the World Cup opener between Brazil and Croatia...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Brazilian coach Scolari told a press conference regarding lip reading:] &amp;quot;We are not free to work on the pitch anymore.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking a line from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Why-do-football-soccer-players-cover-their-mouths-by-hand-while-speaking-both-to-the-same-and-opposing-teams-players&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;quora answer&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid cameras, so that the media does not conjure a syllable out of thin air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that same BBC article, Brazil's reserve goalkeeper Jefferson stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sometimes there are tough, ugly words and this is normal. But some TV shows make a big fuss about it.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One another reason for this might be to amplify the voice - from an article in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/5035698/reason-players-cover-mouths-on-pitch-nathan-redmond/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;thesun.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Renowned PR consultant Phil Hall, who has worked with some of the biggest clubs and names in the Premier League, says no-one is being advised to cover up to protect vital team plans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hall said: &amp;quot;A player once told me one of the main reasons they do it is, sometimes you are doing it when you are close to somebody, it &lt;strong&gt;amplifies your voice&lt;/strong&gt; so they can hear you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hall again states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In NFL there is a whole pattern of tactics and play calls that can be read by a lip reader, but in football the game is just not that structured where it could potentially make a difference.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The articles I am referencing mention that players are not actually briefed to talk like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/28038334&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup 2014: Brazil players cover mouths to block lip-reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/5035698/reason-players-cover-mouths-on-pitch-nathan-redmond/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real reason players cover their mouths on the pitch...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://metro.co.uk/2018/06/28/footballers-cover-mouths-talking-7655496/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why do footballers cover their mouths when they are talking?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Why-do-football-soccer-players-cover-their-mouths-by-hand-while-speaking-both-to-the-same-and-opposing-teams-players&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why do football (soccer) players cover their mouths by hand while speaking both to the same and opposing team's players?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2018/2773860/why-do-players-cover-their-mouths-footballers-spotted-secretly-communicating-during-games-ahead-of-world-cup-2018/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why do players cover their mouths?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T13:05:28.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18754" CreationDate="2018-07-02T16:55:50.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having multiple players by the ball can allow for more offensive opportunities. It doesn't mean that it will create better chances, but if played correctly, having 2 or maybe 3 players behind the ball allows for having more opportunities to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right footed players's crosses and shots naturally curve to the right and back in, and the opposite is true for the left footed players. Now consider having a free kick. having players of opposite dominant foot allows for both curves. It leaves the goalie with less information on how the shot or the cross would travel if there was only one player behind the ball. The defenders also can't prepare with certainty either. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By having multiple players behind the balls you can draw up plays you simply couldn't otherwise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of those plays is for the free kick taker to pass the ball to another player behind the ball, and have them take the shot or pass it back for the taker for a shot. This is done when there is not enough space for a shot, by making a pass (although a short one) more space is created and it becomes easier to clear the ball around the opponent's wall. A good and recent example of such play is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDMuhgabjbo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tony Kroos's goal&lt;/a&gt; game winning goal for Germany against Sweden in the group round of the 2018 World Cup. The free kick spot was far too much on the left and almost impossible to score from. But a small pass of about 4 or 5 feet was enough for Kroos to bend the ball by the defenders and score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possibility is that you can have players fake taking a shot which can make the defenders and the goalie move to the wrong direction, opening up space for another player to immediately take the shot after him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly you can have one of the player behind the ball go for a run. Defenders can't mark players behind the ball as they have to be 10 yards behind the ball, this is was the wall is formed. So one of the players behind the ball can run away and find himself in some open space for a better option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can't directly score from all free kicks in soccer. Some kicks are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_free_kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;indirect&lt;/a&gt;, meaning that if you kick it straight in the net, the goal wouldn't count. In this case passing the ball to another player behind the ball or crossing it for other teammates is necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T16:55:50.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18759" CreationDate="2018-07-02T17:11:16.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-longest-duration-a-ball-has-been-in-play-in-a-football-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Quora thread&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I remember this particular phase in a Premier League game involving&#xA;  Manchester United and Blackburn which ended 1–1. Manchester United&#xA;  played around 10 minutes(!) of uninterrupted football - aimlessly&#xA;  passing the ball at the back as a draw was enough for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&amp;amp;v=PAML9SSpILI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15668" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T10:41:18.510" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T10:41:18.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T17:29:18.923" Score="0" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember one time Sergio Garcia spat into the hole after retrieving the ball out of the hole. Can anybody identify which tournament this took place at? I don't remember if this was before or after his win at the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15670" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T18:01:44.747" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T18:02:46.667" Title="In which tournament did Sergio Garcia spit into the hole?" Tags="|golf|match-identification|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18765" CreationDate="2018-07-02T17:43:32.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stltoday.com/sports/spitting-in-sports-is-common-act/article_7cda1f80-392f-11e0-96d0-00127992bc8b.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stltoday.com&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... on the 13th hole at the CA Championship at Doral Country Club, Garcia spit into the pin cup after retrieving his ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS6dA6ngKok&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Youtube link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T17:43:32.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18765" CreationDate="2018-07-02T17:56:43.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sergio Garcia Garcia literally spit into the &lt;strong&gt;pin cup&lt;/strong&gt; after retrieving his ball at the &lt;strong&gt;13th hole&lt;/strong&gt; during the &lt;strong&gt;third round of the CA Championship.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/golf/columns/story?columnist=kreidler_mark&amp;amp;id=2814226&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15667" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T18:02:46.667" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T18:02:46.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18768" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T18:50:09.273" Score="3" ViewCount="1605" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve been watching quite a lot of tennis this year, and I’ve been noticing a tendency among many professional tennis players—particularly noticeable in women players, for some reason—to crouch down fairly low when waiting for their opponent to serve, and then straighten halfway back up just before the opponent actually serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftptennis.net/ftp-tennis-college/ftp-tennis-college-courses/technical-tennis/the-forehand/section-03-the-ready-position/section-04-the-ready-position-common-mistakes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This FTP Tennis page&lt;/a&gt; describes crouching down too low as a common ready-position mistake, borne out of people observing this precise crouch, but missing the player straightening back up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, here are two pictures of Novak Ðoković in the two positions in question, taken from the same page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crouching:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kFGis.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Ðoković crouching&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Straightening:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EYLjb.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Ðoković straightening&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the player usually ends up in a ready position which is almost identical to the position they were in before they crouched down, I can’t help but wonder why they do the initial low crouch at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not just go directly into the final ready position? Wouldn’t that be easier?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:47:11.520" LastActivityDate="2022-06-21T07:14:31.557" Title="Why do many tennis players crouch-then-uncrouch before receiving a serve?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18769" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-02T19:05:15.203" Score="1" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wish to get a grounds pass for Wimbledon. My plan was to get to the queue at about 7am. I have seen some people say that I wouldn't get in until 1pm doing so, however they are talking about show court tickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I only want a grounds pass, not a show court ticket. Approximately how long would I have to wait if I arrived early in the morning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a different queue for grounds passes compared with show court tickets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="3582" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T09:40:47.077" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T09:40:47.077" Title="Queueing at Wimbledon for a Grounds Pass: When Can I Expect to Get In?" Tags="|tennis|fans|wimbledon|spectators|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18768" CreationDate="2018-07-02T19:08:50.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Part of why I do it, as a reasonably high standard player myself, is that it gets the weight moving forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're just stood flatfooted waiting for the serve, when you then try to move you have to get your weight moving. You want to be pushing off forward after the splitstep (as one should hit shots while moving forward), so doing the crouch then moving up and forward helps with this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see some players start with their feet wide apart and one quite a distance in front of the other (I often do this myself). As their opponent starts to serve, the player pulls the back foot forward, getting the weight moving forward, and lands a splitstep as the serve is hit: they are then ready to move forward to be hitting a better shot, and side-to-side with the splitstep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T05:02:47.780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T05:02:47.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13050" CreationDate="2018-07-02T22:18:38.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume you are asking about &quot;official&quot; foosball rules (ITSF)? Otherwise, there can be definitions just about everything because your local home games can make rules up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ITSF, there's no &quot;random&quot; shots, all shots that goes in, will count as a normal point (if it's shot legally). There's no point in tracking them any differently. How would one really define a random shot? It would depend entire on player skill, some player can reliably see a gap and place a 2-bar shot straight in or even bank it in, but another less skilled player might do that &quot;randomly&quot;... How would you determine that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In high level gameplay, almost no shot &quot;randomly&quot; goes in. Even a quick pickup and attempt on goal from a loose ball is general high percentage because of proper angling and lightning fast aiming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15677" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T22:18:38.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18760" CreationDate="2018-07-03T06:06:56.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because they don't want to get their lips read, not in the match but after that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually when you are playing a team sport, you have various codes, more or less hideous, that are useful to communicate to your team which plays or strategies you have to use in that moment regarding the training. Maybe it's a bit exagerated but seing Neymar saying &quot;hey we are going to do the 3.14&quot; and then do some trained play over and over is useful for the rival team when you are preparing for the match, knowing how that sentence sounds, when they are more used to use it, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think that before every match, the team and most of all the trainers, watch several matches of the next rival several times to try and achieve the most understanding possible of how they play, what are their strategies, their favourite plays, etc. Often times the team sends a few persons to watch the rival training in order to know wich strategy will use against you in your next match by seeing what is the focus of the training. Imagine also knowing the codes and how they use it or how it sounds. That would be another advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15683" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T06:06:56.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18663" CreationDate="2018-07-03T15:55:50.610" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is called a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you assume you have a 50% chance of winning each set.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For up 1-0 in a 3 sets&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Take 1 - chance of losing the rest&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1 - (.5 x .5) = .75    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you think they are better or worse than .5 then plug in any number you want. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up 2-1 in 5 set match is the same math.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="10789" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T13:43:31.363" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T13:43:31.363" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18786" CreationDate="2018-07-03T18:19:39.693" Score="10" ViewCount="725" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick-2018/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick - 1. Procedure&lt;/a&gt; explicitly states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The defending goalkeeper must remain on the goal line, facing the&#xA;  kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, from the image below, it's obvious that Schmeichel left the goal line before Modrić touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FuskD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FuskD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/5_iIW2DZ8nc?t=1m31s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Youtube channel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wasn't the referee supposed to caution Schmeichel and and call a retake according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick-2018/chapters/penalty-kick-offences-and-sanctions-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick - Offences and Sanctions&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, before the ball is in play, [...] the goalkeeper or a team-mate&#xA;  offends:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken; the goalkeeper is cautioned if responsible for the offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the introduction of VAR, this offence had to be immediately noticed. Why referees are so merciful to the offending team when goalkeepers don't respect the penalty procedures? This type of offence occurs quite often in the game and I don't understand why referees tolerate it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-23T17:57:26.680" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T17:57:26.680" Title="Hasn't Kasper Schmeichel broke the rules when saving Modrić's penalty during the World Cup 2018, Round of 16 match between Croatia and Denmark?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|penalty-shot|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18780" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18783" CreationDate="2018-07-03T22:24:07.143" Score="2" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;It says in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, under &quot;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a&#xA;  player: [...] uses a deliberate trick to pass the ball (including from&#xA;  a free kick) to the goalkeeper with the head, chest, knee etc. to&#xA;  circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball&#xA;  with the hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if a deliberate high pass from one defender to another, who then heads it back to his keeper, is considered to be a trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14677" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T22:34:58.590" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T09:30:00.150" Title="Is it legal to use a trick involving another player to pass the ball to the keeper without kicking it?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18780" CreationDate="2018-07-04T02:19:42.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you have described it not a trick, nor is it illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first player has simply played an aerial pass to another defender. This is not a deliberate trick to circumvent the Law. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second player has simply headed an aerial ball back to the goalkeeper, at a height that a player would be reasonably expected to head the ball. This is not a deliberate trick to circumvent the Law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A deliberate trick to circumvent the Law would, for example, include, but not be limited to: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player flicking the ball up to their head or knee and then playing it back to the keeper with the head or knee, or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;heading or knee sliding the ball from off the ground back to their goalkeeper, that is, a position where playing it with the knee or head would be abnormal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any team that attempts the scenario outlined in your question this puts themselves at a considerable disadvantage. A poorly-skilled team would possibly fail to make a high pass at the right height, or the header would be difficult for the keeper to get to. This could see a loss of possession in their defending third.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the highest levels of the game, even if the high pass was made perfectly and the header was directly to the keeper's hands, a defending striker would have a good chance of intercepting the high pass (since they generally move slower) or the header back to the goalkeeper. Either way, the defender making the header would be under significant pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deliberate trickery to circumvent the Law is rare enough that it is obvious when it occurs. Referees should not go hunting for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T09:30:00.150" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T09:30:00.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18778" CreationDate="2018-07-04T06:53:05.577" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;He leaves the goal line right when the shot is taken. This is quite normal behavior and accepted by the referees. It is very hard to see and the referee also has to watch the other players when they try to go after the ball too early, which makes it even harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Tbj5.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Tbj5.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While he's not standing exactly on the line (which is tolerated to some extent.. the referees don't blow the whistle for every inch and from his position he probably didn't even see the small space between Schmeichel and the goal line) he's jumping forward like 1/100 before the kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's nothing the VAR should interfere with. They're only there to interfere with blatantly wrong decisions or the &quot;big four&quot;, not to have any bad call overthrown. In this situation it is very close and not blatantly wrong. A goal would have been reviewed, but that would have saved Kaspar Schmeichel anyway, because of the Law you've mentioned (&quot;&lt;em&gt;if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;big four&quot; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goals and offences leading up to a goal (well.. he saved it here, so no goal = no VAR review)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalty decisions and offences leading up to a penalty (the reason for a penalty, not the penalty shot itself)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Direct red card incidents only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mistaken identity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/innovations/var-at-the-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's an illegal position by a few inches.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No, it's nothing for the VAR to review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T06:53:05.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18778" CreationDate="2018-07-04T07:04:33.160" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are likely two possible reasons this technical breach of the Laws was not penalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offence was so minor that the referee was unable to detect it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee applied his discretion under Law 5, Section 2, Paragraph 1, deciding that it would be inappropriate to penalise such a minor offence with a caution and retake.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/decisions-of-the-referee-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5, Section 2, Paragraph 1&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Decisions will be made to the best of the referee`s ability according to the Laws of the Game and the ‘spirit of the game’ and will be based on the opinion of the referee who has the discretion to take appropriate action within the framework of the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The change in 2017 to mandate a caution for any goalkeeper infringement that results in the retaking of a penalty kick has made referees far more reluctant to penalise this offence, given that doing so now has a massive effect on the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18785/3526&quot;&gt;other answer&lt;/a&gt;, VAR would not intervene here, as only goals, offences resulting in the awarding of a penalty kick, direct send-offs and mistaken identity are reviewable. Curiously enough, if a goal had been scored and the attacking team had encroached by entering the penalty area or penalty arc before the kick was taken, this would be reviewable (if seen to be a clear and obvious error).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T07:04:33.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18789" CreationDate="2018-07-04T07:26:34.820" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team executive apparently influences a player from another team to join them without prior knowledge or permission to that player's current team, it's considered tampering, and teams have been fined for this in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the most recent cases like Lebron James and Paul George, if an upcoming free agent is contacted by another team to convince the player to sign with them, is this still considered tampering?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T13:22:03.060" Title="Tampering with players" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18788" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-04T08:30:44.307" Score="0" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule should the Goalkeeper save the penalty, (as in a case I experienced), &lt;strong&gt;the ref blows his whistle&lt;/strong&gt; then the ball which went away from goal had some backspin on it and slowly proceeded to make its way into the net while the keeper was celebrating winning the shoot out with his team.  Objections from the opposing Manager resulted in the kick being taken again and this time they scored and we went from winning to losing the shot out.&#xA; Anyone know what should have happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15700" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T09:00:38.613" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T18:05:37.867" Title="Penalty Shot out" Tags="|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-07-04T18:38:27.767" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18787" CreationDate="2018-07-04T13:16:22.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;July 1 is when teams can begin negotiating with free agents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams cannot contact a player under contract nor their agent. The player must be a free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not even supposed to talk to the press about wanting a player.  Forget who it was but I think it was Doc Rivers commented a player was good and would be a good fit on his team.  Not sure if he got fined or the league just told that pushes tampering and don't do it any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player has a player option but they have not yet declined the player option I am not sure.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="10789" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T13:22:03.060" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T13:22:03.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20625" CreationDate="2018-07-04T13:42:23.110" Score="6" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Few months ago, a track and field runner &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/spain/carles-castillejo-195623&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carles Castillejo&lt;/a&gt; was involved in something quite interesting: he wanted to qualify to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaafvalencia2018.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF World Half Marathon Championship 2018&lt;/a&gt; in Valencia, Spain, to be held in March 24.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He tried to get the minim time in Barcelona on February 11 but he failed due to a flu: &lt;a href=&quot;https://edreamsmitjabarcelona.com/resultados/2018/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;he ran in 1h 04:57&lt;/a&gt;, while he needed 1h 04:30.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since he felt he was capable to get the time, he managed to do so in a particular way: he ran the marathon of Seville on February 25, only that running the first half marathon in a fast pace, which would count as official time. As indicated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.maratonradio.com/podcast-running-tour-20180216-carles-castillejo-a-por-todas-en-el-zurich-maraton-sevilla&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carles Castillejo, a por todas en el Zurich Maratón Sevilla&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Spanish, translation mine&lt;/sub&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He will be the pacemaker up to the km 15 of the race. Then, he will try to make the half marathon in 1h 04 to get the classification [to the World Half Marathon Championship]. &lt;strong&gt;To make a valid time he must finish the race&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As explained by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/boulaid-tuwei-win-seville-marathon-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IAAF on Seville's marathon report&lt;/a&gt;, this is what happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The men’s race opened at a frantic pace as the two kilometre point was reached in 5:55, ten seconds ahead of schedule. Once the organisers managed to slow the pacesetters, it was the first pacer, Spain’s Carlos Castillejo, who led the main group through 10 kilometres in 29:58. All the main favourites were tucked in behind him except for Spain’s Jesús España who opted to travel in a second group, well behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Castillejo, 39, led the lead group through the halfway point in 1:03:30&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that, he just managed to arrive to the end with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.strava.com/activities/1425198070&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an approximate time of 2h 23&lt;/a&gt;, which just did not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: under which circumstances is this possible? What if the marathon was just going down for 21 km and then going back up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Foot note: he finally could not run with his national team, due to some law interpretation problems. However, he ran the mass race just behind the professional one and managed to overtake most of the runners, as described by the IAAF in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/carles-castillejo-world-half-marathon-champio&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Castillejo comes out from the crowd&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T18:27:41.717" Title="Under what circumstances the half race passing time in a marathon qualifies for a half marathon competition?" Tags="|rules|running|marathon|half-marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8717" CreationDate="2018-07-04T13:53:07.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No teams have had alternating units to my knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes more sense to rest your starters with the most minutes.  It is easier to play 1/2 of 2 games than all of 1 game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spurs did not bring Tim Duncan, Tony Parker, Manu Ginobili or Danny Green to Miami one year. Last game of a 6 game road trip, an act in which the Spurs were fined.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless a player is listed as injured they must be present on the bench during games. The league must be notified in advance of any players that will be rested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On some teams a starter will play with the second team to make practice more even. Pippen played with the second team to guard Jordan during their practices. When a game is looking to end in a blowout you would often see Pippen out there with the second team near the end of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-07-05T07:27:53.003" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T07:27:53.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18792" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-04T13:54:53.797" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T13:54:53.797" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T13:54:53.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18793" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-04T13:54:53.797" Score="0" Body="For questions about the half marathon." OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T14:35:36.330" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T14:35:36.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18788" CreationDate="2018-07-04T17:31:41.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick-2018/chapters/penalty-kick-procedure-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game - Law 14 – The Penalty Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The penalty kick is completed when the ball stops moving, goes out of play or&#xA;  the referee stops play for any offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee erred by blowing the whistle before the procedure outlined above was complete. The goal should have stood instead of being retaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="639" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T18:05:37.867" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T18:05:37.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18797" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18798" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" Score="0" Body="For questions about spectators, the audience of a sports event, especially when physically present at the event itself." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T07:45:30.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18743" CreationDate="2018-07-05T14:44:23.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're interested in use (more than in development), you should give a try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rankade&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, our skill based ranking system. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opposite to &lt;strong&gt;Elo&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Glicko&lt;/strong&gt;  (here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/ree#ranking-system-comparison&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;comparison&lt;/a&gt;), rankade can manage any kind of match (one-on-one, faction vs. faction (two teams, which may be asymmetrical),&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;multiplayer&lt;/strong&gt;, multi-faction, cooperative games, single player games, and so on), so you can insert &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; match with &lt;em&gt;Alice 5, Bob 4, Chris 3&lt;/em&gt; (an more, up to 30 factions) output.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10203" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T14:44:23.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18801" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-05T16:41:43.267" Score="0" ViewCount="1458" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am confused about what counts as a break in snooker. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; have the following paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Break&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  A break is a number of pots in successive strokes made in any one turn by a player during a frame.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I read it, it seems to me that potting 1 ball during a turn is counted as a break (&quot;a number of pots&quot; - 1 or more). However, commentators from my country are saying that a break is consisting of sequence of potted balls which implies (at least in my language) that at least 2 balls must be potted to say that the player made a break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is potting 1 ball enough for the break or it needs more than 1 ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15714" LastActivityDate="2023-01-19T08:00:30.617" Title="Is potting 1 ball in a turn a break in snooker?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18802" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-05T16:44:47.280" Score="5" ViewCount="2795" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since they signed Boogie Cousins, the Golden State Warriors will have five all-stars from the previous season on their roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this happened before? If not, has a team ever had 5 all-stars on their roster from any point of a player's career other than the 2004 Lakers (Shaq, Kobe, Malone, Payton, Grant)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15715" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-05T17:07:59.970" LastActivityDate="2021-09-12T01:59:19.087" Title="Has a team ever had five all-stars from the previous season on its roster?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18804" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-05T21:06:35.150" Score="1" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the MLB, walk-up songs are played each time a batter walks up to the plate, or when a reliever gets the call from the bullpen.  The walk-up song itself is the same ~5-15 second portion of a song, and to my knowledge, does not change throughout a season for each player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened, and is it even allowed, that a player can have multiple walk-up songs at one time, where the song played at any given time is random, like a jukebox?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2018-07-09T12:38:35.720" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T12:38:35.720" Title="Can a player have more than one walk-up song at a time?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18808" CreationDate="2018-07-05T22:12:51.057" Score="3" ViewCount="843" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Rule 18b of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/277603/277603.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During &lt;strong&gt;the service motion&lt;/strong&gt;, the server shall not... touch the baseline or the court with either foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What, exactly, constitutes &quot;the service motion&quot;? I had always taken that to mean &quot;the motions leading up to, and including, when you actually hit the ball.&quot; However, what if you step into the court as the result of some kind of continuous movement that you started prior to hitting the ball? For example, the rules permit the server to have one or both feet of the ground; if you jump to hit the serve and then &quot;land&quot; inside the court after hitting the ball, is that a foot fault?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does hitting the ball automatically &quot;end&quot; the service motion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13380" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-06T05:26:05.747" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T05:26:05.747" Title="What does the ITF rulebook consider to be &quot;the service motion&quot;?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18823" CreationDate="2018-07-06T00:01:42.947" Score="2" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;On TV and articles I've read the phrase - 'the true outcome of a baseball play' is used to refer to a play that has one of 3 possible endings. They are a walk, a strike out, or a home run. We can all figure out what is different about these from other endings but does anyone know why they are referred to as true.  Those 3 involve the fewest number of players but a pop-up to catcher involves the same, or a pop-up to pitcher. So all three involve the pitcher-catcher and the batter and no one else. But the question remains, why true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T19:11:37.350" Title="What is the meaning of the word true in the phrase 'The three true outcomes in baseball'" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18806" CreationDate="2018-07-06T01:30:14.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules 16 and 17 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/277603/277603.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;THE SERVICE Immediately before starting the service motion, the server shall stand at rest with both feet behind (i.e. further from&#xA;  the net than) the baseline and within the imaginary extensions of the&#xA;  centre mark and the sideline. The server shall then release the ball&#xA;  by hand in any direction and hit the ball with the racket before the&#xA;  ball hits the ground. &lt;strong&gt;The service motion is completed at the moment&#xA;  that the player’s racket hits or misses the ball.&lt;/strong&gt; A player who is able&#xA;  to use only one arm may use the racket for the release of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FOOT FAULT &lt;strong&gt;During the service motion&lt;/strong&gt;, the server shall not: a. Change position by walking or running, although slight movements of&#xA;  the feet are permitted; or b. &lt;strong&gt;Touch the baseline or the court with&#xA;  either foot&lt;/strong&gt;; or c. Touch the area outside the imaginary extension of&#xA;  the sideline with either foot; or d. Touch the imaginary extension of&#xA;  the centre mark with either foot. If the server breaks this rule it is&#xA;  a “Foot Fault”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, for whatever reason your foot touches the baseline before hitting/missing the attempt to hit the ball, it is as a foot fault. The moment you hit the ball, however, the service motion is considered complete and landing one or both feet on the baseline is still a legal motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Foot faults are usually called if the player jumps for the serve from the baseline, so as long as you jump from behind the baseline, it won't matter if you land on the baseline after you hit the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T01:30:14.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10586" CreationDate="2018-07-06T01:36:09.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's known as 'Gamesmanship' and was long ago described in a book of the same name. The idea is to psychologically disturb your opponent and so cause them to lose focus, put them off their game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John McEnroe was infamous for racquet abuse, and yelling abuse at the umpire, and he was believed to do this only to upset his opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American athletes at the Olympic Games in the 1980s were accused of gamesmanship by arriving late and slowly to the starting line, taking a long time to get settled, looking around at the crowd etc. Behaving like they 'owned' the event. This made the other contestants angry, made them lose focus - and the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now there are rules against this kind of manipulation of the opponent's mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15718" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T01:36:09.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18810" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18811" CreationDate="2018-07-06T01:58:15.407" Score="4" ViewCount="2910" Body="&lt;p&gt;I notice this a lot in the NBA, where after a team scores a field goal, the players of that team that are positioned near or directly under the basket for an offensive rebound avoid touching the ball. They often avoid even making contact with the ball as they try to make their way back to halfcourt for the next possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule violation about touching the ball after your team makes a field goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T09:22:14.897" Title="Why do NBA players avoid touching the ball after a made basket?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18810" CreationDate="2018-07-06T04:10:20.177" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is such a rule, and the players want to avoid any possible hint of breaching it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section II. Delay of Game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. A delay-of-game  shall  be  called  for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Preventing  the  ball  from  being  promptly  put  into  play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Interfering  with  the  ball  after  a  successful  field  goal  or  free  throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T04:10:20.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18815" CreationDate="2018-07-06T20:17:54.277" Score="4" ViewCount="1903" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Brazil and Uruguay, the only non European teams in the quarter finals of the 2018 World Cup out of the competitions on the first day of the quarter finals, all remaining teams are European. France and Belgium are already in the semi finals matches after beating Uruguay and Brazil respectively. On the second day of the quarter finals, Russia plays Croatia, and England plays Sweden. This guarantees the last 4 teams standing to be from Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has all semi finalist of a world cup all been from Europe before? Or more generally have all semi finalist qualified from the same continent? Since all other continents get maximum of 5 seeds (and that would have be even less years ago) I'm assuming this could have only happened for European teams before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-07T13:17:19.400" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T14:15:34.567" Title="All European World Cup semifinal" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18814" CreationDate="2018-07-06T20:45:03.557" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This will be the &lt;em&gt;fifth &lt;strong&gt;(5)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; time that we will have all European semi final in a world cup. Other 4 times are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/italy1934/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: Italy, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/england1966/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1966 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: West Germany, Soviet Union, England, Portugal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/spain1982/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: Poland, Italy, West Germany, France&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: Germany, Italy, Portugal, France&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Haven't manually checked data for all world cup. Answering on the basis of this line in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 FIFA World Cup Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With Argentina and Brazil eliminated in the quarter-finals, an all-European semi-final line up was completed for only the fourth time (after the 1934, 1966 and 1982 tournaments).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T20:45:03.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18816" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19912" CreationDate="2018-07-07T16:26:39.047" Score="2" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, what protocol should a player follow when an opponent collapses to the ground after a legitimate challenge or tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put the ball out of play so they can receive (potential) treatment?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keep posession as the referee has the authority to pause the game anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with fair play is deception: it is very common for football players to feign injury and minutes later be fully revived so that the need to stop is minimal. In the rare case of real injury the difference in 30 seconds of receiving treatment for a muscle or bone injury will likely have no effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15724" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T21:54:29.403" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T02:02:54.453" Title="What's the protocol when an opponent is injured and your team has posession?" Tags="|football|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18818" CreationDate="2018-07-07T17:45:41.070" Score="0" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;From empirical observation (I have no statistics), it seems fairly common that 3 substitutions are not often made in football (soccer) games and if they are the final one is usually late after the 85th minute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with top flight teams and national teams the depth of squad is often such that the quality of players means you won't necessarily have simply 11 top players and then some fillers, and even if you have some world class players you probably don't have more than 8 meaning there are potential substitution outgoers and incomers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think there might be a number of good cases made for the value of substitutions from experience. I would also like to know more about the actual statistics of substitutions used and their timing distributions. I recognise holding something back incase of injury is a valid counter argument but again, statistically, this might have actually very little value and I would welcome the same type of statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Measured in terms of number of substitutions made and the timing of each substitution, and the general effect of each substitution, are coaches in general making optimal decisions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15724" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:21:52.737" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:21:52.737" Title="Are the way that substitutions are utilised in soccer optimal?" Tags="|football|strategy|coaching|substitution|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18817" CreationDate="2018-07-07T19:51:40.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is somewhat subjective and the answers (or at least this one) might be found to be opinion based. But for me there are a few factors to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You only get 3 substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You want to utilize your staring line up&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The reason behind substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using these points I'll argue that the value of substitutions are not under utilized the way they happen in most professional soccer games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. You only get 3 substitutions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the coach makes 2 or 3 quick substitutions early in the game, they can end up regretting it later in the match. Coaches want to leave themselves with the leeway to make changes  based on their own team's or the opposing team's performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine making all your substitutions in the first 60 minutes. If one of your players gets injured, gets a yellow or red card, or your team goes down a goal you can't bring in new players to make adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the substitutions are made while keeping it in mind how much time there's left in the game. When you substitute late in the game, you minimize the odds of having to make another substitute for readjusting team strategy. Late substitutions can be linked to replacing tired players and other reasons we'll cover in the third point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly if coaches leave their substitutions all towards the last few minutes of the game they lose the opportunity to make in game adjustments throughout the game. So doing substitutions too early or too late under utilizes their values.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If teams had more than 3 substitutions, you'd then naturally see more substitutions. But also earlier ones, purely because you'd have more substitutions later on to adjust the game plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As argued, more substitutions has leads to earlier substitutions in 2020 post the COVID-19 shutdowns. FIFA allowed for up to 5 substitutions for these matches. These extra 2 line up changes a side have made the half time substitutions far more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. You want to utilize your staring line up&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Replacing players in the first half is very uncommon as they still have the energy to play for many more minutes. Most football players are used to playing full match so substituting them before half time is a waste of a substitution in most cases. Players also get a 15 minute break at half time so no need to make substitutions in first half to preserve player energy. Furthermore the coaching staff has days between matches to decide which players give the best chance to win based on their level of fitness, skills, injuries, bookings, and etc. So the starting line ups are perceived to give the maximum utility and reduce the need for substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only times you see first half substitution is when players get injured, when the coach needs to desperately make an early adjustment because of coming to the game with the wrong tactics (assuming that the coach is willing to accept having made wrong tactics), or to punish players for not following team tactics. An example of the last point is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea6t_FCQ6Vc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mario Balotelli substituted&lt;/a&gt; for making a ridiculous back heel shot in a friendly game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in general substitutions are all done in the second half to maximize the overall utility of all players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. The reason behind substitutions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The time of substitutions are dependent on the reason behind the substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Substitutions to replace injured players can happen at any minute of the game. On the other end of the spectrum you see the &amp;quot;last minute&amp;quot; substitutions when a team wants to kill time as they're happy with the outcome of the game and want to drag the outcome to the end of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another common type of substitution is at the half time. This usually signals that the coach is either not happy with the player performance or is in need of a change of tactics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, you see substitutions between the 70th to 80th minutes where an older player comes in. One of the reasons behind substitutions are to bring in players with fresh legs. Older players tend to get tired faster and so substituting them earlier means they can't play at a high level till the end of the game. Or if they start the game they're likely to be substituted in the second half for the same reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also times that there is no need to do all 3 substitutions. For example if your team is up by 2 goals and you have control of the game, have made one substitution and there's 10 minutes left to go, then there's no need to do all 3 substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So in summary&lt;/strong&gt; substitutions are made precisely to increase the utility of the players on pitch, hence substitutions are not under utilized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-22T06:11:24.800" LastActivityDate="2020-07-22T06:11:24.800" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18817" CreationDate="2018-07-07T20:53:13.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some research I stumbled onto a soccer metrics page: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccermetrics.net/team-performance/substitutions-and-their-impact-at-euro-2012&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.soccermetrics.net/team-performance/substitutions-and-their-impact-at-euro-2012&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccermetrics.net/team-performance/sudden-impact-substitution-at-the-2010-africa-cup-of-nations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.soccermetrics.net/team-performance/sudden-impact-substitution-at-the-2010-africa-cup-of-nations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The data both confirms and disproves some of my observational comments. In these games there was 1 unused substitution slot every two games, i.e. 1 in 2 games used all 6. Also since these were tournament games the end time was not necessarily always known so that may bias the stats for subs held out until extra time which never came.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distribution seems fairly natural, but the author questions the optimal time for making substitutions as well, without giving any firm conclusions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it would be interesting to compare this with more data on league games, which unfortunately I can't find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with all points made by @alamooot except I'm still unsure on the frequency of injury meaning I still question whether saving a sub in case of this is better than bringing on a fresh pair of legs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15724" LastActivityDate="2018-07-07T20:53:13.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18820" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-07T21:33:36.630" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-07T21:33:36.630" LastActivityDate="2018-07-07T21:33:36.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18821" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-07T21:33:36.630" Score="0" Body="Questions about the quarterback position in the American Football. Please tag your question with [american-football] as well." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T21:40:21.767" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:40:21.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-07T23:50:03.953" Score="2" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;So playing with friends the other day and this happened. Team A set the ball for their attacking player (3rd touch), he tried to dink the ball behind the blocker. It was a horrible touch and the blocker managed to block it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now here is the issue. As soon as the blocker made the block he noticed that it will drop in his own side. So before the ball went below the net line he managed to hit it again into the opposing team side. Is that allowed ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, he made two consecutive touches above the net: blocking and pushing the ball to the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15727" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-08T00:24:48.733" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T07:19:32.813" Title="Can you block and hit the ball over the net in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-07-09T07:46:21.927" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18807" CreationDate="2018-07-08T05:13:15.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase appears to come originally from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/724/doctoring-the-numbers-the-doctor-is-gone/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Prospectus&lt;/a&gt; article in 2000 by Rany Jazayerli.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you read the article, the language used is intentionally archaic/flowery for humor.  It reads as a medieval declaration.  As such, a phrase like &quot;the one true sword&quot; would fit right in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He must be allowed to spread the Gospel of the Three True Outcomes to&#xA;  fans at major-league parks everywhere. He must be granted the&#xA;  privilege of rendering the opposing defense utterly irrelevant more&#xA;  than half the time. We will not rest until this is so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We leave with a message for all loyal members of the RDFC: a great and&#xA;  glorious new era is upon us. Rejoice! A great man is here to lead us,&#xA;  and a new movement has been born.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;true&quot; best fits as loyal, correct, or absolute.  The other outcomes would be (humorously) regarded as pretenders or unworthy.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T05:13:15.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18802" CreationDate="2018-07-09T16:42:16.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1975-1976 Celtics had five from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_NBA_All-Star_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975 All-Star Game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376_Boston_Celtics_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975–76 Boston Celtics season&lt;/a&gt;   Cowens, Havlicheck, Scott (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Phoenix_Suns_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Phoenix Suns in '74-5&lt;/a&gt;), Silas, and White.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-09-12T01:59:19.087" LastActivityDate="2021-09-12T01:59:19.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5131" CreationDate="2018-07-10T18:49:49.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/world-cup-2018/6678588/belgium-language-football-players-roberto-martinez/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Sun&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kevin de Bruyne is a Flemish-speaker from Ghent whilst Axel Witsel&#xA;  speaks only French (he was born in Liège). [...] Romelu Lukaku can&#xA;  speak six – Flemish, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Swahili.&#xA;  But some of the French-speaking players are monolingual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English is reportedly used as the common language in the dressing&#xA;  room&lt;/strong&gt;, so the Belgian FA cannot be accused of favouring either French&#xA;  or Flemish over the other and creating language barriers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their current coach speaks to the team in English, but this is something that can change over time, if Roberto Martinez leaves the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Martinez is a Spanish coach who talks in none of the three official&#xA;  languages of Belgium: French, Flemish and German. He uses English when&#xA;  speaking to the players, where it acts as a middle ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the second question: given that French is de-facto the main language of Brussels (where Anderlecht is based), you would expect the locals (homegrown players, fans) to communicate mainly in this language. But if you include international players into the equation and also the increasing popularity of English in Brussels, it wouldn't be a surprise if players spoke it as well. In either case it's definitely not Flemish (a variant of Dutch) which interestingly was the historical language of Brussels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T11:25:01.860" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T11:25:01.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-10T20:58:34.213" Score="0" ViewCount="3023" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball, if the ball is rebounds from the net, can the player who hit the ball into net hit the ball twice, or is this a double hit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15742" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T12:27:10.783" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T12:27:10.783" Title="Is it a double hit in volleyball to play the ball rebounding from the net?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18838" CreationDate="2018-07-11T04:06:29.803" Score="9" ViewCount="4077" Body="&lt;p&gt;Didier Deschamps might achieve the feat of winning FIFA World Cup both as captain (1998) and manager (2018) for France. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know Franz Beckenbauer had already done it before. Is there any other person to achieve that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15744" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T03:40:48.567" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T03:40:48.567" Title="World cup winner as manager and captain" Tags="|football|trivia|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18837" CreationDate="2018-07-11T05:24:59.180" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 3 footballers who won the World Cup both as a player and as a coach:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Zagallo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mário Zagallo&lt;/a&gt;, Brazil (1958 &amp;amp; 1962 as player, 1970 as coach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Beckenbauer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Franz Beckenbauer&lt;/a&gt;, West Germany (1974 as player, 1990 as coach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Deschamps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Didier Deschamps&lt;/a&gt;, France (1998 as player, 2018 as coach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of them only &lt;strong&gt;Beckenbauer&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Deschamps&lt;/strong&gt; were the captains of the winning squad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Wikipedia (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_records#Coaching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FIFA_World_Cup_winners#By_coach&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T17:00:01.193" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T17:00:01.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18836" CreationDate="2018-07-11T12:26:05.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is a double contact. The basic rule here is 9.1.1 (all quotes from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB 2017-2020 rules&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.1.1 CONSECUTIVE CONTACTS A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exceptions to this rule are detailed in 9.2.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.3 The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts&#xA;  take place simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.3.1 at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more player(s), provided that the contacts occur during one action;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;9.2.3.2 at the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the contacts were not simultaneous, not part of a block and did not occur as part of one action, none of the exceptions apply and this is a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T12:26:05.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18844" CreationDate="2018-07-11T19:54:48.480" Score="4" ViewCount="1065" Body="&lt;p&gt;Croatia has played in the extra time of each of their first 3 knockout stage games in the 2018 World Cup. They played Denmark, Russia, and England in the round of 16, quarterfinals and the semifinals respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the most number of games a team has played extra time in a single World Cup? Similarly what's the most number of consecutive extra time games played in a single World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T21:26:39.290" Title="Most extra time games played in a World Cup" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18842" CreationDate="2018-07-11T20:20:52.793" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the start of FIFA World Cup 2018, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/1204--63-days-to-go-2937236&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;63&lt;/a&gt; previous matches have gone to extra-times. And after manually checking this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_15a_fwc_aet_pso_new_8859.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA document (contains record for matches up-to 2006 world cup)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup results&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 FIFA World Cup results&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most number of games a team has played extra time in a single World Cup is &lt;strong&gt;3 times&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;em&gt;3 teams have done it so far England 1990, Argentina 2014 and Croatia 2018&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most number of consecutive extra time games played in a single World Cup is again &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;em&gt;2 teams England 1990 and Croatia 2018 have obtained this feat&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uyg0b.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uyg0b.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;reference&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331522/#match-liveblog&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Live Match-blog England vs Croatia FIFA official site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting fact: &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ESPNStatsInfo/status/1017146553604214786&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croatia are the first team to come from behind in three straight knockout stage matches to advance at the World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T21:26:39.290" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T21:26:39.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18848" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18858" CreationDate="2018-07-12T00:42:28.433" Score="2" ViewCount="1025" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not only did they crush Argentina by 3-0 in this 2018 world cup, they also humiliated another traditional 'football power' England and made it to the finals despite their population being less than ten percent that of England's and despite not having the high profile soccer leagues that the other countries have. What is their secret? I am sure it isn't just luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15754" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T13:42:17.920" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T18:55:33.103" Title="Why is the Croatian football team so successful despite having a population of only 4 million people?" Tags="|football|history|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18870" CreationDate="2018-07-12T02:30:30.053" Score="3" ViewCount="397" Body="&lt;p&gt;Parc ferme rules in Formula One dictate that no major changes can no longer be performed on the car until the end of the race after it has gone out of the pits during qualifying (except for major repairs after a crash in qualifying or change in weather conditions), effectively locking in the car's settings in for qualifying and raceday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that cars go in and out of their pit garages several times during the course of qualifying, and at times stay put in the garage for long periods depending on the team's qualifying strategy, how does the FIA monitor the teams to make sure that they do not make any major changes to the car's settings during this time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T06:19:06.647" Title="Parc Ferme Rules" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18851" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-12T06:12:32.360" Score="3" ViewCount="806" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ESPNStatsInfo/status/1017168581899976709&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This ESPN Stats &amp;amp; Info twitter feed&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 players in World Cup history have won the Champions League and World Cup in the same year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With Real Madrid's Raphael Varanae of France, and Luka Modric &amp;amp; Mateo Kovavic of Croatia in the final, there is guaranteed to be an 11th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t2QOf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t2QOf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;cl &amp;amp; wc&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;who are the 10 players who have achieved this feat previously?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;how many and who are the players that have won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Libertadores&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa Libertadores&lt;/a&gt; and a World Cup in same year?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T17:02:44.547" Title="Players who have won Champions League / Copa Libertadores and World Cup in the same year" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|champions-league|copa-libertadores|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18851" CreationDate="2018-07-12T06:34:45.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 11 players who have won the Champions League (including the European Cup) and the World Cup in the same year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#_West_Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Germany&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_European_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bayern Munich&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uli_Hoene%C3%9F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uli Hoeness&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Muller&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Beckenbauer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Franz Beckenbauer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Breitner&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Breitner&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Georg_Schwarzenbeck&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Maier&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sepp Maier&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupp_Kapellmann&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jupp Kapellmann&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1998: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Karembeu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Christian Karembeu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2002: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Carlos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roberto Carlos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2014: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Khedira&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sami Khedira&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Varane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Raphaël Varane&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 10 players who have won the Copa Libertadores and the World Cup in the same year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1962: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#_Brazil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Copa_Libertadores&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Santos&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gylmar_dos_Santos_Neves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gilmar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauro_Ramos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mauro&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ely_de_Miranda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zito&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Wilson_Vieira_Hon%C3%B3rio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Coutinho&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Macia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pepe&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meng%C3%A1lvio_Pedro_Figueir%C3%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mengálvio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1986: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#_Argentina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Copa_Libertadores&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;River Plate&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Enrique&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Héctor Enrique&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nery_Pumpido&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nery Pumpido&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Ruggeri&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oscar Ruggeri&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportbible.com/football/news-take-a-bow-the-10-players-to-have-won-the-european-and-world-cup-in-same-year-20180709&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 10 Players To Have Won The European Cup And World Cup In Same Year&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T17:02:44.547" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T17:02:44.547" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-07-12T06:34:45.313" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-12T07:54:42.193" Score="1" ViewCount="1703" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an attacking player sees a defender slip for example and fall to one knee. Can the offensive player use the defenders knee as a platform to jump, like running up and jumping off the defender?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or a similar example of the same type thing, an attacker has the ball, jumps to attack the rim, but pushes their hand down on top of an opponents head generate more height, is this a foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15757" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T22:54:50.513" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T23:00:40.103" Title="Can you use an opponent for leverage in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18854" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-12T08:31:38.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark the question with this tag if it's about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Libertadores&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Copa Libertadores&lt;/a&gt; organised by CONMEBOL, its qualification stage and criteria, final tournament, statistics, history, regulations etc. &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag just because a match mentioned in the question was played under this competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag should also use the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T18:51:13.390" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T18:51:13.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18855" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-12T08:31:38.097" Score="0" Body="Questions about the Copa Libertadores, an annual club competition organized by CONMEBOL." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T08:31:38.097" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T08:31:38.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18856" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18857" CreationDate="2018-07-12T08:55:16.177" Score="2" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Croatia is going into the World Cup finals having won their 3 knockout matches so far in extra time/penalties. If they bring their match against France to extra time and win, they'll have done it in every single knockout stage match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any team ever won a World Cup by winning all of their knockout matches on extra time/penalties?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15758" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T09:12:34.077" Title="Has any FIFA World Cup winner ever had all their knockout stage matches won in extra time/penalties?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-07-13T08:27:18.353" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18856" CreationDate="2018-07-12T09:12:34.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;No&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; team has ever won a World Cup by winning all of their knockout matches on extra time/penalties and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croatia&lt;/a&gt; will be the first team to do so if they manage to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referencing to my answer on this question, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18844/13485&quot;&gt;Most extra time games played in a World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, most number of games a team has played extra time (consecutive or otherwise) in a single World Cup is 3 times. So, Croatia will be the first team to play &lt;strong&gt;four&lt;/strong&gt; extra time games even if they don't win it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References used in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18844/13485&quot;&gt;my linked answer&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_15a_fwc_aet_pso_new_8859.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup™ extra time matches (contains record for matches up-to 2006 world cup)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup results&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/matches/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014 FIFA World Cup results&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331522/#match-liveblog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Live Match-blog England vs Croatia FIFA official site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T09:12:34.077" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-07-12T10:16:56.257" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18848" CreationDate="2018-07-12T13:36:37.457" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following article about &lt;a href=&quot;https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/croatia-football-population-why-good-luka-modric-country/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Why are Croatia so good at football with only a population of 4 million?&lt;/a&gt; sums up some of the key reasons why Croatia achieved so much with a smaller player pool:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hardship of the War of Independence (1991-1995)&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The war affected many of this generation of Croatian players directly.&#xA;  Mario Mandzukic grew up partly in Germany, where he began playing&#xA;  before returning to Croatia at the age of 10, while Ivan Rakitic was&#xA;  born and grew up in Switzerland, where he started his career with&#xA;  Basel. Vedran Corluka was born in Bosnia but fled for Croatia in 1992&#xA;  amid the war.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Younger players were less directly affected, but the&#xA;  memory and mythos of the war still looms large among the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;After the war, Croatia immediately achieved serious and surprising football results which set the bar pretty high for the Croatian football&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reached quarter-finals in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1996&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 1996&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Became third in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA World Cup 1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It’s hard to stress enough how quickly Croatia got good. After a&#xA;  series of friendlies, the country’s first competitive fixture came in&#xA;  1994 in the qualifying for Euro 96.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They topped their qualification group above Italy and then went on to&#xA;  play in the tournament itself, making it through to the knockout&#xA;  stages before being sent home in the quarter final by eventual winner&#xA;  Germany – five years after the creation of their country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That group of players, including Slaven Bilic, Zvonimir Boban and&#xA;  Davor Suker, became known as the “golden generation” and would go on&#xA;  to even greater things two years later in France 98.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Politics and Nationalism&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It’s been useful politically for the Croatian government to have the&#xA;  team to represent it. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It’s a way of bolstering a nationalism that might be a little&#xA;  unsavoury to those in long-established western liberal democracy. The&#xA;  governing HDZ party has been accused of trying to exploit the team’s&#xA;  success as it ramps up nationalist rhetoric at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Youth Development&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With all the geo-political reasons given, the football development aspect was still the most crucial reason for the Croatian success story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split were two of the “big four” clubs in&#xA;  Yugoslavia along with Partizan and Red Star Belgrade, and Croats were&#xA;  some of the best players for former Yugoslav teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Croatia also inherited a legacy of investment in sporting excellence&#xA;  from the old communist regime, from stadiums to sports academies&#xA;  (Modric attended one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not hard to see how successful are the youth academies of Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split and how important is the overall influence of these clubs on their national team. Out of 23 players of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Croatia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Croatian football team squad&lt;/a&gt; at World Cup 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 were grown in Dinamo Zagreb's youth academy:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka_Modri%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luka Modrić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejan_Lovren&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dejan Lovren&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedran_%C4%86orluka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vedran Ćorluka&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateo_Kova%C4%8Di%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mateo Kovačić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ime_Vrsaljko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Šime Vrsaljko&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Kramari%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrej Kramarić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Badelj&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Milan Badelj&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Pjaca&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marko Pjaca&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Pivari%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josip Pivarić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Jedvaj&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tin Jedvaj&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;another 4 played for Dinamo Zagreb:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Mand%C5%BEuki%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mario Mandžukić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domagoj_Vida&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Domagoj Vida&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_Brozovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcelo Brozović&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Livakovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dominik Livaković&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 were grown in Hajduk Split's youth academy:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Peri%C5%A1i%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivan Perišić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Strini%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivan Strinić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovre_Kalini%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lovre Kalinić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_Bradari%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Filip Bradarić&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Kalini%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nikola Kalinić&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;another 1 played for Hajduk Split:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danijel_Suba%C5%A1i%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Danijel Subašić&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these players play in the top European leagues in the club level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-13T18:55:33.103" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T18:55:33.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18862" CreationDate="2018-07-12T18:53:33.217" Score="0" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a hitter hits a short ground ball to second base, should a runner on third stay at the base or run home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15763" LastEditorUserId="15763" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T19:17:06.183" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T20:38:36.023" Title="Is it a good play for a runner on third coming home when a hitter hit a ground ball to second base?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18860" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-12T18:56:24.770" Score="4" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner is one first base. He starts stealing second base but decides to go back to first. The ball goes from catcher to second baseman. Second baseman tries to pick up the runner going back to first but throws it in the stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner goes to second and stops there. Then he thought he had to go back to first so he starts running back towards first base but &lt;strong&gt;he never reaches it&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire awards him 2 bases and tells him to go to third. So the runner is between first and second (last base touched is second base) and starts running directly towards third base (passes near the mound, not following any base line).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher goes back to the mound and touches his plate. The umpire makes a signal and we now have a live ball. The pitchers calls a timeout. He throws to second, making an appeal. The umpire calls the runner out. He said he failed to touch second base. When being reminded that the last touched base was second base he said that the runner had to touch it again because he started running back toward first base (even if he never made it back to first base).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no rule that says you need to run along the base line. The only rule is that when a fielder is attempting to tag a runner, the runner has to stay on the base path (the base path being a direct line from the runner and the base when a tag is attempted).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, there is nothing wrong with that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;run from first to second base&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;run back towards first base (but without touching first base)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at a point between second and first, turn back and run towards third base&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd call it weird base running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So do you think it was a bad call or there is a rule that I'm missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastEditorUserId="15762" LastEditDate="2018-12-07T15:49:04.160" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T15:49:04.160" Title="Base running after being awarded two bases" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18860" CreationDate="2018-07-12T20:16:04.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This is the correct call.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When considering the path of the bases, think of a number line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- H&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to progress to successive bases, they must be touched in order.  Since the runner decided to cede his position at second base (and head back towards first), he no longer possessed second base.  When the umpire awarded two bases on the throwing error, the runner must continue from where he is along the path of all bases to arrive at his destination.  If any bases are missed (whether by a misstep over the bag, or taking a circuitous route), the runner has failed to tag the bases in order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T20:16:04.020" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18859" CreationDate="2018-07-12T20:38:36.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;With two outs: YES in almost all situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With less than two outs: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Last inning / trailing by two or more: NO. You need two points, don't take any risk&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Last inning / one out / on-deck batter is weak / trailing by one, tied game or winning by a few runs: YES. You must evaluate your chance of being safe at home vs a weak batter hitting a hit against a closer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other cases: it depends. Take these factors into account: the score, number of outs, on-deck batter, pitcher, speed of runners, fielding ability / defense positioning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always tell my teammates to think of their play in advance (as a runner or as a fielder).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T20:38:36.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18863" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18864" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" Score="0" Body="For questions about nutrition specific to sporting activities, including aspects of diet and hydration occurring outside of the actual activity." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T21:35:30.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18576" CreationDate="2018-07-13T01:29:23.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A foolproof way to prevent that from happening is with proper maintenance, this is especially true in racket sports where wear &amp;amp; tear on the players' gear can greatly affect their performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having higher quality rubber does make it less likely for tears on the surface to occur (especially for antispin rubber), however, even the best quality rubber would wear with continued use and age and would eventually need replacing. It's the same way as how tennis and badminton rackets need to be restrung depending on how often they're used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, worn out rubber can result in an unintentional change in the rubber surface's playing characteristic, which, according to the ITTF rulebook, is illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thoughtco.com/replace-your-table-tennis-rubbers-3173576&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How often should you replace your table tennis rubber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T01:29:23.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18853" CreationDate="2018-07-13T02:53:11.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Block-Charge section under Comments on the Rules in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/media/dleague/1314-nba-rule-book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rulebook (p.59)&lt;/a&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An offensive foul shall be assessed if the player initiates contact &lt;strong&gt;in a non-basketball&#xA;  manner&lt;/strong&gt; (leads with his foot, an unnatural extended knee, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which more than likely puts an offensive player springboarding off of an opponent who is not even taking a defensive position, or a player intentionally using his free hand to push down on his opponent's head as charging foul situations, as neither the head or the knees are natural contact points between an offensive player and a defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T02:53:11.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18849" CreationDate="2018-07-13T06:19:06.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, each car is assigned a scrutineer for the exact purpose of enforcing parc ferme conditions. Per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/file/69139/download/22911?token=U4C9DSOh&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 34.7 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One scrutineer will be allocated to each car for the purpose of ensuring that no unauthorised&#xA;  work is carried out whilst cars are being held under parc fermé conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of the changes to the car permitted under parc ferme conditions must be made in their sight (Article 34.2.x):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any parts which are removed from the car in order to carry out any work specifically&#xA;  permitted above, or any parts removed to carry out essential safety checks, must&#xA;  remain close to it and, at all times, be visible to the scrutineer assigned to the relevant&#xA;  car.&#xA;  Furthermore, any parts removed from the car in order to carry out any such work must&#xA;  be refitted before the car leaves the pit lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certain data is also taken from the teams prior to qualifying (Article 34.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Every team must provide the FIA technical delegate with a suspension set-up sheet for both of&#xA;  their cars before each of them leaves the pit lane for the first time during qualifying practice&#xA;  session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Random checks are made post-qualifying to enforce both these and other rules (Article 34.3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the end of the qualifying practice at least six cars will be chosen at random to undergo further checks, once informed their car has been selected the team concerned must take the car to the parc fermé immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15765" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T06:19:06.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18871" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18876" CreationDate="2018-07-13T06:31:04.507" Score="0" ViewCount="497" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean by tossing the ball up, when spinning the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen it plenty of times in Cricinfo commentary, plus in the air as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still couldn't find out, what does it represent? If anyone could shed in some light on this, would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2024-02-21T18:36:04.523" LastActivityDate="2024-02-21T18:36:04.523" Title="Tossing the ball" Tags="|cricket|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18853" CreationDate="2018-07-13T08:57:39.140" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way a referee in the NBA would likely rule this would be that if the contact was accidental, it may be a no call if the contact was minor. If it was apparent that the offensive player intentionally chose to initiate this contact, then a foul would be called. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player's well-being was in jeopardy because of such of a play, and their knee or head was at risk, this could even result in a flagrant foul being called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of basketball rules, as many rules in life, are based on common sense. Basketball is a contact sport in which all players are not supposed to hurt the opposing players. In the event that a player performs an action that could injure another player, it's quite likely that it will be called a foul. This is especially the case if the action was intentional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15766" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T08:57:39.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18735" CreationDate="2018-07-13T09:13:57.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Similar question answered here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15083/traveling-when-catching-the-ball-in-motion-of-a-layup&quot;&gt;Traveling when catching the ball in motion of a layup?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, no it is not a travel. A player is allowed to catch the ball, take two steps and then shoot. You see this all the time in the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other leagues have different rules, and so it's possible that there may be a league out there that does not permit this. During pickup games, it's possible that players will go by rules from various leagues instead of NBA rules. This can of course cause controversy as some players may be playing according to different rulebooks than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also some confusion as to what a travel is. You will see this during basketball games when all of the fans in the audience seem to be demanding a traveling call from the refs, but the player clearly did not travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, the standard basketball move is that you are allowed to catch the ball, take 2 steps and then shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15766" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T09:13:57.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18810" CreationDate="2018-07-13T09:22:14.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Delay of game is called when an offensive player intentionally touches the ball after it has been scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule was implemented because when the offense touches the ball, it's very easy for them to direct it away from the referee or from the opposing team. This can prevent the opposing team from inbounding the ball for a fraction of a second or more. And even the smallest time delay can prevent the opposing team from leading to a transition offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because teams began touching the ball to prevent fast breaks, while forcing more half court sets, it became the standard that they cannot touch the ball after it has been scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15766" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T09:22:14.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16874" CreationDate="2018-07-13T10:04:55.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A similar thing happened to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraba%C4%9F_FK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Qarabağ FK&lt;/a&gt; (the first Azerbaijani team to make it to the group stage of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt;) in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Azerbaijan_Top_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Azerbaijan Premier League 1993&lt;/a&gt;. After the home city of the club Aghdam was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;attacked&lt;/a&gt; in June 12, 1993 and later occupied in July 23, 1993 by Armenian military forces and Qarabağ's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imarat_Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;home stadium &quot;Imarat&quot;&lt;/a&gt; was destroyed by bombardments, the team forced to move to the capital city Baku and eventually won the title in August 1, 1993.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, the team is using &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azersun_Arena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Azersun Arena&quot;&lt;/a&gt; for league and cup games and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_Olympic_Stadium&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic Stadium&lt;/a&gt; for its European fixtures. Both stadiums are located in Baku. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T13:55:41.020" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T13:55:41.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18871" CreationDate="2018-07-13T11:40:50.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Tossing the ball up&quot; is also know as &quot;flighting the ball&quot; wherein the ball is bowled at more inclined trajectory.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason spinners toss the ball up is to induce a false shot from the batsman to get him out. If the ball is bowled with a higher revolution count, then it dips &amp;amp; bounces much earlier than the batsman normally expects. Thus if the batsman is not concentrating hard or is inexperienced, he plays a shot much earlier &amp;amp; likely mishits it to one of the fielders.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason a tossed up ball with high rev count dips a lot earlier then it should is basic physics. I don't know the exact term for this but it happens due to pressure difference on two sides.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A right arm off-spinner/leg-spinner spins the ball clockwise in north-east/north-west direction of the pitch. So ball movement on top is opposing the flow of air while ball movement below is aiding the flow of air. So pressure of top of the ball is more than below. So ball moves from higher pressure to lower pressure &amp;amp; hence dips.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing happens in tennis wrt topspin forehand &amp;amp; backhand slice. See my question on Physics.SE&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/75795/what-is-the-physics-behind-roger-federers-rafael-nadals-iconic-shots&quot;&gt;What is the physics behind Roger Federer's &amp;amp; Rafael Nadal's iconic shots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T11:40:50.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18886" CreationDate="2018-07-14T09:21:19.750" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 1980s and 1990s the NASL and MLS used an unusual kind of penalty shoot-out to decide drawn games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The system used was like that used in hockey: starting from 35 yards out, an attacking player was given the opportunity to dribble the ball toward the goal and had five seconds to shoot.  The goalkeeper was able to run out to prevent the shot as they would in a one-on-one in normal play.  See, for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRITqS6WEn0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this youtube clip&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the MLS in this period all games had to have a winner, so the system was routinely used to decide games that were drawn at full time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was this format discontinued?  Was it a technical deficiency in the format or was it a matter of adopting IFAB rules more closely (e.g. by allowing drawn games)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14758" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T10:58:31.600" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T11:49:19.620" Title="Why were MLS-style tiebreakers discontinued?" Tags="|football|trivia|tie-breaker|mls|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18885" CreationDate="2018-07-14T11:49:19.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;em&gt;The New York Times&lt;/em&gt; article published in 1999, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/18/sports/soccer-mls-is-making-changes.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;M.L.S. Is Making Changes&lt;/a&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M.L.S. Commissioner Don Garber&lt;/em&gt; said yesterday that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the changes were made to comply with the wishes of the some 60 million people in the United States who considered themselves soccer fans&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;We have to go back and shore up our existence with the core soccer fan,&quot; Garber said in a conference call in which he announced next season's changes. &quot;We found through research that millions of people played soccer without a shootout. We want to build the model with core fans, instead of going over it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article also states, Garber conducted a survey of soccer fans about their feelings for the shootout. The research showed much more than a mere dislike for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;There was a negativity buzzing among the hardest-core fans&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; Garber said. &quot;It took a couple years to figure out you can't conclude a basketball game with foul shots. Beginning with the season in 2000, &lt;em&gt;the shootout will be dead&lt;/em&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one of the reasons for changing the rules was that survey conducted by M.L.S. Commissioner Don Garber. &lt;sup&gt;(haven't had much luck with finding survey files)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/18/sports/soccer-mls-is-making-changes.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;M.L.S. Is Making Changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The United States of Soccer: MLS and the Rise of American Soccer Fandom by Phil West (google search)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/25/joy-of-six-short-lived-football-rule-changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Short-lived football rule changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)#North_American_experiments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article: Penalty shoot-out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/03/throwback-thursday-hockey-style-shootouts-in-mls.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hockey-Style Shootouts in MLS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.in/football/blog-fifa/story/3041132/fifa-mulls-nasl-style-shootouts-for-2026-world-cup-group-stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA mulls NASL-style shootouts for 2026 World Cup group stage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/fifa-considers-run-shootouts-2026-world-cup-like-mls-used-1990s-011817&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA considers run-up shootouts for 2026 World Cup like MLS used in the 1990s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T11:49:19.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-14T13:03:26.527" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked a bit into the past of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football European Championships&lt;/a&gt; and I noticed that decades ago, they were really, really minuscule tournaments, if you take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1972&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Euro&quot; 1972 in Belgium&lt;/a&gt; for example, were only 4 teams were participating. Of course they were more teams in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1972_qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;its qualifying phase&lt;/a&gt; but back then it seemed that the qualified teams go straight into a semi finale, whereas in Euro Championships in the more recent past, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;like the one of 2004&lt;/a&gt;, had also a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004_qualifying&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;qualifying phase&lt;/a&gt; but still a group phase and quarter-finals afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is:&lt;/strong&gt; Why were the Euro championships so short back then in contrast to today? Was it just simply because there were less countries prior to the downfall of the USSR and Yugoslavia or were there political reasons for that, e.g. that the FIFA did not want to give another international football tournament other than the World Cup such a prominent role (hence a similar policy like the FIFA still has nowadays for Olympic Football)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15776" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T07:55:42.930" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:21:45.223" Title="Why were the Football Euro championships such small tournaments decades ago?" Tags="|football|history|fifa|uefa|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-14T13:18:41.597" Score="3" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Wimbledon 2018, the first semi-final (Anderson vs Isner) of gentlemen's singles &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/44823525&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;went on for 6 hours and 35 minutes on Friday, 13 Jul 2018&lt;/a&gt;. This caused the start of the second semi-final (Nadal vs Djokovic) to be delayed well beyond its scheduled start time. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/44829886&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Due to the curfew at 23:00, play was suspended after the third set, and it was decided to resume the game next day (Saturday) at 13:00.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final is scheduled to be played on Sunday. If the second semi-final match doesn't finish on Saturday (due to its final set &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; going on for a long time, and perhaps &quot;assisted&quot; by rains, bad light, or other interruptions), then what happens to the final?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, if the semi-final is completed on Sunday, will the final be started soon after (thus putting the exhausted winner of the just concluded semi-final at a massive disadvantage)? What are the official rules of the Wimbledon tournament regarding this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="796" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T21:36:36.383" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T22:17:55.370" Title="What if the semi-finals are not completed before the scheduled start of the final?" Tags="|rules|tennis|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19889" CreationDate="2018-07-14T14:58:49.520" Score="4" ViewCount="1121" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, goals can be scored in stoppage time, say the 46th minute of the first half, and also in the 46th minute of the game in the second half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any way of differentiating / deduplicating the stoppage time and regulation time goals? Has there ever been a collision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15778" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T15:46:36.727" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T15:46:36.727" Title="How are stoppage time goals deduplicated from regulation time goals?" Tags="|rules|football|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19888" CreationDate="2018-07-14T15:09:08.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A plus sign (+) is used to indicate goals scored in the stoppage times. For example a goal scored in the 47th minute of the first half is recorded to be scored on 45+2' (the ' is shorthand for minute), where as if it was scored on the 47th minute of the second half, it would've simply been recorded to be scored on 47'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same format follows for the stoppage time in the second half and the extra times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here on the scoresheet of the round of 16 game between Belgium and Japan in 2018 World Cup you can see Belgium's third goal scored by Chadli recorded to be scored on 90+4'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pqkCc.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pqkCc.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T15:18:47.443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T15:18:47.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19888" CreationDate="2018-07-14T15:33:33.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @alamoot noted, if the goal was scored during the stoppage time, you will mostly see &lt;code&gt;45+x'&lt;/code&gt; (similarly &lt;code&gt;90+x'&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;105+x'&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;120+x'&lt;/code&gt;) notation, however, sometimes goals scored during the stoppage time are counted as last minute goals of the current half, e.g. a goal scored in the 3rd minute of the stoppage time of the second half will be simply denoted with &lt;code&gt;90'&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T15:33:33.280" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18887" CreationDate="2018-07-14T21:03:47.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the real answer to the question in the title is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;why not&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very first European Football Championship started in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_European_Nations%27_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1960&lt;/a&gt;, where 4 teams took place. This became a tradition and the next four editions followed the same principle. Then number of teams increased to 8 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1980&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980&lt;/a&gt;, to 16 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1996&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/a&gt; and finally to 24 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;. The number of teams in the final competition was gradually increasing by time as interest to European football was growing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA Euro was always growing. It started with 17 teams in the qualifying phase of 1960 edition, whereas now UEFA has 55 associations eager to get to Euros.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another important reason for not expanding immediately, apart from interest, financial reasons or the number of independent countries in Europe, was that European Championship first had to become a brand. Football is this popular primarily thanks to clubs. They grow players, they pay them, they buy them, they sell them, they own them (it's true). In order to convince clubs to release their players (where some of them will return with injuries), especially for the qualifiers which take place during the season, UEFA had to make UEFA Euro a brand which no footballer and no fan could refuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain withdrew in the second round of 1960 qualifiers when was drawn against Soviets. The same thing was done by Greece when they were drawn against Albania in 1964 qualifiers. I can't imagine a similar thing happening nowadays, when European Championship became one of the most prestigious sporting events in the world. Azerbaijan and Armenia (which currently have no diplomatic relations between each other) are now in the same league of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague/season=2019/standings/#/unl_league_d&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Nations League 2018–19&lt;/a&gt;. Being highest rated teams in their groups, there are high chances that the sides will meet each other in the knock-out rounds. As someone from Azerbaijan, I can't imagine if one of the countries would ever withdraw from such a match, where a win will guarantee a slot in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 2020&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The claim that FIFA may not wanted to give another international football tournament (which would be under the auspices of UEFA) a prominent role, is actually wrong, because UEFA associates itself with FIFA. Here is an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;About UEFA&lt;/a&gt; page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is a continental confederation of the world football governing&#xA;  body FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this cooperation dates back to the foundation of UEFA. Here is an excerpt from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/history/1954-80.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA history - Early days and constant expansion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] the movement supporting a body uniting Europe's national&#xA;  football associations gathered pace after FIFA had approved the&#xA;  statutory basis for the creation of continental football&#xA;  confederations in 1953.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T17:21:45.223" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T17:21:45.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19887" CreationDate="2018-07-14T22:17:55.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the Centre Court roof, this was more common because if there were a lot of rain delays it was very difficult to make up the time - though even then it was unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon will not schedule two matches for the same player in the same event on the same day.  If that means that the finals scheduled for Sunday have to move back to the third Monday, then the tournament will be extended by a day.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is known as a &quot;People's Monday&quot;; because no tickets will have been sold in advance the stands will be filled entirely with people who were waiting in the ticket queue outside the complex.  (Similarly, if rain delays in the first week mean that they need to play on the middle Sunday to catch up, this is a &quot;People's Sunday&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A famous example (at least for Brits) is the 2001 men's singles final.  Rain delays meant that Tim Henman and Goran Ivanišević's semi-final did not finish until the Sunday, which meant that the final between Ivanišević and Rafter could not be held until the Monday.  There's a description of that final &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/jul/05/joy-of-six-wimbledon-finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2001/wimbledon_2001/sol_at_wimbledon/1430324.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14758" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T22:17:55.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19894" CreationDate="2018-07-14T23:41:14.633" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;With only the final match of the 2018 World cup remaining, Harry Kane of England has a commanding 3 goal lead cushion for winning the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_awards#Golden_Boot&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Golden Boot&lt;/a&gt;. Kane scored 6 goals in the tournament, 3 of which where from penalties, which means only 50% of his goals were not from the penalty spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the lowest percentages of the non-penalty goals scored by world cup golden boot winners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T10:05:43.807" Title="Lowest percentage of non penalty goals scored by World Cup golden boot winners" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19893" CreationDate="2018-07-15T02:53:54.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44712435&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this BBC article&lt;/a&gt;, Kane does in fact have the highest percentage of penalty goals (meaning lowest percentage of non-penalty goals) in a Golden Boot-winning tournament with his three penalties out of six goals (50%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In second place is Portugal's Eusebio, scoring four penalties out of nine goals  in 1966 (44%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In third place is Russia's Salenko, scoring two penalties out of six goals in 1994 (33%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T10:05:43.807" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T10:05:43.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-15T09:47:16.017" Score="4" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;By looking at videos of my service motion, I notice my movement is more rotational, i.e. the racket is moving from my back in the trophy position, round counter-clockwise (for right handed player) on the ball, rather than it being more of a forward action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize it is desirable to have some shoulder turn on the serve to generate power, but I feel like my racket is definitely going &quot;round&quot; more than forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any recommendations, for example in the form of drills, to correct this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13629" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:47:25.143" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T10:47:25.143" Title="Correcting a tennis serve with too much rotational motion" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13162" CreationDate="2018-07-15T09:57:09.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeme_Souness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Graeme Souness&lt;/a&gt;'s Wikipedia profile, he:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Played in 5 countries:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (Tottenham Hotspur, Middlesbrough, Liverpool)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Canada (Montreal Olympique)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Australia (West Adelaide)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (Sampdoria)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scotland (Rangers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Won 3 European Cups with Liverpool (1977–78, 1980–81, 1983–84) as a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Managed in 5 countries:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scotland (Rangers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England (Liverpool, Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Turkey (Galatasaray)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Italy (Torino)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Portugal (Benfica)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As a manager, only won a league title in Scotland; 3 times (1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Graeme Souness is indeed the answer to your quiz. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T09:57:09.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17146" CreationDate="2018-07-15T11:21:05.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Issue of link between repetitive headers and dementia has been bought up after &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/09/28/kevin-doyle-retires-due-health-worries-persistent-headaches/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;retirement of striker Kevin Doyle over concussion problems&lt;/a&gt; but all started by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4961714/Calls-parliamentary-inquiry-FA-dementia-links.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;death of Spurs legend Danny Blanchflower from Alzheimer’s disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Former West Brom and England striker Jeff Astle died aged 59 in 2002 and it was found that &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/parliamentary-inquiry-call-links-between-11308796&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;repeatedly heading heavier balls had caused the dementia&lt;/a&gt; which led to his death. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These articles &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/parliamentary-inquiry-call-links-between-11308796&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4961714/Calls-parliamentary-inquiry-FA-dementia-links.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd&lt;/a&gt; suggest FA were warned 22 years ago about dangers of heading footballs but FA refused it saying there is no connection back then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Baroness Elaine Murphy said she wrote to the FA in 1995 about the dangers posed to players in the sport, but claims the footballing body was 'very short and refuted any such association could exist'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-4371782/FA-announce-fund-study-dementia-football.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FA announced to fund study of dementia among footballers&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38990953&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uefa also has commissioned a research project that will examine the links between dementia and playing football&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/dementia-in-football-heading-fa-pfa-footballers-head-injury-a7580496.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This study&lt;/a&gt; mentions, dementia among retired footballers may be connected to repeated head ‘impacts’, caused by collisions and thousands of headers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The study included post-mortem examinations on six players who suffered dementia, which reveal that all of them had suffered from a tearing to a brain membrane consistent with chronic, repetitive head impacts from playing football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This study was initiated on 1980, and was done on 14 men with dementia and a significant history of playing football, monitoring them over time and carrying out post-mortem studies in six cases. So, &lt;em&gt;not sure if this study is significant enough&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other articles that might be of interest, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/nobby-stiles-manchester-united-england-pfa-fa-alzheimers-dementia-a7532336.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goal.com/en/news/worlds-leading-concussion-expert-warns-football-must-change/17boliqwam6ls1rou69ikj5iev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/30303721&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3rd&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T11:21:05.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16798" CreationDate="2018-07-15T12:26:26.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La Liga:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017/18 season, Lionel Messi hit the woodwork &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/denied-by-the-woodwork-fcbarcelona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18&lt;/strong&gt; times&lt;/a&gt;, which according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/OptaJose/status/964923151607107584/photo/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Opta&lt;/a&gt;, is the most in La Liga season since 2003/2004.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Premier League:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2011/12 season, Robin van Persie hit the woodwork &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/stats/top/players/hit_woodwork&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10&lt;/strong&gt; times&lt;/a&gt;, which according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/stats/top/players/hit_woodwork&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;premierleague.com&lt;/a&gt;, is the most in a Premier League season since 2006/2007.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bundesliga:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017/18 season, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang hit the woodwork &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/stats/bundesliga/current-season/all-matchdays/player-stats/shots-at-goal-wood-work&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt; times&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(I couldn't find anyone else with more and this is most probably not a record).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T12:26:26.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15746" CreationDate="2018-07-15T14:03:18.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since he was part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfootball.net/teams/italien-team/wm-1982-in-spanien/2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official team list&lt;/a&gt; in 1982, he is a World Cup winner. A player doesn't have to play any minutes to be considered a Cup winner. You can also see that on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174375/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his FIFA page&lt;/a&gt; (go to the career's tab).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also played in the 1990 and 1994 World Cups. Italy &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup#Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost the 1994 World Cup to Brazil&lt;/a&gt; on penalties, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_squads#Italy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baresi was the Italian Captain&lt;/a&gt;. It's understandable that he'd say he lost the only World Cup in his career as he lost the final he reached and played in. He was also one of the three Italian players to miss a penalty in the shootout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T07:43:35.967" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T07:43:35.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19903" CreationDate="2018-07-15T14:32:37.903" Score="5" ViewCount="18771" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livestrong.com/article/142038-tennis-rules-switching-sides/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; says: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player has to win six games, and at least two more than the foe, to claim a tennis match. Players switch sides after every odd game, as in the first, third and fifth games, and so on. Players also switch sides at the end of a set if they're playing an odd number of games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you start, 1-0, and change sides. If the game ends 6-0, 6-2 or 6-4 (or an even number of games), you play the first game of the new set, change sides, and you are back to the previous rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if a player wins 6-1 or 6-3? You win the set, then change sides. Now, you play a new set, do you change again at 1-0 (therefore after having played just one game), or wait until the 1-1 or 2-0, therefore now changing after an even number of games in the second set?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T03:44:05.133" LastActivityDate="2023-07-11T17:32:07.523" Title="Changing sides in tennis" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19901" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19902" CreationDate="2018-07-15T15:52:23.403" Score="5" ViewCount="1063" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referees used to ignore unintentional fouls, like unintentional handballs, but it seems that with the introduction of VAR in this world cup, they're not ignoring anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance the penalty in France VS Croatia in World Cup 2018 final is an unintentional handball by Perišić. The referee had a hard time calling it, but he did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if a referee used VAR, is he still allowed to ignore unintentional fouls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T16:08:59.170" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T01:51:32.467" Title="Does VAR allow referees to ignore unintentional fouls?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19901" CreationDate="2018-07-15T16:23:42.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referees refer to the same &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/#!/document&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; no matter whether they trust VAR or their own eyes when they make decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee called penalty because he reviewed VAR footage and decided that it was a deliberate handball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 12 – Fouls and Misconduct - Handling the ball&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handling the ball involves a deliberate act of a player making contact&#xA;  with the ball with his hand or arm. The referee must take the&#xA;  following into consideration:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an infringement [...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee most likely referred to the first paragraph, as Perišić moved his hand towards the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T19:26:36.343" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T19:26:36.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19900" CreationDate="2018-07-15T16:30:20.273" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;They switch at the end of the set, AND at the end of the first game, you are reading it correctly. Here are some pictures of it happening in the 2014 Australian Open Semis between Nadal and Federer (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7AiwWwiF_k&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nadal (red) is at the top, in the 9th game of the set.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SpHuV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SpHuV.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He won the set, and they switched sides for the start of the first game. He is now on the bottom.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lsjgm.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lsjgm.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the first game, being an odd-numbered game, they switch again and Nadal is back on the top of the screen.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MYrnn.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MYrnn.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No switching to even-numbered games needed!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T16:30:20.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19905" CreationDate="2018-07-15T17:11:44.980" Score="4" ViewCount="1008" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mario Mandžukić of Croatia scored two goals in the 2018 World Cup final against France, one of which was an own goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times has a player scored a goal and an own goal in a single World Cup game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-15T17:39:43.443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T01:40:29.847" Title="Players to score a goal and an own goal in a single World Cup game" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19904" CreationDate="2018-07-15T18:22:17.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2 times&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; a player has scored a goal and an own goal in a single World Cup game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Brandts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ernie Brandts&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A#Italy_vs_Netherlands&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a second-round match against Italy&lt;/a&gt;, scored goals for both teams in the same match. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=279/match=2391/index.html#nosticky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gdxFq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gdxFq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;e b&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=279/match=2391/index.html#nosticky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Mand%C5%BEuki%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mario Mandžukić&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331552/#match-liveblog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a FIFA World Cup final match against France&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ESPNStatsInfo/status/1018516378486263808&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;It is the first own goal in World Cup Final history.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SdfWo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SdfWo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;source&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/OptaJavier/status/1018538399131725825&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T01:40:29.847" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T01:40:29.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17536" CreationDate="2018-07-15T18:42:06.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I got all the positive-yard self-passes, but there are some that may have occurred way in the past that I missed. Football-Reference stops keeping detailed play-by-plays around 1994, so from Harbaugh down, I only counted the ones that I could confirm happened via the box score, but there are some that &lt;em&gt;may have occurred&lt;/em&gt; but were unverifiable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only two have been caught for touchdowns, three were in the playoffs, but only one in the playoffs AND for a touchdown (the Mariota one that sparked the question). Most were for single-digit yards, but the longest was for 20 in 1959 from Milt Plum. Drew Brees has the most positive-yard self-passes in his career with 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eb3ZM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eb3ZM.png&quot; alt=&quot;Table&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no table markdown in Stack Exchange, here is the lists specified to OP's request. Since the image has more detail, I am leaving it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;QBs which have passed to themselves for positive yardage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Johnny Unitas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lamar McHan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y.A. Tittle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Milt Plum&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;John Hadl&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sam Wyche&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tommy Kramer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Richard Todd&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dave Krieg (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bernie Kosar (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bobby Hebert (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vinny Testaverde (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Young&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Harbaugh&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bubby Brister&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brad Johnson (TD)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jake Plummer (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kent Graham&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Strenstrom&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Donovan McNabb (3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trent Green&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marc Bulger (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Joey Harrington (2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve McNair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aaron Brooks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Vick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drew Brees (4)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kurt Warner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Matthew Stafford&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jimmy Garoppolo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sam Bradford&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carson Wentz&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alex Smith&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marcus Mariota (TD)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="13379" LastEditDate="2018-09-06T19:15:01.500" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T19:15:01.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19908" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-15T19:49:14.107" Score="10" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the final match of the World Cup 2018 against Croatia, France won having &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331552/#match-statistics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;39% of possession of the ball&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2018/07/15/world/world-cup/france/croatia/2166125/?ICID=HP_MS_01_01&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;34%&lt;/a&gt; or even &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;32%&lt;/a&gt; according to other sources). In contrast, possession of the winner of other world cups have been:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014: &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2014/07/13/world/world-cup/germany/argentina/1220140/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;61% for Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010: &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2010/07/11/world/world-cup/netherlands/spain/881633/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;55% for Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2006: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/soccer/matchstats?gameId=191983&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;51% for Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2002: &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/germany_v_brazil/newsid_2067000/2067939.stm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;44% for Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's pretty much all I could find online. Is 2018 the world cup where the winner had the least possession of the ball in history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="12794" LastEditDate="2018-07-16T09:55:45.287" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T14:22:09.053" Title="Lowest ball possession in the final match of the World Cup" Tags="|football|records|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19901" CreationDate="2018-07-16T01:51:32.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is based on two false premises:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;that an unintentional handball is a foul; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;that the referee, Pitana, came to the conclusion that Perisic's handling was unintentional, yet still awarded a penalty kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most free-kick offences in Law 12 (i.e. &lt;em&gt;fouls&lt;/em&gt;) do not require intent. The majority simply require carelessness, recklessness or excessive force (i.e. charging, jumping at, kicking or attempting to kick, pushing, striking or attempting to strike, tackling or challenging, or tripping or attempting to trip). Some are simply strict liability offences - that is, the manner they are carried out in is irreleveant - all that is required is that they occurred - e.g. holding and impeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For handling to be an offence, it requires a deliberate act. There is no such thing as an unintentional handball foul. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/direct-free-kick-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 1 - Direct Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Handling the ball involves a deliberate act of a player making contact with the ball with the hand or arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following must be considered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the distance between the opponent and the ball (unexpected ball)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the position of the hand does not necessarily mean that there is an offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using these criteria, the referee determined that Perisic moved his hand towards the ball, and therefore handled the ball deliberately. This is why the penalty kick was awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also like to challenge the assertion in the opening sentence of the question that referees used to ignore unintentional fouls. It is far more likely that referees were missing fouls, rather than ignoring them. Prior to the introduction of VAR, referees had a lot of difficulty getting decisions right in the penalty area at the highest levels of the game, due to quick breaks leaving them in a bad position, or players screening their vision. Now with the VAR, missed incidents are now being referred to the referee so that they can get the decision correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T01:51:32.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18816" CreationDate="2018-07-16T02:02:54.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'll be unlikely to find a quote for this, so I'll draw upon personal experience as a player and referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, let's clarify the referee's role in stopping play for injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/powers-and-duties-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 - The Referee, Section 3 - Powers and Duties&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is only slightly injured&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;stops play if a player is seriously injured and ensures that the player is removed from the field of play ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the referee hasn't stopped play, they've decided that the player is only slightly injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ettiquette here really depends what is happening when the injury occurs or is noticed. If the other team are in the middle of a promising attack, there is not really any expectation that they put the ball out of play. They've done nothing illegal - so it's not fair that they're punished for fair play, and even if the ball is returned to them, it's not going to restore the strong position they were in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the other team is simply knocking the ball around the back, or not really doing anything with it, the team of the injured player will generally expect that the ball will be put out of play. In return, the team of the injured player will give the ball back, and the other team will be effectively in the same position they were in before the ball was put out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T02:02:54.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="179" CreationDate="2018-07-16T09:28:53.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;FIFA was against instant replays, but not anymore.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since IFAB (International Football Association Board) approved live experiments with video assistance for clear errors in match changing situations in its Annual General Meeting in 2016 &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/644/124828_140218_2016AGM_Minutes_v1.0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;(pdf)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, FIFA has fully implemented &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/video-assistant-referee-var/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video Assistant Referee&lt;/a&gt; technology in various competitions played under its auspices:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIFA Club World Cup&lt;/strong&gt; (starting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_FIFA_Club_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2016&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; edition)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIFA Confederations Cup&lt;/strong&gt; (starting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_FIFA_Confederations_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2017&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; edition)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIFA World Cup&lt;/strong&gt; (starting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; edition)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier though, FIFA wanted to retain the human element in the game. In 2005, Urs Linsi, FIFA General Secretary &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2005/m=6/news=urs-linsi-expect-another-great-success-this-year-98070.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;said&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players, coaches and referees all make mistakes. It's part of the&#xA;game. It's what I would call the &amp;quot;first match&amp;quot;. What you see after the&#xA;fact on video simply doesn't come into it; that's the &amp;quot;second match&amp;quot;,&#xA;if you like. Video evidence is useful for disciplinary sanctions, but&#xA;that's all. As we've always emphasised at FIFA, football's human&#xA;element must be retained. It mirrors life itself and we have to&#xA;protect it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T09:34:24.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13716" CreationDate="2018-07-16T09:54:04.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;IFAB's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/var-protocol/chapters/protocol-principles-practicalities-and-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VAR Protocol&lt;/a&gt; clearly defines how Video Assistant Referee technology needs to be implemented. Here is the Principle section of the protocol:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The use of VARs in football matches is based on a number of&#xA;  principles, all of which must apply in every match using VARs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official, with independent access to match footage, who may assist the referee only&#xA;  in the event of a ‘clear and obvious error’ or ‘serious missed&#xA;  incident’ in relation to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a. Goal/no goal  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;b. Penalty/no penalty  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;c. Direct red card (not second yellow card/caution)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;d. Mistaken identity (when the referee cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending team)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The referee must always make a decision, i.e. the referee is not permitted to give ‘no decision’ and then use the VAR to make the&#xA;  decision; a decision to allow play to continue after an alleged&#xA;  offence can be reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The original decision given by the referee will not be changed unless the video review clearly shows that the decision was a 'clear&#xA;  and obvious error'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Only the referee can initiate a ‘review’; the VAR (and other match officials) can only recommend a ‘review’ to the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The final decision is always taken by the referee, either based on information from the VAR or after the referee has undertaken an&#xA;  ‘on-field review’ (OFR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no time limit for the review process as accuracy is more important than speed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The players and team officials must not surround the referee or attempt to influence if a decision is reviewed, the review process or&#xA;  the final decision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The referee must remain ‘visible’ during the review process to ensure transparency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If play continues after an incident which is then reviewed, any disciplinary action taken/required during the post-incident period is&#xA;  not cancelled, even if the original decision is changed (except a&#xA;  caution/sendoff for stopping a promising attack or DOGSO).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If play has stopped and been restarted, the referee may not undertake a ‘review’ except for a case of mistaken identity or for a&#xA;  potential sending-off offence relating to violent conduct, spitting,&#xA;  biting or extremely offensive, insulting and/or abusive gesture(s).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The period of play before and after an incident that can be reviewed is determined by the Laws of the Game and VAR protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the VAR will automatically ‘check’ every situation/decision, there is no need for coaches or players to request a ‘review’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-technology.fifa.com/en/media-tiles/video-assistant-referee-var/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;how VAR was implemented&lt;/a&gt; during the FIFA World Cup 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same 4 incidents were reviewable as defined in VAR protocol. Then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;STEP 1 - &lt;strong&gt;Incident occurs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee informs the VAR, or the VAR recommends to the referee that&#xA;  a decision/incident should be reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;STEP 2 - &lt;strong&gt;Review and advice by the VAR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The video footage is reviewed by the VAR, who advises the referee via&#xA;  headset what the video shows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;STEP 3 - &lt;strong&gt;Decision or action is taken&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee decides to review the video footage on the side of the&#xA;  field of play before taking the appropriate action/decision, or the&#xA;  referee accepts the information from the VAR and takes the appropriate&#xA;  action/decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T09:54:04.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20207" CreationDate="2018-07-16T16:29:59.010" Score="3" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;This afternoon is the NFL franchise tag deadline. I keep hearing radio hosts talking about it as the deadline to sign a long-term deal. However, I was under the impression that once this deadline passes, the tagged player is under contract for one year, and that any player under contract with a team could agree to and sign a new contract or a contract extension with that same team at any time, 365 days a year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what rule prevents a tagged player from taking the one-year franchise tag tender and continuing to negotiate with their team after today for a better deal before the season starts, even if it is merely a contract extension? And when can they agree to a long-term contract: after the season, free agency next year, or some other time? Or am I being misled here, either by the terminology I'm hearing on the radio or by my own assumptions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12806" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T16:35:28.967" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T16:35:28.967" Title="What prevents a player/team from agreeing to a long-term contract after the franchise tag deadline?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="195" CreationDate="2018-07-17T14:10:55.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instant replay is also used to determine if a player is safe or out in close calls at a base or home plate. So according to Kevin's answer, it's used to determine fair or foul ball, whether the ball left the playing field, whether the ball was subject to spectator interference, plus the situation given by me above. My reference for the first part was my knowledge from watching countless hours of baseball on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T14:10:55.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-17T23:30:39.043" Score="0" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;So the scenario that I'm wondering about (not trying to be difficult, just curious)...  Runner at 2nd and 3rd...  hit to SS and a slow batter-runner....  SS tags 2nd who was advancing unforced and the runner at 3rd had a nice lead and is fast.  The runner from third crosses home before the forced out at 1st...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15806" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T15:20:33.780" Title="Does the run count on a force out if it's the second out of the play AND the first is a non-forced tag out?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19924" CreationDate="2018-07-18T15:09:52.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run doesn't count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;No run may score on an inning-ending play in which the third out is a&#xA;  force out or on the batter before he reaches first base. Put in other&#xA;  words, force outs count before runs are scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read about &quot;fourth out&quot; to understand the logic.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a situation where a third &quot;non-forced&quot; out is made AFTER a runner crosses home plate, the defense team can try a fourth &quot;forced&quot; out to prevent the run from scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So any forced out counts before a run is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastEditorUserId="15762" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T15:20:33.780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T15:20:33.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19930" CreationDate="2018-07-19T02:06:40.313" Score="0" ViewCount="281" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2003, the NBA playoffs format was changed to have every single round played to a best-of-7 series, a format that is still used in today's NBA. From the 2003 Playoffs up to 2018, which season had the most number of game 7s played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-19T13:50:39.480" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T13:50:39.480" Title="Most number of game 7s played in a single playoffs" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19929" CreationDate="2018-07-19T11:39:04.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_NBA_Playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; NBA Playoffs had the most 7-game encounters, with 5 each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T11:39:04.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19938" CreationDate="2018-07-19T21:50:02.753" Score="2" ViewCount="2106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why would the Atlanta Hawks trade for Carmelo Anthony to immediately put him on waivers?  Is it just to clear cap space?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-20T14:07:13.763" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T15:46:58.110" Title="Why would a team trade for then waive a player?" Tags="|nba|strategy|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19936" CreationDate="2018-07-20T00:57:54.083" Score="1" ViewCount="729" Body="&lt;p&gt;A tall back-row player executes a legal back-row attack, ending up near the net, and is immediately in a position to &quot;joust&quot; for a tight ball by simply reaching above the net, without jumping, winning the point.  Is this an illegal block by a back-row player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ruleset in use by this league is unclear, bonus points for any differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15819" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T06:42:37.737" Title="Can a back row player joust at the net without jumping?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19935" CreationDate="2018-07-20T06:42:37.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an illegal block. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB rule 14.1.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball&#xA;  coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net,&#xA;  regardless of the height of the ball contact. Only front-row players are&#xA;  permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the contact with&#xA;  the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and 14.6.2 which lists the faults which can be made while blocking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a&#xA;  completed block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, note that it is the fact of reaching higher than the top of the net which makes it a block. Whether or not the player jumps is irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T06:42:37.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19933" CreationDate="2018-07-20T15:46:58.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my understanding, the Hawks are trying to set up some moves for the future. Part of that is hoarding some draft picks (they received one in this deal), part of it is keeping cap space available (why they waive Carmelo--but they also get rid of Schroder's salary), and part of it is developing good, younger players (they've opted for PG's other than Schroeder--so they wanted to get rid of him but needed a trade to do so). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From OKC's perspective, they didn't want to keep Anthony's contract but instead of waiving him themselves, they looked around for such a deal where they could land a player or two that they want but for whom they'd need to trade (and not wanting to trade away much else but Anthony).  Yes, the Hawks waived Anthony to keep cap space but you could look at it as them doing the waiving &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; the Thunder with a middle step in between that benefits both teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9897" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T15:46:58.110" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19939" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-20T18:00:24.207" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;When clubs sign new players they usually organise a presentation for them, where players juggle the ball. I'm wondering which club/player started this tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g, here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Qr2SRSq8gC8?t=42s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of Real Madrid's new signing Vinícius Júnior juggling the ball during his presentation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T21:57:49.497" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T21:57:49.497" Title="Which club started the tradition of ball juggling during the presentation of newly signed player?" Tags="|football|history|transfer|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19953" CreationDate="2018-07-21T03:40:36.567" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;When holding the paddle, where should I grip the most tightly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been told to hold the paddle loosely because it makes it easier to switch from various stance. Are the main pressure points around the thumb and middle finger? The thumb having the higher pressure? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14048" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:24:52.120" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T13:19:53.623" Title="Proper grip of blade for shakehand" Tags="|strategy|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19941" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try to use &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/video-review&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;video-review&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;video-review&lt;/a&gt; tag instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19942" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" Score="0" Body="This tag is created to be used as a synonym of the video-review tag." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:46:59.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19943" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:12.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try to use the more general &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/video-review&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;video-review&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;video-review&lt;/a&gt; tag instead, as hawk eye is specific to the sport of tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:05:45.007" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:05:45.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19944" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:12.383" Score="0" Body="This tag is created to be used as a synonym of the video-review tag." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:47:12.383" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:47:12.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19945" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try to use &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/video-review&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;video-review&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;video-review&lt;/a&gt; tag instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19946" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" Score="0" Body="This tag is created to be used as a synonym of the video-review tag." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:47:24.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19947" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try to use &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/video-review&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;video-review&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;video-review&lt;/a&gt; tag instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19948" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" Score="0" Body="This tag is created to be used as a synonym of the video-review tag." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" LastActivityDate="2018-07-21T16:47:34.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19952" CreationDate="2018-07-21T16:47:35.573" Score="6" ViewCount="1462" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Free practice&lt;/em&gt; is a widely used term in motorsports, but I specifically wonder what &quot;free&quot; means in Formula 1. I've some choices without any reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it related to drivers, car parts, number of laps, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-07-22T20:24:15.950" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T18:56:08.570" Title="Why are the practice sessions called &quot;free&quot; in Formula 1?" Tags="|terminology|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16195" CreationDate="2018-07-23T04:25:17.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The mandatory compounds are there to prevent teams from favoring only the softest, fastest compound, as these mandatory compounds are usually the hardest and the second-hardest dry weather compounds that Pirelli have brought for a particular race weekend. This forces teams to adapt their strategies to having to use two different compounds during the race, consequently opening up strategy options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams now have to gather data on their selected tire allocations throughout the weekend to come up with an ideal tire strategy. Another result is that whenever they race at a track with heavy tire wear, (i.e., Silverstone) teams that do not make it into Q3 can take the option to start the race on the harder compound, effectively clearing the mandatory usage and allowing them to keep pitting for the softest compound from the first pit stop onwards, potentially giving them the faster tires for the latter half of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T04:25:17.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19949" CreationDate="2018-07-23T09:47:10.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no official reason why the term &quot;free&quot; is used to describe practice sessions, but here are a few reasons why the term could be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Attending a free practice session is &lt;strong&gt;not mandatory&lt;/strong&gt;, the drivers have to take part in at least one practice session to be allowed to start race. Here is the regulation from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Formula 1 sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;31.1 No driver may start in the race without taking part in at least one&#xA;  practice session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However teams want to obviously run as much as possible during those practice sessions as it gives them the opportunity to setup the car for the race weekend and better understand the tyres (how they react in the current conditions and which tyre strategy will be optimal during the race). Track characteristics and track conditions (e.g. air temperature, track temperature, humidity, if the track was recently resurfaces or not, ...) vary between each race, so the car needs to be set up differently every time and the right tyres need to be chosen. Those free practice sessions give the teams the chance to do so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They obviously rely a lot on all the data that they have gathered from other races, from testing sessions, from their windtunnel runs and CFD cases, but the data that they gather during the free practice sessions will define the setup they will run in the qualifying sessions and the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To complete what I said, as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/13485/ram-chandra-giri&quot;&gt;@Ram Chandra Giri&lt;/a&gt; mentioned in a comment, &lt;strong&gt;lap times are recorded but do not count towards any classification&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.motorsport.in/glossary-of-racing-terms/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Free practice – During these practice sessions before a Grand Prix,&#xA;  the lap times are recorded, but they have no influence on the starting&#xA;  order or the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only sessions that have an impact on the final results are the Qualifying sessions to determine the grid order and obviously the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell, it's called &quot;free&quot; practice session because the sessions aren't mandatory and the recorded lap times have no influence on the race weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/19759/steadybox&quot;&gt;@Steadybox&lt;/a&gt; (11/03/2020):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lap times set during the third practice session are used to determine&#xA;  the starting order if more than one car doesn't set a (fast enough)&#xA;  time during Q1, but is still allowed to race. (Article 35.1 in the&#xA;  2020 sporting regulations.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="14017" LastEditDate="2020-03-11T18:56:08.570" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T18:56:08.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19940" CreationDate="2018-07-23T13:19:53.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main pressure points are your index finger and thumb, because they hold the paddle. The fingers on the grip are just holding it in place and should be just tight enough to keep the paddle from moving around in your hand. So yes, you can hold it loosely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How tight you have to hold it depends on your play style, how comfortable you are with it and which stance you're playing with (the pressure points move a bit in forehand or backhand grips when the wood doesn't fit exactly between index finger and thumb anymore). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're just learning the shakehand grip you can simply put a small coin under the tip of your index finger and play without losing the coin. This should give you a proper feeling of how tight you need to hold your paddle. And it helps to keep the finger where it belongs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T13:19:53.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-23T13:52:23.423" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;There used to be other sports like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offside_(field_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;field hockey&lt;/a&gt; where they used to have an offside rule. To continue with the example of field hockey, the games were too defensive, and they weren't that many goals (which makes a sport less attractive to watch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To prevent this, they abolished the offside rule (which was similar to the one in association football if I'm not mistaken). The results of this abolishment was that the sport became more offensive, there were much more goals and at the end it became more popular because of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why doesn't FIFA abolish this rule? Games where there are a lot of goals are the best ones to watch and would make the sport more popular in the US for instance. Even more, the offside rule is often the most contested one and the most difficult to spot correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-23T14:02:12.233" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T14:02:12.233" Title="Why does football still use the offside rule?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-07-23T14:32:04.650" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19961" CreationDate="2018-07-24T10:57:28.047" Score="11" ViewCount="4015" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I asked this question on IPS.SE however I have altered the question to get a different insight from more sport minded people)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently, a new friend of mine started up a 5-a-side soccer session in which a group of his friends (that I had never met) would meet up and play a game for an hour twice a week. He invited me to come along as they were short one evening about a month ago and it has been a brilliant, enjoyable few weeks playing with them. (I am the youngest player at 21, and ages range up to 40 years old)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When he asked me to play initially, I mentioned to him:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I take playing soccer very seriously and change into a different person playing, nothing I say while playing should be taken to heart and if you're okay with that I'd love to play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I am generally easy-going although stubborn in day-to-day life, when playing football I have an innate need to win. Because of this, when playing on with or against someone that doesn't seem to be interested I will vocally (and probably borderline aggressively) tell them to come on and put some effort in while playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally this is taken quite well as just me being passionate while playing, however when a new person (approx. 34/35) joined the last session and I shouted to put some effort in he seemed to be quite stunned and taken aback that I had confronted him on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After each session we usually have a few drinks and chat about games etc that are on and I have made some great friends because of this, but this new guy flat out refused to speak to me after the game because he didn't want to be friends with a younger person who thinks he can boss people older than him around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to explain that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I had no intention of bossing him around and I'm sorry he thought that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but he did not listen and has ignored me since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not worried about making up with this person as I only see him for an hour or two at soccer a week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general consensus of the group is for a serious game but with lighthearted fun in between. Is there a way of changing a person's understanding of what I say in an interpersonal way? The rest of the group understood what I was going to be like before I played as my friend told them what I said. Is the best way to just outright say it to a new member or is there an easier/more conventional way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: is it okay to be overly passionate/borderline aggressive when on the pitch playing a team sport without it carrying over to off the pitch interactions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15835" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T12:14:06.207" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T19:40:52.617" Title="Is &quot;What happens on the pitch stays on the pitch&quot; appropriate sporting behavior?" Tags="|football|sports-psychology|etiquette|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19957" CreationDate="2018-07-24T11:51:54.333" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you play just for fun without any results being recorded you'll often have a few guys who don't give their best, simply because they don't have or want to. After all it's just for fun and having fun on the pitch can be very different from one person to another. Some people (like you) want to win every single game and someone else might be more interested in just doing tricks and showing off... or someone just comes to the pitch to hang around with you guys to drink a beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your case I'd try to be not too aggressive when someone doesn't want to listen. Give them time and they'll eventually adopt you your game and put more effort into it. They still need to get to know you and this does come with a price. Respect on a pitch is not found, it is earned. So go ahead and show them how you do it and lead by example. If they're interested in playing with you guys they'll learn more from this than from being shouted at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My old coach used to say that and he also said &quot;Here I'm your friend, but as soon as we go out there (pointing at the pitch), I'm your boss and when we're back I'll be your friend again. &quot;, but I don't think it is a good fit in game between friends. It's a game for fun and not the Fight Club. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T13:32:29.803" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T13:32:29.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19957" CreationDate="2018-07-24T12:57:16.820" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Answering your particular case&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your football skills (especially game vision, defensive skills) should match your leadership ambitions. Apart from the seniority in the team or leadership qualities, these are the skills players need to have to captain their teams. If you are in possession of these skills and if you create chances for your teammates to play (which is very important in street football), your teammates will &lt;strong&gt;love&lt;/strong&gt; to have you as a leader, motivator, or someone who tells them where, when or what to improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Answering your general question&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my personal experience as a frequent player, &lt;em&gt;“what happens on the pitch stays on the pitch”&lt;/em&gt; is only applicable if you are friends outside football too. E.g, if it was something else that connected you: your neighborhood, college, school, work, etc. but not the football itself. If it's not the case, I'm afraid, the great answers given on &lt;a href=&quot;https://interpersonal.stackexchange.com/q/15975/5608&quot;&gt;ips.se&lt;/a&gt; still hold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your football temperament is very close to mine. I have couple of unpleasant memories from the times when while being extremely emotional and passionate about the result or small game details I have ruined the game for my teammates and opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T19:40:52.617" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T19:40:52.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2018-07-24T17:33:56.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most frequent throw a catcher makes (besides throwing the ball back to the pitcher) is to throw out a runner on first base trying to steal second base.  Because it is the most frequent throw, and because it keeps the runner from advancing to a scoring position (runner can score from 2nd base on a single), it is also the most consequential throw a catcher makes.  A large majority of baseball players are right handed and bat right handed.  That means, the majority of time, there is a right handed batter in the batters box. A right handed batter is in the way of the throw to second base from a left handed catcher.  As second based is the farthest base to the catcher every split second counts.  Any impedance to the throw and avoidance of the batter can make the difference between an out or a person in scoring position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15839" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T17:33:56.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19957" CreationDate="2018-07-24T18:33:48.483" Score="18" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is: is it okay to be overly passionate/borderline aggressive when on the pitch playing a team sport without it carrying over to off the pitch interactions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Nope&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple answer: Unless everybody on the team thinks that's okay (or they are paid to accept it), that's simply not okay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being on the pitch reveals the worst of a person's character. In your case that's apparently &quot;borderline aggressive&quot; behavior. Clearly there is somebody on the team who isn't simply accepting/ignoring that behavior, so now it's up to you how you want to handle this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Sportsmanship and abusive behavior&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sportsmanship&lt;/em&gt; - named after sports itself - is all about one upping normal daily behavior. During normal interactions shouting abusively isn't accepted, so on the pitch you should one-up that. Yes, you will be under stress and it can be hard, but sports is typically about a whole lot more than just winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honestly, there are a lot of bad role models in sports. We often see professional coaches losing their cool on TV. We have all heard about abusive high school coaches. So in that sense it's not surprising that such behavior will feel acceptable, especially if you had such a coach at some point. The simple reality however, is that outside of very 'serious' contexts this behavior is simply considered abusive. If it's not okay in the office, nor in the bar, why would it be acceptable on the pitch? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Do you even achieve what you want?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside of sports a lot of research has been done into this type of leadership and it turns out that all it does is demotivate the large majority of people causing most companies with such leadership do well short term and then burn up quickly and completely.  If your goal is to win, think about what will motivate each individual player. Maybe there are players who will get motivated by being shouted at and actually enjoy it (who knows, there are a lot of weird kinks out there and shouting at each other might get the adrenaline flowing), but for most there are different far better ways to motivate them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15840" LastEditorUserId="15840" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T18:41:53.780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T18:41:53.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18860" CreationDate="2018-07-24T19:55:54.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a bad call. Nothing that happened after the ball was thrown out of play is relevant. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umpirebible.com/OBR16/5.0.htm#506b4G&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 5.06(b)(4)(G)&lt;/a&gt; applies here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.06(b)(4)&lt;/strong&gt; Each runner including the batter-runner may, without liability to be put out, advance&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    ...&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(G)&lt;/strong&gt; two bases when, with no spectators on the playing field, a thrown ball goes into the stands, or into a bench (whether or not the ball rebounds into the field), or over or under or through a field fence, or on a slanting part of the screen above the backstop, or remains in the meshes of a wire screen protecting spectators. The ball is dead. When such wild throw is the first play by an infielder, the umpire, in awarding such bases, shall be governed by the position of the runners at the time the ball was pitched; in all other cases the umpire shall be governed by the position of the runners at the time the wild throw was made;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was thrown out of play when the runner was between 1st and 2nd, before he ever reached 2nd base. The play is dead, and the runner is &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; awarded 3rd base. He can't miss second base, because he isn't actually &lt;em&gt;running&lt;/em&gt; from 1st to 3rd anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(One could argue whether the 2nd baseman's throw is the first or second throw of the play, but the result is the same whether you award the two bases from 1st base or between 1st and 2nd base.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T19:55:54.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19964" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19967" CreationDate="2018-07-25T01:01:18.100" Score="2" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last year, with only drivers from Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull finishing on the podium, Force India drivers Sergio Perez and Esteban Ocon finished 7th and 8th in the championship with no podium finishes, but only having 3 and 2 non-points finishes, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throughout F1 history, which driver has the highest finishing position in the drivers championship without a podium finish? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="15689" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T08:43:15.660" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T21:33:06.557" Title="Highest Formula One WDC ranking without a podium finish?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19964" CreationDate="2018-07-25T09:05:13.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two drivers have finished a season on rank 6 without a single podium finish throughout the respective season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers&amp;#39;_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robert Kubica in 2007, highest finish position was 4&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers&amp;#39;_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Felipe Massa in 2011, highest finish position was 5&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Several drivers finished a season on rank 7 without a podium position: Wolfgang von Trips (1960), Jacques Villeneuve (2000), Jenson Button (2002), &#xA;Rubens Barichello (2006), Nico Rosberg (2009) and Sergio Pérez (2017).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15689" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T09:05:13.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19964" CreationDate="2018-07-25T09:26:33.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the past season, I will focus on post-2003 seasons since points were awarded for lower finishing positions from 2003 onwards, meaning more drivers could score points and therefore rank higher in the standings by scoring points more often by simply being consistent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2010-present: points for top 10 finishers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2003-2009: points for top 8 finishers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1960-2003: points for top 6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;pre-1960: points for top 5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Checking the season summaries (since 2003) on Wikipedia, I found that &lt;strong&gt;Massa and Kubica hold the record for highest WDC position without scoring any podiums&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kubica, sixth place in 2007 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers&amp;#39;_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Massa, sixth place in 2011 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers&amp;#39;_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T21:33:06.557" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T21:33:06.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-25T11:28:40.400" Score="4" ViewCount="1975" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been reading this, but the details still feel unclear.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nba/second-chance-points.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nba/second-chance-points.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short question:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Will any shooting miss activate the possibility for second chance points as long as the ball stays on the team? (ie both regular shot and free throw). Or wont a missed free throw activate the possibility for second chance on the teams next shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The link says  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player is fouled on a shot attempt and receives free throws, any points scored are not considered second chance points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] I interpret this that if a player tries to shoot, but is fouled, this will not count ass a missed shot that will activate the chance to get second chance points on an eventual free throw. Am i right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15855" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T10:48:57.403" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T14:09:00.793" Title="What is the definition for second chance points in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|nba|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19969" CreationDate="2018-07-25T19:37:43.003" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketball is a game of offense and defense. The defense wins when the offense fails to score on a single possession. The offense can lose to the defense in a multitude of ways (Turnovers, Missed Shots, Offensive fouls). The offense can win in multiple ways besides making a basket(scoring). This is where second chance points come into play. When the offense is able to recover a missed shot (offensive rebound), they are rewarded with a second chance to score... if they do score the correct term for this is (second chance point). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15858" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T19:37:43.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19969" CreationDate="2018-07-26T02:16:14.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote the article from original link included in the OP:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A basketball phrase used to describe any points scored during a possession by the offense after an offensive player has &lt;strong&gt;already attempted one shot and missed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I take this as meaning that any shot attempt that allows for a rebound (which includes the last shot on a free throw sequence) that results in an offensive rebound and a subsequent score will be considered second chance points. So yes, getting an offensive rebound immediately activates a second chance point chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player is fouled on a shot attempt and receives free throws, any&#xA;  points scored are not considered second chance points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation of this is that even if a player fouled on a shot attempt off an offensive rebound makes the shot for an and-one free throw, the points scored on that shot (but not on the free throw) would also be credited as second-chance points, much like how this would be counted as a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T02:16:14.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19973" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19974" CreationDate="2018-07-26T08:01:50.577" Score="1" ViewCount="1313" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's the scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter hits pitch, ball looks to drop just outside the fence but a fielder manages to get to the fence quickly and climb on it to attempt a catch, raising his arm to try and get the ball on the glove. Fielder's glove touches the ball but accidentally drops the ball over the fence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens in this case? Is this considered a home run or is this just an automatic double?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T15:36:15.890" Title="What happens if fielder catches ball at fence but drops ball over fence?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19973" CreationDate="2018-07-26T11:59:15.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a home run. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.05(a)(9) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any fair fly ball is deflected by the fielder into the stands ...&#xA;  or over the fence in fair territory, the batter shall be entitled to a&#xA;  home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4axp0olGfMQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;, the ball hits the glove and head of the fielder and goes over the fence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15859" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T15:36:15.890" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T15:36:15.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-26T12:31:50.800" Score="2" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading Rule 5.05, I came across the following in (a)(5):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A fair ball passes over a fence or into the stands at a distance from&#xA;  home base of 250 feet or more. Such hit entitles the batter to a home&#xA;  run when he shall have touched all bases legally. A fair fly ball that&#xA;  passes out of the playing field at a point less than 250 feet from&#xA;  home base shall entitle the batter to advance to second base only;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am unable to picture a stadium having a wall in fair territory less than 250 feet away from home. In fact, a mandate from Rule 2.01 says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The distance from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other&#xA;  obstruction on fair territory shall be 250 feet or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the historical significance, if any, of having &quot;less than 250 feet&quot; in rule 5.05(a)(5) if ballparks cannot have walls less than 250 feet away from home plate (per rule 2.01)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15859" LastEditorUserId="15859" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T14:14:57.797" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T20:03:05.250" Title="Why have &quot;less than 250 feet&quot; in rule 5.05(a)(5) if rule 2.01 renders its chance of occurrence to zero?" Tags="|rules|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19975" CreationDate="2018-07-26T15:01:25.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the following, from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www4.stat.ncsu.edu/~reiland/baseball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to the 1930 American League season, and prior to the 1931&#xA;  National League season, fly balls that bounced over or through the&#xA;  outfield fence were home runs! All batted balls that cleared or went&#xA;  through the fence on the fly or that were hit more than 250 feet in&#xA;  the air and cleared or went through the fence after a bounce in fair&#xA;  territory were counted as home runs. After the rule change the batter&#xA;  was awarded second base and these were called &quot;automatic doubles&quot;&#xA;  (ground-rule doubles are ballpark-specific rules) and are covered by&#xA;  rule 6.09(d)-(h) in the MLB Rule Book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would seem that ground-rule doubles were counted as home runs back then, as long as they traveled at least 250 feet in the air first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T15:01:25.123" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-26T18:44:02.520" Score="0" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is located between yard markers, which yard line is displayed on the scoreboard and is the running back credited for a yard gain or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15861" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T19:29:57.910" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T18:01:45.333" Title="What yard shows on scoreboard if the ball is between yard lines?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20002" CreationDate="2018-07-27T02:37:49.917" Score="5" ViewCount="3245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player in a Thursday Night Football game catches the eye of a team playing on the Sunday or Monday of the same Week, and a trade is quickly completed in the interim.  The player is able to show up at his new team's game, would he be allowed to dress/play for that game?  Is such a quick trade even permissible under league rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T00:50:32.943" Title="Can a traded player play for two teams in one week?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18801" CreationDate="2018-07-27T11:28:07.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definiton of &lt;em&gt;break&lt;/em&gt; in the WPBSA rules is odd and has no meaning in practice. The World Snooker Tour definitely counts consecutive points rather than the number of pots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following image is from the China Open 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YpB2D.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YpB2D.png&quot; alt=&quot;ronnie 147&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Oxford Dictionary and Wikipedia define &lt;em&gt;break&lt;/em&gt; correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/break&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oxford Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Billiards Snooker&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br&gt; A consecutive series of successful shots, scoring a specified number of points. &lt;br&gt; ‘a break of 83 put him in&#xA;  front for the first time’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_snooker#Gameplay&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A break is the number of points scored by a player in one single visit&#xA;  to the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Snooker referees count the breaks loudly. Those breaks are officially recorded and most of the tournaments award the player who scored the highest break. Also note that foul points are not included in the breaks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we return to the main question, the answer is YES. Even one ball is a break, but indeed it is a one-point break. Let's say R. O'Sullivan potted a red ball in one turn. If he misses the next pot, the referee will say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Ronnie O'Sullivan, one&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;One&lt;/em&gt; is the break here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorDisplayName="user13631" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T17:13:10.597" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T17:13:10.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16558" CreationDate="2018-07-28T04:55:10.133" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Hong Kong, odds for place are calculated in this way: If there is a total of $100 bet on place, and after a deduction of 15% (for example), $85 will be paid out for place. The $85 will be divided into 3 (or 2 depending on the number of starters) equal shares, and thus the final payout can always be calculated for each horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15867" LastActivityDate="2018-07-28T04:55:10.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19988" CreationDate="2018-07-29T05:27:15.943" Score="2" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how much is the cost for a team to be registered in the CONCACAF Champions League. E.g, let's say the champion club from Haiti wants to play in the first phase of the CONCACAF Champions League against Caribbean teams. Do they have to pay to play the tournament? How much?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15036" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T09:56:07.477" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T11:14:44.910" Title="How much is the cost for a team to be registered in the CONCACAF Champions League?" Tags="|rules|football|finances|concacaf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19987" CreationDate="2018-07-29T11:14:44.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually such prestigious continental tournaments don't require entrance payments, instead they require the proofs for financial stability of the entrants. From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.concacafchampionsleague.com/en/regulations&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONCACAF Champions League Regulations&lt;/a&gt; - III. ENTRIES AND WITHDRAWALS - Entry Criteria,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. As a matter of principle, clubs will earn the right to be entered&#xA;  by their Association into the competition through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Fair play and sporting merit;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Compliance with their Association’s Regional Club Licensing requirements;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Financial good standing with their Association and CONCACAF.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CONCACAF has other means of making money though (part of which is later redistributed between participating clubs as participation fee or prize money), e.g, from V. FINANCIAL PROVISIONS - Revenue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Participating clubs agree to pay 5% of the gross ticket revenues (or a&#xA;  minimum of $500.00 USD) to CONCACAF for each match within 30 days&#xA;  after each match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or from XIV. MARKETING RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;K. CONCACAF, as the licensor, will have the right to receive 80% of&#xA;  the event specific Merchandise Revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the clubs from Caribbean Zone (where Haiti belongs to), the clubs from Caribbean associations first need to play in the Caribbean Club Championship (also called Tier 1), from where only the winners qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-announces-expanded-concacaf-caribbean-club-championship-for-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONCACAF website&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Tier 1 Caribbean Club Championship, which launches on January 31,&#xA;  2018, will feature eight professional clubs from four Member&#xA;  Associations – the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica and Trinidad &amp;amp;&#xA;  Tobago. The Tier 2 competition will consist of clubs from twelve&#xA;  Caribbean Member Association leagues that do not presently meet the&#xA;  minimum CONCACAF Club Licensing requirements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is some more information about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.concacaf.com/en/article/concacaf-club-licensing-at-work-in-bonaire&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;club licencing&lt;/a&gt; from CONCACAF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cfufootball.org/documents/cfu-statutes-22-may-2012-edition.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;statutes&lt;/a&gt;, Caribbean Football Union (which organizes Caribbean Club Championship) defines similar to CONCACAF criteria for entering competitions played under its auspices and there is no mention of entrance fee. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T11:14:44.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19989" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark questions with this tag if they are about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONCACAF&lt;/a&gt; (The Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football) and/or about competitions played under its auspices, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONCACAF Gold Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONCACAF Nations League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONCACAF Champions League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CONCACAF League&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also competitions played under regional football unions:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;North American Zone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Central American Zone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Caribbean Zone (e.g, CFU Club Championship)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The questions must also be tagged with &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19990" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to CONCACAF - the association football continental governing body of North, Central America and the Caribbean." OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T13:47:23.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-30T02:36:56.430" Score="1" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;I brought a cricket bat last month. I had a couple of sessions in nets and it started cracking along the grain at the shoulder of the bat. Is it normal or do I need to repair it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ByXBhm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;bat[1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15871" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T09:59:53.087" LastActivityDate="2019-09-03T23:02:20.327" Title="Cricket bat crack effect" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10266" CreationDate="2018-07-30T11:34:04.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lucky losers that won WTA tournaments:&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Danilovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olga Danilović&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Moscow_River_Cup_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Moscow&lt;/a&gt; 2018)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_loser#Lucky_losers_as_tennis_tournament_winners_and_finalists&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucky loser&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/danilovic-claims-first-title-moscow-after-all-teen-tussle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Danilovic claims first title in Moscow after all-teen tussle&lt;/a&gt; - WTA website (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180730113427/http://www.wtatennis.com/news/danilovic-claims-first-title-moscow-after-all-teen-tussle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisforum.com/12-general-messages/1315633-38-years-later-lucky-loser-win-again-wta-tournament.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;38 years later Lucky Loser win again WTA tournament&lt;/a&gt; - Tennis Forum&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Several sources claimed that actually the first lucky loser WTA winner was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Jaeger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrea Jaeger&lt;/a&gt; in 1980 Las Vegas. (For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucky_loser&amp;amp;oldid=850077427#Lucky_losers_as_tennis_tournament_winners_and_finalists&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;several revisions of the Wikipedia article on Lucky loser&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wtatennis.com/news/serena-wins-stanford-ties-venus-43-titles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another article on WTA website&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T12:02:57.687" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T12:02:57.687" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-07-30T11:34:04.303" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19996" CreationDate="2018-07-30T21:08:47.777" Score="4" ViewCount="2478" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/C4hkOAOJ40I&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;, you'll see on multiple occasions that a team celebrated just a tiny a bit too long, the referee let the match continue while the team is celebrating and the second team took the opportunity to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;is there a fixed duration for goal celebration?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;could the referee continue the match without telling the team to stop celebrating?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-30T21:50:49.517" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T01:27:25.950" Title="Is there a fixed duration for celebration in football" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19994" CreationDate="2018-07-30T22:27:52.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there a fixed duration for goal celebration?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct - 3. Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt; states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;CELEBRATION OF A GOAL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Players can celebrate when a goal is scored, but the celebration must&#xA;  not be excessive; choreographed celebrations are not encouraged and&#xA;  must not cause excessive time-wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;DELAYING THE RESTART OF PLAY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees must caution players who delay the restart of play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;excessively delaying a restart&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;, there's no fixed duration, that's why referees will decide which celebrations are appropriate and which ones cause excessive time-wasting relying on the common sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Could the referee continue the match without telling the team to stop celebrating?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; Because the referee first needs to caution the players who delay the restart of play as described above. Also, the referee has to make sure that all players are on their halves of the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-start-and-restart-of-play2018/chapters/kick-off-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 8 - The Start and Restart of Play - 1. Kick-Off&lt;/a&gt; states,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;PROCEDURE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For every kick-off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;all players, except the player taking the kick-off, must be in their own half of the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-30T22:27:52.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19994" CreationDate="2018-07-31T01:27:25.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two questions here. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/19995/3526&quot;&gt;gdrt's answer&lt;/a&gt; covers all aspects of the first, so I will simply summarise before moving onto the second. Firstly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is there a fixed duration for goal celebration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. This is a discretionary decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3  - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players can celebrate when a goal is scored, but the celebration must not be excessive; choreographed celebrations are not encouraged and must not cause excessive time-wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referees must caution players who delay the restart of play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;excessively delaying a restart&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could the referee continue the match without telling the team to stop celebrating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer to this is - it depends. If a goal was actually scored, the following must occur before a kick-off can be taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-start-and-restart-of-play2018/chapters/kick-off-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 8 - The Start and Restart of Play, Section 1 - Kick-off&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For every kick-off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;all players, except the player taking the kick-off, must be in their own half of the field of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee gives a signal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee believes that the team who has just scored are celebrating for too long, this is easily solved by moving towards the celebration early, and asking players to move back to their own half. If this does not work, cautions for delaying the restart of play can be issued. Any wasted time should be added on in accordance with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match_2018/chapters/allowance-for-time-lost-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7, Section 3&lt;/a&gt; so that the opponents are not disadvantaged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the Laws stopping the referee from restarting play if all players (other than those temporarily off the field of play due to injury, etc.) are in their own half. While the referee, &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; do this, this does not mean they &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt;. A kick-off should not be used as punishment to give the opponents a freebie goal. The expectation at a kick-off is that all opponents are ready to defend. Any referee who used their discretion in this manner would likely be criticised in an official performance assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a goal was &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; scored, the following applies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2018/LotG_18_19_EN_Practical_Guidelines.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game 2018/19 Practical Guidelines, pp. 197 - 198&lt;/a&gt; [pdf]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whistle is needed to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;restart play for:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;free kicks when the appropriate distance is required&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;penalty kicks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;restart play after it has been stopped for a:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;caution or sending-off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;injury&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substitution&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whistle is NOT needed to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;restart play from:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;most free kicks, and a goal kick, corner kick, throw-in or dropped ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKGVK5uAQN8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this clip of a goal in a match between Deportivo Toluca FC and CF Monterrey&lt;/a&gt;, if a goal is disallowed, and there is no injury, caution or send-off, substitution or wall being set at the subsequent restart, the defending team is allowed to put the ball back into play immediately. They did here and managed to score. The lesson here is that players should not celebrate unless the referee has unambiguously signalled for a goal by pointing back towards the centre mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T01:27:25.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19997" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-31T05:32:59.477" Score="1" ViewCount="1047" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanted to know how many players a club can sell during the transfer period? Are there any rules that FIFA (or UEFA) have issued regarding this matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10033" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T05:54:14.080" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T22:58:27.190" Title="How many players a club can sell during a single transfer period?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|uefa|transfer|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-31T05:49:13.643" Score="1" ViewCount="810" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was at a game, where 10 seconds were remaining, player A had the ball and player B of the opposite team started yelling the countdown (3,2,1...). Player A shot from half court over the board and the referee called the play out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, can a player shout falsely the remaining time of the shooting clock to distract and trick their opponent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15877" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T07:47:55.383" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T12:22:08.230" Title="Can a player shout falsely the remaining time of the shooting clock?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19997" CreationDate="2018-07-31T06:48:51.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA has no limitations. You could basically sell your whole squad and hire a new one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA has no limits when selling players, but the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/protecting-the-game/club-licensing-and-financial-fair-play/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Financial Fair Play&lt;/a&gt; (FFP) rules must be followed when buying new players. Basically they are only allowing a certain amount of expenses exceeding the club's budget. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also UEFA has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegrown_Player_Rule_(UEFA)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;homegrown player&lt;/a&gt; rule, which may as well be stricter in domestic competitions (or at least in Germany). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T06:48:51.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19997" CreationDate="2018-07-31T06:57:32.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Article 1 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/official-documents/law-regulations/index.html#doctransfersreg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players&lt;/a&gt; states that international transfer rules are governed by FIFA, whereas same-association transfers are governed by the association regulations (approved by FIFA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;strong&gt;no limit&lt;/strong&gt; in FIFA regulations on the number of players being sold (or bought) during a single transfer period. As stated above, member associations (e.g. The FA, Royal Spanish Football Federation etc.) can have their own transfer regulations (approved by FIFA), defining a limit on number of released/registered players which is, however, usually not the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the excerpt from FIFA regulations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 1 - Scope&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;These regulations lay down global and binding rules concerning the status of players, their eligibility to participate in organised&#xA;  football, and their transfer between clubs belonging to different&#xA;  associations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The transfer of players between clubs belonging to the same association is governed by specific regulations issued by the&#xA;  association concerned in accordance with article 1 paragraph 3 below,&#xA;  which must be approved by FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, confederations (e.g UEFA, CONMEBOL) can have their own subset of rules regarding transfers. UEFA, famously, has Financial Fair Play Regulations, which prevent clubs spending more than they earn. Here are some relevant links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16353/12991&quot;&gt;Is there a limit on a team's spending in one transfer window?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=2064391.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Financial Fair Play explained on uefa.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA also requires minimum of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/protecting-the-game/protection-young-players/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;eight homegrown players&lt;/a&gt; in 25-man squad in UEFA Competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T22:58:27.190" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T22:58:27.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19998" CreationDate="2018-07-31T07:09:40.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There may be sportsmanship rules in lower age leagues but there is no basketball rule against this.   This would be very very very hard for a referee to call.   They would need to figure out the intent of the player and decipher that.   Really outside of the realm of a referee's job.  So not only is there no rule but there is no way a referee could really call something if there was a &quot;sportsmanship&quot; rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T07:09:40.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2018-07-31T07:30:06.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The commissioner's office is responsible for making sure teams are following protocol on trades. You can only play in one game per week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example - Percy Harvin playing for the Seahawks in a Thursday night game was not allowed to play for Jets that weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example - Will Allen &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/AlleWi21/fantasy/2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;played in 17 games in one year&lt;/a&gt; (2013; when the season was only 16 games) - he was traded to a team that already had their bye week when his team had not. I am not sure if he got paid more for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T00:50:32.943" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T00:50:32.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19979" CreationDate="2018-07-31T07:35:47.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whatever the person running the scoreboard wants.   The scoreboard is not official.  The operator can choose whatever.   For instance if it is 4th and 3 inches and the first down is right at the 43, most scorekeepers will chose the 42 to signify it is not a first down, although they could do whatever they want.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T07:35:47.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19998" CreationDate="2018-07-31T12:22:08.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, there is a concept called &quot;elastic power,&quot; which says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The officials shall have the power to make decisions on any point not&#xA;  specifically covered in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, if &quot;sportsmanship&quot; is an issue and this form of distraction is not specifically covered in the rules, the referee may use elastic power to address the circumstance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15879" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T12:22:08.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20005" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-31T14:33:46.433" Score="2" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I learned that 1-1-8 is one of the oldest football formations. It was widespread in 19th century. Why this unusual formation was so popular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12350" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T15:17:13.677" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T19:08:28.060" Title="Why was the 1-1-8 formation popular in 19th Century football?" Tags="|football|history|formations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18860" CreationDate="2018-07-31T18:47:21.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both citations and both answers you have are correct.   Coming from 20+ years of umpiring I can tell you this happens a lot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is if the runner goes from 1st to 3rd directly on a dead ball play this is not subject to appeal.  The umpire on the field should have made the player touch second then third.   Do a 5th grade boys game and this might happen once a game.   It is the umpire's responsibility to enforce the rules when the ball is dead.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example - catcher calls timeout.   Runner is taking a lead off of first base.   Home plate umpire signals for play to resume.   The umpire in the field or first base umpire would tell the runner to get back on first base to start the play.  He doesn't just get to keep his lead off that he had because neither the runner nor the pitcher is sure that play has resumed.   But really the home plate umpire shouldn't signal for play resuming unless he see all of the base runners standing safely on their bags.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So really this is an issue with the umpire not the player.   Yes the player should know to touch the bags in order and follow these rules but on a dead ball they are not enforceable.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question.   He is safe at third.  If a coach/player appealed the play by the runner... it is useless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An umpire could have the runner go back to first and run the bases correctly.   That is all they could do to enforce this (I would never let a kid skip through the infield and yes it happens probably half the time on overthrows in kids games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T18:47:21.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20005" CreationDate="2018-07-31T19:08:28.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you say 19th century, you probably mean after 1863, when association football and rugby football split up, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Football_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The FA&lt;/a&gt; was formed and later ball handling, shin-kicking, tripping and holding an opponent were disallowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In FIFA article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-game/global-growth.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;History of Football - The Global Growth&lt;/a&gt;, these extreme formations are explained with the fact that despite splitting up with rugby football and change of rules, the game tactics were still similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When Scotland played England in Glasgow on 30 November 1872, [...]&#xA;  Both teams employed what might today be considered rather attacking&#xA;  formations - Scotland (2-2-6), England (1-1-8) - but back then the&#xA;  game still retained many of the mob-football characteristics of&#xA;  kicking and rushing and, in tactics at least, probably more closely&#xA;  resembled modern-day rugby than football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3CTGH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3CTGH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;England - Scotland&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The poster from that match. Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/what-we-do/history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The FA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T19:08:28.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20013" CreationDate="2018-08-01T14:00:32.093" Score="5" ViewCount="8085" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering during the break in a snooker game can I simple strike the cue softly and just touch the reds. Or do I have to hit the cue ball and make sure it rebounds and hits a cushion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just wanted to tap the reds so it lands closer to the reds without breaking the triangle bunch as much..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15884" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-08-01T14:35:34.497" LastActivityDate="2018-08-05T15:46:06.233" Title="Does one have to hit a cushion during a break in snooker?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20011" CreationDate="2018-08-01T21:04:23.320" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not in snooker, on any shot. You just have to hit the correct ball first. The break shot has no extra rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official rules of snooker are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here, the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No specific rule applies to the opening shot of a frame, nor is there anything requiring cushions to be hit.&#xA;There is a rule about cushions in the section for Shoot-out Snooker, but this variant is rarely played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pool does have rules in these areas, but that is a different sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastEditorUserId="15884" LastEditDate="2018-08-05T15:46:06.233" LastActivityDate="2018-08-05T15:46:06.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-02T00:23:45.707" Score="1" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;I notice that at the London Olympics several of the swimmers wore headphones as they came into the pool area. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xwCJu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xwCJu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T03:15:58.007" Title="Why do swimmers wear headphones?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20014" CreationDate="2018-08-02T03:15:58.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the same reason that a number of athletes in almost every sport, and a number of officials too: they are listening to music/speech/ambient noise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For many it is a good way of mentally preparing themselves for an event, whether to calm their mind or focus their attention or build an aggravation, depending on what they listen to and what they may have discussed with sports psychologists or other coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T03:15:58.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20017" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-02T04:23:12.180" Score="0" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm just begin interested in golf, so i'm intend buy one golf club but I don't have the experience to choose. What are my options?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15888" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T05:58:56.053" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T11:23:14.733" Title="How to choose a golf club for beginners with at least cost?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-03-27T06:42:39.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18003" CreationDate="2018-08-02T13:08:20.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This doesn't fully answer your question...as I don't have the time to comb through 50 years of hat trick data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were 4 hat tricks during the 2017-18 NHL season that were natural hat tricks in which the score finished 3-0 (ensuring the occurrence of a natural hat trick).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201710040EDM.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Connor McDavid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711090MTL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jason Zucker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711280VEG.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Radek Faksa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201803060NYR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patrik Laine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combing thru box scores, there were another 9 hat tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201804070LAK.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Benn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201803180VEG.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Karlsson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201802250ANA.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Richard Rakell&lt;/a&gt; (last two goals of regulation, first goal of shootout)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201802130CAR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Justin Faulk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201801060BOS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patrice Bergeron&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201712010NYR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Grabner&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711130CAR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Teuvo Teravainen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201710280NSH.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Tavares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201710090EDM.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicolaj Ehlers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, 13 out of 81 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/leagues/NHL_2018_hat-tricks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hat tricks during the 2017-18 NHL season&lt;/a&gt; were natural, which is &lt;strong&gt;16.05%&lt;/strong&gt;. I'm not sure how this extrapolates over time, but I will admit that I wasn't expecting more than 10%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15879" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:50:52.690" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:50:52.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16684" CreationDate="2018-08-03T20:00:05.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from players already mentioned in the question (Zamora, Martins, Brehme), I couldn't find anyone else who scored penalty-kicks with both feet in top level football (let alone in top European leagues).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, I have something &lt;strong&gt;juicier&lt;/strong&gt; for you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Verdi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Simone Verdi&lt;/a&gt; has scored &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.football-italia.net/112342/donadoni-bologna-blame&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2 free-kicks in one game with both feet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for Bologna F.C. 1909, in a Serie A match of the 2017/18 season, Bologna 2-3 Crotone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the left-foot free-kick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3bfg7.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3bfg7.gif&quot; alt=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the right-foot one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SIgqm.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SIgqm.gif&quot; alt=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/UUlOGgt_xEo?t=1m52s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Serie A YouTube video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T20:00:05.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20023" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-04T13:03:58.603" Score="4" ViewCount="414" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am of course referring to the foul that occurred at the 113th minute of the round of 16 match between Croatia and Denmark, when Rebić would have scored an easy goal had he not been fouled in the box by Jorgensen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D7x7y.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D7x7y.png&quot; alt=&quot;Jorgensen&amp;#39;s foul&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we know, a penalty kick was awarded but Jorgensen was only cautioned. Everyone seemed to agree with this decision, on the basis that Jorgensen did try to play the ball. And trust me, I &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;believe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; this. The following image makes it clear that Jorgensen was attempting to play the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PWvly.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PWvly.png&quot; alt=&quot;Jorgensen does attempt to play the ball&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet the point I'm trying to make is different. &lt;strong&gt;Is the fact Jorgensen was trying to get the ball enough to downgrade the red card to a simple yellow card in this case?&lt;/strong&gt; People who agree with the referee's decision end up quoting this part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018/19 Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (Law 12, p. 108):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick, the offender is cautioned &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;if the offence was an attempt to play the ball;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in all other circumstances (e.g. holding, pulling, pushing, no possibility to play the ball etc.) the offending player must be sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But read it carefully: this paragraph is only referring to situations where &lt;strong&gt;an obvious goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/strong&gt; is denied. To see why this is important, let's have a look at what the rulebook says just one page earlier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/em&gt; (...) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;denying a goal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent whose overall movement is towards the offender’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the rule is actually about &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; distinct situations: &lt;strong&gt;denying a goal&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;OR&lt;/em&gt; an obvious goal-scoring opportunity. It is also clear that 'denying a goal' doesn't only occur when a player deliberately handles the ball on the goal line, because&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this paragraph is specifically about offences committed against an opposing player, and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the situation where the ball is deliberately handled is already discussed in the previous bullet point, and again the Law makes a difference between denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (&lt;em&gt;&quot;denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as the first image clearly shows (and as everyone who has watched the match knows), the goal was empty (the goalkeeper, Schmeichel, was almost &lt;em&gt;outside&lt;/em&gt; the penalty area): a tap-in would have been enough for Rebić to score a goal. And seeing how the Laws of the Game &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; make a distinction between &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fouling an opponent and denying a goal, or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fouling an opponent and denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...well, then it looks to me that this is the clearest example of what 'denying a goal by fouling an opponent' should be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;why did the referee apply that special provision of Law 12 that allowed him to only give a yellow card to Jorgensen, when this exception is only valid in situations when an obvious goal-scoring opportunity is denied?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all, that paragraph was added to Law 12 because a penalty kick effectively restores the goal-scoring opportunity that was lost, so sending off the offending player would have been too much (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-faq-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 FAQ #9&lt;/a&gt;): indeed, the chance of scoring on a penalty kick is roughly 80%, which is more or less the same chance of scoring that an attacking player has when facing only the goalkeeper during open play. But in this situation, the chance of scoring was easily 99%: the penalty kick does &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; fully make up for the previous situation, and this is why I think the Laws of the Game make a distinction between the two cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, was cautioning Jorgensen a mistake under the current Laws of the Game? Or are there any other official rules/interpretations that justify a yellow card and that I'm unaware of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-08-07T01:18:19.200" LastActivityDate="2020-10-19T18:49:48.857" Title="Should Jorgensen have been sent off for his DOGSO foul in Croatia-Denmark (2018 FIFA World Cup)?" Tags="|rules|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20023" CreationDate="2018-08-04T21:53:59.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't &quot;deny a goal&quot; in this situation because the ball is not even close to entering it; Rebic is still regathering the ball after beating the goalkeeper and hasn't yet beaten the challenge from Jorgensen, and a shot hasn't been taken yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more than enough incidents where a player has been able to walk the ball into the six-yard box and could have walked it into the goal &lt;strong&gt;and still missed&lt;/strong&gt;. To call this particular situation &quot;denying a goal&quot; would be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you accept that even a situation where the attacker is extremely likely to score is still only the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, the remainder of the analysis is moot and the answer is clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jorgensen did attempt to play the ball. He fouled Rebic and therefore a DOGSO occurred. According to the laws, this is a penalty kick and a caution (yellow card). The correct decision was made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-05T00:01:59.567" LastActivityDate="2018-08-05T00:01:59.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24392" CreationDate="2018-08-05T05:19:36.833" Score="3" ViewCount="1021" Body="&lt;p&gt;Henry Cejudo became the first Olympic champion to win a UFC belt in the UFC history. Cejudo beat the defending champion, Demetrious Johnson in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_227&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UFC 227&lt;/a&gt; in Los Angeles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which UFC champions have been medal winners in the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T17:05:54.623" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T17:05:54.623" Title="UFC champions with Olympics medals" Tags="|trivia|olympics|ufc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20026" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20027" CreationDate="2018-08-05T11:26:08.853" Score="2" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to find out exactly what date 1860 Munich are playing Hansa Rostock. Some websites say from the 1-4 March but without an exact day. Some websites only have a limited number of fixtures till September and some websites incorrectly show all games to be on Saturday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also what is the official website for Bundesliga 3 as when I search for it I get &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bundesliga.com&lt;/a&gt; but with no option for the third league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11291" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-05T12:27:21.813" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T07:45:08.533" Title="When and where will all fixtures for the Bundesliga 3 be available for 2018/2019 season" Tags="|football|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20026" CreationDate="2018-08-05T12:29:30.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The third tier of football in Germany is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_football_league_system#Germany&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3. Liga&lt;/a&gt; (not Bundesliga 3), that's why you probably couldn't find their portal which is located on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/3-liga/spieltagtabelle/?spieledb_path=%2Fcompetitions%2F4%2Fseasons%2Fcurrent%2Fmatchday%2F26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DFB's website&lt;/a&gt;, which shows that the &lt;strong&gt;matchday 26&lt;/strong&gt; game TSV 1860 München - Hansa Rostock will be played on 1st and 4th of March, 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsv1860.de/de/Spiele_Loewen.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1860 München's website&lt;/a&gt; tells that this game will be played on 2nd of March, 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fc-hansa.de/spielplan-tabelle.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hansa Rostock's website&lt;/a&gt; shows this date between 1st and 4th of March.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would take all of these dates with a grain of salt because even &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/matchday/2018-2019/?d=7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt; has scheduled the exact days only till its 6th matchday. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, the official website of 3. Liga is the one on DFB's, so you should check it first. My observation is that as currently 2nd matchday is going on in 3. Liga and they have published exact dates and &lt;strong&gt;times&lt;/strong&gt; till 10th matchday, then it's logical to assume that the exact dates and times of &lt;strong&gt;matchday 26&lt;/strong&gt; won't be published eralier than 18th matchday. So, I guess it will be published somewhere around 7th and 10th of December.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-05T20:09:24.383" LastActivityDate="2018-08-05T20:09:24.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20028" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-06T00:45:20.170" Score="-3" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen F/10 MON and F/11 MON and Final MON written after game results in the banner across the bottom of the TV, in WMBA, MLB and MLS, What does MON mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google is giving me nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&#xA;Typical result reads: &quot;REDS 4, METS 6, F/11 MON.&quot; I have found F/11 means 11 rounds, and &quot;FINAL MON&quot; means the usual 9 rounds. However I've seen FINAL MON behind soccer results, so who knows what MON means. I'll try to take a screen shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE2:&#xA;There is no MLB on Mondays - Ever.&#xA;However, the results for MLB weekdays show &quot;FINAL&quot;, and (I've just found out) &quot;FINAL MON&quot; Is only shown on Sunday games.&#xA;Perhaps it means final game up until monday (but not on monday) - How WEIRD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll try to take a screenshot on Sunday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE 3:&#xA;I was misled, our network wont show MLB on Mondays, certainly there is baseball on Mondays, my apologies. I have now seen &quot;FINAL MON&quot; on Wednesdays and Sundays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15901" LastEditorUserId="15901" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T06:15:08.570" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T20:40:15.413" Title="What does &quot;Final MON&quot; mean in MLB Sunday games results?" Tags="|terminology|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20026" CreationDate="2018-08-06T07:45:08.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that league is my specialty. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The DFB (and DFL for the Bundesliga (1 &amp;amp; 2)) don't publish the exact match dates for the whole season right away. They only publish the week of each game day and call it &lt;em&gt;Rahmenspielplan&lt;/em&gt; with the exact schedules set to be announced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to have official sources when it comes down to this league &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/3-liga/start/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dfb.de&lt;/a&gt; is what you need. Or you'll want to visit portals like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.liga3-online.de/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;liga3-online.de&lt;/a&gt; if you want independent news. As this league isn't one of the top domestic leagues English info will be hard to come by, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, usually the DFB will announce the exact match schedules for 3 or more match days a couple of weeks up to one or two months in advance (right now the first 10 match days are set, including the first game of Hansa vs 1860 in Rostock). They wait until the DFL guys announce theirs (or talk to the DFB guys about it in secret), because they try to avoid fans from rivaling clubs from different leagues to come across each others on the Autobahn or train stations. The DFL usually waits for the European competitions to adjust their dates accordingly (so a team playing in the Europa League on Thursday won't be playing on Friday).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T07:45:08.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20023" CreationDate="2018-08-07T01:17:45.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is simply an editorial oversight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full text of the sending-off offence you are referring up until the current (2018/19) edition of the Laws was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving &#xA;  towards the opponents’ goal by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless &#xA;  as outlined below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was changed to (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;denying &lt;strong&gt;a goal or&lt;/strong&gt; an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent &lt;strong&gt;whose overall movement is towards the offender’s goal&lt;/strong&gt; by an offence punishable by a free kick (unless as outlined below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first part of the explanatory text further on has not changed since it was introduced in the 2016/17 edition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player either denies a goal or obvious goalscoring opportunity by committing an offence punishable by a free kick as part of an attempt to play the ball, and this results in a penalty kick being awarded, the player is cautioned for unsporting behaviour instead of being sent-off. In all other cases e.g. pushing, pulling, holding, no possibility of playing the ball, deliberately handling the ball, other misconduct (i.e. entering the field of play without permission), the player is sent-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T01:17:45.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5356" CreationDate="2018-08-07T07:42:14.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This hat has no meaning, story or anything like that in Germany. It's just as you said... a random fashion stunt. There are quite a lot of hats and caps in these colors. People just like them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the World Cup or other major events the designers try to sell merchandising and the look of the country's colors can be printed on anything and everyone sells shirts and flags, etc. So you need fresh ideas to sell your stuff and these hats are nothing more than that - a clever merchandising idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only hat people wear during the World Cup with a real German origin is this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bDRUj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bDRUj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a hat from Bavaria (&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seppel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Seppelhut&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oENoA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oENoA.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T07:42:14.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20028" CreationDate="2018-08-07T14:58:44.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you have a reference or a screenshot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F/10 or F/11 is only commonly used for baseball (MLB) scores.  In that case it indicates the game is over (game is &quot;F&quot;inal), and that rather than the regulation 9 innings, additional innings were played (10 or 11).  I can't think of any reason you would see this terminology with WNBA or MLS scores.  Overtime for those games are indicated differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For MLS (or NHL or CFL), &quot;MON&quot; is most likely the abbreviation for Montreal, which has a team in those leagues.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For WNBA or MLB, the only thing I can see with that is someone reporting that the score is from a game played on Monday.  But the provider might be trying to say something else that I'm missing.  An image could clear it up.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T14:58:44.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20028" CreationDate="2018-08-08T15:08:24.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to tell without a screenshot in question, but likely refers to Monday. As in F/10 MON, would mean the baseball game final score in ten innings is for Monday's game. This might appear Tuesday afternoon, when it's possible for a game to have started, but they are still showing yesterday's results. You might also see this in the playoffs, when they want to show how the series is going so far and are noting that the previous game was on Monday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T15:08:24.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2018-08-09T11:23:14.733" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot play golf with just one club.  You need a fairway club and a putter. For a new player I would go with like an 8 iron and a putter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many golf shops have a used bin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find whole golf sets in resale shops cheap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Driving ranges often have loaner clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T11:23:14.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20046" CreationDate="2018-08-09T17:37:06.120" Score="5" ViewCount="2138" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suppose that Team 1 has players Adam and Bob. Adam takes a double minor penalty, and during the powerplay, Bob takes a 2 minute minor. Then, on the 5-on-3 powerplay, Team 2 scores a goal. Assuming that Adam still has more than 2 minutes left on his penalty, does Bob come out of the box, moving to a 5-on-4 powerplay for the duration of Adam's penalty, or does Adam's penalty time get reduced to 2 minutes, and the 5-on-3 continues?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suppose that Team 1 has players Adam, Bob, and Chuck. Adams takes a 2 minute minor, then Bob takes a 2 minute minor during that penalty, and then during the 5-on-3, Chuck takes another 2 minute minor. Now, I believe that it's the case that Team 1 plays 5-on-3, but Chuck's penalty time doesn't start until Adam's is finished. Also, assuming that there's no stoppage in play, when Adam's time is finished, he doesn't immediately exit the box. However, if Bob's penalty time also finishes before a stoppage in play, then Adam comes out of the box to bring Team 1 to 5-on-4? Furthermore, if there is still no stoppage in play, and Chuck's penalty time finishes, then Bob comes out of the box putting both teams at even strength, and then Chuck comes out at the next stoppage in play? Also, how might things change if Adam or Bob had a major penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suppose that we have Adam and Bob on Team 1 and Zack on Team 2. Adam and Zack take offsetting 2 minute minors, and while play is 4-on-4, Bob takes a penalty, but Team 2 scores before Team 1 can touch the puck. Does Adam come out of the box and Bob goes in, with 4-on-4 continuing until Zack comes out of the box, or does Adam stay in the box, and Bob doesn't go to the box?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastEditorUserId="12082" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T04:54:02.430" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T17:38:18.797" Title="Who comes out of the penalty box after goal?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19991" CreationDate="2018-08-09T18:49:23.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any cracks on a bat, no matter where, are not acceptable. The bat will wear out fast, and it won't produce the needed stroke.&#xA;Also, it will start producing a sort of recoil on the grip when hitting the ball, especially at a pace.&#xA;You can try if repairing works here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15914" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T18:49:23.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20043" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T08:03:45.053" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which FIFA World Cup qualifiers have never faced each other in the final round of any FIFA World Cup tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15916" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T15:38:45.657" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T15:38:45.657" Title="Which FIFA World Cup qualifiers have never faced each other in the final round of any FIFA World Cup tournament?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-08-12T08:24:07.643" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20028" CreationDate="2018-08-10T11:59:01.727" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are MLB games on Monday: &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/schedule/2018/08/13/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/schedule/2018/08/13/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always thought F/MON or the equivalent meant the game started on Sunday, but ended after midnight, meaning the game ended on Monday. That would explain why &quot;FINAL MON&quot; is only shown on Sunday games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user15918" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T11:59:01.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20040" CreationDate="2018-08-10T12:21:00.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In situation 3, the goal washes out Bob's penalty, teams remain 4 on 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe in situation 1, the way the NHL rule is written, Adam's time above 2 minutes should expire and the 5 on 3 continue, but I'm not sure this is what they would actually follow. Rule 16.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In situation 2, the NHL rule is that none of the players in box can be released until a stoppage in play occurs (unless the team is entitled to 5 players on the ice), even if their penalties are up. Again, I'm not sure they would follow this to the letter. See Rule 26.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T12:21:00.823" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20047" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T15:20:02.790" Score="2" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed when watching the 2018 PGA Championship that the short par 3 3rd hole had 20 birdies and 25 pars so far during the day's play.  And that got me to wondering... has a field ever gone perfect for a round in a tournament?  And/or what's the longest streak of par or better for the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T15:20:02.790" Title="Has a golf hole ever gone an entire round in a full-field event without any score worse than par?" Tags="|statistics|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T19:17:10.970" Score="1" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: My opponent serves the ball short, but I'm in a good position to return it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a fault serve automatically end the rally? Or can I choose to return the serve and continue the rally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15923" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-03-25T20:46:57.890" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T22:23:33.283" Title="Can you choose to play a fault serve in racquetball?" Tags="|rules|serve|racquetball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24691" CreationDate="2018-08-10T22:56:10.307" Score="4" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose John starts a break and gets red-black combinations to a reasonable score, then misses red. Paul takes his shot next but misses straight away, scoring nothing. John takes his next break and continues until his total score is 147.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15884" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T03:07:32.913" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T17:51:16.090" Title="Has a player ever obtained a 147 via two breaks?" Tags="|trivia|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20052" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T23:00:07.783" Score="3" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to get my head round this. I'm practicing positioning shots. If I want to hit the cue ball on the side, top, bottom etc do I need to aim slightly off for example hitting an angle to accommodate my strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15884" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T07:28:40.803" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T16:17:08.177" Title="When attempting a side or top curve spin in snooker do you need to adjust the aim of the shot?" Tags="|technique|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20052" CreationDate="2018-08-11T02:57:40.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general principle is that striking perfectly through the centre will send the ball straight. Any spin that it develops will be exactly that of the natural rolling of the ball across the felt when it eventually gains grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is struck off centre, the ball will have spin that is in the direction from the centre through the actual point of contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the strike is directly below the centre, the ball has backspin, and if directly above, will have topspin. A strike directly to the left or right will create spin in that direction. A combination of above/below and left/right will have spin that is also a combination, though neither direction will be as rapid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of where you want to place spin, the cue should remain parallel with the direction you want the ball to cue. A hard stroke will send the ball skimming with the spin provided, while a softer strike can potentially send the ball off to the opposite side rather than straight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way to practise and learn how a given stroke will spin the cue ball is to practise sending it at right angles into the cushion, and observing the path it takes out, for different amounts of power and follow-through and offset from the centre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T02:57:40.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18387" CreationDate="2018-08-11T19:32:07.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This information can be obtained from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_break&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;maximum break&lt;/a&gt; page on Wikipedia. The section &lt;em&gt;&quot;match-winning maximum breaks&quot;&lt;/em&gt; lists 18 breaks in total and 5 of them are in deciding frames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the 147s made in deciding frames:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/eBKH4JvJQFE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stephen Hendry - 1997 Charity Challenge, Final&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ronnie O'Sullivan - 2007 UK Championship, Semi-final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Mark Davis - 2017 Championship League, Group final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Mark Davis - 2017 Championship League, Winners' Group&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Martin Gould - 2018 Championship League, Group 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Championship League, almost 200 matches are played and each match is won by the best of 5 frames. Therefore it is very probable to see a 147 in a deciding frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We should also note that Ronnie O'Sullivan is the only player who has such a break in a ranking tournament. On top of that it's a UK semi-final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorUserId="696" LastEditDate="2018-12-19T21:32:17.033" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T21:32:17.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20057" CreationDate="2018-08-10T19:20:25.257" Score="6" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Britain (and throughout Europe and the football-playing world), it is the normal convention to state the name of the home team first and the away team second. So when the results are read out on the radio the announcer will say, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Queens Park Rangers 2 Sheffield Wednesday 3&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The match was played at the ground of QPR)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I have been informed that such a convention is foreign to Americans. In the USA, the score of the winning side is always read out first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the case or not?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" OwnerDisplayName="WS2" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T22:50:36.620" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T22:50:36.620" Title="Is the convention for reporting football results universal?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20056" CreationDate="2018-08-10T21:23:35.817" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, the convention in the US is to report the winning team first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/08/sports/yankees-adam-engel-white-sox.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fbaseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wednesday's article&lt;/a&gt; in the New York Times on Tuesdays's Yankee-White Sox. matchup played at &lt;strong&gt;Guaranteed Rate Field&lt;/strong&gt; (the home field of the White Sox).&#xA;The header reads &quot;&lt;strong&gt;YANKEES 7, WHITE SOX 3&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; although the score isn't mentioned directly in the text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/08/sports/baseball/sal-romano-reds-mets.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fbaseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wednesday's article&lt;/a&gt; on the Reds-Mets game (at the Mets' home field), lists the Reds first: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;REDS 3, METS 1&lt;/strong&gt;, and the copy matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sal Romano got the win in his New York homecoming, pitching into the seventh inning to lift the Cincinnati Reds &lt;em&gt;over the Mets, 6-1,&lt;/em&gt; on Tuesday night in a game delayed by rain for 1 hour 40 minutes in the first inning. [emphasis added].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I added two examples from New York home teams to show it isn't a convention to list the local team first either. I would also note that in baseball, the away team always goes first and the home team second, so it would be very normal to always list &lt;em&gt;[away]-[home]&lt;/em&gt;, although that isn't the case (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/sports/aroldis-chapman-yankees-rangers.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fbaseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;today's article&lt;/a&gt; on the Yankee's home win, where the Yankees are listed first).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a soccer example, I dug up this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/20/sports/soccer/a-late-goal-beats-new-york-city-fc.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fsoccer&amp;amp;action=click&amp;amp;contentCollection=soccer&amp;amp;region=stream&amp;amp;module=stream_unit&amp;amp;version=search&amp;amp;contentPlacement=5&amp;amp;pgtype=sectionfront&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 article&lt;/a&gt; on the New York City F.C. vs. Portland Timbers game, which was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_New_York_City_FC_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;played on NYCFC's home turf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this article, the Timbers (away) are listed first in the header: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;TIMBERS 1, NEW YORK CITY F.C. 0&lt;/strong&gt; and in the copy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dairon Asprilla scored a late second-half goal Sunday night, and the Portland Timbers beat New York City F.C., 1-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally, growing up in America, I was always taught to list the winning score first, regardless of sport. In fact, I wasn't even aware anyone did it differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15926" OwnerDisplayName="Azor Ahai" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-08-11T20:55:01.443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T20:55:01.443" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20150" CreationDate="2018-08-12T11:11:45.097" Score="6" ViewCount="717" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like golf, I feel snooker has a reserved body language and sportmanship to it. Excluding dynamic personalities like Ronnie O'Sullivan I feel the game has this sense of respect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When players get 147 max breaks or perform great shots, there is a lack of smiles or walking off immediately or not shaking hands of fans. Is this the match mindset or just generally the way of being humble and presenting the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15884" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-12T11:16:35.963" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T09:19:27.673" Title="Why do players walk off in snooker without any outward display of emotions or celebration?" Tags="|snooker|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20068" CreationDate="2018-08-12T23:11:56.313" Score="-6" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnNr6D3f98c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video from 1987&lt;/a&gt;, so I wonder if chalking the stick is a recent discovery that they didn't know about back then? Jimmy  is drinking beer and frustrated but John is shooting very good shots and I didn't see him chalk once (I don't know anything about snooker but his shots seem good to me)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3370" LastEditorUserId="3370" LastEditDate="2018-08-13T08:48:15.940" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T11:23:20.063" Title="Is chalking a snooker/pool stick a recent habit?" Tags="|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18853" CreationDate="2018-08-13T03:06:24.400" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a &quot;push&quot;: if you push off of someone you are pushing someone which is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the types of fouls in basketball (ALL OF THEM):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blocking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hand Check&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Push (Charging)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal use of hand (not really called because the foul usually hits another category)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player control.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are all the foul categories a player can commit.   If you commit a foul you have to do one or more of these.   If you didn't do one of these it isn't a foul.  So in this case you are pushing off on a player.   So it is a push.  It clearly isn't a hold, a block, a hand check, illegal use of hands, and since the player was deemed to do it on purpose it couldn't be a player control foul.   So in essence if what the OP said is true it is a &quot;push&quot; foul but probably also an intentional or technical foul type.   See chart below to reference foul types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8TXAP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8TXAP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T22:52:01.740" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T22:52:01.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20067" CreationDate="2018-08-13T08:08:12.293" Score="2" ViewCount="504" Body="&lt;p&gt;By legal 7th delivery, I mean the umpire not realising that 6 balls have been bowled and so the bowler throws the 7th delivery. I know that in such a case the extra ball is considered to legal.&#xA;But if this 7th delivery is a no ball and then the umpire realises that there has been a mistake in counting, does ICC allow a free hit to be given?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15935" LastEditorUserId="15935" LastEditDate="2018-08-13T10:51:53.790" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T13:03:13.263" Title="If the legal 7th delivery is a no ball then will there be a free hit?" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2018-08-13T08:35:54.153" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like many sports, new discoveries/tactics are being found as the sport has evolved. It is very likely that nobody has thought about the fact that chalking might grant an advantage to the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T08:35:54.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2018-08-13T11:13:58.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Laws of cricket would apply, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17.5&lt;/a&gt; if an umpire miscounts, they will call over even if the ball was not a legal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-17-the-over/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17 - The over&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.5 Umpire miscounting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.5.1 If the umpire miscounts the number of valid balls, the over as counted by the umpire shall stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;17.5.2 If, having miscounted, the umpire allows an over to continue after 6 valid balls have been bowled, he/she may subsequently call Over when the ball becomes dead after any delivery, even if that delivery is not a valid ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T13:03:13.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2018-08-13T11:23:20.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe not, I have watched snooker since the early 1980's and believe it's a very old part of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is supported by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#chalk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia on snooker&lt;/a&gt; given that the inventor lived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T11:23:20.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20073" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20097" CreationDate="2018-08-14T12:13:45.977" Score="5" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a tweet about the recent European Athletics Championship in Berlin, 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;U20 World Record&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Swedish National Record&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  American Record&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  #2 World Outdoor Mark All-Time&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  #4 World Indoor/Outdoor Mark All-Time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/FloTrack/status/1028783187277692929&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FloTrack, 13 Aug 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It links to the news &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flotrack.org/events/6186907-2018-european-athletics-championships/videos?playing=6238882&amp;amp;limit=60&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mondo Duplantis Vaults 6.05m To Win European Championship&lt;/a&gt; and talks about the case of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Duplantis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Armand &quot;Mondo&quot; Duplantis&lt;/a&gt;, who is both Swedish and American. Apparently, his 6.05 in pole vault is a record in both the USA and Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of comments asking whether this is true or not, so is there any official source that confirm or deny this? Would this be the case for any other athlete with multiple nationalities?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11982" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T20:05:14.733" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T20:05:14.733" Title="Can an athlete with double nationality beat two country records at the same time?" Tags="|records|track-and-field|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20025" CreationDate="2018-08-14T19:56:17.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronda_Rousey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronda Rousey&lt;/a&gt; was a UFC Champion and has a bronze medal in judo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="10789" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T13:57:02.920" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T13:57:02.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20104" CreationDate="2018-08-14T22:42:59.113" Score="1" ViewCount="859" Body="&lt;p&gt;Commonly, before a broadcast football game you will see the positions of each team's players on the field. Now since this can't be enforced as a rule, wouldn't it be strategically benificial that coaches lie about who's playing where ?&#xA;Although the names of the players composing the squad are verifiable, their actual positions aren't. Does this ever happen ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://goo.gl/images/5QmPQS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Typical pre-match TV display&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13128" LastEditorUserId="13128" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T19:57:44.153" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T12:38:43.653" Title="Why do coaches reveal the actual formation of their squad in association football?" Tags="|football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20075" CreationDate="2018-08-15T06:43:10.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the coaches usually don't talk to the press about their formation at all. So there's no need to lie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least in the DFL and DFB rules there is a clear procedure, because it's done online (for almost any official competition in Germany, including the Bundesliga):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A reports their team (starting 11 + subs, goalkeeper, captain)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B reports theirs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; teams have confirmed their team it will be locked automatically and made available to the officials and the opposing team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the pro leagues the home team now has to take care that the press gets a (printed) copy (usually done by a media representative). They usually look like this:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OmPMNl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OmPMNl.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Example match report taken from the handbook&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So since there is no official report about the exact formation we can safely assume that the formation on the screen is a good guess based on past games and the position players usually play. Sometimes the coach talks about the formation (something like &quot;We'll play 4-3-3.&quot; without mentioning names) in the press conference before a game, but usually they don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T06:43:10.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20080" CreationDate="2018-08-15T13:25:05.123" Score="-2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know the transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid to Juventus and how much is his weekly Pay after tax&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15904" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T13:45:41.927" Title="How much is Cristiano Ronaldo Salary at Juventus" Tags="|football|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-08-21T18:16:45.770" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20078" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-08-15T13:31:12.777" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T13:31:12.777" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T13:31:12.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20079" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-08-15T13:31:12.777" Score="0" Body="For questions about the sport of weightlifting." OwnerUserId="9502" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2018-09-11T09:52:11.637" LastActivityDate="2018-09-11T09:52:11.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20077" CreationDate="2018-08-15T13:45:41.927" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several sources (for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/cristiano-ronaldo-just-signed-a-deal-with-juventus-worth-over-100-mil.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/cristiano-ronaldos-juventus-wages-broken-12890306&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) reported the deal to be worth 120 Million Euros over four years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That's 30 Million Euros per year or 576,923 Euros per week.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The tax rate for this kind of income in Italy is 43% (&lt;a href=&quot;https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/income-taxes-abroad/italy/index_en.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;576 grand * 57% = &lt;strong&gt;328,846.11 Euros&lt;/strong&gt; per week (100% - 43% taxes = 57% to keep)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T13:45:41.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20081" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20084" CreationDate="2018-08-15T20:58:06.210" Score="1" ViewCount="938" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been reading about the materials of basketball but since there's different types of outdoor courts I decided to ask because I want to use it on a court like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://basketballgoalstore.com/wp-content/images/court-blog-asphalt.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Example court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as you can see it's not that flat compared to most US outdoor courts and my biggest fear is that if I don't choose the correct material for the ball, the ball's durability will be greatly affected and I'll be wasting my money. So I'm between composite leather and rubber (leather is out of the question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also plan on playing almost everyday around in mornings just before noon, so I don't know if the sun will also affect the ball in a way since I live in a pretty sunny area (Mexico).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15947" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-09-30T12:13:45.147" LastActivityDate="2020-06-04T15:54:22.130" Title="What is the best basketball ball material to use in concrete/cement court?" Tags="|basketball|equipment|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20087" CreationDate="2018-08-15T22:24:02.253" Score="3" ViewCount="1221" Body="&lt;p&gt;At what age can a coach or a manager can manage a team and what is the minimum age required to be a coach in any of the following leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;La Liga&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Serie A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;German Budesliga&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15904" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-08-16T07:09:55.660" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T07:09:55.660" Title="What is the minimum age of a coach in a football leagues like premiership, La Liga and Seria A" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20081" CreationDate="2018-08-15T22:34:00.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is largely opinion, but rubber if you want it to last, composite if you want a better feel. Both will wear out over time playing on concrete, and the grip will start to go after several months. There's not a whole lot to do about that, but rubber will keep its air better. Plus I'd personally rather play with a worn rubber ball than a worn composite - it at least retains the grip a bit better. Go to the store and try a few.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T22:34:00.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20086" CreationDate="2018-08-16T05:11:24.520" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner on first, a grounder is hit to first and the runner doesn't advance because he thinks the ball is going foul.  The ball is played by the first baseman and ruled fair.  The first baseman touches first base and then tags the runner, who is still standing on first base. Is this a double play or is the runner on first safe because he is no longer forced to advance to second by way of the batter-runner being out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15948" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-16T05:24:47.117" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T06:23:50.640" Title="Odd scenario at first base through poor baserunning" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20085" CreationDate="2018-08-16T06:23:50.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner on first is safe. As soon as the fielder stepped on first base, the force was removed, so the runner was perfectly entitled to stay at first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you say this was &quot;poor baserunning&quot;, the much more obvious mistake he was from the fielder; if they had simply tagged the runner before stepping on the base, it would have been a double play. The rule of thumb when getting double plays is simple: &lt;em&gt;always get the lead runner first&lt;/em&gt;, as that's what keeps the force in effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T06:23:50.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20083" CreationDate="2018-08-16T06:52:34.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Germany (1. + 2. Bundesliga and 3. Liga) you are required to have a &quot;Fussball-Lehrer&quot; License, which also counts as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Pro_Licence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Pro License&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. This license is required in order to coach a team in the top flight domestic leagues as well as in the European competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no direct age restriction for the Pro License, but there is one in the lower tiers of the licenses and you are required to have several years of experience in order to get there. In Germany the way up is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(C -&gt;) B -&gt; Elite Youth -&gt; A -&gt; Fussball-Lehrer (UEFA Pro)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(You can start with B directly, if you're qualified for it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You need to be at least &lt;strong&gt;16 years old&lt;/strong&gt; in order to qualify for the C and B licenses (amateurs and youth). (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/sportl-strukturen/trainerausbildung/trainer-b-lizenz/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source in German&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You need to have worked for at least &lt;strong&gt;one year&lt;/strong&gt; having a B license in order to qualify for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/sportl-strukturen/trainerausbildung/dfb-elite-jugend-lizenz/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elite Youth&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You need to have worked for at least &lt;strong&gt;one year&lt;/strong&gt; with that Elite Youth license in order to qualify for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/sportl-strukturen/trainerausbildung/trainer-a-lizenz/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A license&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dfb.de/sportl-strukturen/trainerausbildung/fussball-lehrer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro License&lt;/a&gt; again &lt;strong&gt;one year&lt;/strong&gt; of experience with the A license, but more restrictive (e.g. coach at least in the 6th league or youth Bundesliga or assistant coach in a pro league). If you did that already with a B license, you may get the time credited to it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at minimum you're &lt;strong&gt;18 years&lt;/strong&gt; old when starting with the course (when your B license experience gets credited to your A license, otherwise you'll be 19 years old). In Germany it'll last about 10 months, so you'll probably have to add another year to it before you can start working.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T06:52:34.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-17T07:19:00.410" Score="2" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently, the Davis Cup consists in a series of heats throughout the year (on February, March, May and November, if I recall properly), each one where the winner needs to get three matches to make it to the next round. The location of the matches is the country of one of the countries in the heat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on August 16, 2018, the International Tennis Federation approved a modification of the format of the Davis Cup. Instead of what I described above, there seem to be a kind of Final Four, consisting on a week of matches in a Round-robin system, to get into a final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thestar.com/sports/tennis/2018/08/16/international-tennis-federation-approves-new-format-for-davis-cup.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A new era for international tennis as Davis Cup gets extreme makeover&lt;/a&gt; I see some descriptions about the system:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;24 nations will compete in a home-or-away qualifying round in February, with the 12 winners advancing to the final tournament. They will be joined by the four semifinalists from the previous year, along with two wild-card teams, who need to be in either the top 50 of the Davis Cup rankings or have a top-10 singles player to be eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The finalists will be placed into six, three-team groups for round-robin play, involving two singles matches and one doubles, all best-of-three-sets — instead of the current best-of-five format featuring four singles matches and one doubles. The winners, along with the next two teams with the best records, will advance to the single-elimination quarterfinals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, I have some questions about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How will those 24 countries selected?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What will the format be exactly?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will the results count towards the ATP ranking? (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15879/11439&quot;&gt;Since they 2016 do not&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How will the hosting country be elected?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there plans to extend this into the Fed Cup for women?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T13:27:23.447" Title="What will be the Davis Cup format from 2019?" Tags="|tennis|davis-cup|championship|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13425" CreationDate="2018-08-17T14:00:01.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Martin indicated in comments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Approval status&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meldonium, which is not approved by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FDA&lt;/a&gt; in the United States, is registered and prescribed in Latvia, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Lithuania and Kyrgyzstan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This paragraph cites two resources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/dta.1788&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mildronate (Meldonium) in professional sports – monitoring doping control urine samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2016/03/09/study-finds-widespread-use-of-sharapovas-drug-despite-little-evidence-that-it-boosts-performance/#509dd5f47b68&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Banned Drug Sharapova Took Is Widely Used, Study Shows, Despite Little Evidence That It Boosts Performance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T14:00:01.407" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-08-17T14:00:01.407" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20073" CreationDate="2018-08-18T15:56:06.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is possible if the rules of the respective national athletics federations allow it. National records are governed by national athletics federations and, while everywhere the big line is that you need to be a citizen of the country to break a national record, there is no uniform way to define the national record of a country. The devil is in the details, as usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider the case of Duplantis, assuming that ratification happens smoothly (sending proof of doping control to the national federation and such)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Swedish record&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not much doubt. He is a Swedish citizen, competing for Sweden at the European championships. The Swedish federation has a list of improved national records on their website. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friidrott.se/rs/rekord/swerek/swerek18.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;His performances in Berlin are listed&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;American record&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this is the more contentious one as he was competing for Sweden instead of the USA. The rules of USATF are very clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RULE 261 NATIONAL RECORDS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There shall be six (6) categories of national records as follows:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) An  American  Record,  which  shall  be  the  best  performance made  by  an  American  citizen  or  relay  team  composed  entirely of  U.S. citizens in  an athletics  event  held  within the United States or abroad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is Duplantis a US citizen? Yes. This means he can break American records. While his record is as of today not listed on the website of USATF (because they only update the list at the end of the year) his performances of 2017 are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.usatf.org/statistics/records/view.asp?division=american&amp;amp;location=outdoor%20track%20%26%20field&amp;amp;age=junior&amp;amp;sport=TF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;listed as American Junior Record&lt;/a&gt;, for which the rules are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An  American  Junior  Record,  which  shall  be  the  best  performance  made  by  an American citizen or relay team composed entirely of U.S. citizens who are Juniors. (See Classifications in Rule 141.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very hard to argue that he would be eligible for American Junior records, but not for American records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the US rules are very broad, many other federations have further rules. Often you need to be member of a club affiliated to the federation or eligible to compete for the country or something to that end. USATF can in the future restrict their rules, making Duplantis ineligible for American records, if they would feel inclined to do so. But under today's rules it is an American record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11982" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-08-18T15:56:06.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-19T22:08:24.570" Score="4" ViewCount="17447" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the actual difference? Isn't the UD (Unanimous Decision) a &amp;quot;united&amp;quot; decision, where all the referees agree who is the winner? What's then the meaning of PTS?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15961" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-03-01T11:52:15.930" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T11:52:15.930" Title="Difference in boxing between PTS and UD?" Tags="|scoring|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20105" CreationDate="2018-08-20T00:42:07.653" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Tampa Bay Rays traded Chris Archer for pitcher &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/player/_/id/33190/tyler-glasnow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tyler Glasnow&lt;/a&gt; (and two other prospects).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Rays have then &quot;started&quot; Glasnow in four games, for 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.2 innings, respectively. He is regarded as a powerful hurler with a good strikeout rate, but more of a long reliever than a true starter. Yet the Rays have used him in a &quot;hybrid&quot; role, with the hope of eventually developing a starter. In two of these games, other starters, Jake Faria, and Ryan Yarborough &quot;relieved&quot; Glasnow, and picked upt the wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Pirates actually had three potential starters of this type: Glasnow, Chad Kuhl (now injured), and Steve Brault? Why not have a &quot;fifth starter by committee&quot; e.g. have Glasnow, Kuhl and Brault start on the 5th, 10th, and 15th day of a cycle, with the other two as backups during those games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Pirates are actually fairly good at turning long relievers into starters. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/player/_/id/34848/joe-musgrove&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jos Musgrove,&lt;/a&gt; acquired in exchange from the Astros for Gerrit Cole is a case in point, and in an earlier era, James McDonald. But for whatever reason, they did not do so with Glasnow using a &quot;piecemeal&quot; approach, and the Tampa Bay Rays did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What might Tampa Bay do this, not others, including the Pittsburgh Pirates?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T20:17:58.230" Title="Why do few teams use &quot;hybrid&quot; starters other than the Tampa Bay Rays?" Tags="|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2833" CreationDate="2018-08-22T09:57:32.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As far as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;red ball cricket&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (First Class, Tests - rarely List-A or T20) goes, &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Duke&lt;/strong&gt; (called &quot;the cherry&quot; informally due to smaller size and dark red color) and &lt;strong&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/strong&gt; are the three widely used brands for international cricket manufactured by Sanspareils Greenlands (India), British Cricket Balls Ltd (UK) and Kookaburra Sport (Australia) respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;white ball cricket&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (limited overs) use the &lt;strong&gt;Kookuburra&lt;/strong&gt; irrespective of the country/location.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When it comes to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pink ball cricket&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (day-night tests or first-class matches), though &lt;strong&gt;Dukes&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;/strong&gt; debuted in England and India respectively recently, &lt;strong&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/strong&gt; is more widely used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As test playing nations, the usage (in their home matches) is as follows:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;SG is used only by India.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dukes is used by both England and West Indies.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kookaburra is used by Australia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SG&lt;/strong&gt; is hand-made and has a prominent seam and can stay intact until up to 80 overs. It assists conventional swing for around 10 overs. After losing the shine, it can almost immediately assist reverse swing. Its softer leather means better grip on surface for spinners. A prominent seam means better grip on hand too for spinners. Since the leather is soft, it has not been a great exponent of pace bowling, but great for reverse swing and spin bowling and mildly good for conventional swing. &quot;Very good lateral movement, good pace and softer material&quot; describes it well. But more recently (in 2019), improvements have made it a bit harder, retain shine a bit longer and hence assist conventional swing for 15-20 overs, bringing that aspect closer to the Dukes ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kookaburra&lt;/strong&gt; has a less prominent and close-knit seam, which tends to get lowered after 10-15 overs. It is machine made and is made for drier weather/environment. Since it is manufactured in Australia, which falls in the southern hemisphere, the leather (cattle leather mostly) is believed to be harder than the northern hemisphere leather (hence machine manufacturing). It supports conventional swing when its condition is new (say until 10-15 overs), but needs more work on the field to get it reversed. Hence it has been observed that it supports pace bowling to a great extent, is a mild supporter of swing and not a great proposition of spin. &quot;Good lateral movement, excellent pace and hard material&quot; describes it well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dukes&lt;/strong&gt; is hand-made and has a prominent seam, and is a bit smaller in size. It assists conventional swing for upto 20 overs and retains shine longer. Since it is hand-made, it is closer to SG in build than the Kookaburra. It assists reverse swing as well as spinners. It is fairly conductive to pace bowling but softens like SG after 40-45 overs. Because of the prominent seam, it gives a good grip to the spinners as well. &quot;Excellent lateral movement, good pace and soft material&quot; describes it well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no other game I know which relies on &quot;conditions&quot; as much as Cricket does. The above is just a general behavior observed. Dukes and Kookaburra can also turn, SG can also bounce well on conducive tracks. Its the ball, the track/pitch, weather conditions plus of course the talent of the bowler that decides the behavior of the ball on a given day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Find more interesting information on cricket balls and their history &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1160615/how-kookaburra-balls-came-to-rule-the-world&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13740" LastEditorUserId="13740" LastEditDate="2020-04-14T13:50:42.567" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T13:50:42.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20075" CreationDate="2018-08-22T12:38:43.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It'a actually as simple as the broadcasters making an educated guess based on previous matches. If a team is playing the same four defenders as the previous match, the broadcaster assumes the team is still playing a back four with players in the same positions. Uefa do this as well with their teamsheets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are often occasions where play starts and the commentators point out x team are actually playing a back five, for example, if this formation was unexpected beforehand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11947" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T12:38:43.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20099" CreationDate="2018-08-22T12:39:20.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that starters train to pitch once a week and relievers train to pitch whenever they are called into action, which could be anytime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article dives into this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportingnews.com/au/mlb/news/pitchers-who-are-starters-and-relievers-mike-montgomery-mike-minor-cubs-rangers/aj436r7wiyzg12gvsk80bjsr7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.sportingnews.com/au/mlb/news/pitchers-who-are-starters-and-relievers-mike-montgomery-mike-minor-cubs-rangers/aj436r7wiyzg12gvsk80bjsr7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The challenge for so-called hybrid pitchers ... [is having]&#xA;  to take care of their bodies in a way that keeps them on the&#xA;  mound, which is not easy because training to pitch once a week is&#xA;  quite different from training under the possibility of pitching on any&#xA;  given day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15972" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T12:39:20.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20099" CreationDate="2018-08-23T19:09:13.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I began following the game (mid-1970's), it seemed fairly common for at least a couple pitchers on a roster to relieve some and start some. Sure, there were guys who were used strictly as starters and others who were strictly relievers. However - and especially for early career pitchers, middling pitchers, and guys coming back from injury - there were pitchers who did both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since then, it seems a viewpoint has developed throughout the major leagues that specialization - or having a role - is the best way for most players to be used. Along the same lines, closers are rarely used outside of a save situation in the 9th inning (and the most common exceptions to that seem to be save situations in extra innings, or perhaps bring him in for the the 4 or 5 out save in the 8th inning). This viewpoint has somewhat extended to position players - especially starters - but doesn't seem quite as prevalent there - yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2018-08-23T20:17:58.230" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T20:17:58.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20098" CreationDate="2018-08-23T19:40:27.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;PTS means a result on points, where a UD statement would be inappropriate. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;historic fights may not have the judge's scores available in record, and therefore it is unsure whether a UD is what occurred&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a number of regions had only one person deciding points in their history, and UD implies more than one person&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any other situation where a decision on points was made but where there is not enough information to say it was UD, MD or SD (unanimous, majority or split).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T19:40:27.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-23T20:15:20.977" Score="1" ViewCount="1223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situation (in a youth baseball league game): Bases loaded, 1 out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ground ball is hit to the shortstop. Runner at 3rd goes home and touches the plate. Runner at 2nd begins to run to 3rd, but seeing the SS with the ball retreats back toward 2nd, but is tagged out. Meanwhile the runner at first had gotten to 2nd base, but seeing the runner ahead of him retreating, began running back to first. He is then tagged out for the 3rd out of the inning. The umpire rules that the run doesn't count, as the runner who had started at first had brought the force play back into effect by retreating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this ruling correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T04:48:58.283" Title="Can a force play come back into effect if a runner reaches the required base but then retreats?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20108" CreationDate="2018-08-23T23:35:14.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB rulebook isn't that descriptive with the force play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FORCE PLAY is a play in which a runner legally loses his right&#xA;  to occupy a base by reason of the batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we look at the situation and not the history (batter/runner running to or occupying first base, runner #2 between first and second), then we'd certainly agree that the runner #2 has lost the right to first.   There is no safety for the runner at first base, so it is reasonable to expect that the force is on at second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if there's any information in the umpire guidelines for this situation, but the ruling seems reasonable to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T23:35:14.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20110" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-24T03:16:47.887" Score="3" ViewCount="1755" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this is a simple question, but in a cover 3 defense where the outside linebacker has the Curl/Flat zone, can the OLB make contact with a receiver on a flat before a ball is passed? I’m in 8th grade and the season has started, and we’re 2-0. I just need to get this question out of my head and translated on the field. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15978" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:46:22.133" LastActivityDate="2021-03-23T06:00:21.693" Title="Can a linebacker make contact with a receiver before a pass is thrown to him?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20108" CreationDate="2018-08-24T19:42:58.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know there are only two cases where there is a force on a runner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The base behind the runner is occupied and a fair ball is hit. This requires every runner to move up a base. The force is removed is the trailing batter/runner is put out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A fly ball is caught all runners are required to tag and the force is removed by tagging. The direction a runner is going has no effect on if there is a force or not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last out must be a force out or made before the batter/runner reaches first base for the run not to count. See here for reference:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/19924/does-the-run-count-on-a-force-out-if-its-the-second-out-of-the-play-and-the-fir&quot;&gt;Does the run count on a force out if it&amp;#39;s the second out of the play AND the first is a non-forced tag out?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question states that the last out was made by &quot;tag&quot; which is not a force play and so I believe the run should count and the ruling is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15982" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-28T04:48:58.283" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T04:48:58.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20138" CreationDate="2018-08-25T17:43:11.963" Score="1" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the &lt;strong&gt;official&lt;/strong&gt; link of the most updated NBA rulebook?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I connected to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/nba-register-and-nba-guide&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;section&quot;&gt;section&lt;/a&gt; of the NBA website and it does contain a link for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://mediacentral.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/10/2017-18-NBA-Rule-Book.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, but that link redirects to the &quot;Media&quot; seciton of the NBA website, which is reserved for journalists and media covering the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the rulebook accessible only to the media? If so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-08-29T12:15:51.803" LastActivityDate="2018-08-29T23:58:06.730" Title="Where do I find the most updated NBA rulebook?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2018-08-25T18:43:03.580" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do gymnastics for many years and many boys in our training are smaller than the average guy. I think when you have to control your whole body it is easier when you haven't a tall body. Also you have to be quickly with your legs and my taller girlfriend in training for example ist often to slow for some jumps. &#xA;So I can say to be smaller is in gymnastics an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15985" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T06:00:25.100" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T06:00:25.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-26T18:36:33.493" Score="3" ViewCount="5880" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_medal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From Wikipedia,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a few tournament sports, such as boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling, &lt;strong&gt;two bronze medals&lt;/strong&gt; are awarded in each event – one for each eliminated semi-finalist or for the winners of the repechage brackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/india-settle-for-two-bronze-medals-in-bridge-5325823/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From Indian Express,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is no bronze medal play-off in bridge sport at the Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;both teams losing the semifinals receive bronze medals&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most events have only one bronze medal.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why do some events have two bronze medals?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T23:38:39.753" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T08:26:37.160" Title="Why do some events have two bronze medals?" Tags="|rules|trivia|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20119" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22701" CreationDate="2018-08-26T19:00:00.237" Score="3" ViewCount="497" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the Montreal triathlon there's something bugging me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/w33uW.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do people with red flags signify? They seem to be part of the organisation since they are peppered throughout the course and being from Montreal, I don't remember any recent cause that could manifest itself through a red flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do they do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T20:07:34.323" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:34:53.167" Title="What do people with red flags signify?" Tags="|triathlon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20122" CreationDate="2018-08-27T00:25:36.517" Score="8" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prior to the Hungarian Grand Prix, Sahara Force India entered administration and was bought out by the consortium Racing Point UK, renaming themselves Racing Point Force India in the Belgian Grand Prix but with zero points in the constructors championship. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the new ownership, the entire team was basically the same as it was at the start of the season. Same chassis, same drivers and the same crew. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a change of ownership midway through the season regarded as a separate team entry that results in a team not retaining all the points they've currently earned in the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T16:00:03.387" Title="Why did Force India get docked all constructors points?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2018-08-27T00:44:34.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Motorsports, like most other racing sports, typically favors drivers that are lightweight, which gives smaller, lighter drivers an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While most motorsport organizations feature a minimum chassis weight in the regulations, this often does not take driver weight into consideration. This allows cars with lighter drivers to have a slight weight advantage against cars with heavier drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is prevalent in open-wheel racing, particularly karts, where the karts themselves are all but equal in weight, and the differences mainly come from the driver's weight. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TL;DR, Regulated car weight + lighter driver allows for faster, more agile movement vs. cars with heavier drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-08-27T08:11:19.190" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T08:11:19.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20120" CreationDate="2018-08-27T07:36:16.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racing Point Force India count as a new team, that's why they start with no points. The points from old Sahara Force India went away with their exclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When Sahara Force India's entry was excluded from the championship,&#xA;  the team's 59 points from the first 12 races of the season went with&#xA;  it. As a new entry, Racing Point Force India starts the Belgian Grand&#xA;  Prix on zero points and its final championship position for 2018 will&#xA;  be determined by the points it accrues relative to its rivals from&#xA;  this weekend onwards. The drivers keep their points in the drivers'&#xA;  championship in the same way that a driver who switched teams mid&#xA;  season would keep theirs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/24463011/everything-need-know-changes-force-india&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Formula_One_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; also states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A consortium led by Lawrence Stroll purchased the racing assets and&#xA;  operations of Force India through a company named Racing Point UK Ltd.&#xA;  Force India was then excluded from the Championship on grounds of&#xA;  their inability to participate in events. This allowed a new team&#xA;  known as &quot;Racing Point Force India&quot; to apply for a late entry and&#xA;  begin the championship from the Belgian Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Force India's (FI) assets were sold to Racing Point (RP), but the FI company itself wasn't&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The assets no longer belonged to FI.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIA excluded FI due to their inability to continue (no assets left to race).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RP applied for the vacant spot as late entry.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RP now finishes the season with a new team using FI's assets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It must keep the name Force India, because that's the chassis name, which cannot be changed during a season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="9868" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T16:00:03.387" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T16:00:03.387" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20118" CreationDate="2018-08-27T12:43:17.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally in single elimination tournaments, you only have a winner and runner-up. In a format with a required third place award, there was a decision not to change the regular format, possibly because neither losing semi-finalist wants to potentially get injured in a bronze medal match or no fans want to watch it either. So the governing body decided to simply award two bronze medals instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T12:43:17.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20149" CreationDate="2018-08-27T20:59:41.713" Score="3" ViewCount="5439" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use the Samsung S-Health app which has a global step challenge with a public leaderboard. To complete the challenge, you need to walk 200,000 steps in the month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking over the leaderboard though, there are some people with ridiculously high step counts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2Kzyv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2Kzyv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fifth place has ~2.5 million steps. 2.5 million / 27 (days so far) = ~92593 steps/day!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As someone who walks ~8k steps a day, and has a record count of 40k steps in one day, 90k steps a day on average seems impossibly high. I filed a report to Samsung noting how the counts seem suspicious, and they replied, assuring me that they take cheating seriously and that the leaderboard is legitimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it remotely feasible to walk more than 90,000 steps a day, every day for a month? Is this something that someone may do in the course of training or some running sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15987" LastEditorUserId="15987" LastEditDate="2018-08-27T21:09:54.363" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T20:52:43.500" Title="Is is feasible to walk/run an average of 90,000 steps a day?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-01-03T21:25:44.340" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20115" CreationDate="2018-08-28T11:49:14.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Official NBA Guide and NBA Register page is the closest thing to an official link of the most updated NBA rulebook anyone can get: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/nba-register-and-nba-guide&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/news/nba-register-and-nba-guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also tried to access the rulebook and got redirected as well. I don't remember having this happen when I would search for rules in the past. That said, past rules are accessible and available on the NBA officiating page: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/news/officiating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nba.com/news/officiating&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15972" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T11:49:14.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20129" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-28T13:05:13.097" Score="0" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen a video, there were girls using a gym object that was like a ladder in a &quot;ring form&quot;, like two big rings connected by pegs. What is the name of this object?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15990" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-08-28T13:42:23.533" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T13:59:04.717" Title="Name of a &quot;gym object&quot;" Tags="|equipment|freestyle|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20129" CreationDate="2018-08-28T13:49:01.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some clarifications in the comments, it seems that the sport in question is wheel gymnastics. Regarding the name of the equipment, I will quote the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_gymnastics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wheel_gymnastics&amp;amp;oldid=850416134&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wheel gymnasts do exercises in a large wheel or hoop known as the &lt;strong&gt;Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel,&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;German wheel,&lt;/strong&gt; in the beginning also known as &lt;strong&gt;ayro wheel, aero wheel,&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Rhon rod.&lt;/strong&gt; The large wheel consists of two circles, which are connected with six spokes. The diameter of the wheel depends on the length of the gymnast, so that the gymnasts can hold himself on the grips when fully stretched. The wheels are available from a diameter of a 130 to 245cm. The wheels weigh between 40 and 60 kg. They are available in several depths and colors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If interested, you can easily find online many &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=wheel+gymnastics&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pictures&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=wheel+gymnastics&amp;amp;tbm=vid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;videos&lt;/a&gt; showing this sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-08-28T13:59:04.717" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T13:59:04.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20134" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-29T19:03:47.233" Score="1" ViewCount="5452" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose, for whatever reason, a goalkeeper is substituted off during kicks from the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they later be returned to the field by substituting back on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15998" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-08-29T19:41:46.180" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T20:18:58.340" Title="If a goalkeeper is substituted during kicks from the penalty mark, can they later be substituted on again?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20124" CreationDate="2018-08-29T19:04:43.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that it's highly unlikely but not impossible to take 90k steps in one day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Guinness Book of World Records Walter Geckle walked 108.75 miles in a 24 hour period. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/farthest-distance-nordic-walking-in-24-hours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/farthest-distance-nordic-walking-in-24-hours&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Temple University there are about 2k steps in a mile. so 2000 x 108.75 = 217,500 steps &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.temple.edu/hr/departments/benefits/documents/Conversion_Chart.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.temple.edu/hr/departments/benefits/documents/Conversion_Chart.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, in case you're wondering what Nordic Walking is ... &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_walking&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_walking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15982" LastActivityDate="2018-08-29T19:04:43.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20134" CreationDate="2018-08-29T19:24:59.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the league you are participating in allows return substitutions, as covered in Law 3.2 of the IFAB Laws of the Game, then the goalkeeper may return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Return substitutions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The use of return substitutions is only permitted in youth, veterans,&#xA;  disability and grassroots football, subject to the agreement of the&#xA;  national football association, confederation or FIFA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, the goalkeeper may not return as addressed in Law 3.3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To replace a player with a substitute, the following must be observed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• the player being replaced [...] takes no further part in the match,&#xA;  except where return substitutions are permitted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15972" LastActivityDate="2018-08-29T19:24:59.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20146" CreationDate="2018-08-29T20:55:35.973" Score="2" ViewCount="9568" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a team blocks an extra point. I realize that if the defense returns the ball to the end zone, it counts as a two-point score. However, what if the defense returns the ball to, say, the opposing 20-yard line? Is that the usual kickoff, or does the defense have the option to keep the ball at the 20?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that they don't, but I can't find any place that spells out the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4835" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2018-08-29T22:14:11.783" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T13:42:20.237" Title="What happens if a team returns a blocked extra point a long way, but not all the way to the end zone?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20115" CreationDate="2018-08-29T23:58:06.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I contacted the customer service and they gave me &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2017/11/Rule-Book-2017-18.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt; for the 2017/2018 Rulebook. I still don't know how you access the Rulebook from the website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastActivityDate="2018-08-29T23:58:06.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20134" CreationDate="2018-08-30T03:44:18.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the goalkeeper cannot be substituted back on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper may only be replaced by a substitute (or an excluded player if one team had more players than the other at any stage of the kicks) if they are &lt;em&gt;unable to continue&lt;/em&gt;. This is taken to mean injury, illness or some other emergency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the goalkeeper has been replaced in this way, they take no further part in the match, regardless of whether the match is using regular or return substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is outlined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match-2018/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match, Section 3 - Kicks From the Penalty Mark&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis added):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper who is unable to continue before or during the kicks may be replaced by a player excluded to equalise the number of players or, if their team has not used its maximum permitted number of substitutes, a named substitute, &lt;strong&gt;but the replaced goalkeeper takes no further part and may not take a kick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T03:44:18.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20137" CreationDate="2018-08-30T04:10:19.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no option to stay at the 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The outcomes of an extra point attempt are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;scoring the extra point&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;returned for a safety by the defence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;scoring a safety by the offence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything else is considered just a miss and play restarts as specified by the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T04:10:19.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20145" CreationDate="2018-08-30T07:56:53.897" Score="1" ViewCount="8791" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose an extra point gets blocked, and the defense returns it for two points. Who kicks off to whom? The defense who just scored the two points, or the offense who scored the TD?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4835" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T13:08:17.780" Title="Returning a blocked extra point for a score: who kicks off to whom?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20141" CreationDate="2018-08-30T08:01:11.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened in the Texas vs. Notre Dame game in 2016. I had a look at it, and the team that scored the TD kicks off. Which seems fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Xj170hxx708?t=2h34m16s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/Xj170hxx708?t=2h34m16s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4835" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T08:01:11.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20141" CreationDate="2018-08-30T13:08:17.780" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Suppose an extra point gets blocked, and the defense returns it for two points. Who kicks off to whom? The defense who just scored the two points, or the offense who scored the TD?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offense who scored the TD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA and NFL define an extra point attempt as a &quot;try.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA defines a &quot;try&quot; in Rule 8, Section 3, Article 2: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A try is an opportunity for either team to score one or two points&#xA;  while the game clock is stopped after a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL defines a &quot;try&quot; in Rule 3, Section 41:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Try is the attempt by a team that has scored a touchdown to add one point (by a field goal) or two points (by a touchdown) during one untimed scrimmage down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding who kicks off/receives the kickoff,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA says in Rule 8, Section 3, Article 6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a try, the ball shall be put in play by a kickoff or at the&#xA;  succeeding spot in extra periods. &lt;strong&gt;The team scoring the six-point touchdown&#xA;  shall kick off&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL says in Rule 11, Section 3, Article 4: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;After a Try, &lt;strong&gt;the team on defense during the Try shall receive the kickoff&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15972" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T13:08:17.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20137" CreationDate="2018-08-30T13:36:58.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What happens if a team returns a blocked extra point a long way, but not all the way to the end zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is considered dead, and the rules regarding what takes place after a try (a kickoff) is put into effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As posted &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20145&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, an extra point is defined as a &quot;try.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific rule reference for the NCAA regarding the results of a try can be found at Rule 8, Section 3, Article 2 (specifically point d2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d. The try ends when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball is dead by rule (A.R. 8-3-2-IV and VI).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific rule reference for the NCAA regarding what takes place after a try can be found at Rule 8, Section 3, Article 6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;After a try, the ball shall be put in play by a kickoff&lt;/strong&gt; or at the&#xA;  succeeding spot in extra periods. The team scoring the six-point touchdown&#xA;  shall kick off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific rule reference for the NFL regarding the results of a try can be found at Rule 11, Section 3, Article 2 (specifically point e): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During a Try, the following shall apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e)  The Try ends when ...  the ball is dead by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific rule reference for the NFL regarding what takes place after a try can be found at &lt;a href=&quot;http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#section-18-kicks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 3, Section 18, Article 5, Item 1&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Kickoff is a kick that puts the ball in play at the start of each&#xA;  half, at the start of overtime, &lt;strong&gt;after each Try&lt;/strong&gt;, and after a successful&#xA;  field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16003" LastEditorDisplayName="user16003" LastEditDate="2018-08-30T13:42:20.237" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T13:42:20.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-30T18:21:06.667" Score="3" ViewCount="556" Body="&lt;p&gt;Goalkeepers in football are of course not as physically active as the field players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering whether this means that goalkeepers are allowed to return from an injury earlier than field players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, imagine if Ronaldo and Buffon get the exact same ACL tear at the same time and go through the same sort of recovery phase... will Buffon be allowed back onto the pitch earlier than Ronaldo? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or are all players more or less forced to wait until they are healed properly, regardless of whether they are field players or goakeepers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16004" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T20:12:42.783" Title="Do goalkeepers return faster than field players from injury in football?" Tags="|football|injuries|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20147" CreationDate="2018-08-30T20:12:42.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your case it will probably be equal. Don't underestimate how much a goalie's knee is being strained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The recovery time is the biggest key for an injury like that. If it's equal, then they will both return to the pitch at the same time. Like you already figured, an injury like that must be fully healed (or it will break again).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a simple muscle injury a goalie might be able to return to the pitch earlier. Tape it and you're good to go in some cases. But that's something individual and has to be checked in every single case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T20:12:42.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20124" CreationDate="2018-08-30T20:19:22.483" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In effect, the people at the top of this list are saying that they walk an equivalent of 50 miles a day or so, every day. Finding myself skeptical, I've done a bit of research.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A world-class race walker can cover 50 km in about four hours. That translates to about 30 miles in four hours. That means that walking at that pace would require about seven hours to cover 50 miles, if one could keep it up that long. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a 50k race, a competitor typically needs two to three weeks to recover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it seems very feasible that there are thousands of people in the world who could cover 50 miles in 10 hours, at the rapid pace of five mph. (And billions who cold not.) It seems highly unlikely that there are more than a few people — if any — in the world who would be able to do it for 30 days in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remain skeptical that these numbers are even remotely accurate, Samsung's assertions to the contrary notwithstanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: it would seem that we are &lt;a href=&quot;https://eu.community.samsung.com/t5/Smartphones-Tablets-Wearables/why-do-samsung-allow-cheating-on-samsunghealth-challenges/td-p/257082&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;far from alone&lt;/a&gt; in our skepticism of these numbers, to the point that the &quot;challenge&quot; appears generally regarded as something of a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4835" LastEditorUserId="4835" LastEditDate="2018-08-31T19:57:56.523" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T19:57:56.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20059" CreationDate="2018-08-30T22:49:52.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's a lot like golf as well, and I think I can generalize a bit on this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sports that have competitors who typically show restraint and reserve typically are those which also expect silence from spectators. These sports are usually sports where a player isn't directly contesting the actions of an opponent; rather, opponents are both trying to do the same thing better than the other. Also, they usually are sports that involve some form of shot-making that requires an extreme level of precision, and that place much more emphasis on concentration and technique than on physical exertion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf, darts, bowling and the various forms of pool occur to me. In all of these it is considered very much against fair play to attempt to use noise to distract a player in the middle of a shot. Darts spectators are a bit louder, but the principle is the same; you don't hear any spectators — let alone competitors —  trying to throw a player off by shouting in the middle of a throw. If they did, they'd probably be thrown out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis is the only &quot;quiet&quot; sport I can think of that doesn't quite fit this model. I'm sure it requires enormous precision and concentration to hit a serve, but certainly no more than is required by a batter in cricket or baseball, and those crowds can get pretty loud.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the spectators are loudest in so-called &quot;contact&quot; sports, where players on opposing teams directly prevent each other from accomplishing an objective: the various forms of football, basketball, hockey and so on. All of these sports are characterized by having some form of &quot;defense&quot; as part of the game. And it seems to me that these are the sports where the players &quot;go nuts&quot; the most when they succeed at their game's objective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4835" LastEditorUserId="4835" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T08:53:30.150" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T08:53:30.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20124" CreationDate="2018-08-31T19:02:18.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The average adult's - male or female - stride length is 2.5 feet.  Two steps is 5 feet.  Doing the math (90,000x2.5)/5280, 90,000 steps equals about 42.6 miles. I would be very dubious that any person walks an average of 42+ miles every day.  Maybe they attach the pedometer to their little Chihuahua. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T19:02:18.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20152" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-01T13:07:08.777" Score="2" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is Lionel Messi's 2017/18 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;La Liga&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Copa del Rey&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spanish Super Cup&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Onze D'or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most goals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most assists&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most key passes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most chances created&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most dribbles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most MOTMs in Europe's TOP 5 leagues&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most freekicks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5th Golden Shoe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why wasn't he on the UEFA shortlist for Player of the Year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16009" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T16:47:16.927" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T17:03:55.457" Title="Why was Messi not on the UEFA shortlist for 2018 Player of the Year?" Tags="|football|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20176" CreationDate="2018-09-03T01:36:54.027" Score="1" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if there was a resource that allowed me to see On/Off statistics for a single player, in a unique game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example -- Can I see the effect of On/Off of LeBron James (FG%, 3PT%...) had on his Christmas game in 2017?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I go to stats.nba.com, I only see the aggregate for the whole year. Thanks everyone!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16014" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T18:54:19.953" Title="Resource for pulling NBA On/Off Stats for a single game?" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-09-13T17:10:24.927" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20155" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20169" CreationDate="2018-09-03T18:46:34.233" Score="4" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it acceptable (or even permissible) to award more than one yellow card to encroaching players on a free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My memory from 15 years ago is that we were told only the first encroaching player gets the card. Are there circumstances where multiple cards would be appropriate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16016" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-04T06:27:00.607" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T07:50:40.593" Title="Multiple yellow cards at a single free kick for encroachment" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20157" CreationDate="2018-09-03T21:12:07.737" Score="6" ViewCount="2313" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this clip on Youtube &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/yN10hXcuCzo?t=5m47s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, were the box crew of Ferrari are shown all wearing protective face masks. The clip is from 1998 and I don't know if this is still the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering why they do that. Surely it's not to stay anonymous, is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16018" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T02:57:57.953" Title="Why did/do F1 racing teams wear face masks?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20156" CreationDate="2018-09-03T21:50:44.893" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're not facemasks but fire resistant clothing, in particular balaclavas. Refuelling an F1 car has always been a slightly risky business - moving a highly flammable liquid around at high speed in the vicinity of very hot things isn't something that would be recommended in a health and safety manual - so the pit crews, just like the drivers, wear protective clothing; their suits will be fire resistant as well. For probably the most famous recent example of what happens when it all goes wrong, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6pNb5kAoXw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jos Verstappen in 1994&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T21:50:44.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20155" CreationDate="2018-09-04T06:25:50.167" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's entirely permissible and, if multiple players continue to encroach, not only acceptable but encouraged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider a team that sets up a wall. Player 2 encroaches on the free kick and is cautioned. Player 2 then goes off to another area of the field and the kick is reset. Player 3 then does the same thing to interfere with the kick. They should also be cautioned. Now suppose they were, and left the wall, and Player 4 encroaches on the reset kick as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would make no sense to simply warn the players again in the same kick for the same offence having already cautioned at least one of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T06:25:50.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20159" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20219" CreationDate="2018-09-04T09:28:26.753" Score="2" ViewCount="1560" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/LioneI10i/status/1036273592135118851&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thread in Twitter&lt;/a&gt; where they show a pass by Lionel Messi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EdqJC.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EdqJC.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next messages show others players performing it such as David Silva.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SW1R4.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SW1R4.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a specific name for this kind of pass or is it just a &lt;em&gt;pass with the outside of the foot&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T17:16:27.860" Title="What is the name of this kind of pass, done with the outside of the foot?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20160" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20164" CreationDate="2018-09-04T13:36:39.973" Score="7" ViewCount="4949" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a corner kick be taken quickly the same way a free-kick can ? That is, so long as the kicker does not require that the 10yds be enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13128" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T10:35:17.607" Title="Is quick corner kick permitted in association football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17989" CreationDate="2018-09-04T14:50:03.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Thevesh says, this really depends on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're seeing it in the published results or start lists of an event, it could me &quot;Stadium Record&quot;, i.e. the best mark made at a particular facility. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/14182/35&quot;&gt;What does HF stand for in context of track and field abbreviations (WR, MR, etc)?&lt;/a&gt; for examples of other such abbreviations; I didn't include &quot;SR&quot; in that list but perhaps I should have?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T14:50:03.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16742" CreationDate="2018-09-04T15:01:03.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The actual answer to this is &quot;History&quot;. The women's heptathlon was only introduced in the Olympic program in 1984; before that women contested a pentathlon (five events) when they were allowed to compete in multi-events at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bear in mind that almost all advances toward event equality between men and women have happened in the last half-century, and that the glacial pace of change in international bureaucracies still dominated by older men means there is still work to be done. 1984 was also the year of the first women's marathon, and long-distance track races (e.g. 5,000m/10,000m) didn't achieve parity until 1996; the women's 3000m steeplechase didn't make its Olympic debut until 2008. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taken as an aggregate, there are physiological differences between men and women (e.g. leg length - the average man has longer legs than the average woman) which lead to different event specifications, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/16712/35&quot;&gt;the height of hurdles and the distance between them&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an event with as many variables as the multis have (event distances, hurdle heights, implement weights, etc.) the negotiation of which of these variables are affected by measurable physiological differences and which are simply holdovers of history gets really, really complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T15:01:03.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20160" CreationDate="2018-09-04T22:14:20.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is allowed to take the corner kick quickly. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-corner-kick-2018/chapters/the-corner-kick-procedure-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; don't prohibit this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball must be placed in the corner area nearest to the point where&#xA;  the ball passed over the goal line &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball must be stationary and is kicked by a player of the attacking team &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves; it does not need to leave the corner area&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The corner flagpost must not be moved &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Opponents must remain at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc until the ball is in play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just very rare to have your players positioned accordingly to actually gain an advantage. Also the referee can enforce the 10 yard rule without anyone complaining (primarily because complaining isn't really a part of the game). So if a player of the other team is too close the kick can still be called off, if the referee doesn't see the advantage in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T22:14:20.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20156" CreationDate="2018-09-05T02:57:57.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even in modern F1 where mid-race refueling has been banned, pit crews are required by the FIA to wear safety equipment from head to toe during races. From helmets, safety goggles, fireproof suits and gloves, pit crews are just as geared up as the drivers during races because of safety reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the drivers though, the pit crew are often only seen fully geared up during the race itself, as you'll see most of them not donning firesuits during practice sessions and qualifying. This is mostly due to the fact that cars are rarely serviced right on the pit box in these sessions, more often going in and out of the pit garages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T02:57:57.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20167" CreationDate="2018-09-05T04:54:33.587" Score="4" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2018, F1 teams are allowed only 3 units of the Internal Combustion Engine, MGU-K and MGU-H, and 2 units of Energy Store, Turbocharger and Control Electronics. Gearboxes must also be used for 6 consecutive race weekends (FP3 to Race) before teams could replace them without penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question is, how does the FIA keep track of these components and make sure that the teams are not changing them between each race weekend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T06:07:23.053" Title="How does the FIA keep track of the teams' power unit allocations?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20166" CreationDate="2018-09-05T06:07:23.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each part of the power unit is affixed with a seal once installed in the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These seals are presumably recorded in a system under FIA control. The seals are then checked whenever necessary by the FIA delegates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A broken seal disallows any further use of a part unless the seal is removed under FIA supervision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Article 23.3.d of the FIA Sporting Regulations for detail of the rules for affixing or removing seals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T06:07:23.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20155" CreationDate="2018-09-05T07:19:29.010" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two possible interpretations of your question. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20158/3526&quot;&gt;Nij's answer&lt;/a&gt; refers to repeated offences by different players; I will deal with the simultaneous offending interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no answer to this in the Laws of the Game. The exact wording of the caution offence described in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt; (as you are probably already aware) is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;failing to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the letter of the law, if a three-player wall breaks before a free kick is taken, all should be cautioned (if advantage cannot be played). Of course, this is not what happens in practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball strikes one of the offending players, normally that player will be cautioned.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball does not strike any of offending players, the referee will do their best to find an advantage and warn the players concerned at the next stoppage. If advantage cannot be played, normally the most obvious failure to respect the distance will get a caution.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If all players move a similar amount towards the ball, the referee will simply pick a player (most likely one who is not already on a caution) and caution them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is extremely rare that a properly set and supervised wall will have one player break, let alone multiple players break. The above suggestions are based on what I've seen other referees do - I've never had it happen to me in over 10 years of refereeing yet!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T07:50:40.593" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T07:50:40.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5752" CreationDate="2018-09-05T11:31:47.787" Score="-1" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The United Kingdom (UK) is not alone. There are more than 20 members of FIFA (the primary organization that runs international soccer) that are not independent countries as recognized by the United Nations. For example, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands compete separately from the United States even though they are U.S. territories. Hong Kong and Macau have their own teams despite being special autonomous regions of China. In addition to the four you mentioned, the United Kingdom has several more teams that fall within its large historical umbrella: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Turks &amp;amp; Caicos Islands, and Gibraltar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I began looking into this question, my assumption was that FIFA liked maintaining a separate sense of what constitutes a &quot;country&quot; than the U.N. because it likes to imagine it is an international organization with power and influence on the level of the U.N. (And maybe this is true to some extent) Then I read Luke Bradshaw's &lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/the-omnivore/what-does-it-take-for-a-nation-to-join-fifa-ec725e51771a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;story of Paul Watson's quest to bring the tiny island of Pohnpei into FIFA&lt;/a&gt;. I discovered that &quot;As a non-governmental organization, FIFA is legally obliged to accept membership applications for states that want to join.&quot; FIFA is allowed to create application requirements and they leverage those to stall applications they don't like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, FIFA is not the only organization the runs international competitions, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is another. Unlike in FIFA, the UK sends a single team to the Olympics, not four constituent teams. However, they (almost) never send any soccer teams at all. That's because they are worried that if they played soccer as the UK in the Olympics, FIFA might rescind their ability to play soccer as individual nations in the World Cup. One exception to this was during the 2012 Olympics which were in London -- the UK took the calculated risk of playing soccer as the host and it worked out just fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a clear downside to playing separately. Two of the best soccer players in the world over the past decade have never played in the World Cup because of it. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Little&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kim Little&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Bale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gareth Bale&lt;/a&gt; have been superstars in club soccer but haven't ever been able to shine on the biggest stage of all because they were born in Scotland and Wales respectively and even their skills have not been enough to drag these smaller nations into the World Cup. That will change next year for Kim Little whose Scottish team just qualified last night for the 2019 World Cup in France with a 2-1 win over Albania!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The underlying &quot;why&quot; question remains. Why not play as the United Kingdom? The desire to play for Scotland or Wales or Northern Ireland or England instead of a consolidated United Kingdom must be rooted in national pride and history. It's maintained by negotiated agreement. The Home Nations agreement between the four regions sets out who is eligible to play for which of them and is much stricter than the general FIFA rules that allow quite liberally for (often Brazilians) to play for all sorts of national teams around the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T11:31:47.787" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20172" CreationDate="2018-09-05T14:59:04.877" Score="1" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand free agency rules in NHL, how the last two lockouts changed them, and how players may decide to behave with respect to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that after the 2004-5 lockout, unrestricted free agents became those players how are either older than 27 or have at least 7 seasons of tenure in NHL. The shift to the new rules was gradual: before season 2004-5, it was 31 years of age without tenure requirements (is this correct?); then--after the lockout, in 2005-6 it became 29 years of age or with 7 seasons tenure; finally, in 2006-7 it became 27 or with 7 seasons of tenure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the 2004-5 lockout, younger players with less than 7 seasons of tenure remained restricted free agents at the end of the contract, if the current team offered them a qualifying contract (i.e. a contract of at least 1 season, with a salary that is equivalent to at least 100-110% of the last salary). Differently, without the offer of a qualifying contract from the current team, these players become unrestricted free agents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2012-2013 lockout did not lead to any change in this free agency rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is based on the assumption that the above illustration is correct (if it is wrong, please, tell me what detail is wrong) and is grounded on a story telling that differs from the usual one--see below.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many hockey fan claim that long contracts impact players performance. After a player signs a multi-year contract, in the first season he &quot;shrinks&quot; (i.e. he does not play at his best), then he plays a bit better in the following seasons, and finally (in the last season of the contract) he plays as well as he could to convince the team owner (or the owner of another team) that he deserves a new contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I think that this story is incomplete because it does not differentiate between players who qualify as restricted free agents and those who qualify as unrestricted free agents.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;Let's consider a young good and nontenured player, in the last season of his contract. Since he is good, he expects the team owner to offer him a contract renewal that would be considered as a qualifying offer; therefore, he does not expect to become an unrestricted free agent at the end of the contract. &#xA;However, during the last season (or even a bit earlier), a different team owner comes forth and holds private talks with this player; this new team is better than his current team and wants to offer to him a better contract (much more money).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The question is: how likely is that this player intentionally plays bad during his last season in order to convince his current team owner to not give him a qualifying offer? Without qualifying offer, he becomes unrestricted free agent and can freely join the better team which offers him more money.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;What do you think? Is it likely to happen? &#xA;Are there some rumors about this behavior?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15989" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T05:04:20.410" Title="(un)restricted free agency in NHL" Tags="|ice-hockey|finances|performance|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20171" CreationDate="2018-09-05T17:43:21.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Qualifying Offer required to retain a RFA's rights is pretty low, a modest raise over last year's salary. To tank your season, that affects your bargaining power. Now your team thinks they can put the squeeze on you because of your poor season. Other teams would wonder if you lost it and will now question whether to sign you (including your tampering team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should also be noted that teams often put the squeeze anyways on RFAs to accept less (often called bridge contracts) to save money for stars and unrestricted free agents. Because everyone uses other contracts of similar players (comparables would be the industry lingo), you won't see an outlier contract very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T17:43:21.757" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20175" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-06T08:13:51.617" Score="2" ViewCount="456" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do tracks like Monza, Le Mans and Daytona Road Course feature run off areas that have several foam barriers that drivers need to drive around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that these were placed so that drivers need to drive around them when they misjudge their braking points instead of just cutting through the whole corner itself, but doesn't this pose a bit of a safety hazard in case a car suffers a brake failure? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Monza has them at turn 1, Le Mans has them at the entry to the two chicanes, Daytona has them at the bus stop, even the GP Course of Nurburgring has it before the actual chicane. All these spots in these circuits are at heavy braking zones at the end of long straights, so aren't the drivers put at more of a risk if a high speed collision with these barriers occurs at these locations as compared to just putting down gravel to slow the cars down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-09-07T00:54:35.307" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T14:09:45.467" Title="Why are artificial chicanes placed at the run off for long straights?" Tags="|formula-1|injuries|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20154" CreationDate="2018-09-06T18:54:19.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;and welcome to Sports Stack Exchange! Here's a website where you can find WOWY (with or without you) stats for NBA, specified to your query:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team with Lebron in that game: &lt;a href=&quot;http://nbawowy.com/ho3q1tufq2v#/ui09dmp08a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://nbawowy.com/ho3q1tufq2v#/ui09dmp08a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;36.1 FG%, 43.8 3PT%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team without Lebron in that game: &lt;a href=&quot;http://nbawowy.com/ho3q1tufq2v#/mtt6soymogm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://nbawowy.com/ho3q1tufq2v#/mtt6soymogm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;12.5% FG%, 25% 3PT%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can click &quot;swap&quot; on the left to change players from On/Off, view their effect on the whole team or specific teammates, change the date range, and even play with teammate combos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T18:54:19.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20175" CreationDate="2018-09-07T14:09:45.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned these foam barriers were put in to stop cars gaining an advantage by cutting the corner, either inadvertently or on purpose.  Driving around them slows the car down to the extent it is slower every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These have replaced the traditional gravel traps as it was felt they spoiled the racing as it meant anyone who went into them effectively ended their race.  The idea being more cars racing means better racing for the fans to watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But they are purely foam, so if you hit one at racing speed, they don't do anything more than cause minor damage, they might break a wing but they won't harm a driver.  They probably only weigh a few kilos, I believe they're polystyrene/styrofoam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you watch a reply of the Bottas/Verstappen incident at Monza last week, Bottas took the escape road and clipped one of the blocks with his rear wheel, it didn't cause any damage and the block moved a few inches.  I can't find a link to a video unfortunately as the FIA/Liberty don't allow clips on YouTube.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is this video but it only works in some countries, I can't view it - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.al.com/sports/index.ssf/2014/05/what_happens_when_a_race_car_h.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.al.com/sports/index.ssf/2014/05/what_happens_when_a_race_car_h.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T14:09:45.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20152" CreationDate="2018-09-07T15:06:30.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because winning the Champions League is like having a multiplier. In fact if you notice, almost always, the player that wins UEFA Player of the Year have won Champions League that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I made a table with the winner, the year, and the team who won the Champions League and you will see what I mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Modric 2018 (Real Madrid)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ronaldo 2017 (Real Madrid)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ronaldo 2016 (Real Madrid)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messi 2015 (Barcelona)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ronaldo 2014 (Real Madrid)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ribery 2013 (Bayern München)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Iniesta 2012 (Chelsea)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messi 2011 (Barcelona)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can notice that the only exception is 2012 when Iniesta won the award, but Chelsea won the cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year is no exception. In fact the first three players are Modric and Ronaldo, who won the 2018 Champions League and Momo Salah that had an astonishing season with Liverpool and played in the Champions League final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14264" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T15:34:22.803" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T15:34:22.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20179" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-07T20:21:16.450" Score="6" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2018 US Open, the semifinals had three previous winners on the men's side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened in a major tournament that all four places were held by previous winners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, has it happened in any ATP tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16026" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T02:17:08.153" LastActivityDate="2020-07-01T11:02:25.243" Title="All-winners semifinals in tennis" Tags="|trivia|tennis|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20179" CreationDate="2018-09-07T22:02:01.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some other that came close :&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 US Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. 3 were previous winners and 1 was a future (next year) winner&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 Australian Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. 3 were previous winners and the 4th was Murray who lost 2 finals before 2012 and 3 after&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 US Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. 2 were previous winners, Djokovic won it that year and Murray the year after&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 US Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; was a unique one, in the SF were : 2008(Federer), 2009(Del Potro), 2010(Nadal) and 2011(Djokovic) champions&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 US Open&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; had the same guys from 2011 (Big 4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-06-01T09:15:33.227" LastActivityDate="2020-06-01T09:15:33.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20181" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-07T23:27:44.243" Score="0" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know how many times (or equivalently, in what % of his innings) Cook has been England’s top scorer? How does that compare to the other players who have scored more than 10,000 runs in test cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16033" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-08T16:22:19.220" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T19:02:00.360" Title="How many times has Alistair Cook been England's top scorer?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20206" CreationDate="2018-09-08T12:03:05.943" Score="1" ViewCount="808" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the latest episode of NFL Hard Knocks the Browns are dropping players to get to the 53 that are allowed during the regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, if a dropped player isn't picked up by another team, they will have to wait for the next season before getting the opportunity to play for a team (assuming they aren't picked up during the season to cover an injury).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We hear about all the multi-million dollar contracts that the top players sign but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;how much can a player that doesn't make the grade expect to get?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are they paid a fixed sum, a sallery, per game cheque or some kind of performance based incentive?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are they under contract during the pre-season?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my limited knowledge, NFL seems to be more a way of life than a job, so what do dropped players do when not playing? Are there positions they can take up off the field or do they just get a regular job until they can play again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T16:02:22.850" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T16:02:22.850" Title="How much does a dropped NFL player earn while with a team during the pre-season" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-08T17:53:51.877" Score="0" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching Miss ST @ Kansas ST on 9/8/18. Miss ST QB loses control of the ball while in the process of throwing a pass when hit by a Kansas ST defender. Initial call on the field was &quot;fumble&quot;. Kansas ST recovered the ball. After a lengthy review it was ruled that since he had control of the ball at the point of contact, it was not a fumble. There were no complaints and play resumed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is Why isn't that a fumble? It seems to me the defender did his job knocking the ball loose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16037" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T07:09:59.397" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T17:24:42.543" Title="Mississippi St. QB Fumble" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20185" CreationDate="2018-09-09T06:19:20.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a quarterback's attempt at a forward pass coincides with a defender attempting to tackle or strike the ball, it will be a judgement call for the officials as to which one has occurred.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA rulebook does not appear to give an explicit definition of when the forward pass attempt begins, but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Football/2003.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Statisticians Manual&lt;/a&gt; does have this to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a player who is back to pass has the ball stripped from his grasp&#xA;  prior to his arm going forward, the defensive player who strips the&#xA;  ball is credited with a forced fumble ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The determination as to whether a ball that is stripped from a passer&#xA;  is a fumble or an incomplete pass will be made by the official on the&#xA;  field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question becomes whether or not the ball was stripped from the quarterback prior to the arm moving forward, initiating the forward pass.  There is a clip of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.clippituser.tv/c/bnlvdn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play&lt;/a&gt;.  After watching the clip and reading some discussion comments, my opinion is that this is indeed a borderline play where someone could reasonably argue for it to be called either a fumble or an incomplete forward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why isn't that a fumble? It seems to me the defender did his job knocking the ball loose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the opinion of the replay officials, the defender did not knock the ball loose &lt;em&gt;prior&lt;/em&gt; to the quarterback initiating the forward pass with forward arm motion.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T17:24:42.543" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T17:24:42.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20194" CreationDate="2018-09-09T17:54:59.800" Score="5" ViewCount="2760" Body="&lt;p&gt;Serena Williams lost a tennis match yesterday at the 2018 US Open, but not without some controversy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Williams was] penalized in the second set because of three separate game violations.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2018/09/09/serena-williams-accuses-umpire-sexism-in-us-open-loss.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first violation is mostly where I'm confused. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Williams got the first violation from umpire Carlos Ramos, who ruled that Williams received coaching earlier in the set; she told him she'd &quot;rather lose&quot; than cheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean? Coaches can't &quot;coach&quot; during a match? Does that mean no communication is allowed between coach and player? Why have a coach then if they can't give you a second perspective during a match? Seems like such a strange rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How closely is this rule followed? Williams' coach seems to think it's both a bad rule and generally not enforced. Is this true? Are there other sports leagues with a similar rule? I'm coming from an American football and baseball understanding, where coaching is vital to play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16042" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T15:58:38.147" Title="Tennis coaches can't coach during a match?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20193" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-10T02:43:42.420" Score="0" ViewCount="552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing basketball for years (I am in my late 20s now)&#xA;but I have not done any serious training. Occasionally I find that I should take it seriously and start working from the basics regardless of being older. One of the aspects I focus on now is ball handling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen lots of tutorials, videos of handling drills, which consist of using two balls, using a tennis ball, doing reps of basic moves like crossover, in and out, between the legs, behind the back etc. I try to follow these drills and practice from time to time, then I found that I have a even more fundamental problem: how to do a behind the back crossover properly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I try to do these &quot;basic drills&quot;, I find that I lose the ball often when I do the behind the back crossover, the ball will hit my butt or my ankle. Does that mean I should bend my shoulder to the back even more? Or should I bend my knee more? Or does it just mean that I need more practicing to get the &quot;feel&quot; of the move?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16044" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-10T06:02:17.857" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T08:04:33.957" Title="How to do a behind the back crossover properly?" Tags="|basketball|technique|training|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20189" CreationDate="2018-09-10T07:34:43.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On-court coaching is defined by the WTA as the player being allowed, once per set, to call their coach onto the court for coaching, and that any active communication between the coach and player outside of this is considered a violation. However, the WTA allows on-court coaching for all tournaments &lt;strong&gt;except&lt;/strong&gt; the four grand slams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the game, chair umpire Carlos Ramos apparently saw some signals from Serena Williams' coach and interpreted it as an attempt at coaching, despite the fact that Serena was unaware of the signal and may not have been even looking at her coach's box that point. At that point, as with the abuse of racket and unsportsmanlike conduct violations that followed, handing the code violation for on-court coaching was &lt;strong&gt;fully at the discretion of the chair umpire&lt;/strong&gt;, who deemed it necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.essentiallysports.com/court-coaching-tennis-blessing-curse/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;On-court coaching in tennis : Blessing or a curse? - Essentially&#xA;Sports&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/2684517/WTA-tour-to-allow-on-court-tennis-coaching-Tennis.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WTA tour to allow on-court tennis coaching - Tennis -&#xA;Telegraph&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-09-11T07:32:41.017" LastActivityDate="2018-09-11T07:32:41.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20196" CreationDate="2018-09-10T13:45:11.330" Score="5" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the US Open Federer has clinched his spot for the ATP Finals and Del Potro hasn't (see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/del-potro-atp-race-to-london-movers-10-september-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;news here&lt;/a&gt;). However, Del Potro has more points than Federer in the Race to London. How can this be? &lt;a href=&quot;https://live-tennis.eu/en/atp-race&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Live ATP Race&lt;/a&gt; says Federer has qualified despite not having reached the cut; why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ibjrr.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ibjrr.png&quot; alt=&quot;Current state of the ATP Race&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15286" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T16:27:42.617" Title="Del Potro is ahead of Federer in the Race to London, but Federer is the one having qualified" Tags="|rules|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20195" CreationDate="2018-09-10T15:52:27.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I presume it is due to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is [exactly] one current-year Grand Slam champion positioned between eighth and 20th in the Race, he qualifies in eighth place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other 2018 Grand Slam winners are Nadal and Djokovic, and neither of them can fall below 7th now.  So Federer will qualify with a finish of 20th or better (apparently guaranteed at this point).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T15:52:27.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20195" CreationDate="2018-09-10T16:27:42.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quote from a recent article on the ATP website: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/djokovic-federer-nitto-atp-finals-2018-qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Djokovic, Federer Clinch 2018 Nitto ATP Finals Spots&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180910162625/https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/djokovic-federer-nitto-atp-finals-2018-qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why Does Federer Qualify?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once Djokovic set a US Open final with Del Potro, Federer clinched his berth because of the 'Grand Slam Champion rule', which reserves one place in the eight-man field for a current-year Grand Slam champion who finishes between Nos. 8-20 in the ATP Race To London. Federer, the reigning Australian Open champion, may finish in the Top 7 and not need to lean on that rule to qualify. But he is guaranteed to finish the year in the Top 20 of the Race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If Djokovic wins the US Open final, then Federer is the only Grand Slam champion not already guaranteed of finishing in the Top 7. If Del Potro wins the US Open final, the Argentine will have enough points in the Race to qualify on points alone, again leaving Federer as the only Grand Slam champion not already with enough points to guarantee a Top 7 finish. But the Swiss would still be guaranteed of finishing within the Top 20. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T16:27:42.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-11T07:39:45.120" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Serena Williams was awarded her third code violation during the recently concluded US Open Finals against Naomi Osaka, US Open Referee Brian Earley and WTA Supervisor Donna Kelso were also called to the court due to the dispute between Serena and chair umpire Carlos Ramos over the code violations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was also the case during the 2009 US Open semifinals after Serena lashed out at a lineswoman who called a foot fault on her second serve that gave Kim Clijsters match point. The chair umpire, US Open referee, the lineswoman and Serena herself were seen disputing the incident that eventually lead to Serena defaulting on match point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I understand that these discussions with the tournament referee and organization officials are for clearing things with the players, as with the several infamous instances of this involving John McEnroe, can the tournament referees or WTA/ATP officials actually overturn any code violation awarded to a player as a result of these on-court discussions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-09-11T07:39:45.120" Title="Can code violations be overturned?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20201" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20593" CreationDate="2018-09-12T03:35:16.293" Score="0" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;The picture below is a drawing from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ground_billiards&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1674 of one of the very first billiard table that I could find&lt;/a&gt; in wiki said it had no information on this game called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ground_billiards&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ground billiards&lt;/a&gt;. Does anyone know or where to find the rules? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bIUTO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bIUTO.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16048" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-11-23T04:11:32.970" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T04:11:32.970" Title="What is the first billiards game ever rules?" Tags="|rules|history|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20204" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-13T08:09:51.530" Score="2" ViewCount="712" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Match #1&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000795/match=2019697/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europa League, quarter-finals, 2nd leg&lt;/a&gt;: After 90 minutes Besiktas was up 2-1 against Lyon. Because of the aggregate score of 3-3 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000795/match=2019693/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lyon won 2-1 in the 1st leg&lt;/a&gt;) they had to play extra time and then use penalty shootout to decide who got to go on in the to the semi-final. Lyon won on penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Match #2&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331517/#match-liveblog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup, round of 16&lt;/a&gt;: After 90 minutes the score was 1-1 between Spain and Russia. To get a winner they had to play extra time and do a penalty shootout. Russia won on penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Questions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which teams are considered the &lt;strong&gt;winner&lt;/strong&gt; of the two &lt;strong&gt;single matches&lt;/strong&gt;? (What I'm really wondering about is if that penalty shootout in a two-legged match is considered to be part of that single match or not.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In a team form view of the team would you expect to see Lyon to have won or lost the last match? (Would you be able to say that Besiktas or Spain have not lost any of their X matches because of the full-time score?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16053" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T12:33:48.330" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T09:05:42.603" Title="Who is the &quot;winner&quot; of each leg of a two-legged football match, or a match that goes to penalties?" Tags="|football|world-cup|betting|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3759" CreationDate="2018-09-13T11:58:26.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to give a little clarification based on the wording of the question... The batsman himself won't be able to score any runs unless the ball touches either the bat or glove first. If the batsman is clean bowled, then any subsequent run would be a bye, adding a run to the team total but not the batsman's tally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16054" LastEditorDisplayName="user16054" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T14:12:40.513" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T14:12:40.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20183" CreationDate="2018-09-13T15:17:51.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For this year the answer is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;$1,075.00 per week&lt;/strong&gt; for first year players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;$1,900.00 per week&lt;/strong&gt; for veterans.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Plus room and board for any player not living within the team's city.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is set by the collective bargaining agreement between the league and players association. This amount will increase next year and presumably increase during the next bargaining period. From Article 23 of the 2011-2020 Collective Bargaining Agreement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 2. Room and Board: All players will receive room and board during the pre-season training camp, and housing between training camp and the Tuesday prior to their Club’s first regular season game for those players who have not as yet established resi-dence in the Team city. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 3. First-year Player Per Diem: A first-year player will receive “per diem” payments, commencing with the first day of Preseason Training Camp and ending one week prior to the Club’s first regular season game, at the following weekly rates for the respective League Years: $850 (2011–12 League Years), $925 (2013–14 League Years), $1,000 (2015–16 League Years), &lt;strong&gt;$1,075 (2017–18 League Years)&lt;/strong&gt;, $1,150 (2019–20 League Years). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 4. Veteran Per Diem: A veteran player will receive “per diem” payments, commencing with the first day of Preseason Training Camp and ending one week prior to the Club’s first regular season game, at the following weekly rates for the respective League Years: $1,600 (2011–12 League Years), $1,700 (2013–14 League Years), $1,800 (2015–16 League Years), &lt;strong&gt;$1,900 (2017–18 League Years)&lt;/strong&gt;, $2,000 (2019–20 League Years).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a player is cut and not under contract they receive no compensation. However, if they are lucky a player can make the ten-man practice squad which they would be entitled to make $7,600 per week this year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 33 Section 3. Minimum salary for a Practice Squad player shall be the following per week, including postseason weeks in which his Club is in the playoffs: $5,700 (2011-2012 League Years), $6,000 (2013 League Year), $6,300 (2014 League Year), $6,600 (2015 League Year), $6,900 (2016 League Year), $7,200 (2017 League Year), &lt;strong&gt;$7,600 (2018 League Year)&lt;/strong&gt;, $8,000 (2019 League Year), $8,400 (2020 League Year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that a player is on his own. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16057" LastEditorUserId="16057" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T15:34:29.250" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T15:34:29.250" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19918" CreationDate="2018-09-13T15:56:53.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is of course the Collective Bargaining Agreement...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Article 10. Section 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player so designated may be one who would otherwise be a Restricted&#xA;Free Agent. Except as set forth in Section 2(a)(i) below, any Club that designates a Franchise Player shall be the only Club with which such Franchise Player may negotiate or sign a Player Contract during the period the player is so designated, notwithstanding the number of his Accrued Seasons. &lt;strong&gt;The period for Clubs to designate Franchise Players will begin on the twenty-second day preceding the first day of the new League Year and will end at 4:00pm New York time on the eighth day preceding the first day of the new League Year.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Franchise Tag is essentially a one-year contract and is very strict and well defined within the CBA. If no other deal can be made prior to the deadline the amount and term of the tag takes effect. Since you can't extend a Franchise Tag there would not be any ability to alter the deal once signed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Article 10. Section 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Club may designate a Franchise Player only during the periods and in the numbers specified in Section 1 above; otherwise, the Club’s right to such designation expires.&lt;/strong&gt; However, a Club may designate a player to whom the Club has rights as a Franchise Player with respect to any first future League Year during the term of this Agreement for which such player is anticipated to be an Unrestricted Free Agent. For any such players, the Club shall be deemed on the first day of the first future League Year in which the designation takes effect to have automatically tendered the player a one year NFL Player Contract...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/football-ops/league-governance/2018-19-important-nfl-dates/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL's website&lt;/a&gt; puts this in a less &amp;quot;legalese&amp;quot; way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;July 16: At 4:00 p.m., New York time, deadline for any club that designated a Franchise Player to sign such player to a multiyear contract or extension. After this date, the player may sign only a one-year contract with his prior club for the 2018 season, and &lt;strong&gt;such contract cannot be extended until after the club’s last regular season game&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16057" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T16:20:15.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20204" CreationDate="2018-09-14T09:05:42.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Laws of the Game (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/FootballDevelopment/Refereeing/02/36/01/11/LawsofthegamewebEN_Neutral.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2 Mb pdf-file&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Winning team&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team scoring the greater number of goals during a match is the&#xA;winner. If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goals&#xA;are scored, the match is drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Competition rules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When competition rules require there to be a winning team after a match or home-and-away tie, the only permitted&#xA;procedures for determining the winning team are those approved by the&#xA;International F.A. Board, namely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;away goals rule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;extra time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on that penalty shootout is considered to be a part of a single play-off game. However, it is not clear whether penalty shootout can be considered as a part of the second match in a home-and-away tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The winner if every single match in 2-legs game is the team who scored the greater number of goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, it is not defined who is the winner of the second leg in a home-and-away tie situation if it comes to penalty shootout. It's only defined who is the winner of the whole stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15689" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T09:05:42.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12620" CreationDate="2018-09-14T13:33:46.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only thing that can be said for certain is &lt;strong&gt;NOT the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.heisman.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Heisman Trophy Trust&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, the organization presenting the award. They are considered a non-profit charitable organization and tax-exempt therefor &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampbarrett/2010/12/11/heisman-trophy-trust-is-one-stingy-charity/#6782a9c77e2c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;can only give money to other tax-exempt organizations.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that all parties involved are going to be making money... lots of money. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/12/07/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Heisman.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source for below examples&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The school may for the trip as the athlete is part their organization and I'm sure they can justify those expenses as &quot;football related&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Baylor Univ. estimates that Robert Griffin III's Heisman Trophy win last year was worth $250M in &quot;extra donations, increased ticket sales, licensing fees, sponsorship deals [and] an expanded deal with Fox Sports Southwest,&quot; according to Michele Steele of ESPN.com. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/12/07/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Heisman.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The athlete may pay their own way as they will likely be receiving a windfall by becoming a marketable commodity;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pro Stars Ink President Ben Litvin estimates a Heisman winner &quot;can pull down about $50,000 a year from three to four autograph sittings a year, three to four corporate appearances a year, two to three paid golf appearances per year, and three speeches&quot; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/12/07/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Heisman.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or it could be sports agents looking to do the athlete a &quot;favor&quot; in return for being selected to represent the player during their professional career. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The governing agency of college athletics said he [2005 Heisman winner Reggie Bush] and his family accepted huge amounts of money and perks from sports agents--including a limousine ride to the Heisman ceremony. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampbarrett/2010/12/11/heisman-trophy-trust-is-one-stingy-charity/#6782a9c77e2c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16057" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T13:33:46.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20210" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20211" CreationDate="2018-09-14T17:44:51.500" Score="1" ViewCount="4444" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming an NFL receiver catches a ball and maintains possession, if he hops twice on the same foot before going out of bounds, does it count as a catch?  Does the rule book specifically say it needs to be two distinct feet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-14T18:15:37.020" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T18:59:16.977" Title="Is it a reception if a receiver hops twice on one foot?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20210" CreationDate="2018-09-14T18:59:16.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL rule (8.1.3b) is written as &quot;touches the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you need both feet to touch inbounds, or one foot and and a knee, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-completed-or-intercepted-pass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook online&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-09-14T18:59:16.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20230" CreationDate="2018-09-15T10:01:46.517" Score="2" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the South African Springboks beating the New Zealand All Blacks on 15 September 2018, Rassie Erasmus has joined an elite group of rugby coaches who can say they have won test rugby in New Zealand. That made me wonder how many coaches in the world have won test rugby in New Zealand in the professional era?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T11:52:09.257" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T11:52:09.257" Title="How many coaches have won test rugby against New Zealand in New Zealand?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-15T18:42:17.210" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prior to Sam Curran has any player been dropped midway through a series then brought back and then won player of the series.&#xA;I'm talking about a player not being selected rather than missing a game through injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16061" LastActivityDate="2018-09-15T18:42:17.210" Title="Man of the series dropped from the team" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-17T04:02:23.153" Score="0" ViewCount="554" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question here. I know quite a bit about football but don't actually know this specific rule. &#xA;Here is the scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QB says &quot;Ready Set Hike&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Center lifts ball of ground to hand to QB&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QB acts like he took the snap and runs to the right to mimic a QB sneak&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Running Back quickly grabs the hiked ball from between the Centers legs and runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a legal play with respect to standard American Football regulations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16067" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T21:41:05.683" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:41:05.683" Title="Center Hikes Ball- Football" Tags="|american-football|quarterback|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20217" CreationDate="2018-09-17T12:41:50.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming the running back isn't on the line, it doesn't seem to be prohibited under NFL rules. However, the way you described it wouldn't work because it's highly unlikely the running back would have enough time to grab the ball from under center before the defense could get there. Normally, it would be a direct snap to the running back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T12:41:50.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20159" CreationDate="2018-09-17T17:16:27.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The technique of putting curl on a ball with the outside of the foot is known as a &lt;strong&gt;trivela&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a Portuguese term. Another notable example would be Roberto Carlos' bending free kick against France in 1997.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is as far as I know no specific word for a &lt;em&gt;pass&lt;/em&gt; with the outside of the foot specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16069" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T17:16:27.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20223" CreationDate="2018-09-18T01:59:00.470" Score="1" ViewCount="648" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the shuttle hits the player then lands, what is the line judge supposed to call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player then hits the shuttle out on their own side (does not reach or go past the net), or hits it directly down, what should the line judge call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16072" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-18T07:32:24.233" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T15:59:30.940" Title="What should a badminton line judge call if the shuttle hits the player?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20221" CreationDate="2018-09-18T06:49:00.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The responsibilities of the umpire and line judge are laid out in §17 of &lt;a href=&quot;http://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%2019052018A.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the laws&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§17.4 A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed ‘in’ or ‘out’ on the line(s) assigned.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  §17.6.1 An umpire shall (..) call a ‘fault’ or a ‘let’ should either occur;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Statutes/CHAPTER-4---RULES-OF-THE-GAME/Section%204.1.1%20-%20Instructions%20to%20Technical%20Officials%20(ITTO).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTO&lt;/a&gt; clarify further:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§8.7 [Line judge's] calls or signals shall always be made without any anticipation of the Umpire's decision regarding faults (e.g. the shuttle touching the player, his clothing, or racket before landing on the court, however obvious).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shuttle touches the player (or any other fault is committed), the line judge should observe the umpire (and during service, the service judge).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;If the umpire or service judge calls fault or let, then the shuttle was out of play when it touched the ground, and no line judge signal/call is given.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;If the umpire/service judge does not call fault/let immediately, then the line judge should signal and call In, Out, or Unseen, as usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one &lt;strong&gt;important exception&lt;/strong&gt;: Per §5.4.9.3 of the ITTO, the umpire may omit calling obvious faults, specifically when the shuttle is caught by the net during the service, or fails to pass over the net. So if the fault is on the player's side and really obvious (e.g. shuttle is hit into the net, or deflected in a 90° angle during a defense attempt, or as in your question, a player hits the shuttle straight down), then the line judge should not signal anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's what's written down in the laws and ITTO. In practice, the situation is a bit more complicated: At many international tournaments, the referees instruct the umpires to not specifically call out &lt;em&gt;Fault&lt;/em&gt; for obvious faults, above and beyond what §5.4.9.3 ITTO allows, as this makes for a better presentation.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This should be mentioned in the line judge's briefing, and then the line judge doesn't signal anything either if the fault is obvious. But if in doubt, the line judge should always proceed with the signal, and let the umpire sort out the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules and ITTO make it abundantly clear that only the service judge and referee can intervene if the umpire makes a mistake such as missing a fault, although all technical officials work together as a team (compare §6.9 and §7.8 of the ITTO).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;The most a line judge can do if a fault has been missed is throw a slightly curious look towards the umpire, who will hopefully notice their mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2018-09-18T15:59:30.940" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T15:59:30.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20226" CreationDate="2018-09-18T18:37:14.663" Score="-2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional tournaments/championships and across sports, can different games be started at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When or why would the organisers do that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16075" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T03:14:03.867" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T03:14:03.867" Title="Can several games start at the same time in one tournament?" Tags="|rules|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20225" CreationDate="2018-09-18T19:28:02.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can they? Yes, unless a particular regulation says otherwise. Will they? It depends on the tournament's needs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tournament may start matches at identical times for competitive purposes (teams cannot easily plan to attain a specific result based on corresponding game results elsewhere in the competition) or for scheduling (if a large number of matches must be completed in a short time, having a common timetable across several venues is helpful).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tournament may start matches at staggered times for management purposes (grounds staff or officials may be necessary to begin, but not required after that; however there are too many matches to only play them consecutively).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tournament may also start matches consecutively, where one finished before the next. This is primarily due to broadcast requirements (the audience does not have to pick and watch only one or flicker between two games) but in some sports may also be due to venue availability (for example, if there are few games each day they can be spaced reasonably on a single field).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same tournament may apply any or all of these, as well, depending on the stage they are at. For example, the FIFA World Cup plays the group matches at staggered or consecutive times, although the final group matches are played at identical times, while the knockout matches are played strictly consecutively (even on different days entirely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-18T19:34:14.493" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T19:34:14.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20228" CreationDate="2018-09-19T02:43:50.163" Score="1" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say there are men on second and third with one out. So the pitcher intentionally walks a batter to load the bases and set up a possible double play. Maybe the pitcher didn't want to pitch to a good batter anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who makes the decision for an intentional walk? Does the pitcher make this decision on his own? Or is it somehow communicated to him by a manager or a coach? Or is it true that a pitcher makes this decision some of the time, but the manager or coach can order him to walk a particularly dangerous batter, or pitch to a certain, presumably weak, one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T14:33:12.503" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T14:33:12.503" Title="Who makes a decision to intentionally walk a batter?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20227" CreationDate="2018-09-19T06:53:18.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls#Slang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The intentional base on balls is often referred to as a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(F)#four-fingered_salute&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;four-fingered salute&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; This reference stems from the manager's holding up four fingers to signal an intentional walk to the pitcher or catcher. It is a &quot;salute&quot; to the batter that the manager admits to wanting to pitch to someone else instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which seems to suggest that in earlier times, it was usually the manager who made this decision. This information from the same article suggests it's still the case today:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to the 2017 season, as part of Major League Baseball's efforts to improve the pace of play, the rules were amended to allow a manager to order an intentional walk by simply signaling the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not mean the pitcher can never make this decision on his own (I simply do not know enough about MLB to answer that part.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T06:53:18.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20212" CreationDate="2018-09-19T07:27:22.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;home_or_away=1;result=2;spanmin1=26+Aug+1995;spanval1=span;team=8;template=results;type=team;view=results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this query on ESPN Scrum&lt;/a&gt;, New Zealand has lost 10 times at home since August 26th, 1995 (the beginning of the professional era). The coaches aren't mentioned but can be retrieved from Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Team            Score     Opposition    Ground          Date        Coach&#xA;===========================================================================&#xA;New Zealand     3   13  v South Africa  Wellington      25 Jul 1998 Nick Mallett&#xA;New Zealand     23  27  v Australia     Christchurch    1 Aug 1998  Rod Macqueen&#xA;New Zealand     23  24  v Australia     Wellington      5 Aug 2000  Rod Macqueen&#xA;New Zealand     15  23  v Australia     Dunedin         11 Aug 2001 Eddie Jones&#xA;New Zealand     13  15  v England       Wellington      14 Jun 2003 Sir Clive Woodward&#xA;New Zealand     28  30  v South Africa  Dunedin         12 Jul 2008 Peter de Villiers&#xA;New Zealand     22  27  v France        Dunedin         13 Jun 2009 Marc Lièvremont&#xA;New Zealand     29  32  v South Africa  Hamilton        12 Sep 2009 Peter de Villiers&#xA;New Zealand     21  24  v Lions         Wellington      1 Jul 2017  Warren Gatland&#xA;New Zealand     34  36  v South Africa  Wellington      15 Sep 2018 Rassie Erasmus&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two coaches pulled it off twice, so the answer to your question is &lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T07:27:22.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20231" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20232" CreationDate="2018-09-19T12:57:56.537" Score="4" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought jerseys have last names (or nothing) on the back of them. However, I recently saw dots on a jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJaLm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJaLm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;dots on jersey&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did jerseys get dots on them? What do they represent? It sorta looks like scoreboard dots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T13:00:20.230" Title="When did jerseys get dots on them?" Tags="|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20231" CreationDate="2018-09-19T13:00:20.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure that's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Braille&lt;/a&gt;, the writing system for visually impaired people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letters spell B-U-N-D-Y, so it's probably &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Bundy&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dylan Bundy&lt;/a&gt;, who plays with #37 for the Orioles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T13:00:20.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20233" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-19T15:31:55.317" Score="0" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 18th hole of the TOUR championship used to be a par-3, but I found out that is no longer the case since it is now the 9th hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did this change take place and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T15:58:35.007" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T12:00:50.123" Title="When did the TOUR Championship stop finishing on a par-3?" Tags="|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20233" CreationDate="2018-09-19T15:37:28.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 18th hole became the 9th hole since the 2016 TOUR Championship to accommodate a stretch of holes that will be more dramatic, unpredictable, and exciting than its previous setup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“East Lake Golf Club has served as a fitting venue for the finale of our FedExCup season,” said PGA TOUR Commissioner Tim Finchem. “Now in its 10th year, the FedExCup structure has given the TOUR a true season-ending finale and has performed to our expectations in every way. We will always strive to find ways to enhance our events for our fans, players and sponsors. &lt;strong&gt;By flipping the nines at East Lake, we believe the final stretch of the FedExCup will become even more dramatic and exciting as our season-long competition comes to a close&lt;/strong&gt;.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Many of the world's historic courses go through transitions as the game of golf changes with time. I’m confident this transition will respect and highlight the rich tradition and history of East Lake Golf Club,” said Tom Cousins, Chairman. “&lt;strong&gt;We look forward to a fantastic conclusion of the TOUR Championship by Coca-Cola as the leaders compete on a new finishing stretch of challenging holes and conclude with the spectacular view of our iconic clubhouse from the new par-5 18th hole.&lt;/strong&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;I have been working with the PGA TOUR and East Lake Golf Club in reversing the nines to create more interest and volatility over the finishing stretch&lt;/strong&gt;,” said course architect Rees Jones. “Players will be challenged by the difficult 14th hole and a demanding tee shot at No. 15. And the final three holes should not be viewed as an easier finish. With some tweaks that we are making, it is a stretch where par is not necessarily the standard and expected score. &lt;strong&gt;There will be birdies, bogeys on all three holes and potentially eagles on the final hole, which will ultimately result in more lead changes and excitement for all involved.&lt;/strong&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eastlakefoundation.org/east-lake-golf-club-front-back-nines-to-be-reversed-for-tour-championship-by-coca-cola/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SOURCE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T09:31:39.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20235" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-20T17:30:48.007" Score="4" ViewCount="6448" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding doubles match: On our opponent's second serve to me, I called it out. Our opponents contested my call. My partner said she did not see exactly where the ball bounced. Our opponents said because my partner could not confirm my call, it was their point. I said that unless she was clearly able to see that my call was wrong, my call stands and it was our point.  Who is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16081" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T10:46:47.463" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T10:46:47.463" Title="Who calls tennis serves in or out when no referee is present?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20235" CreationDate="2018-09-20T17:37:56.053" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules of tennis specify that the umpire decides decides whether the ball is in or out (assisted by line judges etc as appropriate). As you were apparently playing without an umpire, you were not playing by the official rules, so it is impossible to say who was &quot;correct&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest that you agree this sort of thing with your opponents before starting a match in future to avoid this kind of issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T17:37:56.053" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20237" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20239" CreationDate="2018-09-21T10:15:09.563" Score="4" ViewCount="4485" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a occasional football watcher from Europe, so please excuse my stupid question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is the following: The standard outcome of a punt is a catch by the defending team and some running before he goes down or out of bounds. Sometimes, however, a member of the punting team happens to catch the punt, in which case the defending team gets possession where the catch happened. I don't really understand why the play does not continue in this case. What does such a catch distinguish to a 'normal catch'? I have the following thoughts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking forward is generally allowed and could theoretically be done in 'normal play'. [EDIT: This assumption turned out to be wrong.]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes, kick-offs are done in a manner to maintain possession (I guess this is called on-side kick?). If it's allowed in this case to catch the ball, why not after a punt?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kicking the ball wide forward (and usually giving up possession) is often seen in Rugby as a means to open up the game. If a member of the kicking team gains possession, the game just goes on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my understanding, I'd hence assume the kicking team would at least be granted a new first down. I don't see a reason why the possession would change in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-29T07:28:50.337" LastActivityDate="2024-01-15T02:33:34.247" Title="Why does the game stop after the kicking team catches a punt?" Tags="|rules|american-football|special-teams|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20160" CreationDate="2018-09-21T10:35:17.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote, neither a free-kick nor a corner kick require a whistle by the referee in general. A whistle is mandatory if a yellow/red card was awarded (my team got a goal once disallowed because they executed the free kick without a whistle). However, if the referee enforces the 9.15m rule, the kicker has to wait for the whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T10:35:17.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20237" CreationDate="2018-09-21T11:51:48.247" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-kickers-catch-or-recover-beyond-line&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 9, Section 3, Article 2, Item 2&lt;/a&gt; of the NFL Rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Illegal Catch or Recovery.&lt;/strong&gt; If the kickers catch or recover a kick beyond the line that has not been touched beyond the line by the receiving team, the ball is dead, and it is first-and-10 for the receivers at the spot of catch or recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the ball is dead because the punting team recovered a kick beyond the line of scrimmage without the receiving team touching the ball. Note that this is different from a kick-off, which can be recovered by the kicking team after the ball has travelled 10 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T12:48:45.907" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T12:48:45.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20237" CreationDate="2018-09-21T12:35:21.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand your question correctly, you're asking why play stops if the punting team touches the ball. This is because it is technically a penalty for illegal touching for the punting team to touch the ball on a punt first. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, because it is a penalty, the receiving team is in fact allowed to advance the ball if it merely touched and not &quot;downed&quot;, and anything bad that happens is null (similar to interceptions and fumbles being wiped out because of a defensive penalty). Most of the time, there isn't an opportunity to do so and the play merely ends. Sometimes, the punting team doesn't pay attention and a savvy player can scoop up the touched ball and run with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T12:35:21.347" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20241" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-21T12:53:07.090" Score="1" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've played golf a few times this season and had a handful of putts for birdie 10 feet and under. Although I was happy with all but one of my putts, each putt missed low. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For another putt (about 25 feet), I kept changing my line thinking &quot;this one is going to miss high.&quot; I struck the putt well with great speed, but my putt missed low again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I conclude that I am not reading greens very well. Are there any tips for green-reading I can take with me next time I'm on the golf course? I notice, lately, that I overcompensate for break when there is little to none (causing me to miss putts that are straight because I started it on the edge to account for break).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T22:20:29.847" Title="What are some tips for green-reading?" Tags="|technique|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20242" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20244" CreationDate="2018-09-21T14:57:19.300" Score="0" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a big sports fan, but I know Auburn, the SEC, the Yankees are winners, but then the Mets, the Cubs, the Browns tend to lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think over years that there would a more cyclical win/lose cycle, but it seems pretty consistent, even over decades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16087" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T05:51:05.937" Title="From high school to college to professional sports, why do the same teams seem to consistently win and lose year after year, decade after decade?" Tags="|statistics|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20181" CreationDate="2018-09-21T15:09:05.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cook has top scored in 58 of his 291 Test innings (19.9%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All batsmen with more than 10,000 runs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;batsman         innings top-scorer  %&#xA;Tendulkar       329     78          23.7%&#xA;Ponting         287     46          16.0%&#xA;Kallis          280     51          18.2%&#xA;Dravid          286     53          18.5%&#xA;Cook            291     58          19.9%&#xA;Sangakkara      233     58          24.9%&#xA;Lara            232     65          28.0%&#xA;Chanderpaul     280     60          21.4%&#xA;Jayawardene     252     51          20.2%&#xA;Border          265     49          18.5%&#xA;Waugh           260     44          16.9%&#xA;Gavaskar        214     60          28.0%&#xA;Y Khan          213     48          22.5%&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastEditorUserId="16079" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T18:01:59.403" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T18:01:59.403" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20242" CreationDate="2018-09-21T15:23:09.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to provide a general overview of factors that contribute to a team's consistency. This isn't meant to be a comprehensive or highly detailed essay on the topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Recruiting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coaching&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Front Office&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any combination of the above factors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recruiting&lt;/strong&gt;: In college, the best teams generally get the best recruits. This explains why the SEC generally has the best teams (as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/sec-football/the-rich-get-richer-sec-now-has-6-teams-in-top-10-of-current-2019-recruiting-class-rankings/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6 out of the top 10 recruiting classes for 2019&lt;/a&gt; belong to SEC teams).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coaching&lt;/strong&gt;: Nick Saban, Bill Belichick, and Steve Kerr are considered exceptional coaches in their respective sports. Teams with low turnover in the coaching department tend to be more consistent as players do not have to adjust to different coaching systems (even Marvin Lewis, coach for the Bengals for the past 15 years, has been consistent...consistently slightly above average and cannot win a playoff game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Front Office&lt;/strong&gt;: This is a big factor when it comes to the Cleveland Browns. Their front office decisions have been considered subpar. There have been instances that a team has turned around after a personnel change (eg, a new general manager). For example, the San Francisco 49ers hired a new general manager for the 2011 NFL season (along with a new head coach). After consecutive losing seasons, the 49ers made the NFC Championship game that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T15:23:09.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-21T15:32:15.217" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/eRxBSfKNsS4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was yesterday in a Copa Libertadores match. The header ended in the goalkeeper's face. The referee decided to send off the player with the VAR. The rules of soccer are not really clear about this situation, or yes? The rule about excessive force or brutality makes no distinction between &quot;on purpose&quot; brute force but, honestly, I think the rulebook could have a modification regarding this kind of &quot;accidents&quot;: why mustn't the not so clever incident maker pay for his &quot;mistake&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16088" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-30T02:03:26.537" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T02:03:26.537" Title="Brutal accident against goalkeeper (Andrada vs Dedé) must he have been sent off (as he was)" Tags="|football|copa-libertadores|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-21T19:49:57.217" Score="4" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2206/16092&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; to the question &quot;Who gets Super Bowl rings?&quot; which says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, in some cases, players traded during the season will get them too, if they suited up and played during they regular season. This is also by ownership's decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was ever a time when a player was guaranteed a Super Bowl ring because they are in the final game but they started the season for their opponents team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16092" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-23T21:42:09.273" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T15:59:51.487" Title="Has anyone been &quot;guaranteed&quot; a Super Bowl ring because they played for both teams during the season?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16583" CreationDate="2018-09-21T23:39:00.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team that wants to hire a DFA'd player has to offer him at least the &quot;minimum wage&quot; for major league baseball (now a bit over $500,000). The team that originally DFA'd him will receive salary relief to the extent picked up by the new team (they owe the original contract amount minus his current salary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T23:39:00.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20245" CreationDate="2018-09-22T05:34:04.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws of the Game are completely clear on this, and they define &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15039/what-do-careless-reckless-and-excessive-force-mean-when-referring-to-fouls&quot;&gt;careless, reckless, and excessive force&lt;/a&gt;. These are used to determine the punishment for an illegal tackle or challenge i.e. free kick only, caution, or sending-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this video, both players were moving towards the ball, but only the goalkeeper had any realistic chance of winning it. The attacker, while moving at much greater speed, threw his head towards the ball and the goalkeeper. The attacker is likely to have known that he had minimal chance of playing the ball fairly, and there was every chance that his head would collect the goalkeeper, probably above the chest. A compounding factor is that &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/4655/can-you-hit-a-football-when-the-goalkeeper-is-touching-it/4657&quot;&gt;once the goalkeeper has the ball in their hands, any challenge, regardless of how it is made, is illegal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The outcome of this, is that even though he was making some attempt to play the ball, the attacker's head made heavy contact with the goalkeeper's head, solely as a result of the attacker voluntarily committing himself to a challenge that he had minimal chance of winning fairly. The referee decided that this endangered the safety of an opponent, and as per the first paragraph of my answer, this must result in a sending-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to your suggestion, the Laws of the Game &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; somewhat make a distinction between &quot;on purpose&quot; brute force, and &quot;accidental&quot; brute force, but not in those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serious Foul Play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[...]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Violent conduct&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Violent conduct is when a player uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not challenging for the ball, or against a team-mate, team official, match official, spectator or any other person, regardless of whether contact is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players sent off for violent conduct are typically suspended for much longer than those sent off for serious foul play. This is the distinction. The reason that both offences result in a send-off is because challenges made with excessive force, no matter how accidental, can shorten or even end playing careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-09-23T03:13:49.630" LastActivityDate="2018-09-23T03:13:49.630" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7146" CreationDate="2018-09-22T20:42:51.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you are referring to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/8793.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Ashdown&lt;/a&gt; whose first-class career spanned 1914-1947.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His Cricinfo profile mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is the only man to have played first-class cricket in England before the First World War and after the Second. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could also find one other player, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/28036.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;D.B. Deodhar&lt;/a&gt;, whose first-class career spanned 1911-1947.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2018-09-22T20:42:51.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20193" CreationDate="2018-09-24T05:26:18.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should bend your shoulder to the back more and hips forward more, creating an arch so that there's more space behind you for a cleaner wrap around dribble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When doing a Moving Behind the Back Move, you &lt;em&gt;don't&lt;/em&gt; want to take up a lot of space with the ball doing it (like a wide circular windup) - the move needs to be quick, tight, and close to your body. A trick you can try is to slap your lower back of the opposite side. This will make the move quick and less likely to be vulnerable to steals. When a lot of players try this move, they usually are trying to do it more like a wide windup around their back, when it should be a pretty straight and quick wrap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Standing Behind the Back Move you can practice (see YouTube clips of Steph Curry) pretty easy, just bouncing the ball behind your back side to side repetitively.  Like many things in basketball, it just takes a lot of practice and repetition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16097" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-25T11:30:08.017" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T11:30:08.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20242" CreationDate="2018-09-24T05:51:05.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple: Ownership. It starts from the top. Ownership sets the tone, the culture and strategic goals, signs off on big moves, hires the front office who in turn make the strategic decisions on running a franchise, hiring a coach, building a team of players, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want proof, just look at cases of perennial losing and winning franchises across different sports.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Bad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Los Angeles Clippers under Donald Sterling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Golden State Warriors under Chris Cohan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New York Knicks under James Dolan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Detroit Lions under the Fords&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Washington Redskins under Daniel Snyder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Good&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New England Patriots under Robert Kraft&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;San Antonio Spurs under Peter Holt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Los Angeles Lakers under the late Jerry Buss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Golden State Warriors under Joe Lacob&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A great example of the difference an owner can make is the Warriors. Long time owner Chris Cohan oversaw decades of being a bottom dweller laughing stock team, dysfunction and turmoil in the front office, a culture more worried about entertainment than winning, etc. So what happened? He made decisions based on his goals, and his incompetence permeated throughout the franchise. They didn't care about winning, they made horrible trades, drafts, decisions, etc.  Now comes along Joe Lacob, who transformed the entire franchise: created a winning culture, hired competent/respected/smart front office, made great decisions with drafts, trades, free agency, etc.  The Warriors went from absolute laughing stock, to powerhouse dynasty, in less than 5 yrs of new ownership. Good, bad, or mediocre, this happens all across sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16097" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T05:51:05.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20261" CreationDate="2018-09-24T09:17:11.280" Score="8" ViewCount="1063" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching football games and highlights I often notice the referee saying something to a player who has just scored a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can imagine if the player has celebrated too much it would be related to that, but I even see this happening if the player's celebration is very moderate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there something set down in referee's rule book about confirming goals or do ever congratulate a player on a well taken shot or... what is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15641" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T01:40:28.680" Title="What do referees say to footballers after they score?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20254" CreationDate="2018-09-24T09:48:23.280" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;By regulation, referees are not obliged to tell anything to a goal scorer. All they have to do is whistle and prepare the kick-off. It would be highly unprofessional to congratulate a player. The only thing I can imagine is to tell him to hurry up and make the game go on. In rare cases, the referee might be unsure on whether there was infringement, e.g. the goal was scored by help of the arm. In such cases, he might ask the scorer (or any other player). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T09:48:23.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20254" CreationDate="2018-09-24T09:49:08.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, it's necessary to confirm &lt;em&gt;who&lt;/em&gt; made a goal; this is important for statistics like the top scorers list. There are some rules for when a goal counts as an own goal or not, especially if a ball changes direction because a defender is in the way, it's not always clear who counts as the scorer of the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Congratulating a player on scoring a goal would be a rather strange move from a referee, almost implying he favours one team over another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T09:49:08.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20254" CreationDate="2018-09-24T11:48:36.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on personal experience the referees tell the players to hurry up. This doesn't have to be the scorer...  the goal keeper or any other player can as well be asked to hurry up. Depending on the score and time left it occasionally happens that the referees also point at their watch indicating to hurry up or the time spent will be added to the stoppage time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very unusual that a referee congratulates a player, even when it was a great goal. A referee has to stay neutral at all times and congratulating someone is counter-productive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And when the referee is unsure about the goal being good they will interrupt the game (usually signaled by blowing the whistle 3-4 times) and talk to the assistant first (or signal for the VAR, if applicable). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T11:48:36.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20258" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-24T13:58:20.220" Score="-3" ViewCount="604" Body="&lt;p&gt;When was the last time the Lions and Browns both won on the same weekend? They both won on September 23rd, 2018, but they are notorious for being the two 0-16 teams in NFL history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16102" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-10-11T04:25:45.803" LastActivityDate="2018-10-11T04:25:45.803" Title="When was the last time the Lions and Browns both won on the same weekend?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20258" CreationDate="2018-09-24T15:53:14.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same week: The weekend of November 9, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Browns over the Bengals 24-3 (Thursday Night, 11/6/2014) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201411060cin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lions over the Dolphis 20-16 (Sunday, 11/9/2014) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201411090det.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same weekend (day): October 26, 2014&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Browns over the Raiders 23-13 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201410260cle.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lions over the Falcons 22-21 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201410260atl.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16079" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T15:53:14.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20254" CreationDate="2018-09-25T00:45:32.310" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on my experience, there are three reasons I move towards the goalscorer and their entourage after a goal is scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to confirm the number of the goalscorer (not required by the Laws, but may be required by the competition rules); and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to use presence and body language, and if necessary voice and whistle to direct the player to promptly return to their own half and prevent excessive celebration (as required in &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12, Section 4, &lt;em&gt;Celebration of a Goal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;);  and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if either of the above are required, and the temperature or level of the match allows for it, to quietly congratulate the player to build rapport&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the number of the goalscorer is obvious, and the scorer and friends are promptly returning to their own half, there isn't really any reason to go near them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; 1 - I reject the suggestion in other answers that quietly congratulating a player is improper or casts doubt on referee neutrality. While &lt;em&gt;celebrating&lt;/em&gt; a goal would be highly inappropriate, telling a player &quot;well done&quot; after scoring a goal is no different to showing genuine concern when a player is injured, or trying to persuade a player to change their behaviour rather than just cautioning them straight away. When used appropriately and sparingly, it may help to build a working relationship between players and referees. This in itself may make player management easier later in the match, or even later in the season if the same team is seen again. This technique may be less appropriate as the level of football increases e.g. elite players may see it as patronising.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-09-25T01:40:28.680" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T01:40:28.680" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20263" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-09-25T18:06:47.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions about &lt;em&gt;competitive&lt;/em&gt; fishing. Questions about &lt;em&gt;recreational&lt;/em&gt; fishing are off-topic, but might be welcomed on our sister site &lt;a href=&quot;https://outdoors.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;The Great Outdoors&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-26T11:47:47.610" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T11:47:47.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20264" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-09-25T18:06:47.130" Score="0" Body="For questions about competitive fishing. Questions about recreational fishing are off-topic here, and should be asked on The Great Outdoors Stack Exchange." OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-26T08:37:59.397" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T08:37:59.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18047" CreationDate="2018-09-26T07:53:05.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the first question: &lt;strong&gt;Upon making a legal serve over the net in table tennis, can the ball hit the receiver's side more than once?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is yes! It's no matter the long, and short serve, the serve is legal. But if the ball hit the receiver more than once, then the receiver lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second question: &lt;strong&gt;And, if so can it spin back and hit the net on the receiver's side?&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Based on the basic &lt;a href=&quot;https://pingsunday.com/table-tennis-serving-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;serving rules&lt;/a&gt;, if the ball spin back to the server's side, then the server get the points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T07:53:05.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14797" CreationDate="2018-09-26T08:04:08.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, many players said that &quot;ping pong&quot; and table tennis&quot; is the same. But when I searched on Google &quot;table tennis vs ping pong&quot;, I found this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some players have posted on theguardian.com that “Table tennis and&#xA;  ping pong are exactly the same game”. &lt;strong&gt;But this is no longer true!&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  Before 2011, “Ping Pong” or “Table Tennis” is the same sport. ... In&#xA;  general, Ping Pong relates to garage players, while Table Tennis is&#xA;  used by players that formally train in the sport.Nov 2, 2017&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ping Pong and table tennis &lt;a href=&quot;https://pingsunday.com/difference-table-tennis-vs-ping-pong/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are the different sports&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T447u.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T447u.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T08:04:08.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-26T12:56:44.027" Score="5" ViewCount="6043" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at Befair tennis, what is the percentage of broken service games?&#xA;If both players are fairly evenly matched, how many times does a player lose his service game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16108" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-09-27T08:59:54.987" LastActivityDate="2023-06-09T08:37:21.160" Title="In tennis, what is the percentage of broken service games?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20269" CreationDate="2018-09-26T13:52:02.530" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found some statistics &lt;a href=&quot;https://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/break-percentages-of-the-big-tournaments.207765/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It will depend on whether they're playing on grass (relatively hard to break), hardcourt (medium) or clay (relatively easy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Tournament&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Surface&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;1998&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;2007&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;2008&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Grass&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19.78%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17.34%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16.77%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;US Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hardcourt&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21.53%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21.87%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Australian Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hardcourt&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23.18%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Roland Garros&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Clay&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24.13%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23.68%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on the professional level, it's less than 1 in 4, but more than 1 in 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-06-09T08:35:34.317" LastActivityDate="2023-06-09T08:35:34.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20275" CreationDate="2018-09-27T01:26:25.737" Score="5" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;So during a soccer game I refereed, a kid took a goal kick and somehow managed to kick the ball out of bounds before it left the box, like in my beautiful diagram below. Would this be a redo of the goal kick, because it never left the box, or would this be considered going out of bounds, and would be a corner kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/As17B.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/As17B.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13249" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-09-27T03:13:57.537" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T03:13:57.537" Title="Ball goes out of bounds inside box" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20276" CreationDate="2018-09-27T01:27:01.503" Score="0" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reffing a boys high school soccer game. Home team player dribbled into the box and before the defender could challenge he got a shot off on net that was saved by the keeper. Half a second after releasing the shot the defender slid in with a tackle and both players ended up on the ground. No-call on the field and play continued. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confident in the decision as it is a play I have been a part of (as a player and a ref) hundreds of times. The player got the shot on frame off and the slide tackle in my mind was an attempt to play the ball. It was a harder tackle but not reckless in my view. No call, no PK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The home team coach made such a stink about it though so I thought I would pose the question here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16110" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T05:33:20.447" Title="Would you have called this a penalty?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20272" CreationDate="2018-09-27T03:13:19.373" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a retake. The ball was never put back into play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-goal-kick-2018/chapters/Procedure2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16 - The Goal Kick, Section 1 - Procedure&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The ball is in play when it leaves the penalty area&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-ball-in-and-out-of-play-2018/chapters/ball-out-of-play-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 9 - The Ball In and Out of Play, Section 1 - Ball Out of Play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or in the air.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contradiction between Law 9 and Law 16 is resolved by reading the provision in Law 16 as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the ball is out of play until it leaves the penalty area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which despite not being logically equivalent to the original text, is the only possible interpretation that doesn't lead to absurdities e.g. considering the ball as in play yet having wholly passed over the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take your pick out of the following two clauses as to which is applicable here (they provide for the same result). The first is I believe what the lawmakers would intend to have apply to this situation, but once again, the wording isn't a perfect match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-goal-kick-2018/chapters/offencesand-sanctions2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16 - The Goal Kick, Section 2 - Offences and Sanctions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball does not leave the penalty area or is touched by a player before it leaves the penalty area the kick is retaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For any other offence the kick is retaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T03:13:19.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20273" CreationDate="2018-09-27T08:37:32.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since we didn't see that situation it is hard to form a good answer for it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general it is simple: if you would call a foul for same scene in the midfield you should call a foul in the box as well. A tackle or challenge does not need to be reckless or excessively forceful for a penalty kick - as with any other tackle or challenge, carelessness is enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/direct-free-kick-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 1 - Direct Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;tackles or challenges&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or penalty kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick-2018/chapters/the-penalty-kick-introduction-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14 - The Penalty Kick, Introduction&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits a direct free kick offence inside their penalty area or off the field as part of play as outlined in Laws 12 and 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a defender carelessly tackles an opponent (e.g. unfairly making contact with an opponent before the ball), a penalty kick should still be awarded unless the attacking team still has the possibility to score (advantage rule).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-10-02T05:33:20.447" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T05:33:20.447" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20277" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20278" CreationDate="2018-09-27T12:21:27.287" Score="0" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jeff Fisher cut Deon Long for bringing a woman to his dorm room. What's the big deal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/08/09/jeff-fisher-cut-deon-long-for-bringing-a-woman-to-his-camp-dorm-room/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/08/09/jeff-fisher-cut-deon-long-for-bringing-a-woman-to-his-camp-dorm-room/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14190" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T12:56:25.483" Title="Why aren't women allowed in training camp?" Tags="|nfl|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20277" CreationDate="2018-09-27T12:56:25.483" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The article goes into this. Simply put, Jeff Fisher instituted a rule, and it was broken by Deon Long. The big deal is that a rule was broken. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;there was a strict no visitors policy in the team’s camp dorms at UC-Irvine ... Fisher listened to Long before telling him he’d broken a team rule that was non-negotiable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't apply this to other teams, or even &quot;traning camp&quot; as the article specifically mentions &quot;team's camp dorms&quot; (there's nothing to suggest that she wasn't allowed on-grounds during training camp). Any suggestion that this somehow disallows women from training camp (when the article clearly states &quot;no visitors policy in the team’s camp dorms&quot;) is purely conjecture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T12:56:25.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20269" CreationDate="2018-09-27T18:19:17.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;h1&gt;20%&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This post refers exclusively to ATP World Tour matches, and includes no data from the Challenger or Futures circuits. As you specifically said &amp;quot;his&amp;quot;, it also includes no data from the WTA Tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Over the last decade&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, the returner has won 21.3% of games.&lt;/strong&gt; This ranges from a peak of 22.7% in 2011 to a low of 20.2% in 2015. 2018 so far&lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt; has been fairly typical, with the returner winning 20.6% of games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surfaces make a huge difference.&lt;/strong&gt; Here's a table showing the surface by surface difference for the last decade, the lowest and highest yearly rates, and the 2018 break percentage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Surface&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Avg&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Low&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;High&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;2018&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Clay&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23.0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hard&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20.8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19.8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21.7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20.3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Grass&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16.9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18.6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16.6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Carpet&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18.9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;——&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that carpet was discontinued as a ATP World Tour surface in 2008, so its inclusion in this table is from just 728 games played at the 2008 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon, and 331 games played in Group II of the 2016 Davis Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If both players are fairly evenly matched&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Balance does make some difference, but not a huge amount. If we make the assumption that matches later on in a tournament are going to be more balanced, then you can see a clear trend in the data by looking at the numbers per round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Percentage of games won by the returner, all surfaces (2008–2018):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R128: 21.9%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R64: 21.3%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R32: 21.7%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R16: 20.7%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QF: 20.8%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;SF: 19.8%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;F: 20.2%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that for many events the Round of 32 is the first round, so you would not expect there to be a drastic increase in average matchup quality until the Round of 16, where in nearly all tournaments, each participant has to have won at least one match. Indeed, as soon as you get to this point service is broken a percentage point less often. &lt;strong&gt;If you look at just semifinals and finals, it drops another percentage point, to 19.9%.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's fairly evident that in completely one-sided matches (6–0, 6–0), the average percentage of service games that get broken will come out to 50%. The round-by-round data seems to show that a match being even &lt;em&gt;remotely&lt;/em&gt; competitive (a.k.a., between two players good enough to be in the ATP World Tour) will bring this average down to the low twenties, at which point it will more slowly decline to a plateau of about 20% in heavily competitive matches. So there's your answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Service is significantly more secure in an indoor match than an outdoor one. Returners win just 19.5% of games indoors, compared to 21.7% outdoors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There's almost no difference between best of 3 and best of 5 matches as far as broken service games go (21.4% and 21.1% respectively).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In a fairly even best of 3 match, both players would expect to be broken 4-5 times on average.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: for the purposes of this post &amp;quot;the last decade&amp;quot; refers to the 31st of December 2007 (start of 2008 Adelaide, Doha, and Chennai events), through to the 23rd of September 2018 (end of 2018 St. Petersburg and Metz events)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;: excluding the ongoing Chengdu Open and Shenzhen Open.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;: As there are twice as many semifinals per tournament than finals, the 19.8% in semis drags the average down more than the 20.2% in finals brings it up.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-06-09T08:37:21.160" LastActivityDate="2023-06-09T08:37:21.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20241" CreationDate="2018-09-27T22:20:29.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading greens may or may not be your problem.  It can be argued that putting is the single greatest way you can improve your golf scoring, but there are a great many variables in putting that make it somewhat difficult to pinpoint problems unless you approach it systematically.  First and foremost, are your grip, stance, and alignment.  These must support a natural-straight down the line- stroke.  Feet, knees, hips, shoulders should all be parallel with each other, and aligned straight down the target line.  The ball should be positioned almost directly under, or very slightly outside your eyes, and your hands should be directly below your shoulders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another common flaw is the ability to accurately see and set the putter on your line.  A good test for this is when you set up to the ball on a straight putt, set your club to what you think is directly down your target line, then, keeping the putter in this position, step to the rear and look down the line at the way your putter is facing to see if it's actually facing in the direction you think it is.  Don't be surprised if it's not.  Once these potential problems are straightened out, you can move on to reading the greens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to remember about green reading is that the majority of the break in your putt will occur in the last 1/3 of the putt.  As the ball slows down, there is more time for the break to have its effect on the ball, so the slope of the green closer to the hole will have a greater effect than the slope of the green at the beginning of the putt.  Here are a few of the things that go into reading greens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uphill/downhill - Uphill putts will break less than downhill putts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grain - Grass grows slowly in the morning and faster in the afternoon, and grows faster in the direction of the afternoon sun.  This predominant direction of growth is the grain of the green and will deflect putts in the direction of the grain.  You need to determine the grain of the grass on the green, and then know that the putt will be slightly deflected in that direction, especially on downhill putts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Angle of the hole - Obviously the ball will roll in the direction of the side slope of the green, but remember the hole is also sloped.  The ball will be much more likely to go in from the uphill side than the downhill side.  On the downhill side, the ball will be breaking away from the hole, while on the uphill side it will be turning towards the hole.  Always err to the uphill side.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Speed - There are many paths the ball can take to the hole.  A ball hit harder will go straighter than a ball hit more softly.  Short putts can be hit slightly more firmly to take some break out of the putt, so aim within the limits of the hole on short putts so that if there isn't any break, the ball will still go in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Surrounding terrain -  Before deciding on the line for your putt, step back and look at the surrounding terrain.  Is there a creek or lake nearby?  There will most likely be an overall slope in that direction.  Is there a hill or mountain?  Putts will normally break away from those features, even if they are some distance away.  Is there a greenside bunker?  Often the sand from bunker shots will build up a knoll next to the bunker on the green and putts will break away from this.  Get an idea of the surroundings before you examine your line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's obviously a lot that goes into putting and these are just a few considerations.  My most important advice would be to make sure you can hit a straight putt straight.  That way, a missed putt is most likely a speed or line problem and not a stroke problem.  This will get you going in the right direction.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T22:20:29.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-28T14:07:16.633" Score="0" ViewCount="404" Body="&lt;p&gt;During earlier IPL events, all Indian news TV channels were giving highlights, point tables, etc. We were getting too many updates.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During IPL 2018, there was no coverage in prime time on any Indian news TV channels. Even the England tour was not shown. Now Asia Cup is not shown. No updates on cricket, except for a line or two. Even the India-Pakistan match was not highlighted!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Asian Games were shown prominently, but not cricket. Are TV news channels boycotting cricket? Or are sports telecasters demanding too much money from TV news channels?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even the matches between India and West Indies is not shown prominently. On Day 1, there was prime time news only about the century scored by Prithvi Shaw and no other player was mentioned. Maybe broadcasters have taken very exclusive rights and want viewers to watch sports channels for cricket news.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On 21/Nov/2018, morning, there was some news about India preparing for the t20 matches, and players were shown practicing; Not sure if that is stock video or current coverage.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Evening, there were only few lines about India losing by 4 runs due to DLS. No video of the match, no news about wickets, partnerships, Australia score, top scorers  ....  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible Answer:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Pattern looks like news channels want to cover it, but they are not getting the live video; Maybe the charges are too high or the owners of the video want viewers to watch it through sports channels only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2018-11-22T09:01:34.140" LastActivityDate="2021-09-11T13:00:55.070" Title="Why are Indian news TV channels not showing coverage of cricket matches?" Tags="|cricket|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-28T20:56:27.513" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why did the Flyers change/upgrade their mascot to Gritty? I tried searching on many news websites, but they seem to focus on the responses that those on social media left, rather than why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16117" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-09-29T02:56:58.037" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T14:09:53.253" Title="Why did the Philadelphia Flyers make Gritty their mascot?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20288" CreationDate="2018-09-30T20:50:09.567" Score="3" ViewCount="2274" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been eyeballing a volleyball match right now (apparently, it's world championships :), and have noticed that they show &quot;spike speed&quot; for spike replays. How is that speed measured? Is the ball stuffed with sensors or is there an array of hi-speed cameras to measure this? How much instrumentation is there for a high-profile match like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main judge has three displays at his disposals, they look like three completely different things. At at least two times teams have contested a ruling, and a rudimentary 3D animation was shown on stream. It looked bit low-res, and definitely not like something the studio responsible for the transmission would do - so it must have originated from some kind of match-local instrumentation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16126" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T14:21:17.500" Title="How is spike speed measured in volleyball?" Tags="|equipment|volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20287" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20289" CreationDate="2018-10-01T02:30:01.617" Score="5" ViewCount="3679" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question applies to all levels of American football from pee wee football all the way up to the NFL. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a running back is past the line of scrimmage and is running towards the sideline with the intent of getting out of bounds to stop the clock but his path is blocked by defensive players, can the running back toss the football out of bounds to stop the clock?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not talking about him passing the football over the heads of the defensive players into the sideline, but him tossing it like a softball towards the sideline and angling it a few yards back from his position on the field so its not a forward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will the ball be placed at the point where the ball entered the sideline and will this stop the clock?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16128" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-23T21:41:58.110" LastActivityDate="2019-11-23T21:41:58.110" Title="Is a running back allowed to toss the football out of bounds to stop the clock?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20286" CreationDate="2018-10-01T07:30:51.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not 100% sure if this particular system is used at the current World Championships, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawk-Eye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hawk-Eye&lt;/a&gt; has a system which works for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hawkeyeinnovations.com/sports/volleyball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;volleyball&lt;/a&gt; as well, though it's mostly known for tennis. According to the Wikipedia page,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The system works via six (sometimes seven) high-performance cameras, normally positioned on the underside of the stadium roof, which track the ball from different angles. The video from the six cameras is then triangulated and combined to create a three-dimensional representation of the ball's trajectory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the ball has no sensors (which has the advantage that they can't influence the ball's trajectory); it's just that the system 'knows' how a ball looks like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though Hawk-Eye (and similar systems) are mostly used to check if a ball is in or not, and the 3D trajectory is definitely from such a system, it can measure ball speed as well. But for measuring the ball's speed, older systems, based on radar, exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-10-01T07:30:51.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20287" CreationDate="2018-10-01T09:25:53.940" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is illegal and penalized after the 2 minute warning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NFL Rules 4.7.1 ILLEGAL ACTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A team is not permitted to conserve time after the two-minute warning of either half by&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    committing any of these acts:[...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    (d) throwing a backward pass out of bounds; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside the two minute warning it is ruled as a ball out of bounds. The ball will be spotted at the point where it crosses the sideline and the gameclock will stop until the ref signaled that the ball has returned to the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NFL rules 8.7.2 BACKWARD PASS OUT OF BOUNDS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;If a backward pass goes out of bounds between the goal lines, the ball is dead (7-6-2-a), and it is next put in play at the inbounds spot. Rule 11 governs if a backward pass is declared dead behind the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NFL rules 4.4 STOPPING THE GAME CLOCK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;The game clock operator shall stop the game clock (timeout) upon a signal by any official or upon the operator’s own positive knowledge:[...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    (c) when the ball is out of bounds;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NFL rules 4.3.2 SCRIMMAGE DOWN&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(f) If a fumble or backward pass by any player goes out of bounds, the game clock starts on the Referee’s signal that a ball has been returned to the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is a minimal time gain possible, considering the time it takes for the ref to get the ball when the player is tackled in bounds, at the risk of losing a few yards and possibly the opponents stopping the ball before the sideline and avancing with it (even if it touched the ground in bounds, it still is a life ball)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16129" LastEditorUserId="16129" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T23:42:08.587" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T23:42:08.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20290" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-01T12:07:28.680" Score="1" ViewCount="723" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vox.com/2014/7/3/5868115/most-popular-sports-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; shows an image where most popular sport by country can be checked. It's a bit old (from 2006), but I guess not old enough for having changed a lot since then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, soccer is the most famous sport worldwide by far, I haven't calculated it precisely, but easily 2/3 of the world population live in countries where soccer is  the most famous sport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What factors have brought soccer to be so famous worldwide? I'd like a brief explanation of why it has expanded so much at cost of other sports, as, although I don't know exactly what were in old times the most famous sports in other countries, it's sure that it's not like a lot of them got to develop soccer or something similar on their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12023" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T19:49:24.637" Title="Why has soccer become so famous worldwide?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20290" CreationDate="2018-10-01T12:16:50.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic rules are simple, it can be played almost anywhere, for the game you only need a ball, even two players are enough.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So almost everyone can play it almost anywhere without any special equipment. This makes football affordable and accessible for anyone and thus so popular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course the worldwide broadcasting of major international competitions makes the game even more popular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15689" LastActivityDate="2018-10-01T12:16:50.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20290" CreationDate="2018-10-02T17:38:52.560" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the answer. Not to mention the Federation has split up with many small regional confederations where a lot of the countries can participate. Not all the countries participating are good or maybe not all have international exposure but in one way or another, the game has become popular among the masses for its simplicity and ease of play. All you need is a ball a wall or another player and off you go. Here you can find the rankings for all the countries that are registered or have participated in some sort of tournament help by FIFA. I know the list has grown somewhat in the past years with new countries forming a national team and being added to the ranks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/ranking-table/men/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/ranking-table/men/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16138" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T17:38:52.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20193" CreationDate="2018-10-03T08:04:33.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good way to start off with the behind the back crossover is to simplify the move as much as possible, and eventually add more complexity to it as you improve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For most players, it will be easier to crossover behind the back when your hands and shoulders are closer to the ground. This involves bending your knees, which also creates more space so that the ball does not hit the back of your legs as you perform the move. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bend your knees and lean forward with your hands behind your back and low to the ground. Now tap the ball back and forth between your hands from a short distance until this becomes easy. You can then expand how far your hands are apart from each other, as well as how far your hands are off the ground. And then you can begin lifting your knees as well as implementing more difficult tricks such as lateral movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For starting off, trying to make the move as simple as possible and then continually adding more and more complexity and diversity will help you get very good at this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15766" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T08:04:33.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18594" CreationDate="2018-10-03T08:15:14.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way I'm reading this rule based on its text is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If no subsequent timeouts are taken prior to 2:59, it shall be&#xA;  mandatory for the Official Scorer to take it and charge it to the team&#xA;  not previously charged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if Team A takes a timeout at 9:45 and Team B takes a timeout at 7:20, then team A should be charged for the timeout at next deadball of 2:59. Because Team B was the team that was &quot;previously charged&quot; with a timeout. And Team A was the team that was &quot;not previously charged&quot; with a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'm answering this question based solely off of how the text is written in this quotation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15766" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T08:15:14.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-03T13:41:48.773" Score="3" ViewCount="934" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a time limit within which you have to serve the ball?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I experienced a strange game where one of the players just turned his back (as he was about to serve) to his opponent and said you took too long to serve. Everyone around me said to replay the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this correct as he &quot;wasn't ready&quot; or is this the server's point as he composed himself before serving?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was an odd situation and I can't find any official rules about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16144" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T08:20:07.690" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T08:20:07.690" Title="Time limit to serve" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20299" CreationDate="2018-10-03T13:57:39.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF handbook&lt;/a&gt; says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4.4 Intervals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4.4.1 Play shall be &lt;strong&gt;continuous&lt;/strong&gt; throughout an individual match except that any player is entitled to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4.4.1.1 an interval of up to 1 minute between successive games of an individual match;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.4.4.1.2 brief intervals for towelling after every 6 points from the start of each game and at the change of ends in the last possible game of an individual match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, yes, there is a time limit, but not a specified one. This is basically decided by the umpire; if he/she thinks a player is taking too long to serve, a warning can be issued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T13:57:39.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-03T21:14:38.940" Score="2" ViewCount="16216" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a free hit, suppose the ball hits the bails and dislodges them, then goes to the wicketkeeper's hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they then remove a stump from the ground while the batsman is out of their crease, is this out or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16145" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-22T19:27:45.517" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T19:27:45.517" Title="Can a batter be out stumped on a free hit?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2018-10-03T22:38:10.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this is not out.  A batsmen can only be out from a free hit from the methods you can be out from a no ball.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-21-no-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21 No Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not include stumped.  Stumped is defined in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-39-stumped/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39&lt;/a&gt; and involves the wicket keeper without the actions of another fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the answer of not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T22:38:10.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18092" CreationDate="2018-10-03T22:45:06.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling to find a reference but the answer would be no.  The statistics would remain, the logic would be that those must have been legitimate deliveries as the umpire/s did not no ball them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the evidence this is supported by Muralis statistics from the match where he was called for throwing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T22:45:06.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20307" CreationDate="2018-10-04T05:14:41.140" Score="-1" ViewCount="2418" Body="&lt;p&gt;Including with respect to a tiebreak game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T05:55:03.037" Title="When do you switch ends of the court in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-10-04T09:11:21.203" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18594" CreationDate="2018-10-04T05:27:19.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's my interpretation of the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There must be at least two timeouts taken in each period.  These timeouts will be longer than any later timeouts in the period (by an amount that depends on television coverage).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One of these two timeouts must be prior to 6:59 or one will be forced.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both of these timeouts must be prior to 2:59 or one will be forced.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the question's scenario, if both teams have taken a timeout in the first 5 minutes of the quarter, they will together complete the mandatory timeouts.  Television has been able to run the long ad packages and no further must be taken in that period.  So no timeout is forced and no team is charged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is only one timeout prior to 2:59 (whether forced by the official or otherwise), then the team that has not taken one yet in the period will be charged with a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, lets take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://stats.nba.com/game/0021700104/playbyplay/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oct 31, 2017 Pistons - Lakers&lt;/a&gt; game.  In the second quarter, three timeouts were taken in the first four minutes of the quarter.  No other timeouts are shown for the rest of the quarter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(stats.nba.com is not perfect, and I've found some data errors there before, so it would be nice if someone knows of another site where I could confirm the timeout information).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T05:27:19.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20305" CreationDate="2018-10-04T05:49:52.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/19900/10583&quot;&gt;This question&lt;/a&gt; covers everything but the tiebreak: players switch sides after every odd game in the set and after every set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within a tiebreak, players switch sides after &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; 6 points played. At least, that's the case in major tournaments; local rules may differ:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Tiebreaker Changeovers&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two different types of tiebreakers -- one used in major tournaments and another sometimes used in United States Tennis Association play -- both require frequent changeovers. The first is the classic 12-point tiebreaker when the set score is tied at six games. The first player to win seven points and be two points ahead wins the set. Players switch sides after every six points. The Coman tiebreaker works the same way except players change sides after the first point and every subsequent four points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livestrong.com/article/142038-tennis-rules-switching-sides/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T05:55:03.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2018-10-04T12:12:15.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jimmy McGrory scored more goals in 1 season than Bican did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He holds the British record for the most goals in a season and and Bican played for 8 different clubs while McGrory only played for 1 until he was loaned out for one year to finish his career at Clydebank. Bican also played for 3 national sides, none of which he scored more goals than caps. Jimmy McGrory's record for Scotland was small but 6 goals in 7 games is not too shabby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6TVhQ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16150" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-10-04T19:44:39.047" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T19:44:39.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-05T14:55:03.717" Score="0" ViewCount="1559" Body="&lt;p&gt;After pocketing the last ball, the cue ball bounces back to pot the 8 ball, leaving my opponent with 4 object balls. In this situation, who is considered to be the winner? Is it the  the opponent or me, because he is remaining with 4 balls not potted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16157" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2018-10-05T15:56:23.927" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T05:34:37.033" Title="Sinking my last ball with a back shot where cue ball bounces back to to pot the black ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20299" CreationDate="2018-10-05T18:25:23.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an umpire and a player, I've never encountered this scenario, but I can see where it might occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The play should have been called a let and replayed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.9.1.2 if the service is delivered when the receiving player or pair is not ready,&#xA;provided that neither the receiver nor his or her partner attempts to strike&#xA;the ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you served and the player made no attempt to return the serve and claimed that you took too long, it could be argued that it should be played as a let.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule was actually meant more for when a player serves when the receiver is clearly not ready to receive, but if you make an attempt to return the serve, you cannot call a let.  This has happened to me personally many times because I am legally blind (no peripheral vision) and I am focused upon getting ready to get in my stance/position but the server sometimes will not look at me to confirm, with eye contact, that I'm ready and serve before I am set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't appear to be what happened in this case, but the idea is the same.  If your opponent attempted to return your serve, but claimed you took too long, too bad on his/her part, it's your point.  If they did not attempt to return the serve, it's a let.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2018-10-05T18:25:23.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20315" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20338" CreationDate="2018-10-06T17:43:59.380" Score="2" ViewCount="1389" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a basketball player shoots a 3-point shot, I've noticed that a referee will raise one arm straight over his head while the ball is in the air. This presumably signals to everyone that the shot is, indeed, a 3-pointer and not a 2-pointer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why does the ref always raise the other arm straight overhead when the shot goes in? There's clearly no need to give any indication that the shot actually was good - &lt;em&gt;everyone&lt;/em&gt; knows that. The player who shot the ball knows it, the other team knows it, the other refs know it...&lt;em&gt;everyone&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an additional curiosity, they don't do that when a player makes a 2-point shot or a free throw. So why that extra (and seemingly useless) arm motion for a made 3-point shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16160" LastActivityDate="2018-10-11T18:27:05.473" Title="Why does a basketball ref raise the second arm when a 3-pt shot falls?" Tags="|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20318" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-07T18:58:53.877" Score="-3" ViewCount="527" Body="&lt;p&gt;On October 6, 2018, the Bills, Lions, Browns and Jets all won. When was the last time the Bills, Lions, Browns, &amp;amp; Jets won on the same day? Or even the same week?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16164" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T11:38:18.997" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T11:38:18.997" Title="When was the last time the Bills, Lions, Browns, &amp; Jets won on the same day?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14029" CreationDate="2018-10-07T23:14:38.497" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it goes back to the fifties when the cleats were nailed to the sole of the shoes. The leather of the cleats would wear and expose the nail ends. That is what the referee would look for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16165" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T23:14:38.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20331" CreationDate="2018-10-08T03:16:46.053" Score="0" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Washington Capitals dominantly beat the Boston Bruins 7 to 0 on their opening game of 2018 season. The Capitals won the Stanley Cup the previous season for the first time in their team history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top 5 biggest opening game wins by the defending NHL champions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T13:03:30.127" Title="Biggest opening game wins by Stanley Cup defending Champions" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20312" CreationDate="2018-10-08T15:16:23.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In standard BCA ruling (Billiards Congress of America), this would be a loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If at any time you pocket the 8-ball, before the rest of your 7 object balls (solids/stripes), or during the shot on your last object ball, the game would end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cue-ball must come to a stop after your last object ball has dropped before you can take a legal shot at the 8-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16167" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-20T05:34:37.033" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T05:34:37.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20325" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20326" CreationDate="2018-10-08T19:26:23.353" Score="2" ViewCount="8388" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Browns just finishing their third overtime game this season (in week 5), does anybody know what is the most overtime games played by a single team during a season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sportsdelve.wordpress.com/2011/08/22/a-complete-record-of-nfl-overtime/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This page&lt;/a&gt; seems to have a lot of data on overtime, but seems to miss this particular stat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16171" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T07:39:13.417" Title="Most overtime games for a team during a season" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20325" CreationDate="2018-10-08T19:47:13.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Green Bay Packers were involved in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1983&amp;amp;year_max=1983&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;temperature_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;overtime=Y&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;order_by=game_date&amp;amp;team_id=gnb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 overtime games in 1983&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using Pro Football Reference's Team Game Finder, the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=season&amp;amp;year_min=1940&amp;amp;year_max=2018&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;temperature_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;overtime=Y&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;order_by=game_date&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;query&lt;/a&gt; I used was: &quot;In a single season, from 1940 to 2018, in the Regular Season, game went to overtime, sorted by most games in season matching criteria.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T19:47:13.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20329" CreationDate="2018-10-08T20:03:04.333" Score="8" ViewCount="1089" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player receives a red card during the final of a football tournament and leaves the pitch, can he goes back and celebrate the title, if his team wins? Do you remember such a case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T07:19:40.623" Title="Celebrate title after red card" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20328" CreationDate="2018-10-09T06:35:39.863" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes; the French player Marcel Desailly got sent off during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_Final#Details&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 World Cup final against Brasil&lt;/a&gt; but there are many pictures of him celebrating, like the one below (he's the one in the blue shirt with number 8):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qvYPC.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qvYPC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-13/desailly-laps-it-up-after-france-beat-brazil-in-1998-world-cup-/5449408&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;: ABC News, Getty Images, Lutz Bongarts)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T06:35:39.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20328" CreationDate="2018-10-09T07:19:40.623" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Schalke 04 vs Bayer Leverkusen [&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_DFB-Pokal_Final&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001-02 DFB Pokal final (4-2)&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Victor Agali got sent off and went back on the pitch to celebrate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/21zi7l.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/21zi7l.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Image source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-fN-Ipnvus&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T07:19:40.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20320" CreationDate="2018-10-09T12:19:24.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shamelessly stealing from &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/PR_NHL/status/1047818671098400768&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL's Public Relations department&lt;/a&gt; (which is a plenty reliable source) plus using Pro Hockey Reference game logs for verification and goal difference, here are the top 5 biggest opening game wins by defending Stanley Cup Champions (the year being the calendar year the respective team won the Stanley Cup):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1976 Montreal Canadiens: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/197610070MTL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9 goals&lt;/a&gt; (10-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1965 Montreal Canadiens: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/196510230MTL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7 goals&lt;/a&gt; (8-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2018 Washington Capitals: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201810030WSH.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7 goals&lt;/a&gt; (7-0)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1942 Toronto Maple Leafs: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/194210310TOR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 goals&lt;/a&gt; (7-2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1938 Chicago Black Hawks: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/193811030CBH.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 goals&lt;/a&gt; (6-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T13:03:30.127" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T13:03:30.127" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20332" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-10T09:35:10.157" Score="2" ViewCount="3171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm designing a football (soccer) tournament for youth sides, and there are nine teams playing. When this was done before, byes were given to 7 teams, in a single elimination tournament.  This is probably what we will do again, but it previously caused complaints from the two teams that didn't get a bye in the first round. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a tournament design that keeps the good qualities of single elimination, but avoids byes, and is more manifestly &quot;fair&quot; to all teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantages of a single elimination tournament with 2^n teams are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a stronger team always beats a weaker one, then the strongest team is certain to win. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All teams have equal opportunity to win: if every match is a coin toss, then every team would have the same probability of winning. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is an exciting final.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are relatively few matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The number of rounds is known in advance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Points 1 and 2 make the tournament &quot;fair&quot;, 3 makes it &quot;exciting&quot;, 4 and 5 make it &quot;convenient&quot;. If byes are used, then a single elimination tournament fails point 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior research:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A league structure in which every team plays every other team is fair, but there is no final and there are a large number of matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Swiss-style competition still has trouble with an odd number of teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A groups + knockout is possible for 12 teams (four groups of 3, followed by knockout of the four winners), but not for an odd number.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I thought of a tournament in which the teams play in a circle: A v. B,  B v. C ... H v. I,  I v. A.  (so every team plays twice in the first round) Those teams that win both matches would then play in a second round and third round if required.  This avoids byes, but there might be no &quot;final&quot; and the number of rounds wouldn't be known in advance (it is also possible for no team to win both matches, but this would be unusual).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to design a tournament that is fair, exciting and convenient for a number of teams that is not a power of two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12855" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T11:38:09.337" Title="Design a tournament that avoids byes" Tags="|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20332" CreationDate="2018-10-10T10:24:42.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pools leading into knockout are perfectly possible with an odd number of teams; you simply have one more team in one of the pools. This provides a direct competition loser, with the remaining places deciding appropriate final positions for all other teams (final is A1 v B1, third/fourth is A2 v B2, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so desired, the top four teams can be crossed over in semifinals, or the top eight in quarterfinals. This has a known number of matches, requires only half the number of byes and half the number of rounds of a complete round robin, and provides for finals, but assigns a bye to every team in one pool, plus one additional bye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically for nine teams, divide them by either random sorting into, or by seeding in some manner that gives a balanced set of, three primary pools of three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each primary pool plays a complete round robin, giving three winners, three runners-up and three losers who form the corresponding secondary pools. Each secondary pool plays an additional complete round robin. This gives a ranking for each team, who are paired 1 v 2, 3 v 4, etc. in the finals. All teams have played seven matches except for the last-place team who receive the only bye in the finals round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, designing tournaments to satisfy these specific conditions requires significant thought in advance and, when dealing with larger numbers of teams, can involve decision-making that affects the structure in fundamental ways. This is the subject of lengthy documents used by a range of sporting organisations and would be inappropriate to replicate here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T10:24:42.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20318" CreationDate="2018-10-10T13:22:46.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using Pro Football Reference's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=2012&amp;amp;year_max=2012&amp;amp;game_type=R&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;temperature_gtlt=lt&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;order_by=game_date&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Team Game Finder&lt;/a&gt; with the query: &quot;In a single game, in 2012, in the Regular Season, team won game, sorted by descending Date,&quot; the answer is October 14, 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jets over Colts 35-9 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201210140nyj.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lions over Eagles 26-23 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201210140phi.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Browns over Bengals 34-24 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201210140cle.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bills over Cardinals 19-16 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201210140crd.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Box Score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-10-10T14:58:54.690" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T14:58:54.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20332" CreationDate="2018-10-11T06:30:52.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 groups of 3 teams  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Round robin play per group  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Winners of the group advance to championship bracket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runner-ups placed in wild card group  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Losers in consolation group&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Round robin play for both wild card and consolation groups&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Winner of runner-up group moves on to championship bracket as fourth team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that you could play around with it have a losers bracket etc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just have tiebreakers ready since group play isn’t always clear cut&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T11:38:09.337" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T11:38:09.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20315" CreationDate="2018-10-11T18:27:05.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have refereed and taught referees for 20+ years.   I am talking about US rules interpretation - albeit I don't think international rules/standards are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should not raise one arm as a referee on a 3-point attempt.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;raising one arm signifies to start or stop the clock.   The scorer's table could be confused.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;raising one arm also could mean the player was fouled while shooting.   If there was a close play were a foul might have happened and I drew up my right arm hard on the three point shot attempt a good coach would correctly hassle me and say &quot;where is the whistle?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why do some refs raise an arm up on an attempt?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;showmanship&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;laziness - does this to remind himself that it was a 3-pointer so that he raises both arms after shot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in some cases when it is a close call a referee may do so to indicate that it is a three point attaempt.  In my opinion this is the only suitable situation to do it although I do not agree with its application.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What should a referee do?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Raise two hands after a successful three point shot.   This tells the scorers table to put a three in.   The scorer's table will automatically count a made basket as two without the raised arms - even if a player is 10 feet beyond the line, if the scorer's table counts that as a 3 without a referee signaling with two arms or verbally saying &quot;3&quot; to them then the scorer's table is not doing their job.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why I do not like to teach ref's to hold up an arm on a &quot;close 3 point attempt&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is simply because it is a distraction of a possible foul call.   Also when doing high school and lower games or even small college games you want to be clear to everyone.   The best approach to this, and what is taught to ref's in the US if they want to communicate to the crowd/benches is that hold your arm down with two fingers to indicate that a player stepped over the line on a close attempt and holding three fingers with an arm in a more outstretched position (not straight out but I would say maybe 45 degrees) gives a good preface for a three point attempt.   These are not in the basketball rulebook but would be taught locally to referees as best practices (referees are not required to do this).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-10-11T18:27:05.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20340" CreationDate="2018-10-11T19:18:52.150" Score="4" ViewCount="1221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who are the footballers with most free kicks scored? We all remember Juninho Pernambucano, but who else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-03-10T07:38:58.650" LastActivityDate="2023-09-08T07:25:14.900" Title="Footballers with most free kicks scored" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20339" CreationDate="2018-10-11T19:18:52.150" Score="7" Body="&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Goals&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Juninho Pernambucano&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;77&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Pelé&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Víctor Legrotaglie&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;66&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Ronaldinho Gaúcho&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;66&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;65&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;David Beckham&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;65&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diego Armando Maradona&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Zico&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;60&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Ronald Koeman&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;60&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Rogério Ceni&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;59&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Marcelinho Carioca&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;59&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Kostas Frantzeskos&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;57&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Last update: 8 September 2023&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sport-english.com/en/news/barca/the-free-kick-record-lionel-messi-may-never-beat-6745078&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sport&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190602141912/https://www.sport-english.com/en/news/barca/the-free-kick-record-lionel-messi-may-never-beat-6745078&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://messi.starplayerstats.com/en/goals/0/0/all/0/0/0/t/f/all/0/0/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Messi Stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10849" LastEditorUserId="10849" LastEditDate="2023-09-08T07:25:14.900" LastActivityDate="2023-09-08T07:25:14.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20341" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-12T16:23:56.040" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have similar question for men: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5701&quot;&gt;Who is the best striker (best goals/appearances ratio) with 25/50/100+ national caps?&lt;/a&gt; So it seems quite natural to ask about women, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which female footballers have the highest goal/matches ratio when playing for the national team? Are there players with more goals than than caps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid statistical outliers (e.g., a player who only played one match and scored two goals), it seems natural to add some restrictions. For examples, looking at players who have at least 25/50/100 caps. (Similarely as in the linked question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at Wikipedia page &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women%27s_footballers_with_100_or_more_international_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of women's footballers with 100 or more international goals&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_women%27s_footballers_with_100_or_more_international_goals&amp;amp;oldid=863660894&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) it seems that in the category 100+ there are no players with more goals than caps. Although both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetta_Vignotto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elisabetta Vignotto&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marta&lt;/a&gt; got rather close to 1 goal per match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T05:21:28.150" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T03:07:57.470" Title="Which female football players have highest goal per game ratio for national team?" Tags="|football|trivia|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="889" CreationDate="2018-10-13T07:48:14.587" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stephen Hendry held the record during his first crucible maxi, 27 April 1995 the paper listed his prize money for everything in that tournament he would get and it was a lot of money, the £147000 for the 147 alone is more than most tournaments certainly at least then (Why it was scrapped by Hearn sadly), was hard reading back then always hated Hendry always backed Jimmy White... Don't recall the time he did it in but anyway it wouldn't have been close to Ronnie's. For the old videogameshow Games Master Hendry featured in one celebrity game, where he played a golf game. IIRC he failed his challenge, the host fellow scotsman Dominik Diamond asked him does he know how he'll spend his prize money?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know if anyone beat his speed record between then till Ronnie's first and to date world record, if no one did then that's your answer, Stephen Hendry but I did not commit to memory the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16188" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T07:48:14.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16804" CreationDate="2018-10-13T09:19:53.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the individual pitcher. You are granted 8 pitches when brought in during an inning but while in the bullpen, you basically throw until you're ready and only you know that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16189" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T09:19:53.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19979" CreationDate="2018-10-14T02:43:40.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no rule governing this, but typical practice is to use the last integer yardline that was crossed.  So if you're on your own half of the field and you're at the 42.5 yards, then you're said to be at the 42 yard line; once you cross the 50 and yard numbers decrease as you advance, then if you're at 42.5 yards you've reached the 43-yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also applies to specifying what yard line needs to be reached for a first down, which has the effect that there are &quot;long&quot; and &quot;short&quot; yards.  So, for example, the actual distance on 3rd-and-1 can be very nearly two yards, if e.g. the line to gain is at 42.9 (so 42) and you're currently at 41.1 (so 41).  Conversely, you can have two yards to go whose actual distance is closer to 1 yard, if you're at 41.9 (so 41) and you need to reach 43.1 (which is stated as 43).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13195" LastEditorUserId="13195" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T16:31:04.477" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T16:31:04.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5761" CreationDate="2018-10-14T09:35:47.907" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Josef Bican with almost 1.500 goals in 900 matches at the highest peak. With Benefit and friendlies he had scored a estimated 4.500 -&#xA;5.500 official goals. Also when he played for the worst national team he beat France, Germany, England, Italy and Spain and always scored two or three or more goals. You can see he played in a bad league but his Team won against the best defensive teams in world like Juventus or Inter Milan or AC Milan with 8-1 or 10-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16193" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T18:59:17.897" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T18:59:17.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20350" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-14T18:52:12.223" Score="0" ViewCount="1408" Body="&lt;p&gt;A basketball team fields 6 players, they score four points before the violation is noticed. What is the correct decision by the officials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16195" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T19:57:47.063" Title="A basketball team fields 6 players and scores 4 points before the extra player is noticed. What should the officials do" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2018-10-14T19:50:20.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which league is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In FIBA, the points are valid, a technical foul is given to the coach, registered as &quot;B1&quot;, and 1 of the players must leave the court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: FIBA Interpretations 36-7 and 36-8&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;36-7 Statement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After it is discovered that a team is participating&#xA;  with more than 5 players, it is also  discovered that points have been&#xA;  scored or a foul has been committed by a player of this team  while&#xA;  participating illegally. All such points shall remain valid and any&#xA;  foul(s) committed by (or  against) that player shall be considered as&#xA;  player fouls. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;36-8 Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With the game clock running, team A has 6&#xA;  players on the playing court. This is  discovered and the game is&#xA;  interrupted after: (a) A1 commits an offensive foul. (b) A1 scores a&#xA;  field goal. (c) B1 fouls A1 during his unsuccessful shot for a field&#xA;  goal. (d) The sixth player has left the playing court. Interpretation:&#xA;  (a) A1’s foul is a player foul. (b) A1’s field goal shall count. (c)&#xA;  A1 shall attempt 2 or 3 free throws. (a), (b) and (c) The sixth team A&#xA;  player must leave the playing court. In all cases, in addition a&#xA;  technical foul shall be charged against coach A, recorded as 'B1'. (d)&#xA;  A technical foul shall be charged against coach A, recorded as 'B1'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NBA instead, after the free-throw for the technical foul, the coach of the other team (the one who had the correct number of players) is given the option to nullify the points or to resume the game as it was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Rule no. 12 (A) Section III&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section III—Number of Players &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. If the ball is put into play and&#xA;  remains in play with one team having six or more players on the court,&#xA;  a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul will be assessed on the team with&#xA;  too many players and such team would lose possession if it had&#xA;  possession at the time the violation was discovered. Immediately&#xA;  following the free throw awarded for the technical foul, the team with&#xA;  the correct number of players will instruct the Crew Chief to:&#xA;  (1)resume play from the point in time when the technical foul was&#xA;  assessed, under the same conditions as would have prevailed had there&#xA;  been no error with a throw-in, jump ball or foul shot, as appropriate.&#xA;  If the ball is to be put into play with a throw-in, the  team who shot&#xA;  the free throw will be awarded possession unless that team just scored&#xA;  and the error was discovered prior to the throw-in being released by&#xA;  the team with six  or more players. (2) nullify all play that occurred&#xA;  from the point in time when the ball was put into play with one team&#xA;  having six or more players on the court and ending when the technical&#xA;  foul was assessed, reset the game and shot clock to the point in time&#xA;  when the ball was put into play, and if the ball was put into play by:&#xA;  (a) a throw-in, the ball shall be returned to the original throw-in&#xA;  spot with the ball  awarded to the team with the correct number of&#xA;  players, or (b) a missed free throw that remained in play, a jump ball&#xA;  shall be held at center court  between any two players in the game, or&#xA;  (c) a jump ball, the ball shall be returned to the original jump ball&#xA;  spot and a jump  ball held with the same two players. EXCEPTION: Acts&#xA;  of unsportsmanlike conduct and all flagrant fouls, and points scored&#xA;  from any resulting free throws, shall not be nullified. b. Other&#xA;  errors involving the wrong number of players at the start of play,&#xA;  four or less,  will be penalized with a non-unsportsmanlike technical&#xA;  foul and play shall resume from the point-of-interruption. EXCEPTION&#xA;  to a and b: If the violation occurs on (1) a free throw attempt which&#xA;  is to be followed by another free throw attempt, or (2) a free throw&#xA;  attempt that is not going to remain in play, (3) throw-in before the&#xA;  ball is released, (4) prior to a personal foul being assessed, or (5)&#xA;  jump ball before the ball is released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="14151" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T19:57:47.063" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T19:57:47.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20287" CreationDate="2018-10-15T03:21:11.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The above answer is incomplete if not outright incorrect.  It's not just that it won't work--doing so would actually make the situation worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;NFL Rules 4.7.1 ILLEGAL ACTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A team is not permitted to conserve time after the two-minute warning of either half by committing any of these acts:&#xA;    ...&#xA;    (d) throwing a backward pass out of bounds&#xA;    ...&#xA;    Penalty: For Illegally Conserving Time: Loss of five yards unless a larger distance penalty is applicable.&#xA;    When actions referred to above are committed by the offensive team while time is in, officials will run off 10 seconds from the game clock before permitting the ball to be put in play on the ready-for-play signal unless another rule prescribes otherwise. The game clock will start on the ready-for-play signal. If the offensive team has timeouts remaining, it will have the option of using a timeout in lieu of a 10-second runoff, in which case the game clock will start on the snap after the timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So not only does such an act risk recovery by the defense, it will not successfully conserve time and will in fact make the situation worse as (a) it will take a significant chunk of time off the clock with the; (b) the clock will start on ready-for-play rather than on the snap; and (c) there is a five-yard penalty on top of all that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13195" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T03:21:11.220" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15299" CreationDate="2018-10-15T03:35:55.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you say &quot;lob,&quot; are you saying that he throws the pass in a very very high vertical arc, so that the passer has plenty of time to get under it before it comes back down (as opposed to a tipped-ball situation)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case, at least under NFL rules pass interference restrictions would apply as normal, once the passer-receiver gets at least one yard beyond the LoS (strictly speaking, it's the &lt;em&gt;violator&lt;/em&gt; that has to be at least one yard beyond the LoS, regardless of where the fouled individual is located; but as a practical matter they're going to be really really close to one another):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the NFL rulebook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 5 - Pass Interference&#xA;  Article 1. Definition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;It is pass interference by either team when any act by a player more than one yard beyond the line of scrimmage significantly hinders an eligible player’s opportunity to catch the ball. Pass interference can only occur when a forward pass is thrown from behind the line of scrimmage, regardless of whether the pass is legal or illegal, or whether it crosses the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Defensive pass interference rules apply from the time the ball is thrown until the ball is touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, for it to be a legal pass, he'd have to be behind the line, where there is no pass interference--though defensive holding, defenseless player, and roughing-the-passer rules would of course still apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13195" LastEditorUserId="13195" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T03:41:05.550" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T03:41:05.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4546" CreationDate="2018-10-15T23:38:59.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can make huge strides in even three weeks assuming you're practicing every day. Three months is enough time to reach 4.5 level.  Kids progress the fastest. A motivated kid can go from a complete beginner to a somewhat advanced player in three months. My daughter (and I) teaches tennis and has a little Asian boy who is 8 years old, He has all of the fundamentals of his ground strokes down and is way ahead of untrained recreational players who have been playing for 25 years. He's been playing for only few months. Tennis isn't that difficult. It's the discipline to practice ten times more and ten times longer than you think you need to that's difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16197" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T23:38:59.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20357" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-16T17:45:22.043" Score="5" ViewCount="1589" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can I change my playing hand anytime in the game? What is the specific rule for hand change in table tennis? Is it allowed to play using one paddle by holding it any of the hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16202" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-16T18:48:49.193" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T23:04:01.160" Title="Table tennis change of hand" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17257" CreationDate="2018-10-16T19:21:56.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles, you must always serve from the right half of the server's side  with the ball going diagonally to the right half of the opposite side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The image in the question is an incorrect serve as you never serve from the left half (Player B in image question), but instead Player B also serves from the right half to the opposite right half but with Player 2 as the receiver (like the yellow arrow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1MA8k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1MA8k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Doubles Server Format&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16204" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2022-03-15T10:18:02.097" LastActivityDate="2022-03-15T10:18:02.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-17T03:42:43.323" Score="1" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the first time in the history of the MLB, the 2018 season saw the total number of batter hits be less than strikeouts.  See chart below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hits have consistently been about 10,000+ higher than strikeouts for the last 40 years.  Then, starting around 2009-2010, they have gradually decreased until this season, where strikeouts league-wide were more than hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this?  Is it a symptom of umpiring somehow?  I don't think it's steroids - it seems once a month a pitcher's name is called out for a lengthy suspension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SY6Ej.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SY6Ej.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hits Ks and HRs&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T15:10:15.180" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T16:59:23.530" Title="What is the cause for MLB regular season strikeouts to be more than hits?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2018-10-17T08:15:16.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players on the serving team can take any legal position on the court they want, but they cannot jump around, wave their arms, or move laterally during the execution of the service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player on the receiving team can't see the server, it's his/her responsibility to move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A screening call would only be whistled a fault if the &lt;em&gt;trajectory of the ball's flight&lt;/em&gt; passes from the server, &lt;em&gt;over&lt;/em&gt; the player/players and to the other side. So, if you have 2-3 guys bunched at the net near position III, but the service goes straight down the sideline, a screening fault would not be whistled, because the ball didn't travel over the people at the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, since neither the 1st or 2nd ref have a good enough angle to see the trajectory of the ball - especially at the higher levels of competition - screening is rarely whistled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a rule without teeth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16207" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T08:15:16.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20359" CreationDate="2018-10-17T11:53:32.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it isn't a new idea, there is a huge trend in current hitting philosophy to try to hit home runs on every swing. Launch angles, true outcomes, etc. As a consequence, striking out is much more acceptable than before and players aren't choking up on the bat and just trying to make contact anymore. So there's been a steady increase of strikeouts in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T11:53:32.743" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20359" CreationDate="2018-10-17T13:17:02.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is probably no single reason for the increase in strikeouts, but a combination of things that have added up over the years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most important reason though is that pitchers are throwing harder now than they ever have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See this article from Craig Edwards at Fangraphs: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/dont-blame-hitters-for-all-the-strikeouts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fangraphs.com/blogs/dont-blame-hitters-for-all-the-strikeouts/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He shows that fastball velocity is highly correlated with strikeout rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is also possible, however, that changing their approaches might lead hitters to produce less valuable outcomes or, worse, abandon the very strengths that allowed them to become major leaguers in the first place. That isn’t fair to hitters. What I’d like to posit here is a much simpler explanation for the rise in strikeouts — namely, that pitchers are too good.&#xA;  Fastball velocity has increased at a steady rate, some of that due to the rise of relief innings around the league and some of it probably to dramatic improvements in training and development. That’s not really the point of this post, though. The point of this post is to discuss one particular cause of the increase in strikeouts that likely has little to do with launch angle or players trying to hit home runs, but rather the talent level of the pitchers and a change in philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a7QJN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a7QJN.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9551" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T13:17:02.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20357" CreationDate="2018-10-17T16:44:28.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked through the rule book and there does not appear to be any rule addressing this specifically.  Since it is not addressed, it is safe to assume that it is indeed legal to change racquet hand/free hand during a game, and apparently even during a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are specific rules that apply to raquet hand and others to free hand, but there is nothing specific about that being a static thing (unchanging).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T17:45:25.290" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T17:45:25.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20359" CreationDate="2018-10-17T16:59:23.530" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had a discussion just now with a colleague whom I've been at odds over one subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For years I fought for the honest ballplayer, and have damned any who use steroids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this data shows the effect of rigorous steroid testing.  If what we have heard about Barry Bonds is true, that under the influence of PEDs he could see the ball better and make solid contact on a more consistent basis, then maybe the reduction of steroids league-wide is causing this lack of ability of players to make contact over the last 10 years (during which the same time, drug testing has been implemented and is scaring players to play honestly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a footnote, I will say, I may have changed my mind.  If a player wants to perform at some godly level, let him abuse his body as he pleases.  I may not have liked Bonds' persona, but it was damned exciting seeing the fireworks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T16:59:23.530" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20368" CreationDate="2018-10-17T18:33:36.347" Score="2" ViewCount="1446" Body="&lt;p&gt;For an NBA game, I see a market for Spread and one for Winning Margin. The Spread market lists &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Team A -5.5: 10/11&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. The Winning Margin markets lists &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Team A, 6 points or more: 3/4&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Shouldn't the odds for these two best be equal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16210" LastActivityDate="2023-07-02T05:30:58.307" Title="Relationship between Winning Margin and Point Spread in NBA Betting" Tags="|basketball|betting|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20367" CreationDate="2018-10-17T18:48:03.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no fundamental reason they should be equal, because a bookies' job isn't to accurately reflect the chance of a team winning: it's to &lt;em&gt;make as much money as possible for the bookie&lt;/em&gt;. If a bookie has taken too much money on one side of a line, they'll move the odds and/or the line to encourage punters to bet the other side of the line; bookies really don't like a situation where they're at risk of taking a significant loss if one result or another happens - their desired situation is if they have equal exposure on either result, and then they're guaranteed a nice profit thanks to their cut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T18:48:03.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18392" CreationDate="2018-10-18T08:16:13.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The article Philip refers to also kinda answers the question. &#xA;They rarely need to play the sweep in India, and most in the current squad are uncomfortable with it. Pujara prefers to come down even for a single, Rahane prefers to stay back. Kohli does sweep at times, but he doesn't need to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While they did try to learn  to sweep Moeen away according to the article, it makes sense to stick to your tried and tested methods. It's a different matter they didn't work very well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16212" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T08:16:13.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20370" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-18T13:20:50.693" Score="3" ViewCount="996" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major league rules. What happens if team used the entire roster and now a player gets hurt ??? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16215" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T16:44:02.687" LastActivityDate="2021-06-13T04:46:46.620" Title="MLB rule on subs for injuries after you used the entire roster" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20370" CreationDate="2018-10-18T15:28:06.110" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player leaves the game he is done.   There are high school rules that are subject to locality that allow a pitcher to reenter the game in a non-pitching role.   However in MLB you get taken out, you are out - I think rule 303.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens when the manager is in the 17th inning and a player gets hurt and there is no one else?   Well this basically can never happen in reality.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because there are 4 other starting pitchers.   So right fielder gets hurt, starting pitcher (that did not pitch this game) plays right field.   If all of your other 4 starting pitchers enter the game and get taken out or if they are hurt... You play with 8 - bylaws will include an automatic out in the lineup.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T16:36:34.993" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T16:36:34.993" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4304" CreationDate="2018-10-18T19:58:53.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Usually it will turn into the wind&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sailboats will turn into the wind and drift downwind (and down current, if any) if the helmsman were to let go of the tiller or wheel steering the boat. If the sailor also released the sails' sheets the vessel would drift slowly downwind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason most sailboats turn into the wind when steering control is released, is that most are designed with a center of effort (from the sails) slightly aft of the center of lateral resistance (from the keel and the rest of the profile below the waterline). One can design a boat, or adjust the sails of the boat, to have more or less weather helm (tendency to steer itself into the wind) or lee helm (tendency to steer off the wind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I have no personal experience with iceboats, the physics are similar and certainly letting go of the sheet will drop most of the force giving it speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T19:58:53.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10747" CreationDate="2018-10-19T02:46:48.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My downhill cycling is limited to short runs that were incidental to the mountain biking trails I was riding, but I have 37 years of downhill skiing experience with only one injury, albeit a serious one, in which I shattered the proximal end of a tibia. It is on that experience and road cycling training that I base my advice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice in an escalating scale of risk is the way to train and part of an athlete's training is learning to assess risk. Every twelve-year-old is different, but at some point in your young athlete's development, if he or she is to be an athlete, the assessment and management of the risk must fall to him or her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My own 8 and 11 year-old children engage in tennis, swimming, ice skating, sailing, soccer, and basketball. They've not been much interested in alpine skiing since my introduction of it starting 8 years ago. American football is off the list for them, and I have reservations about field hockey which have not yet come to a point of requiring a ruling. Just to say I understand your sports reservations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16216" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T02:46:48.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20375" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-19T13:12:56.303" Score="-2" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are women compensated the exact same as men in major tournaments but only play maximum three sets to men's five? I don't find that to be equal? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16219" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T15:01:46.177" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T15:01:46.177" Title="Women's versus Men's pay in majors" Tags="|tennis|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20375" CreationDate="2018-10-19T13:35:13.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because apparently the ITF would like to make a stand by honoring men's and women's effort equally. Obviously, they were not aiming at an equal hourly wage, but at an equal reward for making it to the same round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did you just really sign up to SE to express your concerns about men being discriminated? Don't get me wrong, one can make the point that pay per time is lower for tennis players in major tournaments. But this is quite an uncommon standard in sports. By that standard, decathlon athletes, who arguably train most among all professional athletes (and have very long competitions), should be paid most. Professional football players, on the other hand, rarely spend more than 20 hours per week training and playing, and are paid millions in the best leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="16085" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T17:54:09.600" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T17:54:09.600" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-19T13:43:24.550" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the team receiving the kickoff in overtime drives the ball for almost 10 minutes (unlikely but possible) and then kicks a field goal as the 10 minutes run out? Do they win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16221" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T15:02:16.010" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T15:02:16.010" Title="Nfl overtime rules" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-10-25T10:49:49.957" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20377" CreationDate="2018-10-19T14:30:28.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/05/22/new-overtime-rule-could-let-receiving-team-win-with-just-a-field-goal/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, the Field Goal would be winning the game. It covers pretty much what you have asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#section-1-overtime-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; also cover this situation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There shall be a maximum of one 10-minute period, even if the second&#xA;  team has not had an opportunity to possess the ball or if its initial&#xA;  possession has not ended. If the score is tied at the end of the&#xA;  period, the game shall result in a tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the time runs out the game is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T14:30:28.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20380" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-21T14:44:09.297" Score="2" ViewCount="2410" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching a football match, and a black goalkeeper is guarding one of the goals. This seems to be very rare by my observation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 100m dash, all the recent Olympic and World champions have had Afro-Caribbean ancestry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are so few goalkeepers at high level football black? Is there reputable scientific evidence that indicates a physiological difference between the different races which impacts their goalkeeping ability, or is the difference down to cultural factors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16231" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T23:01:28.133" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T18:08:48.927" Title="Why there are too few black goalkeepers in high-level football?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20383" CreationDate="2018-10-21T23:48:17.967" Score="1" ViewCount="459" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the other day the commentator said a player is in &quot;scoring position&quot; after running to the second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a &quot;scoring position&quot; in baseball/MLB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16220" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T01:15:05.183" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T18:21:54.083" Title="What is a &quot;scoring position&quot; in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2018-10-22T00:17:46.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its just a choice they make when they first start playing. Most of black football players tend to play strikers, midfielders, or defenders. There's definitely a big number of black goalkeepers it's just that they might not be playing in big clubs at the moment (Although there are some that do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Mandanda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Mandanda&lt;/a&gt; - Marseille &amp;amp; France National Team&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Kameni&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carlos Kameni&lt;/a&gt; - Fenerbahçe SK (Turkey)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Uzoho&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Francis Uzoho&lt;/a&gt; - Elche CF  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16233" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-04-30T01:16:59.130" LastActivityDate="2019-04-30T01:16:59.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20381" CreationDate="2018-10-22T02:02:31.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is exactly being at second or third base. The point is that it is (usually) enough to hit a single to score a run by that player, which is not true for players at first base, or home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="777" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T02:02:31.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2018-10-22T02:50:38.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there's also a reverse bias / selection reason. When a certain group is known for certain qualities, either due to fact or stereotypes, the market is more willing to hire people from that group for certain positions, and people from that group in turn are more likely to engage in career path that lead to that certain position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16220" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T02:50:38.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-22T09:48:36.200" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a football match, a forward walks back in an offside position, but not included in any play. Ball gets played from the middle of the pitch, a defender heads it and it goes to the forward&#xA;1 - linesman puts flag up immediately, as the ball is played. Is that too early.&#xA;2 - The forward gets the ball, is he offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16234" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T11:30:38.780" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T11:56:28.210" Title="Offside or not?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20385" CreationDate="2018-10-22T11:56:28.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends on the situation. Assuming that defender tries to save the ball with their header the attacking player would still be in an illegal offside position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/offside/chapters/offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.2:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or&#xA;  touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in&#xA;  active play by: (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar, match&#xA;  official or an opponent    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;been deliberately saved by any opponent&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball (&lt;em&gt;except from a deliberate save by any&#xA;  opponent&lt;/em&gt;) is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is&#xA;  going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except&#xA;  the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If the defender was not just saving the ball (or trying to) the situation would be legal according to this part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent&#xA;  who deliberately plays the ball (&lt;strong&gt;except from a deliberate save by any&#xA;  opponent&lt;/strong&gt;) is not considered to have gained an advantage.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T11:56:28.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20388" CreationDate="2018-10-22T16:54:43.557" Score="5" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which player has scored the greatest number of own goals in the top five European Leagues (as measured by UEFA coefficient: La Liga, Serie A, Premier League, Bundesliga, Ligue 1)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16201" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T18:35:14.143" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T23:47:07.490" Title="Greatest number of own goals in Europe" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20387" CreationDate="2018-10-22T17:18:32.617" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the Premier League it is &lt;strong&gt;Richard Dunne&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldfootball.net/alltime_goalgetter/eng-premier-league/eigentore/1/%22Source%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the Bundesliga there are two players who are tied: &lt;strong&gt;Manfred Kaltz&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;Nikolce Noveski&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/hoffenheim-s-kevin-akpoguma-scores-1000th-bundesliga-own-goal-464057.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source from the Bundesliga Website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For La Liga the top own goal scorer is &lt;strong&gt;Fernando Caceres&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/laliga/eigentorstatistik/wettbewerb/ES1/plus/?saison_id=gesamt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;La Liga Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Serie A there are two players who are tied with 8 own goals: &lt;strong&gt;Riccardo Ferrari&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Franco Baresi&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/serie-a/eigentorstatistik/wettbewerb/IT1/plus/?saison_id=gesamt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source for Serie A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ligue 1 there are a couple of players who are tied for being #1 in own goals. Here are some: &lt;strong&gt;Aly Cissokho&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Anthony Weber&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Damien Da Silva&lt;/strong&gt; all with 4 own goals. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/ligue-1/eigentorstatistik/wettbewerb/FR1/plus/?saison_id=gesamt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source for Ligue 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are looking who the Top Own goal scorer is between these 5 leagues, it would be &lt;strong&gt;Richard Dunne&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;10&lt;/strong&gt; own goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16233" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T23:47:07.490" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T23:47:07.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20381" CreationDate="2018-10-23T18:21:54.083" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a base hit it typically has to get out of the infield so a runner on second can score unless they had to hold for possible caught in the air.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On third runner can typically score on even a caught ball (sacrifice fly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From first not going to score without error(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T18:21:54.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20391" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-24T02:38:22.433" Score="2" ViewCount="573" Body="&lt;p&gt;Khris Davis has had the same batting average for four consecutive years. Have other batters with 100 or more plate appearances in each year done this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16242" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T01:16:01.847" Title="MLB record for consecutive years with an identical batting average (single player)" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20391" CreationDate="2018-10-24T22:35:25.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ALLyc.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ALLyc.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading the article, there is only one other player who managed to have the same batting average for 3 consecutive years. **Mookie Wilson, with .276 from 1983 to 1985.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-most-consistent-hitter-in-baseball-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Most Consistent Hitter In Baseball History by  Michael Salfino and Neil Paine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I don't think there is another player with 4 or 3 years aside from the listed here (Khris Davis &amp;amp; Mookie Wilson) with the same batting average. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16233" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T22:35:25.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-25T02:36:54.160" Score="1" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;On my tennis serve, how do I properly and consistently do the ball toss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-25T04:35:38.697" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T02:53:13.807" Title="What are the fundamentals of a serving toss in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4404" CreationDate="2018-10-25T06:27:34.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Professional bowlers bowl on '&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXA11LoRWaQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sport bowling&lt;/a&gt;', or 'sport shot' lane conditions, where the oil is applied much more evenly to the lane, in comparison with what recreational and league bowlers bowl on, known commonly as a 'house condition', or 'house shot'. On a 'house shot', the middle of the lane is routinely oiled with a &lt;strong&gt;much greater&lt;/strong&gt; amount than what's put down on the outsides of the lane, closer to each of the gutters, or channels.  This is done for the 'house bowlers', so their strike shots stand a much greater chance to reach the strike pocket, even if they miss their targets inside (closer to the headpin), or outside (closer to the gutters). The result is that they get a 'funnel effect': shots outside hit dry earlier, and hook back to the pocket as the ball gets down lane; shots inside hit oil immediately near the foul line and skid almost all the way to the pocket, preventing the ball from getting left of the headpin. Shots like these result in strikes &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; often. If this doesn't happen, then typically an easy, routine spare is left for the bowler to shoot at on their next shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, pros bowl &lt;em&gt;far&lt;/em&gt; more games in a typical professional event during a week, than an amateur would. As a result, lane conditions tend to transition more significantly for the pros during a tournament, than what a league bowler experiences. Plus, the league bowler typically has the 'consistent house shot' week to week, whereas the 'sport shots' for the pros typically change from week to week, as sport conditions can yield a vast array of different oil patterns, pattern lengths down the lane, as well as overall amounts applied. Lastly, the lane maintenance crew may or may not strip and re-oil between blocks of qualifying, match play, or final rounds (typically step ladder format), depending on the specific parameters or circumstances of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to sum all this up, if the 'house bowler' is fairly accomplished and experienced, they can, and often do these days, post averages in excess of 200, with little to no coaching from anyone, or practice to help get there.  If a particular 'house bowler' has &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; competed at an elite level, such as the PBA and/or Team USA, they may indeed post an average that might exceed 240 or 250, because of this, plus today's overly-aggressive reactive resin bowling balls, which literally drink up oil from the lane, and not push or carry oil down the lane anymore, like their non-resin predecessors did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you now know the rest of the story, this would be why a PBA tour member has yet to break the 230 average mark for an entire year on the national tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16246" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T09:43:37.507" LastActivityDate="2021-10-03T09:43:37.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20396" CreationDate="2018-10-25T18:24:40.427" Score="0" ViewCount="1573" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is specifically about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/574178.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Akila Dananjaya&lt;/a&gt;. He is termed as an off spinner. Yet I have seen some videos in which commentators quote few of his deliveries as 'Googly'. But, Googly is type of delivery used by Wrist spinners right? Also it rotates inward to a right handed batsmen (clockwise), so if any off spinner bowls such delivery, shouldn't it be called regular off spin delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16248" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T18:35:14.433" Title="Can an off spinner bowl a googly?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20395" CreationDate="2018-10-25T18:35:14.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote from the very Cricinfo page you link to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Another installment from Sri Lanka's production line of unorthodox spinners [...] Able to deliver a legbreak, googly, carrom ball, doosra and a stock offspinner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dananjaya is &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; a finger spinner and a wrist spinner, so he has (at least) two balls which turn into the right-handed batsman: the standard offspinner, bowled with a finger spinner's action, and the googly, bowled with a wrist spinner's action. Similarly, he can bowl two balls which turn away from the right-hander: the regular legbreak and the doosra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The large selection of variations than Dananjaya possesses makes it harder for a batsman to read - for example, if a bowler can bowl only legbreaks and googlies, it's &lt;em&gt;relatively&lt;/em&gt; easy to read the bowler from the hand by noting whether the back of the hand is facing the batsman or not. But with Dananjaya, the &quot;back of the hand&quot; ball could equally well be the doosra turning away from the right-hander, as opposed to the googly turning into the right hander.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T18:35:14.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20397" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20398" CreationDate="2018-10-25T19:21:53.317" Score="1" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;When two players are facing the goalkeeper alone. and the first player passes the ball to the second and he scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;notes: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The moment when the ball was passed to the first player none of the two players are offside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when the first player passes the ball to the second player, the later is closer to the goal line than the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16249" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T23:01:33.967" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T23:01:33.967" Title="Is it an offside in this case?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20397" CreationDate="2018-10-25T21:25:59.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's offside (unless there's an additional defender closer to the goal line, let's say in the vicinity of one of the corners. In such a case, the two players can still be said to be facing the goalkeeper alone, but it's rare and I assume you don't mean a situation like this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;when the first player passes the ball to the second player, the later is closer to the goal line than the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's probably the key here; if the second player would be 'behind' the ball, (s)he wouldn't be offside. Now it's definitely a case of offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T21:25:59.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20393" CreationDate="2018-10-27T02:42:53.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few parts to having a consistent ball toss:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Release the ball when the tossing arm becomes close to fully extended.&lt;/strong&gt; This allows you to control the trajectory of the ball in one smooth motion. If you release too early or do not use a straight arm, the ball can experience inconsistent acceleration from your hand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Slow down your toss motion.&lt;/strong&gt; It's more difficult to control a fast motion, which can lead to an unpredictable toss.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The toss should be as low as necessary.&lt;/strong&gt; The higher the toss, the more wind can affect it (due to prolonged exposure), the more difficult it is to toss consistently, and the more difficult it is to time. Optimally, you should make contact close to the height of the toss, but it might be difficult if you lack the racket-head acceleration, in which case you may need to toss higher for more time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You should hold the ball with your fingers rather than your palm.&lt;/strong&gt; This will allow you to have more control on the release.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One piece I didn't include was location. This is difficult to give advice because it depends on the mechanics of the server's stroke, which largely depends on his/her skill level and athleticism. It also might depend on different serves. It's common to vary the ball toss location with different serves. For instance, with slice serves, a ball toss more to the right (of a right-handed server) could allow for more rotation around the ball at the expense of power. However, this becomes too easy to read at the higher levels and doesn't allow variety in location for these serves (e.g., it's more difficult to hit a body-serve).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16255" LastEditorUserId="16255" LastEditDate="2018-10-27T02:53:13.807" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T02:53:13.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20401" CreationDate="2018-10-27T05:31:13.557" Score="1" ViewCount="1060" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say I pick up my dribble accidentally. Can I bounce the ball off the defenders leg and resume my dribble or is that an illegal move?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16256" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-27T06:08:38.617" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T07:12:10.023" Title="Can I bounce the ball off defender to resume my dribble?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20400" CreationDate="2018-10-27T07:12:10.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You aren't bouncing it off the opposition, you are making a pass.   As long as your pass doesn't infringe on sportsmanship it is perfectly legal.   You would be possibly called for a tech if you throw it at an opponents face or overly hard at the upper part of their body.   This is a judgment call by the referee.   I have never seen someone called for a foul when they throw it off an opponents legs or lower body or bouncing it off their back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T07:12:10.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20402" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-27T13:32:12.497" Score="3" ViewCount="1662" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a local college basketball game last night (SSAC) and saw something I really don’t understand, so I thought I would do some research. I’ve come up empty so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing team was inbounding the ball along the baseline of the home team. The inbounding player was standing to the left of the goal, about midway between the goal and the sideline. Another team member moved outside the baseline on the other side of the goal, received the “inbound” pass and dribbled onto the court. It was not called as out of bounds and play continued normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this a legal move or did the referee just miss the call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16258" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T03:27:45.533" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T07:00:43.613" Title="Inbound basketball passed outside the court, then dribbled in" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21066" CreationDate="2018-10-27T19:14:35.647" Score="8" ViewCount="592" Body="&lt;p&gt;During qualifying for the 2018 Mexican Grand Prix, Max Verstappen very nearly took pole position despite not setting the fastest time in any of the three sectors. (Other drivers had gone faster than him in individual sectors, but lost time in the other sectors.) Ultimately, Daniel Ricciardo pipped him to pole position by about 0.03s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Max had managed to take pole without &quot;going purple&quot; in any one sector, would that have been the first time it had happened? Or has anyone managed that before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T03:31:16.987" LastActivityDate="2022-07-30T16:36:33.900" Title="Has anyone ever taken pole position without setting any fastest sector times?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20407" CreationDate="2018-10-27T21:40:23.873" Score="0" ViewCount="1478" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Background&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am interested in looking at the matchups between the pitcher and the batter lineup he has to face.  However, there are several times I have looked at the batting lineup for a game beforehand (even day of) and have only seen &quot;TBD&quot; with no expected time. Per the question on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/10297/15951&quot;&gt;announcing probable pitchers&lt;/a&gt; it is said that team managers submit the lineup to the umpire. From there it is then displayed. But the one unknown for me is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Question&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a customary time when the manager submits the batting lineup to the umpire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15951" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T04:31:30.540" Title="When do team managers submit the batter lineup to the umpire?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20402" CreationDate="2018-10-28T03:49:28.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If this was a throw-in after the opponent scored, yes, the player that receives the throw-in can be out of bounds behind the endline, with the caveat that the 5-second limit still applies and so the receiver must bring the ball in bounds within that time limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-8-out-of-bounds-and-throw-in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule 8&lt;/a&gt;, in Section III, part c says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a score, field goal or free throw, the latter coming as the result of a personal foul, any player of the team not credited with the score shall put the ball into play from any point out-of-bounds at the endline of the court where the point(s) were scored. &lt;strong&gt;He may pass the ball to a teammate behind the endline; however, the five-second throw-in rule applies.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with emphasis added&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The equivalent NCAA rule is 7-4-6-b.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13195" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-24T23:10:47.833" LastActivityDate="2019-08-24T23:10:47.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20404" CreationDate="2018-10-28T04:31:30.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's only officially done a few minutes prior to the beginning of the game.  Some managers will (unofficially) release a lineup (or announce changes to an established lineup) to the media well ahead of a game.  However, such a release doesn't bind the team.  The manager may make changes to the lineup until the official presentation without penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.03 Exchange of Lineup Cards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless the home club shall have given previous notice that the game has been postponed or will be delayed in&#xA;starting, the umpire, or umpires, shall enter the playing field &lt;strong&gt;five&#xA;minutes before the hour set for the game to begin&lt;/strong&gt; and proceed directly&#xA;to home base where they shall be met by the managers of the opposing&#xA;teams. In sequence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) First, the home manager, or his designee,&#xA;shall give his batting order to the umpire-in-chief, in duplicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Next, the visiting manager, or his designee, shall give his batting&#xA;order to the umpire-in-chief, in duplicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) The umpire-in-chief shall make certain that the original and&#xA;copies of the respective batting orders are identical, and then tender&#xA;a copy of each batting order to the opposing manager. The copy&#xA;retained by the umpire shall be the official batting order. &lt;strong&gt;The tender&#xA;of the batting order by the umpire shall establish the batting orders.&#xA;Thereafter, no substitutions shall be made by either manager&lt;/strong&gt;, except&#xA;as provided in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T04:31:30.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20443" CreationDate="2018-10-28T14:55:05.833" Score="1" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does Kagiso Rabada figure into the youngest players to 50, 100 and 150 test wickets, does he make the top 5 in all three cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T20:21:25.113" Title="Who are the youngest ever bowlers to 50, 100 and 150 test wicket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-28T17:29:22.053" Score="0" ViewCount="1116" Body="&lt;p&gt;In DLS method whether the target will  be fixed against balls? Or the target will be fixed for overs? when play interrupted by rain. &#xA;Whether the target will be fixed against breaking an over? OR will be fixed against full overs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16264" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T22:54:45.757" Title="Cricket DLS method" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20412" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-29T03:32:38.980" Score="1" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;In game 4 of the World Series last night I noticed that in the 4th inning, one of the Dodger batters, the second one I think, hit the catcher in the head with his bat. Is there no penalty for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T15:01:50.347" Title="No penalty for hitting catcher in the head with a bat?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-29T03:42:28.620" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manny Machado of the Dodgers has been noticed as making a number of dirty plays, stepping on infielders' feet or trying to kick them as he slides. For example, in the NLCS he was on first when the batter hit into a double play and he broke it up by deliberately sliding into the shortstop and even tried using his hand to grab the fielder's leg to take him down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IeMSS.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IeMSS.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any kind of interference rule or unsportsmanlike conduct rule that can be used in cases like this? What is the penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T15:46:13.717" Title="Any penalty for playing dirty in baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-29T04:25:26.250" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player get a 2 and 10 for cross checking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or just a 2 or 5/10?0€&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16267" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T09:53:13.863" Title="USA hockey rule - Cross Checking" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20410" CreationDate="2018-10-29T09:40:07.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;D/L par score is calculated based upon the number of balls that can be bowled before the end of the Match time considering the moderate rate of Overs per Hour. But the target is always given for a full quota of overs. For example 200 runs in 29 Overs. Not 200 in 29.3 overs. So target is always fixed for full overs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, to enforce a result from D/L a certain number of overs have to be played. like 20 overs in 50 overs and 5 overs in T20 Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T09:40:07.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20281" CreationDate="2018-10-29T09:44:50.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it has to do with the amount of people having interest in IPL. The broadcasting rights of IPL and International Cricket both sold by BCCI to STAR Sports can give you an insight of how popular is IPL and how people are connected to it. &#xA;The Media channels in order to achieve TRPs are trying to cash in the event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T09:44:50.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-29T23:19:48.440" Score="1" ViewCount="3714" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Basketball, let's say I am dribbling and involuntarily the ball hit my hand wrongly and starts rolling (not bouncing). If I tap it from above and get it bouncing again, is that a double dribble? According to the links below it seems that re-bouncing a rolling ball is allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, does it make a difference if the ball is rolling or just sitting on the floor when I hit it to make it bounce again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_dribble&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_dribble&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA violations&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dribble definition in NBA&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://official.nba.com/rule-no-4-definitions/#Dribble&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://official.nba.com/rule-no-4-definitions/#Dribble&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIBA says&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Art. 24 Dribbling&#xA;  24.1 Definition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.1.1 A dribble is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball who throws, taps, rolls or bounces the ball on&#xA;  the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.1.2 A dribble starts when a player, having gained control of a live ball on the playing court throws, taps, rolls or bounces it on the&#xA;  floor and touches it again before it touches another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A dribble ends when the player touches the ball with both hands&#xA;  simultaneously or permits the ball to come to rest in one or both&#xA;  hands. During a dribble the ball may be thrown into the air provided&#xA;  the ball touches the floor or another player before the player who&#xA;  threw it touches it again with his hand. There is no limit to the&#xA;  number of steps a player may take when the ball is not in contact with&#xA;  his hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and about Double Dribble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24.2 Rule A player shall not dribble for a second time after his first dribble has ended unless between the 2 dribbles he has lost control of&#xA;  a live ball on the playing court because of: • A shot for a field&#xA;  goal. • A touch of the ball by an opponent. • A pass or fumble that&#xA;  has touched or been touched by another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading the definitions above, it seems to me that when the ball is rolling on the floor (without bouncing) the dribble has not ended, therefore it wouldn't be double dribble to tap it and get it bouncing again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16270" LastEditorUserId="16270" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T00:23:56.750" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T12:45:51.493" Title="Can I bounce the ball after it is rolling in Basketball?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-30T11:46:25.070" Score="3" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player who received a red card during the game play the next game if the referee did not submit a report stating the player who received the red card during the game? Report shows no red cards issued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16275" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T12:37:28.040" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T13:15:46.560" Title="Red carded player" Tags="|football|suspension|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-12-18T01:02:33.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20419" CreationDate="2018-10-30T12:45:51.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my experiences, it is not considered to be a double dribble according the FIBA rules. I have this action being performed several times during a game when I was coaching. None of the referees did call a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more objective explanation is this: The rolling of the ball is also being considered as being part of the first dribble, so resuming the dribble without deliberately stopping the ball will not stop the dribble. Even if the ball has stopped rolling, the payer hasn't stopped the ball with its hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15514" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T12:45:51.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20412" CreationDate="2018-10-30T14:04:13.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manny Machado's follow-through hit the Red Sox catcher once in the series, and Xander Bogaerts did the same to the Dodgers' catcher.  In either case, these were incidental contacts and a simple apology was given to the catcher.  No punitive ruling was assessed, and none would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it becomes an issue is if a baserunner goes to steal a base.  If in this case, the batter has the same contact, the baserunner is called out due to interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a more extreme case, when the umpire rules there has been malicious contact, the batter is ejected.  While I have not seen a batter maliciously hit a catcher with a bat, I have seen on two occasions a batter kick the catcher before charging the mound&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T14:04:13.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20426" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20535" CreationDate="2018-10-30T23:56:46.543" Score="0" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is something that really confuses me. Federer obviously still haven't decided whether or not he's gonna participate in Paris Masters. Now, how can this be, since all the other players already started? Djokovic, for instance, came to round of 16, and Federer still doesn't know whether he's gonna play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it have anything to do with previous tournament score for a given player? Ie. higher ranked players don't need to start playing before the round of 8, for instance, so that gives them more time to decide whether or not to participate? If this is the&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16280" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T00:20:13.027" Title="Rolex Paris Masters 2018: Federer haven't decided" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17361" CreationDate="2018-10-31T00:24:06.043" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Monish Koyyot is actually right about conclusion, but his reasoning is false. First thing you need to be aware of: FIFA, nor UEFA for that matter, keep, show or in any way calculate shot percentage(conversion rate) stats - they're not standard in football statistics. Major Football leagues, like Premier, Primera, Bundesliga, Calcio, do often provide more in-depth player stats, but there's no written standar on how's this done. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing, you'll need to understand is what an shot percentage actually is, as in, &lt;strong&gt;which stats go into account&lt;/strong&gt;. So, conversion rate, or shot percentage, in football, is represented as &lt;strong&gt;successfulness in scoring a goal against opposition team&lt;/strong&gt;, not really as one's general contribution to the game. I know that may not seam right, but that's how all major football leagues define it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shot percentage is calculated by dividing a total number of shots with total goals scored. Note that if one player is responsible for an own goal, or auto-goal, he/she did not really score. I know it's common phrasing to say that he/she scored own goal, but in football terminology, that doesn't really account for scoring a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, in none of the major Football leagues own goals go into shot percentage calculation. Penalties are, on the other hand, often calculated as 85% of the in game goal score. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16280" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T00:24:06.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20433" CreationDate="2018-10-31T01:13:23.120" Score="3" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing in a basketball league that follows NCAA rules. A scenario happened where we players and referees did not know the exact answer and cannot find a specific rule explanation online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teammate threw an oop pass from beyond the 3 point line to me. I went to jump to catch it but was below the hoop. The defender jumped with me and tipped it in; I had no contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be considered a 3 pointer since I did not touch it and the pass came beyond the 3 point line, or would it be ruled a 2 since it was a pass and the defender accidentally tipped it in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16281" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-10-31T04:34:40.217" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T03:58:47.297" Title="Would tipped pass be a 2 or 3 pointer?" Tags="|rules|officiating|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20432" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-31T14:32:35.217" Score="1" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which game variation existed first, and when and why was the second variation developed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16277" LastActivityDate="2021-06-16T06:23:02.510" Title="Rugby league vs Rugby Union" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20428" CreationDate="2018-10-31T21:12:22.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think the fact that the pass originated from beyond the 3-point line matters much here.  The pass couldn't have been on target as a 3-point try or the opponent would have been called for goaltending.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's just someone making an own goal, which is always worth 2 points.  That falls under the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR17.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA rules&lt;/a&gt; Rule 5, Section 1, Article 4a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. When a player scores a field goal in the opponent’s basket, it shall count two points for the opponent regardless of the location on the playing court from where it was released. Such a field goal shall not be credited to a player in the scorebook but shall be indicated with a footnote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-01T03:58:47.297" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T03:58:47.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20446" CreationDate="2018-11-01T06:39:59.417" Score="4" ViewCount="716" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, we see how Kobe Bryant is able to hit the ball off his backboard (after getting trapped), and easily score as he catches it right under the hoop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if you're trapped backcourt (under your opponent's basket). Can you hit the ball of off your opponent's backboard, catch it, and continue dribbling down the court? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16286" LastEditorUserId="16286" LastEditDate="2018-11-04T04:01:38.897" LastActivityDate="2018-11-04T04:01:38.897" Title="Getting trapped, and passing to self off of your opponent's backboard/rim?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2018-11-01T08:23:20.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That should work. I recall one NBA player who tried a rebound against the own board during the last minute of a game, as this would have been the 10th rebound, yielding a triple double. Despite being silly (in that case), this is perfectly legal. I rather wonder whether the opponents might not be allowed to stay that long beneath the basket (three second rule). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="16085" LastEditDate="2018-11-01T08:38:33.373" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T08:38:33.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20432" CreationDate="2018-11-01T19:58:55.073" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; brief history:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1845: the first rules of &quot;rugby football&quot; are written down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1871: The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rugby Football Union&lt;/a&gt; (RFU) is formed. This is the same body as today's RFU which governs rugby union in England.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(1880: as well as the union vs league split, 1880 is when the American versions of the game moved from contested scrummages to an uncontested line of scrimmage, thus leading to American and Canadian football today).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1895: The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Football_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Northern Rugby Football Union&lt;/a&gt; (NRFU) splits from the Rugby Football Union. The split is not over the rules of the game per se, but over professionalism with the RFU maintaining an strictly amateur stance and the NRFU allowing payments to players. The NRFU is the same body as today's Rugby Football League which governs professional rugby league in England.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1995: (yes, 100 years later) The International Rugby Board, the governing body for international rugby union, removes the amateur restrictions on the game. Both codes are now fully professional.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: mostly &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football#Establishment_of_modern_rugby&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rugby football on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T19:58:55.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20438" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20440" CreationDate="2018-11-01T21:37:01.213" Score="0" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Helo! I would like to ask for some help in understanding how qualifications for Olympic men's basketball tournament at 2020 Olympics work. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, i know that there would be 12 teams at basketball's tournament. One of the places is reserved for the host nation's team, in this case Japan. Next seven places is going to be determined at the World Cup in the China next year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_&lt;/a&gt;–_Men%27s_qualification&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a problem in understanding how additional wild card tournaments are structured. I know that the best 16 teams from World Cup that didn't qualified by the World Cup, will participate in these wild card tournaments. Now, things get a little bit more unclear, because of the following picture:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tAd4P.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tAd4P.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is next:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is going to be 4 wild card tournaments with 6 teams in each, how can they add additional 2 teams per FIBA region in addition to 16 teams from World Cup, because that gives the number of 26 teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, could anyone clarify this a little bit more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14830" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T11:45:08.377" Title="Additional basketball qualification tournaments for 2020 Olympics" Tags="|basketball|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20438" CreationDate="2018-11-02T11:45:08.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 World Cup qualifying&lt;/a&gt;, it looks like the Asia and Oceania regions are combined into one region, so there are only 4 regions for the purposes of the &quot;+2 from each region&quot; detail. So they take the best remaining 16 teams regardless of region, then the next best two teams from each region.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T11:45:08.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20441" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-03T05:25:33.063" Score="2" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I learned that FC Barcelona came close to relegation in 1941-42 La Liga season. I want to read more details about it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I Google it but there is not much info available other than &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/10/23/59edcc3146163f2e508b4593.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/10/23/59edcc3146163f2e508b4593.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some articles in Spanish/English where I can read about this. Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16201" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T21:04:16.167" Title="Where do I look for Articles on 1941-1942 FC Barcelona season" Tags="|football|trivia|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20413" CreationDate="2018-11-03T14:57:34.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/rules/slide-rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB slide rule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When sliding into a base in an attempt to break up a double play, a&#xA;  runner has to make a &quot;bona fide slide.&quot; Such is defined as the runner&#xA;  making contact with the ground before reaching the base, being able to&#xA;  reach the base with a hand or foot, being able to remain on the base&#xA;  at the completion of the slide (except at home plate) and not changing&#xA;  his path for the purpose of initiating contact with a fielder. The&#xA;  slide rule prohibits runners from using a &quot;roll block&quot; or attempting&#xA;  to initiate contact with the fielder by elevating and kicking his leg&#xA;  above the fielder's knee, throwing his arm or his upper body or&#xA;  grabbing the fielder. When a violation of the slide rule occurs, the&#xA;  offending runner and the batter-runner will be called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks to me like he threw his arm but not really conclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a rule on unsportsmanlike conduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastEditorUserId="10789" LastEditDate="2018-11-03T15:46:13.717" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T15:46:13.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20409" CreationDate="2018-11-03T20:21:25.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rabada was the 15th youngest bowler to 50 Test wickets (top 5: Mohammad Aamer, Waqar Younis, DL Vettori, I Sharma, Mehedi Hasan).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was the 5th youngest to 100 wickets (top 5: Kapil Dev, DL Vettori, Waqar Younis, Harbhajan Singh, K Rabada).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was the 2nd youngest to 150 wickets (top 5: Waqar Younis, K Rabada, Harbhajan Singh, Kapil Dev, Saqlain Mushtaq).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13385" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T20:21:25.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2018-11-04T03:59:02.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer is wrong or perhaps just confusing.   Read this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/truehoop/post/_/id/26902/legalized-passing-to-yourself&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; to get the rule breakdown.   You can pass to yourself off of your backboard or rim, however you cannot do so on your opponent's rim.    As noted in the comments on the other answer Ricky Davis's pass was called a violation by Sloan and Sloan is right.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First Ricky Davis traveled - because he caught the ball with two hands after the &quot;shot attempt&quot;.   He could have pushed the ball against the rim and continued dribbling.   That being said you can push the ball 50 feet in the air and continue dribbling.   Ricky Davis caught the ball with two hands so he was not continuing a dribble, he was starting one, which is a very very clear travel.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes for your rim, backboard, and a big no to your opponent's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(side note and nothing to do with the question but Ricky Davis also should have had a tech for shooting on purpose on the opponent's basket - which is a tech example in rulebook revisions)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-11-04T03:59:02.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-05T15:27:35.010" Score="2" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule in hockey if an offensive player directs the puck with his glove on the defending goalie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16303" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T02:12:11.313" Title="hockey puck directed on goal by the offensive player" Tags="|inline-hockey|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20451" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-05T19:22:52.503" Score="-3" ViewCount="10813" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who bowled the fastest ball in cricket? I got to know that Shoaib Akhtar is not the right answer there is someone else who bowled a faster ball than him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16308" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T18:34:37.633" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T18:34:37.633" Title="Who Bowled the Fastest Ball in Cricket till now?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20451" CreationDate="2018-11-05T20:34:11.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-bowl-of-a-cricket-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Guinness World Records lists Akhtar as the bowler of the fastest ball of all time&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The highest electronically measured speed for a ball bowled by any bowler is 161.3 km/h (100.23 mph) by Shoaib Akhtar (Pakistan) against England on 22 February 2003 in a World Cup match at Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of the quote from that page is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; significant though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Quote from World Cup communications director: &quot;ICC has always said there is not enough uniformity in the various speed guns around the world for any one performance to be designated official&quot;. However many believe this to have been the fastest ball bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. you &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; compare measurements from different matches against one another, due to &lt;em&gt;systematic&lt;/em&gt; differences between the equipment used. There are claims that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Sami#Bowling_action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mohammad Sami bowled balls at both 164 km/h and 162.3 km/h&lt;/a&gt;; the 164 km/h ball was ruled out due to &quot;faulty speed measurements on the speed meter&quot;, but there is no clear explanation available as to why the 162.3 km/h ball was ruled out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: nobody actually knows because there isn't an accurate means of measuring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T20:34:11.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8834" CreationDate="2018-11-07T13:59:24.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard a different explanation for Third Man, which is that there are three 'stopping' positions 'wicket-keeper', 'long stop', and 'third man' behind the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16318" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T13:59:24.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20451" CreationDate="2018-11-07T15:52:18.887" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no perfect,actual or true equipment which can measure the speed of ball correct or accurately in all environment.&#xA;While the fastest speed ball bowl by PAKISTANI cricketer player &quot;Shoaib Akhter&quot; with the speed of 161.3km/h.&#xA;During the World Cup  group A match between &quot;Pakistan &quot; and &quot;England&quot; at &quot;Newlands stadium, Cape Town, South Africa&quot;, 22 feb 2003 .&#xA;Second fastest ball was bowl by AUSTRALIAN cricketer &quot;Shaun Tait&quot;, during the 5th ODI at &quot;Lord's&quot; cricket ground , &quot;London&quot;,3 jul 2010 with the speed of 161.1km/h.&#xA;so there is slightly speed difference but still Shoaib Akhter is fastest bowler in cricket history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T15:52:18.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20357" CreationDate="2018-11-07T16:04:21.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, Yes! According to ITTF rules there is no mention of losing the point if you decide to switch your playing hand in between a rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in the description of the question, you have suggested using the other hand with another paddle, that is not allowed. A player may use only one paddle during a point. In addition in case you are switching by throwing your paddle to your other hand you will not be awarded the point if the ball hits the paddle while it is in air. Throwing the paddle to win a point is not allowed and it has to be in full contact with your hand for the point to be won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T16:04:21.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20463" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-07T22:26:13.193" Score="2" ViewCount="1609" Body="&lt;p&gt;At school, we were playing football and I was quarterback. I'm not really good at football so I took off, and then I threw it while running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They said it didn't count but I think it does. Can the quarterback pass while running or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16322" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T22:40:13.443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T22:40:13.443" Title="Can a quarterback pass the football even if he is running forward and gaining yards?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20463" CreationDate="2018-11-07T22:37:56.907" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rulesets for American football generally permit a single forward pass, which may be made at any time until the ball has passed the line of scrimmage (that is, the line where the ball started, not where the players have ended up afterwards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is typically no rule against the quarterback (or any other player) from being in motion, in any direction, while making this pass, nor does any restriction tend to exist for a player making a backward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This presents three potential situations with different solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your school peers have instituted a rule such as &quot;quarterback can't run&quot;. In the school setting, this mandates a pass, making the game fairer and involving more players each time. &lt;strong&gt;Solution:&lt;/strong&gt; learn the rules for your schoolyard, possibly by having them recorded, and follow them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your school peers play by the &quot;normal&quot; rules but have got this one wrong. This has the same effect as situation 1, except with higher likelihood of debates and arguments. &lt;strong&gt;Solution:&lt;/strong&gt; ask them to show where this rule exists, and if not, logically it can't apply, unless they make it explicit that this rule has been adopted for this schoolyard &lt;em&gt;i.e. turn it into situation 1 and then apply solution 1&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You had already passed the line of scrimmage, and misunderstood their correct application of the rules. &lt;strong&gt;Solution:&lt;/strong&gt; ask them exactly what rule you broke, and confirm which situation you are in. If it is not situations 1 or 2, pay attention next time to be sure you haven't broken a rule you know.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T22:37:56.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20466" CreationDate="2018-11-08T02:47:17.427" Score="-3" ViewCount="1203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which test player has 99.9 average in his test career and in last match of his career he was out on 0 ? As if he had just one score in his last inning then his average would have became 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16320" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T04:39:39.443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T05:08:48.120" Title="Which test player had 99.9 average in his test career?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20465" CreationDate="2018-11-08T04:36:05.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/5945/sir-donald-bradman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sir Donald Bradman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, an Australian batsman was the player who finished his playing career with &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282910.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;99.94 average in 52 matches and 80 innings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And he needed &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1881688-top-10-batsmen-by-average-in-test-cricket#slide10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;just four runs&lt;/a&gt; from his final-ever Test match innings to finish with an average of exactly 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...the great Australian needed just four runs from his final-ever Test match innings against England at the Oval in 1948 to finish with an &lt;em&gt;average of exactly 100&lt;/em&gt;, only to miss a googly from Eric Hollies and be bowled for a two-ball duck.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/8918/england-vs-australia-5th-test-australia-in-england-1948&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Last match report.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T04:36:05.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18157" CreationDate="2018-11-08T10:21:42.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The third umpire may initiate contact with the on-field umpires, and potentially give decisions, in only a few limited circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They invariably involve an incident that was not noticed or acted on by the on-field umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All references and quotes are to ICC Men's Playing Conditions, and are currently identical for all three forms of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Appendix D, 2.3.5&lt;/strong&gt;  The third umpire may initiate contact with the on-field umpire by two-way radio if TV coverage shows a boundary line infringement or incident that appears not to have been acted upon by the on-field umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Appendix D, 2.6.4&lt;/strong&gt;  The third umpire may initiate contact with the on-field umpire by two-way radio if TV coverage shows the ball to have been in contact with any part of the camera or its cables above the playing area as envisaged under this paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T10:21:42.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20547" CreationDate="2018-11-08T19:04:08.700" Score="2" ViewCount="1251" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2018, Golden Tate played against the Cowboys as a member of the Lions in Week 7. He will play against the Cowboys as a member of the Eagles in Weeks 10 and 14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which players have played against one team three times during one regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T19:12:31.230" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T14:31:06.270" Title="Which players have played against one team three times during one regular season?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20441" CreationDate="2018-11-08T21:04:16.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes Barcelona was 12th out of 14 teams on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941%E2%80%9342_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1941-42 La Liga&lt;/a&gt;, as seen in the article in Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oviedo was 11th, Barcelona 12th, Alicante 13th and Real Sociedad 14th. Those years, the two last teams in the classification were relegated to Segunda División. The two teams above them, that is on 11th and 12th position, played a relegation play-off versus some teams from Segunda División.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I see, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941%E2%80%9342_Segunda_Divisi%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Segunda División on 1941-42&lt;/a&gt; consisted on three groups. The two best teams of each group would join in a little league on a round-robin method. The two first teams on that league would be promoted to Primera División, while the next two would play versus the 11th and 12th from Primera División: 3rd vs 12th and 4th vs 11th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that specific year, Real Betis and Zaragoza FC were promoted to Primera División, Real Murcia CF was 3rd in that league and CD Sabadell CF was 4th. Thus, Barcelona played vs Real Murcia on 28th June 1942 and the result was 5-1 for Barcelona, so they remained in the Primera División.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both matches Barcelona vs Murcia and Oviedo vs Sabadell were played in Madrid, as a neutral stadium, and you can see the report of the match in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1942/06/29/pagina-1/646452/pdf.html#&amp;amp;mode=fullScreen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;periodicals library of Mundo Deportivo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bqWl7.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bqWl7.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The headline says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The champions of Spain remain in Primera División.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T21:04:16.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20474" CreationDate="2018-11-08T22:06:03.440" Score="0" ViewCount="1739" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having trouble understanding possessions in basketball as it seems like there are 3 equations. One that is (FGA+0.44*FTA+TO) and another that accounts for Offensive Rebounds found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsrec.com/calculate-teams-offensive-defensive-efficiencies-7775395.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Lastly, the main one created by Dean Oliver found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/about/ratings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Are the first two estimates of possession, as in a much simply way to calculate possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question stems from looking at some formulas like TOV% and Points per Possession. Seems like TOV uses the equation found above and PpP uses Oliver's equation. Why does this difference exist? Also are players TOV%/PpP different than a team's TOV%/PpP? I feel like the calculation should be the same, but using the teams numbers instead of a players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16325" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T14:26:42.047" Title="Possession in Basketball" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20472" CreationDate="2018-11-09T14:26:42.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is Possession acording to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nba/possession.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SportingCharts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A statistic in basketball defined as the time a team gains offensive possession of the ball until it scores, loses the ball, or commits a violation or foul. A possession in basketball is an important statistic because it allows teams to compute statistics on a per possession basis. The statistic can be applied to an individual player or the entire team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now we know what possession is, we can go further: &lt;strong&gt;how to calculate possession in Basketball?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more realistic possession estimator is &lt;strong&gt;poss = FGA + 0.475 x FTA - ORB + TO&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FGA&lt;/strong&gt; - the number of field goal attempts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FTA&lt;/strong&gt; - the number of free throw attempts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ORB&lt;/strong&gt; - the number of offensive rebounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TO&lt;/strong&gt; - the number of turnovers.  Possessions end on turnovers and on shots that the offense doesn't rebound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;0.475 -&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;http://kenpom.com/blog/index.php/weblog/help_with_team_page/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;consensus value&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for college basketball seems to be 0.475.  In the NBA, 0.44 is typically used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://bookwormsports.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CB_SPG-EBook1-FINAL-07-28-15.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;good pdf&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; about this formula.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T14:26:42.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20475" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-09T15:26:25.613" Score="2" ViewCount="3041" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am doing a research paper on European football, and I am looking for individual player statistics. For example, numbers on detailed stats like shots, shots on target, passes, tackles, blocks, interceptions, clearances, aerial battles won/lost, fouls, offsides, etc. I am able to find data for the English Premier League on the Premier League Stats Centre. However, I am finding it quite difficult to find similar data for other leagues such as La Liga, Bundesliga, Ligue 1, and Serie A.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16331" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T11:05:30.513" Title="Where can I get data for individual player statistics in European football?" Tags="|football|statistics|la-liga|bundesliga|serie-a|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-12-29T15:46:22.543" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20475" CreationDate="2018-11-09T15:39:50.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found two really nice links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whoscored.com/Statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WhoScore&lt;/a&gt; gives you a lot of information. You just need to click&#xA;the league you want to observe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rotowire.com/soccer/stats.php?league=LIGA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roto Wire&lt;/a&gt; is like WhoScore but with more advanced stats (you need to subscribe on this one).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can access to the official league website and there you have a lot of statistics, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/stats/bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-09T15:53:36.840" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T15:53:36.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20475" CreationDate="2018-11-09T18:17:17.560" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think optasports is the best website for all the statistics related to football.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.optasports.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.optasports.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also visit:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.squawka.com/en/football-player-rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.squawka.com/en/football-player-rankings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T18:17:17.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20481" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20482" CreationDate="2018-11-10T05:35:45.633" Score="2" ViewCount="7681" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman moves in his crease, right or left, does the wide also moves with him? If a right-handed batsman moves to his right and leave the stumps and the bowler bowls a ball which is in the reach of the batsman but outside the wide line, Will this be a wide call or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2018-11-10T07:50:56.740" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T07:55:29.570" Title="Does the wide call moves with the batsman?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20481" CreationDate="2018-11-10T07:55:29.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, yes. If a batsman moves, the ball will based on &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; their current position and their normal position. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-wide-ball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22 - Wide ball&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;22.1.1 If the bowler bowls a ball, not being a No ball, the umpire shall adjudge it a Wide if [...] the ball passes wide of where the striker is standing and which also would have passed wide of the striker standing in a normal guard position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The effect of this is that a batsmen moving expands the area into which a bowler can bowl rather than &quot;moving&quot; the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T07:55:29.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20341" CreationDate="2018-11-10T15:59:13.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the same Wikipedia page, you can check out the table, and set the ranking according to &quot;goals per match&quot;. This allows you to see that the highest ratio for female players is 0.97, achieved by Julie Fleeting, Marta, and Elisabetta Vignotto. Although, Marta is still a current player and might be able to top that ratio in the coming years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abby Wambach is the top scorer with 184 international goals, however she has 256 caps, making her ratio 0.72.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16331" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T15:59:13.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2018-11-10T16:06:20.040" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The concept of noting your University is to emphasize you are a professional.  Your Alma mater was where you earned your sheepskin in order to ply your trade.  It is most evident in football players, but take a look in your doctor/dentist/lawyer offices - they each proudly display where they attended university.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a football player opts to indicate his high school and yes even his grammar school, he has missed the point entirely.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16334" LastActivityDate="2018-11-10T16:06:20.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18184" CreationDate="2018-11-11T01:20:51.727" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the regular season, the OT is 5 minutes.   Since it takes 10-15 minutes to resurface the ice, they don’t do it then.   If, after the OT, they go to a shootout, they will resurface directly in front of the nets, avoiding the sides.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the playoffs, all OT periods are a full 20 minutes, and the ice is resurfaced after every period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16337" LastActivityDate="2018-11-11T01:20:51.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2018-11-11T02:45:25.923" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which college you attend can influence one's view of how good a player is at first sight,&#xA;IE: If you see someone drafted straight out of high school, you assume that they would be very good to make the leap from High School to the NFL.&#xA;If you see someone who was attending a good university, you know that they must have been good to get a sports scholarship at a large university.&#xA;It can also be used for trivia, like on TNF when Terry Bradshaw plays trivia. It is a fun fact to know about your favorite player, and test really how much you like a player. &#xA;It can also influence which college you could go to.&#xA;IE: If you see that your favorite player is from Davidson, at a young age you will be determined to go to that college.&#xA;It is most likely used for online marketing for college, and just is a great fact to know&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2018-11-11T02:45:25.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-11T17:50:35.810" Score="0" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;can the pitcher run to first base with the ball and get an out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16340" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-11T18:19:49.213" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T02:09:03.787" Title="Can the pitcher run to first base" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20489" CreationDate="2018-11-11T21:20:04.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If they beat the runner there then yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10789" LastActivityDate="2018-11-11T21:20:04.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20489" CreationDate="2018-11-12T00:39:19.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they can.&#xA;This occurs in many instances:&#xA;The ball is hit to the pitcher and the pitcher beats the runner to the bag&#xA;Pitchers also assist in run downs, and if any defensive player beats the batter to the first base bag, it is an out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T00:39:19.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20492" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-12T10:13:02.793" Score="1" ViewCount="1055" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He was raggedy as... Went two for 15. Seven points.&#xA;  He finished with 16 points on six of 14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it is about points, but I really don't understand what they mean.&#xA;Could someone explain what these phrases mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16342" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T05:43:08.887" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T05:43:08.887" Title="In basketball, what does 'two for fifteen' mean?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20492" CreationDate="2018-11-12T13:13:13.510" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Went two for 15. Seven points. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This specific player made two field goals (FGM - field goals made) out of 15 attempts (FGA - field goals attempted) for a total of seven points (PTS). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He finished with 16 points on six of 14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This specific player made six field goals (FGM - field goals made) out of 14 attempts (FGA - field goals attempted) for a total of 16 points (PTS). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total field goals made/attempts include three point field goals made/attempts. Made free throws (FTM) also contribute to the number of points. These are possible reasons for discrepancies in point totals when reading such phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was not able to find the specific quote you highlight in your question, so I am attempting to break it down based on my interpretation. It doesn't make sense for a player to go 2 for 15 for 7 points AND 6 for 14 for 16 points without additional context (one player is being talked about across two separate games OR two separate players are being talked about in one game), so I chose the latter context to answer this question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T13:13:13.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8999" CreationDate="2018-11-12T16:10:41.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope, you lost. After all your goals are added up, from both away and home games, the team with the most number of total goals will have won. If the total goals are equal, the team with the most away goals will win. The other team has 1 away goal, while you have none. Since the totals are equal, the other team is the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16345" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T16:10:41.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8999" CreationDate="2018-11-12T16:27:32.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends which competition you're talking about, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UEFA Champions League/UEFA Europa League:&lt;/strong&gt; For example, these two competitions have the away goal rule. So, if you are talking about these two competitions the &lt;strong&gt;answer is NO&lt;/strong&gt;. You lose, because you suffered one home goal against and scored none away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONMEBOL Libertadores/Sudamericana:&lt;/strong&gt; These two competitions are organized by Conmebol (South America) and they don't have the away goal rule. So you draw the game 3-3 and in this specific case, you're going to extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T19:47:39.947" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T19:47:39.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20501" CreationDate="2018-11-12T17:26:09.023" Score="1" ViewCount="17755" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who took the most wickets in 1 over in cricket? I got to know that Muhammad  Aamir is not the right answer; there is someone else who took more wickets than him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16333" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T18:01:44.027" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T12:38:43.657" Title="Who took the most wickets in 1 over in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|wicket|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20489" CreationDate="2018-11-12T21:20:47.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. It doesn't matter how the ball gets to the base, if a player touches the base with control of the ball before the runner gets there, the runner is out. The pitcher could throw, kick, or roll the ball to first if they wanted to. On rare occasions, the ball will get stuck in their glove so a pitcher will throw their entire glove (with the ball inside) over to first base!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16347" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T21:20:47.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18078" CreationDate="2018-11-12T21:24:00.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball is weird in that unwritten rules are all over the place, and a lot of the time they don't make much sense at all when you think about it. There's really no good reason to be upset about the play you described. If the Orioles were up 7-0 in the 9th inning and this happened, then some may take exception to it as they could argue a player is attempting to run up the score. But there's really not a great reason to be upset over the situation you mentioned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16347" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T21:24:00.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20498" CreationDate="2018-11-12T22:04:10.337" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In international cricket, the most taken by a bowler in a single over is 4 wickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has happened six times in Test cricket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maurice Allom - For England vs New Zealand in 1929&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ken Cranston - For England vs South Africa in 1947&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fred Titmus - For England vs New Zealand in 1965&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Old - For England vs Pakistan in 1978&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wasim Akram - For Pakistan vs the West Indies in 1990&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Andy Caddick - For England vs the West Indies in 2001&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and twice in ODI matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lasith Malinga (Sri Lanka) took 4 wickets in an over in an ODI match against South Africa in 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mohammed Siraj (India) took 4 wickets in an over in an ODI match against Sri Lanka in 2023. This was also the final of the Asia Cup 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-09-20T12:38:43.657" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T12:38:43.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20514" CreationDate="2018-11-13T03:46:00.003" Score="0" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which ODI player has 99.8 average in his  career and in last match of his career he was out on 0 ? As if he had just one score in his last match then his average would have became 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16333" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T14:14:58.403" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T14:14:58.403" Title="Which ODI player has average of 99.8?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|statistics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20510" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20520" CreationDate="2018-11-13T06:52:33.440" Score="0" ViewCount="1364" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of sticky pitch in cricket? Does it help the bowler or the batsmen? If it helps the bowler than which type of bowler? And where most of the sticky pitches are found in which part of the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16332" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T12:48:07.777" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T12:48:07.777" Title="Meaning of sticky pitch" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20509" CreationDate="2018-11-13T10:09:40.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No player with a reasonable number of innings has an ODI average remotely close to 99, or even above 70.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have misheard or misremembered the details of such a statement being made about Don Bradman, whose &lt;strong&gt;Test&lt;/strong&gt; average was 99.&lt;strong&gt;94&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He required only four runs from his last innings to achieve exactly 100 average, but instead was bowled for a two-ball duck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T10:21:00.570" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T10:21:00.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20509" CreationDate="2018-11-13T13:03:08.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you've gotten Don Bradman's Test average of 99.94 mixed up. No player has an ODI average near 99. The highest, having played a minimum of 20 innings, belongs to Ryan ten Doeschate of the Netherlands with an average of 67.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T13:03:08.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20515" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-13T14:42:30.273" Score="0" ViewCount="942" Body="&lt;p&gt;If batsman hits a six on dead-ball,It'll be counted in total runs or not? &#xA;I have seen in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooC1I-BdZZE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VIDEO&lt;/a&gt; that Australian player is hitting a six on a dead ball and Umpire is giving sign of 6 runs. How runs can be counted on a &lt;strong&gt;dead-ball?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16308" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T18:34:44.490" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T07:06:58.657" Title="Can a batsman hit a six on dead ball?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20521" CreationDate="2018-11-13T16:57:39.823" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across a video in which players were playing football in a heavily water logged pitch. It makes me wonder if players are allowed to take advantage of this by kick a puddle (like a fake shot) and attempt to splash water on the defender/attacker? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T19:37:49.857" Title="Splashing water in football" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20515" CreationDate="2018-11-13T17:22:41.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video example which you gave involves a ball which should have been called as a no-ball. If it was, the batsman is entitled to hit it anywhere they like. That ball was not dead but because it bounced twice before it reached the popping crease, it was a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a ball has been called dead, the batsman cannot hit it so therefore cannot hit it for six. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T17:22:41.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20510" CreationDate="2018-11-13T17:28:00.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sticky pitch or wicket is just a term for a pitch that has usually had some rain on it and so is damp and then dries out. This causes batting conditions that are tough because the dampness causes unpredictable bounce. Luckily, we don't get sticky wickets in modern cricket anymore with the advent of covers being necessary today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14951" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T17:28:00.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20517" CreationDate="2018-11-13T19:37:49.857" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming the referee has not abandoned the game for unplayable conditions, this is certainly a cautionable offence as unsporting behaviour (USB) under law 12.3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T19:37:49.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20525" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-14T01:26:54.053" Score="5" ViewCount="9151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to look at player statistics, and I always see the Tackle stat, the Sack stat, and sometimes the Tackle For Loss stat. Is there some overlap in the stats so that a Sack counts as a Tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ie) A player has 7 sacks in one season, and 81 tackles, and 23 tackles for loss.&#xA;Is there overlap so that they actually had 74 tackles and seven of them were counted as sacks, and they had 16 tackles for loss, but again, seven of them were counted by sacks. Does anybody know if there is overlap, and some stats are have duplicates, or do they not count a sack as a TFL or a tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-11-16T01:21:29.800" LastActivityDate="2018-11-17T00:27:03.370" Title="Does a sack count as a Tackle For Loss, and/or a Tackle?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20526" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-14T02:03:01.980" Score="0" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is about basketball play and I don't understand what 'out of a down screen' is.&#xA;Could anybody explain it for me please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&gt;&#xA;  they gonna start off with a pick-and-roll, and then they gonna start playing from there, or &lt;strong&gt;they'll initiate out of a down screen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16360" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-11-14T02:58:01.327" LastActivityDate="2018-11-14T09:19:55.743" Title="Please explain &quot;they'll initiate out of a down screen&quot;" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20526" CreationDate="2018-11-14T09:19:55.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Down Screens (also know as Pin Downs)&lt;/strong&gt; according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://hooptactics.net/premium/player/offskilldevelopment/screensoffball.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HoopTactics&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Down Screens are the most commonly used Off-Ball screens. They are primarily used to free up good shooters. Simple, but when well executed, they are a very effective means for getting the ball to good shooters for open shots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/unR4K.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/unR4K.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a interesting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhVpcFSFPmU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube video&lt;/a&gt;. Here you can see some work on setting a Down Screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best Regards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-14T09:19:55.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20530" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-14T12:41:05.397" Score="4" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Meaning, being in a winning or drawing position.&#xA;For context, if a team won but was behind during the game it doesn't count.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. In the top 5 leagues?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. In any league, if this information exists?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16364" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-11-14T14:08:56.880" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T15:08:13.517" Title="What is the longest time a football team has gone without being behind?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-14T20:30:53.417" Score="3" ViewCount="1684" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently bought my dad an autographed Colorado Avalanche jersey for his birthday. I am wondering what the next steps are with the jersey to get it cleaned and framed. Are there places that handle this sort of thing? Can I do it myself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16366" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-14T22:25:51.570" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T03:06:57.937" Title="How to clean and frame an autographed jersey?" Tags="|nhl|maintenance|uniform|collectibles|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20426" CreationDate="2018-11-15T00:20:13.027" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From @Martin in comments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you look at the draw of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Rolex_Paris_Masters_%E2%80%93_Singles#Section_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paris Masters&lt;/a&gt;, you can see that&#xA;  all 16 seeded players received &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bye_(sports)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bye&lt;/a&gt; into the second round. At the&#xA;  moment, only Cilic and Djokovic already played their first match&#xA;  (which is in the 2nd round). I do not know what exactly are the limits&#xA;  until when a player can withdraw, but in this tournament one of the&#xA;  seeds has already done that - Kyle Edmund withdrew from the tournament&#xA;  and was replaced by Matthew Ebden&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16280" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T00:20:13.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4264" CreationDate="2018-11-15T04:35:11.193" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No prerequisite of playing international cricket matches. A former PAKISTANI coach &lt;strong&gt;Richard&lt;/strong&gt; have no experience of international cricket ,but having very peachy, satisfactory and quality coaching. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;REFERENCE:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://rootsbd.com/tag/richard-pybus-coaching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rootsbd.com/tag/richard-pybus-coaching&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Qualification: must be enough education to communicate in &lt;strong&gt;English&lt;/strong&gt; language to players easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sport360.com/article/cricket/uae-cricket/40237/going-out-get-your-level-2-cricket-coaching-qualification-icc-academy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://sport360.com/article/cricket/uae-cricket/40237/going-out-get-your-level-2-cricket-coaching-qualification-icc-academy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T04:35:11.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20533" CreationDate="2018-11-15T09:01:19.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a very useful &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cardboardconnection.com/how-frame-jersey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;link (CardBoardConnection)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; that can help you with the frame. There, you have a step by step &quot;How to Frame a Jersey&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Measure your jersey to pick the right sized frame. Most jerseys will fit in either a 30&quot; x 36&quot; or 32&quot; x 40&quot; frame.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Lay the jersey out in the desired position (and orientation to the frame) on the matte backing board inside the shadow box frame or foam&#xA;  board if using a standard frame.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Fold and iron the uniform so that the player name, number and sleeve patch logos are visible.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Iron the jersey on the folds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Temporarily pin the uniform to backing using stainless steel framing pins. Stainless steel pins are ideal as they will not rust or&#xA;  discolor. They will also not damage the jersey fabric.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Stitch the jersey to the mat board with needle and thread. Stitching areas include; below the neckline, at the start of each&#xA;  sleeve, and at the bottom hem. Be sure the thread goes through the&#xA;  back of the jersey so it doesn't show. Knot the ends of the thread&#xA;  behind the backboard and tape them down to the back of the matte to&#xA;  hold them securely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Close the shadow box and hang proudly. If you are using a traditional frame follow these additional steps before hanging:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Remove the protective film from one side of the Plexiglass. Lay that side down firmly on top of the jersey. Once it is aligned&#xA;  straight, peel the film from the other side of the Plexiglass. Attach&#xA;  the sides of the frame. Many frames will simply click together, you&#xA;  may have to use special mounting brackets and clips to properly secure&#xA;  the frame.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About the cleaning, i advise you to watch &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzYkxmtb3nw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THIS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; youtube video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best Regards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastEditorUserId="16323" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T15:48:17.217" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T15:48:17.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20541" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20552" CreationDate="2018-11-15T13:05:56.283" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman tries to hit a six and it goes to the hands of a fielder, the fielder steps on the boundary line before catching  the ball and then comes back to catch the ball and catches it cleanly, will it be given as a wicket or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16333" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-16T00:12:53.343" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T13:21:33.523" Title="Will this be given as out or not?" Tags="|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20542" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20543" CreationDate="2018-11-15T13:47:19.570" Score="2" ViewCount="1076" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question related to how non-US/CAN players may join a NBA team. I understand that getting drafted should be usually preferred from the players' perspective, as you have a guaranteed salary in case you are actually signed. However, one could also sign at a NBA team as a free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is the following: Luka Doncic entered the NBA this year as the one of the first draft picks. Arguably, as a EuroLeague MVP, he is more certain to become a top player than most other players at his age. Could he instead have negotiated with other NBA teams and just sign there? This way, he may have not ended up with a lottery team.There must have been a team with salary space willing to pay him above rookie salary. Are there any rules preventing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T12:47:02.837" Title="NBA Free Agency vs. Draft for foreign players" Tags="|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20542" CreationDate="2018-11-15T13:53:23.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. As with everything else, it's all down to the Collective Bargaining Agreement, the agreement between the players and the league/teams. The details are covered by the fantastic &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q76&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Salary Cap FAQ&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An international player who is at least 19 but younger than 22 also can become draft eligible by declaring himself an early entry player. An international player who is older than 22 or was not selected in the draft in the same calendar year as his 22nd birthday is considered a rookie free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Dončić is 19, his only option if he wanted to play in the NBA before he was 22 was to declare himself an early entry player and enter the draft; an &quot;early entry player&quot; here is the same status as college underclassmen declaring themselves for the draft that gives them the ability to go back to college if they withdraw from the draft by a certain date - although this is somewhat irrelevant in Dončić's case as he wouldn't be able to play college basketball due to having played professional basketball in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T12:47:02.837" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T12:47:02.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20533" CreationDate="2018-11-16T03:06:57.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found several good websites to look at&#xA;The first is the one stated above, and there is no need stating it again. The second one is on wikihow, and is fairly good. ( In my opinion do not wash the jersey, it may dull the signature) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2: Select a backing. Unlike with a regular picture frame, the backing that comes with your shadow box may not be all you need to use for your framing project. For a jersey, typically you need foam backing to provide support (this might come in the frame), and an acid-free archival backing paper to go over the top. You may or may not choose to use matting around the edges for extra effect.[2]&#xA;  A lot of framers choose to use dry mounting to prepare the backing for the frame. This safely attaches the archival paper to the backboard.&#xA;  The backing paper should be a neutral color that complements your jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3: Get the rest of your supplies. For completing your project, you’ll also need a measuring tape, an x-acto knife, a sewing needle (embroidery works best), clear thread (like fishing line), and whatever mounting materials you chose to use (specific to the type of backing you’re using). You’ll probably also want a clothing iron, so that you can prepare your jersey for framing and help the folds to lie flat inside the frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Part 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1: Prepare your backing. Cut your foam or backing board to shape, using an x-acto knife. The board should be the same size as your frame. Then, place your mounting paper over the top. If you’re dry mounting the backing, you should do so now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2: Cut your foam board insert. If you have enough room inside the shadow box frame, it is a nice addition to insert a sheet of foam inside the jersey, inside the frame. This will provide support and help the jersey to look a bit more filled-out than if you pin it flat to the board. Cut a piece of your foam board into a rectangle the size of the torso of the jersey, and insert it inside. You can sew the backside of the jersey to the board to help secure it in place, or just use a few straight pins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3: Fold your jersey. Although there are a few different ways to fold your jersey, they all are done so that the major logos and symbols are visible inside the frame. Lay your jersey flat on a tabletop, and fold the sleeves over so that they go downwards. Use an iron to keep the jersey in this position, to prepare it for its life in a frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, this was from wikihow, and I will put the link for it below, if you need it.&#xA;Personally, I would not sow the jersey into the backing, because you could not take the jersey out again. There is a whole part, although it may be unnecessary, it is about picking the best frame, and there is two parts about finishing it up, and sewing the jersey in place, if you so choose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wikihow.com/Frame-a-Jersey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.wikihow.com/Frame-a-Jersey&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T03:06:57.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-16T08:55:53.003" Score="1" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;The LBW law states that even if a batsman is struck outside the line of off, he will not be given out if he is attempting to play a shot. However, I repeatedly see with DRL the third umpire overturning an on-field decision if the replay shows the batsman was struck outside the line if he was playing a shot and the majority of the ball was going on to hit the wicket. For example, in the current 2nd Test England v Sri Lanka, Moeen was given out on field and when we saw the replay, Michael Atherton said that it was a pity because England had no reviews remaining and he was struck outside the line. Surely it should make no difference whether the batsman is struck outside the line or not, the key is whether he was playing a shot or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16375" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T12:48:30.800" Title="DRL out/not out decisions" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20469" CreationDate="2018-11-16T09:17:49.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened way more often than I thought. There have been 151 times that a player went up against the same team 3 or more times in one regular season. I say 3 or more, because out of those 151, two players have played the same team 4 times in a regular season! Here is the list, sorted by year and team, with the two 4-time players at the top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iamE2.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iamE2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found these by going team-by-team in Pro Football Reference, using this sort of lookup: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pfref.com/tiny/e6L0f&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://pfref.com/tiny/e6L0f&lt;/a&gt;. I have linked the Green Bay Packers as an example, and by changing the opponent in the search bar, you can see other teams too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T09:17:49.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20450" CreationDate="2018-11-16T09:38:38.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the puck goes into the net, it is waved off as no goal, since a player can't propel the puck into the net with anything but their stick. It doesn't matter if the goalie touches it on its way in, as long as control of the puck isn't gained by anyone. Note that if it merely deflects off the player's glove and in, that's a good goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it doesn't go in the net, and the first team to control it after the player batted it with his hand is his own teammate, then the play is whistled dead for a hand pass. You can't bat the puck to a teammate with your hand. You can bat the puck to yourself, though, so if the original player is the first to gain control, it's ok and play continues with no whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it doesn't go in and the defensive team is the first to control it, play continues like normal and nothing happens. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T09:38:38.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20414" CreationDate="2018-11-16T09:53:13.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, you can either get 2, 5, or 5+10. You cannot receive 2+10, 2+5, or 2+5+10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For physical fouls such as cross checking, the ref can either give a 2 minute minor, or a 5 minute major, or a 5 minute major with an automatic 10 minute game misconduct for injury. In USA hockey rules, the 5+10 is given if the player is injured as a result of the crosscheck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to note that the 10 minute is a game misconduct, not just misconduct, so the player is automatically ejected for the rest of the game, even after the 10 minutes expire, and suspended for their next game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1084653-rule-609-cross-checking&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.usahockeyrulebook.com/page/show/1084653-rule-609-cross-checking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T09:53:13.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20546" CreationDate="2018-11-16T12:44:02.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Moeen was given out &lt;em&gt;because the umpire thought he was struck in line&lt;/em&gt;, and the umpire thought the ball was going on to hit the stumps; therefore whether he was playing a shot or not was, in the umpire's opinion, irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If&lt;/em&gt; England had still had a review left, they could have used the review, at which point it would have shown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball was going to hit the stumps&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;But&lt;/em&gt; Moeen was struck outside the line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and therefore Moeen would have been given not out - assuming that the bowler's end umpire believed Moeen was making an genuine attempt to play a shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T12:44:02.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20541" CreationDate="2018-11-16T13:21:33.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-19-boundaries/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 19.5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; suggests that this would be out, if the fielder is properly in bounds when catching the ball. Your scenario does not cover any of these scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.5 Fielder grounded beyond the boundary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.5.1 A fielder is grounded beyond the boundary if some part of his/her person is in contact with any of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the boundary or any part of an object used to mark the boundary;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ground beyond the boundary;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any object that is in contact with the ground beyond the boundary;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;another fielder who is grounded beyond the boundary, if the umpire considers that it was the intention of either fielder that the contact should assist in the fielding of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.5.2 A fielder who is not in contact with the ground is considered to be grounded beyond the boundary if his/her final contact with the ground, before his/her first contact with the ball after it has been delivered by the bowler, was not entirely within the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T13:21:33.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20525" CreationDate="2018-11-17T00:27:03.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sacks and Tackles for Loss are both subsets of Tackles. Whether or not Sacks can be recorded as Tackles for Loss seems to vary based on who is reporting. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/boxscore?gameId=401030865&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This ESPN Box Score&lt;/a&gt; lists Dante Fowler as having 1 sack and 1 TFL. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201811110ram.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Pro-Football Reference for the same game&lt;/a&gt; gives him 1 sack and 0 TFL. It's clear that PFR records TFLs as separate from sacks, but ESPN lists sacks as a subset of TFLs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question by using your example, a player with 7 sacks in one season, and 81 tackles, and 23 tackles for loss had 81 total tackles, 7 of which were sacks. 23 of his 81 tackles were for loss, and that MAY be including the 7 sacks or not, depending on who is recording the stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-11-17T00:27:03.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15763" CreationDate="2018-11-18T00:03:26.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer to this question does a good job at explaining the physics behind why these kinds of rules exist, but I'd like to add that in some scenario's, the followthrough serves as a psychological trick for the player: if you're concentrating about not making your foot swing after hitting a knuckleball, that might very well change the way you think about the shot itself, and thus help as a memorisation tool of how to hit the ball for your brain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16069" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T00:03:26.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20561" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20569" CreationDate="2018-11-18T14:33:34.667" Score="0" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Messi passed 350 goals for Barcelona, I asked this question, but couldn't find an answer anywhere. Who has scored more goals than Messi for a single club?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I was specifically asking for the goals in the domestic league. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16333" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T19:38:27.343" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T19:38:27.343" Title="Player with 350 or more goals in domestic league" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-11-19T18:28:59.193" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20561" CreationDate="2018-11-18T17:57:53.877" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Andry porter scored 357 goals in domestic league&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16389" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T17:57:53.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20515" CreationDate="2018-11-18T18:04:15.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batsman cannot score any run on dead ball bcos umpire declare a dead ball on which no action  can be attempted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16389" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T18:04:15.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20566" CreationDate="2018-11-18T19:14:19.633" Score="3" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that Saquon Barkley has an extremely high salary. How is a rookies salary established after the draft if the player does not have a choice on which team he goes to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16390" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T19:45:38.587" Title="How does a rookie in the NFL Negotiate Contract" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20564" CreationDate="2018-11-18T19:45:38.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Collective_Bargaining_Agreement#2011_agreement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement&lt;/a&gt; (CBA) defines how much a rookie contract is worth, based on the position at which the player was drafted; for 2018, the top end numbers were that the first draft pick (which turned out to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Mayfield&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baker Mayfield&lt;/a&gt;) would always get a four-year contract for $33.0 million with a $22.2 million guarantee; the second pick (Barkley) would always get a four-year contract for $31.5 million with a $21.0 million guarantee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you say this is &quot;an extremely high salary&quot;, it's worth noting that the 2006 CBA did not set rookie salaries, and this change deliberately &lt;em&gt;reduced&lt;/em&gt; rookie salaries; the first pick in 2010, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Bradford&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sam Bradford&lt;/a&gt;, signed for $86 million with $50 million in guarantees, far more than Mayfield's contract. As the salary cap was unchanged, this had the effect of increasing veterans' salaries. The ethics of the existing players voting to reduce future players' income and increase their own is an interesting one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-18T19:45:38.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20574" CreationDate="2018-11-18T21:34:04.517" Score="6" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could a player at a tennis tournament on clay wear an outfit (shirt, shorts, etc.) that is the same colour as the colour of the playing surface? Could this be used as an advantage against an opponent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are players allowed to paint or dress themselves in the same colour as the colour of the playing surface?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14830" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-19T07:11:11.997" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T14:18:02.420" Title="Dress code at tennis tournaments on clay" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-18T22:35:37.827" Score="2" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Wrestling, it is often seen, that down opponents turn from their backs to their bellies, when an opponent is running the ropes, which prompts their opponent to jump over them rather than just stepping on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an in-universe or kayfabe reason for this? It seems like an unwritten law and other than, they might roll an ankle, I can't really think of an explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/14ho7lz6VsI?t=299&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16018" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T15:10:37.947" Title="Why do Wrestlers not step on their opponents backs, when running the ropes?" Tags="|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-11-21T04:27:33.630" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20561" CreationDate="2018-11-19T07:45:50.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Josef Bican 534 with Slavia Prague &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pelé 643 with Santos &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ferenc Puskás 387 with Budapest Honved &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gerd Muller with Bayern Munchen &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cristiano    Ronaldo with Real Madrid&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2018-11-19T07:45:50.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20592" CreationDate="2018-11-20T04:58:40.997" Score="0" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is their a bowler in the cricket history who has increased his pace significantly so that before he was a medium pacer and then called a fast bowler in  international circuit?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-20T17:26:43.137" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T17:26:43.137" Title="Bowler improving his pace significantly after coming to international cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20573" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-20T07:47:43.670" Score="0" ViewCount="490" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen finger spinners in the game of cricket spinning the ball both ways without changing their action. How is it done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16399" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-11-20T10:34:05.847" LastActivityDate="2024-02-16T12:05:40.770" Title="How to bowl a &quot;Doosra&quot; in the game of cricket?" Tags="|cricket|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20567" CreationDate="2018-11-20T14:18:02.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are players allowed to paint or dress themselves in the same colour as the colour of the playing surface?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/about_wimbledon/clothing_and_equipment.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (and others ATP Tournaments) has is rules about the dressing code. Also Roland Garros will have a new dress code policy after the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/tennis/2018/8/24/17779310/french-open-serena-williams-catsuit-dress-code-change&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;controversy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; about the Serena Williams suit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you can wear the outfit you want if the tournament doesnt have anything about clothing regulations. If they have, you need always to wear a outfit according with the dressing code of that tournament in specific or you can be disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T14:18:02.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19908" CreationDate="2018-11-20T14:22:09.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentionned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/La-france-sacree-avec-une-faible-possession-historique/923126&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this french article&lt;/a&gt; from &quot;lequipe&quot;, one of the best sports newspaper, it's the lowest possession during a world cup final since apparation of statistics in 1966&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T14:22:09.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20568" CreationDate="2018-11-20T15:10:37.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there an in-universe or kayfabe reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No reason in particulary, i think. Wrestling is all about entertainment. They could do that, step on their opponents backs, because the WWE Superstar, Finn Ballor, his special move is climb to the top rope and flyes with the feet into the chest of their opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T15:10:37.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20235" CreationDate="2018-11-20T18:54:22.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is more of a comment but too long... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to help run tennis tournies in my teens.  I made people went to the right court, had balls, had towels, cleaned up trash, whatever.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also helped deal with disputes.   First almost no tennis tournaments have umpires in the US at least - unless there are school affiliations, meaning it is a high school or college tournament.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, all tournaments have bylaws on calls.   It is very normal for the person on to make the calls on their side of the court.   So in your case the person receiving serve would call fault on outs.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, there is a mechanism for disputes.   Meaning that the other team would be able to argue that the ball was in.   Normally in your incident you call a fault, the other team argues, it is simply a redo.   And the redo would start at first serve with any tennis tournament rules I have followed.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fourth, there is a mechanism for too many disputes.   So in tournaments I have worked in after the third dispute then someone like me would &quot;watch over&quot; the game.   If I believed that someone made a blatantly bad call (yes just one) I had rights to call game as forfeit.  If there was a close &quot;bad&quot; call I would warn the person and based on tourny rules or member standing or whatever someone might get 1-2 warnings then forfeit.   The idea is if a worker had to babysit and then there were still issues that the issues probably had a dramatic effect before I came over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the tennis community is rough - at least in my area of US.   If you were in a tourny that used NTRP rating and got kicked out or forfeited a match you may have a hard time playing in a tournament anytime soon as it is too costly for clubs/event places to hire umpires for every match and they simply don't want to deal with these types.   We had a guy that had to petition to get back into tournaments and write an apology letter as he was banned for three years (very funny, he was kicked out of next tourny in his second match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question - NORMALLY - in friendly tournaments without umpires which is probably normal in the US... you call out.   Either your call stands or opponent disputes (if in tourny rules) and the entire point starts over.   There would simply be no tournament laws that would say your opponent says it's in so it's in.   On the other side if you had been making sketchy calls all day your teammate would maybe be trying to save you - not saying this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to sum it up in any tourny or even competitive friendly neither of you were correct.  The point should have been played over if that was your first dispute of the game.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note - we did try one tourny for the non-receiving doubles partner to make the in/out calls for serves and this last like 1 hour into the tournament.  As competition gets better the other player is at the net focused on the movement of the other team after the serve not looking back at their teammate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T18:54:22.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-21T02:01:23.310" Score="2" ViewCount="27446" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many player retire from cricket at their on choice, but if they do not do it then what is the maximum age as specified by the respective cricket board until a player can play cricket and after that they will be retired officially by the cricket board?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16320" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2018-11-21T07:29:49.597" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T16:45:59.737" Title="What is the maximum retirement age of cricket player?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-12-02T17:42:31.067" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2018-11-21T07:15:01.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I'm aware, no cricket board enforces a mandatory retirement age. I know players who kept playing into their sixties, and I'm sure there are players who kept going longer than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T07:15:01.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2018-11-21T09:11:16.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the maximum retirement age of cricket player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no retirement age. It's always a decision by the person itself and nothing else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T09:11:16.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20588" CreationDate="2018-11-22T03:45:25.270" Score="-3" ViewCount="786" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nowadays we see wrist spinners bowling leg spin and googly and they are very successful. But we do not see a finger spinner bowling off spin and doosra at the same time.why is the game of cricket not producing finger spinner who bowls doosra as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T18:34:40.983" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T06:29:17.323" Title="why aren't we finding more off spinners who can bowl a doosra as well" Tags="|cricket|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20587" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20594" CreationDate="2018-11-22T06:26:03.513" Score="7" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;In November 2018 &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20181122060945/https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/fans-blame-duckworth-lewis-as-india-lose-t20-match-against-australia-despite-scoring-more-1946013.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India played Australia&lt;/a&gt;. Under the Duckworth-Lewis method, India lost the match despite scoring more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this first time a cricket team lost the match despite scoring more? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16411" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-24T08:26:37.590" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T08:26:37.590" Title="Is this first time a cricket team lost the match despite scoring more?" Tags="|cricket|duckworth-lewis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20586" CreationDate="2018-11-22T08:59:34.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nowadays we see wrist spinners bowling leg spin and googly and they are very successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The googly isn't really a &quot;nowadays&quot; thing - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer)#Genesis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;it was first bowled in 1900&lt;/a&gt; and has been part of just about every top-class wrist spinner's arsenal since then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But we do not see a finger spinner bowling off spin and doosra at the same time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, we do. To take a very recent example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/574178.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Akila Dananjaya&lt;/a&gt; who played in the first two Tests of the 2018-19 Sri Lanka vs England series is described by Cricinfo as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Able to deliver a [...] doosra and a stock offspinner with astounding control&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your last point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why is the game of cricket not producing finger spinner who bowls doosra as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the doosra is very hard, some would same impossible, to bowl legally, that is without flexing the arm more than 15 degrees. Offspinners, in particularly &quot;unorthodox&quot; offspinners, have taken the brunt of the ICC crackdown on illegal bowling actions in recent years; Dananjaya will not be playing in the third test of the Sri Lanka - England series as will be undergoing an assessment of his bowling action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T08:59:34.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2018-11-22T13:18:25.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I totally agree with you . Cricket has no age limit for retirement. A player can retire at the earliest of his/her career or go as long as his/her body supports.For example, Australian player &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Bradley Hogg&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; play at the age of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;47&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indian player &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pravin Tambe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Made his IPL debut at the age of 41 and represented IPL team SRH(SunRisers Hyderabad) in 2017. However he was unsold in IPL 2018 auction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastEditorUserId="15687" LastEditDate="2019-01-23T16:45:59.737" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T16:45:59.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20602" CreationDate="2018-11-22T13:20:54.930" Score="0" ViewCount="5563" Body="&lt;p&gt;what is the difference between doosra and carrom ball bowled by a spin bowler in cricket.And which way the ball turns in carrom ball and doosra?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-20T17:26:57.213" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T17:26:57.213" Title="difference between carrom ball and doosra" Tags="|cricket|spin|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20573" CreationDate="2018-11-22T13:38:10.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its seems to be very easy/smooth/effortless but arduous to deliver like &lt;strong&gt;Saqlain Mushtaq&lt;/strong&gt; . But &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;not impossible&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; required more effort and skill(practice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hold the ball like a fast bowler normally would, with the index and middle fingers on either side of the seam. For better ball control, the index finger should just about touch the seam. The thumb may rest on the ball but usually does not contribute to delivery. The remaining two fingers are used to hold the ball in place. The run-up involved in bowling the doosra is the same as in a normal off-break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*It's possible to bowl doosra legally: *&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more at:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/38660280.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;amp;utm_medium=text&amp;amp;utm_campaign=cppst&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/38660280.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;amp;utm_medium=text&amp;amp;utm_campaign=cppst&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reference:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thenational.ae/sport/doosra-can-easily-be-delivered-within-the-rules-contends-mushtaq-1.237419&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.thenational.ae/sport/doosra-can-easily-be-delivered-within-the-rules-contends-mushtaq-1.237419&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T13:38:10.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20572" CreationDate="2018-11-22T13:51:35.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, many bowlers at starting carrier bowl with very low pace in cricket club matches. After putting too much efforts and daily practices made them speedy/pacer bowler. One example is like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wahab Riaz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  Pakistani player (left hand fast bowler)in the beginning bowl with average of 120 to 130 Kph. After polishing them self ,bowl with 140 to 150 kph in international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reference:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/content/story/854113.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/content/story/854113.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T13:51:35.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20201" CreationDate="2018-11-22T17:06:23.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's not easy, I couldn't find a lot of information but yes, I found a very useful link with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/site/madmedievalsciencefair/billiards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;Ground Billiards&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-11-22T17:35:10.607" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T17:35:10.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20587" CreationDate="2018-11-22T23:43:39.793" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, not by a long way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In December 2014 Sri Lanka scored 242/8 against England's 236/5. However, because of rain delays, they had only 35 overs each, and England batting second achieved the par score with eight balls to spare, winning the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even earlier, in February 2006, India scored 328 all out in 49.4 overs while Pakistan scored 311/7 in 47.0 overs when they were interrupted by rain and unable to complete the innings. The par score was set at 305, which had been easily beaten already, and Pakistan won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T23:43:39.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20596" CreationDate="2018-11-23T02:33:15.727" Score="0" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;Run outs depends on the removal of bails or lightning of stumps(LED stumps) on which action does the run out depends? in matches where LED stumps are used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16332" LastEditDate="2018-11-23T03:06:03.360" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T03:35:38.687" Title="The removal of bails or lightning of stumps(run out)" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20595" CreationDate="2018-11-23T08:54:23.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;LED Wickets are not part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;, so you would need to refer to the specific playing conditions for whichever tournament you're interested in. For simplicitly, we can look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/982bcd9d-4b22-43c9-b67b-9837c6898ecb/05-Mens-T20I-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;September 2018 Men's T20I Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where LED Wickets are used [...] the moment at which the wicket has been put down [...] shall be deemed to be the first frame in which the LED lights are&#xA;  illuminated and subsequent frames show the bail permanently removed&#xA;  from the top of the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T08:54:23.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20599" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-23T21:38:40.513" Score="0" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has recently been brought to my attention that OJ Mayo would like to make a return to the NBA. I was just curious about what happens after his two-year ban expires. Would he return to play for the Milwaukee Bucks or enter the free-agency pool?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16416" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-29T11:52:56.737" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T11:52:56.737" Title="What happens when OJ Mayo's two-year NBA ban expires?" Tags="|basketball|nba|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14390" CreationDate="2018-11-23T22:55:27.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The governing body of Olympic boxing, the AIBA, only recently changed its rule for the 2016 Olympic Games to permit boxers to qualify. To do that, they have to be an otherwise amateur boxer who participates in an AIBA sanctioned professional tournament called the APB. As far as I can tell from the AIBA site, participation in &lt;em&gt;any other pro tournament&lt;/em&gt; still disqualifies a boxer from competing in the Olympics, though it's a bit unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, though, that we only have one data point to look at when we say that professional boxers don't compete in the Olympics. We'll need to see what happens in 2020 to get a better idea of how the AIBA is implementing these new rules. (Of course, right now there's a question of whether the IOC is even going to allow boxing at all, but that's a different question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also important to note that boxing, probably more than any other professional sport, is rife with political and financial motives at the expense of the athletes and the quality of the sport; my best guess is that something along those lines is going on here, with all the other professional boxing federations not wanting their boxers to participate in an AIBA tournament, boxers not wanting to forego their usual salary and risk getting seriously injured fighting for the AIBA, etc. These various reasons could have kept a lot of professionals out of the games in 2016, but with time to prepare and negotiate new contracts some of those issues may go away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10924" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T22:55:27.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20590" CreationDate="2018-11-24T04:33:45.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, many persons confused about &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dosra and Carom ball&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ,both deliveries are deliver by the use of off-spine,and both of these deliveries looks like leg spin, turning from leg to offside. Usually a player can spot the carom ball very easily but picking doosra is hard, it requires a lot of experience/practice/effort and time .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Carom ball:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrom_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrom_ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Doosra:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosra&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosra&lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSgBOiG7eLc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSgBOiG7eLc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oi3CYNAfldc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oi3CYNAfldc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IKWk76Anjk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IKWk76Anjk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally people get confused about doosra and carom ball, because both these deliveries are normally used by off-spinner and both of these deliveries looks like leg spin, turning from leg side to offside. Usually a player can spot the carom ball very easily but picking doosra is hard, it requires a lot of experience&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T04:33:45.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-24T05:30:40.740" Score="1" ViewCount="1464" Body="&lt;p&gt;When doing freestyle, I sink quite low in the water. As I turn my head sideways to breathe, it's still in the water, which makes me push my head more up and as a result, it breaks the momentum and I get tired/out of breath easily, although I'm in a healthy/active condition. Is there any ways to improve breathing pattern in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16417" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T11:44:30.173" Title="How to improve being out of breath early when doing freestyle swimming?" Tags="|swimming|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20612" CreationDate="2018-11-24T15:18:19.210" Score="1" ViewCount="1445" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shahid Afridi has hit 12 runs off one ball (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/xoLeoAjG4jI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except him, has another batsman ever in cricketing history hit 12 runs off one ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16333" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-26T08:23:02.850" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T08:23:02.850" Title="Has anybody except Shahid Afridi hit 12 runs off one ball in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20610" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-25T05:08:08.100" Score="5" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an old question, in my mind. I have always believed the answer is the third period, but others disagree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16419" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-11-25T11:48:56.250" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T14:04:30.407" Title="In NHL hockey games decided in regulation time, in which period are the most winning goals scored?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20631" CreationDate="2018-11-25T06:53:49.777" Score="1" ViewCount="3037" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if I've only 8 ball remaining, my opponent has his category object balls remaining. I called a pocket for 8 ball but didn't pocket it and it still remains on the table. &#xA;Will my opponent get a ball in hand foul and can put cue ball anywhere on the table ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16420" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T09:31:38.930" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T09:31:38.930" Title="8 ball pools, foul rules when only 8 ball is on the table?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20605" CreationDate="2018-11-25T10:42:48.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Afridi is not the only player to do so, and arguably didn't deserve it, unlike&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Travis Birt&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;January 2012: Big Bash League, for Hobart Hurricanes v Melbourne Stars&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clint McKay took the fifth over bowling to Birt, beginning it with 0, 4, 4, 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His first attempt at the fifth ball was a no ball hit for Boundary Six (total: 6, 1 bye). His second attempt was a repeat of the first (total: 12 runs, 2 byes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the third delivery he finally kept his foot back, and Birt played it on for the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T10:42:48.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20615" CreationDate="2018-11-25T17:56:03.270" Score="8" ViewCount="9239" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2018 F1 season, Pirelli introduced two new tyre compounds - the hypersoft, and the super-hard. For 2019, the compound system will be simplified so that at each race they'll simply be known as &quot;soft, medium, and hard&quot;, regardless of the actual compounds being used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hypersoft was used at a number of races - including the season finale at Abu Dhabi - but I don't recall the super-hard ever actually being brought to a Grand Prix, let alone used at one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Did any team ever run the super-hard tyre during a competitive session (i.e. practice, qualifying, or the race)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-06-16T00:21:05.977" Title="Were the super-hard tyres ever actually used?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20614" CreationDate="2018-11-25T21:00:55.377" Score="7" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No. It was never offered or wanted.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even the Hard compound was only offered once, and the Medium in barely more than half the races of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each race (alphabetical) the compounds (hardest to softest) available were&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abu Dhabi: SS, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Australia: S, SS, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Austria: S, SS, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Azerbaijan: S, SS, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bahrain: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Belgium: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brazil: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Canada: SS, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;China: M, S, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;France: S, SS, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Germany: M, S, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Great Britain: H, M, S&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hungary: M, S, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Italy: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Japan: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mexico: SS, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Monaco: SS, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russia: S, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spain: M, S, SS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singapore: S, US, HS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;United States: S, SS, US&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.pirelli.com/global/en-ww/news/abu-dhabi-2018-compounds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;All tyres selections verified from Pirelli&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-06-16T00:21:05.977" LastActivityDate="2022-06-16T00:21:05.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20616" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20619" CreationDate="2018-11-26T00:38:02.410" Score="2" ViewCount="13231" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a game, players get fouled a lot, and they often throw up a shot, to try to have an opportunity to get more points. When you throw up a shot while fouled, in your game statistics, does it count as a missed shot, or do they only count it if you make it because you were fouled? Is there a more common way of counting this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2022-05-23T23:27:44.863" Title="In Statistics, Does a Missed Shot While Being Fouled Still Count as a Missed Shot?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4495" CreationDate="2018-11-26T04:45:45.480" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ripper in cricket commentary was introduced by the great Australian commentator Bill Lawry for an unplayable ball generally bowled by a spinner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16423" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T04:45:45.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20616" CreationDate="2018-11-26T05:19:22.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No it does not, it is simply a free shot, and why a lot of guys who drive to the basket a lot not only shoot foul shots but have a higher shooting percentage.  If you miss it is simply a mention of fouled while shooting (no base stat - yes understand this is an advanced stat) and then if they make it it is a shot attempt and a shot made. This is how it is scored period, no matter what age or level you are playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T05:32:24.753" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T05:32:24.753" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20599" CreationDate="2018-11-26T08:19:50.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;He will return to being a free-agent.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was dismissed from the league in 2016 after a drug violation, which also terminated his contract with the Milwaukee Bucks immediately. If he is to apply for reinstatement to the league, then he will have to be signed by a team as a free agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T08:19:50.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20621" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-26T10:34:27.473" Score="1" ViewCount="1413" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a fielding side start bowling in an innings with the same/old ball after enforcing the follow on, having bowled out the opponents with in 30 overs previously? FOr example, Pakistan today bowled New Zealand out today in 35.5 overs and enforced follow on, now could they start with an old ball in second innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16424" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T02:44:26.457" Title="Team start with an old ball after enforcing follow on within 30 overs in Cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20610" CreationDate="2018-11-26T13:59:23.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a full answer, but an answer that may lead to the full answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid confusion, I interpret &quot;winning goal&quot; as &quot;the most recent goal that put the team ahead with no further lead changes.&quot; For example, if the winning team shuts out their opponent and scored the first goal during the first period, the &quot;winning goal&quot; was scored during the first period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/play-index/goal_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=goallist&amp;amp;grouping=p&amp;amp;season_start=1&amp;amp;season_end=-1&amp;amp;rookie=N&amp;amp;age_min=0&amp;amp;age_max=99&amp;amp;is_playoffs=N&amp;amp;game_num_type=team&amp;amp;game_month=0&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;game_type%5B%5D=R&amp;amp;score_sit=ahead&amp;amp;order_by=date_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following query&lt;/a&gt; on Pro Hockey Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For all games, from 1979-80 to 2018-19, in the regular season, &lt;strong&gt;team won game&lt;/strong&gt;, for games that ended in regulation, &lt;strong&gt;for goals that put the team ahead&lt;/strong&gt;, sorted by descending Game Date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can determine &quot;the most recent goal that put the team ahead with no further lead changes,&quot; though it would take removing all go-ahead goals for each game in the query except the most recent goal that put the team ahead during the respective game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-11-26T14:04:30.407" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T14:04:30.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-26T16:10:37.433" Score="-1" ViewCount="9602" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket ball is heavy weighted in both cases for men and women but is there any difference between the size of cricket ball that is used for women and men? if the answer is yes then what the reason behind this difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16320" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T04:46:51.357" Title="Is there any difference between the size of a cricket ball for men and women in cricket? if yes then Why?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20689" CreationDate="2018-11-26T17:13:35.393" Score="0" ViewCount="1881" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is drift of a spin bowler in cricket? And does it depend upon the conditions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T07:12:36.600" Title="Drift of a spinner in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18790" CreationDate="2018-11-26T18:27:41.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a tricky question, but it is not at all uncommon for split times (&quot;intermediate&quot; or &quot;en route&quot; timings) to be submitted as record performances, particularly in longer road races like 30km or 35km which run as often as longer distances like the marathon. IAAF Competition Rules 2018-2019, Rule 260 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;World Records in Road Running Events set at intermediate distances within a race must comply with the conditions set under Rule 260. &lt;em&gt;The intermediate distances must have been measured, recorded and subsequently marked as part of the course measurement&lt;/em&gt; and must have been verified in accordance with Rule 260.21(e). (emphasis added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put more simply, this says that as long as the intermediate distance meets the measurement and verification standards for a record, it's eligible for the record. (So your example of a marathon which is downhill for the first half and uphill for the second half is important - a halfway split from the Boston Marathon, for example, would not be record-eligible.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the measurement and timing standards are more exacting than road races normally apply for intermediate times, an athlete hoping to set a record (or record a qualifying mark) at an intermediate split would as a matter of course notify the race management in advance; some races, like the Berlin Marathon, anticipate this and arrange measurement and timing on their own initiative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standards for qualifying times are likely to be less stringent, and may even vary from country to country (if the national federation has stricter standards than the IAAF's qualifying marks) but if it's possible for records it should certainly be possible for qualifying marks where the stakes are much lower. The need to finish the race in order to have the &quot;en route&quot; time count would certainly make this route more difficult than just running a race of the appropriate distance (if one is available).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T18:27:41.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20623" CreationDate="2018-11-27T03:33:37.483" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The weight of the ball in women's cricket must be in between(139.98 to 150.61 grams). Whereas for men it is somewhere between (Appx 155.9–163 gm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-is-women%E2%80%99s-cricket-different-than-mens-cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-is-women%E2%80%99s-cricket-different-than-mens-cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Does-women-cricketers-use-the-same-kind-of-hard-ball-used-by-mens-cricketers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/Does-women-cricketers-use-the-same-kind-of-hard-ball-used-by-mens-cricketers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;womans are considered weaker than men that's why the ball is lesser in weight &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="16332" LastEditDate="2018-11-27T04:46:51.357" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T04:46:51.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20623" CreationDate="2018-11-27T04:15:52.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The laws are perfectly clear. Women's cricket uses a ball that has slightly less mass and may be slightly smaller than the ball used for men's cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.1 Weight and size&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball, when new, shall weigh not less than 5.5 ounces/155.9 g, nor more than 5.75 ounces/163 g, and shall measure not less than 8.81 in/22.4 cm, nor more than 9 in/22.9 cm in circumference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.6 Specifications&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specifications as described in 4.1 shall apply to men’s cricket only.  The following specifications shall apply to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.6.1&lt;/strong&gt; Women’s cricket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Weight: from 4.94 ounces/140 g to 5.31 ounces 151 g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Circumference: from 8.25 in/21.0 cm to 8.88 in/22.5 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is due to traditionalist views of women as a physically weaker sex requiring some allowance for their perceived inability to handle &amp;quot;proper&amp;quot; equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T04:15:52.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20640" CreationDate="2018-11-27T06:45:56.903" Score="10" ViewCount="302" Body="&lt;p&gt;Robert Kubica, who last drove for Renault in the 2010 season, is now confirmed to be back on the grid for Williams next year, over 8 years since his last Grand Prix start. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming he goes on to start the race at next year's Australian GP, will it then become the longest time in between two race starts for any driver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T18:38:28.687" Title="Driver with the longest time between F1 race starts" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19895" CreationDate="2018-11-27T20:35:03.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you alter the location of your toss, both left to right and how far into the court vs above you it goes, that's going to alter the angle and movement or the racquet at the exact moment of impact.  Sounds like your toss goes a bit to your right and out into the court.  Toss the ball less to the right.  Sounds like you feel like your serve is too much spin (I'm not sure, exactly, from the description) and not enough pace, in which case you probably need to have your toss be a little more out ahead of you, instead of straight up or even behind.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want heavier topspin, a bit more of a backhand grip vs. an open grip will also impart spin vs. a flatter serve, though a neutral, &quot;continental&quot; grip is pretty reliable for all types of serves, and if you learn to hit different types of servers with the same grip, the grip won't tip your opponent to what is coming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a YouTube video that shows the differences between a slice (sounds like what you have) vs a kick (heavy topsping) vs flat serve - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFwFklEQrf0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Serve In Slow Motion - Kick Serve/Slice Serve/Flat Serve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and a how-to with animated GIFs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tenniscompanion.org/types-of-serves/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Companion: 3 Types of Tennis Serves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12167" LastEditorUserId="12167" LastEditDate="2018-11-27T20:41:26.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T20:41:26.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18066" CreationDate="2018-11-28T05:02:51.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From Wikipedia about blocks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...Also, on a shooting foul, a blocked shot cannot be awarded or&#xA;  counted, even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is&#xA;  different from the player who committed the foul...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a block is made after a shooting foul is called, it is not credited, nor is it tracked. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T05:02:51.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20611" CreationDate="2018-11-28T11:11:08.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, your opponent can't put cue ball anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The shooter fails to strike one of their own object balls (or the 8&#xA;  ball, if all of said object balls are already pocketed) with the cue&#xA;  ball, before other balls (if any) are contacted by the cue ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these fouls are made, the ball can be placed anywhere on the table to prevent a player from making a purposeful foul to disadvantage the other player. &#xA;So, the only way your opponent has is if you do not hit the 8 ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T11:11:08.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20634" CreationDate="2018-11-28T13:28:19.463" Score="1" ViewCount="15519" Body="&lt;p&gt;if the ball hits the glove of the batsman and the hand is not in contact with the bat and the ball is caught by the fielder will it be given as a out or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastActivityDate="2021-07-05T22:56:45.250" Title="ball hitting the glove of batsman but glove is not in contact with the bat. is it out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20614" CreationDate="2018-11-28T14:33:45.453" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;They didn't introduce a new super-hard as such, they just rebranded every existing tyre as one designation harder, and introduced two newly developed compounds at the softest end. So the 2018 super-hard was the 2017 hard. Pirelli didn't do any development work to create it for 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was never an intention to use it in 2018, they kept it as an option in case early in the season they found all their tyres were too soft, and they needed to bring harder tyres than originally expected to later races. As the tyres performed as expected, this never happened, and so it never got used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9868" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T14:33:45.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20632" CreationDate="2018-11-28T18:13:31.333" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;its not out ,possible only when ball hits glove of batsman while hand is in contact with bad .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reference:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4176002.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/rules_and_equipment/4176002.stm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T18:13:31.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20632" CreationDate="2018-11-28T19:02:13.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Caught - Not out&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hand holding the bat, or any glove on that hand, is considered &amp;quot;part of the bat&amp;quot; for determining whether the bat strikes the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.6.2&lt;/strong&gt; contact between the ball and any of 5.6.2.1 to 5.6.2.4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.2 the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.3 any part of a glove worn on the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat or being struck by the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By omission, therefore, it does not count a hand or glove that is not holding the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be out Caught requires the bat to touch or strike the ball, among other conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;33.1&lt;/strong&gt; Out Caught&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, &lt;strong&gt;touches his/her bat&lt;/strong&gt; without having previously been in contact with any fielder, and is subsequently held by a fielder as a fair catch, as described in 33.2 and 33.3, before it touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the batsman is not out Caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Obstructing the field - maybe Out!&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batsman who willfully plays the ball with a hand holding the bat, except for specific circumstances listed in the laws, has met the conditions of Law 37:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;37.1 Out Obstructing the field&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;37.1.2 The striker is out Obstructing the field if, except in the circumstances of 37.2, in the act of receiving a ball delivered by the bowler, he/she wilfully strikes the ball with a hand not holding the bat.  This will apply whether it is the first strike or a second or subsequent strike.  The act of receiving the ball shall extend both to playing at the ball and to striking the ball more than once in defence of his/her wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;37.4&lt;/strong&gt; Returning the ball to a fielder&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if, at any time while the ball is in play and, without the consent of a fielder, he/she uses the bat or any part of his/her person to return the ball to any fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exceptions are listed in Law 37.2 Not out Obstructing the field, and amount to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;accidental obstruction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;avoiding injury&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the striker protecting their wicket, provided it doesn't interfere with a fielder trying to catch the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the batsman may be either out or not out, depending on the circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T19:02:13.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-29T02:03:15.637" Score="2" ViewCount="683" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am just starting as a goalie in street hockey. Are there any good drills to do? I need to work on my hand eye coordination and reflexes mainly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am good on butterfly saves, I just need help on glove and stick saves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16435" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T23:05:41.903" LastActivityDate="2021-05-21T02:02:45.260" Title="Goalie drills for beginning street hockey goalies" Tags="|training|goalkeeper|inline-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20450" CreationDate="2018-11-29T02:12:11.313" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal counts as long as the player doesn’t kick the puck forward but if it bounces of the skate it is a goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16435" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T02:12:11.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20636" CreationDate="2018-11-29T03:49:55.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been playing goalie for about 15 years, including inline. The best drill, even though it sucks, is up-downs. Just to practice getting into and out of your butterfly quickly. I know you said your butterfly is good, but this will increase your endurance as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that out of the way, make sure to work on your positioning. A lot of stick-side / glove-side goals given up by beginners is because they are squaring up to the body of the shooter instead of the puck. You need to stop the puck, not the player, so make sure your positioning is directly between the puck and the center of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that helps with positioning is skating. Get good at your t-pushes to get into position efficiently and quickly. Practice going from the post to the top of the crease and back, and practice squaring up to one point, then across to the other and back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To work on your reflexes, you can do the classic drill of bouncing a tennis ball off a wall, alternating hands as you go. Or keeping the same hand. You can always enlist the help of a buddy to set up in front of you with 10 or so pucks and tell him/her to shoot blocker and glove at random, but always one of the two. This keeps you from cheating but helps improve reflexes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may sound silly to say, but also make sure you are actually watching the puck all the way into your body. A lot of newer goalies don't have the skill or reflexes to keep their eye on the puck all the way until it hits their body, and it really decreases your hand-eye coordination. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last drill that can help improve your game quickly is rebound control. Not allowing the other team to get second chance shots on you will help your game quite a bit. Have someone take shots on you from the top of the circles or slot, and focus on sending each puck to the corner or trapping it. Every time you let a puck bounce back out, you're giving the team a free scoring chance with you out of position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me know if you have any other questions! Brian Daccord wrote a great goaltending book for beginners called &lt;a href=&quot;https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0880117915&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Hockey Goaltending&quot; (Amazon Link)&lt;/a&gt; that is full of drills, including for inline goalies. Look up drills on Youtube, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most importantly, actually play! Game situations are the best learning tool for getting better at game situations. Have fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T03:49:55.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20628" CreationDate="2018-11-29T11:08:46.900" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not quite. Jan Lammers started the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1982/races/445/netherlands.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982 Dutch Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; on July 3rd 1982, and left the sport at the end of that season. He then returned for the end of the 1992 season and started two further races, the first of which was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1992/races/588/japan.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992 Japanese Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; on October 25th 1992, a gap of 10 years, 3 months and 22 days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kubica, by comparison, will return after a gap of 8 years, 4 months and 3 days assuming he starts the 2019 Australian Grand Prix on March 17th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15765" LastEditorUserId="15765" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T18:38:28.687" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T18:38:28.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20642" CreationDate="2018-11-29T11:35:47.190" Score="4" ViewCount="1076" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is trigger movement of a batsman?When a bowler is going to bowl a ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T20:17:37.827" Title="what is trigger movement of a batsman in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20641" CreationDate="2018-11-29T14:52:50.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any movement a batsman makes just prior to the bowler releasing the ball is known to cricket coaches as a pre-delivery movement, or to players more commonly as trigger movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throughout history many top class players have had trigger movements as part of their pre-delivery routine and some have been very indifferent. Many players utilise the &lt;em&gt;back and across&lt;/em&gt; trigger movement whilst others take a small step forward with their front foot, others may merely crouch (as was the case with Brian Lara).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmF9kXM-pLs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_T5Ng_QG9_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;also here&lt;/a&gt; are some video examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T20:17:37.827" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T20:17:37.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20644" CreationDate="2018-11-30T01:44:18.977" Score="10" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which F1 World Drivers Champion has the lowest finishing position in the season following a championship winning year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1981, 1983 and 1987 WDC Nelson Piquet finished 11th in 1982, 5th in 1984 and 6th in 1988.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 WDC Damon Hill finished 12th in 1997&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T12:46:01.100" Title="Lowest championship finishing position for a defending champion" Tags="|trivia|history|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20643" CreationDate="2018-11-30T06:54:05.333" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;After winning the 1952 and 1953 World Championships, Alberto Ascari only finished 25th in the 1954 Championship. He failed to finish any of the four races he entered that season, and his only points came from setting the fastest laps at the British and Spanish GPs (the former was shared wih six other drivers, hence his bizarre final points tally of 1 1/7).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't been able to find any performance by a defending champion that was worse than this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T07:10:37.207" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T07:10:37.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20643" CreationDate="2018-11-30T07:05:39.153" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;After Alberto Ascari, the following champions also faced their worst campaign on next season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alberto Ascari - 25 - 1954&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Juan Manuel Fangio - 14 - 1958&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mario Andretti - 12 - 1979&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jody Scheckter - 19 - 1980&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nelson Piquet - 11 - 1982&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Niki Lauda - 10 - 1985&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Damon Hill - 12 - 1997&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16437" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T09:27:35.793" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T09:27:35.793" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20648" CreationDate="2018-11-30T14:50:18.350" Score="-4" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;The weather is cloud patch is helping for fast bowler ball is seem spin and bounce .these ball is very deficit to batsman  playing short. what is the reasons` . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16257" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T15:42:34.067" Title="The weather is cloud fast bowler is very dangerous. what is the reasons?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-12-09T10:49:47.027" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20647" CreationDate="2018-11-30T16:10:41.983" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been a number of scientific papers on this subject, for example Binnie&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The suggestion is made that the observed increase in the swing under conditions of high humidity is caused by condensation shock. The moisture in the rapidly expanding air close to the ball does not condense when the saturation limit is reached but continues in an unstable, supersaturated state until violent condensation occurs, probably at the lowest pressure attained. This condensation shock assists the seam in upsetting the laminar boundary-layer. Calculations show that this effect can occur only when the relative humidity in the ambient air is nearly 100%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and James, MacDonald and Hart&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is clear that humidity remains a perplexing issue with regards to cricket ball swing. Similar to many previous authors, this study shows that there is no direct, nor indirect manner in which humidity can significantly affect the ability of a bowler to make the ball swing. It is therefore logical to conclude that humidity may not have the significant influence on swing bowling that is widely assumed. Throughout the scientific literature on this topic, the issue of humidity is repeatedly discussed; however, it is proposed that this is an error, and that the cricketing community is not nearly as fixated on humidity as has been reported. The authors of this study have been privy to numerous discussions with various world class cricket players on this topic including England’s Andrew Flintoff. It is apparent that contrary to what is debated in the scientific literature, these players believe that cloud cover is the atmospheric condition of primary concern, not humidity. Players are convinced that the ball swings more on cloudy, overcast days and whilst the humidity levels on these days may tend to be higher than normal, humidity is not the key factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020740376900461&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Binnie, A.M. (1976) The effect of humidity on the ‘swing’ of cricket balls &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Mechanical Sciences&lt;/em&gt;, Volume 18, Issues 9-10, 497-499&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705812016463&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;David James, Danielle C. MacDonald, John Hart (2012) The effect of atmospheric conditions on the swing of a cricket ball &lt;em&gt;Procedia Engineering&lt;/em&gt;, Volume 34, 188-193&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/How-do-overcast-conditions-help-a-fast-bowler-swing-the-ball/articleshow/205837.cms&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/How-do-overcast-conditions-help-a-fast-bowler-swing-the-ball/articleshow/205837.cms&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://engineeringsport.co.uk/2012/06/14/humidity-doesnt-affect-cricket-ball-swing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://engineeringsport.co.uk/2012/06/14/humidity-doesnt-affect-cricket-ball-swing/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2018-12-03T08:35:00.593" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T08:35:00.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20685" CreationDate="2018-12-01T03:53:53.800" Score="-7" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;the last five over bowler try to slow bouncer back-of hand. Batsman try to hitting the ball and maximum score on bod. but batsman deceive what is reasons`.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16257" LastEditorUserId="16257" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T04:28:14.160" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T15:49:57.443" Title="The last over bowler one and two ball is slow and batsman mostly deceive. what is reasons?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-12-09T10:49:36.603" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20651" CreationDate="2018-12-01T11:25:18.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well it’s just because the batsman in the last overs tries to get on the ball and score, and not wait for the ball to come on the bat. When a batsman tries to hit six, he judges the pace to begin the swing of his bat and make contact with the ball at the perfect time. The batsman has played the against the pacer in earlier overs and knows how the pacer bowls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16449" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T16:40:32.013" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T16:40:32.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22942" CreationDate="2018-12-02T12:36:54.637" Score="3" ViewCount="1688" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, on read-option plays, how does the RB know when to fully grasp the ball and when not to because the QB &quot;pulls&quot; the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Commentators praise the QB on plays where he sticks the ball in the belly of the RB, only to pull the ball at the very last second and keeps it for a huge gain.  In slow motion, it really looks like the ball is in the stomach of the RB with the RB's hands almost around the ball when the QB pulls it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have also blamed the QB/RB when there's a fumble because of miscommunication due to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the QB deciding to handoff the ball but the RB doesn't grasp the&#xA;ball and it gets fumbled away or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the QB tries to pull the ball but&#xA;the RB has already fully grasped the ball and the ball gets knocked/pulled out by the QB and is fumbled.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know teams who run a read-option offense probably practice these plays a lot so they &quot;know&quot;, but as a layman, I'd like to know how the RB &quot;knows&quot; what the QB is going to do.  Does the QB bark some code word before handing/keeping the ball or they both &quot;know&quot; because they both read the DE and know what the other is going to do and the fumbles are just unfortunate mistakes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T06:57:27.990" Title="How does the RB know when to grasp the ball on a read option and when the QB is selling the fake?" Tags="|american-football|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20621" CreationDate="2018-12-03T01:11:52.803" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No as per law  in cricket it is mandatory that whenever new innings is started whether after followon or in normal circumstances , new ball will be used to start a inning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16389" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T01:11:52.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20658" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-03T01:54:57.167" Score="2" ViewCount="1357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just brought some tennis balls (some normal, some beach) and play until dirty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how do I get it clean up with the least damage done to the tennis balls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Had done some research online and it was mention that soaking in water with detergent for 30 minutes or clean them using a toothbrush and toothpaste.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16458" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-12-09T10:50:36.330" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T11:02:15.430" Title="Cleaning up tennis ball as simple as possible" Tags="|tennis|equipment|maintenance|beach-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20621" CreationDate="2018-12-03T02:44:26.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;in theory, the bowling team could ask it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;in reality, the batting tea wouldn't let them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the bowling team wouldn't want it anyway, unless they are only using spin bowlers, which is highly unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 4 &lt;em&gt;The ball&lt;/em&gt; provides that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.3 New ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless an agreement to the contrary has been made before the match, either captain may demand a new ball at the start of each innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, for international Test cricket, ICC Playing Conditions provide that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.3 New ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A new ball shall be used at the start of each innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan would not have the choice. A new ball must be used, even if the first innings had been 0/10 in 0.1 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T02:44:26.457" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20611" CreationDate="2018-12-03T16:08:18.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's a legal shot before the 8 ball, it's legal when you are on the 8 ball.&#xA;In other words, the 8 ball doesn't change the rules for a foul. &#xA;The only difference I've ever seen is the APA rule, that says a scratch (and only a scratch, no other kind of foul) when playing the 8 ball will lose the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T16:08:18.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20052" CreationDate="2018-12-03T16:17:08.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're asking about the topic 'cue ball deflection' or 'squirt'. Pool players talk about this a lot, snooker players not so much. Google those terms and you will find many explanations - &lt;a href=&quot;https://billiards.colostate.edu/threads/squirt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dr Dave Alciatore's site&lt;/a&gt; is an excellent resource.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T16:17:08.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20664" CreationDate="2018-12-03T17:43:42.737" Score="3" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Vivo Pro kabbadi, Dabang Delhi vs Puneri Paltan, in the last minute of the match the referee gave a green card to Dabang Delhi's coach. The coach is not playing. The coach is not in the kabbadi court; then why did the referee give a green card to the coach? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16380" LastEditorUserId="19242" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T20:29:51.277" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T20:29:51.277" Title="In kabbadi, why did the referee give a card to the coach?" Tags="|rules|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20663" CreationDate="2018-12-03T18:09:02.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee and the umpires shall have the power to warn, declare technical point against, temporarily suspend or to disqualify any player or team from the match who is committing any violation, also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Coaching from outside by the coaches and the players&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Green Card&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is for initial warning for any violation of rules.&#xA;As coach intentionally/deliberately give commands/instruction/orders to players. So that's why card is given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reference:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@Khel_Gyani/green-card-yellow-and-red-cards-in-kabaddi-7bc02b1f2c48&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://medium.com/@Khel_Gyani/green-card-yellow-and-red-cards-in-kabaddi-7bc02b1f2c48&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16304" LastEditorUserId="12772" LastEditDate="2018-12-21T16:17:14.123" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T16:17:14.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-03T22:15:42.233" Score="2" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just watching a UK Championship game and came across a rare incident. Mark Williams potted the yellow after the last red. The referee should have re-spotted the yellow, but he forgot. Then Williams re-spotted the yellow himself and continued his break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A commentator on BBC said that it was allowed. I checked the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPBSA rules&lt;/a&gt;, the balls don't necessarily need to be re-spotted by the referee, so the commentator is right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder a slightly different case. If a player re-spots the ball just because of moving quicker than the referee, is it allowed as well? I don't see an explicit rule prohibiting this, but it can prevent a proper game. Maybe such a case has happened before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorDisplayName="user13631" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T11:19:35.927" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T11:19:35.927" Title="Can a player re-spot a color ball even if the referee intends to do so?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20603" CreationDate="2018-12-03T23:48:46.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first question to answer is whether you are positively buoyant when simply floating on the surface.  It's very rare that someone can't float.  If you can float then the problem is very likely either your basic body position in the water or the mechanics of breathing is causing a misalignment in your body position.  A good body position is vital not just for breathing but for any kind of efficient stroke that you can do for a long period of time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without seeing you swim, the best advice would be to visit YouTube and search out basic swimming drills for freestyle.  There are hundreds that I've viewed and many are very good.  If your body position and stroke mechanics are good, then these drills should be very easy for you.  I was a competitive swimmer for about 10 years when I was young but when first trying these basic drills later on I found them to be quite challenging, which meant I had some definite deficiencies in my stroke mechanics despite many years of competitive training.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should find that mastering some very basic body position and breathing drills, that your swimming will improve dramatically in a short amount of time.  One piece of equipment that might help quite a bit is a center position snorkel that allows you to breathe without turning your head.  These are frequently used in the drills I'm talking about.  Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12560" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T23:48:46.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20668" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-04T02:22:46.717" Score="3" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the ends of most games, one team is ahead by a varying amount of points. When this happens, the losing team starts doing a full court man to man press. Wouldn't it be logical for both teams to press at the end of the game, for the winning team, they could try to put some more pressure on their opponents, while the losing team is hoping to create a turnover and quickly score. Wouldn't it be  better for the winning team to press as well, although pretty loosely. While still applying pressure, they could get back on D if the opposing team beats the press. Why would coaches not do this, if they wanted to play safer, they could do more of a loose press, then pick up the intensity after the opposing team comes over half-court, and it would be a good practice for critical in game situations when they are down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2020-04-29T19:01:45.210" Title="Why do only the NBA teams that are already up start pressing at the end of the game?" Tags="|basketball|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20658" CreationDate="2018-12-04T11:27:27.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to clean up tennis ball is with  detergent, pour the tennis balls into the container with the detergent and let them soak for 30 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you don't want to use this, I have found other technique that can be useful for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Washing Machine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adjust the machine to work with water at cold temperature. Using hot water can cause the rubber of the balls to deform or melt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't let the washer go through the spin cycle with the tennis balls. Allowing this to happen can end up deforming the balls and also causing damage to the washer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wash the balls with the same liquid detergent you use for washing clothes. Also, try to use approximately the same amount used to wash a small amount of clothing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the tennis balls are clean, set them to dry for about ten minutes in the dryer set at the lowest possible temperature. In addition, you can also put them to dry outdoors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastEditorUserId="16323" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T11:46:52.707" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T11:46:52.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-04T17:10:26.300" Score="2" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title say I'm spinning from a different directions than when I jump, it's way more natural and easy to spin to the right while landing on my right foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had two separate advices from two coaches, one said I had to learn to spin to the left since it could be problematic on some figures and the other said to not change anything and adapt to skate like this since it's more natural for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a bit confused if this would affect me in my progression or during a competition, what should I do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15015" LastActivityDate="2020-08-26T00:06:05.780" Title="Does spinning from a different side from your jumps affects your skating?" Tags="|ice-skating|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17444" CreationDate="2018-12-04T18:47:33.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just wanted to include a summary of the actual Jurors in the 2018 Ballon D'or Selection Process. I was not able to get this until this year. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see the jurors (each of whom is a respected sports journalist) and their ranking of the 5 best players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/txDjD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/txDjD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2018 Jurors&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14532" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T18:47:33.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20671" CreationDate="2018-12-04T20:39:20.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Conventional wisdom is that you must jump and spin in the same direction.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thoughtco.com/direction-figure-skaters-jump-and-spin-1282268&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.thoughtco.com/direction-figure-skaters-jump-and-spin-1282268&lt;/a&gt;.  In general I always find this coach's advice really good.  In my own coaching, I am a proponent of developing skills leading with both the dominant and the non-dominant foot specifically because sometimes the situation will need you to lead with your non-dominate foot.  On the other hand, at some point &quot;you have to do you&quot; and I've received advice telling me to find ways to accommodate my own idiosyncrasies but I think that comes after a good faith effort to follow conventional wisdom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T20:39:20.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20674" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-05T02:14:03.430" Score="1" ViewCount="886" Body="&lt;p&gt;When my opponent is serving in squash, if I want to return the serve, can I volley this ball back to them? That is, without the ball hitting the floor (opponent serves &gt; front wall &gt; I volley the ball back).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, do I have to stay within my own serving box? How many of my feet have to remain in the box, one or both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no, can I cross the T-line in front of my box if I keep one foot in it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16467" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T09:06:41.863" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T22:01:10.193" Title="Can I return a squash serve on the volley?" Tags="|rules|serve|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20675" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-05T02:30:42.913" Score="3" ViewCount="4372" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many natural hat tricks have been scored, with all of the goals occurring in the same single period, in NHL history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16468" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T09:03:21.447" LastActivityDate="2020-09-06T06:35:56.063" Title="How many NHL natural hat tricks in a single period have been scored?" Tags="|trivia|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20675" CreationDate="2018-12-05T12:46:59.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only having &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20019/16112&quot;&gt;data for the 2017-2018 NHL season&lt;/a&gt; at my disposal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;81 hat-tricks were scored throughout the season&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13 were natural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;6 natural hat-tricks were scored in a single period (46.15% of all natural hat-tricks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201804070LAK.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Benn&lt;/a&gt; (1st period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711280VEG.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Radek Faska&lt;/a&gt; (2nd period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201803180VEG.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Karlsson&lt;/a&gt; (2nd period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711090MTL.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jason Zucker&lt;/a&gt; (3rd period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201711130CAR.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Teuvo Teravainen&lt;/a&gt; (3rd period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201710280NSH.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Tavares&lt;/a&gt; (3rd period)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T12:46:59.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20674" CreationDate="2018-12-05T21:54:48.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can volley.  A legal serve is defined in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/170620_Rules-of-Singles-Squash-2014-V2014-04.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules of Squash&lt;/a&gt;.  Defining where the ball must land is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.7.4 the ball, &lt;strong&gt;unless volleyed by the receiver&lt;/strong&gt;, bounces for the first time in the opposite quarter-court without touching any line; and&#xA;  [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Volleying allows the serve to be legal without landing on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The service box and quarter-court lines are limits for the server and the serve, not the receiver.  I don't see it explicitly mentioned in the rules, but the receiver should be able to stand anywhere that doesn't interfere with the service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T21:54:48.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20668" CreationDate="2018-12-06T05:09:38.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not an expert, but I think if you are winning towards the end of the game your approach is to cause both you and your opponent to have possessions run as long as possible.  When your opponent has possession a press defense exposes your team to a long pass and a quick score.  Setting up your half-court defense instead causes your opponent to choose between a quick, lower-chance shot or a slow-to-develop, higher-chance shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10339" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T05:09:38.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14574" CreationDate="2018-12-06T10:31:10.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;the word &quot;barbecue&quot; definitly has a meaning in beachvolleyball. as tournaments used to be played in double-elimination-format, it meant that if you lost your first 2 games you have time for the barbecue. the saying was: &quot;We lost one - two - barbecue&quot; or to an opponent: &quot;you'll go out of this tournament one - two - barbecue&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16474" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T10:31:10.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4650" CreationDate="2018-12-06T14:29:54.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;FiveThirtyEight uses Elo and CARMELO metrics to rank NBA teams before the start of each season and during the season. Elo is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/complete-history-of-the-nba/#warriors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a simple measure of strength based on game-by-game results&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; CARMELO is FiveThirtyEight's &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/carmelo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Career-Arc Regression Model Estimator with Local Optimization&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2019-nba-predictions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; are their rankings prior to the start of the 2018-2019 NBA Season (choosing the forecast from Oct. 15, the earliest available projections).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Elo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Warriors (1685)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rockets (1654)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jazz (1623)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CARMELO:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Warriors (1751)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rockets (1662)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Raptors (1655)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Elo is most likely more accessible than CARMELO, so that is one way you can rank NBA teams beyond a given team's record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T14:29:54.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20651" CreationDate="2018-12-06T15:49:57.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Becuase last 5 over game is the turning point.... If the batsman batting long period before that 5 over  then he seeing the ball like football size.. So no matter bowler bowl which ball batsman deceive that ball and connect well with tha bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16475" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T15:49:57.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20668" CreationDate="2018-12-06T17:46:44.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are up in a game the last thing you want to introduce is variance in scoring.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to understand that in the NBA there are very few players that are out of shape, they can almost all make a 30 foot pass easily, and most are very adept dribblers.   The press is a good strategy when your opponent is slower, not in good shape, or has poor dribblers.   Hardly ever a go to strategy in the NBA.   The risk is far greater than the reward and that is why you only see it done by teams losing at the end of games.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other factor for the winning team isn't just giving up quick points but in the NBA whether it is fast break or press (which ends up into a lot of &quot;fast breakish&quot; 2 on 1s or 3 on 2s), these things have ended in a lot of open 3s.   This is a departure from 10-15 years ago when coaches pushed their players to take the ball hard to the hoop on fast breaks.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then layer on if the winning team presses, the losing team beats press for easy bucket, the winning team is now in a worse position to beat the losing team's press.   Remember you have 3-4 guys pressing so now who is going to help beat the press?   (NBA has 8 second half court violation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T17:46:44.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20688" CreationDate="2018-12-07T05:15:06.617" Score="6" ViewCount="8283" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the NBA Divisions are subparts from the Western and Eastern conferences. I understand the impact of climbing the conference rankings as the top 8 teams in each conference receive a playoff spot. However, what is the purpose of Divisions aside from teams in their respective divisions play more frequently with each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16477" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T16:44:36.090" Title="What's the purpose of Division Standings in NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|ranking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20687" CreationDate="2018-12-07T06:03:27.430" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prior to 2016, a team's rankings within their division had an influence on how they are seeded. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2005, when the third division for each conference were first introduced, division winners were guaranteed the top three seeds, given the 1st to 3rd seeds according to their season record but irregardless of their record against any of the other 5 teams in the conference bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This presented a problem in 2006, where the Dallas Mavericks were seeded 4th despite having had the 2nd best record in the West, behind the top seeded San Antonio Spurs, who happened to be their division rival.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In today's NBA, they would certainly get the 2nd seed but because they finished behind the Spurs in their division, the best they could get was the 4th seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They changed this system the following year in 2007 where the top two teams of the conference get 1st and 2nd seeds while the division winners get 3rd and 4th seeds, if applicable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The system where division standings affected playoff seedings were then ultimately abandoned by the 2016 playoffs, who reverted back to seeding each conference according to conference standings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The division splits are still there, however, now mostly just to help keep track of which teams play more games against each other more times over the course of the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-12-07T06:53:06.537" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T06:53:06.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20624" CreationDate="2018-12-07T07:12:36.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drift&lt;/strong&gt; in cricket is getting the ball to move sideways while in the air. When a spin bowler imparts spin to the cricket ball at an oblique angle to the length of the pitch, it is also possible for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23f1jvGUWJs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Magnus effect&lt;/a&gt; to cause the ball to deviate sideways through the air, before it bounces. This slight deviation is called drifting.&#xA;Side spin along with drift is very effective to beat the batsman or get an edge or force a soft dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drifting can happen after bounce and before reaching 'keeper. But that is rare for spinner but fast bowling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16478" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T07:12:36.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20692" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-08T04:08:49.350" Score="3" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;What should one consider when making a forehand stroke in tennis, and what should you look to avoid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T02:43:40.187" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T02:43:40.187" Title="What are the fundamentals of a tennis forehand?" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20694" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-08T15:42:14.033" Score="0" ViewCount="578" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for a player to be sent off for two yellow card offences before the first yellow card has time to be shown? e.g. where the referee plays advantage after the first offence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16483" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-03-30T23:01:31.000" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T23:01:31.000" Title="Two yellow cards before one is shown" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-12-10T22:37:48.187" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20694" CreationDate="2018-12-08T19:47:38.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is possible. Another example happened in the German &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fussballdaten.de/bundesliga/2013/3/hannover-bremen/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;, when a player scored the winning goal and immediately got two yellow cards. One for taking his shirt off, one for climbing the fence. Both are mandatory yellow cards (at least in the Bundesliga), i.e. there is no leeway for the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-12-08T19:47:38.683" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-09T13:35:40.220" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reason behind women do not play 5 sets in tennis.But play 90 minutes in football &amp;amp; 80 mins in rugby just like men?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16486" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T13:35:40.220" Title="Why don't Women play 5 sets in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-12-09T19:56:05.540" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20475" CreationDate="2018-12-10T08:41:43.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the Bundesliga, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;kicker&lt;/a&gt; is among the best when it comes to individual level data. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T08:41:43.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-11T13:55:13.370" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player scores a goal and in the time between the goal and the kick off again, if an opponent player pushes or punches the goal scorer, what kind of action is taken? (The conceding team might do this because they're salty) After a goal a free kick cannot be given because a center start is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16495" LastEditorUserId="16495" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T14:57:36.313" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T15:00:40.150" Title="Committing fouls during celebration time" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-01-14T10:18:04.973" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2018-12-11T14:36:45.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Punching a player would most likely result in a red card, which would be harmful to the &quot;enemies&quot; as much as a free kick. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12652/foul-after-a-goal&quot;&gt;Foul After a Goal&lt;/a&gt; (possible duplicate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T23:03:32.787" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T23:03:32.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1623" CreationDate="2018-12-11T14:46:47.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2018, kicking an extra-point after a game winning touchdown as time expires is not required. This was a result of the &quot;Minneapolis Miracle,&quot; where eleven Saints players had to come onto the field for the kneel on the extra-point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T14:46:47.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5386" CreationDate="2018-12-11T15:09:44.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.espn.com/nfl/teams?wjb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current NFL teams&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rocketcitynow.com/big-game/4-teams-that-have-never-made-it-to-the-super-bowl/648330482&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;four have not made the Super Bowl&lt;/a&gt;. These are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.detroitlions.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Detroit Lions&lt;/a&gt; (who also have had an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/schedules/2008/REG/LIONS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0-16 record&lt;/a&gt; one season), &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.houstontexans.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Houston Texans&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Houston_Texans_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;expansion team in 2002&lt;/a&gt;, as of 2018 newest NFL team), &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland Browns&lt;/a&gt; (who had a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/alex-smith-on-playing-for-the-browns-1-31-over-two-years-just-sounds-amazing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1-31 stretch&lt;/a&gt; over two seasons), and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jaguars.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jacksonville Jaguars&lt;/a&gt; (who are in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_South&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;same 4-team division&lt;/a&gt; as the Houston Texans). I would argue the worst team after the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AFL-NFL merger&lt;/a&gt; is the Detroit Lions, and the expansion Browns are the worst if you separate them from the team that is now the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baltimoreravens.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baltimore Ravens&lt;/a&gt;. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_all-time_NFL_win%E2%80%93loss_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.buccaneers.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tampa Bay Buccaneers&lt;/a&gt;, who went &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2016/11/11/yuks-book-jason-vuic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2-26&lt;/a&gt; in their first two seasons (1976 and 1977), have the worst winning percentage of all time (.387). They beat the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.raiders.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oakland Raiders&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/boxscore/sbxxxvii&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl XXXVII&lt;/a&gt; (37) for their only Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Lions have seven playoff wins, the Texans have three, the Jaguars have had seven, the Buccaneers have six, and the Browns have 11, but they have not been to the playoffs since 2002. They were &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Cleveland_Browns#Rejoining_the_NFL_(1999%E2%80%932004)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;re-established in 1999&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2018-12-20T16:28:15.490" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T16:28:15.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20710" CreationDate="2018-12-11T16:25:12.027" Score="1" ViewCount="1084" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say the following scenario occurs. A quarterback throws a screen pass, and the player drops it. There is a whistle for an incomplete pass, and a player on defense grabs the ball and returns it for a touchdown. The coach of the team that was on defense challenges the ruling on the field of an incomplete pass, and it is overturned, because it is ruled that the ball went backwards. I am almost sure that the touchdown does not count, but does the fumble recovery count? What about if the player on offense hears the whistle and doesn't try to get the ball? Is there a clear rule? Is this a judgement call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T16:51:11.670" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T18:26:15.290" Title="What is the distinction between a play that counts after the whistle is blown and doesn't count in the National Football League?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20641" CreationDate="2018-12-11T17:43:09.293" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trigger movement means that the batsman is in ready position with either weight on the front foot and/or back foot. The trigger is repeatable ball after ball, so the batsman is in the right mental and physical space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16496" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T23:03:50.880" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T23:03:50.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20357" CreationDate="2018-12-11T17:50:39.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is legal to hold the racket with two hands. During the serve you need to hold the racket with one hand, because you need to hold the ball with your other hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16497" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T23:04:01.160" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T23:04:01.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-11T18:24:50.690" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;I fenced in high school years ago and our coach talked of a tactic to pull an opponents' blade out of line, gradually.  If I recall correctly, it was done with small attacks, each a bit further out, drawing the parry a bit further with each attack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often, the defender would execute the parry but come back slightly off-line to a point where a small feint would allow for an easy score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this really a thing?  It has been a VERY long time.  I've been trying to remember the term (if it does exist.) Any help out there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16498" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T18:24:50.690" Title="Fencing Tactic for Pulling an Opponent's Blade Out of Line" Tags="|tactics|fencing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20706" CreationDate="2018-12-11T18:26:15.290" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the whistle blows without a recovery the play is dead.   Now there are certain bylaws outside of the NFL that allows for reviews to anoint the probable outcome - meaning a player picking up the ball in this situation would have clearly picked the ball up with or without a whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL a player could be awarded the ball in this situation too.   If the whistle blew while he was in the act of retrieving the ball (and referees have been liberal with this to fix bad calls) they can award the player the ball but however he cannot be awarded any return yards.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You hit on a really keen and obscure point that really is kind of kept under wraps in the NFL.   The media, the broadcasts, everyone...   is really not questioning when a whistle was blown on a play or trying to scientifically call out an official.   Who knows in 3 years we might get close-ups of the ref's showing their cheek movements of when the whistle started going frame by frame with the action on the field.   Until then NFL referees are going to probably be extra liberal in awarding challenges when they where deserved.  You have to realize that in the situation you are describing the ref messed up and the team gaining the turnover gets no yards.   Penalizing them further by not allowing them the turnover is egregious and could easily determine a game.   So to answer your question the whistle marks a play dead.   There is no way around this if it is clear.   If the whistle is not clear then replay can decide whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T18:26:15.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20716" CreationDate="2018-12-12T11:50:02.770" Score="4" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently watched a Judo fight and I was confused about the scoring system. How exactly can a fight be won?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16466" LastActivityDate="2023-09-07T06:17:36.833" Title="How can a Judo fight be won?" Tags="|rules|judo|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20715" CreationDate="2018-12-12T11:50:02.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are (as of 2018) four ways how a fight can be won:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ippon&lt;/strong&gt; - An Ippon (&amp;quot;full point&amp;quot;) is awarded, when either the opponent is thrown on the back with force, control and speed or when the opponent is fixed in Osae-komi for 20 seconds or when the opponent surrenders after an arm lock or a strangulation. Every Ippon ends the fight immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Waza-ari&lt;/strong&gt; - If you perform a technique, that does not fully match the criterias for Ippon, you will be awarded an Waza-ari (&amp;quot;half point&amp;quot;). Two Waza-aris result in an Ippon (&amp;quot;Waza-ari-awasete-Ippon&amp;quot;) and end the fight immediately. Also the fighter with more Waza-aris wins, when the fight time (usually 4 mins) is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fight end&lt;/strong&gt; - In case of a draw, the fight will continue in &lt;em&gt;Golden Score&lt;/em&gt;-mode. The fighter that scores the first score will immediately end the fight and be declared winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some smaller tournaments don't have Golden score but use a &lt;em&gt;Hantei&lt;/em&gt; instead. In this case the referee decides who fought better and declares this Judoka the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hansoku-make&lt;/strong&gt; - For major or repetitive rule breaks, actions against the spirit of Judo or the performance of techniques that put the fighters health in danger a &lt;em&gt;Hansoku-Make&lt;/em&gt; can be given. This penalty is a disqualification and ends the fight immediately. The punished fighter may or may not (depending of the circumstances) continue to fight in the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information can be seen in a video published by the IJF (international Judo federation) to inform about the 2018 rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgfKasoI5yc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgfKasoI5yc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16466" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T11:50:02.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20718" CreationDate="2018-12-12T14:56:02.250" Score="0" ViewCount="2274" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell me the name, position, and team of any players that have done this, as well as the year it happened. Also, have any players done it in different seasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T23:51:52.547" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T23:51:52.547" Title="Has any player ever won Super Bowl MVP, Pro Bowl MVP, and MVP in the same season?" Tags="|trivia|history|nfl|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20717" CreationDate="2018-12-12T17:37:12.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has any player ever one Super Bowl MVP, Pro Bowl MVP, and MVP in the same season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of &lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2018/02/04/tom-brady-aiming-for-rare-double-regular-season-mvp-super-bowl-mvp/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;regular season MVPs and Super Bowl MVPs&lt;/a&gt; in the same season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kurt Warner, QB, St. Louis Rams (1999, XXXIV)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steve Young, QB, San Francisco 49ers (1994, XXIX)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Emmitt Smith, RB, Dallas Cowboys (1993, XXVIII)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Joe Montana, QB, San Francisco 49ers (1989, XXIV)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Terry Bradshaw, QB, Pittsburgh Steelers (1978, XIII)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bart Starr, QB, Green Bay Packers (1966, I)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the aforementioned players have won &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/probowl/index.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Bowl MVP&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: This will be an unlikely feat moving forward. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Pro Bowl takes place the week before the Super Bowl. Players in the Super Bowl who were elected to the Pro Bowl typically skip playing in the Pro Bowl.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/2016/1/29/10868154/nfl-pro-bowl-2016-why-does-it-exist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Popular opinion&lt;/a&gt; is that the Pro Bowl may not be played in the near future.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T17:42:19.147" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T17:42:19.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20719" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-12T21:31:09.327" Score="0" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the show &lt;em&gt;Hajime no Ippo&lt;/em&gt; the person ranked #1 in Japan challenges the Japanese champion for the belt but loses. Immediately afterwards, the champion relinquishes his title to pursue the world champion title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is then announced that two fighters, whom the #1 has already fought and beaten, will fight to claim the title of champion. Why would the #1 not be involved in a fight to claim the champion title when it's relinquished? Would it be because the #1 had already challenged the champion and lost?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16507" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T21:32:05.603" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T00:08:15.827" Title="Why wouldn't the #1 ranked boxer be able to fight and claim a relinquished champion title?" Tags="|rules|ranking|awards|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2018-12-13T04:36:38.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With two very specific exceptions (cf. &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-penalty-kick-2018/chapters/penalty-kick-offences-and-sanctions-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 14&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-throw-in-2018/chapters/the-throw-in-infringements-and-sanctions-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 15&lt;/a&gt;), a free kick (or penalty kick) cannot be awarded for an offence committed with the ball out of play. Therefore, despite any misbehaviour by either team after a goal is scored, the correct restart is always a kick-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/fouls-and-misconduct-introduction-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Introduction&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Direct and indirect free kicks and penalty kicks can only be awarded for offences committed when the ball is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/restart-of-play-after-fouls-and-misconduct-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 4 - Restart of Play After Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the previous decision&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this does not prevent a referee from taking disciplinary action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct, Section 3 - Disciplinary Action&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Cautionable Offences&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;unsporting behaviour&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Cautions for Unsporting Behaviour&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;commits in a reckless manner a direct free kick offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Celebration of a Goal&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must be cautioned for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;gesturing or acting in a provocative, derisory or inflammatory way&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;Sending-off Offences&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;biting or spitting at someone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;violent conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee has many grounds on which to sanction players (from either team) for inappropriate behaviour after a goal has been scored. In addition to the above, the referee may also choose to have a quiet word with or publicly warn any players involved, if they felt that this was more appropriate than a formal sanction as listed above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T04:36:38.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20728" CreationDate="2018-12-13T06:55:20.097" Score="1" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm aware there is a question about blocking a shot off of a foul, but this one is concerned more about blatant goaltending off a fouled shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Player outside the three point line gets fouled on a shot attempt,&#xA;  shot looks good to at least hit the rim but another player on defense jumps&#xA;  and swats the ball away before it even hits the rim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my understanding, the ball is dead the moment a referee blows a whistle, except for a shooting foul where the ball can still be counted for an and-one until it bounces back on the court. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player goaltends the ball off of a shooting foul, will it be considered a goaltend or will the free throws for the fouled shooter just continue as normal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11757" LastEditorUserId="11757" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T00:18:57.463" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T00:18:57.463" Title="Are goaltends called on a shooting foul?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-13T15:25:28.193" Score="1" ViewCount="1839" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a run-out attempt, removing the bails using the hands holding the ball is a valid run-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when a fielder removes the bails or stumps using his elbow or shoulder, is it still a valid dismissal? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16395" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T21:30:04.360" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T21:30:04.360" Title="Can a fielder get a run-out by removing bails or stumps with their upper arm or shoulder?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20723" CreationDate="2018-12-13T17:34:32.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is explicitly allowed by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/all-laws&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt;; quoting from Law 29 &amp;quot;The Wicket is Down&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1 The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.1.1.5 by a fielder with his/her hand &lt;strong&gt;or arm&lt;/strong&gt;, providing that the ball is held in the hand or hands so used, or in the hand of the arm so used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T17:34:32.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20725" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20726" CreationDate="2018-12-13T19:55:44.683" Score="0" ViewCount="7378" Body="&lt;p&gt;In its current format, clubs finishing third in their respective groups in the UEFA Champions League (UCL) qualify, if you will, for the round of 32 knockout stage of the UEFA Europa League (UEL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with the UCL, the top two finishers for each group of the UEL qualify for the next round. In the UCL, group winners play a runner up from a different group. I assume this doesn't happen in the UEL. How are the 8 UCL teams integrated into the UEL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastEditorUserId="16506" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T14:05:37.490" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T14:05:37.490" Title="How are third place teams from the UCL group stage incorporated in the round of 32 for the UEFA Europa League?" Tags="|football|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20725" CreationDate="2018-12-13T19:57:59.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like I found my answer in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_UEFA_Europa_League_knockout_phase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the draw for the round of 32, the twelve group winners and the four third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage with the better group records are seeded, and the twelve group runners-up and the other four third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage are unseeded. The seeded teams are drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And after the first knock-out round, as with the UCL: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association can be drawn against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastEditorUserId="16506" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T17:53:35.450" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T17:53:35.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20727" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-13T22:10:14.780" Score="1" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;How will the round of 16 draw work. 1 pot group winners, 1 pot runners up, yet Liverpool can't play PSG or Man City so what happens if they are drawn together&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16511" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T08:51:10.103" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T12:04:52.487" Title="Round of 16 champions league" Tags="|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20722" CreationDate="2018-12-14T00:17:31.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basket would count and the player would get a free throw. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_11.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA.com&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the goaltending violation is at the opponent's basket, the offended team is awarded two points, if the attempt is from the two point zone and three points if it is from the three point zone. The crediting of the score and subsequent procedure is the same as if the awarded score has resulted from the ball having gone through the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means the free throw would be awarded and count, as procedures continue as normal. Anytime goaltending is called, the shot counts as if it went in and everything else procedes normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T00:17:31.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20727" CreationDate="2018-12-14T07:34:16.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pretty simple actually, because there are only two rules:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_UEFA_Champions_League_knockout_phase&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams from the same group may not be drawn against each others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams from the same association may not be drawn against each others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool played PSG in the group stage and City is from the same association, that's why those match-ups are not possible in the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is done as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All runners-up are placed in one bowl.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All group winners have an own bowl each.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When a runner-up is drawn an empty bowl will be filled with all possible group winners, eliminating the possibility to draw an ineligible opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When there's no need to draw (e.g. one eligible opponent left) the match will be placed directly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the last match would become invalid the previous match is selected directly. This happened in the 2016 round of 16 draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A computer helps by showing any (in)eligible opponents when a runner-up is drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T12:04:52.487" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T12:04:52.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20730" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-14T13:02:59.217" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know nothing about cricket. I looked it up and it's telling me that a test match can last for three to five days, others tell me a few hours. Particularly regarding the australia v india 2nd test coming up in a few minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the several days referring to 1st test, 2nd test, 3rd test... combined together? So the 2nd test will only take a few hours or is the several days referring to the nth test?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16513" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T14:02:50.607" Title="How long is the second Australia v India (2nd test) expected to take?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-14T13:14:48.107" Score="1" ViewCount="888" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to get the target score for a match if one team in tournament Team A has a 0.4 net runrate while playing 1 match, another team B has a 0.0 net run rate in 2 matches and a third team C in league has a -0.3 run rate in 1 match. Now how to get the target score for team A and team C to qualify for the next round in their next match? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16514" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T07:25:17.200" LastActivityDate="2019-01-30T06:41:07.693" Title="How to get target score for match in group of 3 to qualify for next round?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20730" CreationDate="2018-12-14T13:48:05.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three major forms of international cricket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Twenty20 (often abbreviated to T20): each side has 20 overs (120 balls). A match takes about 3 to 3.5 hours, including a short break between each side's innings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One Day Internationals: each side has 50 overs (300 balls). A match takes up to about 8 hours, including a longer break between each side's innings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Test matches: a match is limited to five day's play, each of which has six hour's play and some breaks. There is no restriction on the number of overs each side can face, and each side has two innings. The match is over when all four innings have been completed, or the team batting in the fourth innings has scored more than the other team. If the five day's play finish before the four innings have been completed, the match is a draw, independent of the scores of each team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Domestic cricket in each country tends to follow the same structure, except that the five day test match format is replaced by four day matches. For much more detail, see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forms_of_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Forms of cricket&lt;/a&gt; article on Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T13:48:05.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20733" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-15T01:13:53.820" Score="2" ViewCount="1083" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all goals scored in the NHL of the one-on-none variety (whether in-game breakaways or shootout goals), what location of the goalie getting beaten is the highest occurence?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think top shelf either side would be the lowest, 5-hole would be the highest, and lower-sides would be somewhere in the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T09:13:24.487" Title="Greatest percentage of breakaway goals scored: location of goal" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20734" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-15T08:26:37.237" Score="0" ViewCount="565" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a volleyball player but i lack the required vertical jump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So can you please suggest the best workouts for a high vertical jump ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16518" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T14:21:11.763" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T23:10:10.770" Title="what workout should I do to have a high vertical jump?" Tags="|training|volleyball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-04-26T13:33:33.923" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20737" CreationDate="2018-12-16T17:07:03.633" Score="1" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we define an African as somebody born in Africa and playing for an African national team, how many such players have won the UEFA Champions League? We can include Madagascar in this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-04-22T18:10:40.287" LastActivityDate="2023-05-13T10:16:14.840" Title="How many Africans have won the UEFA Champions League?" Tags="|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20736" CreationDate="2018-12-16T17:54:19.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;European Cup winners&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Grobbelaar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bruce Grobbelaar&lt;/a&gt; (Zimbabwe&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_European_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984&lt;/a&gt; with Liverpool)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabah_Madjer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rabah Madjer&lt;/a&gt; (Algeria, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_European_Cup_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987&lt;/a&gt; with Porto)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UEFA Champions League Winners&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abedi_Pele&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abedi Pele&lt;/a&gt; (Ghana, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt; with Marseille)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finidi_George&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Finidi George&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwankwo_Kanu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nwankwo Kanu&lt;/a&gt; (Nigeria, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/a&gt; with Ajax)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Tanko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ibrahim Tanko&lt;/a&gt; (Ghana, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Borussia_Dortmund_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/a&gt; with Borussia Dortmund)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Kuffour&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Samuel Kuffour&lt;/a&gt; (Ghana, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt; with Bayern Munich)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geremi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Geremi&lt;/a&gt; (Cameroon, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Real_Madrid_C.F._season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; with Real Madrid)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djimi_Traor%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Djimi Traoré&lt;/a&gt; (France/Mali&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; with Liverpool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Eto%27o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Samuel Eto'o&lt;/a&gt; (Cameroon, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; with Barcelona, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; with Inter Milan)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benni_McCarthy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Benni McCarthy&lt;/a&gt; (South Africa, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; with Porto)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaya_Tour%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yaya Touré&lt;/a&gt; (Ivory Coast, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; with Barcelona)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seydou_Keita&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Seydou Keita&lt;/a&gt; (Mali, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; with Barcelona)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald_Mariga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;McDonald Mariga&lt;/a&gt; (Kenya, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; with Inter Milan)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulley_Muntari&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sulley Muntari&lt;/a&gt; (Ghana, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; with Inter Milan)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Drogba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Didier Drogba&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Kalou&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Salomon Kalou&lt;/a&gt; (Ivory Coast, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; with Chelsea)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Essien&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Essien&lt;/a&gt; (Ghana, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; with Chelsea)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Obi_Mikel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Obi Mikel&lt;/a&gt; (Nigeria, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/a&gt; with Chelsea)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achraf_Hakimi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Achraf Hakimi&lt;/a&gt; (Spain/Morocco&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Real_Madrid_C.F._season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt; with Real Madrid)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadio_Man%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sadio Mane&lt;/a&gt; (Senegal, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt; with Liverpool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Salah&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mohamed Salah&lt;/a&gt; (Egypt, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_UEFA_Champions_League_Final&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt; also with Liverpool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mendy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Édouard Mendy&lt;/a&gt; (Senegal, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/a&gt; with Chelsea)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_winning_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winning players&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_winning_players&amp;amp;action=history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;) - this Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_winning_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was later deleted&lt;/a&gt;, a version before deletion can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20220601135151/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_winning_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA website: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2203205.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Africa's European Cup final history-makers&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20180417133253/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2203205.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://trueafrica.co/lists/6-african-players-won-uefa-champions-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6 African players who have won the UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20160630164608/https://trueafrica.co/lists/6-african-players-won-uefa-champions-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback machine&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Born in South Africa, represented Zimbabwe.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Born in France, represented Mali.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Born in Spain, represents Morocco.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-13T10:16:14.840" LastActivityDate="2023-05-13T10:16:14.840" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-12-16T17:54:19.513" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16503" CreationDate="2018-12-16T18:52:13.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, on October 19th, 2018, Wimbledon&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;announced that a tie-break will be played if the score reaches 12–12 in the final set of any match; this will apply to all competitions including in qualifying, singles and doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T18:52:13.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20742" CreationDate="2018-12-16T21:47:04.623" Score="0" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that the point after touchdown attempt in the NFL makes for a challenging kick, has successive offensive penalties ever taken a team out of range for the PAT?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T12:52:37.847" Title="Out of PAT range" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2018-12-17T12:52:37.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Out of range&quot; is subjective, so I will leave it up to the reader to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the first week of the 2015 season, the Browns converted a 48-yard PAT. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/cleveland-browns/post/_/id/15572/travis-coons-48-yard-extra-point-may-be-an-nfl-record-or-not&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to ESPN&lt;/a&gt;, this was the longest PAT since 2001, in which the Cardinals converted a 37-yard PAT. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/09/cleveland-browns-48-yard-extra-point-longest-ever-new-rule-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to ForTheWin&lt;/a&gt;, the Redskins converted a 40-yard PAT in 1987 and is believed to be the longest PAT conversion prior to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000493347/article/nfl-moves-extra-point-to-15yard-line-for-2015-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the rule changes implemented in 2015&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T12:52:37.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16685" CreationDate="2018-12-17T13:23:05.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Akwasi Asante scored perfect hat-trick on his debut for Chester FC in November 2018 against Darlington FC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Asante netted on 27 minutes with a header, followed by a left and then right foot effort in the second half ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/sport/football/match-reports/chester-fc-3-darlington-1-15492105&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chester FC 3 Darlington 1: Sublime Akwasi Asante hat-trick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16523" LastEditorUserId="13485" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T15:09:39.470" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T15:09:39.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20746" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-17T22:13:39.993" Score="-1" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;YouTube recently gave me some video suggestions that I watched.  Basically, it was the worst draft picks of all time, worst #1 picks, best underrated draft picks, etc.  Is there any statistics that show high draft picks improve a team in the short and/or long term? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ive been googling, but I cant find anything.  Maybe Im using the wrong search terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T22:42:40.257" Title="Do drafts work?" Tags="|statistics|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20746" CreationDate="2018-12-17T22:42:40.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Picks in higher rounds do better by staying in the league longer, starting more, and being more likely to be Pro-Bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/prishe/2015/05/22/tracking-nfl-draft-efficiency-how-contingent-is-success-to-draft-position/#609ec1d17495&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;forbes.com&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;of starters in the NFL in 2014,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nearly 30% of all starters were 1st round draft picks when drafted into the league;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Roughly 30% were taken in either the 2nd or 3rd round;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Roughly 26% were taken in either rounds 4 through 7;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Undrafted players (14%) were the 3rd most likely group to comprise 2014’s starters…only behind 1st round (30%) and 2nd round (18%) picks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SjKNx.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SjKNx.png&quot; alt=&quot;Correlation between Draft Position and &amp;quot;Starter Status&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-The overall median “percentage of games started” by those players selected in the 2010 NFL Draft is 15%;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-1st round draftees from that season started a higher median percentage of games (67.5%) compared to players drafted in other rounds;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-2nd and 3rd round draftees from 2010 have started roughly 34% and 36% of all possible games, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-The median percentage of games started for players drafted in rounds 4 through 7 from the 2010 draft was extremely low, never rising above 7% of games played over the last 5 years.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XV09S.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XV09S.png&quot; alt=&quot;Correlation between Draft Position and Staying Power&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-48.5% were first round draft picks when they entered the league;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-2nd round picks were the next most likely to reach All-Pro status (14%);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-But then undrafted players were the third most likely at 10.5%;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Lastly, 21% of All-Pros from this period came from either the 3rd, 4th, or 5th round.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tswG6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tswG6.png&quot; alt=&quot;Correlation between Draft Position and Reaching &amp;quot;All-Pro&amp;quot; Status&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T22:42:40.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20246" CreationDate="2018-12-17T23:49:44.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player can not be guaranteed a Super Bowl ring because the ownership makes the decision whether or not someone gets a ring if they did not play in the Super Bowl&#xA;(according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2205/who-gets-super-bowl-rings/2206#2206&quot;&gt;Who gets Super Bowl rings?&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T23:49:44.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17495" CreationDate="2018-12-18T00:12:52.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It made the games more exciting and made offenses less likely to run plays specifically designed to get away from the sideline. In the words of &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/evolution-of-the-nfl-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The closer to the center the marks got, the less reluctant offenses became to design plays toward the sidelines, increasing their play-calling options and excitement for fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closer to the center of the field a team is, the more space it has. Big plays and offense, which are both good for NFL profits, become more common. So the change was about offense and less plays being wasted on moving sideways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T00:12:52.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5275" CreationDate="2018-12-18T13:54:05.440" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/AP_Top25/status/1021424466692399104?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1021424466692399104&amp;amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ffansided.com%2F2018%2F07%2F23%2Fcollege-football-2018-preseason-ap-poll-date%2F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AP&lt;/a&gt; itself on 23 July 2018 regarding the 2018 AP poll:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SAVE THE DATES: The preseason Top 25 will be released on Monday, Aug. 20, at noon Eastern, four weeks from today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preseason AP All-America team will be released 24 hours later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T13:54:05.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20753" CreationDate="2018-12-18T18:58:29.317" Score="1" ViewCount="6268" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which NBA players have won both the awards of Defensive Player of the Year (DPOY) and Most Valuable Player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have any players won both awards in different seasons across their career? Have any players won both awards in the same season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any players have done so, in which season and with which team did these players earn the awards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T21:26:13.430" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T20:17:57.243" Title="What NBA players have won both Defensive Player of the Year and Most Valuable Player?" Tags="|trivia|nba|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20752" CreationDate="2018-12-18T19:31:07.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Won MVP and DPOY during the same season:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Michael Jordan, Chicago Bulls, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1988.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hakeem Olajuwon, Houston Rockets, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1994.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/fl-xpm-2013-04-24-sfl-miami-heat-lebron-james-s042413-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With James expected to again be named NBA Most Valuable Player, it means he will have come up just short in joining Michael Jordan (1988) and Hakeem Olajuwon (1994) as the only players to be named MVP and Defensive Player of the Year for the same season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Won MVP and DPOY during the course of their careers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;David Robinson, San Antonio Spurs, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1992.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992 DPOY&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1995.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995 MVP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevin Garnett, Minnesota Timberwolves/Boston Celtics, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2004.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004 MVP (Timberwolves)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2008.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 DPOY (Celtics)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T19:39:48.050" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T19:39:48.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20719" CreationDate="2018-12-18T19:38:50.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should refer to the boxing organization rules. For example, this is from the WBO rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Committee shall determine if the Vacancy should be filled by a contest between the two Best Classified Contenders Available, or a box off among the four Best Classified Contenders Available. In either event, the contestants as determined by the Championship Committee shall be granted a period not to exceed thirty (30) days to negotiate a contract for the vacant World Championship or an Interim World Championship, as the case may be with a duly qualified promoter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The WBO President may, upon the request from either contestant in a championship or any of the contestants in a box off for which a purse bid has been ordered, order a purse bid to be held within ten (10) days from the date of the request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event that the contestants fail to negotiate the contract within the 30 day period, the President may also order a Purse Bid for that Vacant or Interim Championship, pursuant to the procedure established in these Regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the committee might have decided or maybe the #1 fighter could not reach an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T21:28:04.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20654" CreationDate="2018-12-18T19:39:38.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://nflbreakdowns.com/2015/03/beginner-series-zone-read/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFLBREAKDOWNS&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike most running plays, he does not immediately grab the ball; he keeps his arms open, ready to have the ball taken away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quarterback will pull the ball while the running back has his arms open. If the quarterback realizes he does not want to pull the ball, he will let go. If he lets go, the ball will fall into the running back's hands, and the running back will secure the ball. If it gets very late and the quarterback (who is responsible for &amp;quot;reading&amp;quot; the defense) has not made a decision, fumbles are more likely to occur. When a quarterback pulls the ball very late, it is usually because he has not read the defense quickly and not by design.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T19:39:38.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1623" CreationDate="2018-12-18T21:41:55.030" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 2019 and later rule 4-8-2c was added so that the game can end without the PAT attempt taking place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 2019, Rule 5-1-1 stated that &quot;The game is played by two teams of 11 players each...it is not a foul if a team has fewer than 11 players on the field.&quot;  The term &quot;team&quot; is not defined in Rule 3, but it seems that a team must have at least one player willing to play, if not two, to be called a team by any reasonable definition of the English word &quot;team&quot;.  If no members of the team on defense are present, then we must conclude that the team is not present, thus the game cannot be played per Rule 5-1-1, so there would be no foul possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Of course, in the general case, one can imagine the opponent might be awarded a win by forfeit, but the forfeit is not a &quot;game&quot; decision governed by the rules, but rather a league decision.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10543" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-16T04:26:41.110" LastActivityDate="2020-01-16T04:26:41.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14949" CreationDate="2018-12-18T22:51:46.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000224872/article/evolution-of-the-rules-from-hashmarksto-crackback-blocks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis is mine), in 1955,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is dead immediately if the runner touches the ground with any part of his body except his hands or feet &lt;em&gt;while in the grasp of an opponent&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1956, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball is dead immediately if a runner touches the ground with any part of his body except his hands or feet &lt;em&gt;after being contacted by a defensive player&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it was a rule in 1955 and maybe before (the site does not make this clear).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T22:51:46.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20734" CreationDate="2018-12-19T01:01:33.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Follow these basic tips:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1: See what you are starting with&lt;/strong&gt;:  Start by standing next to a tall wall with a post-it note in your hand.  Jump as high as you possible can and leave the post-it note on the wall where you reach.  Measure how high you reach from the top of the post-it note to the ground.  Try to retest yourself every 2 weeks to gauge your progress.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2: Learn how to build explosive power&lt;/strong&gt;:  Start building up your muscle memory with exercises that enhance your ability to propel yourself higher.  A good exercise to start with is by standing on a bench with one foot, and hopping down from the bench landing with both feet.  As you land, land in a squat and try to reverse your direction upwards  into a jump.  This exercise will help you learn to use the momentum you gained from jumping off the bench, to make your reverse jump up higher.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3: Build your lower body:&lt;/strong&gt; Resistance training is a great way to increase your strength.  A few exercises to start with are leg presses, Bulgarian split squats, calf raises, and dead lifts.  As you train, try to use weights that allow you to do no more then 10 reps and no less then 5 reps and as you get stronger gradually increase the weight.  Do this training once a week and begin adding this slowly into your weekly workout to reduce your risk of injury.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4: Jump Rope:&lt;/strong&gt;  As simple as jumping rope sounds, it can be very effective.  Jumping rope is great cardio and it also increases the size of your calf muscles.  Add jumping rope as fast as you can for 30 seconds into your daily exercise to see major results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16241" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T01:01:33.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20734" CreationDate="2018-12-19T21:53:10.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should focus on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Harmstrings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quads&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Calves&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Glutes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would do these exercices:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Squats&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jump squats&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Calf raises&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Just jumping!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T21:53:10.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20763" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20768" CreationDate="2018-12-19T22:40:06.793" Score="0" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is a home team more or less likely to beat the spread than an away team? Do favored teams or underdogs win against the spread more often? Please include statistics/studies instead of just guessing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A is favored by three points. They beat Team B by two points. Team B won against the spread (or beat the spread).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A is favored by three points. Team B wins. Team B won against the spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A is favored by three points. They win by five points. Team A won against the spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user16493" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T15:48:57.663" Title="In the NFL, how have teams fared against odds from Las Vegas?" Tags="|statistics|nfl|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20765" CreationDate="2018-12-20T01:14:56.403" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the name of the board/wall/plank that keeps table tennis balls from running too far away from the table? In this image, it is the purple and red board/wall/plank around the playing area that has &quot;LIEBHERR&quot; on it.&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nPCiy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nPCiy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16531" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-12-21T00:39:12.293" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T00:39:12.293" Title="What is the name of this table tennis equipment?" Tags="|equipment|terminology|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20764" CreationDate="2018-12-20T14:04:09.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are known as &quot;barriers.&quot; For more information on barriers, refer &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tabletennisspot.com/best-brands-table-tennis-barriers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A preferred brand of table tennis barriers is Stiga:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q2zEV.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q2zEV.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;stiga barrier&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of Stiga barriers being used during an informal competition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/avUbT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/avUbT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;stiga barriers at competition&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T14:04:09.063" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20763" CreationDate="2018-12-20T15:48:57.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is a home team more or less likely to beat the spread than an away team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Less likely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against the spread, the home team is 2001-2074-109 (.47825) since 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamrankings.com/nfl/trends/ats_trends/?sc=is_home&amp;amp;range=yearly_all&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; | Range: Since 2003 | Show: All | Situation: As Home Team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do favored teams or underdogs win against the spread more often?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Underdogs win against the spread more often than favored teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against the spread, the favored team is 1999-2068-110 (.4786) since 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamrankings.com/nfl/trends/ats_trends/?sc=is_fav&amp;amp;range=yearly_since_2003&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; | Range: Since 2003 | Show: All | Situation: As Favored Team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T15:48:57.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20687" CreationDate="2018-12-20T16:44:36.090" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a very key and important detail that these teams play each other more often if they are in the same division. This is because teams within each division are close to each other. That way, it is less expensive to travel to games. So NBA teams play more games with teams close to them, reducing cost. There are also tie-breaker implications. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nba/playoffs/matchups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis is mine),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two-Team Tiebreaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Better record in head-to-head games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division winner (this criterion is applied regardless of whether the tied teams are in the same division)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Higher winning percentage within division (if teams are in the same division)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher winning percentage in conference games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher winning percentage against playoff teams in own conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher winning percentage against playoff teams in opposite conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Higher point differential between points scored and points allowed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Three-Team Tiebreaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division winner (this criterion is applied regardless of whether the tied teams are in the same division)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Best head-to-head winning percentage among all teams tied&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Highest winning percentage within division (if teams are in the same division)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Highest winning percentage in conference games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Highest winning percentage against playoff teams in own conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Highest point differential between points scored and points allowed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16493" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T16:44:36.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20775" CreationDate="2018-12-21T01:50:53.830" Score="4" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Below is shown a position from the famous Fu-Day game of snooker in which Day achieved four snookers. This was aided by the snooker-friendly condition of the balls in a cluster at the end of the table, allowing the cue to be hidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would Fu not clear the cluster by hitting the brown/green to the side of the table? Obviously it will be a foul, but he would only take one foul penalty and it would make it a lot harder for Day to hide the cue after that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r8XSJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/r8XSJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T11:55:24.907" Title="Why not open up the table when it is snooker-friendly?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20773" CreationDate="2018-12-21T11:55:24.907" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most situations, not attempting to hit the ball &quot;on&quot; would be a &quot;Foul and a Miss&quot; and the opponent would have the option of having the balls reset to the position before the shot, rendering this tactic worthless:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker shall, to the best of his ability, endeavour to hit the ball on or a&#xA;  ball that could be on after a Red has been potted. If the referee considers&#xA;  the Rule infringed, he shall call FOUL AND A MISS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After a FOUL AND A MISS has been called, the next player may request&#xA;  the offender to play again from the position left, or at his discretion, from&#xA;  the original position, with all balls being replaced&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official rules&lt;/a&gt;, Section 3, Rule 14 Foul and a Miss). However, my reading of Rule 14 is that &quot;Foul and a Miss&quot; cannot be called if snookers are required:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the referee considers the Rule infringed, he shall call FOUL AND A MISS unless:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(i) any player needed penalty points before, or as a result of, the stroke&#xA;  being played;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so Fu could perhaps have done this. On the other hand, there is Section 4, Rule 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the event of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;any conduct by a Player which in the opinion of the referee is wilfully&#xA;  or persistently unfair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the referee has the option of awarding the frame to the opponent. I don't know what counts as &quot;wilfully unfair&quot; for world class players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T11:55:24.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-23T08:40:48.883" Score="2" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46616768&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;report of BBC&lt;/a&gt;, there are one sentence that make me attention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;United's statement announcing Solskjaer's arrival as caretaker manager made no mention of whether or not he will return to Molde when the Premier League season ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the Norwegian club stressed they were only &amp;quot;lending&amp;quot; Solskjaer to United, indicating they expect him to return to his previous role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of cases of borrowing a player from other clubs, but seems this is the first time I hear a club borrow a manager from other club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12685" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T05:50:17.823" Title="Is the appointment of Ole Gunnar Solskjaer as Man Utd caretaker is the first case of &quot;borrow&quot; a manager in football history?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20780" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-24T02:49:17.423" Score="1" ViewCount="3100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the plane of the goal line not applied on punts? Ball can break the plane on a punt and player can knock it back into the field of play and it is considered not to be a touch back. This seems to be inconsistent with a touchdown breaking plane. For that matter, it is inconsistent with the rule for a safety where the ball must be completely past the plane of the goal line in the field of play not to be considered a safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16546" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-23T06:53:26.630" LastActivityDate="2019-11-23T06:53:26.630" Title="Why is the plane of the goal line not applied on punts?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20781" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-24T13:12:10.043" Score="1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referees ruled that the Jets had too many defensive players on the field by a review in their game on December 23, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you review offside, holding, or any penalty for that matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16549" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2018-12-24T17:46:14.773" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T17:41:31.427" Title="Reviewing a penalty in the NFL" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20286" CreationDate="2018-12-24T14:21:17.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many gyms at bigger tournaments (World Championships, Championsleague)  radar guns (eg. Bushnell or Sports Ball Radar Gun) are used at the end of the court. They are used to measure serve speed and attacking speed. The problem with these numbers is, that they are only reliable if the serve or attack is directed at the speed gun as the measurements accuracy is dependent on the angle between the direction of the radar gun and the trajectory of the ball.&#xA;Anyway, although radar guns are not so accurate the Hawk Eye System is very rarly in use in Volleyball, the radar gun is much more wide spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16474" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T14:21:17.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20781" CreationDate="2018-12-26T13:43:16.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Penalties are not reviewable, except for number of players on the field before the snap. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#article-4.-non-reviewable-plays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T17:41:31.427" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T17:41:31.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20780" CreationDate="2018-12-26T13:54:39.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the rules of the NFL, a touchdown is scored when a player crosses the goal line with control of the ball. As the NFL has interpreted it, the play is over as soon as a player &lt;strong&gt;running with the ball&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;breaks the plane of the goal line&quot;. However, you'll note that passes into the endzone require the player to make the catch, the play is not over simply because the ball crossed the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Punts are similar. You'll note that punting team players need to knock the punt back out of the endzone without touching the endzone. If they touch the ball while in the endzone, it's considered to be down in the endzone and therefore a touchback to the receiving team. Hence, this is why they leap into the endzone to knock back a punt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T13:54:39.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-29T23:47:52.737" Score="0" ViewCount="7155" Body="&lt;p&gt;During various games, the kickers of each team accidentally kick the ball out of bounds. Usually, when the kick crosses the midfield line, and goes deeper into the receiving team's territory, it is usually placed at that team's 40 yard line. What would happen if the ball went out of bounds at the kicking team's 46 yard line, where would the ball be placed? It should not be placed at the receiving team's 40 yard line, giving them a disadvantage, Does anybody know the specifications of the rule, and where the ball is placed according to the place that the ball goes out of bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T08:34:19.690" Title="What is the specification for the Kicking out of bounds rule?" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20692" CreationDate="2018-12-29T23:53:12.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to optimumtennis.net, you should make sure you have proper positioning. Some other tips are to avoid a closed racket, holding your racket with a closed grip upon contact. You should also make sure that your swing angle is correct, from low to high. The other tips for a forehand stroke is to follow through, and transfer your weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2018-12-29T23:53:12.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-30T15:47:31.320" Score="1" ViewCount="3204" Body="&lt;p&gt;An attacker passes the ball backwards but it hits a defender and deflects forward to another attacker coming from an an offside position. The attacker gains control, turns and shoots toward goal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is the play to be disallowed for an offside pass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16567" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-25T12:05:31.540" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T12:05:31.540" Title="In football, is it offside if an attacker passes backwards but it deflects forward of a defender?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20799" CreationDate="2018-12-30T21:30:22.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Offside. All what matters is the relative position of ball and receiver (forward) at the time of the pass. The rules do not specify anything about the direction of the pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Law 11 of the FIFA Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Offside position&#xA;  A player is in an offside position if- he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent.&#xA;  A player is not in an offside position if he is in his own half of the field of play OR he is level with the second-last opponent OR he is level with the last two opponents&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a deliberate pass by the defender however, the forward is not offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T21:30:22.627" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20808" CreationDate="2018-12-31T03:08:51.593" Score="1" ViewCount="2532" Body="&lt;p&gt;In close game situations in the NFL, if for example the opposing quarterback completes a pass to one of their receivers, can you challenge the ruling on the field with no timeout? This is questionable, as you can call a timeout and then the officials will review that play. Also, you lose a timeout when you call a challenge, so why wouldn't coaches always challenge outside the 2 minute mark if you did not have a timeout to lose (assuming that the challenging team has a coach's challenge left)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-22T22:25:51.810" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T22:25:51.810" Title="Can you call a coach's challenge when you do not have a timeout?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20928" CreationDate="2019-01-01T05:30:49.320" Score="4" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;In straight pool there is a rule to prevent nursing, which means nudging a ball to the rail as a safety. Without this rule players could spend hours just playing one safety after another nursing balls along the rail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In snooker, however, there is no such rule, and, in fact, a player does not even need to hit a rail, so players could safety just by nudging balls a quarter of an inch on each hit, although I do not seem to see them do this. Is there any reason why snooker players cannot nurse balls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T03:47:51.820" Title="What prevents players from nursing the balls in snooker?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20803" CreationDate="2019-01-01T07:33:46.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The premise of the question is fundamentally wrong. Playing the ball to a difficult position and leaving the racked reds as intact as possible is a common early-game tactic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only when the reds are freed up do the players begin earnestly seeking points, but this is the only point where such nursing would become possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tactic works because the players are required to make contact with a ball on, meaning a red, at each visit. The size of the table (and the skill of players to make a pot on any loose ball and set up the colour afterwards, at the higher level) makes this an extremely difficult thing to maintain for an indefinite time. Eventually the racked reds are sufficiently broken to enable a substantial break, and leave insufficient cover to resume &quot;nursing&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the opportunity to begin snookering the opponent grows as the number of balls on dwindles, so the switch between aggressive attack and conservative defence can occur multiple times throughout a frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T07:40:03.137" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T07:40:03.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20796" CreationDate="2019-01-02T08:34:19.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in Article 6.2.3 of the NFL ruleset:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a kickoff out of bounds: The receiving team may elect to take possession of the ball 25 yards from the&#xA;  spot of the kick or at the out-of-bounds spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in case of a kickoff from the kicking teams 35 yard line going out of bounds at the receiving teams 46 yard line, the receiving team can opt for either their 40 yard line (25 yards from the spot of the kick) or 46 yard line (out-of-bounds spot) to start their drive, most likely opting for the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16129" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T08:34:19.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20802" CreationDate="2019-01-02T08:47:08.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A challenge with no timeouts left is not possible. And it will cost the team 15 yards, if the coach tries to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 2 - Instant Replay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team may not challenge a reviewable play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;after the two-minute warning of each half;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;throughout any overtime period;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;after committing a foul that delays the next snap; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;after exhausting all of its challenges or timeouts&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trying to challenge a call without permission is penalized as follows: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a team initiates a challenge when it is not permitted to do so, it&#xA;  will be charged a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For initiating a challenge when a team has exhausted its timeouts:&#xA;  Loss of 15 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T08:47:08.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-02T17:28:26.447" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shortstop Troy Tulowitski was recently &quot;DFA&quot;ed (Designated For Assignment) by the Toronto Blue Jays. He signed with the New York Yankees for the league minimum, $555,000 and the Blue Jays still have to pay the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16583/what-happens-when-a-baseball-player-is-dfaed-and-then-signs-with-another-team/20247#20247&quot;&gt;difference&lt;/a&gt; between this figure and his contract salary of $20 million, or $19.445 million.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose he had received, and rejected an offer from another team for $1 million. Would the Blue Jays still have to pay the whole difference of $19.445 million, or only $19 million ($20 million minus the $1 million higher offer)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the former, are there any other disincentives against someone rejecting a higher offer in favor of playing for a preferred team? (In a normal contract situation, a player needs to weigh the two considerations against each other, because no third party is &quot;topping up&quot; his salary.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T17:28:26.447" Title="If a DFA'd player has two offers and rejects the higher one, will his original team be responsible for the difference between them?" Tags="|mlb|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20815" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-05T07:54:20.217" Score="1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the most tennis matches a man or woman has had to play to win a WTA or ATP tournament in the open era?. At the ASB Classic in Auckland, NZ, Bianca Andreescu is playing the final tomorrow in what will be her 8th match as this tourney (she had 3 x qualifying matches and 5 x main draw matches including the final). I know no qualifier has ever won a major so they will all be 7 matches. Has anyone ever had more than 8 matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-01-05T18:07:51.500" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T18:07:51.500" Title="Tennis men's or women's singles - most matches played to win a single tournament" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20815" CreationDate="2019-01-05T09:53:39.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Won 9 matches at an ATP tournament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Carretero&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roberto Carretero&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Panasonic_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1996 Hamburg Masters&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;winning three matches in qualification and six matches in the main&#xA;draw. See: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men&amp;#39;s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1010001244&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF archive&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-tennis-us-salem/french-qualifier-herbert-maintains-marathon-run-idUKKCN0QX2KN20150829&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190105091946/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-tennis-us-salem/french-qualifier-herbert-maintains-marathon-run-idUKKCN0QX2KN20150829&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1a&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=carretero+%22nine+matches%22+hamburg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;other sources&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-01-05T11:55:34.590" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T11:55:34.590" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-01-05T09:53:39.113" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20817" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T00:25:09.050" Score="0" ViewCount="535" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball carrier falls to the ground, and the other team wishes to run the clock because they are leading, how many seconds will the umps allow the clock to run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16586" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-01-14T10:18:23.630" LastActivityDate="2019-02-01T13:12:45.043" Title="If a ball carrier falls to the ground, how many seconds will the umps allow the clock to run?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-04-08T10:12:03.863" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-01-06T04:14:44.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Up to 40 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#article-1.-40-second-play-clock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rule 4, Section 6, Article 1 states&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is a delay of the game if the ball is not put in play by a snap within 40 seconds after the start of the play clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16587" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T04:14:44.200" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20820" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T04:28:57.057" Score="2" ViewCount="2558" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of overs with the same ball in a cricket test match.  I have asked this question on google and not given satisfactory answer, could you please advise of law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16588" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T20:01:38.017" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T11:53:53.907" Title="What is the maximum number of overs that can be bowled with one ball in Test cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21134" CreationDate="2019-01-06T17:14:05.560" Score="8" ViewCount="35340" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the Seahawks playoff game on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201901050dal.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 January 2019&lt;/a&gt; and the kicker got injured. For instance, if the Seahawks won that game, could they sign a new player to replace the injured kicker or is the signing period complete after a certain point in the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16390" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:36:05.283" LastActivityDate="2023-01-16T23:32:04.993" Title="Can a team sign an NFL player during the playoffs?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|postseason|transaction|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20820" CreationDate="2019-01-06T20:01:03.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no hard limit. So long as the ball is fit for play, any number of overs (in one innings; the ball is always replaced at the start of every innings&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) may be bowled with it should the fielding captain wish to do so. However, should a ball which is more than 110 overs old become unfit for play, it &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; be replaced with a new ball; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/061adf29-5cf7-486b-858b-ca5ad6bde935/03-Mens-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 4.5 of the current Test Match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, during play, the ball cannot be found or recovered or the umpires&#xA;  agree that it has become unfit for play through normal use, the&#xA;  umpires shall replace it with a ball which has had wear comparable&#xA;  with that which the previous ball had received before the need for its&#xA;  replacement. When the ball is replaced, the umpires shall inform the&#xA;  batsmen and the fielding captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, if the ball needs to be replaced after 110 overs for any of the&#xA;  reasons above, it shall be replaced by a new ball. If the ball is to be&#xA;  replaced, the umpires shall inform the batsmen, the fielding captain and&#xA;  the scorers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second paragraph here is an addition to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;general Law 4&lt;/a&gt;. This change to the playing conditions occurred after a couple of incidents where teams &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; want to carry on bowling with an very old ball; once the old ball went out of shape, it practically became almost impossible to find a ball &quot;which has had wear comparable with that which the previous ball had received&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. This is a theoretical difference between the general Laws and the Test Match playing conditions; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20659/6126&quot;&gt;see this answer for more details&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T20:01:03.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20847" CreationDate="2019-01-06T23:11:35.843" Score="2" ViewCount="1533" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why isn't the football placed at the last yard line where it was if a field goal is attempted? In the Eagles/Bears &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201901060chi.htm#pbp_79&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;playoff game on 6 January 2019&lt;/a&gt;, the ball was run to the 11 yard line. Then they kicked it from the 29 yard line. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16593" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2019-01-09T19:35:46.073" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T19:35:46.073" Title="Why is the ball moved back during a field goal attempt?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20826" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T23:29:26.997" Score="1" ViewCount="655" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's my understanding that if you touch the ground with your head (while in contact with a defender) you are down. Are you down if your head touches the defender who is sitting/laying on the ground (knees, elbows and rest of body have yet to contact ground)? What are the rules surrounding falling on other players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was watching the Bears play the Eagles when a Bear caught a pass, then touched an Eagle (who was sitting on ground) with his head, only to have the ball ripped from his possession before any other part of his body touched anything else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16594" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T08:50:14.240" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T15:24:03.580" Title="Are you down if your head touches a defender who is laying on the ground?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20826" CreationDate="2019-01-07T00:03:49.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player is not down until &lt;strong&gt;they&lt;/strong&gt; touch the ground with something other than a hand or foot,  either after a tackle or while touched by an opposing player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since an opposing player is not the ground, the player is not down. Otherwise any time a defensive player touched the ball carrier, they would be at risk of being downed, since the defender is almost surely standing on the ground at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, this is entirely legitimate play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T00:03:49.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20822" CreationDate="2019-01-07T01:11:06.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The deadline for extending drafted rookie contracts, franchise player offers, signing a team's unrestricted free agent, and a team's restricted free agent according to NFL.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;November 13 -- At 4:00 p.m., New York time, signing period ends for Franchise Players who are eligible to receive offer sheets. &#xA;       November 13 -- Prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, deadline for clubs to sign their unsigned Franchise and Transition Players, including Franchise Players who were eligible to receive offer sheets until this date. If still unsigned after this date, such players are prohibited from playing in the NFL in 2018.&#xA;       November 13 -- Prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, deadline for clubs to sign their Unrestricted Free Agents to whom the &quot;May 9 Tender&quot; was made. If still unsigned after this date, such players are prohibited from playing in the NFL in 2018.&#xA;       November 13 -- Prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, deadline for clubs to sign their Restricted Free Agents, including those to whom the &quot;June 1 Tender&quot; was made. If such players remain unsigned after this date, they are prohibited from playing in the NFL in 2018.&#xA;       November 13 -- Prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, deadline for clubs to sign their drafted rookies. If such players remain unsigned after this date, they are prohibited from playing in the NFL in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T01:11:06.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20832" CreationDate="2019-01-07T03:10:03.243" Score="5" ViewCount="5631" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throughout many NFL games, there is almost always one pre-snap call, and many of those are on the offense for a small flinch. During all of the games that I have watched, I see refs calling out mostly different penalties that are related to the false start. What are the key differences between these three penalties, encroachment, neutral zone infraction and offside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T03:25:57.713" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T19:26:48.563" Title="What is the difference between a offside and a neutral zone infraction in the NFL?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20825" CreationDate="2019-01-07T03:19:05.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m assuming that you are talking about the 29-yard field goal Chicago made to end the half. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chicago got to the 11 yard line and decided to kick a field goal. When the field goal play starts, the ball was snapped from the 11 yard line. However, the ball is snapped back to where the kicker is located about 8 yards back, on the 19 yard line. This is considered a 29 yard field goal, because the goal posts are located at the back of end zone, 10 yards past the goal line. So when the kicker is located on the 19 yard line, it is called a 29 yard field goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a pretty typical situation. Whatever yard line the ball is on for the start of a field goal play, you can add about 17 or 18 yards to determine the distance of the field goal kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T03:24:34.487" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T03:24:34.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20829" CreationDate="2019-01-07T07:23:18.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Offside:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A defender crosses the Line of Scrimmage before the snap (without touching an opponent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Encroachment:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Offside, but with touching an opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neutral zone infraction:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This is basically the same rule as offside, but will usually be called when a defender causes an offense player to false start by committing an offside foul or a defender already lines up illegally (e.g. head sticking out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T07:23:18.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20829" CreationDate="2019-01-07T08:51:24.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few fouls that can happen at the start of a down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;False Start: Movement of an offensive player prior to the snap, e.g. a lineman changing their stance or a receiver moving forward.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Encroachment: Movement of defensive player into the neutral zone prior to the snap who then touches an opponent or the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Neutral Zone Infraction: Movement of defensive player into the neutral zone prior to the snap who causes the reaction of an opponent in close proximity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Offside: Player lined up in the neutral zone, can be caused by both offense and defense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal Motion: One offensive player in the backfield is allowed to move parallel or backwards, all others have to be set for at least a second, if any of this is violated it's an illegal motion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal Formation: Offense must have 7 players at the line, eligible receivers left and right to their linemen and not between linemen. Failing to do so is an illegal formation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;12 Men On The Field: You are only allowed to have 11 men on the field, with the ruling being a bit more strict for offense, including the huddle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delay Of Game: If the offense fails to put the ball in play before the play clock runs out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these fouls will cause a 5 yard penalty, but no automatic first down (in case of a defensive foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more about this in the rules sections 7.4 (action at or before the snap), 5.1/2 (players and substitutions), 3.19/20 (scrimmage line, neutral zone, offside).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16129" LastEditorUserId="17052" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T19:26:48.563" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T19:26:48.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20826" CreationDate="2019-01-07T15:24:03.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player is not down because he did not touch the ground with his head. You will sometimes see runners roll over the top of other players who are on the ground and keep going if the referees have not whistled the play dead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16599" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T15:24:03.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25297" CreationDate="2019-01-07T16:26:22.343" Score="1" ViewCount="1324" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 6 January 2019 NFL wild card playoff game between the Eagles and Bears, Bears kicker Cody Parkey &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/eKWQRC5t0K0?t=822&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;missed a game-winning FG&lt;/a&gt; that hit the left upright and then the crossbar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a video showing Jason Hansen of the Lions &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/NHtx0lhySfE?t=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hitting the right upright and then the left upright&lt;/a&gt; on a successful FG attempt in 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found a video showing Gavin Patterson of South Alabama &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.12up.com/posts/5729626-video-this-field-goal-hit-the-goalpost-3-times-and-somehow-went-in&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hitting the left upright and then the crossbar twice&lt;/a&gt; on a successful FG attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But has a college or NFL kicker ever hit both uprights and the crossbar on a FG or extra point attempt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-25T14:09:56.760" LastActivityDate="2020-10-25T17:08:52.753" Title="Has a field goal or extra point attempt ever hit both uprights and the crossbar?" Tags="|american-football|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20837" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-07T20:22:03.563" Score="1" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can a time out be called during a field goal attempt if the ball is not dead. The center has the ball placed, the play clock is running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Referee shall suspend play while the ball is dead and declare a charged team timeout upon the request for a timeout by the head coach or any player to any official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 1. Dead Ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Dead Ball is one that is not in play. The time period during which&#xA;  the ball is dead is Between Downs. This includes the interval during&#xA;  all timeouts, including intermission, and from the time the ball&#xA;  becomes dead until it is legally put in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Article 2. Ball Ready for Play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Dead Ball is Ready for Play while the 40-second Play Clock is&#xA;  running when the ball is placed down by an official at the spot where&#xA;  the ball will next be put in play, or when the Referee signals for the&#xA;  25-second Play Clock to start&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-01-08T13:02:41.547" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T17:12:01.373" Title="Timeout in play ball" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20837" CreationDate="2019-01-08T13:24:28.140" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what you're trying to ask, but you can call a timeout (assuming you have one) anytime between the official signaling the previous play is over and when the ball is snapped for the next play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T13:24:28.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20469" CreationDate="2019-01-08T14:31:06.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PZA5S.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PZA5S.png&quot; alt=&quot;So here is the list of all the players having played a team at least 4 times in a single season, there were no 5 times&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So using a similar method as was used before just adding in playoffs as one of the criteria: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pfref.com/tiny/ra52c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://pfref.com/tiny/ra52c&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16603" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T14:31:06.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20837" CreationDate="2019-01-08T16:33:14.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a question here about what might be a dead ball. The ball is considered dead until the center snaps the ball. Offside is considered a dead ball foul as is delay of game. The center possessing the ball is not a sign that the ball is in play. Ready for play is not the same as in play. Therefore, up until the ball is snapped by the center or long snapper a player or coach can call timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16603" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T16:33:14.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-08T20:32:29.037" Score="0" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Below is a position from a match between O'Sullivan and Hendry. Hendry has just nudged the cue ball into the pack of reds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1VwTF.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1VwTF.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously O'Sullivan could just do the same thing, hitting the cue ball into the pack very softly so it just barely touches one of the reds. Then both of them could just do that forever. Is there a rule that prevents this behavior?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in straight pool there are specific rules to prevent this from happening, but in snooker, no such rule seems to exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T20:32:29.037" Title="Why can't player's nudge balls indefinitely in snooker?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-04-03T07:52:12.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20825" CreationDate="2019-01-08T20:44:31.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kicking it from the 11 yard line would be impossible because there is the defensive line right across the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicker needs some space otherwise every field goal would be blocked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T20:44:31.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20848" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20893" CreationDate="2019-01-08T20:50:10.117" Score="1" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand why most QB's lick their hands when they’re on the field. I guess it helps with the grip. But why so many of them keep licking their hands even when they are on the sidelines? Is it a bad habit most of them get in? Do they even lick their hands outside the stadium too?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2019-01-09T15:42:30.153" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T17:45:41.560" Title="Why do quarterbacks lick their hands even when sitting on the sidelines?" Tags="|american-football|quarterback|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20825" CreationDate="2019-01-09T13:58:38.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The typical formation of field goals are covered, but it is important to note that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2018-nfl-rulebook/#section-11-field-goal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules&lt;/a&gt; does not require said formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 3, Section 11 states, in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Field Goal is made by a drop kick or a place kick from (a) &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt; or&#xA;  behind the line on a play from scrimmage or (b) during a fair catch&#xA;  kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, one may attempt a place kick from &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt; the line of scrimmage to convert. However, this is unlikely due to the defensive line on the line of scrimmage. I suppose an unconventional formation can to achieve this, but I cannot think of a practical way for this to occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T13:58:38.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2019-01-09T15:58:37.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given my interpretation of the first question I will pose it in my words. First pitch the batter hits a foul pop up that the fielder drops that should have been caught. That fielder gets an error. The next pitch the batter hits a clean single. For that at bat it is my opinion the batter gets a hit so his box score shows a single even though an error is also present. &#xA;Basis 10.12  indicates the drop foul fall prolonged the at bat. Thus, to that point there was no at bat charged. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16608" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T15:58:37.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20854" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-11T09:40:37.443" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is kicked from the in-goal area, where does a player have to stand to be onside? Do they have to be behind the kicker (as they would if the ball were kicked from the main field of play) or do they just have to be in their in-goal area?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16616" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T16:31:23.667" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T23:35:51.240" Title="What counts as &quot;onside&quot; when a ball is kicked from the in-goal area?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20855" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-11T11:36:04.673" Score="2" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that you must serve from server right side to receiver right side and all that. But when exactly is the ball counted as 'in' regarding the middle line. Is it the center of the ball or is it fine if any part of the ball (seen from the top) touches? Like in regular tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16545" LastEditorUserId="16545" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T23:40:25.087" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T20:10:10.517" Title="When is the ball on the correct side in double table tennis serve?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20856" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-11T15:46:47.280" Score="2" ViewCount="2009" Body="&lt;p&gt;runner on 1st. ball is hit to outfield. runner advances to 3rd missing 2nd base. the throw coming in to 3rd base goes into dugout. What is the proper call? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16619" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T23:50:17.580" LastActivityDate="2022-10-03T23:53:25.443" Title="What is the call when a runner misses 2nd base on a 1st to 3rd and a dead ball call?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20856" CreationDate="2019-01-11T16:09:52.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would happen is each player offensive player would get 2 bases from where they were at the start of the play. ie: The batter would advance to second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to SportsRec.com and the official MLB rulebook,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball gets by the first baseman and skips out of play, the umpire will place the batter at second base. The rule is that when the defensive team puts the ball out of play, the batter will get two bases from the base he was at when the play started. Because the batter started the play at home, two bases would put him at second base. It doesn't matter that he was just a few feet from the base when it went out of play. He is entitled to second base and that's it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is proof that inside the dugout is out of play from baseballrulesacademy.com, verified with the official MLB rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The lip of the dugout is considered in play but the steps going down to the dugout and the floor of the dugout is dead ball area. If the fielder does not have both feet on the playing field at the time of the catch, it is not a catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, both of these concepts apply, and since the dugout is out of bounds, both of the runners would advance 2 bases. It would not matter that he did not touch second base, he would advance to third base, but if he had touched 2nd base before the ball was thrown out of play, then he would be awarded 2 bases, he would go to home base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T16:32:10.167" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T16:32:10.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20858" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-11T18:32:24.327" Score="1" ViewCount="1032" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can an opposing player take the ball from the goalie, inside the goalie's area, when the goalie has placed it on the ground to kick it?  The ball is no longer in the goalie's hands at this point, but rather, has been placed on the ground. Which rule in the FIFA rules explains this best? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16620" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T20:00:45.553" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T15:05:30.680" Title="Can an opposing player take the ball from the goalie, inside the goalie's area, when the goalie has placed it on the ground to kick it" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-01-23T06:41:59.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20854" CreationDate="2019-01-11T20:29:27.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The in-goal is considered part of the playing area (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 1 &lt;em&gt;The ground&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player can be offside anywhere in the playing area (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 &lt;em&gt;Offside and onside in open play&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, verbatim paragraph 2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The in-goal is treated no differently, and they are offside until they are put onside again by any of the methods outlined in the rest of Law 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T23:35:51.240" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T23:35:51.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16117" CreationDate="2019-01-12T14:42:35.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without seeing the play it is difficult to access. I agree with comments but would also note the pitcher is probably unlikely to know where the runners on base (first and or second) are when he/she has the ball. My opinion, is the catcher will communicate to the pitcher which base to throw to. It could be third, possible second or first. Throwing to third or even second if feasible provides for a double play opportunity. If throwing to third or second is not a good call the catcher would communicate to throw to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16610" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T14:42:35.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20858" CreationDate="2019-01-12T15:05:30.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's in open play, this is perfectly fine as long as it's not a foul against the goalie and the goalie does not touch the ball with his hand. If the goalie put down the ball to do a free kick or a goal kick, no opponent is allowed to touch the ball as it is not open. See the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9th law of the game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA4x3AgLAMk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you'll find a few (and related) examples of the situation you are describing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T15:05:30.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20855" CreationDate="2019-01-12T21:21:06.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/2018ITTFHandbook_v2.pdf_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.1.6&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  For doubles, each court shall be divided into 2 equal half-courts by a white centre line, 3mm wide, running parallel with the side lines; the centre line shall be regarded as part of each right half-court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.6.3&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then touches directly the receiver's court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all there is in the rules on the double serve, i.e. &quot;out&quot; is not defined. Generally, out does not need to be defined in table tennis, as &quot;out&quot; is the same as &quot;off the table&quot;. Since there is no VAR, I guess it doesn't make too much sense to specify how much of the ball has to be above the line because the umpire would not be able to judge this anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-30T20:10:10.517" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T20:10:10.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12837" CreationDate="2019-01-13T21:38:11.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In England they say either setter @ X or P X ie P4. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American they use Row X but it’s different to P. I believe row 1 is P6, row 2 is P5, row 3 is P4 etc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12868" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T21:38:11.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20868" CreationDate="2019-01-13T23:15:00.573" Score="4" ViewCount="16590" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of 8-ball: suppose my opponent plays his/her shot without a foul, and the cue ball ends in a touching-ball situation (that is, the white ball stops right next to a ball, declared to be touching upon a close inspection). So now it is my turn to play, having been handed a touching ball situation, I see two scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cue ball is in a touching situation with one of my own balls (say I had called &lt;em&gt;stripes&lt;/em&gt; at the start of the game). Then I can call the touching ball to be my next shot, and it suffices to shoot the cue ball away from it, and it would count as if I had hit the called ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cue ball is in a touching situation with one of my opponent's balls (solid color). Then by the same token, no matter what shot I call, shooting away would appear as if I had first hit my opponent's ball, because the cue ball &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt; in touching with an opponent's ball. But that wouldn't make any sense, because I would then simply have no legal shots, and any play would be foul before me making any shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To remedy the 2nd scenario, I've been reading the rules again, and there's no bit that directly addresses this situation, namely, a touching situation where the two balls are the cue ball and one of opponent's ball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In one case&lt;/a&gt;, the rules say the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.9 Touching Balls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is touching an object ball, the shooter must not play&#xA;the cue ball in the direction of that ball. He is considered to have&#xA;hit the touching ball when he shoots away from it if the ball is on&#xA;for the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it does not specify, what if the touching ball is an opponent's ball, it seems to assume the touching ball is one of my own balls, hence the remark at the end &amp;quot;...if the ball is on for the shot.&amp;quot; It can only be &lt;em&gt;on for a shot&lt;/em&gt; if it is one of my own balls (stripes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bca-pool.com/general/custom.asp?page=55&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another source&lt;/a&gt; suggests something somewhat orthogonal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.18     FAILURE TO CONTACT OBJECT BALL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a foul if on a stroke the cue ball fails to make contact with any legal object ball first.&#xA;Playing away from a touching ball does not constitute having hit that&#xA;ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are such touching ball situations resolved? What legal shots do I have in case of 1. and 2.? Specially in case of 2., can I hit away from the touching ball even if the cue ball had been in touching/frozen situation with one of opponent's balls?&#xA;It would be incredibly useful if you could also include a link to the rules with which you answer the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16629" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T19:49:19.783" Title="Touching ball scenario in 8-ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20867" CreationDate="2019-01-13T23:40:26.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules for these cases are deliberately exceptional, to avoid players seeking to create touching ball scenarios instead of shooting their own object balls, i.e. playing pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 2 would indeed make no sense if it was a guaranteed foul, so touching ball on the opponent's ball is never considered a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is treated for all intents and purposes as if the cue ball can't be legally played in that direction, but it is perfectly fine to play away, with the usual restrictions that the shooter's own object ball must be contacted and must be contacted first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario 1 is much the same, though for a different reason. When the cue strikes the cue ball, the cue ball is immediately in contact with the object ball, while the cue remains in contact with the cue ball. This would normally be a push shot and a foul, again making no sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the rules consider this to be an object ball &lt;em&gt;already struck by the cue ball&lt;/em&gt;. They then require the cue ball to be played away freely, as this avoids further nonsense such as merely tapping the cue on the cue ball and leaving it in exactly the same place, and putting the opponent in Scenario 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T23:40:26.233" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-14T03:57:36.937" Score="-1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the any place that you can scan an autograph to a data base to find out what player you have. I have been left multiple signed baseballs but have no idea who they are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16631" LastActivityDate="2019-02-01T11:01:58.383" Title="Baseball Autographs" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-01-14T16:31:33.653" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;once the play is over the refs will stop the clock asap if there is a reason to such as a timeout or an incomplete pass (if they don't do so on time they will likely ask for the clock to be reset to the correct position), otherwise the clock won't stop at all they just keep going (and the offense has 40 seconds to start the next play). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-01-14T16:31:33.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20692" CreationDate="2019-01-14T20:00:30.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What to do:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stand next to the ball&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make sure you are in the right grip&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make sure you have both hands on the racket (right hand at the bottom if right-handed) then turn, let your let hand go and swing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Make sure you follow through &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Get back in your ready positio before it bounces on the other side&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not to do:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stand in front of the ball&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hit with both hands&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Not follow through&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Not get back in the ready position afterwards&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16636" LastActivityDate="2019-01-14T20:00:30.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20875" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-15T17:21:57.697" Score="1" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;A pop fly is hit along the first base foul line between home plate and first base. It lands in fair territory, but with the spin, it bounces three feet into foul territory. Before the ball is allowed to bounce a second time in foul territory, the pitcher catches it in mid-air. No one touched the ball until it was three feet in foul territory, when the ball was caught in mid-air. Is this a fair or a foul ball, since it took place inside the first base bag?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16641" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T17:53:04.563" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:18:53.423" Title="Fair or Foul Ruling?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20875" CreationDate="2019-01-15T17:51:01.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition for &quot;Fair Ball&quot; in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a fly ball lands in the infield between home and first base, or&#xA;  home and third base, and then bounces to foul territory without&#xA;  touching a player or umpire and before passing first or third base, it&#xA;  is a foul ball; or if the ball settles on foul territory or is touched&#xA;  by a player on foul territory, it is a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, this scenario is a foul ball, given the pitcher who catches it in mid-air is also in foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T17:51:01.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20880" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-16T13:09:48.573" Score="2" ViewCount="4579" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing pool today and my opponent purposely hit the black out of the way of the pocket instead of hitting his own ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are you meant to proceed in this scenario, does the ball go in hand or are you meant to play one shot from were the ball lies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16647" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T23:23:02.727" Title="Purposely hitting the black ball away from the pocket when not on the black" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-16T19:10:19.670" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am playing in a mixed league, and they state that if a team has more than 6 people, they can use a rotation substitution, but that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player must substitute for the same gender (i.e. men sub for men / women sub for women).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And they claim that it is based on USAV rules... but is this anywhere in the USAV rules? I have checked as thoroughly as I can and the closest I've found is that if a Libero is used,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a female Libero may only replace regular female players. A male Libero may only replace regular male players.&#xA;   But that does not apply to our league as we do not use Liberos. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule sucks for our team of 7 players, as we are forced to choose one gender to rotate out while the other gender plays the whole time, rather than everybody rotating evenly. I have looked at rules for other mixed leagues and haven't seen anything like it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16650" LastEditorUserId="16650" LastEditDate="2019-01-17T18:58:01.490" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T16:03:43.860" Title="Do the official USAV rules for mixed volleyball require all rotations to be same gender?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20880" CreationDate="2019-01-16T23:23:02.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Eight-ball&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on the ruleset being used. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/wrules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English Pool Association says&lt;/a&gt; it is a Loss Of Frame foul:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loss of Frame Fouls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any deliberate attempt to prevent the opponent from potting the Eight Ball, when the opponent is on the Eight Ball, by way of a Serious Foul or other unsporting manoeuvre.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Pool Billiards Association says&lt;/a&gt; it may only be a Standard Foul, which is penalised by the opponent receiving ball in hand anywhere on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.9 Standard Fouls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the shooter commits a foul, play passes to his opponent. The cue ball is in hand, and the incoming player may place it anywhere on the playing surface. (See 1.5 Cue Ball in Hand.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following are standard fouls at eight ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.2 Wrong Ball First  The first ball contacted by the cue ball on each shot must belong to the shooter’s group, except when the table is open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Blackball&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a Loss Of Rack foul. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/#Blackball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Pool Billiards Association says&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.14 Loss of Rack Fouls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player loses the rack if he:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) intentionally violates 6.2 Wrong Ball First; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) does not attempt to hit a ball on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again however, you may be playing to other rulesets, and this should be clarified in them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T23:23:02.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16211" CreationDate="2019-01-17T05:59:22.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shooter wins the rack if they sink the black ball, and do not commit a foul under the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it is a free shot, the shooter cannot be called foul under 6.2 Wrong Ball First.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They may of course shoot the cue ball into the opponent ball, so that it contacts the black ball and sinks it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this meets the conditions of the introduction to part 5 for winning the rack, they have won, subject to not making an illegal shot and breaching rule 5.14, part (a) for a Loss of Rack foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T05:59:22.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-17T09:25:31.350" Score="3" ViewCount="3019" Body="&lt;p&gt;If my opponent sinks the black ball by their hand, do I win or carry on playing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16653" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-01-19T01:29:28.917" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T16:01:40.340" Title="What happens when my opponent sinks the black ball by hand?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12796" CreationDate="2019-01-17T21:35:58.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As others have noted, there are no real requirements on this.  Most players specify their college, though in recent years some have begun calling out their high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more complicated situation is when a player transferred part way through their college career.  For example, Russell Wilson began his collegiate career at North Carolina State (Mascot is the Wolf&lt;strong&gt;pack&lt;/strong&gt;).  Then, after completing his undergraduate degree, he attended the University of Wisconsin (Mascot is the &lt;strong&gt;Badgers&lt;/strong&gt;) for grad school and played for them.  Most players would choose one college or the other to shout out (most likely the most recent school).  Russell Wilson has chosen to try to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.backingthepack.com/2012/12/24/3800128/russell-wilson-from-a-whole-pack-of-badgers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;incorporate both schools&lt;/a&gt; by introducing himself as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russell Wilson, from a whole &lt;strong&gt;Pack&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;Badgers&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T21:35:58.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20848" CreationDate="2019-01-18T17:45:41.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's to get a better grip on the ball. Most of them don't lick their hands outside the stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T17:45:41.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15782" CreationDate="2019-01-18T19:03:28.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NCAA tournament (and therefore the seedings) are only run once a year.  There might be one or two strong teams near the top from one tournament to the next, but much of the bracket will change dramatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, a few strong players might be in very similar relative positions for many months, covering many tournaments.  Imagine if you were right around #8 during a run where someone that you didn't match up well against was holding #1 for some time.  In a straight-seeding, you might be playing them in the quarter-finals with some consistency.  Your game might give you the chance to beat #4 or #3 occasionally, but you might rarely face them if everyone is attending and #1 takes you out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By changing the bracket from straight seeding, the tournaments randomize things a bit to avoid excess repetition of any particular matchup other than #1-#2.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T19:03:28.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3395" CreationDate="2019-01-19T02:33:58.097" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would have thought it impossible, but in about 1968, at a local pool, there was a college diver I only recall as Archie. Off a 3 meter board, he would do a reverse flip, land back on the board, continue through a 1 1/2, land on one of the side 1 meter boards, go into another forward 1 1/2, and then enter the water. &#xA;At the Jones Beach west bathhouse, there were 5 boards. I’ve seen divers go off 2 different boards and cross in the air and some divers dive using multiple boards to complete a single dive comprised of multiple launches and landings.  Never saw one called a Triple Lindy, but have to believe someone can do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16663" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-11T21:05:08.443" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T21:05:08.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-20T04:36:27.437" Score="4" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching old snooker matches, like the famous Higgins vs White match in 1982, I notice that the breaks seem to be like straight pool breaks, with just the corner balls moving. Ideally, the two corner balls go to the rail and return to their place in the pack. A typical safe break in straight pool is show in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqDVtRcZiSY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video at about 1:45&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern snooker, however, break shots seem to cause a lot more activity. Is that because the balls are racked loose to prevent perfect breaks, or is it the modern style to allow more balls to come out as an &quot;aggressive safety&quot;, or some other reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T14:02:05.410" Title="Why do snooker breaks show more ball activity than decades ago?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20897" CreationDate="2019-01-20T13:33:49.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did some additional research and found out why this is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first reason is that in snooker a player breaks from the D-zone only and this makes it harder to cut the corner balls flat to the rail. In straight pool a player can break from anywhere behind the head string so getting a tangent on a corner ball is a lot easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other reason, which is the main one, is that if a snooker player breaks thin on a corner ball, then there is a significant risk of a two cushion carom into the yellow or green (depending which side they are breaking from). If this happens, it leaves a much better placement for the opponent than if the cue ball reaches the baulk cushion. This is the main reason snooker players do not cut thin on the break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why thin cuts on the break are often seen in older snooker matches, is that in former times the players did not realize that from a strategic point of view it is more important to avoid a collision with a color than to minimize motion of the reds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T13:33:49.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15238" CreationDate="2019-01-21T21:58:13.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;String tension is extremely important in how much control you have over&#xA;the ball you are hitting.  For beginning players a lower string tension&#xA;results in the strings helping to power the ball -- but in some ways there&#xA;is less control.  With a higher string tension (around 60 lbs) you are&#xA;not using the stings to give you power.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   Additionally it might be that a heavier racquet might cause you to&#xA;slow down your hitting stroke.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16675" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T21:58:13.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20869" CreationDate="2019-01-23T15:51:42.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your best bet would be to take them to a reputable collector or store that deals with memorabilia. They'd likely either be able to tell you right away or at least be able to compare them to other valuable signatures to make sure that it's nothing extremely valuable or rare. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16682" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T15:51:42.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20189" CreationDate="2019-01-23T15:58:38.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;By rule, no, coaches are not permitted to coach during a match at the professional level. However, there have been recent interviews with popular coaches for some of the game's biggest names and they confirmed that coaching does occur in nearly every match. It's sort of like baseball. Coaches just have signals they give the players, only they're very subtle. For instance, prior to a serve a coach may sit with his face in his hands as a sign to the player that they should serve down the T or out wide. After a point, a coach may clap a certain number of times when the player is facing the box to indicate something that they notice as a weakness of an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll never be able to point out exactly when coaching is occurring, but know that it is indeed happening!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16682" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T15:58:38.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20914" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-24T20:42:14.363" Score="0" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could anyone tell me, why there is no crossbar on the upper side of the uprights in american football? It would make officiating difficult situations easier. Is there an engineering reason? Is it about tradition? I know that ball (american football ball :)) could fly to 100 feet but if it's beetwen imagined extensions of uprights than it's a good kick. &quot;Upper&quot; crossbar would solve those dilemmas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14830" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T13:05:11.257" Title="Another crossbar in american football" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20916" CreationDate="2019-01-25T00:22:10.267" Score="0" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any models which predict how many players in the NBA are guaranteed to make it in the Hall of Fame if they retired after this season? If so, what results do those models give?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16064" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T18:13:27.113" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T18:13:27.113" Title="Future NBA Hall of Famers" Tags="|basketball|nba|hall-of-fame|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20915" CreationDate="2019-01-25T01:22:37.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/about/hof_prob.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basketball Reference&lt;/a&gt; has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/hof_prob.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hall of Fame probability list&lt;/a&gt; based on a  very similar question to the one you ask (&quot;If this player retired today, what is the probability he would be elected to the Hall of Fame?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the submission of this post, 13 basketball players have a Hall of Fame probability of over 90%. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LeBron James (100%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dwyane Wade (100%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dirk Nowtizki (100%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Paul (99.99%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevin Durant (99.99%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stephen Curry (99.61%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dwight Howard (99.30%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russell Westbrook (99.29%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;James Harden (98.59%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carmelo Anthony (98.18%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vince Carter (94.55%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tony Parker (93.86%)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pau Gasol (93.35%) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T07:12:57.343" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T07:12:57.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20914" CreationDate="2019-01-25T13:05:11.257" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because there's no upper bound to a field goal being good (the line of the uprights extend upwards infinitely). You would be laughed at for even suggesting that there should be an upper bound on field goals. Also, field goals that pass just above the uprights are pretty rare to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T13:05:11.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20919" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-25T13:22:34.467" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFC has two official languages - English and Arabic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official languages of the AFC shall be English and Arabic. In the&#xA;event of any differences in any interpretation, the English text shall&#xA;prevail. - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fam.org.my/sites/default/files/downloads/afc_statutes_2015_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AFC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason that Arabic is an Official Language of AFC?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16687" LastEditorUserId="16687" LastEditDate="2021-09-27T16:37:20.993" LastActivityDate="2021-09-27T16:37:20.993" Title="Why is Arabic an official langauage of the “Asian Football Confederation”" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21186" CreationDate="2019-01-27T02:29:17.677" Score="2" ViewCount="594" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an accepted stat that analysts use to measure how consistent a basketball player is? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take points per game (or points per 48 min): two players with the same average scoring rates could have very different game distributions. Of course standard deviation comes right to mind (after you standardize it to account for high vs low scorers), and it makes sense when I try it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is another measure even more informative? I've looked at some data&#xA;and am intrigued by other possible stats, but with only small&#xA;datasets (and somewhat limited personal impressions of specific&#xA;player [in]consistency in the NBA this year), the patterns I'm&#xA;seeing could just be red herrings. :)   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Even if you use standard deviation, would any adjustments be needed?&#xA;I'm not sure for example if low scorers would&#xA;need to be handled differently, or if that all comes out in the wash&#xA;once you standardize the data. And do you weight right skewed data differently, so it hurts your consistency rating less when you score more (vs less) than your average?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What scale is most intuitive to use for the &quot;consistency&quot; measure? If&#xA;you use standardized SD, for example, would it be %, where 100% is&#xA;the player who always scores 12 every night? (what a machine!) Is there a scaling that would make comparisons between two realistic players' consistencies more meaningful than 25% vs 35%?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder if consistency is a &quot;thing of interest&quot; in sports analytics, and if so how pro analysts handle questions such as those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any insights!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16691" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T12:33:05.223" Title="Is there a standard (advanced?) stat in basketball for measuring player &quot;consistency&quot;?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20925" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-27T18:34:38.290" Score="3" ViewCount="2774" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you call a pocket and miss the shot for the 8 ball, on your next turn can you call a different pocket or do you still have to try to shoot the 8 ball in the original pocket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16695" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-27T19:30:06.897" LastActivityDate="2019-10-12T04:05:45.570" Title="Changing a call on a pocket for an 8 ball" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20926" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20930" CreationDate="2019-01-28T18:55:28.553" Score="3" ViewCount="1691" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know you could be tempted to say that the player must be sent-off, but Law 12 says the following (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/disciplinary-action-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, substitute or substituted player who commits any of the following offences is sent off:(...) receiving a second caution &lt;strong&gt;in the same match&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is, kicks from the penalty mark &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;are not part of the match.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; This was written quite clearly in the old Laws of the Game (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2012_e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from the 2012 LoTG&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The kicks from the penalty mark &lt;strong&gt;are not part of the match&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is actually still true even if the same passage is worded differently in the current Laws (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match-2018/chapters/kicks-from-the-penalty-mark-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10.3&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kicks from the penalty mark are taken &lt;strong&gt;after the match has ended&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, according to the rules, the player cannot be sent off because he has not received more than one yellow card during the same match. Does it mean the referee will only be able to show the player a yellow card and report the misconduct to the appropriate authorities, but without being able to actually send him off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T04:16:36.797" LastActivityDate="2022-01-04T23:26:46.953" Title="What happens if a player who has been cautioned during the match gets a second yellow card while kicks from the penalty mark are being taken?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20803" CreationDate="2019-01-29T03:41:51.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After watching enough professional snooker I finally figured out the answer to this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is that they can indeed nurse balls and the way this is dealt with in snooker is a re-rack. So, basically what happens is that if both players indicate they will nurse, then they agree to a re-rack and the game is annulled and a new game is started. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T03:47:51.820" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T03:47:51.820" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20925" CreationDate="2019-01-29T03:46:42.333" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In BCA eight ball each players calls ball on pocket on each shot and each shot is considered different. The choice of pocket from the player's previous shot has no effect on the choice of pocket for the current shot for any of the balls, including the eight ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T03:46:42.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20926" CreationDate="2019-01-29T04:16:15.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A semantic reading suggests this is the case, however one should not interpret the Laws of the Game in a manner that produces an absurd result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/LotG2018/LotG_18_19_EN_Practical_Guidelines.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Practical Guidelines for Match Officials&lt;/a&gt; [pdf], p. 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Referees are expected to use common sense and to apply the ‘spirit of the game’ when applying the Laws of the Game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interpreting the word &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;during&lt;/em&gt;, rather than &lt;em&gt;before, during and after&lt;/em&gt; in the sending-off offence &lt;em&gt;receiving a second caution &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; the same match&lt;/em&gt; could produce a number of strange results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player receiving a second caution for dissent when the referee is leaving the field of play could not be sent-off (and receive a subsequent suspension for being sent-off).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In your example and hypothetical interpretation, the player commits a second cautionable offence and isn't sent-off. If this was the case, what's to stop them continually committing cautionable offences with no consequences - e.g. goading opponents, dissenting decisions, being generally uncooperative?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Related to the above point, if a goalkeeper infringement causes a penalty kick to be retaken, the goalkeeper is cautioned for unsporting behaviour (in the past this caution would occur after persistent offences only). If goalkeepers weren't sent-off for a second caution on this point, this would create a perverse incentive for goalkeepers to infringe without consequence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T04:16:15.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20960" CreationDate="2019-01-29T16:52:17.807" Score="1" ViewCount="846" Body="&lt;p&gt;So recently I have started taking an interest in basketball after picking up a basketball video game for 3 dollars. One thing I have noticed about stats in the game is that I know what pretty much all of them mean but 1, 'field goals'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So super 'beginner' question, what is a field goal in basketball? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T09:18:37.813" Title="What is a field goal in basketball?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-01-29T17:46:17.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a ball carrier falls to the ground, how many seconds will the umps allow the clock to run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referees will let the play run until they determine that the ball carrier is making no immediate effort to advance. At this point, the play is blown dead, and the clock will continue to run until an event that stops the clock takes place (eg, timeout, delay of game, the result of the following play stops the clock). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7, Section 2, Article 1-d-1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;when a runner declares himself down by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;falling to the ground, or kneeling, and clearly making no immediate&#xA;  effort to advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-02-01T13:12:45.043" LastActivityDate="2019-02-01T13:12:45.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-01-29T18:03:58.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all depends on the situation. If the play goes down out of bounds the clock will stop, if he falls to the ground, let's say in the middle of the field, then the clock will keep on running till somebody calls a timeout or if somebody went out of bounds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16703" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T18:03:58.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20937" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-29T18:51:10.983" Score="2" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Kansas City Chiefs had the &lt;a href=&quot;https://247sports.com/nfl/tennessee-titans/ContentGallery/NFL-offensive-scoring-rankings-2018-121722415/#121722415_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;#1&lt;/a&gt; offense of the 2018 regular season. The New England Patriots shut out the Cheifs 14 - 0 in the first half of the AFC Championship game. The Patriots eventually beat the Chiefs 37 - 31 in OT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times has the #1 offense in the regular season been held scoreless in any half of a postseason game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T18:51:10.983" Title="NFL #1 offense getting shut out in a half in the postseason" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20967" CreationDate="2019-01-29T20:21:00.133" Score="5" ViewCount="643" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Car_livery.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;regulation&lt;/a&gt; talks about the first car of a team. Since the cars carry driver names and numbers, I didn't think that the teams have to officially determine their first cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To help distinguish between a team’s two cars, the onboard cameras&#xA;  which sit on top of the main rollover structure are coloured&#xA;  differently. On the &lt;strong&gt;first car&lt;/strong&gt; it must remain as it is supplied to&#xA;  the team (black) and on the second car it must be predominantly&#xA;  fluorescent yellow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases we can guess which driver is driving the first car, but sometimes this is not so obvious. In addition, I don't see any clear indication about the first car/driver while watching GPs on TV. Maybe the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/teams.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;driver on top&lt;/a&gt; is the first driver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how do they determine the first car/driver to declare to FIA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T09:13:57.533" Title="How does a Formula 1 team determine the first car/driver?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20402" CreationDate="2019-01-29T20:41:35.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to NCAA rule 7-4.6.b the ball MUST be passed inbounds. The pass along the baseline is legal but the player may NOT dribble the ball inbounds. The pass must be made from out of bounds to inbounds within the 5-second limit. The referee missed the call if the receiving player dribbled the ball from out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16705" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T20:41:35.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20731" CreationDate="2019-01-30T06:41:07.693" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First and foremost thing you need to know is that you cannot calculate the target score only having the NRR data. You would require the previous scores as well. NRR in league stage is calculated based on the scores of each matches. So, we need the scores of the previous matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me assume some virtual scores based on the NRR you mentioned:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Match 1: Team A vs Team B&lt;/strong&gt; | Team A 280/4 (50), Team B 260/7 (50) | Team A won by 20 runs | NRR: Team A +0.4, Team B -0.4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Match 2: Team B vs Team C&lt;/strong&gt; | Team C 238/9 (50), Team B 239/3 (47) | Team B won by 7 wickets | NRR: Team B 0.0, Team C -0.3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here comes the calculation for the next match. Let's assume only top team will qualify to the next round and also assume that Team C win the last match so that every team has 1 win in their bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Team A batting first scored 250/8 (50): Team C have to reach the target in 46 overs to qualify&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|--------|--------------------|------------------------|---------|&#xA;|  Team  |  Runs for (Overs)  |  Runs against (Overs)  |   NRR   |&#xA;|--------|--------------------|------------------------|---------|&#xA;|   A    |      530 (100)     |        511 (96)        |  -0.02  |&#xA;|--------|--------------------|------------------------|---------|&#xA;|   B    |      499 (97)      |        518 (100)       |   0.00  |&#xA;|--------|--------------------|------------------------|---------|&#xA;|   C    |      489 (96)      |        489 (97)        |  +0.02  |&#xA;|--------|--------------------|------------------------|---------|&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: For NRR calculation related clarity please go through &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_run_rate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16478" LastActivityDate="2019-01-30T06:41:07.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20943" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-30T16:46:58.633" Score="0" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was there a coin toss to decide who gets ball first ? If so, what was the outcome?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16709" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-01-30T17:37:01.653" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T23:00:32.193" Title="NFL Pro Bowl 2019" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20943" CreationDate="2019-01-30T20:13:11.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is clear that either the AFC won the toss to begin the game, or that the NFC won and deferred.  The following information indicates there was a coin toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/2017/post/05/57501/gamebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this statistic PDF document of the Pro Bowl held in 2018&lt;/a&gt; it can be seen that the NFC won it last year.  (it's at the top of page 9 in this document)  This document is linked on the Wikipedia page for last year's Pro Bowl game.  This year's Pro Bowl game Wikipedia page does not have a link yet for such a document, and this site is password-protected.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no news that the rules have changed for the Pro Bowl to this effect (i.e. eliminating a coin toss), it can be assumed that a coin toss would have determined the AFC receiving the ball first.  I believe it is safe to say that teams do not choose to defer in the Pro Bowl.  I would say that the AFC won it and chose to receive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2019-01-30T22:29:03.297" LastActivityDate="2019-01-30T22:29:03.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20946" CreationDate="2019-01-31T09:26:26.510" Score="0" ViewCount="4451" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ball hits elbow or below elbow of batsman and raises in the air. The ball is then directly caught by fielder. Is he out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16714" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-01-31T13:35:27.167" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T06:53:22.423" Title="Can a batsman be caught from their elbow?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2019-01-31T13:32:27.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Almost certainly not out. Refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 33.1 &amp;quot;Out Caught&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, touches his/her bat without having previously been in contact with any fielder, and is subsequently held by a fielder as a fair catch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.6.2 &amp;quot;Contact with the ball&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;contact between the ball and any of 5.6.2.1 to 5.6.2.4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.1 the bat itself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.2 the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.3 any part of a glove worn on the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.4 any additional materials permitted under 5.4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat or being struck by the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The elbow&amp;quot; is not listed in any of the points in 5.6.2 so the ball does not count as having struck the bat, so the batsman cannot be out caught. The batsman could potentially be out LBW if the ball would have struck the wicket - despite the name, this does not have to involve the leg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T13:32:27.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2305" CreationDate="2019-02-01T23:01:49.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wales came back to win 19-24 vs France, after trailing 16-0 at halftime during 6 Nations 2019. I believe this is now the biggest defict.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16719" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-02T15:57:20.827" LastActivityDate="2019-02-02T15:57:20.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-02T22:13:48.050" Score="0" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm building a software scoreboard for basketball. I want to start with the absolute minimum feature set. What would that be? What are the the things that you would absolutely expect to see on a scoreboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16722" LastEditorUserId="16722" LastEditDate="2019-02-03T07:09:25.220" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T16:23:17.187" Title="What is the minimum information you would expect on a basketball scoreboard?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-02-05T07:19:37.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20953" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-03T10:18:42.043" Score="1" ViewCount="2991" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm from Europe so it's hard for me to stay awake for the whole match, so I'm asking how much in total with commercials and time-outs, when does second half tip off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16724" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-04T14:08:54.490" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T14:08:54.490" Title="When does the second half of an NBA game start?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-03T12:24:29.140" Score="5" ViewCount="1263" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is missed by the keeper, glances off the non-worn helmet behind him and travels to the boundary, how many runs are awarded for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16726" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-03T18:39:05.970" LastActivityDate="2019-08-31T20:27:01.353" Title="Ball hitting the helmet behind the keeper" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20952" CreationDate="2019-02-03T16:44:17.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Score, timeoutes, fouls, bonus situation is the minimum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-02-03T16:44:17.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20954" CreationDate="2019-02-03T18:58:41.777" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is 5 penalty runs and any runs completed prior to the ball striking the helmet and any penalty for wide or no ball.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 28.3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-03T22:33:07.927" LastActivityDate="2019-02-03T22:33:07.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20958" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20961" CreationDate="2019-02-04T03:21:25.423" Score="0" ViewCount="2840" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots beat the Los Angeles Rams 13 - 3 in Super Bowl LIII in the lowest scoring super bowl of all time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the top 5 lease scoring super bowls ever? Please list the teams playing as well as the final score&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T10:57:14.467" Title="What are the top 5 lowest scoring super bowls?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20953" CreationDate="2019-02-04T09:16:03.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On average, NBA games will take a total of 2 hours and 15 minutes. You can expect the second half to start around 1 hour and 15 minutes after the tip off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. Game tips off at 7:30, 1st half will end around 8:30, 15 minute halftime, and 2nd half will start around 8:45.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a Forbes article which has the average duration of games over the last few seasons: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/shlomosprung/2018/12/11/nba-games-are-longer-this-year-and-the-league-is-ok-with-that-stressing-game-flow-as-more-important/#27276fbb2503&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/shlomosprung/2018/12/11/nba-games-are-longer-this-year-and-the-league-is-ok-with-that-stressing-game-flow-as-more-important/#27276fbb2503&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16728" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T09:16:03.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20933" CreationDate="2019-02-04T09:18:37.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A field goal is any 2 point or 3 point shot. This means any score that is not from the free-throw line: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_goal_(basketball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_goal_(basketball)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16728" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T09:18:37.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20958" CreationDate="2019-02-04T10:57:14.467" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Top 5 of lowest scores in a Super Bowl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl LIII&lt;/a&gt;: New England Patriots - Los Angeles Rams 13-3 (16)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_VII&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl VII&lt;/a&gt;: Miami Dolphins - Washington Redskins 14-7 (21)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_IX&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl IX&lt;/a&gt;: Pittsburgh Steelers - Minnesota Vikings 16-6 (22)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_III&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl III&lt;/a&gt;: New York Jets - Baltimore Colts 16-7 (23)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_VI&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Super Bowl VI&lt;/a&gt;: Dallas Cowboys - Miami Dolphins 24-3 (27)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Rams are also tied with the Dolphins (SB VI) for the lowest scoring team in a Super Bowl with just 3 points. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nfl/superbowl/history/winners&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a list of all previous Super Bowl results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T10:57:14.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20952" CreationDate="2019-02-04T16:23:17.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Coach-D's response, don't forget the time remaining and the half/quarter which you are in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Score, timeoutes, fouls, bonus situation is the minimum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16728" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T16:23:17.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20963" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21033" CreationDate="2019-02-05T15:49:29.027" Score="2" ViewCount="509" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read &lt;a href=&quot;https://hfboards.mandatory.com/threads/breaking-in-skates-unable-to-be-baked.2345999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ANY skate can be baked; it's just that skate of a certain tier and above have materials DESIGNED to be baked. That doesn't mean that lower tier skates like yours cannot be; it's just that the overall effect/potential benefit is less because the materials do not react to heat the way that higher tiered skates do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the poster is an admin with almost 5000 posts so I would assume (s)he's not completely ignorant about the topic, hence my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16732" LastEditorUserId="16732" LastEditDate="2019-02-19T14:57:32.100" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T17:47:48.567" Title="Can any hockey skate be baked?" Tags="|equipment|inline-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20965" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20971" CreationDate="2019-02-06T04:07:16.930" Score="1" ViewCount="1506" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a list where I can see the top NBA wingspan-to-height ratios?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, I read that Dwayne Wade is 6'4&quot; with a 6'11&quot; wingspan. I would like to know other players with wingspans much greater than their height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16064" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-02-10T00:24:10.877" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T00:24:10.877" Title="NBA Wingspan-To-Height Ratio" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20939" CreationDate="2019-02-06T09:13:57.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no hard and fast rule for this as different teams have different opinions about how they treat their drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the most experienced and/or successful driver is given dominance, or the one who is paid the most!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ferrari is the easiest example to give as they have a definite number 1 and number 2 driver, for the 2018 season Sebastian Vettel had the number 1 role and it is rumoured to be written into his contract.  He is a 4 times World Drivers Champion whilst his team-mate Kimi Raikkonen (who is older and driven more races) is &quot;only&quot; a single World Drivers Champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some teams claim not to favour either driver, but even these teams do favour one over the other, ie Mercedes favour Lewis Hamilton over Valterri Bottas, although they will deny this officially.  It makes sense though as Hamilton is older, more experienced, more successful and paid more than Bottas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation at Red Bull was interesting last season as you would expect them to favour Ricciardo as he had been most successful, experienced etc but they seem to arguably have favoured Max Verstappen and this contributed to Ricciardo leaving the team.  However in Red Bull's case they use their presence in F1 to help promote their product and a younger driver may be beneficial as a marketing tool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &quot;Old days&quot;, ie pre 2014 it was easy, whoever had the lowest number was the &quot;lead&quot; driver, nowadays drivers pick their own numbers and stick with them for their entire career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="339" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T09:13:57.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-07T00:02:45.743" Score="3" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it in print that the &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; cue ball must be behind the headstring? Some people think it's only the &lt;em&gt;bottom&lt;/em&gt; of the ball that must be behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16738" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T06:51:59.200" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T13:54:09.843" Title="Cue ball behind head string in pocket billiards" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20965" CreationDate="2019-02-07T13:37:05.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a list where I can see the top NBA wingspan to height ratios? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA has recorded these stats for the draft combine since 2000. For example, Dwyane Wade's height and wingspan can be found in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://stats.nba.com/draft/combine-anthro/#!?sort=WINGSPAN&amp;amp;dir=1&amp;amp;SeasonYear=2003-04&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draft combine statistics&lt;/a&gt; for the 2003 draft. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rD0hW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rD0hW.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would like to know other players with wingspans much longer than their height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see if a player's wingspan is longer than their height, I would do the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Copy and paste the data into an Excel Spreadsheet (I did not find a way to export the data)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Convert the wingspans and heights into inches (eg, 6'3.75&quot; = 75.75 inches)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;a href=&quot;https://superuser.com/a/695645&quot;&gt;conditional formatting&lt;/a&gt; to compare the wingspan cells to its respective height cells&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you would like to compute a wingspan-to-height ratio, you may divide the wingspan by the height and come up with another column for the wingspan-to-height ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-02-07T14:53:11.920" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T14:53:11.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20837" CreationDate="2019-02-07T17:12:01.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the NFL &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/3277/2018-nfl-rulebook_final-version.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;RULE 7 BALL IN PLAY, DEAD BALL, SCRIMMAGE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 1 BALL IN PLAY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. LIVE BALL. After the ball has been declared ready for play,&#xA;  it becomes a live ball when it is &lt;strong&gt;legally snapped or legally kicked&lt;/strong&gt; (a&#xA;  free kick or fair catch kick)....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the ball has been declared ready, it remains a dead ball.  Only when the ball is snapped does it become live.  So the timeout can be called at any point prior to the snap.  The play clock running does not affect this status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T17:12:01.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20974" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-08T03:19:20.213" Score="2" ViewCount="1457" Body="&lt;p&gt;When two defenders (opponents) are playing the ball between each other and it then deflects off one of them to an attacker in an offside position. If the attacker then take possession of the ball, is that an offside offence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16743" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T08:41:30.993" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T15:04:57.980" Title="Is it offside if the ball is passed by an opponent?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20977" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-10T13:50:41.667" Score="2" ViewCount="1936" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can I wear a woolly hat in a soccer training session, and can I wear one in a  match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16752" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-20T02:34:28.167" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T02:34:28.167" Title="Can I wear a hat while training or playing a soccer match?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20977" CreationDate="2019-02-10T21:25:05.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a training session you can wear anything you want as long as your coach allows it (and why wouldn't they?). Many players wear beanies and other woolly hats or headbands in cold days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In official matches the Laws of the Game allow certain headgear, but they're not very specific. They're probably o.k., but I've never really seen someone wearing one in official games (sometimes in a friendly I've seen one or two, though)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-players-equipment-2018/chapters/other-equipment-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;HEAD COVERS &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where head covers (excluding goalkeepers’ caps) are worn,&#xA;  they must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be black or the same main colour as the shirt (provided that the players of the same team wear the same colour) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;be in keeping with the professional appearance of the player’s equipment &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not be attached to the shirt &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not be dangerous to the player wearing it or any other player (e.g. opening/ closing mechanism around neck) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;not have any part(s) extending out from the surface (protruding elements)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.5-a-side.com/uncategorized/can-i-wear-a-hat-to-play-football/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5-a-side&lt;/a&gt; picked up this topic as well and posted a nice image about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9AlJl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9AlJl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T21:25:05.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20981" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-10T22:45:49.613" Score="3" ViewCount="2590" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching this &lt;a href=&quot;https://videorulebook.nba.com/archive/travel-on-the-perimeter-lifts-and-steps-with-pivot-foot/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Video Rulebook video&lt;/a&gt;. In it, 23 White gathers the ball after ending his dribble, establishing his left foot as his pivot foot. He then steps right-left, and the referee calls a traveling violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was then looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018-2019 NBA rulebook&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 10, Section XIII, point (d), says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player, with the ball in his possession, raises his pivot foot off the floor, he must pass or shoot before his pivot foot returns to the floor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 23 White raised his pivot foot off the floor and returned it to the floor while the ball was still in his hands, this would suggest that the referee made the right call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Rule 10, Section XIII, point (b), says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon&#xA;  completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop,&#xA;  passing or shooting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;23 White, upon completion of a dribble, gathered the ball on his left foot, establishing his left foot as his pivot foot. Until now he has made no steps. He then steps with his right foot: Step 1. Afterwards he steps with his left foot: Step 2. So it looks like 23 White is complying with this rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is Section XIII, point (b), allowing something that point (d) of the same section does not allow? What am I missing here?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused because Section XIII, point d, is the same exact rule that we have in FIBA (in fact I have read they just copied the NBA rule, and they did). This leads me to my second question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this action by the offensive player legal under FIBA rules?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="12" LastEditDate="2019-02-11T23:55:06.240" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T08:10:54.133" Title="NBA traveling - conflicting rules" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|fiba|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20981" CreationDate="2019-02-11T12:57:35.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's a conflict. Point b is for recognizing that our feet don't immediately match our action. So coming to a stop, or beginning our shooting motion, our feet tend to move so we shouldn't get punished for it. Point d is that after you come to a stop after point b, you can't pick up your pivot foot without passing or going into a shooting motion. Lebron (your 23 white) doesn't appear to going into a shooting motion when he lifts his foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, lack of traveling violation enforcement is a constant complaint about the NBA, so it's actually amusing to see this called. Although I'm not sure if this is the &quot;crab dribble&quot; LeBron once complained shouldn't be called to much mockery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T12:57:35.140" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20820" CreationDate="2019-02-12T06:01:14.900" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the pitch conditions, bowling styles, batting styles, power hitters like Gayle, Sehwag would make the ball last for less than 100 overs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16758" LastEditorUserId="1630" LastEditDate="2019-02-12T07:35:55.690" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T07:35:55.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20887" CreationDate="2019-02-12T15:27:12.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different rule sets, but usually they're equal when it comes to illegally pocketing black: The opponent wins that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vnea.com/8-ball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Example:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;F. LOSS OF GAME&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pocketing the 8-ball when it is not the legal object ball except on an opening break.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pocketing the 8-ball on the same stroke as the last of his group of balls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jumping or knocking the 8-ball off the table at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pocketing the 8-ball in a pocket other than the one designated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fouling while (pocketing) the 8-ball in the designated pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Third infraction of the slow play rule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pocketing the 8-ball and the cue ball on the break stroke. (This varies, if your league considers an 8-ball break a win.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Not correctly marking the pocket while pocketing the 8-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T15:27:12.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-13T03:52:30.160" Score="3" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two scenarios in question here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsman extends and drags his bat to inside the crease. But just as he dragged in, he lost the bat from his hands and his whole body is still outside the crease. Fielder seizes the moment and tries to effect a run out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsman extends and drags his bat to inside the crease. He now wants to go for the next run, and just as he is about to leave the crease to do that, he loses the bat from his hands and his whole body is still outside the crease. Fielder seizes the moment and tries to effect a run out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it OUT/NOT OUT in either/both the cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing I know here for sure is that the new 'bouncing bat rule' is not applicable here, because there is no contact with the bat and hands here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16768" LastEditorUserId="16768" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T03:58:16.903" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T18:46:45.670" Title="Is it out if the batsman loses his bat on reaching crease and a run-out is effected at the same moment?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20995" CreationDate="2019-02-13T08:38:07.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman is &lt;strong&gt;Out, run out&lt;/strong&gt; in both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first they have not made their ground as the bat is dropped before they have made their ground. In the second they have deliberately left it in order to continue running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be determined using the conditions laid out in Law 30, &lt;em&gt;Batsman out of his/her ground&lt;/em&gt;, and the remainder of Law 38, &lt;em&gt;Run out&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T18:46:45.670" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T18:46:45.670" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20820" CreationDate="2019-02-13T11:53:53.907" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the Bowling Team and Umpires. But generally, a new ball is available after &lt;strong&gt;80 overs&lt;/strong&gt; are bowled in a test match.&#xA;Following are the possible ways a ball is changed in a test match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ball is Lost&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The condition of the Ball is not good (physical damage or tempered)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bowling Team opted for a new ball after bowling 80 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the cases on-field umpires are the action takers. And umpires do discussions with both the captain or bowling team captain and two onfield batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16771" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T11:53:53.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13813" CreationDate="2019-02-14T20:05:18.493" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here some information I found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Badminton officials play a very important role in the badminton&#xA;  matches. Even though they are not as crucial as they can be in other&#xA;  sports such as football or basketball due to the lack of physical&#xA;  contact between players, they still are required in order to ensure a&#xA;  smooth and fair match. The badminton officials are divided into&#xA;  different roles or positions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Referee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Umpire&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Service judge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Line judge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source and additional information: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/badminton-officials/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/badminton-officials/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16780" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T20:05:18.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21005" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-16T15:32:16.267" Score="0" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;Shoulder Before Wicket&quot; mean in cricket?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Why was Sachin Tendulkar's dismissal against Australia considered &quot;Shoulder Before Wicket&quot; and was it the right decision? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16783" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-02-16T16:35:11.597" LastActivityDate="2019-02-16T16:35:11.597" Title="Was Tendulkar's infamous &quot;shoulder before wicket&quot; the right decision?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21005" CreationDate="2019-02-16T16:32:16.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What does &quot;Shoulder Before Wicket&quot; mean in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the Laws of Cricket, &quot;shoulder before wicket&quot; means nothing at all; it is not a term defined within the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why was Sachin Tendulkar's dismissal against Australia considered &quot;Shoulder Before Wicket&quot;[?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the official results, it wasn't. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15744/scorecard/63865/australia-vs-india-1st-test-india-tour-of-australia-1999-00&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;As the scorecard shows, Tendulakar was dismissed lbw&lt;/a&gt;. However, as Tendulkar was dismissed as a result of being hit on his upper arm while ducking a bouncer, the media have not unsurprisingly called this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18363162/five-memorable-leg-wicket-decisions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shoulder before wicket&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;was it the right decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are really two questions here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can a batsman be dismissed &quot;lbw&quot; even if it is not their leg which the ball contacts? This one is a definite &quot;yes&quot;; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/leg-before-wicket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quoting from Law 36.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The striker is out LBW if [...] the striker intercepts the ball, either full-pitch or after pitching, &lt;strong&gt;with any part of his/her person&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis)&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was the ball going to hit the wicket? No-one will ever really know the answer to this, but Daryll Harper, the umpire gave him out so he was out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* Pedantically, you would need to refer to the 1980 Code of the Laws for the wording which applied when Tendulkar was dismissed. The older Codes &lt;em&gt;used&lt;/em&gt; to be on the MCC site but I can't find them any more. However, the spirit of the wording hasn't changed since then even if the exact words may have done.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-02-16T16:32:16.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21010" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-17T10:33:54.963" Score="1" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Allianz Gaelic Football League tables from Ireland, when two teams are level on match points and also on points difference, how are they separated for the league tables?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I presumed that a team with a superior points total would be placed ahead, or maybe the positions would be decided on the teams' head-to-head results but, looking at some current tables, this does not seem to be the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16798" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-17T18:20:19.300" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T15:03:50.487" Title="League Positions in Gaelic Football" Tags="|ranking|gaelic-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2121" CreationDate="2019-02-18T14:03:22.733" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a batsman never gets a run into his account in case of NO BALL, WIDE BALL, leg bye or there are many such situations where the runs are counted for the team but not for the batsman. A batsman gets a run only when he hit the shot for a run. So, no matters whether it is the last ball of a first ball of the match the rules remains the same for every ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to what happened to Virendra Sehwag in the match against Sri Lanka when Suraj Randiv deliberately bowled a huge front foot no ball when India needed 1 run to win and Sehwag needed 1 run to complete his century. Though Sehwag hit a six, that six was not counted as the ball became dead at the moment that no-ball happened as the team had already won the match there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And similarly, if the batsman is stumped when only 1 run is needed to win in 1 ball and the bowler bowls a wide, the batting side will win as the team wins the moment the ball is bowled wide and the ball becomes dead and the wicket does not count. So you can even re-frame the question as &quot;If a cricket team needs 1 run to win with only 1 ball  left, and the team is 9 wickets down, and the bowler bowls a wide, but the batsman got stumped, who will win?&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Answer: The batting side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16809" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-21T12:58:01.410" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T12:58:01.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21010" CreationDate="2019-02-18T14:52:28.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Tie-breaker is defined as follows, if only two teams are level on league points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The team that won the head-to-head match is ranked first&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If this game was a draw, score difference (total scored minus total conceded in all games) is used to rank the teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If score difference is identical, total scored is used to rank the teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If still identical, a play-off is required&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If three or more teams are level on league points, score difference is&#xA;  used to rank the teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_National_Football_League_(Ireland)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019_National_Football_League_(Ireland)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16788" LastActivityDate="2019-02-18T14:52:28.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-19T14:57:41.647" Score="3" ViewCount="665" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question specifically about a passage of the official NFL 2018 rulebook (&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/3277/2018-nfl-rulebook_final-version.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://operations.nfl.com/media/3277/2018-nfl-rulebook_final-version.pdf&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please take a look at &lt;strong&gt;Rule 3 - Section 2 - Article 7 (PLAYER POSSESSION)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is about the notes on page 5 of the rulebook. There it says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) In the field of play, if a catch or interception has been completed, and the ball comes loose before the player is down by&#xA;  contact, it is a fumble, and the ball remains alive. It is also a fumble if the action occurs in the end zone of the player who&#xA;  caught the loose ball. If the action occurs in the opponent’s end zone, it is a touchdown or a touchback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't really understand the last sentence of this Note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the action occurs in the opponent’s end zone, it is a touchdown or a &lt;strong&gt;touchback&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understood this rule correctly, the situation described is that of a ball coming loose after it has been previously &lt;strong&gt;caught or intercepted&lt;/strong&gt;. Now: if I catch a pass in my opponent's end zone or if I intercept one of his passes in his end zone, I'm scoring a touchdown, no matter what happens after that. If I secure the catch and an opponent smacks into me, causing me to lose the ball, that's still a TD, since I controlled the ball previously. And if I fail to make the catch, that's an incomplete pass and the next play begins. So how could this situation (making a catch in my opponents end zone) lead to a touchback? What am I missing here? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16815" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T17:54:22.123" Title="What rules govern touchdowns/touchbacks if there is a fumble involved?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21018" CreationDate="2019-02-19T17:54:22.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;So that only really applies to an interception or a fumble into the endzone, because the play is automatically over if an offensive player has possession of the ball in the endzone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you are a defensive player and intercept the ball or pick up a loose fumble and instead of kneeling down, you try to return the ball, but fumble in the endzone, the only results of the recovery can be are a touchdown, if recovered by the offense, or a touchback, if recovered by the defense or goes out of bounds through the endzone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T17:54:22.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4050" CreationDate="2019-02-20T07:08:24.857" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use a small finger ring device, COUNTU Goal, as my swimming lap counter and timer.&#xA;You push the button for each lap, without any interference. It can work as timer and lap counter, and can show relevant time and lap statics data. And the most useful function is vibrate alarm function, which can alarm you through vibrating your finger when you achieve your workout.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HH9Ho.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HH9Ho.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16820" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T07:08:24.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14562" CreationDate="2019-02-20T10:59:45.743" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rugby,the different formations are generally concentrated on the forwards.In other words,the forwards are set around the field in a certain formation while the backs position themselves according to the forwards'formation. For example, coaches sometimes use the formation called the 1-3-3-1 formation. In this case you have four pods of forwards. One pod on the one end of the field containing one forward(preferably a more agile,mobile player). Two pods in the midfield each containing three players. And the last one again on the opposite end of the field as the first pod, containing also just one player. This is why they call it the 1-3-3-1 system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16821" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T10:59:45.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-21T10:32:06.000" Score="4" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Newbie in kabaddi)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In kabaddi, the raiders job is touch the opponent and comeback. But how does the referee decided who touched whom (if A touches B, it can equivalently be interpreted as B touches A). Using this loophole, why do the defenders wait, why don't they directly tackle the raider as soon as he enters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16827" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T23:02:05.173" Title="Attacking the raider?" Tags="|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-21T11:20:54.990" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;My reasoning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would tempt the stronger side to move forward, since there are same number of players in each side (11), it would be difficult to disposes them at the same time it gives them the opportunity to counter-attack in case they get too high. If the stronger side don't attack, then draw is anyways a good result for weak-side. Also in normal games the stronger-side (v/s medium side) usually win by a margin of 1 or 2 goals (in 90 minutes). By this strategy, even if there is a miss-pass once in a while, the chances of it being converted doesn't seem high given that in normal play they at most manage to score 1 or 2 goals extra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16827" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T03:38:32.983" Title="Why don't weak/medium teams pass ball among themselves in the defense against strong teams rather than losing ball in a buildup to attack" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21025" CreationDate="2019-02-21T14:54:38.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because weak/medium teams are generally not good at it. There are only few players who possess both good defensive and good ball possession/passing qualities at a very high level. Such players (like Sergio Ramos e.g.) usually already play for good teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a weak/medium side decides to play in such a way against a strong team, they will most probably fail against intense pressing that the strong team's agile and physically fit players will apply on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T14:54:38.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-21T16:15:52.770" Score="2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't watch a lot of basketball, but I did see a game yesterday where the player's shoe tore wide open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sports, equipment failure is certainly part of the game but in US college sports (which is typically well-funded, meaning they don't need to play using substandard equipment) I have never before seen a shoe failure such as this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been other cases in college or professional basketball where shoes have failed in this manner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/58h3i.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/58h3i.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;broken shoe&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16829" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-07T06:11:45.440" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T06:11:45.440" Title="How many catastrophic shoe failures occur in college basketball?" Tags="|basketball|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21025" CreationDate="2019-02-21T18:45:21.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If they had the capability to maintain possession in the back- or midfield, and only concede one or two goals from any turnover that might occur, they would no longer &lt;em&gt;be&lt;/em&gt; a &quot;weak/medium team&quot;, because this kind of control over possession, ball location and tempo is a hallmark of good or strong teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The entire proposal defeats its own need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T18:45:21.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21024" CreationDate="2019-02-21T18:50:12.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Raiders are known to score from significant distances even after the tackle has begun: the raider doesn't have to get out of the tackle, they just have to touch their own court before it's complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Allowing defenders to get anywhere near the midline makes a two-point raid (or worse) extremely easy to complete. What you suggest would make the &lt;strong&gt;raider's&lt;/strong&gt; job easier, which is precisely the opposite of what the &lt;strong&gt;defenders&lt;/strong&gt; want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T18:50:12.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18121" CreationDate="2019-02-22T08:21:30.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a personal choice at the end of the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Biomechanically a southpaw boxer has the advantage against an orthodox boxer in liver placement and in the fact that their power hand is aligned to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The majority of boxers are orthodox so being a southpaw you will see a lot of orthodox boxers while they will not see a lot of southpaws, you will also have the advantage there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it all boils down to where you're best at. Pick one and master it, if you get skilled enough you'll be able to switch stances in the middle of a bout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T08:21:30.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20118" CreationDate="2019-02-22T08:26:37.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules have changed in the Olympics quite a bit over the years, for example in wrestling in 1996 Olympics there was only one Bronze medalist, while in later years like 2008 there would be two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some tournaments will have the semifinals losers play for the bronze medal spot, while other tournaments do not and end up with two bronze medalists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T08:26:37.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20963" CreationDate="2019-02-22T17:47:48.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the basic premise that any skate can be baked. That is a different question from whether or not any particular pair of skates should be baked. Among my team and league mates, those who have baked skates designed to be baked have been pleased with the results.  The two who baked skates not designed to be baked were not as pleased with the results.  And one experienced premature breakdown where the boot separated from the plate.  A skate dealer told me that the bonding materials in boots begin to break down with age even when the boots are not worn regularly.  Since baking softens the materials, there is a risk of separating the layers in addition to what might be occurring with age.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T17:47:48.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21034" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-23T01:15:26.127" Score="3" ViewCount="8239" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for a tiebreak in doubles tennis, particularly with service? What are the similarities and differences between a doubles tiebreak and a singles tiebreak?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T22:02:47.973" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T22:02:47.973" Title="Tennis tiebreak in doubles" Tags="|rules|tennis|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1581" CreationDate="2019-02-23T02:18:05.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bottom line: it all depends on how serious you are taking your racing. If your in it to just race and enjoy the time with your kids then 3-4 race weekends on a set of tires is reasonable.   If your in it to win a lot and be very competitive, change them every race day.   Racing was never meant to be or intended to be a cheap sport and certainly isn't for everyone or family.   If money is of ANY concern, racing may not be the right sport for your family.   That's just a reality.  We race the SKUSA series and last season spent $12k and already owned our equipment. That was just on normal expenses to be semi competitive. I know people in karting that spend $25-30k per season.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16840" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-02-23T20:52:51.587" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T20:52:51.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21333" CreationDate="2019-02-24T07:15:58.513" Score="2" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it odd that in Squash championships, players don't put much energy into the serve. It seems to me that their serve is about half the speed of their fast shots during the game. Is there any rule preventing them from doing so? Or is there another disadvantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16841" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T19:26:43.073" Title="Why don't professional squash players give hard serves?" Tags="|serve|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25778" CreationDate="2019-02-24T23:29:37.893" Score="-1" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do MMA judges score all rounds at the end of the contest, or do they score each round at the end of  each round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T15:37:47.463" Title="Do MMA judges score all rounds at the end of the contest, or do they score each round at the end of each round?" Tags="|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21025" CreationDate="2019-02-25T03:29:12.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-pass_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;back-pass rule was introduced in 1992&lt;/a&gt;, this was exactly how weaker teams did play&lt;/strong&gt;, esp. at the 1990 World Cup; &lt;strong&gt;they couldn't lose the ball to pressing by opponents, since they could always pass back to the goalkeeper&lt;/strong&gt;, who could pick it up and could not be tackled, before wasting more time then rolling/passing/kicking the ball back out and doing the whole thing all over again. So it was a consequence-free environment, and teams generally had no obligation to attack or move the ball into the last third of the pitch (other than getting booed, or an innate sense of sporting shame). Wikipedia quotes SkySports on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The back-pass rule was introduced in 1992 to discourage time-wasting&#xA;  and unduly defensive play after the 1990 World Cup was described as&#xA;  exceedingly dull, rife with back-passing and goalkeepers holding up&#xA;  the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see exactly this in old World Cup videos from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams that had particular reputations for playing end-to-end passing then back to the goalkeeper without making any effort to attack included Egypt, Norway (previous WCs), Rep of Ireland (my country) and countless others. (No disrespect.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://angleofpostandbar.blogspot.com/2014/01/in-memory-of-legal-backpasses-1863-1993.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In Memory of Legal Backpasses (1863-1993)&lt;/a&gt; mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gradually, though, [between 1966-1990] the game evidently became more&#xA;  cynical. The anti-football nadir was reached at the start of the&#xA;  1990s, as Jonathan Wilson writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'A general rethink about the laws of the game had been promoted by&#xA;  the negativity of the 1990 World Cup and, in particular one passage of&#xA;  play in the group match between the Republic of Ireland and Egypt in&#xA;  which the Irish keeper Packie Bonner held the ball for almost six&#xA;  minutes without releasing it.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Jonathan Wilson - The Outsider: A History of the Goalkeeper&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hey, people in Ireland were quite embarrassed by that too, it's not how we generally played (unlike Norway or Egypt), it's good the practice got banned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13733" LastEditorUserId="13733" LastEditDate="2019-02-25T03:38:32.983" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T03:38:32.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21037" CreationDate="2019-02-25T16:46:49.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The score for each individual round must be written down at the end of the round. A judge cannot go back and change the score after the fact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T16:46:49.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20110" CreationDate="2019-02-25T16:57:16.957" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a good thread for you to check out, but in short a defender can play bump and run coverage within 5yds of LoS while the defender is in front of him until the receiver has started running the route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an outside backer I'm sure you can do the same if you line up wide. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: forgot to post link :p&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/nfl/comments/6wr9uz/rules_for_contact_within_5_yards/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/nfl/comments/6wr9uz/rules_for_contact_within_5_yards/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastEditorUserId="16835" LastEditDate="2019-02-25T17:18:56.803" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T17:18:56.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21041" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-26T01:38:48.017" Score="0" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is 1 out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on first, and the ball is hit to the second baseman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second baseman gets the ball and runs towards first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner on first stays on 1st base and the batter is running towards first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the second baseman with the ball steps on first base, who is out and who is safe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the second baseman steps on first, do they still have a force on 2nd base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16848" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-02-27T18:25:26.667" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T19:38:29.907" Title="Which runner is out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-03-01T21:50:13.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21043" CreationDate="2019-02-26T03:34:38.180" Score="3" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the final between Chelsea and Manchester City, Chelsea goalkeeper Kepa refused to be substituted, enraging his coach Sarri. Apparently, a few years ago, Messi acted the same way with his coach Enrique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a coach force a player to get out of the field to be substituted, maybe by asking the referee to tell him to get out? Can a player really refuse to get out, if he does not want to? Are there any rule discussing these situations? According to the official rules, was there anything Sarri could have done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastActivityDate="2019-02-26T04:33:56.497" Title="Can a trainer force a player to be substituted?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21042" CreationDate="2019-02-26T04:33:56.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Not really, no.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 3.3, &lt;em&gt;Substitution procedure&lt;/em&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if a player who is to be replaced refuses to leave, play continues&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;indicating that the referee has no power to enforce a substitution, and further is required to ignore an unsuccessful attempt rather than wait for the conflict to be resolved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 3.7, &lt;em&gt;Extra persons on the field of play&lt;/em&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team official, substitute, substituted or sent off player or outside agent enters the field of play the referee must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;only stop play if there is interference with play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;have the person removed when play stops&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;take appropriate disciplinary action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;indicating that the team officials or bench are not permitted to try to enforce the substitution themselves by entering the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, should the player leave of their own accord with permission of the referee, and somehow be restrained from re-entering it until the next stoppage of play, and the substitution is alerted before this time, and the substitute enters the field at halfway when permitted, according to the remainder of Law 3.3, then a substitution has technically occurred. Law 3.7 then applies to the substituted player themselves, barring them from returning to the game. For all practical purposes however, this procedure should not be relied upon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-02-26T04:33:56.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24365" CreationDate="2019-02-26T22:14:31.880" Score="1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, I'm curious whether a racket that's sitting idle will lose tension as quickly as one which is being regularly played with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The concrete sport in question is badminton, though I suspect that the same answer holds true for tennis, squash and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16853" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T14:45:42.707" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T14:45:42.707" Title="What portion of tension reduction in a racket happens through play?" Tags="|tennis|equipment|badminton|racket|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21057" CreationDate="2019-02-27T02:49:41.727" Score="2" ViewCount="873" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that, in UEFA football games, a forfeiting team is awarded a 0-3 score (defeat) against the opposing team.&#xA;If, in a competition, a team wins the first game 4-0, could the same team decide to forfeit the second leg, so losing 3-0 and assuring it would still qualify to the next round? (I understand this is hypothetical)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2019-03-03T23:06:39.263" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T23:06:39.263" Title="In UEFA competitions, could a team forfeit a game and still qualify?" Tags="|football|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-03-01T21:49:43.917" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-27T14:29:54.283" Score="7" ViewCount="6059" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading Mark Webber's book and in it he says that during the the 2005 Belgian grand prix he was amazed that his team put him on new intermediate tyres instead of scrubbed tyres on a drying track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are scrubbed tyres and what advantage would they offer in the above scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16123" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-02-27T19:28:27.817" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T17:00:42.383" Title="What are scrubbed tyres?" Tags="|terminology|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21050" CreationDate="2019-02-27T14:42:35.617" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Scrubbed&quot; tires in F1 parlance are ones that have done a short number of laps (perhaps one run in qualifying for example but not enough to be worn out). They will have been through a heat cycle and lost some of the tread depth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the particular scenario described scrubbed tires could have been advantageous since they would have been less prone to overheating than a new set (&quot;intermediate&quot; and &quot;full&quot; wet tires in F1 rely on the water on the track to keep them from overheating) as the loss of tread depth would have meant less movement in the tread blocks and therefore less heat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="14017" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T06:08:56.610" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T06:08:56.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21053" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-28T13:37:26.397" Score="1" ViewCount="925" Body="&lt;p&gt;There’s a runner on first. The batter hits a ball to left field. Runner on first advances to second, hitter decides to round first and advance to second as well forcing runner on second to now advance to third. The play is made at third by tagging the base not the runner. Is this considered an out, or is the runner safe even though the hitter now occupies second base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16863" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T17:30:58.060" Title="Forced Out at Third Base" Tags="|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21053" CreationDate="2019-02-28T14:51:45.437" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner would not be out unless tagged while not on a base.  A force at third only exists if there are two runners behind him.  Since there is an open base at first, there is no force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T14:51:45.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21055" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-28T20:23:10.737" Score="2" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday in Liverpool’s 5-0 win versus Watford, Liverpool defenders scored 7 goals or assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a record, in the premier league or, for that matter, any form of pro-football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16865" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-03-01T21:49:55.363" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T21:49:55.363" Title="Defensive goals and assists" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21047" CreationDate="2019-03-01T16:57:23.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you explicitly mentioned the UEFA, I'll answer your question using their regulations. And the answer is no. That's not possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The UEFA does not allow this behavior in their competitions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team does not play a match or is responsible for it to not take place in any way that team will be disqualified and fined. This means the opponent will advance to the next round, if applicable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/82/2558282_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europa League&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Champions League&lt;/a&gt; are the same in this particular case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Article 26 in the EL and 28 in the CL:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Refusal to play and similar cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a club refuses to play or is responsible for a match not taking&#xA;  place or not being played in full, the UEFA Control, Ethics and&#xA;  Disciplinary Body declares the match forfeited and disqualifies the&#xA;  club concerned in combination with the following fines (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T16:57:23.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21041" CreationDate="2019-03-01T19:38:29.907" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter is out and the runner is no longer forced at second. It's just the same as if the runner took a step off 1st, the 2nd-baseman stepped on 1st and then the runner went back to first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13878" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T19:38:29.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17166" CreationDate="2019-03-01T19:40:40.577" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eh, about 5 pounds. Maybe 10 if you have a heavy set of shinguards and one of the hockey-style masks. You could just look it up on some sporting good websites. Should have specs for all the gear (mask &amp;amp; helmet, chest protector, and shin guards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13878" LastEditorUserId="13878" LastEditDate="2019-03-03T00:07:04.303" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T00:07:04.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21060" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-02T13:50:19.070" Score="3" ViewCount="725" Body="&lt;p&gt;When looking around for notes on ballroom dancing you will stumble across many abbreviations, many of them are very clear. But the dances itself (referring to the usual ten ballroom dances in a competition) seem to lack clear abbreviations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While searching I have found&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;S/SA/SB for Samba, C/CC/CCC for Cha Cha Cha, R/RU/RB for Rumba, J/JI/JV for Jive, P/PA/PD for Paso Doble&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;W/SW for Slow Waltz, VW/WW for Viennese Waltz, T/TA/TG for Tango, F/SF for Slow Foxtrot, Q/QS for Quickstep&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I have found no official reference (maybe from WDSF) which lists the abbreviations. Is there such a list or if not why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Please note that I have not found a tag for dancing here on Sports.SE, so if it is off-topic I would be glad if you could point me to some other place.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16871" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-03-26T20:41:15.940" LastActivityDate="2021-11-09T20:03:45.337" Title="Is there an official list of abbreviations for ballroom dances?" Tags="|terminology|dancing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21061" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-03T12:46:03.887" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;The World Allround Speed Skating Championships have been held since 1893. In the tournament, four distances are skated. Up to 1907, the World Champion was the skater who won at least three distances. If no participant won more than two distances, there was no world champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those 15 years, it happened five times that the tournament had no winner, thus there was no world champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there more examples of major sports (let's say sports that have been Olympic) that had world championships that did not have winners? My personal focus is on the years 1893 to 1907, to provide context to the speed skating tournament, but examples from every time period are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I don't mean championships were something unexpected happened, such as disqualifications or withdrawals, or outcomes that the organizers forgot to make rules for, such as participants being tied on points without tie-breakers. I mean championships where the rules were such that a not-so-extreme outcome could lead to having no world champion.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16874" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T12:46:03.887" Title="Besided speed skating, were there more world championships that did not gave a world champion?" Tags="|history|speed-skating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2019-03-03T16:16:40.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a ref of 40yrs. I have never given a card for screening. As mentioned a verbal acknowledgment of the possible infraction usually take care of any concerns. The receiving team needs to bring this concern to the R1. The defense is allowed to take their position on the court as stated in the rules. The receiving team needs to find a spot on the floor to see the server and the flight if the ball. If the serving team lines up in such a way to impede this a screening call could be concised. In reality, since the receiving front line can basically set up to take up the visual space of one person. I my view when player line up shoulder in the middle of the court. Back row player standing middle back, and server, serving from the middle of the court. This is a blatant attempt at creating an visual interference, and is a taught my a coach that is unethical or ignorant &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16875" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T16:16:40.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14825" CreationDate="2019-03-04T02:25:57.277" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pretty sure the ship's horn tradition was started at Lake Superior State College (now University) in the late 70s.  It so impressed people in the small Norris Arena that it was quickly adopted elsewhere.  Experienced it at plenty of the home games then but never heard it while watching NHL games 'til later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16879" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T02:25:57.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20403" CreationDate="2019-03-04T03:24:27.187" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard finding the data for previous years, but the scenario you described actually happened in that same year, 2018, during the Azerbaijan Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjI_vHiwefgAhVSXisKHeQmAQMQFjAAegQICBAC&amp;amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Ffile%2F67715%2Fdownload&amp;amp;usg=AOvVaw1MAwyLxSbSEGb4kT4aOD6M&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA&lt;/a&gt;, these were the best sector times in qualifying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sector 1: Kimi Raikkonen, 35.283&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sector 2: Kimi Raikkonen, 40.704&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sector 3: Esteban Ocon, 25.044&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gives us the combined &quot;perfect lap&quot;: 1:41.031&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the pole sitter was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Azerbaijan_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vettel&lt;/a&gt;, with 1:41.498, who, as you can see, had no fastest (purple) sector.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you may remember, the only reason Raikkonen didn't make the fastest lap that day was his oversteering at T16: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/xMnNQOgeWJ0?t=345&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/xMnNQOgeWJ0?t=345&lt;/a&gt;. By the way, you can see in the video that Raikkonen has 2 purple sectors already, the third one belonging to Ocon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T04:54:56.453" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T04:54:56.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10688" CreationDate="2019-03-04T13:12:37.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2018 MLB season, Jordan Hicks had the two fastest pitches recorded at 105.1 and 105.0 mph. Outside of several Chapman pitches and two pitches by Tayron Guerrero, Jordan Hicks dominated &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/statcast/leaderboard#pitch-velo,r,2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the first page of results&lt;/a&gt; of MLB Statcast's list of fastest pitches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OCKmq.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OCKmq.png&quot; alt=&quot;2018 Statcast Fastest Pitches&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T13:12:37.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2019-03-04T15:55:45.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if he is the one winning more races without being champion, but Nigel Mansell won 7 races in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Formula_One_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt; to lose the title to Alain Prost because, at the last race, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Australian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adelaide&lt;/a&gt;, he had a bad rear wheel puncture at approximately 300 Kph on a straight line that he luckily and skillfully saved to end into a huge crash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16882" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-07-03T06:45:11.113" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T06:45:11.113" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16384" CreationDate="2019-03-04T15:57:55.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well you can also add Nigel Mansell crashing into Senna in Portugal 1990. I think he got a ban of one or two races for that action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also add Ayrton Senna doing the same, crashing in purpose to Nigel Mansell at Adelaide (last race of the season) in 1992 to prevent Nigel to win 10 in a row, and goodbye him with a crash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16882" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T15:57:55.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21050" CreationDate="2019-03-05T17:00:42.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/21051/9868&quot;&gt;motosubatsu says&lt;/a&gt;, scrubbed tyres are ones which have already done a few laps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's not clear to me from the quote is whether the scrubbed tyres Webber was talking about were scrubbed inters or scrubbed dry tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If scrubbed inters, then on a drying track: they still have some tread at the start of the run, when the track is wet, but they get worn down to slicks once the track is dry, saving you needing to pit for dry tyres once the track is dry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If scrubbed dry tyres, then Webber is reckoning that the scrubbed dry tyres would have been good enough on the slightly wet track, and then when it fully dried up he wouldn't have needed to pit for dry tyres. Possibly fresh dry tyres are more slippery on a wet track than scrubbed dry tyres? - I'm not sure on that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, I suspect Webber was trying to avoid an additional pitstop once the track was fully dry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9868" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T17:00:42.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21053" CreationDate="2019-03-05T17:30:58.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not a force out situation.  You must tag the middle runner before he gets back to 2nd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The middle runner has only one safe base to get to and that's 2nd even if 2nd is occupied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the middle runner gets back to 2nd then the first runner's only option is 1st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.qcbaseball.com/rules/base-runner-two-runners-occupying-a-base.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Two runners on the same base&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16886" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T17:30:58.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14660" CreationDate="2019-03-06T10:24:13.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my humble opinion working as Track Marshal for more than a decade, the use of VSC is to keep the leader's (and other participants) gap to the rest of the field and for safety reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The VSC was implemented in F1 by the FIA after something similar was used in other series. Specially in Endurance Racing (series like the 24H Series use something called Code 60 that limits the cars speed to 60kms/h). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that by limiting the cars speed to the same one, they will keep the gap between them and so nobody sees its position in risk due to a SC period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the Code 60 (and the VSC) was implemented to help Track Marshal's work and be safe by limiting the cars on track speed. It used to be very common (still is) that in a SC period there's always some car not staying out of gas and going full throtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As VSC periods are implemented when something happened close to the track or in track action needs to be implemented by track marshals, cars need to be significantly slower than before. Specially because it means a double yellow period in most of the cases (and double yellow flags mean: get ready to stop, may be an obstacle in the middle of the track).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So adding a VSC to a double yellow sector to help recover the vehicle helps the Marshals work safer as the cars are going slower than previously and also Race Direction know exactly the gaps between cars so can indicate by radio to the marshals when to jump in or out of track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16891" LastActivityDate="2019-03-06T10:24:13.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18520" CreationDate="2019-03-06T10:33:29.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually in a Formula 1 perspective, Blue Flags are waved to slower cars that are about to become lapped by the leader or someone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not normal that backmarkers try to unlap themselves because normally they do not have the speed. Of course that can happen, but the unlapping car has to be aware that its actions can concur on changing the race results and so has to be very cautious when trying to unlap and make it clear to the race leader. If that does not happen, accidents like the one in Brazil 2018 when an unlapped car hit the race leader (Verstappen) might destroy race the leader's race and pace and concur in actions and sanctions by Race Direction to the unlapping car for creating an accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To explain more how do the blue flags go in the ground: &#xA; - A flag marshal is usually told by race direction via radio that the leader car is number XX and that number car YY is in front of him and will need to see blue flags. So when YY approaches that marshal post, the flag marshal has to wave the blue flag to it. (and, or, in Formula 1 also there is the blue flag in the panels that F1 brings to every race and that are controlled by Race Direction. Those, since 2018 are showing the car's to be lapped number in blue in the screen so the driver get to know easier it is him that will be lapped by the race leader).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The panel can be operated manually by the Panel Marshal and then you will see a blue flag shown in the panel, or can be operated by Race Control and this will instead show the car's number that is going to be lapped also in blue. No matter what the car that see's the flag has to be aware a faster car is approaching to overtake him.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16891" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-03-07T06:58:35.570" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T06:58:35.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21083" CreationDate="2019-03-07T01:03:12.603" Score="4" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=201/match=1096/index.html#nosticky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fifa data on the France vs Mexico World Cup match&lt;/a&gt; in 1930, the score is presented as 4:1 (3:0). Looking at the 'goals scored' section I see 5 goals have been scored, all of them in regular playing time. So my question is, what does the the (3:0) mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I figured it might be something related to do with how points are awarded in the group stage of the tournament, but another match (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=201/match=1090/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA vs Belgium&lt;/a&gt;) which was also part of the group match has score '3:0 (2:0)' so I don't think that's it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16895" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T03:40:40.177" Title="Meaning of '4:1 (3:0)' as score in football (World Cup match)" Tags="|football|world-cup|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21081" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-07T02:35:18.687" Score="2" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tonight I saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.packers.com/news/fb-john-kuhn-retires-as-a-packer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; on the Green Bay Packers' official website saying that longtime fan-favorite fullback John Kuhn would be retiring as a Packer. It's not clear to me what that means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John Kuhn did not play in the last NFL season and prior to that played a couple of years with the New Orleans Saints. The last team he played for was not the Packers. Nor does the article mention anything about him signing a 1-day contact with the team which I understand is something that happens occasionally. So what does it mean when the official team website says that he will be &quot;retiring as a Packer&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T03:31:46.437" Title="What does it mean to retire as a member of an NFL team?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21081" CreationDate="2019-03-07T03:31:46.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lots of contract stuff happens in March.  I am uncertain if there are any restrictions on signing free agents at the moment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would assume you can read this announcement that he intends to sign a 1-day contract.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.12up.com/posts/6313209-former-packers-fan-favorite-john-kuhn-announces-retirement-from-football&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; that reports such a contract is planned, but it doesn't list the source for that information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Fullback ​John Kuhn announced that he will sign a one day contract and&#xA;  retire as a Packer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T03:31:46.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21080" CreationDate="2019-03-07T03:40:40.177" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The parenthetical shows the halftime score.  This is confirmed from the list of scores:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lucien LAURENT (FRA) 19'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marcel LANGILLER (FRA) 40'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Andre MASCHINOT (FRA) 43'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Juan CARRENO (MEX) 70'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andre MASCHINOT (FRA) 87'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T03:40:40.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21135" CreationDate="2019-03-07T16:36:04.510" Score="2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it legal to use a rubber cut in a way that it doesn't show the brand or any other information?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13561" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-08T14:17:00.650" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T14:17:00.650" Title="Table tennis rubber not showing brand or model" Tags="|rules|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21088" CreationDate="2019-03-07T19:07:17.387" Score="3" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm used to see the puck used to score a goal be given to the player that scored the goal; but this seems to be something else. &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/TomasPleky14/status/1103306786965278721&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/TomasPleky14/status/1103306786965278721&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carey Price got what I would guess is the puck that was used in the last seconds of play for his 314th victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it sparks the question: Is every single puck used in a game given to a player playing the game? Or are those photos just for big events (Tie of a record, hat tricks, first goal, etc)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T08:02:36.620" Title="Is every puck used in a game given to a player?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21087" CreationDate="2019-03-08T08:02:36.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pucks are often only for show and sometimes sold or &lt;a href=&quot;https://auctions.nhl.com/iSynApp/allAuction.action?sid=1100803&amp;amp;rc=20&amp;amp;selectedCatId=16040&amp;amp;sort=timeleft_asc&amp;amp;pgmode1=catpage&amp;amp;navid=auctions-nav-Game-Used%20Pucks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;auctioned&lt;/a&gt; later. Some players keep them, some don't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a game about 10-15 pucks (or even more) are used and not all of them are given away to players. Some will be kept or given to fans and unusable/damaged pucks get discarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T08:02:36.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-08T14:03:22.433" Score="0" ViewCount="465" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is any specific bat size? Which is used in International Cricket.If yes then is it  depend on player height?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16785" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T08:08:05.337" Title="What is the legal bat size in international cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20603" CreationDate="2019-03-09T00:53:30.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try one or both of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Swim downward&quot; to keep your legs close to the surface of the water.  A lot of people drop the lower half of their body when swimming in order to keep their face near the surface of the water.  This creates a lot of drag; the legs mimic a sail in this position.  I keep my arms at about a 20-30 degree angle to the surface after they enter the water, and look straight down at the bottom of the pool while focusing on keeping my hips and heels close to the surface.  Your head can stay near the surface, so long as your hips and heels do too.  (I try to feel the air on my gluteus maximus and occasionally my heels, but my kick is not standard.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take note of what you see when you come up for air.  For years I would look at the ceiling when taking a breath--this is horrible.  Try to look to the side wall, especially closer to the pool deck or edge of the pool.  Ideally, only about half of your face will exit the water, helping you to avoid sinking the lower body.  Some people find they need to practice opening only the left or right side of their mouths to avoid taking in water.  I find that using my core to twist my body sideways (so my entire body is almost facing the bottom corner of the pool when I breath) makes this process easier without running the risk of dropping my hips, but not everyone agrees with this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;swim down&quot; technique is common in Total Immersion swimming, which is what I practice.  Although not exactly the same style of swimming, Effortless Swimming regularly posts videos on YouTube of a swim coach critiquing videos of people swimming, which I find very useful.  (People submit their own videos for critique.)  This one in particular sounds like it covers some of the issues you are facing, and provides details and visuals: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQbjMjneBH0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQbjMjneBH0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16912" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T00:53:30.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17846" CreationDate="2019-03-09T12:33:26.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This rule was introduced in 2004 (it is referred to in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.trouw.nl/home/sprintkampioen-van-velde-hekelt-nieuwe-startregel~a20a6904/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this interview&lt;/a&gt; in 2004 as a 'new starting rule'), and it was said to be copied from track&amp;amp;field rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasoning behind it was simply to save time. If in a 500m competition, all riders would have one false start, there would be too much time in between the Zamboni cleaning breaks, and some riders would ride on bad ice. Additionally, it is easier to make a tournament planning if less time needs to be reserved for potential false starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user16874" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T12:33:26.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21027" CreationDate="2019-03-09T15:28:24.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Yes, there have been.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 2010 to 2014 there have been approximately 10 NBA sneaker mishaps.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.complex.com/sneakers/2014/04/history-of-sneaker-mishaps-in-the-nba/tony-wroten-loses-sole-of-his-jordan-x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.complex.com/sneakers/2014/04/history-of-sneaker-mishaps-in-the-nba/tony-wroten-loses-sole-of-his-jordan-x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an uncommon occurance, but in the NBA, it seems to happen about 2 times every season. If a shoe just falls off someone's foot, they keep on playing. The link above shows a history of sneaker mishaps from 2010 to 2014&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T15:28:24.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-09T22:21:52.900" Score="2" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the weekend the ref was blatantly giving all the decisions to the home team, and so was receiving some grief from the sidelines. In the 52nd minute one of the away players said to the home player 'How much are you paying him?' The referee went ahead and gave him a red card. After a few minutes there was a disagreement between the linesman (away team parent) and the ref, and the linesman walked off and refused to linesman the game. The ref declared the game abandoned and blew for the final whistle in the 52nd minute. The score was 2-2, and bearing in mind this was a junior game, who wins?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16917" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2023-02-03T09:33:30.943" LastActivityDate="2023-02-03T09:33:30.943" Title="Referee stopped match mid-game and lost control, what happens?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2019-03-09T22:50:12.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody wins, the match has been abandoned. While in theory &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-duration-of-the-match_2018/chapters/abandoned-match-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.5 states&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can bet your bottom dollar that the organisers &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; be getting involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T22:50:12.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21105" CreationDate="2019-03-10T21:09:23.333" Score="2" ViewCount="1391" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, I regularly notice a short buzzer sound played between the first and the second free-throw. What's the reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-12T08:42:58.977" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T08:42:58.977" Title="Buzzer between free-throws" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21101" CreationDate="2019-03-11T06:35:06.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Buzzer is to note that subs are coming in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Buzzer can be used for any substitution.   I can not find any referee notes for the NBA regarding in-between free throws (probably because they would be in the notes for person running clock).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally I refereed since I was 11 years old.   The scorer's table will hit the buzzer to alert the referee OR players for any substitution.   Meaning if I call a foul and at the scorer's table, I might motion the substitution in before I get set and before the rotating referee in-bounds the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scorer's table can hit the buzzer there.  They usually don't (pee-wee through small time college).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common reason the scorer's table will hit buzzer for subs are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Referee missed seeing the subs and about to start play.   For sure the number one reason outside the NBA.   There are some gyms where kids are on a knee in front of their bench (not scorer's table) so it is hard to infer they are coming in.   Been in so many gyms (even small colleges) where I was constantly asking players if they were subbing - &quot;no talking to coach&quot; so you tend to stop looking and wait to hear.   The scorer's table if working properly will buzz the referee so they stop and motion subs in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players not paying attention.   Referee motions for subs and players just sit there.   Little buzz gets them going.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And in some gyms they do the automatic 2nd free throw buzz.   Maybe 1 out of 5 gyms in my area.   I think this is just to get things moving faster.   Ref and player hears the buzz, player runs in, other player runs off.   With no buzz then ref holds up hand walks in the vicinity of subs and motions them in, given they are paying attention.   It is faster for sure.  But we are talking about maybe shaving off 3-4 seconds if that.   I can see the NBA doing it because that is for sure the 2nd worst part of watching an NBA game is the 60 seconds for 2 free throws (the worst is the 10 timeouts in the last two minutes).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some people running the clock just love to hit the buzzer.  I mean seriously I will work a game where I hear the buzzer at the end of each quarter and that's it.   The next game the guy hits it 40 times.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This goes along with number 4 and not applicable to the NBA.   Some smaller gyms have bad buzzers.   Some are excruciatingly loud and some sound low or weird.   So the scorer's table might refrain from using them unless they have to.  Those gyms you will get the &quot;hey ref&quot; instead of the buzzer.  Note that the buzzer is much more efficient as some gyms I might not hear a &quot;hey ref&quot; even if yelled from 20 feet (ref's are also conditioned to not listen to any phrase from the stands with the word &quot;ref&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For specifically the NBA I think the buzzer serves two purposes - make things quicker and alert fans.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in case you have another follow-up.   In a two free throw situation you only can sub on second free throw, three free throw only on third, and one free throw or a 1 and 1 you can sub before the first.  This is solely so there is only one set of subs per stop in play.   If you are a new referee and let in subs on the first free throw - it is very natural to do it when you are giving scorer's table the number of the player committing the foul and subs are 3 feet from you - and then the coach decides to put in another sub on the second free throw... you will get majorly dinged in any critique if someone is watching your game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2019-03-11T18:31:35.337" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T18:31:35.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21107" CreationDate="2019-03-11T08:14:36.527" Score="4" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://thelegalgroup.nl/real-madrid-ajax-2019/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; video of Ajax versus Real Madrid, accompanying an article, you can see around 2:22 that there was much controversy about a ball being out or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the help of the VAR it was decided after about four minutes that the ball was in. In my eyes though, the ball was clearly out. It was said that was because of the angle we looked at it. The point of contact of the ball with the grass was clearly &lt;strong&gt;over&lt;/strong&gt; the backline of Real Madrid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, is it the point of contact that counts, does the ball have to be over the line with its full diameter or what, to make the decision that a ball in football is out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16926" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-12T07:10:50.647" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T07:10:50.647" Title="When is the ball out in football?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21106" CreationDate="2019-03-11T10:17:07.510" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't watch the video either, but yes, the full diameter counts and not where the ball touches the ground. Simply said, if you look straight down on the ball and it still touches the line it is in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Mwgh.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Mwgh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the rules covering said situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theifab.com/laws/the-throw-in/chapters/the-throw-in-introduction&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 15, Throw-In&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...)when the &lt;strong&gt;whole of the ball&lt;/strong&gt; passes over the touchline, on the&#xA;  ground or in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also counts for all other similar situations (goal, corner, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T10:17:07.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21113" CreationDate="2019-03-11T19:04:22.543" Score="6" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Premier League table right now looks like the following.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1GbcO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1GbcO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Arsenal, Tottenham, Chelsea and United finish at 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th position respectively and Chelsea and United win Europa League and Champions League respectively, then do Tottenham crash out of champions league in the next year. As there is direct qualification for cl and el winners in next champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15744" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T04:17:08.837" Title="Champions League qualification from Premier League" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21112" CreationDate="2019-03-12T04:17:08.837" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, you're right, in this case, Tottenham will be transferred to the Europa League. This situation is specifically covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018/19 UEFA Champions League regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.07&lt;/strong&gt; If the UEFA Champions League titleholder and the UEFA Europa League&#xA;  titleholder come from the same association and do not qualify for the&#xA;  competition through their domestic championship, one of the following scenarios&#xA;  applies:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a. If the association is entitled to four places in the competition and both&#xA;  titleholders qualify for the UEFA Europa League through their domestic&#xA;  championship, &lt;strong&gt;the lowest-placed of the association’s UEFA Champions League&#xA;  representatives is automatically transferred to the UEFA Europa League&lt;/strong&gt; (into&#xA;  the UEFA Europa League group stage where a vacancy is created). In this case,&#xA;  the association of the titleholders is entitled to one additional place (total of&#xA;  five) in the UEFA Champions League, but the combined number of places to&#xA;  which it is entitled in the two competitions does not change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T04:17:08.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21114" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24215" CreationDate="2019-03-12T10:12:14.357" Score="3" ViewCount="691" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the games I've seen (anywhere, not only in my own country), looks like each team gets one of two colors,  but couldn't find a clear pattern or how it's being determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any global regulations about basketball shirt colors assigned to teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5026/how-are-the-uniform-colours-determined-in-the-world-cup&quot;&gt;Related question about shirt colors&lt;/a&gt;, however for different sport so likely not really relevant for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1598" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T01:08:25.547" Title="Who determines the teams shirt colors, and based on what?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21114" CreationDate="2019-03-12T17:27:02.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every league has its own regulations.   Most basketball leagues work like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Create uniform demo for a &quot;white&quot; and &quot;dark&quot; jersey.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ask league for permission.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Print jerseys.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wear &quot;white&quot; version for home games and &quot;dark&quot; for away games (note hockey and American football do the opposite).   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some leagues allow alternative jerseys to the standard two.   Then it is up to the home team to notify league and away team and follow league protocol (or get permission) to wear the non-standard jersey.   So if the Celtics want to wear a throwback green jersey at home they need to make sure the away team is ready with white uniforms (which they might not normally travel with).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is pretty standard globally as I have played/watched basketball in Europe.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only stipulations on this - also governed by each league - that I have seen is the number of colors allowed.   The NBA for instance usually tries to limit teams to three colors (there are exceptions but not many) and I have seen overseas the jerseys much more colorful.   The teams themselves choose the colors to go with mascot or just for marketing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't remember the NBA ever rejecting a color scheme based on being too close to another team's because the teams can use the same colors but really the teams are trying to differentiate between each other from a marketing/sales standpoint.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T17:27:02.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12760" CreationDate="2019-03-12T19:09:56.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How can I choose a type of golf ball to play with?&lt;/strong&gt; Is there a way to&#xA;  determine what type of golf ball is best suited for my game? (ie, if I&#xA;  can use improved performance around the greens, should I opt for a&#xA;  golf ball designed for feel? or if I can use improved performance off&#xA;  the tee, should I opt for a golf ball designed for distance? or should&#xA;  I opt for a golf ball that provides a blend of both feel and&#xA;  distance?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/12882&quot;&gt;accepted answer&lt;/a&gt; is perfect. I'm going to answer for those &lt;strong&gt;at a lower skill level&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Focusing on feel and distance is not the primary focus. As a result, buying intricate golf balls will make a negligible difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the price point of golf balls is important when it comes to choosing a golf ball to play with &lt;strong&gt;at a lower skill level&lt;/strong&gt;. As the question notes, a dozen Titleist Pro V1 golf balls costs $62, which is about $5 per golf ball. This is not appetizing for golf balls &quot;that will end up in ponds, backyards and lost among the trees.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you must buy Titleist or other brand-name three-piece (or more) golf balls, consider buying golf balls used. There are rating guides to describe the condition of the golf ball. I personally recommend golf balls in AAA (or better) condition, but to remain consistent with first paragraph, golf balls in A or AA condition work just as well at a fraction of the price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-10-02T18:16:26.037" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T18:16:26.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21127" CreationDate="2019-03-13T17:21:10.427" Score="5" ViewCount="947" Body="&lt;p&gt;In indoor volleyball, the ball can not be played off of the wall. In a rec league, a ball recently was sent high and off to the side of the court. It was going to make contact with the wall about 7-8 feet up in the air, so I jumped off the wall to knock it back into the court before the ball made contact with the wall. The referee actually allowed the point, but afterwards told me that it was illegal and he should have called it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess I could see this rule going either way, but I’m not convinced that this should be illegal. Does anybody have any insight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16939" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T10:40:45.117" Title="Can you jump off the wall in volleyball?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20692" CreationDate="2019-03-13T19:03:14.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;What to do&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use a proper grip. People have different tastes, but the most common one these days is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grip_(tennis)#The_Semi-Western_Forehand_Grip_(Bevel_#4)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the semi-western grip&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make a unit turn (take back) with the help of the non-hitting hand; this will coil your upper body well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take a good &quot;power position&quot; with the racket head pointing up, while stretching the non-hitting hand to the side at the height of the shoulder. The extended non-hitting hand helps you measure the distance from the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Create a nice and relaxed racket lag by flipping the racket. Now the grip end is leading the racket head and you swing the racket forward.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When your hitting arm reaches the contact point, which is a little ahead of your body, the racket head accelerates and overtakes the grip end by the centrifugal force to hit the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Still using the centrifugal force, direct the racket head by the pronation of the forearm to make so-called &quot;wiper action&quot; just about the time you hit the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Keep your head pointing to the contact point while you finish the swing by a nice follow-through.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Not to do&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use a wrong grip. The continental grip is now considered outdated because it is not suitable to create good topspin.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Non-hitting arm just dangling down while at the power position (take back). You may not able to coil your upper body well. The balance of the body may not be good. You may struggle to measure the distance of a ball. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Too much take back. Even at the power position, the racket should still be on the side of your hitting arm. Too much take back takes your time without actually accelerating the racket head speed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Force the racket lag. It has to be achieved in a nice and effortless way. Otherwise, you might hurt your elbow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holding the grip tightly when swinging and hitting a ball. You need to relax the grip and the wrist to accelerate the racket head speed by the centrifugal force.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Force the wiper action by muscular strength. This might hurt your elbow. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16938" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T19:03:14.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21121" CreationDate="2019-03-14T10:00:35.240" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the wall was more than 3m from the court, my understanding is that this is a legal play. The important rules here are Rule 1, &quot;Playing Area&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.1 DIMENSIONS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a&#xA;  free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free&#xA;  from any obstructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this means that there cannot be any walls etc in the free zone, as that as part of the playing area. Next see Rule 9.1.3, &quot;Assisted Hit&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Within the playing area&lt;/em&gt;, a player is not permitted to take support from a&#xA;  team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis). &lt;em&gt;Outside&lt;/em&gt; the playing area, it is allowed to take support from structures or objects, and this is allowed by referees in accordance with the principle of &quot;keep the ball flying&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the wall were within the 3m free zone, then the venue would not be a valid location to play volleyball under FIVB rules. Some leagues I've played in have explicit local rules for this kind of situation (which is good and makes the question answerable: read the local rules), others have relied on the interpretation of the referee (which is slightly less good).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(All rules quotes from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017-2020 Rules&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-14T10:40:45.117" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T10:40:45.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20603" CreationDate="2019-03-14T11:44:30.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Keeping your head down is good from a streamlined perspective, it allows your hips to sit higher in the water and therefore create less drag. Getting breathing right on front crawl is a lot about timing: as you pull your arm through the water towards your hip, it should generate a small amount of lift, and also the force and rotation of your shoulder will create a slight dip in the water level - this is when you need to take your breath, to coincide with the slight elevation of your head and depression in the water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are turning your head too far, it twists your body and you will end up snaking down the pool. This tires you out because you are then swimming slightly further per length than necessary, as well as wasting energy with the excess rotation. If you are lifting your head too high, it will sink your hips, causing drag that slows you down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good drill for breathing is to use a float (kick board) and swim with it in one hand, held extended in front of you. Then use your free arm to perform the front crawl motion and breath to that side as you pull through the water. Try to keep your head position low (water line should be to your forehead or slightly above). You will want to kick fairly well to keep your body line flat, but focus on not turning the head too far or lifting your face forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7615" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T11:44:30.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20981" CreationDate="2019-03-14T17:44:57.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first rule the player has the ball in his possession.   The second rule the player is newly possessing the ball.   If you think they conflict, then remember that the second rule trumps the first one.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T17:44:57.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20822" CreationDate="2019-03-15T14:37:55.530" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/20828&quot;&gt;This other answer&lt;/a&gt; covers categories of players in which there is a deadline to sign that particular type of player. The answer is correct, but not all-encompassing and (I feel) misses the spirit of your question. For example, during the 2014 season, Ben Tate was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000451747/article/ben-tate-signs-with-running-backneedy-steelers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;signed to the Steelers&lt;/a&gt; on December 30th. This is similar to the scenario you are asking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was Ben Tate signed after a November deadline? Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/updates/football-ops/2019-nfl-free-agency-faq/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL Free Agency FAQ&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q.  What determines an unrestricted free agent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A.  A player with four or more accrued seasons whose contract has&#xA;  expired. He is free to sign with any club — with no draft choice&#xA;  compensation owed to his old club — through July 22 or the first&#xA;  scheduled day of the first NFL training camp, whichever is later. His&#xA;  negotiating rights revert exclusively to his old club if by May 7 the&#xA;  old club tendered the player a one-year contract for 110 percent of&#xA;  his prior year’s salary. His old club then has until the Tuesday&#xA;  following Week 10 of the regular season (Nov. 12) to sign him. If he&#xA;  does not sign by that date, he must sit out the season. &lt;strong&gt;If no tender&#xA;  is offered by May 7, the player can be signed by any club at any time&#xA;  throughout the season.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being unable to fully decipher what this says and means and with news outlets rarely getting into contract details in their articles, I conclude that Ben Tate was signed as an unrestricted free agent who didn't have a tender placed on him. Moreover, he was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000448804/article/ben-tate-released-by-minnesota-vikings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;released by the Vikings&lt;/a&gt; one week before he was signed by the Steelers on December 23, 2014. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was watching the Seahawks game on 5 January 2019 during the playoffs and the kicker got injured. If the Seahawks won that game, could they sign a new player to replace him or is the signing period complete after a certain point in the season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, a player in Ben Tate's scenario could be signed. Whether Ben Tate is considered an unrestricted free agent or is considered under a different designation, I am unable to decipher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I shall note that you do not mention the term &quot;free agent&quot; in your question. To that end, &quot;free agent&quot; criteria would not be helpful if Ben Tate is considered under a different designation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon further research, I found the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4673681/nfl-rules-on-filling-roster-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; (though it is from 2010) that states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Clubs participating in the playoffs are permitted to sign free agents&#xA;  throughout the postseason, but are limited to a total of four free&#xA;  agent signings, including players on other clubs' Practice Squads,&#xA;  during the period that begins at 4 p.m., New York time, on the&#xA;  Wednesday after the final regular season weekend.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, &lt;strong&gt;yes, you may sign a player during the NFL playoffs.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-06T02:19:48.033" LastActivityDate="2019-12-06T02:19:48.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21084" CreationDate="2019-03-15T18:15:29.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regulation 3.02.01 states that only table tennis rubbers authorized by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) can be used in authorized events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You must ensure that you attached them to your blade so that the ITTF logo and the maker's logo or trademark are clearly visible near the edge of the blade so that they can be checked by the umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-15T18:33:02.797" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T18:33:02.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21137" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-16T21:07:49.200" Score="1" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say the attacker is actively pressing the keeper. I have seen in situations keepers picking up the ball but I am not sure of the exact rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16953" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T00:40:01.313" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T00:40:01.313" Title="Can a keeper pick up the ball after receiving the ball with his feet?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-03-19T21:07:14.680" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-18T14:51:05.697" Score="3" ViewCount="1737" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis balls are mostly covered with felt, and they have a white curvilinear oval that goes around them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TYjo3.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TYjo3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason tennis balls have that oval, instead of just being completely covered with felt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That oval seems to be the same shape as the oval of stitches that goes around a baseball, and the stitches definitely affect the movement of a baseball.  Does the oval affect the movement of a tennis ball?  Or would a tennis ball move the same way even if it was covered completely in felt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T16:33:19.363" Title="Why does a tennis ball have a curvilinear oval that goes around it?" Tags="|tennis|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13334" CreationDate="2019-03-18T19:36:35.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an 8 year old right now that I am teaching to pitch.  Both of his older brothers pitched, I pitched, a family of pitchers (catchers when not pitching).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will tell you why this has evolved from both a teaching standpoint and a &quot;norm&quot; standpoint.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stretch only Pros:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can be used in all situations.    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are on a good team - select or travel - the systems/teams treat the kids as more commodities now.   We have 7 good arms, we should be able to turn 4 of them into pitchers.   Much easier to do this factory-like approach by making the assembly line the exact same for each kid.  Boom we can train this kid to throw strikes in 5 hours instead of 10 or whatever they think.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The stretch motion has less moving parts which correlates with #1 and #2.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pros of using a full wind-up with a young pitcher:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They will be able to throw harder out of the gate.   I do see that another answer has a quote from a player that talks about throwing hard out of stretch.   That is just his opinion and is not backed up with any data.   Any data that you get for MLB players will show they throw harder out of the wind-up.   Also the variance for less practiced players will be much greater.   A MLB player should be able to throw close to same speed since they have the techniques down hopefully (more on this later).   Coaching kids for years from 6-20 I can tell you unequivocally there is no discussion here - for sure more speed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By not focusing on how hard you are throwing you are putting less pressure on your arm, elbows, shoulders.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One of the main points of the wind-up is momentum.   Very few kids at age 10 have the big arm and the quickness to snap forward - the kids that are good at snapping forward are usually smaller.   I would argue that the momentum a kid gets in the wind-up is a learned behavior that will eventually be carried into a stretch given the right emphasis by coaches.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To further point 3 most or a lot of little league fields do not have mounds.   Pitching out of the wind-up should force the new (not pro) pitcher to come forward faster.   You will see young kids in the stretch and they are pitching off their back foot almost like a quarterback heaving a long pass.   This puts a ton of pressure on parts of a young arm that can get overused quickly when throwing wrong.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And to keep with the momentum thing - it is also hip rotation.   When you are in the stretch your hip rotation is a very muscular movement.  (people do not understand that the hardest throwing pitcher ever - Nolan Ryan - was a squats/leg press junkie)   You have to exert an amount of force by your right foot to get your left foot (RH pitcher example) over, out and straight or you leave yourself in a closed/awkward position to throw.   The wind-up takes this muscular movement and puts a high degree of elasticity to it right away.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am coaching my kid or kids that I care about I will teach the wind-up exclusively at first.  I mean that is the reason most leagues have rules of no stealing the first two years kids are pitching.   If a kid is using reasonable form and is using their body (momentum and push) instead of their arm they can throw 200 pitches a day without issues.   It is really about odd angles and a kid trying to overpitch or &quot;arm&quot; the ball that gets them hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again not trying to be cynical of the new coaching methods but they were introduced by academies to teach pitchers faster.   If your kid has an arm issue, move on to the next kid.   I do understand that they are being sold that this is easier for kids since it is less to remember.   But it seems crazy that you think a kid is going to learn the forward momentum and hip rotation on their own.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guarantee 99% of all major league pitchers spent more time during practice growing up in the wind-up than stretch.   For the exact reasons I mentioned.   Safer initially, teaches forward momentum, helps with hip rotation, defocuses arm action in correlation to pitch speed.   What some MLB or college player does later on (stretch only) has really nothing to do with your son as they have already practiced and learned the executions steps of a successful pitch.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I do agree that once perfected you are going to get close to 95-99% of the same ability out of the stretch.   It does make sense for some relievers to do this so they can always be ready for a man on base.   It also makes sense for higher caliber players to do this when they are having mechanical flaws or flaws in doing the full wind-up.   I am not dissing the approach, I am dissing when coaches are implementing the approach at the youth level.  If I saw my kid releasing the ball early (back or high), not turned, or off their back foot I would simply not allow my kid to pitch.   &lt;strong&gt;We are taking something done at the MLB level for mainly psychological reasoning and implementing it at youth sports as a &quot;same&quot; alternative.&lt;/strong&gt;   Trust me if MLB owners/coaches/scouts thought throwing from the stretch was the same or better or even close the analytical data would have caused them all to shift to this years ago.   In something as analytics and science driven as baseball why would they support a pitching method that is inferior predominantly?   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also not allowing wind-up would limit my teaching of the best pick-off play in youth baseball.   Runner on 3rd (RH pitcher example), come up high with glove and ball, don't bring them together, step back with right foot at same time, and fire to 3rd... watch player and coach cringe.  Then watch coach yell &quot;balk&quot; to ump.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T19:36:35.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21142" CreationDate="2019-03-18T20:28:42.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The felt is attached to a rubber sheet.  (You can't push as hard on an assembled ball as you can on the sheet material).  And since you can't cut a sphere out a single sheet of material, there has to be a seam somewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, the sheet was cut into a &quot;clover leaf&quot; pattern that was then folded and assembled into a ball.  Later, it was changed to the modern &quot;half shell&quot; pattern (which &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/technical/balls/other/history.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Tennis Federation&lt;/a&gt; says was to increase the uniformity of the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rubber seam replaced stitches in the older balls and joins the pieces together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I missed this part of the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the stitches definitely affect the movement of a baseball. Does the oval affect the movement of a tennis ball? Or would a tennis ball move the same way even if it was covered completely in felt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A baseball is mostly smooth with a set of seams that can be oriented in a few different ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suspicion is that the reverse on the tennis ball (a small smooth patch) has significantly less effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found one &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wseas.us/e-library/transactions/fluid/2008/MGR-09.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt; on tennis ball aerodynamics.  Tables 3 and 4 at the end compare lift and drag on a modeled sphere and a modeled sphere with a seam.  The numbers are very similar and the effect of the seam is not called out in their conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-03-19T16:33:19.363" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T16:33:19.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2305" CreationDate="2019-03-20T12:20:03.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the question includes a draw as the result, the biggest deficit is now 24 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At half-time on Saturday March 16th 2019, Scotland were 31-7 down to England at Twickenham. They overcame the deficit with 31 unanswered points before England scored a converted try in the last phase of the match to draw 38-38.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16974" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-20T19:06:43.410" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T19:06:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21155" CreationDate="2019-03-21T10:39:22.740" Score="0" ViewCount="1660" Body="&lt;p&gt;During sports events, there's a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://vocaroo.com/i/s1iuX4pRcoAT&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;trumpet sound&lt;/a&gt;&quot; which is played in game time, particularly in the NBA when team is on attack / ball possession. The same sound is used by default in the NBA 2K14 video game as well. What does this sound mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16955" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-21T15:18:25.147" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T15:18:25.147" Title="What is this trumpet sound that is heard during sports events?" Tags="|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21154" CreationDate="2019-03-21T11:54:38.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sound is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Kg9f_z0PDA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bugle call&lt;/a&gt; known as &quot;Charge.&quot; This short music clip can be heard at different sporting events. From a sports perspective, this sound is intended for the players (and fans) to take action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(bugle_call)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T11:54:38.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21156" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-21T15:06:43.047" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2019, Mike Trout signed a 12-year, $430 million contract. This is on the heels of Bryce Harper signing a 13-year, $330 million contract. There have been several 10-year contracts signed by baseball players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The longest contracts in the NFL during the 2018-2019 season are 6 years in length. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_sports_contracts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;longest contracts&lt;/a&gt; in the NFL during the 2000s were 8-12 years in length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are 10+ year contracts discouraged or prohibited in the NFL? If discouraged, why? There were a few NFL contracts in the 10+ year range in the 2000s, but none since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T15:06:43.047" Title="Are 10+ year contracts discouraged or prohibited in the NFL?" Tags="|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21158" CreationDate="2019-03-21T15:07:52.017" Score="1" ViewCount="1471" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2019, Mike Trout signed a 12-year, $430 million contract. This is on the heels of Bryce Harper signing a 13-year, $330 million contract. There have been several 10-year contracts signed by baseball players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The longest contracts in the NBA during the 2018-2019 season are 5-6 years in length. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_sports_contracts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;longest contracts&lt;/a&gt; in the NBA during the 2000s were 7 years in length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are 10+ year contracts discouraged or prohibited in the NBA? If discouraged, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-07-04T07:29:34.283" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T07:29:34.283" Title="Are 10+ year contracts discouraged or prohibited in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21157" CreationDate="2019-03-21T15:55:55.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As always, you want the fantastic &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBA FAQ&lt;/a&gt;, in this case, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbafaq.com/salarycap.htm#Q53&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Question 53 &amp;quot;Is there a limit to the length of a contract?&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The maximum years and raises depend on the type of contract, however the &amp;quot;standard&amp;quot; maximum length is four seasons [...] The following are exceptions to the standard:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ ...a number of exceptions, but the longest is: ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Extensions (Designated Veterans)  6 [years]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Why?&amp;quot; is a more complicated question. The maximum contract length was introduced in order to prevent teams crippling their teams for multiple years by being tied into a high-priced contract with a veteran who is years past their prime - see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_DiPietro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rick DiPietro&lt;/a&gt; for what happens if this kind of restriction doesn't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the contract length restriction has accomplished that aim, it's also had the effect of moving a lot of power to the players as teams can't lock up their legitimate superstars for long contracts - see in particular LeBron James's multiple moves, and Kevin Durant's move to the Warriors (and his potential leaving).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T15:55:55.967" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21159" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-21T19:53:02.140" Score="2" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;For avoidance of doubt, I think all people are fundamentally the same and the only thing different is the colour of their skin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I've noticed that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All the recent 100m Olympic and World champions have had Afro-Caribbean ancestry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of distance races have been won by Kenyans in recent years.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there reputable scientific evidence that indicates a physiological difference between the different races which impacts on their sporting ability, or is the difference down to cultural factors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16981" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-21T22:53:41.193" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T22:53:41.193" Title="Is the success of some racial groups in some sports physiological or cultural?" Tags="|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17097" CreationDate="2019-03-21T20:43:05.313" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This reference is a nod to a surfer who said &quot;a surfer and a board is equal a tube&quot; but it's also a nod to the mathematical formula 1 + 1 = 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16982" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-03-22T08:26:34.977" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T08:26:34.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-22T20:52:06.930" Score="1" ViewCount="907" Body="&lt;p&gt;Players wiping their sneakers during deadball periods is ubiquitous now.  I remember hearing somewhere that Larry Bird started doing it, but not for any particular reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is he the first to make this action during a game?  Was there another player to have done it sooner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T19:23:51.847" LastActivityDate="2022-01-22T06:30:02.727" Title="Was Larry Bird the first basketball player to wipe his sneakers during games?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21195" CreationDate="2019-03-23T08:54:10.737" Score="1" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see lot of matches and almost every match leg spin bowler is more expensive then off spin bowler but leg spin bowler is more wickets then off spin bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16257" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-03-23T09:25:15.553" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T08:03:47.347" Title="Why leg spin bowler is more expensive then off spin?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21165" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-23T20:26:46.177" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the opposition batsmen failed to turn up. Is he out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This matters especially for my competition where teams receive 0.25 points for each wicket taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16985" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-03-24T18:46:15.117" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T18:46:15.117" Title="Is an absent batsman out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21165" CreationDate="2019-03-23T21:06:06.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 1.2 requires that the players of each team be provided in writing to the umpires before the toss, and thereafter not changed without the agreement of the opposing captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 40 requires that the next batsman be ready on the field within three (3) minutes of a dismissal, unless Time is called. If the three minutes elapse without the batsman being ready, they are liable to be out, Timed out on appeal by the fielding team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-03-23T21:06:06.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21167" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-24T16:41:52.953" Score="-2" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player be given a red card for just 45 second, after which he will be allowed to continue playing again?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16990" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T07:45:47.747" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T07:45:47.747" Title="Football yellow cards and red cards" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21169" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-25T02:48:45.487" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;In snooker, what is the penalty for interfering with the path of the cue ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume it must be more than 7 points because let's say a player hits a shot and he sees the cue ball heading for the black which is not on, then it is a seven point foul if he hits it, so let's say he sticks his cue in front of the cue ball and deflects it, what is the penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the same question could apply in any situation where the frame is in jeopardy if the cue ball gets into position. In other words, let's say that if the cue ball lands in favorable position for the other player, then you will lose the frame. No penalty is big enough, because you will lose the frame anyway, so you might as well foul to prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2020-02-09T04:04:00.497" Title="Penalty for interfering with the path of the cue ball?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21167" CreationDate="2019-03-25T08:20:47.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. A red card means that the player is out for the rest of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In youth football timed suspensions are possible (at least here they are), but they replace the 2nd yellow card and another yellow card after that suspension is no longer possible. Any offense that would lead to one results in a direct red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there were situations in the past where the red card was a mistake and the referee took it back. In such a case the player is allowed to return to the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T08:20:47.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21169" CreationDate="2019-03-25T10:21:57.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Section 4 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules&lt;/a&gt; allows the referee a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of discretion in this kind of matter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the event of [...] any conduct by a Player which in the opinion of the referee is wilfully or persistently unfair [...] the referee shall either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(v) warn the Player that in the event of any such further conduct the&#xA;frame will be awarded to his opponent; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(vi) award the frame to his opponent; or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(vii) in the event that the conduct is sufficiently serious, award the game&#xA;to his opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any professional players, I'd imagine that this kind of behaviour would also result in sanctions from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPBSA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T10:21:57.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21174" CreationDate="2019-03-25T14:24:34.847" Score="2" ViewCount="747" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Basketball_Tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament&lt;/a&gt; came close to having all of the top 4 seeds in each region make it to the Sweet Sixteen.  Only 2 teams lower than a 4-seed made it to the Sweet Sixteen - Auburn (5-seed) and Oregon (12-seed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was there ever a Sweet Sixteen that had all 4 top seeds from each region, or one that came closer than the 2019 season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T14:33:00.457" Title="Has a Sweet Sixteen ever had all 4 top seeds in each region?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21173" CreationDate="2019-03-25T14:33:00.457" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaab/2019/03/25/march-madness-ncaa-tournaments-chalk-first-weekend-sweet-16/3265225002/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; was as close as 2019 in which two four seeds were joined by a 5-seed and a 12-seed in the Sweet 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For just the second time ever, the top three seeds in every single region &#xA;  advanced to the Sweet 16, and they were joined by two other No. 4&#xA;  seeds.&lt;/strong&gt; Only Oregon (No. 12 in the South) and Auburn (No. 5 in the&#xA;  Midwest) prevented the entire first weekend from going chalk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Seeds were first introduced to the NCAA tournament in 1979, and the&#xA;  field expanded to 64 in 1985. Since then, &lt;strong&gt;2009 is the only other year&#xA;  that the top three seeds in every region advanced&lt;/strong&gt;. That year also&#xA;  featured the lowest seed total – the sum of the remaining seeds in the&#xA;  tournament – at 49.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T14:33:00.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20875" CreationDate="2019-03-25T16:05:04.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a foul ball since it went foul before it passed first base. It does not matter that it did not touch the ground in foul territory. It is determined to be foul based on where the ball is when it is touched by the fielder.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Note: it does not matter where the fielder is standing when they touch it, only where the ball is in relation to the foul line. This is the umpire's judgment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16996" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T16:18:53.423" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:18:53.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20856" CreationDate="2019-03-25T16:17:09.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner would be awarded home plate on the overthrow, however, the runner would be out on appeal (if the fielding team appeals) for missing second base. The runner could return and touch second base on the dead ball before touching 3rd and home, in order. But once the runner touches 3rd base, if they missed 2nd then they would be out on appeal. If the fielding team does not appeal, then the runner would score a run. Here are the relevant MLB rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(c)(1) Comment (Rule 7.10(a) Comment): “Retouch,” in this rule, means to tag up and start from a contact with the base after the ball is caught. A base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2)  With the ball in play, while advancing or returning to a base, he fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is tagged;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: (A) No runner may return to touch a missed base after a following runner has scored. (B) When the ball is dead, no runner may return to touch a missed base or one he has left after he has advanced to and touched a base beyond the missed base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(c)(2) Comment (Rule 7.10(b) Comment):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PLAY—(A) Batter hits ball out of park or ground rule double and misses first base (ball is dead)—he may return to first base to correct his mistake before he touches second but if he touches second he may not return to first and if defensive team appeals he is declared out at first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PLAY—(B) Batter hits ball to shortstop who throws wild into stand (ball is dead)—batter-runner misses first base but is awarded second base on the overthrow. Even though the umpire has awarded the runner second base on the overthrow, the runner must touch first base before he proceeds to second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are appeal plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16996" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:17:09.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21178" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-25T17:41:43.980" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid is evidently in pursuit of such high profile players as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.beinsports.com/us/laliga/news/real-madrid-plot-record-breaking-mbappe-bid/1148605&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kylian Mbappe&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/03/25/5c9813eb468aebb7108b456a.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sadio Mane&lt;/a&gt;. Both those players are young and good...and valuable. Any world-class club would like to build around them. So why would PSG and Liverpool let them go?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deloitte's 2019 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football Money League&lt;/a&gt; shows that Real has annual revenues of €750M; while PSG is at €540M and Liverpool is at €510M. Real is richer, but not by much. Let us say that Mbappe transfers for €300 and Sane for €100. If we amortized the transfer fees over 2 years; then Real's annual income is down to €550M, a year; no real advantage over PSG or Liverpool. So, even if Real doesn't pay to transfer in another big name for 2 more years, the high cost of the transfer fee means they shouldn't be able to offer a more lucrative contract to the players in question than other world-class teams with high revenues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I don't understand how any of the top tier teams are able to afford to transfer player from the other top tier teams. In some cases, like Ronaldo going to Juventus, it seems that it was the player's idea to make the move. But absent player unhappiness, if Sane is happy in Liverpool, then why can't Liverpool pay enough to keep him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does Real Madrid, in particular, have the financial muscle to buy whoever they want, even from other teams with top-10 revenues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16998" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T08:09:41.833" Title="How can Real Madrid poach players from its near-peers?" Tags="|football|finances|uefa|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21178" CreationDate="2019-03-26T05:53:37.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have mentioned that Real Madrid has an annual revenue of €750M, but that is not the profit. Its their earnings. The club does have a lot of expenses right from salaries to the players and organizing scouts and their academy and so on. The net profit of Real Madrid in the last three seasons is around 100m - 200m as they weren't  spending any money in transfers and selling players like Ronaldo, Morata for good amount. The situation for other clubs is different.Apart from Barcelona and Bayern, other clubs were already spending whatever the money they have on players slaries and transfers.Manchester City and PSG are under the scrutiny of CAS and UEFA for manipulating their revenues and going against FFP regulations. AC Milan, Roma, Inter had to sell players to follow FFP and PSG and Manchester City soon might have to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And coming to Liverpool and Mane situation, if Liverpool rises the salary of Mane, it would result in a chain reaction from other players requesting the salary hikes.&#xA;And Real Madrid are no exception to this. They had the opportunity to sign Pogba and Mbappe. But their salary demands were huge and with a dressing room full of stalwarts, Real simply declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real Madrid net transfer expenses in last three seasons was in profits. So they have the cushion of spending huge money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T05:53:37.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21178" CreationDate="2019-03-26T08:09:41.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically you're making the mistake a lot of people make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revenue is not their account balance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The numbers show what they've made throughout the year, but having a positive revenue for years adds up for much more than that. See Bayern Munich for example. They have a lot more money than shown on that chart, since they don't invest it in top tier super stars (or at least they only rarely pay those enormous transfer fees).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Players don't just come, they also go&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If someone like Mbappe joins Real there will we consequences on their end too. Some media speculate about Bale leaving Real for example. Or C. Ronaldos transfer last year. Actions like these will free up some money as well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Merchandising and Sponsoring&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Whenever a top star joins them the merchandising sales skyrocket. They will not pay for the player in full, but they cover a pretty good share of the expenses. Also the sponsors love big news like that and eventually pay more, because they also get a piece of the cake when they're able to advertise with the new guy(s).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T08:09:41.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20922" CreationDate="2019-03-26T12:33:05.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I initially didn't post an answer because Per 36 isn't widely accepted as a useful stat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, &quot;Per 36 Minutes&quot; normalizes production. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/a/anderch01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris &quot;Birdman&quot; Andersen&lt;/a&gt; typically had respectable Per 36 numbers (averages a double-double), but never averaged 36 minutes per game (ostensibly due to lack of stamina or being best used sparingly). Beware that this stat also shows things like &quot;12 fouls Per 36&quot; because the player administered two fouls in six minutes of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Per 36 can be used to convey consistency. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/d/duncati01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tim Duncan&lt;/a&gt; is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.poundingtherock.com/2013/11/18/5060540/tim-duncan-is-the-most-consistent-player-of-all-time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;poster child&lt;/a&gt; for consistency, especially based on Per 36. Here is a graph from 2013 to demonstrate season percent differential from career Per 36 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/65795924@N06/10706351975/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;credit to C-Itz of Flickr&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CdXNM.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CdXNM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Season Percent Differential from Career Per 36&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, Tim Duncan is far and away the most consistent player when considering his first ~15 seasons. Compared to Andersen's 17.7 MPG, I am much more comfortable with Duncan's 34 MPG as a more accurate measure of Per 36 consistency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T12:33:05.223" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18398" CreationDate="2019-03-26T13:32:35.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stick#Snooker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Snooker cue weights vary between 16 and 18 oz. While a lighter cue is&#xA;  usually for beginners to develop correct technique when starting out,&#xA;  some professional snooker players use lighter cues (15 - 16 1/2 oz.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on this information, weight of the cue stick is very preferential, but it would be safe to consider the average weight of a professional's cue stick to be between 15-18 ounces. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T13:32:35.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17743" CreationDate="2019-03-26T17:36:14.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One other situation where you should certainly attempt the run back is during an extra point attempt. &#xA;Whatever happens, the next play is a kick off so you are not risking bad field position so, in essence there is nothing to lose and everything (well 2 points and some brownie points) to gain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17006" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T17:36:14.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21193" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21194" CreationDate="2019-03-27T19:47:49.340" Score="0" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13954/what-team-has-shortest-longest-losing-streak-within-a-season-in-mlb-history&quot;&gt;What team has shortest longest losing streak within a season in MLB history?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What team has shortest &quot;longest losing streak&quot; within a season in NBA history? Off the top of my head, the 2015-2016 Golden State Warriors and the 1995-1996 Chicago Bulls are the most likely to have achieved short losing streaks given they lost 9 and 10 games throughout their respective seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T12:18:53.620" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T12:18:53.620" Title="What team has shortest &quot;longest losing streak&quot; within a season in NBA history?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|history|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21193" CreationDate="2019-03-27T19:47:49.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2015-2016 Golden State Warriors lasted an entire season without losing back-to-back games on their way of posting an all-time regular season best record of 73-9. Therefore, the shortest longest losing streak among NBA teams in one season is 1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That very same season, the San Antonio Spurs lasted 78 games before losing back-to-back(-to-back) games. Next on the list was the 1984-1985 Celtics who lasted 74 games before losing back-to-back games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/26138437/lowly-suns-beat-nba-best-bucks-again&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/CHI/1996.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995-1996 Bulls&lt;/a&gt; lasted 45 games before losing back-to-back games. Also, the Warriors went &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/with-no-durant-warriors-146-game-streak-without-consecutive-losses-ends-takeaways/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;146 games&lt;/a&gt; without losing back-to-back games between 2015-2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-03-27T19:47:49.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21163" CreationDate="2019-03-28T08:03:47.347" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general leg spinner tend to be have less control over the ball, so they ball more loose deliveries start of the innings and tend to leak runs. Off spinner have more controller on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T08:03:47.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21089" CreationDate="2019-03-28T08:08:05.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2017 update to the Laws[5] saw no changes to the maximum length of the bat, which is still 38 inches/96.52 cm, but a new specification stated that the edge of the bat cannot be more than 1.56 inches / 4cm while the depth cannot be more than 2.64 inches / 6.7cm.&#xA;The umpires are now given a bat gauge so they can check the legality of the bat at any time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T08:08:05.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21213" CreationDate="2019-03-28T20:19:11.470" Score="-1" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, there are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motorsport_championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;many&lt;/a&gt; motorsport competitions out there. I understand I can run, say, a cricket league in Russia. As long as I have enough people to compete and a lawn, I don't need much funding, be it from sponsors or spectators. What I don't understand is: &lt;strong&gt;How can there be so many motorsport championships, given that it's pretty expensive compared to other sports?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not talking about flagship series like Formula 1, NASCAR or Rallye World Championship. I'm talking about all those weird small series at least I have never heard about. In my view, racing is expensive. You need cars, you have to rent a race track, you need mechanics, etc. How can these championships pay off if you have no or hardly media coverage and maybe a few people watching at the track? Two possible answers emerge to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are plenty of motorsports fans I am just not aware of&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most of these series indeed do not pay off, but are used as a marketing vehicle (pun intended :) ) for car manufacturers. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does somebody have some deeper information on this, preferably with some facts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-03-29T05:00:35.460" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T09:21:23.400" Title="Why are there so many motorsport/race series?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14343" CreationDate="2019-03-28T20:41:46.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would expand on this a bit. &quot;easy choice&quot; does mean - swim whatever you want and slowly. However, the most important part of the &quot;easy choice&quot; is that it serves as recovery time and should get your rested again for the next hard set. So in other words, you should swim as slow as possible to get your heart rate back to a resting state. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15138" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T20:41:46.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17794" CreationDate="2019-03-28T23:11:20.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2018-21 Cycle: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) If UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League title holders are both from England and they both finish outside of the top four in Premier League, then the 4th placed Premier League team will not qualify for a place in the UEFA Champions League, but instead qualify for a place in the UEFA Europa League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ref to 3.07 a.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The 4th placed Premier League team is always guaranteed a place in either the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Europa League.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ref to 3.07 a, b, c.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sources:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3097329/champions-league-english-teams-fourth-place-premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3097329/champions-league-english-teams-fourth-place-premier-league/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T12:39:51.760" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:39:51.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-29T09:07:54.910" Score="-1" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw many cricketers which play for another country instead of his own country.But  is it necessary to get nationality of this country for playing international cricket  for this country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16785" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T09:53:37.833" Title="Can any cricket player play for any other team without nationality of this country?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-11-04T12:59:04.307" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21202" CreationDate="2019-03-30T13:30:31.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricketers who play for other countries are most likely born and raised in that country. For example, Hashim Amla is an Indian by origin, but was raised in South Africa and gained nationality of South Africa. Thus, he is in the national team. If any player does not have a nationality of the country they wish to play for, then they most probably aren't able to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17024" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T13:30:31.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9001" CreationDate="2019-03-30T17:13:02.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually 8 hours is required for Completing a One ODI Match Of Cricket including innings break ..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The length doesn't matter at all . It takes to complete a 50 overs spell from both teamswhere each over includes six balls and If length takes longer than it required the team captain takes more times to complete spell of 50 over will charged as fine to his match fees&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17027" LastActivityDate="2019-03-30T17:13:02.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21199" CreationDate="2019-04-01T09:21:23.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Start from the premise that there are two reasons for motorsport: for profit, and for sheer enjoyment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the incredibly low cost end, there are various motorsport series round the world. They are really not expensive, but there is not much prize money either - people do it for fun, for bragging rights, and loads of other social reasons, but you are right that individuals get sponsored by vehicle and spares manufacturers. This sponsorship comes because those series are very popular, and also there is a step in to higher level competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the top end you have things like Nascar and Formula 1 - incredibly high cost, but massive winnings to be made if you are successful. So as an aspiration, drivers can see the attraction of working through lower series and formula in order to gain success, fame and fortune. So there is no shortage of drivers. Quite the opposite. And by the time things get expensive, they have already invested a lot of time and money so it is just a logical progression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And fans love motorsport. Partly it's the risk - crashes happen - but also the noise, the speed, the watching something so close to the edge that many cannot even get close to. It's an adrenaline sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the simple answer is: there is money in it, and there are people who want to race. Far too many for just a small number of series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, I'll race anything with engines, a sail or wings. Yes, it's expensive, but I love it, so that's why I do it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T09:21:23.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21217" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2019-04-02T20:11:17.207" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Match reports are used in various sports  to summarise all key information and events during a game. They may be known by other names, such as a &lt;em&gt;box score&lt;/em&gt; in North America. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag should be used for questions where&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a user is trying to read a match report, but is unsure of the meaning in some part of it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a user is trying to create or write a match report and needs help with structure or requirements&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a user is trying to find a match report (either specifically for a game or generally for a competition) and requires assistance in doing so&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tag should not be used where a match report is incidental, such as merely using the match report to obtain the information required for the question. In this case the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/statistics&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;statistics&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;statistics&lt;/a&gt; may be more appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T20:41:59.627" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T20:41:59.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21218" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2019-04-02T20:11:17.207" Score="0" Body="For questions about match reports, the documents or displays that provide a summary of key information about a match in various sports. Questions must also be tagged with the appropriate sport." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T20:11:17.207" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T20:11:17.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21034" CreationDate="2019-04-02T20:54:33.420" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a doubles tie-break the first point is served by the player whose turn it is to serve. The following two points shall be served by the player (of the opposing team) due to serve next. After than (starting with the first team), each team's player whose turn it is to serve next, serves alternately for two consecutive points until the end of the tie-break.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;TIE-BREAK GAME  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During a tie-break game, points are scored “Zero”, “1”, “2”, “3”, etc. The first player/team to win seven points wins the “Game” and “Set”, provided there is a margin of two points over the opponent(s). If necessary, the tie-break game shall continue until this margin is achieved.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player whose turn it is to serve shall serve the first point of the tie-break game. The following two points shall be served by the opponent(s) (in doubles, the player of the opposing team due to serve next). After this, each player/team shall serve alternately for two consecutive points until the end of the tie-break game (in doubles, the rotation of service within each team shall continue in the same order as during that set).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The player/team whose turn it was to serve first in the tie-break game shall be&#xA;  the receiver in the first game of the following set.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the differences is that in doubles a match tie-break is normally used to replace the final set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MATCH TIE-BREAK (SUPER TIE-BREAK)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the score in a match is one set all, or two sets all in best of five sets&#xA;  matches, one tie-break game shall be played to decide the match. This tie-break&#xA;  game replaces the deciding final set.&#xA;  The player/team who first wins ten (or seven) points shall win this match tie-break and&#xA;  the match provided there is a margin of two points over the opponent(s).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note: When using the match tie-break to replace the final set:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • the original order of service continues. (Rules 5 and 14)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • in doubles, the order of serving and receiving within the team may be altered,&#xA;  as in the beginning of each set. (Rules 14 and 15)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • before the start of the match tie-break there shall be a 120 seconds set break.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • balls should not be changed before the start of the match tie-break even if a&#xA;  ball change is due.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/298557/298557.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.itftennis.com/media/298557/298557.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T21:42:41.073" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T21:42:41.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-02T23:09:59.003" Score="1" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;How safe or dangerous is boys lacrosse, compared to other boys high school sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be a 10th grader playing JV as a defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My son, trying to convince me that he would not get a concussion. told me that as a defensive player, he would get to hit other people, but he would not get hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9750" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T03:26:25.243" Title="Relative safety level of boys lacrosse" Tags="|lacrosse|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21220" CreationDate="2019-04-03T03:26:25.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lacrosse ranks below soccer in concussion rates.   The helmet is basically there so you don't get whacked with a stick - which I do not think could cause concussions at full full force (these stick are very light and literally will bend if it is that hard).   Basically if there are concussions in lacrosse it is either from clumsiness/uncoordinated kid, someone getting &quot;checked&quot; and head hits ground hard (very rare - one of my sons played for years), or from a colliding &quot;accident&quot;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a parent standpoint I would worry about my kids psyche more than worry about concussions.   It is a hard sport because it requires speed, a lot of running and there is contact.   Kids without the right athletic ability or demeanor will get exposed quickly.   From an injury view, there are more bruises and boo-boos in lacrosse but injury... basketball way more dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T03:26:25.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20110" CreationDate="2019-04-03T17:59:37.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are in 8th grade.   In all junior, middle school, or high school programs the rules are either based on NCAA rules or NFSHSA.   There is a 95%+ chance that your league is governed by NFSHSA.   So please throw out all NFL rules out the window that you see on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is what you can do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can make contact with a receiver past 5 yards.  In fact you can make contact all the way downfield until the ball is in the process of being thrown.     There is no 5 yards or 10 yards or a point at which you have to initiate contact.   For instance lets say you line up at 7 yards and give the WR a large cushion.   You are playing the out route.   The WR comes off the ball a good 10 yards straight upfield, you backpedal a little with him.   You see he is cutting towards a post route and want to vacate route to cover outside zone.   You are free to push his butt down when he makes the cut.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given #1 you are not allowed to pull the WR which is a hold.   All of the contact that you make as a DB has basically the same rules as a blocker on offense.   No hands to neck or face and no holding.   Any grab or clench will result in a hold.   The ball does not have to be in the air to get this call, and is not technically pass interference.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you do commit pass interference and ball is not throw in general direction, no call.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you hold WR and ball is not thrown in direction, still a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you hammer a guy while ball is in the air and he is behind the line of scrimmage.   Good for you!  (big difference between high school rules and NFL.  Still can't hold him though)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side if you go up to press the refs do give WRs a little more leeway to throw your butt to the ground in the first 1-2 yards.   After that WRs can get touched but not touch defenders.  If they do it is illegal block downfield or offensive pass interference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me know if there is anything else to clarify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if you want to be a great coverage OLB you have to be a bully to WR leaving your zone and really understand formation strategies.   If you are on a single WR side you should be handing off sooner and taking risks on short zone.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T17:59:37.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14163" CreationDate="2019-04-04T03:22:41.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement to make either the black ball or the cue ball travel any particular distance along, or over or into any particular part of, the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If playing a called-shot variant, the black ball must be sunk by a legal shot in the nominated pocket. If playing a no-call-needed variant, the only requirement is sinking the black ball with a legal shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T03:22:41.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21229" CreationDate="2019-04-04T15:27:58.037" Score="0" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing a little league game we had a runner on first and the batter hit a ground ball. Runner on first went to second and stopped, batter made it to first and then turned trying to go to second, but realizing that there was someone there came back to first. The defense got the ball to the first baseman after the batter initially got to first, but before he got back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the batter turned and attempted for second he was no longer protected by the over-run rule, so since second was occupied did it turn the play at first into a force out or did he have to be tagged?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume it should be a force since there is no where else for the batter to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17054" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T17:28:09.760" Title="Force out rules" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21228" CreationDate="2019-04-04T16:00:56.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was not a force-out at first base because that only happens when a runner is required to go to that base (but it would have been possible to advance to second while the other advances to third, although it probably wouldn't be a good idea). If the runner could manage to reach first base without being tagged (which is possible although unlikely), he would be ruled safe at first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T16:00:56.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21228" CreationDate="2019-04-04T17:28:09.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/official_rules.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, this is a tag play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.09(a) details how the batter may be out before becoming a runner.  None of these apply in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.09(b)(6) details force plays.  It explicitly says the force is removed once the base is touched the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...The force is removed as soon as the runner touches the base to which&#xA;  he is forced to advance, and if he overslides or overruns&#xA;  the base, the runner must be tagged to be put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leaves 5.09(b)(4), which requires the runner be tagged while off the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T17:28:09.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16278" CreationDate="2019-04-04T22:16:06.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means your &lt;em&gt;team&lt;/em&gt; took the lead during &lt;em&gt;their&lt;/em&gt; last turn at bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say a home team took the lead in the 1st at bat of the bottom of the 8th inning, then committed 3 outs, and the visiting team failed to score in the top of the 9th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be a last at bat win for the home team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17057" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T22:16:06.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20974" CreationDate="2019-04-05T23:26:50.407" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - Being passed by an opponent is not an offside offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 11 Offside.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball (except from a deliberate save by any opponent) is not considered to have gained an advantage. &lt;em&gt;(hence not being offside)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Page 100)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/files/document-category/062019/frRhKJNjSBAtiyt.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB (FIFA) - Laws of the Game 2019/20&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-14T23:24:37.760" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T23:24:37.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-07T12:37:51.130" Score="3" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the remaining energy from a battery can be approximated using several different methods e.g. measuring the battery voltage. However, I am yet to find a method that is completely accurate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While some inaccuracy shouldn't generally be an issue when checking your phone's battery percentage, surely a sport like Formula E would need to use the most accurate method to ensure fairness?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 2014 Beijing ePrix, 3 drivers were given 57 second penalties for exceeding the maximum energy usage limit of 28kWh. Given a transgression like this can result in such a significant penalty, you would expect that the method for measuring this usage must be highly accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, I wondered what method they use in Formula E to measure the remaining battery energy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastEditorUserId="15223" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T21:03:59.593" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T07:22:17.663" Title="How does Formula E measure remaining battery energy?" Tags="|auto-racing|formula-e|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1477" CreationDate="2019-04-07T18:21:31.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The red car would be entitled to be left room, by the blue car, in this situation. Therefore, the blue car has one of two options;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take a wider line to give the red car space, or;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Turn in later, once the red car has already gone past, taking a tighter line. This allows the red car to run out wide while they get on the power earlier. This is often referred to as a &quot;switch-back&quot; manoeuvre.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the red car is ahead at the corner exit, they are also entitled to &quot;take the racing line&quot;, which means they can run out to the edge of the track, so if the blue car chose option 1 above, they would then have to back off to avoid a collision. However, this is only if it is deemed that they are not intentionally &quot;forcing another driver off the track&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-07T19:11:38.407" LastActivityDate="2019-04-07T19:11:38.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14660" CreationDate="2019-04-07T18:44:56.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the other answers, I would like to add that a full safety car does have a few benefits when compared with a VSC, and this is one of the main factors in determining when this should be deployed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The benefits of a full safety car include;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The field all form into a &quot;crocodile&quot;, so this leaves a large time window each lap where there will be no cars passing a specific point on track, which gives the marshals more time to work safely without any cars going by.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The safety car can have more control of the field than a VSC. For example, the safety car driver can speed up or slow down the field depending on the situation which once again adds to the safety of the marshals. Likewise, the safety car can lead the field through the pitlane or lead them across a run-off area to avoid debris and/or allow the marshals to work in a safer environment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The safety car generally allows the drivers to go faster than under a VSC, so they can keep their tyres and brakes warmer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, a full safety car has drawbacks too, including that it generally takes longer than a VSC period, and some view it as unfair, as it brings the pack together even if someone had built up a big gap. Having said that, the VSC does also have some fairness issues in the sense that it allows drivers to get a &quot;free pit-stop&quot;, which could be advantageous/disadvantageous to some drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastActivityDate="2019-04-07T18:44:56.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T01:32:09.380" Score="3" ViewCount="657" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching snooker for a few months now and I have never seen a player hit the wrong type of ball. Personally, I often get confused and forget which type the player is on (color or red) and then am surprised when the player lines up on the opposite type of ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any top player ever hit the wrong type of ball deliberately in an important match? By &quot;hit the wrong type&quot;, I mean that the player deliberately pocketed a red instead of a color, or vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T06:15:08.597" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T19:02:10.260" Title="Has anyone hit the wrong color ball in an important snooker match?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T06:26:46.493" Score="0" ViewCount="1526" Body="&lt;p&gt;what determines if a successful stolen base is against the catcher or pitcher?  for instance, a ball thrown in the dirt after the runner breaks for the next base.  This surely can not be held against the catcher?  Or, the pitcher has a high leg kick giving the advantage to the runner and the catcher has no chance to throw out the runner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17068" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T17:00:43.293" Title="what determines a stolen base against the catcher?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21247" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T09:01:08.050" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: I was torn between asking this question in SE.Travel or here but I feel it will be better answered by &quot;locals&quot;, rather than &quot;travellers&quot;. Please let me know if this is an incorrect assumption.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will be on vacation in the US (California and Nevada) late April / early May. One of the things I wanted to show my children is the specific atmosphere in US stadiums. I chose basketball as this is a sport we can refer to in France.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not particularly interested in a match with star teams (which will be not only difficult to get in, but also sitting in the top row of a 40,000 places stadium is not that exciting) - rather in something typical such as a college match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question: is there a typical place such games are announced, per city?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In France for instance that would be the web site of the city council (&lt;em&gt;mairie&lt;/em&gt;). I was also considering Ticketmaster, but it seems to carry only the top games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4998" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:06:33.227" Title="Where are sports events announced in the US?" Tags="|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21247" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:06:33.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off most US pro basketball arenas are only seat around 18K or so. At this time, April/May, the NBA regular season is over and the only games will be playoff games which will be expensive. After tonight (April 8, 2019) the NCAA basketball season will be finished as well. As Phillip Kendall mentions in a comment, the WNBA season hasn't started yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you aren't interested in baseball, there is another summer sport in the US your kids are likely familiar with, soccer (football)! The MLS season has just started here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as your question about where schedules are announced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The schedules are under the control of individual sporting leagues as they are private enterprises. The league will announce the schedule and individual teams will also announce them. So for the NBA, you can visit NBA.com to see their schedule. Any major newspaper or sports website (like ESPN.com) will have the assorted league schedules as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for tickets, generally, Ticketmaster is the primary ticket sellers for most top leagues, except for baseball which uses Tickets.com. There are also secondary resellers, Stubhub being the most popular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:06:33.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21246" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:14:26.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a runner attempts to steal a base, he will generally get credit for a stolen base unless the catcher doesn't attempt to throw him out (this is called defensive indifference). If a passed ball or wild pitch happens, generally they are credited with the stolen base if they made the steal attempt before the passed ball or wild pitch occurs. This is at the discretion of the official scorer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/stolen-base&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/stolen-base&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:14:26.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21250" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:21:22.097" Score="1" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I walk to my local climbing gym and the setters mark their routes with some difficulty mark. I will use the European scale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After some time I noticed, that there are routes of a lower difficulty, like 5c+, that are harder for me than 6b. But for other people with a similar level of technique it's vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to repeat the same moves and just can't, because in a lot of cases it's like: they grab the hold on the shoulder level, I grab it on the level of my chest; they grab the slopper with a full palm, while I barely fit the half; or they grab the cringes with three fingers, while I can fit only two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it just lack of my technique, or does the difficulty of the route hardly depend on my height and other &quot;sizes&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just want to clarify, if this ok not to pass some 6a (while doing 6b), because it's for smaller climbers, or I just need to train harder and pass every possible 6a route :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3277" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T20:31:06.020" Title="Does the actual difficulty of the route in bouldering depend on my physical characteristics?" Tags="|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-04-11T06:05:24.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21246" CreationDate="2019-04-08T17:00:43.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stolen bases are only officially credited to the stealing runner, not against either a pitcher or catcher.  This is covered in 9.07.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any record that is kept about the performance of the pitcher such as time to deliver would unoffical, and there's no guidance I'm aware of about apportioning the steal to either one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T17:00:43.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21258" CreationDate="2019-04-09T04:09:34.933" Score="1" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2019 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game, with 22.5 seconds left in the second half, Texas Tech had Norense Odiase, a 62% free throw shooter, at the line for what CBS announcer Jim Nantz said was a 1-and-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For both the first and second free throws, Texas Tech had nobody on either side of the free throw lane.  Here is a photo showing the second free throw attempt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jcer1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jcer1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the strategy in the offensive team not putting any players on the free throw lane?  Given that 62% is a bad free throw percentage, why not put players on the lane to try to get a potential offensive rebound?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T16:26:39.060" Title="Why would an offense not put anyone on the free throw lane?" Tags="|basketball|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21257" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-09T14:17:08.570" Score="2" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a runner on third with one out and batter hits a ground ball to first baseman who opts to throw home before stepping on bag or tagging batter. The runner is safe at home and the batter is safe at first. Is the batter awarded a base hit and a RBI?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17076" LastActivityDate="2022-08-09T22:05:42.207" Title="is this situation ruled a base hit in softball?" Tags="|scoring|softball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21254" CreationDate="2019-04-09T16:26:39.060" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason why no one for Texas Tech was in the free throw lane was probably because they had a lead with 22.5 seconds left. Instead of potentially getting the rebound (3v4), they decided to implement a more defensive strategy. In this picture, all 5 Virginia players are on the right side of the court, so Texas Tech had 3 players back on their own basket to prevent a quick score by Virginia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You generally see this strategy when teams have a small lead with very little time left on the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17077" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T16:26:39.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21250" CreationDate="2019-04-09T19:15:08.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every route can be climbed with a set of styles. Hard outdoor routes and indoor routes in general often force the climber in a particular style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Style can be formed by a particular set of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Technique (e.g.: dropknees, Anti-Barndoor)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grip types (e.g.: crimpy, sloper) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Movement style (e.g.: powerful, endurance, delicate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you perform worse in one style compared to another the reason can be a technical or physical weakness, but also things like height, finger size and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, some routes are harder for some climbers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your second question whether it's OK to ditch routes: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can learn a lot when climbing routes which are not your style in the 'soft' terms (Technique, movement style, Grip types). By that your 'strong' styles can even change. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you are to tall, short, short-fingered, ... for a route it gets much harder. However you often can buffer that by a different technique (also something which requires exercise). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the end we all are climbing for fun, so if you really dislike a particular style, don't climb it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17080" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T20:31:06.020" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T20:31:06.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12797" CreationDate="2019-04-09T21:46:11.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to these brilliant answers, I would like to add a few other benefits/uses of kerbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One benefit is that it gives the drivers an easy opportunity to get a feel for the width of their vehicle. For example, the first time a racing driver gets behind the wheel of their car, they will often have to sit very low in the cockpit and may not be able to easily judge where the edges of their car is. Just touching the kerb slightly will cause a vibration in the vehicle, and the driver will be able to instantly know within inches how far they are from the edge of the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, drivers will still be able to judge their vehicle width even without kerbs, but this just makes it a lot easier and quicker to learn. An example of where some drivers weren't comfortable without kerbs was the Race of Champions in 2019. In this event, the drivers were required to swap vehicles (of vastly different widths and driving positions) regularly and drive on a very narrow track. Some drivers said this was made a lot more difficult by the lack of kerbs on the track, which made it harder to judge how close they were to the barrier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another key benefit of kerbs are that they give the drivers some margin for error. Let's take the apex kerb as an example. Accurately hitting the apex (within inches) lap after lap is a very tough challenge and there are various reasons why a driver may end up going tighter than the apex (e.g. over-steer, being squeezed by another driver on the outside etc.). The kerbs allow you to go a few feet tighter when necessary, with the only impacts usually being a slightly more uncomfortable ride and/or a slight loss of lap time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One final benefit is fairly simple - the kerbs can be used as a reference for the drivers. On many modern circuits, there is an awful lot of run-off area, and therefore without kerbs, the only reference for corners would be the white lines. Spotting the apex would then become a big challenge, as the track and run-off would merge into one and the white lines would only become noticeable when very close to the corner. Whereas, a kerb is usually painted in distinct colours and most importantly is sat above the surface of the circuit. Therefore, it can usually be seen by the drivers even when a few hundred metres away meaning they can judge their turn in points much more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T21:46:11.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21257" CreationDate="2019-04-09T21:48:32.290" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It certainly would be in baseball, it would be an infield single, and the hitter would be credited with an RBI and a base hit. Typically softball leagues try to stick to MLB rules when they have no official definition for the issue at hand, so unless if for some reason the people in charge of the softball games had some particular reason to do things differently then it would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T21:48:32.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21257" CreationDate="2019-04-09T22:03:29.583" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, it would be credited as a hit and an RBI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only question is that you didn't say why the runner was safe.  If the runner beat the throw, then it's a hit.  If the first baseman threw wildly or the catcher dropped the throw, then you could credit an error instead of hit/RBI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The decision to throw home though would never be counted as an error, even if it had no chance of succeeding. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T22:03:29.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21242" CreationDate="2019-04-10T07:22:17.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see nothing that suggests that the battery itself is measured.  Instead, I would presume that the energy flow is measured directly (rather like the power meter into a house).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the 2017-2018 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/file/62303/download/20152&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula E regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;7.6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The amount of energy that can be delivered to the MGUs by the RESS is&#xA;  limited to 28 kWh. Braking regeneration will be added to this value&#xA;  based on a factor of 0.75 to take account of losses (1kW regen = 0.75&#xA;  kW released). Measurements will be taken on each DC branch of each&#xA;  power bus. Energy and power going out of the DCDC converter and into&#xA;  the 12V circuit will be subtracted from the RESS energy and power&#xA;  limitation up to a power of 1.2 kW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This will be permanently monitored by the FIA. Sensors specified by&#xA;  manufacturers and approved by the FIA, 1 specific set for the FIA. The&#xA;  FIA datalogger will monitor :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sensors directly connected to the FIA logger (sensors defined by the&#xA;  manufacturer, approved by the FIA, and homologated)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;DC voltage on each power bus&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;DC current on each branch of each power bus&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;DC current on output of DCDC converter (HV to 12V)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Accelerator pedal position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Front and rear wheel speed (left and right)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leads me to believe that the total power consumption is determined by examining the logged values of the current used, not by examining the battery directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T07:22:17.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-10T19:40:27.860" Score="0" ViewCount="919" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler's front foot lands on the line and some part of the foot is outside the line and some part of the foot is on the line but no part of the foot is behind the line, is it a fair delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17085" LastEditorUserId="17085" LastEditDate="2019-04-10T19:57:40.693" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T05:16:28.343" Title="If a bowler's front foot is on the line and no part of the foot is behind the line, is it a fair delivery?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21268" CreationDate="2019-04-10T20:13:59.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way you describe it, its a no ball.  To be a legitimate delivery some part of the foot whether raised or grounded must be behind the popping crease &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/no-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;No Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T20:13:59.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15548" CreationDate="2019-04-10T20:48:20.567" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think you will ever find a definitive answer for this, as it varies so much from venue to venue and series to series, not to mention external factors (weather etc.) play just as big a role. However, qualifying is certainly important, and I will explain why below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, let's look at the factors influencing the importance of starting position;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The race distance&lt;/strong&gt; - At F1 tracks, the grid positions are separated by 8 metres. Therefore, starting 20th compared with 1st is a distance disadvantage of 152 metres. If the race is just one lap, this disadvantage is of course going to be tougher to overcome than in a 24 hour race - the initial disadvantage will make up a greater percentage of the overall race distance on a shorter race. Of course, the grid separation and start procedure (rolling start vs. standing start) also have an effect on determining the initial distance disadvantage. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The number of cars&lt;/strong&gt; - The more cars, the greater the initial distance disadvantage. Likewise, more cars means more cars to overtake, and generally you will lost time battling for positions, so the more cars you have to battle with the greater the disadvantage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ease of overtaking&lt;/strong&gt; - In F1 at Monaco for example, it is very difficult to overtake, so the advantage of starting on pole is generally far greater than Nascar for example.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How closely matched the competitors are&lt;/strong&gt; - If for example you qualify 20th and the lap time difference between 15th and 1st is 1.5 seconds, then you will lose 1.5 seconds for each lap you are stuck trying to get past 15th place. If however, the difference is just 0.05 seconds, then of course the time loss getting through the field is going to be far less.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are also several other external factors that can impact the importance of qualifying positions, and these are far more unpredictable;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The weather&lt;/strong&gt; - One critical thing regarding the weather is the wind - both its speed and direction. If for example there is a strong headwind on the main straight, then the effect of the slipstream will be greatly increased, putting the lead driver at a disadvantage and the following drivers at more of an advantage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Safety cars&lt;/strong&gt; - If a safety car is deployed, the field close up. Therefore, a driver may have qualified last and lost 30 seconds to the leader battling through to 2nd. However, if a safety car is deployed near the end of the race, this driver is now merely tenths of a second behind the overall leader. In this scenario, the disadvantages of starting lower down the order no longer have such a significant impact on the race result.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The rules of the competition&lt;/strong&gt; - In F1 for example, the rules several years ago were that the cars could not refuel from qualifying to the race. Therefore, a car may qualify on a heavier fuel load, thereby meaning they are slower and qualify lower down the order. However, this may be the optimum race strategy. Therefore, starting a few positions further back will be less important than gaining time later on in the race when the strategy pays off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in answer to your question, there are several factors which play a role in determining how important qualifying is. However, even if all of the factors mentioned above play out to the disadvantage of the leader, the optimum position to be in the race would still probably be no lower than 3rd or 4th, with the perfect time to take the lead being on the last lap (in some cases the final corner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of an example, let's take 3rd place as being the optimum position on the final lap. You then have to consider how the driver can make sure they are in this optimum position at the right time. This is made much easier by qualifying higher up - the leader simply has to slow down and let two drivers by at the right time to get into the optimum position. Whereas a driver qualifying lower down the order has to overtake drivers to get into this optimum position. Of course, you could argue the driver in the best position is the one who qualified 3rd, as they can try to maintain the optimum position for the entire race. However, in most circumstances, it would be extremely difficult to judge their qualifying lap such that they drive fast enough to qualify 3rd, but slow enough not to qualify on pole or 2nd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if you are in the optimum position at the right time, this is still just theoretically the best position and it would be reliant on the driver making the most of this opportunity - if they mess it up, they won't get another chance given it is the last lap and possibly last corner. Therefore, in most circumstances, drivers would probably still prefer to be out in front, unless the advantage of being behind is extremely significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to factor in as well is that qualifying further back puts you at greater risk of being caught up in accidents, particularly first lap incidents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, qualifying is always important in making the race easier. Depending on the circumstances, qualifying may be more or less important, and sometimes being the leader isn't the optimum place to be. However, the optimum place to be is almost always somewhere very near the front of the field, and the simplest way to ensure you are at or near this optimum position is to qualify as far up the order as possible. However, there are an awful lot of factors that are as important, if not more so, than qualifying, and that is what makes motor-sport unpredictable and exciting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T20:48:20.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14408" CreationDate="2019-04-10T21:39:45.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Official lap records have to be set during competition i.e. during the race. Laps set during qualifying sessions, practice sessions, private test days etc. don't count towards being the official lap record, but may often be referred to as the &quot;Overall lap record&quot;, &quot;Unofficial lap record&quot;, &quot;Course record&quot; and so on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the Nurburgring Nordschleife as an example. The official lap record was set during the 1983 1000 km of Nürburgring, but in 2018, a modified Porsche 919 beat this time by over 1 minute. However, because this was not during competition, this is not the official lap record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15223" LastEditorUserId="15223" LastEditDate="2019-04-11T00:59:48.780" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T00:59:48.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-11T06:08:32.800" Score="2" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball fields often have a display of the number of balls, strikes, and outs.  Does this group have a name?  As far as I can cell, &quot;Count&quot; refers to just balls and strikes and are for individual batters; there are no outs.  An &quot;umpire indicator&quot; often displays innings as well as those three.  Is there a specific name that refers to just BSO?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17088" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T06:08:32.800" Title="Is there a name for the combined stats of Balls, Strikes, and Outs, as seen on many displays in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|terminology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21268" CreationDate="2019-04-11T14:34:10.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's what the official &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/no-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; documentation by the MCC says on no-balls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the bowler’s front foot must land with some part of the foot, whether grounded or raised&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see how what you're saying is physically possible. Even if some part of his foot is behind the line, whether on the ground &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; in the air, it's a fair delivery. The alternative to that would be a player having his entire foot &lt;em&gt;directly&lt;/em&gt; above the line, which doesn't sound like a plausible situation to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17091" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-11T16:12:11.133" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T16:12:11.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21276" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-11T15:19:45.193" Score="2" ViewCount="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's known that athletes perform best at certain times of day - most studies suggest that late afternoon / early evening seems to be the best time for peak performance. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhs.uk/news/lifestyle-and-exercise/body-clock-may-have-effect-on-sporting-peak-performance/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; link for an article about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a body be trained to overcome its natural circadian rhythm and perform best at (say) 3 o'clock in the morning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say you have an endurance sporting event that has to take place in the early hours - maybe it requires public roads to be closed, or maybe it's dependent on the time of day for some other reason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd guess that training at 3am would help for an event that will be taking place at 3am, but is there any science to back up my guess? Has anyone published any studies on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17092" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-11T15:30:33.957" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T15:30:33.957" Title="Can the body be trained to perform best at unusual times of day?" Tags="|cycling|performance|triathlon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21280" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-12T02:44:11.733" Score="2" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that in NHL playoffs, referees tend to be a lot less likely to call a penalty. What is the reason and is this an official rule in the referee handbook or is it more of an unspoken rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13952" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T21:02:35.953" Title="Why do NHL referees relax their penalty calls in the playoffs?" Tags="|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21280" CreationDate="2019-04-12T12:22:50.663" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that actual penalty rates are not particularly different between the NHL regular season and NHL postseason. However, the heightened nature of the playoffs means every missed call is magnified. Also, common refereeing complaints of &quot;reffing to the score&quot; and &quot;not wanting to make a game changing call late&quot; are just as common in the regular season and the playoffs. There is obviously no rule in the rulebook that states different standards for the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-04-12T12:22:50.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21284" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-12T23:19:44.200" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which team won the pennant but never won more than X games in a row, with X being the lowest number?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the hypothetical team the Rainbow Sox won the pennant in 1717, but never won more than 3 games in a row during that pennant winning season, and no team had a lower number, then the answer would be the &quot;Rainbow Sox in 1717, longest streak of 3&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17100" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-12T23:45:37.053" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T17:03:30.657" Title="Which MLB team had the shortest &quot;longest winning streak&quot; in a pennant-winning season?" Tags="|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21285" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-14T02:33:39.343" Score="4" ViewCount="3231" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the benefits or drawbacks of using a snooker cue rather than a standard cue on a regular pool table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17103" LastActivityDate="2022-06-09T19:02:39.393" Title="Why not use a snooker cue on a standard pool table?" Tags="|equipment|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21294" CreationDate="2019-04-15T02:28:02.697" Score="0" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say there is a runner on first base. The batter hits it to the outfield and the baserunner advances to second base but over-runs the bag by making an aggressive turn. On the throw back, he gets tagged out trying to get back to second base. Is it ruled a force-out or, because it was the baserunner's fault, is it ruled single and the baserunner out at second base? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7775" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T18:26:35.137" Title="Is it still a force-out if baserunner made it?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21287" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21288" CreationDate="2019-04-15T02:32:44.883" Score="1" ViewCount="876" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had a player already in the penalty box. With 11 seconds left in that penalty, the opposing team scored a goal while we had a delayed penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was my assumption that the delayed penalty is waived off since the opposing team scored and we still remained 1 player down for the 11 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17104" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T03:27:11.613" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T21:06:46.893" Title="Delayed Penalty with a Player Already in Penalty Box" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21287" CreationDate="2019-04-15T03:36:48.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;This is not correct.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team is already short-handed, the earliest minor penalty that its players are currently serving will be waived.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a goal being scored, the penalty with 11 seconds will be cancelled, and the penalty that was delayed will be served in full.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception is that, if the existing penalty is a major or match penalty, it remains on the board, and the delayed penalty will be waived instead (because it would be the only, and therefore the earliest, minor penalty).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See IIHF Rulebook, Rule 114 &lt;em&gt;Delayed Penalty Call - Puck Control &amp;amp; Goals&lt;/em&gt;, parts viii and ix for the exact wording that gives rise to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T21:06:46.893" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T21:06:46.893" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21285" CreationDate="2019-04-15T13:37:32.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a few differences between a snooker cue and a pool one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight:&lt;/strong&gt; Because pool balls are heavier than their snooker cousins pool cues tend to be heavier to match. The weight distribution is also different - pool cues are heavier on the grip where snooker cues have more weight at the tip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tip size:&lt;/strong&gt; Snooker cues have a narrower tip (~9-10mm vs 12-13mm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do these differences mean? Snooker cues are optimized for &lt;em&gt;accuracy&lt;/em&gt; rather than power or cue-ball control as pool cues are. This is the case because of various factors - snooker balls are smaller, the pockets are rounded (i.e. you have to be more accurate to pot then in pool), the table is &lt;em&gt;significantly&lt;/em&gt; bigger which further increases the need for accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question if you were to use a snooker cue on a regular pool table you'd benefit from potting accuracy but lose out on the ability to hit harder and to position the cue ball were you wanted. Additionally while the tip is only slightly smaller the difference in ball sizing means that using a snooker cue to hit pool balls increases your chances of miscuing and imparting unwanted spin on the cue ball (and ultimately object ball as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T13:37:32.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21284" CreationDate="2019-04-15T16:46:58.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three teams in MLB history who have won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_League_pennant_winners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National League pennant&lt;/a&gt; but never won more than 5 games in a row during their winning season. &#xA;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/SFG/2010-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 San Francisco Giants&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/STL/2011-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 St. Louis Cardinals&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/LAD/2018-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Los Angeles Dodgers&lt;/a&gt; all won the pennant with their longest winning streak being 5 games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T16:46:58.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21293" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21305" CreationDate="2019-04-15T17:47:49.230" Score="2" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/21284&quot;&gt;Which MLB team had the shortest &amp;quot;longest winning streak&amp;quot; in a pennant-winning season?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which NBA team had the shortest &quot;longest winning streak&quot; during a championship-winning season? In other words, which team won the championship but never won more than X games in a row, with X being the lowest number, during that season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T12:18:22.457" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T12:18:22.457" Title="Which NBA team had the shortest &quot;longest winning streak&quot; in a championship-winning season?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|history|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21286" CreationDate="2019-04-15T18:26:35.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would not be ruled a force out but would be scored as a put out much like if the outfielder had thrown it to third to tag an advancing runner there. I'd assume the batter would be given a single since it was hit to the outfield. If the official scorer viewed there could have reasonably been an out made at first, it would be ruled a fielder's choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7472" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T18:26:35.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21295" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21308" CreationDate="2019-04-15T20:43:23.277" Score="1" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;This image is from the Sochi Winter Olympics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N3cX8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N3cX8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is &lt;em&gt;Women Body Checking&lt;/em&gt; different from a regular &lt;em&gt;Body Check&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, pretty sure not every penalty was preceded by Women's in the match (like &lt;em&gt;Women High Sticking&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Women Hooking&lt;/em&gt;) so why is Body Checking seemingly in a different category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-15T20:54:04.537" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T14:38:20.483" Title="What is the difference between a Body Check and Woman's Body Check?" Tags="|officiating|terminology|ice-hockey|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21306" CreationDate="2019-04-15T20:52:32.400" Score="2" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Columbus Blue Jackets defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2019-columbus-blue-jackets-vs-tampa-bay-lightning-eastern-first-round.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sweep&lt;/a&gt; in the 1st round of the 2018-2019 NHL playoffs. Outside of this occurrence, what was the worst result for a President's Trophy winner in the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There must have been some that got outed in the first round, but if so, what was the game score? 4-3? 4-1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:33:16.523" LastActivityDate="2023-05-22T09:29:45.080" Title="What was the worst result for a president's trophy winner in the playoffs?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21297" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21303" CreationDate="2019-04-15T20:58:38.923" Score="2" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;If 2 penalties are called on the same play. 2 minors, 2 minutes each, and so they are put on the board at the same moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a goal is scored on the following 3v5 powerplay, one of those penalties has to be waved. But is there any logic on which of the 2 players gets out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usual logic would be that the one with the least time remaining gets out, but since we've got 2 players with the same time remaining, how is it decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T08:29:44.183" Title="If 2 penalties are called on the same play, and a goal is scored in the following 3v5; who comes out of the box?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21280" CreationDate="2019-04-15T21:02:35.953" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is some kind of unwritten rule that refs do not want to change the issue of a match with a bad call in any direction. That rule hits even harder when in playoffs, and even harder when its a win or go home game, especially game 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no official directive that I know of, and there is probably some studies that have been made to confirm or deny what you are advancing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My opinion is that they still officiate the same, but those missed calls, that happen ever so often, are magnified because of the importance of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-04-15T21:02:35.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21300" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-16T02:32:48.460" Score="5" ViewCount="1807" Body="&lt;p&gt;How much does being on a power play improve an NHL team's chances of scoring a goal? I know the likelyhood of a team scoring on a power play is about 20%. But what is the likelihood of a team scoring when they are at even strength? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17109" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-25T06:18:00.897" LastActivityDate="2023-08-25T06:18:00.897" Title="How much does an NHL power play improve chances of scoring?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21300" CreationDate="2019-04-16T06:14:23.373" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2017-18 NHL season, there were a total of 1561 goals scored during a total of 21972 minutes being on a power play, giving an average expectation of &lt;strong&gt;14.1 minutes on power play to score one goal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual teams vary significantly from this average though, with the Toronto Maple Leafs needing only 10.1 minutes of the advantage to score each power play goal, while the Calgary Flames took 21.3 minutes for each of theirs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, for a total of 5677 goals scored in approximately 109 thousand minutes at even strength, giving an average expectation of &lt;strong&gt;19.3 minutes at even strength to score one goal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also varies for individual teams, from the Tampa Bay Lightning taking only 15.7 minutes per goal when at even strength, to the Buffalo Sabres taking 25.2 minutes per goal at even strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on this, the overall relative gain is an &lt;strong&gt;average reduction of 27.1% or 5.2 minutes in the time needed per goal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, individual teams fare differently. Three teams &lt;em&gt;actually do worse when on a power play&lt;/em&gt;, with the Edmonton Oilers slowing by 25.6% or taking 4.2 minutes longer. The Vancouver Canucks however nearly double their rate when they have the advantage (44.6% faster or 10.0 minutes less time per goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T01:19:30.487" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T01:19:30.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21297" CreationDate="2019-04-16T08:29:44.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;The captain decides.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This decision is made at the time that the penalties are assessed, which of multiple skaters will be first (second, third, ...) to leave the box, whether it is due to the expiration of the penalties or a goal being scored during the concurrent  minor penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This decision is passed by the referee to the scorekeepers, who will &quot;line up&quot; the players accordingly - both in their notes for later reference and physically for moving them back onto the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See for example, IIHF Rulebook 111, &lt;em&gt;Penalty Situations&lt;/em&gt;, part v.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T08:29:44.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21293" CreationDate="2019-04-16T13:24:34.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three teams in NBA history who have won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA championship&lt;/a&gt; but never won more than 5 games in a row during their winning season. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/PHW/1947_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1947 Philadelphia Warriors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/BOS/1969_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1969 Boston Celtics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/WSB/1978_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1978 Washington Bullets&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; all won the championship with their longest season winning streak being 5 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T13:24:34.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21296" CreationDate="2019-04-16T13:56:57.677" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been eight NHL teams thus far to win the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;President's Trophy&lt;/a&gt; but be eliminated in the first round of the Stanley Cup Playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The worst Stanley Cup finish by a President's Trophy winner was in 2018-19 by the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/TBL/2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tampa Bay Lightning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, who were eliminated in the first round by the Columbus Blue Jackets, in a 4-0 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other President's Trophy winners eliminated in the first round are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/CHI/1991.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 Chicago Blackhawks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Minnesota North Stars in a 4-2 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/STL/2000.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000 St Louis Blues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by San Jose Sharks in a 4-3 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/DET/2006.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 Detroit Red Wings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Edmonton Oilers in a 4-2 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/SJS/2009.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 San Jose Sharks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Anaheim Ducks in a 4-2 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/WSH/2010.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 Washington Capitals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Montreal Canadiens in a 4-3 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/VAN/2012.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 Vancouver Canucks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Los Angeles Kings in a 4-1 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/BOS/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023 Boston Bruins&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by Florida Panthers in a 4-3 series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-22T09:29:45.080" LastActivityDate="2023-05-22T09:29:45.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21317" CreationDate="2019-04-16T14:07:35.707" Score="1" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know in table tennis, it is not allowed to serve over the sideline i.e. on the first hit of the ball, it is not allowed that the ball will go over the side of the table on the opponents side. It should reach the far end of the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is if in tennis there is a similar rule? I could not find anything here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serve_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Serve (tennis)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17113" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T08:20:32.717" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T08:20:32.717" Title="Serving over the sideline" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21295" CreationDate="2019-04-16T14:38:20.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, body checking in women's hockey is prohibited while body checking in men's hockey is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In essence, while the act of body checking is self-explanatory, a Woman's Body Check denotes an illegal act while a Body Check denotes the act itself, which is common in men's hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 604 in USA Hockey states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Body checking is prohibited in the 12 &amp;amp; under youth age classification&#xA;  and below and &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; Girls’/Women’s age classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Body checking is also prohibited in all non-check Adult&#xA;  classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A local governing body may prohibit body checking in any&#xA;  classification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-04-16T14:38:20.483" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21315" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-17T13:18:21.787" Score="2" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the Islanders' Jordan Eberle having accomplished this against the Penguins during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2019-new-york-islanders-vs-pittsburgh-penguins-eastern-first-round.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st round of the 2018-2019 NHL playoffs&lt;/a&gt;, how many players have ever gotten a goal (not just a point) in every game of a playoff series before? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17122" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:36:27.133" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:36:27.133" Title="How many times has an NHL player scored in every game of a playoff series?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-18T00:15:23.030" Score="1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if there is a database compiling match/player stats for leagues (or maybe UEFA Champions League) which have VAR in place. I'm particularly interested in stats surrounding VAR itself, such as how many VAR calls were made per game, or at what time in the match VAR was used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17125" LastEditorUserId="17125" LastEditDate="2019-04-18T06:08:30.287" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T06:08:30.287" Title="Is there a database of soccer match stats which include VAR calls?" Tags="|football|statistics|video-review|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21307" CreationDate="2019-04-18T02:31:36.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no similar rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the USTA's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/officiating/2019%20Friend%20at%20Court.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Friend at Court&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;SERVING&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&#xA;  The service shall pass over the net and hit the service court diagonally opposite, before the receiver returns it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no requirement for it to exit the court via the baseline.  In fact, it is very common for serves to be sent close to the sideline to make them more difficult to return.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tennis strategy &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisserver.com/turbo/turbo_06_12.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; that discusses some advantages of hitting very wide serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T02:31:36.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21319" CreationDate="2019-04-18T09:36:53.670" Score="2" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;On April 17, 2019, in the UEFA Champions League quarterfinal second leg between Manchester City and Tottenham there were some requests to VAR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, one was made regarding Llorente's goal in 73', Tottenham's third goal and making the score 4-3, which would (and did) qualify his team to the semifinals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cameras show Llorente touching the ball with his arm, but it was attached to his body. Depending on the camera angle, it may look intentional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the The Guardian article, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/apr/17/pep-guardiola-var-lorente-champions-league-spurs-manchester-city&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pep Guardiola hits out at VAR after Llorente’s disputed goal for Spurs&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I support VAR but maybe from one angle Fernando Llorente’s goal is handball, maybe from the referee’s angle it is not,” Guardiola said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule on what angle should be used to take the decision? Do teams have the right to ask for a new check with other cameras?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-18T22:09:15.883" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T22:09:15.883" Title="How does the VAR decide which camera to use?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21318" CreationDate="2019-04-18T13:04:32.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/the-referee-2018/chapters/video-assistant-referee-var-2018&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.4&lt;/a&gt; states that the VAR uses &lt;em&gt;replay(s)&lt;/em&gt;, so there is no limitation in what sort of replays are being used. Usually all with a proper perspective on the scene.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The assistance from the video assistant referee (VAR) will relate to&#xA;  using replay(s) of the incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you watch the live footage of the VAR or referee in the review area you can clearly see that they watch the scene from different angles, so Pep Guardiola's comment was nonsense. Also the VAR can only overturn a decision when it was an obvious error:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee may be assisted by a video assistant referee (VAR) only in&#xA;  the event of a ‘clear and obvious error’ or ‘serious missed incident’&#xA;  in relation to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;goal/no goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;penalty/no penalty&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;direct red card (not second caution)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;mistaken identity when the referee cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And my personal two cents: The goal was good. The ball went in from his upper leg and &lt;em&gt;maybe&lt;/em&gt; barely touched the arm with no visual evidence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T13:04:32.403" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21323" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-20T17:36:48.740" Score="3" ViewCount="5854" Body="&lt;p&gt;If batsman is out of his popping crease and fast bowler bowl ball full toss delievery (without pitching on ground)above the hip is it considered as no ball or just because he's out of his popping crease so it should be above shoulder level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17138" LastEditorUserId="17138" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T04:38:41.893" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T06:39:19.107" Title="Beamer No ball Rules" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3262" CreationDate="2019-04-20T20:52:26.903" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key wording is 7.01 is &quot;forced to vacate it for another runner legally entitled to the base.&quot; Look further into the rules and you will find that the batter is not legally entitled to first base until he reaches that base safely. Therefore, the runner that was already on 1st base is legally entitled to 1st base until the batter reaches the base safely. When this happens, the runner is now not legally entitled to 1st base and can then be tagged out if still standing on the base. Until that happens, the defense has to throw to 2nd base to create a force out and cannot tag the runner standing on 1st base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17139" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T20:52:26.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21323" CreationDate="2019-04-21T06:39:19.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The laws are clear. Any non-pitching delivery which would or does pass the popping crease above waist height of an upright standing striker is by definition unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no allowance for the striker being outside the popping crease, and there is never a requirement that the ball pass the striker above shoulder height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the striker's end umpire determines that the ball would have dropped below waist height at the popping crease, the delivery is a ball and legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is determined otherwise, the umpire should call and signal No ball. Further, if the umpire decides such a ball to be dangerous (regardless of any protective equipment that is or may be worn) the bowler should be cautioned and warned, or if this is deliberate or repeated, the umpire may immediately suspend the bowler from bowling for the remainder of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.7 Bowling of dangerous and unfair non-pitching deliveries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.7.1&lt;/strong&gt; Any delivery, which passes or would have passed, without pitching, above waist height of the striker standing upright at the popping crease, is unfair. Whenever such a delivery is bowled, the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T06:39:19.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3904" CreationDate="2019-04-21T07:42:49.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rock climbing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lead climbing and bouldering nowadays tends to favour smaller / lighter people than taller / heavier. I know this can end up as a long debate, but for a shorter person looking for a sport this is something to look into!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17141" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T07:42:49.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-22T14:36:39.467" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Milwaukee Bucks just swept the Detroit Pistons in their first round series  4 games to none after sweeping the regular season series between these two teams 4 games to none.  After completing the playoff series sweep they ended up with an 8-0 record against Detroit this season.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Has a team ever gone 8-0 or better (combined regular season and playoffs) against a single team in a single season?&lt;/strong&gt;  If so, has any team ever won more than 8 games against a single team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Currently it is not possible for a team to win more than 8 games against  a single team (max of 4 regular season meetings + 4 playoff wins clinches the series), I'm not sure how far back that holds true from a schedule perspective.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With the current schedule format, teams only play divisional opponents 4 times in the regular season.  So 8-0 (at least in recent years) would need to be a case of two division rivals meeting in the playoffs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastEditorUserId="9275" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T02:51:10.857" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T02:51:10.857" Title="What is the record for the most wins by a single team against a single team in an NBA season?" Tags="|trivia|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21330" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-22T15:31:00.723" Score="0" ViewCount="1268" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Major League Baseball, does a relief pitcher who blows the save in the top of the 9th inning also get credit for the win when his team comes back in bottom of the 9th for the win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17147" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T15:23:39.967" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T16:01:50.430" Title="MLB rules for blown save and win by same pitcher" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21330" CreationDate="2019-04-22T16:52:04.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that's quite possible and happens with some regularity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kenley Jansen of the Dodgers recorded both a win and failed to record a save even though he entered the game eligible for one when pitching for the Dodgers on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/MIL/MIL201904210.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sunday, April 21, 2019&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://blogs.fangraphs.com/proposed-rule-change-blown-save-wins-revert-to-the-starting-pitcher/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fangraphs&lt;/a&gt; wrote an article suggesting that the rule be changed so that relief pitchers could not benefit from this situation quite as much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T16:52:04.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18377" CreationDate="2019-04-22T16:54:42.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alex Ovechkin appears to have at least tied this record in looking at the Game Stats of the Caps' 6 to 0 win over the Canes on April 20, 2019.  In P3 there is a penalty call at 10:12 and Ovie's PPG is at 10:14.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17149" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T16:54:42.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21036" CreationDate="2019-04-22T19:26:43.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem with hard serves is that the ball bounces back too high and far from the back wall. This gives the returner too much space and allows them to either make a kill shot or put the server into a tough position right away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Squash is a game where ball position is very important, often more so than power. A good squash serve hits high on the side wall and lands softly in the back corner so the returner must play a defensive shot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9551" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T19:26:43.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18593" CreationDate="2019-04-23T04:40:06.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Joey Gallo hit a pop up on April 21, 2019 against the Houston Astros that was measured by StatCast to have reached 207 feet at its apex and had a hang time of 7.3 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Off the bat, the shortstop headed to short right field, but the wind brought the ball back to the infield and it dropped at the shortstop position for an infield base hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17152" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T05:04:23.217" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T05:04:23.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21336" CreationDate="2019-04-23T06:30:25.040" Score="3" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IPL fair play award seem to resemble points table except few outliers.&#xA;Does fair play award has to do anything with who won the match also?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/neQ4m.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/neQ4m.png&quot; alt=&quot;Fair play positions in current IPL season&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17153" LastEditorUserId="17169" LastEditDate="2019-04-25T12:07:08.603" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T12:07:08.603" Title="Fair Play award and team performances in IPL" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21335" CreationDate="2019-04-23T08:10:57.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No, this is obviously not the case.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of the 58 final points table positions after pool play in the IPL seasons 2012-2018, only twelve (12) matched the fair play rank for that team, and only three of these were the award winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If final points table positions and fair play award ranks are plotted with a linear regression model, there is almost zero dependence on the points table position (moving one place up or down has an effect of moving about ~0.11 places in the fair play ranking), with the starting position being almost exactly the mean final points table position (the fair play ranks are almost uniformly random rather than being biased to one side), and the data has a correlation coefficient of just 0.0131 (the points table position has as close to zero effect as it probably could!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the distance between fair play rank and final points table position is checked instead, the mean absolute difference is 2.48 ranks with an approximately Poisson distribution (a vast majority of ranks are not the same as positions, with many being very different). The actual differences have approximately a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 2.02 (which, given the range of ~7.3, again suggests that fair play ranks are almost perfectly random and separated from table positions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should also make perfect sense, since most teams will most often receive most of the fair play points they are eligible for, barring unlikely and extreme events, and teams may show high sportsmanship despite losing or conversely demonstrate poor spirit despite playing very well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T09:54:25.030" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T09:54:25.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21338" CreationDate="2019-04-23T11:29:43.680" Score="6" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.berwick-advertiser.co.uk/news/looks-like-rangers-marked-their-centenary-too-early-1-226129&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; (archive &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190423111937/https://www.berwick-advertiser.co.uk/news/looks-like-rangers-marked-their-centenary-too-early-1-226129&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;) about the Scottish team Berwick Rangers centenary refers to the first competitive game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fishermen of the Greens also formed a football club around the same time, called the 'Royal Oaks.' They shared the field with Berwick Rangers. The first ever competitive football match in Berwick was a local derby between these teams on February 16, 1884. The result was &lt;strong&gt;'a win for the Rangers by one goal and &quot;two tries&quot; to nil.'&lt;/strong&gt; - proving that the rules of this new game were still not very clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that the initial rules were not clear back then, but I wonder if there is any record of what a &quot;try&quot; could have been or why it was recorded as a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T12:54:56.267" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T06:00:36.470" Title="What was a &quot;try&quot; in ancient football?" Tags="|rules|football|history|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21337" CreationDate="2019-04-23T12:07:14.530" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A try, at least originally, did &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; affect the score directly, and is only recorded to mark a key aspect of that game: there were very few scoring opportunities at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What it did was provide that team with an attempt to kick a goal - hence, to &lt;em&gt;try at goal&lt;/em&gt; became simply &lt;em&gt;try&lt;/em&gt;. In the case at hand, the Rangers earned two &lt;em&gt;tries&lt;/em&gt;, scoring one goal, while the Oaks did not get any &lt;em&gt;tries&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was later changed in the evolution of the rugby football codes (awarding points for the try itself; reducing the relative value of the goal) while it was removed entirely from the association football code (the goal is scored directly from play), or had been removed by the first formalisation of the Gaelic and Australian football codes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A reasonable summary of the scoring history of rugby football, the only code family that maintains the try as a scoring mechanism, can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/scoring.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here at RugbyFootballHistory.com&lt;/a&gt;; note the 1877 rule statement in particular, and the reference in the 1888 description.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-24T06:00:36.470" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T06:00:36.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20734" CreationDate="2019-04-23T23:10:10.770" Score="0" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Here are some exercises to help improve your vertical jump.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Power and Strength Exercises for Jumping&#xA;  Strength exercises include slow, controlled movements like squats, lunges, and weighted step-ups.  Power exercises require explosive, quick moves like those needed for plyometrics and power cleans. Plyometrics are explosive bounding, hopping and jumping drills that blend strength and speed. Finally, practicing maximum vertical jump will increase vertical jump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are many ways to improve vertical jump, but some of the most effective exercises include plyometrics, along with exercises that build both strength and power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Plyometrics: The most common plyometric exercises include hops, jumps, and bounding movements. One popular plyometric exercise is jumping off a box and rebounding off the floor and onto another, higher box. Box jumps will also provide practice for jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Full Squats: This barbell exercise will build both strength and power. It's also one of the best total body exercises you can do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Weighted / Dynamic Step Ups: The step up is a great all-around exercise that you can do almost anywhere. Not only will it build strength in your quadriceps, you can also use it as part of a cardio workout. It has a low risk of injury.&#xA;  Overhead Walking Lunges: This exercise builds power, strength, and speed in your legs as well as improving core strength during movement. All you need is a weight and room to walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Single-leg Squats: The single leg squat is an exercise you can do anywhere, without equipment. It works your hips, hamstrings, quadriceps, gluteus maximus. and calves while strengthening your core and helping flexibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sprints:  These short bouts of intense exercise build muscle and performance, using more muscles at the same time as compared to weightlifting.&#xA;  Agility drills: Agility drills to help improve coordination, speed, power, and specific sports skills. Several of them include jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Stair Running: Stair running is a high-intensity workout that helps build speed, power, and cardiovascular fitness. It targets the glutes, quads, and calves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is proven that practicing your vertical jump strengthens it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Practice Your Maximum Jump&#xA;  If you want to jump higher, jump higher. Include some time to practice your maximum jump, putting it all together. Work on your form, incorporating your lead up to the jump, arm motion, and safe landing technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that jumping is a high impact activity. It isn't suitable for everyone and you may discover it is taking a toll on your knees, hips, ankles, and feet. Be sure to give your body a rest between hard workouts so your muscles have time to repair and build before you challenge them again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T23:10:10.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22342" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-24T12:33:11.327" Score="2" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which test cricketer has hit the match-winning run most often?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17162" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-25T05:35:24.970" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T09:49:00.093" Title="Test cricketer hitting the winning run most often" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22343" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-24T12:39:23.197" Score="-1" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bases loaded with 2 outs. Ball is hit to shortstop. SS tags runner attempting to advance to 3rd. Does the run count from 3rd base&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17163" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-04-28T19:14:31.200" LastActivityDate="2019-04-28T19:14:31.200" Title="If a forced runner is tagged for the 3rd out, do any runs count?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-04-25T14:25:24.453" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22343" CreationDate="2019-04-24T13:16:38.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run does not count. Rule 4.09 of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mlb.mlb.com/documents/0/8/0/268272080/2018_Official_Baseball_Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rule book&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.09 HOW A TEAM SCORES.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first,&#xA;second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a&#xA;play in which the third out is made&lt;/strong&gt; (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first&#xA;base; &lt;strong&gt;(2) by any runner being forced out;&lt;/strong&gt; or (3) by a preceding runner who is&#xA;declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner attempting to advance to third is forced out for the third out. As a result, the run is not scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-04-24T13:16:38.340" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22346" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-24T18:38:32.133" Score="2" ViewCount="1020" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1979, the NBA voted to have a 1-year trial of the 3-point line, which later became permanent. Although the ABA used a 25 foot 3-point line, the NBA used a 23.75 foot line. How was the 23.75 number settled on? Was it random?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15633" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T15:00:42.200" Title="How did the NBA decide on 23.75 feet for the 3-point distance?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2522" CreationDate="2019-04-25T09:52:41.813" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If more than one player has equal stats (highest runs or wickets), what will they do?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If some batsmen have same stat then the orange cap holder is the man which played least balls or highest strike rate or most percentage of boundaries then the other one. Same is the case with a best bowler who hold purple cap which have delivered least balls then the other one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider the following situation,&#xA;A player in the field is wearing orange cap for most runs, but in the middle of the innings (it may be first or second) a batsman from the batting side overtakes his runs.&#xA;Will he allowed to wear it anymore in that innings?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes it's allowed to wear that cap in a complete innings rather then taking it off and gave to the other man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For example&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batsman A&lt;/strong&gt; is a orange cap holder having 192 runs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batsman B&lt;/strong&gt; is a one step away from that orange cap having 190 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the batsmen is playing in alternate ground and playing round match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose &lt;strong&gt;Batsman A&lt;/strong&gt; is going to play with orange cap and batting on a crease and at the same time &lt;strong&gt;Batsman B&lt;/strong&gt; is playing at crease in some other city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Batsman B&lt;/strong&gt; is playing on 40* runs ahead of another one and &lt;strong&gt;Batsmen A&lt;/strong&gt; is playing on 10* runs. So according to rule at the time &lt;strong&gt;Batsman B&lt;/strong&gt; have cap holder but after some time or at the end of an innings &lt;strong&gt;Batsmen A&lt;/strong&gt; scores 60 and &lt;strong&gt;Batsmen B&lt;/strong&gt; scores 50 then &lt;strong&gt;Batsmen A&lt;/strong&gt; can worth their cap and logically it would be unfair to take away cap during the match innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I didn't see anyone wearing at the time of batting.&#xA;Is it permitted to wear these caps while batting?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes its permitted to wear the cap during batting. &#xA;Most of the times players remove their helmets and wear cap when any spinner came to crease for bowling. At the time batsman can wear the orange cap ahead of teams uniform cap which will be okay and allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17169" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T09:52:41.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-25T10:46:14.423" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which &lt;strong&gt;T20 cricketer&lt;/strong&gt; has hit the most winning run in ICC ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17169" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-03T13:43:09.460" LastActivityDate="2020-09-03T13:43:09.460" Title="Most Winning Runs in ICC T20 Cricket History" Tags="|cricket|icc|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19969" CreationDate="2019-04-25T12:55:18.230" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In simple sense. It's when points are scored when the ball is recovered and scored from within the same offensive play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17172" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T12:55:18.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14392" CreationDate="2019-04-25T18:27:30.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wear two pair of really thick high socks to have a better feel with my skates by strapping them extra tight at the same time. I like my skates really reactive and after some time I forget I have them on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't advice wearing none. Too much space around your feet and less overall feel with your boots in general. Blisters assured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7583" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T18:27:30.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13905" CreationDate="2019-04-25T18:33:24.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Check your wheels for flat spots. Flat spots make your wheels wobble in turns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check if any bearings are broken or close to be worn out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check if the screws of your wheels need replacement or aren't fully screwed in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check if your wheels have spacers or need replacement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check if the frame is in a bad condition or is at least properly attached.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7583" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T18:33:24.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22358" CreationDate="2019-04-26T12:18:26.647" Score="2" ViewCount="2504" Body="&lt;p&gt;per &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/user/official-rules/mlb/9-14-base-balls/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules&lt;/a&gt;, a batter awarded a base on balls may refuse to advance to first base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why would a batter do that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;did such a case happen in MLB history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-04-27T23:38:30.023" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T21:11:47.270" Title="why would a batter awarded a base on balls refuse to advance to first base?" Tags="|baseball|tactics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22357" CreationDate="2019-04-26T22:57:53.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious case is a batter known to hit well, where the balls have come from a pitcher wanting to avoid the big hit against them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, this is a good decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;late in the game where the result of a hit is more likely to be unrecoverable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;where the batter is especially good at hitting home runs, and the game is very close in score&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;there are runners on base, particularly if they're on third or a fast runner on second&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combinations of the above scenarios make the decision even more weighted towards staying on the plate to try for the hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T22:57:53.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-27T11:58:26.423" Score="3" ViewCount="599" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the lowest televised break achieved in snooker, where all balls were potted in the continuous break ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 15 reds with colours and all the colours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, although very unlikely, you could pot all 15 reds in a single shot (15) a yellow (2) and then all the colours (27) and the white goes in off the black (-7) so a score of 37 would be the lowest possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17183" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-04-27T14:18:35.750" LastActivityDate="2019-04-27T14:18:35.750" Title="Lowest break achieved in snooker" Tags="|trivia|snooker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22371" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22373" CreationDate="2019-04-29T06:06:06.020" Score="3" ViewCount="2938" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you be offside from a goal kick? Looking for official FIFA laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T19:09:30.650" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T19:09:30.650" Title="Can you be offside from a goal kick?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22371" CreationDate="2019-04-29T10:24:09.033" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Law 11 &lt;em&gt;Offside&lt;/em&gt;, part 3 &lt;em&gt;No offence&lt;/em&gt; makes explicit exception:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a goal kick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a throw-in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a corner kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;even if the player is otherwise in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once ball is touched by another player, Law 11 applies as normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-04-29T10:24:09.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22377" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22431" CreationDate="2019-04-29T17:58:51.463" Score="3" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the international playing level, has anyone ever thrown the ball directly into the goal, from a throw-in?  Directly meaning, without touching a member from either team, including the goalie.  It does not matter if it touches the ground first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2019-04-30T13:51:08.457" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T09:15:18.147" Title="Throw-in directly into the goal" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17799" CreationDate="2019-05-01T00:35:38.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Doubles rotation is difficult, it's very advanced. And i'm new to the concept myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One answer suggests it's certain things that I don't think it is.  It isn't the idea that if you lift you go sides..   It isn't the idea of hitting down.  It isn't the idea of finding holes in the opponents.   Though that's not to say you shouldn't do those things! And it takes years even to get good at those things, let alone doubles rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of doubles rotation, is let's say the opponents hit the shuttle high down one side, e.g. near the tramline.  You go to it, your partner is in front of you around the middle of the court.  And let's say you smash it. They then lift it to the other side.  There are two options here.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A) You stay at the back and go get it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B) Your partner comes back and you come forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do B, that's an example of doubles rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's explained in this video by Paul Stewart&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Badminton Level Doubles Rotation &amp;amp; Positioning Q&amp;amp;A . &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZGT2VOJwA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZGT2VOJwA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He mentions some other scenarios&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video also shows examples of doubles rotation &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BADMINTON EXERCISE #82 - OFFENSIVE DOUBLE ROTATIONS + TACTICS&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOIpx3fX9WE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOIpx3fX9WE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. the smash getting returned cross court example, that I mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And he mentions an example where you at the back get a poor lift from your opponents, you smash it and come forward.. so that's another rotation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A basic summary of the idea of any rotation, is that when you have two partners A and B, A was behind B, now B is behind A. (and beyond the simple rules regarding front back and sides)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another rotation i've heard about, is if the opponents do a net shot on one side, your partner gets it, and they cross court it, and your partner has no chance of getting their cross court. You might be nearer it than him too particularly if he is near the net then you'd have come to the middle. So you could get that cross court one and they can come back. Or since there isn't much time, you lift it and are sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's three there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10161" LastEditorUserId="10161" LastEditDate="2020-03-16T13:52:00.213" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T13:52:00.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20410" CreationDate="2019-05-01T22:54:45.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The DLS par score is calculated as so many runs off so many overs.  For example 200 runs in 29 overs.  In almost all matches using DLS there will be an official responsible for the DLS, and the umpires are solely responsible for deciding how many overs have been lost as a result of the delay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The DLS manager then uses either the computer software or the manual tables to calculate the DLS par score based on the number of overs gone and number of wickets lost.  This is usually provided to the umpires and captains and displayed on the scoreboard.  It is convention on the scoreboard to show the DLS par score at the end of the current over assuming no wickets fall and to adjust the score as soon as a wicket does fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am an umpire in the UK and my match on Saturday was reduced to 41 overs a team, and we thought we might get rain delays in the second innings so we had a DLS chart provided by the scorers from the start of the second innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The regulations will usually specify a minimum number of overs that constitutes a match.  These must have been bowled for a side to have won by DLS even if they have passed the par score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally it should be noted the par score is not the score to win, that is always 1 more than the par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T22:54:45.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14872" CreationDate="2019-05-02T02:49:47.023" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wrong, a ball becomes a foul ball immediately upon hitting a fence, backstop, net, umpire, or player while over foul territory before 1st or 3rd base. It matters where the ball is when it is touched until it passes 1st or 3rd base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17211" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T02:49:47.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-02T08:16:14.723" Score="3" ViewCount="1455" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens after the penalty is applied when a player is snookered behind a free ball? This question pertains to the rule when a free ball has been nominated, but the player not only fails to sink the free ball, but also snookers the other player with it. In that case the rule says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not potting the free ball incurs no penalty, so the striker may play a&#xA;  snooker using the free ball, gratis. However, if said snooker is&#xA;  achieved by having the free ball obstructing the ball on, then the&#xA;  strike is a foul and a penalty of the value of the ball on is awarded&#xA;  to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, but that still leaves the player snookered. For example, let's imagine Player A has a free ball and nominates the green ball. He snookers the cue ball behind the green. So, in that case Player A will have fouled and Player B receives 4 points. What happens then? Player B will still be snookered behind the green. Does B have to try to escape the snooker, even though he was awarded points for the foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2020-11-21T19:04:45.373" Title="What happens after the penalty if a player is snookered behind a free ball?" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-02T09:18:28.840" Score="4" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Professional tennis, in Grand Slams &amp;amp; certain joint events held on the tour, gives equal prize money to Men &amp;amp; Women.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does any other professional sport give equal prize money to Men &amp;amp; Women? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1630" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T09:18:28.840" Title="Does any other professional sport apart from tennis give equal prize money to Men &amp; Women?" Tags="|international-sports|awards|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22357" CreationDate="2019-05-03T15:30:53.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only mention the linked rule (9.14) makes of the batter refusing first base is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c)  If a batter awarded a base on balls &lt;em&gt;is called out for refusing to advance to first base&lt;/em&gt;, the official scorer shall not credit the base on balls and shall charge a time at bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule doesn't make clear under what circumstances a batter &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be called out: does the umpire simply do so for the batter failing to take the base, or does the opposing team need to take some action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.05(b) provides situations where a runner is &quot;entitled to first base without liability to be put out &lt;em&gt;(provided he advances to and touches first base)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Rule 5.05(b)(1) then specifically mentions that one such situation is when the umpire calls four balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comment on Rule 5.06(b)(4)(I) gives the opposing team the opportunity to execute an appeal play should a batter fail to touch a base to which he was otherwise entitled to. This &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; apply to a batter failing to take first base after a walk, though it isn't entirely clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T15:30:53.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-03T18:26:45.417" Score="3" ViewCount="886" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbhajan_Singh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Harbajan Singh&lt;/a&gt; has been described as bowling a variation called a &quot;flicker&quot;. What is this variation, and how to bowl it? (I know it's different from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrom_ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;carrom ball&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipper_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;flipper&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17229" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-06-16T10:26:04.420" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T12:05:40.697" Title="What is flicker ball in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22402" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22433" CreationDate="2019-05-04T13:46:12.387" Score="1" ViewCount="827" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2018-19 season's playoffs, all top seed teams were eliminated in the very first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Atlantic division winners, Tampa Bay Lightnings who tied the most number of wins in a season were swept by the Columbus Blue Jackets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Metropolitan division winners and the defending champions, Washington Capitals lost to Carolina Hurricanes in 7 games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Central division winners, the Nashville Predators fell to Dallas Stars in 6 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Pacific division winners, Calgary Flames lost to Colorado Avalanche in 5 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throughout the years the NHL playoffs format has changed many times, but given the current format, this is the first time all division winners are knocked out on the first round. &#xA;How many times in the history of the Stanley Cup, all top seeds were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T19:52:45.610" Title="How many times NHL all top seeds have been eliminated in the first round?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13357" CreationDate="2019-05-04T21:15:23.680" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is important to remember that there is no difference between a popup and a ground ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a pop-up between home and third (or home and first) lands fair and then gets caught on the bounce in foul ground, it is a FAIR ball.  Period.  Again, there is no difference between a pop-up and a ground ball.  For a ground ball that establishes fair and then goes foul, the ball is not ruled &quot;foul&quot; unless/until the ball either stops moving—on its own—when it is still in foul territory OR a fielder touches it in foul territory. A ground ball that starts fair, goes foul, and then re-enters fair territory is a FAIR ball (which is why a fielder must quickly touch the ball in foul ground to make sure that it does not come back fair), so we can't make assumptions about where the ball &quot;would have landed&quot; if a fielder hadn't caught the pop-up on-the-bounce in foul territory without the ball ever having made physical contact with foul ground.  This prevents &quot;guessing games&quot; when the bounce hovers very close to the foul line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17235" LastEditorUserId="17235" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T21:22:19.460" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T21:22:19.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1557" CreationDate="2019-05-05T07:03:03.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Iam here with my Brother Len Richardson &#xA;Before Len got the patent for Angle Drive &#xA;He Approached the MCC and got Approval for  this bat design.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The Bat is a legal design they use this design  in limited overs with the blade facing  the opposite  way &#xA;Angle drive was really  meant for  for test matches it was to decrease catches because  it hit the ball to the ground .&#xA;Len Proved with a normal bat at 20 metres you would catch the ball at waist height &#xA;Using Angle drive with the same shot &#xA;The ball would be hitting the ground before the fielder.&#xA;All the Best from Len Richardson inventor angle Drive &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17236" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T07:03:03.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22412" CreationDate="2019-05-06T18:49:31.597" Score="2" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;This year we saw the first ever amateur to qualify for the world championship. By what route was he able to even take part in qualification? If only 128 players are ranked, what decides who can take part in qualification events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T12:04:00.597" Title="How was amateur James Cahill able to qualify for the snooker world championships?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-06T23:11:27.677" Score="6" ViewCount="1255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading up on some table tennis rules, and there seems to be a lot of regulations regarding the racket/paddle/bat. One of the regulations is that the players inspect each other's rackets before a match. Another is that players can only change rackets if their current racket is accidentally damaged to the point it can't be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, I play tennis (the older cousin of table tennis), in which both of the above rules are not present. I was just wondering if the technology of table tennis rackets was so different from tennis in such a way that they required stricter regulations? Sorry for my ignorance on the matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17230" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-09T06:01:07.807" LastActivityDate="2019-10-09T06:01:07.807" Title="Why do table tennis players inspect each other's rackets?" Tags="|rules|equipment|table-tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22407" CreationDate="2019-05-07T12:04:00.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cahill_(snooker_player)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia article about him&lt;/a&gt;, James Cahill received a wildcard from the organization:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At the 2019 World Championship, Cahill gained a place in qualifying having been given a wildcard place by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, despite being an amateur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_World_Snooker_Championship#Format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rest of the participants&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so they weren't among the 128 participants (which you refer to) for the qualifying draw.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The qualifying draw consisted of 128 players, including 106 of the remaining 112 players on the World Snooker Tour, as well as twenty-two wildcard places allotted to non-tour players. These invited players included the women's world champion, the European junior champion, and all four semi-finalists at the amateur championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T12:04:00.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-08T04:46:25.030" Score="1" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;I coach 13 &amp;amp; 14 year-olds in a community soccer league. Many of the more skilled players also play for clubs, but they enjoy the community soccer league because they can play with the friends they've grown up playing with. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a coach, sportsmanship &amp;amp; respect for self, teammate, coach, ref, opponent and parents is paramount. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This evening we lost 2-0 to a team that was very dominant and in our end most of the time. We had hardly any shots on net but were able to keep them to two goals. It was a clean game. In the final few minutes of the game, the goalie of the winning team ran up the field to play in front of our net, trying to score. He stayed up there for the remainder of the match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the match and shaking hands, I approached the coach of the other team and commended his skilled players and their clean play. I also said that I thought that the goalie joining the forward line at the end of the match was disrespectful and unsportsmanlike to a team that they were beating and thoroughly dominating.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other coach was very surprised and said that they always do this because the goalie gets bored. Whereby I showed him my surprise and reiterated that nevertheless it was disrespectful and unsportsmanlike. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand moving the goalie up forward if you are losing and need to score. But moving the goalie forward when you are dominating because the goalie is bored is uncalled for and is counter to sportsmanship. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I wrong? What do you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17253" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-09T06:12:41.850" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T09:53:58.017" Title="Youth soccer - Is it unsportsmanlike for the winning team to pull their goalie because he is bored?" Tags="|football|coaching|etiquette|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22399" CreationDate="2019-05-08T05:13:35.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Flicker is a kind of variation used by off-spinner, they use the middle finger to flick the ball, as well flight the ball so that it goes flat after pitching it isn’t used by many bowlers as it is ineffective &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T05:13:35.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21268" CreationDate="2019-05-08T05:16:28.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;21.5 Fair delivery – the feet&#xA;For a delivery to be fair in respect of the feet, in the delivery stride&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21.5.1 the bowler’s back foot must land within and not touching the return crease appertaining to his/her stated mode of delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21.5.2 the bowler’s front foot must land with some part of the foot, whether grounded or raised&#xA;-       on the same side of the imaginary line joining the two middle stumps as the return crease described in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21.5.1, and&#xA;-       behind the popping crease.&#xA;If the bowler’s end umpire is not satisfied that all of these three conditions have been met, he/she shall call and signal No ball.  See Law 41.8 (Bowling of deliberate front foot No ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T05:16:28.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22414" CreationDate="2019-05-08T06:18:54.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is disrespectful. They're mocking their opponents with actions like these. It's basically saying &quot;&lt;em&gt;We're so awesome we don't even need a goalie against you&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are better ways to prevent them from being bored every week. For example &lt;em&gt;rotation&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Just let them play on a different position. This has cool side effects as well, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They learn about new positions and what their team mates actually do there. This helps understanding their team mates even better.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may find hidden skills you haven't found before, because they hardly had the chance to show them... quite a few players change their positions in that age&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;maybe your goalie is a good scorer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;your defender might be a great goalie&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most importantly, they have &lt;em&gt;fun&lt;/em&gt; playing something different. After all, they're all kids and it's important for them to enjoy the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And you don't need to be the uber team on the league to do that. Every team can do it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T09:53:58.017" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T09:53:58.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2019-05-08T06:37:48.157" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsmen is wearing an arm guard, and the ball hits the arm guard and caught he is adjudged out caught&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is listed below according to rule 5.6.2.4 additional materials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;contact between the ball and any of 5.6.2.1 to 5.6.2.4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.1 the bat itself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.2 the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.3 any part of a glove worn on the batsman’s hand holding the bat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.6.2.4 any additional materials permitted under&#xA;5.4 shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat or being struck by the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T06:53:22.423" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-08T07:41:09.180" Score="1" ViewCount="2598" Body="&lt;p&gt;When playing 8-ball, if the breaking player hits any ball on the break, does the shooting player have a verbal choice of stripes or solids? Or does he still have to call a shot in before he can?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the rule is that he has to call his shot to get either stripes or solids, then what happens if on the break he hits a solid in, but calls a shot for stripes and misses it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17254" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T19:24:01.890" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T04:07:40.710" Title="Does the person breaking get the choice of solids or stripes if he makes any ball in?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-08T18:34:24.980" Score="3" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;In snooker, it is more difficult to pot the ball while your cue ball is placed with cushion.&#xA;I am playing snooker for nearly 4 years but till now I can't play this shot very well.&#xA;Can anyone tell me some (related) tricks and practice to improve this shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17262" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-18T22:36:34.127" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T22:36:34.127" Title="how to play the cushion shot in snooker" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22426" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-08T23:05:04.133" Score="4" ViewCount="7471" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say you have a team wanting to only play defense. Could all 11 players (1 goalkeeper plus 10 other players) literally stand in the goal box, essentially forming a wall, to prevent the other team from scoring? Could they play an entire match this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the rule that only one player can act as goalkeeper (only they could handle the ball), but the other players would behave as normal. They could only interact with the ball by kicks, headers or other legal means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17264" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T08:05:14.880" Title="Is there anything preventing all the players on soccer team from standing in the goal box for defense?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22419" CreationDate="2019-05-09T04:06:32.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;does the shooting player have a verbal choice of stripes or solids?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No one ever has verbal choice.  Whenever the table is open (as is always true after a break), then the group is chosen by successfully pocketing a called shot.  The group containing the made shot is then that player's.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, rule 3.4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what happens if on the break he hits a solid in, but calls a shot for stripes and misses it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The table is open after the break (even if balls are pocketed) (Rule 3.3(c)).  By missing the called shot, the table remains open for the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T04:06:32.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22426" CreationDate="2019-05-09T06:49:46.640" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes and No... the rules (laws) don't prohibit this. You could basically place all 11 players on the goal line and it would go by the rules. Of course there are certain situations where you are forced to leave the box (e.g. a penalty against you), but you're not forced to play offensive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the FIFA Code of Conduct says &lt;em&gt;Play to Win&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/news/credo-live-and-play-72003&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;click&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Winning is the object of playing any game. Never set out to lose. If&#xA;  you do not play to win, you are cheating your opponents, deceiving&#xA;  those who are watching, and also fooling yourself. Never give up&#xA;  against stronger opponents but never relent against weaker ones. It is&#xA;  an insult to any opponent to play at less than full strength. Play to&#xA;  win, until the final whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kinda forces you to not just clear the ball and stay behind. But there is no clear rule of how to do it, so it's a grey area and you can't really draw a line between acceptable and unacceptable. It really depends on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been games where teams just stood behind and cleared the ball, simply because they weren't able to withstand the pressure of the opponents. That's completely fine and acceptable. From my own experience, we've saved a draw by doing this when we were two men short after two red cards. There is no point in attacking at all costs and eventually losing the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unacceptable is playing to lose on purpose or doing something as pointed out in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18680/can-a-football-team-force-its-defeat-e-g-via-own-goals/18682#18682&quot;&gt;this Q&amp;amp;A&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T06:49:46.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22426" CreationDate="2019-05-09T08:05:14.880" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/22429&quot;&gt;dly's answer&lt;/a&gt; correctly covers whether this strategy would be legal or not. However, I'm going to argue that it doesn't matter if it's legal, &lt;em&gt;it's not going to be effective&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 11 players standing in the goal, I'm just going to get a couple of my players to run up the pitch with the ball, then when they get to somewhere about 12-18 yards away from the goal, kick the ball really, &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; hard somewhere towards the top corner of the goal. The chance of you keeping that out every single time is minimal - sometime, I'm going to get a ricochet off something and the ball's going to go in. Now you've got to change strategy, and you're already a goal down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T08:05:14.880" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22377" CreationDate="2019-05-09T08:46:03.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it happened the 2 october 2014 in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Europa_League_group_stage#Feyenoord_v_Standard_Li%C3%A8ge&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Europa League game&lt;/a&gt; between Feyenoord and Standard Liege (2-1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was officially credited to defender Sven van Beek (wearing 22), but it looked as though it was scored directly from the throw by Miquel Nelom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems the referee judged that the ball touched someone, even it didn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2779295/Feyenoord-score-incredible-goal-straight-throw-against-Standard-Liege.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2019-05-09T09:15:18.147" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T09:15:18.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22402" CreationDate="2019-05-09T19:52:45.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/key-nhl-statistics-numbers-april-25/c-307017914&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NHL themselves&lt;/a&gt;, it has never happened before the 2019 playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the first time in NHL history, the top team from each conference and all division winners were eliminated in the opening round. The Carolina Hurricanes completed a first-round sweep of the division and conference champions when they defeated the Washington Capitals 4-3 in double overtime at Capital One Arena to win Game 7 of the Eastern Conference First Round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Washington joined the Tampa Bay Lightning (Atlantic Division, Eastern Conference, Presidents' Trophy), Nashville Predators (Central Division) and Calgary Flames (Pacific Division, Western Conference) among teams eliminated in the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T19:52:45.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-10T10:44:35.443" Score="0" ViewCount="802" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have three related questions that concern &lt;strong&gt;NHL trading jargon&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Waiver&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia reports &quot;Once an NHL player has played in a certain number of games or a set number of seasons has passed since the signing of his first NHL contract, that player must be offered to all of the other NHL teams before he can be assigned to a minor league affiliate.&quot;&#xA;So, the question is: a player transferred through a waiver is not on loan, but has been sold to a different team before the end of the contract, is this statement correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Loan 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my understanding of waiver is right, I wonder whether there exist a separate trading institute that allow a player to temporarily change team, such as on loan (i.e. player P goes from team A to team B for a short period, even shorter than a full season, and then goes back to team A). Is there something like that in NHL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Loan 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related to the question about loan, could a player be temporarily transferred to another team only for the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15989" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T14:01:29.333" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T15:02:55.353" Title="Waivers and loans in NHL" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|transaction|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23025" CreationDate="2019-05-10T11:10:06.783" Score="1" ViewCount="1774" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most yellow flag periods in an Indianapolis 500 race? I can't seem to find any published stats anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally looking for number of caution lap &lt;em&gt;periods&lt;/em&gt; rather than total laps under caution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2019-09-06T09:55:53.313" Title="Most yellow flags in Indy 500" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22438" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-10T11:40:36.147" Score="0" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen old videos of fans running onto the parquet in the Garden after the Celtics won the championship. Is this still done? If not, when did this stop being allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17271" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T06:03:41.790" Title="Is it still acceptable for fans to run onto the field after winning the NBA Championship?" Tags="|basketball|history|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22436" CreationDate="2019-05-10T12:04:17.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Waivers means that if a team wants to send a player to the minors, they must offer that player first to the other NHL teams (the waiver wire). If claimed on waivers, that player is essentially traded to the other team for a nominal fee. That player is now a member of the claiming team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loans to non-NHL teams and sending players to the minors are essentially the same thing. Generally, NHL teams don't loan players to teams other than their affiliated minor league teams (some European players have a right to be loaned back to their European club).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning the playoffs, the NHL has a rule that to be eligible for the playoffs, you must be on the team's roster by a certain date which is generally players under contract and certain draftees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn.nhlpa.com/img/assets/file/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL CBA&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-05-10T12:04:17.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22442" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22443" CreationDate="2019-05-10T17:25:00.750" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ben Roethlisberger led the league during the 2018 NFL season with 16 interceptions. At a glance, that number seems low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970 NFL-AFL merger&lt;/a&gt;, which quarterback has had the lowest &quot;highest amount of interceptions thrown&quot; during a given regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T12:31:24.510" LastActivityDate="2021-01-12T14:18:36.963" Title="Which quarterback has had the lowest &quot;highest amount of interceptions thrown&quot; during a given regular season?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|history|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22442" CreationDate="2019-05-10T17:25:00.750" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/pass_int_year_by_year.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt;, the lowest &quot;highest amount of interceptions thrown&quot; during a given regular season since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL-AFL merger&lt;/a&gt; is 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two quarterbacks accomplished this feat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ben Roethlisberger (2018)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Joe Ferguson (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association#1982_strike&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;† &lt;sub&gt;- lockout shortened season&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T12:32:50.613" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T12:32:50.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-10T18:09:34.723" Score="5" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can my free hand touch the table when hitting a ball in play in table tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17274" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-18T08:37:19.413" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T08:37:19.413" Title="Can my free hand touch the table in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22444" CreationDate="2019-05-10T21:10:45.793" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, then you lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/08/2019ITTFHandbook_v2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF's Rules&lt;/a&gt; (The International Table Tennis Federation's Handbook 2019 v2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.10&lt;/em&gt; A POINT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.10.1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.10.1.11&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;if an opponent's free hand touches the playing surface&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T13:23:59.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22450" CreationDate="2019-05-12T15:59:58.463" Score="6" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018-19 Premier League season&lt;/a&gt;, Liverpool finished 2nd with 97 points. Has any team ever got more points than this without winning the league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17282" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-08-30T11:55:22.050" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T11:55:22.050" Title="What's the highest number of points without winning the Premier League?" Tags="|football|trivia|history|records|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22449" CreationDate="2019-05-12T16:09:39.960" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League_records_and_statistics#Points&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Most points in a season without winning the league: 97, Liverpool (2018–19)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not surprising since the record for most points is 100, only three higher (by Manchester City, the previous season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T16:09:39.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22451" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-12T18:56:36.580" Score="0" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, what's the best angle to view if a batsman is out or not out in a run out scenario?&#xA;Is it from an angle where the umpire runs to (so on the sides) or is it from the bowlers' end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17283" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T00:28:09.617" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T14:59:01.357" Title="What is the best view to decide a run out?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22452" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22473" CreationDate="2019-05-13T13:37:55.303" Score="5" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6O9mP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this snippet&lt;/a&gt; of a two defenders carrying an opponent into touch as he was holding onto the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ap91I.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ap91I.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I looked into tackle laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;REQUIREMENTS FOR A TACKLE (&lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=14&amp;amp;language=EN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=14&amp;amp;language=EN&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;For a tackle to occur, the ball-carrier is held and brought to&#xA;  ground by one or more opponents. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Being brought to ground means that the ball-carrier is lying, sitting or has at least one knee on the ground or on another player&#xA;  who is on the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Being held means that a tackler must continue holding the ball-carrier until the ball-carrier is on the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means it should be a maul (if called by the referee).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;FORMING A MAUL (&lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=16&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;A maul can take place only in the field of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;It consists of a ball-carrier and at least one player from each team, bound together and on their feet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Once formed, a maul must move towards a goal line&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since the maul is moving sideways, this would be illegal, to my understanding (but I am unsure).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question, &lt;strong&gt;was this defense legal?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17285" LastEditorUserId="17285" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T09:13:35.753" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T09:13:35.753" Title="Is carrying a player into touch a legal defense?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17488" CreationDate="2019-05-13T23:00:28.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the organisation behind the world cup for both compound and recurve archery, World Archery is authoritative on the sizing of target faces at their outdoor competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard for compound is indeed the 80cm half face at 50m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A half face is a target face including only the inner rings from the 6 inwards.&#xA;An 80cm half face would be 40cm in diameter, The full face would be 80cm in diameter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17288" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T23:00:28.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22456" CreationDate="2019-05-13T23:23:04.033" Score="0" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a review of the longest shot in NBA history and was reminded of this pretty incredible bucket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm8CS9DVsUA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm8CS9DVsUA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video is of the 2015 Boston Celtics attempting an inbounds play against the Indiana Pacers from the opposite baseline with only 1.1 seconds left. The play is to heave the ball across the entire court towards the basket, but it actually goes in the basket instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, that shot doesn't actually count. The player, Jae Crowder, is out of bounds on the opposite baseline and you can't score from out of bounds. His intent is to actually pass it to a teammate so they can attempt a shot within the last second+ of time in the half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this leads me to my question: this heave has no chance of scoring even if it goes through the basket. Can a player, preferably a player from the team on offense, simply touch the ball, or just straight up catch and dunk the ball despite the fact that it's clearly heading down towards the basket and would otherwise be a goaltending violation if it were a &quot;normal&quot; shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10707" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T00:36:28.667" Title="Can you goaltend a shot that won't count?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22455" CreationDate="2019-05-13T23:41:27.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything in the rules that would indicate this to be a violation.  So absent other evidence, this should be a legal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 8 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; governs the throw-in.  As long as the throw-in directly touches a player in the game, it is legal and should not be penalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 11 covers basket interference.  Except for what appear to be some editing issues, the prohibitions on touching the ball before it reaches the basket area are limited to balls that &quot;have a chance to score&quot;.  Since the throw-in does not fit this condition, there can be no basket interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T23:41:27.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22459" CreationDate="2019-05-14T01:30:56.533" Score="0" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for win and loss stats on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've browsed to the MLB website &gt; Stats &gt; Team, but I did not find win-loss stats. What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7QCgU.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7QCgU.png&quot; alt=&quot;statistics page&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T14:06:07.887" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T14:06:07.887" Title="Does the MLB website contain win-loss stats? If so, how can I examine win-loss stats on the MLB website?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22457" CreationDate="2019-05-14T11:00:28.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to click on the &quot;standings&quot; tab:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5NYhR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5NYhR.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T14:04:36.383" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T14:04:36.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22457" CreationDate="2019-05-14T11:44:18.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am look[ing] for win and loss stats on [the] MLB website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/22459&quot;&gt;already noted&lt;/a&gt;, click the &quot;Standings&quot; tab.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This contains win and loss statistics for every team for every date during a given season. You can also toggle between the wild card race, spring training standings, postseason projections (later in the season), division/league/MLB and standard/advanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/unneK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/unneK.png&quot; alt=&quot;mlb standings&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Some functionality does not work the further you go back as some features were not tracked at one time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T11:44:18.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22461" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-14T16:40:31.343" Score="1" ViewCount="934" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the ice hockey world championship, the best player of each team receives a gift - it seems like it is a watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious - what kind of watch is it (brand / model)?&#xA;Since one of sponsors is Tissot, I guess that might be the brand but I cannot find a model.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17294" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-15T05:24:43.280" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:20:47.740" Title="Which watches are given as gifts to ice hockey players in the world cup?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22463" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-15T04:44:57.990" Score="3" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are the lineups of both sides submitted without knowledge of the opposing lineup? If not, which team submits its lineup first? Can the lineups be modified once submitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17296" LastEditorUserId="17296" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T03:32:13.650" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T13:04:05.433" Title="Before each session in the Ryder Cup, is either captain aware of the opposing team's lineup for that session?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22463" CreationDate="2019-05-15T05:38:48.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The teams of twelve are largely determined by a ranked list system, and completed by a captain's pick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players eligible for the USA team earn points from certain competitions on the pro circuits, and the top eight players as of the end of the last tournament that awards points are automatically selected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players eligible for the European team earn points at corresponding competitions in a similar way. The top four players on the European list are automatically selected, followed by the top four players on the World list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the remaining four spots are picked by the captain of the team, in whatever manner they may have determined or otherwise been instructed to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T05:38:48.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22466" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22471" CreationDate="2019-05-15T11:06:09.340" Score="5" ViewCount="382" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the time of this question, there are talks that Manchester City may be banned from the UEFA Champions League 2019-20 competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a top-four English Premier League team is banned, who takes the vacant slot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14874" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T05:18:34.887" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T05:19:39.377" Title="If an English qualified team is banned from the champions league, who takes over the vacant spot?" Tags="|football|uefa|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22463" CreationDate="2019-05-15T13:11:09.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are the lineups of both sides submitted without knowledge of the opposing lineup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though I cannot confirm, I'd imagine so. Otherwise, there is a possibility of tampering with the lineups to gain competitive advantages. The following quote (also found below) alludes to strategy being used when a team sets their lineup, and the captains only have knowledge of the other's lineup after the lineups are submitted when they are announced (if not shortly before announcement). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you send out your strongest&#xA;  players first? Or hold them off in anticipation of The Ryder Cup&#xA;  coming down to one of the final matches? Captain Bjørn and Captain&#xA;  Furyk will assess the scoreboard, and their team, before setting the&#xA;  order in which their 12 players will be sent out. After cementing&#xA;  their respective line-ups, the captains will reveal who will face-off&#xA;  in the final session of The 2018 Ryder Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If not, which team submits its lineup first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rydercup.com/news-media/europe/when-are-pairings-announced-ryder-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ryder Cup themselves&lt;/a&gt;, the captains have a window of time to submit their lineups. It is not clear whether one team is required to submit their lineup before the other team, but a team is required to submit their lineup before a specified time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below are the deadlines for submitting pairings during the 2018 Ryder Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Friday, September 28&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12:35- 13:05:&lt;/strong&gt; Afternoon pairings submitted - As the opening session&#xA;  draws to a close, both Captain Bjørn and Captain Furyk will have a&#xA;  short window of time to make any necessary adjustments before they set&#xA;  their line-up for the afternoon foursomes matches, which is an&#xA;  alternate-shot format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One hour after play:&lt;/strong&gt; Saturday morning pairings submitted: Following&#xA;  the conclusion of Day One, both captains will have time to consult&#xA;  with their Vice-Captains and their players before they are required to&#xA;  submit the pairings for Saturday morning’s fourball matches no more&#xA;  than one hour after the second session is completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Saturday, September 29&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12:35- 13:05:&lt;/strong&gt; Afternoon pairings submitted - With the point totals&#xA;  beginning to add up, each captain will have a better sense of how his&#xA;  players are faring, and the submission of Saturday afternoon’s&#xA;  foursome pairings offer Captain Bjørn one final chance to send out the&#xA;  strongest two-man teams, as well as rest key players before all 12&#xA;  compete in the Sunday singles matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One hour after play:&lt;/strong&gt; Decision time. Do you send out your strongest&#xA;  players first? Or hold them off in anticipation of The Ryder Cup&#xA;  coming down to one of the final matches? Captain Bjørn and Captain&#xA;  Furyk will assess the scoreboard, and their team, before setting the&#xA;  order in which their 12 players will be sent out. After cementing&#xA;  their respective line-ups, the captains will reveal who will face-off&#xA;  in the final session of The 2018 Ryder Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can the lineups be modified once submitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd imagine not. The following quote (also found above) alludes that lineups are final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After &lt;strong&gt;cementing&lt;/strong&gt; their respective line-ups, the captains will reveal who will face-off in the final session of The 2018 Ryder Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T12:28:57.900" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T12:28:57.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22466" CreationDate="2019-05-16T05:07:57.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams of the English Premier League can earn a maximum of five places between them in the UEFA Champions League, and a maximum of seven places in all European continental competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those places are allocated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Winner of UCL 18-19, if any&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Winner of UEL 18-19, if any&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPL 18-19 #1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPL 18-19 #2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPL 18-19 #3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPL 18-19 #4 (gets dropped to UEL 19-20 if all five previous places are allocated already)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus for UCL 19-20, the allocation is currently held by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; Tottenham Hotspur&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; Chelsea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Manchester City&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;amp; 5. Liverpool &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; Chelsea &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; Tottenham Hotspur (if not already qualified)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal (if not already qualified) (gets dropped to UEL 19-20 if placed here)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Manchester City is removed, the remaining four teams between them are allocated four places, with the UCL place doubling up, and therefore England's allocation is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception to this is with Arsenal placed fifth, as they would not otherwise qualify, leaving an unallocated place, but it would be nonsensical to give it to a team ranked lower (e.g. Manchester United in sixth) instead, therefore &lt;strong&gt;Arsenal&lt;/strong&gt; would likely go in place either way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T05:19:39.377" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T05:19:39.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22452" CreationDate="2019-05-16T12:09:05.637" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes, this is legal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No, it's not a maul (and it wouldn't matter if it were).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tackle?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The requirements that you've listed are the conditions under which an &lt;em&gt;attempted tackle&lt;/em&gt; becomes a &lt;em&gt;completed tackle&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you attempt to tackle someone, you're required to do so safely but it's not a requirement that you do so successfully - otherwise missing a tackle would be illegal. &lt;br&gt;The rules you've listed above &lt;strong&gt;aren't there to say that it's the right way to tackle&lt;/strong&gt;, they're there to say that when when these conditions are met then the tackle is over and a new set of rules apply to both players (ball-carrier must release the ball, tackler must release the player and roll away).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the scenario you've shown what's effectively happening is that a tackle is being attempted but &lt;strong&gt;play ends before the tackle is completed&lt;/strong&gt;. At this point, what is/isn't a tackle becomes irrelevant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Picking up a player?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Legal, provided that the tackler returns the ball-carrier to ground safely.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;edit: after taking another look at the clip, the tackler could be deemed to have broken the rules here by just throwing the player to the ground. It's a marginal case but if the ref thought it was fine, then it was fine&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not a maul?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As you've listed above, a maul &quot;consists of a ball-carrier and at least one player from each team&quot;. As there's no other player from the ball-carriers team then this can't be a maul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ref can't really call maul instantly, as all players must be bound together (rather than just holding) the ref will allow some time for it to be established that players are firmly bound.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sideways movement of a maul isn't illegal, but there must also be forward movement. The ball carrying team will be given time to remedy this, and failing that be given time to play the ball.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If this had been a maul, it's completely legal for a defending team to push a maul into touch. Once this happens, play ends and the ball carrying team is deemed to have taken the ball into touch.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see from points 1 &amp;amp; 2 that carrying a player in to touch generally just happens too quickly for maul rules to apply and can see from point 3 why it wouldn't matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the maul conditions make this an &quot;an illegal defence&quot;. In all these scenarios, the onus is on the ball-carrying team to keep the ball playable and they lose possession if they can't. How could it be an illegal defence if it's the other team that's breaking the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6161" LastEditorUserId="6161" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T12:18:15.523" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T12:18:15.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17509" CreationDate="2019-05-16T13:00:10.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I also sometimes wondered this - especially when you see their drained faces stumbling to the scale and they you hear they're 0.5 pound under. You would think they'd die for that 0.5 pound glass of water...But you need to consider following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Altho scales in the backstage are calibrated to fix the official scale, you never know..&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If they'd allow themselves that glass of water just to realize that it put them over the limit, &lt;strong&gt;they get to either give up 30% of their purse to the opponent or get another hour or two to lose that weight. It would cut their recovery time by those hours.&lt;/strong&gt; That's why they rather give themselves that half a pound reserve (if their body allows them to)..&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17305" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T13:00:10.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22477" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-16T16:51:35.840" Score="2" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a youth game with bases loaded and two outs a ground ball was hit to the pitcher, who made a throw to third base. The throw was low and the third baseman did not field the ball cleanly, so the runner was initially called safe. On appeal he was called out by league rule forbidding head first slides into bases (which he had violated). However, the run remained on the board. Should this have been a force out and the run removed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T17:45:39.773" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T12:02:25.377" Title="Can an out be considered a force out if it was called for an illegal (diving) slide and the runner was forced to reach the base?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21257" CreationDate="2019-05-16T17:29:51.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Admittedly I'm more familiar with baseball than softball, but for a situation like this, I think the statistical rules are the same. That said, there are a couple of possibilities for the scoring here, and that is with the assumption that no error has been charged to a fielder; i.e. that the throw home was accurate, but the runner from 3rd simply touched home before the tag was applied:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hit and RBI: In the opinion of the scorer, the batter would have reached first with normal effort by the defense if the defense had attempted to make the out at first instead of attempting to get the out at home.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fielder's choice and RBI: In the opinion of the scorer, the batter would have been out at first with normal effort by the defense if they had attempted that play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the assumption that no error is made is incorrect, that introduces more possibilities that I won't enumerate here, although a hit will probably not be awarded and an RBI is doubtful also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T17:29:51.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22477" CreationDate="2019-05-17T01:24:32.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say yes. If the illegal slide had been made before the run was scored, then the third out was made at that point and the half-inning was retired, without the run scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only way it would count is if both the run scored and the hitter had safely reached first base, before the out at third was made, but that sounds rather unlikely. For more on this see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/5552/does-a-run-score-if-the-batter-is-tagged-for-the-3rd-out-before-he-reaches-first&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T01:24:32.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22482" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-17T19:07:32.700" Score="-1" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the song name which is played after Finland scores goal in IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship 2019 in Slovakia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17314" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T09:20:15.383" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T17:28:40.170" Title="Finland goal song at IIHF WM 2019" Tags="|ice-hockey|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22483" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-17T19:56:44.507" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two attempts at a run out whilst batsmen are running. The first attempt is not out but leaves one of the bails on the stumps - the other on the ground. Taking another run the second run out attempt at the same end with only the one bail in place is made but can this be given out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17315" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T00:55:17.750" Title="Run out in cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22410" CreationDate="2019-05-17T20:13:05.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main reason is because there are strict rules on the racket's composition, mostly on the rubber sheets themselves.  While I have never seen this particular rule used as a player or an umpire, I believe it needs to exist to give each player the right to inspect the other player's racket and present any suspicious equipment to the umpire for further examination, and possibly disqualification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only are the rubber sheets and rackets themselves subject to limitations of various sorts, even the glue which holds the rubber on the racket can be declared illegal.  While a certain method called &quot;speed glue&quot; was used during the years after I was active gave the users an unfair advantage of some kind, and/or possibly a danger (fumes/flammability, etc.) it was outlawed fairly quickly after its introduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is generally the umpire's responsibility to inspect the equipment before matches, players still have the right to know what their opponent is using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T20:13:05.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22483" CreationDate="2019-05-18T00:55:17.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it can be out, and the bail is not even necessary. Law 29, &lt;em&gt;The Wicket is Down&lt;/em&gt; is clear on this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.2 One bail off&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one bail is off, it shall be sufficient for the purpose of putting the wicket down to remove the remaining bail or to strike or pull any of the three stumps out of the ground, in any of the ways stated in 29.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T00:55:17.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22488" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-19T04:03:43.617" Score="3" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2019 Preakness Stakes, jockey John Velazquez fell off his horse Bodexpress at the start of the race, but Bodexpress continued to finish the race.  Officially Bodexpress received a &quot;DNF&quot; (Did Not Finish) because the rule is that a horse cannot finish without a jockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But has there ever been a race in which a horse without a jockey was the first to cross the finish line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T03:10:11.140" Title="Has a horse ever crossed the finish line first without a jockey?" Tags="|horse-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22488" CreationDate="2019-05-20T03:10:11.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/palio-horse-race-siena-film&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luigi Bruschelli has won 13 palios since 1996, one of which his horse finished first without him&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T03:10:11.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22451" CreationDate="2019-05-20T14:59:01.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When judging  a run out the best position is viewed as being level with the popping crease and in position to see the wickets being broken as well, at the end the ball is being thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now lots of umpires including me suggest that at times a better view is gained by being at a 45 degree angle with the batsmen running towards you and the line.  This is best used when you don't have time to get to the square position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An important factor in position is that the human eyes have poor image stabalisation and so you will always be best standing eyes still and level to make the decision&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T14:59:01.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22500" CreationDate="2019-05-20T17:02:45.993" Score="4" ViewCount="408" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ZTx9FMvbpxI?t=13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; (should start at 13 seconds), the goalkeeper releases the ball, involuntarily aiming it towards his own goal. Would he be allowed to save it using his hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/02/playing-the-ball-in-the-goalkeepers-possession&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in this article on USSoccer.com&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Parrying&quot; occurs when the goalkeeper controls the ball with the hands by pushing it to an area where it can be played later. By parrying the ball, the goalkeeper has done two things simultaneously:  (1) established control and (2) given up possession. The ball is now free for all to play and the goalkeeper may not play it again with the hands. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to me to indicate that the goalie could not handle the ball, is this correct? On top of that would he be sent off for DOGSO ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13128" LastEditorUserId="13128" LastEditDate="2019-06-08T16:23:35.187" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T16:23:35.187" Title="Can the goalkeeper release the ball at their own goal, then save it from going in?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22499" CreationDate="2019-05-20T17:29:08.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's correct. Handling the ball a 2nd time with no other player touching it would lead to an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/fouls-and-misconduct-2018/chapters/indirect-free-kick-2018&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty&#xA;  area, commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  touches the ball with the hands after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;releasing it and before it has touched another player &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T17:29:08.830" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-20T18:20:41.100" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm in the middle of a training regimen for my 5th Ironman race (Race is in September).  Based on family commitments, I'll be traveling for about 3 weeks in August to locations that make cycling prohibitively difficult for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transporting one of my bikes would be prohibitively expensive, as would buying one while I'm there.  I looked into rental and stationary options, and while they might work for the shorter workouts, finding bikes that would simulate race conditions well enough (e.g. cleats, aero bars, etc) doesn't look like it's in the cards.  So at a time when I should be peaking my rides at 5-6 hours of riding in the longest workouts, I'm simply not going to be able to. I worry that using a conventional bike or stationary bike would possibly do more harm than good, overtraining my quads and undertraining my glutes, hams, and back.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other options am I missing for at least maintaining my riding form and fitness during this critical time?  I will likely have only about 2-3 weeks of peak training left after returning before I should start tapering for the race.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17329" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T18:20:41.100" Title="How to handle missed workouts before a race?" Tags="|triathlon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18807" CreationDate="2019-05-20T19:11:37.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems the term &quot;three true outcomes&quot; goes back to humorous discussions on Usenet boards in the mid-1990's (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sabr.org/research/growth-three-true-outcomes-usenet-joke-baseball-flashpoint&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://sabr.org/research/growth-three-true-outcomes-usenet-joke-baseball-flashpoint&lt;/a&gt;). The website &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Three_True_Outcomes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball-reference.com attributes&lt;/a&gt; the first use of the term to Christina Kahrl in discussions about Rob Deer and his high propensity to have his plate appearances end with a walk, strike out, or home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In what I've read and heard via several sources through the years, the &quot;true&quot; has always been explained as indicating that the three results in discussion are the only true outcomes of the confrontation between the pitcher and hitter, unaffected by the defense behind the pitcher. (And yes, it ignores park factors like close vs. far fences, defenders catching balls that would otherwise go over the fence, and defensive misplays leading to inside-the-park home runs.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T19:11:37.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22513" CreationDate="2019-05-22T07:07:35.877" Score="2" ViewCount="556" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, in volleyball they use set quotient or points quotient as tie-breakers. They are simply the result of sets/points won divided by sets/points lost. But what if sets/points lost is &lt;code&gt;0&lt;/code&gt;? What is the conventional value that is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14472" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T23:20:01.037" Title="In a ranking system, what value is conventional for scores/set/points quotient when the divisor is 0?" Tags="|ranking|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-22T10:00:56.210" Score="1" ViewCount="671" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had a weird call overturned after a play in a little league game 9-10 years old, Cal Ripken rules.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We had a runner score a run, everything seemed normal.  The pitcher got the ball back, our on deck person walking up to plate, when someone shouts out he never touched home.  Manager walks out to the umpire and after quite sometime he yells out tag home, the pitcher tags home and the umpire calls the out.  Is this part of the rules.  I believed if the umpire didn't see if the runner crossed the plate or not, it couldn't be overturned.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any clarification on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17340" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T19:16:23.433" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T20:03:25.500" Title="Can an umpire overturn a call in little league?" Tags="|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10501" CreationDate="2019-05-22T16:41:49.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Damp weather means the pitch is more likely to be visibly green. That implies the grass on it is alive, and its cells are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;turgid&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;That&lt;/em&gt; means the position of the stalks and leaves of the grass, which is essentially random, is more likely to affect the bounce of the ball, and the traction that the seam gets on the ground. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overall effect is that the bounce and movement of the ball vary more from delivery to delivery. This is most obvious with seam bowling, but can also affect the bounce of swing bowling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12477" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T16:41:49.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22508" CreationDate="2019-05-22T21:14:50.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the unlikely event two or more teams actually conceded no points there is no mathematical solution. &lt;strong&gt;The quotient will not be calculated&lt;/strong&gt;, simply because it's not possible. The team(s) involved will just be ranked highest of the tied teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quotients involving dividing by zero:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One team = this team will be ranked higher than the other tied teams; it &quot;wins&quot; the tie breaker&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two or more = The number of scored points will be used as a tie breaker between those teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there's still a tie it will depend on the league how to break it&#xA;(often only the matches between the teams involved will be taken into account to create a new mini table)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T21:14:50.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22508" CreationDate="2019-05-22T23:20:01.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball at least, this is shown as &quot;Max&quot; and means the team wins the tie-breaker over any other tied teams. For example, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://japan2018.fivb.com/en/results-and-ranking/round1#anchorD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pool D of the FIVB Women's World Championship 2018&lt;/a&gt;: Serbia won 15 sets and lost none, giving them a sets ratio of &quot;Max&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside: in the very common case of a full round-robin, any team with a set ratio of &quot;Max&quot; is always going to have more wins than any other team; the team with a set ratio of &quot;Max&quot; must have won all its matches, so every other team must have lost a match - therefore the tie-breaker won't be used anyway. In some odd cases where you don't play a full round-robin, the tie-breaker might be relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T23:20:01.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22399" CreationDate="2019-05-23T07:23:28.837" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Flicker Ball is just a variation or technique use by bowler to distract the batsman. Bowl did't spin much after pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16864" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T07:23:28.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22410" CreationDate="2019-05-23T08:52:21.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To know what the opponent plays with is the most common reason. It happens that a player will never use one of their rubbers during warmup and hope that the other player doesn't notice it until the first points. Can be surprising if the rubber is &quot;unusual&quot;: pips, antispin, etc. &#xA;It also allows you to get to know the different brands and types of rubbers if you are interested in that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies to the blade: if you see an All- or an Off+ the difference is huge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regulations do come into play but should be enforced by the umpire and referees when you have some. Since players don't usually go around with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/05/LARC-2019A-FINAL.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Authorized Racket Coverings&lt;/a&gt;, they will mostly look for missing parts of rubbers or more blatant misbehaves (I've seen a player trying to play with 2 red rubbers once).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list of authorized blades doesn't exist, hence you can play with virtually anything made out of wood, as long as your rubbers are authorized and cover all the blade, which means that theoretically you can have a racket as big as the table, whereas in tennis and badminton the racket size is limited, so it really depends of what you call &quot;stricter&quot;. Also worth noting: you can play with only one rubber if you want, and win the Olympic Games this way if you are Ryu Seung-min.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17345" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T08:52:21.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-23T09:06:04.733" Score="3" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/22410/why-do-table-tennis-players-inspect-each-others-rackets&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; I started looking for evidence that rackets in tennis were checked by officials, at least on the ATP tour, but couldn't find some. I was able to find the regulations for racket size but couldn't find when they should be checked. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the question: &lt;strong&gt;Is there any evidence that rackets are checked by officials before tennis matches?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Official ruling stating that they should would be great, but any proof such as &quot;this player got removed because his racket wasn't legal&quot; would also do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17345" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T18:01:12.683" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T18:01:12.683" Title="Are tennis rackets checked by officials before matches?" Tags="|rules|officiating|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22523" CreationDate="2019-05-23T10:37:04.743" Score="1" ViewCount="3017" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, I'm wondering how home teams are awarded winning runs. If the visiting team in, say, Inning 10, plates 5 runs, then the home team has the bottom of that inning to match or exceed this number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if this scenario occurs: game is tied in the 10th with the home team up to bat. 1 runner is on base, and the batter launches a home run over the fence. The game is clearly over via a &quot;walk-off&quot; at this point, but since the home team doesn't &quot;need&quot; 2 runs to win (remember, it's tied), are they only awarded the 1 run from the on-base runner? Or are they given a 2-run win? If it's the former, is the batter then only awarded a single RBI for his stats, thus &quot;robbing&quot; him of the extra RBI (in this case, himself)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TL;DR: can the home team in an extra-inning baseball game &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; win said game by more than 1 run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16160" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T15:41:08.487" Title="Can the home team win an extra-inning baseball game by more than 1 run?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22520" CreationDate="2019-05-23T11:20:07.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the home team certainly can win by more than one run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an example, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/boxscore?gameId=401075232&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Royals vs Tigers on 2019-05-05&lt;/a&gt;: the score was tied at 2 after nine innings, the Royals didn't score in the top of the tenth, but then in the bottom of the 9th &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espn.com/mlb/player/_/id/33911&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brandon Dixon&lt;/a&gt; hit a three-run home to win the game 5-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T11:20:07.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9206" CreationDate="2019-05-23T15:05:59.353" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a wicket no matter how high the ball goes, if it hits the stumps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17349" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T15:05:59.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22520" CreationDate="2019-05-23T15:41:08.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baseball-almanac.com/rulechng.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Almanac&lt;/a&gt; prior to 1920 this was not possible.  In fact, if a runner was on base, the batter would not be given credit for a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is now explicitly allowed in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While 7.01(g)(3) states that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... the game ends immediately when the winning run is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it also lists the exception for home runs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: If the last batter in a game hits a home run out of the&#xA;  playing field, the batter-runner and all runners on base are permitted&#xA;  to score...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with runners on base, a home team can win in the bottom of the ninth or later by up to 4 runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T15:41:08.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22526" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-24T07:05:17.527" Score="0" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/adamlebarr/status/1131373692322234369&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/adamlebarr/status/1131373692322234369&lt;/a&gt;, regarding the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship (BKFC) 6 event on 2019-06-22:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6aCku.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6aCku.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the point of using the gloves that leave the knuckles exposed that the Florida State Boxing Commission is imposing for bare-knuckle boxing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-05-24T13:47:33.720" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T13:47:33.720" Title="What is the point of using the gloves that leave the knuckles exposed that the Florida State Boxing Commission is imposing for bare-knuckle boxing?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16117" CreationDate="2019-05-24T18:16:58.950" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s a spin move for right hander  to throw to third and natural step and throw to first. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17357" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T18:16:58.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20367" CreationDate="2019-05-24T21:49:54.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;They should be equal if odds were fair and if both markets apply to the same principle with respect to overtime rules. Usually handicap markets include overtime while margin of victory not (you may find a selection of draw there).&#xA;Additionally bookmakers apply margin to odds, so there might be a case where handicap is offered in x margin and winning margin in y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17295" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T21:49:54.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-25T11:16:40.220" Score="2" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you have to putt out on every hole in a bogey competition even when you are over par on a hole ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17363" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T08:08:16.613" LastActivityDate="2021-08-11T15:25:07.737" Title="Putting out on every hole in a bogey competition" Tags="|rules|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22482" CreationDate="2019-05-25T17:28:40.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's called Peto on Irti by VilleGalle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svb8hBO52MY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svb8hBO52MY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17365" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T17:28:40.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22543" CreationDate="2019-05-27T04:19:03.260" Score="2" ViewCount="3684" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just watching a clip of Bart Starr's game-winning quarterback sneak in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_NFL_Championship_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ice Bowl&lt;/a&gt;.  One thing I noticed is that the goal post stanchion is inside the end zone, not behind the end zone as it is nowadays.  That must have been interesting back then, with receivers and defensive backs possibly colliding with the stanchion if they weren't paying attention, or receivers using the stanchion as a screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, when did the NFL move the stanchion outside of the end zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NPrHF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NPrHF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-27T08:44:46.030" LastActivityDate="2020-02-08T20:54:30.823" Title="When did the NFL move the stanchion out of the end zone?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22538" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-27T07:58:47.187" Score="0" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;As to my knowledge, there're 3 categories before a player gets into the national team. Those are, First Class, List A and t20s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, where would the runs of a player who scores for an A team (both the 4/5 days of test match, ODIs and the t20s) of his country goes into?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they respectively fall under First Class, List A and t20s? Like the domestic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone could shed in some light on this, would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T09:46:29.093" Title="Where does a player's runs scored under his country's A team goes to?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12052" CreationDate="2019-05-27T09:34:15.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to the cleats on the footboll (soccer) players' shoes, it's generally up to the referee to decide whether they are approved or not. You will not get any help from within the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/files/document-category/062019/frRhKJNjSBAtiyt.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB (FIFA) - Laws of the Game 2019/20&lt;/a&gt;:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 04 The Players' Equipment  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Safety&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2) Compulsory equipment&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  footwear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soccer4life.org/laws_game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Modifications by US Youth Soccer&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 4: Player's Equipment&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Cleats are recommended but not required.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  No baseball cleats with a “toe cleat” or metal spikes are allowed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/are-baseball-cleats-allowed/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an answer by USSF in Ask A Soccer Referee&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;USSF answer (March 26, 2008)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It is illegal to play soccer in football or baseball cleats of the traditional sort with toe cleats, even if the toe cleats are cut off. There is no documentation on this, other than the requirement that players’ equipment must be safe for them and all participants. Traditional football and baseball cleats are unsafe and not permitted in soccer games. In any event, the final decision rests on the opinion of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-22T15:17:58.797" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T15:17:58.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22538" CreationDate="2019-05-27T09:46:29.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. First Class cricket is for Tests played in Domestic, International and A team matches.&#xA;Likewise for List A in ODIs and T20 for T20s.&#xA;You can refer the stats of Virat Kohli here just to get an idea. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/253802.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Virat Kohli Stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T09:46:29.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22537" CreationDate="2019-05-27T13:09:26.293" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the NFL began in 1920, the goal posts were on the goal line. In addition, the goal posts were shaped like an H with two stanchions also located directly on the goal line. The NCAA moved the goal posts to the back of the end zone in 1927 and the NFL did the same, as they were using the NCAA rule book at the time. In 1933, the NFL started writing their own rule book and returned the goal posts to the goal line in order to encourage more field goals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1967, the “slingshot” shaped goal posts were invented, with only one stanchion located further behind the goal post uprights. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1974, the NFL decided to move the goal posts to the back of the end zone once again, with the lone stanchion behind that, in an attempt to encourage more touchdowns and fewer field goals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_goal#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Field Goal: History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sports Illustrated: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/mmqb/2017/06/21/history-nfl-goal-posts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;“The History of NFL Goal Posts: Excitement And Danger”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T16:47:46.977" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T16:47:46.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3716" CreationDate="2019-05-27T20:13:00.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this gets trickier in high school.  A missed field goal is treated as a punt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my senior year in high school, I began punting, but was already an accomplished placekicker.  I averaged 30 yards from scrimmage on my punts.  As a placekicker, I would kick the ball from 50 to 55 yards, and sometimes 60 yards, on the fly from the point of the kick, which meant that I could placekick the ball 43 to 53 yards from the scrimmage line (because a placekick is teed up 7 yards behind the line of scrimmage).  And that doesn't count any potential roll if it is not caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the ball on the 48, we tried a 65-yard field goal, and the ball landed 2 yards in front of the goal posts.  The other team got the ball on the 20, so we had a 28 yard net gain, about the same if I had punted, plus we had the possible advantage that we would have gotten 3 points if it had gone another 4 or 5 yards.    Had the ball been it been on the 20, it would have carried from our own 13-yard line all the way to the 20 - 55 yards, assuming it was caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Covering a field goal attempt is harder from field goal formation.  My solution would be to simply kick the ball out of bounds every time we weren't in field goal range.  We still would have netted 40 yards a kick, and no returns, because it's far easier to placekick accurately out of bounds than to punt to a location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the ball on the 2, there is no need for punter to be backed up against the end line.  The tee would be placed 5 yards deep in the end zone, and the kicker would have plenty of room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure why high school teams with good kickers don't do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17370" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T20:13:00.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22548" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-28T13:37:03.840" Score="0" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there intergender wrestling at the college level? Who usually wins, men or women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17346" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T18:50:04.723" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T18:50:04.723" Title="Is there Intergender wrestling at the college level?" Tags="|collegiate|gender|wrestling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22550" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-28T18:55:37.157" Score="0" ViewCount="2141" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has it ever happened that a player in the MLB ever won the AL or NL MVP award but didn't get elected as an All-Star that year? If so then how often does it happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they didn't go to the game because of an injury or they just didn't want to that doesn't count, it has to be that they didn't get elected because the voters didn't think that they are as good as the other options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T19:24:50.063" Title="Has an MLB player ever won an MVP award without going to that year's All-Star game?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-28T18:59:47.817" Score="0" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB has awards for each league, such as AL MVP and NL MVP, or AL Cy Young and NL Cy Young, but why is there no MLB MVP or MLB Cy Young, for the best out of both leagues (in a similar way to the NFL's MVP award)? What is the logic behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T13:01:45.180" Title="Why does the MLB not have awards such as MVP and Cy Young for both AL and NL together?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22550" CreationDate="2019-05-28T19:09:49.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Has an MLB player ever won an MVP award without going to that year's All-Star game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the 1994 strike-shortened season (inclusive), the following have accomplished this feat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_2007.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; - Jimmy Rollins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_2006.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; - Justin Morneau&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1999.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; - Chipper Jones&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1996.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/a&gt; - Juan Gonzalez&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;how often does it happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistically, 4 out of 52 MVPs between 1994-2018 have not made the All-Star Game during their respective MVP season. This comes out to 7.7%. Suffice to say, eventual MVPs infrequently do not get selected to that season's All-Star Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T19:24:50.063" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T19:24:50.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9202" CreationDate="2019-05-29T03:42:03.360" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;May 28, 2019 Alex Colome, of the White Sox,  got a win in the first game of a double header and the save in the second:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHA/CHA201905270.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game 1&lt;/a&gt;, suspended from May 27 and completed on May 28.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CHA/CHA201905280.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game 2&lt;/a&gt;, the regularly scheduled game for May 28.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17380" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-07T07:42:03.790" LastActivityDate="2023-07-07T07:42:03.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22554" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22555" CreationDate="2019-05-29T08:39:44.087" Score="4" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since all other teams in the UEFA finals except Arsenal have been qualified for the Champions League next year.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Will Arsenal (if they win the UEFA Europa League final) replace Tottenham or Chelsea for a place in the Champions League next year or will there (in that case) instead be five English teams in the Champions League next year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Premier League 2018-19 Final Standing&#xA;    1 Man City      Champions League&#xA;    2 Liverpool     Champions League&#xA;    3 Chelsea       Champions League&#xA;    4 Tottenham     Champions League&#xA;    5 Arsenal       Europa League&#xA;    6 Man United    Europa League Qualifying&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17381" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T08:55:07.507" Title="If Arsenal wins the 2019 UEFA Europa League final, which teams will represent England in the Champions League next year?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|qualifying|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22554" CreationDate="2019-05-29T08:55:07.507" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English Premier League is guaranteed at least four, and may earn a total of five, places at the next Champions League group stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are assigned in the following priority order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The previous Champions League winner&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The previous Europa League winner&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first-place team in the Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second-place team in the Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third-place team in the Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fourth-place team in the Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these are all six distinct teams, the last team in order is dropped to the next Europa League group stage, and there are additional flow-on effects depending on the winners of the English Football League and the FA Cup, and whether they are placed in the top of the Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T08:55:07.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22551" CreationDate="2019-05-29T12:05:03.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically, the National League and American League have been separate entities where the only interleague action was the World Series. Indeed, a very long time ago, they were rival leagues. As such, they've had individual league presidents and umpires for the longest time and have only relatively recently merged those high level operations. And, of course, part of that is that each league had it's own set of awards. Unlike the umpires or league offices, there's also no desire to merge the awards (plus the union would object to half the bonuses available). This doesn't even count that the American  League has the designated hitter as a differing rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T12:05:03.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22558" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-30T02:27:38.097" Score="0" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;In today’s Nats/Braves game (5/29/19), the Nat’s pitcher came up in the top of the first. Could the Nats have put in a pinch hitter for the pitcher and still used him in the bottom of the inning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17385" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T07:19:47.083" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T07:19:47.083" Title="Pinch hitter for pitcher" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22558" CreationDate="2019-05-30T02:53:32.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pinch hitter is a batter used as a substitute for another batter. A pinch hitter only comes into the game when the batter whose turn he is taking is due to bat. At that time, he is &amp;quot;announced into the game&amp;quot;; the batter which he replaced is out of the game for good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This clearly states that the batter replaced can not come back into the game, although they may pitch for that team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T02:53:32.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22567" CreationDate="2019-05-31T20:34:06.523" Score="6" ViewCount="2001" Body="&lt;p&gt;In European football, in Paris-Saint-Germain for instance, or other Nike teams in general, and often in lots of european clubs, there are two types of jersey that are sold:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &quot;classic&quot; jersey, at 85€&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &quot;match&quot; jersey, at 140€&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is clear that the PSG players don't wear in match the jersey at 85€ but do they wear the same jerseys that are sold at 140€? Or do they wear another one that is not sold and that could, for example, be ligther, more resistant or better in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17394" LastActivityDate="2019-10-07T08:46:12.037" Title="In football, do player wear the same jerseys that are sold to spectators?" Tags="|football|uniform|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22565" CreationDate="2019-06-01T01:27:20.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.soccer.com/guide/authentic-vs-replica-do-you-know-the-difference/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soccer.com&lt;/a&gt; article, on-field (authentic) jerseys are different then that sold to spectators (replica).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nike calls their authentic jerseys Vapor Match to note the technology that goes into what the pros wear on game day. They cost $164.99. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Vapor Match, worn by the likes of FC Barcelona, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paris Saint-Germain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, Chelsea and others is slim fit, made to it your natural body shape and stretch in every direction. The badges are heat pressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Nike replica, called stadium as that’s where you wear it, is also stylish and street-ready. These models cost $89.99. They has Dri-FIT technology and Nike Breath Fabric to keep you cool and comfortable. The badges are sewn-on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also differentiate between authentic and replica jerseys of Adidas and Puma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T03:23:48.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22576" CreationDate="2019-06-01T17:54:58.210" Score="5" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I personally think this is one of the most confusing aspects of the Laws of the Game. In particular, I'm referring to these two paragraphs (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/31/section/89/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11.4&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Defending players off the field of play)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A defending player who leaves the field of play without the referee’s&#xA;  permission shall be considered to be on the goal line or touchline for&#xA;  the purposes of offside until the next stoppage in play or until the&#xA;  defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is&#xA;  outside its penalty area. If the player left the field of play&#xA;  deliberately, the player must be cautioned when the ball is next out&#xA;  of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Attacking players off the field of play)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An attacking player may step or stay off the field of play not to be&#xA;  involved in active play. If the player re-enters from the goal line&#xA;  and becomes involved in play before the next stoppage in play or the&#xA;  defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is&#xA;  outside its penalty area, the player shall be considered to be&#xA;  positioned on the goal line for the purposes of offside. A player who&#xA;  deliberately leaves the field of play and re-enters without the&#xA;  referee’s permission and is not penalised for offside and gains an&#xA;  advantage must be cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I actually have the same two questions for both paragraphs, so they're technically &lt;em&gt;four&lt;/em&gt; questions (just in case one or both of these questions have different answers depending on whether we're talking about defending or attacking players being off the field of play):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;is a defending/attacking player still considered to be on a boundary line even after he has re-entered the field of play?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This first question stems from the fact that neither paragraph says that re-entering the field of play actually stops this virtual-repositioning-on-the-boundary-lines that otherwise happens for the purposes of offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm especially curious about this for what concerns attacking players, as this seems to imply that an attacking players who had stepped off the field of play and then got back will still be considered to be a &quot;ghost player&quot; in offside position even if five minutes pass and the ball has been kicked around multiple times, as long as play never stopped, and the ball never left the penalty area while being kicked towards the halfway line.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;do these paragraphs apply to defending/attacking players who leave the field of play as part of a playing movement as well?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This second question stems from the fact that both paragraphs seem to be about very specific situations, as the first one is about players leaving the field of play without the referee's permission, while the second one is about attacking players leaving for the purposes of not being involved in active play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I understand that if a player leaves the field of play with the referee's permission, e.g. because of an injury, it's only natural that he shouldn't be considered for the purposes of offside anymore, Law 11 never touches the important situation of a player leaving the field of play as part of a playing movement as per &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/23/section/41/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.8&lt;/a&gt;, so that I'm unsure about what the referee should do when e.g. an attacking player temporarily leaves the field of play to go past an opponent, or when e.g. a defending player accidentally steps behind their own goal line while defending their goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-03-13T10:33:45.233" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T10:33:45.233" Title="In football, how should the referee deal with possible offside situations involving attacking/defending players off the field of play?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22571" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-01T23:45:28.003" Score="4" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m in high school football, currently playing as a wide receiver and corner. I was wondering what is an easy way to memorize plays. I have such a hard time doing this when the coaches end up calling the play or when they signal it with their hands. I really need help on how to memorize and get used to this tactic they use with their hands in order to be successful. Can someone help me with this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17401" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-06-03T08:28:29.290" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T14:18:37.930" Title="How do I memorize hand signals faster being called out as a play during football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-02T03:54:42.683" Score="2" ViewCount="3448" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the regular season, a lot of scoring techniques are used to maintain a good ppg average. Throughout all of the games I have watched, I have seed a lot of different layups, and their use. Many players use a floater to effectively score points, but on other plays, a seemingly  identical layup is named differently. This happens to  the tear drop, the floater, and the runner. What is the difference between these three, and what are key factors that distinguish them from the others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T22:00:38.843" Title="What is the difference between a runner, a floater, and a tear drop?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-02T22:20:23.993" Score="-3" ViewCount="519" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batted ball hits fair between home and third, bounces into the air and is caught while over foul territory in the air without ever touching foul territory and the player that caught it is in fair territory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17407" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-06-04T05:38:47.280" LastActivityDate="2023-07-19T07:04:24.320" Title="Foul or fair softball" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22569" CreationDate="2019-06-03T04:39:07.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two paragraphs are a little unclear, so the only way I can attempt to answer these is with an appeal to authority. I'm a qualified football referee instructor, and this answer is how I would expect a referee to interpret and apply the above two paragraphs. I must note that situations like this are extraordinarily rare, so the lack of clarity in these two paragraphs has not really caused any problems at the highest levels of football. If it did, the wording would probably be reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the case of a defending player&lt;/strong&gt;: If a defender leaves the field of play, they are taken to be on the boundary line (either touch line or goal line) at the point where they left the field of play, regardless of how/why it is done. This continues until they re-enter the field of play. Once the ball has been cleared by the defending team out of the penalty area towards halfway, the defender is taken to no longer be on the field of play and if they were the second-last or last defender, the third-last or second-last defender becomes the second-last or last defender respectively. If the defender deliberately left the field of play to attempt to put attackers offside, they are cautioned when the ball is next out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the case of an attacking player&lt;/strong&gt;: If an attacker leaves the field of play, they are taken to be on the boundary line (either touch line or goal line) at the point where they left the field of play. This continues until they re-enter the field of play. If they: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;left the field deliberately, and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;re-enter the field of play without permission, and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;subsequently gain some sort of unfair advantage, and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the referee is not able to penalise them due to an offside offence,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;they are cautioned, and play is restarted with an indirect free kick to the attacking team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball being played towards halfway etc. is effectively irrelevant here, as the order of attacking players' closeness to the goal line does not affect offside in the same way as the order of defending players' closeness to the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Examples&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An injured defender leaves the field of play over the goal line. The defender is too injured to return to the field of play and receives treatment. They are taken to be on the goal line until the ball is cleared by the defending team outside the penalty area, towards halfway.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A defender steps off the field of play over the goal line to attempt to place an attacker offside. After doing so, the defender steps back onto the field of play. They are taken to be on the goal line until they re-enter the field of play. The defender should be cautioned when the ball next goes out of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A defender momentarily moves outside the touch line as part of a playing movement. They are taken to be in the position where they left the field until they re-enter the field of play moments later.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacker steps over the goal line to show they are not active. The second last defender is two metres in front of the goal line, when the ball is played again by a second attacker. The first attacker steps back onto the field of play and plays the ball. This attacker should be penalised for offside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacker steps over the goal line to show they are not active. The second last defender is on the goal line when the ball is played again by a second attacker. The first attacker steps back onto the field of play and plays the ball. This attacker should be penalised for entering the field without permission and cautioned, as they were technically &quot;level&quot; with the second-last defender and cannot be offside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacker steps over the goal line to avoid a defender. The second last defender is on the goal line when the ball is played again by a second attacker. The first attacker steps back onto the field of play and plays the ball. The attacker should not be penalised, as they did not deliberately leave the field of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacker steps over the goal line to show they are not active. The ball rebounds around in the penalty area a number of times. The attacker is waved back onto the field by the referee. The second last defender is on the goal line when the ball is played by another attacker. The first attacker steps back onto the field of play and plays the ball. The attacker should not be penalised, as they received permission of the referee to re-enter and are not offside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2019-06-03T04:45:43.457" LastActivityDate="2019-06-03T04:45:43.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22575" CreationDate="2019-06-03T20:44:58.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For MLB rules (which I'm assuming are used unless otherwise stated), and the ball has not yet passed third base, the the only thing that matters is where the ball is first touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the stated scenario, the ball is first touched (caught) in foul territory.  The fact the defense is standing in fair territory, or that the ball last bounced in fair territory do not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ttajxpedgemiy4sx0cer.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules 2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that settles on foul territory between&#xA;  home and first base, or between home and third base, or that bounds&#xA;  past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that first&#xA;  falls on foul territory beyond first or third base, or that, &lt;strong&gt;while on&#xA;  or over foul territory, touches the person of an umpire or player&lt;/strong&gt;, or&#xA;  any object foreign to the natural ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having touched the player while over foul territory, this is a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/SR19.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Softball rules&lt;/a&gt; reuse this statement as rule 11.5.1.4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A foul ball is a legally batted ball that ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;11.5.1.4 Settles untouched on, or &lt;strong&gt;first touches/is touched by (1) a fielder or umpire&lt;/strong&gt;, (2) either of their attached equipment or clothing,&#xA;  (3) accidentally by a base runner or her equipment/clothing, or (4)&#xA;  any object foreign to the natural playing surface &lt;strong&gt;on or over foul&#xA;  territory between home plate and first base or home plate and third&#xA;  base&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;even if the batted ball&lt;/strong&gt; first rolled against the discarded bat&#xA;  (see Rule 11.12.1) or &lt;strong&gt;hit the ground in fair territory including the&#xA;  pitcher’s plate and home plate&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-06-03T20:55:36.607" LastActivityDate="2019-06-03T20:55:36.607" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22581" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-04T16:47:49.353" Score="7" ViewCount="620" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which USAV Outdoor Volleyball Rules regulate the action of receiving a serve overhand with fingers? This is a contentious topic where I play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a rule that allows double contact even when overhand with fingers on a hard-driven ball. This raises related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a fast serve considered to be a hard-driven ball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is meant by 'defensive' below?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the serve is soft/slow, then is overhand contact of a served ball with fingers legal if the contact is clean?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is FIVB the same as USAV for this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USAV Outdoor Rules as of June 2019:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ncva.com/downloads/Referee%20Rule%20Book%20-%20Outdoor.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ncva.com/downloads/Referee%20Rule%20Book%20-%20Outdoor.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.2.2.4 Extended Contacts: In defensive action of a hard-driven ball, the ball contact can be extended momentarily even if an overhand finger action is used. USAV 9.2.2.4: Plays involving finger action require special attention. If the play is defensive and reactive in nature, as in the case of a hard-driven ball, momentarily held or double-contacted balls are not considered faults...If the player decides/intends to use finger setting action to contact an off-speed attack, the contact must be “clean.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17416" LastEditorUserId="17416" LastEditDate="2023-09-26T19:49:33.793" LastActivityDate="2023-10-26T20:07:10.913" Title="Outdoor Volleyball: Is overhand contact with fingers on a serve legal?" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22582" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-05T18:19:48.073" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there is at least 5 minutes of injury time, but the team that is losing doesn't want the extra time added, what should the referee do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17420" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T10:08:11.507" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T10:08:11.507" Title="What should the referee do when a team doesn't want to play a large amount of added time?" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22582" CreationDate="2019-06-05T19:05:24.817" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What either team wants is irrelevant. Time is determined by the referee alone, and the added time exists for a reason: to make up the playing time lost by excessive stoppages. The time should be added on, and played out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sensible referee may know enough about the competition to be aware of what impact a change to the score might have, but even in the case that it has no effect on any standings, should not reduce the game just on a whim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T19:05:24.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22586" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-06T18:30:18.110" Score="2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball has been hit and has not yet touched the ground, then gets plucked from the air by a raptor (or a falcon, eagle, etc.) and dropped over the boundary, will that still score a six, or will it be a dead ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17428" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T19:09:55.673" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:38:28.927" Title="What happens to a ball if it is snatched by a bird?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22572" CreationDate="2019-06-06T22:00:38.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner, floater, and teardrop all really refer to the same type of shot. It's primarily a move used by shorter players to make shots when they are going right up into taller defenders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As long as the ball is shot at a high arc to get over the outstretched arm of the taller defender, then the shot can be called either one of the above three terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17429" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T22:00:38.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-07T04:23:06.713" Score="1" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a forfeited baseball game count as a game played. scenario is Season has not started and one of the teams dropped. The league counted all of the games as wins and scored them 1-0 for the opposing team. One of my players was suspended for 4 games last year with 2 carried over to 2019 which means he is eligible play in game 3. Our series with the team was to start last night and tonight. These two games which are forfeited should they be counted towards the 2 suspended games. Let me know your thoughts. The is american legion we follow MLB rules&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17431" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T08:16:24.363" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T08:16:24.363" Title="A forfeited game in baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|suspension|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-06-07T06:02:56.343" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18176" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:36:48.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many factors and reasons that watching a homerun ball is considered bad etiquette. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One stems from the difference in the regular behavior vs. the behavior when a homerun is hit. Baseball players are taught from a young age to not watch the ball when they hit it, but to turn and run to first base. Turning your head and watching the play invariably slows you down, making it more likely you will be thrown out. Not watching the ball is a fundamental part of the game, for competitive reasons not etiquette reasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player hits a homerun, and watches it/ slowly leaves the batters box, he is departing from fundamental baseball. This ignorance of the correct fundamentals can be perceived as showboating. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another factor to this is the batters knowledge of where the ball is going. When a batter hits the ball, he knows better than anyone how well he struck it. He sees the ball leave the bat, but also feels the contact. The pitcher, catcher, fans and umpire all have to rely on their eyes. Sometimes the pitcher knows right away, but most of the time he turns around in the hopes of an outfielder making the catch. If the batter knows its out, walking slow or watching it can inform the pitcher, aggravating the pitcher. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, the watching of a homerun being disrespectful is a catch 22 situation. The batters and pitchers know it is considered disrespectful, so when a batter does it he knows exactly what the pitchers response may be. People think it is disrespectful because hitters do it knowing that people think it is disrespectful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:36:48.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22586" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:38:28.927" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the none of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/all-laws&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; or any of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/playing-conditions&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;playing conditions for any ICC tournaments&lt;/a&gt; cover this &lt;em&gt;precise&lt;/em&gt; scenario, the playing conditions do cover the case of the ball hitting a camera suspended over the field; quoting from section 20.1.3 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/c9264750-2778-44df-949f-d1a8dfbdc402/04-Mens-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;One Day International playing conditions as of June 2019&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a match where cameras are being used on or over the field&#xA;  of play (e.g. Spidercam), should a ball that has been hit by the&#xA;  batsman make contact, while still in play, with the camera, its&#xA;  apparatus or its cable, either umpire shall call and signal ‘dead&#xA;  ball’. The ball shall not count as one of the over and no runs shall&#xA;  be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, I think it would be more than reasonable for an umpire to call dead ball in the scenario you describe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:38:28.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15163" CreationDate="2019-06-07T19:56:35.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bob Rule of Cornell University was a goalie on the NCCA champion ice hockey team as well as a goalie on the championship lacrosse team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cornellbigred.com/hof.aspx?hof=201&amp;amp;mobile=skip&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17435" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-06-08T09:22:19.827" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T09:22:19.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22598" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-09T00:27:22.170" Score="1" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;scenario: one out, runners on first and third. Fly to deep centre; fielder makes an exceptional catch for second out, and makes a huge throw to double up the runner from first who had gone too far, thinking the ball would not be caught. Is that a force play at first that negates the fact that the runner from third has crossed the plate before the out at first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17444" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T19:24:14.017" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T20:02:23.970" Title="does the run count" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2550" CreationDate="2019-06-09T05:35:04.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just want to add something about this question &quot;&lt;em&gt;Would archery have a negative effect on his health?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I concern (I'm not a doctor or specialist), if you can reduce your stress level, then it's good actually for blood circulation and also leads to a healthy heart. I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299032464_The_Effects_of_Archery_as_a_Sports_Branch_on_Coping_with_Stress&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this research paper&lt;/a&gt;, and the finding is, &quot;playing archery sports has a positive effect on coping with stress&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269914195_Biomechanics_Measurements_in_Archery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another study&lt;/a&gt; also shows that &quot;The wrong drawing technique will create muscle fatigue due to increased muscle activity&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you just need to make sure that, a proper method needs to be implemented or maybe the archery club has the qualified coach to teach the first step. If not it will also cause injury according to that research paper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow, I think the archery will promote good health if the technique being performed the right way. And I think this finding also good to read -&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318086934_PHYSICAL_PERFORMANCE_MEASURES_IN_COMPETITIVE_SENIOR_ARCHERS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318086934_PHYSICAL_PERFORMANCE_MEASURES_IN_COMPETITIVE_SENIOR_ARCHERS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, based on scientific research and in fact, your father is good to go for this kind of sports. You just need to expand the knowledge and get to know the &lt;a href=&quot;https://themodernarcher.com/archery-terminology/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;archery terminology&lt;/a&gt;. It will be useful if you really want to buy the archery stuff and also easy to understand while having a conversation with the archers at the local archery club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17140" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T05:35:04.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22598" CreationDate="2019-06-09T19:09:05.397" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run scores as this is not a force out. Instead it is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/rules-base-running/time-plays&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;time play&lt;/a&gt; - in other words, the third out (at first base in this example) must occur before the runner touches the plate to prevent the score. (The Steve the Ump web site &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stevetheump.com/scoring_runs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;addresses the situation&lt;/a&gt; specifically.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T20:02:23.970" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T20:02:23.970" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22603" CreationDate="2019-06-09T19:32:50.483" Score="4" ViewCount="682" Body="&lt;p&gt;To narrow down the scope of the question, I mean a scenario of a World Cup final where by end of the day one of the teams is declared a winner. E.g. there's a team scoring more goals during normal time, team scoring more goals during penalty shootouts, etc. What further options does the rulebook provide? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17448" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T04:12:28.963" Title="How many potential different endings are there for a football match?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22602" CreationDate="2019-06-09T20:01:30.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;h1&gt;The laws provide for only three different endings to a football match, regardless of how they arise.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One team wins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is drawn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is abandoned&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first two cases are determined from Law 10.2, &lt;em&gt;Winning team&lt;/em&gt;, as either one team has scored more goals (that team wins) or neither team has (match is drawn).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The competition may require a winning team, where case 2 must become case 1, through away goals or extra time or through kicks from the penalty mark (or any combination of these). The result is still case 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last case is determined from Law 5.3, &lt;em&gt;Powers and Duties [of the Referee]&lt;/em&gt;, where the match may be abandoned &quot;for any offences or because of outside interference&quot;. If replayed, the result must then again be one of the 3 cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practically speaking, there are seven final &quot;endings&quot; to a competition match as differentiated by the details, not all of which may be actually possible for a particular match or competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One team scores more goals in normal time, and wins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is drawn after normal time, and one team scores more goals after extra time, and wins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is drawn after extra time, and one team scores more goals in the kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is drawn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is forfeited by one team for whatever reason, and the opposing team wins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is forfeited by both teams for whatever reason, and neither team wins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The match is abandoned and is not replayed&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T04:12:28.963" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T04:12:28.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22608" CreationDate="2019-06-10T17:19:05.243" Score="2" ViewCount="1204" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was younger, it seemed the U.S. Men's volleyball teams (and the women's teams) were usually at or near the top of world competitions. Nowadays, it seems that U.S. Men's volleyball has slipped a bit on the world stage. One reason I suspect for this is that many colleges and universities - including Division 1 schools that are competitive in many other sports - don't have men's volleyball teams, even though they have women's teams. Without many opportunities to play and compete at a high level in national competition, the U.S. Men aren't prepared for the top teams in world competition. I've also noticed that many high schools (both public and private) don't have boys' volleyball, but do have teams for girls. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T17:30:46.720" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T19:01:44.993" Title="Why do so few U.S. colleges and universities (and high schools) have volleyball for men?" Tags="|collegiate|volleyball|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10575" CreationDate="2019-06-10T17:29:44.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge, there is no rule that allows for this at any level. However, teams can intentionally make outs. At the top ranks, this would probably be frowned upon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, in youth leagues it is not uncommon to intentionally &quot;give away outs&quot; in games where one team is many runs ahead, but some sort of rule might create a situation where a won game is nullified (for example a league might have a rule that the game must end after two hours or when it gets dark (on an unlighted field), but also a rule that some minimum number of innings must be played for the game to be official; otherwise the game must be replayed from the beginning). A few ways managers of youth baseball have &quot;declared&quot; an inning that I've seen: have batters strike out intentionally (rare); have batters swing at every pitch they see - regardless of whether the pitches are strikes or not - until their at bat is over, the batter doesn't have to strike out and can get a hit, but they must not take a pitch (or else they face the wrath of the manager); if a batter reaches base, have them lead off their base until they are tagged out, making no attempt to get back to their base or advance to the next one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T17:49:26.163" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T17:49:26.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22606" CreationDate="2019-06-10T19:01:44.993" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a result of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_IX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Title IX&lt;/a&gt;, part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Amendments_of_1972&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Educational Amendments Act of 1972&lt;/a&gt;, the US federal legislation which outlawed sex discrimination at federally funded institutions. One of the tests for Title IX compliance in sports is that the amount spent on athletic scholarships available is proportional to the number of students of each sex; as almost all institutions have a close to 50-50 sex ratio, this therefore means that each sex must receive an equal amount of athletic scholarship money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other factor here is (American) football. As effectively every institution runs a men's football team but none run a women's football team, this means that there must be more money allocated to women's scholarships &lt;em&gt;outside&lt;/em&gt; football than is for men in order to maintain the required balance. Volleyball is one of the primary sports which gain these extra women's scholarships, although other men's sports have come under pressure in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T19:01:44.993" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-11T01:49:30.380" Score="-1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why don't athletes who don't want their autographs resold draw a shape to designate it's not for resale?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On their website they list what the shape is and then perhaps an independent authenticator would display them for all athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an example, a Trump signed ball with a dollar sign added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this got listed on eBay, Craigslist or such they'd have to remove it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8DWCk.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8DWCk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17456" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T06:43:17.993" Title="Why don't athletes who don't want their autographs resold draw a shape to designate it's not for resale?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2019-06-12T02:50:33.140" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22612" CreationDate="2019-06-11T06:43:17.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They don't do this because it would have absolutely no legal effect, and neither the item's owner nor a marketplace provider would have any obligation to remove it from sale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a long-established principle, for example enshrined in the United States of America as the first-sale doctrine, in the European Union by a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cearta.ie/2016/10/exhausting-exhaustion-the-limits-of-the-first-sale-doctrine-in-eu-copyright-law/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;range of (less absolute) directives and precedent&lt;/a&gt;, and in other jurisdictions under similar regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T06:43:17.993" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22636" CreationDate="2019-06-11T08:48:02.187" Score="3" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team is defending a total, and say in the first ball the bowler takes a wicket and the team is all-out. Will that over be considered a maiden over since no runs came from the batsman's bat and there were no bowler extras either?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17458" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T18:51:30.197" Title="Does a maiden over require all 6 balls to be bowled?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1035" CreationDate="2019-06-11T14:43:00.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIBA has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/rule-differences&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;summary of rule differences on its homepage&lt;/a&gt;. While not always complete to the last detail, this is a good starting point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Playing time&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: 4x10 minutes, 5 minutes over-time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: 4x12 minutes, 5 minutes over-time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3-point line&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: 6.75m (6.60m on baseline)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: 7.24m (6.70m on baseline)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time-outs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: 2 in first half, 3 in second half (but only 2 in last two minutes of the 4th period), 1 per OT period. Always 60 seconds. Never&#xA;  carried over.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: 6 regular, 2 per OT period = 60 or 100 seconds + 1 short time-out (20 seconds) per half. The second short time-out can be&#xA;  carried over to OT period + additional regulations (e.g. mandatory&#xA;  time-outs).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jump ball and alternating possession&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIBA: Jump ball to start the game. The one losing initial jump ball gets possession for the next jump ball situation. Alternating&#xA;  possession between teams thereafter for all jump ball situations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NBA: Jump ball to start the game. The one losing initial jump ball gets possession to start 2nd and 4th quarters. The one winning initial&#xA;  jump ball gets possession to start the 3rd quarter. All other jump&#xA;  ball situations played as &quot;real jump ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Individual foul&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: Foul out on 5 (personal and technical)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: Foul out on 6 or 2 technical&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Team fouls and bonus free-throws&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIBA: 2 free-throws awarded for each (non-shooting) foul after the 4th period (includes player technical fouls). Does not include&#xA;  offensive fouls/fouls by the team in possession.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NBA: 2 free-throws awarded for each foul after the 4th team foul or last two minutes of each quarter, whichever comes first. Does not&#xA;  include offensive fouls and technical fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Technical foul (penalty)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: 1 free throw and possession of the ball at the centre&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: 1 free throw per technical foul; play resumes at the point of interruption; foul is charged to the individual in question (and&#xA;  automatic fine assessed).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Goaltending/basket interference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;FIBA: No blocking a ball in downward flight towards the rim. Once the ball strikes the rim, any player can play the ball (i.e. swat it&#xA;  away or tap it in).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NBA: No blocking a ball in downward flight towards the rim. An imaginary cylinder exists that has the basket as its base. Touching&#xA;  the ball while any part of it is in this cylinder (and still has a&#xA;  chance to go in) is a violation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zone defense&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA:   Legal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: Legal but defensive player may not stay in the lane (a.k.a. key, restricted area) for longer than three seconds if he is not&#xA;  actively guarding an opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Player numbers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;FIBA: 00, 0, 1-99&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;NBA: Any one or two digit number&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There used to be more differences (the shape of the restricted area, the definition of the pivot foot/travelling rules, 30 vs. 24-second shot clock etc.) In general, many of FIBA's latest rule changes come as a &quot;concession&quot; to the NBA in order to further unify basketball rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1065" LastEditorUserId="1065" LastEditDate="2019-06-12T02:50:31.403" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T02:50:31.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22619" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-11T21:35:34.957" Score="-2" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a fielder who catches a foul ball in the air have to land in the field of play? I.E. when player chases a foul flyball, then catches ball leaping and landing in seats/dugout... Out or Foul ball ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17461" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T03:42:24.897" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T03:42:24.897" Title="Fielders catching foul balls in the air not coming down on field" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13749" CreationDate="2019-06-12T11:57:12.307" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does not exists, and even if it did, it would probably be one of the worst items to dive with, as you would have a floating air bubble that would make you float feets first. You would have trouble keeping your buoyancy to neutral, and risk breathlessness for trying too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16440" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T11:57:12.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15163" CreationDate="2019-06-12T16:41:43.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk-xsKRxsrI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jared Mitchell&lt;/a&gt; from LSU attained this feat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_LSU_Tigers_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; - Football&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_LSU_Tigers_baseball_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; - Baseball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T16:41:43.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22619" CreationDate="2019-06-12T17:20:06.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLB rulebook does mention that the fielder must stay in the field of play for the ball to remain in play.  The ball is dead if this doesn't happen, but that does not invalidate any catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the first comment on &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5.09(a)(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ball is in play, unless the fielder, after making a legal catch, steps&#xA;  or falls into a dugout or other out-of-play area, in which case the ball is dead. Status&#xA;  of runners shall be as described in Rule&#xA;  5.06(b)(3)(C) Comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A further comment on the same rule confirms that falling into the dugout does not invalidate a catch.  It should therefore be presumed that falling out of the field of play would not invalidate it either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a fielder, attempting a catch at the edge of the dugout, is “held&#xA;  up” and kept from an apparent fall by a player or players of either&#xA;  team and the catch is made, it shall be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T17:20:06.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22630" CreationDate="2019-06-13T17:48:18.987" Score="3" ViewCount="1139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the Laws of the Game say a player must be cautioned if he's guilty of unsporting behaviour, a direct definition of what constitutes &quot;unsporting behaviour&quot; is never provided (apart from a very brief and rather generic description given in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/39/section/121/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary&lt;/a&gt;, which merely states that &quot;unsporting behaviour&quot; is any &lt;em&gt;'Unfair action/behaviour'&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, the Laws explain this concept by giving a (non-exhaustive) list of examples, among which this can be found (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/94/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for&#xA;  unsporting behaviour including if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've always been curious as to what &lt;strong&gt;showing a lack of respect for the game&lt;/strong&gt; can possibly mean: what's an example of behaviour that can warrant a yellow card for showing a lack of respect for the game that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;doesn't&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; also belong to any other categories of misconduct? &lt;em&gt;(Including the red card offences as well, so offensive/insulting/abusive actions or words are out of questions since they're already sending-off offences.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T03:17:53.683" Title="In football, a player is to be cautioned if he 'shows a lack of respect for the game': what does this mean?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22626" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-13T22:18:51.493" Score="0" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question on a game I watched: Ages 8-11&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 Outs, runner on 3rd and 1st. Coach wouldn't let the runner on 1st steal- Why not? It didn't make any sense to me; as it would have put 2 in scoring position and if the catcher had thrown to 2nd the 3rd baserunner could have scored? Seems like a fundamental to teach the players and it wasn't used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17472" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T11:57:27.387" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T11:57:27.387" Title="Little League Baseball Question" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22626" CreationDate="2019-06-13T22:24:35.400" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 2 outs so if you get one of the runners out during a steal then the inning is over. Even if both runners go at the same time and the runner on 3rd reaches home before the runner at 2nd is thrown out by the catcher the inning is over and the run doesn't count. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17473" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T22:24:35.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22626" CreationDate="2019-06-13T23:57:39.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stealing is often not allowed in Little League play.  I don't know of a freely available rulebook, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rutherford-ll.info/rules2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.rutherford-ll.info/rules2.htm&lt;/a&gt; has a list of differences between Little League and MLB rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Position of Runners at Time of Pitch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;LL - Runner may not leave base before pitch reaches batter. If violation, no runner may advance farther than forced by batter’s&#xA;  action. Exception under Note 15.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;OBR - No rule&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from there: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By convention, the Little League rule is noted as “LL”, and the&#xA;  Official Baseball Rule as “OBR”. Please note that these rules apply&#xA;  strictly to the Major and Minor League levels of Little League&#xA;  Baseball. Higher levels use rules more consistent with the Official&#xA;  Rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.littleleague.org/play-little-league/baseball/divisions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Little League&lt;/a&gt;, age 8-11 would be Major or below, so very likely covered by these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T23:57:39.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15610" CreationDate="2019-06-14T01:45:03.537" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to these answers, The original &quot;Tradition&quot; Dating back to the beginning of the league Home teams wore colors, and the road wore White. This was until the 1970-71 Season when They switched it to white at home and color on the road. Then as part of the leagues 75th Anniversary Season in 1991-92 they flipped it back to Color at Home and White on the road for the whole year to homage to the early league. Then they switched to what you see today in 2003-2004&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17474" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T01:45:03.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22625" CreationDate="2019-06-14T03:17:53.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's impossible to give an exhaustive answer here, but here are some of examples of behaviour where a referee may elect to caution a player for unsporting behaviour for &lt;em&gt;shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;using provocative, derisory or inflammatory (but not offensive, insulting or abusive) language or gestures against another person,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;smoking or otherwise consuming intoxicating substances on the field of play,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy11jEZ0Gz4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;uses a mobile phone on the field of play, during the match&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;relieving themselves&quot; outside the field of play, without using a restroom (if a player exposed themselves while doing this or did this on the field of play, they would probably be sent-off for offensive, insulting, abusive gesture),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;using an unsporting gesture to humiliate the opponents when there is no footballing reason to do so (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpEHn8q3x1s0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rounding the goalkeeper, stopping the ball on the goal line, and then heading it in off the ground&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you've noticed, the Law isn't prescriptive in this area, so cautioning for any of these offences heavily depends upon the opinion of the referee, the context, the temperature of the match, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T03:17:53.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22873" CreationDate="2019-06-14T20:58:09.837" Score="3" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://lavercup.com/how-it-works&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laver Cup&lt;/a&gt; takes place every year between 6 players from Europe (plus a substitute) and 6 from the rest of the World (plus a substitute). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They play three singles and a double every day for three consecutive days, however, I do not understand how matches are selected since clearly it is not the case that each player plays everybody else on the other team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official site only says: &lt;em&gt;Each player competes in at least one singles match during the first two days, No player can play singles more than twice during the three days. At least four of the six players must play doubles. No doubles combination is played more than once, unless for the Decider on Day 3, if points are 12:12&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But some players play once, some twice, some three times and some 4 times (2 singles and 2 doubles). How is that decided? By the captains or is there some rule? The site adds: &lt;em&gt;Match-ups are determined through the exchange of line-up cards by the captains.&lt;/em&gt;, so do they decide the players separately and then see how they match up (i.e. Captain 1 says, e.g., today Federer will play game 1, Nadal game 2, Thiem game 3, while captain 2 says: Del Potro will play game 1, Isner game 2 and Querrey game 3, so the matches are Federer-Del Potro, Nadal-Isner, Thiem-Querrey)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastEditorUserId="14237" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T13:30:11.263" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T19:02:24.467" Title="How are matches decided in Laver cup?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22632" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-15T04:51:01.337" Score="1" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a batsman runs four runs, does it add to the tally of 4s scored by that batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17480" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T05:32:55.920" Title="Is all run four adds to the tally of number of 4s of a batsman in cricket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22632" CreationDate="2019-06-15T05:32:55.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tally of &quot;fours&quot; is specifically for scoring of a Boundary Four, not just any play that happens to score four runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T05:32:55.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10369" CreationDate="2019-06-15T07:31:49.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer above is perfect but I just want to add something for the additional information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I concern, &quot;intuitive shooting&quot; also means &quot;Instinctive Archery&quot;&#xA;Just like football, the player kicks the ball to pass to another player. Actually, the player doesn't need to have a proper mechanism to aim to another player, but based on his experience the way he kicks actually goes to exactly as he intends to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, you can use whatever bow including the modern compound bow (of course you need to take out the sight tool) BUT the best of course whether the longbow or recurve bow. Before the modern era, every archer did the instinctive archery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a taller person like you, based on what I talked with some senior archers, draw length is the real problem that you need to take into account. This is because sometimes we heard people said that arm span is the same as the height. Then some people can buy the bow via online based on the bow specs. But actually that is not true, you can read this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8793422&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scientific research here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, the ultimate solution, you need to try yourself at the archery shop/club and get the best timing for yourself in term of draw length and also draw weight. You can &lt;a href=&quot;https://themodernarcher.com/recurve-bow-guide/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;read here&lt;/a&gt; to understand the basic thing about recurve bow and determine the length of the bow that suits you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17140" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T07:31:49.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22614" CreationDate="2019-06-15T18:51:30.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be considered a maiden convention is that it must be a completed over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T18:51:30.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13119" CreationDate="2019-06-16T10:37:09.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition, since you described that the move to play the cueball forward without making contact with the eight ball was DELIBERATE.. it would be construed as a loss of frame foul under the 2015 EPA rules as follows from what I can tell:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Loss of frame fouls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Deliberately causing any ball or balls to be moved in a manner other than that which may result from playing a normal shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ergo you would lose the frame by making this type of shot deliberately. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17485" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T10:37:09.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22642" CreationDate="2019-06-17T14:26:37.637" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;We've had a bit of a situation in a tournament and I just wondered how other people would have solved it.  See attached image for details. We had 3 teams who were very equal on many/all of the tournament rules we had available (also below). I'd love to know how others would approach/work-out/solve this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9oxC.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9oxC.png&quot; alt=&quot;Challenge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17489" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-17T15:28:16.463" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T15:28:16.463" Title="Group Stage Qualification Conundrum" Tags="|football|tournaments|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22641" CreationDate="2019-06-17T15:02:07.793" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;First of all, it's a bit unclear how &lt;em&gt;iii.&lt;/em&gt; is to be interpreted. If&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;the results&quot;&lt;/em&gt; only refers to the number of points the teams in question have earned while playing against each other, then the three teams (Athletic, United and City) are&#xA;still tied because they've all won only one match each&#xA;against the other two teams. So we should go straight to &lt;em&gt;iv.&lt;/em&gt;, but this one cannot be applied because more than two teams are tied. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this path leads to a paradox (the tie cannot be resolved without further tiebreakers, like drawing of lots), I believe the correct way to read &lt;em&gt;iii.&lt;/em&gt; is the following: &lt;em&gt;&quot;re-apply all the above&#xA;criteria only to the matches between the teams that are still tied&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. In which case, after seeing how Atheltic, United and City are still&#xA;level on points (3 each), you won't go straight to &lt;em&gt;iv.&lt;/em&gt;, but you'll instead check which teams has scored the&#xA;greater number of goals (i.e. you'll be applying &lt;em&gt;i.&lt;/em&gt;), which is United (two goals for, as opposed to Athletic and City that have only scored one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that &lt;strong&gt;United certainly qualifies as the winner.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;But now you have to decide which team is the runner up, and at this point you have again two possibilites: either you go on&#xA;with the criteria, thus using &lt;em&gt;iv.&lt;/em&gt; to decide whether Athletic or&#xA;City advances to the next stage together with United (since they're&#xA;only two teams, a penalty shoot-out can take place), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you&#xA;re-apply the criteria from the beginning again, solely to the teams&#xA;that are still tied (that are, Athletic and City); in this case, the&#xA;tie is immediately broken because only one game has been played between&#xA;the teams in question, and it was won by Athletic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the latter solution usually needs to be clearly stated in the&#xA;regulations like this (example taken from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/54/36/05/2543605_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if, after having applied criteria a) to d), teams still have an equal ranking,&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;criteria a) to d) are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the&#xA;  remaining teams&lt;/em&gt; to determine their final rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And since these regulations don't seem to state a provision like this anywhere, the first thing I said is the only one that's coherent with the rules you provided: that is, &lt;strong&gt;a penalty shoot-out must take place in order to decide whether Athletic or City should advance&lt;/strong&gt; to the next stage as the runner up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T15:02:07.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22644" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-18T16:20:57.790" Score="0" ViewCount="1219" Body="&lt;p&gt;If 'A'  is playing on strike and 'B' is on non strike.its a 20 over match, and assume bowler balls always one side(bowler always balls from one side, there is no rotation on keeping and balling side after over completed.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 'A' runs for a single run on 6.5 over and B run out on striker end, who will on strike on 7.1 ball, 'A' or new batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14858" LastEditorUserId="14858" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T22:43:20.167" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T18:08:37.180" Title="Run out on last ball of a over in cricket match" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22644" CreationDate="2019-06-18T19:47:27.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;bowler always bowls from one side, there is no rotation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this means that you are not playing in accordance with the Laws of Cricket. In particular, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-over&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17.1&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ball shall be bowled from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In theory, this means that the only answer to your question can only be &quot;refer to the playing conditions for your competition&quot;, because the Laws cannot be used to answer a question when you are explicitly ignoring them. However, for the sake of practicality, I'll answer as for a match played in accordance with the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The important Law here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring-runs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18.12.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a batsman is dismissed [run out], the not out batsman shall return to the wicket he/she has left but only if the batsmen had not already crossed at the instant of the incident causing the dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case you state where the non-striker is run out at the striker's end, the batsmen must have crossed&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; so the striker does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; return to their original wicket and they are now at what was the non-striker's wicket. In a regular match, this would then mean they face the first ball of the next over when bowled from the other end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. If they had not crossed, the striker would have been run out because it would have been their ground in which the wicket was put down; refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/batsman-out-of-his-her-ground&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 30.2&lt;/a&gt; for details.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T19:47:27.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22648" CreationDate="2019-06-20T03:13:36.540" Score="4" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Women's World Cup 2019, the Nigerian goalkeeper defended a penalty kick in the 75th minute only for it to be retaken due to the fact that she did not have a foot on the goal line as the shot was taken. Due to this, France went on to retake the penalty, score a goal, and win the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, last year, during the Denmark versus Croatia game, in the second half of extra time, Denmark's goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel defended a penalty against Luka Modrić. And yet, if we see this image it's pretty obvious that the goalkeeper does not have a single foot on the goal line. &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/crnz7.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/crnz7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Shouldn't the penalty be retaken?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Why did nothing happen here?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And why are the referees so adamant about this rule in the Women's World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17503" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-22T22:25:01.707" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T22:25:01.707" Title="Why do referees suddenly care so much whether or not the goalkeeper has a foot on the goal line during a penalty kick?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|penalty-shot|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22647" CreationDate="2019-06-20T13:42:29.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One simple answer: VAR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it is still a new technology, referees are unsure of the extent they should review decisions. In the past, when VAR was not used, referees were free of blame (to some extent) as the decision had to be made on the spot. However, as they are now allowed to review any major decision, they are now being criticized for not using it enough. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2018 World cup was the first major tournament with VAR active, the referee, Nestor Pitana, was obviously not used to it yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17504" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T13:42:29.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22647" CreationDate="2019-06-20T20:24:21.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short: The rulebook has changed since the World Cup was played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This years Women's World Cup is being played under the 2019/20 Laws of the Game which have some significant changes from the previous 2018/19 edition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, Law 14 Penalty Kicks now says that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper must have at least part of one foot on/in-line with the goal line when the kick is taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14319" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T20:24:21.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22680" CreationDate="2019-06-20T23:21:22.380" Score="2" ViewCount="864" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that if an NBA team has an annual salary cap of, say, 100 million, set by league rules, then the team acquires players until they can spend all 100 million for the year -- some teams go over the cap and pay a penalty tax for doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does a team spend all 100 million, particularly if it's a team that's widely considered to not contend for the championship? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not spend, say, 80 million, and save 20 million, if the championship title is not in the cards for a team anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17506" LastActivityDate="2019-06-25T19:58:03.623" Title="In the NBA, why do teams spend all their money available?" Tags="|basketball|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22652" CreationDate="2019-06-21T10:48:09.373" Score="3" ViewCount="977" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rugby (Union but I'd be interested in the answer for League as well), if a player is taking a penalty kick at goal, let's say the ball is coming down and it looks to be just about to clear the cross-bar, is a defender allowed to jump (possibly being lifted) to try and catch the ball before it crosses the bar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same question for a conversion, which I think to be even more likely, since the defenders are allowed to charge down the conversion (and so interference is obviously allowed in this case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2021-10-24T22:19:52.997" Title="In Rugby, is it permitted to try to &quot;save&quot; a penalty? (Or conversion)" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22651" CreationDate="2019-06-21T10:57:53.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In union, no. &lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 8.25&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any player who intentionally touches the ball in an attempt to prevent a penalty goal being scored is illegally touching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming the penalty is not scored, the sanction is another penalty 10m in front of the original location (8.27). This law was brought in after some teams did exactly what you describe and lifted players to catch long-range penalty attempts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In league, this seems to be allowed as far as I can tell. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/rules/laws_of_the_game/scoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Scoring&quot; law&lt;/a&gt; does not seem to prevent this, and could be interpreted to mean that simply touching a ball heading over the posts would prevent the goal from counting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A goal is scored if the whole of the ball at any time how scored during its flight passes on the full over the opponents’ cross bar towards the dead ball line after being kicked by a player (and not touching or being touched in flight by any other player)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T10:57:53.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22653" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22690" CreationDate="2019-06-21T11:39:26.117" Score="1" ViewCount="1567" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player with the ball is tackled, and rather than being brought to the ground, he is held up by the tackler(s). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee shouts &quot;Maul&quot; and then awards a scrum to the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly is happening here? Why is this considered a maul, and why does that mean it's a scrum to the defenders (as opposed to the more conventional mauls)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T18:38:57.190" Title="What's going on in a Rugby Union &quot;choke tackle&quot;?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22655" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-22T02:19:47.823" Score="1" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batter hits ball high off CF wall. Ball takes one bounce back toward chasing CFer whose foot accidentally comes in contact with ball that then goes over the wall. Does runner on first only get third base as a ground rule double or because the ball was initiated over the wall by the fielder, could the runner be awarded home plate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17512" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T20:04:36.410" Title="Ground Rule Double?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22656" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-22T13:57:50.337" Score="-2" ViewCount="1764" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why doesn't the VAR get used at corner kicks, very often the ball is outside the semi circle, should a team score from the corner kick, should it be allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17513" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-23T05:53:42.457" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T19:45:02.860" Title="Use of VAR when taking corner kicks" Tags="|rules|football|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22655" CreationDate="2019-06-22T20:04:36.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; 5.05(a)(8)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.05(a) The batter becomes a runner when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(8)  Any bounding fair ball is deflected by the fielder into the&#xA;  stands, or over or under a fence on fair or foul territory, in&#xA;  which case the batter and all runners shall be entitled to&#xA;  advance two bases;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a bounding fair ball by hitting the wall.  Unless the runner at first was already running and managed to get past second base before the play, then yes the runner would be awarded third.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The somewhat similar &quot;Canseco head ball&quot; was a fly ball when deflected, not a bounding ball and is covered by 5.05(a)(9), which can award a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T20:04:36.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22660" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-23T11:12:28.957" Score="0" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;If bases are loaded, no outs, and the runner on second gets hit by a batted  ball, advancing to third, he is out. But do the runners on first and third get to advance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17518" LastEditorUserId="16112" LastEditDate="2019-06-24T19:59:11.130" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T19:59:11.130" Title="Can runners advance?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22661" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-23T13:00:30.287" Score="4" ViewCount="1118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always been confused by the way the batters react to the bowler coming around the wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It strikes me that by going around the wicket the bowler is effectively reducing the area of the stumps they can aim at as the wicket is going to be at an angle to their delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What a lot of batters seem to do is set up in the same way they would to a bowler going over the wicket. This then creates an angle for the delivery that can cause them problems. I don't understand why they don't alter the angle of their setup so that they face the bowler rather than still facing the stumps at the opposite end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: I have played very little cricket and so have little experience of what it is like to face different angles of delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17519" LastActivityDate="2022-01-01T13:02:20.213" Title="In cricket, when a bowler is around the wicket, why does the batter not simply adjust their stance to counter the angle?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21060" CreationDate="2019-06-23T14:05:49.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seems I have found at least a regional answer. The German “Turnier- und Sportordnung des Deutschen Tanzsportverbandes e.V. (TSO)” (the reference for the DTV) lists the following abbreviations (according to the German names of the dances) on page 19 (version dated January 2019):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Langsamer Walzer: LW&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tango: TG&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wiener Walzer: WW&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slowfox: SF&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quickstep: QU&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Samba: SB&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cha-Cha-Cha: CC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rumba: RB&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paso Doble: PD&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jive: JV&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16871" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T14:05:49.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22656" CreationDate="2019-06-23T16:00:50.460" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, It would be allowed. Why VAR isn't used for that is in my own idea not to add to time wasting. And they are professionals so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17500" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T16:00:50.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22984" CreationDate="2019-06-23T19:35:20.507" Score="3" ViewCount="2842" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve recently got into bouldering and been watching a lot of world championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand how the “zone” hold is used when you don’t top a Boulder but I have seen a couple of things mentioned that I’m curious about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There was an appeal against someone getting the zone on their first attempt and it was moved to their second attempt. But they had topped the boulder anyway. So, does that change have any effect on them at all?!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;That same zone was mentioned because it was in an awkward position and they said they had to use it with their hand not their foot. What would happen if they topped the boulder without using the zone hold? Does that count against them?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4844" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T10:31:15.537" Title="Bouldering “zone”" Tags="|climbing|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22656" CreationDate="2019-06-23T19:45:02.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a corner kick the ball does not have to be within the arc of the corner. The ball simply has to break the plane of the arc for it to be in a valid position. So it can be outside the arc, and 1mm of the ball overhanging the white line of the arc and it will be valid placement. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/ball-placement-at-corner-kick-and-penalty-kick/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason I believe why VAR would not be used for this because it is a very minute offence should be ball not be breaking the plane of the arc. If VAR was used corner kicks, it would then have to be used for the EXACT placement for free kicks and goal kicks also (where the same rule for breaking the plane of the line applies).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, the goal should be allowed to stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17520" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T19:45:02.860" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25640" CreationDate="2019-06-23T20:46:49.193" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between playing tennis on grass compared to hard courts?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What adjustments do professional tennis players have to make for grass vs hard court season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-25T03:15:21.760" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T22:47:44.057" Title="Grass tennis compared to hard court" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22669" CreationDate="2019-06-24T00:16:57.743" Score="7" ViewCount="1886" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Tkkyb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Tkkyb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw that on reddit. On thye official clasisfication for the Grand Prix, the second to last column is 'ON'. Seems to be something relating to laps, but I can't figure out what.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is ON in official F1 Classifications?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T09:47:31.393" Title="In F1 classification, what is ON?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22668" CreationDate="2019-06-24T07:23:14.207" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;ON&quot; column shows which lap that driver set their fastest lap. E.g. Hamilton set his fastest lap of 1:32.764 on lap 53.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T07:23:14.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22650" CreationDate="2019-06-24T08:25:06.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the 100 million is only around half the team's budget. The league and the players agreed on using only 51% of total revenue for player's salaries. It is rational to spend all of it firstly because there is no other way to spend it. Secondly, you would make yourself unattractive for potential Free Agents. The side-effect is, that decent players who are far from being superstars can make a fortune in mediocre teams. Current examples are Otto Porter for the Bulls or Mike Conley in Memphis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="16085" LastEditDate="2019-06-25T07:24:42.973" LastActivityDate="2019-06-25T07:24:42.973" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22668" CreationDate="2019-06-24T09:47:31.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LAPS&lt;/strong&gt; - Laps completed - the race ends when the first driver crosses the line.  All subsequent drivers complete their race at the end of the lap that they're running. Races can also be terminated on a duration basis (x amount of laps or y number of minutes, whichever is sooner (the vast majority of the time, it's on laps though))&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TIME&lt;/strong&gt; - Total elapsed race time&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GAP&lt;/strong&gt; - Difference in time between leader finishing and this driver's finishing time&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INT&lt;/strong&gt; - Difference in time between this driver's finishing time and the driver ahead&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KM/H&lt;/strong&gt; - Average speed for the duration of the race&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FASTEST&lt;/strong&gt; - Fasted lap time achieved for this race&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ON&lt;/strong&gt; - Lap number of the fastest lap for this driver&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PTS&lt;/strong&gt; - Championship points awarded for this driver for this race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14536" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T09:47:31.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22660" CreationDate="2019-06-24T17:32:40.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since it's really hard for the runner at second to be in foul territory, this is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ttajxpedgemiy4sx0cer.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(b)(7)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.09(b) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) He is touched by a fair ball in fair territory before the ball&#xA;  has gone through, or by, an infielder and no other in -&#xA;  fielder has a chance to make a play on the ball. &lt;strong&gt;The ball&#xA;  is dead and no runner may score, nor runners advance,&#xA;  except runners forced to advance.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the runner on third (not forced) must remain at third.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per 5.05(b)(4), the batter is awarded first base automatically when the runner is struck by the ball.  This forces the runner on first to second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T17:32:40.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22676" CreationDate="2019-06-24T18:41:30.097" Score="4" ViewCount="619" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I ran track in high school, many years ago now, we learned that the 4-minute mile was the ultimate dream goal for many mile runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the 4-minute mile still the &quot;highest&quot; standard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has the timing now dipped to, say, 3.5 minutes, with more advanced training, nutrition, and sports doctors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17506" LastActivityDate="2021-11-22T08:48:09.357" Title="Is the 4-minute mile still the &quot;highest&quot; standard?" Tags="|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22674" CreationDate="2019-06-24T20:14:41.720" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;for men, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mile_run_world_record_progression&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mile world record&lt;/a&gt; has been 3:43.13 by Hicham El Guerrouj since 1999, and a little more than &lt;a href=&quot;https://trackandfieldnews.com/article/world-sub-4-mile-alphabetic-register-05-19/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1,500 athletes&lt;/a&gt; have broken the 4-minute barrier &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alltime-athletics.com/m_mileok.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;over 6,000 times&lt;/a&gt; since then. that number includes &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_high_school_students_who_have_run_a_four-minute_mile&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ten U.S. high school track runners&lt;/a&gt; and likely a few hundred U.S. collegiate athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this 6,000 figure is a little bit of a low-ball though, because on the international circuit and in the Olympics, professional athletes run &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500_metres&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 1500m&lt;/a&gt; instead, which is functionally equivalent to the mile but about 109 meters shorter. breaking 3:43 in the 1500m is about equivalent to breaking 4:00 in the mile, and it's safe to say many more people have done the former than the latter. nobody keeps a comprehensive list of sub-3:43 1500m runners, but about 1,000 runners have broken 3:38 (about equivalent to a 3:55 mile) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alltime-athletics.com/m_1500ok.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;per alltime-athletics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so, is a sub-4:00 mile still the &quot;highest&quot; standard? it depends on how you define your terms, but i'd be inclined to say no. if you rightly assume athletes at the highest level compete for a gold medal at the Olympics (in the 1500m), being &quot;just&quot; a 3:59 miler won't be good enough to put you in contention. Elite milers like Asbel Kiprop can run 3:59 in the mile while sick and still finish last place in elite events like the Bowerman Mile, as &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/ChrisChavez/status/870076252744556544&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;he humorously pointed out on Twitter in 2017&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for women, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flotrack.org/articles/6356713-coach-pat-mcgregor-on-breaking-430-in-a-sub-400-world&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some people&lt;/a&gt; consider breaking 4:30 in the mile roughly equivalent to a sub-4-minute men's time. it's a difficult mark to corroborate, in part because historically &lt;a href=&quot;https://bringbackthemile.com/history/sub_4_sub_430&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;women have had much fewer opportunities to run the Mile than men over the past 40-plus years&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. the women's world record mile is 4:12.56 by Svetlana Masterkova from 1996, but unlike the men's world record 1500m time, the women's 1500 record of 3:50.07 by Genzebe Dibaba is on pace for a mile time about four seconds faster than that, 4:08. given this, one might consider sub-4:25 to be a closer equivalence, but this is further complicated by the fact that Dibaba's coach Jama Aden &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jun/02/mo-farah-jama-aden-doping-genzebe-dibaba&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;is currently embroiled in a doping controversy&lt;/a&gt; calling into question the legitimacy of her world record. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to keep you humble, one thing is certain though: it takes years of dedicated training, without exception, to break 4:00 in the mile, and though some believe &quot;any&quot; healthy man can have a shot at the mark once in their career if he works hard enough, the most mainstream opinion is that the vast majority of men do not have the genetic talent to ever break four minutes, even with a lifetime of training. though there is less talk about sub-4:30 miles by women, i think most people would say the same of that barrier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14904" LastEditorUserId="14904" LastEditDate="2019-06-24T20:52:00.527" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T20:52:00.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22706" CreationDate="2019-06-25T13:52:28.697" Score="0" ViewCount="890" Body="&lt;p&gt;On an 8 ball game, I am left with the 8 ball  close to a pocket and the opponent has one ball blocking the pocket to which I am going to play the 8 ball. If I sink the opponents's ball using the 8 ball and make 8 ball in the same pocket in one shot, who wins the table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17536" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T01:46:50.707" Title="American 8 Ball Pool - Sinking opponent's ball" Tags="|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22650" CreationDate="2019-06-25T19:58:03.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer&lt;/strong&gt; - because they have to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long Answer&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA runs a soft cap, sort of like baseball.   Meaning if this year's cap is 100 million teams can go over the cap within guidelines.   There are just too many guidelines to cover in an answer.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HOWEVER, unlike baseball the NBA took a hard-nosed approach to spending in the last CBA (collective bargaining agreement).   NBA team must spend at least 90% of the cap space available.   If they do not the excess money to make 90% will be distributed amongst current team members (player's union divides money).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the Chicago Bulls were only at 70% of the cap of 100 million they don't just save 30 million.   They must set up a fund of 20 million that will be split among the current season Bull's players.   This has and does happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But... based on there also being a luxury tax for big spenders it is not normal for a team that is under the minimum to make it through the season staying under.   Often a team that is over will trade away assets so that they get under a threshold to a team under the minimum.   The team that takes on the player may get draft picks and cash to pay the player.    Even during the tanking years of the 76'ers they were usually at the minimum or close and was actually a strategy to take other team's bad contracts to accumulate draft picks.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also based on another answer I will add that NBA players and free agents have not held it against teams for being cap frugal.   That is actually a good thing and makes it more attractive for a mid-tier star to come because that player knows they have a chance at a better surrounding cast.   The last thing a mid-tier star wants is to join a team that has been maxed out for 10 years (see Knicks for like 20 years in a row until this off-season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-06-25T19:58:03.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22438" CreationDate="2019-06-26T06:03:41.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whether or not it is &quot;acceptable&quot; isn't the real question in this scenario because you can't do it in the first place. Acceptable to whom? &#xA;It may be acceptable to other fans and even players, but there is too heavy of a police/security presence to be possible. See Masai Ujiri's incident at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2842712-raptors-masai-ujiri-on-incident-with-police-deputy-i-respect-authority&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recent finals&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;The team's president wasn't allowed on the court, with credentials, after the Raptors won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17540" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T06:03:41.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22682" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-26T07:30:52.707" Score="-1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;In normal circumstances, not last ball or winning stroke, a batsman plays a shot and runs for 1 run. It turned out to be a no ball. Of course, the team would get 2 runs. But will the batsman get 2 runs or just 1 run &amp;amp; 1 will be added to extras towards no ball? I want to read the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17541" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-06-26T13:51:30.593" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T06:24:03.850" Title="Cricket and no ball and a shot played by batsman while running" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2790" CreationDate="2019-06-26T10:18:46.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a D/L affected-result, the reduced target and overs are considered for NRR.&#xA;For instance, take up India vs Pakistan match in 2019 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scorecard reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;India = 336/5 in 50 Overs&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Pakistan = 222/6 (40)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;India won by 89 Runs here according to D/l method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the calculation will be,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D/L Target for Pakistan - 301 in 40 Overs,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you should consider India's total as 300 in 40 Overs&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Thereby, India Run Rate = 300/40 = 7.5&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Pakistan Run Rate = 222/40 = 5.55&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is +1.95 for India and -1.95 for Pakistan&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NRR calculations for every scenario in Cricket is brilliantly depicted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cricindeed.com/how-to-calculate-nrr-in-cricket/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this blog&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17542" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-06-27T07:49:36.397" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T07:49:36.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22682" CreationDate="2019-06-26T10:44:52.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under normal circumstances, the batsman will be awarded the run he scored (in this case 1 run) and the team will be awarded x+1 runs 1 run for the no ball, x runs scored by the batsman. This same rule will be applicable if the batsman scores a boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17543" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T06:24:03.850" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T06:24:03.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-26T13:42:04.833" Score="1" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just had this happen last night at a 14u game.  We were up 12 to 1 at the time, so it didn't end up being a big deal. The runner at third base was clearly in foul territory and caught a soft line drive which was going over his head. He actually reached up to snag the ball out of the air. Our third baseman was moving to possibly make a play on the ball. I'm not saying that he would have made the play, but he would have been close.  The ump just called it foul, and let the game proceed.  We did end up winning 12-10.  I would assume the runner should be out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17545" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T21:40:31.083" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:40:31.083" Title="Runner on third base catches a soft line drive" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22687" CreationDate="2019-06-26T16:03:20.420" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the 14U rules &lt;a href=&quot;https://bsbproduction.s3.amazonaws.com/portals/4577/docs/baseballrules/14u%20baseball/14u%20baseball%20rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here:&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Official Baseball Rules&lt;/a&gt; are the first in the order of precedence to specify a rule for this scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to The Official Baseball Rules&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rule 5.09(b)3) - &lt;em&gt;A runner is out when ...&lt;/em&gt; He intentionally interferes with a thrown ball; or hinders a&#xA;fielder attempting to make a play on a batted ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner should have been out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17546" LastEditorUserId="17546" LastEditDate="2019-06-26T21:23:31.193" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T21:23:31.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22509" CreationDate="2019-06-26T21:45:30.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are limited circumstances where it would be justified for an umpire to overturn their own call - for example an a tag out play if it was called safe and then the defensive player drops the ball immediately, that could be immediately reversed by the umpire who made the call. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the scenario you described, unless the bases were loaded, tagging the base doesn't put the runner out anyway, its a tag play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17546" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T21:45:30.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22653" CreationDate="2019-06-27T18:38:57.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rugby laws can be confusing at times and the latest law book runs to 146 pages.  It doesn't help that some of the terminology commonly used isn't completely consistent with the law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Law 14 defines a tackle as follows -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;REQUIREMENTS FOR A TACKLE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For a tackle to occur, the ball-carrier is held and brought to ground by one or more opponents.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Being brought to ground means that the ball-carrier is lying, sitting or has at least one knee on the ground or on another player who is on the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Being held means that a tackler must continue holding the ball-carrier until the ball-carrier is on the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this definition it should be clear that the &amp;quot;choke tackle&amp;quot; described in your first sentence, isn't in fact a tackle at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, at this point if it's just the ball carrier and one (or more) opposition players/would-be tackers involved then it's not a maul either and it remains &amp;quot;open play.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 16 defines a maul as follows -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FORMING A MAUL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A maul can take place only in the field of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It consists of a ball-carrier and at least one player from each team, bound together and on their feet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Once formed, a maul must move towards a goal line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key requirement here is that a team-mate of the ball-carrier needs to join in the &amp;quot;chock tackle&amp;quot; for a maul to be considered formed.  At this point the referee would usually shout &amp;quot;Maul&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the referee to then award a scrum to the opposition team, the maul must end unsuccessfully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 16 lists the conditions for this to occur -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A maul ends unsuccessfully when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. The ball becomes unplayable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. The maul collapses (not as a result of foul play).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. The maul does not move towards a goal line for longer than five seconds and the ball does not emerge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. The ball-carrier goes to ground and the ball is not immediately available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e. The ball is available to be played, the referee has called “use it” and it has not been played within five seconds of the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sanction: Scrum&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a well worked &amp;quot;choke tackle&amp;quot;, the opposition will often have the upper hand and the maul will end unsuccessfully for the ball-carrier's team. Hence the opposition being awarded a scrum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few further comments -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that your comment about &amp;quot;more conventional mauls&amp;quot; refers to what happens after (proper) tackles, then these are actually called Rucks and are covered in Law 15.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might observe that I haven't used the terms &amp;quot;attacking team&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;defending team&amp;quot; in my answer.  That's because the law definition of these isn't what you think it is.   It's not about who has the ball - it's about in which half of the pitch play is currently taking place!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6399" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T18:38:57.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18428" CreationDate="2019-06-28T04:16:44.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is psychological for sure.   If a team is getting their butt kicked we know two things - they are a good team (in playoffs) and they are having a bad night.   Coach wants to let starters try to figure out how to get their groove back and gain a little momentum for the next game.    You might find a certain pick and roll situation works well and test that here.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand the opposing coach often leaves his guys in pretty damn long too.   For the same reasons.   He doesn't want the starters on the other team manhandling his bench and catching fire and carrying that over to the next game.  In the playoffs I wouldn't blink if I saw a team up 25 with 6 minutes to go with their starters in.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another factor is - this is the playoffs.   For really good players this is everything.   They didn't bust their ass all season so they could be taken out early.   They want those playoff stats and minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... And then lastly.   Unless you are 35+ a game every 3 days isn't much.   Playoff life isn't grueling.   Coaches take out players in regular season because they have a game the next day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T04:16:44.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22694" CreationDate="2019-06-28T19:28:13.767" Score="-6" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;To people who are intersted in watching basketball matches I'm a beginner in training basketball and I wanna watch competitions to have more experience from watching&#xA;Suggest me your favourite team and when will be the next match✋.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17551" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T20:50:15.947" Title="Wanna watch basketball competitions" Tags="|basketball|training|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-07-03T02:12:41.930" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22693" CreationDate="2019-06-28T20:50:15.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;The best basketball games to watch would be from the NBA Summer League and the WNBA Season.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA Summer League starts on Friday, July fifth. One good team to watch in the Summer League would be the Memphis Grizzlies. They recently acquired Ja Morant in the draft, and paired with young forward Jaren Jackson Jr., they could make an interesting pair to watch. Also, another team to watch would be the New Orleans Pelicans. The New Orleans Pelicans recently drafted Zion Williamson, a very good player to watch.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/article/2019/06/21/2019-nba-summer-league-schedule-official-release&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the complete schedule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing to watch would be the WNBA. This year, the top five teams are the Connecticut Sun, the Washington Mystics, the Chicago Sky, the Seattle Storm, and the Las Vegas Aces. These would be the ideal teams to watch play.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wnba.com/schedule/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is the complete WNBA schedule.&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Under the time of the game, it will say how you can watch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T20:50:15.947" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21315" CreationDate="2019-06-28T22:24:47.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened a bunch of times. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs#Western_Conference_Semifinals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008 conference semifinals&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Franzen&lt;/a&gt; had 9 goals against the Avs in four games (2, 3, 1, 3 each game).  The record for goals in a series is held by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jari_Kurri&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jari Kurri&lt;/a&gt; with 12 in 6 games (3, 2, 0, 0, 4, 3), but he didn't score in every game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16229" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-06-29T02:46:26.840" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T02:46:26.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22661" CreationDate="2019-06-29T12:32:10.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be a tactical decision by the batter. In some cases they might adjust their stance. In other cases they wouldn't. Factors for the batter to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the batter left or right handed?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What type of bowler is going around the wicket? Seamer? Pace bowler? Spin bowler?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the broad intent of the batter at that point. To survive? To make quick runs? To get off strike to get the other better batter on strike? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this is where tactics, especially at the professional level of cricket, get interesting. So here is a contest between a skilled batsman and a bowling genius, Shane Warne. The batsman adjusts his stance and Warne by going around the wicket sets the batsman up with a plan. See this YouTube video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMsL0s6_aRs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shane Warne bowling&lt;/a&gt;. Notice how the batter uses the defensive tactic of padding up; because the chance of getting out lbw is reduced by Shane Warne going around the wicket the batter can let it hit his pads. p.s in the link skip to five and a half minutes in. That is where the balls are all shown in succession. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17554" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T07:35:04.593" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:35:04.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17449" CreationDate="2019-06-29T13:35:03.817" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will say no. I will respond from a medical rather than a sports perspective. Scoliosis is complex. It is often not just one spinal degree of curvature. It is a 3D graph of other curves; Kyphosis and Lordosis describe curves in other directions. So you have three possible curves with each having a possible angle of curve. For instance I have some scoliosis. But also some kyphosis. I don't notice any difference with my leg lengths. But if I lie down I am far more comfortable facing one direction than the other on a bed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in short I can't see any simple connection of curve to leg length differences. So my short answer would be No, there is no advantage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17554" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T13:35:03.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22707" CreationDate="2019-06-29T13:45:43.423" Score="-3" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how could a winner of the NBA defensive player of the year award not being included in the first team all-defensive, like it happened to Leonard in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17555" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T05:50:43.443" Title="NBA defensive player of the year NOT an NBA all-defensive team?" Tags="|nba|awards|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22699" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-29T14:02:28.410" Score="2" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;In UFC Fight Night 111 in Singapore between Holm and Correia it was a very defensive, tactical fight. In the third round the referee said to both fighters &quot;I understand your game plan but we have to get something going here&quot;. In other words he was saying &quot;you both aren't attacking enough&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That to me raises some interesting questions:&#xA;[1] is this the limit to what the referee can do under UFC rules?&#xA;[2] If both fighters just kept standing off what could he do? Especially with both fighters doing it. Does he have the power to stop the fight and declare a no contest or draw because it's so passive? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17554" LastEditorUserId="17554" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T19:13:45.623" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T19:13:45.623" Title="UFC rules on passive fighting" Tags="|ufc|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20119" CreationDate="2019-06-30T11:50:32.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/BRIEFING_2016_Gold_Coast-briefing-elite.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;briefing document&lt;/a&gt; for the elite athletes says that red flags are cautions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17558" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T07:34:53.167" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:34:53.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22704" CreationDate="2019-06-30T13:01:18.217" Score="4" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the middle of World Cup 2019, the Indian cricket team changed their jersey colour:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Of244.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Of244.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;new jersey&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did they do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10721" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T07:35:26.503" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:35:26.503" Title="Why did the Indian team change their jersey colour in the middle of World Cup 2019?" Tags="|cricket|uniform|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-30T14:53:35.950" Score="1" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are about 12 million stateless people on Earth. What would happen if one of them wins a Formula 1 Grand Prix? What anthem gets played?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17559" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T14:53:35.950" Title="What would happen in Formula 1 if a stateless person wins a Grand Prix?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2019-06-30T17:50:17.333" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22702" CreationDate="2019-06-30T17:41:45.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a new ICC regulation that teams in televised matches must have contrasting kits, just as in football or many other sports&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. As India's normal blue jersey would clash with England's, one of the teams had to change - and the rules are that England always get priority as the home team for this World Cup, so India played the England match in their second kit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar situation has already happened with South Africa who wore their yellow kit against Bangladesh; the oddity here almost that neither team has changed kit in the England-Afghanistan and India-Afghanistan matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26890885/why-did-south-africa-change-their-kit-first-second-world-cup-matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cricinfo has some more details&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA; 1. It's obviously somewhat less critical in cricket that the teams were contrasting colours than in football. You could argue it's for the benefit of new television viewers who are used to seeing two &quot;different&quot; teams, you could argue that it's to sell more jerseys...&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T17:41:45.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22679" CreationDate="2019-07-01T01:46:50.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a foul to sink an opponent's ball, therefore you would win the table as long as the right pocket is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user11168" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T01:46:50.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22698" CreationDate="2019-07-01T04:39:52.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was possible before the 2013-14 NBA season, due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_All-Defensive_Team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA All-Defensive Team&lt;/a&gt; voting being done by coaches back then, and NBA Defensive Player of the Year voting being done by the media:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Prior to the 2013–14 NBA season, voting was performed by the NBA head coaches, who were restricted from voting for players on their own team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the coaches were responsible for voting, there were occasionally inconsistencies between the All-Defensive Team and the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award, which has been voted on by the media. On four occasions, the Defensive Player of the Year winner was not voted to the All-Defensive first team in the same year. Player of the Year winners Alvin Robertson (1986), Dikembe Mutombo (1995), Tyson Chandler (2012), Marc Gasol (2013) were instead named to the second team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as noted by Ginge, in 2016 Kawhi Leonard won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year award and was voted to the NBA All-Defensive First Team for the 2015-16 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T05:50:43.443" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T05:50:43.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17849" CreationDate="2019-07-01T07:53:44.557" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the nomination, player replacement shall only be allowed with the consent of opposing captain.Once done replaced player can do his full duties as a nominated player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17563" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:53:44.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22710" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22725" CreationDate="2019-07-01T16:50:25.293" Score="0" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why was D'Angelo Russell underpaid during this free agency?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kevin Durant signed with the Nets for 164 million. Kyrie Irving signed with the Nets for 140 million. Russell is only sign-and-trading away from the Nets to the Warriors for 117 million. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stephen A. Smith says it was because D'Lo was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqee19QQxao&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;busted for smoking weed&lt;/a&gt;. Is this true? Or are there other factors as to why D'Lo didn't get his money?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17566" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T15:44:20.177" Title="Why was D'Angelo Russell underpaid during this free agency?" Tags="|basketball|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22712" CreationDate="2019-07-02T05:59:22.320" Score="9" ViewCount="6540" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ask this because in 2018 John Isner and Kevin Anderson had a set that latest for 50 games in one set. And in 2010, John Isner and Nicolas Mahut had a set lasting 138 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that to win a set you must win by 2 games. So is it possible for a tennis match to actually last forever if the winner of a game kept alternating each game? Or is there a time/score limit where the officials call it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17520" LastActivityDate="2020-08-04T23:57:14.460" Title="Is it possible for a tennis match to last forever?" Tags="|tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22711" CreationDate="2019-07-02T06:57:20.843" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the competition it is very well possible to have a match last forever. Tennis itself has no rules about a time limit. See the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;longest match ever played&lt;/a&gt;, which took 11 hours in total. Matches without a tie break in the last set are prone to take longest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't verify the rules for every competition, so here are a few majors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/strong&gt; they've &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/45913728&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;changed the rules&lt;/a&gt; to have a tie break after a score of 12-12 in the last set, so it will be a lot harder to have matches lasting that long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Australian Open&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/dec/21/australian-open-brings-in-final-set-tie-breaks-for-2019-tournament-tennis&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;followed&lt;/a&gt; Wimbledon by introducing a final set tie break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leaves the &lt;strong&gt;French Open&lt;/strong&gt; as the last Grand Slam &lt;strong&gt;without a tie break&lt;/strong&gt; in the final set and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2019/05/french-open-not-looking-adding-final-set-tiebreakers/82039/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;they seem to keep it that way&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The US Open already have a tie break rule)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T06:57:20.843" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22714" CreationDate="2019-07-02T08:09:38.033" Score="6" ViewCount="1558" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Current Standings for the world cup 2019 are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Played&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Won&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Lost&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;No Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;NRR&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+1.000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;India&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+0.854&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;New Zealand&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+0.572&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;England&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+1.000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Pakistan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.792&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sri Lanka&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.934&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bangladesh&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.133&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;South Africa&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.080&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;West Indies&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.335&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-1.418&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I simply want to know that how Pakistan could qualify for semi-finals the after India is defeated by England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p8slQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p8slQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I can not understand the criteria through which a team is ranked in standings. According to me the Points are used to rank the team and when Points of two teams are same then they use Net Run Rate (NRR). If we consider this criteria then New-Zealand has to win against England (ODI 41 of 48) so points of England remain at 10 and after that Pakistan has to defeat Bangladesh to get 11 points (ODI 43 of 48). In this case Pakistan will qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my given criteria conflicts with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.geo.tv/latest/241918-how-can-pakistan-team-reach-the-semifinal-interesting-situation-on-points-table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;criteria of Geo Sports&lt;/a&gt; which is a Sports channel in Pakistan. It says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan will have to defeat Bangladesh on July 5 to qualify for the semi-finals and also have to rely on the result of the match between England and New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If England beat New Zealand and Pakistan beat Bangladesh, then the green shirts will qualify for the semi-finals. If that does not happen and Pakistan and England both manage to win their last matches, then the decision to reach the semifinal between New Zealand and Pakistan will be on run rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17567" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-08T21:18:09.593" LastActivityDate="2021-10-08T21:18:09.593" Title="How Pakistan will qualify for semi finals in world cup 2019?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22713" CreationDate="2019-07-02T08:41:07.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If Pakistan lose to Bangladesh, they have 9 points, which is  less than the top four teams. They cannot make the semifinals this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Pakistan draws with Bangladesh, they require England's run rate to drop below their own, which requires an extremely large loss to New Zealand. Pakistan's net run rate or NRR would stay the same in case of a drawn match, so England's NRR must drop by 1.8, meaning New Zealand must score runs almost three times faster than England in that match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Pakistan beats Bangladesh, either &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;England and New Zealand draw, so Pakistan can overtake England with a significant gain in their own NRR, accounting for the drop in England's NRR, due to having 11 points each&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;England beats New Zealand, so Pakistan can overtake New Zealand with a significant gain in their own NRR, accounting for the drop in New Zealand's NRR, due to having 11 points each&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;New Zealand beats England, so Pakistan overtakes England directly, due to having 11 points over England's 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T08:41:07.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22717" CreationDate="2019-07-02T15:23:53.443" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the recent Women's World Cup Quarter-Final, the French goalie performed a slide tackle inside the box against an attacker. She completely missed the ball and tripped the attacker. Why wasn't this a penalty? I'll try to attach a clip if I can find one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a pay-walled (but readable) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/73103/violent-goalkeeping-part-1-players-at-risk-as-s.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;two-part article discussing goalie behavior&lt;/a&gt; that indicates this is a well-known problem in all of soccer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17571" LastEditorUserId="17571" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T22:17:27.070" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T22:17:27.070" Title="What are the rules for soccer/football goalies committing penalties inside the box?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22716" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-02T17:00:50.470" Score="0" ViewCount="736" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok, so here is the scenario.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one out with runners at first and third bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter hits a fly ball to shallow right field.  The runner at first base does not tag up and takes off for second base.  The runner at third base waits.  The right fielder makes a diving catch while the runner at third base tags up and crosses home plate before the right fielder throws to first base to get that runner out.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the third out be a force out since he did not tag up, thereby eliminating the run scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17572" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-28T19:58:22.500" LastActivityDate="2019-08-28T19:58:22.500" Title="Tag up scoring rules?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22715" CreationDate="2019-07-02T17:51:09.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the referee thought that the slide tackle was a foul it would have still been a penalty. However, referee's are often much more lenient towards goalie's fouling attackers. Goalie's have gotten red cards before if the commit a foul and have the same rules applied to them as field players. Perhaps the forward &quot;flopped&quot; or pretended to get hit causing the referee to not give a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17573" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T17:51:09.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14134" CreationDate="2019-07-02T21:13:03.293" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a new record, the 2018 world cup final was viewed by 1.12 billion viewers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-worldcup-viewers/record-audience-watched-best-world-cup-ever-fifa-idUKKCN1OK19B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Record audience world cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T21:13:03.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22721" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-03T03:09:16.073" Score="2" ViewCount="1002" Body="&lt;p&gt;Example: A batter hits a single to the outfield, it is bobbled, so the batter can now reach second. The next batter is up and scores the runner on second. Since that runner reached second on an error and was in scoring position because of it, would that still be ruled as an earned run against the pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17577" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T01:46:15.373" Title="If a runner reaches second on an error and then scores the next play, does that count as an earned run against the pitcher?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22724" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-03T15:31:19.530" Score="-3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batsman is retiries hurt then who will face the next ball ???  Answer me &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17581" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T09:32:46.243" Title="If a batsman is retiries hurt then who will face the next ball?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22710" CreationDate="2019-07-03T15:44:20.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;D'Angelo Russell received maximum money allowed to him, &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/wojespn/status/1145535080305242112&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to Adrian Wojnarowski&lt;/a&gt;. Therefore, he was not underpaid nor did he lose money as a result of possessing marijuana.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Golden State and Brooklyn have agreed on a sign-and-trade, sending&#xA;  D’Angelo Russell to the Warriors on a four-year, $117M maximum&#xA;  contract, league sources tell ESPN.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What he is allowed to earn at a maximum is different from other players. First, he is a restricted free agent (as opposed to being an unrestricted free agent like Kevin Durant or Kyrie irving). Next, he has four years experience while Durant has 12 years and Irving has 8 years. Moreover, especially in the case of Durant, what [Durant] is allowed to earn at a maximum is higher since he makes All-NBA teams perennially. All these conditions and more, including the requirements to earn a &quot;super max&quot; deal, are addressed in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://atlhawksfanatic.github.io/NBA-CBA/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA's Collective Bargaining Agreement&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16112" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T15:44:20.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4201" CreationDate="2019-07-03T17:18:39.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that you should give it a try. If your daughter really does not like it than she can always continue but you should at least give her a shot at becoming a great swimmer. The true key to becoming good at a sport is starting early and being competitive. I started competitive soccer at a very young age aswell only around 6 and had practice 3 days a week for an hour and a half. However, with swimming one can do much more training without getting injured because the swimming has less impact on muscles and bones. I would suggest trying it out and seeing whether she likes it. If she does not then she can go back to her old routine of swimming and playing sports less competitivly. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17573" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T17:18:39.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22728" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22729" CreationDate="2019-07-03T20:28:00.620" Score="3" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hear approximately of numbers such as 6 billion in annual NBA league revenue, of which 3 billion goes to team owners, and 3 billion goes to the players -- creating a wealthy &quot;middle class&quot; of NBA players, after a cap is implemented on the &quot;max players&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does the 6 billion revenue come from?  Tv commercials?  Jersey sales?  International tv commercials, eg, commercials in China during games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about ticket sales? For instance, Oracle Arena sells out every home game -- do the Warriors team owners have to share ticket revenues with the league?  (I would guess so, since it takes two teams to put on a great game ... so the opposing teams are in a sense generating ticket sales at the Oracle ... )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17506" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T20:38:40.540" Title="Where does the NBA league revenue come from?" Tags="|nba|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22728" CreationDate="2019-07-03T20:38:40.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 6 billion dollars of annual NBA league revenue refers to all of the teams combined revenue through ticket sales at home games, selling jersey's to fans, season tickets, sponsorships, television rights, and adds on games. So to answer your question, their money comes from many sources. The league gets a percentage of all of the teams revenue through all the different streams of money and this can add up to a lot. According to Forbes, last year the NBA made 8 billion dollars with the average team being worth 1.9 billion dollars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17573" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T20:38:40.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22730" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-04T07:13:25.880" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this from Cricbuzz and other popular sports site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand that last sentence which is &amp;quot;If Pakistan bowl first, they will be out of the semi-final race even before the first ball is bowled at Lord's on Friday.&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why they can't limit Bangladesh for around 300 runs and make it using just 20 overs or something doesn't qualify for semi, even Pakistan can beat Bangladesh by 311 runs after posting 350 make them semi-final?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For Pakistan to qualify to the semi-final&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan to beat Bangladesh by 311 runs after posting 350&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;beat Bangladesh by 316 runs after scoring 400&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;beat Bangladesh by 321 runs after scoring 450&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If Pakistan bowl first, they will be out of the semi-final race even before the first ball is bowled at Lord's on Friday.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Played&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Won&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Lost&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;No Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;NRR&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+1.000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;India&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+0.854&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;New Zealand&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+0.572&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;England&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+1.000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Pakistan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.792&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sri Lanka&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.934&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bangladesh&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.133&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;South Africa&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.080&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;West Indies&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-0.335&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-1.418&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="14507" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-08T21:16:29.037" LastActivityDate="2021-10-08T21:16:29.037" Title="How can a cricket team batting second be automatically eliminated via NRR?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|qualifying|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22730" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:21:02.547" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pakistan needs to beat Bangladesh with much more than 300 balls to spare. That is why if Bangladesh chooses to bat first, they cannot qualify as the maximum number of balls is 300.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T09:21:02.547" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22724" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:27:52.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Next batsman will face the next ball if retiries hurt batsman in the strike. Otherwise, other batsmen will face the next ball. The rules are almost equal to rules dismissal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14507" LastEditorUserId="14507" LastEditDate="2019-07-04T09:32:46.243" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T09:32:46.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22730" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:51:17.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the Bangladesh match, Pakistan have scored 1710 runs from 338.5 overs and conceded 2073 runs from 303.4 overs. Even given a very unlikely scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bangladesh bat first and are all out for zero.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pakistan score the one run they need to win without facing a legal ball (no ball, wide, etc)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan's numbers will now be 1711 runs from 338.5 for, and 2073 runs from 353.4 overs against (all out always counts as the full allocation of overs); this gives them a net run rate of 0.036, still less than New Zealand's 0.175 (the table in the question doesn't include New Zealand's loss to England which significantly reduced their NRR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;em&gt;in theory&lt;/em&gt; a scenario in which Pakistan can qualify if Bangladesh bat first, but it's so ridiculously stupid that the ICC would definitely get involved:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bangladesh score a four off &lt;em&gt;every single ball&lt;/em&gt; in their innings, giving them 1200 runs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pakistan somehow score those 1200 runs without facing a legal ball - e.g. every ball is a wide and hit for four.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan now have scored 2911 runs from 338.5 overs and conceded 2973 runs from 353.4 overs. This gives them a net run rate of 0.185, above New Zealand's. (The number doesn't quite need to be 1200 runs here, but it's above 1100. Even a vaguely reasonable score like 300 doesn't get the job done).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T09:51:17.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-05T12:30:36.020" Score="0" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any official statistics that show who has won many consecutive games in a particular court? I can only find those relative to winning streak of sets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17590" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T12:54:31.140" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T12:54:31.140" Title="What is the record of a tennis consecutive games won?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-08T05:15:14.520" Score="0" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;The losing team, Hang Sai, scored 18 goals in this match (deliberately of course).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is it the world record of most goals scored by a losing team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ref: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_I_21%E2%80%9318_Hang_Sai&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_I_21%E2%80%9318_Hang_Sai&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12685" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-06T05:26:37.513" LastActivityDate="2020-07-05T06:01:20.147" Title="Is this match in the 2019 Taça de Macau, the most goals scored by a losing team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22742" CreationDate="2019-07-08T06:18:52.370" Score="57" ViewCount="29054" Body="&lt;p&gt;For this question I'm referring to sports in which men and women can compete together on equal terms (even if they often don't). For example, rock climbing would count (if they climb the same rock and are measured by the same metrics), while the hammer throw would not (since men and women throw different hammers). Competitions where score is given out by a jury count too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there is a sport of this kind in which the world's best player is/was female. It doesn't have to be current; I'd also like to know if it has happened at any point in history. I'm aware that determining &quot;the best player&quot; isn't always easy, but looking for something where the best female players in the world are truly competitive with the best male players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it's outside the scope of this site, but the closest I know is in chess, where the greatest female player of all time (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judit_Polg%C3%A1r&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Judit Polgar&lt;/a&gt;) 1) broke several records for which men also qualify and 2) won individual games against the world champion. However she was never world champion, with a peak world ranking of #8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-07-12T10:37:29.713" LastActivityDate="2023-04-22T22:26:45.797" Title="Are there any sports for which the world's best player is female?" Tags="|trivia|gender|" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T08:42:21.583" Score="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;Equestrian Sports comes to my mind as the only Olympic Sports where men and women face each other in competitions. Dressage, in particular, is dominated by women. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabell_Werth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Isabell Werth&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anky_van_Grunsven&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anky van Grunsven&lt;/a&gt; are possibly the most prominent, having dominated the world class for the last 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just came across &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/shooting/story/_/id/31828521/10m-air-rifle-sport-tokyo-olympics-where-women-outgun-men&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; ESPN article which argues that in shooting, women are consistently doing better than men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-04-22T22:26:45.797" LastActivityDate="2023-04-22T22:26:45.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22744" CreationDate="2019-07-08T11:13:36.223" Score="2" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday was the team time trial at the Tour de France. Team Jumbo - Visma, the team with the yellow jersey, won and the yellow stayed in their team. But it got me thinking: What would have happened if, let's say Team Ineos would have won, who would have gotten the yellow jersey, since they all had the same time after the first day.&#xA;Would the one who drove over the finish line first or the first one in the alphabet get the yellow jersey? What is the rule in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16952" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T12:56:54.227" Title="Who gets the yellow trikot at a time draw - Tour de France" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22743" CreationDate="2019-07-08T12:56:54.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple, the first rider of team Ineos to cross the line would be the GC leader. It happens very often when a stage contest starts with a Team Time Trial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17602" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T12:56:54.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2019-07-08T13:08:08.353" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wishbone style attacks require patience and discipline. That's why the service academies often excel at it. Unfortunately, they don't have the personnel to compete with the big boys. The last great triple option team was actually the 1997 Nebraska team with Scott Frost at QB. They run it from the I formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17603" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T22:59:21.070" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T22:59:21.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17899" CreationDate="2019-07-08T13:24:15.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only speak for cycling, it does matter. Performance wise there are some discussions but there are more practical matters that count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Massages are painful with hairy legs. They really rub you down and hairs could even get ripped out by the massage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Less chance for infections after crashes. The hair is mostly dirty when racing and they can cause infections to the burnt areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17602" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T13:24:15.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T15:16:18.860" Score="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby_Riddles&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Libby Riddles&lt;/a&gt; won the Iditarod in 1985, and then &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Butcher&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Susan Butcher&lt;/a&gt; won it 4 of the next 5 years. So it would be quite fair to say that in the late 1980's women were the world's top &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushing&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mushers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could argue I suppose that the dogs have the most athletic part of that sport. However, surviving and doing anything productive in an Alaskan blizzard is more than athletic enough for me, and the dogs (particularly lead dogs) themselves are often as not also female. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15671" LastEditorUserId="15671" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T15:36:59.493" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T15:36:59.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T17:04:52.417" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some sports have historically been played mostly by women, like synchronised swimming. Although it's hard to measure performance of individual swimmers and compare male and female ones, nowadays the top female swimmers are clearly better than the top male ones. That might change (or not) as male synchronised swimming develops. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15639" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T17:04:52.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T17:25:09.373" Score="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;The current world record in endurance cycling is held by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Coker&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amanda Coker&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Endurance sports are definitely something where women perform similar to men, or even outperform them (their bodies are much more economic when it comes to consuming calories). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17610" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-09T07:22:11.973" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T07:22:11.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T18:49:24.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In aerobatics &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Wagstaff&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patty Wagstaff&lt;/a&gt; was the best of the US in the 1990s.  I think at world championship level the women and men had separate competitions; I can't quite remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17611" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-09T03:20:20.387" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T03:20:20.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-08T22:20:04.587" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Women seem to do well in very long-distance swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://db.marathonswimmers.org/longest-swims/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://db.marathonswimmers.org/longest-swims/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Nyad&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Nyad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17617" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T22:20:04.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-09T09:36:34.953" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Hill&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lynn Hill&lt;/a&gt; was arguably the best climber in the world in the late 80s and early 90s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 1990, at the final stage of the World Cup Final, she was one of three competitors and the only woman to reach the top of the wall—and the only climber to complete the hardest move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She was also the first person to free climb The Nose on El Capitan, a famous challenge that had been attempted by many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17629" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T09:36:34.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17235" CreationDate="2019-07-09T10:43:18.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to encourage as many as possible, you may want to look at local pool leagues. As an example, I live in Basingstoke, UK and I compete in club tournaments within the &lt;a href=&quot;https://bdcpl.leaguerepublic.com/l/league/893177303.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basingstoke and District Club Pool League&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams can be as informal or formal as you like and entering your club into local pool leagues will increase knowledge of your club as players from other clubs will come to compete in league tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check that you will be eligible before entering your club because there are leagues for bars and pubs which don’t include pool and snooker clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17632" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T10:43:18.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-09T10:56:29.380" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a fairly uk-centric 'sport' but in long distance &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fell_running&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;fell running&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmin_Paris&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jasmin Paris&lt;/a&gt; must be one of the worlds best, she holds the outright course record for the Spine Race by a considerable margin and for several years held the outright record for the Ramsey round (both of which attract international competitors/attempts). She has also come second overall in the Dragons back race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another long distance fell running legend &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Spinks&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicky Spinks&lt;/a&gt; holds the outright record for the double Bob Graham round though somewhat more niche as very few people have (or would!) attempt it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17633" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-07-09T11:52:18.150" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T11:52:18.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17337" CreationDate="2019-07-09T12:54:28.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all the different rule sets I know, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPA old rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/wrules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPA Old World Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epa.org.uk/images/rules/World%20Rules%202015.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPA Current World Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ipapool.com/wp-content/uploads/IPA-Blackball-Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPA Blackball rules&lt;/a&gt; ... and many others&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly legal to carry out multiple cannon/plant shots as long as the object ball hit by the cue ball is a ball of your group (stripes or colour) and the ball potted is also a ball of your group.  The ball(s) within the middle of multiple cannons/plants are irrelevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing to be careful of is if the rules you play stipulate that you must nominate a pocket and you pot the ball into a different pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17632" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T12:54:28.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-09T13:27:01.560" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Streeter&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tanya Streeter&lt;/a&gt; has held the overall free diving record, albeit for a brief two months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In 2002, she broke the men's &lt;em&gt;No Limit (NLT)&lt;/em&gt; world diving record by diving to a depth of 525 feet (160 m) near the Turks and Caicos Islands, a record which was surpassed later that year by French diver &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Loïc Leferme&lt;/a&gt; (162 m).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17092" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-07-09T19:01:42.657" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T19:01:42.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12643" CreationDate="2019-07-09T13:27:28.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @ZeroStack points out it depends on the rules you are playing.  If you are playing &lt;a href=&quot;http://ipapool.com/wp-content/uploads/IPA-Blackball-Rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPA Backball Rules&lt;/a&gt;, you can have &lt;em&gt;cue ball in hand&lt;/em&gt; anytime your opponent commits a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 4h states that when you have &lt;em&gt;cue ball in hand&lt;/em&gt;, you must play anywhere behind the baulk line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17632" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T13:27:28.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-09T13:47:45.197" Score="1" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, cricket world cup 2019 live TV channels are showing this new phase format table:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Overs&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;India&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Best performance&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;New Zealand&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1-10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bumrah - 2/64&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10-20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Kane Williamson - 52&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20-30&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30-40&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;40-50&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Phases Won&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused. What is this table, and how do I understand it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17644" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T21:11:16.430" LastActivityDate="2024-01-26T01:02:40.297" Title="How to understand this new phase format table in cricket world cup 2019?" Tags="|cricket|media|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22721" CreationDate="2019-07-10T01:46:15.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of an earned run is one that would have occurred &quot;without the benefit of an error or a passed ball.&quot; The official scorer attempts to reconstruct the inning as it would have played out without errors and passed balls, and only the runs that score in that scenario count as earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring runner in your scenario &lt;em&gt;may or may not&lt;/em&gt; have scored without the benefit of the error. MLB says &quot;Often, it is the judgment of the official scorer as to whether a specific run would've scored without the defensive mishap.&quot; In this case if the official scorer thinks the runner would have likely scored from first on that single, it would be an earned run. This is unusual but possible, maybe in the case of a very fast runner or if the single was difficult to chase down quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course if the next batter got a typical base hit, the run would almost definitely count as earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/earned-run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/earned-run&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17659" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T01:46:15.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4564" CreationDate="2019-07-10T03:05:32.517" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know of any official talk about that specifically but I'm sure it has been suggested. I remember Jason Kidd mentioning back in the early 2000s that he thought it would be a good idea to take a couple seconds off of it. At the time it might not have been a horrible idea in that teams normally used most of each possession and the scores were often very low. That was the prevailing belief on how to maximise your chances. Nowadays they tend to think the opposite way, not that this is ironclad to work well either but that's the thinking. Being that they allow the zone and defenders can lurk on the perimeter off the ball so easily, and it takes longer to actually get into any kind dribble penetration, taking time off the clock is likely to be a terrible idea. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17662" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T22:38:51.010" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T22:38:51.010" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22776" CreationDate="2019-07-10T11:51:25.093" Score="3" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;In world cup 2019 Semi Final, New Zealand vs India continued for second day due &#xA;to the rain. During 2002 ICC Champions Trophy Final, Match cancelled for first day and again played fresh from second day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why New Zealand vs India continued for second day instead of starting from fresh?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17673" LastEditorUserId="768" LastEditDate="2019-07-15T14:48:41.307" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T14:48:41.307" Title="Why New Zealand vs India continued for second day instead of starting from fresh?" Tags="|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22772" CreationDate="2019-07-10T13:56:18.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The regulations covering ODI cricket allow for a reserve day, in the event the match can't be completed on the first day. The umpires are required to try to complete the game on the scheduled day, by reducing overs etc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this isn't possible, and a reserve day is available, the regs state that the match will continue from the point where it was stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the regs at &lt;a href=&quot;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/c9264750-2778-44df-949f-d1a8dfbdc402/04-Mens-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/c9264750-2778-44df-949f-d1a8dfbdc402/04-Mens-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&lt;/a&gt; - section 13.6 and Appendix G are the relevant sections.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastEditorUserId="6039" LastEditDate="2019-07-12T07:47:18.870" LastActivityDate="2019-07-12T07:47:18.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22772" CreationDate="2019-07-10T17:27:40.367" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious benefit of continuing the match into the second day is that it increases the chance of getting a result, given that there is no guarantee that a full day's play is possible on the second day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy demonstrated the risk of starting anew. Despite 52 overs being completed on the first day, and 58 on the reserve day, no result was achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/specials/icc_champions_trophy/2289482.stm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;criticized by experienced former players&lt;/a&gt; at the time. Farokh Engineer stated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I think it's absolutely daft. It doesn't make any sense, They should&#xA;  look at that rule straight away and change it. The obvious thing is to&#xA;  continue from where they left off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and Sanjay Manrekar opined&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The International Cricket Council should learn a lesson from this&#xA;  result ahead of the 2003 World Cup. We had more than 100 overs but&#xA;  still no result. If the match is continued rather than replayed, it&#xA;  gives you more of a chance to finish the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are other contributing reasons, such as tiredness of a team having to field twice, the unfairness of a team in the ascendancy having to start again, and the odd feeling of important contributions being voided (what if you scored a century, or took a hat-trick?), but the huge benefit is the improved chance of a result being achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T17:27:40.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17235" CreationDate="2019-07-10T20:19:44.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To find out how many people are interested, you need to ask. Use whatever method used in your workplace for informal communication amongst employees to make a simple poll. There are two things you want to know: how often they want to play and skill estimate (keep this simple, beginner-intermediate-experienced is enough of a scale).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then set a date and book enough tables, consulting with appropriate people at work if you expect the company to pay for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want this to be social and fun, explore team variants of the game. More people at one table is more socializing and also it is easier to accomodate a player who is a lot stronger or weaker than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17684" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T20:19:44.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12147" CreationDate="2019-07-10T20:48:45.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would look at the early 2000s Lakers with Shaq and Kobe. They were both putting up close to 30 per game for a season or 2. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try the 00-01' and 01-02' seasons. 02-03' is possible even though Shaq had a tough year compared to usual. That was the year Kobe had the 12 consecutive 40 point games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question could be taken to mean a few different things though. Highest combined PPG, highest points and assists average, points and rebounds, highest total statistical output. Which in using each of those, it could change the answers alot.  You could look at Moses Malone and Dr. J from about 82' to 86', Jordan and Pippen in the 6 90s seasons they were both on the court for Chicago, Shaq and Kobe like i said, Duncan and Robinson from 97' to 00' or so, Jabbar and Magic in the early 80s, Jabbar and Adrian Dantley in the late 70s,  likely enough Wilt with Jerry West and/or Elgin Baylor in the late 60s/early 70s. Lebron and D-wade from 10' to 14' i bet too. To do this go to BasketballReference, go down to Team Stats for the given year and you can see it all as needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17686" LastEditorUserId="17686" LastEditDate="2019-07-10T20:59:12.617" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T20:59:12.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12147" CreationDate="2019-07-11T02:57:42.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stephon Marbury and Steve Francis put up like 75 shots a game while playing together with the Knicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bRqaO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17506" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T02:57:42.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-11T12:29:43.407" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the summer olympics 1992, Zhang Shan from China &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Skeet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;won gold&lt;/a&gt; in skeet shooting. Back then it was a mixed event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17695" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T12:29:43.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-11T13:35:33.523" Score="2" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;A tennis player hits the opponent with their racket due to follow through over the net when the opponent is very close to the net.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does he/she lose the point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17698" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-24T17:29:37.917" LastActivityDate="2021-06-17T19:07:45.710" Title="Does a tennis player lose the point if their racket hits the opponent due to follow through over the net?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-11T15:34:37.787" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am surprised that no one mentioned ultra-runners &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtney_Dauwalter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Courtney Dauwalter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Herron&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Camille Herron&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2017, Dauwalter won the MOAB 240 race (238 miles!!) beating the 2nd place finisher by over 10 hrs. This race is open to both men and women. She also has won 8 of her last 9 ultra-distance races losing only to Camille Herron who (as of March 2019) currently holds 5 world records involving ultra distance races: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Camille Herron's World Records:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;50 miles (80 km) | Road  | 5h 38min 41s | 6:46 per mile (4:12 per km) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 miles (160 km) | Road/Trail | 12h 42min 40s | 7:37 per mile (4:43 per km)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 miles (160 km) | Track | 13h 25min 00s | 8:03 per mile (5:00 per km) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;12 Hours | Track | 92.66 miles (149.12 km) | 7:46 per mile (4:49 per km) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 Hours | Track | 162.919 miles (262.193 km) |  8:50 per mile (5:29 per km)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Taken from Wikipedia link above sourced from &lt;a href=&quot;http://iau-ultramarathon.org/images/file/Records/2017_2020_RecordsTable20190219.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Association of Ultrarunners&lt;/a&gt; and Ultrarunning Magazine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17677" LastEditorUserId="13911" LastEditDate="2019-08-26T15:54:23.997" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T15:54:23.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2019-07-11T21:29:59.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_orienteering&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trail Orienteering&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a sport of pure map reading, with physical racing element removed completely, designed to create an outdoor event available to many, including people using mobility aids like crutches or a wheelchair. To be successful, you need to depend mostly on your brain and somewhat on your eyes, so physical strength difference between men and women (or young and old, or healthy and disabled) doesn't matter much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year's World Championships have been held in Portugal two weeks ago. It consisted of 3 individual events (with winners being 2 women and 1 man) and 2 team events (with both winning teams being split 2-1 genderwise, once with more men and once with more women).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All results can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtoc2019.fpo.pt/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://wtoc2019.fpo.pt/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17684" LastEditorUserId="17684" LastEditDate="2019-07-12T10:46:51.813" LastActivityDate="2019-07-12T10:46:51.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22764" CreationDate="2019-07-12T07:53:38.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is similar to sessions in test cricket, but here 10 overs are considered to be one session or a phase. The team dominant throughout the session wins it, mentioned in the column below the team's name and notable contributors of that session are mention in the third column (Bumrah and Williamson in the above picture). It is used to analyse the progress of the game and for comparison of both the teams performances at different times during the game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="15095" LastEditDate="2019-07-12T09:17:17.423" LastActivityDate="2019-07-12T09:17:17.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-13T15:04:45.203" Score="1" ViewCount="333" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter hit a single toward right field, but instead of stopping at first, he rounded the base and - intentionally - caused a rundown (the player told me after the game he did this intentionally). He eventually reached second base safely. The defence committed no errors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should that be scored as a double?&#xA;Or should it be scored as a single with a stolen base?&#xA;Or should it be something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17709" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T21:15:56.413" Title="When a batter reaches second safely after a rundown, does the batter get credited with a single or a double?" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22800" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22801" CreationDate="2019-07-14T09:53:47.927" Score="2" ViewCount="1477" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29-all, in which the game goes to a golden point. Whoever scores this point will win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Scoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Scoring&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is golden point a commonly used term when talking about badminton?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-25T21:20:55.687" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T21:20:55.687" Title="Is the term &quot;golden point&quot; used much in badminton?" Tags="|terminology|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22800" CreationDate="2019-07-14T11:04:04.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Golden point&lt;/em&gt; is the sports-independent way of referring to a point that immediately ends the match (or game). The term is usually used in sports where scoring is rare. In badminton and other racket sports, scoring (by winning a rally) is extremely common.&#xA;The term would be understood in a badminton context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, its actual usage is rare. For example, if you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Abadmintoncentral.com+&amp;quot;golden+point&amp;quot;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;google search results for &quot;golden point&quot; on badmintoncentral.com (probably the largest badminton forum)&lt;/a&gt;, you'll see that there are only 5 search results, and only a single result which uses the term &lt;em&gt;golden point&lt;/em&gt; for 29-all. It's probably being used more by people familiar with Rugby or Australian-rules football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A much more common term would be &lt;em&gt;gamepoint&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;matchpoint&lt;/em&gt;, for when a player has the opportunity to win the game or match. Both terms are very commonly used, in informal speech as well as the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1.5%20-%20Vocabulary%20-3.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official vocabulary&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;After all, in the official scoring system (and KO tournaments being quite common), it does not matter if you win 30-29 or 21-0; it's much more important if that wins you the game or the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, golden points are rare in badminton, at least with the 3x21_30 scoring system: Out of 144674 games in a database I had laying around (all the official games in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/league?id=95E4D9B3-8ECF-4B90-AC3E-3187852F20FD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;leagues in NRW 2018/2019&lt;/a&gt;), only 32 – 0.02% or &lt;strong&gt;1 in 4500&lt;/strong&gt; – ended in 30-29. In top-level sports the scores may be closer, but many players have played only a couple of games to 30-29 in their life, and some none at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2019-07-14T11:22:54.737" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T11:22:54.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22797" CreationDate="2019-07-14T13:25:00.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a double. If you get a base hit and reach second on the play without any errors being made on the player it is scored as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;double&lt;/a&gt;, assuming it was not on a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fielders choice&lt;/a&gt; (which is unlikely to allow you to reach second anyway, unless if there is an error).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16606" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T13:25:00.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22803" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-14T18:02:52.350" Score="4" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right now, a tiebreak is being played in the Wimbledon 2019 men's final between Djokovic and Federer. This is different from how it was before; in past Wimbledon tournaments, players were required to win the final set by 2 games, leading to the 70-68 score in the final set between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mahut and Isner in 2010&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the first occurrence of a tiebreak in the final set on Wimbledon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T16:42:46.883" Title="Is Djokovic - Federer 2019 the first Wimbledon match to have a tiebreak in the final set?" Tags="|tennis|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22803" CreationDate="2019-07-14T18:25:36.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some research (which took longer than the final tiebreak itself), the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/scores/stats/2406.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Women's fourth round match between Muchova and Pliskova&lt;/a&gt; almost featured a final tiebreak, but the set ended in 13-11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; a final tiebreak in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/scores/stats/3305.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gentlemen's Doubles third round match Kontinen &amp;amp; Peers vs. Ram &amp;amp; Salisbury&lt;/a&gt;, so the Men's final was not the first occurrence, but it was the first occurrence in the Singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, unless the tiebreak rules were different in ancient times; I'm not too sure about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T18:25:36.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22814" CreationDate="2019-07-14T19:20:13.403" Score="3" ViewCount="3203" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering. The 5 red lights, that light up 1 by 1 for the start of the race, and then the race starts when they all shut down. When were they introduced? And are there any advantages to the five lights system over a basic Green light/Red light system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T10:55:02.283" Title="Five red lights in F1 - When were they introduced and do they bring any advantage?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7427" CreationDate="2019-07-15T04:35:55.173" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Chasing team always batting first due to minimize the time.&#xA;Because toss will also take time when bowling side batting first then padding for a batsma also take time.So chasing side always batting first&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17718" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T04:35:55.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17600" CreationDate="2019-07-15T10:02:52.373" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think if the defense recovers in their own endzone,  and doesn't run it out, it ends the play (no points). It is only if they run and sweep back into their endzone and get tackled/fumble,  then it can be a (1 point) safety against them (defense). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17719" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T10:02:52.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3546" CreationDate="2019-07-15T10:16:46.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An NFL score can end up say 6 to 1 (but not 1 to 0). If the offense scores a touchdown (6 points) then kicks the extra point (a &quot;try&quot;) and that kick is blocked, in the NFL (and I think at all levels of NCAA football and high school),  the defense can try to pick up the blocked kick and return it for a score (technically called a defensive 2-point conversion). But if the defense fumbles that blocked return way downfield say at the one yardline (right before reaching the opposite endzone to score) and the ball us recovered again by the kicking team, but way back now at their own 1 yard line. Then the original kicking team (offense) tries to run the ball back again,  but they somehow get tackled in their own endzone (ie a safety). That would be a 1-point safety for the defense. If the game ended that way,  the final score would be 6 to 1. Note, the only way a 1-point safety can happen is on a try (extra point or 2-point conversion), thus a 1 to 0 final score is impossible,  it must be at least 6 to 1. Very rare, but the strange defensive safety has happened before (more common now is the 2 point defensive conversion because of the tougher extra point tries and relaxed return rules. An NFL game was decided a couple-three years back on such a conversion play).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17719" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T10:16:46.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-15T10:33:40.927" Score="5" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2019 Cricket World Cup final, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Kwu1yIC-ssg?t=325&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a throw to the wicket from Martin Guptill hit Ben Stokes's bat and ran away to the boundary&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/boundaries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Law 19.8&lt;/a&gt; which deals with &quot;Overthrow or wilful act of fielder&quot; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the boundary results from an overthrow or from the wilful act of a fielder, the runs scored shall be any runs for penalties awarded to either side, and the allowance for the boundary, and the runs completed by the batsmen, together with the run in progress if they had already crossed at the instant of the throw or act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that when Guptill threw from the boundary Stokes and Rashid were just starting their second run and had not crossed, so was this an error by the umpires?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This question was originally raised by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27191816/should-england-got-five-not-six-overthrows&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Cricinfo&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15032" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-07-16T12:39:53.503" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T05:20:07.397" Title="In the 2019 Cricket World Cup final, should Guptill's overthrow have resulted in 5 or 6 runs?" Tags="|rules|cricket|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22805" CreationDate="2019-07-15T10:55:02.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The current system was introduced for the start of the 1996 season - prior to that it was some configuration of reds and greens that varied in exact specifications by year and circuit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The elementary advantage is that one bank of lights is more reliable than two - off the top of my head there was at least one occasion where the reds went out but the greens failed to light, and the drivers went anyway, so the signal was clearly understood!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current setup also allows unambiguous use of the green lights for formation lap signalling, often in conjunction with the amber abort lights - see the sporting regulations article 36 for that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When the green lights are illuminated, all cars on the grid should begin the formation lap with&#xA;  the pole position driver leading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a car develops a problem that could endanger the start the driver must immediately raise his hands above his head and the marshal responsible for that row must immediately wave a yellow flag. If the race director decides the start should be aborted the green lights will be illuminated two seconds after the abort lights are switched on, a board saying “EXTRA FORMATION LAP” will be displayed and all cars able to do so must complete a further formation lap whilst the car which developed the problem is moved into the pit lane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15765" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T10:55:02.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22813" CreationDate="2019-07-15T11:44:17.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on the definition of an overthrow. It seems that the current set of &lt;a href=&quot;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/27/c9264750-2778-44df-949f-d1a8dfbdc402/04-Mens-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; (pdf) don't define what an overthrow is, only refer to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I see in the video replay, the ball was en route to its intended target - the vicinity of the stumps, so it would have either hit the stumps or been collected by the wicketkeeper &lt;strong&gt;had&lt;/strong&gt; Stokes' bat not gotten in the way. But it did, and the deflection resulted in a boundary. So when did the 'overthrow' happen? Usually, when an overthrow happens, there is no intermediate intervention between the start of the throw and when the ball overshoots its target as the ball's trajectory is away from any collecting fielders. IMHO, the contact with the bat was the decisive point at which the throw became an &quot;overthrow&quot;. So, I would award the second run to England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17720" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T11:44:17.623" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22813" CreationDate="2019-07-15T14:09:12.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer: Law 19.8 is ambiguous and could be interpreted as permitting either 5 or 6 runs. 5 runs would be the common interpretation, though.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Explanation&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the Cricket World Cup 2019 Playing Conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overthrow or wilful act of fielder&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the boundary results from an overthrow or from the wilful act of a&#xA;fielder, the runs scored shall be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] the allowance for&#xA;the boundary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the runs completed by the batsmen, together with the run in progress&#xA;if they had already crossed at the instant of the throw or act.&#xA;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Facts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Martin Guptill released the ball before Stokes and Rashid crossed on their second run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There was no further contact with a New Zealand fielder before it crossed the boundary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preliminary question: when does the overthrow take place?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overthrow, as the term implies, happens at the instant when the fielder &lt;em&gt;throws&lt;/em&gt; the ball. There is no scope for it being extended to an action of the batsman. Therefore the fact that it touched the bat of Stokes has no bearing on any runs scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should the finally completed runs be counted, or only the runs crossed at point of overthrow?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the sentence is worded means that either option is a valid interpretation. It does not specify whether &lt;em&gt;at the instant of the throw or act&lt;/em&gt; refers to both &lt;em&gt;the runs completed&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;the run in progress&lt;/em&gt;, or just to &lt;em&gt;the run in progress&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without any further information either way, it would be reasonable to assume that &lt;em&gt;the runs completed&lt;/em&gt; means completed before the ball goes dead (as it does in normal cricket scoring) - in this case, before it crosses the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, standard practice by umpires - supported by the MCC's e-learning guide (not an authority in itself, but gives an idea of how Laws are usually understood) - is to assume that it means &lt;em&gt;the runs completed at the instant of the throw, plus the runs crossed on at the instant of the throw&lt;/em&gt; - hence &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27194046/umpires-made-error-judgement-awarding-six-runs-says-simon-taufel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;former international umpire's Simon Taufel's opinion&lt;/a&gt; that one extra run should have been scored rather than two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Law 19.8 had read as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] the runs completed by the batsmen at the instant of the throw or act, together with the run in progress if they had already crossed at that instant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the matter would be unambiguously settled in favour of 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Law 19.8 had read as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] the runs completed by the batsmen at the instant of the boundary, together with the run in progress if they had already crossed at the instant of the throw or act&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the matter would be unambiguously settled in favour of 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it was, either possibility is a valid interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, comments by umpire Dharmasena after the match shows that he and Erasmus were using the common interpretation of the law (that is, 5 runs rather than 6). &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27232695/i-never-regret-decision-kumar-dharmasena&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dharmesena explained&lt;/a&gt; that since the second run had been completed at the time of the ricochet, he and Erasmus assumed &amp;quot;that they had crossed each other at the time of fielder releasing the ball.&amp;quot; Geoff Allardice, ICC general manager, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27271908/want-every-match-world-test-championship-count&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;confirmed&lt;/a&gt; that &amp;quot;they were aware of the law when they made the judgement about whether the batsmen had crossed or not at the time&amp;quot; (and as a side point, also confirmed that &amp;quot;the playing conditions don't allow them to refer such a decision to a third umpire&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MCC's World Cricket Committee &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/lords/news-stories/mcc-world-cricket-committee-statements-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;subsequently discussed Law 19.8&lt;/a&gt;, concluding that they &amp;quot;felt the Law was clear&amp;quot; but also announcing that the matter would be reviewed by the Laws sub-committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="768" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T12:30:16.747" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22803" CreationDate="2019-07-15T16:42:46.883" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;2019 is the year when tie-break in the 5th was introduced at both Australian Open and Wimbledon&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The Djokovic-Federer final was the first Wimbledon mens's singles match to end in a tie-break&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As @Glorfindel pointed out, in doubles it occurred couple days earlier in the 3rd Round  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At Australian though, after reaching 6-6, a tie-break until 10 is played (margin of 2 is required obviously).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So French Open remains the only Grand Slam tournament without a tie-break in the 5th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 1971, there was no tie-break in any of the sets actually :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T16:42:46.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22824" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-17T22:14:48.690" Score="-1" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to start(for the first time) playing cricket for another country?&#xA;if so, then does the U.S Passport work for Australia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17734" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T13:39:47.647" Title="How to start (for first time) playing cricket for another country's team?" Tags="|cricket|icc|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22826" CreationDate="2019-07-18T16:45:36.320" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a pitch hits a batter in the strike zone, it is my understanding that it is a strike.  What if a pitch nicks the strike zone say on the low and inside edge, but hits the batters ankle out of the strike zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17738" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T17:46:00.363" Title="Hit by pitch or strike?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22825" CreationDate="2019-07-18T17:46:00.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 5.05(2)b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a batter is struck with a pitch &lt;strong&gt;while it is in the strike zone&lt;/strong&gt;, it should be a strike. Otherwise, it is a ball or a HBP, depending on if the batter tried to get out the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T17:46:00.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-19T01:51:36.430" Score="1" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today against the Atlanta Braves, Washington Nationals pitcher Stephen Strasburg started the third inning with a single and later hit a three-run home run in that same inning. When was the last time a pitcher got two hits as a hitter in the same inning? Is there a list of all such occurrences? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7775" LastActivityDate="2021-01-15T03:03:55.513" Title="Multiple hits in an inning by a pitcher" Tags="|baseball|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18712" CreationDate="2019-07-20T23:40:49.937" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Luis Ricardo Guevara Mora (Born 2 september 1962? 1964?); goalkeeper of El Salvador in Spain'82 could be at least one of youngest goalkeeper in world cup history. Some Salvadoran journalists say that he was 18 years old when he played the world cup, it is the age that appears on the official world cup album (although FIFA reports that he was 20), He would have lied his age to the authorities of the Federation to be able to collect the travel expenses for his participation in the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17746" LastEditorUserId="17746" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T23:46:48.233" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T23:46:48.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22831" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-21T16:21:53.130" Score="2" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that a team from a country consists of max 4 players. Of the total 4 singles matches played at the Cup, I've always observed that a single player only plays in at most 2 matches. I was wondering whether it was due to any regulation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17748" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-23T11:23:37.167" LastActivityDate="2019-07-23T11:23:37.167" Title="Can the same person play all matches in the Fed Cup?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22831" CreationDate="2019-07-21T18:42:43.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, she can't. The regulations can be found on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fedcup.com/en/organisation/rules-regulations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;, and rule 32(b) in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fedcup.com/media/299243/299243.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In  singles,  each  team  shall  consist  of  two  players,  who  shall each play against  each  of  the  opposing  team to  the  best  of three  tie-break sets. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T18:42:43.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-22T11:51:36.077" Score="3" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose someone could drive the ball well using a left or right handed driver?  Could this give them big advantage?  Downside is they would have to give up a club in order to carry 2 drivers.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17751" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T18:14:02.020" Title="Would a “switch hitting” golfer have an advantage in pga?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22838" CreationDate="2019-07-23T10:11:47.217" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MLS, NBA, MLB and NHL are considered mostly as USA leagues but they have teams from Canada. Are there other national leagues (any sport) that are mostly from one country but have teams from other nations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17756" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T09:17:37.337" Title="Are there other national leagues with other country teams?" Tags="|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22837" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-23T10:27:19.157" Score="2" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can an umpire overrule a player that called against themselves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17757" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-24T19:43:14.493" LastActivityDate="2019-08-24T21:00:39.367" Title="When a player calls against themselves, can the umpire overrule them?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22836" CreationDate="2019-07-23T11:02:20.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The North American examples certainly aren't unique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Monaco has teams in the French systems for various sports, including both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Monaco_FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; (Ligue 1) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_sportive_de_Monaco_(volley-ball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;volleyball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A number of examples in the UK football systems:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Welsh &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cardiff City&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swansea City&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrexham_A.F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wrexham&lt;/a&gt; play in the English system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The English &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwick_Rangers_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Berwick Rangers&lt;/a&gt; play in the Scottish system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Saints_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The New Saints&lt;/a&gt;, who represent both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain&lt;/a&gt; in Wales and the much larger &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswestry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oswestry&lt;/a&gt; in England, play in the Welsh system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Northern Irish &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_City_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Derry City FC&lt;/a&gt; play in the Republic of Ireland system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kontinental Hockey League&lt;/a&gt; has teams mostly from Russia (19 in the last season) but also from Belarus, China, Finland, Kazakhstan and Latvia (1 from each in the last season).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erste_Liga_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Erste Liga&lt;/a&gt; (formerly MOL liga) is an ice-hockey liga with teams from Hungary, Romania, Austria. (And in the past there was also one team from Slovakia and one team from Serbia.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since the 2018-19 season, some Hungarian teams play in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipsport_liga_(hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tipsport liga&lt;/a&gt; - Slovak ice hockey league.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino_Calcio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Marino Calcio&lt;/a&gt; plays in Italian football system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;New Zealand has teams in a range of Australian sports leagues: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Warriors&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Warriors in the NRL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Breakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Breakers in the NBL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington_Phoenix_FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Phoenix in the A-League&lt;/a&gt;, and various previous conjoint rugby, cricket and netball competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andorran teams play in Spanish leagues, mostly lower level leagues. However, in basketball, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Andorra&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BC Andorra&lt;/a&gt; plays in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_ACB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liga ACB&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liechtenstein does not have a Football League on its own. All Liechtenstein clubs participate in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_Liechtenstein&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swiss Leagues&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Teams from both Estonia and Latvia play in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Men_Volleyball_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baltic Men Volleyball League&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-07-29T09:17:37.337" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T09:17:37.337" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-23T11:02:20.090" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22833" CreationDate="2019-07-24T18:14:02.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;TL;DR - Yes, it would be an advantage, but likely a very small advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest advantage of being able drive from both sides of the ball comes from shot shaping. I'm going to assume our standard golfer is right handed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a right handed golfer, a slice would be an extreme left to right movement off the tee, a fade would be a slight left to right, a draw would be a slight right to left, and a hook would be an extreme right to left. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certain holes are considered &quot;dog-leg&quot; holes, and feature a very distinct change in direction. Off the tee, PGA players usually want to hit their shot in a shape that matches the direction of the hole. A dog-leg right would be played with a fade from our right handed golfer, ideally landing in the fairway, &quot;around the turn&quot; from the tee box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A perfect golfer wold be equally capable of hitting fades and draws(slices and hooks almost always mean that a player made a mistake, and the ball was not ideally hit). However, no golfers are perfect, and most will be more successful at either hitting a fade or a draw. If a switch hitter was better at hitting a fade, they would hit right handed on a dog leg right and left handed on a dog leg left. If they were more adept at draws, they would do the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An assumption I'm making is that the player has the same exact swing from both sides. If they do not, they might be better at fades from one side of the ball and draws from the other, meaning the flight of the ball will the same from both sides, not mirrored, providing little if any advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The versatility of having easier shot shaping off the tee is certainly an advantage for anyone who cannot already hit excellent draws and fades. How much of an advantage is another question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Realistically, from the tee, a golfer would only hit the opposite hand drive ~5 times per round(Though this can vary by course/ conditions, for PGA golfers it may not even be that much). The advantage per shot is likely only a half shot on average. A ideal shot shape will not save you a shot over a straight ball shape every time. Being 30-40 yards closer to the hole on a par 4 or 5 will not always translate to a better score, but it often will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So ~5 times per 18 holes, gain ~2-3 shot per 18. That sounds great! Except for in order to use another driver, you must lose a club as well. So where you gain ~2-3 strokes, you might lose a couple strokes as well; Which club to replace depends entirely on the golfer and course, but by replacing any club, you will be forced to play shots with a sub-optimal club. So where you make up on the drives, you will be forced to hit a 4 iron when you should hit a missing 3-wood, or a 9 iron when you should hit a pitching wedge. These drawbacks would likely outweigh the advantages, but that depends on the skill of the player and the course they are playing. A long course with lots of fairway bunkers may call for the extra driver, as shot shaping to avoid hazards would be very beneficial, where a short course with deep green side bunkers and small greens would mean that an extra wedge would come in handy more than a driver. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, it is conceivable that it would be an advantage for a PGA pro, but most peoples time would be best spent practicing putting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T18:14:02.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22842" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2019-07-25T04:02:57.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more information see wikipedia's article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;water polo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T14:04:50.373" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T14:04:50.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22843" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2019-07-25T04:02:57.297" Score="0" Body="For questions about the sport of water polo." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T04:02:57.297" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T04:02:57.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22844" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-25T08:39:24.770" Score="1" ViewCount="367" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Urcbi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pDrub.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xE9be.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman missed the ball and even the keeper couldn't catch it. The ball was in the air after touching the keeper's hand, the batsman was inside of the crease. Later the keeper took the ball and was trying to give it back to the bowler and at the same time the batsman came out of the crease while balancing himself,  and the keeper stumped him.&#xA;The batsman's intention was not to take  a run but was trying to balance himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that out or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ilrVw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1aD41.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17767" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-07-26T01:48:14.427" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T09:50:49.307" Title="Stumping in cricket" Tags="|cricket|icc|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22844" CreationDate="2019-07-25T10:16:33.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batsman is clearly &lt;strong&gt;Out, Stumped&lt;/strong&gt;. The situation meets all four requirements of Law 39.1.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball is delivered and not a No ball,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the batsman is out of their ground,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the batsman has not attempted a run, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the wicket is put down by the wicketkeeper without intervention by another fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the exception in Law 39.3.1 does not apply (the batsman is trying to keep balanced, not avoid injury) they are Out Stumped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T10:16:33.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22846" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-25T14:41:31.910" Score="2" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0JuJr.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a batsman ask the umpire to check whether the fielder touches the rope?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17768" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-01T06:49:28.713" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T01:06:05.620" Title="Can a batsmen ask umpire to check whether the fielder touches the rope" Tags="|cricket|officiating|cricket-world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22837" CreationDate="2019-07-25T20:28:53.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Caveat: When you say &quot;called against themselves&quot;, I assume you mean the player advocates a decision that would result in putting himself at a disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, the umpire could overrule it...but in practice he never does because the player is usually doing it in the spirit of good sportsmanship.  E.g., opponent hits a shot that gets called out but player says it was really in, so the umpire will give the opponent the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17769" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T20:28:53.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22786" CreationDate="2019-07-25T20:34:35.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the hit was unintentional, then that's grounds for a let (i.e. replay the point).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If the hit was done intentionally, then that's grounds for default due to the over-the-top, dangerous behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17769" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T20:34:35.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22711" CreationDate="2019-07-25T20:44:54.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer depends on the scoring system used.  If traditional scoring is used, then a single GAME can last forever if the score keeps going to deuce (i.e. a game is won by the first player to win four points, with a two point advantage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A single set could last forever if tiebreaker scoring is not used (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isner%E2%80%93Mahut_match_at_the_2010_Wimbledon_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Isner-Mahut match&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17769" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T20:44:54.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22455" CreationDate="2019-07-26T00:36:28.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. You can't goaltend a shot that won't count. For example, if the clock runs out and &lt;strong&gt;THEN&lt;/strong&gt;, someone shoots (after the buzzer) and a player on the opposing team hits the ball off of the rim of the hoop (or 'goaltend's' in some other way) the points are still invalid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17770" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T00:36:28.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22824" CreationDate="2019-07-26T13:39:47.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In order to be considered eligible to play for a given country the International Cricket Council (ICC) requires the player to meet at least one of the following criteria for nationality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.1.1 the Player was born in the country whose domestic cricket governing body is the National&#xA;  Cricket Federation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.1.2 at the date of submission of the relevant information to the ICC, the Player is able to&#xA;  demonstrate (by his/her possession of a valid passport issued by the relevant country) that&#xA;  he/she is a national of the country whose domestic cricket governing body is the National&#xA;  Cricket Federation; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.1.3 at the date of submission of the relevant information to the ICC, the Player is a Resident&#xA;  of the country whose domestic cricket governing body is the National Cricket Federation.&#xA;  For the purposes of this Article, a Player will be deemed to be a ‘Resident' of a particular&#xA;  country if the Player has had his/her primary and permanent home in the relevant country&#xA;  for the immediately preceding three years, and Residence and Residency shall be&#xA;  construed accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for your hypothetical American passport holder assuming they weren't born in Australia the most likely way they could achieve eligibility would be to a resident of a country whose cricket was governed by Cricket Australia for 3 years preceeding selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T13:39:47.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22844" CreationDate="2019-07-27T08:50:05.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I initially wrote this as a comment on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/22845/6216&quot;&gt;Nij's Answer&lt;/a&gt; but thought it deserved its own answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It depends on if the Umpire has deemed the ball to be dead&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20 - Dead Ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; The ball becomes dead when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.1.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; it is finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.1.2&lt;/strong&gt; The ball shall be considered to be dead when it is clear to the bowler’s end umpire that the fielding side and both batsmen at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.2&lt;/strong&gt; Ball finally settled&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the ball is finally settled or not is a matter for the umpire alone to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case, does the umpire deem the wicketkeeper's action to start throwing back the ball to the bowler as &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the fielding side and both batsmen at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the umpire still believes the ball to still be in play, then it is &lt;strong&gt;Out&lt;/strong&gt; as highlighted in Nij's answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In actual fact the batsman (LJ Evans) in this case was out &lt;strong&gt;Run Out&lt;/strong&gt;, not stumped, as the umpire has deemed the batsman to be attempting a run (probably because he thought the wicket-keeper has missed the ball), and not trying to regain their balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8053/scorecard/1167145/sussex-vs-hampshire-south-group-vitality-blast&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scorecard&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T09:50:49.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22861" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-28T03:42:16.173" Score="1" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct call on the following case:&#xA;A set that was going the cross the net anyway, the blocker reached beyond the net, the attacker missed the ball, and the ball touched the blocker on the attacker side before the third hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17782" LastActivityDate="2020-04-25T20:03:45.393" Title="Blocking beyond the net on a &quot;missed&quot; attack hit" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22509" CreationDate="2019-07-29T18:12:04.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, this isn't really what it referred to as overruling a call. This situation describes an appeal - a play has ended, but the defense claims that the offense did something wrong. Making such a ruling is something an umpire is allowed to do.  In my experience, an appeal always comes about as an attempt to get a base runner out for failing to tag up properly on a fly ball or missing a base when advancing to the next one. This sort of thing happens fairly frequently, especially in youth games where players may not be accustomed to the rules, are overly anxious to advance on the bases, or are just poor running the bases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Admittedly, I don't have a detailed knowledge of the rules, but I believe it's only convention that an umpire must see a play to make a ruling. While the convention is nearly always followed, it's not hard to imagine a situation where an umpire would make a ruling without seeing something happen. One such example: At a game with a single umpire, let's say there is a runner at third base with less than two outs and a fly ball is hit to deep right field. The umpire watches the ball to see if it is caught. The ball is caught and the runner almost immediately touches home plate.  The defensive team throws the ball to third base. Now, even though it wasn't possible for the umpire to literally see the runner leave the base before the ball was caught, should the umpire call the runner out because he obviously left the base early, or should he allow the run to score? The reasonable thing is for the umpire to call the runner out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be unusual (in my experience) for an umpire to call a runner out on appeal if he (the umpire) had not seen whether the runner touched the base and there wasn't an obvious violation (as in the example above). Thus I would think that either the manager presented some sort of convincing evidence, or the runner (or his manager) admitted that the plate had not been touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T18:50:58.040" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T18:50:58.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22879" CreationDate="2019-07-30T11:40:24.253" Score="-1" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read that recently last year that Red Bull racing cars have the best chassis.&#xA;How do we analyse the chassis of an F1 Car? &#xA;what is the science behind the best chassis and the worst?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17790" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T13:58:39.373" Title="Best Chassis in F1 cars" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-08-16T07:44:00.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22869" CreationDate="2019-07-30T14:18:32.450" Score="2" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering that there have been plenty of more successful teams both in football (NE Patriots - 6 SB wins) and in American sports in general (GS Warriors, LA Lakers, NY Yankees, etc.) in the past two decades. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-09T06:01:10.983" LastActivityDate="2019-10-09T06:01:10.983" Title="Why are the Cowboys known as &quot;America's team&quot;?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22867" CreationDate="2019-07-30T14:52:22.863" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just the nickname that was picked by one of the team workers for a campaign. Just like how the Mets go by Amazins and Miracle Mets and how the Yankees get Bombers and Evil Empire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Near the end of the 70's someone said &quot;This team is on TV more than anyone else&quot; and the name was chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17792" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T14:52:22.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22867" CreationDate="2019-07-30T15:05:23.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's actually a full Wikipedia page detailing how the Cowboys came to be known as America's Team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nickname originated with the team's 1978 highlight film, where the narrator (John Facenda) opens with the following introduction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They appear on television so often that their faces are as familiar to the public as presidents and movie stars. They are the Dallas Cowboys, &amp;quot;America's Team&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since that original usage, the name has been used frequently on national broadcasts and the name stuck.  There has been debate over whether the nickname is deserved as the team doesn't necessarily represent the best team or the most popular team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Team&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T15:05:23.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22861" CreationDate="2019-07-30T18:12:07.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, I believe that the &amp;quot;block&amp;quot; is a legal hit.  There are two particular rules I'll reference that I found in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/3944/17776&quot;&gt;another answer&lt;/a&gt;.  Basically, it is legal to touch the ball on the other side of the net so long as the ball is not moving parallel to the net, you do not interfere with the opponent's shot, and the opponent has made an attacking hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(11.1.1) In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play before or during the latter's attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.3 BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT’S SPACE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an opponent has executed an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules2013-EN_V08_20130516.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt; FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2013–2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the previous answer provides an example from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB_VB_Casebook_2013_v4.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; indicating a similar scenario and the correct ruling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.32&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a second hit, a player passed the ball near the net towards the opponent’s court. The ball did not penetrate the vertical plane of the net. In the 1st referee's opinion, no player of ‘A’ could possibly reach the ball. The blocker of ‘B’ reached across the plane of the net and blocked the ball. What is the correct decision of the 1st referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though it was only the second team hit, if the ball is moving in the direction to the opponent's court, it is an attack hit. Because, in the referee's opinion, no player of ‘A’ could possibly have reached the ball, the block of ‘B’ was legal. (Rules 13.1.1, 14.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is somewhat difficult to call.  If the blocking player interfered prior to the attempt by the attacker, it would be a fault. However, if the attacker missed his attempt prior to the blocker's touch, I believe it to be a legal hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T18:12:07.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22631" CreationDate="2019-07-30T18:46:09.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Searching through several web sites, I have not found anything that explicitly states how match ups are set. However, it seems the captain of each team picks the player(s) for each match &quot;blindly&quot; - without regard to ranking or foreknowledge of which player will be their opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supporting this, we have a few facts. Firstly, the &quot;how it works&quot; page on the event's &lt;a href=&quot;https://lavercup.com/how-it-works&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;web site&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Captain’s Role&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The captains are responsible for selecting the three captain’s picks as well as the players for singles and doubles matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the same page, but closer to the top:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Friday’s line-up is announced on Thursday afternoon.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Saturday’s line-up is announced an hour after play ends on Friday night.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Sunday’s line-up is announced an hour after play ends on Saturday night.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Match-ups are determined through the exchange of line-up cards by the captains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A line up card would simply state something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match 1: Player A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match 2: Player B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match 3: Player C&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Match 4: Players D &amp;amp; E&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies that each captain chooses the players to play in each match without knowing who a given player will play against.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, blind match ups are how golf's Ryder Cup operates. Given that the Laver Cup is somewhat modeled off the Ryder Cup, it seems likely that the Laver Cup would copy this method of matching up opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-08-05T19:02:24.467" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T19:02:24.467" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2714" CreationDate="2019-07-30T19:17:52.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In regards to the score versus par number referenced, it's difficult to ascertain a specific answer about how it compares against other greats.  However, I think we can safely say that Tiger's number is the lowest in history for the following reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Yearly Scoring Average&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the list of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.liveabout.com/pga-vardon-trophy-winners-1561104&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vardon Trophy winners&lt;/a&gt; shows a list of the lowest scoring average for golfers each year as far back when Jimmy Demaret averaged 69.90 for the year in 1947.  Viewing these numbers, Tiger Woods won this award and subsequently held the lowest scoring average 9 times (1999 - 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013) with an average over those 9 years of 68.39.  Only 14 other golfers won the award more than once.  Additionally, no other golfer on the list even scored as low as the AVERAGE of Tiger's 9 years in a single year.  Before 1988, there were only 10 years in which the lowest yearly scoring average was lower than 70.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This strongly suggests that no one in history has come close to touching Tiger's historic low scoring records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Scoring In Majors (versus Jack)&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The widely-regarded top 2 golfers in history are, of course, Tiger Woods and Jack Nicklaus.  Jack is the most likely to have a chance to match Tiger in this career score versus par considering his long-term success in majors and the PGA Tour in general.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://golf.swingbyswing.com/players/by-the-numbers-tiger-woods-vs-jack-nicklaus/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This link from 2014&lt;/a&gt; sought to compare Jack and Tiger over their first 14 major tournament wins.  The stats near the bottom of the page tell the tale quite well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scoring Average: Jack 71.41, Tiger 70.82&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Score Versus Par: Jack +78, Tiger -109&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in a small sample of 14 wins each, Tiger outscores probably the second best in history by 187 strokes -- or an average of more than 13 strokes better per major. It's hard to imagine a scenario that Jack finished with a better career scoring total versus par considering these numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 1947, stats are somewhat harder to come by, but a quick look at some of the greats from that era show that scores were much higher during those times.  Additionally, match play was much more common in the majors during those times so an accurate number would be impossible to measure.  However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Hagen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Walter Hagen&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bobby Jones&lt;/a&gt; are the best regarded golfers of that era and looking at even a few of their winning scores shows that they were nowhere near the level of low scoring seen in today's Tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T20:32:42.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22876" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-31T06:22:11.177" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do players intend to take the ball with them after they have scored a goal? In addition to this, the opponent players(especially goalkeepers) don't intend to give away the ball. What could be the reason behind that? Answer from both scorer's and goalkeepers point of view would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16007" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T06:36:25.393" Title="Taking the ball after scoring penalty" Tags="|football|scoring|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-07-31T09:43:21.667" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22876" CreationDate="2019-07-31T06:36:25.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the scoring team is still behind (say, the score was 2-0 but after the goal it's 2-1), the scoring team wants to continue the game as soon as possible, in order to score another goal. On the other hand, the goalkeeper's team will benefit from a delay, so they tend to keep the ball as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, I've seen some instances where the ball becomes part of the small celebration the scoring team holds (especially late in the game when the goal is likely to be decisive). Whether this happens varies from team to team and is just one of the traditional habits of any sport, without a special meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T06:36:25.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22878" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-31T13:28:56.707" Score="1" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;Abbreviations on tennis tournamentss. I know LL (lucky loser), SE (special exempt) , PR (protected), W (wild card), Q (qualifier), but now there is (O) appearing next to names. What is (O) qualifying for tourneys?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17795" LastActivityDate="2022-02-07T12:01:30.260" Title="Abbreviations on tennis tournaments" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2022-02-07T12:18:58.763" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22866" CreationDate="2019-07-31T13:58:39.373" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are various aspects to what makes a good chassis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ideal chassis gives lots of downforce to be fast through corners, but has little drag in order to be fast in a straight line. Unfortunately adding downforce tends to add drag, so it's a trade-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good chassis also gives consistent downforce: it's no good if it only provides downforce when travelling straight, and not when turning through a corner. It should also provide balance - i.e. similar amounts of downforce on the front and rear wheels; if there isn't enough downforce on the front wheels the car will understeer; if there isn't enough on the rear wheels it will oversteer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally when F1 commentators and fans talk about &quot;the best chassis&quot; they're talking about the one that produces the most downforce, i.e. is fastest through the corners. Telemetry from F1 (not always publically available as far as I know) can show the minimum speed a car has used when going through a corner, the higher the minimum speed the better the chassis. Articles such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.friday-pace-analysis-german-grand-prix-2019.3SNrm6JdlyUnOYxdPtSx2d.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this German GP one&lt;/a&gt; from formula1.com compare relative gaps in seconds between the different teams in slow, medium and fast corners, as well as on the straights. (As speed is distance/time, then comparing time through a corner is effectively the same as comparing who carried the most speed through the corner.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9868" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T13:58:39.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22846" CreationDate="2019-08-01T05:37:47.033" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;para 3.1.2&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;Appendix D&lt;/strong&gt; in ICC rules on &lt;a href=&quot;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/10/05/226f919d-1bdd-4719-a32b-11b582a1c8a0/ICC-Men-s-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-2017-Code-FINAL-051017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Men’s Test Match Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;, effective from  28th September 2017 elaborates on this aspect. It reads &quot;No other decisions made by the umpires are eligible for a Player Review with the exception of Fair&#xA;Catch/Bump Ball (even after the third umpire has been consulted and the decision communicated).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the batsman can make a request for the review. The outcome of this review can be 1. Out, 2. Not out, 3. Four runs or 4. Six runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="247" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T05:37:47.033" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22894" CreationDate="2019-08-01T12:42:00.877" Score="12" ViewCount="3398" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you've been following the 2019 International Champions Cup, you've certainly not missed Benfica's unorthodox goal kick against Milan (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/SjorsvVeen/status/1155587200840544256&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;clip on Twitter&lt;/a&gt;). If you can't see the video, just know the goalkeeper had a defender stay very close to him, so he could flick the ball to his centre-back, who then headed it back to him so he could pick it up with his hands and resume play more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/46cJV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/46cJV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I originally thought this would not be allowed, as Law 12 punished whoever uses a trick to circumvent the backpass rule, and the fact there are two offenders instead of just one shouldn't change anything, especially in a case like this where the intent of circumventing the law is clear as day (&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/94/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are different circumstances when a player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour including if a player (...) uses a deliberate trick to pass the ball (including from a free kick) to the goalkeeper with the head, chest, knee etc. to circumvent the Law, whether or not the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it appears that several people have contacted the IFAB following this situation, and surprisingly enough they have stated this kind of goal kick is legal. But while it's obviously up to them to decide what constitutes unsporting behaviour (so I can't really complain there), what truly puzzles me is their explanation as to why this should be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to many people, including Dale Johnson (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/DaleJohnsonESPN/status/1156134912690442242&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link to his tweet&lt;/a&gt;), the IFAB said this is legal because &lt;em&gt;&quot;[n]o handling backpass Law &lt;strong&gt;was designed to prevent time-wasting&lt;/strong&gt; and actions here are &lt;strong&gt;clearly not to waste time&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. This is also confirmed by other tweets which provide screenshots of emails written by David Elleray himself (Technical Director of the IFAB), that again mention the fact that &lt;em&gt;&quot;no law [was] broken&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, and that &lt;em&gt;&quot;game [was] &lt;strong&gt;restarted quickly&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/KirkshawsColts/status/1156442448597606400&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link to tweet&lt;/a&gt;, image below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/u42HM.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/u42HM.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, let's consider that sentence from Law 12 again, the one that punishes trickery; it's considered unsporting behaviour, meaning that something about it is against the spirit of the game. This &lt;em&gt;&quot;something&quot;&lt;/em&gt; can only be one of these two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the unfair action is trying to circumvent the Laws, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;OR&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it is specifically going against the spirit of the backpass law.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if the correct answer were the first one, this means that &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; attempt to circumvent a rule could result in a yellow card (remember that the list of unsporting behaviour offences is a mere list of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;examples&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which could be expanded to include any other act or behaviour the referee deems to be just as unfair), which would then clearly include this situation as well. Yet the email in that screenshot clearly states that &lt;em&gt;&quot;no Law [was] broken&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which means this can't be the correct interpretation; I've heard the IFAB also likened this situation (but sadly I have no screenshots of this) to kicking the ball at an opponent while taking a free kick in order to replay it, which &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be seen as a way of circumventing the rules, but is instead—as we all know—permitted by the Laws themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leaves us with only one possible option: the unfair action behind the no-trickery rule is specifically &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;going against the spirit of the backpass rule&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;—and thanks to the first tweet (but it's also hinted in the email in the screenshot) we know what that spirit is: to prevent time-wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But then, doesn't it mean that goalkeepers are able to handle most backpasses now?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very rarely do goalkeepers feel the need to handle a backpass during a &lt;em&gt;tiki-taka&lt;/em&gt; situation: this offence is more often than not called when a defender has no other choice but to kick the ball back to the keeper because he's being pressed by the opponents, and the GK accidentally picks it up with his hands. Yet there's no time-wasting ploy in the situation I just described, is there? It's just a defensive scheme, especially if the goalkeeper immediately throws the ball with his hands like the Benfica GK in the video above. Whistling for a foul here would mean going against the spirit of the law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the situation gets even more absurd when you think that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the defender flicked the ball up to his own head and then headed it back to the keeper under the very same circumstances, then &lt;strong&gt;the GK could legally pick it up according to this new interpretation&lt;/strong&gt; because they weren't trying to waste time! Which means that if we punish the foul we're applying a rule outside of the scope it was originally intended for, and therefore we're encouraging players to circumvent it in situations where the spirit of the law would not be broken, in which case we're actualy &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;told&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; not to intervene because it would be legal for them to circumvent it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you think of all of this? How should the referee deal with these offences after this groundbreaking new interpretation by the IFAB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="3526" LastEditDate="2019-08-09T01:25:07.623" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T07:26:43.670" Title="Can a goalkeeper chip the ball to the head of a teammate from a goal kick to circumvent the backpass restriction?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22889" CreationDate="2019-08-01T17:32:32.793" Score="4" ViewCount="623" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the maximum number of red cards a club has received in a single game? Please include any relevant match/ player details. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T08:06:01.347" Title="What is the maximum number of red cards a club has received in a single game?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22888" CreationDate="2019-08-01T17:45:08.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A quick Google search gave me &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/referee-brandishes-36-red-cards-in-one-match-2232288.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this story published by Independent in 2011&lt;/a&gt; where a referee expelled &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; players, substitutes and coaches included, of &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; teams. That meant each club received 18 red cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A referee has set a record by showing 36 red cards in a single game, dismissing all the players, substitutes and coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crazy scenes occurred in the fifth tier of Argentinean football between rival teams &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Claypole&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Claypole&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriano_Arenas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Victoriano Arenas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With two players already dismissed in the first half, the second descended into chaos when players went lunging into tackles and there were repeated stand-offs between them. It boiled over when a mass brawl erupted that saw the managers and coaches enter the pitch with their fists flying. Some fans were also seen joining in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referee Damian Rubino would later file his match report, in which he saw fit to serve every player with a red card, along with a further 14 people, a mixture of subs and coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T08:06:01.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22846" CreationDate="2019-08-01T23:27:05.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The players may &lt;em&gt;ask&lt;/em&gt; anything they like of the umpires, but few of those requests have bearing in the Laws or can  be forced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Playing Conditions for all international formats allow a Player Review in the Umpire Decision Review System for whether or not a batsman is out, but not for any other decision. Thus, if there has been no appeal by the fielding team for an out, and therefore no decision by the umpire, a review cannot take place. In this case the umpire must ignore the request for a review and it does not count towards the team's allocation for the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is unnecessary to ask anyway. The bowler's end umpire may ask for the advice of the third umpire if it is not clear whether a boundary has been scored, and the third umpire should advise the umpires if they believe a boundary line &quot;infringement or incident&quot; that has not been acted on. If there would be any reason for the batsman to ask, the umpires would already be checking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T23:27:05.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22888" CreationDate="2019-08-02T08:04:20.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another game with 36 red cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/mass-brawl-leads-to-referee-brandishing-36-red-cards-in-one-match-8223041.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mass brawl leads to referee brandishing 36 red cards in one match&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A referee in South America has achieved the remarkable feat of sending&#xA;  off more people than there are players on a pitch when he brandished&#xA;  36 red cards in a junior league match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The match in Paraguay between Teniente Farina and Libertad took a turn&#xA;  for the worse when referee Nestor Guillen dismissed two players in the&#xA;  dying minutes of the match. The pair ignored the referee and continued&#xA;  their feud on the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Within moments, players from both sides became involved in a mass&#xA;  brawl in which flying kicks and punches were thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The referee and his fellow officials, rather than trying to break up&#xA;  the melee, instead fled the scene.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T08:04:20.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18570" CreationDate="2019-08-02T13:13:07.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/sport/olympic/skateboarding/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Toyko Olympics&lt;/a&gt; page for the skateboarding events, the park event is a more bowl-related course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Park competitions take place on a hollowed-out course featuring a series of complicated curves – some resembling large dishes and dome-shaped bowls. From the bottom of the cavity, the curved surfaces rise steeply, with the upper part of the incline either vertical or almost vertical. Among the attractions of park competitions are the immense heights achieved by climbing the curves at speed and performing amazing mid-air tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to compare against the street event, you are correct that it takes place on a straight street-like course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This competition is held on a straight ‘street-like’ course featuring stairs, handrails, curbs, benches, walls and slopes. Each competitor performs individually, and utilises each section to demonstrate a range of skills, or ‘tricks’. Judging takes into account such factors as the degree of difficulty of the tricks, height, speed, originality, execution and the composition of moves, in order to award an overall mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T13:13:07.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22346" CreationDate="2019-08-02T14:14:33.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I can't find any sources that clearly specify why the line was set at that level, one can speculate on a few good reasons for the distance being what it is based on deduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, a standard NBA court is 50 feet wide.  In the original implementation of the 3-point line in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Basketball_League_(1961%E2%80%9362)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;American Basketball League(1961-1962)&lt;/a&gt;, the line was set at 25 feet, as you mentioned.  When the ABA introduced the 3-pointer in 1967, they actually used the same 3-point line currently used in the NBA, which is 23 feet, 9 inches. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=KcIF8rb7g9MC&amp;amp;pg=PA23&amp;amp;lpg=PA23&amp;amp;dq=american%20basketball%20league%201961%2025%20feet&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=sJqNvrgBob&amp;amp;sig=-jr74_l7S7fyqq55pqppISDjQDE&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=pxbbUtzfOIikyQHelYBo&amp;amp;ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=american%20basketball%20league%201961%2025%20feet&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;) When the ABA folded into the NBA, initially, the 3-point line was not included in the deal. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_field_goal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)  It took the NBA 3 years to adopt the 3-point line and they simply used the same measurements that the ABA had used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the line is drawn to allow 3 feet minimum along the sidelines to provide some space to shoot a 3-pointer from all legal angles. This means the distance is only 22 feet from the corners where the line is parallel to the sideline.  For these reasons, it is likely that a 25 foot line would create a major advantage to shooting a three from the sideline areas in that it is 3 feet closer to the basket.  As it is, there is still something to be said about the 1 foot 9 inch difference, but looking at an image of the current NBA court may help demonstrate another point of potential issue.  Pushing the line back further would create additional space inside the 3-point line which would cause the defense to spread even further to defend outside shooters.  The NBA attempted to increase scoring for 3 years starting in the 1994-1995 season by reducing the distance to a uniform 22 feet around the basket, with the change ultimately reverted in the 1997-1998 season.  One could then infer that any longer distance would reduce scoring -- something that the NBA clearly doesn't want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An additional point to be made is the comparison between the college and pro levels in the US.  At the college level, the distance was initially set at 19 feet 9 inches during the 1987-1988 season -- a full 4 feet closer. It was later lengthened to 20 feet 9 inches in 2007.  As the collegiate level is an amateur league, it makes sense that the court is shaped with that in mind.  Using a shorter line enforces the relationship between amateur and professional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, using the measurements below -- it is likely that the measurement was set based on distance to the backboard, though it is usually referenced by distance to the middle of the hoop.  The image below shows a 15 inch measurement between the center of the hoop and the backboard.  Adding 15 inches to 23 feet 9 inches equals a full 25 feet, backboard to top of the 3-point line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZWtuG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZWtuG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T14:14:33.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22887" CreationDate="2019-08-03T14:42:31.600" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IFAB issued a &lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/news/clarification-law-16-the-goal-kick&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;clarifiying statement&lt;/a&gt; on the matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There has been much debate about whether, at a goal kick, the goalkeeper is permitted to ‘lift’ the ball to a team mate to head or chest it back to the goalkeeper to catch and then put into play. The views of technical and refereeing experts about whether this is within the ‘spirit’ of the Laws is divided so the matter will be discussed by The IFAB. Until then, this practice should not be permitted nor should it be penalised. If it occurs the referee should order the goal kick to be re-taken (but without any disciplinary action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, the IFAB is having the same discussion as you. Until further notice, the goal kick shall be re-taken &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; yellow card. Therefore, this move is illegal, as of the writing of this post. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="17819" LastEditDate="2019-08-09T07:26:43.670" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T07:26:43.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22895" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22896" CreationDate="2019-08-04T15:44:10.297" Score="3" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day, the Astros pitched only the 14th combined no hitter in MLB history by a starter and reliever(s). I believe that there were actually more than 14 complete game no hitters by only starters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would there be fewer combined no hitters than complete game no hitters? I would imagine that it would be easier for &quot;fresh&quot; pitchers to avoid getting hit than someone who had to pitch all nine innings. Or is this somehow not the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-04T18:13:52.250" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T07:25:09.720" Title="Why are combined no hitters so rare?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22895" CreationDate="2019-08-04T16:29:06.740" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is that there are very few chances for such a feat.  Pitchers are usually replaced when they're being ineffective, not when they're doing a good job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say you'd generally need have to have one of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using an &quot;opener&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Injury to starting pitcher&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hard pitch count limit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to create such an opportunity.  Otherwise the manager is going to tend to leave the pitcher place to reward the execution and see if the starter can get the no-hitter alone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Angels combined no-hitter earlier in 2019: Taylor Cole started the game as an &quot;opener&quot; and would not be prepared to pitch a complete game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Astros combined no-hitter against the Yankees in 2003: started by Roy Oswalt, who had an injury in the first inning and had to leave the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At 6 innings and 92 pitches, Aaron Sanchez was pulled on a pitch count limitation.  That's pretty low for a starter, but I couldn't immediately find the reason for the limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use of an &quot;opener&quot; has been experimented with quite a bit recently and teams are more protective of pitchers with pitch counts.  So you could reasonably expect the rate of combined no-hitters to go up over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-08-04T16:29:06.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22900" CreationDate="2019-08-05T13:34:28.757" Score="3" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does UEFA decide how many teams per league are allowed to qualify for the Champions League tournament? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-05T14:55:52.507" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T15:46:38.533" Title="Champions League team distribution" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22899" CreationDate="2019-08-05T15:46:38.533" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Martin shared a great &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_UEFA_Champions_League#Association_team_allocation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt; in the comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The association ranking based on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_coefficient#Men%27s_Country_coefficient&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA country coefficients&lt;/a&gt; is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2018 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2013–14 to 2017–18.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from the allocation based on the country coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(UCL) – Additional berth for UEFA Champions League title holders&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(UEL) – Additional berth for UEFA Europa League title holders&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, countries with club that have continued success &amp;quot;reward&amp;quot; their league in the long run. For example, fans of La Liga or Spanish clubs have benefited from the success of Atletico Madrid, Barcelona, and Real Madrid for the last 6 years. This has guaranteed 4 spots for Spanish clubs in the Champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T15:46:38.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22895" CreationDate="2019-08-05T18:09:45.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball has a lot of &quot;unwritten rules&quot;. One of these is that a pitcher who is in the midst of a possible no hitter is kept in the game until he completes the no hitter or gives up a hit. This is probably because throwing a no hitter of any sort is a rare feat, and a starting pitcher who is taken out of such a game may be upset if he is taken out and denied the opportunity to complete the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, there are obviously situations where a pitcher who has not yet given up a hit is replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As noted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/22896/13730&quot;&gt;BowlOfRed's answer&lt;/a&gt;, some teams are experimenting with an &quot;opener&quot; - a pitcher who only pitches a few innings at most. Such a pitcher is unlikely to be &quot;stretched out&quot; enough (i.e. he probably has not built up the endurance) to pitch a complete game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Related to the above point: Statistical analysis has shown that batters become more effective when they see a pitcher multiple times in one game. Thus theories of using pitchers seem to be advancing in the direction of limiting pitchers to only one time through the batting order - a theory I first heard from Chuck Tanner (then manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates) back in the late 1970's or early 1980's.&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams often have pitch count limits for their pitchers that they won't surpass (by much). This is often to reduce the chance of injury. For example, a pitcher with a limit of 100 pitches will be pulled out of the game around that limit (they will often be allowed to finish a batter or inning) even if they have not yet allowed a hit - especially if he's not yet into the ninth inning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Injury or ejection may lead to the replacement of a starting pitcher who has not yet allowed a hit. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/cut4/ernie-shore-threw-quasi-perfect-game-after-babe-ruth-ejection/c-132245176&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;One somewhat famous case&lt;/a&gt; is when Babe Ruth was ejected after walking the first batter and arguing with the umpire. Ernie Shore relieved Ruth, picked off the base runner, then didn't allow another base runner for the remainder of the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;IIRC, Tanner actually said he would like to replace the pitcher every three innings, which would be the equivalent of once through the batting order (i.e. each batter appearing at the plate once) if no one reaches base in that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-08-14T21:47:19.013" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T21:47:19.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22906" CreationDate="2019-08-05T19:22:37.583" Score="1" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do the NFL's overtime rules allow for a team to potentially lose without their offense ever taking the field? What caused the league to decide on this format for OT and why did they decide to have different rules during the season and in the playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems very different from OT rules in all other American sports leagues...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details on the rules &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-overtime-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:40:38.310" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:40:38.310" Title="NFL Overtime Rules - why are they like this?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22903" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-05T21:06:52.583" Score="4" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the Citi Open in Washington 2019, Andy Murray played doubles with Jamie Murray.&#xA;The team did not got a wildcard, nor was it a protected ranking (PR).&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2019/418/mdd.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link to draw.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18609/14057&quot;&gt;this answer on sports.stackexchange.com&lt;/a&gt;, the ranking 6 week before the tournament is relevant for enter a draw. Andy Murray did not have a ranking 6 weeks before, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/players/andy-murray/mc10/rankings-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ranking history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the draw it is mentioned, that the last direct acceptance are &quot;Advance-47/On-Site-54&quot;. Why was he allowed to play doubles in Washington without wildcard or PR?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I found something in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2019/2019-atp-rulebook_19dec.pdf]&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule book, page 10&lt;/a&gt; about commitment player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C. Commitment Player&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A 2019 ATP commitment player is any player positioned in the Top 30 in&#xA;  the ATP 2018 Rankings (singles) as of November 5, 2018.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;E. Commitment Player Entry Exception – Top 30&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Commitment players are automatically accepted into the main draw of all ATP Tour 500 events&#xA;  in which they have entered in a proper manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Commitment players only are single players. Does this count also for doubles main draw?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14057" LastEditorUserId="14057" LastEditDate="2019-08-08T22:16:22.917" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T14:01:25.167" Title="Why was Andy Murray allowed to play doubles in Washington without a wildcard or PR?" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17558" CreationDate="2019-08-05T21:56:25.027" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball bounces once before it reaches the striker , then it will be No Ball Call And signal , remember it not a dead ball , so If the striker hits the ball and attempts a run or its a boundary  , it will be scored and recorded in the credit of striker , there is no Rule MCC 2019 edition ,  which say that , it will be called dead .... Read Law MCC 21 .7&#xA;See it is Amended and the change is  more than once , not more than twice , for now onwards MCC&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17818" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T21:56:25.027" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17872" CreationDate="2019-08-06T05:38:24.883" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I would forget cleaning and get the table reclothed.  You may get the stains out, but the oils can damage the material in a way that can affect the playing surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17632" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T05:38:24.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22902" CreationDate="2019-08-06T11:40:33.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do the NFL's overtime rules allow for a team to potentially lose&#xA;  without their offense ever taking the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFL's overtime is a variant of sudden death in that if the first team scores a touchdown, that team wins. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What caused the league to decide on this format for OT?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chicago.sbnation.com/chicago-bears/2011/1/6/1918876/nfl-playoffs-new-overtime-rule-is-because-of-brett-favre&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 2009 NFC Championship Game&lt;/a&gt;. In short, the Saints won with a field goal without the Vikings taking the field. This was the sudden death format before they altered it in response to this game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the first possession, if the team in possession of the ball scores a field goal, the other team has an opportunity to score. In other words, NFL overtime is sudden death unless the first possession results in a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why did they decide to have different rules during the season and in the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different rules during the season vs. the playoffs because in the playoffs, a winner needs to be determined. In the regular season, a tie can be achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17819" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T11:40:33.837" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22903" CreationDate="2019-08-06T19:09:30.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was able to find some clarification on the rules in qualifying, though not specifically for this event.  The key part that helped me track this information down was the &quot;Advance-47/On-Site-54&quot;.  Based on the information from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/299170/299170.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this document(page 93-94),&lt;/a&gt; there are qualifying places designated for those who have signed up for the alternate list for a given tournament.  Additional places are made available when other qualifying teams withdraw prior to the start of the qualifying rounds.  There's a lot of solid information about qualifying in section 7 of this document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B. Main Draw Doubles &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) ATP Tour Tournaments &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) Advance Entry. 12 Noon,&#xA;  Eastern Time, USA, fourteen (14) days prior to the Monday of the&#xA;  tournament week (or the first tournament week in the case of&#xA;  tournaments scheduled for more than one (1) week). A team on the&#xA;  alternate list for the doubles main draw may withdraw at any time&#xA;  prior to such time  94 VII. THE COMPETITION that they are moved into&#xA;  the main draw as a direct acceptance because of withdrawals of other&#xA;  teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) Withdrawal Deadline. The deadline for a team to withdraw&#xA;  from the advanced entry list closes at 12 Noon, Eastern Time, USA, on&#xA;  the Friday prior to the tournament week. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;c) On-site Entry. The period&#xA;  for online on-site entries opens at 12:01 am, Eastern Time, USA on the&#xA;  Friday prior to the tournament week and closes at 5:00 pm Eastern&#xA;  Time, USA on the Friday prior to the tournament week. The online&#xA;  sign-in is blind and no preliminary lists will be produced. Players&#xA;  entering multiple events in the same week must do so with the same&#xA;  partner and shall designate tournaments by priority. The number of&#xA;  places available through the on-site entry is specified in the&#xA;  Composition of Draws (7.08.B) plus any spots made available through&#xA;  withdrawals occurring after 12 Noon Eastern Time, USA, on the Friday&#xA;  before the event week. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;d) Limit to On-site Entry. A team is allowed&#xA;  entry through the on-site entry method a maximum of two (2) times per&#xA;  year in events where they would have been accepted, using their&#xA;  doubles ranking, on the original list in that event through the&#xA;  Advance Entry system, if they had entered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point worth considering -- I found this quote from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/23/sports/andy-murray-will-continue-his-comeback-next-week-in-washington.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/a&gt; story on his return to play.  Probably helps to call the owner directly to secure your spot in the qualifiers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“They called us and said Andy really wanted to come back to D.C., and wanted to play doubles with his brother,” said Mark Ein, the new owner of the tournament. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.citiopentennis.com/event_info/?intloc=headernav&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Citi Open&lt;/a&gt; website clarifies the numbers of each type of qualifiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Main Draw Doubles Direct Acceptances: 10 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams Wild Cards: 2 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams On-site Entry: 3 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Teams Qualifying: 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-06T19:20:04.833" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T19:20:04.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22909" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22910" CreationDate="2019-08-07T13:04:30.123" Score="0" ViewCount="675" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theme with the Mets attempting to make the NL Wild Card spot during the 2019 MLB season, despite grossly underperforming before the All Star break, what has been the biggest turnaround for a team not in contention for post season play to make the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please include any relevant team information and if there was a specific reason for this change of fortune. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastEditorUserId="17819" LastEditDate="2019-08-07T14:21:37.557" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T01:43:54.763" Title="MLB- biggest comeback to make playoffs" Tags="|baseball|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22909" CreationDate="2019-08-07T14:05:57.010" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a helpful link listing the &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/479382-greatest-pennant-chase-comebacks-in-baseball-history#slide0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10 biggest comebacks to win the pennant&lt;/a&gt; which details some of the biggest turnarounds, but not necessarily the reason for the reversal.  The biggest listed here seems to be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_Boston_Braves_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1914 &quot;Miracle&quot; Braves&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Miracle Braves were 15 games out of first place on July 6 but went on to go 68-19 in the final half of the season and won the pennant by 10 games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia page goes into more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Braves performed one of the most memorable reversals in major league history, going from last place to first place in two months, becoming the first team to win a pennant after being in last place on the Fourth of July. After finishing in fifth place in 1913 with a record of 69 wins and 82 losses, the Braves were not expected to be contenders. They spent the first part of the season in last place, posting a record of 26 wins and 40 losses in early July. Led by three pitchers, Dick Rudolph, Bill James, and Lefty Tyler, the team began to win games, taking over first place for good on September 8. Their record over their final 87 games was 68–19 for a winning percentage of .782. Infielders Johnny Evers and Rabbit Maranville led the league in double plays. The Braves went on to sweep Connie Mack's heavily favored Athletics in four games in the 1914 World Series. The team became known as the &quot;Miracle&quot; Braves and remain one of the most storied comeback teams in baseball history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T14:05:57.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22911" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22917" CreationDate="2019-08-07T14:31:02.703" Score="6" ViewCount="2065" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an IT guy I cannot avoid the observation that the states &quot;30-30&quot; and &quot;40-40&quot;, &quot;deuce&quot;, have the same outgoing transitions in the state machine &quot;tennis game&quot;: From both scores a two point difference is necessary to win the game, and the state machine degenerates to a machine with three states (advantage for either of the two players, or deuce). Likewise, &quot;30-40&quot; and &quot;40-30&quot; is &quot;advantage&quot; for the respective leader. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My son and I therefore started calling &quot;30-30&quot; &quot;deuce&quot; and &quot;30-40&quot;/&quot;40-30&quot; &quot;advantage&quot;, first jokingly, and now as a matter of routine. As with traditional counting, a win requires scoring at least four times and being two scores ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This habit does not change the game, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit to address closing as dup: The alleged duplicate is an entirely different question. It asks in effect why we don't count 1, 2, 3 instead of 15, 30, 40 but does not address the fact that there is no logical distinction between 30-30 and 40-40 (or 2-2 and 3-3, for that matter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17828" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-08-08T20:32:28.170" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T16:15:33.367" Title="Does calling 30-30 &quot;deuce&quot; in tennis affect the game scoring?" Tags="|tennis|terminology|scoring|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22912" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-07T14:36:18.440" Score="1" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the contractual differences in signing a player vs executing a sign-and-trade that prevent a recently signed player from being traded but allow for a s&amp;amp;t?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17791" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-07T16:17:53.753" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T16:17:53.753" Title="NBA - Why can recently signed players not be traded but sign-and-trades are allowed?" Tags="|basketball|nba|cba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22911" CreationDate="2019-08-07T15:17:55.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Deuce connotes that both players have scored their maximum per game without winning the game.  Calling 30-30 'deuce' does not reflect this.  Similarly, using 'advantage' before true deuce has been attained does not indicate that both players have scored their game max without winning the game.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T15:17:55.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16299" CreationDate="2019-08-07T16:42:05.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2017. First contact rules are:&#xA;Double contact ok if one motion using anything other than a volley(o/h using fingers), 9.2.2.2&#xA;If you DO volley, then a double is never allowed. A momentary catch is allowed but only on a hard driven ball. 9.2.2.4. HDB is determined by speed of attack, reactionary time of def player and depth of play. Did the def player have time to adapt to play ball?  Strength speed and depth all are considered.   Players often confuse these 2 rules. For better understanding of the rules, the referee guidelines and casebook offer excellent clarification. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17830" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T16:42:05.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22911" CreationDate="2019-08-08T09:11:05.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This habit does not change the game, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're right, this does not affect who wins a game. It'll change the statistics (sometimes, if you watch a match on television, you see something like &quot;Deuce #9&quot; if it's a particularly long game - your scoring method would add one extra to that count). Another equivalent way to look at a tennis game is that it's best-of-6-must-win-by-2-points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T09:11:05.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22911" CreationDate="2019-08-08T18:04:11.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct that 30-30 and 40-40 are the same, as far as the potential future outcomes for a game are concerned. One player must win by two from that point (assuming ad scoring).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One answer to the question in the title, 'Is there a reason that in tennis 30-30 is not called “deuce”?' is that it is what is written in the rules. For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/en/home/improve/tips-and-instruction/national/tennis-101--scoring.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USTA's guide to scoring&lt;/a&gt; explicitly says that &quot;Deuce&quot; is 40-40.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I think the real answer can be summed up in one word: Tradition. Tennis has been around for hundreds of years. A score of 30-30 has long been referred to as &quot;30-30&quot; or &quot;30 all&quot;, but 40-40 has long been referred to as &quot;Deuce&quot;. There is no compelling reason to change and many folks like things the way they are, while changing things now would confuse some people - at least for a little while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the fact that the score is the same in a state machine has been recognized for some time. Injuries caused me to stop playing, but when I played a few decades ago, I did know people who would give the score as &quot;Deuce&quot; or &quot;30-Deuce&quot; at 30-30.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T18:04:11.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22918" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-09T11:21:42.933" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, the 24 second shot clock buzzer is about to sound, team in possession of the ball throws it up towards the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to some sources this not registered as a shot attempt. Now, what do we with rebounds? If there is no shot attempt there is no rebound, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. The ball touches the rim. So technically both teams can contest the rebound. Still no rebound situation, right? So if the offensive team retrieves the ball there is nothing logged yet if they lose the ball then it is a team turnover and just a change of possession or something like that, no?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. The ball does not touch the rim. Offensive team turnover and that's it, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17839" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T11:21:42.933" Title="How do you log in basketball stats a desperate shot attempt at shot clock buzzer?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22911" CreationDate="2019-08-09T16:15:33.367" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With regard to &quot;40-40&quot;: in court tennis (aka real tennis), when the handicap system is used &quot;40-all&quot; is called instead of &quot;deuce&quot; because the next point will win the handicapped game.  In non-handicap play, as in lawn tennis, one needs to win by two points, so &quot;deuce&quot; (derived from deux (two)) is called to indicate this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17842" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T16:15:33.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22921" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22923" CreationDate="2019-08-09T16:54:13.220" Score="0" ViewCount="874" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a match last night, I was serving, threw the ball in the air, and started swinging my racquet. Just before I hit the ball, I stopped my racquet and caught it because I didn't like the toss. Did I go too far? Should I have lost the point? Or is it ok to still stop my serve at that point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recorded the match. This is how close I got to hitting the ball before backing off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/91CgK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/91CgK.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15347" LastActivityDate="2019-08-12T08:39:20.903" Title="Is it ok to stop my serve when I've already started my racquet forward?" Tags="|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21245" CreationDate="2019-08-09T17:29:54.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, because colour-blind players can easily mistake the brown for a red. Usually when the brown goes down table amongst the reds. Peter Ebdon and Mark Williams have hit the brown by mistake on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're not allowed to ask the ref where the brown is, or what colour a ball is. You can only ask &quot;Is that the brown?&quot;. If anyone knows the rationale for such pedantry in the rules, I'd love to understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T17:29:54.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22921" CreationDate="2019-08-09T18:15:26.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like this case is not considered a service fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisgems.com/ball-toss/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tennisgems.com/ball-toss/&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the rules of tennis state that you are able to catch and redo your&#xA;  ball toss during the tennis serve. If your racquet has not made&#xA;  contact with the ball, you are allowed to try again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/sections/pacific-northwest/pdfs/play/leaguenew/ITFRuleswheader.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/sections/pacific-northwest/pdfs/play/leaguenew/ITFRuleswheader.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player, who tosses the ball and then decides not to hit it, is&#xA;  allowed to catch the ball with the hand or the racket, or to let the&#xA;  ball bounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15347" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T18:15:26.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-11T16:17:46.547" Score="-1" ViewCount="1623" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the fielder has a ball in his hand and he is going for run out. Suppose his body  hits the wicket while doing the stumping not his hand then what will happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17850" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T14:10:06.360" Title="What will happen when fielder's body hits the wicket while doing the run out?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-08-14T13:26:38.287" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24273" CreationDate="2019-08-11T17:38:07.550" Score="2" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;IFSC Climbing World Championships&lt;/strong&gt; are the biennial world championships for competition climbing ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but there was a world championship in 2018 and now again in 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this information out of date? Why would the IFSC make this change, if they have done so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17851" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-11T19:46:49.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T06:48:20.200" Title="How often does the IFSC actually hold a world championship?" Tags="|schedule|climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22921" CreationDate="2019-08-12T08:39:20.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should i have lost the point?&lt;/strong&gt; No. &lt;strong&gt;Or its okay to skill stop my serve at that point?&lt;/strong&gt; Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mogadouro.pt/uploads/writer_file/document/352/regras_tenis_16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cleary on this one&lt;/a&gt; (Portuguese language, page 10 - paragraph 19)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;After throwing the ball into the air to perform the service, the server decides not to hit it and&#xA;instead take it. Is this a fault?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer:&lt;/strong&gt; No. A player who throws the ball in the air and then decides not to hit it is allowed catch it with your hand or racket or drop it on the floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16323" LastActivityDate="2019-08-12T08:39:20.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22903" CreationDate="2019-08-12T13:33:06.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For entry into ATP doubles draws, the singles ranking can also be used as per the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt; section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;VII The Competition / 7.13 Selection of Entries / C. Doubles Main Draw - ATP Tour / 1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OI346.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OI346.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Andy Murray henceforth used his Protected Singles Ranking for entry into the doubles draw as per the following rulebook section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;IX. ATP RANKINGS / F. Entry Protection / 3) Limit of Use / a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Pcc1.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Pcc1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2019-08-12T13:33:06.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22571" CreationDate="2019-08-13T23:50:13.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Make a video of each hand signal and draw the play associated with each hand signal. My school's football team also does a lot of hand signals and this helped me out. Also I don't know if your coach does this, but my coach's hand signals can be related to the plays. For example, one play we run is called &quot;Paper&quot; and my coach's hand signal is opening a book. Another play we run is &quot;Flex&quot; and the hand signal is a bicep flex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17863" LastActivityDate="2019-08-13T23:50:13.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22924" CreationDate="2019-08-14T14:10:06.360" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a not out.The hand which holds the ball should remove the bail(s)from wickets.If the ball is only in one hand and the other hand which is not in contact with the ball removes the bail(s) then it's not out.if the ball is in fielder's hands and he removes the bail(s) with legs it's not out.if the body causes the stumps to fall while the ball is in hands it's not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17870" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T14:10:06.360" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22764" CreationDate="2019-08-14T14:51:11.520" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes,the phases are similar to sessions in Test cricket.in one day match 10 overs are considered as a session.hence five sessions in one match.The team which dominates respective phase is the winner of that phase.The player who performs best in respective phase is the best performer of that phase.Like Bumrah in 1-10 overs and Williamson in 10-20 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17870" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T14:51:11.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22935" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-14T20:10:29.903" Score="3" ViewCount="1066" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to IFAB's recent changes to the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is usually an offence if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;touches the ball with their hand/arm when:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the hand/arm has made their body unnaturally bigger&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the hand/arm is above/beyond their shoulder level (&lt;strong&gt;unless the player deliberately plays the ball&lt;/strong&gt; which then touches their hand/arm)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario One&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I interpret the rules correctly, this sequence of events &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; constitute a handball offence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A's arm is above the shoulder, with his back facing the ball. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player B (could be from either team) plays the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball travels and touches player A's arm.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not matter why Player A's arm was raised above his shoulder. Perhaps, he was sitting on the floor after a tackle left him injured, and he had an arm raised towards his team bench signalling for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also does not matter why Player B played the ball towards Player A's arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; a handball since this condition is met: &lt;em&gt;ball touches a player's hand/arm when it is above their shoulder&lt;/em&gt;. And he did not deliberately play the ball prior to it touching his arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, As long as the ref has not stopped the game, a handball offence should &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; be called in the above sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario Two&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where it gets a little weird:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A's arm is above the shoulder, with the ball at his feet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A plays the ball deliberately into the air (e.g. he lobs the ball up).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball travels vertically up and it touches his arm.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; be a handball since the clause in parentheses explicitly excludes the scenario where the player deliberately played the ball prior to the ball touching his hand/arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, the player did not mean to deliberate handle the ball. Maybe he was trying to lob the ball to a team mate, but poor technique or the wind carried the ball vertically towards his unusual raised arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that in an actual game, it is highly unlikely that a player will execute this sequence of events. But why is it allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why the rules were worded this way. It seems to be allowing a very unusual special case of a player's arm/hand touching the ball, while penalising quite accidental cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it would have been fine (albeit a little rigid) if the rule makers just left out the part in parentheses. So why did they add this confusing part? What is the motivation behind this special exclusion? What are the examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link to the relevant section of the Laws of the Game:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/92/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/92/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17871" LastEditorUserId="17871" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T09:06:43.953" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T14:02:07.013" Title="Why is special case of handball above the shoulder allowed under the revised IFAB rules (2019/2020)?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22909" CreationDate="2019-08-14T21:00:39.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2012 Oakland Athletics are on this list! They had not been in first place at all the entire year. They had an unbelievable run from June to September but still themselves 5 games out of a postseason berth with 9 games left to play. After defeating the Rangers in Gm 161 - they found themselves tied for first in the AL West. The next day they won gane 162, not only earning a playoff berth but winning the division. It was the only day in the 2012 season that they were in first place - and the thing is, that is the only day that it even matters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They went on to lose the division series to the Tigers and mainly Verlander - the series went to a full 5 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17872" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-15T01:43:54.763" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T01:43:54.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22935" CreationDate="2019-08-15T04:09:35.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a bit of background to this wording, I'd argue that raising your arms above your shoulder probably would have been sufficiently covered under the prohibition regarding touching the ball with the hand/arm while being unnaturally bigger (covered by the previous subclause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is usually an offence if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;touches the ball with their hand/arm when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the hand/arm has made their body unnaturally bigger&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, IFAB have decided that it's important to explicitly make hands/arms above the shoulder &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; a handball offence. This was probably to ensure that in the unlikely event that a referee felt that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi3wW9qQMdw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this incident&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp0IYU8b70M&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this incident&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAjAwYCRETo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;even this incident&lt;/a&gt; were not deliberate handlings or handling while unnaturally bigger, they would still be forced to &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; penalise it simply based on position of the arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, the exception in parentheses regarding deliberately playing the ball first is important, as it prevents players who move their arms out of the way of the ball (including above their shoulder) to control the ball with a different part of their body from being punished if the ball accidentally deflects into their arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lX2lWQN2Ng&amp;amp;t=50s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this clip&lt;/a&gt; at roughly 0:50, the player moves his arm away from his chest to provide for balance and ensure the arm isn't struck by the ball. The ball unpredictably bounces into the ground and back into his outstretched arm. In this example, the arm isn't above the shoulder when it was struck, but if it had been, the exception would have applied here, preventing the referee from punishing the player for accidentally touching the ball with the arm raised above the shoulder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this example would have been punished under the current Laws for the handling resulting in a goalscoring opportunity, had it occured up the other end of the field, it &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; wouldn't be punished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1 - &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; isn't really helpful wording as it's likely to lead to increased inconsistency, but this is the word IFAB have chosen for most of the guidance on what is / isn't a handball offence.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3526" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T04:09:35.953" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22940" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-15T08:11:34.997" Score="0" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;The host country has always alternated before and since that date.&#xA;I cannot find any details but the ABC dispute with Kerry Packer/WSC might be a reason , can anyone confirm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17875" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T10:01:45.193" Title="Why was the 1977 Ashes season hosted in England?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22940" CreationDate="2019-08-15T09:27:03.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1977 was the centenary year of the Ashes.  The first ever test match being held in 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By way of celebration, a &quot;Centenary Test&quot; was held at the MCG in 1977.  This test took place before that year's Ashes series but did not count towards it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, the Ashes series was moved to England during the 1977 Queen's Silver Jubilee year.  This provided a further celebration of the centenary and Her Majesty attended the Lord's test.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the Kerry Packer controversy occurred too close to the start of the series to have had any effect upon the location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T09:27:03.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20654" CreationDate="2019-08-16T06:57:27.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other answer isn't wrong but it really doesn't cover the read option exchange.   It isn't that complicated and I just coached (the youngest team I have ever coached) a group of 2nd graders that ran the read option very very successfully.   Here is what the play comes down to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unlike most run plays, this hand-off includes very little movement from the RB.   He may be moving forward but it is slowly.   On most run plays the RB would be expected to explode through the hand-off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The QB should commit a push of the ball into the stomach of the RB.   Not &quot;Drop the ball&quot;.   When the QB and RB are on the same page they will be comfortable in the read timing where the RB will hold.   Sorry I have never put a stop watch to this but it is less than a second and a couple of 2nd grade RBs had it down in the QB really had it.   So during that read phase of the play the RB will be in an athletic stance with arms spread to receive hand-off.   He will instantly move forward with the ball on push.   With no push he will rely on the practiced read timing or he will move instantly as QB disengages the ball.   Note that there can be a push and a pull.   If the QB really wants to sell it they can push which will cause the RB to start their sprint and grab... But it is the QB's job to make sure they secure the ball back ASAP (and a little bit of the RBs job to not wrestle for the ball or stop running).   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as a coach there is technique (QB looking at right spot, QB turned right, RB turned right, RB forward slant but not running), there is read time (some refer to as the mesh), and then there is the execution of the push or disengage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to add that a true read option is having an unblocked man at the line of scrimmage.   The QB is attacking the movement of that person which allows the offense to play 10 vs 10 - usually at least one offensive player is negated (the QB) so the defense always is one player up.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the read went to the NFL, NFL coaches learned (albeit painfully slow) that the QB is a runner in that play and not a QB by rules.   Meaning that if a QB runs a read option they are fair game to get whacked even if they don't have the ball - if they even give the smallest fake.   So the NFL coaches (I could give you the exact game it changed) reviewed with the referees and made sure their &quot;readed defensive player&quot; could just lay out the QB.   (the end of the Colin era)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well this quickly trickled to college/high-school/peewee level.   And I had a son that was a very small D1 DE/DT and if you ever ran the read against him you might as well get the trainers on the field for the QB.   RB got 7 yards, well that's OK because QB is gone.   Just standing there doing a fake and BOOM.   I can't remember how many times in games he would just kill the QB, the ref would come over and say take it easy, he then asked the ref if it was illegal, ref said no, and boom QB nailed on the next read option - honestly I can't ever remember a team running the read option vs him more than twice.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And...  why I mention this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most read option plays aren't really read options.   They are a RB/QB fake mesh which looks exactly like a read option except that the QB is no longer reading an unblocked player... which means it is really just an option.    But we call it a read option because it is a QB in pistol or shotgun with a mesh/read with a RB that looks just like a read option.    There are a few teams that run the true read option but this is few and far between as they don't want to risk QB injury or fumble.   Most &quot;read option&quot; plays are normal blocking and QB just doing what he wants based on defensive alignments and stunts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T06:57:27.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-16T14:07:41.567" Score="4" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've managed the same group of underage boys players for the last 3 years. At U11, offside didn't apply, and I didn't concern myself with defensive strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At U12, where offside did apply, I instructed the boys to play a high defensive line, whereby all defenders pushed up to the half way line regardless of where the ball was in the opponents half, and the keeper acted as a sweeper playing at the edge of the box. We had quite a bit of success with this, and maintained it for our U13 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it didn't work out very well at U13. We came up against faster forwards and better passing, and while we broke up many attacks with the high line, we were caught out too many times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm now wondering what to do at U14. I guess the alternative is to have a &quot;flat back 4&quot;, whereby the defenders move in a line up and down their own half relative to where the ball is the opponents half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My concern here is that the high line discipline is relatively easier to understand for young players. Its easy to instruct them to move to the half line when we have possession. The half way line acts as a guide rule. I think it will he harder for them to maintain their shape if they don't have the half way line to guide, and this will result in &quot;stray&quot; players playing opponents on side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also considering maintaining the high line and have 1 central defender change in and out of the sweeper position when the opportunity or need arises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the standard approach that youth coaches use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17883" LastEditorUserId="17883" LastEditDate="2019-08-16T14:16:22.947" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T14:16:22.947" Title="Defensive strategy for U14 football" Tags="|football|tactics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22950" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-18T18:21:56.930" Score="1" ViewCount="1220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see the 12th man was used in the Ashes today and he was allowed to bat for Australia.  I have read the rules and this is not right according to the Rules. Has something been changed within the past few days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17894" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T13:59:49.613" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T11:50:38.320" Title="12th Man in 2019 Ashes" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22950" CreationDate="2019-08-18T20:42:37.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I presume this is in relation to the use of Marnus Labuschagne as a substitute batsman for Steve Smith during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/game/1152847/england-vs-australia-2nd-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second test of the 2019 Ashes series at Lords&lt;/a&gt;. In which case this is an example of a &lt;strong&gt;Concussion Substitute&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The concussion substitute was introduced by the ICC to all forms of international cricket (Men's and Women's), and also to First-class cricket, from August 1st 2019 (the start of the new ICC World Test Championship).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is designed to allow a team to make a &quot;like-for-like&quot; replacement (who can bat and/or bowl), that has been approved by the match referee, for a player that has been forced to retire because of concussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule can be found within section 1.2 of the ICC Playing Conditions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.2.7&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a player sustains a concussion or suspected concussion as a result of a head or neck injury during the course of the relevant&#xA;  match, a Concussion Replacement may be permitted in the following circumstances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;1.2.7.1&lt;/em&gt; - the head or neck injury must have been sustained during play and within the playing area described in clause 1.2.5.2&#xA;  above&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;1.2.7.4&lt;/em&gt; - The Concussion Replacement Request must be submitted within 36 hours of the incident specified in 1.2.7.3.2 if a&#xA;  Concussion Replacement is to be permitted&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.2.8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ICC Match Referee should ordinarily approve a Concussion Replacement Request if the replacement is a like-for-like player&#xA;  whose inclusion will not excessively advantage his team for the remainder of the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.2.10&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once the Concussion Replacement has been approved by the ICC Match Referee, the replaced player shall play no further part in&#xA;  the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above can also be found in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2019/07/31/831e5846-f519-47ca-9fd9-a7a8db375627/WTC-Concussion-Replacement.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC Guidance Notes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2019-08-21T11:50:38.320" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T11:50:38.320" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-18T21:44:23.597" Score="0" ViewCount="1435" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game with Padres and Phillies, how does Lucchesi get the win while the game was tied at 2 to 2 when he left after 6 innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17896" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T13:59:39.000" Title="How does the the pitcher get the win?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22953" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22958" CreationDate="2019-08-18T21:50:04.477" Score="0" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got two photos of a night game in NYC area after July 4, 1958 and before the end of August 1958 (when film was developed), likely around July 5 or 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone identify:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Stadium&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Home Team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Visiting Team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The likely game date&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any other info, such as current players on field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yQTt9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yQTt9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Detail of pitcher and batter/catcher:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BvSuL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BvSuL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SN1oi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SN1oi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KIIeN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KIIeN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Detail of pitcher and batter/catcher:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0HN5s.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0HN5s.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D21Z9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D21Z9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="773" LastEditorUserId="773" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T23:18:03.563" LastActivityDate="2022-12-19T19:30:15.740" Title="Can this July 1958 NYC baseball game be identified?" Tags="|baseball|history|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-19T01:27:37.080" Score="3" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I define medium-pace running as &lt;em&gt;fast running&lt;/em&gt; but where you aren't actually going all-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say fast all-out sprinting is what you can hold continuously for less than 2 minutes, and let's say jogging is what you can hold for 10+ minutes. Then medium-pace running is anything you can hold for 2-10 minutes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I correct in saying that there's no need to directly train medium-pace running  in football(soccer)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When does a footballer ever need such a pace? A footballer seems to me to either always be jogging or fast-out sprinting. There doesn't seem to be an &quot;in-between&quot;, does there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking because my friend, who plays football, has this endurance program where he runs 800m or 1200m as fast as he can, and then repeats that a bunch of times.. This fits the definition of medium-pace running as I defined above, and I don't see the point of this training. How does this benefit a footballer? Why not just do regular HIIT where you sprint all-out for 20 seconds, jog for 40, and repeat? Isn't that all a footballer will need?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17897" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T18:43:31.370" Title="Is there any point in training medium-fast running for football?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22952" CreationDate="2019-08-19T13:59:39.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're referring to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/mlb/boxscore?gameId=401076597&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt;, then you can see that the winning run was scored in the top of the 7th inning.  At that point, Lucchesi was still technically the pitcher as he hadn't yet been replaced -- which would happen in the bottom of the 7th.  Since the winning run occurred while Lucchesi was still the pitcher in the game, he earned the win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/user/official-rules/mlb/9-17-winning-losing-pitcher-official-scorer-shall-credit-winning-pitcher-pitcher-whose-team-assumes-lead-pitcher-game-inning-offense/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; are a little difficult to follow in terms of scoring, but it seems like the scoring is ultimately up to the official scorer for the game. I think the final sentence from the following rule is the most relevant to this scenario. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rule 9.17(a)&lt;/strong&gt; Whenever the score is tied, the game becomes a new contest insofar as the winning pitcher is concerned. Once the opposing team assumes the lead, all pitchers who have pitched up to that point and have been replaced are excluded from being credited with the victory. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;If the pitcher against whose pitching the opposing team gained the lead continues to pitch until his team regains the lead, which it holds to the finish of the game, that pitcher shall be the winning pitcher.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T13:59:39.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22954" CreationDate="2019-08-19T18:38:24.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an interesting question.   I will answer this from an American football viewpoint.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I very good results with my own sons so not only talking running logic, but have real world case studies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me make some general notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All running done with intensity (given not overrunning) will almost certainly provide positive results in almost all sports.   Do not focus so much on what would the &quot;optimal&quot; footballer running schedule be like, focus on the fact that your friend is working hard doing his routine while many/most are not working as hard.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you are playing/practicing a sport, there will be a practice regimen.   There is no use repeating this.   When I coach American football I don't need my skilled players running 50 yard dashes when we will be doing that a lot in practice.   I need them running miles and hard 400-800s.   Jerry Rice, the best skilled positional player in American football history was famous for running a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.49ers.com/video/nfln-jerry-rice-s-hill-workout-2560479&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;large hill in San Carlos&lt;/a&gt;.  I don't think Jerry Rice had to run up any hills to beat any defensive backs but those hills definitely contributed to him being great.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Running these longer distances have three basic benefits for sports.   They help an athlete run more efficient (correct form), they help an athlete stride properly - lengthen, and they help endurance - meaning when we are running those 50 yard dashes at practice they don't need a minute break between each one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing about your question is that football (soccer) is not as anaerobic as you say or American football.   Every player on the field is constantly adjusting if the ball is not in their range/bubble.   These players are not walking nor sprinting.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My answer for this is that your friend's benefit from this exercise is going to totally depend on his body type and personal needs.   If he is a muscular football player, for sure he will benefit a lot.   If he is a skinny guy with little to no muscle he may get benefit but would get more benefit from lifting weights or sprints (plus eating).   So it depends but if an American football player of mine did an intense 800-1200m cycle workout... I would not be unhappy as a coach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side Note: I am sure others could get sources but anecdotally of coaching for over 30 years guys who run miles and 800s...  way less likely to pull their groin or hamstrings.   This goes back to the lengthening of the stride (why my 1st grader runs 400s).   But the guys pulling these muscles are the guys who do their hard weight workout, stretch and then go out and run 50sx10 to call it a day.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T18:43:31.370" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T18:43:31.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2172" CreationDate="2019-08-19T18:44:00.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer is a bit shorter and very simplistic.  PF is a more offensive Center and a Center is a more defensive PF. Now, there are obvious exceptions to this, since some center have great offensive skills, and PFs, defensive skills. PFs tend to have better ball handling, and this could be the main difference.  If you can create your own shot, you usually are a PF, if you can't, you're a Center.  Again, this is not every case, but by and large.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17900" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T18:44:00.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22953" CreationDate="2019-08-19T19:57:56.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll put this up as an answer because this question seems like it might not get closed...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the description as being &quot;in the NYC area&quot;, it was a quick leap to assume that we're talking about the Yankees here.  The time frame(1958) makes them the only likely choice given that the New York Mets did not exist and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Giants_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Giants&lt;/a&gt; moved to San Francisco after the 1957 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This basically leaves only the Yankees in NYC and they played in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;old Yankee Stadium&lt;/a&gt; from 1923 through 2008.  From the Wikipedia page for the old Yankee Stadium, I found this picture, which shows a similar white railing in the second deck along the first base line.  This and other features seem to match up with the pictures presented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FlNQMl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FlNQMl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the home team and location seemingly confirmed, looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/1958-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yankees schedule from 1958&lt;/a&gt; shows a home stand from July 5th through the 20th including a 2-game series against the Red Sox,  a 5-game series against Cleveland, 3-game series' against the White Sox and Tigers, and a 4-game series against the Kansas City Athletics.  Based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org/dressed_to_the_nines/detail_page.asp?Entryid=922&amp;amp;fileName=al_1958_boston.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the uniforms&lt;/a&gt; worn by the Red Sox during that season and the red stripe on the socks, it is probable that the Red Sox are the opponent in this game.  These games were played July 5th and 6th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://baseball-reference.com/teams/BOS/1958-roster.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Red Sox roster&lt;/a&gt; included a 39-year-old Ted Williams and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/1958-roster.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yankees roster&lt;/a&gt; included the likes of Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, and Whitey Ford.  The best I can tell, the Yankees batter is wearing number 7 which would, in fact, be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/1958-uniform-numbers.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;number that Mickey Mantle wore&lt;/a&gt; that year. If the opponent is the Red Sox, the batter is either wearing 8 or 9 but the number is obscured by the bat being swung.  Number 8 is Pete Daley and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BOS/1958-uniform-numbers.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;number 9 would be Ted Williams&lt;/a&gt;.  Additional analysis would show that Pete Daley was a right-handed hitter -- which would mean this is most likely Ted Williams, who was a left-handed batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T19:12:28.287" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T19:12:28.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22960" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22964" CreationDate="2019-08-20T16:47:48.010" Score="0" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the height of the upper edge of the net from the court in badminton game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17870" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-22T00:37:57.697" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T00:37:57.697" Title="At which height should the net be kept b/w the poles in badminton?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-09-06T19:49:08.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22978" CreationDate="2019-08-20T17:52:07.540" Score="-2" ViewCount="1591" Body="&lt;p&gt;In volleyball how many points to be win normally by a team to take that game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17870" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-28T06:41:05.687" LastActivityDate="2019-08-28T06:41:05.687" Title="For how many points in a game volleyball is played?" Tags="|rules|scoring|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22962" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-20T21:06:34.480" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a maximum to the number of players that are allowed on the active roster of a team in the NFL, but is there any limit to the number of players who may be placed on a teams reserve list (assuming they fit the qualifying criteria)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do players on the reserves list always count against a teams cap space, or are there any cases where they do not? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17853" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-08-21T04:01:56.123" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T04:01:56.123" Title="What limits are there for an NFL teams reserves list?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-20T21:49:00.393" Score="3" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;After yesterday’s game between Kentō Momota and Luís Enrique Peñalver at the World Championships in Basel, Peñalver indicated that he wanted to swap shirts with Momota. Momota’s reaction was a bit of an awkward smile and then turning away; no shirt swap took place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Danish media outlets turned this into a bigger thing than it was, with headlines that Momota ‘snubbed’ his opponent. Now, I’m not entirely convinced that Momota even got the hint that Peñalver wanted to swap, but never mind that (see link below for a clip of the interaction).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interesting thing to me is that the news stories also mention that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Momota’s defence, it must be said that the Japanese badminton federation has banned players from swapping shirts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sport.tv2.dk/badminton/2019-08-20-verdensetteren-ydmygede-modstander-paa-banen-og-afviste-at-bytte-troeje&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Verdensetteren ydmygede modstander på banen – og afviste at bytte trøje&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems like a very odd thing for a badminton federation/association to do, and I’ve heard several commentators decrying it as highly un-sportsmanship-like and detrimental to players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when I tried googling it, I couldn’t really find any confirmation that it’s true. There’s no source in any of the media articles I’ve found, and commentators just mentioned having been “informed” that it was so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking on Nippon Badminton Association’s website (the English version of it at least), I cant even find any kind of ruleset or code of conduct for players that might confirm or deny it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it actually true that NBA does not allow the Japanese players to engage in shirt swapping? And if it is true, why on earth have they enacted this puzzling rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T21:49:00.393" Title="Does Nippon Badminton Association forbid players from swapping shirts?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22960" CreationDate="2019-08-21T20:00:58.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§1.10 The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 metres at the centre of the court and 1.55 metres over the side lines for doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In competition play, the netposts are exactly on the side lines for doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T20:00:58.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22967" CreationDate="2019-08-22T09:54:16.437" Score="0" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;at bottom 2nd in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/o_ln552Q6NM?t=2314&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;game&lt;/a&gt; of Dodgers vs. Cubs at April 25, 2019, Contreras ran towards the home plate first and then back towards the 3rd base, and then out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was that? Which kind of out did Contreras get?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T11:33:45.617" Title="Which kind of out did Contreras get at bottom 2nd in the game of Dodgers vs. Cubs at April 25, 2019?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22966" CreationDate="2019-08-22T11:33:45.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like a tag out, per &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5.09(b)(4)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BFERS.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BFERS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;tagged out&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user17910" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T11:33:45.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="601" CreationDate="2019-08-22T16:29:46.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The airframe works by creating a cushion of air between the piston head which is powered forward by the main  cylinder spring and the cylinder head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This reduces the impact of the two surfaces hitting each other and producing the distinctive crack of an airsoft gun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will also reduce the speed (FPS) of the projectile due to using some of the air inside the cylinder to create the cushion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17914" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T16:29:46.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22980" CreationDate="2019-08-23T17:03:56.577" Score="8" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;If two bowlers bowl in an over, due to an injury to the first bowler, and the over is a Maiden Over, which bowler gets the credit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17918" LastEditorUserId="17918" LastEditDate="2019-08-24T06:47:30.173" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T10:24:39.247" Title="Two bowlers share an over - credit for Maiden?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22973" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-24T15:55:21.523" Score="1" ViewCount="1161" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'll nearly always see this at cricket matches. The bowler and fielders play a game of catch after each delivery, seemingly at random but especially after fielding a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-25T00:37:17.827" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T01:06:07.697" Title="Why does the fielding team tend to toss the ball around randomly between deliveries?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22973" CreationDate="2019-08-24T23:32:53.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do this in baseball to just keep their arms loose. I would assume that Cricket players do it for the same reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17920" LastActivityDate="2019-08-24T23:32:53.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22961" CreationDate="2019-08-25T17:14:41.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normal rules are 25 points (a margin of 2 is required, so 25-24 will not win a set, but 26-24 will), and 15 points for the final set (the &lt;em&gt;game&lt;/em&gt; is won after winning three sets, it's a best-of-five system). Theoretically, you can win a game with only 65 points (e.g. 25-20, 25-20, 0-25, 0-25, 15-10), but in practice 75 (winning 3-0 in sets) is the minimum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#Scoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; lists the standard rules; some competitions, especially at the lower levels of play, play fewer sets or even fewer points in a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2019-08-25T17:14:41.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-25T20:28:59.807" Score="0" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bases are loaded and the ball bounces in front of the third baseman. He picks up the ball and touches third for a force-out on the runner coming from second base. Can he throw home for another force out or can the runner who was on third return to third?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17925" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-29T11:52:28.440" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T11:52:28.440" Title="Double play in baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22972" CreationDate="2019-08-26T00:13:59.863" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The over shall go down in the books as a Maiden Over, but it will not be credited to either of the bowlers.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As neither of the bowlers have actually completed said over (ie one bowler will be on 12.4 overs, and the other 15.2, for example), from a statisticians point of view, you can't award a bowler a Maiden for an over they have not fully completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not really a matter of rules / laws, more statistics, so finding any formal documentation to confirm this has been a bit difficult, however we can take a look at an example from cricinfo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10615/scorecard/1000851/australia-vs-south-africa-1st-test-sa-tour-of-australia-2016-17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Match - Australia v South Africa, Perth, 3rd-7th November 2016&lt;/a&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular match, in the 38th over of Australia's first innings, Dale Steyn cannot complete his over due to injuring his shoulder, and is replaced by Keshav Maharaj. Before the 38th over, both bowlers stats were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Bowler&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Overs&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Maidens&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Runs&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Wickets&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;D Steyn&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;K Maharaj&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And after the 38th Over - which was a Maiden:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Bowler&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Overs&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Maidens&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Runs&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Wickets&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;D Steyn&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;K Maharaj&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither of them were credited with the Maiden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* Found from a quick google of the same question - credit for the Match has to go to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/If-a-bowler-bowls-4-balls-and-leaves-and-another-bowler-completes-the-over-and-no-runs-are-given-away-is-it-taken-as-a-maiden&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2020-12-08T10:24:39.247" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T10:24:39.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22979" CreationDate="2019-08-26T00:29:12.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the third baseman touches third to force out the runner coming from second, he removes the force at home. The runner going home must be tagged out and may choose to go back to third because the force has been removed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17926" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T00:29:12.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22973" CreationDate="2019-08-26T01:06:07.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a few reasons I can think of outside of the &quot;I'm just going to randomly chuck the ball at someone&quot; that the ball may be passed between players between deliveries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make people feel &quot;In the game&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cricket can be a long ol' game if you're stuck in the field, and nothing is coming your way; especially in First-Class or Test cricket which can go on for 4-5 days. Sometimes you just want to feel the ball in your hands...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep the ball dry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some playing conditions, whether there has been a bit of rain in the air or there is dew coming up on the field, it's imperative to keep the ball as dry as possible; a wet ball can impact the way a bowler delivers the ball. For example, a spinner wants to put as many revs on a ball as possible, in order to get the ball to spin - this is hard to do if the bowler can't grip it as well as they would like because it is wet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of passing the ball to each other - it's usually much safer to pass the ball in smaller throws between multiple players, than it is to risk throwing the ball further, and it hitting the ground and becoming wet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Give it to the team's &quot;&lt;em&gt;Shiner&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happens less-often in one-day games like ODIs and T20 games, but in First-Class or Test matches, giving the ball to your team's &lt;em&gt;Shiner&lt;/em&gt; is a common thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team's Shiner is in charge of trying to get the ball shinier on one side than the other. The purpose of this is to try and get the ball to swing in the air when it is bowled by the bowler. You'll often see the ball passed to a player, that will then rub the ball upon their thigh, or on the cuff of their sleeve, in between deliveries, in order to make that side shinier than the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T01:06:07.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22979" CreationDate="2019-08-26T07:46:35.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rule&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(b)(6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 5.09(b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.09(b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) He or the next base is tagged before he touches the next&#xA;  base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the&#xA;  batter becoming a runner. However, if a following runner is put out on a force play, the force is removed and&#xA;  the runner must be tagged to be put out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since a following runner is out, the runner from third must be tagged out while not touching a base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T07:46:35.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22664" CreationDate="2019-08-26T10:31:15.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you get the top without the zone you get given the zone.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in 1. if they topped it in their third attempt (say) then their score for that boulder would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 1 (1 top, 1 zone) 3 2 (3 attempts to get to the top, 2 attempts to the zone).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I took 3 attempts to reach the top but reached the zone on my first attempt then I would be ahead of them on zone attempts which is the final tie breaker. This appeal would add 1 to their attempts to zone score overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2.  No difference.  There is some added risk in that if you fall off you will add to your zone attempts (or risk not getting the zone).  However since getting the top will give you the zone it may be worth while if the zone is risky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T10:31:15.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22985" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-26T12:22:35.373" Score="0" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter hits the ball really high and runs the bases to home plate. However, one of the defending players catches the ball after the batter crosses home plate and the ball never touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be considered a flyout or a home run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17932" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-29T11:52:53.620" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T19:05:49.677" Title="Baseball Home Run Flyout" Tags="|baseball|home-run|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22986" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-26T21:21:32.763" Score="-1" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mathematically speaking, the 9 doesn't contribute any meaningful information. The same information would be encoded in the ERA using Earned Runs/Innings Pitched&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17934" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T11:24:49.993" Title="Why is ERA multiplied by 9?" Tags="|baseball|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22985" CreationDate="2019-08-26T22:04:42.510" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;He would be out. A home run is defined by a batter circling the bases in one play without being put out. Since the ball would still be in play even if he circled the bases, catching it would be an out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17934" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T22:04:42.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22986" CreationDate="2019-08-27T11:24:49.993" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;ERA stands for Earned Run Average and to put it in other words, the average number of runs given up per &lt;strong&gt;game&lt;/strong&gt;. Earned runs divided by innings pitched gives you the average number of runs per inning, which isn't particularly meaningful or easily understood. Multiple by 9, though, and now it becomes easy to grasp. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, at the start of the season Pitcher A pitches a complete 9 inning game win and gives up 2 runs in the game. ERA is (2/9)x9 which gives you 2. One complete game, two runs, and the ERA makes sense and is easy to understand. If you report ERA as .222 (or 22.2) that doesn't make any sense to how that works out in terms of evaluating pitcher effectiveness overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T11:24:49.993" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22935" CreationDate="2019-08-27T14:02:07.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I actually got in touch with IFAB to ask them this question. This is their reply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thank you for your question. If a player is deliberately playing the&#xA;  ball then the arm may be above the shoulder as part of the body's&#xA;  natural movement/balance to play the ball. This is not the case when&#xA;  not deliberately playing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect this is what they are referring to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a0Ed8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;arm above shoulder when crossing the ball&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17871" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T14:02:07.013" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22985" CreationDate="2019-08-27T14:44:46.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/22985/baseball-home-run-flyout/22987#22987&quot;&gt;Kad's answer&lt;/a&gt; is correct -- any ball that has not touched the ground and is caught, regardless of the runner's position, is out by flyout.  However, I wanted to challenge the premise of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This is an impossible scenario&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could never happen in any baseball game due to the physics of a flyball.  For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18593/how-high-does-a-baseball-travel-in-a-major-league-pop-up&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; has an answer for one of the highest flyballs from the 2019 season by Joey Gallo.  That flyball went over 200 feet up and had a hang time of 7.3 seconds.  My search results have yielded similar numbers for a top hang time for a flyball -- somewhere between 7 and 8 seconds in the air.  I'm no physics major, but even when factoring in spin, altitude, and an exceptionally hard-hit ball -- you aren't going to exceed 10 seconds of hang time on a flyball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-fastest-path-around-the-bases_b_1884953&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This HuffPost article&lt;/a&gt; breaks down the ideal path around the bases and the time required to do so.  They conclude that the ideal path would result in a total time of 16.7 seconds to round the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The total time around the bases is about &lt;strong&gt;16.7 seconds&lt;/strong&gt; assuming maximum acceleration 10 feet per second per second, about 25 percent faster than following the baseline for 22.2 seconds (coming to a full stop at first, second, and third base), and about 6 percent faster than following a circular path for 17.8 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, they provide the Guinness World Record for the fastest run around the base path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record time according to Guiness[sic] is 13.3 seconds, set by Evar Swanson in Columbus, Ohio, in 1932. His average speed around the bases was about 27 feet per second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even at world record speed with the maximum height on a fly ball, you would still be unable to complete the run prior to the ball being caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T19:05:49.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22716" CreationDate="2019-08-27T18:48:56.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was able to locate a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; that addresses this scenario, though interpreting the ruling from the official rules is somewhat more difficult.  Basically, the scenario you are asking about is considered &quot;doubling a runner off&quot; on a flyout which is considered a &quot;time play&quot; as opposed to a force play -- meaning the run would count. Anything that occurs between the time of the catch and the force out of the improperly tagged up runner is still in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Doubling a runner off is considered a &quot;time play&quot; (as opposed to a force play), which means that even if the doubling-off is the third out of an inning, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;runs which score before the double-off will count&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (unless the run was scored by the same runner that was doubled off, in which case the run will not count in any situation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T18:48:56.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-28T18:21:45.780" Score="1" ViewCount="2418" Body="&lt;p&gt;If player A has control of the basketball and begins his two-step run at a lay-up within the painted area, and Player B (defender) slaps the basketball hard as Player A goes by, is this a foul by Player B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A argues that the hard slap &quot;impedes his progress/path&quot; and is always a foul &quot;unless the ball is stripped completely.&quot; Player B argues that contact was &quot;all ball&quot; and therefore should not be a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules on this? NBA? FIBA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17940" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-09-28T05:50:30.463" LastActivityDate="2022-01-21T09:01:55.113" Title="Is a hard slap to the basketball a foul?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|fiba|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22992" CreationDate="2019-08-28T20:04:14.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my interpretation of the rules, this situation is not a personal foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the rule in question is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. Personal Foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section I—Types&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player shall not hold, push, charge into, impede the progress of an&#xA;opponent by extending a hand, arm, leg or knee or by bending the body&#xA;into a position that is not normal.  Contact that results in the&#xA;re-routing of an opponent is a foul which must be called immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the&#xA;ball is not legal.  This contact includes, but is not limited to,&#xA;forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see Player A's point about &amp;quot;impeding the progress of an opponent&amp;quot; but if Player B did not make any contact with Player A and Player A was not &amp;quot;re-routed&amp;quot; from his original path to the basket, this is a legal contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/12877/what-are-reaching-fouls-in-the-nba&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16955/smacking-the-ball-down-without-hitting-the-opponents-hand-when-they-hold-the-ba&quot;&gt;are&lt;/a&gt; a few other Sports.SE questions that are related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-08-28T20:04:14.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22994" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-29T03:29:31.663" Score="1" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems intuitive to me that the holder of a speed record would be the vehicle. For example, the current land speed record was set using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThrustSSC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ThrustSSC&lt;/a&gt;. Presumably all the driver needs to do is find a sufficiently long piece of flat land, then press the accelerator to the ground until the car ceases to accelerate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However if this is the case, then I don't understand why there's a Guinness world record for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-land-speed-record-(female)/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fastest land speed achieved by a woman&lt;/a&gt;. After all, to break this record, just get any woman to drive the ThrustSSC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T03:29:31.663" Title="Who actually holds a speed record: the driver or the vehicle?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-09-06T19:49:16.903" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22995" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2019-08-29T16:16:51.480" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_racing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Air racing&lt;/a&gt; is a highly specialised type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course, with the winner either returning the shortest time, the one to complete it with the most points, or to come closest to a previously estimated time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most commonly known air race series is hosted by &lt;a href=&quot;https://airrace.redbull.com/en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Red Bull&lt;/a&gt; with the first races being held in 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T22:39:02.553" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T22:39:02.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22996" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2019-08-29T16:16:51.480" Score="0" Body="Air racing is a highly specialised type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course, with the winner either returning the shortest time, the one to complete it with the most points, or to come closest to a previously estimated time." OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T22:38:58.317" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T22:38:58.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12362" CreationDate="2019-08-30T00:43:44.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the receiver does not return the ball in play, it can be classified as one of the following:&#xA;Unforced Error: The serve was not fast and the returner tried to hit a winner but the ball was not in play. One typical scenario is when the receiver clearly tries for a forehand while the serve was directed to the backhand. &#xA;Forced Error: The serve had enough pace to make the return difficult, the return was somewhat controlled but still went out or into the net.&#xA;Service Winner: The receiver touched the ball, but he/she had no control whatsoever. The ball went to the stands or hit the ground from the receiver's racket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17946" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T00:43:44.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22999" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-30T02:41:24.927" Score="2" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the third 2019 Ashes test, a bowled ball (Lyon) passed the batsman (Stokes) without being struck. The ball then hit the wicketkeeper’s (Paine) pad and rolled back more or less in front of the batsman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was treated as dead if I recall. How do the laws cover this?  Could the ball have been played by the batsman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17948" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T06:46:01.440" LastActivityDate="2020-09-06T19:06:23.730" Title="Ball rebounds from wicketkeeper's pads or body, can the batsman play it?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22509" CreationDate="2019-08-30T18:46:53.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The umpire did exactly what he is supposed to do.   He never made a call so he didn't overturn.  I am assuming that he did not signal &quot;safe&quot; with his hands - as that would not be normal unless there is a close play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a player misses a bag and is either in the dugout or on another bag there is no ability for the defensive team to tag him out.   These plays must go through an appeal process much like a defensive player asking for the home plate umpire to appeal a check swing to a field umpire.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You understand if the defensive player touches the plate, it means nothing right?   The player could run towards the dugout to tag the player (but doesn't have to).   At that time after I saw the player move to where ever the player was, if that player did not take a direct route to home plate to retag it, you would call them for running out of baseline.   Really the only way they could be safe is if the defensive player dropped the ball during tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tone of your question displays an annoyance that this happened.  This is one of the few areas of baseball where an on the field event can be directly affected by coaching.   A good coach would have seen his player miss home plate - one of the coaches should be looking at this for 9-year olds (and they should know better at that age).   That player could retreat at any time back to retag home until the umpire calls time or they actually step into the dugout (this is a bit controversial).   At the same time the defensive manager/coach should have told his player to go tag yours.   Either way your team was outcoached.   It is a runner error if he misses and tries to go back, coach's error to not pay attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in this process for an appeal once the offensive player goes to dugout - is for the pitcher to step off the mound and throw to the bag(s) in question after ball is dead.   If done correctly the pitcher should have called time, walked to mound, stepped off of it, and then threw to the catcher.    The umpire at this age should guide the player to do a correct appeal - really you have unlimited time to appeal as long as you don't throw another pitch, so there is no getting around making the call.   At the same time as a coach for 9-year-olds you probably have a junior umpire - coaches should be helping them explaining what they are appealing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is this is a good question to have at the moment.   It is troublesome that you had to go to this site to get an answer.   Your coach should have explained to the parents that the other coach appealed the runner scoring and why the runner was out.   Not &quot;whoa is me, how can the umpire do that?!&quot;  This bit of ineptitude in coaches, especially at a youth level not only hurts the team but creates negativity in player's attitudes towards umpires/officials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T18:53:06.217" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T18:53:06.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1823" CreationDate="2019-08-31T14:34:52.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I played, back in the sixties/seventies the winger would throw the ball into an eight man lineout so at that time there was certainly no law requiring the hooker to throw the ball in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17949" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-10-04T07:17:38.067" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T07:17:38.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-02T12:56:22.717" Score="6" ViewCount="1828" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, players on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football_positions#Special_teams&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;special teams&lt;/a&gt; (except the kicker, punter and long snapper) are offensive or defensive (backup) players, due to the limited number of players on the active roster. What is the &quot;main&quot; position of the players on the field at kickoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the kicking team there's obviously a kicker on the field, but what is the &quot;main&quot; position of the other 10 players? They need to be fast and tackle well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the receiving team the returner is usually a WR, a CB or even a RB, but what about the other players? They should be able to block for the returner, but I guess the best blocking players (offensive line) are too slow...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also heard during a game that for onside kicks the kicking team may send a &quot;hands team&quot; to the field - how much they differ from the &quot;regular&quot; kicking or receiving team? Sending the &quot;hands team&quot; on field doesn't tell the opponent &quot;we're going to onside kick, prepare for it&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2019-09-03T12:50:54.310" Title="What is the &quot;main&quot; position of players that are on field at NFL kickoff?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|special-teams|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23006" CreationDate="2019-09-03T12:50:54.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, you just hear those players on the kicking team referred to as the special teams unit, but there is an unofficial name that is used for those who run down the field to tackle the returner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunner_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gunner&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In American football, a gunner, also known as a shooter, flyer,&#xA;  headhunter, or kamikaze, is a player on kickoffs and punts who&#xA;  specializes in running down the sideline very quickly in an attempt to&#xA;  tackle the kick or punt returner. Gunners must have several&#xA;  techniques in order to break away or &quot;shed&quot; blockers, and have good&#xA;  agility in order to change their running direction quickly. Gunners on&#xA;  the punt team also must be able to block or catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gunners typically also play positions as defensive backs, wide&#xA;  receivers, or running back when not on special teams, often as&#xA;  backups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a specialized role for the player who is specifically tasked with blowing up the blocking on the return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/nfl-wedge-buster/article18151724/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wedge Buster&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tom Powers of Minnesota's Pioneer Press recently highlighted a football position he says is a &quot;you can't pay me enough to do that&quot; job. It's the &quot;wedge buster&quot; - the player who runs down the field after a kickoff and attempts to break through the human wedge a return team builds to block the player returning the ball. &quot;It is the worst job on the football field,&quot; Mr. Powers writes. &quot;And a guy has to be exceptionally screwy to be able to do it properly.&quot; Heath Farwell, a wedge buster for the Minnesota Vikings, explains: &quot;There's 300-pound guys back there and you're taking on three or four of them, trying to break everybody up. I've seen guys get concussions, get knocked out.&quot; Though many, like fellow wedge buster Vinny Ciurciu, have a taste for the work. &quot;Some guys love to blow up the wedge.&quot; Hey, it beats working in Scotland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the return team, there are a few terms used to refer to the blockers as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_American_football#U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upman&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;During a kickoff, every player on the return team is called an &quot;upman&quot; with the exception of the one or two designated kickoff returners, who stand furthest away from the starting point of the kicking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For punt returns, another term is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammer_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jammer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In American football, jammers try to slow down gunners during punts by preventing them from getting a free release, giving punt returners more time to return punts. A jammer is typically played by a back-up for another position. This position is usually referred to simply as a special teamer, or even a gunner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-09-03T12:50:54.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23009" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-04T13:38:42.683" Score="-2" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two batsmen are on the crease, both have scored 97 runs. 3 more runs are needed to win the match with 7 balls left. Is it possible that both could scored century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17973" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-19T15:32:36.843" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T15:32:36.843" Title="Cricket rules to counting runs after win the match" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23010" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-04T16:11:35.933" Score="1" ViewCount="895" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question on the first base runner ruling. Here's what happened :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batter hit the ball in play &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While running to the first he felt but managed to touch the bag with his hand. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doesn't ask for a timeout &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leave the bag with his hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defensive player tag the runner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out or immunity ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17974" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T19:02:10.183" Title="Tag runner at first base" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23010" CreationDate="2019-09-04T17:29:45.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;HE IS OUT&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 5.09(b)(4) in the current MLB Rule Book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Retiring a Runner&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; Any runner is out when: &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; (4)&#xA;  He is tagged, when the ball is alive, while off his base. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;EXCEPTION:&lt;/em&gt; A batter-runner cannot be tagged out after overrunning or oversliding first base if he returns immediately to the base;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, since the runner did not overrun or overslide the base in this example, he would be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T17:29:45.713" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23009" CreationDate="2019-09-04T23:13:50.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;easy&amp;quot; way to do this is via &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;penalty runs&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batting team commit an unfair action not otherwise covered in the Laws. Law 41.2 applies and the batting team's captain is told they've been naughty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batting team repeat the unfair action. 5 penalty runs are awarded to the bowling side, giving eight runs needed to win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's now trivial for both batsmen to score a century. Without penalty runs, it is not possible for both batsmen to score a century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-29T13:12:52.877" LastActivityDate="2021-01-29T13:12:52.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15523" CreationDate="2019-09-05T12:58:23.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no national championship for high school basketball.    These are done at the state level and these are even done by school sizes at the state level.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tournament you may be referring to is in no way a national championship...  It is called High School Nationals because teams on a national level are invited.   There is no mechanism to invite the &quot;top 10&quot; teams for the tournament as being a top 10 team in high school basketball would be very arbitrary.   They invite who ever they want and most likely the big name high schools - and they invite many of the same teams every year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think about this in college basketball they invite ~64 (yes know its more) teams out of about ~350 D1 programs.   Most of these programs play each other on a one level off (each team probably plays a team that plays a team in the 350).   Even these rankings within this range are highly subjective so they invite 65 teams.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In high school there are over 18k teams.  Eight were invited.   One of the teams invited was IMG Florida, which is a paid training facility for international students, does not abide by any state high school rules and is not even eligible to win the Florida state championship.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-09-05T12:58:23.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-05T19:14:21.543" Score="2" ViewCount="1301" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, see this screenshot of the broadcast of the men's final from the 2018 Australian Open, between Roger Federer and Marin Cilic. &lt;a href=&quot;https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DUoA7E-VMAMDD0C.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DUoA7E-VMAMDD0C.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They show the player's country flag next to their name. I noticed that not all tournaments will do this, it depends on the people broadcasting the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand if it was an Olympic event or something like the Davis Cup, where the players are representing and playing for their countries. However, in most other instances, tennis is an individual sport, and the player is representing and playing solely for themselves, so knowing their nationality is unnecessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why do the broadcasts show this information? What purpose does it serve?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why do some broadcasts show it, but some do not?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17230" LastActivityDate="2022-01-23T00:27:39.827" Title="Why do some tennis broadcasts show the player's country next to their name?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22437" CreationDate="2019-09-06T06:52:22.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the number of cautions (yellow flags), not the number of laps under yellow flag, as you asked, there is a tie between 1997 and 1988, with &lt;strong&gt;14 cautions&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1997, these were the cautions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;|  LAPS   |                                    REASON                                    |&#xA;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;| 0       | #17 Giaffone, #4 Brack, #77 Gregoire, accident T4                            |&#xA;| 10      | #72 Bourbonnais, smoke                                                       |&#xA;| 11-14   | Rain                                                                         |&#xA;| 15      | Red Flag                                                                     |&#xA;| 16-18   | Race restart                                                                 |&#xA;| 20-28   | #42 Gordon, stopped T3, #28 Dismore, #7 Salazar, #44 Kinser, acc. T4(Lap 24) |&#xA;| 59-62   | #27 Guthrie, stopped                                                         |&#xA;| 94-99   | #7 Salazar, stopped T2                                                       |&#xA;| 114-123 | #50 Roe, #1 Durant, acc. T3                                                  |&#xA;| 137-142 | #40 Miller, acc. T3                                                          |&#xA;| 165-169 | #18 Carlson, acc. T2                                                         |&#xA;| 189-193 | #44 Kinser, acc. T4                                                          |&#xA;| 196-197 | Debris                                                                       |&#xA;| 199     | Debris                                                                       |&#xA;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in 1988, these were the cautions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;|  LAPS   |                           REASON                           |&#xA;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;| 1-5     | #2 Guerrero, #16 T. Bettenhausen, #91 Brayton, accident T1 |&#xA;| 34-39   | #81 Sneva, accident pit entrance                           |&#xA;| 58-63   | #14 Foyt, accident T2                                      |&#xA;| 64-70   | #71 Heimrath, accident T4                                  |&#xA;| 82-88   | #35 Chassey, #29 Vogler, accident T4                       |&#xA;| 93-95   | Debris                                                     |&#xA;| 102-106 | #9 Sullivan accident T2                                    |&#xA;| 109-111 | Rabbit on track                                            |&#xA;| 117-120 | #17 Rutherford, accident T1                                |&#xA;| 140-145 | #6 Ma. Andretti, tow-in                                    |&#xA;| 160-163 | #23 Palmroth, tow-in                                       |&#xA;| 167-170 | #48 Moran, pulled off track                                |&#xA;| 175-179 | #29 Vogler, accident T3                                    |&#xA;| 198-200 | #18 Mi. Andretti, lost sidepod frontstretch                |&#xA;+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't count the red flag in 1997 (your question title says &lt;em&gt;&quot;yellow flags&quot;&lt;/em&gt; but you asked about &lt;em&gt;&quot;cautions&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which include red flags) then 1988 is the year with most yellow flags, 14 flags versus 13 in 1997.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/events/indy500/history/historical-stats/race-stats/box-scores/2019&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/events/indy500/history/historical-stats/race-stats/box-scores/2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2019-09-06T09:55:53.313" LastActivityDate="2019-09-06T09:55:53.313" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23027" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-07T05:30:02.910" Score="-2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;A hit ball that would have landed foul beyond first base, but was redirected by the defender and lands fair. The ball never touched the ground until after it was deflected by the defender. Is that a fair or foul ball? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17993" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-09-08T06:52:21.640" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T07:06:41.443" Title="Fair or foul ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23027" CreationDate="2019-09-08T07:06:41.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to assume you're asking about MLB rules.  There, a fair ball is defined as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that&lt;/strong&gt; settles on fair ground between home&#xA;  and first base, or between home and third base, or that is on or over&#xA;  fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third base,&#xA;  or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls on&#xA;  fair territory on or beyond first base or third base, or that, &lt;strong&gt;while&#xA;  on or over fair territory touches the person of an umpire or player&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;  or that, while over fair territory, passes out of the playing field in&#xA;  flight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case it's not where the ball was going, or where it landed.  It's not even where the defender was standing.  It's where the ball was touched by the defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball was over fair territory when touched, the ball is fair.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball was over foul territory when touched, the ball is foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T07:06:41.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23020" CreationDate="2019-09-08T08:19:32.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't tell you exactly why, but it's not specific to tennis.  It appears that US broadcasts will show this on other sports competed by individuals.  In particular, country can also bee seen for some auto racing, golf, and cycling broadcasts.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R3bBR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R3bBR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SWmZU.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SWmZU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For many sports, it's somewhat common to see a player's birthplace or hometown listed.  I can speculate that's it's simply easy-to-determine information about an individual that they can show to help viewers gain better familiarity with them.  It seems a small step to move from there to showing a country if there's a sufficient number of participants that would make such a graphic entertaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rG6j0.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rG6j0.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T08:19:32.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23030" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-08T11:10:26.667" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jack Grealish (Aston Villa) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goal.com/en/news/grealish-ends-record-barren-spell-as-villa-win-first-premier/1vhiipinu0fjf1mg01xh5675m4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost his 20th consecutive game&lt;/a&gt; in the Premier League.&#xA;So I wonder which players have done worse than that ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15385" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T12:35:16.417" Title="What is the highest number of consecutive matches lost by a football player?" Tags="|football|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16874" CreationDate="2019-09-08T11:38:26.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Shakhtar_Donetsk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shakhtar Donetsk&lt;/a&gt; who won the &lt;strong&gt;Ukrainian championship in 2017, 2018 and 2019&lt;/strong&gt; by playing their home games in Lviv and Kharkiv while their main stadium is in Donetsk.&#xA;The &quot;Donbass Arena&quot; has been unavailable since 2014 due to the conflict in Crimea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15385" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T11:38:26.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22740" CreationDate="2019-09-08T12:14:48.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is this game in the second division in Trinidad and Tobago where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/trin04.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WASA Clean and White wins 15 goals to 13 against Crab Connection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Apart from this game I've never seen a team lose by scoring more than 9 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15385" LastActivityDate="2019-09-08T12:14:48.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-09T11:46:19.303" Score="0" ViewCount="2611" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is running and bouncing, is he allowed to catch the ball - for simplicity let's assume that he has both feet in the air through all the time interval whose beggining is marked by start of the catching and whose end is marked by the completion of gaining control of the ball - can he take two steps (by this I mean land with his foot A on the ground, and then - without moving the foot A - land with his foot B on the ground, effectively setting both feet on the ground) and then just stand like it, without releasing the ball at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official FIBA rules, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&lt;/a&gt;, reads as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;A player who catches the ball while he is progressing, or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which almost explicitly says that what I described is legal. Yet, I ask this question because I've always been taught that after taking two steps as described above, the rules impose that it is necessary to pass or shoot. So, I'm interested if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) it used to be that releasing the ball was necessary under FIBA rules, but after the changes of travelling rules so they would be more similar to NBA, holding the ball (after two steps) became legal,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) it was always legal and the enforcement of releasing the ball under FIBA rules was just a commonly taught misinterpretation,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3) in fact &quot;coming to a stop&quot; here is to be understood in some peculiar way and after taking two steps a player is still obliged to release the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I'd be grateful for answering the above questions in the NBA case, I know that the article concerning travel is largely (or completely) the same as in the FIBA case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&quot;A player who receives the ball while he is progressing or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I'm not sure if I understand everything correctly, perhaps the accepted interpretation of these rules is peculiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if stop (after two steps) is legal, then what are options for a player remaining in such a stop? Basing on my reading of rules, I'd suppose that a player can pivot with the foot A; lift the feet B; jump and release the ball with two feet. But I'd like to be sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18001" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T22:02:40.337" Title="Details regarding two step rule" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23039" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23041" CreationDate="2019-09-10T04:14:44.757" Score="-1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am captain of cricket team in my college our team performance is very well but some team members are play only for fun at that result our team lose best performance at regional level matches.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually those members are my best friends therefore I do not react on his performance. My friends played very well but some time he plays out of rules.&lt;br&gt; How to improve our team discipline. What should I do with my friends to achieve our team goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16464" LastActivityDate="2019-09-10T07:36:13.060" Title="Improve our Cricket Team" Tags="|rules|cricket|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23039" CreationDate="2019-09-10T07:36:13.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What should I do with my friends to achieve our team goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; your team goal? It seems that the members of your team have at least two, and maybe three different goals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your friends who are playing for fun. They care less about whether they win or lose and more about enjoying themselves.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your one teammate who is prepared to break the rules (actually cheat?) in order to win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You, who are somewhere in the middle and want to win but fairly?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the exception of any actual cheating, &lt;em&gt;none of these are wrong&lt;/em&gt;. It's perfectly valid to play for fun, it's perfectly valid to play to win... but it's very hard to have a happy team if the members have different goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-09-10T07:36:13.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-10T21:50:41.723" Score="2" ViewCount="698" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NCAA, the women's volleyball season runs from late August/early September until December. The men's volleyball season runs from January to early May. Why the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it due to the women having a beach season in the spring? Why don't men have beach volleyball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12185" LastActivityDate="2019-09-10T21:50:41.723" Title="Why are the NCAA volleyball seasons for men and women different?" Tags="|collegiate|volleyball|schedule|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15551" CreationDate="2019-09-10T22:00:08.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For men, I found similar stats from the same source as women in the other answer, but scattered over different pages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/mens-high-school-volleyball/mens-volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/mens-volleyball-setter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Setter&lt;/a&gt;: 6'1&quot; - 6'5&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/mens-high-school-volleyball/mens-volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/mens-libero&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Libero&lt;/a&gt;: 5'8&quot; - 6'2&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncsasports.org/recruiting-tools/mens-high-school-volleyball/mens-volleyball-recruiting-guidelines/mens-volleyball-outside-hitter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Outside Hitter&lt;/a&gt;: 6'3&quot; - 6'6&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for comparison to international play, I also found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/en/technical/olympics/2012/men/Misc/Personal%20Data.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this from the FIVB, based on the 2012 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Height of the top 4 teams per player function&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Volleyball coaches often discuss about the importance to select tall players. In overview two tables with some facts about this subject. First an overview of the height of players for the top 4 teams OG 2012 London by player function:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jiPYC.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jiPYC.png&quot; alt=&quot;London 2012 Men&amp;#39;s volleyball player heights by position for top 4 finishing teams&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12185" LastActivityDate="2019-09-10T22:00:08.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23044" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-10T23:28:21.863" Score="-1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201909090nor.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Saints game on 9 September 2019&lt;/a&gt;, would the clock have run out if the receiver had not been touched by the defender? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18007" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-09-16T05:17:01.047" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T05:17:01.047" Title="NFL receiver down by contact only, if not out of bounds" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23044" CreationDate="2019-09-11T15:30:06.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you are referring to the play just before the Saints' field goal attempt, the Saints actually burned their last Timeout to stop the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario of the defenders not touching the receiver, the play would have been called dead, assuming the runner made no attempt to advance - ie they gave themselves up - under &lt;strong&gt;Rule 7.2.1&lt;/strong&gt; which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. DEAD BALL DECLARED&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) when a runner declares himself down by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;falling to the ground, or kneeling, and &lt;strong&gt;clearly making no immediate effort to advance.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The clock will still be running at this point, However, once the ball has been declared dead, then the Saints would have been able to use their timeout as per &lt;strong&gt;Rule 3.37.2&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 2. CHARGED TEAM TIMEOUT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Charged Team Timeout is an interval during which the Game Clock is stopped and play is suspended at the request of one of the teams or when it is charged to one of the teams by rule. &lt;strong&gt;A Timeout may be granted only when the ball is dead.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, technically the clock &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; have run out, if the officials had not called play dead before the game clock expired, or the Saints had no timeout to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T16:06:18.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24045" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-12T12:21:18.987" Score="-2" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can two players play a football based game, so that they can develop the necessary skills to play the actual game (when played with team) and at the same time enjoy the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19008" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2019-09-14T04:32:43.960" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T04:32:43.960" Title="Is there a football based game and training for two players?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24052" CreationDate="2019-09-12T14:32:48.687" Score="-2" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;Blocking a service obviously is not allowed and barely present in competitive volleyball. but it is one of the possible errors. how will the main referee show that (as per, brushing finger tips for block-out). What the rule book saying about that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9342" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-09-12T14:37:02.383" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T07:58:04.717" Title="Referee reaction for blocked service" Tags="|officiating|volleyball|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24047" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-12T19:14:12.037" Score="1" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are unseeded players, players with protected ranking, qualifiers and wildcards positioned in a Grand Slam singles main draw? Is it a generic random allocation or is it based on a formula/method specific to each Grand Slam?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19011" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-09-13T06:03:06.620" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T09:35:27.960" Title="How are unseeded players, players with PR, qualifiers and wildcard positions determined in a Grand Slam singles main draw?" Tags="|tennis|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24048" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-12T19:55:34.570" Score="3" ViewCount="1291" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the most number of five-set matches at a Grand Slam tournament in the Open Era?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Where does the 2019 US Open (27 five-set matches) rank in the all-time list?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19011" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T13:39:10.047" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T12:47:12.777" Title="Most 5 set matches at a Grand Slam tournament in the Open Era?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24049" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-12T21:04:55.443" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for the longest 5-set winning streak by a player across tournaments? Nishikori is on an 8-match five-set win streak. Where does he stand in the all-time list for most consecutive 5-set wins across tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19011" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-23T21:13:20.523" LastActivityDate="2019-11-23T21:13:20.523" Title="What is the record for the longest 5-set winning streak by a player across tournaments?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24045" CreationDate="2019-09-13T06:07:54.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football is a team sport. There are several aspects to the game like passing,  positioning, zonal marking, man marking, etc. which are lost when a person plays alone against an opponent. The skills that would be refined would be dribbling, shooting and tackling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, you can use your time with your friend to do drills. Drills that two players can comfortably assist each other with such as short passing, long passing, etc. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.soccercoachweekly.net/soccer-drills-and-skills/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Check out this guide for a good set of drills, which can be adapted to suit you and your friend.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If drills feel more like a chore than a fun activity, you can find ways to gamify it. Give points for repeatedly hitting a defined target, the number of sucessful dribbles without getting tackled, the number of successful tackles, etc. This way you would be motivated to compete with your friend while still improving your skills and having fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T06:07:54.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24046" CreationDate="2019-09-13T07:58:04.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules&lt;/a&gt;, page 35:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.5 BLOCKING THE SERVICE 12, D11 (12)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To block an opponent's service is forbidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;D11 (12)&amp;quot; is diagram 11 &amp;quot;Referee's official hand signals&amp;quot;, signal 12 (page 74):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blocking fault or screening&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Raise both arms vertically, palms forward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. the standard signal for an illegal block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T07:58:04.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24054" CreationDate="2019-09-13T09:44:43.517" Score="11" ViewCount="7167" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not referring the year of creation, which it seems German are very proud of (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Schalke_04&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FC Schalke 04&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannover_96&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hannover 96&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do some 1.Bundesliga or 2.Bundesliga teams have the number one and a dot: &lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few notable examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._FSV_Mainz_05&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1. FSV Mainz 05&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1. FC Nürnberg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1. FC Köln&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._FC_Union_Berlin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1. FC Union Berlin&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="16335" LastEditDate="2019-09-14T08:22:47.233" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T18:19:02.817" Title="Why do German football clubs have a number in their name?" Tags="|football|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24053" CreationDate="2019-09-13T12:44:09.000" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/0000237888.jsp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; on the the Bundesliga's website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Germans are traditionally sticklers for accuracy and they're no different when it comes to football. As a general rule of thumb, &lt;strong&gt;if you see a '1.' in front of your team's name that's because they want you to know they were the first such club to be founded in their city.&lt;/strong&gt; Similarly, any other numbers that feature (usually at the end) demonstrate the club's pride in their historical roots by flaunting the year they came into existence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T12:44:09.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24057" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24070" CreationDate="2019-09-13T22:26:53.537" Score="7" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;3rd placed teams in the Champions League group stages &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League#Group_stage_and_knockout_phase&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;go into the Europa League&lt;/a&gt;. I was thinking, assuming an average Champions League team, is it more worth it (purely financially speaking) to go into the knockout stage (and risk getting knocked out at the next rounds), or drop down into the (potentially easier) Europa League and possibly go all the way to the final / win it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Winning the Europa League has the ultimate reward as a spot in the following year's Champions League which is also financially rewarding in itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19016" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T12:27:20.653" Title="For an average Champions League team, is it financially more worth it to go through to knockout stages or drop down in to Europa League?" Tags="|football|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24063" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-15T16:54:47.400" Score="1" ViewCount="475" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, a batter steps forward as he attempts to hit the ball. He misses, but is out of the crease. He quickly turns back and gets his bat over the line just before the wicket keeper knocks the bails off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it make any difference to the score or game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just curious as I'm watching a game and this happened, but the wicket keeper stopped &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; before he knocked the bails off. I'm wondering why he didn't knock the bails off anyway, just in case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: and a follow up question to this. If it's not against the rules, what stops the wicket keeper just doing this randomly to waste time or for some other reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastEditorUserId="3655" LastEditDate="2019-09-15T17:00:48.773" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T17:31:20.130" Title="What happens if you knock the bails off while the batter is behind his crease?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24063" CreationDate="2019-09-15T17:31:20.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does it make any difference to the score or game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The batsman was in their ground, so they are not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm wondering why he didn't knock the bails off anyway, just in case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Primarily, because doing so would at best (see below) be against the spirit of the game, the same as appealing on every ball even if it's blatantly not out would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also the issue that while &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2736/run-out-without-bails&quot;&gt;it is possible to put the wicket down when the bails have already been removed&lt;/a&gt;, it's much harder than when the bails &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; there. If after getting their bat down the batsman was careless enough to lift their bat without making their ground with at least one of their feet, the wicket-keeper would easily be able to dismiss the batsman if the bails were still on; if the bails were already off, and the stumps otherwise disturbed, it would be harder for them to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what stops the wicket keeper just doing this randomly to waste time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because wasting time is itself against the laws, specifically &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 41.9&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;41.9.1 It is unfair for any fielder to waste time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and if repeated will lead to penalty runs being given to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T17:31:20.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24081" CreationDate="2019-09-15T19:18:14.150" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been an NFL player that was drafted by multiple teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did they manage to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19028" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-09-22T19:44:42.457" LastActivityDate="2019-09-22T19:44:42.457" Title="Has any player in NFL history been drafted to more than one team?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-16T05:34:49.300" Score="2" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a USBC League Bowler, and I'm tracking my own stats, and I want to know my Strike Rate Percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, you would take and divide the number of frames bowled by the number of strikes bowled, but how do you account for the tenth frame? If I bowl a perfect game, that's 100%. But let's take this scenario where I bowled a 232.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yB1An.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yB1An.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see here I have 8 strikes in the game and 2 of them in the tenth frame. 8 strikes / 10 frames is 80% strike rate, but not when 2 of the strikes are in the tenth frame. 8 strikes / 12 first throw chances for 75%. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I figure this out in Excel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19030" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-09-16T05:38:59.227" LastActivityDate="2023-09-25T01:39:55.283" Title="How do you calculate a ten-pin bowling strike rate?" Tags="|statistics|bowling|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24067" CreationDate="2019-09-16T08:32:40.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your divisor here isn't &quot;frames&quot;, but the number of times you threw at a full rack. So with three full racks in the tenth with your sample game, you're correct that you should divide by 12.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't close out the tenth, then you could be dividing by only 10.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pseudocode for Excel.  I'll indicate the ball number after the frame:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (10.1 == &quot;x&quot; and 10.2 == &quot;x&quot;) -&amp;gt; number of racks = 12&#xA;elseif (10.1 == &quot;x&quot; or 10.2 == &quot;/&quot;) -&amp;gt; number of racks = 11&#xA;else -&amp;gt; number of racks = 10&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T08:32:40.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24057" CreationDate="2019-09-16T10:12:57.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's probably not worth the risk. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reaching the knockout stage of the Champions League alone is worth 9.5 Million €, even if you get knocked out directly. Also you get a piece of the big cake... TV money and some cash based on the team's UEFA coefficient. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Europa League you'd have to reach the final in order to make that much money (~ 10 Million Euros). Surviving 4 rounds there is just as risky as playing a top tier team in the UCL and unlike in the UCL you &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; to win. The UCL prize money is guaranteed and surviving one round will net you a lot more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T10:12:57.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24057" CreationDate="2019-09-16T12:27:20.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Reaching the eighth-finals of Champions League and being eliminated: worst case scenario&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finishing second with four draws and two loses will grant you 4x0.9 = &lt;strong&gt;3.6 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reaching the eighth-finals, add &lt;strong&gt;9.5 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the team will earn &lt;strong&gt;13.1 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Finishing 3rd in group stages, then winning the Europa League: best case scenario&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finishing third with four wins and two loses will grant you 4*2.7 = &lt;strong&gt;10.8 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then from the sixteenth-finals to winning the Europa, add &lt;strong&gt;14 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the team will earn &lt;strong&gt;24.8 million euros&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in theory, you can have configurations where Europa League could be more profitable, but that is very unlikely and way too risky. And Europa is not that easy, a lot of good teams are playing in it and reaching the finals is very hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Other sources of income&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Television, stadium attendance, sponsors incomes are higher with the UCL that EL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt; Sources: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League#Prize_money&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;UCL Prize money&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League#Prize_money&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;EL Prize money&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T12:27:20.653" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-16T20:23:33.477" Score="2" ViewCount="893" Body="&lt;p&gt;An official standing inbounds is inbounds. Does a ball come into play when thrown off such an official, as it does when thrown off an opponent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17806" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-09-17T04:07:49.310" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T07:00:55.233" Title="Can a player inbound the ball off an official?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24073" CreationDate="2019-09-17T07:55:36.023" Score="7" ViewCount="3229" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the last lap, at the start-finish straight, just as they are ending the race, F1 drivers (especially those at the front) move their car off the racing line towards the wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing that they do that to make sure they won't be overtaken, but I can never find an explanation anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they do so? Is there a rule that says you can't be overtaken on the outside at the end of the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4887" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2019-09-18T09:53:43.190" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T06:42:05.977" Title="Why do F1 drivers move towards the pit wall at the end of the race?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24072" CreationDate="2019-09-17T09:03:24.717" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's definitely no rule precluding being overtaken on the last lap / corner; it's all fair game (yellow &quot;no overtaking&quot; flags permitting in the event of an incident). Drivers simply do this &quot;for show&quot; and/or to acknowledge their team who may be gathered and celebrating on the pit wall as they cross the line. It's not limited to the leader either. For example a driver finishing unexpectedly higher than normal (e.g. 4th or 5th place) may do the same thing whereas a driver who is unhappy with their finishing position would typically not (even if they were in second place).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/AACbmSCrXbI?t=356&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this clip&lt;/a&gt;, Vettel (red car) crossed the line first but knew he had a penalty so knew he was effectively in second place. He very much did &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; celebrate as he crossed the line. Behind him, Hamilton (silver car) won and was happy so he swerved to his to team to celebrate: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="737" LastEditDate="2019-09-17T09:09:21.950" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T09:09:21.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24074" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-17T13:54:39.260" Score="0" ViewCount="5585" Body="&lt;p&gt;During face-offs, conferences and during fights in UFC (and sometimes even in wrestling or boxing matches), it's often noticed that women walk around wearing bikinis around the octagon. Why is this the case? One might not notice this in a football, basketball, tennis or any other kind of sporting competition or event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The strangeness of this matter, got my head scratching. I hope someone can provide me with a reasonable answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19035" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2019-10-07T03:27:25.113" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T22:24:05.083" Title="Why do women walk around wearing bikinis in UFC conferences and during fights?" Tags="|boxing|mma|ufc|wrestling|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24076" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-17T22:48:23.850" Score="2" ViewCount="1215" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, all of the stats like YPG, and average fantasy points are calculated somehow.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;How is a passer's rating calculated?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does it have something to do with the average yards gained per completion, or other countless QB statistics?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What is the formula that is used to calculate the passer rating?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16335" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-17T13:01:29.740" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T13:01:29.740" Title="How is a Quarterback's passer rating calculated in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24072" CreationDate="2019-09-18T00:38:58.163" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first this question seems to be &lt;em&gt;off topic&lt;/em&gt; because any possible answer would be &lt;em&gt;opinion based&lt;/em&gt;. However, if we analyse the speed and trajectory of all race winners when crossing the finishing line we could back up an answer with actual data. Of course, such data would be very hard to collect, so we have to use our (sometimes imperfect) memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been watching F1 races since the 70's. Back then it was very common (actually we could say it was the &quot;rule&quot;) to cross the finishing line at full speed. The iconic image that comes to any F1 fan's mind is Colin Chapman throwing his hat in the air:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/pSS6zONI0Zk?t=419&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/pSS6zONI0Zk?t=419&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at the speed of the car, with a bunch of people on the track! The one at 7:20 is particularly scaring, completely unacceptable by modern safety standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first driver I remember seeing slowing down at the finishing line and driving next to the pit wall was Schumacher. He started doing that during his Ferrari years, because during his Benneton years it was still common the race official waving the checkered flag at the track, which made impossible driving next to the wall&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, as you can see here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/aklM6-sjdl0?t=73&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/aklM6-sjdl0?t=73&lt;/a&gt;. Then, almost all other drivers started imitating Schumacher and now it's quite common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason? The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24073/16880&quot;&gt;other answer&lt;/a&gt; already explained: celebrating with the crew. By the way, until today I always pay attention to the driver crossing the finishing line, just to see if he will cross at full speed, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/h-ce3gPMsGc?t=326&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Leclerc at the last race on Monza&lt;/a&gt; (on that occasion because Bottas was on his tail).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;Actually, we can argue that slowing down and crossing the finishing line next to the pit wall became possible only after the checkered flag started to be waved at an elevated position. Since the checkered flag being waved at an elevated position was part of the mid-90s safety improvements, even if my memory fails and Schumacher was not the first one, we can determine that drivers started crossing the finish line next to the pit wall around that period.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-06-03T06:42:05.977" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T06:42:05.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24076" CreationDate="2019-09-18T01:22:12.583" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware how fantasy points factor into a QB's passer rating. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, there are four separate calculations made with respect to passing values:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;((completions / attempts) - .3) * 5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;((yards / attempts) - 3) * .25&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;(touchdowns / attempts) * 20&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;2.375 - ((interceptions / attempts) * 25)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For each one, set the result to 2.375 if above that value, or set it to zero if negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take these four calculations, divide the sum by six, and multiply by 100. And voila, the passer rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passer_rating#NFL_and_CFL_formula&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19038" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-09-19T22:32:00.963" LastActivityDate="2019-09-19T22:32:00.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24083" CreationDate="2019-09-19T07:34:33.857" Score="3" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are some things that a new tennis player should consider when buying a racket? In this case cost isn't a factor and the player has no idea what to look for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2019-09-19T12:52:18.357" LastActivityDate="2019-09-19T21:01:31.343" Title="What features should I look for when buying a tennis racket?" Tags="|tennis|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24066" CreationDate="2019-09-19T13:02:39.817" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bo Jackson was drafted first overall in 1986 by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He refused to sign after the Buccaneers lied to him about his NCAA eligibility. They told him that it was okay for him to come and tour their facilities. He was informed that he was not NCAA eligible to play and as a result he missed all of his senior year baseball season. He then was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in 1986 to play baseball. The following year, the Oakland Raiders drafted Bo to play football. So Bo Jackson was drafted by the Buccaneers and the Raiders in the NFL, plus the Royals in MLB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2019-09-19T13:02:39.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24079" CreationDate="2019-09-19T21:01:31.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a brand new tennis player, it doesn't really matter too much. Since they're new to the sport, they haven't developed a playstyle yet, and so it's impossible to know their strengths and weaknesses, their likes and dislikes, all of which are vital information in choosing a racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, we can make some generalizations. Newer players are generally recommended to start with lighter rackets with a larger head size (~110 sq in). Lighter racquets are easier to swing, and a larger head size allows for more leeway in striking the ball, since the contact surface is larger. Start from there and work your way forward. Once the player starts to get a solid hold on the fundamentals and develop their own  playstyle, then they can move forward with selecting a more personalized racket to suit their needs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17230" LastActivityDate="2019-09-19T21:01:31.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24071" CreationDate="2019-09-19T22:48:28.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-8-out-of-bounds-and-throw-in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, neither officials nor players are mentioned explicitly in the throw-in rule.  The portions of the rule that most would match this situation are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.II.c The ball is caused to go out-of-bounds by the last player to touch it&#xA;  (including by touching the player’s hair or uniform) before it goes&#xA;  out, provided it is out-of-bounds because of touching something other&#xA;  than a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;8.III.f A throw-in which touches the floor, or any object on or outside the&#xA;  boundary line, or touches anything above the playing surface is a&#xA;  violation. The ball must be thrown directly inbounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I assume officials are treated as another portion of the playing environment and the ball striking one would be the same as the floor at that location.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the ball struck only the floor (or official) and then went out of bounds, it's out of bounds off the throw-in player and you have a change of possession.  A ball striking the official doesn't change which team is controlling the ball for out-of-bounds purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition as Tom Mercer said in a comment, on a throw-in the officials would not normally be standing inbounds.  So this shouldn't be possible to accomplish anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-09-20T21:55:11.567" LastActivityDate="2019-09-20T21:55:11.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24095" CreationDate="2019-09-20T20:30:03.490" Score="-2" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;All I can find is various predictions about the winners of games. Doesn't the margin of victory mean anything in this sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1110" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-09-25T13:18:29.177" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T08:57:32.363" Title="Why can't I find any point-spread information about the World Cup of rugby?" Tags="|rugby-union|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24074" CreationDate="2019-09-24T21:59:09.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be a carry over from boxing when ladies would display a sign when a new round was about to start.  Why use ladies??...probably because most spectators are men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17769" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T21:59:09.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17246" CreationDate="2019-09-25T06:19:28.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the very same case 3.14 stated in the casebook 2018, it is not a fault. Apparently, the FIVB has corrected the decision if it was different in 2017. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MLZIC.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MLZIC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19057" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T06:19:28.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24071" CreationDate="2019-09-25T06:21:15.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.   The official is the same as the floor they are standing on.  If they are standing out of bounds the ball is out of bounds and the other team's ball at original throw in spot.   If the referee is in bounds it can legally hit the official but the player throwing it in can't be the first to touch the ball - hitting the ref doesn't suffice and again the other team's ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you could throw it off the ref if it hits someone else after... but really... in all levels of basketball the only ref near the person throwing the ball in is out of bounds and the only ref on the court is 30-60 feet away.   So this question has no point practically speaking.   A ref being hit by a throw in that far away is hard to imagine as the ref would just jump out of bounds.   And this doesn't account for how the person throwing it in would throw a ball 50 feet, ref doesn't move, hits ref, and then player that threw it in is the first to touch the ball.   Has never happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T06:21:15.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24085" CreationDate="2019-09-26T08:57:32.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The margin victory does mean something in Rugby, especially with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup#Pool_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 World Cup&lt;/a&gt; rules where during the Pool stage,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A team scoring four tries in a match is awarded a &lt;strong&gt;bonus point&lt;/strong&gt;, as is &lt;strong&gt;a team that loses by fewer than eight points&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't know you country, but if sports bet are legal in yours, in any website you should find bet details regarding points margin betting options. But in some countries, this options might be forbidden as betting is very country specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T08:57:32.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24047" CreationDate="2019-09-26T22:19:44.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, random allocation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the following section in the official &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/officiating/rulebooks/grand-slams.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Grand Slam rulebook&lt;/a&gt; (note that Wild Cards may be seeded):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Z. ENTRY PROCEDURES / 2. Singles Main Draw / g. Method of Draw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Text excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;g. Method of Draw&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  A draw sheet for 128 places will be used. The placement&#xA;  of seeds as heretofore provided. The remaining players, including the&#xA;  Qualifiers, will be drawn and placed into the vacant spaces in the&#xA;  draw, beginning at the top of the draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="9793" LastEditDate="2019-09-27T09:35:27.960" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T09:35:27.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24049" CreationDate="2019-09-26T22:33:21.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tennisabstract data&lt;/a&gt;, Björn Borg holds the &lt;strong&gt;male&lt;/strong&gt; record in winning 5 set matches in a row. He won &lt;strong&gt;13&lt;/strong&gt; over the course of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/player-classic.cgi?p=BjornBorg&amp;amp;f=ACareerqqP5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1976 to 1980&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Patrick Rafter won &lt;strong&gt;12&lt;/strong&gt; in a row between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/player-classic.cgi?p=PatrickRafter&amp;amp;f=ACareerqqP5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995 and 2000&lt;/a&gt; if we ignore losses by RET. If we do not ignore these, he won 11 in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lleyton Hewitt won &lt;strong&gt;10&lt;/strong&gt; in a row between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/player-classic.cgi?p=LleytonHewitt&amp;amp;f=ACareerqqP5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 and 2006&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following players won &lt;strong&gt;9&lt;/strong&gt; at some point in their careers: Tomas Berdych, Nicolas Lapentti, Boris Becker, Dan Goldie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T22:33:21.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14214" CreationDate="2019-09-27T09:16:27.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't find any occurrence of a climber abandoning at a final stage with a higher number of climbing points leaving the Red-Dotted jersey to the runner-up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I found some cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Pellizotti&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Franco Pellizotti&lt;/a&gt; finished the Tour as leader of the Red-Dotted jersey with 210 points, however after suspicious blood values, his results were cancelled and the jersey re-attributed to Egoi Martinez who finished second with 135.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2008, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Kohl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bernhad Kohl&lt;/a&gt; finished with 120 points but was disqualified so Carlos Sastre won the jersey with 80 points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T09:16:27.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24048" CreationDate="2019-09-27T19:00:17.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/JeffSackmann/tennis_atp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;data provided by Jeff Sackmann&lt;/a&gt;, these are the Grand Slams with the most 5 setters since 1969:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Grand Slam&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;5 set matches&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1969&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1983&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;US Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;US Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Roland Garros&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1994&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2001&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Roland Garros&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;32&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Roland Garros&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1998&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Australian Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2001&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2015&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wimbledon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2019's US Open would rank only 36th in that list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-01-31T12:47:12.777" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T12:47:12.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22992" CreationDate="2019-09-27T22:08:51.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No it is not a foul and is not even in discussion for being a foul with anyone with even beginner's level of basketball aptitude - across all levels and basketball leagues.   There is no rule to point to because there are only rules for fouls and this clearly isn't.   Smacking the basketball is not a foul - ever - unless it is done with a closed fist or leg/foot.   Since you did not insinuate those things I will not bother people with the rules for those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to think about it this way.   When you smack a basketball, the ball is just as much yours as your opponents while you are in contact with the ball.   And your opponent using your thought process would be impeding your smack by holding onto the ball tight (your thought process is wrong just giving you an example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T22:08:51.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-28T17:26:02.687" Score="-2" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I check if Tony Romo is commentating a particular CBS game? I know he usually commentates the afternoon games, but which ones? The CBS site doesn't seem to list the commentators for each game, or am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19066" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T12:34:01.803" Title="Tony Romo broadcast times?" Tags="|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-30T00:11:02.687" Score="2" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder why marathon runners are so tactical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I watch them on TV, there seems no doubt to me&#xA;that they control their pace according to that of others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just suspect it would be better if they ignored others and focused their attention&#xA;on their own pace so that they could finish in the shortest possible time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are marathon runners so tactical?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any reasonable reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19069" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T01:39:28.437" Title="Why are marathon runners so tactical? Any reasonable reason?" Tags="|tactics|marathon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24102" CreationDate="2019-09-30T12:34:01.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;506sports.com is generally the big name for NFL broadcast maps. They're most known for finding out what your US local TV station is airing, but their maps also shows who they think the scheduled announcers are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T12:34:01.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24104" CreationDate="2019-09-30T15:54:06.567" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Marathons are a competitive sport.  Runners want to finish with both the best time they can manage and ahead of other runners.  Long distance running is a juggle managing your energy and reserves while not hurting yourself.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Runners often find that the competition of pacing someone produces an overall pace a little faster than they might have thought possible.  Pacing the person directly behind you keeps him or her behind you.  As the runner in front you might find that you can maintain your position at a slightly easier pace, that is with less injury.  Even if the final time is only a second difference you are still ahead in the field (you know, 233rd instead of 234th out of 500).  Pacing a person in front of you keeps him or her in catching distance either at the end or at another key point like a water stop.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Drafting is when one runner is literally tailing the runner directly in front of him or her.  There is a benefit to drafting, but just like in cycling, constant drafting is both poor sportsmanship and dangerous.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite running being a solitary sport, it's still a competitive sport.  Your body has a little more energy with the motivation of a competitor.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T15:54:06.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24109" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-30T17:49:33.297" Score="0" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/nfcnorth/post/_/id/24165/rewind10-the-packers-and-7-point-deficits&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, the 2010 Green Bay Packers and 1962 Detroit Lions went the entire season without ever trailing in a game by more than 7 points.  (Did any other teams accomplish that?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been an NFL team whose largest deficit in one season was 6 points or less?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T17:49:33.297" Title="Has any NFL team ever gone an entire season without trailing by 7 or more points?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24110" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-01T15:17:06.997" Score="1" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;series&lt;/a&gt; is 2 or more consecutive games against the same team.  For a 3-game series, a team loses that series if they lose 2 or all 3 of the games.  For a 4-game series, a team loses that series if they lose 3 or all 4 of the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the fewest number of series lost by a MLB team during a regular season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T15:17:06.997" Title="What is the fewest number of series lost by a baseball team in a season?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24111" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-02T04:50:15.500" Score="4" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team has only ten players on the field for offense, are they still required to have seven on the line of scrimmage, or can they have four in the backfield?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19078" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-17T13:01:33.537" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T13:01:33.537" Title="Ten players on offense" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24111" CreationDate="2019-10-02T06:43:30.907" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/3831/2019-playing-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; the requirements of the offensive formation are given in Rule 7, Section 5, Article 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. OFFENSIVE TEAM. The offensive team must be in compliance with the following at the snap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) It must have seven or more players on the line (3-19)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Eligible receivers must be on both ends of the line, and all of the players on the line between them must be ineligible receivers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) No player may be out of bounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Portion (a) which specifies the number of players on the line has no conditionals whether for lack of players or any other situation.  A formation with fewer players on the line should be charged as illegal and penalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T06:43:30.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24114" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-02T19:03:54.723" Score="3" ViewCount="1704" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I've been working on creating a tournament bracket, and have drawn up some diagrams for how it will be run. The tournament involves 16 players. The Winners bracket is currently labelled like so: (with a few missing on the end)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nZOAt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nZOAt.png&quot; alt=&quot;Winners bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I wasn't sure how the naming convention worked for the Loser's bracket, as there are two rounds of the same size:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wOkEd.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wOkEd.png&quot; alt=&quot;Losers bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should these rounds be named?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19081" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T03:07:05.663" Title="Double Elimination Bracket Naming Convention" Tags="|terminology|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24114" CreationDate="2019-10-02T19:41:54.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can think of a few decent options for this bracket layout.  For a simplistic approach, you could simply label them &lt;em&gt;First Round, Second Round, Third Round... Final&lt;/em&gt; and leave it at that.  Not very elegant, but serves the purpose of providing a label.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option could be to base the loser's bracket labels on the round from the winner's bracket they are coming from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qualifiers Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eights Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Loser's Quarters Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quarters Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Loser's Semi-Final Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Semi-Final Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Grand Final Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you could shuffle these around and use the term &lt;em&gt;Play-in&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qualifiers Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eights Play-in Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eights Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quarters Play-in Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quarters Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Semi-Final Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Grand Final Elimination Round&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I still see an issue with the &quot;Grand Final&quot; round, as the winner may have already beaten the loser and to win, the loser will have to beat the winner twice, but that's not really relevant to the question at hand, I suppose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T19:41:54.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24114" CreationDate="2019-10-03T02:25:00.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A system where contestants that do not advance due to failing to meet the qualifying standard (beating a set time or score, or in this case winning the match) is called &lt;em&gt;repechage&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you are aiming to create is called a &lt;em&gt;full repechage bracket&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;full&quot; because all losing contestants have a chance to eventually return to the main competition in some way).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the names of each round in each bracket can be numbered according to traditional systems, preceded by clarification of whether they are the Main or Repechage bracket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In likely order of play, these rounds would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main Round 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Repechage Round 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main Round 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Repechage Round 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main Quartfinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Repechage Quarterfinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main Semifinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Repechage Semifinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Repechage Final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grand Final&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T02:25:00.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24120" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-03T20:42:38.200" Score="1" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard of people playing court rules where the two players on the same side in doubles play sides rather than alternate shots. Is this legal and if so what are the rules please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19087" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-08T06:16:35.960" LastActivityDate="2020-04-10T00:15:07.423" Title="Table Tennis Doubles Rules" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-04-12T06:51:44.223" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24074" CreationDate="2019-10-04T08:28:58.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;These women are called &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ring Girls&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and have been part of the boxing folklore since 1965. The initial intent was to give the feeling of a show more than just a combat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livestrong.com/article/422685-what-are-the-girls-who-walk-around-the-boxing-rings-between-rounds/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article from livestrong.com&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ring Girl Duties&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes right down to it, the responsibilities of the ring girl aren't vast or complicated. Usually, the attractive model &lt;strong&gt;holds a large placard indicating the next round&lt;/strong&gt;. Often, &lt;strong&gt;the ring girl walks around the ring or cage with the sign, then blows a kiss to the camera&lt;/strong&gt; and takes her seat to watch the fight with the rest of the crowd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;History in Boxing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ring girls first rose to prominence after a 1965 edition of &amp;quot;Ring Magazine&amp;quot; ran a photo of a Las Vegas model holding a sign at a boxing match. The scantily-clad women were &lt;strong&gt;meant to draw viewers in and create more of a Vegas-like spectacle out of the combat on display&lt;/strong&gt;. Eventually, &lt;strong&gt;most fight promotions adopted the practice of including ring girls in their events&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T08:28:58.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24123" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-04T21:35:23.277" Score="1" ViewCount="1681" Body="&lt;p&gt;After receiving the service the ball hits the net. It is legal to continue as long as you are within the 3 hits limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But can the same player continue after hitting the net? Player 1 hits the net, the ball bounces, and then the same Player 1 continues by passing to another team member?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19093" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-05T00:57:21.370" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T09:41:42.713" Title="Playing again by the same player after hitting the net" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24123" CreationDate="2019-10-05T09:41:42.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not allowed. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The official rules&lt;/a&gt; say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.1.1 CONSECUTIVE CONTACTS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively (except Rules 9.2.3, 14.2 and 14.4.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's have a look at these exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.2.3 The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts take place simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This situation is not simultaneous, so this exception doesn't apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.2 BLOCK CONTACT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consecutive  (quick  and  continuous)  contacts  with  the  ball  may  occur  by one or more blockers, provided that the contacts are made during one action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.4.2 The first hit after the block may be executed by any player, including the one who has touched the ball during the block&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this isn't about blocking, these exceptions don't apply either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T09:41:42.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13742" CreationDate="2019-10-05T20:03:07.410" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even if the goalkeeper is standing inside the goal post, as long as the ball has not crossed the goal line it is not a goal / if the ball in the keepers hand immediately while saving a shot and his legs or one leg is inside the goal, no goal if ball has not crossed goal line. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19099" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T20:03:07.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-05T22:26:22.620" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok so I’m relatively new to baseball and I am getting to grips with the rules through playing the mlb the show video game. In the game there is a situation which I always get called out and I don’t understand why, when I’m not getting tagged. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation is this;&#xA;I’m on base and the next hitter has hit a flyout. I’ve advanced bases. I then get called out via double play when the defence throws the ball to the plate which I started at. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like I said I’m quite new to the game of baseball and this is really mind boggling to me as I’ve already advanced to the next base, some instances I’ve got to home plate and still been called out this way too. Someone please help me to wrap my head around this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks guys. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19100" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T17:29:44.083" Title="Help me to understand how I am out" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24126" CreationDate="2019-10-06T17:29:44.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners are not allowed to advance before the defense catches a ball directly off the bat  (so ground balls do not count in this situation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After it is caught, or if the ball is not caught directly off the bat, then the runner may leave the base.  If the runner does leave early, then the defense may put the runner out by tagging the base before the runner returns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(b)(5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.09 (b) Retiring a runner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any runner is out when: ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) He fails to retouch his base after a fair or foul ball is&#xA;  legally caught before he, or his base, is tagged by a&#xA;  fielder. He shall not be called out for failure to retouch&#xA;  his base after the first following pitch, or any play or&#xA;  attempted play. This is an appeal play;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The MLB rulebook is fairly readable.  It's the best place to go if you want to know every situation that can cause a batter or a runner to be retired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T17:29:44.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23035" CreationDate="2019-10-06T21:47:18.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25.2.1 Establishing a pivot foot by a player who catches a live ball on the playing court:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Second bullet point ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   • A player who catches the ball while he is progressing, or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ▬ If, after receiving  the ball, a player shall release the ball to start his dribble before his second step.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ▬ The first step occurs when one foot or both feet  touch the floor &lt;strong&gt;after gaining control of the ball.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ▬ The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot touches the floor or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bold emphasis after gaining control of the ball is mine, but key to this rule. &#xA;The way the rule typically taught to refs is to treat the gather of the ball as step 0. IE placing 2 hands on the ball is linked to the zero step.&#xA;Then After gathering the ball you get 2 steps.&#xA;Your question said the player gathered  control in the air. In most cases this gather in the air is treated as the zero step as soon as a foot hits the floor. The first grounding would be the 0 step.  See video 4 about 1 min in, in slo mo.&#xA;But if some managed to be in the air a long time with clearly 2 hands on the ball. A ref might see no zero step if the gather and zero step are too far apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) it used to be that releasing the ball was necessary under FIBA&#xA;  rules, but after the changes of travelling rules so they would be more&#xA;  similar to NBA, holding the ball (after two steps) became legal,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;YES that right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is allowed now:&#xA;Pass, jump to shoot, lift his second foot and pivot on step 1.&#xA;Easiest understood with videos.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZu5iE7yrPI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A great example of what WAS a travel under FIBA rules but is NOW 100% legal &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1Aq1VdECY0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video 2 Instructional video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3h9lnbqm0k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video 3 Rule explanations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=887WqI30HDc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Video 4 Another slow mo version to explain FIBA rule change 2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w37HBcwjs18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;If you still need convincing. This should clarify remaining doubts..&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastEditorUserId="11802" LastEditDate="2019-10-06T21:54:57.887" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T21:54:57.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22565" CreationDate="2019-10-07T08:46:12.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Ram's answer, I would like to specify that even a &quot;Match&quot; jersey isn't &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the same than the one wore by the pros.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pros have several patches referring to the played game (e.g. UCL patch, &quot;Fair Play&quot; or &quot;Respect&quot;...) or to the former season winning (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scudetto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scudetto&lt;/a&gt; in Italia).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can still buy these patches by his own means, but it's usually not included when you buy a &quot;match&quot; jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastActivityDate="2019-10-07T08:46:12.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24120" CreationDate="2019-10-07T16:31:52.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/08/2019ITTFHandbook_v2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IITF rules&lt;/a&gt; state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.8.2&lt;/strong&gt; In doubles, except as provided in 2.8.3, the server shall first make a service,&#xA;      the receiver shall then make a return, the partner of the server shall then make&#xA;      a return, the partner of the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter each&#xA;      player in turn in that sequence shall make a return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.8.3&lt;/strong&gt; In doubles, when at least one player of a pair is in a wheelchair due to a &#xA;      physical disability, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a  return but thereafter either player of the disabled pair may make returns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the official rules, there is no such thing as court rule. The only exception to taking alternate shots is when players are in wheelchairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2019-10-07T16:31:52.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24134" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-07T17:51:22.373" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm Polish and for my whole life I could just dream of spectacular successes of our national team, like in the 80s. However, about the year 2015 something changed, a lot. Our team started to mean something in the world's football. My question is: &lt;strong&gt;why was so&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know Polish players started playing in not-so-shameful European clubs, like Borussia, Bayern, Arsenal and of course it mattered a lot but is it really a concidence that a sufficient number of them played in such clubs and it was enough to form a quite strong national team? In Poland much praise went down on Adam Nawałka, the manager of the team. In fact, his team didn't consist of stars only, he found some players from the Polish league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it was money which appeared in the Polish league and infrastructure and level of schooling improved? Maybe Poland for some reason became interesting for foreign headhunters? I've got no idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19108" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T19:57:32.310" Title="What happened to Polish football in 2014?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-11-22T11:00:04.867" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24137" CreationDate="2019-10-08T00:33:04.610" Score="2" ViewCount="1732" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I went over the Volleyball Canada rulebook for 2018-2019, but I couldn't find anything about a certain situation that occurs often when I play volleyball with friends/colleagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What will sometimes happen is that, during a service, a player on the front-row of the receiving team will jump and return the ball to the serving team by hitting it with both hands at the same time (as if he was trying to &quot;spike&quot; it with two hands). We're wondering whether this move is legal or not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is returning a serve from the front row by jumping legal?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is hitting the ball (in a spike-like motion) with two hands at the same time (contact is made with both hands) legal?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that helps, when this happens, the ball is usually not over the net (net height), but below it. From our point of view, it looks like a full blown &quot;block&quot; or &quot;attack&quot;. Not a receive, nor a set attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19110" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-08T01:13:33.753" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T12:37:36.350" Title="Two-handed &quot;attack&quot; return on a serve?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24135" CreationDate="2019-10-08T12:37:36.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe that the difference between one hand or two makes a difference in this scenario, but I've found relevant rules to reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Returning or blocking a serve is illegal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listed under section 13.3 (Faults of the Attack Hit) of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://volleyball.ca/uploads/Development/Referee/Rules/Rulebook_2018-19_EN_FINAL_-_updated_Oct_2018.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018-2019 Volleyball Canada rulebook&lt;/a&gt; is rule 13.3.4 which describes a fault triggered by attacking an opponent's serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3.4 A player completes an attack hit on the opponent’s service, when the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net (13.2.4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you attempt to return the serve from the front row and the ball is higher than the top of the net, you are committing a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, rule 14.5 addresses blocking a serve rather directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14.5 BLOCKING THE SERVICE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To block an opponent’s service is forbidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So regardless of how the ball is hit, if you attempt to block or return a serve from the front row, you lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I'll say that technically you can hit the ball with both hands so long as the contact with both hands/arms occurs simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.2.3 The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts take place&#xA;simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T12:37:36.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23030" CreationDate="2019-10-09T08:34:31.767" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably a player of Darwen 1898-1899 (2nd division). This team has the record of 18 consecutive defeats as mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_and_statistics_in_England#Losses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia article about UK football records&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T12:35:16.417" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T12:35:16.417" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24111" CreationDate="2019-10-09T14:16:35.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In laymen's terms you are perfectly fine playing with 10 players on offense and it happens quite often - by mistake - in all levels of football.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need 7 players on the line - that's it.   No lineman can catch the ball in the air from a snap.   But you could just snap the ball in the backfield, pick it up and then do whatever.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To make this as clear as possible, the only rule as far as players on the field on offense in football is that you must have seven on the line of scrimmage&lt;/strong&gt; (and in various leagues meet number guidelines for the eligible WRs - the end players on the line).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ILLEGAL FORMATION - The offensive team must be in compliance with the&#xA;  following at the snap: (a) It must have seven or more players on the&#xA;  line (3-19) Eligible receivers must be on both ends of the line, and&#xA;  all of the players on the line between them must be ineligible&#xA;  receivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-10-20T02:34:53.297" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T02:34:53.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15959" CreationDate="2019-10-11T13:15:36.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But, in practice, there is.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; -Jan L. A. van de Snepscheut (at least according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jan_L._A._van_de_Snepscheut&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikiquote&lt;/a&gt;, although variations seem to predate this version)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question seems to presuppose that a pitcher has absolute control over his pitches. Obviously, that's not true, or you'd never see a walk or hit batsmen with based loaded, a tie score, and the game being in the bottom of the ninth (or in extra innings); however - while rare in the Major Leagues - such things do happen, demonstrating that pitchers don't always execute their craft perfectly, which &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/16188/13730&quot;&gt;Frank Anderson's answer&lt;/a&gt; already addressed somewhat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At a bit of a deeper level, I believe there are psychological aspects that can play into this when a pitcher comes up to bat. The pitcher on the mound may relax when his counterpart comes up to bat; in doing so he may lose some focus - enough that his ability to throw strikes is diminished. The flip side of this is that the pitcher who is pitching may get nervous due to thoughts like &quot;This guy is a poor batter, so I must get him out.&quot; This sort of extra stress might be heightened if the batting team is threatening to score and the batter before the pitcher was intentionally walked to bring the batting team's pitcher to the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also the possibility of walking the pitcher for strategic reasons. (While it might be the defensive team's intention to walk the opposing team's pitcher, they wouldn't issue an obvious intentional walk.) Pitching is probably the most tiring position in the game (if it is not, it is #2 to catching). Sometimes it seems that running the bases tires out a pitcher. Since pitchers usually become less effective when they are tired, a team might walk their opponent's pitcher to wear him out a little faster to either improve their chances of scoring off him, or to get him out of the game faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2019-10-11T13:35:27.567" LastActivityDate="2019-10-11T13:35:27.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24153" CreationDate="2019-10-12T12:08:53.600" Score="3" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;On October 12, 2019, Eliud Kipchoge became the first person to run a marathon in under two hours. Why was that performance not the world record, and how was this run different from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16119/why-was-eliud-kipchoges-time-from-nikes-breaking2-not-a-world-record&quot;&gt;Breaking2 project&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T17:51:49.267" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T17:58:19.097" Title="Why is Eliud Kipchoge’s 1:59:41 from Vienna not a world record?" Tags="|rules|records|marathon|athletics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24146" CreationDate="2019-10-12T13:17:56.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the IAAF applies a few restrictions for official marathon records. Among these is the absence of pacemakers. Kipchoge had dozens of pacemakers, none of them going the full distance, but being substituted after a few kilometers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2019-10-12T13:17:56.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24148" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24179" CreationDate="2019-10-13T02:11:36.010" Score="0" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA, does the depth charts of one team match up with the depth charts in another team in terms of who will face who?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me explain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the Celtics have Kemba Walker listed as a Starter for the Point Guard position and the 76ers have Ben Simmons listed as Starter for their Point Guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the Celtics play the 76ers, is it safe to assume that Kemba Walker will face Ben Simmons on the court for most of the time that they are on the court on that game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the answer is, will the same apply to Bench and Bench Warmers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I was clear thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19132" LastEditorUserId="19132" LastEditDate="2019-10-13T14:44:33.223" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T23:38:06.247" Title="NBA player to player match ups" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24146" CreationDate="2019-10-13T16:44:31.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is similar to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/16119/why-was-eliud-kipchoges-time-from-nikes-breaking2-not-a-world-record&quot;&gt;why Kipchoge did not earn the World Record at the 2017 “Breaking2” event&lt;/a&gt;: the Ineos 1:59 Challenge consciously bypassed a number of IAAF rules about marathon competition in pursuit of the sub-2:00 clocking. The IAAF, which ratifies marathon records, only accepts marks from compliant competitions, and would disallow this performance (which some commentators have called a &quot;marathon exhibition&quot;) if it was even submitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Open competition: the winner of the Vienna “race” was ordained from the start. Unlike Breaking2, where several athletes started, Kipchoge was the only athlete to cover the full distance in Vienna. The IAAF would require other competitors under the same rules. (It's dubious if Breaking2 would have been acceptable in this category, but the Ineos 1:59 Challenge didn't even try.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pace assistance: Kipchoge benefited from several dozen world-class pacemakers. While pacemakers are not inherently against the rules, the Vienna setup with pacers joining the race in progress is. To be allowed for record purposes, pacemakers need to start the race with everyone else. Kipchoge also had the visual assistance of a pace car projecting a guide laser on the course; for that kind of assistance to be allowed for record purposes, it would need to be provided for all competitors. (This is also an issue with the pacemakers, who held a formation designed to benefit Kipchoge which would not have been available to other competitors.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Equipment. Whether Kipchoge’s shoes provided unacceptable assistance has been a topic of debate, but even if they did not, they were an unreleased prototype, and IAAF rules require that comparable equipment should be available to all competitors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Additional support: Kipchoge had more-or-less unlimited access to liquids (a carbohydrate beverage) supplied by a cyclist throughout the run. For record purposes, again, all competitors would need to have this kind of access, and that's difficult enough that it's not done.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that Kipchoge currently owns the ratified World Record (from Berlin 2018), I doubt the non-ratification of this performance will bother him much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastEditorUserId="35" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T17:58:19.097" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T17:58:19.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24155" CreationDate="2019-10-14T02:42:32.070" Score="0" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was researching pinch hitting and running the other day, ands I thought of a possible loophole that could be used to get a walk off when in a bad situation in baseball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The premise of the loop hole is pinching all of your best players. To elaborate, you pinch hit the first at-bat of the inning with a better hitter if they are not good at hitting. Then, if they get on base, you pinch run them with a better runner (or stealer, depending on your needs) is they are not good enough at running. Then, repeat until you either win or lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would this loophole work? If it doesn’t, how could it be changed to work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this would be used in the bottom of the 9th inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19124" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T06:26:38.837" Title="Baseball last inning pinch-hitting/pinch-running loophole?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24154" CreationDate="2019-10-14T06:26:38.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because baseball teams have limited rosters, and once a player is removed from the game, that player cannot return, there doesn't seem to be a loophole here that needs to be plugged.  You're free to pinch hit/pinch run with the remaining players, but there's no reason that should give you a significant advantage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting on base in the first place is the more difficult part.  It's unlikely you've got a .200 batter already in your lineup and a .350 batter waiting on the bench.  In fact, most of the time your best batters will have started the game.  Perhaps you have a poor-hitting pitcher or catcher starting the game that would be good to replace in the ninth, but the pinch-hitter isn't going to be a tremendous bat.  So the relative improvement isn't that big.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might well have a weak-hitting speedster on the bench that could pinch run.  But unless you have Rickey Henderson on your staff, the likelihood of scoring isn't tremendously better than other runners, because most of the time you need the help of the batter.  (And if you do have a Rickey on your staff, he should have been in from the start).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for most staffs, tweaking the lineup to improve your chances in the ninth is fine and expected, but far from something that breaks the game or significantly changes your team's chances of winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T06:26:38.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25076" CreationDate="2019-10-14T18:33:32.473" Score="1" ViewCount="706" Body="&lt;p&gt;In every snooker game I have watched O'Sullivan has always been sitting on the left side. Why? How is this decided in the first place? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19144" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T12:52:59.443" Title="Why is O'Sullivan always sitting on the left side?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24158" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-15T00:22:35.193" Score="3" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/2020-olympics-tokyo-south-korea-japan-rising-sun-flag-ban-a9101086.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, for instance, we see the text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the South Korean ministry noted that Fifa has already set the precedent of banning the rising sun flag at international football matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've searched around and I've been unable to find anything except &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/06/120_270240.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article stating&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A professor [...] will begin a campaign to prevent Japan's Rising Sun flag from being used at the FIFA Women's World Cup 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the second article is from a few months earlier, it seems odd that they'd campaign about a single event if FIFA had banned it at match&lt;em&gt;es&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've searched the FIFA web site, but all the hits are for &quot;Land of the Rising Sun&quot; cliches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, there could be conflation by the Korean ministry by claiming the flag is a political/racist statement thus it is by definition banned under existing FIFA rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19146" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T00:22:35.193" Title="Is Japan's Rising Sun flag banned by FIFA?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24159" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-15T03:00:32.977" Score="1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was 3rd and 10 for the Green Bay packers when Detroit sacked Rodgers.  But there was an illegal use of hands to the face-mask by the defense resulting in a 5 yard penalty and a 1st down that would have been 4th and 20 yards to go.  I don’t understand why a 5 yard penalty resulted in a 1st down that eventually led to a touchdown.  Additionally, the replay showed that the penalty called was not correct.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did the Packers get an automatic first down on the penalty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19147" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-10-16T05:22:32.937" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T16:10:19.273" Title="Defensive penalty" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24159" CreationDate="2019-10-15T03:07:49.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A five-yard penalty against the defense for &lt;em&gt;illegal hands to the face&lt;/em&gt; is an automatic first down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What distance the offence previously needed for the next set is irrelevant. They are granted a new first-and-ten  from whatever position they obtain after the penalty is applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-15T03:16:21.180" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T03:16:21.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24167" CreationDate="2019-10-15T11:11:00.233" Score="1" ViewCount="1330" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Monday night game between Green Bay and Detroit on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201910140gnb.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;14 October 2019&lt;/a&gt;, Detroit’s Trey Flowers was twice penalized for “Illegal Hands to the Face” when he wasn’t really touching the face but was instead grabbing the shoulder pads under the chin. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/24159/1723&quot;&gt;result of the penalties was a first down&lt;/a&gt;, both happening at crucial moments for the Packers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ESPN announcer made a big deal about how the calls were wrong and that it affected the outcome of the game. However, a friend of mine pointed out that although “Illegal Hands to the Face” is not the correct call, it should have been penalized as “Defensive Holding,” which results in the same 5 yards and First Down. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true? Is grabbing and holding the shoulder pads under someone’s chin considered Defensive Holding?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-10-15T18:23:42.353" LastActivityDate="2020-12-20T21:18:27.390" Title="Is grabbing the shoulder pads defensive holding?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22477" CreationDate="2019-10-15T11:52:55.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will say no, this would not count as a force out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 2 typical courses of action when a baserunner is called out due to a violation of the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For cases of interference, whether with a batted ball, a throw from a fielder, or a shortstop attempting a double play, the runner is out and the ball is dead. If this were the ruling of the headfirst slide rule, the runners would have to return to their previously touched base before the interference, and the run would not have scored unless that runner had already touched home, regardless of number of outs. It would not be a force out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For cases of runners passing each other on the basepath, or a runner running out of the basepath, there is not a dead ball and play continues. In this case again, the run would score if there were less than 2 outs or the runner touched home plate before the incident occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, the out would not be treated as a force out and the run would score, as long as the runner had touched home plate before the incident occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T11:52:55.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24165" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-16T04:06:07.443" Score="3" ViewCount="466" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm umping in a slow pitch softball league and we had something I've never seen in all my years umping or playing, there's a runner on 1st only and the hitter at bat hits a ground rule double. The runner on 1st sees this going to be a ground rule double and slows down, and while I'm calling the ground rule double the hitter passes the runner. I tell the hitter to go to 2nd and the runner to go to 3rd. The team in the field was furious that I didn't call the hitter out for passing the runner on the base path. I felt very confident about my call since the ball was dead as soon as the ball was out of play but I was hoping that there is a rule to help back me up after this strange situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17473" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-16T17:32:01.660" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T16:24:54.553" Title="Running the bases during a ground rule double" Tags="|rules|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24161" CreationDate="2019-10-16T16:03:26.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using equipment to pressure the face or neck is hands to the face.  It is quite common to see a defensive lineman get a hands to the face penalty when hitting the players neck.   The other option the ref has is to give him a misconduct which is 15.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also both lines can hold the shoulder pads in the front chest area.  I don't think you can find this in a rulebook but it is in referee guides.   However neither side can pull the other using the pads or anything else and this is why holding - on either side - is called 98% of the time.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary this situation didn't seem like defensive holding.   It seemed like a personal foul - hands to face.   In that umbrella it is touching the face mask, chin, or neck or using any equipment to aid in that.   Again I am not sure you will see all of this referenced in a rulebook unless it has been annotated recently.   This is something you will see in referee guides, especially in the NFL where they have a rulebook that covers the main things and then half of the other stuff - like this - is secretly given to their referee crews and is generally non-public (think the catch rule and current PI calls).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T16:03:26.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24159" CreationDate="2019-10-16T16:10:19.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any personal foul is an automatic first down.   This is an NFL rule and not necessarily applicable to lower levels.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a tangent - you are right it doesn't make sense.   So you have misconduct personal fouls like a flagrant face mask, late hit, spearing, hitting a defenseless WR with helmet or whatever.   These are all 15 yards.   It is also understandable that these get an automatic first down because basically most of these are so egregious that it should be more than 15 yards but that has always been the max penalty doled out...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why have a 5 yard penalty for hands to the face when you are basically saying - &quot;that guy had his hands on the face of the other guy but didn't seem to be doing so on purpose and didn't seem to be trying to hurt the other player&quot; AND then give them a first down.   That doesn't make sense.   To step in line with other penalties it should be a &quot;free-play&quot; for the offense and then 5 yards and repeat the down which is still a hefty penalty given the free-play status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T16:10:19.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24169" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-16T18:18:44.767" Score="1" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand whole number goals in Over Under betting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are described as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://betdaqhelp.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/157/~/what-are-under%2Fover-markets&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://betdaqhelp.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/157/~/what-are-under%2Fover-markets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am happy that I am calculating the bets with fractional goals numbers correctly. I calculate the probabilities of each score. Then for 2.5 goals I sum up all goal combinations that are &amp;lt;= 2 goals, this is the under, similarly all goal combinations more than &gt;= 3 is the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm unsure about is the case where the number of goals has an integer value say 2. In this case if the total number of goals is 2 then the stake is returned. So as before the over is all goal combinations that are 3 or more, but this time the under is all goal combinations that strictly are less than 2. I'm pretty sure this part is correct (but do correct me if I'm wrong). What I want to check is that I should re normalise these probabilities i.e. over/(over+under) and under/(over+under). This is necessary because the outcome total goals=2 is no longer possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baz&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19012" LastEditorUserId="19012" LastEditDate="2019-10-16T18:31:39.330" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T18:31:39.330" Title="The mathematics behind Over/Under Pricing with Integer Goals" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24165" CreationDate="2019-10-16T18:53:38.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an interesting scenario, but I believe you were correct in your ruling.  Referencing the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ub08blsefk8wkkd2oemz.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, any runner may advance &lt;strong&gt;without liability&#xA;to be put out&lt;/strong&gt; in the case of a ground rule double.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the relevant rule (5.06(b)(4))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Each runner including the batter-runner may, without liability&#xA;  to be put out, advance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(F) Two bases, if a fair ball bounces or is deflected&#xA;  into the stands outside the first or third base foul&#xA;  lines; or if it goes through or under a field fence, or&#xA;  through or under a scoreboard, or through or under&#xA;  shrubbery or vines on the fence; or if it sticks in&#xA;  such fence, scoreboard, shrubbery or vines;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this ruling, the ball is dead as soon as the ball leaves the field of play or otherwise becomes unplayable.  So long as the runner maintained his position in front of the other runner prior to the ball entering an unplayable state, he is entitled to advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T18:53:38.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24173" CreationDate="2019-10-17T09:21:20.003" Score="7" ViewCount="845" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the same goalkeeper plays all the games during the competition, and I rarely saw the second goalkeeper playing, even less the third one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been occurrences of teams having their three goalkeepers having played during the competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T00:13:58.120" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T01:51:03.710" Title="Have the three goalkeepers of a squad ever been used during a World Cup?" Tags="|football|history|world-cup|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24165" CreationDate="2019-10-17T16:24:54.553" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You were correct. The specific rule depends on the exact rulebook your league uses, which you did not state. I’ll show the rules from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wbsc.org/wp-content/uploads/ENGLISH-2018-2021-Slow-Pitch-Softball-Playing-Rules-A4-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the (international) WSBC Slow Pitch Softball Playing Rules (2018–2021)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.10.3 a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A runner is out and the ball remains live when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;vi.      they physically pass a preceding runner before that runner has been called out. The ball remains live.  &lt;strong&gt;The runner is not out&lt;/strong&gt; if the ball becomes a foul ball or an uncaught fly foul ball or &lt;strong&gt;if a runner passes a preceding runner on a dead ball play. The ball remains dead;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which states you can pass the preceding runner in a dead-ball situation. And:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.11 b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i) The batter-runner and runner(s) are awarded two bases from the time of pitch in the following circumstances &lt;strong&gt;and the ball is dead&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[…]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) when a fair batted ball passes out of the playing field at a distance less than the dimensions of a regulation field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T16:24:54.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24171" CreationDate="2019-10-17T21:06:11.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Four teams (France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Greece)  used their three goalkeepers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all, only four teams have ever used three goalkeepers in a single&#xA;World Cup tournament. That's out of 371 teams to have qualified for&#xA;the finals – surely time for Fifa to change the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First to use a trio of keepers were France in 1978. The No1 was&#xA;Jean-Paul Bertrand-Demanes who played in Les Bleus' opening game&#xA;against Italy. In the second group game against Argentina,&#xA;Bertrand-Demanes smashed either his back or head (it varies between&#xA;reports) on a post after pulling off a save and had to be replaced by&#xA;Dominique Baratelli, a 31-year-old who had made sporadic appearances&#xA;since 1969. He conceded the winning goal against Argentina and was&#xA;replaced for France's final group game by Dominique Dropsy. The game&#xA;against Hungary was Dropsy's debut and he would go on to win another&#xA;16 caps. Neither Baratelli nor Bertrand-Demanes would ever play for&#xA;the national side again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Belgium went into the 1982 tournament with the eccentric (he served a&#xA;three-month ban in 1980 after elbowing a linesman in a Belgian Cup&#xA;match) but hugely talented Jean-Marie Pfaff as their first choice.&#xA;Pfaff had been welcomed, somewhat apprehensively, back to the fold&#xA;after missing the 1978 European Championships because of his practical&#xA;joking, but he couldn't keep his inner comedian under wraps. He was&#xA;dropped following the first group stage after apparently pretending to&#xA;drown in the swimming pool at the team hotel. His replacement in&#xA;Belgium's opening game in the second group stage was Theo Custers,&#xA;whose performance against Poland was so abject it was his last&#xA;(&amp;quot;Custers's last stand,&amp;quot; notes the World Cup historian Cris Freddi).&#xA;For the Belgian's final game Jacky Munaron took the gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in 1982, Czechoslovakia used three keepers. Zdenek Hruska played&#xA;from start to finish against Kuwait, but Stanislav Seman was preferred&#xA;for the Czech's game against England. A calamitous performance – it&#xA;would be his last for the national side – lasted 75 minutes before he&#xA;broke a finger and was replaced by third-choice Karel Stromsik, who&#xA;kept the No1 spot for the final group game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent team to use three goalkeepers in a single tournament&#xA;were the hapless Greece side of 1994. The Greeks had gone undefeated&#xA;through qualifying and named the experienced Antonis Minou, who had&#xA;conceded only twice in five qualifiers, as No1 for the opening game&#xA;against Argentina. A 4-0 defeat saw 25-year-old AEK keeper Elias&#xA;Atmatsidis in goal against Bulgaria. Another 4-0 defeat followed and&#xA;he was replaced by 24-year-old Christos Karkamanis for the final group&#xA;game. That brought a slight improvement in fortunes – a 2-0 defeat to&#xA;Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/26/world-cup-2010-three-goalkeepers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190323204338/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/26/world-cup-2010-three-goalkeepers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15689" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T01:51:03.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24171" CreationDate="2019-10-17T23:36:00.733" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There already is an answer which provides several occurrences of this happening. (And which probably is complete until the source of that answer was published, which is shortly before &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us collect collaboratively in this community wiki answer other occurrences that we are able to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, Saudi Arabia used all three goalkeepers in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Al-Mayouf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abdullah Al-Mayouf&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Al-Owais&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mohammed Al-Owais&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Al-Mosailem&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yasser Al-Mosailem&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At 2018 FIFA World Cup, all three Tunisian goalkeepers &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouez_Hassen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mouez Hassen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farouk_Ben_Mustapha&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Farouk Ben Mustapha&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aymen_Mathlouthi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aymen Mathlouthi&lt;/a&gt; played in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_G&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 FIFA Women's World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, all&#xA;three Japan goalkeepers &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erina_Yamane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Erina Yamane&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayumi_Kaihori&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ayumi Kaihori&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miho_Fukumoto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Miho Fukumoto&lt;/a&gt; played in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;group stage&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Kaihori played in all matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_knockout_stage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;knockout stage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-17T23:58:46.617" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T23:58:46.617" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-17T23:36:00.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24175" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24176" CreationDate="2019-10-18T10:47:46.080" Score="9" ViewCount="715" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do incentives work in the NFL in respect to salary cap?  For example last season, if Nick Foles played 3 more snaps against the Redskins, he would have received $1,000,000 based on total plays that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, how do those contract incentives work?  Do they count toward the salary cap?  I assume they would have to, as you could simply play a player $1, then give them easily reachable bonuses and incentives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T10:55:17.850" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T11:41:07.060" Title="NFL football incentives" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24175" CreationDate="2019-10-18T11:41:07.060" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL incentive bonuses are split into two categories, likely to be earned (LTBE) and other. Likely to be earned is based on previous years and count immediately towards the cap, so if you have a 100K 10 sack bonus, if you had 10 sacks last year, the team is charged 100K on their cap for the bonus. If you don't achieve a LTBE bonus, the team gets a credit for next year. Any other bonus get applied at the end of the year and overages get deducted from next year's cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find more explanations here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://overthecap.com/a-guide-to-the-nfl-salary-cap/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://overthecap.com/a-guide-to-the-nfl-salary-cap/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T11:41:07.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24177" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-18T15:57:28.407" Score="1" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am shooting the eight-ball for the game, hit the eight-ball, but sink the opponent's ball and the eight-ball does not go down, what happens?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19157" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T23:04:44.637" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T23:18:46.177" Title="Shooting eight-ball legally and sank the opponent's ball instead, what happens?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24177" CreationDate="2019-10-18T22:18:24.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is your opponent's turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You were on the 8 and designated the pocket. With the cue ball, you struck &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; ball first, the 8 ball, which is the 1st requirement for a legal hit.  A ball - as in &lt;em&gt;any ball&lt;/em&gt; - was pocketed, or hit a rail, which meets the 2nd and final requirement for a legal hit.  There was no foul, nor did you pocket your ball.  Therefore, your turn is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastEditorUserId="1516" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T23:18:46.177" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T23:18:46.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24148" CreationDate="2019-10-18T23:38:06.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no definitive rule or answer.  Defensive match ups are at the discretion of the coach or floor captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players can have vastly different levels in skill in offense and defense. For example, take two opposing teams with skilled offensive point guards.  It is not uncommon to put a more defensive minded and taller shooting guard on them for defense.  This keeps the point guards out of foul trouble, as well.  As for substitutions, again its going to depend on the situation.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T23:38:06.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18398" CreationDate="2019-10-19T09:14:31.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American pool, the most common weights of a cue are 18 to 21 ounces.  However, you can go lighter or heavier.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quality pool cues have a hollow part in the butt of the cue, typically under the bumper, where weights can be added or removed.  This allows you to change the weight of your cue, without buying a new one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastEditorUserId="1516" LastEditDate="2019-10-19T23:00:45.680" LastActivityDate="2019-10-19T23:00:45.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24185" CreationDate="2019-10-20T01:16:27.833" Score="2" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for an unbiased (hence the &quot;Blind Draw&quot;) way of creating a single-elimination tournament bracket, but with a little twist. The number of teams I have will not be equal to 2^n. As a matter of fact it'll probably be odd too...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this said, is there a method better than having random &quot;bye&quot; matches (example &lt;a href=&quot;https://challonge.com/tournaments/bracket_generator?ref=QiQpSDg3B1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a little background, the tournament is for a game of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassin_(game)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jackal&lt;/a&gt; (teams of two), specifically, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassin_(game)#Direct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the direct variant&lt;/a&gt;, with a communal pot of money. As such, I'll want to start everyone on even ground, and with no free passes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken, my question seems to be can I have a binary tree with  less than two branches somewhere...I'm just not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19162" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T02:59:47.757" Title="Single Elimination Blind Draw Bracket with # of Teams != 2^n" Tags="|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24183" CreationDate="2019-10-20T02:59:47.757" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you require a single-elimination tournament with a non-power-of-2 number of entries, &lt;em&gt;random draw to first round including byes&lt;/em&gt; is the only way to do it that doesn't require ordering of entrants in some way, and therefore biasing the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you require entrants to be matched in symmetric opposition, where a game with Team A targeting Team B requires Team B to be targeting Team A in return, you cannot avoid this problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with Assassin, you don't need symmetric opposition. Asymmetric opposition allows for Team A to Target Team B, without necessarily Team B targeting (either as a requirement or as an allowance) Team A in return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be done in several ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;cycling or list - a very common management system for such games, Team A targets Team B, who targets Team C, who targets ... who targets Team Z, who targets Team A. When a team is eliminated, the team who was targeting them now takes over their target, with the circle becoming closer (the list becoming shorter) until only two teams are left to target each other.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;pooling (1) - like cycling, but in a collective manner, teams are split into pools and may target any team in a specified pool only, with the pools being cyclic. When only one pool has teams remaining, the teams in that pool may target any team, until only one team remains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;pooling (2) - teams are split until pools and may target any team not in the same pool as themselves, but may only eliminate one team from each other pool. Once they do so, they must eliminate a team from their own pool. Once they do, they go back to eliminating a team from each other pool, and so on, until only one team remains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T02:59:47.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24189" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-22T12:42:28.627" Score="3" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not entirely sure this question fits here, but here we go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've started with boxing/kickboxen a bit over a year ago. Now I'm looking for a way to train at home. Especially with a punching bag or something similar to conditions my body for the impact of punching amd kicking,  so shadowboxing is not really suited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue is that I live in an apartment and I don't have a lot of space for anything so I'm looking for a space saving or easily storable solution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19168" LastActivityDate="2022-02-04T06:24:01.913" Title="Alternative to punching bag" Tags="|equipment|training|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24193" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-24T00:19:03.550" Score="2" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Tennis, you usually have 2 attempts for a service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however under certain circumstances there are more serves made fot one single point, for example when the ball touches the net and then enters the correct T area or when an attempt is overruled by the hawk-eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the most attempts for one single point that have been recorded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12833" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-24T00:47:22.357" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T05:35:19.330" Title="What are the most serve attempts for a single tennis point?" Tags="|tennis|statistics|history|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24196" CreationDate="2019-10-24T10:53:32.797" Score="4" ViewCount="893" Body="&lt;p&gt;Australia is about to start a professional women's baseball league in about 2 years. In the same news report it said that the US doesn't have one. I am amazed. Why? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17554" LastActivityDate="2022-07-24T02:20:52.320" Title="Why doesn't the United States have a Professional Women's Baseball League?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24195" CreationDate="2019-10-24T12:08:27.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Women in the US are usually pushed into softball, for starters. Otherwise, US women professional sports leagues have had a hard time surviving. Women's soccer sees an uptick every time the Women's World Cup rolls around but still trails MLS which fights for its own recognition, the WNBA relies heavily on the NBA propping it up (and even then most players have to also play in Europe to make money) and women's hockey is a mess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-10-24T12:08:27.647" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24195" CreationDate="2019-10-24T18:48:04.750" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is women's baseball.  However the answer why it will not be a &quot;paid sport&quot; is that it highlights the disparities in the human body between the two sexes.  In simple terms adult women would not only be really really bad compared to men they would be really really bad compared to teenagers.   If women could play this sport at a closer level it would have happened (I am not counting one-offs just to watch women).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some issues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the fastest a woman has ever thrown a baseball is 69 mph.  Nolan Ryan was clocked at 108 mph.  That is almost double!   By the same standards the fastest 400 meter dash by a man is 44.5 seconds and a woman is 47.6 seconds.   Pretty close right.   But if you extrapolate the throwing speed and use the 400 meter dash a woman's best time would be about 69 seconds!   Would anyone take that serious?   Just for thought I have a 9 year old that can come pretty damn close to 69 seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;swinging the bat hard enough.   In fast pitch softball they still use metal/composite bats because wood bats would need to be swung harder.   This would be multiplied in baseball as you need to hit further distances and would need a bigger bat.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;throwing to bases.   This isn't how hard but how far too.   You would have issues with 3B and SS making long throws.   Basically you would see issues with slowly hit balls down the line that are routine outs - super easy outs - this would be analogous to 10u kids baseball.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:  When I was in college (D1 school with bigtime basketball) I played a little bit on the practice team - when they had many players hurt.   The summer before my senior year the WNBA had tryouts at our school and the players stayed in the dorms.   There was about 25-30.   I played pickup ball against them for about 2 months with some stragglers at the rec center - so older guys, decent younger players, and a couple like me that got a little practice team time.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In two months any team I played on never lost a game to the all possible-WNBA players (to 21 by 1s and 2s) - zero games.  But there were close games, the girls were rough, and generally kept up.   They simply couldn't stop a hard drive.  If I put my head down and split two players it was a bucket.   But the games were close 21-12ish would be average.   These weren't the WNBA stars but your bench is getting beat by college kids but its close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball however myself and two teammates were throwing mid 80s in high school.   Probably threw 69 by freshman year.   So the competition level for women's baseball is maybe JV high school boys level.   Where the competition level for WNBA (with their best players) is probably close to DIII college.   That is a huge huge difference.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-10-24T18:48:04.750" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25066" CreationDate="2019-10-24T19:48:30.537" Score="5" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, when tracking the relevant statistics (ice time, number of shifts, time per shift, etc) for player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; on team &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;, while team &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; is playing team &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;, does a shift officially end in the following situations? I cannot find any official rules for this, so if possible please point me to the correct reference!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In each of the following situations, does it count as a new shift or a continuation of the previous shift?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, a stoppage of play occurs causing the clock to be stopped, and player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; chooses to remain on the ice for the ensuing faceoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, either team scores, and player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; chooses to remain on the ice for the ensuing faceoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, either team commits a penalty causing a stoppage of play, and player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; chooses to remain on the ice for the ensuing faceoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; commits a penalty and goes to the penalty box, and then player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; comes back on the ice after serving the penalty time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; commits a penalty and goes to the penalty box, and then player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; comes back on the ice, before serving all of the penalty time because team &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt; scores, for the ensuing faceoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is on the ice, the period ends, and player &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; starts on the ice for the next period.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19176" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-10-25T03:41:44.553" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T19:21:52.873" Title="Which of these situations is a new shift?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3489" CreationDate="2019-10-25T16:36:03.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From FIBA Rules Interpretations (31 Jan 2019): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/rules/interpretations.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fiba.basketball/rules/interpretations.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;25-7 Statement. It is a violation to lift a team-mate to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;25-8 Example: A1 embraces his team-mate A2 and lifts him up under the opponent’s basket. A3 passes the ball to A2 who dunks the ball into the basket.&#xA;Interpretation: This is a violation. The goal shall not count. Team B shall be awarded a throwin from the sideline at the free-throw line extended in its backcourt.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19184" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T16:36:03.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15751" CreationDate="2019-10-26T02:50:41.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking through several online dictionaries, my spouse found multiple references to the term &quot;body English&quot; morphing into an &lt;em&gt;intended spin on a ball&lt;/em&gt;.  Given that automatic reaction when bowling or shooting pool when trying to get the ball to spin the way you want to, it makes sense.  However, the folksiness of it being named after a &quot;foreigner&quot; named English, quite charming, as the Brits would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19186" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T02:50:41.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-26T05:20:43.370" Score="2" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Tiger Tracker, Tiger Woods drove the par-4 10th hole at the Accordia Golf Narashino Country Club in Japan. The catch is, it was only 140 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had to double check to see it wasn't a par-3. What gives? Why is a par-4 playing 140 yards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/GCTigerTracker/status/1187956379190874112&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/GCTigerTracker/status/1187956379190874112&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19187" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditorDisplayName="user19187" LastEditDate="2022-03-03T07:06:05.627" LastActivityDate="2022-03-03T07:06:05.627" Title="Why is a par-4 playing 140 yards?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24202" CreationDate="2019-10-26T22:40:20.137" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rain, specfically flooding.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PGA Tour released a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.golfdigest.com/story/the-376-yard-par-4-10th-hole-at-the-zozo-championship-is-playing-130-yards-due-to-rain-and-its-still-a-par-4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt; regarding this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Given the rain that the golf course received, the maintenance team and the golf course itself responded remarkably. After spending the morning repairing bunkers and working tirelessly to get the course in appropriate condition, Rules and Competition staff have assessed the playability of 18 holes and have determined that due to the excessive amount of rain the par-4 10th will be significantly shortened for round 2. Preferred lies will be in effect for the second round. Should all players finish the second round on Saturday, the third round will begin Sunday morning at 6:30 a.m. local time.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hole was shortened to 140-yards and par was unable to be changed to reflect this change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19192" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T22:40:20.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24208" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-27T00:52:30.533" Score="0" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player is fouled on a drive to the basket and continuation is granted but then commits a charging foul while continuing his drive, what is the call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19194" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T13:39:23.273" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T22:01:45.343" Title="NBA Continuation Rule" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24210" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-27T17:43:06.880" Score="2" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today during Arsenal vs Crystal Palace, Pierre Emerick Aubamayeng's boot came out after a tackle and he couldn't retrieve the ball, but in case if he managed to retrieve the ball, is he allowed to continue to play immediately, without the boot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-10-28T06:17:07.333" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T12:32:58.213" Title="Playing without boots" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-10-29T13:38:56.990" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24218" CreationDate="2019-10-27T18:24:03.207" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the Yankees played the Mets in the World Series, it would be the two teams with the shortest distance between ballparks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it is now, and for every other case in memory, there is a travel day where games are not played as the series shifts from city to city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, since the Series is being held in the home city for both teams, would there be a travel day between switches in home stadiums, or would the series play out in 7 days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-10-28T15:02:11.887" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T15:02:11.887" Title="What would the World Series schedule be in this case?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24210" CreationDate="2019-10-27T19:05:09.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes he can, but only until the ball next goes out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/files/document-category/062019/frRhKJNjSBAtiyt.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Laws of the Game 2019/20&lt;/a&gt;  Law 04 Page 58&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A player whose footwear or shinguard is lost accidentally must replace it as&#xA;  soon as possible and no later than when the ball next goes out of play;&#xA;  if before doing so the player plays the ball and/or scores a goal, the goal is&#xA;  awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastActivityDate="2019-10-27T19:05:09.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24208" CreationDate="2019-10-27T20:42:17.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not just during the drive to the basket, but any foul committed in the act of shooting can result in the offensive player getting one free throw (If the shot is made), or two (If the shot is not made).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any foul made after the whistle is called, is not considered. Unless it's a dead ball foul, in which case technical fouls are given to the players.&#xA;You can read more about Dead Ball fouls &lt;a href=&quot;https://videorulebook.nba.com/archive/technical-foul-dead-ball-contact-345/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19198" LastActivityDate="2019-10-27T20:42:17.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21114" CreationDate="2019-10-28T01:08:25.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIBA rule on uniforms is covered in Article 4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.3.3&lt;/strong&gt; Teams must have a minimum of 2 sets of shirts and:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first team named in the schedule (home team) shall wear light-coloured&#xA;shirts (preferably white).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The second team named in the schedule (visiting team) shall wear dark-coloured&#xA;shirts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However, if the 2 teams agree, they may interchange the colours of the shirts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T01:08:25.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20981" CreationDate="2019-10-28T01:34:13.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is this action by the offensive player legal under FIBA rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;YES,  FIBA &lt;strong&gt;Article 25&lt;/strong&gt; addresses this point and describes 2 different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule covers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;catching the ball with 2 feet on the floor    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;versus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;catching the ball while progressing or completing of a dribble.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the second point (while progressing), there is a qualifying comment that is key to understanding how the rule is to be applied.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;See FIBA Article 25.2.1 Bullet point 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The first step occurs when one foot or both feet touch the floor &lt;strong&gt;after&#xA;  gaining control&lt;/strong&gt; of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The emphasis on &quot;after gaining control&quot; is mine.  Gaining control is basically treated as the &quot;Zero step&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T01:34:13.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24211" CreationDate="2019-10-28T11:34:19.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This already happened. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_World_Series&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;You can see from the link that they had the usual travel day between games 2 and 3. Note that MLB schedules these things way in advance so the TV networks can plan around them, so they won't change just because two teams are in the same city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T11:34:19.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24223" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-29T21:10:27.443" Score="6" ViewCount="1168" Body="&lt;p&gt;The New England Patriots hosted the Cleveland Browns on week 8 of the 2019 season. The Browns had 3 turnovers on 3 consecutive offensive plays. Nick Chubb fumbled on back to back Browns' plays, and Baker Mayfield threw an interception on the very next offensive play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing the browns turnover the ball in 3 consecutive snaps made me wonder how close they were to the record. I'd like to know what's the longest streak of consecutive offensive snaps that resulted in a turnover for a single team in one game. Please include the date, the team played against, and the nature of the turnovers (fumbles vs interception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T20:45:40.403" Title="Most consecutive turn overs for an NFL team in a single game" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-30T11:16:20.153" Score="2" ViewCount="1411" Body="&lt;p&gt;On October 30, 2019, the seventh and final game of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 World Series&lt;/a&gt; will be played. It's currently 3-3 and the interesting thing is that so far, the &lt;em&gt;away&lt;/em&gt; team has always won; the Nationals won the first two games in Houston, the Astros won the next three in Washington and the last game, in Houston, was again won by the Nationals. Playing home is usually considered an advantage; I found an &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1803416-is-home-field-advantage-as-important-in-baseball-as-other-major-sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; claiming that it's not (such) an advantage in baseball as in other sports, but that focuses on &lt;em&gt;series&lt;/em&gt; instead of single games, and in series the better team is most likely to win anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Houston Astros may still win the final game on their home turf, but if they don't: would this remarkable feat be a first? Or has there ever been a best-of-seven series where all games were won by the away team? &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/4567/10583&quot;&gt;This answer&lt;/a&gt; seems to suggest it never happened in the NBA, but maybe in the MLB or NHL, or another major competition with best-of-seven playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-21T04:09:52.973" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T04:09:52.973" Title="Has there been a best-of-seven series where all games were won by the away team?" Tags="|trivia|postseason|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24225" CreationDate="2019-10-30T17:11:19.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This, from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/world-series-road-teams-notching-early-wins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB.com&lt;/a&gt; on October 30, 2019:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Nationals’ season-saving 7-2 victory over the Astros in Game 6 on Tuesday night made road teams a perfect 6-0 in this year’s Fall Classic. It’s the first World Series in which the road team has won each of the first six games, and it’s also the first time in 1,420 best-of-seven postseason series across MLB, NBA and NHL in which the road team has won each of the first six contests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: on the evening of October 30, 2019, the Washington Nationals won the MLB World Series, making it the only best-of-seven series in the four major sports to have the first 6 or all 7 games won by the road team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="19242" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T17:02:24.693" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T17:02:24.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-30T18:33:57.140" Score="2" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the statistics on the proportion of straight red cards that are shown in European leagues? That is, red cards that are shown immediately, rather than after two yellow cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19213" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T12:16:56.300" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T11:11:50.053" Title="Proportion of straight red cards in European football" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16805" CreationDate="2019-10-30T21:45:41.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think to choose your first set you must read a lot of articles about it and to find out what exactly you expect from your clubs. Advices of golfers may be on the first place. I used Mizuno, Cobra and Ping clubs, but I think its kind of a habit, you get used to a club you have. Here you can read about best clubs &lt;a href=&quot;http://golfclubguru.net/best-golf-clubs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://golfclubguru.net/best-golf-clubs/&lt;/a&gt;  and decide what to choose. As a beginner you can buy second hand equipment, and later new one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19214" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T21:45:41.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24233" CreationDate="2019-10-31T01:54:40.140" Score="5" ViewCount="7617" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the lowest possible winning score in snooker assuming that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The loser does not concede the frame&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No fouls are made&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No more than one ball is pocketed on any given shot&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T10:04:12.847" LastActivityDate="2022-07-28T08:33:45.267" Title="What is the lowest possible winning score in snooker?" Tags="|trivia|scoring|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24232" CreationDate="2019-10-31T03:58:33.813" Score="8" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Given these requirements, the minimum winning score is 22 points.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, under these conditions, the lowest total score is &lt;strong&gt;42 points&lt;/strong&gt; (all reds sunk with no colour, plus all colours in sequence to end the frame).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, if a player scored exactly half of these points, the opponent scores the other half, and would tie the frame by definition. If they score less than half these points, the opponent must score more, and would win by definition. Therefore, the minimum winning score is &lt;em&gt;one point more&lt;/em&gt; than &lt;em&gt;half of 42&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &lt;strong&gt;22 points&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, is it possible to score this number of points? Yes, clearly, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player 1 sinks a red ball, and then misses the colour, while Player 2 misses only, until all reds are sunk (scores 15-0). Thereafter, Player 1 sinks the yellow and green in sequence and misses the brown (scores 20-0). Player 2 sinks the remaining balls in sequence and ends the frame (final scores 20-22)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player 1 sinks a red ball and misses the colour, while Player 2 misses only, until all red balls are sunk (scores 15-0). Player 2 sinks the yellow, green, brown, pink and blue in sequence, and misses the black (scores 15-20). Player 1 sinks the black and ends the frame (final scores 22-20).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other combinations that lead to a total of 22 for the winner, or equivalently a total of 20 for the loser, may be found by trial-and-error or via a constructive process (either depth-first or breadth-first tree searching would be recommended).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-10-31T03:58:33.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24236" CreationDate="2019-10-31T13:36:52.053" Score="8" ViewCount="3212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scuderia Ferrari are the only team to have competed in every season of the Formula One World Championship since its inception in 1950. However, during the 2019 Chinese Grand Prix, the 1000th F1 race, a TV graphic appeared indicating that Ferrari had only taken part in around 970-something. I was surprised to learn that they'd missed that many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the 2019 Mexican GP (the 1015th F1 race), Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari#Formula_One_results&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;records&lt;/a&gt; the Scuderia as having entered 990 races, and started 987. That leaves 25 races that they didn't enter, and another three that they entered but never started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What were these 28 races, and why did Scuderia Ferrari not compete in them?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2019-10-31T15:14:49.167" LastActivityDate="2023-09-06T22:25:19.737" Title="Which Formula One races did Scuderia Ferrari not take part in?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24235" CreationDate="2019-10-31T13:36:52.053" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;After having this question in my head for months, I decided to consult Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_Grand_Prix_results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;comprehensive table of Ferrari's results&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 25 races in which Ferrari did not compete at all were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ten of the 11 Indy 500 races that counted towards the F1 championship between 1950-1960.&lt;/strong&gt; It was common for European F1 teams not to enter the Indy 500 during its time on the F1 calendar, due to the significant distance involved. Ferrari did enter Alberto Ascari in 1952, but he span off after 40 laps.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1950 British GP&lt;/strong&gt;, the first-ever F1 championship race. Ferrari initially planned to take part, but according to Sky F1's David Croft at the 70th Anniversary GP, there was &amp;quot;an argument over money&amp;quot; and they ultimately did not attend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1959 British GP:&lt;/strong&gt; a strike in Italy prevented Ferrari from attending.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1960 and 1961 US GPs.&lt;/strong&gt; In both years, this was the final race of the season. The team did not enter in 1960 as they could not win the title, and Enzo Ferrari wanted more time to prepare for 1961, when the engine formula would change to 1.5 litres. They did not enter in 1961 as they had already won both titles at the previous race in Monza, but that race had also seen the horrific death of Ferrari driver Wolfgang von Trips along with 15 spectators.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1962 French GP:&lt;/strong&gt; a metalworkers' strike in Italy prevented Ferrari from attending.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1962 US and South African GPs&lt;/strong&gt;. Ferrari had a poor season in 1962, finishing just 6th in the championship (out of 8) with no race wins, despite having dominated the previous season. They decided not to bother showing up for the final two races.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1966 British GP:&lt;/strong&gt; another metalworkers' strike in Italy prevented Ferrari from attending.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1966 Mexican GP&lt;/strong&gt;. This was the final race of the season, and both championships had already been won by Jack Brabham and his eponymous team. With Ferrari having also lost to Ford at Le Mans that year, they decided to upgrade their Maranello base to give them a better shot at both competitions in '67. The ongoing upgrades gave Ferrari a good reason to skip the last race, as they had in '60 and '62.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1967 South African GP&lt;/strong&gt;. This race took place at the unusually early date of January 2nd, just two months after the previous season's end and four months before the next race at Monaco. Ferrari were still busy with the Maranello upgrades and were forced to sit the race out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1968 Monaco GP&lt;/strong&gt;. When the '67 Monaco GP eventually did arrive (see above), Ferrari driver Lorenzo Bandini was killed in a fiery crash. Safety improvements were made to the track for '68, but Ferrari felt they were inadequate and refused to attend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1969 German GP:&lt;/strong&gt; Ferrari had intended to enter, but withdrew at the last minute for unknown reasons. It's worth noting that Enzo had scaled back the team's operations that year in order to focus on rebuilding and restructuring, making 1969 a bit of a write-off for the team in general.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1973 Dutch and German GPs:&lt;/strong&gt; Ferrari were using the ageing 312B that season, which was slow and unreliable; there were multiple other races that year in which they only entered one car. Several other teams withdrew from the German GP after the horrific death of Roger Williamson at the preceding Dutch GP.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1976 Austrian GP&lt;/strong&gt;. The FIA had initially disqualified James Hunt's McLaren from that year's Spanish GP, but later overturned the decision and allowed Hunt to keep his race win. Hunt's title rival that year was Ferrari's Niki Lauda, who had just suffered his infamous fiery crash at the preceding German GP. Ferrari thus refused to enter the Austrian GP - Lauda's home race - to protest Hunt's reinstatement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three races that they entered, but did not start, were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1950 French GP:&lt;/strong&gt; Ferrari withdrew their two drivers prior to qualifying, for reasons unknown. (Peter Whitehead, a privateer, competed and finished third in a Ferrari 125, but this does not count as a Scuderia Ferrari entry.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1982 Belgian GP:&lt;/strong&gt; Ferrari driver Gilles Villeneuve was killed during qualifying, and Ferrari immediately withdrew from the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1982 Swiss GP:&lt;/strong&gt; With Villeneuve's teammate, Didier Pironi, having suffered a career-ending accident two races earlier, Ferrari were down to one driver - Patrick Tambay, who'd replaced Villeneuve - and he was unable to start after suffering a pinched nerve in his back.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honourable mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1957 Pescara GP:&lt;/strong&gt; Enzo Ferrari believed that the 25.7 km street circuit was too dangerous, especially after 13 people had been killed at that year's Mille Miglia, and refused to enter. Driver Luigi Musso insisted on taking part, and Enzo eventually allowed him to, but refused to count it as an official Scuderia Ferrari race entry. Most modern sources &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; count it, but I figured it was worth noting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The 1980 Spanish GP and 1981 South African GP:&lt;/strong&gt; Ferrari boycotted these races as part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISA%E2%80%93FOCA_war&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an ongoing dispute&lt;/a&gt; between governing body FISA, which Ferrari and the other manufacturer teams were aligned with, and FOCA, a union of privateer teams. The former was post-facto declared a non-championship event, while the latter was run to Formula Libre regulations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-09-06T22:25:19.737" LastActivityDate="2023-09-06T22:25:19.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24229" CreationDate="2019-10-31T14:19:29.353" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://howtheyplay.com/team-sports/Top-10-Most-Red-Cards-Premier-League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This &lt;em&gt;HowTheyPlay&lt;/em&gt; article&lt;/a&gt; lists the number of straight red cards, and red cards after two yellows, for each Premier League season between 2009-10 and 2018-19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Season&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;2 Yellows&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Straight Reds&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Total&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2009/10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;57&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010/11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;38&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;56&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2011/12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;58&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012/13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2013/14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;39&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;53&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014/15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;35&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;71&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2015/16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;59&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016/17&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;41&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2017/18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;39&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2018/19&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;47&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Straight red cards consistently make up &lt;strong&gt;more than half&lt;/strong&gt; of all red cards. The exact proportion varies from season to season - straight reds made up 73.6% of all red cards in 2013/14, but just 50.7% the following season. On average, during those 10 seasons, straight reds make up &lt;strong&gt;60.71%&lt;/strong&gt; of all red cards, or just over 3/5ths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is only the English Premier League; I don't know whether the proportion is similar in other European leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-12-08T11:11:50.053" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T11:11:50.053" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24238" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-31T15:00:25.977" Score="7" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any instance of more than 11 players from one team, on field during a professional football match? If yes, then what action was taken against the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastEditorUserId="15095" LastEditDate="2019-10-31T15:25:08.907" LastActivityDate="2019-11-01T09:43:45.323" Title="More than 11 players" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24238" CreationDate="2019-11-01T02:02:43.777" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A well documented occasion happened during the Dutch national championship in 2015, Utrecht versus Ajax. Edouard Duplan, Utrecht's forward, had an injury and left the field for medical attention. Meanwhile, the coach replaced him with Tommy Oar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Duplan recovered and stepped into the field again without realising that Oar had already replaced him. It took two minutes until the referee realised the issue, apparently because people were laughing and booing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xbuy7.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xbuy7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the image above you can see 11 players (12 with the goalkeeper, which is not visible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link (disclaimer, I don't speak Dutch): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.voetbalprimeur.nl/nieuws/430022/duplan-over-lachwekkend-moment-dus-ik-dacht-dat-kan-maar-n-ding-zijn-.html?itm_source=www.voetbalprimeur.nl&amp;amp;itm_medium=Navigatie%20Pijltjes&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.voetbalprimeur.nl/nieuws/430022/duplan-over-lachwekkend-moment-dus-ik-dacht-dat-kan-maar-n-ding-zijn-.html?itm_source=www.voetbalprimeur.nl&amp;amp;itm_medium=Navigatie%20Pijltjes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24238/more-than-11-players/24240#comment33191_24240&quot;&gt;comment below&lt;/a&gt; OP asks if any action was taken. Despite not finding anything online I don't think that that was the case, because everybody saw that Duplan made a mistake in good faith. That, for instance, is very different from what happened in the Santos vs Corinthians match for the Brazilian championship in 2006, in which Santos' coach &lt;strong&gt;deliberately&lt;/strong&gt; put 12 players in the field for the kick-off, just to cause confusion (&lt;em&gt;&quot;confusion and delay&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, I should say, because it took 15 minutes for the match to start).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2019-11-01T09:43:45.323" LastActivityDate="2019-11-01T09:43:45.323" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2019-11-01T21:05:36.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Passing/Receving = throwing the ball forward in any way behind the line of scrimmage.   This means underhand side arm or whatever and can be as little as an inch forward.   An example is that some jet sweeps are taken where the receiver gets the ball from a QB in shotgun/pistol and just pops the ball forward a couple inches.   This is a pass.   It is also passing yards if a receiver catches a pass and hands it to another player.   So if the jet sweep WR gets the ball popped to them and runs 9 yards that is 9 receiving yards and then if they lateral it backwards to another runner for 10 yards that is an additional 10 receiving yards.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rushing = throwing the ball sideways (without an initial forward pass), backwards or directly handing the ball to someone.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-11-01T21:05:36.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-02T20:06:32.527" Score="3" ViewCount="2004" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you lose a point if you throw the ball up during a serve but miss while trying to hit it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19227" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T08:52:50.760" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T12:52:28.277" Title="Missing the ball after throwing it up to serve in table tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24244" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-03T08:30:46.680" Score="1" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2019 laws, a mark is referred to in Law 17:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To claim a mark, a player must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have at least one foot on or behind their own 22-metre line when catching the ball or when landing having caught it in the air; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Catch a ball that has reached the plane of the 22-metre line directly from an opponent’s kick before it touches the ground or another player; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simultaneously call “mark”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2017 laws, the wording included a reference to a &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;clean&lt;/strong&gt; catch&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make a mark, a player must be on or behind that player’s 22-metre line. … The player must make a clean catch direct from an opponent’s kick and at the&#xA;same time shout “Mark”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The laws don't appear to include a definition of mark, only some necessary conditions. (For example it doesn't say that a mark must be taken in the field of play.) But the omission of 'clean' seems to be strange. Is it an intentional omission?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19230" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-04T13:01:05.310" LastActivityDate="2020-08-04T13:01:05.310" Title="Must a catch be taken cleanly to win a mark?" Tags="|rules|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24245" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-03T09:23:15.407" Score="1" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a forced play, batter hits a ground ball to the first base. The fielder at first base catches the ball then tags the runner while still on the base and then tags the base. Is this a double-play, or is only the batter-runner out and the runner safe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19231" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-03T09:36:34.763" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T17:03:05.383" Title="Runner and batter-runner both tagged at first base, is it a double-play?" Tags="|rules|baseball|softball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24250" CreationDate="2019-11-03T10:02:54.097" Score="9" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually there are many reasons that make the cars slower in the first lap of a race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cars accelerate from 0 kph&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Traffic is at maximum&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tyres are not at ideal temperature (still soft tyres can perform at peak)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fuel tanks are full&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the first lap is shorter than other laps on most circuits, because the start line is usually ahead of the finish line. In addition, if it starts raining in the 1st or 2nd lap, the fastest lap can be easily set in the first lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm questioning whether this lap can be officially recorded as the fastest lap. Since the distance is different from other laps and also different for each car, I would expect the first lap to be excluded from fastest lap records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/file/78014/download/26183&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 Formula One Sporting Regulations&lt;/a&gt;, but couldn't find anything relevant. The following part in Article 6.4 is about the 1-point award for the fastest lap, again nothing relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition to the above, one point will be awarded to the driver who&#xA;  achieved the fastest lap of the race and to the constructor whose car&#xA;  he was driving, provided the lap time was achieved without incurring a&#xA;  penalty and he was in the top ten positions of the final race&#xA;  classification (see Article 45). No point will be awarded if the&#xA;  fastest lap is achieved by a driver who was classified outside the top&#xA;  ten positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-01-03T22:42:39.787" LastActivityDate="2020-01-03T22:42:39.787" Title="Can the official fastest lap of a race be set in the first lap in F1?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24245" CreationDate="2019-11-03T16:44:04.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your description is correct and that's the way the defense needs to do it to achieve the double play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the base were tagged first, it would remove the force and the runner would have the right to remain (meaning only one out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By 5.09(b)(6) A runner is out if....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) He or the next base is tagged before he touches the next&#xA;  base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the&#xA;  batter becoming a runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So tagging the runner puts him out.  Standing on the incorrect base affords no protection.  As long as the force is in play, he needs to reach the &lt;em&gt;next&lt;/em&gt; base to avoid out by tagging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once done, the same rule applies to the batter (now become a runner) and he is out when first (the &quot;next&quot; base) is tagged before he arrives.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T16:44:04.210" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24251" CreationDate="2019-11-03T20:22:49.237" Score="2" ViewCount="3063" Body="&lt;p&gt;So in the NFL if a player goes out of bounds on a play he must &quot;re-establish position&quot; inbounds before he can touch the ball. How or what does re-establishing position entail?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14831" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T15:42:19.767" Title="How does a player re-establish position infield?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24246" CreationDate="2019-11-04T02:30:25.543" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the first lap is valid for setting the fastest lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before anything else, it's worth mentioning that the starting line and the finishing line are not at the same position because the finishing line must be in front of the race control tower. Since the full grid takes quite some space (specially with these ridiculously long cars we currently have), it normally ends up with the pole position car sitting way ahead of the race control tower, hence the starting line ahead of the finishing line. But if the main straight is long enough both lines can be at the same position, as in Interlagos. In some rare occasions the finishing line can be ahead of the starting line, as in the old Silverstone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the question, the fact that one finds no mention of the first lap in the regulations cannot be viewed as it being invalid: quite the opposite, if the first lap is not mentioned it should be &lt;strong&gt;valid&lt;/strong&gt;. What I mean is if the first lap was not a valid lap for setting the fastest lap, &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt; it should be explicitly mentioned as invalid in the regulations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for avoiding an &lt;em&gt;opinion based&lt;/em&gt; answer, let's back up this assumption with an official record: all we need is a FIA official record of a driver setting his/her fastest lap on the first lap. It's not easy to find one, but for instance Martin Brundle set his fastest lap in the first lap of the South African GP in 1992 (columns are: Pos/No/Driver/Car/Lap/Time):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yQVn7.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yQVn7.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html&lt;/a&gt;, in the &lt;em&gt;&quot;fastest laps&quot;&lt;/em&gt; table&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This shows us that the first lap is a valid one for setting the fastest lap. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, when you ask &lt;em&gt;&quot;can the official fastest lap of a race be set in the first lap?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; the answer is yes, it &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt;. What's the real chance of this happening some day? Well, except for a downpour starting on the second lap, as you mentioned, the chance is pretty much zero. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T09:44:22.847" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T09:44:22.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24249" CreationDate="2019-11-04T09:36:12.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/#section-21-out-of-bounds,-inbounds,-and-inbounds-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL Rulebook Rule 3.21.2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 2. Player Inbounds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who has been out of bounds re-establishes himself as an inbounds player when both feet, or any part of his body other than his hands, touch the ground within the boundary lines, provided that no part of his body is touching a boundary line or anything other than a player, an official, or a pylon on or outside a boundary line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T15:42:19.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24243" CreationDate="2019-11-05T03:29:55.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, then you lose a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/08/2019ITTFHandbook_v2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF's Rules&lt;/a&gt; (The International Table Tennis Federation's Handbook 2019 v2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.5&lt;/em&gt; DEFINITIONS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.5.1&lt;/em&gt; A rally is the period during which the ball is in play.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2.5.2&lt;/em&gt; The ball is in play from the last moment at which it is stationary on the palm of&#xA;  the free hand before being intentionally projected in service until the rally is&#xA;  decided as a let or a point.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.5.3&lt;/em&gt; A let is a rally of which the result is not scored.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.5.4&lt;/em&gt; A point is a rally of which the result is scored.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.6&lt;/em&gt; THE SERVICE&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.6.4&lt;/em&gt; From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the server's end line, and it shall not be hidden from&#xA;  the receiver by the server or his or her doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;2.10&lt;/em&gt; A POINT&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;2.10.1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;2.10.1.1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;if an opponent fails to make a correct service&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T12:52:28.277" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T12:52:28.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24253" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-05T06:46:52.837" Score="2" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;Judges in MMA sometimes make questionable decisions over bouts. So I was wondering, what exactly makes a person qualify to be a judge on professional MMA fights? What criteria is set for someone to be a judge in an MMA/UFC bout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19238" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-05T07:10:42.430" LastActivityDate="2020-02-13T20:04:56.000" Title="How are judges chosen in MMA/UFC fights?" Tags="|rules|officiating|mma|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24255" CreationDate="2019-11-05T07:36:59.303" Score="-1" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why was the precalculated probability of winning high for Raptors in the year 2019? Because Kawhi Leonard came at the end. So just wondering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw a 4 digit number during the 2019 summer on Toronto Raptors website dated before the playoff season of 2019 started. It was something like +1200 sharing the winning spot along with Golden State Warriors. I would like to know how did mathematicians were keen enough to figure that probability out among so many teams in the playoffs? Was it how better their three-point shot was, how tenaciously fast they were, their average scoring trend, how aggressive their offense and defense was but then Kawhi Leonard the main player who was MVP for Raptors was not there in the picture at first. So how was it possible that the calculation was so precise and right to the moment?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19239" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-11-17T17:00:04.083" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T17:00:04.083" Title="Why was the precalculated probability of winning high for Raptors in year 2019?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24254" CreationDate="2019-11-05T15:27:20.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds like the CARMELO provided by 538. The number wasn't 1200, so it may have been something different: &lt;a href=&quot;https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2019-nba-predictions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2019-nba-predictions/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19242" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T15:27:20.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24256" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-05T19:04:00.220" Score="1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have come across several websites claiming that the Formula one car components prices are known and the total price for a car is in the $12-15 million. The websites I'm referring to are like &lt;a href=&quot;https://lifebeyondsportmedia.com/The-Average-Cost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsmplug.com/f1/average-cost-of-formula-1-car/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I know that these prices are not announced and are just estimates, I still felt that there is something wrong and they are just too much no matter how  I look at them. So I kept searching and I came across two more websites &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/42136-formula-one-money-money-money-part-3-component-costs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.f1-grandprix.com/?p=23009&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. Those two websites alternatively suggest that those prices are actually the whole season running cost for the car. In other words, the engine price is actually 10 times the actual unit price because it is expected to be changed 10 times during the season. The same goes for the other components as well which make the cost of building just one car much less that this $12-15 million figure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do you think? Is my conclusion correct and a single F1 engine does not really cost $7-8 million but actually something like $700-800k?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19243" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T21:38:59.640" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T21:38:59.640" Title="How much does a Formula 1 car really cost?" Tags="|finances|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24257" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-05T22:02:47.060" Score="0" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling to understand something about the advantage rule in football. What should happen when there is given advantage by the ref and after that there is a handball (talking about Ajax vs Chelsea). Should the ref give the first foul or the handball after the given advantage? What I have read so far, nothing is mentioned on that matter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19246" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T20:30:04.627" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T20:30:04.627" Title="Interrupted Advantage Play" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24257" CreationDate="2019-11-05T22:32:43.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When advantage is played, there is no &quot;going back&quot; to the first offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a subsequent offence occurs, either that second offence is penalised as appropriate or it is again met with advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T22:32:43.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24259" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24270" CreationDate="2019-11-06T00:57:01.337" Score="5" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most matches start at 20:00, but some start at 17:55.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither the time difference, nor the weather, nor even the television rights holders seem to be able to logically explain a shift for a certain match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason behind the Champions League groups phase schedule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/me1tz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/me1tz.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19247" LastEditorUserId="19247" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T16:28:22.017" LastActivityDate="2019-11-19T03:10:06.973" Title="Why aren't UEFA Champions Leage group matches synchronized?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|schedule|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24193" CreationDate="2019-11-06T05:35:19.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w3dD7UUJac&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a video of Serena Williams serving four lets on a single serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19248" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T05:35:19.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24259" CreationDate="2019-11-06T07:16:48.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentialy  for TV programming grid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In winter for east european countries like Russia, they play earlier so that the temperatures are not too low&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T07:16:48.427" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24257" CreationDate="2019-11-06T07:23:34.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee could going back but only after a shortest time after foul is committed. It's not an official rule. It's left to the discretion of the referee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T07:23:34.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24259" CreationDate="2019-11-06T10:50:19.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of Lokomotiv Moscow, this is due to time zones. Moscow is two hours ahead of Western Europe, so assuming those kick-off times are UTC, the match would actually have kicked off at 19:55 Moscow time. If it kicked off at 20:00 UTC, it would start at 22:00 Moscow time and finish at about midnight, and that's impractical for the spectators who are actually present at the stadium, never mind the TV viewers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;em&gt;suspect&lt;/em&gt; that the Bayern Munich match took place at the same time just so there wouldn't be one match that day that was out-of-sync with the rest, but I probably can't prove that, nor would I be able to prove why they chose &lt;em&gt;that particular&lt;/em&gt; match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why matches &lt;em&gt;within the same group&lt;/em&gt; aren't synchronised, that's because they don't need to be at this stage. This only needs to happen with the final round of group games, otherwise you risk a repeat of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Disgrace of Gijon&lt;/a&gt;, where the teams who play second know what they need to do to qualify and can game the system at the expense of whoever played first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T10:50:19.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24264" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-06T11:55:57.537" Score="2" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player deserves a second yellow should play stop immediately or can advantage be played and then the player sent off later? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19249" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T23:43:31.160" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T23:43:31.160" Title="Second yellow in football" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24264" CreationDate="2019-11-06T13:20:07.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, sometimes referee could let the advantage and the game continue. After the next stoppage (and for a consequent fault only), the referee gives second yellow card without whistling the fault that caused the yellow.&#xA;Example in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCl6MCoOi1Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; at 2 min 18&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T13:20:07.393" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24264" CreationDate="2019-11-06T18:41:57.027" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Advantage should not be played for an offence which will result in a red card, regardless of what the reason for that red card is, unless there is an immediate goalscoring opportunity for the opponent of the offending player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Law 12, part 3 of the IFAB Law Of The Game. Emphasis is added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantage should not be applied in situations involving&lt;/strong&gt; serious foul play, violent conduct or &lt;strong&gt;a second cautionable offence&lt;/strong&gt; unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play, but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick, unless the player committed a more serious offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T18:41:57.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24244" CreationDate="2019-11-07T07:13:59.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. A mark does not have to be taken cleanly under the 2019 rules. The player claiming the mark does not need to be stationary either. They just need to catch the ball and call out &quot;mark&quot; (within their defensive 22)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T07:13:59.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-07T16:15:05.947" Score="1" ViewCount="5033" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching James Harden and his &quot;creative&quot; ways to take extra steps without being called for a travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One concept that he uses is a &quot;0 step.&quot; I'm having a hard time figuring out what a 0 step is, not so much with the general concept in which it is a step before a player gathers his dribble, but with how it is enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a 0 (zero) step with respect to how is it enforced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19242" LastActivityDate="2020-04-06T06:02:25.467" Title="What is a 0 (zero) step?" Tags="|officiating|basketball|terminology|technique|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24259" CreationDate="2019-11-07T19:07:51.460" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The relevant rules are  in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/60/37/12/2603712_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019/2020 UEFA Champions League Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 23&lt;/strong&gt; Confirmation of fixtures and automatic reversals&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;23.01&lt;/strong&gt; The venues, dates (in accordance with the calendar in Annex C) and kick-off times&#xA;for all qualifying matches except those in the preliminary round are fixed by the&#xA;home clubs and must be confirmed to the UEFA administration in writing by their&#xA;respective associations by the deadline set by the UEFA administration. The UEFA&#xA;administration may alter or confirm dates and kick-off times in accordance with&#xA;the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;23.02&lt;/strong&gt; The UEFA administration decides on match dates and fixture reversals on a caseby-case basis and in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions&#xA;Committee. The UEFA administration reserves the right to impose a match date in&#xA;the event of clashes between matches in this competition and other UEFA club&#xA;competition matches.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;23.03&lt;/strong&gt; If more than one club from the same city, or within a radius of 50km (31 miles) of each other, is taking part in any of the UEFA club competitions and/or plays in the same stadium, and if the association and the clubs concerned explicitly declare when entering the clubs that their matches cannot be played on the same day or on consecutive days, the UEFA administration may alter or confirm dates and kickoff times in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 24&lt;/strong&gt; Venues and kick-off times&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;24.01&lt;/strong&gt; The calendar and kick-off times from the play-offs onwards are established by the&#xA;UEFA administration.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;24.02&lt;/strong&gt; The play-offs, group matches (subject to Paragraph 24.03), round of 16 matches,&#xA;quarter-finals, semi-finals and final kick off at 21.00CET. Exceptions to this rule can&#xA;be set by the UEFA administration.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;24.03&lt;/strong&gt; Each matchday in the group stage, two of the Tuesday matches and two of the&#xA;Wednesday matches kick off at 18.55CET. Exceptions to this rule can be made by&#xA;the UEFA administration.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;24.04&lt;/strong&gt; The fixtures within a group on the last matchday are played simultaneously&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Main takeaways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Only the games on the last matchday are synchronized, to prevent unsportsmanlike behavior and/or controversy in case if one of the teams (or both teams) in the last game know what kind of result they need to achieve (examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup#Group_B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Argentina - Peru (WC1978)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgrace_of_Gij%C3%B3n&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Germany - Austria (WC1982)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004_Group_C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denmark - Sweden (Euro2004)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can assume that UEFA doesn't expect teams to play strategically having two games ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At most two group stage matches on a given day can start earlier (at 18:55 CET). UEFA decides which games to put in this time slot. The administration takes requests from home clubs into account and tries to put geographically close teams at different times. We can suppose that timezones are also taken into consideration as it seems clubs from Eastern Europe get earlier times more often than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in this particular case (Matchday 4, Wednesday) the two easternmost matches started earlier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eNIua.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eNIua.png&quot; alt=&quot;Matchday 4, Day 2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't always the case, though. Consider Matchday 2, Tuesday:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2GguT.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2GguT.png&quot; alt=&quot;Matchday 2, Day 1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier times were given to Real Madrid and Atalanta (Bergamo) much to the chagrin of Lokomotiv fans. It's unclear how exactly UEFA arrived at a decision like this. One Russian web site &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sport-express.ru/football/champions-league/reviews/liga-chempionov-gruppovoy-turnir-vremya-matchey-uefa-izdevaetsya-nad-rossiyskimi-bolelschikami-1593219/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;published a response&lt;/a&gt; from the unnamed representative of UEFA press services listing a number of factors taken into account :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sports justice, fan experience, commercial preferences, and practical limitations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; only the games on the last matchday have to be synchronized. On a given day UEFA puts at most two matches to an earlier time slot using some obscure behind-the-scene process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T19:13:47.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1184" CreationDate="2019-11-08T00:30:44.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think hitters who train to recognize spin-speed and shade have a huge advantage in recognizing pitch types, especially early right after release point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard some pretty credible hitting instructors touch on the idea of posting up in the zone to recognize breaking balls left up in the zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a viewer watching various pitch types, I doubt you'd be able to see spin-speed but seeing how the ball pops out of the hand is definitely something you can see from a views POV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This article touches on it a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://appliedvisionbaseball.com/reading-spin-movement-for-better-pitch-recognition/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://appliedvisionbaseball.com/reading-spin-movement-for-better-pitch-recognition/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, if you're looking for clues as a viewer, where the catcher sets up can tell what the pitch type was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Off-speed breaking ball pitches will usually have the catcher set up on the outer half of the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19260" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T03:01:33.167" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T03:01:33.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24269" CreationDate="2019-11-08T05:35:15.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only respond with the FIBA not NBA view. FIBA travel rule was aligned to match NBA in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The zero step refers to the step taken when gaining control of the ball.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When dribbling, the zero step gathering happens as the ball is gathered in 2 hands or let it rest in 1 hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly when moving and catching a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link to a related Question with NBA reference&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/20981/11802&quot;&gt;NBA traveling - conflicting rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T05:35:15.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22925" CreationDate="2019-11-08T19:59:34.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can currently find the IFSC rules on the official website, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/index.php/world-competition/rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the current version as well as the 2018 version&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first point in the introduction of chapter &quot;world championship&quot; states in the 2018 version (paragraph 12.1.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a World Championship competition shall be organised every second, even-numbered, year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...while the same paragraph states in the 2019 version (paragraph 13.1.A):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the IFSC shall arrange for the organisation of the World Championship(s) every second, odd-numbered year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's why you saw world championships on two consecutive years (and why there shouldn't be any in 2020).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That answers your first question: this information is still correct.&#xA;I could not find information to the &quot;why&quot; part but my guess is that this is to &quot;make room&quot; for the 2020 Olympic games. Climbing will be represented there for the very first time. So the IFSC did not need to make this change earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19263" LastEditorUserId="19263" LastEditDate="2019-11-09T06:48:20.200" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T06:48:20.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24274" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-08T20:54:18.083" Score="3" ViewCount="734" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just got a new ping pong paddle, and I want to be able to clean the rubbers without damaging them or affecting their tackiness.  On Amazon I see lots of expensive little spray bottles for cleaning paddles.  What substances are in those bottles?  Perhaps I can clean the paddle using stuff I have at home.  Would rubbing alcohol, or soapy water, or something else be safe to use to clean the rubbers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-13T06:22:57.800" LastActivityDate="2024-01-22T17:06:25.850" Title="What cleaning agent is safe to use for ping pong paddles?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|racket|maintenance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24277" CreationDate="2019-11-09T12:59:14.957" Score="3" ViewCount="27345" Body="&lt;p&gt;When getting close to the goal line in american football a penalty is enforced by half the distance to goal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;From what yards does that start or does that depend on the penalty (5/10/15 yards)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-15T08:11:12.067" LastActivityDate="2022-11-16T05:02:46.483" Title="When is a penalty enforced by half the distance to goal in american football" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24275" CreationDate="2019-11-09T18:07:59.347" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This penalty situation will vary depending on the penalty, and where the penalty is enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long and short of it: if the Penalty distance is more than half the distance from the spot the foul is enforced to the offender's goal line, it is &amp;quot;Half distance to the Goal&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for example, if there was an &lt;strong&gt;Offensive Holding&lt;/strong&gt; call, and the offence is on their own &lt;strong&gt;19 yard line&lt;/strong&gt;. Normally this is a &lt;strong&gt;10 yard&lt;/strong&gt; penalty, but because they are inside the &lt;strong&gt;20 yard line&lt;/strong&gt; (10 yards &amp;gt; (19 yards / 2)) this would be given as a &amp;quot;half-distance&amp;quot; penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/#article-1.-half-distance-penalty&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL Rulebook Rule 14.2.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. HALF-DISTANCE PENALTY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the enforcement of a distance penalty would move the ball more than half the distance from the spot of enforcement to the offender’s goal line, the penalty shall be half the distance from the spot of enforcement to its goal line. This general rule supersedes any other general or specific enforcement of a distance penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would also be called if there is &lt;strong&gt;Defensive Pass Interference&lt;/strong&gt; inside the end-zone, and the line of scrimmage is inside the &lt;strong&gt;2 yard line&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For pass interference by the defense: [...] If the interference is behind the defensive goal line, it is first down for the offensive team on the defense’s one-yard line, or, &lt;strong&gt;if the previous spot was inside the two-yard line, halfway between the previous spot and the goal line.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-12T14:37:14.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24281" CreationDate="2019-11-09T23:27:01.763" Score="1" ViewCount="10318" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often heard when a batsman is adjudged LBW, if he did not play any shot, the commentators mention that everytime specirically. For example, the batsman is out! He did not offer a shot to this ball!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean? Is there a law that states anything regarding batsman not offering shot when the ball hits pad? Or is it easier for umpire to give the batsman LBW if he did not offer a shot ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12920" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T11:42:14.797" Title="What does it mean when commentators say batsman did not offer a shot to LBW?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24278" CreationDate="2019-11-10T11:42:14.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the normal laws for an LBW dismissal, the ball must impact the batsman inline with the stumps to be considered to be out LBW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the batsman makes no genuine attempt to play a shot at the ball, the ball does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; have to impact inline with the stumps, though it must still impact on the off-side of the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/leg-before-wicket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC Laws of Cricket: Law 36 - LBW&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;36.1.4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the point of impact, even if above the level of the bails,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;either is between wicket and wicket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;strong&gt;if the striker has made no genuine attempt to play the ball with the bat, is between wicket and wicket or outside the line of the off stump.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Dk1-8NtAavA?t=73&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Handy MCC Animation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T11:42:14.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-10T13:04:51.190" Score="1" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a team either reviews to get a wicket or to over turn a wicket, there is umpires call for impact in line with the stumps and impact of the stumps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is close to pitching in line with the stumps in DRS, why is it the case that there is no umpires call and is either pitching in line or outside leg stump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19271" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T18:33:18.330" Title="Why is there no umpires call with DRS ball pitching?" Tags="|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24282" CreationDate="2019-11-10T18:33:18.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitching position is determined by the actual ball on a flat surface. To the extent that an error exists, it consists of a pixel on a screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the ball hitting the pads, it is not possible to reliably say from current camera angles the height at which the ball hit the pads, and therefore the error is large enough to be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the ball hitting the stumps, this is only available from computer modelling, and a fixed margin of error of half the ball's width is applied to the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T18:33:18.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17290" CreationDate="2019-11-12T18:28:07.060" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the pattern that can be observed is (ignoring 2013):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Round 1&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;1 vs 4  (match 1)&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2 vs 3  (match 2)&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Round 2&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;winner match 1 vs winner match 2&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;looser match 1 vs looser match 2&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now  this makes sense because doing the other way around &lt;strong&gt;can end up&lt;/strong&gt; in 2 players having 2 wins and the other having 2 looses which would mean we know who goes further after Day 2. This way 1 player gets excluded &lt;strong&gt;for sure&lt;/strong&gt; though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Round 3&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's obvious :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding 2010 ATP World Tour Finals &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/3582/sam-t&quot;&gt;Sam T&lt;/a&gt; is complaining about, here are the two groups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Group A&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nadal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Djokovic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Berdych&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roddick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Group B&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Federer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Söderling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Murray&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ferrer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Round 1&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;1 vs 4 (Nadal vs Roddick and Federer vs Ferrer)&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2 vs 3 (Djokovic vs Berdych and Söderling vs Murray)&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it just follows the pattern I described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Especially for &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/3582/sam-t&quot;&gt;Sam T&lt;/a&gt;, here are the Round 1 matches:&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Group A Round 1:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4xLp3.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4xLp3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Nadal (number 1 in the group) plays Roddick(number 4 in the group)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Group B Round 1:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DX5YF.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DX5YF.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Federer (number 1 in the group) plays Ferrer(number 4 in the group)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="13092" LastEditDate="2019-11-14T22:58:19.600" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T22:58:19.600" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24295" CreationDate="2019-11-14T18:58:27.343" Score="5" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's common for football players that are being substituted to &amp;quot;gain some time&amp;quot; by walking slowly out of the field, when it is in their team's benefit. Referees tend to tell them to hurry up, but many times at no avail. Sometimes though a yellow card is awarded for time wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an official rule stating the time a player can take when leaving the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12794" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-11-30T22:32:54.240" LastActivityDate="2021-11-30T22:32:54.240" Title="Is there any rule regarding how quickly a substituted player must leave the field?" Tags="|rules|football|substitution|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24292" CreationDate="2019-11-14T19:37:56.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. There is no specific time requirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only requirements of the player leaving the field are that they do so by the nearest point on the boundary line (unless the referee directs otherwise) and go immediately to the technical area or the dressing room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player (or substitute, or substituted player) may be cautioned for delaying the restart of play. However this sanction is generally applied only when it is clear the player leaving has chosen to unreasonably slow down their exit from the field, and this is decided in the referee's discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T19:37:56.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24292" CreationDate="2019-11-14T23:19:06.227" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - There is no time limit specified in &lt;em&gt;the laws of the game&lt;/em&gt; in regards to how quickly a player must leave the field when being substituted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 3 The Players&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Substitution procedure&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  the player being substituted:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  must leave by the nearest point on the boundary line&#xA;  unless the referee indicates that the player may leave directly and&#xA;  immediately at the halfway line or another point &lt;em&gt;(Page 50)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Also note that the time a substitution takes should be added as Extra Time&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 7 The Duration of the Match&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Allowance for time lost&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Allowance is made by the referee in each half for all time lost in that half through:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • substitutions &lt;em&gt;(Page 83)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Also note that the referee has the power to caution a player that delays the game when being substituted&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 12 Fouls and Misconduct&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Disciplinary action&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Cautionable offences&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A player is cautioned if guilty of:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • delaying the restart of play &lt;em&gt;(Page 108)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Delaying the restart of play&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Referees must caution players who delay the restart of play by:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • delaying leaving the field of play when being substituted &lt;em&gt;(Page 110)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/files/document-category/062019/frRhKJNjSBAtiyt.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB (FIFA) - Laws of the Game 2019/20&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T23:19:06.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24297" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24298" CreationDate="2019-11-15T17:59:23.913" Score="1" ViewCount="379" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the opponent is shooting a ball, is it legal to push the Basketball through under the ring before it completely enters the Ring, to prevent a Shoot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19293" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-11-18T15:07:47.040" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T15:07:47.040" Title="Basketball Under Push" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24297" CreationDate="2019-11-15T18:44:36.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;No, it is not legal&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you seem to be describing is a violation known as &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-11-basket-interference-goaltending/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Goaltending&lt;/a&gt;.  Touching the ball when it is in or over the ring is a violation and the opposing team is awarded the points associated with the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant ruling states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section I—A Player Shall Not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. Touch the rim, net or ball while the ball is in the net, preventing it from clearing the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PENALTY: If the violation is at the opponent’s basket, the offended team is awarded two points, if the attempt is from the two point zone and three points if it is from the three-point zone. The crediting of the score and subsequent procedure is the same as if the awarded score has resulted from the ball having gone through the basket, except that the official shall hand the ball to a player of the team entitled to the throw-in. If the violation is at a team’s own basket, no points can be scored and the ball is awarded to the offended team at the free throw line extended on either sideline. If there is a violation by both teams, no points can be scored, play shall be resumed by a jump ball between any two opponents in the game at the center circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T18:44:36.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24198" CreationDate="2019-11-15T19:49:40.027" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being more Advanced stats rather than rules shift lengths vary and can be subject to interpretation.  Typically a shift would be time on ice during the normal course of play through the game which are often less than a minute in the NHL.  Your situations are interesting though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 1-3: Typically the coaches get to decide who stays on ice after a stoppage in play.  If the players remain on ice after a stoppage then that is considered part of their shift, not a new shift.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 4 &amp;amp; 5: This is where I am unsure due to the fact that the player is not on ice but rather in the box and whether they stay afterwards or not is the time in the penalty box considered a shift? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 6: Starting a new period would be considered a new shift. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe other advanced stats may be more useful such as time on ice but the NHL rulebook doesn't provide any context for game statistics.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13146" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T19:49:40.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-16T17:43:16.307" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the quarterback (or someone else) on fourth down gets in trouble and hasn't passed the line of scrimmage, can he change the intended play and instead punt the ball away?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastActivityDate="2019-11-16T17:43:16.307" Title="Is it allowed for the quarterback (or someone else) to punt the ball if he can't find another play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20974" CreationDate="2019-11-17T19:50:59.917" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it won't be offside.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A attacking team can go on if the ball is taking from the defenders even though they are in offside. So the deflected ball by touching the defenders of the opponents can be taken and carry on by the attackers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19301" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-11-18T15:04:57.980" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T15:04:57.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25169" CreationDate="2019-11-17T21:30:28.717" Score="5" ViewCount="997" Body="&lt;p&gt;An NFL team's red zone efficiency/percentage is calculated by taking the number of touchdowns scored in the red zone and dividing it by the number of trips to the red zone.  (A team is in the red zone if they are at their opponent's 19 yard line or closer. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nfl/eagles/news/eagles-rise-up-deck-packers-at-lambeau-field-to-even-record-at-2-2-lcQpNtTBuE6Jzf4koGCqJg/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[Source 1]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cleveland.com/browns/2013/12/what_went_wrong_for_the_clevel_8.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[Source 2]&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say a team gets a 1st-and-10 at their opponent's 21 yard line.  On their next play, they gain 2 yards to advance to their opponent's 19 yard line, so that they are technically in the red zone.  Let's say on 2nd and 3rd down, they fail to gain a first down, and they settle for a field goal on 4th down.  Does this count as a failure in the red zone?  Or would it count as a failure in the red zone only if the team had a first down at their opponent's 19 yard line or closer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2019-11-19T00:37:11.687" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T21:51:17.790" Title="When calculating red zone efficiency, does a team need to have a first down in the red zone?" Tags="|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24309" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-18T01:46:56.653" Score="5" ViewCount="1016" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the requirement to have a topknot mean that a rikishi who grows sufficiently bald must retire?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19302" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-11-18T06:10:29.637" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T08:20:08.327" Title="May a Sumo Rikishi be bald?" Tags="|sumo-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24311" CreationDate="2019-11-18T02:13:57.117" Score="4" ViewCount="2846" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, sometimes on long field goal attempts the defending team positions a player in the end zone in case the kick is short.  Suppose the ball were to hit an upright, carom off this player's helmet, then bounce back through the uprights.  Would this be a field goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19303" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T04:20:00.500" Title="Can a field goal go in off a player?" Tags="|rules|american-football|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24310" CreationDate="2019-11-18T04:20:00.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Yes, if it is a defensive player.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules require three things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SECTION 4 - FIELD GOAL&#xA;  ARTICLE 1. SUCCESSFUL FIELD GOAL&#xA;  A field goal is scored when all of the following conditions are met:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) The kick must be a placekick or dropkick made by the offense from on or behind the line of scrimmage or from the spot of a fair catch (fair-catch kick). If a fair catch is made or awarded outside the inbound line, the spot of the kick is the nearest inbound line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) After the ball is kicked, it must not touch the ground or any player of the offensive team before it passes through the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) The entire ball must pass through the vertical plane of the goal, which is the area above the crossbar and between the uprights or, if above the uprights, between their outside edges. If the ball passes through the goal, and returns through the goal without striking the ground or some object or person beyond the goal, the attempt is unsuccessful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be assumed that condition (a) is true for the purposes of this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Condition (b) is not otherwise false.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first half of condition (c) may be assumed to be true, and the second half to be false, for the purposes of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Condition (b) is the only problematic point, however as a defensive player is neither the ground nor an offensive player, they do not prevent the goal being stored just by touching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should be obvious by comparison, as field goals may be scored if they are deflected by a defensive player near the line of scrimmage or the spot of the kick. The rules are designed to allow the irregular but expected case of a defensive deflection; they evidently don't consider the improbable case posed in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T04:20:00.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24369" CreationDate="2019-11-19T20:39:57.727" Score="2" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;An L77 pool/snooker table bumper has an L shape:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hdVTv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hdVTv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;L77 pool table bumper&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is is placed on the pool table rail? with the long side parallel to the top of the rail, or at an angle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the beautiful picture below, rather A or B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LRsGV.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LRsGV.png&quot; alt=&quot;L77 bumper placement question&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can find plenty of section diagrams of rails with K66 bumpers, but none for L77.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19316" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T23:24:44.090" Title="How is an L77 pool/snooker table bumper mounted to the rail?" Tags="|pool|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24320" CreationDate="2019-11-20T09:11:18.393" Score="3" ViewCount="3619" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is about Futsal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The goalkeeper holds the ball in his hands after the opposing team's attack. The ball has not left the field so it is not a goal clearance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The goalkeeper releases the ball and then kicks it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball hits the post of opposing team's goal and goes in, touching neither the field nor any player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if we change the first statement (1.) to be a goal clearance instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it still count, or will it be an indirect free kick since the goalkeeper needs to throw the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19317" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-10-05T04:38:23.300" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T20:08:35.463" Title="In Futsal, can a goalkeeper score with a drop kick (i.e. released from hands)?" Tags="|rules|scoring|goalkeeper|futsal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-20T10:18:42.113" Score="3" ViewCount="666" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are Davis Cup matches counted as official matches for the players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19318" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-11-20T10:50:41.377" LastActivityDate="2021-04-14T04:59:41.597" Title="Are Davis Cup matches accepted as official matches, do they appear in the players' stats?" Tags="|tennis|davis-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24318" CreationDate="2019-11-20T21:32:06.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ball in Play&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes - The goalkeeper may score a goal with his feet from directly inside the goalkeeper’s penalty area when holding a ball in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 10 The Method of Scoring&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A goal is disallowed if the goalkeeper of the attacking team throws or hits the&#xA;  ball intentionally with his hand or arm from inside his own penalty area and&#xA;  is the last player to touch or play the ball. &lt;em&gt;(Page 37)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Goal Clearance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No - A goal may not be scored directly from a goal clearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 16 The Goal Clearance&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A goal may not be scored directly from a goal clearance. &lt;em&gt;(Page 57)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Infringements and sanctions&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the goalkeeper takes the goal clearance with his foot, the referees will issue&#xA;  a warning and order him to take it with his hand, but the four-second count&#xA;  continues from where it was stopped once the goalkeeper is ready to retake it. &lt;em&gt;(Page 152)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the ball is not thrown directly out of the penalty area from a goal clearance:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • the clearance is retaken, but the four-second count is not reset and&#xA;  continues once the goalkeeper is ready to retake it. &lt;em&gt;(Page 57)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the goal clearance is not taken within four seconds:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, to be taken from the&#xA;  penalty area line at the place nearest to where the infringement occurred. &lt;em&gt;(Page 58)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://areferee.com/images/2014_15FutsalLawsoftheGame.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA - FUTSAL Laws of the Game 2014/15&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T17:10:20.120" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T17:10:20.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24319" CreationDate="2019-11-20T21:44:19.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they are. The ATP World Tour shows the Davis Cup Finals in their official &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/tournaments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Calendar of tournaments&lt;/a&gt;, which links to the page &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/tournaments/davis-cup-finals/8099/overview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Davis Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also important to note this from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Rankings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Rankings&lt;/a&gt; in Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Starting in 2016, points were no longer awarded for Davis Cup ties,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/rankings-faq&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; nor for the tennis tournament at the Summer Olympics.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tennisworldusa.org/news/news/ATP_Tennis/27978/itf-confirms-no-atp-points-will-be-assigned-at-olympic-games-in-rio-2016/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2019-11-20T21:44:19.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24319" CreationDate="2019-11-21T00:01:09.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Davis Cup matches do count towards a player's official stats, head to head record.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But not all zone group matches do count.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e.g. &lt;strong&gt;Group IV Africa&lt;/strong&gt; does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, by &lt;code&gt;Davis Cup&lt;/code&gt; people mean &lt;code&gt;Davis Cup Finals&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;World Group&lt;/code&gt; up to 2019) but it is worth knowing it's a multi-layer competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="13092" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T00:07:43.147" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T00:07:43.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24323" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-21T12:56:48.210" Score="3" ViewCount="1042" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, player-managers, when they play, should focus solely on the game - and not individual players - to be effective, so they shouldn't be able to know exactly how well individual players are performing or even how well their plan is working in different parts of the pitch. On which basis, then, does a player-manager make substitutions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, in order to substitute someone on or off, they need to give a signal to the assistant referee (or, more likely, to the assistant coach) so that they know who is being substituted. However, depending on the player-manager's position, they could be far away from the both the assistant referee and the assistant coach, and it's unlikely that they would be able to afford to temporarily leave their position just to make a substitution. Therefore, question two: how can a player-manager give the right signal for substitution?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, finally, there is of course going to be bias in that the player-manager probably won't want to sub themselves off, and that they will be more likely to sub off players whose decisions they don't like (e.g. a player didn't pass to them). And so, final question: how do they deal with that bias.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13498" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T10:48:47.207" Title="How do player-managers substitute players in football?" Tags="|football|tactics|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22902" CreationDate="2019-11-21T15:51:13.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm adding to the accepted answer to respond to comments in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It seems very different from OT rules in all other American sports leagues&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every American sports league is designed to accommodate television viewership, so when OT rules are different from regulation rules, the trade-off is to end the game quickly without seeming overly unfair or unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In NHL, OT is sudden death. Since possession is fluid and earned when the puck drops, this isn't inherently unfair. However, to shorten OT, teams play 3-on-3. This opens up space on the ice to increase scoring, but some think it's too unlike 5-on-5, which  &lt;a href=&quot;https://sportsanalytics.berkeley.edu/articles/nhl-overtime.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;disadvantages some teams more than others&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In NBA, scoring is frequent and possession is earned on tip-off, so it's easy to add 5 minutes of regular play and determine a winner. This is the league with the least drama concerning OT rules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In MLB, scoring is infrequent, but possession is deterministic: each team will get 3 outs every inning. The current method of extra innings is fair, but it leads to some very long baseball games, which is why the league has considered &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-considers-runner-on-2nd-rule-for-extras-c215555130&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;starting extra innings with a runner on second&lt;/a&gt; to increase scoring and determine winners faster. The trade-off is to sacrifice some of the &quot;purity&quot; of the sport to make OT more watchable for fans and less tiring for players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In NFL, the old sudden death rules -- first score wins, period -- ended games quickly, which is good for a sport that often televises games back-to-back-to-back on Sundays. But it was blatantly unfair, with possession determined by a coin flip. The new rules are &lt;em&gt;fairer&lt;/em&gt;, but not ideal. Still, the league determined that fans and players are happier with this than if an entire quarter of normal football were played. Other leagues implement shoot-out-style OT, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sdcfoa.org/wp-content/uploads/25-Yard-Line-Overtime-Procedure.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;offenses take turns scoring from a set yard line&lt;/a&gt; -- this faces similar criticism to NHL's 3-on-3, where the game is sufficiently changed such that certain teams benefit more in OT than they do playing by the &quot;real rules&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why did they decide to have different rules during the season and in the playoffs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As exchange_knowledge noted, the primary difference is that a playoff requires a winner and loser. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another important difference is that in the playoffs, since the stakes are higher, the television audience is willing to watch a longer OT. So instead of prioritizing timeliness, leagues with unusual OT rules prioritize fairness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if the MLB ever implements a runner-on-second in OT, they will not do so in the playoffs. And in the NHL playoffs, teams play 5-on-5 sudden death periods instead of 3-on-3, and the shootout is also removed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12902" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T15:51:13.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24308" CreationDate="2019-11-21T18:37:54.060" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, the term &quot;Red Zone&quot; is not an official stat.  It has origin stories that originate from either a former head coach, or a broadcast director depending on who you ask &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.latimes.com/sports/nfl/la-sp-ask-farmer-20151128-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source of Red Zone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of a team &quot;in the red zone&quot; is that they ran a play within 20 yards of the goal line (a touchdown).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When teams are positioned anywhere within 20 yards of the opponent's goal line, they are said to be in the red zone, a place on the field offering high-percentage scoring potential. &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1SG10xaATwC&amp;amp;pg=PT54&amp;amp;dq=red+zone+football&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=m0XhTvFt5evSAebi8bEH&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=3&amp;amp;ved=0CEkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=red%20zone&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore in your example, any play snapped from a spot inside 20 yards (regardless of which down it is) would be considered a red zone play and count as a red zone visit for the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is some statistics that point to a lack of correlation between red zone efficiency and total offensive performance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On average, NFL teams ran 132 plays in the red zone and converted just over 20 percent of said plays into touchdowns, for a league average of about 26 red zone touchdowns per team. Overall, there was a .595 correlation between red zone touchdown percentage and offensive scoring, which should come as no surprise to most football fans. Scoring touchdowns as opposed to field goals in the red zone will lead to more points, but there are obvious outliers such as big plays and long touchdowns. A .595 correlation isn't outrageous by any means (if it had been 0.7 or higher we'd really be in business), but it's positive enough to draw the rather obvious conclusion that it'd behoove us to lean toward drafting players who could have increased opportunities in the red zone in more efficient offenses. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/fantasyfootball/story/0ap3000000668857/article/red-zone-fantasy-scoring-efficiency-analysis-nfc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quote Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7614" LastEditorUserId="7614" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T19:02:24.020" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T19:02:24.020" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24323" CreationDate="2019-11-22T10:48:47.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, a playing manager is not blind. Even on the pitch they'll see who performs and who doesn't. And they'll quite frequently communicate with their assistants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, there are several ways of managing subs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Halftime. 15 minutes are more than enough to talk to the team and the assistant. Upcoming subs can be discussed here already as well as under performing players or health issues, etc. so the assistant knows when to bring them in without having to wait for a signal. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hand signals. They're pretty effective in loud environments or far distances.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shouting. Like a manager can shout at the players from the coaching zone this also works the other way round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use breaks. When the ref needs to write something down (another sub or a card) or during an injury break or when the ball has gone over the roof there's also enough time to quickly discuss matters with the assistant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Let the assistant decide. If you trust your assistant you can have them manage the subs without requiring your permission. Especially easy subs don't require the manager's permission (e.g. because of an injury).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Thumbs up. The assistant suggests a sub and the manager just answers with a thumbs up or down. Easy and effective.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And about bias: Yes, it can happen that the manager stays on the pitch and subs someone else off instead of himself. But that can be caused by several reasons and isn't necessarily a biased decision. Players should always trust their managers to make the right decisions, whether they're on the pitch or in the coaching zone. If you don't trust your coach you're in the wrong team. Period. There's not much you can do to prove bias anyway. Also substituting someone off because of one wrong pass is stupid and no manager in their right mind would ever do that. Intentionally weakening the team by wasting a sub and eventually replacing a good player with a worse one should be a very rare exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T10:48:47.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24327" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-22T11:28:32.507" Score="1" ViewCount="809" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today during the India vs Bangladesh test match, Ishant Sharma was warned by the umpire for stepping on the danger area while bowling. What is this danger area and why are bowlers not supposed to step on it? Also are they punished for stepping on it even after the warning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15095" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T13:12:53.717" Title="Danger area in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24327" CreationDate="2019-11-22T13:12:53.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 'Danger Area', or 'The Protected Area', is defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC Laws of Cricket: Law 41 - Unfair Play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.11 The protected area&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The protected area is defined as that area of the pitch contained within a rectangle bounded at each end by imaginary lines parallel to the popping creases and 5 ft/1.52 m in front of each, and on the sides by imaginary lines, one each side of the imaginary line joining the centres of the two middle stumps, each parallel to it and 1 ft/30.48 cm from it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This Protected Area is deemed to be the normal area in which the ball will bounce when bowled by the bowler. Therefore stepping in this area during the bowler's follow-through could be seen as an intentional act to try and damage/scuff this area, which could lead to an unfair advantage to the bowling side, as balls pitched in this area could deviate considerably to where they would normally go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for punishments, the bowler is given two warnings by the umpires, and on their third offence in the innings, they are removed from the bowling attack immediately, and may not bowl again for the rest of the innings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.13 Bowler running on protected area&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.13.1&lt;/strong&gt; It is unfair for a bowler to enter the protected area in his/her follow-through without reasonable cause, whether or not the ball is delivered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.13.2&lt;/strong&gt; If a bowler contravenes this Law, at the first instance and when the ball is dead, the umpire shall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;caution the bowler and inform the other umpire of what has occurred.  This caution shall apply to that bowler throughout the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;inform the captain of the fielding side and the batsmen of what has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.13.3&lt;/strong&gt; If, in that innings, the same bowler again contravenes this Law, the umpire shall repeat the above procedure indicating that this is a final warning. This warning shall also apply throughout the innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.13.4&lt;/strong&gt; If, in that innings, the same bowler contravenes this Law a third time, when the ball is dead, the umpire shall,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;direct the captain of the fielding side to suspend the bowler immediately from bowling. If applicable, the over shall be completed by another bowler, who shall neither have bowled any part of the previous over, nor be allowed to bowl any part of the next over.  The bowler thus suspended shall not be allowed to bowl again in that innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;inform the other umpire of the reason for this action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;inform the batsmen and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side of what has occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires together shall report the occurrence as soon as possible after the match to the Executive of the offending side and to any Governing Body responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain, any other individuals concerned and, if appropriate, the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T13:12:53.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24329" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24442" CreationDate="2019-11-23T04:14:09.887" Score="4" ViewCount="2486" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's assume an offensive player takes a shot on the basket.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a defensive player catches the shot in the air without goal tending, is that considered a block, a steal, or both in the statistics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1516" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-11-28T14:27:33.593" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T04:43:27.820" Title="Basketball - Blocking and Catching Shots" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24330" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-24T01:13:15.943" Score="6" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;As time goes by, the knowledge of football increases. And we learn more and more ( at least on paper) about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thestatszone.com/archive/statistical-insight-into-penalty-shootouts-where-to-place-your-penalty-13886&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;how to shoot penalty better&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the insights actually help football players in taking penalty? Does penalty success rate increase over time, much like how aviation accident is brought down over time? Or is it just an arm race with no side is apparently winning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any studies on the penalty success rate as a function of time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4799" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-12-04T11:39:00.230" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T17:13:30.547" Title="Is penalty success rate increasing over the time?" Tags="|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24331" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-24T08:19:54.490" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the fundamentals of a one-handed backhand? What grip should I use? How should I position, and what should the technique be like during the stroke?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-11-24T22:50:43.857" LastActivityDate="2021-06-25T21:31:12.700" Title="One-handed backhand in tennis" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24334" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24335" CreationDate="2019-11-24T23:01:27.590" Score="2" ViewCount="3055" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, it is common for teams to leave about 4 seconds on the game clock before taking a timeout, or spiking the ball, when going for an end-of-half field goal attempt. Why do they do this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand running the clock down so the opposing team will have very little to no chance of a response, but why not run it down to 1 second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T21:09:43.617" Title="Why do teams leave ~4 seconds for a field goal attempt" Tags="|american-football|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24334" CreationDate="2019-11-25T01:00:17.107" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you pointed out, offenses usually run the clock down to 4 seconds before attempting a game tying or game winning field goal. You can see examples of the offense stopping the clock anywhere from 1 second to 5 seconds, but 4 seconds is the most common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is to run the clock down to the point that the other team won't get the ball back after the kick, regardless of the outcome. That's why it's rare to see a the time clocked stopped with anything more 5 seconds left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 2 advantages to stopping the clock with 4 seconds left, as opposed to 1 second:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is less chance of not getting the timeout. Whoever calls the timeout, needs to go to a referee to do so. If you wait till the very last second, you run the risk of being just one second too slow, or not managing the timeout call before the game clock expires (imaging slipping right before calling timeout with 1 second left).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The main reason is to have a chance to have 2 attempts at the kick if something goes wrong. Assuming the kick isn't being made on a 4th down, if there is a bad snap, the holder/kicker have the chance to down the ball, stop the time (can be done with a timeout if the offense still has one remaining) and try a field goal again. Stopping the clock with 4 seconds left, gives the offense the opportunity to try the field goal again with about 1 second left.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2019-11-25T01:00:17.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24329" CreationDate="2019-11-25T07:03:12.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I first read the question, I read it as the player grabbing the ball after it missed the rim.  But Coach-D pointed out that the better interpretation is that the ball is caught immediately after the shot.  I've changed my answer to reflect that scenario.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA rulebook does not have concrete definitions for some of these terms, so I'm going to refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/documents/2015/FIBA_Stats_Manual20120920.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Statisticians Manual&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Steal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A steal is awarded to a defensive player when his action causes a turnover by an opponent. A steal&#xA;  must always include touching the ball, but does not necessarily have to be controlled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Intercepting or deflecting a pass&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Taking the ball away from an opponent holding or dribbling the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Picking up a loose ball after a mistake of an offensive player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Steals happen interferes with normal handling or passing of the ball, not from a shot.  No steal is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Block: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A blocked shot is awarded to a player any time he appreciably makes contact with the ball to alter&#xA;  the flight of a FGA and the shot is missed. It recognises a clear rejection or deflection of a shot by a&#xA;  defensive player. The ball may or may not have left the hand of the shooter for the block to be&#xA;  counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defensive player's catch is indeed responsible to change the shot, so a block (and a rebound) are awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2019-11-30T21:02:03.160" LastActivityDate="2019-11-30T21:02:03.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-26T14:46:34.627" Score="0" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2002 season when Oakland was using the famous &quot;Moneyball&quot; strategy, they largely looked to on-base-percentage when measuring player value, but this only seems to address how to look for offensive help rather than pitching. How did they discover pitchers like Chad Bradford? Did they use OBP against? WHIP?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19334" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T17:06:35.673" Title="What strategy did the 2002 Oakland Athletics use to determine what pitchers to look for?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24337" CreationDate="2019-11-26T16:34:51.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/bradfch01-pitch.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chad Bradford's&lt;/a&gt; statistics on Baseball-Reference dot com, his last season with the White Sox before being picked up by Oakland indicated that he would be a top performer.  Having faced 52 batters that year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0 home runs surrendered&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;17% strikeout rate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an incredible 2.82 groundball-to-flyball ratio&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and a healthy 29% double-play on ground balls&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Factor these stats in considering they got him on the cheap.  Also he had a sidearm release point, something making it hard for batters to hit, especially relievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2019-11-26T16:34:51.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24329" CreationDate="2019-11-27T08:38:19.913" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it is a &amp;quot;shot&amp;quot; - a player attempting to score - then it is a block and a rebound. A shot cannot be a steal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is someone summarizing basketball scoring.   As mentioned there are no &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; guides made by NBA or like federation so these are basically guidelines passed down and often different organizations will vary (there is no variation on your situation but there is on assists, turnovers, and FGA).  But I could have easily been the person writing the guidelines below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is clear if it is a Field Goal Attempt (a shot) that if a person jumps to catch it, that is a block.   But in bold below - it also clearly shows it is a rebound.   Every time a team gains a possession of a ball there needs to be a stat that reflects that.   The options are a steal, a rebound, foul, turnover, or a made basket.   Even if the other team goes for a rebound and knocks it out of bounds the rewarded team is honored a &amp;quot;team rebound&amp;quot; that is not attributed to a player.   The team rebound confuses people because it does not add up in the player stat sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, basketball statistics were a luxury available only to professional and major college teams. For the average coach, statistics were a nightmare, requiring great amounts of time and effort in acquiring and training statisticians and then manually compiling the various stats and percentages. For most coaches stats were just not worth all the effort. But, computers have changed all of this. They have taken the huge burden and responsibility of statistics off the coaches’ back, while providing them a wealth of information that coaches only a decade ago dreamed about. And, the best news of all is that the same software that is currently being used on the university and professional teams is now available for any team on any levels. There are even tablet and hand held versions available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be of value, though, statistics must be accurate. Inaccurate or incomplete stats have about as much value as no stats at all. Today’s software programs insure accuracy in stat keeping. By using prompts, they actually lead statisticians into making correct data entry. No longer will there be score sheets with more rebounds than missed shots, more steals than turnovers, or more assists than made shots. Software programs, such as Cybersports for basketball, also have built in logic and powerful editing capabilities along with intensive built in help utilities that include official rules and guidelines. In addition, instant cumulative or season statistics are also now available, a task that once took weeks to achieve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Official Statistics Rules and Guidelines&#xA;FIELD GOAL ATTEMPT (FGA)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is credited to a player anytime the ball is shot, thrown, or trapped at the proper basket. The act of shooting begins with the shooting motion and ends when the ball has left the shooter’s hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is not credited when a player is fouled in the act of shooting and the try is unsuccessful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is not credited when an official rules that a foul occurred prior to the attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is not credited when an official rules that a violation occurred prior to the attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is not credited when offensive basket interference or goal tending occurs on the try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal attempt is not charged if a shot is taken near the expiration of time for a period or shot clock when the shot is not made and the shot was either a desperation attempt or not a reasonable attempt to make a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blocked shots are counted as field goal attempts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIELD GOAL MADE (FG)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal made is credited to a player when an attempt is successful or when an official awards points for defensive basket interference or goal tending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A made field goal is credited when a player tips the ball into the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A made goal is credited when a player is fouled in the act of shooting and the try is successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a field goal is made at the wrong basket, it is mentioned as a footnote, and is not credited to any individual player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal made is not credited when a defensive player tips the ball into the basket, but instead is mentioned as a footnote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;REBOUND (REB)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rebound is credited to a player or team every time a field goal or free-throw attempt is unsuccessful. A rebound is credited to a player when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who immediately gains possession of the ball after a missed shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A jumper whose team gains possession on a jump ball situation created by two opposing players rebounding the ball simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who tips a missed shot in an attempt to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player on a tap-out if a teammate receives the ball; otherwise, to the opponent gaining possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A player retrieving a blocked shot.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team Rebounds are credited to a team when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A missed or blocked shot goes directly out of bounds or is deflected out of bounds before individual player possession can be established.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free-throw attempt misses the rim completely, and the ball is awarded out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A missed shot bounces over the backboard or touches a guide wire or support of the backboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dead Ball rebounds are credited to a team when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possession is retained after a missed free-throw attempt which is followed by another attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possession is retained after a missed technical foul shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Time expires prior to a player or team gaining possession of a missed shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A foul occurs on a missed shot and the ball becomes dead before a player or team can gain possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rebound is not credited on a missed shot when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is fouled in the act of shooting and the try is unsuccessful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is awarded a substitute free-throw because the opposing team committed a free-throw violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An official rules that a foul or violation occurred prior to the attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team is awarded two points on defensive goal tending or basket interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;STEALS (ST)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A steal is credited to a defensive player who is directly responsible for causing an opponent’s turnover. Steals are credited to a defensive player who:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intercepts or deflects to a teammate an opponent’s pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Takes the ball away from a dribbler or taps the dribble to a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Takes away or taps the ball to a teammate from an opponent who is holding it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taps the ball or deflects a pass off an opponent out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Creates a held ball by grasping the ball while an opponent is holding it, and the defensive team gains possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Steals are not credited when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opponent’s turnover is caused by a violation (traveling, double dribble, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The turnover is a result of an offensive foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ASSIST (AST)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An assist is credited to an offensive player whose pass, in the statistician’s judgment, is directly responsible for a for the principal pass that resulted in a successful field goal. The pass needs to be a major portion of the play in order for an assist to be given. Assists are not dependent on the degree of difficulty however an assist should be more than a routine pass that just happens to be followed by a field goal. Every made field goal could have an assist except for any unassisted play such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A successful tip or rebound shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A successful field goal following a steal when no passing occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An assist may be given on a successful field goal attempt by a player after he dribbles, if a pass contributed directly to the dribble and resulting basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An assist is usually but not always credited to the player making the last pass prior to the successful field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only one assist may be credited for each successful field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On situations where multiple passes lead to a successful field goal, the statistician must judge or determine which pass contributed most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TURNOVER (TO)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A turnover is credited to an offensive player whose actions are directly responsible for losing ball possession to the opposing team prior to shooting. When a team has gained control of the ball or having become entitled to the ball does not put the ball in flight for a try at a field goal before an opponent gains control of the ball - then a turnover situation exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual turnovers are credited when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An offensive player who loses the ball to an opponent while holding, dribbling, passing or receiving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An offensive player who is called for a violation (traveling, double dribble, etc.) by an official and the ball is awarded to the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who commits a personal foul or is called for a technical foul while team has or is entitled to possession of ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team turnover is credited when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team is in or entitled to possession of the ball, and a technical is called on the coach or the bench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no player can be judged responsible then the team is charged with the turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Turnovers are not credited when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A double violation or a double foul occurs, and ball possession is retained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A violation occurs during the first of a two shot foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FREE THROW ATTEMPT (FTA)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free throw attempt shall be credited anytime a player shoots a free throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free throw attempt is not credited when an official disallows a free throw attempt because of a violation by the shooter or a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A missed free throw attempt is not credited when the shooter is awarded a substitute throw because of a free throw violation by the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free throw attempt is not credited when a double violation results in a jump ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A free throw attempt is credited when the ball fails to touch the rim on the attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FREE THROW MADE (FT)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Free throw made is credited to a player when the attempt is successful or when an official awards one point because of defensive goal tending or basket interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T04:43:27.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24341" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-28T16:43:50.140" Score="1" ViewCount="15225" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules and are they the same in NCAA and NFL when it comes to stopping and starting the game clock when a player runs out of bounds with the football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I have found out is that according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rule Book&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anytime a player in possession of the ball goes out of bounds, the play clock stops. The clock is restarted once the officials spot the ball at the appropriate yard line on the field, except during the last two minutes of the first half or the last five minutes of the fourth quarter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct and would that be the same for NCAA college football?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-12-28T09:44:48.173" LastActivityDate="2024-04-03T05:04:20.523" Title="Rule for stopping / starting the clock when running out of bounds with the football in NFL &amp; NCAA" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|collegiate|game-time|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3170" CreationDate="2019-11-30T20:26:54.860" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got two sponsors about 10 years ago. A lot of things happened in the meantime in the world of climbing but here are a few sure things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it harder to get sponsors as a person that only boulders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, it is not, and as of now (2019), it might even be easier. Bouldering experienced a huge boost in the past years, a much larger public than before has its eyes on it and being able to play big in this scene is something sponsors are very interested in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what ratings most athletes can climb when they become professional rock climbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having a sponsor is a first step towards being a professional rock climber but not at all equal to being one! That being said, you should present &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; your skills as an athlete, &#xA;not only your highest grade.  Getting sponsored means advertising the products of a brand in exchange for those (and possibly money). Any possibility you have to attract attention &#xA;for your sponsor is a relevant argument to present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climbing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Obviously the better you climb, the higher your chances are. But:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Specializing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;can help too. That may be technically (e.g. trad, bouldering, multi-pitch, drytooling, FA, competition) or geographically (climbing in a region where a given brand isn't known yet, advertising a new climbing spot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;is also very relevant.  Climbing 5.13 with 15 might sound (even) more impressive than 5.14 with 25.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Network&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Contacts with magazines, climbing forums, online platforms and social media followers can be a heavy argument. Climbing just &quot;okay&quot; but being known and seen by many, you'll have better chances &#xA;than a much better climbing noone knows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, don't forget that sponsorship is a job (you provide a service to your employer and get a compensation for it) and applying for it works like for any other job: keep sending applications and wait for one positive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19263" LastActivityDate="2019-11-30T20:26:54.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24341" CreationDate="2019-12-01T04:24:16.053" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;College has no two minute warning.&#xA;College clock doesn't stop on out of bounds in the last 2 minutes/5 minutes.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;College clock does stop briefly to move the chains on first downs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13440" LastActivityDate="2019-12-01T04:24:16.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24350" CreationDate="2019-12-01T15:08:50.220" Score="2" ViewCount="3485" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the atptour site, next to the player's ATP rank there is the letter T. What does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/players/rogerio-dutra-silva/sc73/rankings-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.atptour.com/en/players/rogerio-dutra-silva/sc73/rankings-history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NOmum.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NOmum.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19351" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-01T17:11:17.677" LastActivityDate="2022-03-03T01:05:58.030" Title="What does T mean in ATP rankings" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24349" CreationDate="2019-12-01T16:51:43.733" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you check the ranking, you can see that this is always shown next to several players - so it means that the players are tied for the same position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, here is one screenshot from ATP website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zw8nD.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zw8nD.png&quot; alt=&quot;screenshot ranking&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The screenshot is taken from the current status of this page: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles/?rankDate=2019-11-25&amp;amp;countryCode=all&amp;amp;rankRange=1001-1100&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles/?rankDate=2019-11-25&amp;amp;countryCode=all&amp;amp;rankRange=1001-1100&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question contains more detail on criteria that are user (beside the points) in the ATP rankings: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4161&quot;&gt;What tie-breaker is used in the ATP ranking, when two players have the same number of points?&lt;/a&gt; (So T next to the ranking means that the players have the same number of points and also the other ranking criteria are the same.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2019-12-01T16:51:43.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-01T23:58:58.550" Score="2" ViewCount="2584" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a quarterback slides feet first, is the ball spotted at the feet or where the ball is held in the hands, which could be 2 or 3 feet behind the feet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19352" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-06T07:26:22.463" LastActivityDate="2019-12-06T07:26:22.463" Title="Where is the ball spotted on a quarterback slide" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|quarterback|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24351" CreationDate="2019-12-02T01:05:50.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2018 the ball is spotted from the position at which the quarterback initiates the slide. This applies on any type slide or dive, for any ball carrier. So in this case, when the quarterback slides with the ball in his hands, the ball is spotted at the yardage it was when his body first contacts the ground, which is usually his thigh, shin or knee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://torontosun.com/sports/football/nfl/kryk-wentzs-non-td-td-dive-forewarns-colossal-nfl-rules-controversy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an explanation by the NFL's competition committee regarding the ruling on ball carrier sliding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) “If a runner (including a quarterback) gives himself up, then he is down where the first body part touches the ground. The runner should not benefit from additional yardage after the first body part touches. Defenders do not have to go down to initiate contact to stop a runner from gaining more yards after he contacts the ground.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) “Quarterbacks and all runners should be reminded that they must give themselves up early, and that if a defender has committed to a tackle, contact may occur. However, that contact cannot be late or to the head or neck area of the player who gave himself up.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) “A quarterback does not have to slide feet first to be considered to be giving himself up. Regardless whether the slide is feet first or head first, as long as he gives himself up, he should receive the protections afforded to him as a player in a defenceless posture.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2018/08/04/nfl-rules-will-now-treat-head-first-dives-like-feet-first-slides/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This rule&lt;/a&gt; was added to give more protection to the ball handlers, make them treated the same when giving themselves up via feet first dive or head first dive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T01:05:50.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24330" CreationDate="2019-12-03T10:37:32.110" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.de/premier-league/elfmeterstatistiken/wettbewerb/GB1/saison_id/1992&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Transfermarkt&lt;/a&gt; data on Premier League since 1992, I would say that the success rate has decreased over years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Year | Success rate (%)&#xA;_______________________&#xA;1992 |  93.4&#xA;1993 |  97.6&#xA;1994 |  91.7&#xA;1995 |  94.5&#xA;1996 |  95.3&#xA;1997 |  93.4&#xA;1998 |  90.7&#xA;1999 |  97.1&#xA;2000 |  91.4&#xA;2001 |  90.4&#xA;2002 |  96.2&#xA;2003 |  95.7&#xA;2004 |  92.3&#xA;2005 |  77.0&#xA;2006 |  79.1&#xA;2007 |  78.2&#xA;2008 |  78.8&#xA;2009 |  78.9&#xA;2010 |  78.6&#xA;2011 |  74.2&#xA;2012 |  80.0&#xA;2013 |  83.9&#xA;2014 |  76.8&#xA;2015 |  81.3&#xA;2016 |  76.4&#xA;2017 |  70.0&#xA;2018 |  81.6&#xA;2019 |  80.6&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5XCjO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5XCjO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;premier league&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some reason, it drastically dropped between 2004 and 2005, and it was around 93% before and 78% lately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.de/1-bundesliga/elfmeterstatistiken/wettbewerb/L1/saison_id/1992&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Transfermarkt&lt;/a&gt; on Bundesliga since 1992:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Year | Success rate (%)&#xA;_______________________&#xA;1992 |  80.3&#xA;1993 |  84.7&#xA;1994 |  83.1&#xA;1995 |  79.2&#xA;1996 |  79.7&#xA;1997 |  73.2&#xA;1998 |  71.6&#xA;1999 |  75.8&#xA;2000 |  80.0&#xA;2001 |  72.5&#xA;2002 |  71.6&#xA;2003 |  77.6&#xA;2004 |  86.4&#xA;2005 |  73.1&#xA;2006 |  68.2&#xA;2007 |  78.0&#xA;2008 |  76.6&#xA;2009 |  78.2&#xA;2010 |  68.7&#xA;2011 |  86.8&#xA;2012 |  75.9&#xA;2013 |  73.6&#xA;2014 |  81.7&#xA;2015 |  79.1&#xA;2016 |  72.4&#xA;2017 |  73.1&#xA;2018 |  81.3&#xA;2019 |  78.1&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IM37l.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IM37l.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1. bundesliga&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to find a pattern on the German statistics. They are roughly around 77%, with ups and downs equally distributed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="12900" LastEditDate="2019-12-03T12:53:20.100" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T12:53:20.100" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-03T20:09:08.833" Score="6" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;As featured in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24353&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, the penalty kick success rate in the Premier League was 92.3% in 2004, and consistently around 95% in the preceding seasons, but in 2005 it dropped to 77% and has stayed at around 80% ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KEoCL.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KEoCL.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What caused this sudden drop? To me, it would seem as if a rule change was enacted. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19354" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2019-12-04T14:20:22.387" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T20:29:41.970" Title="Why did penalty kick success rates suddenly drop from 2004 to 2005?" Tags="|football|statistics|english-premier-league|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-04T13:16:41.850" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tool connects two skis so they stay parallel, and allows for little margin. How is it called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19356" LastActivityDate="2019-12-04T13:16:41.850" Title="I have trouble keeping my skis parallel all the time. I have seen a teaching tool that connects the skis so they stay parallel. How is it called?" Tags="|skiing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-12-12T21:11:56.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24351" CreationDate="2019-12-05T15:54:33.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please see my comments in my answer here - &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1593/when-a-qb-slides-is-it-considered-a-dead-ball&quot;&gt;When a QB slides, is it considered a dead ball?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your specific question of a QB sliding feet first.   The ball should be spotted when he starts his slide where the ball was at that point.   Not when a shin or thigh or anything else hits.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other answer is simply incorrect.   One could even go as far as saying that  whenever the QBs feet land for his slide that is the point where the ball is dead (where the QB has the ball being relative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that would also be wrong.   An athletic QB could easily slide high (think flying front kick) and gain at least 1-2 yards while in the air.   When the QB is in the &quot;sliding&quot; position he is not allowed to be hit so it would be completely inaccurate for a referee to mark the ball at the spot where the QB landed first when the defense wasn't allowed to hit him.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule is simple - start your slide and ball is dead...   Ball spotted right were it was when slide started.   That is why you see some smart QBs like Rodgers stick the ball out front on slides (this rule needs to be changed too as it is ridiculous near sidelines).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2019-12-05T18:28:29.547" LastActivityDate="2019-12-05T18:28:29.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17009" CreationDate="2019-12-05T17:56:24.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Bryan mentioned, depends on the definition of 'sport', but some additional candidates:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIRST robotics competitions take what they call &quot;coopertition&quot; as a principle.  The games usually involve teams working together to get a high combined score, sometimes distributing the points differently (e.g. a subtask will lead to one team getting 110% of the combined score).  These are ultimately competitive, as the games take place within a tournament and the highest scoring teams win the tournament.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Certain eSports might be examples, though the ones I can think of that have cooperative elements are also the least likely to qualify as sports (e.g. EVE Online has significant cooperative economic activity, but it isn't really a sport; more sport-like ones like CS:GO and Starcraft have few cooperative elements).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be that part of the definition of &quot;sport&quot; is the competitive nature of it.  I think something like FIRST's 'coopertition' is the closest you'll get where it still qualifies as a sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19361" LastActivityDate="2019-12-05T17:56:24.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17229" CreationDate="2019-12-06T16:34:41.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The central risk is getting used to incorrect technique. Since foam balls are significantly lighter than tennis balls, hitting them offers less feedback. Consequently many players begin swinging and/or using their wrists instead of leaning in. In the meantime, the light balls do not punish these mistakes and moreover obscure bad timing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2019-12-06T16:34:41.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24440" CreationDate="2019-12-07T06:32:50.250" Score="2" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you watch ESPN or the local news's sports, they usually show highlights from games/matches of the day.  If another network broadcasted the game, it usually shows the highlight and credits that network.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I noticed for boxing or UFC, they might show a freeze frame shot from the fight but will never show the knockout.  What is the reason for this?  Why are fighting highlights not allowed to be shown during sports segments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T18:31:23.697" Title="Why aren't fighting highlights shown on sports segments?" Tags="|boxing|ufc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13963" CreationDate="2019-12-07T09:25:43.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple possible solution is to have the player focus on having the racquethead point upwards at the beginning of the swing. This is impossible with a raised elbow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T09:25:43.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21046" CreationDate="2019-12-07T09:30:45.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, an idle racket will not lose tension as quickly. Any impact sustained by a string-bed will reduce its tension. A more intense impact will reduce the tension more. Thus, the effect in badminton is weaker than in tennis, but still existent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T09:30:45.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15518" CreationDate="2019-12-07T09:34:25.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion lobs would not be a good option, since they do not capitalize on the typical strengths of doubles players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming none of the players have glaring weaknesses and the differences are just in singles/doubles specialty, standard doubles play should be the strategy. That is, the usual mixture of poaching and varied formations. The effectiveness will come from the skill and experience in playing doubles as opposed to a specific type of shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T09:34:25.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24354" CreationDate="2019-12-07T17:07:58.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The values before and after the jump are rather constant so I expect this sudden change not to be correlated to any change in player performance.  This gets even clearer if you superimpose the Premier League and Bundesliga values from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24353/19263&quot;&gt;original post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gpX10.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gpX10.png&quot; alt=&quot;penalty kick success rate Premier League and Bundesliga&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The average success rate of penalty kick in the Premier League drops after 2004 to the same value as the average of the 1. Bundesliga, around 76%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is very likely to have been caused by some technical aspect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Technique, material and rules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar jumps can be observed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ted.com/talks/david_epstein_are_athletes_really_getting_faster_better_stronger#t-300535&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;swimming time records&lt;/a&gt;. Those happened when new moves, a new pool shape and new swimming suits were introduced, respectively.  However, they describe an apparent jump &lt;em&gt;up&lt;/em&gt; in athlete performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other technical aspects lead to an apparent sudden &lt;em&gt;decrease&lt;/em&gt; in athlete performance.  You can observe this for example in the profile of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men&amp;#39;s_javelin_throw_world_record_progression&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;javelin throw world record&lt;/a&gt; over time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6337n.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6337n.png&quot; alt=&quot;javelin throw record distance&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The javelin originally used was replaced with a heavier one in 1986 and another javelin model was banned in 1991.  Previous records were set back to zero or disregarded, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot think of any similar possibility to explain the Premier League drop from this point of view, though. Historically inaccurate but mathematically plausible examples would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;using a smaller goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;using a (much) heavier ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicking the penalty further back&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;adding a second goal keeper (my favourite!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mathematics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more likely to cause the observed discontinuity in penalty kick performance is the evaluation method.  This is what happened in decathlon where the conversion of ten performances into one single value is quite complicated. Evolving conversion formulas lead to &quot;variation&quot; in athlete performance! The corresponding &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon_scoring_tables&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Akilles Järvinen, the silver medalist in the decathlon in both the 1928 and 1932 Olympics, would have won gold in both years rather handily under most later years' scoring tables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The values we are talking about in the Premier League case are yearly averages.  Which shots you consider and which not also influences the outcome.  For example, disregarding all penalty kicks &quot;not on target&quot; (completely missing the goal area) for the computation of the average could considerably increase its value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider for the sake of the example a player with following  statistics:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 penalty kicks shot &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;19 shots on target &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;18 shots scored  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His average penalty kick success rate is:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;95% of all shots on target&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;75% of all shots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it sounds pretty likely, I could not find any information to corroborate this assumption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19263" LastEditorUserId="19263" LastEditDate="2019-12-07T17:21:57.547" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T17:21:57.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24317" CreationDate="2019-12-07T23:24:44.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither, it is mounted just like it is shown in the diagram. The 0.75&quot; side is mounted to a flat rail and the long side is extends in line with the top of the rail. Like so:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7tmEu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7tmEu.png&quot; alt=&quot;L77 Bumper&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see an example of this in the following video series: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEmCmWUNxnw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEmCmWUNxnw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19369" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T23:24:44.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24371" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-09T15:50:41.803" Score="-1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 20 over game.... first team scored 152 all out in 16.2 Over and second team scored 153/6 in 17 over.what is the run rate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19378" LastActivityDate="2019-12-12T10:23:51.557" Title="Run rate of 20 over Cricket match" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-12-13T19:32:03.403" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24373" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-10T06:10:54.273" Score="3" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this scenario is extremely unlikely and will probably never occur, bit I am still curious. Say, overtime starts and Team A receives the ball first. They end up kicking a field goal and the ball goes to Team B. Team B then throws an interception to Team A. For whatever reason, on the interception return, the returner gets tackled in the end zone for a safety. What would then happen after that? Would Team B get another possession? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19380" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-12T08:43:32.653" LastActivityDate="2019-12-12T08:43:32.653" Title="Field goal then safety in overtime?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24496" CreationDate="2019-12-10T07:32:34.033" Score="4" ViewCount="958" Body="&lt;p&gt;A follow-up to the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1702/what-is-strength-of-victory&quot;&gt;What is “Strength of Victory”?&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was trying to find the theoretical maximum of a team's strength of victory (SOV) after an NFL regular season is complete. Certainly, just like other won-loss-tied percentages, the SOV is a numerical value between 0 and 1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to how NFL match-ups are set for any given NFL team in any given season (e.g. 6 divisional games, 4 games against another division in the same conference, 4 games against a division in the opposite conference, etc.), is there a way to compute the maximum SOV of a given NFL team? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking because it seems to be rare, in practice, that a team's SOV is over 0.500. For instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/Patriots/comments/a4qxt8/patriots_have_the_highest_strength_of_victory_in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to Reddit&lt;/a&gt;, the 2018 New England Patriots have an SOV of 0.539 and they say that is the highest in the NFL in that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19381" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-09-18T11:16:24.560" LastActivityDate="2020-09-18T11:16:24.560" Title="What is the highest strength of victory that can be attained by an NFL team?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24375" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-10T15:36:32.663" Score="2" ViewCount="1679" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the player I have tried, but can barely get games on her:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lower 5.0 - very fast, probably the fastest in the league.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Self taught ugly strokes, flat forehand but uses a forehand western grip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Likes hitting forehand to backhand, that's her big shot, her thing is going from her forehand to backhand, if you give her short balls, she will keep attacking until you make an error. She can rally forever.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does not like going forehand to forehand, that shot is weak.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not a strong two handed backhand, but keeps it deep all the time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No spin, no dropshots, no slices, no creativity, nothing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does not like to come to the net, if she does is because she got a short ball and she hits her ugly forehand western grip &quot;volley&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No power serve, most of her serves to my backhand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am the big topspin player who is getting too old to rally with her. I use semi-western forehand but can adjust grips. I can hit good dropshots and slices, but don't use it much in game. I am fast, but not as fast as her. I like to finish points early and hit approach shots to the corners and come to the net, but she seems to get it all back, very hard to hit winners on her. She barely makes any errors. When I play her I beat myself up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize I need to work the point, and play smart, and get fitter. I don't have the power serves but I can hit some powerful winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I think would help me is a killer backhand down the line and a killer forehand to forehand winner. Because she does not like going forehand to forehand. Or a short slice to her forehand since she uses a western grip and loves the high balls on her forehand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My goal is to just get more games on her, at least for now. Any advice against this kind of player? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The other day I found out this other player who is a leftie and hits with low pace took more games than I ever did on her. This makes me wonder if a good backhand and low pace would help against her game. She definitely likes my ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7681" LastEditorUserId="7681" LastEditDate="2019-12-25T14:13:16.447" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T14:36:11.903" Title="How to beat a fast and consistent tennis player?" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24373" CreationDate="2019-12-10T15:44:21.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team A would win the game in this scenario by one point. The safety counts but the game is over because Team B had a full possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/19_2012_Overtime_Procedures.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the second team loses possession by an interception or fumble, the down will be permitted to run to its&#xA;  conclusion, but if the second team’s possession has legally ended with the fumble recovery or interception,&#xA;  any subsequent action will not affect the outcome of the game. (If the change of possession occurs in the&#xA;  second team’s end zone, the score counts.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19366" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T15:44:21.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24379" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-10T21:49:39.717" Score="-1" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using technology to steal signs is banned in baseball. Teams consider this type of sign stealing a way of gaining an unfair advantage (Joe Maddon &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/at-winter-meetings-the-astros-signstealing-saga-still-commands-baseballs-attention-040108702.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;compared it&lt;/a&gt; to using &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance-enhancing_substance&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PEDs&lt;/a&gt;). As far as I can tell, though, the reason stealing signs provides an unfair advantage is &lt;em&gt;because&lt;/em&gt; they are banned and therefore most teams don't do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case seems very different from PEDs, which have reason to be banned besides the competitive advantage gained. The significant negative health effects from using them are good reason to ban them to prevent them from becoming necessary to perform competitively. On the other hand, nobody is hurt from sign-stealing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the MLB has a sign-stealing problem, why doesn't it just allow it entirely. That takes away the unfair competitive edge from stealing signs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="10370" LastEditDate="2019-12-11T15:36:57.347" LastActivityDate="2019-12-14T20:31:56.373" Title="Why doesn't the MLB just allow teams to try to steal signs?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2019-12-15T20:02:26.587" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24379" CreationDate="2019-12-11T12:32:09.863" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sign stealing isn't really banned. However, the traditional, acceptable way is for a runner on second to look at the signs and covertly signal the batter. What the league finds unacceptable is using technology to steal signs (e.g. center field cameras, secret transmitters). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T12:32:09.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24375" CreationDate="2019-12-11T12:34:54.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my view, aiming for &quot;killer&quot; shots is a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have the advantage in every neutral-game scenario except one: her targeting your backhand with her forehand. Hence you should focus on constructing the point better instead of hitting through her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the best approach is to focus on the neutral game and rally to her backhand. If all she does is stick it deep, you have ample time to improve your position shot-by-shot until you can really go to net convincingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short slices to her forehand are okay as mix-ups or pace/tempo-changers, but a poorly executed slice gives up initiative, so this is risky unless you have a very high quality slice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T12:34:54.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24274" CreationDate="2019-12-11T22:11:57.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was most active (decades ago), I used Butterfly's Tackiness Drive on my forehand and Sriver on my backhand.  What I used to clean both rubber sheets was simple window spray cleaner and paper towels.  In a pinch you can get by with just water, but Windex (or any other variant) does quite nicely.  I saw no adverse results from using it over a period of many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T22:11:57.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24371" CreationDate="2019-12-12T10:23:51.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The team batting first will always have their run rate calculated for the maximum number of overs they can bat irrespective of the number of overs they have managed to play. &#xA;As in this case, the first team NRR is  7.6 (152/20). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second team NRR is dependent on various scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Played for 20 overs without getting all out.In this scenario NRR is&#xA;calculated for entire 20 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chased the target with overs remaning. NRR is calculated for only&#xA;the played overs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Got All out before 20 overs. NRR is calculated for entire 20 overs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence in your case the second team NRR is 9 (153/17)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastActivityDate="2019-12-12T10:23:51.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24387" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-12T20:10:33.943" Score="7" ViewCount="2355" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last Tuesday, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_UEFA_Champions_League#Group_H&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;group H of the Champions League 2019/20&lt;/a&gt; was decided, and the Dutch football (soccer) club Ajax ended up third place with as many as 10 points, failing to qualify for the next round since both Valencia and Chelsea have 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's rather unlikely not to qualify with 11 points; that means two other teams need to have at least 11 points, for a total of 33 points. There are 12 matches in the group stage, for a total of 36 points, so there are at most three draws; this can only happen if the three teams beat the fourth team twice, and their six head-to-head matches end up in one win, one loss and two draws for each team; each team ends up with 11 points, but goals fore/against may make a distinction here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, there's only one scenario where a team with 12 points doesn't qualify: if two other teams have 12 points, when all matches are decisive, they all beat the fourth team and they all win exactly two out of four head-to-head matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the history of the Champions League, have any other teams failed to qualify for the next round (in a group of 4, where the top 2 qualify) with as much as 10 points? What about other (high level) football competitions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2019-12-13T13:53:16.417" LastActivityDate="2022-10-05T03:23:03.840" Title="Is Ajax the first team not to qualify for the next stage (because they ended up 3rd) with as much as 10 points?" Tags="|football|trivia|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24387" CreationDate="2019-12-12T20:54:06.417" Score="13" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's mathematically impossible not to qualify with 11 points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is Ajax the first team not to qualify for the next stage with as much&#xA;  as 10 points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013-2014 UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt;, in the Group F, Napoli finished 3rd of its group and didn't qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dortmund  12 (+5)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arsenal   12 (+3)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Napoli     12 (+1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Marseille   0 (-9)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also happened in old format during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997-1998 UEFA Champions League&lt;/a&gt; for the PSG, eliminated with 12 Pts in the group E and ranked third of &quot;runners-up&quot; (only the two first qualify).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2568008.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2568008.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also see : &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7295/highest-points-to-finish-runner-up-in-champions-league-group-lowest-points-to-w&quot;&gt;Highest Points to finish Runner-Up in Champions League Group? Lowest points to win Champions League Group?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19394" LastActivityDate="2019-12-12T20:54:06.417" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24374" CreationDate="2019-12-13T16:48:54.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, this value could be very high and there is a way to calculate the maximum possible.  It may not be a likely scenario, but imagine a scenario where the Detroit Lions have a perfect season:  16-0.  This means that they beat each divisional opponent 2 times each, leaving them with a maximum record of 14-2.  However, this is not a possible result as each other division opponent must also face each other twice.  To make things easy, let's say they all split with each other -- each team takes a loss from each of the other two teams.  This means that each divisional opponent is sitting at 12-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Lions      16 - 0&#xA;Packers    12 - 4&#xA;Bears      12 - 4&#xA;Vikings    12 - 4&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From here, the Lions have 10 other opponents on the season.  In a perfect world, 7 of those teams could come from different divisions and could each be 15-1.  Three of these 10 teams would need to take an additional two losses from the division leaders and would end up at 13-3.  If my math is correct, it would look something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  E(A)        N(A)        S(A)       W(A)        E(N)        N(N)        S(N)        W(N)&#xA;NE  15-1    BAL 15-1    HOU 15-1   KC  15-1    DAL 15-1    DET 16-0    NO  15-1    SF  15-1&#xA;BUF 13-3    PIT 13-3    TEN 13-3   OAK 3-13    PHI 3-13    MIN 12-4    TB  3-13    SEA 6-10&#xA;NYJ 4-12    CLE 4-12    IND 4-12   DEN 3-13    WSH 3-13    CHI 12-4    CAR 3-13    LAR 6-10&#xA;MIA 2-14    CIN 3-13    JAX 2-14   LAC 2-14    NYG 3-13    GB  12-4    ATL 3-13    ARI 3-13&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives us enough information to calculate the maximum possible Strength of Victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;((12 / 16) * 6)   ---- Divisional wins&#xA;((15 / 16) * 7)   ---- Non-divisional wins against division leaders&#xA;((13 / 16) * 3)   ---- Non-divisional wins against division runner ups&#xA;&#xA;(((12 / 16) * 6) + ((15 / 16) * 7) + ((13 / 16) * 3)) / 16&#xA;&#xA;           (  4.5  +  6.5625  +  2.625  )  / 16&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the theoretical maximum for strength of victory is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;0.84375&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The likelihood of this happening in reality is slim to none, due not only to the incredible difficulty in finishing a season undefeated, but also adding the difficulty of beating 16 other VERY GOOD opponents.  For example, the Patriots undefeated season in 2007 didn't break the .500 threshold due to games against teams that only had a single win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2019-12-13T17:15:34.673" LastActivityDate="2019-12-13T17:15:34.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20025" CreationDate="2019-12-13T17:46:38.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at UFC after introduction of weight classes, here is the list of UFC champions I found to have also won an Olympics medal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronda_Rousey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronda Rousey&lt;/a&gt;: Rousey is a 70kg Judo bronze medal winner at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She was promoted to the Bantamwight champion after Strikeforce was absorbed by the UFC, and first defended her title at UFC 157.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cejudo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henry Cejudo&lt;/a&gt;: Cejudo is the 55kg gold medal winner in freestyle wrestling at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He became UFC's Flyweight champion at UFC227, and Bantamweight champion at UFC 238.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notable mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Cormier&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daniel Cormier&lt;/a&gt;: He came 4th in the 96kg weight class of freestyle wrestling in 2004 Athens Olympics. A gold medal hopeful of the 2008 Olympics, he was named the captain of the USA's wrestling team, but was ultimately pulled out of the tournament. Cormier won the UFC light Heavyweight belt at UFC 187 and became the Heavyweight champion at UFC 226.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Henderson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Henderson&lt;/a&gt;: Henderson competed in the 1992 and 1996 Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling, not winning any medals. He was the UFC 17's Middlewight tournament champion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoel_Romero&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yoel Romero&lt;/a&gt;: Romero won the silver medal of 85kg freestyle wrestling at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. As of August 2019, he is ranked #3 in Middlewight UFC.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Jackson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kevin Jackson&lt;/a&gt;: Jackson is the Barcelona's 1992 gold medal champion of the 82kg freestyle wrestling. He fought for the light heavyweight belt at UFC Japan, but was defeated. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-13T18:04:41.253" LastActivityDate="2019-12-13T18:04:41.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24379" CreationDate="2019-12-14T20:31:56.373" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is simple.   Because it would make the games longer.   MLB is trying to reduce game times and has limits on mound visits.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The art of signs and cryptology isn't rocket science - the more indicators and false positives the more secure your sign will be.  Catchers could flash 30-40 different things and a camera would have a hard hard time in gametime coming up with the key.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then the other reason is the defocus of baseball itself.   If they just allowed video of everything a lot of discussion would be around MIT sign/signal-breakers.   You would see a &quot;war room&quot; in the back with 5-6 guys trying to break signs, teams would then change their signs every inning or more and it would just add a ton of time and non-baseball things to the game.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2019-12-14T20:31:56.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24396" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-16T17:33:12.217" Score="4" ViewCount="832" Body="&lt;p&gt;Breaking a racquet out of anger or frustration is a common sight in tennis, both on the men and women's tours. They normally get a code violation or monetary fine for doing so, sometimes both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand wanting to punish players for damaging the court surface or the venue, but why do they still get penalized if they, for example, bend and break the racquet against their knee? Like this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/Tennis_Stories/56756/stan-wawrinka-breaks-racket-through-knee/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/Tennis_Stories/56756/stan-wawrinka-breaks-racket-through-knee/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for the code violation is usually labeled as &quot;racquet abuse&quot;, so it seems like they don't care how the racquet is broken, but only that it is broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they only penalize racquet abuse? Why does the tournament care how a player treats their own equipment? What if, for example, the player rips their clothing out of frustration? As long as they aren't harming anyone or damaging the tournament property, why do they care? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17230" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T00:56:17.737" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T00:56:17.737" Title="Why do tennis players get penalized for breaking racquets?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24396" CreationDate="2019-12-16T22:38:02.667" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tennis, like most sports, has a formal code of conduct to which players are supposed to adhere. Tennis is their profession, and they need to act like &lt;em&gt;professionals&lt;/em&gt; - breaking your racquet in a fit of anger is not very professional. The equivalent from other sports would be a footballer kicking the ball away after conceding a free kick (which is a yellow-card offence), or a hockey player snapping his stick in half. The non-sporting equivalent would be a Starbucks employee realising they someone's order wrong and hurling the cup across the room - pretty sure they'd be fired on the spot for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do they only penalize racquet abuse?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They don't; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tennis_violations#Selected_period_violation_summary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;racquet abuse just happens to be the most common offence&lt;/a&gt; (on the mens' tour, anyway). Here's a table of the fines racked up at the four majors between 1998 and 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Fine                    | Men | Women&#xA;_____________________________________&#xA;Racket Abuse            | 646 |  99&#xA;Audible Obscenity       | 344 | 140&#xA;Unsportsmanlike Conduct | 287 |  67&#xA;Coaching                |  87 | 152&#xA;Ball Abuse              |  50 |  35&#xA;Verbal Abuse            |  62 |  16&#xA;Visible Obscenity       |  20 |  11&#xA;No Press                |   6 |  10&#xA;Time Violations         |   7 |   3&#xA;Best Effort             |   2 |   0&#xA;Default                 |   3 |   0&#xA;Doubles Attire          |   2 |   1&#xA;Late For Match          |   1 |   1&#xA;First Round Retirement  |   2 |   0&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What if, for example, the player rips their clothing out of frustration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I imagine that would be covered under &quot;unsportsmanlike conduct&quot; (or possibly &quot;visible obscenity&quot; depending on their gender and/or what clothing they rip). At Wimbledon, which &lt;a href=&quot;https://time.com/5323876/wimbledon-dress-code/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;famously enforces a very strict dress code&lt;/a&gt;, they could potentially be thrown out entirely, as the dress code mandates &quot;common standards of decency&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T22:38:02.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-17T20:42:29.157" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2019, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/player/brettmaher/2540243/gamelogs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brett Maher&lt;/a&gt; made a 62 and 63 yard field goals during the season. However, he was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001086230/article/cowboys-cut-kicker-brett-maher-sign-kai-forbath&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;released&lt;/a&gt; on 9 Dec 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When was the last time a kicker was released after making two (or more) 60+ yard field goals during the season? Please state the kicker's name, team, yards of field goals he made over 60 yards, and his date of release. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19411" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T22:03:14.617" Title="When was the last time a kicker was released after making two 60+ yard field goals during the season?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|statistics|nfl|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24401" CreationDate="2019-12-18T10:04:54.667" Score="1" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious about the countries that have won the fewest medals at the Olympics - or are there countries that never won any kind of medal at the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To keep the list a sensible size, let's ignore countries with populations below 5 million like Monaco.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-08T11:35:15.277" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T11:35:15.277" Title="Which countries have won the fewest medals at the Olympics?" Tags="|trivia|records|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24399" CreationDate="2019-12-18T13:32:35.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table#List_of_NOCs_without_medals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia entry&lt;/a&gt; - as of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, there are 71 (of 201) countries, that are/were part of the Olympic movement, that are yet to achieve a medal at any Olympic Games; Summer or Winter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The worst performing country (with over 5m population) appears to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bolivia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bolivia have competed at 20 Olympic Games (14 Summer, 6 Winter), have sent 78 competitors (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics_competitors_for_Bolivia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;63 Summer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Winter_Olympics_competitors_for_Bolivia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;15 Winter&lt;/a&gt;), but are yet to register a medal position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T13:32:35.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24399" CreationDate="2019-12-18T13:52:43.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you're looking for countries that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have never won a Summer or Winter Olympic medal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have a population of at least 5 million&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the end of the 2020 Summer Olympics, there are &lt;strong&gt;24&lt;/strong&gt; such countries in existence, and for the sake of completion, here they all are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Country&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Population&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Summer Olympics&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Winter Olympics&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Angola&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bangladesh&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;161 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Benin&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11.5 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bolivia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11.4 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Cambodia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15.3 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chad&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13.7 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Democratic Republic of the Congo&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;91.9 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;El Salvador&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6.4 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Guinea&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12.4 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Honduras&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9.6 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Laos&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7.1 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Libya&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;~7 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Madagascar&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26.3 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Malawi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18.1 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mali&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19.3 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Myanmar&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;53.6 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Nicaragua&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6.2 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Papua New Guinea&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8.6 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Republic of the Congo&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5.2 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Rwanda&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11.3 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sierra Leone&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7.1 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Somalia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;South Sudan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Yemen&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;28.5 million&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;As of December 2019&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Rwanda have won a Paralympic medal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few points that stand out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bolivia has appeared at the most Olympics (21) and the most Winter Olympics (6) of any country on the list.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Myanmar has appeared at the most Summer Olympics (18) of any country on the list.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bangladesh has the highest population of any country on the list.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-08-08T11:17:04.287" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T11:17:04.287" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-18T17:22:05.193" Score="1" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which Asian player has the most goals in Top 5 European leagues? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T03:56:23.067" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T17:12:22.850" Title="Which Asian player has the most goals in Top 5 European leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|top-five|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24408" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-18T18:07:20.007" Score="2" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the physics behind a knuckleball shot? What makes the ball to take such an unpredictable course?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T18:28:47.533" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T18:28:47.533" Title="How to hit a knuckleball shot in football?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24435" CreationDate="2019-12-18T18:55:53.367" Score="2" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am asking about the combined pool of prize money accumulated over a career. Which player has won the most in professional golf?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T06:08:32.367" Title="Which player has won the most prize money in professional golf?" Tags="|trivia|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24439" CreationDate="2019-12-18T19:40:35.533" Score="3" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which boxer has knocked out the most opponents in the boxing ring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T21:40:49.347" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T18:01:40.173" Title="Who holds the record for most knockouts in professional boxing?" Tags="|trivia|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24398" CreationDate="2019-12-18T20:15:07.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tXjek.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tXjek.png&quot; alt=&quot;Here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is an image of the data you request.  The rest is left as an exercise to the reader.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would seem I cannot view this by clicking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This information is readily available at Football Reference dot com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;additional info: only three kickers have made more than 1 60+ yard FG in their career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maher has made 3 (two this season), Greg Zuerlein has made 2 (three seasons apart), and Sebastian Janikowski has made 2 (two seasons apart).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, it has never happened otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T22:03:14.617" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T22:03:14.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24412" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-18T21:11:14.023" Score="1" ViewCount="499" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many matches in a row has a football player managed to score in Europe’s Top 5 Leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T01:16:09.287" LastActivityDate="2020-12-30T08:29:04.200" Title="What is the longest set of consecutive matches a player has managed to score in Europe’s top 5 Leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|top-five|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24407" CreationDate="2019-12-18T21:25:30.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_Bum-kun&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cha Bum-kun&lt;/a&gt; scored 98 goals in the Bundesliga, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_Heung-min&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Son Heung-min&lt;/a&gt; is likely to surpass this in the near future, having so far scored 88 goals (41 in the Bundesliga, 47 in the Premier League).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2019-12-20T17:12:22.850" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T17:12:22.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-18T21:51:29.267" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which player has the most goals from free kicks in professional football history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T06:06:19.713" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T10:12:30.930" Title="What is the greatest number of free kick goals scored by a player in professional football?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-03-11T11:03:55.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24415" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tag should be used for any questions about the Top Five or Big Five, the best five domestic football competitions in Europe, comprised of (alphabetically)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;English Premier League&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;French Ligue 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;German 1. Bundesliga&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Italian Serie A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spanish La Liga&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag should not be used for questions about similar groups in other sports or other regions. Appropriate tags should be found or created for them separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This tag should not be used when comparing only a subset of the five competitions or where any of the five competitions are excluded from consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24416" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" Score="0" Body="For questions about the Top Five or Big Five, considered the best five domestic football competitions in Europe." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T01:24:01.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24417" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-19T09:24:05.683" Score="1" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which football club in the world has spent the most amount of money over the past 10 years? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T09:39:12.460" LastActivityDate="2021-11-05T17:07:20.660" Title="Which football team has spent the most money buying players over the last decade?" Tags="|football|trivia|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24414" CreationDate="2019-12-19T10:12:30.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be the Brazilian player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juninho_Pernambucano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Juninho&lt;/a&gt;. His Wikipedia article, citing three separate sources, states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Noted for his bending free kicks, he is widely considered to be the greatest free kick-taker of all time &lt;strong&gt;and holds the record for the highest number of goals scored through free kicks with 75&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google brings up multiple sources, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://thefootballfaithful.com/players-most-free-kicks-scored-football-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, that credit him with 77 free-kick goals. Every article I can find, however, agrees that Juninho holds the record, regardless of what his total is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T10:12:30.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-19T13:45:05.593" Score="3" ViewCount="548" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA key has 4 hash marks on each side.  Three are required to separate the three players during a free throw. The fourth is situated close to the third.  What is the fourth one for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19417" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T16:54:08.093" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T04:18:22.693" Title="Markings on an NBA key" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-19T22:21:24.217" Score="2" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Chicago Cubs want to trade (away) third baseman Kris Bryant. One obstacle is Bryant's filing of a service time grievance. That calls into question the issue of of whether he has one or two years of team control left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One possibility is that a team offers X, Y, and a PTBNL (player to be named later) for Bryant. That &quot;player&quot; is actually one of two possibilities: a good player, Z, if the ruling is in the team's favor, and a fringe prospect if the ruling is in Bryant's favor. That covers both possibilities. That is, Chicago gets X and Y for one year of Bryant, and X, Y, and Z for two years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this possible? Has any trade been done like this in the past? Is there anything in major league baseball &quot;rules&quot; that would tend to prevent this going forward?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T22:21:24.217" Title="Is it possible to use a PTBNL in the following situation?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24412" CreationDate="2019-12-20T14:07:57.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerd Müller&lt;/a&gt; scored scored in 16 consecutive games in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1969–70&lt;/a&gt; season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;La Liga&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/a&gt; scored in 21 consecutive matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_La_Liga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012–13&lt;/a&gt; season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Ligue 1&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahid_Halilhod%C5%BEi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vahid Halilhodžić&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_French_Division_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984–85&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatan_Ibrahimovi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zlatan Ibrahimović&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Ligue_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015–16&lt;/a&gt;) both scored in nine games in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Premier League&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Vardy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Vardy&lt;/a&gt; holds record of scoring in 11 consecutive matches, he achieved this record in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015–16&lt;/a&gt; season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Serie A&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio_Quagliarella&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fabio Quagliarella&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Batistuta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gabriel Batistuta&lt;/a&gt; share the record of scoring in 11 consecutive games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Sources&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles of the individual players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga_records_and_statistics#Runs_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga records and statistics&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundesliga_records_and_statistics&amp;amp;oldid=931532256#Runs_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_and_statistics_in_Spain#Individual_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football records and statistics in Spain&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Football_records_and_statistics_in_Spain&amp;amp;oldid=931365459#Individual_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League_records_and_statistics#Goals_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League records and statistics&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_League_records_and_statistics&amp;amp;oldid=930866013#Goals_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_records_and_statistics_in_Italy#Goalscoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football records and statistics in Italy&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Football_records_and_statistics_in_Italy&amp;amp;oldid=931594372#Goalscoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ligue_1_records_and_statistics#Goalscoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Ligue 1 records and statistics&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Ligue_1_records_and_statistics&amp;amp;oldid=893480503#Goalscoring&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;UEFA: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=2062223.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Longest goalscoring runs in Europe's top leagues&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20190424083224/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/news/newsid=2062223.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) (November 2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;BBC: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34953098&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Vardy breaks record for goals in consecutive games&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20191212140704/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34953098&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) (November 2015)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bleacher Report: &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2733786-chronicling-records-that-neymar-and-kylian-mbappe-could-break-this-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chronicling Records That Neymar and Kylian Mbappe Could Break This Season&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20191222081942/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2733786-chronicling-records-that-neymar-and-kylian-mbappe-could-break-this-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) (September 2017)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-longest-ever-goalscoring-runs-in-the-major-european-leagues-314482&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The longest ever goalscoring runs in the major European leagues&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20171226072950/http://www.besoccer.com/new/the-longest-ever-goalscoring-runs-in-the-major-european-leagues-314482&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) (October 2017)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-12-30T08:29:04.200" LastActivityDate="2020-12-30T08:29:04.200" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-12-20T14:07:57.613" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24427" CreationDate="2019-12-20T15:01:13.293" Score="0" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2006, LaDanian Tomlinson set the record for total touchdowns scored (rushing and receiving) at 31.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would need to happen to eclipse this mark?  I'm wondering about the attributes of the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am assuming that it would be a running back, and not a receiving skill player.  I am assuming also that there is something about LaDanian's size, frame, and running style that made this record possible.  The other names at the top of this list are Shaun Alexander, Priest Holmes, Marshall Faulk, and Emmitt Smith.  Is it that they are all, for lack of a better descriptor, 'bowling-ball' runners - strong and hard to tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way to answer this would be that this mark won't be eclipsed again, due to injury and the runningback-by-committee approach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2019-12-20T18:17:06.443" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T01:05:53.223" Title="What would have to happen to break LaDanian Tomlinson's 2006 season, 31 touchdown record?" Tags="|nfl|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-12-23T19:51:16.033" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12728" CreationDate="2019-12-20T23:24:14.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL and presumably in most football leagues, the goal lines, yard lines, and hash marks are all four inches wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inbound lines are that way, but the goal lines are eight inches wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hash marks/yard lines are painted at 36-inch intervals; that is, they are 32 inches apart so that they mark exactly one yard each. Easy enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, doesn't this make the field between goal lines exactly 99 yards and 32 inches from goal line to goal line? It is less than one hundred yards, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.  While the individual yard markers are centered on the measured distance, the goal lines are drawn outside the measured distance.  This means that there is a greater distance between the 1 yard marker and the goal line than there is between the 1 and 2 yard markers.  To within the precision of the measurement and the marking, it should be 100 yards between the inside edges of the goal lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL plan drawing from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt; shows the goal lines and end lines (thick white lines) are outside the dimensions of the playing field (thin black lines).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e4eKY.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e4eKY.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the yard lines on the field are centered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IdMf4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IdMf4.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T00:34:20.670" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24423" CreationDate="2019-12-21T00:58:33.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no attributes for a player.   There needs to be a dominant offense, a dominant defense, and an offensive coordinator that likes to run near the goal line.  And the coach can't have too much trust in their QB because RBs scoring receiving TDs is more &quot;luck&quot; than skill.  And then add on a bit of luck on a player lasting close to 16 games... maybe on the health concerns you can discriminate against the smallest and biggest 10-15% as they are more likely to get hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So four of the guys heavily benefited from Norv Turner/Marty Schottenheimer/Dick Vermeil/Sauners or their direct disciples LT, Holmes, Faulk and Emmitt.  These guys would run the ball every play if the defense didn't blitz.   They for sure hated throwing the ball near goal line.   And to make it the perfect situation(s) in Dallas and San Diego, both teams had good QBs but not great and definitely not trusted around the goal line as a stud.   If you were playing fantasy football 20 years ago, you drafted the RBs these coaches were coaching early.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shaun's was about the same.   Holmgren has always been a run in the redzone guy.  Him and Favre got in fights because Favre loved stat padding on 1 yard TD throws (stat check but Favre has to be on the all-time list for 3 yard and less TD throws).   So Holmgren plus Hasselbeck means big numbers for Shaun.   Let's not forget that during Shaun's three big years the Seahawks had THE BEST offensive line in football with two future HOFers (at least two).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Faulk's big season is easier.   It was a top 5 offensive line and maybe the best offense ever in the NFL (adjusted for year).   Faulk just had a ton of chances and didn't get hurt.   Martz/Vermeil did throw it a ton around the goal line, so it made the runs even easier for Faulk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going back to LT he was on a run first team that had a great offensive line and two pro-bowl skill players that were known for blocking - O'Neal/Gates.   But LT was arguably the best goal line runner ever.   He set records at TCU before coming to the NFL.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to break the record you need a lot of help from coaches and teammates and probably need to be one of the best ever at RB.   LT in the list you had was the best all around back, Faulk may have been a better receiver but wasn't close as a runner... and maybe Emmitt is equal as a runner but no way at receiver.   Also didn't LT throw 2 TDs that year (I had him on my fantasy teams - draft Marty backs- so yea I know he did).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; This record could be broke again.   You are exactly missing it with the reasoning that it can't.   It might be harder now.   The issue is that the NFL has made passing easier.   This means more passing TDs so less running ones.   But the biggest issue is the offensive line.   If you are a road grating OL you aren't as valuable in today's NFL.   Passing is easier so GMs are more likely to draft a two-point stance 6-8&quot; guy with super long arms than a 6-4&quot; guy that will bowl people over.   The 49ers are a good example this year.   They run the ball really well and if they had a HOF back maybe he gets 20-25 TDs total... they purposely went out and got all of the smaller leftovers that can run block that other GMs didn't want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2019-12-21T01:05:53.223" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T01:05:53.223" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24428" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-21T06:09:33.930" Score="5" ViewCount="500" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the benefit of hindsight, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Trout&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mike Trout&lt;/a&gt; has been the best baseball player of his &amp;quot;generation,&amp;quot; if not of all time. Yet, one would not know this from his &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Major_League_Baseball_draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draft history.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was the 25th draft pick in his class (2009), and was actually drafted by the Angels behind Randal Grichuk (the team had two back to back &amp;quot;compensation&amp;quot; picks). He was a first round pick but just barely, because he was actually the Angels' &amp;quot;second&amp;quot; choice. Normally, a very talented player would be drafted in the &amp;quot;top five,&amp;quot; because scouts, coaches and commentators would be all over him. A 20-something draft pick is normally a talented player, but one that teams have doubts about, someone like St. Louis' Kolten Wong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A talented second baseman named Dustin Pedroia was picked by the Boston Red Sox late in the second round. Teams overlooked him because he was &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; (5'7&amp;quot;) for a baseball player. But Trout (over six feet tall, over 200 pounds) had no such disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How was Trout perceived &lt;em&gt;prior&lt;/em&gt; to the draft? Was he considered &amp;quot;standard strong&amp;quot; but lacking a &amp;quot;hook,&amp;quot; that would have put him in the top five or ten at the time he was picked?&amp;quot; Did he have &amp;quot;hidden&amp;quot; talents/skills that became apparent only after he was drafted? Were there concerns about him that proved to be &amp;quot;irrelevant&amp;quot; when he actually started playing? (These are reasons that high potential players go in the 20s (or higher numbers) overall rather than in the top five or ten.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2021-08-27T18:41:25.730" LastActivityDate="2022-11-25T16:41:11.307" Title="What caused &quot;everyone&quot; to overlook Mike Trout in the draft?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|draft|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24428" CreationDate="2019-12-22T19:53:09.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the major things that would make Mike Trout a passed up on draft opportunity would have been his age. Trout was just 18 at the time of the draft and just finished high school. He was a split sport athlete playing both baseball and basketball. He had committed to play at East Carolina University, a Division I school however not a team necessarily known for their MLB level player production, although they have a few players who have been drafted (a total of 20 players drafted since the inception of the draft in 1965). Due to his draft pick he never actually played any college baseball. Likely this low level of experience and long-term investment made him seem less appealing to teams. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T19:53:09.130" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24433" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24511" CreationDate="2019-12-22T22:10:14.017" Score="0" ViewCount="1179" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyheim_Hines&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nyheim hines&lt;/a&gt; of the Indianapolis Colts returned 2 punts for touchdowns in the week 16 game of the 2019-20 season against the Carolina Panthers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many players have returned multiple punts for touchdown in the NFL history? Please list the athletes, and the games this was achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-12-24T18:50:20.783" LastActivityDate="2023-01-08T22:16:21.940" Title="NFL players with multiple punt return touchdowns in a game" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24438" CreationDate="2019-12-23T01:10:41.587" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to identify a game on which Christina Aguilera sang the National Anthem, as appears &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDf-uxjIZj0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on this video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've got 3 leads:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The video title says it was on 1999.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2q2ul&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another version&lt;/a&gt; of this video (whose title also says it's a 1999 game), the commentator says the game takes place in Anaheim.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We can see the blurry players' uniforms:  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yVTTk.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yVTTk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you identify this game, or at least identify some more clues that would help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19427" LastEditorUserId="19427" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T20:02:21.430" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T19:52:45.900" Title="What was this NHL match, possibly in 1999, where the National Anthem was sung by Christina Aguilera?" Tags="|history|nhl|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24409" CreationDate="2019-12-23T10:41:47.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.110.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the PGA Tour&lt;/a&gt;, the answer is, indeed, Tiger Woods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tiger Woods,     $120,459,468&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Phil Mickelson,  $90,761,239&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Furyk,       $71,234,957&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vijay Singh,     $71,216,128&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dustin Johnson,  $61,755,908&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19428" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T06:08:32.367" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T06:08:32.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24417" CreationDate="2019-12-23T16:35:42.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manchester City has spent the most in football transfers in this decade followed by Barcelona, Chelsea, Juventus, PSG and Real Madrid. Although the net transfers are completely different. Here is a link to the total net transfers done by the clubs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.in/transfers/einnahmenausgaben/statistik/plus/0?ids=a&amp;amp;sa=&amp;amp;saison_id=2010&amp;amp;saison_id_bis=2019&amp;amp;land_id=&amp;amp;nat=&amp;amp;pos=&amp;amp;altersklasse=&amp;amp;w_s=&amp;amp;leihe=&amp;amp;intern=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Highest net Transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12169" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T18:08:27.683" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T18:08:27.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24434" CreationDate="2019-12-23T17:04:55.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your fact finding of it taking place in Anaheim is correct based on announcers. I think it is safe to assume based on uniform colors that the team on the far side is the Ducks. They featured a light color top home jersey at that time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Placing an identification on the opposing team is more difficult given video quality. Based on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/MDA/2000_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; schedule, it would appear that there were 20 home games that took place in the year 1999 in the 99-00 season. This also could have been in latter half of the 1998-99  season, found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/MDA/1999_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. That season featured 24 home games for the Ducks, with an additional 2 postseason games versus the Detroit Redwings. So a total of 46 NHL games were played there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the jersey colors, I believe the opposing team is the Philadelphia Flyers. The light strip across the neckline appears in only 2 jerseys that have a dark body and light number, Philadelphia and Tampa Bay. Tampa Bay, however, features a large white block on the bottom portion of the jersey which would be seen clearly even with poor video quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They only played @ Anaheim once in the year 1999 across the two seasons, which was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/199911030MDA.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; game on November 3, 1999. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside from the jersey aspect, the &quot;goalie matchup&quot; comment at the end of your second video link would support this. The Anaheim goalie Dominic Roussel had posted the highest save percentage of his season in October, winning both games in which he appeared. Philadelphia's netminder John Vanbiesbrouck closed out 12th overall for the season and posted a .908 save percentage in the month of October. This would mean that the goaltender matchup would have been considered a meeting between two strong players at that point in the season, supporting this theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore I believe this took place a the game between PHI and MDA on November 3, 1999.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:29:28.903" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:29:28.903" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24410" CreationDate="2019-12-23T17:55:14.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is some debate between Archie Moore and Billy Bird as the record holder for most KOs in a career. Bird landed 138 knockouts in his time, with 22 dealt to him. Moore KO'd 131 with only 7 knockouts dealt to himself. Ultimately it is accepted that Billy Bird holds this record with some unofficial fights also rumored to have taken place during his time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goliath.com/sports/10-boxing-records-that-will-probably-never-be-broken/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt;report discusses the official record but the argument that Moore's achievement could be considered greater based on opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:55:14.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24362" CreationDate="2019-12-23T18:31:23.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most likely reason is the rights which UFC holds to their fights and all the content and instances which take place in the fight. Most major UFC fights are Pay per view or sold commercially. However, UFC &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/3/19/18272292/ufcs-new-exclusive-pay-per-view-deal-with-espn-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recently contracted with ESPN+&lt;/a&gt; to use their streaming service as a PPV option for fans. I doubt this will influence what highlights are shown, however. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, they want people to pay to watch the good parts of the fight, such as those knockouts or takedowns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T18:31:23.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24329" CreationDate="2019-12-23T20:30:24.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the NCAA 2018-19 season Statistician &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Basketball/2019EZ.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;manual&lt;/a&gt; Section 1 Article 6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blocked shots are counted as attempts when, in the opinion of the statistician, the ball clearly was in  flight before being blocked; the player was in the obvious act of shooting with the shooting hand moving toward the basket; or the player was airborne and moving toward the basket with the intention of a dunk or layup and the ball in position for the shot. If there is doubt about whether the player was in the act of shooting, the interpretation shall be that he or she was not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 6 of the same document outlines a steal as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A steal is credited to a player when the player’s positive, aggressive action(s), which includes contact with the ball, causes a turnover by an opponent. This may be accomplished by: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A. Taking the ball away from an opponent in control of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B. Getting a hand on the ball in control by an opponent and causing a&#xA;  held ball to be called, and having his or her team be awarded the ball&#xA;  for a throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;C. Batting a ball in control by an opponent to a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;D. Batting a ball in control by an opponent away from and off the&#xA;  opponent and out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;E. Intercepting an opponent’s pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;F. Deflecting an opponent’s pass to a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;G. Deflecting an opponent’s pass away from and o  an op- ponent and&#xA;  out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the finding that a block is defined specifically in the context of the act of taking shot, this would ultimately be defined as solely a block/blocked shot by the statistician even if possession was changed to the defending team. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T20:30:24.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24433" CreationDate="2019-12-24T15:23:57.133" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 1994, this has happened 10 times (same player, same game, returned 2 punts for touchdown).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why since 1994?  Because that is what is offered on Football Reference dot com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-04-12T12:41:35.977" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T12:41:35.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24375" CreationDate="2019-12-25T03:01:31.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you hit high topspin balls, try to make your opponent run around. I.e. hit the ball where your opponent isn’t, and try to force errors out of her. Take advantage of her attacking shots, and hit back deep balls. Like @Arrow said, focus on the neutral game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19434" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T03:01:31.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24458" CreationDate="2019-12-28T20:57:13.393" Score="4" ViewCount="618" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the past, soccer players could switch national teams almost as they wished. For example, Alfredo Di Stéfano played for the official all ages argentine, colombian and spanish national teams. Later, FIFA set more restrictions, so in situations like the one of Lionel Messi, the Argentine Football Association wanted him to play for the Under 20 argentine national team, so he wouldnt be eligible for other national teams. But after that, players like Juan Iturbe played for the paraguayan U-20, later for the argentine U-20, and finally for the official all ages paraguayan national team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In which situations is a soccer player allowed to switch national teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2019-12-29T04:02:29.120" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T12:40:04.603" Title="In which situations is a soccer player allowed to switch national teams?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24455" CreationDate="2019-12-29T12:40:04.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, the rules regarding this are pretty simple. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-statutes-5-august-2019-en.pdf?cloudid=ggyamhxxv8jrdfbekrrm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Statutes (2019)&lt;/a&gt; under the &lt;em&gt;Regulations Governing the Application of the Statutes&lt;/em&gt; - Article 5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Any person holding a permanent nationality that is not dependent on&#xA;  residence in a certain country is eligible to play for the representative&#xA;  teams of the association of that country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; With the exception of the conditions specified in article 8 below, &lt;strong&gt;any&#xA;  player who has already participated in a match (either in full or in part)&#xA;  in an official competition of any category or any type of football for one&#xA;  association may not play an international match for a representative team&#xA;  of another association.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if a player has represented a nation under the terms of a competitive match (ie a tournament, or qualification for a tournament), they cannot then play for another nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, this doesn't appear to apply for non-senior age ranges, so you could play for Argentina U-20 in the U-20 World Cup, but then still play for the Paraguay senior team at the senior World Cup, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one main exception to this, as noted in Article 8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; If a player who has been fielded by his association in an international&#xA;  match in accordance with art. 5 par. 2 &lt;strong&gt;permanently loses the nationality&#xA;  of that country without his consent or against his will due to a decision by&#xA;  a government authority, he may request permission to play for another&#xA;  association&lt;/strong&gt; whose nationality he already has or has acquired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player &lt;em&gt;has not&lt;/em&gt; represented an Association in a competitive match, then they may switch which Association they represent, assuming they can claim nationality for the Association (see below), under Article 8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; If a player has more than one nationality, or if a player acquires a new&#xA;  nationality, or if a player is eligible to play for several representative teams&#xA;  due to nationality, he may, &lt;strong&gt;only once&lt;/strong&gt;, request to change the association&#xA;  for which he is eligible to play international matches to the association of&#xA;  another country of which he holds nationality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Claiming Nationalities is explained in Articles 6 and 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 6 covers players that are eligible to play for more than one Association because of their nationality. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, being British would allow a player to be able to play for either England, Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, as long as they also meet at least one of the following criteria:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a)&lt;/strong&gt; He was born on the territory of the relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;b)&lt;/strong&gt; His biological mother or biological father was born on the territory of&#xA;  the relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;c)&lt;/strong&gt; His grandmother or grandfather was born on the territory of the&#xA;  relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;d)&lt;/strong&gt; He has lived continuously on the territory of the relevant association for&#xA;  at least two years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 7 covers players wanting to claim a &lt;em&gt;new&lt;/em&gt; nationality. Players must meet at least one of the following criteria to qualify:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a)&lt;/strong&gt; He was born on the territory of the relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;b)&lt;/strong&gt; His biological mother or biological father was born on the territory of&#xA;  the relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;c)&lt;/strong&gt; His grandmother or grandfather was born on the territory of the&#xA;  relevant association;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;d)&lt;/strong&gt; He has lived continuously for at least five years after reaching the age&#xA;  of 18 on the territory of the relevant association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T12:40:04.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24493" CreationDate="2019-12-29T21:14:55.860" Score="1" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the Intentional Grounding (American Football) criteria listed on Wikipedia.  According to the given criteria I think the following would be intentional grounding although I've never seen it called that way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;QB is under pressure in the pocket&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lone WR on one side of field steps out of bounds and does not reestablish (foot barely on the line for a few steps, say)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;QB throws ball to WR (maybe he even catches it)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the WR is ineligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the American game, once the play has started, eligible receivers can become ineligible depending on how the play develops. Any eligible receiver that goes out of bounds is no longer an eligible receiver and cannot receive a forward pass, unless that player re-establishes by taking three steps in bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eligible_receiver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore since the QB is under immediate threat and in the pocket, it should be intentional grounding, even though the QB is not &quot;intentionally&quot; throwing the ball away necessarily, no?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19303" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T13:27:16.383" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T17:50:49.467" Title="Intentional grounding when receiver has stepped out of bounds" Tags="|rules|american-football|quarterback|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-30T00:27:35.903" Score="0" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a super over, can a bowler who did not bowl during the match bowl? or only those bowlers who bowled during the match are allowed to bowl super over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19453" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2019-12-30T01:38:47.427" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T18:53:39.450" Title="Can a bowler who did not bowl during the match bowl in super over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24459" CreationDate="2019-12-30T21:39:51.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going off of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/#section-2-intentional-grounding&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL Rulebook - Rule 8, Section 2: Intentional Grounding&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. DEFINITION&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a foul for intentional grounding if a passer, facing an imminent loss of yardage because of pressure from the defense, throws a forward pass without a realistic chance of completion. A realistic chance of completion is defined as a pass that is thrown in the direction of and lands in &lt;strong&gt;the vicinity of an originally eligible receiver&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately there is no elaboration of what &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;an originally eligible receiver&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; is, but I would presume this is to be interpreted as a receiver that is declared eligible at the start of the down. Therefore, it does not appear that a receiver stepping out of bounds has an effect on whether the QB is penalised for Intentional Grounding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T21:39:51.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24460" CreationDate="2019-12-30T21:59:48.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As long as they are part of the playing XI (including any made concussion substitutes), they should be able to bowl, as there does not appear to be any rules stating against this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2019/10/29/c0d123ae-1ccc-4302-8807-453735fcca6d/ICC-Men-s-T20I-Playing-Conditions-SO-Update-Oct-2019.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ICC T20I Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;*:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Only nominated players in the match (including activated concussion replacements) may participate in the Super Over.&lt;/strong&gt; Should any player (including the batsmen and bowler) be unable to continue to participate in the Super Over due to injury, illness or other wholly acceptable reasons, the relevant Playing Conditions as they apply in the match shall also apply in the Super Over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, the fielding team are highly likely to pick their best bowler for the Super Over, so in all likelyhood, they would have already bowled... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* It appears that the ICC have only updated the T20I Playing Conditions documents with the new Super Over rules, though I would imagine that the same Super Over rules will also apply to ODIs too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2019-12-31T18:53:39.450" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T18:53:39.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24466" CreationDate="2019-12-30T23:43:37.317" Score="0" ViewCount="846" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this video, tv sports journalist Maldini claims in the 1958 World Cup, Raymond Kopa was chosen the best player of the World Cup over Didi, Pelé, Garrincha and Vavá.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQjiXuhHlSk&amp;amp;t=10m23s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Best 11 soccer players of France (spanish)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in this article, it's claimed that Didi received the golden ball award of the 1958 world cup, an award which is supposedly given to the best player of the world cup, and which its existence before 1978 is in debate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A teenage Pele was only denied the Golden Ball at in 1958 by team-mate&#xA;Didi&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2573020/100-World-Cup-heroes-60-41-Sportsmails-countdown-continues-Bergkamp-Milla-Batistuta-Banks.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;100 World cup heroes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who was chosen the best soccer player of the 1958 World Cup, Didi or Raymond Kopa?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2023-02-05T19:40:00.663" LastActivityDate="2023-02-05T19:40:00.663" Title="Who was chosen the best soccer player of the 1958 world cup, Didi or Raymond Kopa?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24465" CreationDate="2019-12-31T04:24:08.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Didi was given it.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Golden Ball award for best player was not officially given (in its current form) until 1982. Awards from before this time may be somewhat disputable, but nevertheless...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=63855/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA's official website&lt;/a&gt; lists Didi as the recipient of the 1958 (and 1962) World Cup Golden Ball awards. One may presume that the organization responsible for the event knows who was awarded what.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174677/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The same source&lt;/a&gt; lists Raymond Kopa as receiving the &quot;France Football Ballon d'Or - FIFA World Player Gala&quot; as well. This is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; the World Cup Golden Ball award. Either Maldini is confused about the names, has used an alternative inaccurate source, or made up the claim themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-31T04:30:45.277" LastActivityDate="2019-12-31T04:30:45.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20822" CreationDate="2019-12-31T19:17:09.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Upon further research, I found the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new-england-patriots/post/_/id/4673681/nfl-rules-on-filling-roster-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; (though it is from 2010) that states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Clubs participating in the playoffs are permitted to sign free agents throughout the postseason, but are limited to a total of four free agent signings, including players on other clubs' Practice Squads, during the period that begins at 4 p.m., New York time, on the Wednesday after the final regular season weekend.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is partially true because ANY team can sign FA's during the playoffs, Cincy just claimed Tony Brown who the Pack cut Saturday but it doesn't become official until after the SB! Any team can pick up FA players, not just those teams in the Playoffs. And teams are limited to 2 players a week and 4 total players they can sign in the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19460" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T16:11:55.227" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T16:11:55.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-31T21:22:23.453" Score="0" ViewCount="4581" Body="&lt;p&gt;A ball above head height of an upright standing striker is by definition unfair. But if a batsman hits that ball, is it still a no ball, and is the bowler warned for a dangerous delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19461" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2019-12-31T21:56:55.163" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T21:03:53.363" Title="No ball for being too high, but the ball is played by the batsman" Tags="|rules|cricket|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-01T00:56:14.727" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;To illustrate what I'm thinking of: suppose Alice and Bob are the two best players in the world at [sport]. They regularly meet in tournament finals where their matches are like a coin flip - each wins about 50% of the time. However, in major championship finals, Alice somehow always beats Bob. She's been crowned the World Champion five consecutive years in a row, beating Bob each time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sixth time around, Alice decides that Bob (with whom she is good friends) deserves the title as much as she does, so she concedes the final, effectively making Bob champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if this has ever happened before in any sport. Presumably, Bob never winning the championship would be a pity; on the other hand winning the championship by concession sounds like a very disappointing way to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest I know is in Magic: the Gathering, which is a card game. The tournaments use the Swiss matchmaking system, and at the end of all the rounds, there is a &quot;cut to the top 8&quot; where the top 8 players contest knockout matches. Conceding prior to the top 8 to a friend who still has a chance to reach top 8 is quite common (&lt;a href=&quot;http://magic.tcgplayer.com/db/article.asp?ID=15631&amp;amp;writer=Craig%20Wescoe&amp;amp;articledate=12-25-2019&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With two rounds remaining, I knew I was locked for Top 8 and so my focus shifted to trying to secure the top seed so that I could choose to play first in game one of each of the Top 8 rounds. After doing some math, I realized I would be a lock for at least the second seed even with a loss and a draw. I also noticed that among the nine players with three losses, almost all of them were friends of mine. So at that point I made the decision to concede to whomever I was paired against in round 15. The pairings would then basically act as a random generator to decide who gets a free win into the Top 8. Andrejs Prost ended up winning said lottery and I followed through with my decision and scooped him into a position where he could draw into Top 8 in the final round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any concessions in the top 8 itself, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastEditorUserId="17324" LastEditDate="2020-01-08T11:59:15.110" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T11:59:15.110" Title="Has there ever been a championship conceded for friendship reasons?" Tags="|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22992" CreationDate="2020-01-02T03:19:45.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIBA it is not a foul to play the ball with an open palm. If you make only contact with the ball there is no foul. If you also make contact with the player before or after contacting the ball a foul situation arises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T03:19:45.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24473" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-02T10:48:28.620" Score="1" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say a batter initially strikes the ball, it lands near his or her feet, bounces and heads towards the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter is lawfully allowed to hit the ball again in this case to protect the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But can the batter be out caught off this second hit, say by the wicket keeper or another close in fielder, given that the ball has previously bounced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw this nearly happen just now in an Australian BBL game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s the hit the ball twice law: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/hit-the-ball-twice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/hit-the-ball-twice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19464" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T15:56:19.447" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T15:56:19.447" Title="Can a batter be given out caught off second hit in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24473" CreationDate="2020-01-02T10:54:20.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is “no”; from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 33 (Caught)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;33.2.2.2 a fielder catches the ball after it has been lawfully struck more than once by the striker, but only if it has not been grounded since it was first struck.  See Law 34 (Hit the ball twice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19464" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-05-31T13:46:11.483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T13:46:11.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24475" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-02T18:35:42.980" Score="2" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ED93p.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ED93p.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Why do some sports media and broadcasters (eg Sky Sports) routinely abbreviate Southampton FC to So’ton when they don’t abbreviate other, longer club names? For example, take the PL fixtures from this weekend: So’ton v Tottenham on the one hand but Norwich City v Crystal Palace on the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19465" LastEditorUserId="19465" LastEditDate="2020-01-03T19:27:40.627" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T08:22:26.880" Title="So’ton abbreviation" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4599" CreationDate="2020-01-04T00:03:38.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is possible : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/aerialvideomaui/?__tn__=kC-R&amp;amp;eid=ARDuS5DIH2JsE3w0SC45uiEGIprygjn5Wb4Ea16xapBF1U9pq-DwN_F6DXvVUizA7teLjTAPIUhL7OJB&amp;amp;hc_ref=ARSndn1vC9ww0c-pkGO45ftMwQ9lb_G6pucYvsAvhvAlWk2PEfwzP4ndK48_I8nHdFU&amp;amp;fref=nf&amp;amp;__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARAXLdhjK8x4O9PdR8Qd1R-KLZhSHHhGY28iwrXuVA3IN1X5JAEoR1ExjlZz4RB8gaiCVC31UGRJaSYJ7OgSBiqBAq6XT3maBhaS9_OkfrlcCmtHchg96HEEj6v3NIoHp99UQYpMGvg_7OS3cB-OITxHC3xCG03G6jlsbyLRu3GA6E3ZJcd1KNJodiwPU60GZTTQamimf3Gk3tUN8cUhyzs_vqZ3J-kACkUnoebJ-Tll3WidsZu0Si7nMZhei4REh8-jRrO4dUQlzbJ388DhC2KuwpEaYjmvs1FjwbtCSH9sshpuCfLR-cVHI_bCFUNZqBdWTngWqE83ZiPZ-d-HVVeq2Fqy4Y8CPZYAOw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A windsurfer getting barreled? kai_lenny making it happen for the first time at Pe’ahi!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3635" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T00:03:38.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-04T07:24:53.343" Score="0" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/T75nF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;A is crossed the crease and B is crossed half of the pitch. Run-out happening in A's side.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then who is out, A or B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19469" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-10T01:01:15.573" LastActivityDate="2020-01-10T14:04:50.593" Title="Who is out after a run-out in Cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24475" CreationDate="2020-01-04T08:22:26.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If this were something that happened consistently on all platform, it would be safe to assume that it is an official abbreviation that the team prefers to use. However, in the given case, and judging from the way you have framed the question, this is not something that happens consistently, instead differs from platform to platform. Therefore, it is safe to assume that is is a &quot;design decision&quot; by the people who are running the platform under consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9622" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T08:22:26.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24480" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24481" CreationDate="2020-01-04T18:34:58.500" Score="2" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;While playing badminton, is it a fault if the racket asses above net (doesn't touches it) in the follow through action?provided that it touches shuttle in my side itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read in some blogs that it is not a fault, but I didn't find anything concrete. Can anyone point to official rules? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14625" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-04T22:00:29.517" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T13:01:20.573" Title="In Badminton, can the racket pass above the net in follow through?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24480" CreationDate="2020-01-04T23:30:27.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Crossing the net with the racket after hitting it on your side is allowed, as laid out in §13.4.2 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;laws of badminton&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It shall be a fault, if in play, a player invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except that the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke after the initial point of&#xA;  contact with the shuttle is on the striker’s side of the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T13:01:20.573" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T13:01:20.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24482" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-05T02:39:28.263" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the largest deficit overcome against the New England Patriots in the Bill Belichick era? I have searched all over the Internet and cannot find a clear answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19472" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T07:25:52.253" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T23:15:58.510" Title="Largest comeback against Bill Belichick Patriots" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24483" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-05T11:05:02.233" Score="2" ViewCount="522" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, what is the rule when both the team score equally indefinitely in kicks from the penalty mark?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they keep going and going or will they toss or something to decide the winner? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19473" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-05T21:32:58.240" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T21:39:41.727" Title="What happens if kicks from the penalty mark are drawn indefinitely?" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24483" CreationDate="2020-01-05T13:26:06.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they will continue, even if all players have taken a penalty kick. The procedure is described e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)#Procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If after five rounds of kicks the teams have an equal number of successful kicks, additional rounds of one kick each will be used until one team scores and the other misses. This is known as sudden death.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T13:26:06.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24483" CreationDate="2020-01-05T21:39:41.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Laws Of The Game are unambiguous. Law 10.3, Kicks from the penalty mark, says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If, after both teams have taken five kicks, the scores are level, kicks continue until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same number of kicks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no exception and no other criteria. The game ends when one team has scored more than the other, no matter how long that takes. Competitions are not permitted to choose any other methods except those in the laws, so changing the process would be illegitimate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;National FAs have the option to approve different modifications for different competitions - there is no requirement to apply them universally or to apply them all. &lt;strong&gt;However, no other modifications are allowed without the permission of The IFAB.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;emphasis in original.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-01-05T21:39:41.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2020-01-06T02:58:14.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are a couple which are mainly USA. They do have race information from around the world, particularly if a horse is entering a Kentucky Derby prep race or other big graded stakes event:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.equibase.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Equibase.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.brisnet.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brisnet.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.drf.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DRF.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbetting3.com/kentucky-derby-betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source Cited&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19476" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T02:58:14.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24489" CreationDate="2020-01-06T03:17:35.293" Score="0" ViewCount="2034" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say hypothetically, a team scored a touchdown but putting them ahead only 1 point late in the 4th quarter and kicking an extra point would only add an additional point. To take time away from the opposing team, can the holder just spike the ball to run the clock further down or is that a live ball? I know a 2 point conversion would tie the game, but also during this scenario, let's pretend this type of conversion doesn't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="189" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-17T23:43:25.857" LastActivityDate="2022-01-24T21:00:25.657" Title="Can You Down The Ball During an Extra Point?" Tags="|american-football|tactics|game-time|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24488" CreationDate="2020-01-06T06:28:45.547" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Spiking the ball stops the game clock from running in general. Perhaps you're thinking of taking a knee as it's done at the end of games to kill the clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the clock doesn't run during the extra point attempts (both for kicks and for 2 point conversions). So teams scoring a point cannot kill more time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see references to game clock not running &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_management#Rules_for_the_game_clock&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... the clock does not run during or after a conversion attempt in the NFL or NCAA college football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_(gridiron_football)#Differences_between_leagues&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In American football, the game clock does not run during an extra-point attempt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-06T06:41:15.427" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T06:41:15.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24459" CreationDate="2020-01-07T07:27:02.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;ImClarky has the rule established for grounding but this has nothing to do with your question.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply either Wikipedia or your interpretation of Wikipedia is incorrect.   A receiver who steps out of bounds (let's clearly talk about NFL since this varies in high school and college) &lt;strong&gt;IS AN ELIGIBLE RECEIVER&lt;/strong&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A receiver stepping out of bounds does not become ineligible.   The easier way to think about this is if this were true and the receiver stepped out and was more than 1 yard downfield he would be an illegal man downfield.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is eligible and if he touches the ball first (without any tip) then and only then is it an illegal touch.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think about this too.   A lineman can have an illegal touch if they are the first to touch a forward pass.   That is an automatic penalty because they are an ineligible receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An eligible receiver who steps out of bounds on has three outcomes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They are not the first to touch the pass therefore they play as normal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They are the first to touch a pass and do not catch it.  Then it is illegal touching yet the outcome is the same as the incomplete pass.   The reason this isn't a &quot;dead&quot; foul like it used to be is that it give the defense the opportunity to play the ball the rest of the play - so if PLAYER A steps out of bounds and touches the pass first and bobbles it, then PLAYER B from the other team can regain possession or whatever is advantageous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Player runs out of bounds, first to touch it, and catches it.   If illegal touching is accepted here then it is a repeat of the same down from original line of scrimmage (as long as player has reestablished themselves inbounds).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To further your question to make this more thorough...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take an actual ineligible receiver.   Also let's make this real world so we don't have non-sense ideas that make it too complex.   So a team lines up in trips to the right and the middle and the outside WR both line up on the line unbeknownst to them.   The middle WR would be ineligible to go downfield as he is not the end on the line.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL's definition is simply if the QB is in the pocket they have to throw the ball with some sort of reasonable chance of a completion.   I know there is wording that states that it must be an eligible receiver but the broader definition is the spirit of the rule.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario #1&lt;/strong&gt;   QB hits middle receiver who is ineligible on a slant route on a normal pass play.   Not grounding.   QB not under duress and not trying to save yards throwing the ball away.   For sure not grounding, definitely illegal man downfield or illegal formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario #2&lt;/strong&gt;  QB is about to get sacked.   Throws the ball 3 yards over the head of the middle WR.   This would be one of those plays, that if it happened in the playoffs would create a need for better wording on the IG rule.   However I have seen ref sessions where this example has come up.   According to the spirit of the rule this should not be intentional grounding as the QB was making a reasonable attempt at a completion.   Basically the referee has to assess if the QB thought the receiver was ineligible or not.   In this case it is clear that the QB would deem this receiver to be eligible.   No grounding, again illegal man downfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scenario #3&lt;/strong&gt;  Team is running a screen pass.  The offensive line lets the defensive line through and curls to block out to the right.   The runningback runs his route to the wrong side.   The QB starts back pedaling because he can't find the runningback.   As the defensive line closes in on him there are several offensive lineman 3-5 yards downfield already.   QB tosses the ball right beside one of their feet - beyond the line of scrimmage and near the player.   Now this &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; grounding as the QB under no circumstance could have thought the offensive lineman were eligible (doesn't matter if the throw was an accident).   Since there wasn't an eligible receiver in the vicinity the defensive team gets to choose between illegal man downfield and intentional grounding.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2020-01-07T17:50:49.467" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T17:50:49.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24488" CreationDate="2020-01-07T07:45:08.417" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they can down it or even spike it and as mentioned in the other answer the clock does not run on extra points.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However a note and this has already happened multiple times in NFL games after 2 point conversion was added - in the situation you outlined a coach would be foolish to do anything but have their QB take a knee.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A two point conversion might help them extend to 3 points but is risky... but a kick is just plain dumb.   Kicking for 1 point to give yourself a 2 point lead with just a little time left on the clock is useless.   If you would get the kick blocked and returned that is 2 points going the other way and you lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T07:45:08.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24542" CreationDate="2020-01-07T09:35:14.313" Score="9" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;A yellow card is usually given to free kick candidates when, in order to gain time, they take too much time to shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, especially for defensive free kicks, the candidate is clearly identified because it's the one a few steps from the ball, pretending to think about how he's going to shoot, making gestures to his teammates, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if no one is near the ball and the time keeps running? The referee will still need to give someone a yellow card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2020-01-18T03:15:05.433" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T08:26:14.590" Title="Who receives the yellow card if no one approaches the ball to shoot a free kick?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24374" CreationDate="2020-01-07T12:48:56.463" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The maximum value of SoV is 0.9375 (15/16), in the case where the team in question only wins one game while the opponent from that game wins every other game and goes 15-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest possible SoV for a 16-0 team is 0.656. This stems from the following results (with an actually possible schedule of games for KC, the opponents are marked with an asterisk). I double-counted division rivals' records as there are two games, I couldn't find any info about if the NFL does it this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  AFCW        AFCE        AFCN       AFCS        NFCE        NFCN        NFCS        NFCW&#xA; KC  16-0   *NE  12-4   *BAL 14-2  *JAX 10-6   *DAL 12-4    DET 8-8     CAR 10-6    SF  6-10&#xA;*LV  14-2   *MIA 10-6    PIT 12-4   TEN 8-8    *PHI 10-6    MIN 6-10    NO  8-8     LAR 4-12&#xA;*DEN 12-4   *NYJ 8-8     CLE 10-6   HOU 6-10   *WSH 8-8     CHI 4-12    TB  6-10    ARI 2-14&#xA;*LAC 10-6   *BUF 6-10    CIN 8-8    IND 4-12   *NYG 6-10    GB  2-14    ATL 4-12    SEA 0-16&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19484" LastEditorUserId="19484" LastEditDate="2020-01-07T15:09:30.537" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T15:09:30.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24497" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-07T13:54:03.787" Score="0" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Meaning the defender is in position and the offensive player runs straight at/into the defender.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is this a foul?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is this a dangerous play?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Should the defender get out of the way and let the offensive player catch the disc uncontested to preserve safety for all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19485" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-09T18:32:46.817" LastActivityDate="2020-02-09T18:32:46.817" Title="In Ultimate Frisbee is a defender required to make way for an offensive player on the run?" Tags="|rules|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24497" CreationDate="2020-01-08T01:03:41.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a foul? a dangerous play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly yes. It sounds close to dangerous play.  From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usaultimate.org/assets/1/Page/OfficialRulesOfUltimate2020-2021_12.1.19.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Ultimate rules&lt;/a&gt;, some examples could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I. 1.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following are non-exhaustive examples of dangerous play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;significantly colliding with a mostly stationary opponent,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;running without looking, when there is a likelihood of other players occupying the&#xA;space into which the player is traveling,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these have occurred, it is both dangerous play and a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;should the defender get out of the way and let the offense catch the disc uncontested to preserve safety for all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the responsibility of all players to avoid contact, so yes the defender should move if necessary to avoid contact.  Doing so doesn't prevent them from calling dangerous play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I. 1. a. 1.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vast majority of dangerous play will involve contact between players. However,&#xA;contact is not required for a player to invoke this rule where there is reasonable&#xA;certainty that contact would have occurred had the player not taken steps to avoid&#xA;contact. [[A player is not required to hold their position and receive contact in order to&#xA;call “dangerous play,” but the mere possibility of contact is insufficient to justify a call.&#xA;Furthermore, if the offending player stops or changes their path such that contact&#xA;would not have occurred, contact was not “reasonably certain.”]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T01:03:41.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-08T09:55:12.237" Score="0" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have searched for period data in soccer - like number of goals in 15,30,45,60,75,90 mins (15 minutes interval) - but I can't find any. Do you know any site giving this data? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19491" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T14:39:03.507" Title="Where to get soccer data per period?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24501" CreationDate="2020-01-08T14:39:03.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can check soccerstats.com it has plenty of information about football leagues, teams and like what you asked for goals in time periods as well. For example for the Premier League here is a link:&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.soccerstats.com/timing.asp?league=england&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;premier league timing stats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T14:39:03.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24506" CreationDate="2020-01-08T23:26:31.743" Score="2" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a 2016 NFL playoff game between the Green Bay Packers and the Arizona Cardinals, the game went to overtime. On the overtime coin flip, the referee threw the coin in the air and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sjAyQcv0oM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;it didn't flip&lt;/a&gt;. The Packers, who had lost the toss, convinced the referee to flip the coin again (with no change in the outcome). If the result had changed, I imagine this would have caused considerable controversy. Is there actually a rule in the NFL rulebook that the coin must flip over at least once for the toss to be valid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10370" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-09T06:16:27.967" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T17:18:54.250" Title="Does the coin have to flip in NFL rules?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24507" CreationDate="2020-01-09T05:54:30.833" Score="2" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;During his perfect game in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series, Don Larsen went to 3 balls in a count against only one batter. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2020/01/01/don-larsen-dies-obit-perfect-game-world-series-yankees/1916513/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a complete game in MLB history in which the pitcher never threw 3 balls during one at-bat?  (Meaning that the count against any one batter never reached 3-0, 3-1, or 3-2.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T07:34:24.127" Title="Has there ever been a complete game in which the pitcher never threw 3 balls in one at-bat?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24504" CreationDate="2020-01-09T06:16:00.693" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a Packer fan I remember the situation and recall that at the time this happened there was no rule demanding the coin to actually flip. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000625589/article/blandino-ref-did-best-job-he-could-with-coin-toss&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is  a video of Dean Blandino VP of officiating at the time explaining the situation, that by rule the coin didn't actually have to flip, but common sense dictated that it should in order for the flip to be fair. And so Clete Blakeman the referee did the right thing to redo the coin toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fun fact, after the game Aaron Rodgers mentioned he &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/aaron-rodgers-unhappy-over-botched-coin-flip-wanted-to-change-pick-011716&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wanted to switch&lt;/a&gt; to heads for the second toss, but the referee did the second flip before he had the chance to choose a coin side again. After the 2015-2016 season, the NFL updated its rules to explicitly handle such situation. Section 2, Article 2 (coin toss) &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;states&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the coin does not turn over in the air or the toss is compromised in any way, the Referee shall toss it again. The captain’s original call may not be changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, it also turned out that they heard what Rodgers said after the game. The new rule also states that the captain's choice stands, thus in case of a re-flip, the teams cannot change the side of coin picked before the first toss. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-09T17:18:54.250" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T17:18:54.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24505" CreationDate="2020-01-09T07:34:24.127" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per an SI &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.ph/20130102072625/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1124496/index.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article,&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Barker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Len Barker&lt;/a&gt; did not allow three balls to anyone in his 1981 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Barker%27s_perfect_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;perfect game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He struck out 11 batters—all swinging—and didn't go to a single three-ball count. Only eight Toronto batters got as much as a two-ball count. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T07:34:24.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24419" CreationDate="2020-01-09T15:57:10.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no stated purpose for requiring four hash marks along the free throw key. In fact, it is up to the arena's discretion for where exactly they are placed. The only requirement involves how far away the hash marks are from the foul line and the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-1-court-dimensions-equipment/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA rule book&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Four hash marks shall be drawn (2” wide) parallel to the baseline on each side of the free throw circle.  These hash marks shall be 13’ from the baseline and 3’ from the free throw lane lines and shall be 6” in length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19366" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T15:57:10.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24482" CreationDate="2020-01-09T16:07:43.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To date, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nwe/blown_leads.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;largest blown lead&lt;/a&gt; in the Belichick era came on September 25th, 2011 against the Bills in Buffalo. The Patriots led by 21 points in the second quarter and ultimately lost 34-31.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19366" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T16:07:43.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24482" CreationDate="2020-01-09T23:15:58.510" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends what you mean by the largest blown lead.    I watched the Buffalo game vs the Pats and the Pats were down 21 but Buffalo scored 10 before half and I don't think 21-10 comeback with momentum is an incredible comeback.    The Bills threw two quick INTs to start out the game but by the half they were down but there was no feeling the game was over.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To second that the Bills got a 7 point lead and basically played prevent D (watch the game) and let the Pats march down the field.   The Pats scored too quick and with the game tied, Bills easily got into FG range to win it.   It was more of a comeback by the Pats than the Bills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the 2009 Colts game.   Holy crap the Patriots were up 17 in the 4th (and got a FG in the 4th) and Peyton Manning shredded them.   It was for sure the biggest comeback against a Belichek team in the current Pats era.   Belichek got so nervous going against Peyton that he crapped his pants and went for it on 4th and 2 in his own territory - around the 30 not even midfield.    It was a crazy game and the biggest comeback loss for him for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T23:15:58.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24433" CreationDate="2020-01-09T23:36:00.077" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the list of players with multiple returned punt touchdowns in a game I've found so far (from 1990 till now). They've been listed in reverse chronological order, and all of them have returned exactly two touchdowns in the specified games listed below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HineNy00/gamelog/2019/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nyheim Hines&lt;/a&gt; of Indianapolis Colts in 2019 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201912220clt.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 16&lt;/a&gt; against the Carolina Panthers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/R/ReynDa00/gamelog/2012/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Darius Reynaud&lt;/a&gt; of Tennessee Titans in 2012 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201212300oti.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 17&lt;/a&gt; against the Jacksonville Jaguars)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BushRe00/gamelog/2008/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reggie Bush&lt;/a&gt; of New Orleans Saints in 2009 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200810060nor.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 5&lt;/a&gt; against the Minnesota Vikings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/D/DrumEd00/gamelog/2004/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eddie Drummond&lt;/a&gt; of Detroit Lions in 2004 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200411140jax.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 10&lt;/a&gt; against the Jacksonville Jaguars)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SmitSt01/gamelog/2002/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Steve Smith&lt;/a&gt; of Carolina Panthers in 2002 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200212080car.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 14&lt;/a&gt; against the Cincinnati Bengals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/L/LewiJe00/gamelog/2000/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jermaine Lewis&lt;/a&gt; of Baltimore Ravens in 2000 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200012240rav.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 17&lt;/a&gt; against he New York Jets)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/L/LewiJe00/gamelog/1997/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jermaine Lewis&lt;/a&gt; of Baltimore in 1997 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199712070rav.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 15&lt;/a&gt; against the Seattle Seahawks) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GordDa20/gamelog/1997/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Darrien Gordon&lt;/a&gt; of Denver Broncons in 1997 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199711090den.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 11&lt;/a&gt; against the Carolina Panthers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MetcEr00/gamelog/1997/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eric Metcalf&lt;/a&gt; of San Diego Chargers in 1997 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199711020cin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 10&lt;/a&gt; against the Cincinnati Bengals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MetcEr00/gamelog/1993/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eric Metcalf&lt;/a&gt; of Cleveland Browns in 1993 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199310240cle.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 8&lt;/a&gt; against the Pittsburgh Steelers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/K/KincTo00/gamelog/1992/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Todd Kinchen&lt;/a&gt; of Los Angeles Rams in 1992 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199212270ram.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;week 17&lt;/a&gt; against the Atlanta Falcons)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="17776" LastEditDate="2020-01-10T17:30:47.833" LastActivityDate="2020-01-10T17:30:47.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24512" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-10T00:26:00.590" Score="0" ViewCount="5240" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do the numbers 4/3 and 4/5 mean on a golf hole score card?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USGA no help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which number do I use when par on a golf hole is 4/3 or 4/5?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19495" LastActivityDate="2020-01-10T16:09:46.197" Title="Golf hole with multiple pars" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-10T14:04:11.777" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL (and other leagues and levels I'm sure), a 2 minute minor penalty is assessed when a defender in his own zone clears the puck over the high boards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This penalty is waived if the clearing attempt goes off an offensive player, or if the puck is deflected off the offensive player's stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if the penalty would also be waived if, at the same time as the clearing attempt, if the defender were body checked, causing him to lose control of the clear in what might otherwise be a legal clearing attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-25T06:16:52.200" LastActivityDate="2023-08-25T06:16:52.200" Title="How does a body check affect the ruling on Delay of Game penalty call?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24478" CreationDate="2020-01-10T14:04:50.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this scenario, Batsman B is out - as they have not crossed on this run, his ground is where the wicket has been broken, and so he's out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered by Law 38.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman out in the circumstances of 38.1 is the one whose ground is at the end where the wicket is put down.  See Laws 25.6 (Dismissal and conduct of a batsman and his/her runner) and 30.2 (Which is a batsman’s ground).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/run-out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/run-out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2020-01-10T14:04:50.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24512" CreationDate="2020-01-10T16:09:46.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of your question, the par used will depend on the tee used.  The par value of a hole is determined by it's length relative to the player.  This means that men and women have different par values for the same distances in some cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For men, the distances determining par value were &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.liveabout.com/par-3-to-5-yardage-guidelines-1564466&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;last adjusted in 1956&lt;/a&gt; to match the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 3: Up to 250 yards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 4: 251 to 470 yards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 5: 471 yards or more&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For women, the values vary only slightly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 3:    Up to 210 yards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 4:    211 to 400 yards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Par 5:    401 yards or more&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see how this works on a scorecard, take the following sample into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPuLK.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPuLK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;scorecard&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see for hole 3, the yardage from the blue tees is 446 yards, from the white is 441 yards, and from the gold is 386 yards.  For men, this hole is always going to be a par 4 regardless of which tee you use.  However for women, this hole would be a par 4 if played from the gold tees and a par 5 if played from the blue or white tees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To this end, you'll also often see scorecards with a separate row for men's and women's par values such as this one.  As you can see below, holes 7 and 9 are considered  par 5s for women and par 4s for men, leading to a difference of 2 strokes for a par round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N0sjd.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/N0sjd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17776" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-10T16:09:46.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18377" CreationDate="2020-01-10T22:22:24.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adrian Kempe of the LA Kings broke the record on January 9, 2020. He scored 1 second (actually 0.9, since it was inside the last minute of the period and the clock was showing tenths) into the power play directly off the faceoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/kings/video/kempes-second-of-the-night/t-277443716/c-5070034&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nhl.com/kings/video/kempes-second-of-the-night/t-277443716/c-5070034&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nhl/boxscore/_/gameId/401145727&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.com/nhl/boxscore/_/gameId/401145727&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Power play started at 19:50 of period 3. Goal scored at 19:51 of period 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19502" LastEditorUserId="19502" LastEditDate="2020-01-11T01:09:16.803" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T01:09:16.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24522" CreationDate="2020-01-11T20:05:05.137" Score="0" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, Overtime conditions state that if the team to possess the ball first score a Touchdown on their first possession, then they win the game. If they score a Field Goal, or fail to score, then the other team has a chance to possess the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's look at the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team A has won the toss in overtime and has elected to receive the kickoff. Team B kicks the ball and it is returned by Team A. During the return, the runner fumbles the ball and it is recovered by a member of Team B. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does Team B need to score a Touchdown or a Field Goal to win the game?&lt;/strong&gt; As they are the first team to run a down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is 4th down for Team A, on the first possession of overtime, and they decide to Punt. Team A punts the ball down the field. A fair-catch is called, but the returner from Team B does not cleanly collect the ball, and muffs it. It is then recovered by Team A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does Team A still need to score a Touchdown to win the game, or do they now only require a Field Goal?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T20:05:05.137" Title="How does a fumble at kickoff or a punt - recovered by kicking team - affect win conditions in overtime?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24521" CreationDate="2020-01-11T20:05:05.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In both scenarios only a &lt;strong&gt;Field Goal&lt;/strong&gt; is required to win the game. This is because it is deemed that the receiving team in both instances has had their opportunity to possess the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-extra-period&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 NFL Rulebook: Rule 16 - Section 1 - Article 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 3. Extra Period&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(e) The opportunity to possess applies only during kicking plays. A kickoff is the opportunity to possess for the receiving team. &lt;strong&gt;If the kicking team legally recovers the kick, the receiving team is considered to have had its opportunity. A punt or field goal attempt that crosses the line of scrimmage and is muffed by the receiving team is considered to be an opportunity to possess for the receiving team.&lt;/strong&gt; Normal touching rules by the kicking team apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T20:05:05.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-11T21:49:58.953" Score="1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm only a casual fan and I don't follow every change in the rules each year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But decades ago I seem to remember that in any given game, NFL or college, the measuring chains would be brought out onto the field at least 2 or 3 times to check whether a first down had been made or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But watching several games this season I believe I've only seen the measuring chains brought out once (last week in one of the wildcard playoff games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was there a rule change at some point that reduced the need for measuring with the chains? If not, what's going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19509" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T21:49:58.953" Title="What changed so that the measuring chains are so rarely used?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24529" CreationDate="2020-01-12T07:51:57.933" Score="0" ViewCount="1807" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of the Tennessee Titans victory against the Baltimore Ravens in the divisional round of the 2019-2020 playoffs, the commentators announced that Ryan Tannehil became the first Quarterback to throw for less than 100 yards in back to back playoff victories. Tannehil threw for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;amp;ei=gc4aXt7nEtK0tQbY2ruADQ&amp;amp;q=tennessee%20titans&amp;amp;oq=tennessee%20titans&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i131i67l2j0i131l8.30503.32884..32991...1.0..0.196.1730.12j5......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i3j0j0i273j0i67.lOxIvvcSQUk&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwierJLMyP3mAhVSWs0KHVjtDtAQ4dUDCAo&amp;amp;uact=5#sie=m;/g/11fkthcwjn;6;/m/059yj;dt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;72 yards&lt;/a&gt; against the New England Patriots in the wild card round. And he threw for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;amp;ei=gc4aXt7nEtK0tQbY2ruADQ&amp;amp;q=tennessee%20titans&amp;amp;oq=tennessee%20titans&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i131i67l2j0i131l8.30503.32884..32991...1.0..0.196.1730.12j5......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i3j0j0i273j0i67.lOxIvvcSQUk&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwierJLMyP3mAhVSWs0KHVjtDtAQ4dUDCAo&amp;amp;uact=5#sie=m;/g/11h112gkx3;6;/m/059yj;dt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;88 yards&lt;/a&gt; against the Ravens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me wonder what are the 5 lowest passing yards by winning quarterbacks in any NFL playoff game? I'm considering quarterbacks who started the game and finished it (includes those who were benched at the end of the game if the team was winning by a big margin)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T14:15:51.617" Title="What are the fewest passing yards by quarterbacks in an NFL playoffs win?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|postseason|quarterback|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24526" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-12T14:40:27.897" Score="1" ViewCount="684" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxers always perform some moves then guard back and most of them are slow regarding top boxers, why don't they perform fast consecutive punches, is it bad idea or don't they have enough stamina to perform continuous punches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19513" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-12T15:00:57.837" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T21:16:35.617" Title="Why don't boxers continuously punch opponent?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3260" CreationDate="2020-01-13T12:52:24.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dave Juneman converted 42 consecutive penalties for Tooting and Mitcham United in the 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19516" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T12:52:24.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24535" CreationDate="2020-01-13T13:41:26.807" Score="7" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo Di Stéfano&lt;/a&gt; back in the 50's-60's played for Argentina, Colombia, and Spain. Many soccer players played for 2 teams, but that's the only case I know of someone playing for 3 teams. Was he the player who played for the most national teams or was there another one?  Which soccer player played for the most national teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-01-15T06:04:07.297" LastActivityDate="2020-02-14T14:22:19.223" Title="Which soccer player played for the most national teams?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24524" CreationDate="2020-01-13T14:15:51.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Joe Flacco - BAL, 34 yards, Wild Card - Baltimore Ravens at New England Patriots - January 10th, 2010&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Craig Morton - DAL, 38 yards, Divisional Round - Detroit Lions at Dallas Cowboys - December 26th, 1970&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mark Brunell - WAS, 41 yards, Wild Card - Washington Redskins at Tampa Bay Buccaneers - January 7th, 2006&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Otto Graham - CLE, 43 yards, Divisional Round - New York Giants at Cleveland Browns - December 17th, 1950&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dieter Brock - LAR, 50 yards, Divisional Round - Dallas Cowboys at Los Angeles Rams - January 4th, 1986&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;match=game&amp;amp;year_min=1950&amp;amp;year_max=2019&amp;amp;season_start=1&amp;amp;season_end=-1&amp;amp;pos%5B%5D=QB&amp;amp;is_starter=E&amp;amp;game_type=P&amp;amp;career_game_num_min=1&amp;amp;career_game_num_max=400&amp;amp;qb_start_num_min=1&amp;amp;qb_start_num_max=400&amp;amp;game_num_min=0&amp;amp;game_num_max=99&amp;amp;week_num_min=0&amp;amp;week_num_max=99&amp;amp;game_result=W&amp;amp;qb_started=Y&amp;amp;c1stat=pass_yds&amp;amp;c1comp=lt&amp;amp;c1val=99&amp;amp;c2stat=pass_att&amp;amp;c2comp=gt&amp;amp;c2val=5&amp;amp;c5val=1.0&amp;amp;order_by=pass_yds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; - may require a subscription to view&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T14:15:51.617" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24526" CreationDate="2020-01-13T15:26:27.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Punching is both advantageous because it can potentially hurt your opponent and risky at the same time (at the moment, I can think of two reasons for it being risky).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boxing matches are oftentimes very dependent on stamina (of course, for nearly all sports - but boxers occasionally simply fall from exhaustion rather than a KO) so boxers want to conserve their energy and really only hit when it's low-risk, high-reward as much as possible. Stamina also comes into mental strength as well. Being very tiresome not only slows you down physically, but makes it harder to anticipate and react quickly to your opponent's movement. Secondly, one arm extended to hit the opponent is one less arm to defend. If the opponent manages to dodge your attempt to hit them, that's much easier for them to hit you now - as you only have one arm now to both anticipate the next blow - and actually defend yourself against it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since it's very possible for a.) A boxer to get KO'd in the beginning of the match and b.) For the match to be extremely long and physically tiring for both opponents - boxers have to optimize everything - how much they move around, when to defend, and most importantly, when to punch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15831" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T15:26:27.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24526" CreationDate="2020-01-13T19:20:36.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will reference Jedo's answer.  He was on the right track, but missed the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A simple answer is to say that if a boxer punched continuously throughout the round for 10-12 rounds, he would become tired and not be able to stand in a defensive position.  Therefore, the other boxer would only need to successfully defend these punches to wait him out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since a boxer cannot punch for 30-36 minutes straight, he needs to optimize when to punch.  Jedo mentioned low-risk, high-reward.  These punches both need to find sweet spots (head shots, gut shots) all the while ensuring he does not leave himself open for a counterattack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good boxer will feint with low-energy punches to set up shots in the sweet spots.  Once an opportunity becomes clear (a temple, or a jaw, or the solar plexus), boxers will punch with their whole body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T19:20:36.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24526" CreationDate="2020-01-13T21:16:35.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was a boxerin one of the toughest gyms in the country for one of the best trainers in the country.   I can sum up your answer - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Because your opponent moves.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every time you throw a punch you are leaving a zone open to get hit.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every time you throw a punch you are potentially losing balance, you simply can't keep throwing punches if you are off balance or opponent is backing up.  It is almost impossible to throw more than 3-4 punches without losing balance.   Either your opponent is terrible or he will move and you will lose balance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The only way for you to safely throw a punch (with lower change of getting hit) is throwing your jab.   Your jab can only be thrown so quick.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you jab you can keep your body turned.   When you throw a flurry of punches you have to square up and you will be countered more.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can miss.   A missed punch is about the worst thing that can happen in a fight.   It hurts, it wears you down, and you are wide wide open for 2 seconds.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is absolutely nothing wrong with just punching and punching as long as you can land your punches and opponent isn't hitting you too much.   Your tiredness from punching and landing is far less than the effect of getting punched if well conditioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T21:16:35.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24528" CreationDate="2020-01-14T09:57:14.233" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Examples of player who played for three countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As mentioned in the question, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo Di Stéfano&lt;/a&gt; played for Argentina and Spain. In addition to that, he played for Columbia - although those matches aren't in the official FIFA records.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Kubala&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;László Kubala&lt;/a&gt; played for Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Spain. Kubala also played for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia_national_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Catalonia&lt;/a&gt; - however, this team is not a member of FIFA/UEFA.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we also count caps at the youth level:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Brailovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daniel Brailovsky&lt;/a&gt; played for Uruguay at youth level and later represented Argentina and Israel.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kilkenny&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neil Kilkenny&lt;/a&gt; represented England and Ireland at the youth level, and later played for Australia.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demitrius_Omphroy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Demitrius Omphroy&lt;/a&gt; played for USA and Panama at youth level, as a senior for Phillippines. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herolind_Shala&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Herolind Shala&lt;/a&gt; played for Norway (youth level), Albania and Kosovo.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Zahavi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alex Zahavi&lt;/a&gt; played for Portugal, USA, Israel - in all three cases at the youth level.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA eligibility rules&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIFA_eligibility_rules&amp;amp;oldid=929582937&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_nation#Men%E2%80%99s_Football_(soccer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of sportspeople who competed for more than one nation&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_nation&amp;amp;oldid=936309620#Men%E2%80%99s_Football_(soccer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia articles of individual players.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newsbytesapp.com/timeline/Sports/27289/122734/5-footballers-who-represented-more-than-one-country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;#FootballTrivia: These footballers played for more than one country&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-19T08:20:22.623" LastActivityDate="2020-01-19T08:20:22.623" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-01-14T09:57:14.233" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1623" CreationDate="2020-01-14T20:50:24.130" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since this is an old question and since this does not currently have a right answer I will summarize this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All rule requirements for players on a field beyond 7 players on the LoS on offense are league mandates and bylaws.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every league has its own bylaws and subrules and these are often not publicly available or they are just &amp;quot;spirits of the rule&amp;quot; where commissioner decides.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No game is over until the last play is finished.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a football team left the field before a game was over (even for one play) they would be under heavy scrutiny and almost certainly sanctioned by the league they are in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referees using league bylaws have the discretion of making decisions on the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What this means is that the referee could require a few players or 11 players to be on the field on defense.   If a team refused to do whatever the head referee asked then the game would end in forfeit (it happens in college and high school - not often but happens).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can tell you right now that if an NFL team ends a game in a forfeit it will include sanctions on that team up to the owner.   Any NFL team can leave the field and pout about whatever.   There is no &amp;quot;rule&amp;quot; in writing against this.   But it would probably include one of the most drastic penalties ever (draft picks, money, ownership suspension, coach suspension...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So to be clear the answer is - a team has to field whatever number of players a referee determines to be the minimum on the field or the game will be a forfeit.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addendum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2019 and later rule 4-8-2c was added so that the game can end&#xA;without the PAT attempt taking place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Patrick is right in his answer on this.   However the interpretation has nothing to do with the question.   The question is, &amp;quot;Does the defense have to defend the extra point?&amp;quot;   Rule 4-8-2c is a rule that allows the offensive team to skip the extra point after the game is over.   It has nothing to do with this question - at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offense decides to take the field the defense is required based on the bylaws of the league to field a team or they would be forfeiting the game.   As I have mentioned the forfeiture of a game is probably so steep of a penalty compared to getting your guys on the field that it would just never happen in the NFL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule Specifics -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Patrick did a good job answering his own question here - &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17705/is-there-a-minimum-number-of-players-needed-on-the-field-in-the-nfl&quot;&gt;Is there a minimum number of players needed on the field in the NFL?&lt;/a&gt; .   Yes referees would not alter a game if a team forgot to have players on the field for a game - had a play or two with 9 or 10 players.   But if a team on purpose did not field players, the referees would invoke the rules talked about in this question/answer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/nfl-week-6-grades-browns-get-a-d-for-blowout-loss-to-steelers-packers-get-an-f-for-ugly-performance/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/nfl-week-6-grades-browns-get-a-d-for-blowout-loss-to-steelers-packers-get-an-f-for-ugly-performance/&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfair_act#:%7E:text=Under%20Rule%2017%20of%20the,onward%20and%20resume%20play%20from&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfair_act#:~:text=Under%20Rule%2017%20of%20the,onward%20and%20resume%20play%20from&lt;/a&gt;.   Both of these talk about Rule 17 which is basically an umbrella rule that covers anything not in the rulebook because literally they would have to write a couple thousand more rules to cover anything that could happen.   Also most of these rules would be for acts that are so bad that no team in their right mind would do them - trying to hurt someone, jumping offsides over and over, ejected player not leaving a game and so on.   Try finding a rule for these things which are obviously not legal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is another rule that should be looked at here - &lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/16_Rule13_Non-Player_Conduct.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/16_Rule13_Non-Player_Conduct.pdf&lt;/a&gt;.   If it were a playoff game there really wouldn't be a way to enforce something, that being the refs adding more points to a score or game...  However the refs (probably consulting with the commissioner's office) would have the ability to add points to a score which could effect playoff seeding.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What would actually happen is this&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. PENALTIES FOR UNFAIR ACTS The Commissioner’s powers under&#xA;this Section 2 include the imposition of monetary fines and&#xA;draft-choice forfeitures, suspension of persons involved in unfair&#xA;acts, and, if appropriate, the reversal of a game’s result or the&#xA;rescheduling of a game, either from the beginning or from the point at&#xA;which the extraordinary act occurred. In the event of rescheduling a&#xA;game, the Commissioner will be guided by the procedures specified in&#xA;17-1-5–11, above. In all cases, the Commissioner will conduct a full&#xA;investigation, including the opportunity for hearings, use of game&#xA;video, and any other procedure the Commissioner deems appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So walking off a field would be enforced by the commish.   I am sure at the very least it would include a heavy fine.   If it were done in an extreme way it would probably also include points added to the other team or loss of draft picks or alont those lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="6436" LastEditDate="2020-10-19T21:08:34.760" LastActivityDate="2020-10-19T21:08:34.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9012" CreationDate="2020-01-15T01:06:04.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no 'being set' or a 'set position' listed in the rulebook (high school). The defensive player needs to establish a legal guarding position at some point; This means facing the ball handler, with two feet on the ground. [This two feet on the ground may be what some people refer to as being 'set', but a defender does not need to be 'set' at the point of contact.] After legal guarding position is established, the defender can move sideways, backwards, and diagonally backwards. If the defender moves toward the dribbler OR if the defender touches the dribbler with arms or hands, that can be a foul on the defender. Otherwise, it is the dribbler's responsibility to avoid the defender's torso after legal guarding position is established. The defender has not yet established legal guarding position if the dribbler is already taking flight for a layup, shot or dunk. The defender must have established that legal guarding position in enough time for the dribbler to avoid the contact. When taking a charge the defender may twist or turn away if they think they will be taking a hard charge and this does not negate the charge foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19521" LastActivityDate="2020-01-15T01:06:04.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24539" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-16T00:58:09.870" Score="9" ViewCount="2006" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e4hlt.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e4hlt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example &quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the picture, the dart enters through the single 19 area, but the tip goes under the metal separator and sticks in the double 19. What is the correct way to score this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19525" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-16T01:31:27.257" LastActivityDate="2024-03-09T14:19:41.193" Title="Dart enters one area, but tip enters another" Tags="|rules|darts|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24539" CreationDate="2020-01-16T08:54:12.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The current rules of darts, as established by the Darts Regulation Authority, can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/DRA2019Rules_110119-final-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The PDC refers to them on their &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pdc.tv/players/rules-darts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rules of Darts&lt;/a&gt; page. The rules state the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.4.2 A scoring dart is counted by reference to the segment into which the point of the dart enters and remains in or touching the face of the dartboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what is a segment? There's no explicit definition, but the following rule suggest they'd never expect a situation like in the question to happen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.5.7 All the wires forming the doubles and trebles segments, inner and outer centre rings which together form the “Spider”, shall be affixed to the face of the dartboard in such a manner that they lie flat on the face of the dartboard and feature no gaps or splits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd argue that the dart is in the double 19 segment (its tip is fully in the green zone) so it counts as a double.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now what would happen if it's exactly on the white/green border? There's always a catch-all rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.4.8 The Referee shall act as an umpire in all matters pertaining to these General Playing Rules when conducting a Darts Event and shall, if it is necessary, consult with Scorers and other Officials before announcing any decisions during the course of Match play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or perhaps more explicitly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.3.9 The Referee will have the final say in all matters relating to starting and finishing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;though this may happen during the 'scoring' phase of a game as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2020-01-16T08:54:12.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24495" CreationDate="2020-01-17T10:48:49.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wasn't entirely sure, so I asked in our local community about this question. Most of it got confirmed, but there's a few more things you can do as a referee in such a situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Talk to the captain of the team in question and remind them to take the free kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can &lt;strong&gt;caution the captain&lt;/strong&gt;, if they're not listening or still refuse to continue the game. &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Exception: If the captain is actually willing to continue the game and the team refuses to do so you shouldn't caution the captain.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Give the team an ultimatum (1-2 mins) to take the free kick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If they're still not playing &lt;strong&gt;abandon the game&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-01-21T08:26:14.590" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T08:26:14.590" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7185" CreationDate="2020-01-17T17:56:06.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hockey Goals are 6 feet wide and 4 feet tall. 24sqft in area makes it impossible for a player to completely cover the goal. Even the most morbidly obese people are not 6 feet wide. Covering the entire goal is impossible, which is why quickness, flexibility, and positioning are the skills most often found in goalies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2020-01-17T17:56:06.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24544" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-17T18:42:33.780" Score="0" ViewCount="428" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if a ball is hit, can a fielder such as the shortstop or third baseman pretend to have caught or fielded the ball to trick a runner into not running, or a batter into not advancing? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the limitations, if any? Could the player tag the runner, or could the whole team jog to the dugout in hopes of making the runners think the inning is over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2020-01-17T19:53:47.890" Title="Can a fielder pretend to field a ball to deceive the batter/runners?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24544" CreationDate="2020-01-17T19:53:47.890" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fielder can act like however they want as long as they are not impeding any runners.   There are no rules that cover this because it is not against the rules.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tagging a runner would just be interference.   You are not allowed to touch a runner if you do not have the ball.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jogging to the dugout... I am not sure how this works.   Who is going to tag a runner out if everyone is in the dugout?  The runner unless we are talking about 8 year old baseball would be looking at an umpire to make an out call.  Also any good umpire would signal a strong &quot;safe&quot; call or shout out the number of outs if they felt there was confusion.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only limitation of a hidden ball play where players act like they are going to the dugout is the pitcher must not be a stride from the rubber.   If he is, that is a balk.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-01-17T19:53:47.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24546" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24958" CreationDate="2020-01-19T03:10:56.930" Score="5" ViewCount="733" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is very similar to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24208/nba-continuation-rule&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, although it is a little different and may have a different answer. (Also, I think the answer to that question somewhat misses the point).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following sequence of events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an offensive player is fouled while driving to the basket,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the offensive player travels (because of the foul),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the offensive player shoots the ball and it goes in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This occurred in a recent game I was watching (the foot came down just a fraction of a second before the ball left his hand, so it's easy to understand why the refs may have missed it or chose not to call it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see three potential answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is a non-shooting foul. Even though continuation &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; have been granted, he traveled first and thus no shot legally occurred.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shooting foul, basket does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; count, 2 shots are awarded. Since continuation is granted, and the offensive player is &lt;em&gt;trying&lt;/em&gt; to shoot, it's a shooting foul. Since the shot was not legal, the basket doesn't count.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shooting foul, basket counts, 1 shot is awarded. Similar to above, but for some reason the basket counts. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get that this is an edge-case and might not come up very often. I watch a lot of basketball and have never seen this come up (unless the third proposed answer is correct). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An answer with a specific example where this occurred would be particularly welcome. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16939" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-19T03:46:07.870" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T06:44:45.780" Title="NBA &quot;and one&quot; rule - an edge case" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24552" CreationDate="2020-01-19T18:48:49.480" Score="2" ViewCount="1065" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching the Liverpool vs Manchester United Premier League game in January 2020, I got confused on the offside rule when Salah scored a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salah was well offside when Allison passed the ball to him. I'm confused as to how that is not an offside. I thought it won't be offside when goalkeeper passes the ball only when it's a goal kick, but it wasn't a goal kick, Allison got the ball in open play after deflecting from one of the Manchester players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19538" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-19T23:48:48.630" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T05:43:08.793" Title="Confusion on offside rule" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24550" CreationDate="2020-01-19T23:34:44.780" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the Alisson Becker's pass to Mo Salah &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJbcWJI2UA&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=75&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can see that Salah receives it in Liverpool's own half. We don't have a clear shot of where Salah was at the time of the pass, but given his distance from midfield and the direction he's running, it's clear that he was in Liverpool's half at the time of pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offside can only happen when the offensive player is in the other team's half. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3/how-is-offside-determined-in-football/566&quot;&gt;this Sports SE question&lt;/a&gt; for more info on when a play is an offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-20T05:43:08.793" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T05:43:08.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24550" CreationDate="2020-01-19T23:45:35.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Salah was not offside.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Salah is several metres into his own half at the moment the ball is played by his team-mate, and therefore he is the exact opposite of &quot;well offside when Alisson passed the ball&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not matter that he entered the opponent's half before the ball, or that he was nearer to the opponent's goal-line than the second-to-last defender and the ball when he received it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See Law 11 in IFAB Laws Of The Game for the exact statement of offside position and offside offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-19T23:52:59.710" LastActivityDate="2020-01-19T23:52:59.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24553" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-20T01:54:48.080" Score="2" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if a game ends on extra innings and a player coming home to end the game, doesn’t step on home plate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19539" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T08:20:22.203" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T20:40:18.070" Title="Hitter does not step on home plate to end game in Baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-02-11T12:51:34.850" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24554" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-20T08:14:25.203" Score="-1" ViewCount="1429" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mo Salah's goal against Manchester United was not awarded offside.&#xA;Plz tell me why as I did not understand it clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19540" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-20T08:36:16.713" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T11:03:59.137" Title="Salah's goal assisted by Alisson Becker was not offside why?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-01-20T14:23:48.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24554" CreationDate="2020-01-20T11:03:59.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Salah was on Liverpools side when Alisson kicked the ball, offside can be when the receiving player is on the other teams half and if the other team doesn't have atleast 2 player behind him but yeah you can read the rules from E. Sommer's comment &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T11:03:59.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24556" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24557" CreationDate="2020-01-20T11:15:53.927" Score="3" ViewCount="1179" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the highest score ever achieved in one frame in a ranked event, not break i know it's 147, but for example the other player made some faults and the other player get points for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastActivityDate="2023-02-16T03:19:25.353" Title="Highest score in a snooker frame" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24556" CreationDate="2020-01-20T12:46:16.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_break#Breaks_exceeding_147&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, citing &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/3750162.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this BBC article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In October 2004, during qualifying for the UK Championship, Jamie Burnett became the only player to record a break of more than 147 in tournament play, when he scored &lt;strong&gt;148&lt;/strong&gt; against Leo Fernandez. He took the brown as the free ball, then potted the brown again followed by the 15 reds with 12 blacks, two pinks and a blue, then the six colours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The theoretical maximum is 155, but as of the writing of this answer, 148 is the highest ever achieved in a professional match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-01-20T12:46:16.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24560" CreationDate="2020-01-20T16:37:06.047" Score="1" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule for the maximum numbers of darts you can throw in a match of 501 double out game? Like for example two players can't throw out the double in a leg how long can it go on or is there a rule like they have to throw on bull for example after 100 darts thrown or they have to go till one of them makes the winning throw even if it would take for hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T19:41:39.110" Title="Is there a maximum number of darts you can throw in one leg?" Tags="|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24558" CreationDate="2020-01-21T09:56:46.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never heard about a limit in darts or visits by the players that would force &lt;em&gt;game shot&lt;/em&gt; other than a successful finish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thedra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/DRA2019Rules_110119-final-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule Book of the DRA&lt;/a&gt; (Darts Regulation Authority), we find &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.3.4:&#xA;  A Game Shot called by a Referee is valid only if the thrown darts achieve the required finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but later on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5.3.9&#xA;  The Referee will have the final say in all matters relating to starting and finishing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, in my opinion, leaves the referee in a position where he/she can close a leg if necessary. Say, the two players would not want to finish the leg in order to purposely delay the tournament, it seems the referee can decide to close the leg and/or the match and hand the case over to higher authorities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But speaking for &quot;low level&quot; players who seem to never hit the double, there is no regulation. I've had a horrible leg of darts myself with a truly unskilled player. He finally checked with dart 100-something. Chances are, you will hit the double at some point, even when not aiming. But before, there is no limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15033" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-01-21T19:41:39.110" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T19:41:39.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24569" CreationDate="2020-01-21T20:22:10.333" Score="0" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often hear about the countries racing colors. Like UK was green, germany was white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there a list of what country has what color? And also, why was that color taken by that country (Green doesn't scream UK to me, so why?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T18:06:36.667" Title="Racing Country colors - what are they and when were they decided?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24567" CreationDate="2020-01-22T08:04:56.060" Score="0" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a regular season or playoff game in the NFL in which a team trailed by 7 points in the final 2 minutes, scored a touchdown to pull within one point, and instead of kicking the extra point, they attempted a two-point conversion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T06:41:09.303" Title="NFL game in which a team scores a late TD to pull within one point and then attempts a two-point conversion?" Tags="|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24566" CreationDate="2020-01-22T10:35:17.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One game springs to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/game?gameId=401030792&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennessee Titans 19 - 20 LA Chargers, Wembley Stadium, 2018-10-21&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Titans were trailing by 7 going into the 2 minute warning. With 31 seconds left, Marcus Mariota found TE Luke Stocker for a 1 yard TD. The Titans head coach Mike Vrabel elected to go for a two-point try to win the game, that subsequently failed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T10:35:17.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24568" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24570" CreationDate="2020-01-22T10:43:49.310" Score="4" ViewCount="798" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen several times people on the bench receiving yellow or red cards: substitutes, manager...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if a physio can be sent off, consequently he can't heal a player anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12900" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T14:41:18.273" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T14:41:18.273" Title="Can physios receive red cards?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24562" CreationDate="2020-01-22T11:06:48.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The colours originated from the Gordon Bennett Cup, an international motor racing event in which each competitor represented their home country. To help distinguish which cars were representing which country, they were each assigned a colour: France was blue, Germany was white (a colour that was part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany#North_German_Confederation_and_the_German_Empire_(1867%E2%80%931918)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;their flag&lt;/a&gt; at the time), Belgium was yellow, and the US was red.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Great Britain joined the Gordon Bennett Cup in 1902, they couldn't pick red, white, or blue, as they were already taken. They chose to race in olive green - a colour commonly used in machinery at that time - and won. This gave them the right to host the 1903 edition, but racing on public roads was still illegal in Britain, so the race was held in Ireland instead. The British team, as a mark of respect, raced in &amp;quot;shamrock green&amp;quot;, a shade of dark green. Dark green was thus established as Britain's racing colour, and over time, this evolved into the specific &amp;quot;British racing green&amp;quot; still in use today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Italy adopted their iconic &amp;quot;rosso corsa&amp;quot; red in 1907 in tribute to an aristocrat named Scipione Borghese, after he won a race from Beijing to Paris in a red Itala. This (presumably) prompted the USA to switch their own national colours from red to white-and-blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full list of historic motor racing colours can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_auto_racing_colours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but with the rise of sponsor liveries, most have not been used for decades. Aside from the ones listed above, the only other colours still in use today are those of Japan, who use white-and-red in accordance with their flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-08-04T18:06:36.667" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T18:06:36.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24568" CreationDate="2020-01-22T11:08:38.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team officials are cautioned and dismissed (receive yellow and red cards) (in law as of 2019-20) largely for inappropriate behaviour or interference with the game or mistreatment of other people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no further specifications of who exactly can be a team official other than that they are, by definition,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[a]ny non-player listed on the official team list e.g. coach, physiotherapist, doctor (see technical staff)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if a physio is included on the official team list and is not a player, they can be cautioned or dismissed for anything in Law 12.3 like any other team official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If dismissed, this has the same consequences as it would for any person involved in the game. They&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the technical area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they wish to treat a player or substitute or substituted player, that player must go to the physio - the physio cannot come to them on or near the field. Additional competition regulations may further disallow that involvement in the game or with the team and players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T11:08:38.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24553" CreationDate="2020-01-22T18:27:58.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player misses any base, it is up to the fielding team to appeal the call to the umpires. If an umpire sees a player miss a base, they do not call them out, it is up to the opposing team to appeal, by stepping on the base while holding the ball, or tagging the player. If the appeal is successful, the runner will be called out and the run will be disallowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why umpires only call players safe if there is an attempt to get them out. If a throw comes in very late, or does not come in at all, the umpire will not call a runner safe at a base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T18:27:58.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17899" CreationDate="2020-01-22T21:04:50.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For cycling, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/the-curious-case-of-the-cyclists-unshaved-legs/article20370814/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wind tunnel&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bikeradar.com/features/shave-your-legs-save-precious-seconds/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;testing&lt;/a&gt; has shown that shaved legs will save about 50 to 90 seconds over a 40km TT, which is a very significant margin. Additionally, &lt;a href=&quot;https://road.cc/content/news/140018-shave-your-arms-and-ride-faster&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shaving arms also has an effect on aerodynamics in cycling&lt;/a&gt;, on the order of 20 seconds, depending on how drastic the change is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For perspective, things seemingly as simple as &lt;a href=&quot;https://norwegianscitechnews.com/2015/03/suit-seams-affect-speed/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;clothing seam placement and fabric texture&lt;/a&gt; has an impact on a cyclist's aerodynamics, so it shouldn't be surprising that exposed body hair would similarly be important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12058" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T21:04:50.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24566" CreationDate="2020-01-23T06:10:44.667" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across some more non-playoff games while trying to find out if it has ever happened in a playoff game (I am 99.9% certain it has not, but I have no citation):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first time it happened was in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.startribune.com/chargers-chiefs-finish-was-first-of-its-kind-since-vikings-saints-in-2002/502758322/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 15 of 2002&lt;/a&gt;, when the Vikings were successful on a 2-point conversion (despite Daunte Culpepper &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8AooXvKVn0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fumbling the snap&lt;/a&gt;) with 5 seconds left against the Saints and won 32-31.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Texans were unsuccessful on a 2-point conversion with 14 seconds left against the Titans in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/320101034&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 17 of 2011&lt;/a&gt; and lost 23-22.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Raiders were successful on a 2-point conversion with 47 seconds left against the Saints in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/400874543&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 1 of 2016&lt;/a&gt; and won 35-34.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Vikings were successful on a 2-point conversion with no time left against the 49ers in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/400950235&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;preseason of 2017&lt;/a&gt; and won 32-31.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Chargers were successful on a 2-point conversion with 4 seconds left against the Chiefs in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game?gameId=401030874&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 15 of 2018&lt;/a&gt; and won 29-28.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Broncos were successful on a 2-point conversion with 31 seconds left against the Bears in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/401128120&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 2 of 2019&lt;/a&gt; to take a 14-13 lead, but lost 16-14 after the Bears made a field goal as time expired.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Dolphins were unsuccessful on a 2-point conversion with 6 seconds left against the Redskins in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game?gameId=401128121&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Week 6 of 2019&lt;/a&gt; and lost 17-16.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2020-01-23T06:41:09.303" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T06:41:09.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24576" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-23T06:30:18.440" Score="6" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an &lt;a href=&quot;https://footballscoop.com/news/youre-going-2-numbers-say/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; saying that from 2011-2017, there were 506 two-point conversion attempts in the NFL, and 79% of those plays were passes.  Is there any explanation for why teams pass so often on two-point conversions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been some &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/friscojosh/status/947152996101537792&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;analysis&lt;/a&gt; showing that the closer a team gets to the end zone, the lower their completion percentage will be due to less open space to work with.  And running plays average 4 yards per carry, so that shouldn't take them out of the equation since the ball is placed on the 2-yard line on a two-point conversion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-04-25T08:49:12.520" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T21:10:11.233" Title="Why do teams almost always pass on 2-point conversions?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24577" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24578" CreationDate="2020-01-23T10:13:09.977" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Sunday, in Liverpool vs United, on 93rd minute Mata was given offside, both the refs had given offside (they showed offside signs and ref whistles too). Alisson caught the ball and took a drop-kick (kicking the ball through his hands) which assisted Salah and resulted in the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per my knowledge, an &lt;strong&gt;INDIRECT FREEKICK&lt;/strong&gt; is awarded for an offside. So how did Alisson take it as drop-kick and even after whistling and showing offside sign, how was he allowed to take it? (Ref did not show advantage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3okVK.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3okVK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, is drop-kick allowed for an offside if it is in the box?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19555" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-01-24T13:52:52.303" LastActivityDate="2020-01-24T13:52:52.303" Title="Is Drop-kick allowed when free kick is awarded inside the box" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24577" CreationDate="2020-01-23T11:01:43.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The whistle was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; blown, at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play was never stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No player was penalised for offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was never a free kick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alisson played the ball legally to Salah in the same way he and every other goalkeeper does regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T11:01:43.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-24T16:05:05.267" Score="6" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some former British colonies, from India to Australia to the nations of the West Indies, have notable cricket teams and a significant number of cricket fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is not the same everywhere. While countries such as Canada and Kenya have teams that have played in the World Cup in the past, cricket doesn't seem to excite the same passions that it does elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi and Zambia don't even meet this criterion. The latter two are particularly striking outliers given their proximity to Zimbabwe and South Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19563" LastEditorUserId="19563" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T07:00:43.960" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T16:04:00.463" Title="Former British colonies and cricket" Tags="|cricket|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24584" CreationDate="2020-01-25T16:29:57.773" Score="5" ViewCount="7603" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ignoring player positions, Is there a time by which a soccer team lineup has to be announced? I'm looking at English Premier League in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. Is it known at least X minutes before kick-off or can it be left unannounced and unknown until the players come onto the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19568" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T16:49:35.787" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T21:22:32.157" Title="Soccer team lineup announcement time" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24583" CreationDate="2020-01-25T21:22:32.157" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to rule L.21 of the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/publications&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League Handbook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At least 75 minutes&lt;/strong&gt; before the time fixed for the kick-off of a League Match, a&#xA;  representative of each participating Club shall submit a team sheet by such method&#xA;  as approved by the Board containing the following particulars:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the shirt numbers and names of its Players (including substitute Players)&#xA;  who are to take part in that League Match;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the colour of the Strip to be worn by its Players, including the goalkeeper;&#xA;  and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;the names and job titles of up to seven Officials who will occupy the trainer’s&#xA;  bench during that League Match&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T21:22:32.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24585" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-26T16:56:25.130" Score="1" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wondering if this is against the rules or if it’s a loophole for teams to stop the clock and use it like a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10657" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T22:15:50.543" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T22:15:50.543" Title="In American football, can a player intentionally fake an injury to stop the clock?" Tags="|rules|american-football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24585" CreationDate="2020-01-27T13:01:56.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, you could pretend to get injured to get a timeout. The standard play clock length makes it mostly pointless though. But because of the possibility, the NFL has a rule stating that players that cause injury timeouts must leave the field for at least one play and under two minutes to go in the half, an injury timeout also causes the team to lose a timeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T13:01:56.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-27T14:26:19.827" Score="0" ViewCount="1962" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regardless of whether or not the player has already been on the court or started on the bench, many NBA basketball players will wear a long-sleeve shirt or a hoodie while sitting on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Including but not limited to players like James Harden, LeBron James, and Kyrie Irving - usually wear some sort of long-sleeve shirt while on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first glance, shouldn't returning players' top priority on the bench to 'cool-down', regain energy to go back in (especially the star players), and dry whatever sweat is on their body? I don't understand the purpose of wearing a hoodie on the sidelines after playing x amount of mins. I feel like wearing a hoodie while sweating profusely will only heat the body up more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15831" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T03:06:16.640" Title="Why do basketball players wear hoodies/long-sleeves on the sidelines?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24591" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-27T14:58:16.220" Score="3" ViewCount="1835" Body="&lt;p&gt;At a soccer game last night I was playing goalie. The ball was bouncing around in front of the net,  and I was trying to grab it with my hand while the opponent was trying to kick it into the net. Just as I was reaching for the ball -- which was two feet off the ground -- the player kicks at the ball, but hits my hand first. The force of the kick pushes my hand into the ball, knocking the ball into my own goal. It was ruled a goal. My question is: should this have been a foul on the attacker for kicking my hand? Or is not a foul, since I did not have possession and the attacker was trying to make a play directly on the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19578" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T15:26:30.330" Title="In soccer, is it a foul if a player kicks a goalie's hand when trying to kick the ball?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24591" CreationDate="2020-01-27T21:37:48.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kicking the hand of the goalie definitely is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Direct free kick for your team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like with most other challenges hitting an opponent while going for the ball is a foul, regardless of where the attacker hits the opponent. Hitting the ball first would be required in order to count the goal in your situation. And even then it might still be a foul, if the contact is considered careless, reckless, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/92/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt; covers this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following&#xA;  offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to&#xA;  be careless, reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;kicks or attempts to kick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(...) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If an offence involves contact, it is penalised by a direct free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-01-28T15:26:30.330" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T15:26:30.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24591" CreationDate="2020-01-27T23:14:16.340" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If he hits your hand before he hits the ball, then it's definitely a foul. Just the same as it is when any player makes a tackle and instead of kicking the ball kicks his opponent's leg. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check FIFA's laws of the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offences committed against goalkeepers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• It is an offence for a player to prevent a goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• A player must be penalised for playing in a dangerous manner if he kicks or attempts to kick the ball when the goalkeeper is in the process of releasing it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• It is an offence to restrict the movement of the goalkeeper by unfairly impeding him, e.g. at the taking of a corner kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19582" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T23:14:16.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13076" CreationDate="2020-01-28T09:47:07.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often those things are not really sanctioned by any authority, and are decided by teams themselves. For example, Glasgow Rangers in 2003 decided they will have five stars on their shirts to represent their 50 titles, while Celtic's single star symbolises their victory in the 1967 European Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Germany, they have a Verdiente Meistervereine system, where teams get one star for 3 titles, two stars for 5titles, three stars for 10 titles, and four stars for 20 titles. So, for example, Bayern won 28 titles so they can show four stars on their shirts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19586" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T09:47:07.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24618" CreationDate="2020-01-29T02:07:08.033" Score="1" ViewCount="1170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will be cheering on a family member at an Ironman race later this year and as an amateur runner myself, I think it would be fun to run a few miles with him and cheer him on.  I would not take anything from aid stations or run through the finish. Is it against race regulations for a spectator to be on the course in that manner?  Is it bad form even if legal?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Running with an athlete like this may be confused with pacing?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From: &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn2.sportngin.com/attachments/document/a65d-1941592/2019_ironman_competition_rules__english_version____clean___24_april_2019.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IRONMAN competition rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Section 6.03 FINISH LINE CONDUCT&#xA;  Friends, family members, and/or other spectators are not permitted to cross the finish line or&#xA;  enter the finish chute with participating athletes. (Please note: IRONMAN desires for each athlete&#xA;  to be able to celebrate his/her accomplishment without risking the safety of other Event&#xA;  participants, volunteers, and/or spectators). Athletes who choose not to respect the foregoing&#xA;  finish line policy will be disqualified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I could run part of the course with him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19588" LastEditorUserId="16085" LastEditDate="2020-01-30T13:34:54.447" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T01:54:12.557" Title="Is it legal to run with your athlete during an Ironman?" Tags="|running|triathlon|spectators|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-01T03:37:14.383" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;My last ball on the table is the 3.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I call the 3 ball in one corner and the 8 ball in the other corner. I make contact with the 3 ball first, then the 8 ball. Does it matter if the 3 ball goes in or not? Assuming the 8 ball goes in.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this a legal call to begin with? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19594" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-07T13:13:38.717" LastActivityDate="2020-02-07T13:13:38.717" Title="What happens if I call the 3 ball in one corner and the 8 ball in another?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-02-07T13:12:55.790" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-02T10:34:11.297" Score="0" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;What was the first ever team sport to stop the timer during a match and only count actual game time? (for example the NBA or the NFL)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19604" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-02-03T04:16:35.007" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T04:16:35.007" Title="First official sport with timer stopage" Tags="|rules|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24605" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-02T16:25:55.293" Score="2" ViewCount="3281" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NBA app, I was reading the statistics of the match Lakers vs Kings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, Lakers have 10 steals, Kings have 5 steals. Moreover, Lakers have 14 turnovers, while Kings have 16 turnovers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wondered, why the number of steals and the number of turnovers differ? Shouldn't every steal result in a turnover, and every turnover be the result of a steal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastActivityDate="2023-10-11T04:59:25.697" Title="Difference between turnover and steals" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24606" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-02T18:45:19.593" Score="0" ViewCount="985" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the AFC and NFC alternate nominal home and away team status in the Super Bowl. In the theoretical case where a team makes it to the Super Bowl in the same year that their stadium hosts the Super Bowl, does that in any way alter home and away team calculus? Would that &quot;home&quot; team perhaps still be required to use the visitor locker room in their own stadium? Would they still use their away uniforms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19606" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-02-02T19:18:11.640" LastActivityDate="2020-08-04T16:06:55.750" Title="Super Bowl home field advantage - home team vs away?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2020-02-02T21:44:41.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the rule seems to be against ineligible &quot;blocking&quot; rather than ineligible &quot;receiving.&quot; 1) No one (lineman or receiver) is allowed to start a block more than 1 yard past the line of scrimmage on a pass play. 2) Linemen who are ineligible to receive are not allowed to go more than 1 yard downfield, unless they are &quot;continuing&quot; a block started in &quot;eligible&quot; territory. 3) Screen passes are exempt as long as they conform to the &quot;one yard&quot; rule. 4) Eligible receivers are allowed further downfield than one yard, but only to catch, and not to block, with would be (offensive) pass interference. 5) After a pass is complete, the above rules no longer apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules help the defense defend against passes, possibly at the expense of allowing more runs. Members of the &quot;secondary&quot; and backfield cannot be blocked, unless they go to within one yard of the line of scrimmage, say, on a blitz.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2020-02-03T01:37:27.287" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T01:37:27.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17542" CreationDate="2020-02-02T22:07:01.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fundamentally, a lineman is not allowed to go more than one yard past the line of scrimmage for blocking, or other purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a major exception to the rule, which is related to other, minor exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Major exception: If a lineman begins a block against a defender no more than one yard past the line of scrimmage, he is allowed to continue blocking that (and only that) defender as long as he maintains contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minor exception: From the above, it follows that a lineman, such as a center on a quarterback sneak, who began &quot;operations&quot; no more than one yard past the line of scrimmage is allowed to continue such an operation, such as running.  Moreover, most handoffs take place no more than one yard past the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minor exception: If the ball becomes &quot;loose&quot; anywhere on the field, anyone can try to pick it up and run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minor exception: No forward passes are allowed past the line of scrimmage but a lineman can catch a lateral (backward or sideward) pass anywhere, and run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T22:07:01.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-03T13:52:21.223" Score="4" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boxing, MMA, wrestling, etc. - in many different types of 1v1 matches, many fighters will sort of 'orbit' around each other throughout the match regardless of fighting type.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do fighters do this? Is there some sort of advantage to this 'orbit-movement' during matches? Is clock-wise spinning and counter-clock-wise spinning different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15831" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T18:07:45.770" Title="Why do boxers/fighters oftentimes spin around each other in the ring?" Tags="|boxing|mma|wrestling|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24605" CreationDate="2020-02-03T14:00:03.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A steal occurs when a defensive player legally takes possession of the ball from an opposing player during gameplay. A turnover is counted when a player with possession of the ball loses possession as the result of a violation or an opposing player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, a steal is made when a defender's aggressive action causes a turnover by either taking the ball away from the offensive player, intercepting a pass, or deflecting the ball away. Key: The steal is always credited to the defender who initially disrupted the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, who's fault is the steal/turnover? Did the defender take the initiative to take the ball? In that case, it is a steal. If the person dribbling makes a mistake (i.e passes and intercepted, travels, etc.) and that's how the opposing team gets the ball, then it's a turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15831" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T14:00:03.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-03T16:55:12.980" Score="1" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a soccer fan and rarely watch NFL. But one thing that bemuses me is the conservatism in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do teams not go for it more often on 4th and 1? The stats show it's a good play. The reward is 7 points instead of 3 and you have a 60% chance of making it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During Super Bowl LIV on 2 February 2020, the 49ers had a chance to be on 24 points instead of 20, but they went for the kick instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Chiefs made the same decision earlier in the game and went for it gaining those extra points. This game turned on those decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why isn't the media picking this up more? Why isn't the game changing towards being more aggressive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19607" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-02-05T16:29:47.920" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T21:22:19.487" Title="NFL: going for it on fourth and 1" Tags="|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24611" CreationDate="2020-02-03T20:29:29.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general there is a sweet spot along the length of the field for going for it on 4th and short yardage.  And, compared to soccer, acquiring and maintaining field position is maybe the biggest key to success. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most teams would never go for it if they haven't crossed the 50 yard line.  (there are some famous exceptions, which backfired, like Tom Brady's Patriots failing to convert deep in their own end against Peyton Manning's Colts in 2009.  The Patriots lost by a point that game)  Similarly, if the offense is within a high percentage range for their FG kicker, they wouldn't pass those points up.  Either of these are sound decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, teams go for it on 4th and short if they are past the 50 yard line, but just outside of comfortable field goal range.  The consideration is being sure to not put your opponent in too good of field position should you not make it on 4th down.  And passing up almost certain points is foolish.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens more often is going for it if the line of scrimmage is near the goal line.  Even if the offense fails, the team taking over on downs needs to be wary of giving up a safety, and the likelihood that an ensuing punt will give the original offense good field position is high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T20:29:29.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24597" CreationDate="2020-02-05T01:54:12.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certainly you wouldn't be allowed to cross the finish line with them based on the rule you cited, but as ckett said running with them in general could be considered outside assistance as a pacer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn2.sportngin.com/attachments/document/a65d-1941592/2019_ironman_competition_rules__english_version____clean___24_april_2019.pdf#_ga=2.100505310.1956488895.1580866460-1680567674.1556160290&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ironman rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.01 (i) Compete without receiving assistance from other parties (other than from Race Referees,&#xA;  Race Officials, and other athletes in accordance with Section 2.02). Receiving assistance&#xA;  (other than in accordance with Section 2.02) will result in disqualification;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though it could result in just a 30 or 60 second time penalty if you stop immediately when told.  From appendix A:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If it is possible to amend and return to the&#xA;  original situation then a 30 or 60 Second Time&#xA;  Penalty (as applicable) Time Penalty will be&#xA;  assessed, If not: DSQ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isn't anything explicitly disallowing it in the rules, so it would be worth asking one of the officials in one of the Athlete Briefing that occurs on the day before the race.  That would be the definintive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19615" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T01:54:12.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16974" CreationDate="2020-02-05T10:08:19.963" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, the only instance in which he dunked a free throw in a public setting came in December 1955, during the annual scrimmage between his Kansas freshman team and the Jayhawks varsity.&#xA;The NCAA changed the rules before he could do it in an official game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19619" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T10:08:19.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24553" CreationDate="2020-02-05T20:40:18.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Extra innings aside, &lt;strong&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(12)&lt;/strong&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Any runner is out when:] In running or sliding for home base, he fails to touch&#xA;  home base and makes no attempt to return to the base,&#xA;  when a fielder holds the ball in his hand, while touching&#xA;  home base, and appeals to the umpire for the decision;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened in the Minor Leagues in the 2019 season when Miguelangel Sierra hit a home-run, but failed to touch home plate. The opposing team (Down East Wood Ducks) called for an appeal, and Sierra was out, no points were granted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17831" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T20:40:18.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24546" CreationDate="2020-02-05T21:43:36.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not an authoritative answer, due to the lack of a source. But according to the question/answer posted &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/In-the-NBA-will-it-count-if-you-make-a-shot-when-you-are-fouled-on-a-continuation-but-step-out-of-bounds-before-you-release-your-shot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, I think the answer is &quot;the shot does not count, but two (or three, when relevant) shots will be awarded. This answer makes the most &quot;logical&quot; sense in my opinion. In practice, it seems that the basket, and one free throw, is typically awarded - unless the travel is blatant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16939" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T21:43:36.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24606" CreationDate="2020-02-06T12:07:15.820" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It hasn't happened yet for any NFL team to play the Super Bowl at their home field (though two teams played in the game when it was held in their cities/areas).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it happens, all the arrangements will remain unchanged. Both teams will be treated as &quot;away&quot; teams when it comes to their uniforms.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;home&quot; team would probably feel more comfortable than their rivals using locker room at their stadium (though they could draw the visitors locker room), and being close to their training facilities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would such a game give the &quot;host&quot; team an advantage? Well, probably only mentally, because all the other aspects would remain just the same as they would be if they'd be playing the game anywhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ticket would be split evenly, so this wouldn't make much difference, though the local fans could try some ways of getting more places for themselves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19586" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T12:07:15.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24624" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-06T15:14:29.457" Score="4" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title states - I know XFL was a league in the past, with rule differences between them and the NFL. I see the list of XFL/NFL rule differences of the &lt;strong&gt;current&lt;/strong&gt; XFL league exist &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.xfl.com/en-US/rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but I'm wondering if these are the same rules as XFL past or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for asking is - I am curious as to whether or not the viewing experience will be the same as it was in the failed XFL league of the past, or if there are new innovations to the league that may ensure it's success this time around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17831" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-02-06T15:51:04.357" LastActivityDate="2022-12-01T18:04:25.543" Title="What differences are there between the XFL rules of today and the rules of XFL past?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24626" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-08T04:21:39.057" Score="2" ViewCount="683" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a volleyball hits the top tape of the net but no part is over the net, is that considered crossing the plane?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19629" LastActivityDate="2020-07-09T15:04:25.373" Title="What is the plane of the net in volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24626" CreationDate="2020-02-10T13:54:06.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - even if the net is pushed quite far due to the speed of the ball, it's still not considered crossing the plane. If, however, this happens and then the ball moves over the top of the net such that the net begins to spring back to it's resting position at the centreline, the ball immediately breaks the vertical plane when any part of the ball passes the net, at which time it can be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2020-02-10T13:54:06.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24634" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-10T17:10:35.553" Score="3" ViewCount="1004" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm new to betting and want to know what type of mathematics are used in sports betting. I found something with Google about systems for betting but it didn't help me a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also tried to find books about this, but Google didn't show me what I wanted. All I could find is a book called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Getting the Best of It&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by David Sklansky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all I could find on the Internet and to be honest I expected a lot more than 1 one book and a few systems. Is that all you need to succeed in sports betting or do you need more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19637" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2020-02-26T07:36:46.737" LastActivityDate="2021-01-29T16:14:10.083" Title="What type of mathematics do you use in sports betting?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-12T04:46:15.120" Score="4" ViewCount="3931" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I call and shoot the 8 ball and it goes into the called pocket but the 8 bounces off opponents ball before going in, is that still considered a win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19642" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-14T12:53:13.597" LastActivityDate="2020-02-14T12:53:13.597" Title="Is it a win if the 8 ball bounces off opponents ball before making the called pocket?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24634" CreationDate="2020-02-12T11:03:59.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Mathematical sports betting is already a huge thing&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a lot of literature and research in the field of professional gambling and modelling of sporting fixtures. There are several dedicated firms, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://atass-sports.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATASS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.starlizard.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Starlizard&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sporting-advantage.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting advantage&lt;/a&gt; are three examples. Also, several big hedge funds now recruit for sports researchers and traders. With all that being said, I think you were either googling the wrong things, or didn't know how to filter out the relevant results. As the field is highly mathematical and statistical, don't be surprised if you see things which seem highly scientific or numeric. Furthermore, all the low-hanging fruit has already been picked, and making money with a mathematical approach will require a high level of expertise and competence with statistics and likely programming too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;An example introductory paper&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A nice paper to introduce someone to the ideas behind a mathematical approach to modelling sports is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.math.ku.dk/~rolf/teaching/thesis/DixonColes.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Modelling association football scores and inefficiencies in the football betting market&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  --- Dixon and Coles (1997)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This models a football team's performance by a Poisson process and produces a strategy for placing bets and proved highly profitable in their tests. Although, don't expect the bookmaker's odd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9900" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T11:03:59.053" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24641" CreationDate="2020-02-12T20:27:29.110" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA rules&lt;/a&gt;, the general rule for all types of called shot games contains:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.6 Standard Call Shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In games in which the shooter is required to call shots, the intended ball and pocket must be&#xA;indicated for each shot if they are not obvious. Details of the shot, such as cushions struck or&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;other balls contacted&lt;/strong&gt; or pocketed &lt;strong&gt;are irrelevant&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, for 8-Ball specifically, the ways to lose are detailed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.8 Losing the Rack&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shooter loses if he&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) pockets the eight ball and fouls.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) pockets the eight ball before his group is cleared;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) pockets the eight ball in an uncalled pocket; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) drives the eight ball off the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your scenario doesn't seem to describe any of these (see 3.9 for all the standard fouls), so it should not cause loss of game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T20:27:29.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24646" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-14T03:04:58.770" Score="1" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent Bruins/Blackhawk game a Bruins goal was waived off because a Bruins Player knocked the puck down with his hand. If you watch the replay carefully you can see the puck was going to go wide until the goalie played the puck with his stick and knocked it into his own goal. Was that the right call or should it have been a goal since the goalie actually put it in the goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19649" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-02-14T11:57:31.153" LastActivityDate="2020-02-14T11:57:31.153" Title="NHL Rule Question" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24646" CreationDate="2020-02-14T11:01:45.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a specific rule for exactly this  situation. It was the correct decision The goal should be, and was, disallowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;67.6 &lt;strong&gt;Disallowed Goal&lt;/strong&gt; - A goal cannot be scored by an attacking player who bats or directs the puck with his hand into the net. A goal cannot be scored by an attacking player who bats or directs the puck and it is deflected into the net off any player, goalkeeper or official. When the puck enters the net on a clear deflection off a glove, the goal shall be allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-02-14T11:01:45.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24528" CreationDate="2020-02-14T14:22:19.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Di Stefano played for both Spain and Argentina and even Puskas played for Hungary and Spain.&#xA;Even Platini turned out  in a match for Kuwait.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19651" LastActivityDate="2020-02-14T14:22:19.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24650" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-14T18:51:25.137" Score="2" ViewCount="6837" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I make my last ball, and the cue ball travels around the table and pockets the 8 ball in the same pocket, do I win or lose?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all I made the 8 ball in my last pocket and you don't have to call your last pocket since it's the only choice you have unless your playing a 3 or more rail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19654" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-16T20:01:12.227" LastActivityDate="2020-02-16T20:01:12.227" Title="Can I make my last ball and then the 8 ball in the same shot in 8 ball pool?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-02-20T16:09:31.513" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-15T16:20:28.947" Score="-1" ViewCount="1046" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to get into NBA, but ... I don't get it. The regular season seems completely pointless and irrelevant to me. There are 30 teams, and the top 16 (that's more than half!!) make it to the playoffs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Huh?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't that make the regular season completely irrelevant and uninteresting to watch? What's the point of it, when most teams go through to playoffs anyways. There's just so little on the line? Is it really all just a seeding-competition to determine who fights who in playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in contrast to European soccer, where the winner of the regular season is the &lt;em&gt;champion&lt;/em&gt;. That means every game means something, you're not just waiting for playoffs to come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19656" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-02-17T06:17:16.133" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T20:39:34.180" Title="What is the point of the NBA regular season?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24650" CreationDate="2020-02-15T16:50:39.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a shot where you your colored balls are still on the table, you cannot call the eight ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.6 Shots Required to Be Called&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The eight ball may be called only after the shot on which the shooter’s group has been cleared from the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on the shot you've described, the eight ball could not have been legally called. In that case, sinking the ball is a loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.8 Losing the Rack&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The shooter loses if he &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) pockets the eight ball and fouls.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) pockets the eight ball before his group is cleared;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) pockets the&#xA;  eight ball in an uncalled pocket; or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) drives the eight ball off the&#xA;  table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-02-15T16:50:39.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-15T20:29:04.840" Score="1" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few months ago it was announced that Russian athletes in all sports were banned from world championships and the Olympic games. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since then, I have seen many Russians still compete in such events. For instance, the ISU world championships speed skating.&#xA;Why can they still participate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19657" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-02-15T20:54:53.673" LastActivityDate="2020-02-15T21:16:52.643" Title="Why may Russians compete in world championships?" Tags="|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24654" CreationDate="2020-02-15T21:16:52.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with the athletes at the focus of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17786/who-are-the-olympic-athletes-from-russia&quot;&gt;this earlier question on Sports Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the national association is banned from involvement. This means no organisational presence, no Russian flag, no Russian anthem;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some individuals have specific bans, including a variety of athletes, coaches and training staff, and senior administrators (some for covering up doping, but a small number for possible doping in their time as athletes);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;individual athletes may (apply for and receive dispensation to) compete on their own, by proving they are not involved in any doping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/50710598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This contemporary BBC article&lt;/a&gt; describes the decision similarly and quotes relevant person's outlining:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But athletes who can prove they are untainted by the doping scandal will be able to compete under a neutral flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Travis Tygart, chief executive of the US Anti-Doping Agency, said not imposing a blanket ban on all participation by Russian athletes - even under a neutral flag - is a &amp;quot;devastating blow&amp;quot; to clean athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Triple Olympic medallist Kelly Sotherton, who was retrospectively awarded her 2008 heptathlon bronze after Russia's Tatyana Chernova failed to have a doping ban overturned, says she understands why tougher sanctions were not imposed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I think they are thinking of the majority of athletes who are doing the right thing, not the wrong thing,&amp;quot; she said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-02-15T21:16:52.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24652" CreationDate="2020-02-17T20:39:34.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA regular season (and similarly, the NHL) isn't pointless. You say that roughly half the teams make the playoffs, which means that roughly half miss the playoffs. The regular season helps filter the top half from the bottom half when determining the playoff field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, it helps to seed the playoffs. The best teams in each conference get to play the worst teams (that made the playoffs) in each conference. If the 8th best team is truly much worse than the 1st place team, then there should be no problem and the 1st place team gets to advance to the second round easily. If there isn't a large disparity, then the large playoff field does become necessary as a Best-of-Seven series can help ensure that the better team gets to advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest reason why the NBA regular season (and NHL, and NFL, etc) matters though is probably the Draft. During each off-season, there is a draft process held in which every team gets to claim signing rights of newly-eligible players. The draft is mostly in reverse-regular-season-standing order, so worse teams get to have a higher seeding in the picks. This helps the league stay competitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13379" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T20:39:34.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24661" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-18T17:09:32.553" Score="0" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking at a non-professional multi-school tournament starting soon with a major issue, that being Spring Break. Many of the schools don't have the same Spring break, and some of the schools will be closed when their matches would take place. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Previously, this has resulted in those schools having to forfeit, because our brackets system is so very basic. Giving them a bye also seems unfair to other schools, since this is an elimination tournament, and the other schools are not required to provide a reschedule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a bracket design that could understand that some schools can't participate in certain weeks, without in some way giving those schools an advantage (aka bye) or disadvantage (aka forfeit).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19666" LastActivityDate="2020-02-18T17:09:32.553" Title="Scheduling HS Brackets with Spring Break conflicts" Tags="|tournaments|schedule|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-19T16:34:11.397" Score="3" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player place a bet on himself for winning a sports event? For example a tennis player places a bet on himself for winning a match or a Grand Slam tournament? Obviously he can't place bet on losing a match cause that's an easy cheat, but placing it on himself winning is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19412" LastEditorUserId="19412" LastEditDate="2020-02-20T10:31:30.217" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T01:44:06.433" Title="Placing a bet by the athlete himself" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2020-02-26T07:39:31.370" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24665" CreationDate="2020-02-20T12:34:01.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Major League Baseball certainly does not allow players (or managers) to bet at all on the sport. You may want to look up Pete Rose and his banishment from baseball because of his betting habits. It is considered one of the bright lines in MLB. I believe all other US leagues also have harsh rules against players and coaches betting on games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This usually doesn't apply to bets in other sports or &quot;regular&quot; casino gambling (Michael Jordan had stories written about his gambling habits). And small locker room bets seem to be tolerated, i.e. you will have stories of players &quot;putting money on the board&quot; for wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T12:34:01.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24670" CreationDate="2020-02-20T08:01:36.820" Score="5" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the hypothesis that PEDs (Performance Enhancing Drugs) compensate for genetic disadvantages in athletes, thus the PEDs make the sport more &quot;fair&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not really care about the philosophic aspect (the second part of the hypothesis). I am interested in the first part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I talk about this hypothesis with a few people in the mid/top-level sport (I guess some of them actually used PEDs) and they &lt;strong&gt;somehow agree&lt;/strong&gt; with this statement. However, no one sounds 100% confident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the statement &lt;em&gt;the PEDs compensate for genetic disadvantages in athletes&lt;/em&gt; correct? I understand that such issues are not black or white so the question is maybe more like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to what level is this statement valid&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem could be also formulated in a following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider an athlete in some specific sport. This athlete is not genetically suitable for the given sport in a terms of weight, strength, speed and/or endurance (nor height or similar hardcoded parameters).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can this athlete match the more genetically suitable athletes for the given sport via the usage of the suitable PEDs? Can this athlete beat them? Or the PEDs will not be enough to match them? Would the disadvantaged athlete benefit more from PEDs than the more &quot;gifted&quot; athletes? Is ability to benefit from PEDs more limited for athletes who already has good genetic dispositions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I am talking about PEDs usage protocol that is &quot;viable&quot; for a professional sport where it is illegal (also I know there is quite a difference in how the given sport/country/league interprets the &quot;illegal&quot; issue).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not much interested in opinions or cool stories. I am asking about some large sample research or long time observation summary that seems to be valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19675" OwnerDisplayName="matousc" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-02-21T08:31:11.323" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T09:09:14.227" Title="Is statement &quot;PEDs compensate the genetic disadvantages&quot; valid?" Tags="|performance|doping|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24668" CreationDate="2020-02-21T05:28:35.120" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This simply is the opposite.   Think if everyone took PEDs...   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Understand - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genetically some bodies are more apt to have a higher muscle density.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some bodies can carry more muscle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some bodies have stronger ligaments and cartilage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So everyone takes PEDs, everyone works out the same, and let's take skill out of the equation (for the sports that require skill).   Then you will simply have the tallest, most genetically available people that are the best athletes.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of this &quot;supreme&quot; group, they will lift, run, whatever.   Their body will hit a building limit based on activity.   This limit has probably been hit by some current athletes who have taken PEDs.   Then out of this &quot;supreme&quot; group their knees will start to blow out, their hip abductors will not be able to handle the torque, their elbows will blow...    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then you are left with the people whose bodies whether genetically or luck don't crumble with the extra muscle, speed, and tension.   This is pure genetics and the exact opposite of a level playing field.   If everyone does PEDs someone under 5'8&quot; just never runs track or plays most sports.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no research for things like this.   Your research is the baseball players that have had hip issues after PEDs, the football players that tear their knees up, and some golfers (who have mysterious hip injuries and go from best player in the world to dud).   Your research is in the news everyday.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T05:28:35.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24668" CreationDate="2020-02-21T09:09:14.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a basic perspective of function, the majority of (if not all) performance-enhancing drugs do not target innate deficiencies that are due to genetics, they merely affect some bodily system in a way that improves athletic performance (hence the obvious name) regardless of whether the need for such improvement is of genetic, environmental, developmental or other origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible that the bodily system so affected has an innate deficiency which is partly or wholly based on genetic determination - for example, an athlete may have a nerve disorder that requires beta blockers as regular treatment, even though this would be doping when done by someone else to improve their fine motor control. There are processes to manage the case where someone is in both groups, but in these cases it is clear that the PED is designed to provide functionality up to the extent of what might be called &quot;normal&quot; performance, not to provide capability of going beyond this into athletic competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PED is not compensating for genetic disadvantage, any more than eating a better diet is compensating for the &quot;genetic disadvantage&quot; of a less effective digestive system or that studying tactics every day is compensating for the &quot;genetic disadvantage&quot; of a less effective memory (or a brain structure or nervous system less suitable for high performance sport than some equivalent athlete). It may coincidentally have that effect, but in practice, doping is used to provide a competitive advantage relative to normal capability, not to bring such performance up to that point in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T09:09:14.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16304" CreationDate="2020-02-21T18:10:30.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been a baseball umpire for 20+ years and have done everything from little league to high school, to adult to junior college.  Here is my take.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An umpire can change his call, period.  Case in point.  Last weekend I was on the plate and I thought an inside pitch growing hit the knob of the bat and I immediately called foul ball. My partner had the same thing.  However, the batter was quick to show me a growing welt with baseball stitches on his lower arm very near his wrist. Easy, changed to HBP, told the opposing coach why and everyone was fine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The defensive team made a correct appeal on the first runner missing 3B, the runner was called out and with 2 outs that ends the inning and the home run does not count.  For scoring purposes the batter is awarded a hit, can be a single, double or triple.  Up to the scorekeeper.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With less than 2 outs the home run counts, he scores and the runner that missed the base is declared out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19680" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T18:10:30.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24665" CreationDate="2020-02-22T01:44:06.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know about laws, but sports leagues generally bar players from engaging in gambling that is in any way related to their sport. You might think that there is a conflict of interest only in placing a bet against oneself, but while the conflict of interest is not quite a direct with regards to betting on oneself, it still is there. For instance, one could play poorly for several weeks, moving the odds in one's favor, then bet on oneself and start playing better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player betting on themselves is a bit like a CEO buying their own stock. While it is easy to see why &lt;em&gt;shorting&lt;/em&gt; one's own stock is questionable, going long can also be unethical, as a CEO is privy to insider information. Similarly, an athlete can be considered to have &quot;insider information&quot;, in that they know how healthy they are, how healthy their teammates are, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15598" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T01:44:06.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24687" CreationDate="2020-02-23T19:00:10.513" Score="0" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;0 outs, B4 hits deep fly to right catches but everyone is wheeling (and they drop relay ball is rolling around), R3 tags on third and scores, 2 misses third and scores, R1 behind him scores, BR obviously is out. Appeal is on R2 missing third.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Which runs score?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Only R1 (preceeding) not following (R3 who was forced?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think following runner scores, and preceding runners do not, but see reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umpirebible.com/ubBlog/archives/304&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.umpirebible.com/ubBlog/archives/304&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19690" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-02-25T12:05:36.123" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T12:05:36.123" Title="Who scores in 0 outs, bases loaded, missed base at 2nd, on a deep foul fly in right field tag" Tags="|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24683" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-23T19:33:14.950" Score="2" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading some novels by Hugh de Selincourt about village cricket in England. The scores are given as three numbers (e.g. 37—3—13). The first two seem to be runs so far (37) and wickets lost (3). What is the third number (13)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19691" LastActivityDate="2020-03-26T11:02:45.337" Title="3-number score?" Tags="|cricket|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20799" CreationDate="2020-02-23T21:52:33.080" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An offside position cannot occur when the ball comes from the defense, the most famous goal that illustrates that is the &quot;The hand of god&quot;, the goal was controversial because of a hand play even though Maradona was seemingly offside, the reason he wasn't, is because the ball came from Steve Hodge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19693" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T21:52:33.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24682" CreationDate="2020-02-24T17:05:01.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, preceding runners are only affected by an appeal play if both of two conditions occur:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The appeal play is for a force out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The appeal play is the third out of the inning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I think this is mentioned pretty well in the Exception(3) section of the page you linked).  But neither of these apply to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are zero outs at the start of the play, so the appeal is only the second out (with the initial catch being the first).  With less than 3 outs, force plays don't affect the scoring of runners crossing the plate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first catch means the batter is out.  So there are no force plays anywhere from this point forward.  All plays are timed.  Scoring would depend on when runners cross the plate relative to when the third out is made.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both R1 and R3 score.  B4 is out #1, R2 is out #2.  There are 2 outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-02-24T17:05:01.687" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24683" CreationDate="2020-02-25T11:01:40.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The third number will be the number of overs completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While village cricket can take a number of forms, the number of overs played is always somewhat limited.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Village cricket was playing 20-over games long before it was popularised as a professional T20 format.  The planned time is often just a Sunday afternoon, or a game will start at 6pm after work - of course there is only available light.  Then due to the vagaries of summer weather, often games are shortened at the agreement of the two captains to fewer overs to ensure both teams get an innings in the available playing time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T11:01:40.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7262" CreationDate="2020-02-25T16:58:41.123" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has been a trend in smaller players in both defense and offense , that in the old days would not play due to being thrown around like dolls.  With the new rules in effect.  Mr Hockey Johnny Gaudreau (offense) Tory Krug are examples of each who make there scoring because of there speed as one of the factors thats helping them as a superstar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19690" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T16:58:41.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2020-02-25T17:51:16.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sure it has, but it doesn't really mean anything. It's not a meaningful achievement and wouldn't have been noted. A &quot;147&quot; is a break of 147, as a &quot;century&quot; is scoring 100 points in one turn - anyone could score 100 points in multiple turns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T17:51:16.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-02-25T17:55:51.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Player B gets a free ball, because he is snookered after a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3363" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T17:55:51.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24696" CreationDate="2020-02-27T00:41:53.087" Score="0" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry if this is an easy question but I cannot find the answer anywhere. I'm wondering how the average of all batting averages in the MLB is calculated. Do you add up all the batting averages and divide by the total number of players? Or do you count the total number of hits by all players and divide that by the total at bats for all players?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19705" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T01:02:21.343" Title="How is the average batting average calculated?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24694" CreationDate="2020-02-27T01:02:21.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only the second method (total hits over total AB) would be valid.  If everyone has the same number of AB, they would be equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first method would weight the average of someone with a single AB and someone with 500 AB as equal.  If you give them weight proportional to their AB count, then you just end up with the second method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T01:02:21.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-27T03:05:31.130" Score="-2" ViewCount="593" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know five personal fouls calls for an ejection, but I cannot find anywhere why three fouls before halftime is a big deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you for help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19707" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T20:41:44.697" Title="Why is getting three personal fouls in the first half of an NCAA basketball game a big deal" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-02-28T10:11:45.903" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24702" CreationDate="2020-02-27T16:54:13.740" Score="2" ViewCount="1582" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read an interview with one of the top-level strongman competitor (I would rather not name him, cause I do not want to be toxic in any way to anyone). However, that athlete claims that he suffers from diabetes. Also according to how he describes his diet, it seems he is really doing everything to have diabetes. So my question(s):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;is it possible to have diabetes (even some easier type) and compete on the world level in strongman (or similar) competitions? (Especially with a diabetes unfriendly diet.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if is it legal to use/abuse insulin with an official diagnosis of diabetes - if so, why all athletes do not have diabetes formally?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19675" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-25T06:14:28.020" LastActivityDate="2023-08-25T06:14:28.020" Title="Diabetes and strongman athletes" Tags="|doping|strongman|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24697" CreationDate="2020-02-27T20:27:52.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Big Deal&quot; here is subjective. There is no rule in the rule book that says &quot;If a player accumulates three fouls before halftime, panic&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the coach's perspective, he would be at least slightly concerned should this situation arise (his player is 3/5 of the way to fouling out, with over 1/2 the game to play); how concerned would be dependent on his strategy, his plans to adjust his strategy for the second half, how effective that player has been during the game so far, and dozens of other non-measurable reasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19712" LastEditorUserId="19712" LastEditDate="2020-02-27T20:41:44.697" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T20:41:44.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-27T22:12:06.083" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the bails fall off at the striker's end during the delivery?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the umpire should call and signal dead ball so the batsman cannot be out nor should he attempt runs and if he does they will not count. The ball does not count as one of the over. Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16375" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-06-10T14:40:55.920" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T15:02:45.197" Title="Striker's bails off during delivery" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24699" CreationDate="2020-02-28T09:19:05.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's best to start by explaining, for any users who may not know, what diabetes is and what insulin does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Insulin is a hormone, produced in the pancreas, that allows the body to regulate its blood sugar levels. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin; type 1 diabetics thus have to inject themselves with insulin at regular intervals, or else their blood sugar will climb to dangerous levels. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, often - but not always - as a result of obesity or lack of exercise. Type 2 diabetes can be managed by exercising, eating healthily, and if necessary, medication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that out of the way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is it possible to have diabetes (even some easier type) and compete on the world level in strongman (or similar) competitions? (Especially with a diabetes unfriendly diet.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely. Sir Steve Redgrave was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 1997, and it didn't stop him from winning his fifth Olympic gold medal at the Sydney Games three years later. Spanish footballer &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacho_(footballer,_born_1990)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nacho&lt;/a&gt; was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 12, but has still carved out a successful career with Real Madrid. Wikipedia has an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_with_diabetes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;entire list&lt;/a&gt; of diabetic athletes, though it also includes athletes who developed type 2 &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; they retired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &amp;quot;diabetes unfriendly diet&amp;quot; - bear in mind that athletes, especially strongmen, have different dietary requirements to most people. They perform more exercise, and more strenuous exercise, than most people, therefore they require more calories - and since exercise uses up your blood sugar, they need more blood sugar too. So while that strongman's diet may well be unhealthy for an ordinary person, it almost certainly fulfils their own personal requirements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, type 1 diabetics can simply adjust their insulin dosage to account for any sugary foods they may eat. With careful management, there is &lt;em&gt;no such thing&lt;/em&gt; as a &amp;quot;diabetes-unhealthy diet&amp;quot;. (I don't think this is the case for type 2 diabetes, though.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is it legal to use/abuse insulin with an official diagnosis of diabetes - if so, why all athletes do not have diabetes formally?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I initially wasn't sure how one could &amp;quot;abuse&amp;quot; insulin. Certainly it would be a dangerous game: injecting too much insulin results in hypoglycemia, which at best makes you lethargic and clumsy (&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; desirable traits for an athlete), and at worst can be fatal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the comments, you linked to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28606865&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this paper&lt;/a&gt;, which describes how insulin is in fact abused as an anabolic steroid. However, the same paper notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[T]here is a paucity of data on the use of insulin as a PED [...] &lt;strong&gt;there is no evidence of improved muscle mass&lt;/strong&gt; after insulin administration in healthy adults at this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while some people &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; abuse insulin to try and gain an advantage, there doesn't seem to be any evidence that it actually &lt;em&gt;works&lt;/em&gt;. (In any case, the paper also states that the IOC have banned non-diabetic athletes from using insulin since 1998.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if there were an advantage to be gained from having diabetes, its two main causes are genetics (which are something you have no control over) and obesity/lack of exercise (which, again, are not desirable traits for an athlete). So an athlete trying to give themselves diabetes on purpose would find it very difficult - and would probably become uncompetitive through lack of fitness long before any benefits of type 2 diabetes kicked in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-05-19T12:06:23.313" LastActivityDate="2021-05-19T12:06:23.313" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-28T17:50:17.877" Score="2" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, the sport clubs and/or countries has their medical tests for the competitors in international competitions like Olympic games. However these &quot;regional&quot; exams are not standard world wide (as far as I know) and thus can be biased (also the exam can be biased from lot of other reasons too). I can imagine both:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;club/regional/country medical exam can hide conditions that makes the game unsafe for an athlete (if the athlete has a great chance to win)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;regional medical exam can fake conditions to gain some advantage (for example there is a lot of talk about asthma pandemic amongst the athletes)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question - do the particular competitions (for example Olympics) have their own medical comitee and exam every competing athlete to make sure that some &quot;standard&quot; measure was applied to all? Can athletes hide serious problems? Can they fake special conditions to gain advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19675" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T17:50:17.877" Title="Is there a medical exam for Olympic games participants provided by an Olympic comitee?" Tags="|olympics|doping|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24334" CreationDate="2020-02-28T21:09:43.617" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is partly tradition, partly perception, partly &quot;who cares&quot;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 4 seconds unless you have a really really hometown &quot;scoreboard&quot; operator there has never been any evidence of anyone having the time to stop the clock based on a mishap.  It has never happened in major college football or the NFL.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer is lacking in basics of football knowledge.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has to happen in four seconds to &quot;need&quot; the four seconds on the clock:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There has to be a gaffe or mishap.  You would not try to stop the clock if everything was working as normal.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mishap #1 would be a bad snap that is low/wide and uncatchable.   The ball is snapped, the holder has to get the ball, declare themselves down **, and then call a timeout - and the timeout has to be recognized before the scoreboard hits zero.   This has NEVER happened.   Note: That only on Field Goal tries can a player gather the ball on their knees and then be active in the play.   This allotment is only for the holder.   The reason why I mention this is when the holder is gather the bad snap, they are not down.   &quot;But they could just call a timeout&quot;.   Nope can't call a timeout when the play isn't over.   At all levels the holder would have to gather the ball and get off the knee and then take a knee or give themselves up.    This would take way more than four seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mishap #1 - same bad snap low/wide.   But this time kicker gathers it.   Almost impossible.   Maybe - big maybe - if the snapper one hopped the ball on a skip to the kicker and he took a knee and called timeout at the same time, this could be pulled off in less than four seconds.   But kickers aren't toe kickers anymore and start over to the side.   So even this 1 in 10,000 shot turns into 1 in a million - if the kicker is heady enough to field, down, and call the timeout.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mishap #2 - ball is snapped high.   Kicker could catch this and down it.   Same issue as before but with the height thing the ball is in the air longer and the kicker has further to go to give himself up.   Never happened, won't happen in 4 seconds.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mishap #3 - ball is not snapped really at all - ball hits centers leg or something.   First this might get blown for penalty (and clock is still ticking and game can end on offensive penalty).   If it doesn't, again no way an offensive lineman recovers the ball, shows that he has possession and calls a timeout in four seconds.   Never happened, never will.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tradition&lt;/strong&gt; - Going back to games in the 60s (we have video + FG kickers better) the end of game timeout was generally 3 or 4 seconds.   Note that the goal posts were at the goal line then so shorter field goals could cross the plane in 3 seconds with a quick finger in the scoreboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perception&lt;/strong&gt; - If there is a mishap (bad snap) during the try the coach does not want to get blamed for not having the ability to try again.   This is where &quot;alamoot's&quot; answer is lacking football knowledge.   Yes the coaches may call it for the perception of his reasoning but if you talk to a coach (like me) there is no way in the world your team will call a time out in that time frame.   So in the coaching world it is covering your ass from Tuesday morning QBs.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who Cares&lt;/strong&gt; - What if I tell my players to call it at 4 seconds or 1 second?   We get &lt;strong&gt;ONE&lt;/strong&gt; FG try - not two or do overs.   It doesn't matter when we call it unless we call it so soon that the time doesn't run out and we have to do a kickoff - which is the reason to let the clock down as far as possible.    If it is a 30+ yard FG try it takes 3 seconds and usually clock is ran for another second - 1.2-1.5 until kick, and about 1.5 for ball to clear goalposts.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other &quot;reason&quot; is.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;referees&lt;/strong&gt; - this does not hold at the NFL or big college level but this is real.   Junior football, high school, small college...   The referee crews are all over the place.   Some are great, some are incompetent, and some are blatantly favoring one team.   You simply don't call a timeout with 1-2 seconds left with these crews and allow controversy.   Even doing high school games with a good referee crew I will hold up a big &quot;T&quot; with my hands to the entire stadium when calling a timeout if the clock is at the end of any quarter.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Four seconds is probably a pretty safe time in that you get your kick, other team probably doesn't get a kickoff, you can take no fault if bad snap, and you don't have a clock controversy before the kick.   It has nothing to do with getting time for another kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T21:09:43.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24705" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-29T12:42:28.917" Score="5" ViewCount="707" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was under the impression that line calling is done in the following way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Freeze time at the moment the base of the ball first touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a &amp;quot;bird's eye view&amp;quot; of the ball, ie imagine looking at it from directly above. (In essence, project the 3D object to the 2D court surface.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; of the ball is intersecting the line, then the call is &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, _the base of the ball need not touch the line, as the 'back' of the ball may be 'overhanging' the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems natural enough: &amp;quot;is any of the ball intersecting the line?&amp;quot;.&#xA;In particular, the trajectory of the ball doesn't matter: if it's hit flat, almost horizontal, then the cross-section at the point of impact is exactly the same as if it were falling horizontally; one need only see the snapshot, not the whole trajectory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in the Fritz/Isner match yesterday, it seems that this is not the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zoRpb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zoRpb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cross-section is clearly intersecting the line -- the hawk-eye image on the left is at different time to the video on the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare this, though, with a Federer/Nadal match of which most of us are aware (it was in Summer 2008...): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3Ufsrx5J-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3Ufsrx5J-4&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Again, at impact, the ball clearly 'overhangs' the line. However, at no point is the ball actually in contact with the line. This ball was called in by hawk-eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems that there is inconsistency.&#xA;Can anyone share any light on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3582" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T09:53:57.353" Title="Tennis: Ball In or Out? Hawkeye vs Frame-by-Frame Video" Tags="|rules|tennis|technology|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24705" CreationDate="2020-02-29T21:43:12.733" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your impression of line calling is incorrect. The ball must physically touch the line to be counted in. An &quot;overhang&quot; as seen from directly above the ball (used in other ball sports such as football or hockey) is not enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is easiest to see with clay court games. If the ball clips or skids on the line, it leaves a dusty mark showing this. For close calls, the umpire can leave the chair and go to inspect the line themselves. If there is no mark, the ball didn't touch the line, even if it bounced such that there was a direct overhang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hawkeye's accuracy is on the order of three millimetres (3mm). Video might be claimed to show a ball not touching the line when Hawkeye returns an &quot;In&quot; result. This is accounted by the accuracy limitation, the lack of display of which has been a long-standing criticism of the use of such systems in sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-02-29T21:43:12.733" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24708" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-01T18:18:53.837" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of curiosity, I was looking up the rules of kendo, and a very peculiar rule stood out to me. If a player celebrates in any way after winning a point, even with a subtle fist pump, the point can be nullified/taken away. Personally, this sounds utterly baffling. Apparently, it is seen as disrespectful to the opponent to celebrate a point in kendo. But how, and why? Why is it disrespectful in kendo, but not in other sports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main sport that I follow is tennis, but I'm also familiar with rules of several other sports, and none of them have such a rule. In fact, celebrating a point to increase one's morale is encouraged in many sports. But I'll use tennis as my main point of comparison since it's what I know best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 2019 US Open Rafael, Nadal scored a point against Cilic by hitting the ball around the net and into the other court. He then lets out a loud yell, and understandably so. The shot that Cilic hit was extremely difficult to return, and hitting around the net is extremely rare and &lt;strong&gt;very difficult&lt;/strong&gt; to do. It seems fitting to celebrate after scoring such an impossible point. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBw63IFYaRk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBw63IFYaRk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't get me wrong, tennis also has many stringent rules and regulations, and sportsmanship/respect is highly valued. Tennis has a reputation for being a snobby/uptight sport because of that, but even then, celebrating a victory is seen as a normal thing to do. Seeing the emotions of the players displayed on the court is part of the experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17230" LastActivityDate="2023-05-06T07:57:54.550" Title="Why are players not allowed to celebrate points won in kendo?" Tags="|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-03T04:37:32.097" Score="4" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player in an offside position makes any move to allow a goal to be scored, after a deflection of an opponent, should the goal be allowed or not and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19231" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-03-03T13:13:58.050" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T13:13:58.050" Title="Soccer offside by interfering with an opponent?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24709" CreationDate="2020-03-03T06:13:25.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/files/document-category/062019/frRhKJNjSBAtiyt.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB's Laws of the Game 2019/20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goal should not be allowed if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Law 11&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Offside offence&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Interfering with an opponent by:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • challenging an opponent for the ball or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • clearly attempting to play a ball which is close when this action impacts&#xA;  on an opponent or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  • making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T06:13:25.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24713" CreationDate="2020-03-04T20:16:38.767" Score="0" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen a few records of &amp;quot;deadlift for reps&amp;quot; event in various strongman competitions and it seems that they do an all-out first set quite often, no matter how much time left till time limit. This is going against common sense, experience, observations of other sports, and any theory I can relate to this subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that it is quite common for them to start with an all-out set and get exhausted far from the time limit - for example 6 fast reps in 30 seconds and no successful rep (or at least try) in the next 30 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gd5JgoQXPeM?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc81B6OGFiw?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/tpPeekAi3pc?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If am correct, there is not a single one competitor using evenly spaced sets of one rep (in records I have seen). This lack of timing discipline seem to be really irrational in those professional athletes. My question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there a reason for this unusual strategy?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possible hypothesis to explain this behaviour I already reject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Their body works in a different way (I have not found any reason why it should be like that). Even though they could have superior genetics and use various drugs and have decades of training, they are still humans obeying the laws of this universe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They do not really know what they are doing - I do not think this is possible, they are professionals, they should know that 60 seconds is way too much time for all-out set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only hypothesis that seems to be somehow possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are avoiding doing too much work/reps (via resting between reps) to preserve energy for other events/days of the competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19675" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2023-02-09T11:46:26.777" LastActivityDate="2023-02-09T11:46:26.777" Title="Is there a reason for &quot;one set full out&quot; strategy during deadlift for reps event in strongman competitions?" Tags="|strategy|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24712" CreationDate="2020-03-04T20:58:33.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your hypothesis about the strongmen conserving energy is certainly one part of it. A few times in World's Strongest Man, I've seen a competitor do just enough reps to take the lead, and then just put the bar down and walk away even though they could probably do more. They would also be reducing their risk of injury, by not straining themselves for more reps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the main factor in this, at least in my opinion, is that if two strongmen tie for repetitions, whoever completed their reps in the fastest time wins. So if one strongman paces himself as you suggest and does 6 reps just inside the time limit, and another strongman goes all-out and does 6 reps in 30 seconds, the one who went all-out will win. The first strongman would have been better off going all-out too, and seeing if he could get 7 reps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T20:58:33.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2434" CreationDate="2020-03-06T03:53:04.077" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a massage therapist. I specialize in deep tissue and sports massage. A Swedish massage is NOT a deep tissue massage. True deep tissue is concentrated on specific areas of the body. To do a full body deep tissue it would take HOURS to complete. Deep tissue is NOT recommended before any athletic event. It would be too invasive and change the body too much. A sports massage is recommended before any sporting event. This includes friction, tapotement, range of motion of the joints to increase or decrease stiffness and gentle stretching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Post event massage is what we call the cool down massage... this is where you would receive a Swedish or circulatory massage to help flush the built-up lactic acid, decrease muscle soreness and aches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19737" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-03-06T12:44:29.693" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T12:44:29.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24716" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-07T08:03:45.697" Score="0" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsmen 1 hit the ball and take one run. So batsman 2 run, reached his crease but the step out to collect his bat that he have dropped. In this he gets stumped. Is he out ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19739" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T16:43:16.340" Title="Reaching crease and then step out" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-03-11T11:27:21.483" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24719" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-08T05:41:46.960" Score="3" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been coaching 7th grade soccer for about two seasons now, going into my 3rd this quarter, and I want to include some sport injury prevention exercises in my 1 hour and a half practice session. Reason being is that in these past two seasons, I have really noticed that a majority of my athletes have been getting injured a little more than usual due to weak ankles, a weak foot and such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my regular practices I already do stretches and warm up drills aside from practice. Obviously because these athletes are in middle school, they do not have the luxury of high school athletes that get weight room time and a sports med teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I‘m not quite sure on is how to shape my practice sessions so that the athletes can get a good warm up, stretch, and the injury prevention exercises and still have enough time to do the practicing part. Would it make better sense to do the exercises before the practice but after the stretches or at the end of it all?&#xA;Again I would very much like to keep the sessions to 1.5h to 1.75h if possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19742" LastEditorUserId="19871" LastEditDate="2020-04-29T09:57:43.043" LastActivityDate="2020-04-29T09:57:43.043" Title="Where does injury prevention exercises fit in a middle school soccer practice session?" Tags="|football|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13146" CreationDate="2020-03-09T09:13:47.587" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several players who have scored over 300 goals in top flight league.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the current scenario they they are:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. Cristiano Ronaldo (442 goals)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. Lionel Messi (440 goals)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3. Zlatan Ibrahimovic (372 goals)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other players like Gerd Muller, Jimmy Graves, Pele and Bican.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very unfair of people not counting the Brazilian leagues as the top flight domestic league because in 1960s Brazilian team regularly defeated European teams with ease. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus Bican, Pele and then Messi and Ronaldo comes up, out of all the players Pele and Josep Bican has the highest goal ration followed by Gerd Muller, Messi and Ronaldo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19744" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-03-11T11:28:07.047" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T11:28:07.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24729" CreationDate="2020-03-09T19:22:08.940" Score="0" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am 100% sure that it was in the past 2 Olympics but not the most recent in 2016. The sport was about running but there is a twist that a competitor has to complete other tasks like shooting, swimming and other stuff in a single race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team who managed to do everything first are winners. What sport could this have been?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19748" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-03-10T04:03:48.213" LastActivityDate="2020-03-10T04:03:48.213" Title="Finding a sport composed of multiple other sports" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24727" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-09T19:29:39.900" Score="2" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have often heard it said that when brushing the ball, you should hit the ball with the leading edge of the bat for maximum spin. To make this clearer, let's assume we are doing a heavy backspin serve and so we are striking the ball with a downward motion of the bat... people say that if you want to maximise the spin you should strike the ball near the lowest point on the rubber. They may also go on to say that if you hit the ball with the trailing edge of the rubber then the ball will have very little spin. See here for example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnwhP4hs6pY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnwhP4hs6pY&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I've quizzed people about why this should be so they often assume that the ball will somehow be skidding along the rubber gathering rotation as it goes before rebounding and losing contact with the rubber. If the ball is struck near the trailing edge then there is no room for this rotation-gathering process and the ball will not be so spinney.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always been sceptical about this explanation and found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG4uid69dRk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; which appears to show that the amount of skidding is tiny - perhaps a quarter of an inch at most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two questions really:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it true that brushing with the leading edge of the rubber imparts more spin than the trailing edge?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If so - why?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-08-08T16:16:18.260" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T09:13:50.290" Title="Why would hitting the ball with the leading edge generate more spin?" Tags="|technique|table-tennis|spin|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24726" CreationDate="2020-03-09T21:16:30.740" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you're describing the &lt;strong&gt;modern pentathlon&lt;/strong&gt;. Running, shooting, and swimming are three of the five events it contains - the other two are fencing and show-jumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five different events; fencing (one-touch épée), freestyle swimming (200 m), equestrian show jumping (15 jumps), and a final combined event of pistol shooting and cross country running (3200 m).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;- &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_pentathlon&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T21:16:30.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24732" CreationDate="2020-03-10T23:37:38.027" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;...more specifically, when a puck carrier dumps it in the zone and chases, this regards when contact is made by the defenseman covering him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to be a judgement call by the referee whether to allow the check, or to call interference because the defender did not allow the puck dumper to pass him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a matter of one-hit and it's legal?  Meaning, if the defender lingers and stays with the dumper, then it get called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2020-03-11T14:41:57.070" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T14:41:57.070" Title="What differentiates a check from interference?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24727" CreationDate="2020-03-11T09:18:47.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes it's in principle true, depending on how the racket is moved (see point 2). I used to play table-tennis myself and my coach taught me once a backspin service with the intention to hit the ball at the outermost point of the racket. The serve looked harmless, but when done it right, it had tremendous spin. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pre-requisite for this is to do a &lt;em&gt;quick, circle-like&lt;/em&gt; movement with the racket, rather than going straight. So you have to turn your wrist quite strongly and do a spin move with the wrist as fast as possible. In that case the outer edge of the rubber moves more quickly than inner edge, causing stronger spin on the ball. This does not work if you do a straight movement because the speed is the same on every spot of the racket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T09:18:47.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24730" CreationDate="2020-03-11T11:41:12.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, if the player has possession of the puck, they are eligible to be legally checked. Officials will give a small amount of leeway if the player has just passed or shot the puck. They will also allow the check if the puck is nearby and the player is trying to play it. Hence, on calls for interference, you will hear the announcers talk about how close or not the puck is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T11:41:12.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24738" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-13T06:59:17.203" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;so, in the NBA rulebook, it says: &quot;The gather is defined as the point where the player gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or the player cradles the ball against his body.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand everything but the meaning of &quot;changing hands.&quot;&#xA;what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19765" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T06:59:17.203" Title="Question about the Definition of the &quot;Gather&quot;" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24744" CreationDate="2020-03-13T19:00:57.830" Score="3" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the day each NCAA basketball conference tournament was cancelled, (both for men and women), there was a small ceremony where one team won the trophy for their respective conference.  I am assuming that they awarded it to the highest remaining ranking team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this OK?  Shouldn't it have been better to not have awarded trophies at all?  Shouldn't they also apply this logic to March Madness and arbitrarily pick a winner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T12:55:05.230" Title="Why are trophies awarded when the tournament gets cancelled?" Tags="|basketball|tournaments|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24885" CreationDate="2020-03-16T08:25:53.450" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player pretend to pass the ball to another and the second player pretend or act as if they have it, while obscuring the ball from the opposition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching the animated TV series &lt;em&gt;All Out!!&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;オールアウト!!&lt;/em&gt; (a show about a rugby team) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://media.giphy.com/media/Lp9BXtuI5YDSWxKd3z/giphy.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;they did such a manoeuvre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19770" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-06-06T22:55:46.127" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T08:31:54.720" Title="Obscuring the ball from the opponent" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24740" CreationDate="2020-03-16T12:55:05.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;IIRC when the ACC cancelled their tournament, the NCAA had not yet cancelled theirs. So the ACC simply designated their regular season champion (Florida State) as their NCAA tournament qualifier as ACC Champion. The NCAA cancelled their tournament afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T12:55:05.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24624" CreationDate="2020-03-16T13:03:02.353" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know all the rules of the XFL of the past, but they definitely tried to portray a more aggressive and violent form of the game. Instead of a coin toss, they had a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvN4mOkZ3fo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scramble&lt;/a&gt;. One player from each team run to the ball placed in the middle of the field. The players were more than 20 yards from the ball. The player who gains possession of the ball first, their team gets to decide if they want to Receive the kick or Defer. This also applied to over-time. This resulted in a significant number of injuries to those players. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="931" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T13:03:02.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-17T21:31:27.610" Score="1" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are planning a casual &quot;sports&quot; event with my friends for the summer. These sports events include a series of beer pong and molkky (a Finnish throwing game) matches throughout two evenings. There will be three teams with two members in each team. One match for both sports lasts around 30min.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The system I have drafted is based on three-team double elimination (3TDE). For beer pong, we will have two rounds of 3TDE - one elimination round held during the first evening and one during the second evening. The winners of these eliminations advance to the final match. If the same team wins both eliminations, it will be declared as winner and no final will be held. Each won match will yield 1 point. For molkky, we will have only one 3TDE round and the winner of the elimination round will be declared winner. Each won match will yield 3 points to balance it out with the beer pong matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some reason I'm getting a feeling this might not be a very optimal way of going about this. Is the points system &quot;pointless&quot; (no pun intended)? Should I have two rounds of 3TDE for molkky as well? One possibility would be to use a round-robin system, but there's the possibility that it will need a tiebreaker match if a &quot;circle of death&quot; is achieved (all teams win and lose once). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you think of any better alternatives or more optimal systems for this sort of setup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19774" LastEditorUserId="19774" LastEditDate="2020-03-17T21:41:43.263" LastActivityDate="2020-03-17T21:41:43.263" Title="Optimal elimination and scoring system for three-team tournament?" Tags="|scoring|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20498" CreationDate="2020-03-19T14:20:42.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Malinga's 4 wickets came across 2 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chaminda Vaas, however, took 4 wickets in an over against Bangladesh, including a hat-trick off the first 3 balls. The 4th wicket came off the 5th ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19780" LastActivityDate="2020-03-19T14:20:42.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24751" CreationDate="2020-03-20T12:08:49.363" Score="1" ViewCount="2004" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know about singles, doubles and triples, depending on where the batter ends up, while the ball is in the out field, but what if the batter has enough time to make it all the way around? Is it still a home run? Or is that what a home run actually is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16018" LastActivityDate="2020-03-20T12:46:13.810" Title="What is a hit called, that is not a home run, but still allows the batter to make it around the bases?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24750" CreationDate="2020-03-20T12:46:13.810" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A home run is when a batted ball enables the batter to make it around the bases and touches home plate without the defense committing errors. Hitting the ball over the outfield fence is the easy way to get a homer. The harder way is to run around the bases while the fielders attempt to tag you out. We call this type of home run an &quot;inside-the-park home run&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-03-20T12:46:13.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-22T10:44:17.900" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like explaining programming skills and mathematical theories to others because in the teaching or writing process I can learn more than I study alone. Some theories in education psychology also prove that this method works very well, and we can see that on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_by_teaching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt;, but most articles only mention two out of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three domains of learning proposed by Bloom&lt;/a&gt; like the following (quoted from the Wikipedia page): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;respect for other people, planning, problem solving, taking chances in public, and communication skills&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above skills are only cognitive and affective learning but not psychomotor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we improve ourselves better in sports (like tennis) by teaching others (mostly who play worse then ourselves)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19785" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-03-22T17:55:16.903" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T20:21:19.163" Title="Does learning by teaching apply also in sports?" Tags="|tennis|coaching|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24754" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-22T20:22:00.030" Score="1" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the 2016 NCAA Men's Championship for March Madness.  They are playing at the NRG Stadium in Houston.  This is a frequent site for the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This court is raised, so that each sideline and baseline has about 3 feet of court beyond it.  Then it falls steeply, where bench players, cheerleaders, coaches and camera men sit almost eye level with the surface of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any basketball player ever dived into the lower level?  In which game did this happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T20:22:00.030" Title="Has any basketball player dived over the edge?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24755" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-23T10:16:08.413" Score="1" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the age restriction rule applies in football, is there any regulation by FIFA or CAF. If a player is registered while under age, will that player still be eligible to play under that age group even if their next birth day falls within the particular football season&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19788" LastActivityDate="2020-03-23T10:16:08.413" Title="Age restriction" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-04-13T17:14:12.180" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24074" CreationDate="2020-03-23T20:43:38.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because the majority of watchers of UFC are men. Hence, the UFC uses those girls to get the attention of these men, which leads to a larger viewership and hence ultimately more money for the UFC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the same concept that underlies cheerleaders in other American sports competitions. There's a slight difference in the sense that at least cheerleaders are required to perform some possibly difficult acrobatics, but ultimately, they're all there to attract the attention of men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19790" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-03-25T22:24:05.083" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T22:24:05.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24757" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-24T03:07:34.647" Score="1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember once seeing a clip in which a young Mike Tyson knocked out his opponent with the very first punch of the fight (or round).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was an unusual knockout because he hit him in the top of the head. As soon as the bell rang, Tyson charged towards his opponent, jumped a little and punched the guy right above the forehead and he crumpled to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What fight was that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2020-03-25T19:23:50.053" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T19:23:50.053" Title="Fight in which Mike Tyson knocked out opponent with first punch?" Tags="|boxing|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20050" CreationDate="2020-03-24T07:40:18.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your opponent's serve is short, then the ball is dead immediately and the rally is over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't have a choice to return a short serve. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is unlike a serve that's going long, which you can choose to play before it goes long, provided you do so before it hits the back wall and becomes a dead ball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because the ball is still in play until it actually touches the back wall, at which point it's dead and you can no longer return it. With a short serve, the ball is dead before you have any opportunity to play it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your opponent either gets a second serve or you get a sideout depending on whether it was your opponents first or second serve and what rules you're playing by. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-03-25T22:23:33.283" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T22:23:33.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24757" CreationDate="2020-03-25T13:23:46.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe this fight? Mike Tyson vs Marvis Frazier on July 26, 1986.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He landed a few punches though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15762" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T13:23:46.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18072" CreationDate="2020-03-27T13:43:23.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The skills required to play left and right field are identical, with one exception: the configuration of the bases. A left fielder and right fielder are equally far away from second base and home plate. The right fielder is closer to first base, and the left fielder is closer to third base. For this reason, the corner outfielder with the better arm is typically put in right field, as they are more equipped to make long throws to third base (Throws from the outfield to first base almost never happen, and the few that do happen are usually from right field anyway). Arm strength is the typical criteria used to decide who plays LF/RF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one player is significantly worse defender than the other, they may also be put in RF, as balls are slightly more likely to be hit to LF than RF, due to right handed batters being more common than left handed batters.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not aware of any case of those positions switching due to the opposing teams field dimensions, although the players would certainly be capable of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15454" LastEditorUserId="15454" LastEditDate="2020-04-20T22:22:07.327" LastActivityDate="2020-04-20T22:22:07.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24762" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-27T14:56:13.740" Score="3" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, people playing different sports can be separated by age, sex, and sometimes weight. Are there any other segmentations/categories in any sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T14:56:13.740" Title="Which segmentations are there for sports?" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7245" CreationDate="2020-03-31T03:53:21.137" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1976, as a first year medic student and UK junior &quot;county&quot; player I published in &quot;Squash Player International&quot; an analysis of squash raquet and ball injuries. Backhand follow throughs took out the left eyeball, with ball injuries more severe and evenly distributed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19813" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-04-12T12:48:14.637" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T12:48:14.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8642" CreationDate="2020-04-04T08:09:09.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand this thread was posted 5 years prior to my comment today; &#xA;However here's an update for the stat fueled nerds amongst you; as of March 2020 both the lowest Test and ODI scores still stand at: 229 and 155 respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2017 the former record of 92 has been achieved in T20I matches 4 times,&#xA;the new lowest remaining score is 108! (Followed by 112)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tXKDh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tXKDh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19824" LastActivityDate="2020-04-04T08:09:09.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24789" CreationDate="2020-04-04T09:13:52.010" Score="6" ViewCount="985" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every time when the Setter is just about to set the ball he jumps and then sets the ball.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What is the rationale behind jumping?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19825" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-04-14T11:54:28.100" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T11:54:28.100" Title="Why do Setters jump before setting the volleyball?" Tags="|volleyball|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24773" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-05T18:08:16.843" Score="2" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a batsman scores a six, can he rotate the strike? Will he get the six runs and also the strike rotated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19829" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-07T08:51:52.000" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T09:34:47.530" Title="Strike rotation during a six" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24772" CreationDate="2020-04-05T18:35:20.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are multiple good reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allows more angles and directions when setting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It helps the attacker to align himself better to the ball and the opponents field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Surprises the opponent's mid-blocker due to less predictable play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10767" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T18:35:20.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24780" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-11T04:30:53.800" Score="4" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I've stumbled upon Kirk Goldsberry's shot plots and I find them very intriguing. Here's an example&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/or64W.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/or64W.png&quot; alt=&quot;with Bradley Beal's shotplot&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find these charts fascinating, so I decided to learn how to make these charts myself, except I am confused as to how Goldsberry is determining the hexagon sizes by frequency. The tutorials I've seen online would measure relative frequency from the spot of highest frequency; but this is skewed because rim shots are concentrated in one small area, while midrange and 3pt shots are much more spread out. For example, a hexaplot that I produced looks like &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x4fJ0.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x4fJ0.png&quot; alt=&quot;this&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the hexagons are much bigger at the rim due to the high volume of attempts concentrated at the rim. So what would be the appropriate way to analyze relative frequency?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19843" LastEditorUserId="20088" LastEditDate="2020-08-09T21:04:46.680" LastActivityDate="2021-09-03T22:07:25.713" Title="How do you deal with skewed frequency in Hexagonal Shot Plots for NBA Players" Tags="|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24782" CreationDate="2020-04-12T01:04:19.283" Score="-1" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;What sport uses the term &amp;quot;Butterfly Stroke&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19844" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T15:20:02.920" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T17:57:38.563" Title="Which sport uses the term &quot;Butterfly Stroke&quot;?" Tags="|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24781" CreationDate="2020-04-12T08:03:22.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_stroke&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;butterfly&lt;/a&gt; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_stroke&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;swimming stroke&lt;/a&gt;, where both arms move symmetrically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NZVVpl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NZVVpl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T08:03:22.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24783" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24784" CreationDate="2020-04-12T08:08:04.723" Score="4" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/100001919794807/posts/3657469044327053/?app=fbl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a video of a kick taken&lt;/a&gt; during kicks from the penalty mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper dived and blocked the ball from going into the goal. However as the goalkeeper was standing up immediately from the dive, his foot kicked the ball back into the goal and the referee disallowed it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a goal or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19845" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-04-18T21:02:52.293" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T21:02:52.293" Title="The goalkeeper mistakenly kicks the ball into the goal during kicks from the penalty mark" Tags="|rules|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24783" CreationDate="2020-04-12T09:07:32.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pretty close, but &lt;strong&gt;no goal&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct decision. The referee was right when he disallowed the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During kicks from the penalty mark, the kick is completed when the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is out of play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stops moving&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your video the ball just lays on the ground after the save, so the kick was already completed when the goalie kicked it into the goal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-04-12T22:23:55.023" LastActivityDate="2020-04-12T22:23:55.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24772" CreationDate="2020-04-13T11:14:04.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The setter is higher. That means that the way of the ball from the setter to the attacker is shorter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the setter is frontrow he is able to score directly on second.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The setter has a wider range of the timing when he is setting the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The receivers can put the ball for a perfect reception closer to the net&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19853" LastActivityDate="2020-04-13T11:14:04.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20124" CreationDate="2020-04-14T14:45:48.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Samsung's challenge leaderboard is a joke, and I have serious doubts about even some of the lower numbers being posted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal best with a fitness tracker was just over 42,000 steps in a day. I logged that with a Fitbit, which counted a higher step total than my Samsung watch. This happened on a Saturday, starting with a long walk before dawn and ending with a late night rebounding session. I did my regular P90X workout session and I was moving constantly throughout the day. Still, I had to work hard to reach 40,000 and I was feeling the effects of that effort several days later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer the question, no, an average of 90,000 steps a day is not sustainable. I'd argue that even 40,000 steps a day isn't sustainable for a month. If you look at the average daily steps of all Samsung Health users, it's somewhere in the range of 6,000. When you consider that blatant cheaters are skewing that average... Well, you figure it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any daily average over 20,000 steps is an accomplishment, and it takes a real commitment of time and energy to achieve even that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19855" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T14:45:48.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24794" CreationDate="2020-04-16T23:34:55.673" Score="-1" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB was supposed to launch the 2020 regular season on March 26 and was postponed due to COVID-19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/mlb-2020-season-simulation-bryant-wainwright-suspended-for-scuffle-bellinger-gets-nearly-200m-extension/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;MLB 2020 season simulation: Bryant, Wainwright suspended for scuffle; Bellinger gets nearly $200M extension&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean? Is &quot;MLB 2020 season simulation&quot; some kind of online video game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19860" LastEditorUserId="19860" LastEditDate="2020-04-17T01:10:11.940" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T02:46:56.843" Title="What does &quot;MLB 2020 season simulation&quot; mean?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24793" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24795" CreationDate="2020-04-17T01:06:33.717" Score="-3" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some clip in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/wJbiP8M_b9s?t=380&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB The Show Players League video&lt;/a&gt; looks like some kind of video games. The guy pointed out by the red arrow seems to be manipulating a playstation controller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kEXsw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kEXsw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;MLB The Show Players League&quot; some kind of video game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19860" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T02:53:58.483" Title="MLB The Show Players League" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-04-18T16:30:07.517" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24792" CreationDate="2020-04-17T02:46:56.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the MLB season cannot be played due to the novel coronavirus, the staff of writers responsible for the article (CBS Sports) decided to execute a simulation using &lt;a href=&quot;https://store.steampowered.com/app/1087280/Out_of_the_Park_Baseball_21/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Out Of The Park 21&lt;/a&gt;, a video game, as referenced twice in that very article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how the regular season's third week played out in Out of the Park 21&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because we could all use a distraction these days, we've decided to pass time by simulating the season on Out of the Park Baseball 21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &amp;quot;MLB 2020 season simulation&amp;quot; some kind of online video game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does [MLB 2020 season simulation: Bryant, Wainwright suspended for scuffle; Bellinger gets nearly $200M extension] mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means a staff of writers simulated the third week of the regular season using a video game, and the results were a scuffle and contract extension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19861" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T02:46:56.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24793" CreationDate="2020-04-17T02:53:58.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is &quot;MLB The Show Players League&quot; some kind of video game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;MLB: The Show&quot; is a video game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;MLB The Show Players League&quot; is a league of players, one from each MLB team, playing MLB: The Show, a video game. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/30-stars-compete-in-mlb-the-show-players-league?t=video-games-coverage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; sums up &quot;MLB The Show Players League&quot; quite succinctly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The “MLB The Show” players league will provide fans an opportunity to&#xA;  watch their favorite players play the video game [MLB: The Show], while also allowing&#xA;  them to interact with them through various streaming services.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19861" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T02:53:58.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24797" CreationDate="2020-04-17T05:51:20.067" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 15 teams in each league in MLB regular season games, and 7 teams in each league in post  season games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to what, MLB teams advance from regular to playoff? The number of wins? what if two or more teams get the same number of wins?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19860" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-04-17T05:52:22.963" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T08:29:27.613" Title="According to what, MLB teams advance from regular to playoff" Tags="|baseball|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24796" CreationDate="2020-04-17T08:29:27.613" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure where you're getting 7 postseason teams.  I think there's a proposal for it, but wouldn't happen before 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2012, MLB has had 5 teams from each league qualify for postseason play: three division winners and two wild-card teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these are chosen by a team's win-loss record (with every chance taken to play all games for teams that are in contention).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible for multiple teams to finish the season with identical win-loss records.  If separating them is necessary to determine who will advance, then a single game will be scheduled to break the tie immediately after the end of the regular season.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_tie-breakers#Tie-breakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has a list of previous tiebreaker games.  Most recently they were played in 2018 when both the NL West and the NL Central had ties for the winner of the division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If teams are tied, but both would advance and the difference is only to determine home-field, then no tiebreaker game is played.  Instead there are several &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/playoff-tiebreaker-rules/c-59527184&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt; that are followed, such as head-to-head record, until one team is granted the advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T08:29:27.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24803" CreationDate="2020-04-21T05:00:19.600" Score="9" ViewCount="5249" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be 2 logos for New York Yankees. The rightmost one seems to be the official one. How about the leftmost one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KDbIU.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KDbIU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19860" LastActivityDate="2020-04-21T08:06:23.293" Title="New York Yankees logo" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24802" CreationDate="2020-04-21T08:06:23.293" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The left logo is the official team logo since 1968. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The right one with the letters NY is the more famous one, because it's way older and they still use it on the caps and jerseys. This iconic logo has been introduced in 1915 and was the official brand logo until 1946 and has been used on the team wear ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1947 the Yankees introduced a logo very similar to the left one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://worldsportlogos.com/new-york-yankees-logo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Worldsportslogos.com&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportslogos.net/logos/list_by_team/68/New_York_Yankees/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sportslogos.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-04-21T08:06:23.293" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24806" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-24T00:41:58.447" Score="0" ViewCount="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never found an answer to this simple question, in the rules of Association Football, nor from any &quot;experts&quot; (who usually do not even understand what the question is about).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player is in offside position, the ball is played by a teammate, but the offside player &quot;freezes&quot; and shows they are not participating in the game.  So they are not in offside offence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the play continues, and the player at some point, &quot;unfreezes&quot; and actively participates. This happens all the time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question is: at what point in time, is the player allowed to &quot;unfreeze&quot;, without being penalized for the offside that they were previously?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the answer cannot be, &quot;wait a second and then you can play&quot;.  So this is a real question, when are they allowed to play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the answer &quot;the player must first get off offside position, that is, either get behind the second-last opponent, or get behind the ball, or get behind the halfway line, and once they do that, they can quickly, for example, turn around and participate run back towards the goal&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe that is the answer.  But if that is so, then there is the second question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it not mentioned at all in the rules of the game, and why do the players not seem to follow this rule precisely? That is, they don't seem to quickly run as fast as they can past the secon-last and quickly turn around and run back?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19886" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T00:41:58.447" Title="Association football: when is a player no longer in offside position?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-04-25T14:49:38.463" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24807" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-24T19:22:09.683" Score="4" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;While this question relates to basketball, it is more so a question of statistics and probability. I wondered if one could determine a basketball players career high shooting percentage from high school stats. A few things that I cannot account for are Shot IQ, open vs. contested shots and practice percentage (vs in-game). Players like Stephen Curry &amp;amp; Russell Westbrook take 300 makes a day (work record for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=St37h-_O8ZU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;most 3's in&lt;/a&gt; a row takes 500)...yet their 3pt% has barely risen since high school. I'll use FT% or 3pt% as possible to explain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russel Westbrook (HS-Junior 2004/05) FT: 70% on 77 attempts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russel Westbrook (College Senior 2007/08) FT: 71.3% on 150 attempts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russel Westbrook (NBA-BEST FT YEAR 2016/17) FT: 84.5% on 428 attempts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 3 years he worked up to 1.5% better. In 12 years we got to near 15% better. Lebron James follows a similar trend in 3pt shooting (this year excluded) and not much better it FT going from freshman year of HS at 79% to NBA season 08/09 at 78% (worse). All NBA players I can get high school stats on have a similar trend, either staying the same or only increasing their numbers by 5-10% (Westbrook the exception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know that height to weight ratio can cause variability (by running the numbers and cross reference to FT%). We know that some kids have a head start advantage (Curry with a sharpshooting dad). But it seems that the most a freshman high school (prodigy) can hope to increase their shooting percentage is 5-15% over their prime (15 years of practice). So what I want to know...and this may sound ludicrous, does anyone have PROOF that shooting practice actually improves shooting SIGNIFICANTLY. I know that it helps as with any skill, but it seems that the current 'practice' methods are minimally effective at making shooters better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a debate, I want &lt;a href=&quot;https://ijssst.info/Vol-16/TIL/No-3B/paper20.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;academic research&lt;/a&gt;, team data or even personal case studies to prove or disprove that volume shooting practice is effective so that coaches can make &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sloansportsconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/1505.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;data&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3936/6dd0dc545146ef0bed0097a22642bee0e326.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;driven&lt;/a&gt; decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19553" LastEditorUserId="19553" LastEditDate="2020-06-26T19:50:32.023" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T19:50:32.023" Title="Basketball shooting practice appears to have little effect over time" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|training|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-26T20:22:39.667" Score="1" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine you are 1 v 1 with a defender, you accelerate to one side, and once both of you are at full pace you change direction. If the defender knows that I will change direction, but doesn't know when, will it work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19898" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-04-27T16:44:15.030" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T18:59:59.130" Title="How to beat a defender 1v1 on the wing?" Tags="|football|technique|training|strategy|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24810" CreationDate="2020-04-26T21:31:26.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The defender has to watch the striker to react to his movements and the striker, running towards the defender tries to trick him out. The striker must therefore try to &quot;deceive&quot; the defender with movements in order to get through on the other side where he has deceived the defender. What if the striker fakes left, then right and then left? So he plays the defender &quot;dizzy&quot; and gets past the defender more easily.  Thus, the pace, agility and skill are crucial for both players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the pace is probably the most decisive, because if the striker accelerates, the defender has to react and run after.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19871" LastActivityDate="2020-04-26T21:31:26.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24812" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-26T22:22:56.260" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about the play at 6:46 when Pippen seems to do a little pass to himself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_tz29TWNdM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_tz29TWNdM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here does it again here at 3:23,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWqspeetGPc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWqspeetGPc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't this traveling? If not, can someone clarify for me traveling rules and how this doesn't break them? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19899" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-10T05:30:23.723" LastActivityDate="2022-01-10T05:30:23.723" Title="Question about basketball traveling" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24810" CreationDate="2020-04-27T22:45:52.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play left wing in soccer and believe me you have no idea how effective a simple but well performed cut or turn is when sprinting down the sideline. You don't need anything fancy, just sprint, use the outside of you foot to cut away from the sideline and behind the defender into wide open space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, executing this takes practice, when you are practicing first work on just running straight and then planting one foot, turning 90 degrees and bouncing off that foot. Start at a jog and once you get comfortable, go faster and faster till you are sprinting. As you get good at this, start practicing with a ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most defenders will be expecting a cut eventually, but won't be able to react in time. That being said, it is important to be unpredictable on the field, so firstly, don't cut in the same place each time. Second, learn one or two other moves but KEEP IT SIMPLE!! No double or triple lunges/stopovers or anything like that. I use two moves: 1) faking a cross (you really have to sell it) 2) step in front of the ball, putting myself between me and the defender, and then turn and roll the ball backwards and away from the line (similar to a maradona but more control.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But believe me the cut is litterally the most effective thing when sprinting down the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19903" LastActivityDate="2020-04-27T22:45:52.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24753" CreationDate="2020-04-27T22:50:33.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you very much can. Tennis is a very technical sport and often times we tennis players slack off on technique, causing unforced errors or become lazy, not positioning ourselves properly. We often don't realize this from our perspective, but believe me, we all do it. I was teaching some JV kids basic technique and positioning, which made me realize how I often also slack off sometimes. With doubles, it especially helps clarify strategy as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19903" LastActivityDate="2020-04-27T22:50:33.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24819" CreationDate="2020-04-28T16:57:33.700" Score="3" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in how race strategy changed during the refueling eras. Say we have a 60 lap race, you could pit on lap 20 and 40, or you could pit on lap 21 and 42. I wanted to see which strategy would be best on paper, using a very simple approach. Firstly, I assumed that pit stops don't cost time (both strategies require 2 stops anyway). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, I assumed that each extra lap of fuel difference between the strategies costs 0.1 seconds. So for example, on lap 1 the first strategy is 0.1 seconds. Having used these assumptions, I found that the strategy which pits on laps 20 and 40 is 0.3 seconds faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to understand why this is? If both strategies fuel up 60 laps of fuel over the stints then surely the pace should be the same? Taking this to its extreme, if you pit on lap 58 and 59 you are -6952.4 seconds slower. Using my knowledge of F1, this makes sense, but when thinking about it mathematically it doesn't make as much sense. Why does it matter how you split up the 60 fuel load, as long as it's split into 3 portions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19904" LastActivityDate="2020-05-14T18:23:39.283" Title="What's the best refuelling strategy in Formula 1?" Tags="|strategy|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24817" CreationDate="2020-04-28T19:43:02.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speed. If you're faster than the one before you and just fail to overtake them you stay out longer. Let them pit first and use the extra laps to gain some seconds without them slowing you down. Then you can pit and hope to come back on the track in front of your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The other way round. If you're obviously slower than the car behind you and you can prevent them from overtaking you'll want to stay out as long as possible. Either they have to pit before you or they won't have many laps left before they have to (to gain the advantage from 1.). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weather. If the forecast is predicting a change of weather (dry -&gt; rain or vice versa) you'll want to stay out as long as you can to get the right tyres for the upcoming weather. Or if the weather doesn't allow full pace you could just do like Frentzen in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_French_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France '99&lt;/a&gt;. His team had the strategy to add enough fuel to complete the race when the weather changed, while the other top cars had to pit for fuel later again.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Safety car. You can pit sooner than planned to make use of the safety car phase. This costs you basically nothing as the whole field is already at slow pace behind the SC. You'll just have to overtake those who had the same idea before you. The others have to pit sooner or later and are out of your way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-04-28T19:48:09.230" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T19:48:09.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24817" CreationDate="2020-04-28T19:56:47.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carrying extra fuel adds more weight&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For simplicity, let's assume only 1 pit stop, which will occur at either lap 30 or lap 59 in a 60-lap race. If you don't refuel until lap 59, you're spending the first part of the race lugging around all the fuel that you won't even need until the second half of the race. Starting the race with 59 laps' worth of fuel, laps 1-29 will be slower than if you had  brought only 30 laps' worth of fuel. The second half of the race will be mostly the same. With a fuel efficiency of roughly 0.75L/km, the fuel required to finish a 300km race is roughly &lt;em&gt;one-quarter&lt;/em&gt; of the minimum weight of an empty F1 car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, you'd bring as little fuel as possible and have frequent refuelings, but since each refueling takes time, it needs to be balanced with the benefit of carrying less fuel. If refueling took no time at all, the optimal strategy would be to take only 1 lap of fuel and refuel 60 times, but that's obviously impractical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to this, there's a small effect that carrying the extra fuel itself requires more fuel - the quantity of fuel that will take you 60 laps is actually &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; than double the amount it would take to go 30 laps, since the car with 60 laps of fuel weighs more than the car with only 30 laps of fuel. Adding more fuel to the tank actually decreases the fuel efficiency of any vehicle!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9709" LastEditorUserId="9709" LastEditDate="2020-05-14T18:23:39.283" LastActivityDate="2020-05-14T18:23:39.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24719" CreationDate="2020-04-28T21:43:01.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to be able to attend professional football training. There our trainers always said, that warming up is important, but stretching during the exercises and stretching at the end is much more important to prevent injuries. After the training sessions i also received a massage, which you probably cannot offer. However, at the end of each training session I would stretch with your team for 5 minutes (3-4 exercises for 30 seconds each). Form 15 seconds onwards the tension in the muscles is reduced, which is desirable after the training. Before training, stretching exercises are only possible up to max. 10 seconds well, because you activate the muscles during this time. To do this, do not use static, but dynamic stretching (by rocking back and forth). What is also beneficial for the muscles is an ice bath after training (is not very popular, but very effective...). This promotes blood flow to the stressed muscles and thus accelerates regeneration and reduces the risk of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19871" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T21:43:01.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1748" CreationDate="2020-04-29T06:22:23.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I have been looking for details and clarification to the hand being part of the ball, specifically at the high school level, I came across a few things I'd like to share. First off, is the 2017-18 NFHS Basketball Rules Book (Most recent version I could find online) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Rule 10, Section 7, ART. 2 . . . A player shall not contact an opponent with his/her hand unless&#xA;  such contact is only with the opponent’s hand while it is on the ball and is&#xA;  incidental to an attempt to play the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also, I realize &lt;a href=&quot;https://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&amp;amp;p=is+the+hand+part+of+the+ball+in+basketball#id=1&amp;amp;vid=d35c108e153a830b43721b417f9ba80e&amp;amp;action=click&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this YouTube clip&lt;/a&gt; is from the NBA but it was a good visual for me so I wanted to share.&#xA;Overall, I don't know how I feel about this rule, seems unjust in some situations but I understand that there can not be a rule that perfectly covers every situation in the game.  I feel like it mostly comes down to the refs to make good judgement calls because they can not always perfectly tell if only the hand on the ball was hit and/or if it was incidental. Or if there are no refs, it comes down to the players being honest and fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19905" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-04-29T07:09:25.140" LastActivityDate="2020-04-29T07:09:25.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-01T21:27:29.313" Score="2" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've often heard that today there are far fewer professional heavyweight boxers than there were in the 1970s, particularly due to more lucrative opportunities in other sports, and the long-term health risks of boxing as evidenced by figures like Muhammad Ali.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a claim I often see when people are claiming professional heavyweights of today to be far less capable than the golden age boxers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't have thought this to be true, as the global population is much bigger. Is there any truth to this claim?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19911" LastEditorUserId="19911" LastEditDate="2020-05-02T17:59:07.787" LastActivityDate="2024-03-27T10:04:45.613" Title="Are there fewer professional heavyweight boxers today than there were in the Golden Age of boxing in the 1970s?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16433" CreationDate="2020-05-05T13:58:53.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to this is variation. Both organizations do not like overlapping. Another example of this is that the age rules in the Olympics for soccer is much different than the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without a forced rule on this, each region can decide upon their own age-group. The exact reasoning is not known by me as to why each region chose their own age. This may have something to do with prior youth teams in the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10836" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T13:58:53.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24331" CreationDate="2020-05-06T03:56:51.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a one hand backhand player who was forced to use two hand grip for lessons back in the old days. I find that the technique is practically the same, the only difference is whether or not you use your non-dominant hand. The position of your dominant hand should be the the same in both one hand and two hand backhand. You should still turn, hit follow through in the same manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course if you do not know two handed backhand, everything I just said makes no sense, so in that case please let me know so I can explain it better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19903" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-03T13:36:03.800" LastActivityDate="2020-10-03T13:36:03.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="163" CreationDate="2020-05-08T17:12:21.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Home advantage is a huge thing, a lot in  say a contact sport like football and rugby but its almost like having an extra player when we are talking about a sport like cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cricket basically if its a bilateral series, you get to decide your own pitch and the pitch determines what kind of match if could be, whether it would help the slow bowlers or pacers etc. So a team with better slow bowlers would go with a dusty pitch.&#xA;In terms of cricket just look at the number of bilateral series' that happen, I guess most of the time the home team ends up as winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were compare the performances of India since 2012 in test cricket against England, at home India has a 55% win record, 75% against the Aussies and 85% against South Africa. While the away record shows that India has a 20% win record in Eng and SA and 18% in Australia. So I guess home advantage matters a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of other sports like football and rugby I'd say the supporters shouting you're names will pump you up and kind of serves as a motivational factor during the game. Also they create a hostile environment for the opposing players which can make their in game thinking quite slow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19930" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-14T17:09:06.603" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T17:09:06.603" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24837" CreationDate="2020-05-14T09:52:27.160" Score="3" ViewCount="1826" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am playing &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nine-ball pool&lt;/a&gt;. What happens if I pot the 9 ball as a foul shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I pot the cue ball with the 9 ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I don't hit the lowest numbered ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19939" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T06:30:46.853" Title="Potting the 9 ball in a foul shot - what happens?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24836" CreationDate="2020-05-14T09:52:27.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: The ball is returned to the table and you do not automatically loose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/#9-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National Billiard Association&lt;/a&gt; has these rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.6 Spotting Balls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the nine ball is pocketed on a foul or push out, or driven off the table, it is spotted. (See 1.4&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Spotting Balls&lt;/strong&gt;.) No other object ball is ever spotted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;spotting ball&lt;/em&gt; is defined as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.4 Spotting Balls&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Balls are spotted (returned to play on the table) by placing them on the long string (long axis&#xA;of the table) as close as possible to the foot spot and between the foot spot and the foot rail,&#xA;without moving any interfering ball. If the spotted ball cannot be placed on the foot spot, it&#xA;should be placed in contact (if possible) with the corresponding interfering ball. However,&#xA;when the cue ball is next to the spotted ball, the spotted ball should not be placed in contact&#xA;with the cue ball; a small separation must be maintained. If all of the long string below the&#xA;foot spot is blocked by other balls, the ball is spotted above the foot spot, and as close as&#xA;possible to the foot spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user19939" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-02-02T06:30:46.853" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T06:30:46.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24839" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-16T14:47:51.410" Score="0" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the next few months, we will have football behind closed doors. Teams like Liverpool and Dortmund always have a great impact from their fans, whereas some teams play better in away environments without home fan pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't this new system give an advantage to these teams? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, to compensate the lost months, rumors say that we may have more than 2 games every week, which will be a big disadvantage to teams which have fewer options for their starting 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did FIFA consider these factors while making decisions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19947" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-05-17T08:26:51.880" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T08:26:51.880" Title="Football during the COVID-19 lockdown" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-05-16T19:16:55.917" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24839" CreationDate="2020-05-16T17:56:10.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;some teams play better in away environments without home fan pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't this new system give an advantage to these teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not necessarily. I don't believe football has ever been played behind closed doors on such a massive scale before. Whether the empty stadiums will help teams who play better away from home, or hurt teams who play better at home, remains to be seen. (My naive understanding, though, is that teams who play better away from home are &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; rare.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;rumors say that we may have more than 2 games every week, which will be a big disadvantage to teams which have fewer options for their starting 11.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; just a rumour, then it might not actually happen, in which case it's a moot point. However, FIFA &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; accounted for potential fixture congestion: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52592431&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;teams will be able to make five substitutions&lt;/a&gt; instead of the usual three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-05-16T17:56:10.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-23T22:00:26.657" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a stats questions. Imagine team A has a poor FG percentage at half time and team B has a good one, would you expect those rates to convert (mean reversion) or deviate further?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there is some data to test it empirically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19963" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T04:09:15.953" Title="Basketball: will FG percentage revert to mean and continue trend at half time?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24846" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-24T21:44:26.110" Score="2" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sometimes see some UFC or other MMA fighter and their team appealing what is in as a bad judge decisions, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/5/17/21261398/dana-white-believes-edson-barboza-deserved-to-win-agrees-with-claudia-gadelha-decision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/5/17/21261398/dana-white-believes-edson-barboza-deserved-to-win-agrees-with-claudia-gadelha-decision&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20200524214442/https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/5/17/21261398/dana-white-believes-edson-barboza-deserved-to-win-agrees-with-claudia-gadelha-decision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any of these appeals trying to revert a bad judge decisions been successful? (assuming there is no obvious mathematical scoring errors, some failed drug test or some other rule violation from the opponent: the appeal is solely focus on the quality of the judge decision).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T21:44:26.110" Title="Has any appeal trying to revert a bad judge decisions been successful?" Tags="|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24847" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2020-05-25T20:18:38.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&#xA;    On Stack Exchange, we believe the core moderators should come &lt;i&gt;from&lt;/i&gt; the community, and be elected by the community itself through popular vote. We hold regular elections to determine who these community moderators will be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;    Community moderators are &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.blog/2009/05/18/a-theory-of-moderation/&quot;&gt;accorded the highest level of privilege on our community&lt;/a&gt;, and should themselves be exemplars of positive behavior and leaders within the community.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;    Our general criteria for moderators is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;patient and fair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;leads by example&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;shows respect for their fellow community members in their actions and words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;open to some light but firm moderation to keep the community on track and resolve (hopefully) uncommon disputes and exceptions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;    Every election has three phases:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Nomination&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Primary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;    &lt;li&gt;Election&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;    Please participate in the moderator elections by voting, and perhaps even by nominating yourself to be a community moderator!&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="9193" LastEditDate="2022-02-15T15:43:55.380" LastActivityDate="2022-02-15T15:43:55.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24848" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-26T03:26:13.060" Score="2" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.essentiallysports.com/ufc-news-big-challenge-for-tyron-woodley-and-others-as-octagon-size-decreased-for-ufc-fght-night/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;essentiallysports.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A smaller cage will result in more fighter interaction. As a result, there will be a higher chance of finishes rather than decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that true that a smaller cage increase the chance of finishes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-05-27T11:40:14.407" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T18:21:53.013" Title="Does a smaller cage increase the chance of finishes?" Tags="|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24845" CreationDate="2020-05-27T03:30:47.677" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No doubt that your question should be made in a more specific way.&#xA;FG% if on an extreme (High or Low), can't be kept consistently along the match - you don't get teams scoring 3pts all the time. &#xA;So, the initial perceived sentiment, is that it reverts to the mean.&#xA;I have done this analysis, using Play by Play data, and it checks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13892" LastActivityDate="2020-05-27T03:30:47.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24850" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-27T04:15:37.120" Score="3" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got really interested in the NBA (thanks to Mark Cuban). Google led me to detailed statistics of NBA players, for example, as found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_2020_per_game.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you just look at the statistics (without looking at the Position column), would you be able to tell the position of a player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19966" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-05-27T08:33:33.167" LastActivityDate="2020-05-27T11:19:02.420" Title="Can you determine the position of a player from his statistics?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24850" CreationDate="2020-05-27T08:12:00.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you wouldn't, you could differentiate groups of positions (PG &amp;amp; SG from PF &amp;amp; C) but exact position no.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, you would start by looking at Rebounds and Assists, if a player has around 8+ rebounds he is almost always a C or a PF, likewise if a player has around 7+ assists he is probably PG or a SG. The numbers I picked are arbitrary but the more the number goes up the clearer the position (PG or C). Now again there are exceptions like Jokic who averages around 7 assists or Westbrook, Simmons and Doncic who average 8+ rebounds. In that case you can then look at Offensive rebounds and mainly blocks, very rarely does a guard have more than 1.0 blocks per game, so that would tell you that a player is probably a guard even thou he has a high number of rebounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that it gets harder and harder to tell because there are different types of players for every position. For example, if a certain player has a high number of FG attempts per game and all other numbers(like rebounds, assists and so on) are low then he is probably a Shooting Guard whose main job is to score. But even that is not 100% telling because he could be a scoring Point Guard like Irving who is listed as PG but plays like a SG. Or he could be a scoring Small Forward like Paul George. There are types of players like Strech Fours who are PFs that play away from the basket and shoot more three's and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I won't even start with Lebron who could probably effectively play everything from PG to C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, unless the numbers for rebounds or assists are clearly showing that a player is a PG or C, my answer would be no, you can't tell which position a player plays based on stats. Now if you add player's height to the equation then that could be a different story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: So to clarify why I picked &quot;arbitrary&quot; numbers that I picked. If we look at, for example, the year by year leaders in assists per game it looks like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/ast_per_g_yearly.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. You can see that in the past 20 years highest number of APP is around 10,11 and before that It's more or less the same if we exclude Stockton who is one of the best true PGs ever. Almost all of those players are guards, primarily point guards, which of course makes sense. You usually can't average that many assists per game unless you organize the play which is Point Guards' main job. That is why I picked 7, because it's close to the usual highest average and around that number it gets clearer that a player is a Point Guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same goes for rebounds only the number is higher. As I said, it's not an exact science, but the higher the number of those two stats the clearer the position a player is playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19967" LastEditorUserId="19967" LastEditDate="2020-05-27T11:19:02.420" LastActivityDate="2020-05-27T11:19:02.420" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24855" CreationDate="2020-05-29T10:46:26.297" Score="3" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for assistance on a scenario where &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 1st run was successfully compeleted by the batsman on non-striking end &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd run was short by the non-striking batsman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the non-striking batsman ran for the 3rd run, the striking batsman got run out on the other end&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The non-striking batsman who took short run, came back to his crease after the other batsman got run out on the opposite end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: Will the 2nd run be considered as the player took short run initially but came back to crease when the other batsman got run out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19972" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-05-29T13:04:39.780" LastActivityDate="2020-05-29T13:04:39.780" Title="Cricket Ruling - Run out after a short run" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24854" CreationDate="2020-05-29T13:02:17.020" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand your explanation correctly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first run was properly completed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The second run was run short by the non-striker&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The striker was run out going for the third run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it hadn't been for the short run, this would result in two runs scored and the striker being run out; however, due to the short run, only one run is scored - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/scoring-runs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.3.2 Although a short run shortens the succeeding one, the latter if completed shall not be regarded as short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.4.1 if either batsman runs a short run, the umpire concerned shall, unless a boundary is scored, call and signal Short run as soon as the ball becomes dead and that run shall not be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore one run is scored, and the striker is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-05-29T13:02:17.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24856" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-30T21:45:56.687" Score="4" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know nowadays a goalkeeper can't go further than the 23 metre area and be involved in play. But they can take a penalty stroke. So, does anyone knows of a goal scored by a goalkeeper in either international or high level professional field hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19976" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-06-01T09:16:29.573" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T07:58:45.477" Title="Has a goalkeeper ever scored in field hockey?" Tags="|trivia|goalkeeper|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18598" CreationDate="2020-06-02T18:26:30.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this has nothing to do with how the skateboards looks, but has merely got to do with the evolution of skateboarding and trends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the skateboards in the videos, some boards look quite wide, and I would say it's less common this day to ride on a 11 inches wide board than it was back then (the film is from 1987). However, I think it would even be easier to perform the tricks in question with a smaller, lighter board, so I don't think this is the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My theory is that as more skate ramps and parks were built, people started to get used to more flow and high speed, and flat ground skating became less popular. This could have made the more acrobatic tricks seem outdated and as a break of the flow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13996" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T18:26:30.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12523" CreationDate="2020-06-02T18:46:04.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first I want to say that any board is good as long as you have fun riding it. I have never skated Penny boards, but I wonder if you wouldn't be interested in trying a board that has grip tape if your present board doesn't have that. You will find a great difference in how you can control the board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you think that a new board would help you I would advise you to go to a skate shop and try out different boards to choose a size that fits you.  Avoid the extremes, very small and very wide boards, and get something in the middle but that you feel comfortable with. It's easy to adapt to a size of board, so as long as you get a &quot;normal&quot; size you can't go wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would also advice you to get a pair of flat soled purpose made skateboard shoes, as this really will help in getting a good feel of the board when you skate. But any sneakers will do too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to wheels, choose them for the terrain that you mostly ride in and how you ride:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Larger wheels are slower to accelerate (often seen as a con in street skating where you might need to get up to speed fast to slide a spine or something), but have a higher speed once they get up to speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Larger wheels also tolerate more rough terrain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As so wheel hardness, hard wheels are less comfortable, slide easier but less predictable. Soft wheels has a more predictable slide and are the only thing that works on real rough asphalt. But a bigger reason for choosing hard or soft wheels is that many consider it much harder to do some tricks with soft wheels since they tend to stick when you grind and other tricks where your wheels might touch something but you want your board to keep speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the most important thing to evolve as a skateboarder is riding a lot, I would think about where I want to skate and get a board that fits that purpose. Your local skate shop would be happy to help you out, and you can try several boards there as well to see which fits you. Go visit them now! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13996" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T18:46:04.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24869" CreationDate="2020-06-02T20:35:24.103" Score="9" ViewCount="2231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFNfvY775Qo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;old Olympic marathon&lt;/a&gt; and I'm wondering... How are the marathon athlete numbers decided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other disciplines, usually the favorite has 1, then the runner up 2, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the Olympic marathon, numbers are in the thousands even if there are 100 runners, and they are not even sequential (there's #1395, then #2162, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there any logic in the marathon number attribution? Or is it just a random number picked between 1000 and 9999?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-06-02T20:55:58.737" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T16:52:46.237" Title="How are marathon numbers decided (And why do they always seem to be in the thousands?)" Tags="|olympics|marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24868" PostTypeId="6" CreationDate="2020-06-02T20:53:27.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm Philip. As I've been a pro-tem moderator here for the past two and a half years, so you've almost certainly seen my name attached to stuff already. While I freely admit to having taken a break from the site (and in fact the Stack Exchange network more generally) late last year and early this year, things have worked out in a way that I now feel happy to commit myself to the workload needed to be a moderator here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/a/976&quot;&gt;My answers to the question collection are here&lt;/a&gt;; thanks to everyone who contributed questions and to any of my fellow moderators who choose to step down at this time, and good luck to all the other candidates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-06-02T20:53:27.790" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T20:53:27.790" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-06-02T20:53:27.790" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24867" CreationDate="2020-06-02T21:04:08.260" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken, the athlete numbers are one large pool for &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; athletic events, including the track and field ones. Athletes are ordered, first by gender (women first, men last), then by country, then by last name. Numbering started at 300 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/results/olympic-games/2016/the-xxxi-olympic-games-7093747/women/100-metres/preliminary-round/startlist#resultheader&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kamia Yousufi&lt;/a&gt;, the only female athlete from Afghanistan); I'm not sure why that number was chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can even see some part of this schema in the very first frame of the video you linked to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;BRA 1226&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;KOR 2352&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LIE 2423&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MAR 2451&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MAW 2480&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hkDVD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hkDVD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of a full list of athletes with bib numbers, but our newly elected moderator Joe found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/results/olympic-games/2016/the-xxxi-olympic-games-7093747&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a site&lt;/a&gt; with the results per event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-07-10T16:52:46.237" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T16:52:46.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24870" PostTypeId="6" CreationDate="2020-06-03T00:33:19.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello, I am dly and I'm from Germany. This is actually an abbreviation of dudley, a name I used in gaming for two decades and it's a reminder of me and my pal playing the Dudley Boyz on PlayStation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I only had two major interests in all my life. Football (Soccer) and video games. Also I am pretty good in both. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I played football for the first time in 1986 and started as a striker (well, who hasn't). I got a job as goalkeeper in a U15 tournament, because ours couldn't make it. After that tournament I kept playing goalie for the next 20 years.  It so happened that I played for my favourite club for a couple of years. Unfortunately not in the Bundesliga, because they got relegated before I had the chance of joining my dream club. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I'm too old to play on a decent level I am now working as a coach. And because of my expertise I train goalkeepers. I still play from time to time, but now it's just for fun and nowhere near any professional level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next to football I also played video games and moderated quite a few gaming clans and big leagues, such as the Electronic Sports League. I administrated the Pro Series (Bundesliga for gaming) and some others, such as Anti Cheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-06-03T00:33:19.947" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T00:33:19.947" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-06-03T00:33:19.947" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24871" PostTypeId="6" CreationDate="2020-06-03T05:00:30.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello, I'm Nij. The nickname is a long story - it turns out to be easier than my real one (if you can work out either, that is!). I am or was involved in a range of sport and roles, with a focus now on hockey and football, and in officiating and coaching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been here for a while now; this was the first Stack Exchange site I joined, and of all the sites, it's still my favourite. I've learnt a lot from being here, and I've done what I can to help others learn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those who spend any notable amount of time here will have seen my work, and I believe my reputation (both personally and numerically) stands for itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been a moderator on another Q&amp;amp;A site previously, and have professional roles with similar responsibilities. I know this community well and many of its users by personality, though sadly not personally. I'm putting my hand up to moderate because I'd like to give back more, and enhance the tools with which I help maintain the quality of our content for those who have made the effort so far and those who will join in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My answers to the questionnaire &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/a/978/9319&quot;&gt;can be found here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-06-03T05:53:05.013" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T05:53:05.013" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-06-03T05:00:30.300" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24884" CreationDate="2020-06-03T18:12:14.357" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the 2016 AL Wild Card game between Toronto and Baltimore (that Edwin Encarnacion won with a walk-off), and I'm seeing what might be considered a balk, but I'm not sure why it's not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roberto Osuna pitched in relief in this game.  His delivery was smooth and normal, like most pitchers.  However, he altered his delivery in only certain situations (2-strike count, looking to put the batter away).  I'm not sure he even did it more than once or twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJeqK7iVEVI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a clip of that game and the delivery in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, with Daisuke Matsuzaka, I can understand the argument that it wouldn't be called as a balk because his hitch is part of his delivery.  But wouldn't hitching in your delivery as an exception be considered as intentionally trying to deceive the batter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2020-06-03T18:28:16.100" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T17:43:06.980" Title="Can stalling your delivery be cause for a balk?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24874" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24876" CreationDate="2020-06-04T08:36:58.323" Score="2" ViewCount="787" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be better in juggling a football, I need to have the ball touch a specific area of my foot, where is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it the middle of somewhere between instep and toes? or somewhere else like the following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AvtDD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AvtDD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zylZb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zylZb.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T09:22:42.790" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T09:22:42.790" Title="Where should the ball touch the foot when juggling in football?" Tags="|football|technique|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24874" CreationDate="2020-06-04T12:42:50.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use the instep when you're still learning it. This way it is easier to control the ball. Also make sure to keep your foot in the correct position. Most mistakes come from bad foot positioning, although it is pretty simple. Just keep the foot in the same position as if you were still standing. Then move your leg, not your foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/11txx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/11txx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also watching videos of pros doing it is a good idea. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_s2GrO_CNTE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; Marcelo does a few tricks and due to his great techniques you can easily learn from his movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-06-04T12:42:50.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24882" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24883" CreationDate="2020-06-05T17:12:42.393" Score="4" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the 1995 World Series between Cleveland and Atlanta.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I noticed Cleveland featured some bombers.  Here they are with their career HR:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LF Albert Belle - 381&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DH Eddie Murray - 504&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3B Jim Thome - 612&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RF Manny Ramirez - 555&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched for it but could not find definitively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What single day lineup featured the highest total for career HR?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T04:48:40.633" Title="What single day lineup featured the highest total for career HR?" Tags="|mlb|home-run|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24882" CreationDate="2020-06-06T03:18:48.937" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;STL in 2001 has a pretty powerful set of CI/OFs: Albert Pujols (656), Mark McGwire (583), Jim Edmonds (393), Bobby Bonilla (287), JD Drew (242), Ray Lankford (238).  Only problem is the six never start a game together, so the most you ever get is five - pretty sure every possible combination of 5 happens once, or at least most of them.  The five that exclude JD Drew happened fairly often until Lankford was traded; that's 2157 HRs from your top five bats!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest HR day of that team was on 7/6 at CLE, where they conveniently had the designated hitter; that starting lineup hit a massive &lt;strong&gt;2503 HR&lt;/strong&gt; for their careers, and left out only JD Drew.  (Craig Paquette filled in as the sixth CI/OF/DH, adding his 99 career home runs to the 140 of Edgar Renteria, 40 of Fernando Vina, and 67 of eventual manager Mike Matheny, plus the 2157 above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If you're including anyone who makes an &lt;em&gt;appearance&lt;/em&gt; in the game, then STL 2001 has some that all six of their big hitters appear in, plus Mabry or Polanco, which would add around 150 more to that total.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this doesn't surpass 1995 CLE's &lt;em&gt;normal&lt;/em&gt; starting lineup; that had 2669 HRs.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more astounding, &lt;em&gt;you missed the player with the fourth highest home run total on that team&lt;/em&gt;.  Belle only came in fifth; Dave Winfield was an occasional DH on the team, with 465 career HRs.  On &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CLE/CLE199505100.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CLE/CLE199505100.shtml&lt;/a&gt; for example, all five started; the team that day had &lt;strong&gt;2,968&lt;/strong&gt; home runs by my calculations.  That total is repeated a few other times that season, but never exceeded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of that, though, doesn't beat the Bronx Bombers of 2005.   They had a killer lineup as well, led by Alex Rodriguez (696), Gary Sheffield (509), and Jason Giambi (440); but what sealed the deal was their middle infield, Derek Jeter and Robinson Cano, hitting for major power - 260 for Jeter and 324 for Cano.  Most teams (like the aforementioned Indians) got nearly all of their power from the outfield and the corner infield, but the Yankees didn't have a player to hit for less than 175 career HR - and that was Hideki Matsui, who certainly would've hit for more in the MLB if he'd spent more time over here.  In fact, you could easily add over 300 HR if you wanted to count all of his homers with the Yomiuri Giants &#xA;- but we won't for the purposes of this exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On May 25, 2005, the starting lineup against the hapless Tigers hit for 3,305 career homers - none on that day, which is excusable since they probably were tired after going yard six times the day before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One limitation of the python program I wrote to scrape this data is that it's quite hard to get information about pitchers, compared to hitters, due to some oddities of how Baseball Reference codes its (mostly easy to parse, except for this!) pages.  So I decided to discard pitchers' totals, assuming it's unlikely that they'd make a difference, but will inspect any NL teams' totals that get close to the top in case it does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some followup:  I finished running the program from 1969-present (something changed in the html formatting 1968-&gt;1969, and as I don't think there's any chance a pre-1969 team beats out the 'roid era I'm not going to chase it down right now), and think it's correctly handling pitchers now.  No NL team gets into the top 25, unsurprisingly.  The 2003 SF Giants are the highest NL team, just beating out 2001's STL and 2000's ATL with 2522 (ATL had 2514 and STL as noted above had 2503).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Counting only one appearance per year, here are the top 30:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Game number, date, opp, result  HR#   Team Year&#xA;-------------------------------  ----  ---  ----&#xA; 46. Wed,5/25 vs DET W (4-2)#    3305  NYY  2005&#xA;   24. Wed,5/2 vs BAL L (0-5)    3223  NYY  2012&#xA;158. Wed,9/27 vs BAL W (16-5)    3202  NYY  2006&#xA;   5. Tue,4/5 vs MIN L (4-5)#    3178  NYY  2011&#xA;  105. Mon,8/2 vs TOR L (6-8)    3043  NYY  2010&#xA;37. Sun,5/11 vs CLE W (17-10)    2992  TEX  2003&#xA;  7. Sat,4/10 vs CHW L (3-7)#    2989  NYY  2004&#xA; 13. Wed,5/10 vs KCR W (3-2)#    2968  CLE  1995&#xA; 119. Tue,8/12 vs KCR W (9-0)    2876  CHW  2008&#xA;  22. Sat,4/28 vs BOS W (3-1)    2837  NYY  2007&#xA;    1. Tue,4/1 vs TOR W (3-2)    2837  NYY  2008&#xA;135. Fri,8/30 at SEA W (5-2)#    2821  BAL  1996&#xA; 45. Wed,5/23 at TBD L (6-10)    2805  TEX  2001&#xA;   56. Sun,6/7 vs TBR W (4-3)    2763  NYY  2009&#xA; 137. Mon,9/2 vs CHW W (9-1)#    2753  NYY  2013&#xA;   5. Fri,4/5 vs ANA L (1-3)#    2751  TEX  2002&#xA;  48. Tue,5/27 at CHW L (2-8)    2743  CLE  1997&#xA;  94. Thu,7/17 vs CLE W (5-4)    2720  NYY  2003&#xA;  19. Tue,4/21 at ANA W (8-3)    2702  BAL  1998&#xA;    1. Tue,4/2 vs NYY L (1-7)    2681  CLE  1996&#xA;   5. Mon,4/11 at CAL W (9-6)    2674  CLE  1994&#xA; 146. Thu,9/16 vs NYY L (5-9)    2611  CLE  1999&#xA; 109. Fri,8/6 vs NYY L (8-11)    2582  SEA  1999&#xA;  139. Thu,9/5 vs DET W (9-3)    2569  NYY  2002&#xA; 101. Sat,7/30 at CHW L (2-4)    2564  SEA  1994&#xA;  97. Sat,7/19 vs DET W (6-2)    2558  CHW  2003&#xA;  141. Sun,9/6 vs BAL L (2-5)    2550  SEA  1998&#xA; 38. Tue,5/19 vs NYY W (4-2)#    2540  OAK  1987&#xA;    1. Mon,4/3 at BAL W (4-1)    2533  CLE  2000&#xA; 110. Tue,8/13 at BAL L (7-8)    2527  TEX  1991&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And just for fun, the &lt;em&gt;bottom&lt;/em&gt; 20 - this is not the &lt;em&gt;least&lt;/em&gt; home runs in a lineup, but rather the least &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; home runs in a calendar year (so this number here is the lineup with the most career HR, as of today, that team had in that year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Game number, date, opp, result  HR#   Team Year&#xA;-------------------------------  ----  ---  ----&#xA;   3. Mon,4/2 at TOR L (2-4)#     608  CHW  2018&#xA;   2. Sat,3/30 at KCR L (6-8)     605  CHW  2019&#xA; 63. Tue,6/13 at BOS L (3-4)#     604  PHI  2017&#xA;  86. Sun,7/16 at BOS L (2-3)     595  MIN  1978&#xA; 94. Sun,7/30 at HOU L (3-4)#     587  SDP  1972&#xA;  50. Wed,5/31 vs STL L (4-5)     576  NYM  1978&#xA;   82. Sun,7/3 vs NYM W (7-0)     569  SDP  1994&#xA;78. Wed,6/26 at HOU W (14-2)#     564  PIT  2019&#xA;  45. Wed,5/30 vs OAK L (4-5)     552  MIN  1979&#xA; 152. Tue,9/20 at MIL L (1-5)     545  SEA  1977&#xA;151. Fri,9/19 vs ATL L (3-12)     545  SDP  1969&#xA;  9. Wed,4/15 at ATL L (5-7)#     542  SDP  1970&#xA; 66. Wed,6/18 at KCR L (0-13)     537  CAL  1975&#xA;  88. Sat,7/12 vs CHW W (7-0)     530  KCR  1969&#xA; 144. Sat,9/7 vs TOR W (5-3)#     517  TBR  2019&#xA; 95. Sun,7/18 at CIN L (0-3)#     493  SDP  1971&#xA;  69. Thu,6/25 vs MIN W (4-1)     491  MIL  1970&#xA; 26. Sat,4/29 at SFG W (12-4)     479  SDP  2017&#xA;  19. Wed,4/29 at CIN L (5-8)     472  SDP  1981&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Congratulations, San Diego Padres, you finally are the best at something!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally - here is the python file: &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/snoopy369/Sports.SE/blob/master/hr_totals.py&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://github.com/snoopy369/Sports.SE/blob/master/hr_totals.py&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to branch it and make it your own, maybe someone can fix the 1968-before pulls - I have no idea why those aren't working!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-06-08T04:48:40.633" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T04:48:40.633" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24873" CreationDate="2020-06-06T17:43:06.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is that the pitcher must continue his delivery &lt;em&gt;once he has swung his leg past the pitching rubber&lt;/em&gt;.  See this from &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/rules/balk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mlb.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once a pitcher has swung his free leg back past the pitching rubber while in the process of his leg kick, he must then deliver the ball to the plate or to second base on a pick-off attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don’t think Osuna does cross the rubber with the free leg during the hitch, so it’s legal. Just changing the timing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that it would not be called a balk with no runners on base. It could however be called an illegal pitch (with the same rules applying; it would simply be an automatic ball regardless of the result of the pitch unless the batter reached base safely as a result of the pitch.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T17:43:06.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24742" CreationDate="2020-06-06T19:19:03.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a referee, having looked at that it's not at all illegal. It is the equivalent of a dummy, where the player pretends to pass but doesn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons for disallowing this would be if either player obstructed the opposition, which they don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the dummy occurred at a scrum, it is penalised by a free kick under Law &lt;a href=&quot;https://laws.worldrugby.org/?law=19&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19.38.f&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="96" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T08:31:54.720" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T08:31:54.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24701" CreationDate="2020-06-06T19:26:37.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct, as stated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;20.4.2.4&lt;/a&gt; the ball becomes automatically dead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Either umpire shall call and signal Dead ball when [...] one or both bails fall from the striker’s wicket before the striker has had the opportunity of playing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that point on the ball is dead and nothing further can happen.  As also stated in the laws the ball doesn't count as one for the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general principle is if the batsmen has not had the opportunity to play the ball it shall not count as one for the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-06-06T20:09:33.470" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T20:09:33.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24469" CreationDate="2020-06-06T19:42:45.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The laws state in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 41.6 and 41.7&lt;/a&gt; define dangerous short pitched (bouncers) and dangerous full pitched (beamers) deliveries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/no-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.10&lt;/a&gt; specifies that a delivery passing above head height is a no ball.  Note this is the laws of cricket, the international playing conditions change that to be a wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question, if it's a bouncer and it passes above head height it's a no ball, and the umpire would consider whether to warn the bowler based on whether it was dangerous, if he/she considers it as such they will go through the warning process.  Whether the batsman hit it would be of limited consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a beamer it would automatically be a no ball as all such deliveries are.  Then the decision on a warning is based upon whether the ball was dangerous.  If it's considered dangerous the warning process would be followed. Again regardless of whether the batsmen hit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of danger for a beamer, we have been asked in the league I umpire in to consider any ball that would have hit the batsmen to be dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-06-06T21:03:53.363" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T21:03:53.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4189" CreationDate="2020-06-06T19:55:47.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the uk, we have requirements that players dont play open age cricket before they are 13 unless explicit permission is given by specalist expert coaches, due to ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general it would be for the coach to decide whether a player had the ability and capability to safely play at a higher age group.  Certainly I have seen 14 year olds playing in both u16 and u19 cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T19:55:47.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24889" PostTypeId="6" CreationDate="2020-06-07T06:02:31.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello, Joe here.  I've been a user on and off for several years, probably more off than on lately as I've spent most of my SE time on &lt;a href=&quot;https://parenting.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;Parenting&lt;/a&gt; as a moderator there.  I've chosen to not run in the Parenting election, to allow some new moderators to step in; as such I will have some more time to spend on Sports, and other sites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My answers to the election questionnaire are &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.meta.stackexchange.com/a/979/6232&quot;&gt;in this answer&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I'm elected, I will be a fairly hands-off moderator who will tend to prefer to let the community act in situations where it is unclear what the right answer is. My experience at moderating Parenting will be useful, I hope, and I look forward to keeping things drama-free around here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My sports interests are primarily American sports, though I can watch a game of Cricket or Rugby and understand what's going on pretty well (and enjoy doing so!) thanks to some expat friends from India and Scotland.  I'm a stats nerd, and enjoy answering sports stats questions when I have time to write a program to search them out - usually in Python.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I participate in Gymnastics casually, and run competitively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-06-07T06:02:31.680" LastActivityDate="2020-06-07T06:02:31.680" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-06-07T06:02:31.680" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1784" CreationDate="2020-06-07T16:52:26.693" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;German Central Rhine Regional Cup 2020&lt;/strong&gt; [quarter-finals]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6 goals&lt;/strong&gt; in extra time: Germania Windeck - Viktoria Arnoldsweiler 0:0 to &lt;strong&gt;0:6&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/770788/artikel/alemannia_aachen_setzt_sich_in_hennef_durch_arnoldsweiler_schiesst_sechs_tore_in_der_verlaengerung&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;kicker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20004" LastActivityDate="2020-06-07T16:52:26.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24894" CreationDate="2020-06-08T16:14:07.067" Score="2" ViewCount="1165" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the following problem. I play tennis if this is helpful, but i think this is more a psychology thing. I often do not play at 100% effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in the training as well in the real game. &#xA;All the time I play in the &quot;energy-saving&quot; mode, move the least amount to just to be able to hit the ball. If focus on given 100% i move much better, play much better balls and is just a whole other level of tennis, but 5sec later when I don't focus on this actively again, I just went back to 70%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just recognized that I do this in almost all tasks, also not tennis related. &#xA;Jogging on the treadmill is great because there I can set a pace and I am forced to run at the 100% effort speed. But when there is no external gatekeeper I always return. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can I do? How can i train this, that my body stops the energy saving mode and I do things at 100% without actively focusing on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20008" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-06-09T07:56:54.127" LastActivityDate="2020-06-10T19:38:00.550" Title="How to give 100% effort in sports" Tags="|tennis|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24893" CreationDate="2020-06-08T19:53:33.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing at 100% effort &lt;em&gt;all the time&lt;/em&gt; is not something &lt;em&gt;anyone&lt;/em&gt; does, ever.  Watch soccer (non-US: football) players.  Are they going at 100%?  Only if they have a scoring chance, or are defending a scoring chance, for the most part.  Playing at full speed in soccer means you're basically sprinting, and who can sprint for 90 minutes (or even 45)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mental effort, or attention, is a mental version of physical exertion, and it requires the same kind of careful management. You can spend 100% of currently available attention all the time, but then you run out.  Instead, players typically marshal that attention the same way they marshal their physical exertion: pay close attention when in a crucial scoring chance, pay less attention when well off the ball. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of this is to say that improving your mental abilities isn't impossible; some of that comes with simply playing more and expending that full effort sometimes, just as with improving your cardiovascular endurance or your muscle strength.  You can do mental exercises; some are going to be sport specific - search for your sport and &quot;focus drills&quot; or &quot;mental toughness drills&quot; - while some will be more general in nature.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the most part I'd recommend starting with the sport-specific ones, as you need different things in different sports - Soccer and Tennis are very different, for example.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the main thing I think here is that you shouldn't consider yourself a bad person because you can't focus 100% all of the time - you're no different from anyone else there.  How many Grand Slams would Serena Williams have if she could give 100% every play, every day?  LeBron James can't give 100% on every play, either, and while he gets a ton of flak when he does take a play off, it hasn't hurt him too much.  Play at the intensity you're able to, and turn it up to 100% in those times where you need it - during that scoring chance or that critical defensive chance, when you need the extra energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T19:53:33.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24895" PostTypeId="6" CreationDate="2020-06-08T19:58:10.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hi everybody. My name is Ola and I’m probably not as experienced as the other nominees since I’ve only been a member for 1,5 years, but I visit SE everyday. My favorite Stack Exchanges sites are (where I spend to most SE time) Board &amp;amp; Card Games, Sport, Stack Overflow and Retrocomputing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think my knowledge in sports together with my interest in keeping everything organized would greatly benefit this site. As a football referee with 31 seasons in the Swedish football leagues and 1 season in the American School Leagues my knowledge for football is vast. I’ve also played a lot of different sport from football, table tennis, tennis, badminton, floor hockey, padel and handball.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My profession has been as a developer and later on as an IT-Director for a medium sized business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2020-06-08T19:58:10.523" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T19:58:10.523" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-06-08T19:58:10.523" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24576" CreationDate="2020-06-08T21:10:11.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A passing play will still open the field more than a running play. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically if a running play for an extra point is called the offense will opt for a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formations_in_American_football#:~:text=Also%20called%20%22jumbo%22%2C%20%22,ends%20and%203%20running%20backs.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;jumbo package&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also called &quot;jumbo&quot;, &quot;heavy&quot;, &quot;full house&quot; and other similar names, this formation is used exclusively in short-yardage situations, and especially near the goal line. This formation typically has no wide receivers, and often employs 3 tight ends and 2 running backs, or alternately 2 tight ends and 3 running backs. Often, a tight end or full back position is occupied by a player who normally plays offensive line or defensive line positions to act as an extra blocker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the defense will have an opportunity for substitution they will follow suit and load the box with as many linemen as possible, possibly up to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-man_line_defense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seven&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The result is something that may end up looking like this... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tVTNgm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tVTNgm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;example of a goal line stand&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see there will be little room for a running back to maneuver between all those big bodies. The gamble for the attempting team is that the offensive line is stronger than the defensive and can push open a hole for running back to squeeze through. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the average for a running play is 4-yards, that is from a more normal line of scrimmage and in a two-point situation there are only two yards to be gained. The running back will not have the time or space to get up to full speed and potentially make a defender miss a tackle or break one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the results bear out something different... &lt;a href=&quot;https://footballscoop.com/news/youre-going-2-numbers-say/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Runs are more effective&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Noah Riley tracked all 506 2-point conversions over the past seven NFL seasons and found that only 48.8 percent were successful. What’s more, a clear pattern emerged: nearly 80 percent of all 2-point plays were passes, and only 45 percent worked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it is probably teams are &lt;em&gt;expecting&lt;/em&gt; a pass and the offense is probably lined in passing formation. this would alleviate the problem of having a stacked boxed and allow the running a larger gap to shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Obviously those 107 runs benefitted from the fact the defense expected pass; if the run/pass distribution evened out to 50-50, it’s hard to believe 63.6 of runs would still be successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16057" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T21:10:11.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24893" CreationDate="2020-06-09T04:26:56.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an interesting question and I think that it probably relates to the way your mind works(since you mentioned that it applies to things outside of tennis/sport as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But keep in mind that effort can be measured in absolute terms as well as relative terms, so giving 100% of what you know is possible versus what you think is possible will actually tend to push the boundary of what is achievable over time (take the 4 minute mile for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have played tennis competitively in the past as well, and I think that your hitting partner and trainer contribute a lot to your attitudes in practice and during the match. When you are playing with someone who is better than you it can provide the hunger to try and catch up to that person. The same applies when you play someone who is almost at your level because you want to stay ahead of them. Often having the right mix of opponents can go a long way towards pushing you to achieve more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that, when you are on the court, there are definitely techniques that you can practice to learn how to concentrate better (so you are close to 100% mentally) but these are just like your tennis playing techniques in that they need to be learnt and practiced (and tailored to your individual needs) for them to be effective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing to consider is the actual tactics that you apply on the court against an opponent. Often it is worthwhile saving some energy if you are expecting a long match, and it is also a strategy that can help you gain an advantage if applied correctly. Basically you want to play just at the level that allows you to edge out your opponent, but also able to take your game up another gear if required rather than playing flat out all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1539" LastActivityDate="2020-06-09T04:26:56.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24893" CreationDate="2020-06-10T19:38:00.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some people talk about how there are two types of motivation: extrinsic and intrinsic. I think that sports utilize and require a mix of the two. Tennis is a sport where I think that an intrinsic motivation to win is important to have and that is what can push you to play at 100%. Extrinsic motivation in tennis could be something like giving yourself a physical challenge (wearing ankle weights or a racket you aren't used to). Intrinsic motivation could be something like &quot;I want to put all of my hits within 6 inches of the out-line&quot;, since it is a mental challenge you are placing on yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's important to have a balance, and it's also important to realize that you don't always have to be at 100%. It's okay to dip to 70% of your capacity. I play soccer, and I would say that the majority of playtime is not spent at 100% exertion - if it was, I would be gassed after a short period of time. The same applies to tennis, if you are playing at 100% exertion the entire time, you will be exhausted much more quickly. Finding balance is important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20014" LastActivityDate="2020-06-10T19:38:00.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-11T16:41:29.180" Score="4" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are the players in snooker now using separate rests?  They are both touching the wood all around the sides of the table, where they rest their hand to play a shot, so what difference does touching the same wooden rest make? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20015" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-06-12T17:52:06.047" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T19:01:10.080" Title="Players in snooker, now having to use separate rests" Tags="|snooker|covid-19|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24901" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24902" CreationDate="2020-06-11T18:57:52.617" Score="3" ViewCount="2741" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only recently become interested in international football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice that, what seems like is all of the times, the goalkeeper will go to the ground to collect a rolling ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is this a rule?  Or maybe a best practice?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2020-06-14T19:44:16.697" LastActivityDate="2022-12-14T19:53:21.283" Title="Do goalkeepers always go to the ground to collect a rolling ball?" Tags="|football|technique|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24901" CreationDate="2020-06-11T22:20:02.107" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a rule in any way, the goalkeeper can pick the ball up just about any way they like (if they're in their own penalty area, obviously).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What they're trying to avoid here is any chance of a bobble or just a slight misjudgment on their part which results in them missing the ball - get as much of your body behind the ball as you can, and then you minimize the chance of something going horribly wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T22:20:02.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24901" CreationDate="2020-06-12T04:22:44.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Goalkeepers will go the ground for one of two reasons,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to avoid a spill that an opponent can challenge for, or a minor error leading to the ball going past them&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;they doubt they will collect it before the opponent touches it&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, the ball is made more secure by having more of the arm and legs and torso behind it. Such a body position requires being low to the ground, in effect lying on or behind the ball, as tends to be the final resting position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case, using the &quot;long barrier&quot; prevents a slight touch from causing the ball to be put past the goalkeeper or causing them to spill it more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also more likely when the goalkeeper is collecting the ball at high speed. Bending over to pick up the ball is relatively easy; doing so at a fast run is not straightforward, at least in a way that allows the goalkeeper to continue running much further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="16085" LastEditDate="2020-06-15T06:52:41.923" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T06:52:41.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24905" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-06-12T17:52:38.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Covid-19 pandemic&lt;/a&gt; resulted in cancellation of majority of organized sports events worldwide in 2020.&#xA;Many sports leagues/events were shutdown and eventually forced to cancel the rest of their seasons to avoid spread of the disease.&#xA;Many none league sports event were too cancelled or postponed, most notably the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; which has been postponed to summer of 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some leagues/organizing bodies which produce more revenue have been able to resume (or are in talks of resumption as of June 2020). These events have been mostly happening with no to little fans in attendance.&#xA;As a result of  months long hiatus, some leagues/sports are resumed under different format and regulation such as the modification of playoff formats in major North American Sports leagues, and FIFA allowing for more substitutions in soccer games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T20:35:40.340" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T20:35:40.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24906" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-06-12T17:52:38.947" Score="0" Body="For questions about the affects of Covid-19 pandemic on sports." OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:25:56.593" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:25:56.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24907" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-13T21:35:02.960" Score="1" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;If MLB and the players union can’t reach an agreement to start the season, could the owners use all minor league players instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20021" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-06-14T11:04:28.437" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T14:58:23.593" Title="Could MLB use all minor league players if they can’t reach a deal with major league players?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24907" CreationDate="2020-06-13T22:22:01.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first thing to note here is that there is no absolute need for an agreement to be reached - MLB has the ability to impose a schedule on the players without an agreement. Of course, if the agreement is too objectionable to the players, they would have the option of going on strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the hypothetical situation of a players' strike, the team owners &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; in theory use minor league players. However, I suspect that neither would the owners actually do this - minor league players are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; going to make a product that fans are going to tune into on television - or actually that they would be able to find enough players of even a reasonable standard to fill out the rosters; the experience of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_replacement_players#1994%E2%80%9395_Major_League_Baseball_strike&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;those players that crossed the picket line in the 1994-5 strike&lt;/a&gt; would put a lot of players off (which is of course the MLBPA's idea here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-06-13T22:22:01.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24907" CreationDate="2020-06-15T14:58:23.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will dissent in part and agree in part with Philip's answer here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible the owners would be able to start the season without employing any players represented by MLBPA (which is in effect what you're asking).  However, I think this would be exceedingly difficult.  There is a difference between a &lt;em&gt;strike&lt;/em&gt; and a &lt;em&gt;lockout&lt;/em&gt;, and in the latter case (when the owners are refusing to permit the union members from working) they can't necessarily employ other workers.  The 1994/1995 strike was a &lt;em&gt;strike&lt;/em&gt;, an action on the players' part, and thus the replacement players were permitted to be hired on whatever basis they choose; in a lockout, they can only be hired on a &lt;em&gt;temporary&lt;/em&gt; basis, and that may significantly complicate matters with minor league players some of whom would ordinarily have become players anyway - think Luis Robert for example (I'm actually not sure if he's a member of MLBPA at this point, but if he is, there are other similar players who certainly aren't).  This ignores of course the &lt;em&gt;optics&lt;/em&gt; of the situation, which would certainly not be favorable for the owners here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if they did attempt this, it's possible they'd be required to pay the major league players.  None of us have the legal document they signed on 3/26, so I don't think any of us can say exactly what would happen if they attempted to field games, but it's possible they agreed explicitly to pay the players - which might supersede their right to lock the players out.  If they did explicitly promise to pay the players in that document, then they may be out the money either way - meaning the only way to avoid paying the players would be to either cancel the season, or start it under such terms that the players would choose to strike (in which case they, of course, don't get paid).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, attempting to lock the MLPBA out and play with minor leaguers &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; season, only one season before the Collective Bargaining Agreement comes to an end, would be such an incredible act of self destruction that I can't imagine it would even come up in the Owner's meetings at all.  We could end up with multiple years without MLBPA players playing baseball games, which in turn would allow the TV stations to end their contracts - costing the owners billions of dollars - and who knows what further damage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, I'd say that for the common usage of &quot;could&quot;, the answer is &quot;no&quot;: just as no-one would state that I could become President of the US in 2021, so too would I say that the owners could not field teams of non-MLPBA members in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T14:58:23.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24911" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24912" CreationDate="2020-06-16T09:04:02.840" Score="5" ViewCount="756" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball's Euroleague, a player who is stationary receives the ball. A few seconds after receiving the ball he steps back and after both of his feet touch the ground he shoots. Is this a travel? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20025" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-06-16T10:31:53.670" LastActivityDate="2020-06-16T14:53:07.620" Title="Is this a travel under Euroleague basketball rules?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24911" CreationDate="2020-06-16T14:53:07.620" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Euroleague plays under &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;; in that rulebook, travelling is defined thusly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Establishing a pivot foot by a player who catches a live ball on the playing court:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;• A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;      &lt;p&gt;▬ The moment one foot is lifted, the other foot becomes the pivot foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;▬ To start a dribble, the pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released&#xA;      from the hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;      &#xA;      &lt;p&gt;▬ To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot, but&#xA;      neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the&#xA;      hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, if a player is stationary and receives the ball, they may pick up &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; foot and replace it, or may pick up &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; feet and replace &lt;em&gt;neither&lt;/em&gt; foot (passing or shooting in the air), but may not pick up &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; feet and replace &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-16T14:53:07.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24807" CreationDate="2020-06-16T17:53:10.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Few studies are available, however &lt;a href=&quot;https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=marietta1146691991&amp;amp;disposition=inline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one study&lt;/a&gt; I could find to date indicated that shooting 3000 shots in a 4 week period resulted in no improvement to FG%. This holds true at 6000 shots over 10 week period. However, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329913255_The_effect_of_shooting_training_on_the_development_of_the_shot_hit_rate_for_basketball_players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;same study&lt;/a&gt;, students who received feedback on each shot DID improve. This held true in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284325/pdf/11678527.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;small sampling&lt;/a&gt; of college athletes. This is further supported by the the implementation of free throw programming, with students who had &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305710247_Effect_Of_Free-Throw_Training_Program_On_Improving_Shoot_Hit_Rate_In_Young_Basketball_Players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;general shooting practice&lt;/a&gt; showing no improvement, while those who where given feedback did. Also, &lt;a href=&quot;https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/74394/6/JHSE_13-2_05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;focusing on making the shot&lt;/a&gt; as opposed to 'chucking up baskets' results in better FG%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313887522_THE_EFFECT_OF_PROGRAMME_ON_THE_ACCURACY_OF_BASKETBALL_SHOOTING&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one study&lt;/a&gt; did find that young boys when exposed to &gt;62 hours of basketball practice along with a shooting program of 2250 shots, did make improvements (there is some issue with the study as we do not know what occurred during 'practice' sessions, therefore we do not know if feedback was being provided). I only question this as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267202604_AN_EFFICIENCY_SHOOTING_PROGRAM_FOR_YOUTH_BASKETBALL_PLAYERS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;similar program&lt;/a&gt; used form work and technique had great improvement as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, it would appear that simply 'shooting 100 shots a day', as a coach may say, will NOT improve FG%. Given the data found here, it would be more effective to have the student focus on shot quality. Actually, it would appear from the data that if a shooter is not focused on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sloansportsconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/1505.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;perfecting shot LEFT/RIGHT(hand and finger form), FRONT/BACK (power), and ANGLE (elbow and release)&lt;/a&gt;, then the shooter is simply wasting their time. Thus, even if a shot is made, we would need 'grade' our mechanics.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shooting baskets is a feedback system, without feedback there is no progress. Any further data found I will add to this post for the purpose of creating a more robust recommendation for coaches. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19553" LastEditorUserId="19553" LastEditDate="2020-06-17T12:58:16.080" LastActivityDate="2020-06-17T12:58:16.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24922" CreationDate="2020-06-17T08:59:33.000" Score="6" ViewCount="673" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any official rule book for racing in Formula 1 to determine who's at fault in a racing incident, who has the apex/exit etc? I'm aware there's one describing other things like pit stops, starts, finishes and so on but I'm looking for one that talks about the rules of racing in corners and straight lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16063" LastEditorUserId="22054" LastEditDate="2021-10-27T01:50:28.307" LastActivityDate="2021-10-27T01:50:28.307" Title="Are there official Formula One rules regarding apex disputes, faults in passing and the like?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24914" CreationDate="2020-06-17T10:12:49.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/123&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Sporting Code&lt;/a&gt; and Appendix L (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/appendix_l_2020_publie_le_1_avril_2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Download PDF&lt;/a&gt;) includes the overtaking rules in chapter IV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example Rule 4.2b from Appendix L:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overtaking, according to the circumstances, may be carried out on&#xA;either the right or the left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A driver may not deliberately leave the&#xA;track without justifiable reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More than one change of direction to&#xA;defend a position is not permitted. Any driver moving back towards the&#xA;racing line, having earlier defended his position offline, should&#xA;leave at least one car width between his own car and the edge of the&#xA;track on the approach to the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, manoeuvres liable to&#xA;hinder other drivers, such as deliberate crowding of a car beyond the&#xA;edge of the track or any other abnormal change of direction, are&#xA;strictly prohibited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:25:42.943" LastActivityDate="2020-06-17T10:12:49.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24918" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-19T22:35:44.017" Score="4" ViewCount="1247" Body="&lt;p&gt;When lofting a corner kick into the air, many teams prefer to put two types of spin on the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball curves towards the goal from the general direction of the midfield (an &amp;quot;in-swinging&amp;quot; corner kick) or;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball curves away from the goal to the general direction of the midfield (an &amp;quot;out-swinging&amp;quot; corner kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because an in-swinging ball is initially moving away from the goal, it seems like the goalie would have a harder time calculating the trajectory of the ball from the ball's original flight path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the data show that in-swinging corner kicks generate more assists/goals than out-swinging corner kicks in the EPL, La Liga, or Bundesliga?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are in-swinging corner kicks utilized more frequently than out-swinging corner kicks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20027" LastActivityDate="2020-06-21T09:26:38.503" Title="Do in-swinging corner kicks generate more goals than out-swinging corner kicks?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24919" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-20T21:39:42.743" Score="0" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;If, during a lawn tennis match, one or both players request the match commissioner or the tournament organisers to substitute the umpire of the match, can the request be granted for any reasons at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20040" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-06-21T09:35:02.170" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T14:29:00.163" Title="Can a player in a lawn tennis match request that the umpire be changed?" Tags="|officiating|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24918" CreationDate="2020-06-21T09:26:38.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a certain risk for both ways and both have their pros and cons. Just counting which one produces more goals is not possible as it would ignore the fact of many shots being saved, blocked or going wide. Most corner kicks get headed out of the box by the defending team, regardless of the type of spin. Also having a player like Lewandowski or Ronaldo converting anything they touch it would not matter how you pass them the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why do you spin it in or out? This primarily depends on who is playing and the game plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spin towards the goal:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;easier to handle for the goalie&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;good opportunity to come closer to the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;good for a cross to the far side of the box to have another player pass it back to the middle, so someone else can score from there&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spin away from the goal:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goalie has a harder time to catch it, because of a longer way getting to the ball through the crowded box&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball gets too close to the goal line it will eventually pass it in mid air, so it's not a good way to get close to the goal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you can target the whole box, so it's a good way for direct goal scoring opportunities&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And which one is now better?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None, it's the mix of both. Alternating styles and player positioning is more important. Obviously it will be harder to defend, when the defenders don't know where the ball goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And what about the stats?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many teams have two or three players doing all the corner kicks. When they're all right-footed they don't care about the spin, because that's already decided by the side they're kicking from. This would render any stats useless just by the nature of the game. Also it heavily depends on the players in the box being able to convert the corner kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-06-21T09:26:38.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24914" CreationDate="2020-06-22T04:06:43.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question asks for official rules regarding disputes over the apex. Unfortunately, we cannot provide a link to those rules because FIA sporting regulation says &lt;strong&gt;nothing&lt;/strong&gt; about this (other than the generic rules for the track as a whole, as indicated in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24915/16880&quot;&gt;other answer&lt;/a&gt;, which establish that cars must remain within the track limits). You will find FIA's official regulations online going back to 1998, but in none of them you'll find any mention about disputes over the apex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the blog &lt;a href=&quot;https://f1metrics.wordpress.com/2014/08/28/the-rules-of-racing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;F1Metrics&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (2014):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of you might be surprised to learn that once a corner begins, &lt;strong&gt;the FIA sporting regulations have almost nothing to say&lt;/strong&gt;, besides ruling that drivers must remain within the track limits! Here, the sporting regulations defer to long-established norms for racing, which may not be known by all fans, and which contain significant gray areas. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most famous of these unwritten rules is the one that says that the attacker needs to have at least half his car's length alongside the defender. The same F1Metrics says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today, it is generally accepted that the attacker must be at least halfway alongside the defender when they reach the apex to have a reasonable claim to this piece of track. Moreover, the attacker should not have achieved this position by carrying too much speed to make the corner  — this method is called dive-bombing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These images, from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Williams_Renault_Formula_1_Motor_Racing.html?id=uFw_GwAACAAJ&amp;amp;redir_esc=y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Williams Renault Formula 1 Motor Racing Book&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1994), explain the scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tvkR1.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tvkR1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as already explained, those are not official rues you can find in a FIA document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T03:56:34.627" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T03:56:34.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24927" CreationDate="2020-06-23T21:29:32.583" Score="4" ViewCount="921" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically tennis player can challenge a certain number of decisions. If they lose the challenge, they lose one of those “challenges”, but if they are right they don’t. So, they could possibly challenge as many decisions they want as long as they are always right. In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/lH9jr0XVMXQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;, however, Herbert did not have any challenge left, he asked the opponent to challenge the decision, and Herbert got the point. If Herbert had challenged the decision he would have been right and lost none of his challenges. Did his opponent lose one, since it was Herbert’s point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T09:24:48.047" Title="What happens if a tennis player challenges a decision for his opponent" Tags="|rules|tennis|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24925" CreationDate="2020-06-24T11:19:19.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Herbert had challenged the decision he would have been right and lost none of his challenges. Did his opponent lose one, since it was Herbert’s point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is simple: Stakhovsky (the opponent) was right in his challenge. The initial call was OUT. Stakhovsky challenged this decision. He was right in his challenge, because the ball actually was IN. Therefore, he did &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; lose a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To whom the point is awarded is a different question based upon the final call after the review and has nothing to do with who does (not) lose a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the relevant section of the rulebook as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LPFEG.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LPFEG.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rulebook can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.atptour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="9793" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T09:24:48.047" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T09:24:48.047" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24928" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-25T05:31:30.360" Score="4" ViewCount="1974" Body="&lt;p&gt;On June 24th 2020, Ole Gunnar Solskjær the manager of Manchester United made a quintuple substitution against Sheffield United. Manchester were leading 3 - 0 in the second half, and with the game in bag, Solskjær saw no reason to save a substitution for later on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a normal soccer game each team can have upto 3 substitutions. But FIFA has raised the limit to 5 for the post Covid-19 lockdown games since many consecutive matches are being played with little rest to wrap up championships, and players haven't had proper training camp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do remember seeing the rare triple substitution, or a double by one team at the same time as a single by the other, but can't think of any instance with more players subbed all at once of the top of my head. Of course in friendly games, each team is allowed more than 3 subs, having there not been any cap till a few years ago. In theory it was possible that a manger would've subbed half or more of the team at once, but it would've defeated the purpose of the friendly match to analyze the performance of each player as well as how well they fit with their surrounding teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing 5 players of the same team being subbed at once makes me wonder what's the most number of players substituted at once - not necessarily all belonging to just one side - in any top tier league or international play, including friendlies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-07T03:10:26.150" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T03:10:26.150" Title="What's the most number of players substituted at once in a soccer game?" Tags="|football|trivia|covid-19|substitution|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24928" CreationDate="2020-06-25T07:52:20.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a friendly match against Australia on 13 February 2003, England manager Sven Goran Eriksson substituted &lt;strong&gt;all 11 players&lt;/strong&gt; at half-time. There were three reasons behind this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Man Utd manager Sir Alex Ferguson and Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger had been reluctant to release their star players for friendlies that season, due to the risk of injury or fatigue, and reportedly only agreed to release them for the Australia match if Eriksson gave them no more than 45 minutes of game time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eriksson wanted to give his younger players some match experience. Indeed, one of those 11 substitutes was 17-year-old Wayne Rooney, who made his England debut that day to become the team's youngest-ever player at the time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England were, at the time, losing 2-0. (They went on to lose 3-1.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since you're counting substitutions from both sides at once, it's worth noting that Australia also made one substitution at half-time, for a total of &lt;strong&gt;12 substitutions at once&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A year later, as a direct result of Eriksson's actions, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/2373939/Eriksson-loses-substitutes-battle.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA changed the rules&lt;/a&gt;, capping the number of substitutions in international friendlies at six per side. This record is therefore unlikely to ever be equalled, let alone beaten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T13:17:39.733" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T13:17:39.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24928" CreationDate="2020-06-25T10:03:40.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please exclude friendlies. There are tons of games where the whole team gets subbed at halftime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bayern Munich - Real Madrid (21.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4570802/aufstellung/bayern-muenchen-14/real-madrid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 Subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime; 11 Real + 5 Bayern)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arsenal - Bayern (18.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4570801/aufstellung/fc-arsenal/bayern-muenchen-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;13 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime; 11 Bayern + 2 Arsenal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ajax - Watford (18.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4598618/schema/ajax-amsterdam/fc-watford&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;14 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stuttgart - Freiburg (19.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4600356/aufstellung/vfb-stuttgart-11/sc-freiburg-7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18 subs&lt;/a&gt; in 61')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ManU - Leeds (17.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4598614/aufstellung/manchester-united-513/leeds-united&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime; all ManU)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mainz - Vallecano (17.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4598132/aufstellung/1-fsv-mainz-05-30/rayo-vallecano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime; all Mainz)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aue - Hertha Berlin (17.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4574236/aufstellung/erzgebirge-aue-64/hertha-bsc-29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;16 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mönchengladbach - Basaksehir (17.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4600182/aufstellung/borussia-mgladbach-15/istanbul-bb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;15 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Eindhoven - Wolfsburg (17.07.2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4574816/aufstellung/psv-eindhoven/vfl-wolfsburg-24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All those games were played within a week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record I've found so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kicker.de/4598623/aufstellung/fc-liverpool-512/fc-sevilla&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liverpool - Sevilla&lt;/a&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;20 subs&lt;/strong&gt; at halftime (22.07.2019)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's get back to games that actually matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are &lt;strong&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/strong&gt; games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Köln - Mainz (17.05.2020, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3203665&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 subs&lt;/a&gt; in 83')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Düsseldorf - Hoffenheim (06.06.2020, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3203699&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4 subs&lt;/a&gt; from Düsseldorf in 66')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mainz - Hoffenheim (30.05.2020, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3203689&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 subs&lt;/a&gt; at halftime)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Freiburg - H. Berlin (16.06.2020, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3203718&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 subs&lt;/a&gt; in 82')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T22:39:55.930" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T22:39:55.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24935" CreationDate="2020-06-26T09:03:59.433" Score="3" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an old Wilson Supreme basketball (see picture) and would like to know, if it is suitable to use outdoors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4IGq8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4IGq8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Wilson Supreme basketball&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20053" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T17:10:53.090" Title="Is the Wilson Supreme Cusion Design a basketball suitable for outdoor use?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24933" CreationDate="2020-06-26T14:47:38.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there's no rule for what makes a basketball an &amp;quot;indoor ball&amp;quot; vs. an &amp;quot;outdoor ball&amp;quot;, indoor balls are typically made of full-grain leather while outdoor balls are made of rubber or composite leather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like the Wilson Supreme ball has a rubber sponge coating so I'd say it's designed to withstand outdoor use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mentioned that the ball is old; all balls deteriorate with use. Try shooting around and, if you find that the ball is slippery, you may want to invest in a new ball. Because rubber / composite leather are much cheaper materials, outdoor balls tend to be much more affordable than indoor balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20027" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T14:47:38.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24933" CreationDate="2020-06-26T17:10:53.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basketballs are usually made of one of three coatings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leather: Intended for indoor use only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Synthetic/Hybrid leather: Can be used either indoor or outdoor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rubber: Can be used either place, but more aimed at outdoor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.instash.com/best-outdoor-basketballs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; toward the bottom for some explanation of these.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://protips.dickssportinggoods.com/sports-and-activities/basketball/how-to-care-for-your-basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dick's also has a good explanation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leather may have a reputation for being tough, but a leather basketball should be handled with care. Basketballs made with leather are meant for indoor courts only. Surfaces like gravel and concrete can cause damage to your ball by tearing the material apart or flattening the raised surfaces which, over time, can destroy the grip of the ball. When transporting a leather ball outside, it may be tempting to dribble it, but this is one time you will find yourself in trouble if you don’t carry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketballs made of rubber or synthetic materials are better suited for rough outdoor surfaces and will be at less risk for the same type of damage. Using the right type of ball for the court you’re playing on will go a long way in preserving the life of your ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.instash.com/best-outdoor-basketballs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the product description&lt;/a&gt; (and this was identical on several sites, so this likely came from Wilson directly, though they no longer list this ball on their own page), the Wilson Supreme was a Rubber coated ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Revolutionary rubber cover combines high performance butyl rubber with sponge rubber for enhanced durability and a soft feel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indoor/outdoor use&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, it seems like it is appropriate for outdoor use.  You'll likely need to clean it carefully (use a toothbrush and soapy water) to help restore some of its grip, given its age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T17:10:53.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24937" CreationDate="2020-06-27T15:26:21.423" Score="1" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching an old baseball game on the MLB channel a few weeks ago. I think this game was played in 1952. The manager of one of the teams was also coaching 3rd base for his team. Would that have been a common thing to do in 1952 or anytime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastActivityDate="2021-07-07T23:21:50.597" Title="Manager coaching third. Was that ever common?" Tags="|mlb|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24936" CreationDate="2020-06-27T18:14:20.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Managers did take on the role of third base coach (or rather, did what is now the job of third base coach) early in MLB history, though by 1952 it would have been more rare.  See this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; entry for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the 1920s, most Major League teams had two full-time coaches, although the manager often doubled as third-base coach and specialists such as pitching coaches were rare. After World War II, most MLB teams listed between three and five coaches on their roster, as managers increasingly ran their teams from the dugout full-time, and appointed pitching and bullpen coaches to assist them and the baseline coaches. Batting and bench coaches came into vogue during the 1960s and later.[1]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T18:14:20.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24938" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-27T23:11:06.837" Score="3" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to create a model of Silverstone and need the exact dimensions of the track. I need the lengths of everything and the angles and sizes of every corner. Does anybody know where this can be found?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried using Google Maps and measuring the distances using the measure tool, however my measurements are always out by a bit. I want to know if there is any website or if anyone knows all the dimensions for the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20061" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-06-28T08:33:30.347" LastActivityDate="2020-06-28T08:33:30.347" Title="What are the exact dimensions of Silverstone?" Tags="|formula-1|venues|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24943" CreationDate="2020-06-28T10:56:07.070" Score="3" ViewCount="624" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching some of the videos here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://videorulebook.nba.com/rule/back-downs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://videorulebook.nba.com/rule/back-downs/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that whenever a defender legitimately falls down (not a flop), while defending the post an offensive foul is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So couldn't a defensive player just stand his ground and let himself get tipped over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reason I ask is... I see a lot of post ups where the offensive player &amp;quot;backs in&amp;quot; little by little... why give up room like this? If the defensive player stood his ground and let himself fall, wouldn't he get the call? Are defenders just afraid of falling down? Or would the refs just call this as a flop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19899" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-30T14:51:17.107" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T14:51:17.107" Title="Basketball post up - offensive fouls question" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24941" CreationDate="2020-06-29T05:32:33.773" Score="5" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m considering getting the matrix sr25 full metal that shoots 400-450 fps, what is a good minimum engagement distance for this? Me and my friend are playing together so we don’t have a set of rules to go by.&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20062" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T06:18:26.653" Title="Questions about fps for airsoft" Tags="|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24940" CreationDate="2020-06-29T06:18:26.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on who you ask, but you're looking at a consensus minimum engagement distance (MED) of around 15 metres and recommended engagement distance (RED) of around 20 metres, and in semi-auto mode only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A variety of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.airsoftsniperforum.com/32-general-sniper-talk/10092-fps-rules-around-world-2.html#/topics/10092?page=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;posts in this forum's thread&lt;/a&gt;, using 0.20g BB ammunition at 450fps, mention variously&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;50 feet (15 metres) (Utah)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 metres (Brazil)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 metres (Indonesia)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;40 feet (12 metres) (Texas)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 metres (Norway)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Websites for airsoft associations in other countries describe similar limits, MED 15-20 metres and RED 20-25 metres. You may be best advised to start at the high end of the range and work down as you develop comfort with being hit and judgement of appropriately safe distances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T06:18:26.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24939" CreationDate="2020-06-29T12:36:54.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Offensive fouls for this situation are granted when the offensive player makes a sudden, forceful move. A good defender senses such a move and will usually embellish the action of falling back from from the sudden move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the movement of the offensive player is only on the order of a simple bump, embellishing the falling movement will be seen as a flop. This will usually result in a no-call, and the offensive player can successfully continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T12:36:54.823" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24945" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-30T23:51:37.363" Score="4" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been both a little amazed and confused the past couple of weeks as the NBA and MLS plan to resume play in Orlando after COVID-19 related shutdowns halted the leagues' seasons.&#xA;Both leagues are to restart as they hold games at Disney World in Orlando.&#xA;What has made me confused - as someone who's never been to Disney World and thinks it's not much more than a massive theme park with some other entertainments - is how are the 2 leagues accommodated at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We're talking about 100s of players, with multiple games happening everyday (at least in the beginning), hospitality for them and all the coaches, trainers, etc.&#xA;I guess all basketball games can happen on 1 court so long as there are no simultaneous games. Soccer would be harder as the pitch quality would be sabotaged with continuous use.&#xA;So there would have to be either many fields, or just one artificial turf.&#xA;Can artificial turf withstand multiple games a day and still be in shape for top tier matches for weeks? And when teams don't play, they need to practice which requires having few other courts and fields, as well as gyms, and administrative facilities for team meetings, massages, entertainment, etc for many teams all at once.&#xA;Since there won't be any fans, the facilities don't need to have capacities for 10s of thousands of fans as usual. But I assume the quality for the athletes should be just as good as their home stadiums/arenas to keep injury rates low, and avoid lower quality of game play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are there really enough top tier sports facilities at Orlando Disney World to host both leagues at the same time?&#xA;If so, why does it have so much high quality sports facilities? Has it always been a hub for sports?&#xA;Or strictly sports talking, the facilities aren't as high level and these leagues and players acknowledge that, yet agreed to play there to finish their seasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-01T02:29:41.690" LastActivityDate="2020-07-01T13:21:11.173" Title="What are the sports facilities at the Orlando Disney World?" Tags="|football|basketball|nba|mls|covid-19|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24945" CreationDate="2020-07-01T13:21:11.173" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disney World Orlando, whilst being renowned as every kids' favourite theme park, is also home to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espnwwos.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN Wide World of Sport Complex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This complex includes sporting facilities such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Arena&lt;/strong&gt; - an indoor complex that can be converted to host 6+ regulation-sized Basketball courts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HP Field House&lt;/strong&gt; - another indoor complex that can host Basketball (is the current host of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Invitational&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Orlando Invitational&lt;/a&gt; college basketball tournament)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marathon Sports Fields&lt;/strong&gt; - an outdoor complex comprising of 12 fields, 4 multi-purpose fields, 4 Baseball fields, and 4 Softball fields. Some of these fields are used for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Pro_Soccer_Classic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Walt Disney Pro Soccer Classic&lt;/a&gt; pre-season tournament, which feature some MLS teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are also facilities for field and track athletics, gymnastics, field hockey, tennis...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espnwwos.com/complex/venues/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other Venues at ESPN WWOS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/digital-media-prod-usw2/media/espnwwos/pdf/complex/January2019ESPNWWOSmap.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Facilities Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-07-01T13:21:11.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16768" CreationDate="2020-07-03T06:07:37.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In that case, total 16 overs will be counted on both the side, overs played by team a will be 16 overs and overs bowled by team b will be 16 overs, but on the ground team a will only get to play 15 overs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20070" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T06:30:59.723" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T06:30:59.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24948" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-03T07:07:00.337" Score="2" ViewCount="734" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the break, all red balls are missed and the cue ball rolls back to the baulk area. Is it a free ball, since all reds are in the original start position and you cannot see both sides of any red?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20071" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T11:14:01.063" LastActivityDate="2021-12-15T17:32:28.117" Title="Free ball off a foul at the break" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24928" CreationDate="2020-07-03T08:16:29.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Relatively to &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italian Serie A&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, the rule goes in the season 2019/2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are the matches with at least 3 contemporary subs in the last two matchdays (28 and 29):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these days with matches post Covid-19 and the high temperatures, this behaviour is normal. The matches shown below have 10 subs in the 90 minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-06-27 28° Matchday Cagliari - Torino 4:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229445&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4 subs on 59'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-06-28 28° Matchday U.C. Sampdoria - F.C. Bologna 1:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229437&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 80'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-06-28 28° Matchday U.S. Sassuolo - Hellas Verona 3:3 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229440&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 46'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-06-28 28° Matchday S.S.C. Napoli - SPAL 3:1 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229444&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 80'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-06-28 28° Matchday Parma - F.C. Inter 1:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229441&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 69'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-07-01 29° Matchday F.C. Inter - Brescia 6:0 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229446&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 46'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-07-01 29° Matchday SPAL - AC Milan 2:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229450&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 46'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-07-01 29° Matchday Hellas Verona - Parma 3:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229452&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 subs on 46'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2020-07-01 29° Matchday U.S. Lecce - U.C. Sampdoria 1:2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/spielbericht/index/spielbericht/3229453&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 subs on 46'&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2052" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T08:16:29.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24948" CreationDate="2020-07-03T11:01:22.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Depends on the position of the cue ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is obstructed by a colour from hitting both sides of a red ball - ie it gets tucked up behind the yellow - then yes, it is a free ball as you would expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the cue ball ends up, say, over a baulk corner pocket, then no, this would not be a free ball. This is because the player is not deemed to be snookered, and therefore it cannot be given as a free ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Free Ball is awarded to a player when they are snookered after a foul as per &lt;strong&gt;Section 3, Rule 12&lt;/strong&gt; from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/official-rules-of-the-game.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPBSA Official Rules of the Games of Snooker and English Billiards&lt;/a&gt;, which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12. Snookered After a Foul&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a foul, if the cue-ball is snookered (see Section 2, Rule 17), the referee&#xA;shall state FREE BALL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And being snookered is defined in &lt;strong&gt;Section 2, Rule 17&lt;/strong&gt; as being:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;17. Snookered&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cue-ball is said to be snookered when a direct stroke in a straight line to&#xA;every ball on is &lt;strong&gt;wholly or partially obstructed by a ball or balls not on&lt;/strong&gt;. If one or more balls on can be struck at both extreme edges free of obstruction by any ball not on, the cue-ball is not snookered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The emphasised text is the key bit here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is over one of the baulk corner pockets, then the only thing stopping a player from hitting both sides of the corner ball of the pack, is another red (assuming &lt;em&gt;none&lt;/em&gt; of the balls were hit). However, this other red ball is also an &amp;quot;on&amp;quot; ball, so it cannot be considered a snookering ball as per Rule 17 above. Therefore no snooker, and hence, no free ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T11:01:22.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24951" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-03T19:42:20.960" Score="2" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;In squash, while serving, can I drop the ball on the floor from my hand and then hit for the serve on the bounce?&#xA;Or is it mandatory to release the ball from the hand and directly hit it from the racket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20073" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T21:11:45.993" LastActivityDate="2020-08-03T01:03:30.253" Title="Can I bounce the ball before serving in squash?" Tags="|rules|serve|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24952" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-07-03T20:33:19.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about substitution of players in team sports such as football, basketball, volleyball, etc. Questions using this tag must also include the related sports/tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T18:57:53.823" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T18:57:53.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24953" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-07-03T20:33:19.350" Score="0" Body="Questions about substitution of players in team sports such as football, basketball, volleyball, etc. Questions using this tag must also include the related sports/tournaments." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T18:57:53.823" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T18:57:53.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24951" CreationDate="2020-07-04T00:55:02.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No, you can't let it bounce.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;No, you don't &lt;em&gt;have to&lt;/em&gt; release it from the hand.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World Squash rules (effective at January 2019) state in section &lt;strong&gt;5 The Serve&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.7 A serve is good, if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.7.1 the server drops or throws the ball from a hand or racket and strikes it correctly on a first or further attempt before it touches anything else;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Anything else&amp;quot; would include the ground, a wall, an object or a player. The ball can be released from on the racket, instead of the hand, if the server chooses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-07-04T00:55:02.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24606" CreationDate="2020-07-05T15:37:15.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The home team gets to choose which jersey they wear (white or not-white) in every NFL game (not just the Super Bowl, but also the Super Bowl) - see &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2019-nfl-rulebook/#section-4-equipment,-uniforms,-player-appearance&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Home clubs shall choose their jersey color (either white or official team color), and visiting clubs must wear the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such if a team was nominally &amp;quot;Away&amp;quot; but was at their home field, the other team would be able to choose which color uniform they each wore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing in the rulebook indicating locker rooms, and so it's unclear what would happen there; my guess would be they'd be allowed to use their normal locker room, but it would probably be up to the commissioner to decide ultimately, if the other team preferred to use the home locker room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as whether they'd get a real advantage - it's unknown, and can't be known, since this hasn't happened, and home team advantage itself is very hard to determine as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-07-05T15:37:15.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7313" CreationDate="2020-07-05T16:52:14.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NSD swim was the product category I was looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nsdspinner.com/products/nsd-swim-trainer-system-sw01&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://nsdspinner.com/products/nsd-swim-trainer-system-sw01&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/jZflDlWQigM?t=29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/jZflDlWQigM?t=29&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0XRJx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0XRJx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is capable of calculating the force exerted and the distance during a swim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastActivityDate="2020-07-05T16:52:14.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24546" CreationDate="2020-07-06T03:01:13.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this is at least mostly answerable from the rulebook, particularly post-Harden rule.  Two clarifications that don't actually answer (but make things more clear, I hope, by eliminating some murkiness), then the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First: adding &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/new-language-in-nba-rule-book-regarding-traveling-violations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the definition of &amp;quot;the gather&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; into the rulebook made this a bit more clear, I believe, but didn't change anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second: in this case, we are clearly talking about &lt;em&gt;drives&lt;/em&gt; only, and specifically &lt;em&gt;drives that finish in the lower defensive box&lt;/em&gt; (the area past the bottom of the free throw circle, and between the two marks three feet on either side of the lane).  Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/inside-the-rulebook-continuation/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the video on continuations&lt;/a&gt;, post-Harden Rule (i.e., summer 2017) at least, only fouls occuring on shots that end up there are allowed to be treated as fouls when occurring prior to the actual shot - all other shots must actually begin shooting, not just gathering the ball, in order to count as a continuation foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that said: if the player travels, then the shot will not count.  The rulebook (rule 12, specifically) is specific in when it allows for the shot to count:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;one free throw attempt if the personal foul is on the defender and there is a successful field goal or free throw on the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The field goal must be successful - which means no other rule violation occurred (for example, if the &lt;em&gt;offensive&lt;/em&gt; player committed a foul, the basket would not count).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the video earlier, though, it would count as a shooting foul - the shot simply would not be counted as successful, so the player would get 2 shots.  The point at which the foul becomes a shooting foul is when he gathers his dribble - anything after that is irrelevant to the shooting/not shooting element.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T03:01:13.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2020-07-07T02:31:23.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it looks like there was a five year gap between the 1987 and 1992 World Cups, the reality is the 1987 World Cup was held one playing season too late, which necessitated the 1992 edition taking place when it did, rather than in 1991.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1987 World Cup was held in Oct-Nov 1987, more than 4 years after the 1983 event in England.  As has been shown since 1999, whenever a World Cup is held in England, the subsequent tournament is held in the fourth playing season thereafter.  Therefore the 2003 tournament was held in 2002-03 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had this same sequence taken place after 1983, the 1987 tournament would have been held in 1986-87 and in the months of Feb-Mar. Asia has shown it can stage the Cup in those months (e.g. 1996 and 2011).  No WC has been held in October-November since the 1987 event. The actual sequence therefore was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1975&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1979&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1983&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1987-88 (should have been 1986-87)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1991-92 (1990-91)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1995-96 (1994-95)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;1999&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2002-03 (2003)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2006-07 (2007)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2010-11 (2011)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2014-15 (2015)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2019&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;2022-23 (2023)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1999 World Cup (hosted by England) was always going to be held in 1999 (and not 2000) regardless of the previous edition falling in 1996, given the four-year cycle during England's hosting of the event (i.e. 1983 to 1999).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20080" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-07-07T08:04:14.370" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T08:04:14.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18518" CreationDate="2020-07-07T09:36:35.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as an update to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/18524/16880&quot;&gt;previously accepted answer&lt;/a&gt;, which is from 2018, the last &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;clean&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; race as OP describes was the &lt;strong&gt;2019 Austrian GP&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Austrian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verstappen's victory marked the first win for a Honda-powered F1 car since Jenson Button in the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix. The race was also the first race in the season not to be won by a Mercedes driver, as Valtteri Bottas finished in third and Lewis Hamilton fifth. Antonio Giovinazzi scored his first ever career points in Formula One by finishing tenth place.[13] &lt;strong&gt;This also marked the first race in which every driver saw the chequered flag since the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt;. (emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T02:41:45.747" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T02:41:45.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24848" CreationDate="2020-07-07T18:21:53.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While my eyes have been telling me Apex's  smaller cage results in more &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt;, there's not enough evidence to support the idea of &lt;em&gt;significantly&lt;/em&gt; higher finish rate. To be clear, I'll argue the finish rate is not significantly higher, statistically we see that the rate is marginally higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The UFC has been hosting fights in their Apex complex in Las Vegas with no fans, weeks after the Covid-19 pandemic forced them to shutdown fights briefly. The Apex's octagon is of 25 foot diameter, where as the octagons mostly used before are of 30 foot diameter. Although 5 feet of diameter may not sound like much of a difference at the first glance, once you do the math, it means the smaller octagon is of 30.5% smaller size than the one we're used to watching fights in! This is a significant difference in the octagon size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason to argue against significant higher finish rate is that we haven't had a big enough sample size of fights in smaller octagons to compare them to years of fights in bigger octagons. The finish rate in the 30 foot octagon was about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddsshark.com/ufc/smaller-cage-betting-trends&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;44.4%&lt;/a&gt; for 2020 pre shutdowns. The rate in the small octagon were once near 60%, simply because of very few fights that happened had more KO/TKOs than usual. The rate is now (as of July 7th 2020) about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddsshark.com/ufc/smaller-cage-betting-trends&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;52.7%&lt;/a&gt; since the shutdowns, which is much closer than the large octagon's. The 8.3% is not significant, but undeniable as we're looking at the same athletes on the UFC roster fighting in both octagons. We're not looking at different eras or promotions of fighters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside from the sample size, we need to think about the fights that have been happening too. The finish rate is not the same in all divisions (weight class and gender combination) of the UFC, so the data can be skewed too.&#xA;And so for a deep dive down of the effects of the finish rate and the octagon size, one should really break it up on a divisional basis.&#xA;Two flyweights fighting in a 30 foot octagon have ton more space than two heavyweights in the 25 foot octagon.&#xA;Also remember different athletes have different styles, some are more likely to KO or submit an opponent than others. The fighters on Apex cards also make a difference on the finish rate.&#xA;So to truly have a meaningful amount of data to analyze the finish rate in smaller octagon we needs months if not years of fights in the smaller octagon with each athlete fighting multiples times in both cage sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origins of the UFC 25 diameter octagon is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Extreme_Cagefighting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WEC&lt;/a&gt; which was purchased by the owners of the UFC and merged to the UFC, with the larger octagon size being set as the standard. The smaller octagon is also used in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_White%27s_Contender_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dana White's Tuesday Night Contender Series&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ultimate_Fighter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Ultimate Fighter&lt;/a&gt;. While the WEC had higher level athletes than UFC in some divisions - specially in women's as the UFC lacked any female divisions - the latter 2 mentioned fights are between lower level fighters. So looking at data for the smaller cage size pre 2020 shutdowns should be done with a grain of salt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last thing to remember is take into account the pandemic itself. Was everyone  able to train as they wished with the gyms closing? Did they end up fighting a&#xA;different opponent than their trained? Had they fought in a smaller octagon before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/6/30/8867505/mma-be-analytics-ufc-octagon-cage-size-finishes-knockouts-submissions-decisions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is an article from 5 years ago analyzing the cage size and finish rate. This is not the first time this debate has come up. Since the article is somewhat older, the data has nothing to do with the Apex fights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T18:21:53.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24967" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-09T10:08:11.103" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who is the best scorer in a single FIBA sanctioned basketball game in history? I've heard of a player in the Middle East who scored 110 points (with 33 3-pointers), is that true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20089" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-07-09T19:35:48.643" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T08:02:50.280" Title="basketball best scorer in one single game" Tags="|basketball|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24967" CreationDate="2020-07-09T22:24:11.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player you refer to is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Akkari&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mohammad Akkari&lt;/a&gt;, who played for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Mouttahed_Tripoli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Al Mouttahed Tripoli&lt;/a&gt; in Lebanon.  He scored 113 points, on 32 of 59 shooting from behind the arc, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/7774255/mohammad-el-akkari-scores-113-points-fiba-asia-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in a game in a Lebanese league&lt;/a&gt; in 2012.  This was the first FIBA Asia hundred-point game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_basketball_players_who_have_scored_100_points_in_a_single_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia's list&lt;/a&gt;, the top several are children - U14 and U12 leagues mostly; most likely the highest by a professional player in a FIBA league (or equivalent; I'm not sure how far back FIBA goes) is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erman_Kunter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Erman Kunter&lt;/a&gt;, who scored 153 points in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_Super_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Turkish Super League&lt;/a&gt; game in 1988: see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190101011217/https://www.hoopsfix.com/2013/02/flashback-erman-kunters-153-point-world-record/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very brief article about the game&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat_Draigor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anat Draigor&lt;/a&gt; has the women's professional record at 136, though it's unclear what level the game was at (Israel's third level league, but I don't know enough about Israeli basketball to know if that translates to FIBA-level or not).  She does officially have the Guinness World Record (to the extent that matters), so it's apparently good enough for them at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-07-09T22:24:11.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24969" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24970" CreationDate="2020-07-10T03:32:59.817" Score="3" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a pretty common sight to see keepers save a shot that is outside the box or from a distance with their other hand ie. if the ball is heading towards the right hand side of the goal(from the perspective of the keeper) they try to parry/save it with their left hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some points that I've heard is that it allows them to push the ball out of play much more efficiently and it increases their aerial reach.&#xA;Is this true,or do they do so out of instinct?&#xA;(As keepers are seen to concede a large number of near-range shots by doing so)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20092" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T09:28:44.020" Title="Keepers saving with the other hand" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24969" CreationDate="2020-07-10T09:28:44.020" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First rule of goalkeeping: get two hands on the ball. &lt;em&gt;Only&lt;/em&gt; if you can't do that do you go with one hand - and if you are going with one hand, then you're already to some extent into &amp;quot;desperation&amp;quot; stage where you'll be happy with any result which doesn't result in the ball immediately ending up in the back of the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to one-handed saves, a goalkeeper generally won't be looking to gather the ball as a result of the save, but instead to put the ball in the safest location possible, which will often be out for a corner rather than allowing a rebound. If you're jumping/diving sideways for a ball close to the top of the goal, it's much easier to push it up and over the bar for a corner if you do that with the trailing arm, as that naturally comes up as you reach your highest point; if you're trying to push the ball round the post, that's something you'll do with your leading arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Picking up on some of your comments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I disagree going with the trailing arm reduces your reaction time, or at least that this is significant. It's a question of which arm you can get to the ball at all.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, if the ball is swerving and/or dipping it's hard. On long range shots, it's up to you as a goalkeeper to read the spin on the ball and react accordingly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Close-range shots are completely different - in those cases, you don't really have a chance to react at all and are just trying to make your body as big as possible and get something on the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T09:28:44.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24971" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24972" CreationDate="2020-07-11T14:16:43.927" Score="2" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the referee award advantage (and the announcer will indicate as much).  I get the sense that advantage only lasts for the next couple of touches.  I've seen possession get turned over and a free kick not awarded afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;how long does advantage last after awarded?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-07-11T17:25:27.413" LastActivityDate="2020-07-11T17:25:27.413" Title="How long does advantage last in football?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24971" CreationDate="2020-07-11T14:37:21.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/25/section/54/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 &amp;quot;The Referee&amp;quot;, Section 3 &amp;quot;Powers and Duties&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The referee] allows play to continue when an offence occurs and the non-offending team will benefit from the advantage, and penalises the offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time or within a few seconds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. either the offence has to be penalised within a few seconds, or play is allowed to continue; the referee cannot &amp;quot;go back&amp;quot; more than those few seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-07-11T14:37:21.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24974" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-12T15:38:52.667" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Toronto FC and DC United &lt;a href=&quot;https://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2020-07-12-toronto-fc-vs-dc-united/preview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;were scheduled&lt;/a&gt; for a match at 9AM on July 12, 2020 during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLS_is_Back_Tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLS is back tournament&lt;/a&gt;. The match was however &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/07/12/mls-postpones-toronto-fc-vs-dc-united-match-be-rescheduled&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;postponed&lt;/a&gt; due to potential COVID-19 positive tests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I find shocking is to have a game at 9AM, to me this is unheard of. Once you take into account time spent before the game to eat, rest and warm up, you're looking at players needing to wake up before sunrise for a game!&#xA;While this might be normal for some other sports, it's something you never see for soccer. It must throw off the players bodies to play at a time they're not used to competing.&#xA;And looking at the schedule of the tournament, there are more 9AM games to come, so this is not just a 1 off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the US wouldn't even be awake to watch the game considering the matches start 6AM on the west coast. It makes me wonder if MLS is targeting non local targets. So is MLS trying to please the Asian markets (where it would be evening or night time) with such weird schedule? Hard to believe other parts of the world would want to watch the MLS while only few hours later you could watch far higher quality European leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the non-morning games are scheduled before 8PM, so this makes it even more confusing. At first I thought MLS is hosting tons of games per day and so games start at 9AM and go all the way to the night, but there are no games between 9AM to 8PM.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing I can think of is to blame the heat and humidity in Orlando, and so not wanting to schedule games around noon or during the afternoon. Then why not have games at 7,9, and 11 PM? Even if a game starts at midnight, most Americans will be awake considering west coast is 3 hours behind the east.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or even better yet, why not have games happening at the same time? That's what happens during a normal season anyway.&#xA;Is MLS using only 1 field to play all their matches at the Disney World?&#xA;It'll be hard to believe that they limited themselves to just one field for 20+ teams. What if the field suffers damages? Also don't you want to have games scheduled simultaneously for the last round of the group stage to preserve integrity and fair play? I have hard time believing MLS brought the league back to a location where there is only 1 field for all matches. And also have a hard time believing anyone would be interested to wake up for 9AM game on a Sunday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is MLS having such bizarrely early game times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T17:00:20.750" Title="Why is MLS having 9AM matches?" Tags="|football|mls|covid-19|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24974" CreationDate="2020-07-12T16:29:27.650" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/soccer/major-league-soccer/story/4110166/mls-is-back-tournament-what-we-know-about-player-testinggroupsschedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;, the reason for the weird times (9am, 8pm, 10:30pm) is to avoid the heat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The kickoff times are weird. Why is that?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first glance, the schedule certainly seems bizarre. The games will be held at 9 a.m. ET, 8 p.m. ET, and 10:30 p.m. ET (2 p.m. GMT, 1 a.m. GMT and 3 a.m. GMT). The reasoning is simple: it will avoid playing games in the midday blast furnace -- average high temperatures are 92 degrees, with an average low of 78 degrees -- that is high summer in Florida.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why not 7/9/11, I can only guess; they have 2.5 hours between games, so perhaps they decided that 6/8:30/11 would be too far, but I don't believe they've communicated that information specifically (or at least not as far as I can find).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-07-12T17:00:20.750" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T17:00:20.750" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24978" CreationDate="2020-07-13T05:20:11.003" Score="-2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/racing/2020/Styria.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 Styrian Grand Prix 2020&lt;/a&gt;, Leclerc collided with Vettel during the first lap.  Why was Leclerc blamed for this collision in the press?  It did not seem like it was intentional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20099" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-07-13T14:31:53.747" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T14:38:14.097" Title="F1 Styrian GP 2020 first lap incident" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="696" CreationDate="2020-07-13T14:15:35.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened three more times since Ste's answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2021 Monaco Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Charles Leclerc took pole position, but crashed at the end of the session. The crash caused damage to his driveshaft that wasn't discovered until he left the garage on Sunday, leaving no time for it to be fixed or replaced, and he did not take part in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2021 Italian Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Valtteri Bottas was fastest in qualifying &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; won the sprint qualifying session, but engine penalties meant he started the actual race at the back of the grid, and Max Verstappen took pole instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2022 Belgian Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Max Verstappen was the fastest in qualifying by over 0.6s, but had already taken engine penalties and started 14th, with Carlos Sainz Jr. inheriting pole position. Verstappen notably went on to win the race anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking the title of the question literally, you could also count the &lt;strong&gt;1997 European Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt;. Jacques Villeneuve took provisional pole with a time of 1:21.072, but Michael Schumacher and Heinz-Harald Frentzen both matched Villeneuve's time down to the millisecond. Villeneuve was awarded pole position by virtue of having set his time first, so Schumacher and Frentzen missed out on pole despite being (joint) fastest qualifiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-09-09T14:46:18.963" LastActivityDate="2022-09-09T14:46:18.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24976" CreationDate="2020-07-13T14:38:14.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leclerc not only was blamed, but accepted blame, for the incident, due to the fact that he acted aggressively and dangerously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To set up, Leclerc was starting out behind after a penalty, and so he was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.watch-disaster-for-ferrari-as-vettel-and-leclerc-retire-early-after-first.01e0w49v8jcdVi2QO8lZYf.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in position to need to be aggressive to make up ground&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just three races on from their controversial contact in Brazil, Leclerc and Vettel were drawn to each other again at Turn 3 at the Red Bull Ring, with Leclerc – looking to make up ground after being dropped even further down the order following a three-place grid drop - trying a lunge up the inside of his team mate as the tightly bunched packed rounded the right-hander.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During that aggressive move, he (unintentionally) collided with Vettel's car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Monegasque got alongside, but with space at a premium then slid into the side of Vettel’s car mid-apex, ripping off the German’s rear wing. Vettel retired at the end of the lap, while Leclerc took on a new front wing before parking up three laps later with severe damage to his floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After, Leclerc &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-let-the-team-down-says-leclerc-as-he-accepts-blame-for-first-lap-clash.hPccJAM8U7yKPBQgFB5hJ.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;accepted blame for the incident&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“I apologised [to Vettel],” said Leclerc, taking full responsibility for a move he agreed was too optimistic. “Obviously excuses are not enough in times like this. I am just disappointed in myself. I’ve done a very bad job today. I let the team down.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moves like this are generally considered dangerous and the aggressive driver's fault.  Drivers should be careful to make passes that are not going to get themselves, or other cars, into trouble; it's part of what makes these drivers excellent - that they &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; make passes at high speeds in a safe manner, most of the time.  If you and I were on the track, we'd definitely be crashing far, far more often, after all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T14:38:14.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24979" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24980" CreationDate="2020-07-13T19:27:50.133" Score="3" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching a match now, the forward was running toward the goal line, halfway toward the corner, protecting the ball, looking for a corner kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was obviously fouled by the defender, pushed into the ball and it resulted in a goal kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering, if a foul was called (it was outside of the box), where would the free kick be placed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What further muddies the water on this for me, I watched an old women's International match recently where a foul was called in the 6m box.  Instead of a penalty kick, a free kick was placed on the 18m line.  This is why I'm wondering if referees would have discretion to place a free kick elsewhere in the first example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/X3ALWGCcmRE?t=439&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is the video queued up to that women's match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2020-07-13T20:52:18.817" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T21:29:01.293" Title="From how deep in the corner can a free kick be spotted?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24979" CreationDate="2020-07-13T21:29:01.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The free kick awarded for a offence anywhere on the field is taken from the place where the foul occurred. It doesn't matter how close to the corner that is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some exceptions,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a direct free kick to the attack inside the penalty area is a penalty kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an indirect free kick to the attack inside the goal area is taken on the long edge of the goal area closest to where the offence occurred&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a free kick to the defence inside the goal area may be taken anywhere inside the goal area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;free kicks for offences off the field or involving non-players may have other placements according to Laws 3 or 12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your confusion regarding USA-BRA (W) is easily resolved. The free kick is awarded for &lt;em&gt;playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/em&gt; (PIADM). This is an offence which does not involve physical contact, and which is sanctioned with an indirect free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not become a penalty kick (see first bullet point) but because it occurred inside the goal area, it is moved back to the line (see second bullet point).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T21:29:01.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24983" CreationDate="2020-07-15T17:58:48.167" Score="3" ViewCount="1628" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1, it would be simple enough to have the Start/Finish line (the line where the lap is counted) be the line in front of pole position, but for a weird reason the line is down the grid, somewhere between 10th and 15th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the reasonning why the line is deep in the grid instead of being where the lights are in front?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T18:42:28.093" Title="Why is the start/finish line halfway down the grid?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24982" CreationDate="2020-07-15T18:42:28.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ultimately it comes down to practical reasons.  The finish line must be adjacent to the tower where they wave certain of the flags, and also needs to be in clear view of the scorer.  The location of the grid, however, needs to be on a clear straightaway with room for dozens of cars - and sometimes that doesn't line up with the necessary location for the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://atlasf1.autosport.com/99/bel/preview/faq.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for some more detail:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common reason is practicality. There quite often is only a limited space on pit straight between corners. It is necessary, for example, that the finish will be by the tower where the start/finish flag marshal will await with the chequered flag, but also other such flags - like the black flag, the black/white 'bad sportsmanship' flag, and 'the meatball' - black with orange circle - flags which can only be shown at the start finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full grid of double-spaced Grand Prix cars can take up quite a bit of room - and at most Grand Prix circuits the various support categories have larger grids. To fit all the cars onto the grid it is sometimes necessary to move the start line forward of the finish line. Silverstone is a double exception in that the start line is behind the finish line. A reason for this is in the hope that the field will be slightly more spread out when the field arrived at Copse corner the first time, which is sharper now on entry than it used to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T18:42:28.093" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24985" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24996" CreationDate="2020-07-17T14:30:39.200" Score="0" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to find the value of a bet, with my percentage, that some team will win to see if i think there is value in some bet.&#xA;My question is, should i include the bookmakers margin, when i calculate the value of a bet, based on my percentage that some team will win?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would think that i need to add the bookmakers margin to my percentage, to even out the margin they add to their odds -- is this wrong? Should i just go with my percentage and not add the bookmaker margin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20115" LastActivityDate="2022-09-04T13:07:02.423" Title="Betting value, with our without bookmaker margin" Tags="|football|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24986" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24989" CreationDate="2020-07-17T15:03:04.497" Score="4" ViewCount="7976" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that some bookmakers will offer free bets but have a condition that in order for the winnings to be withdrawn they must be placed on bets with at least 1/5 odds for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I have a £5 free bet and wagered it on a bet with even odds then I would expect to win half the time but only double my (free) money. If instead I placed the bet on something with odds of 5 to 1, then I would only win one in every five times but then would make a five-fold return. From the bookies perspective they would expect to pay out the same total winnings across all bets anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they care what odds you pick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20116" LastActivityDate="2020-07-18T13:54:32.153" Title="Why do some bookmakers have minimum odds requirements on free bet promotions?" Tags="|statistics|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24988" CreationDate="2020-07-17T16:04:59.740" Score="4" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen goal kicks placed in various spots within the box, and then there are kicks where the goalkeeper can handle the ball and drop-kick it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What determines these different cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T13:02:30.790" Title="What are the various rules for placement of goal kicks?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24987" CreationDate="2020-07-17T19:17:21.003" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are all completely different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;goal kick&lt;/strong&gt; can only be taken within the goal area (the 6 yard box). (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/36/section/106/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;drop kick&lt;/strong&gt; means the ball is still in play. The goalie could as well throw the ball to a team mate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free kicks&lt;/strong&gt; can be awarded almost anywhere on the pitch. They're taken from where the previous offence occurred. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://theifab.com/laws/chapter/33/section/98/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 13&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T13:02:30.790" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T13:02:30.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24986" CreationDate="2020-07-18T13:54:32.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a question of risk (variance), not expected profit (mean).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Free bets are often offered along the lines of &amp;quot;bet £10, get a £10 free bet&amp;quot;. If I can run the free bet through on very short odds, then that's pretty close to a zero risk investment as the &amp;quot;non-free&amp;quot; bet is then pure profit - and at that point the professional gamblers will be on it like a hawk (at least until they trigger the bookie's alerting systems). If I have to run the free bet through at longer odds, it's a riskier investment which is less attractive to the professionals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-07-18T13:54:32.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24990" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24991" CreationDate="2020-07-18T23:36:47.723" Score="1" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Olympic champions win medals,&#xA;while FIFA champions win trophies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do the winners receive a different object as an award?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-07-18T23:47:44.703" LastActivityDate="2020-07-19T00:07:07.937" Title="The difference between medals and trophies" Tags="|trivia|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24990" CreationDate="2020-07-19T00:07:07.937" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This general trend holds across most sports, but does not generally rely on the nature of the sport itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasoning behind any particular organisation's award of either a trophy or medal (or other object) can vary, but is generally based on tradition - copied from similar events/sports/organisations or from the originators of the cup-shaped trophy most commonly used, the ancient Greek Olympic games (which awarded the winner an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;amphora&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of sacred oil).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams as a whole will usually receive a significant object as a trophy, while individuals receive a smaller token like a medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is not a universal rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Individual players in the FIFA World Cups are given medals, in addition to the team being awarded the trophy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The individual winner of many competitions is awarded a trophy (and usually a separate smaller replica, which they keep after the main trophy is given up)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The winners of combat sport events or titles is often awarded a belt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-07-19T00:07:07.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-19T04:08:47.010" Score="6" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;Messi's position is forward. Is it correct to say his role is forward? Do position and role mean the same thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-20T05:01:57.597" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T22:36:02.227" Title="Do position and role mean the same thing in football?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24992" CreationDate="2020-07-19T04:54:23.963" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm basing my answer on years of watching soccer while not paying too much attention what the commentators say, and not any official lingo. As a disclaimer, I never played organized soccer either. But you can take a look &lt;a href=&quot;https://howtheyplay.com/team-sports/Positions-in-Soccer-and-Their-Roles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://protips.dickssportinggoods.com/sports-and-activities/soccer/soccer-positions-the-numbers-player-roles-basic-formations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; which align with my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Position is, well, the actual position the athlete plays. Examples are goalkeeper, center back, attacking midfielder, etc. These represent specific location players are responsible for covering, and supporting teammate around them, and handling oppositions. Positions are highly coupled with formation of the team. In a typical 4-4-2, the back 4 are the defenders, middle 4 are the midfielders and the front 2 are the forwards. Also jersey numbers are traditionally related to the position of the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roles are what you're supposed to do as a player. For example, some forward positions (using forwards as the OP's question mentions it) include center forward, striker, winger. The roles of these players are to score, and to be in and create scoring opportunities. Similarly, the role of a defender is  blocking shots, intercepting passes, helping the goalie to protect the net, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the captain is role too, where you're responsible to handle communications with the referees and being the overall leader of the team on the pitch.&#xA;You could also be a fielder of any position and have taking free kicks or penalties as one of your roles, if you're more skilled than your teammates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can think of the &lt;strong&gt;role&lt;/strong&gt; as the &lt;strong&gt;duty&lt;/strong&gt; the players are assigned, and the &lt;strong&gt;position&lt;/strong&gt; as the &lt;strong&gt;location/territory&lt;/strong&gt; they're responsible for on the pitch during open play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as a &lt;em&gt;fan&lt;/em&gt; I'd argue that the term role can be used even more loosely. For example, Xavi and Inesta where called conductor or composer on Barcelona and the Spanish national team. Composer or conductor don't define a duty in soccer terms, but they convey to the audience that the player labeled with those adjectives are those that the flow and tune of the ball movement goes through, they're the ones with exceptional visions that can bring art to the sport.&#xA;Or you hear that player X is the heart of the team, an example being Vincent Kompany during &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.france24.com/en/20190519-man-citys-beating-heart-kompany-leave-club&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his time on&lt;/a&gt; Manchester City. Again, this doesn't define a duty or position either. But when a player is marked that, if you seen them fight hard for the ball or play with emotions, their teammates are also elevated on the pitch. Or when they play uninspiringly, the rest of the team suffers lack of focus and discipline.&#xA;Although these unconventional roles don't define a specific duty on the pitch, they do describe a reliance for the individual in the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T22:36:02.227" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T22:36:02.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24995" CreationDate="2020-07-19T08:15:01.077" Score="1" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was having a doubt when I came across this video recently. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2_2-oXmYRE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edison Cavani Amazing Disallowed Goal vs. Barcelona&lt;/a&gt;. The goal was ruled out for offside. But suppose there was no offside and Cavani tried this overhead kick. As we can see from the video the defender was trying to clear the ball, and Cavani's striking foot was dangerously close to the defender's head. And maybe even made contact. So question is will this goal be disallowed because of dangerous play if Cavani had actually scored and there was no offside. And if it did, is it fair to the striker who was just trying to make contact with the ball ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20119" LastActivityDate="2020-07-19T08:39:19.020" Title="Will goals be disallowed if striker's foot is in a dangerous position?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24994" CreationDate="2020-07-19T08:39:19.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A goal like that can indeed be disallowed for playing in a dangerous manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/93/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play&#xA;the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself)&#xA;and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for&#xA;fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A scissors or bicycle kick is permissible provided that it is not&#xA;dangerous to an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the defender that close to the ball this situation is dangerous enough to disallow the goal and award an indirect free kick to the defending team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-07-19T08:39:19.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24985" CreationDate="2020-07-19T14:13:30.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fundamentally, you don't care what the bookie's margin is. If for a bet of X, your expected payout is 1.70X and the chance of winning is 0.60, then your expected payout is (0.60 * 1.70)X = 1.02X and you're in the money. Assuming your estimate of 0.60 is correct of course...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only disclaimer here is to ensure that your payout is &lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt; 1.70X; if you're in a jurisdiction which taxes betting in some way, be very careful as to whether the quoted odds are net of tax.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-07-19T14:13:30.433" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24997" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="24999" CreationDate="2020-07-19T16:43:36.053" Score="5" ViewCount="3105" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Latifi being 5 laps down at the end of the 2020 Hungarian Grand Prix, I wonder... if a safety car were to be deployed, and at some point lapped cars were allowed to overtake, could Latifi have gotten all 5 laps back, or would he only have been allowed to unlap himself once, therefore staying 4 laps down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-12-26T21:07:41.067" LastActivityDate="2021-12-26T21:07:41.067" Title="When 'lapped cars may overtake', can you unlap yourself more than once?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24997" CreationDate="2020-07-19T23:07:51.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there must be a precedent for this situation, but I haven't been able to find one yet. However, my expectation is that dly is right: &lt;strong&gt;cars that are multiple laps behind can only unlap themselves once&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Allowing lapped cars to overtake generally causes a safety car period to get extended for at least one more lap, while they wait for the lapped cars to catch up to the back of the pack (or at least, get sufficiently far down the track from the leaders). Waiting for a driver who's five laps down to unlap themselves five times would make the safety car period last far too long, and would cause the other drivers' tyres to lose too much temperature in the meantime, which would cause problems once they got going again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-12-26T20:59:48.470" LastActivityDate="2021-12-26T20:59:48.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="24999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24997" CreationDate="2020-07-20T01:33:04.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;: the main purpose of that rule is &lt;strong&gt;getting the lapped cars out of the way of the leaders during the restart&lt;/strong&gt; by sending them to the back of the pack, it's not a rule allowing them to unlap themselves several times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, Latifi (or any other car in his situation) could not benefit from that in the way you described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the FIA's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sporting regulation&lt;/a&gt; explains in article 39.12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the clerk of the course considers it safe to do so, and the message &amp;quot;LAPPED CARS MAY NOW OVERTAKE&amp;quot; has been sent to all teams via the official messaging system, any cars that have been lapped by the leader will be required to pass the cars on the lead lap and the safety car. This will only apply to cars that were lapped at the time they crossed the Line at the end of the lap during which they crossed the first Safety Car line for the second time after the safety car was deployed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for that article is to get the lapped cars &lt;strong&gt;out of the way&lt;/strong&gt; of the leaders. For instance, imagine a potentially thrilling restart having Hamilton in first place, Bottas in second but, between them, a slow backmarker Williams. That would ruin any chance of Bottas challenging Hamilton during the restart. That's the only reasoning for that rule, which was re-implemented in 2012 (article 40.12 back then) after being dropped in 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could argue that the situation you described is not specifically and explicitly mentioned in the rule, but since the very objective of that article is clear to FIA and all drivers/teams this very specific detail is not exactly necessary. On top of that it's worth saying that if your scenario were possible the article &lt;strong&gt;should&lt;/strong&gt; mention it, indicating that cars several laps down could overtake the leader several times. Finally, to make your scenario even more impossible, the rule clearly says Latifi can &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;pass the cars on the lead lap&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, so if there is another car 1 or more laps down in front of him Latifi could not overtake it (not even once).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in that situation, the Williams would overtake and rejoin at the back of the field, thus not getting in the way of the leaders anymore (again, the whole objective of that article), but it would be able to unlap itself &lt;strong&gt;only once&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-07-21T01:02:03.720" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T01:02:03.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25001" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-20T23:44:36.167" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per title. I don't know how this would work, but perhaps something like &amp;quot;a person born without arms would have a sleeker aerodynamic profile so they can fly through the air faster/further&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that some mental disabilities can lead to an advantage in mental sports - e.g. some people with autism have &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_and_memory#Memory_strengths&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;amazing memory&lt;/a&gt; but I'm wondering about physical disabilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T06:33:05.237" Title="Are there any sports in which a disability is actually an advantage?" Tags="|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25001" CreationDate="2020-07-21T06:33:05.237" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nascar? (sitting down a lot) or The Paralympic Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not a disability, but sometimes shortness or small stature can be an advantage e.g. Horse Racing jockeys, gymnastics, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going in the opposite direction, a few famous athletes had/have acromegaly (excess growth hormone) NBA player Pavel Podkolzin, wrestlers Andrew the Giant and the Big Show, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T06:33:05.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25007" CreationDate="2020-07-22T10:26:09.933" Score="0" ViewCount="1484" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most professional sporting events that involve some form of ranking system to determine an overall winner, or progression into later stages, there are a series of tie-breaker rules to determine a winner / loser when the primary ranking metric is tied across two or more competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the tie-breakers for the group stage were as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goal difference in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;greater number of points obtained in the fair play conduct of the teams based on yellow and red cards received in all group matches;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;drawing of lots by the FIFA.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tie-breakers-for-russia-2018-groups&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite a lot of these tie-breakers end a coin toss, or another &amp;quot;luck of the draw&amp;quot; type scenario, to determine the &amp;quot;winner&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: has any professional sporting event ever had to use its final &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;it's down to luck&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; tie-breaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-07-22T10:46:43.410" Title="Have any professional sporting tiebreaks been decided by a coin toss (or equivalent)?" Tags="|trivia|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25006" CreationDate="2020-07-22T10:40:49.777" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of examples of this, but mostly from the days when they didn't have nearly as many tiebreakers &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the &amp;quot;coin toss&amp;quot;. Some football examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Group F of the 1990 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, a drawing of lots was used to decide the positions of the Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands in the group.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1968#Semi-finals&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 1968 European Championship semi-final between Italy and the Soviet Union&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%E2%80%9365_European_Cup#Second_leg_3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The 1964-5 European Cup quarter-final between Liverpool and Köln&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter two would these days have been settled by a penalty shootout; the former would &lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt; have used one of the &amp;quot;disciplinary record&amp;quot; tie-breakers but I haven't looked into the details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-07-22T10:46:43.410" LastActivityDate="2020-07-22T10:46:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24611" CreationDate="2020-07-24T17:29:38.990" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally during the 4th quarter when a team is down they will go for it, but other than that if they are in their own ten they will just punt because the defense has a chance of stopping the opponent rather than giving them an easy score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20094" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-24T18:12:21.653" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T18:12:21.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24611" CreationDate="2020-07-24T21:02:38.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The media is picking this up more; in the last ten years or so, it's been fairly commonly mentioned in the media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theringer.com/nfl/2019/11/13/20962514/nfl-fourth-down-conversion-patriots-lamar-jackson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article by the Ringer&lt;/a&gt; points out that we're seeing poor 4th down decisions about half as often as we were ten years ago; the person they quote mentions &amp;quot;Win Probability Forfeited&amp;quot;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; specifically as the statistic that reduced by half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest reason, though, for why they &lt;em&gt;don't&lt;/em&gt; go for it is that they get attacked in the press the next day, and by the fans, when they go for it &lt;em&gt;and fail&lt;/em&gt;.  When they do the &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; thing, not much is made of it, maybe except at the very end of the game; but when they do the aggressive, different thing, and it fails, it is mocked.  Look at what happened after the Patriots lost to the Colts in 2009 after going for it on 4th and 2 deep in their own territory with the lead; Bill Belichik, perhaps the most successful coach in history (and certainly of today), was crucified in the press - except by the stat junkies, like myself, who were happy he went for it as going for it was the better WPA choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See these responses, &lt;em&gt;from former Patriots&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“The worst coaching decision I have ever seen Bill Belichick make,” former Patriots safety Rodney Harrison said on NBC. For ESPN, former Patriots linebacker Tedy Bruschi said, “As a former defender on that team, I would’ve cared less about the result of that fourth-down attempt. The decision to go for it would be enough to make my blood boil for weeks.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, it's definitely changing - as the same article notes, teams on 4th and 1 went for it &lt;em&gt;over half the time&lt;/em&gt; last year relative to the 2019 date on the article(so in 2018).  That's a huge improvement over the rarity that it was ten years before.  Coaches that are more aggressive, like Ron Rivera, are given quaint nicknames (&amp;quot;Riverboat Ron&amp;quot;) instead of being run out of town.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also add that it's much more complicated than &amp;quot;7 vs 3&amp;quot;.  Unless it's 4th and &lt;em&gt;goal&lt;/em&gt; from the 1, you're not getting a touchdown every time; you're getting a &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; down, and that leads to a touchdown some percentage of the time.  The FG is also not an automatic make, of course, either.  You have to consider the down and distance, &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the location on the field - and the game scenario.  4th and 1 with 15 seconds remaining, up by 6?  Let's kick that field goal.  4th and 1 with 3 minutes remaining, from the 40, low shot at making the FG, and only winning by two?  Going for it is much more important here (not to mention the &amp;quot;behind&amp;quot; scenarios).  The NYT had a Fourth Down Bot for years that used statistics to show what the best choice was, given no information about the time remaining or the score - just the location on the field - which was a good baseline, but needed some consideration of other information.  Win Probability Added is the key statistic here, so pay attention to that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sub&gt;Win Probability Forfeited: the difference between Win Probability Added values for going for it versus kicking/punting.  If going for it on 4th and 1 will suceed 60% of the time, and if it succeeds the win probability added for the subsequent first down (or scored touchdown) is +30%, but the win probability added for failing is -10%, then your Win Probability Added is .6*.3 + .4*(-.1) = +14%; while kicking the FG has a 80% of adding 3 points, which adds say 16% win probability, and a 20% of failing, with a -12% win probability (it's worse, due to the lost 7 yards!), so (.8*.16 + .2*(-.12)) or around +10% WPA.  So the &amp;quot;Win probability forfeited&amp;quot; for attempting that FG is .14 - .10 = 4% Win Probability Added&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-07-24T21:22:19.487" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T21:22:19.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25011" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-25T16:57:06.730" Score="1" ViewCount="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fierljeppen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fierljeppers&lt;/a&gt; wear a something like a sock on one foot, apparently to help with climbing the pole.  What is this called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20137" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-07-25T17:49:52.533" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T17:49:52.533" Title="What is the sock that fierljeppers wear?" Tags="|equipment|fierljeppen|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25013" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fierljeppen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fierljeppen&lt;/a&gt; is a sport originating in the Dutch province of Friesland. It has some similarities to the pole vault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25014" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" Score="0" Body="For any questions about fierljeppen, the Dutch sport with some similarities to the pole vault." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T17:52:46.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22571" CreationDate="2020-07-26T03:17:36.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played as a WR in college, and now coach the QBs. What works best for me is to get a list of the play calls, and write down what the hand signals are for each part of the play. Then go through the list of plays and give the signals to yourself in front of a mirror as if you are the coach. By teaching yourself to call them you are also teaching yourself to recognize them. This worked great for me (even though we have over 100 signals), hope it works for you! (If you aren't near a mirror you can just do it without one.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20140" LastEditorUserId="20140" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T02:26:57.950" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T02:26:57.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25016" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-26T11:59:34.497" Score="3" ViewCount="1120" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I'm wondering if there's a special name for this trick. It's very basic. You're moving forward, and you do a 180 degree kickturn (i.e. pivot off the tail, turn the nose 180 degrees). At the end you're still going forward. You just have the tail in front and the nose in the back. Is there a special name for this trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd think it would be called a 180 spin, but looking online a 180 spin usually refers to an ollie with 180 degree spin. This is simpler than that. I looked at reverts also, but in a revert the wheels slide instead of pivot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't an endover because for an endover you pivot on the nose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this just called a 180 kickturn? I tried googling '180 kickturn', but I only see it used in the context of ramps. I'm just referring to a 180 spin on flatground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the body turns 180 along with the board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19899" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T11:58:21.373" LastActivityDate="2021-07-23T16:08:19.207" Title="What's the name for this skateboard trick? (180 kickturn)" Tags="|terminology|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25020" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25024" CreationDate="2020-07-27T20:50:19.043" Score="8" ViewCount="3834" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the announcement of three new F1 races in Europe during October and early November, there's been a lot of discussion about the potential for those races to be unusually cold - especially the Eifel Grand Prix at the Nurburgring, where there's a real risk of snow at that time of year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That got me thinking. I know of plenty of races that have been extremely hot - Argentina 1955 and Dallas 1984 are the ones that come to mind immediately. But I don't know of any races that have been held in &lt;em&gt;low&lt;/em&gt; temperatures (say, less than 10°C). I do know there were a few races held in Sweden, but I haven't found any mention of what the weather was like at those races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What was the coldest Formula One race on record?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T20:53:45.283" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T15:52:02.107" Title="What is the coldest Formula One race ever held?" Tags="|trivia|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25021" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-27T21:09:13.960" Score="2" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for Formula 1, the last time an open face helmet was used was during the 1974 Swedish GP by Leo Kinnunen, and the last time it's been used during an official F1 weekend was at the 1975 Monaco GP by Carlos Reutemann&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about other open-wheel car racing categories, like IndyCar/CART, F2, F3000, and such?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find any information on this topic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20146" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T22:27:18.220" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T22:27:18.220" Title="When was an open face helmet used for the last time in open-wheel car racing?" Tags="|equipment|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25020" CreationDate="2020-07-28T00:13:02.030" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, it's important to define &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;coldest&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. I believe you're talking about air temperature, despite the fact that the real problem for a F1 car is the track temperature, which is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding tests, which are normally carried out during northern hemisphere winter, it's not uncommon having snow in the track. For instance, check this 1986 test, see the snow on the ground:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/7RCdRKkt4ds?t=1723&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/7RCdRKkt4ds?t=1723&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding a F1 race it's quite complicated finding accurate data for the 50s and 60s, but I'd bet on this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Race_of_Champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975 Race of Champions&lt;/a&gt;, whose start was delayed due to snow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Weather conditions were inhospitable, with strong winds, heavy rain and even snow showers during the weekend. [...] The start was delayed as snow fell and teams had to quickly decide which type of tyres to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a clip of that race, have a look at people's clothes, it should've been very cold: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/CXvBJ6Y8zsA?t=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/CXvBJ6Y8zsA?t=5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=temperature+in+Kent%2C+UK+in+16th+march+1975&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wolfram Alpha&lt;/a&gt;, the highest temperature that day was 6°C:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Xmzq.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Xmzq.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth mentioning that, despite not counting for points, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_of_Champions_(Brands_Hatch)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Race of Champions&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; a Formula 1 race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16880" LastEditorUserId="16880" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T11:59:12.113" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T11:59:12.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25020" CreationDate="2020-07-28T10:02:25.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/25022/6216&quot;&gt;Gerardo Furtado's answer&lt;/a&gt; covers what may be the coldest &lt;em&gt;race&lt;/em&gt;, it is not a &lt;em&gt;World Championship&lt;/em&gt; race, which I feel may be an important distinction to some people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_race_records&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of race records on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, the coldest World Championship race was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Canadian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1978 Canadian Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; - which had a highest temperature of 5°C (41°F) during the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/ca/montreal/CYUL/date/1978-10-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Temperature for Montreal on race-day&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y6vip.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y6vip.png&quot; alt=&quot;Temperature data for Montreal - 1978-10-08&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;I believe the sudden drops are missing data points rather than it suddenly plummeting to 0°C&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_oc6twA0To&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC Highlights of the race&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T15:52:02.107" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T15:52:02.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-28T22:04:16.567" Score="1" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19497/scorecard/1225249/england-vs-west-indies-3rd-test-west-indies-in-england-2020&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3rd Test of the West Indies tour of England in 2020&lt;/a&gt;, Stuart Broad reached 500 test career wickets by dismissing Kraigg Brathwaite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;James Anderson also reached 500 test wickets by dismissing Kraigg Brathwaite, during the 3rd Test of the West Indies tour of England in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have any other bowler pair reached the same wickets milestone by dismissing the same player?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify a few points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I do not mean &amp;quot;Has anyone else reached 500 wickets by dismissing Kraigg Brathwaite&amp;quot; - I mean has Bowler B reached a milestone, also made by Bowler A, by dismissing the same batsman.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'll define a &amp;quot;Milestone&amp;quot; as one of the hundreds - i.e. 100, 200, 300 wickets etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By &amp;quot;Bowler Pair&amp;quot;, I just mean any two bowlers - they can play for any country; but bonus points if they are from the same country.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is mainly aimed at Test wickets, but if there is an occasion in ODIs or T20Is then that's good too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T22:04:16.567" Title="Have any other bowlers reached the same test wickets milestone by dismissing the same batsman?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25026" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25028" CreationDate="2020-07-29T10:14:47.147" Score="6" ViewCount="3878" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a clickbaitily-titled &lt;a href=&quot;//www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n29H1x5o0A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Smartest '1000 IQ Plays' in Sports History&amp;quot; video&lt;/a&gt; on YouTube. The second and fourth clips in the video both have American-football players apparently trying desperately to keep the ball &lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt; of the end zone, and instead to down the ball just before the end zone. Would they not score a touchdown if they got the ball in the end zone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GCvrw.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GCvrw.gif&quot; alt=&quot;video clip&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="354" LastEditorUserId="354" LastEditDate="2023-02-13T10:20:09.363" LastActivityDate="2023-02-13T10:20:09.363" Title="Why do the players in this video appear to be trying not to get a touchdown?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|scoring|tactics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25026" CreationDate="2020-07-29T17:28:00.633" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;So there are really 2 things happening regarding to your question: what you're asking, and what those players are actually doing, which is very different than what you asked. I'll explain both situations. But a summary would be that those plays linked are not about a team avoiding a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general as a team you want to score as many points as possible, but in reality, you only need to outscore the opponent, no matter how many points they've scored. You want to always be in a position that gives you higher chance of winning, which is usually, but not always, synonymous to having the most points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when do you want to not score immediately? Based on the last statement of the previous paragraph, whenever it gives you a higher chance of winning.&#xA;Imagine the score is tied at 24 a piece. Your team has the ball at the opponents 10 yard line with 1 minute to go on the first down.&#xA;If you score a touchdown on the very next play, the opponent has a chance to score back in the next 55ish seconds left on the clock to tie the score. They could be aggressive and go for the 2 point conversion and try to win, or take a more conservatice approach to go to overtime and try to win there.&#xA;Either way you have left the door open for the oponent to win.&#xA;On the other hand, you could run the clock down close to 0 seconds left, and try an easy chip kick to win the game with the opponent having no chance to get the ball back. Same tactic is used when the team is 1 or 2 points down too, it just marginally of a higher risk as missing a kick could result in a loss.&#xA;So in that case, coaches will go for run plays where time doesn't stop, instead of a pass play where there is potential of stopping the time clock on incomplete passes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Jbkwj5hU3uI?t=728&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an example where a teams is actually leading, but the Rams stop from scoring immediately to avoid any scenario of letting Aaron Rodgers and company produce yet another miracle win, although it would've required 2 scores, and an onside kick recovery all just under a minute which even by their standards would've been highly unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As real and strategic these situations are, this is NOT at all what the plays in the video you linked are about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those 2 plays are the tail end of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_(gridiron_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;punts&lt;/a&gt;. If the ball hits the endzone, it results in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchback&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;touchback&lt;/a&gt;, and the ball will be placed on the 20 yard line. Notice the ball has to either hit the endzone ground (including the goal line), or a player that is touching that area has to touch the ball for a touchback to occur.&#xA;This is clearly worse than having your opponent anywhere between the 20 yard line and their endzone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now watch those plays again.&#xA;In the first one (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQbs7gpfkcI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;See full play here&lt;/a&gt;), two Patriot special teams players make diving &amp;quot;saves&amp;quot; to not let the ball hit the endzone, and then a third player downs the ball around the 1st yard line. Thus, the Patriots pushed backed the Steelers 19 yards had they let the ball bounce in the endzone. In a playoff game, plays like this can be the difference between playing a game next week or watching it from home.&#xA;Similarly, in the second play a Buccaneer stops the ball from bouncing in the endzone, passing it back where it's recovered by a teammate inside the 1 yard line.&#xA;So the point of those plays were not avoid scoring, but rather pushing back the opposing team. Which means they need a longer drive to score, and also significantly increases the chance of scoring a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_score)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;safety&lt;/a&gt; on the defensive side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-15T13:50:49.227" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T13:50:49.227" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25031" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-04T01:49:47.010" Score="0" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering all opposing players are on the left side of the pitch, is player 22 offside ?&#xA;I drew this on paint so please pardon the laziness.&#xA;Might seem odd as a question but all opposing players are on my side (left side) of the pitch does that not free the player 22 ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eVzeJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eVzeJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20160" LastEditorUserId="20160" LastEditDate="2020-08-04T13:30:57.557" LastActivityDate="2020-08-04T13:30:57.557" Title="Is this player offside?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2020-08-04T06:44:48.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24773" CreationDate="2020-08-07T08:33:49.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, The strike can only be rotated it the batsman actually run between the wickets thats what they only &lt;strong&gt;rotate strike for the ODD number of runs made&lt;/strong&gt;, 6 is an even number so the batsman who hit the run remains on the strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The situation is different if the batsmen hits a six on the last of the over, then indefinitely the batsmen men have to change the strike due to the completion of the over&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Switching of batting and bowling ends after every over is done to&#xA;make the game fair and reduce any advantage due to external factors&#xA;such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wind direction (which might support the batsman or the bowler) Ground&#xA;dimensions (the ground might have certain boundaries shorter or longer&#xA;than the others) Pitch conditions (batting continuously on one side&#xA;might degrade the pitch from that end; one side might have more spin&#xA;or bounce than the other)&amp;quot; In which the batsman doesn’t change the&#xA;side the bowler does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastEditorUserId="14756" LastEditDate="2020-08-07T09:34:47.530" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T09:34:47.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22999" CreationDate="2020-08-07T09:14:05.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, The batsmen can’t play the ball once it touched any players from the fielding side.&#xA;Once it made contact with the wicket keepers pads it is called as a dead ball and is no longer in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can refer to the rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;34.2 Not out Hit the ball twice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker will not be out under this Law if he/she&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;34.2.1 strikes the ball a second or subsequent time in order to return the ball to any fielder.  Note, however, the provisions of Law 37.4 (Returning the ball to a fielder).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;34.2.2 wilfully strikes the ball after it has touched a fielder.  Note, however the provisions of Law 37.1 (Out Obstructing the field).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it can mean that he misses the  ball and hits the keeper or hits the ball and the ball bounces of the nearby fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And LAW 37.4 states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;37.4 Returning the ball to a fielder&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either batsman is out Obstructing the field if, at any time while the ball is in play and, without the consent of a fielder, he/she uses the bat or any part of his/her person to return the ball to any fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2020-09-06T19:06:23.730" LastActivityDate="2020-09-06T19:06:23.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4189" CreationDate="2020-08-07T09:52:44.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In India we don’t have any restrictions for not allowing the player play in U19,U16 or U13 due to his/her younger age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he/she has the required skill set they can play at the Under-19 level at a very young age of 13 or even 12 years as the present Indian opener &lt;strong&gt;Smrithi mandhana&lt;/strong&gt; did for the local under 19 team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She represented for Under 16 when she was Nine and Under 19 when she&#xA;was 12 years old respectively &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/15870362/smriti-mandhana-journey-following-brother-practice-becoming-pivotal-india-batsman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Espn Sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T09:52:44.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25036" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-07T18:10:10.167" Score="1" ViewCount="1314" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Columbus Blue Jackets beat the Toronto Maple Leafs &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;amp;q=nhl#sie=m;/g/11jhvb8_09;7;/m/05gwr;dt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4 - 3&lt;/a&gt; on the third game of their best of 5 Stanley Cup qualifier of the 2019-20 season.&#xA;The Blue Jackets did so after trailing 3 - 0 in the second period, but eventually got the game winner with less than 2 minutes to go in the first overtime period. The Blue Jackets also &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;amp;ei=qpYtX97ZO_2O9PwP2_mW8Ag&amp;amp;q=blue%20jackets%20lightning%20playoffs%202019&amp;amp;oq=blue%20jackets%20lightning%20playoffs%202019&amp;amp;gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIGCAAQFhAeOgQIABBHUIEfWK4iYLQjaABwAXgAgAGQAYgB0QSSAQMxLjSYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&amp;amp;sclient=psy-ab&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwje1omC1onrAhV9B50JHdu8BY4Q4dUDCAs&amp;amp;uact=5#sie=m;/g/11h0yl832g;7;/m/05gwr;dt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;came back&lt;/a&gt; to win with the same score after being down 3 - 0 again in the second period of the first game of the first round playoffs  the previous season against the Tampa Bay Lightning. The president trophy winning Lightning had posted the highest points total in the history of NHL regular season and were huge favorite to win the Cup, but after losing their 3 goal lead were swept by the wildcard Blue Jackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=nhl&amp;amp;rlz=1C5CHFA_enCA860CA868&amp;amp;oq=nhl&amp;amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j69i65.677j0j1&amp;amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8#sie=m;/g/11jhv9kllw;7;/m/05gwr;dt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;next game&lt;/a&gt; of the series was also won 4 - 3, this time by the Maple leafs, who were down 3 - 0 with less than 4 minutes remaining in the third. They scored 3 after pulling their goalie and got the winner in the OT. Making both teams overcoming 3 goal deficits in back to back games. This made Toronto the third team ever to come back from 3 behind with less than 5 minutes remaining in the game in a playoff game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K1vPSm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K1vPSm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me how many times in the Stanley Cup playoffs has a team come back trailing at least 3 goals down since 1980? What percentage of teams who trail at least 3 goals in the playoffs go on winning that game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T13:10:16.850" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T14:06:45.730" Title="How many times has a team trailing by at least 3 goals won a Stanley Cup playoffs game?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25088" CreationDate="2020-08-08T15:00:30.013" Score="2" ViewCount="744" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Montreal Canadiens beat the Pittsburgh Penguins 3 - 1 in their best of 5 series of qualifying round of the 2019-20 Stanley Cup playoffs. The heavy underdogs pulled of the upset without scoring a single power play goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which teams have managed to win a Stanley cup playoff series (at least a best of 5) without scoring any power play goals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T21:39:47.293" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T17:53:00.970" Title="How many times a team has won a playoffs series without scoring a power play goal?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25039" CreationDate="2020-08-08T15:45:04.563" Score="1" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm developing a spreadsheet to emulate the tournament 'wallchart' you get for football tournaments. The regulations governing the ranking of teams (&lt;strong&gt;Article 19.04&lt;/strong&gt; found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/54/36/05/2543605_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On completion of the final tournament group stage, final group standings are&#xA;compiled based on the number of points obtained by each team in the group.[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Article 20.01&lt;/strong&gt; goes further and details how to sort teams &lt;em&gt;on completion of the final tournament group stage&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. by using head-to-head records).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, I would try to sort teams as the games were played (i.e. if they were level on points, I would try to use Article 20.01). However, this would create some unusual rankings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uI1kR.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uI1kR.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams that have not played each other yet cannot be ranked using head-to-head (in this example, Switzerland have not yet played either Italy or Turkey).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: I have changed the sorting to use Overall Pts, Overall GD then Overall F to sort teams at the moment. When the final group game scores have been entered then, and only then, do head-to-head tiebreakers get used. Is this approach correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or should we try to apply the head-to-head rules as games are played? If so, how should teams be ranked if they have not played each other yet? See another example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BZBuO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BZBuO.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20167" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T16:09:43.303" Title="UEFA European Championship 2020 Group Ranking" Tags="|football|uefa|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25038" CreationDate="2020-08-08T16:09:43.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the final group game scores have been entered then, and only then, do head-to-head tiebreakers get used. Is this approach correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's perhaps correct &lt;em&gt;enough&lt;/em&gt;. Group standings while the group is still in progress don't mean anything. When the group hasn't started yet, there is nothing to tiebreak on, and the teams are probably shown in alphabetical order (or maybe in the order of the draw, i.e. the highest seed first) without implying any ranking at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, 'partial' standings are usually ranked on Points, then on Matches played (lower = better), then on Goal difference (or perhaps the head-to-head match).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, only the final standings matter, and by then it's always possible to use the head-to-head match as a tiebreaker if necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T16:09:43.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24780" CreationDate="2020-08-08T21:55:56.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the paper &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Creating space to shoot: quantifying spatial&#xA;relative field goal efficiency in basketball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; by Ashton Shortridge, Kirk Goldsberry and Matthew Adams; published in&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, Volume 10: Issue 3, pg. 303 (2014)&lt;/strong&gt;, the figures look much more like your one (with big squares near the net, and smaller squares as you go further away):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NCBpQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NCBpQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this paper, based on the legend in the figures, it seems the smallest square denotes &amp;lt;3 shots, the middle-sized square denotes 3-147 shots, and the big squares denote 148 or more shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Circled in yellow at the top of the above screenshot, I've searched for where the seemingly arbitrary number &amp;quot;148&amp;quot; comes from, and only got 3 hits (two of them in this figure itself). The third and final mention of the number 148 was in the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Monroe was effectively an average shooter from the rest of his constellation, but at the basket he hit 85 of 148 shots.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So sizes of the squares (which later became hexagons) seem to be based on the fact that Monroe (only one of the two players depicted in the figure) took 148 shots near the basket. It is still confusing because there's several big squares near the basket in Monroe's figure, rather than just one, which would suggest that he took 148 shots at several different locations near the basket, which would not make sense, but the point is that the authors have chosen a seemingly &lt;em&gt;arbitrary&lt;/em&gt; number (148) and based the sizes of the squares on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Goldsberry's image that you showed us in your question, it's this time not from an academic paper but more for general basketball fans. If the academic paper is not clear on how to &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; reproduce the figures, I am doubtful that this less academic picture that you've posted, would come with enough associated meta-data available for others to reproduce the figure easily: I could even find where that image came from, and a Google Image Search resulted in only &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; such plot (see top-left corner in screenshot below), and that plot is the type from the original paper and the type that you achieved (big near the rim, small as you go further away):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kEFPq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kEFPq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player in your image is Bradley Beal, and I looked up his stats, which show that he does indeed take more 2-point attempts than 3-point attempts, so it does seem that a big hexagon in 3-point range in your image, represents fewer shots than a hexagon of the same size in 2-point range in your image. If you are doing this for science, you are free to scale the hexagons however you feel would be best for the science (and there is no doubt that you can in fact make a plot even better than Goldsberry himself), but if your goal is to precisely reproduce Goldsberry's plots, your best option is probably to ask Goldsberry himself (his Twitter handle seems to be in the image that you posted!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20088" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T21:55:56.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25041" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25048" CreationDate="2020-08-09T00:22:35.940" Score="5" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;LeBron James suggested that he would like to participate in a USA vs non-USA all-star match, during the 2020 all-star draft. While forming hypothetical teams for such a match I quickly started finding it hard to find superstar players from the USA that could play the position of &amp;quot;center&amp;quot; (usually the tallest players on the team, and usually about 7 feet tall), and I found an overwhelmingly large number of superstars that could play center for the non-USA team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The notion of a &amp;quot;superstar&amp;quot; is subjective, but most basketball enthusiasts would agree (to the extent that it's possible to agree on a list like this in sports) with &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2858608-bleacher-reports-top-100-players-in-the-nba-right-now&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Favale's ranking of the top players in the NBA before the 2019-2020 season started&lt;/a&gt;. I will summarize the top 12 (since that's how many players are picked for each team in an all-star game) players from the USA and the top 12 players from outside the USA, the positions they usually play (C = center), and their heights:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Non-USA                                | USA&#xA;==========================================================================&#xA;1.  Giannis Antetokounmpo (SF)    6'11''   | Steph Curry (PG/SG)    6'3''&#xA;2.  Nikola Jokić          (C)     7'0''    | Kawhi Leonard (SF/SG)  6'7''&#xA;3.  Joel Embiid           (PF/C)  7'0''    | LeBron James (SF/PF)   6'9''&#xA;4.  Rudy Gobert           (C)     7'1''    | James Harden (SG/PG)   6'5''&#xA;5.  Ben Simmons           (PG/SF) 6'10''   | Anthony Davis (PF/C)   6'10''&#xA;--------------------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;6.  Luka Dončić           (PG/SF) 6'7''    | Paul George (PF/SF)    6'8''&#xA;7.  Pascal Siakam         (PF)    6'9''    | Damian Lillard (PG)    6'2''&#xA;8.  Kristaps Porziņģis    (PF/C)  7'3''    | Karl-Anthony Towns (C) 6'11''         &#xA;9.  Danilo Gallinari      (SF/PF) 6'10''   | Jimmy Butler (SG/SF)   6'7''&#xA;10. Nikola Vucevic        (C)     7'0''    | Kyrie Irving (PG/SG)   6'2''&#xA;11. Marc Gasol            (C)     6'11''   | Russell Westbrook (PG) 6'3''&#xA;12. Domantas Sabonis      (C/PF)  6'11''   | Blake Griffin (PF/C)   6'9''&#xA;--------------------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;Average height:                   6'11''   |                        6'6''&#xA;==========================================================================&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The  non-USA team would have &lt;em&gt;zero&lt;/em&gt; people that are listed as usually playing the position of shooting guard (SG) and would have an extra-ordinarily large number of centres, forcing us to go deeper into the list of top rated NBA players to find enough people to fill the team, which will only cause us to run into &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; centres like Serge Ibaka (7'0'').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jamal Murray is technically non-USA, since he's Canadian, but for the purposes of this study I've grouped him with team &amp;quot;America&amp;quot;, since recruitment processes within North America differ greatly from those outside of North America (and not only can I do this to Jamal because I'm Canadian, but I also live in the city where Jamal was born ). The same is true for Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Domantas Sabonis beat them both to all-star selection in 2019-2020 anyway).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is understood that Trae Young, Kemba Walker, Chris Paul, Bam Adebayo, Jayson Tatum, Kris Middleton, Kyle Lowry, Donavan Mitchell, Brandon Ingram, Devin Booker, Bradley Beal, Draymond Green, Klay Thompson, and many others could have replaced (for example) Blake Griffin in the USA list, but &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;none&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of them are centres anyway, and neither is Kevin Durant (who was left out of Dan Favele's list due to injury), and since Blake Griffin does in fact play center, replacing him with any of the above all-stars would only make my argument &lt;em&gt;stronger&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the reason for this discrepancy?&lt;/strong&gt; I have come up with some ideas, but they all have unsatisfactory aspects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Taller players are generally better at basketball, and the NBA only takes the best (i.e. tallest) international players, whereas we have a bigger pool of North American players from which to choose, so the shorter players have a better chance of making it into the NBA&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;The flaw in this argument is that it is &lt;strong&gt;not true&lt;/strong&gt; that taller players are generally better, because 7/10 of the top 10 players in the aforementioned list, are 6'10'' or shorter, and USA's last player Blake Griffin is at rank #17 is 6'9'' whereas everyone after Ben Simmons on team non-USA would not make it to the team USA team here.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;There's 7 billion in the world and only 330 million in USA, and if we need people to be at least 6'10'' to play the position of centre and we have a shortage of tall enough people from USA, we can pick from a bigger pool if we search outside USA&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;This might be the real reason for the aforementioned discrepancy, but if the best basketball players are on average 6'6'' then it begs the question of why we haven't recruited more international players at around that height (unless such players at the superstar level don't exist internationally, which I doubt)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20088" LastEditorUserId="20088" LastEditDate="2021-04-08T02:52:53.223" LastActivityDate="2021-04-08T02:52:53.223" Title="Non-USA superstars in the NBA seem to be much taller on average than superstars from the USA: What exactly is the reason?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|ranking|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25057" CreationDate="2020-08-09T04:14:01.410" Score="4" ViewCount="1424" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the past season or so I've noticed in most cases when the ball touches any part of a player's arm handball is given. Either the handball rule has changed or the introduction of VAR in top tier leagues has impacted what is being called a handball, as these calls almost always result in a couple of minute stoppage for VAR. When such fouls happen the commentators talk about &amp;quot;the new rule&amp;quot;, which makes me think maybe the rule itself was modified.&#xA;It's caused numerous goals being taken away and penalties awarded by VAR that would've been counted before this rule change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of these handballs are accidental or the players simply didn't have enough time to react and get their arms out of the way. Not only having goals taken away or goals given (indirectly through penalties) have been impacting games, but sometimes rely on super slow motion shots to look for a handball that totally ignores the athletes' reaction time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, August 8th 2020, Juventus was given a penalty after the ball hit a Lyon defender on a wall in the arm while his arm is closed and pressed against his body. You can see the foul &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/QKNi9wLknXk?t=93&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And today, August 9th 2020, a Messi goal was taken back after VAR ruled it a handball. The ball made a slight touch to his arm after/while he controlled it with his chest. I wasn't able to see that in the usual slow motion speed. You can see this goal &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/XZ2PsZR6J9o?t=31&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there was the infamous &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1SnkYV3t-k&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=187&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lucas Moura handball&lt;/a&gt;. Tottenham Spurs Moura was fouled and as he fell a Sheffield United player kicked the ball at his arm, all while Moura is looking away during his fall. The referee plays advantage, Harry Kayne picks up the loose ball and scores with it. But VAR took the goal back cause Moura's arm made contact with the ball!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand by the letter of the law the ball touching an arm is handball, but I don't see how any of these 3 scenarios could be logically considered as a handball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So has the handball rule has been changed or these handball calls we now see are a byproduct of having video review? If the rule has changed, what was FIFA's reasoning behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T15:10:43.160" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T15:10:43.160" Title="Why is the ball hitting any part of the arm now a handball?" Tags="|rules|football|fifa|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22661" CreationDate="2020-08-09T08:38:47.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on what the bowler wants to do, We can guess/pre-medicate what the bowler is going to do by the field he set for you and what the situation of the game is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example if you consider a test match cricket where a right arm fast bowler comes round the stump for a right hand batsman, has a short leg and leg slip and a square leg, that mean the bowler is going to bowl short and into you ribcage expecting you to play the ball, if you open your stance you are setting up to play the ball which is what the bowler wanted to, you playing at athe ball instead of leaving or ducking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you consider the modern day format like T20, a right arm fast bowler comes around to right hand batsmen, to cramp the batsmen for the space he can create when the ball is coming into him, and if the batsmen want to open up his stance to a more open body approach he'll only give the bowler more advantage as the bowler can hit more area of his pads and has a greater advantage to getting him out LBW or Bowled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only that opening up the stance mean you going out your natural way to counter the bowler. which your not used to that much, and have greater chance of committing a mistake, also you are not likely to score runs on the off side of the wicket if you open your stance as it is hard to play when your body weight is on the legside of the wicket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that is why most of batsmen doesn’t prefer to change there stance if the bowler comes around the stump to distract/put him off guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T08:38:47.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25045" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-09T17:55:08.550" Score="1" ViewCount="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sabrina Ionescu plans to come back from her grade 3 ankle sprain in one month, in time for the WNBA playoffs. She plans to &lt;strong&gt;conquer rehab&lt;/strong&gt;. I've read it takes longer than a month to heal from a grade 3 ankle sprain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone in sports returned from a grade 3 sprain in one month?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20169" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-09T18:08:38.363" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T18:08:38.363" Title="Has anyone in sports returned from a grade 3 ankle sprain in one month?" Tags="|basketball|injuries|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25047" CreationDate="2020-08-10T16:21:26.097" Score="1" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL resumed the 2019-20 season post COVID shutdowns in Edmonton and Toronto as hosts to the  western and eastern conferences respectively. With the Edmonton Oilers and Toronto Maple Leafs both eliminated in the qualifiers round, none of the playoff games will include a team from the city the games are held in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has the Stanley Cup playoffs games ever been held on neutral ice before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T19:30:32.300" Title="Has the Stanley Cup playoffs games ever been held on neutral ice?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25046" CreationDate="2020-08-10T19:30:32.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sort of.  No complete series in the modern game was played entirely at a neutral site, but some series had one or two games played at neutral sites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1925 Stanley Cup Finals&lt;/a&gt;, for example, was between the Victoria Cougars and the Montreal Canadiens.  Back then, all of the games were held in one side of the country; alternating between West and East.  That year, it was west, so hosted primarily from Victoria (which is in British Columbia basically between Vancouver and Seattle); but one game was in Vancouver, which was considered technically a neutral site (though not exactly neutral in any meaningful sense).  Wikipedia calls it &amp;quot;the last neutral site game in Stanley Cup Finals history that did not involve the New York Rangers.&amp;quot;  Only one game (game 2) was hosted there, the other three in Victoria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that, the neutral site games I see were only when the Rangers were forced to play games on the road due to the Circus being at Madison Square Garden (this is akin to the Chicago (NBA) Bulls &amp;quot;Circus Road Trip&amp;quot; when United Center is occupied by the circus in the early fall).  In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/a&gt;, in the NY-DET finals, five games were played in Detroit and two in Toronto.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was the last Stanley Cup Final to feature a team that did not host any games and also the last to feature neutral site games, which were held in Toronto on account of scheduling conflicts at Madison Square Garden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least one other Rangers' finals games were played at neutral sites; in 1932, one game was played at Boston Garden in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1932 finals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 1925, it's likely there were other games at neutral sites, but you're getting far enough back it's not as relevant to today's game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T19:30:32.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25041" CreationDate="2020-08-10T20:04:54.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: here I'll refer to the &amp;quot;world&amp;quot; game; there's no one World game style of course, but there are some things that tend to be more common in non-NBA leagues due to some rule differences and court differences.  It's a generalization of limited value, but it simplifies the answer.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that the answer to this would be the difference in the US and World games, in part, and in particular trends in the US game in the last five years or so that have &lt;em&gt;massively&lt;/em&gt; changed the job of some players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taller is better, certainly, so long as it's not correlated with worse aspects - such as ability to make shots.  Lebron James is, well, Lebron James in part because of his height - at 6'9&amp;quot; he can shoot over the 6'4&amp;quot; players who otherwise have a similar skill set.  He has the abilities of a guard in the body of a power forward, and thus is one of the best players of all time.  Eat a little less veggies as a kid, and 6'6&amp;quot; Lebron James is maybe Paul Pierce good, but not Lebron James good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That caveat, though, is pretty important: the likelihood of a taller player being as good a shot as a shorter player is not terribly good.  That's not solely because height makes it hard to be good at basketball skills - it can make it harder to be coordinated, but the real problem is there are maybe &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifod.com/how-many-people-are-7-foot-tall/#:%7E:text=In%20researching%20this%20topic%20the,7%20foot%20tall%20or%20taller.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a hundred people at most&lt;/a&gt; over 7' in the US; there are tens of thousands of people who are 6'6&amp;quot; (1/1000 of US men, so maybe as many as 150,000) and even more who are 6'3&amp;quot; (2% of US men, so over a million). Given that of those hundred, only a few will be in their 20s at any one point - maybe a dozen or so? - and it's unsurprising you don't often see a person 7' or taller that is particularly good at basketball skills &lt;em&gt;beyond&lt;/em&gt; the height, while you have millions of people vying to be Steph Curry or James Harden.  Of course you find better skilled players at that height!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World players tend to not be as well respected over here - that's slowly changing, but look at how hard it was to get Dirk Nowitzki to be respected here; when he started he was only drafted ninth, despite having a skillset that competed with adults, a nearly Lebron-level ability and at seven feet tall.  This is changing, in no small part thanks to Dirk himself; but it's slow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the reasons world players tend not to be as respected here is that they're thought to be soft - the NBA used to be a far more physical league, and still has that reputation, though it's not truly deserved anymore I don't personally feel.  As such, taller players tend to have an easier time getting over here, because they're more likely to be able to survive the physical game than a smaller player.  Think about the Isaiah Thomas Pistons in the 80s, or the Patrick Ewing Knicks; those were bruising, physical teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly, though, the taller World players are also a good fit for the US game right now. The World game has always tended to place a higher value on basketball ability than physical ability; look at players like Dirk, who was 7'0&amp;quot; but had an amazing outside game.  In 2020 that's not shocking or unique, but in 1998 it was not common - Kevin Garnett was the only truly direct comparison, really, over here, and he was unique in his own way.  The fact that the US game has shifted so much recently towards shooting has a direct impact here - even the center needs to shoot; no longer are Garnett and Nowitzki unique, but nearly every team has a center who's happy to shoot the three.  Thus, tall international players are comfortable shooting long distance, and come over here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect it's also in part that taller international players are more likely to be the stars of their local teams for years - and thus more likely to have a well rounded game; here, a 7' player is almost certainly going to end up on Kentucky or Duke or something and not have to carry the load, unless they're truly special, after high school, and even in high school odds are a player who will end up 7' is going to be on an AAU team with other highly skilled players.  In Croatia, or Germany, or Italy, it's more likely they'll be on a club team for years with somewhat less skill around them - and thus develop ball handling and distance shooting skills of their own.  This is just my supposition, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally; for more evidence of the NBA game change mattering, look at what this would've been like twenty years ago.  Picked at random, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/allstar/NBA_2002.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;: Starters Kevin Garnett and Tim Duncan  on the West were 6'11&amp;quot; each, plus Dirk Nowitzki and Peja Stojaković; the East had Dikembe Mutumbo, who was born in the Congo but went to college in the US, and two reserves at 6'10&amp;quot;, Alonzo Mourning and and Jermaine O'Neal.  Four American (ish), two European, and one African players.  Lots near 7'.  And for whatever reason no Shaq that year!  In fact, only four years before, you'd have had a &lt;em&gt;ton&lt;/em&gt; of 7 footers from the US - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/allstar/NBA_1998.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt; had Rik Smits (7'4&amp;quot;!!), Shawn Kemp (6'10&amp;quot;), Jayson Williams (6'9&amp;quot;), Antoine Walker (6'8&amp;quot;) on the east alongside Dikembe, and Shaq(7'1&amp;quot;), Garnett(6'11&amp;quot;), David Robinson (7'1&amp;quot;), Tim Duncan (6'11&amp;quot;), Karl Malone (6'9'), Vin Baker (6'11&amp;quot;) - the list goes on.  No shortage of tall Americans - but not what you'd expect of the game today, for better or for worse; there's just no place for a big guy who can't hit a shot from anywhere much outside of the restricted area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more &amp;quot;guess&amp;quot; - a few major failures, starting with the Bulls' &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/bulls/news/draft_2001.html#:%7E:text=Besides%20acquiring%20the%20rights%20to,pick%2C%20selecting%20center%20Eddy%20Curry.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;historically disastrous draft&lt;/a&gt; and the failure of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Oden&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Greg Oden&lt;/a&gt; a few years later, made front offices hesitant to draft big centers - foot problems and other issues seemed to keep cropping up, while 6'6&amp;quot; guys were much safer.  Unfortunately, height and weight are both bad for your feet!  International players have the same issue, but since they come over at a few years older and often fully grown bodies, the scouts can figure out which ones are less likely to get hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T20:04:54.407" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25055" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-11T13:09:31.777" Score="1" ViewCount="532" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been getting a lot of tightness in my shoulders and neck after doing diving practice. I wonder if it's because of the impact when I hit the ground and my head shakes a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any ways to lessen the impact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20174" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T22:31:35.670" LastActivityDate="2024-02-12T04:06:15.710" Title="Is neck pain a common side-effect when diving?" Tags="|football|injuries|goalkeeper|gaelic-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22571" CreationDate="2020-08-11T14:18:37.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They sell blank flash cards, with rings to hold them together, on Amazon. Maybe you would find it helpful to put the hand signals on this type of flash card. I find it a good way to stay organized when I need to memorize a lot on a specific topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20169" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T14:18:37.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25042" CreationDate="2020-08-11T15:38:19.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The International Football Association Board (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/home&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB&lt;/a&gt;), which is the body in charge of Laws of soccer, passed a set of rule changes on March 2019 for the 2019/20 season. Some of the main law changes were regarding free kicks, goal kicks, drop balls, and handballs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So has the handball rule has been changed or these handball calls we now see are a byproduct of having video review?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the rules have changes, and the reasoning behind is to &amp;quot;bring more clarity for  handball&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/uefaorg/Refereeing/02/60/67/07/2606707_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;handball rule changes&lt;/a&gt; under Law 12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deliberate handball remains an offence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The following ‘handball’ situations, even if accidental, will be a free kick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball goes into the goal after touching an attacking player’s hand/arm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player gains control/possession of the ball after it has touches their hand/arm and then scores, or creates a goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball touches a player’s hand/arm which has made their body unnaturally bigger&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball touches a player’s hand/arm when it is above their shoulder (unless the player has deliberately played the ball which then touches their hand/arm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The following will not usually be a free kick, unless they are one of the above situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball touches a player’s hand/arm directly from their own head/body/foot or the head/body/foot of another player who is close/near&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball touches a player’s hand/arm which is close to their body and has not made their body unnaturally bigger&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if a player is falling  and the ball touches their hand/arm when it is between their body and the ground to support the body (but not extended to make the body bigger)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the goalkeeper attempts to ‘clear’ (release into play) a throw-in or deliberate kick from a team-mate but the ‘clearance’ fails, the goalkeeper can then handle the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So based on the above rules, an accidental handball not a handball, unless it results in a score or a scoring opportunity. So if the ball hits my arm outside of the box accidentally it's not a handball, but if I gain control of the ball, shoot and score, that handball must be ruled a foul. The way I read it, it means a non offencive handball becomes retrospectively a handball in this situation!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in April 2020, there was &lt;a href=&quot;https://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/832/105743_070420_LoG_2020_21_changes_and_clarifications_EN.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;further amendments&lt;/a&gt; to handball law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Handball:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the boundary between the shoulder and the arm is defined as the bottom of the armpit (see the diagram on p. 14)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;‘accidental’ handball by an attacking player (or team-mate) is only penalised if it occurs ‘immediately’ before a goal or clear goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an offence if a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;deliberately touches the ball with their hand/arm, including moving the hand/arm towards the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;scores in the opponents’ goal directly from their hand/arm, even if accidental, including by the goalkeeper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clarification that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if an attacking player accidentally touches the ball with their hand/arm and the ball then goes to another attacking player and the attacking team immediately scores, this is a handball offence;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it is not an offence if, after an accidental handball, the ball travels some distance (pass or dribble) and/or there are several passes before the goal or goal-scoring opportunity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems as of the latest updates, accidental handballs are an offense if they immediately result in a score, but if the ball travels &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; distance or there are &lt;em&gt;number&lt;/em&gt; of passes it's not. The rule is still vague as to what distance the ball can travel, or ho many passes before an accidental handball results in a free kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the rule has changed, what was FIFA's reasoning behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IFAB has the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/uefaorg/Refereeing/02/60/67/07/2606707_DOWNLOAD.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;explanation&lt;/a&gt; for the rule changes of the 2019/20 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Greater clarity is needed for handball, especially on those occasions when ‘non-deliberate’ handball is an offence. The re-wording follows a number of principles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;football does not accept a goal being scored by a hand/arm (even if accidental)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;football expects a player to be penalised for handball if they gain possession/control of the ball from their hand/arm and gain a major advantage e.g. score or create a goal-scoring opportunity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it is natural for a player to put their arm between their body and the ground for support when falling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;having the hand/arm above shoulder height is rarely a ‘natural’ position and a player is ‘taking a risk’ by having the hand/arm in that position, including when sliding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball comes off the player’s body, or off another player (of either team) who is close by, onto the hands/arms it is often impossible to avoid contact with the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the GK clearly kicks or tries to kick the ball into play, this shows no intention to handle the ball so, if the ‘clearance’ attempt is unsuccessful, the goalkeeper can then handle the ball without committing an offence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The law changes don't mention VAR, but since goal are reviewed by VAR on top tier leagues, these new handball rules are applied with scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T20:13:19.103" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T20:13:19.103" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25058" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-08-11T16:59:46.780" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T16:59:46.780" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T16:59:46.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25059" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-08-11T16:59:46.780" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding field goals in sports such as American Football, Canadian Football, etc. Questions using this tag should also be tagged with the specific sport(s) in question." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T23:12:56.943" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T23:12:56.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25060" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25061" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the game time and its management in sports that use a clock to count up the time spent playing or count down the time remaining in a match." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T17:22:38.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-11T20:02:34.683" Score="1" ViewCount="2164" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I play basketball and post up against a particular opponent he always reaches around from behind me, under my arms and begins to curve around my torso with both arms in an attempt to swap away the ball when it's passed to me.  Like a hug that is 80% completed with arms/hands pointed out straight.  Aside from feeling weird as #$%! I've always wondered if it's legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I am posting up - can an opponent almost completely wrap me up in the way described away in an effort to swat the ball away when it's passed to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; allowed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much contact can he make with my arms when the ball is passed to&#xA;me and i'm trying to catch it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can I turn to the side and extend my&#xA;arm with a 90% turn at the elbow (so my forearm is holding him back)&#xA;in an effort to get some space from him?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19348" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T03:14:48.550" Title="Legal to reach around someone when they are posting up?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25065" CreationDate="2020-08-12T01:44:47.140" Score="1" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Columbus Blue Jackets and the Tampa Bay Lightning played a marathon 5 overtime long game on their series opener of the round of 16 of the 2019-20 Stanley Cup playoffs. At a total length of 150:27 this game was the 4th longest NHL game ever!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are all the single game records that were broken during this game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-30T15:01:47.120" LastActivityDate="2020-08-30T15:01:47.120" Title="What are all the single game records broken in the 5OT game between Blue Jackets vs Lightning?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25063" CreationDate="2020-08-12T14:45:28.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some of the records that were broken, will update the answer if I find out more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Most saves in a playoff game&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/multiple-records-fall-lightnings-unforgettable-ot-win-vs-blue-jackets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; :&#xA;85 by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joonas_Korpisalo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joonas Korpisalo&lt;/a&gt; of CBJ (since shots started being tracked in 55-56 season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Note: Some resources award the most saves in a playoff game to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normie_Smith&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Normie Smith&lt;/a&gt;, with &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/PR_NHL/status/1293357378541367296&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;90&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_records_(individual)#Goaltending&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;92&lt;/a&gt; saves, who played in net for the Detroit Red Wings in the longest NHL game ever against the Montreal Maroons in 1936. However, this was before shots (and incidentally saves) were officially tracked by the NHL. So Korpisalo holds the &lt;em&gt;official&lt;/em&gt; mark of the most saves in a playoff game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total combined shots&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/multiple-records-fall-lightnings-unforgettable-ot-win-vs-blue-jackets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; :&#xA;151 combined by both teams. CBJ had 63, TBL had 88&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Most shots by a team in a game&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/multiple-records-fall-lightnings-unforgettable-ot-win-vs-blue-jackets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; :&#xA;88 by TBL (since shots started being tracked in 55-56 season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Most shots by a team in all OT periods of a game&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://records.nhl.com/records/playoff-team-records/shots-on-goal/most-shots-one-team-ot-playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;:&#xA;47 by TBL (stats being kept since 65-66 season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Most time on ice&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/multiple-records-fall-lightnings-unforgettable-ot-win-vs-blue-jackets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; :&#xA;65:06 by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Jones_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Seth Jones&lt;/a&gt; (since ToI has been tracked in 97-98 season)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also specifically checked for the following, which the game didn't produce a record for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Blocked shots by team and a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Faceoffs by team and a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hits in a game by player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalties by a team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-24T14:18:52.060" LastActivityDate="2020-08-24T14:18:52.060" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24198" CreationDate="2020-08-12T18:00:02.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answering based on watching hundreds of hours of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player's shift is however long they stayed on ice without any break of the game clock. That is if there is a stoppage like a penalty or TV timeout and the player was on ice before and after it, it's still the shift as the game clock didn't pass without the player off ice.&#xA;But if the game clock resets, like it does at the end of the periods, then that players shift also ends. Most skaters shifts are typically averaged from 45 seconds to a minutes, but that doesn't mean all shifts are in that range. You can see players on ice for 2+ minutes in case of a penalty kill, or end of game push to score/keep the other team from scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shifts are based on line changes, but not always when it comes to individual players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some coaches like to always have at least 1 center on ice as much as possible, so they instruct players so that the center on ice comes off only after the next shift's center has come on ice.&#xA;If the on ice center comes off and then the replacing center on, there is a short amount of time no center is on ice and a faceoff could be called, and you would end up with no center to take the faceoff (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18220/why-do-centres-take-face-offs-in-hockey&quot;&gt;see why centers take faceoffs&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you could have a player who had some portion of their shift, then a penalty occurs, and so they remain on ice to penalty kill, even though the rest of their line got off ice. In this case the rest of the line completed a shift, but this player is still continuing theirs since they're part of the penalty kill unit. Similar situation can happen if a player is part of the power play unit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in cases 1 to 3, this is the same shift. By the way, as Parker mentioned, who stays on ice is the coaches decisions, not the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For case 4 I'm inclined to say it's a new shift, as the game clock has passed since the last time the player was on ice. After  penalties you usually see the offender come back on ice and skate for a while, I believe this is a shift. But sometimes you see the offender sprint the length of ice so a more suitable player can get on ice instead of them. In this case, I'm not sure if that's a 1 or 2 second shift or not (maybe it's just ignored??).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Case 5 if the player stays on ice, then it's a new shift. But in most cases the offender and most of the penalty kill unit go back on bench for a break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 6 is a new shift as the period ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Based on Joe's comment on this answer I'm adding the post.&#xA;As stated earlier, a shift is however long a player is on ice without game clock break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shift is so fundamental you're not gonna see a definition for it on nhl.com.&#xA;Hockeyviz, a website that puts visualized basic and advanced stats defines a shift as &lt;a href=&quot;https://hockeyviz.com/txt/shifts1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shift for a player is the total time from when they set skate on the&#xA;ice until they leave the ice; usually they will return to the bench&#xA;but sometimes they will go to the dressing room or to the penalty box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as stated above, my answer for all cases remains the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyDV5s6JajE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alex Kovelav's 5 minute shift&lt;/a&gt; is a famous long shift. Within this shift, there is an icing and an offside which both stop the play. There are 3 power plays, 1 by his team, 2 by the opponent against Kovalev himself. Kovalev scores on one of the power plays too. The shift finally comes to an end as the period ends. Many stoppages, all same shift. And if you don't believe it's all the same shift, look at the linked video uploaded by the NHL itself calling it a 5 minute shift!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T19:21:52.873" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T19:21:52.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-13T15:30:11.990" Score="5" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times has Shoaib Akhtar bowled faster than 160 kmph?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the England vs Pakistan match in the 2003 World Cup, he delivered at the speed of 161.3kmph. Is this the only occasion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answers providing records of domestic matches are also welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20179" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T21:59:15.850" LastActivityDate="2024-02-20T02:05:50.700" Title="How many times has Shoaib Akhtar bowled 160 kmph or faster?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25069" CreationDate="2020-08-14T00:30:24.470" Score="1" ViewCount="709" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a list of all scoring and scoring-related rules changes in the NFL. While the NFL goes back to 1920s, I'll be satisfied with just a list of rules changes going back to 1970, when the NFL and AFL merged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of rules changes that I'm looking for are like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1994 - NFL implemented the 2 point conversion rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011 - NFL changed the kickoff location from the 30yd line to the 35yd line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2018 - NFL changed the kickoff rule so that there's no more running starts by the kicking team until after the kicker kicks the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something that lists all these rules changes throughout the NFL history is what I'm looking for.  I searched on the Internet using Google, checked Wikipedia, and looked at the NFL website but I haven't found anything resembling what I'm looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest resource I found using Google was &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sportsattic.com/araig/NflRulesHistory.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this at Sports Attic&lt;/a&gt; but unfortunately, it stops at year 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are all the rule changes, especially from 1970 to now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20180" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-12T16:46:47.973" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T16:46:47.973" Title="What have been the NFL scoring rules changes?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25068" CreationDate="2020-08-14T00:54:27.703" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztSiem1XU54&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; titled &amp;quot;The OFFICIAL History of NFL Rules!&amp;quot; and similar to the link in the question, it talks about rule changes over time from 1920 to 2019. It's uploaded from a channel of the verified NFL youtube account, so the title should be trusted. Here are the rule changes it mentions. I've bolded those that &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; deemed that are &lt;em&gt;directly or indirectly&lt;/em&gt; effecting scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1933&lt;/strong&gt;: Forward pass become legal from anywhere behind the line of scrimmage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1933&lt;/strong&gt;: Goal posts where moved from the end line to the goal line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1933&lt;/strong&gt;: Ball would be put in play at the hash marks, 10 yards from each  sideline&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1934&lt;/strong&gt;: Penalties removed for multiple incomplete passes in a series of downs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1943: Helmets became mandatory&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1945&lt;/strong&gt;: Hash marks were moved 20 yards from the sidelines&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1946&lt;/strong&gt;: An incomplete pass behind the goal line no longer results in a safety&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1948&lt;/strong&gt;: Tees were allowed on kickoffs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1949&lt;/strong&gt;: Unlimited substitutions allowed following a dead ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1955&lt;/strong&gt;: Ball is declared dead when carrier touches the ground (except for hands and feet) when in grasp of an opponent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1968&lt;/strong&gt;: The competition committee is born, replacing the rules committee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1972&lt;/strong&gt;: Hash marks are moved 70 feet, 9 inches from the sidelines, exactly in line with each goal posts. This is where the hash marks stands currently&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974&lt;/strong&gt;: A defense player is allowed to make contact with a receiver only once after three yards from the line of scrimmage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974&lt;/strong&gt;: The goals posts are moved back from the goal line to the end line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974&lt;/strong&gt;: Kicksoffs are moved from the 40 yard line to the 35 yard line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1974&lt;/strong&gt;: Sudden death over time introduced for all regular season games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1977: The &amp;quot;Head Slap&amp;quot; was banned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1978&lt;/strong&gt;: A defensive player can only make contact with a receiver to the point of five yards beyond the line of scrimmage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1978&lt;/strong&gt;: If an offensive player fumbles on the 4th down or anytime after the 2 minute warning, only the fumbling player can recover and advanced the ball. This is a response to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roller_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Holy Roller&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1986: Use of instant replay is allowed for the first time, but removed in 1992&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994&lt;/strong&gt;: Kickoffs were moved from 35 yard line to the 30 yard line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1994&lt;/strong&gt;: 2 point conversion was introduced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1999&lt;/strong&gt;: Coaches allowed 2 challenges per half, losing a timeout for any unsuccessful challenge&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000: Team touchdown celebrations were outlawed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2004&lt;/strong&gt;: Illegal contact is reinforced more aggressively&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2005: horse-collar tackle forbidden&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2011&lt;/strong&gt;: A reviews official would review all scoring plays&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2011&lt;/strong&gt;: Kickoffs are moved from 30 yard line back to 35 yard line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012&lt;/strong&gt;: Current overtime rules introduced. That is both teams get the chance to score, unless the team receiving the OT kickoff scores a TD on the first drive&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2013&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuck_rule_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tuck rule&lt;/a&gt; is abolished&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2015&lt;/strong&gt;: Extra point attempts move from 2 yard line to the 15 yard line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2017: Regular season overtime is shortened from 15 to 10 minutes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2017&lt;/strong&gt;: Ball moved from 20 yard line to 25 yard line following a touchback&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2017: Team celebrations following a score are re-allowed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2018&lt;/strong&gt;: The catch rule is modified so that there are 3 steps to a catch:&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Secure control of the ball prior to the ball touching the ground,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Touch the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of the body other than the hands,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perform a football act, or maintain control of the ball long enough to do so&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T14:06:43.820" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T14:06:43.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25070" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25071" CreationDate="2020-08-15T13:59:34.727" Score="8" ViewCount="8256" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1, the teams currently seem to be stacked where Mercedes/ferrari are early in the pitlane, and Williams is at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the order of teams decided for the pitlane, and is a position considered more advantageous than the others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T15:06:13.593" Title="What decides where you are in the pitlane, and is there an advantage that could be got depending on where you are in the pit lane?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25070" CreationDate="2020-08-15T15:06:13.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team's position in the pit lane is determined by where they finished in the championship the previous year. The defending champions have their pit boxes at one end of the pit lane (&lt;em&gt;which&lt;/em&gt; end varies from race to race), and then it goes along in championship order until the team that finished last the previous year have their pit boxes at the opposite end of the pit lane. Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_stop#Location_and_terminology&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;claims&lt;/a&gt; (albeit without a source) that this is standard practice for most racing series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.racefans.net/groups/f1/forum/topic/pitlane-position-of-teams/#post-219187&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A one-off exception to this&lt;/a&gt; was the 2012 British Grand Prix. The pit lane at Silverstone had been relocated in 2011, and fans complained that they were left unable to see the pit boxes of the top three teams, so for 2012 those top three teams (Red Bull, McLaren, and Ferrari) were given pit boxes near the middle of the pit lane so fans could see them. This apparently did not carry over to future British Grands Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether your pit box's position can give you an advantage, there are some negligible advantages to being first or last in the pit lane, but not much:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're at the start of the pit lane, you can dive straight into your box without potentially having to maneuver around the previous team's pit crew (as there is no previous team).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you're at the end of the pit lane, you can similarly drive straight out of your pit box without having to maneuver around the next team's pit crew, as there is no next team. You also don't have to worry about other cars being unsafely released into your path and forcing you to brake.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answers to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/formula1/comments/744b54/how_is_the_garage_order_determined_in_the_pit_lane/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Reddit thread&lt;/a&gt; suggest that teams get to choose their own pit garages, with the defending champions getting first pick, the 2nd-placed team picking next, and so on. I can find no further evidence to support this, and I am much more included to trust my own experience from 15+ years of watching Formula One than I am to trust some random Reddit user.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T15:06:13.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25072" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-16T17:51:53.013" Score="1" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/q-91ZCBVUes?t=41&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this match&lt;/a&gt; between Willie Thorne and Jimmy White, Jimmy pots the pink ball (at 0:41) and the cue ball stops extremely suddenly in perfect position to finish on the black.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1G1Gb.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1G1Gb.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst playing pool I have done this shot a few times without conscious effort and I'm wondering how it is done. I imagine it requires a huge amount of spin and a good follow through to achieve, but is this a shot that can be done consistently given the right technique or does it rely mostly on luck to achieve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="696" LastEditorUserId="696" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T19:24:46.890" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T19:24:46.890" Title="How can I recreate this snooker shot where the ball stops instantly after striking a cushion?" Tags="|technique|snooker|cue-sports|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24900" CreationDate="2020-08-16T18:07:09.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I imagine the justification is based on practicality. It would be virtual impossible to have players avoid touching the table and/or to sanitise the table after each shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue is that having separate rests for players to use is a low-cost and low-effort solution to reducing risk in an environment that is already fairly safe, at least in relation to grocery stores, schools and work places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the Championship League all players, referees, commentators and&#xA;staff are required to take tests for COVID-19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will be social distancing measures throughout the venue and&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;players seated at least two metres apart during matches&lt;/strong&gt;, which is not&#xA;a problem for snooker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players &lt;strong&gt;must use anti-bacterial hand sanitiser before matches&lt;/strong&gt; and&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;avoid handshakes&lt;/strong&gt;, while first aid personnel will be on site at all&#xA;times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the tests are being analysed, players will be required to wait&#xA;in isolation in a private area and unable to move until given the&#xA;all-clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player wins a match and leaves the building, he will be tested&#xA;again on his return before being allowed to re-enter the venue, though&#xA;no guests will be allowed to attend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A catering service will be provided at the hotel, though no-one is&#xA;allowed to share food or have dinner together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/52848049&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/52848049&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are both touching the wood all around the sides of the table,&#xA;where they rest their hand to play a shot, so what difference does&#xA;touching the same wooden rest make?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality most players would avoid making any poor positional shots that require them to place their bridge hand on the rail. In some cases this isn't possible, especially if the opponent leaves the ball in an undesirable position. The area where players will be resting their bridge hand (either on the cloth or rails) is a much larger surface area than the handle of a rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="696" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T18:07:09.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25074" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cue sports are a family of games played by hitting a &amp;quot;cue ball&amp;quot; with a long stick, the &amp;quot;cue&amp;quot;, into other balls on a flat surface. Prototypical games in this family include &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/pool&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;pool&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;pool&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/snooker&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;snooker&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;snooker&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/billiards&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;billiards&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;billiards&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Far more information can be found on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25075" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" Score="0" Body="For questions which could apply to more than one of the cue sports (snooker, billiards, pool, etc). In general, questions should always be tagged with one or more specific sports as well as this tag." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T09:49:15.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24156" CreationDate="2020-08-17T12:52:59.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a look at the sessions from the 17 days of the Snooker World Championship in 2020 to see if the theory that the higher seeded player is seated by the yellow pocket side. This seems to be the case and the highest seeded players score will also be shown on the left side on the screen as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a two table setup the highest ranking player will still sit on the left side but in the same corner. I have also noticed that the lowest seeded player will be announced to the table before the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="696" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T12:52:59.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17701" CreationDate="2020-08-17T22:04:25.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do &amp;quot;32,16,16&amp;quot; (in the Shenzhen tournament) mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been told that for example in the Shenzhen tournament the qualification board can have 16 female players and only 4 may qualify. It means that each player must win two matches to enter in the competition. But, how do you know that only 4 can qualify? It is not written in the 2018 WTA calendar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first part of this question is explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/4383/1723&quot;&gt;this question and answer&lt;/a&gt;.  In the 2018 Shenzhen Open, there were 32 women that competed in the main draw of the singles tournament.  Those 32 women were chosen in a number of ways: Some slots in the main draw are reserved for the tournament by their WTA ranking.  Some slots are for Wild Cards; the tournament organizers can put anyone they want in those slots.  And the remaining slots are for the winners of the qualifying tournament.  In this tournament, there were 16 women competing in the qualifying tournament for 4 slots.  You can see this in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/1063/QS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Shenzhen Open Qualifying Draw bracket&lt;/a&gt;.  After two rounds, there are four players left that then qualify for the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/1063/MDS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018 Shenzhen Open Main Draw bracket&lt;/a&gt; (Those who qualified by winning in the qualifying draw are denoted with a &amp;quot;Q.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, how do you know that only 4 can qualify? It is not written in the 2018 WTA calendar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That information is not available in the &amp;quot;32S/16Q&amp;quot; shorthand notation.  It varies with each tournament.  For example, the 2018 Sydney International tournament (30S/32Q) had 32 competing in the qualifying tournament, but only for 4 slots, so the competitors had to win three matches in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/702/QS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;qualifying tournament&lt;/a&gt; in order to get into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/702/MDS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;main draw&lt;/a&gt;.  However, in the 2018  Hobart International (32S/24Q), there were 6 slots reserved for qualifiers, so the 24 competitors in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/1050/QS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;qualifying tournament&lt;/a&gt; only needed two wins in order to make it to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2018/1050/MDS.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;main draw&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2020-08-17T22:04:25.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22827" CreationDate="2020-08-18T00:17:05.983" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Edwin Jackson got 2 hits in one inning with one being a home run in 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ref. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/27218318/strasburg-gets-2-hits-one-inning-including-hr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/27218318/strasburg-gets-2-hits-one-inning-including-hr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13514" LastEditorUserId="13514" LastEditDate="2020-08-18T02:11:27.617" LastActivityDate="2020-08-18T02:11:27.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1479" CreationDate="2020-08-18T07:37:10.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To expand on the existing answer (as there appear to be more reference articles available on the internet since the original question was asked e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nj.com/giants/2017/08/what_does_it_mean_when_an_nfl_player_is_waivedinju_1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The waived/injured designation is only available to be used on players who are not &lt;em&gt;vested veterans&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. they have less than four accrued years). These players are not being really being cut/released as they will be subject to &lt;em&gt;waivers&lt;/em&gt; (a process where other teams, in a set order, have the opportunity to claim the player at his existing contract value) and if they are not claimed they will be placed on the teams injured reserve list (IR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to roster cut downs (shortly before the season starts each year) this is the only way for an injured player with three or less accrued years to be placed on a teams IR; they cannot simply move him there, other teams have to have the chance to claim him. After cut down a team may still use the waived/injured designation (presumably if they are hoping another team will claim him and save them any salary they are still liable for) or place him directly on IR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the player is on IR then (from source above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a player is waived/injured, the player and the team have five&#xA;days to agree to an injury settlement. An injury settlement is&#xA;designed for a team to pay the player for the time he is expected to&#xA;miss with the injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a settlement is reached, the player becomes a free agent and can&#xA;sign with another team immediately. If a settlement is not reached,&#xA;the player goes on the team's injured reserve. A player on IR can't be&#xA;waived until he passes a physical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17853" LastActivityDate="2020-08-18T07:37:10.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25085" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-19T06:50:18.763" Score="3" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, or generally in ice hockey and similar sports, there is a statistic of GWG - game winning goals. A goal is a GWG if it is enough for a team to score only until this goal with no more goals in the game and still win the match. For example, if team A wins a match 5:2, their third goal was the GWG. It does not need to be the last goal scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I want to ask, what happens if the GWG is an own goal? I know that in the NHL, the concept of own goals does not exist. But maybe in other sports like field hockey or floorball, even football, or in other ice-hockey leagues etc, what would happen then? Is it meaningful to talk about a statistics of GLG - game losing goals? It would be an own goal which is enough for the opposing team to win a match with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-08-19T07:09:44.470" LastActivityDate="2020-08-19T07:38:13.447" Title="Game losing goal" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25085" CreationDate="2020-08-19T07:38:13.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Own goals, as a statistic, are rare enough in football that they are not regularly tracked by all competitions, if at all (some do, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/stats/top/players/own_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the English Premier League&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/15883/&quot;&gt;not even possible in field hockey&lt;/a&gt;, as the rules require an attacker to play the ball inside the circle for a goal to be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given their rarity on an absolute scale, and the number of matches in which they would matter to the result, tracking a game-losing own goal (&amp;quot;GLOG&amp;quot;) statistic does not make much sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a player analysis perspective, it doesn't make sense to worry about whether an own goal was the GLOG, since the player scoring enough OGs to have significant GLOGs is not a good enough player to be at the level where such tracking would occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-08-19T07:38:13.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25037" CreationDate="2020-08-20T04:39:22.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scraping off &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hockey Reference&lt;/a&gt;, I found 61 instances where a team didn't score a Power Play Goal (PPG) since 1934. Hockey Reference only shows PPGs starting 1934, hence why the data starts from then. Also, I've only looked at series, where the winning team won 3 or more games to satisfy the best-of-5 or higher criteria of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the end of the 2020-2021 season, there have been 16 teams winning such playoff series (26.23% of all such occurrences), 3 of which happened this season! Half of the series were best-of-7, other half were best-of-5. Here are the series:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1934-chicago-black-hawks-vs-detroit-red-wings-stanley-cup-final.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 NHL Stanley Cup Final&lt;/a&gt;: Chicago Black Hawks defeat Detroit Red&#xA;Wings 3-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1937-detroit-red-wings-vs-montreal-canadiens-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1937 NHL Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Detroit&#xA;Red Wings defeat Montreal Canadiens 3-2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1938-boston-bruins-vs-toronto-maple-leafs-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938 NHL Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Toronto Maple Leafs&#xA;defeat Boston Bruins 3-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1942-new-york-rangers-vs-toronto-maple-leafs-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1942 NHL Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Toronto Maple Leafs defeat New York&#xA;Rangers 4-2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1972-chicago-black-hawks-vs-pittsburgh-penguins-quarter-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1972 NHL Quarter-Finals&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;Chicago Black Hawks defeat Pittsburgh Penguins 4-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1980-new-york-rangers-vs-philadelphia-flyers-quarter-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980 NHL Quarter-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Philadelphia&#xA;Flyers defeat New York Rangers 4-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1984-edmonton-oilers-vs-winnipeg-jets-smythe-division-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984 NHL Smythe Division Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Edmonton Oilers defeat&#xA;Winnipeg Jets 3-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1984-new-york-islanders-vs-new-york-rangers-patrick-division-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984 NHL Patrick Division Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;New York Islanders defeat New York Rangers 3-2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1985-edmonton-oilers-vs-los-angeles-kings-smythe-division-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985 NHL Smythe Division Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Edmonton Oilers&#xA;defeat Los Angeles Kings 3-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1988-boston-bruins-vs-montreal-canadiens-adams-division-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988 NHL Adams Division Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Bruins defeat&#xA;Montreal Canadiens 4-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2003-detroit-red-wings-vs-mighty-ducks-of-anaheim-western-conference-quarter-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003 NHL Western Conference Quarter-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Mighty Ducks of&#xA;Anaheim defeat Detroit Red Wings 4-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2011-boston-bruins-vs-montreal-canadiens-eastern-conference-quarter-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011 NHL Eastern Conference Quarter-Finals&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;Boston Bruins defeat Montreal Canadiens 4-3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2013-boston-bruins-vs-pittsburgh-penguins-eastern-conference-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 NHL Eastern Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston&#xA;Bruins defeat Pittsburgh Penguins 4-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2020-columbus-blue-jackets-vs-tampa-bay-lightning-eastern-first-round.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 NHL Eastern First Round&lt;/a&gt;: Tampa Bay&#xA;Lightning defeat Columbus Blue Jackets 4-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2020-columbus-blue-jackets-vs-toronto-maple-leafs-qualifying-round.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 NHL Qualifying Round&lt;/a&gt;: Columbus Blue Jackets defeat Toronto Maple Leafs 3-2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2020-montreal-canadiens-vs-pittsburgh-penguins-qualifying-round.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 NHL Qualifying Round&lt;/a&gt;: Montreal Canadiens defeat&#xA;Pittsburgh Penguins 3-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bonus&lt;/em&gt;: There have been 5 series where neither team scored a PPG:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1934-chicago-black-hawks-vs-detroit-red-wings-stanley-cup-final.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 NHL Stanley Cup Final&lt;/a&gt;: Chicago Black Hawks defeat Detroit Red&#xA;Wings 3-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1937-detroit-red-wings-vs-montreal-canadiens-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1937 NHL Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Detroit&#xA;Red Wings defeat Montreal Canadiens 3-2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1938-boston-bruins-vs-toronto-maple-leafs-semi-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938 NHL Semi-Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Toronto Maple Leafs&#xA;defeat Boston Bruins 3-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/1988-boston-bruins-vs-montreal-canadiens-adams-division-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1988 NHL Adams Division Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston Bruins defeat&#xA;Montreal Canadiens 4-1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/2013-boston-bruins-vs-pittsburgh-penguins-eastern-conference-finals.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 NHL Eastern Conference Finals&lt;/a&gt;: Boston&#xA;Bruins defeat Pittsburgh Penguins 4-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-13T17:53:00.970" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T17:53:00.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25091" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mark questions with this tag if they're about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AFC&lt;/a&gt; (Asian Football Confederation) and about competitions played under its governance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The questions must also be tagged with the &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/football&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;football&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;football&lt;/a&gt; tag&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25092" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" Score="0" Body="Questions relating to AFC (Asian Football Confederation) - the association football governing body for Asia." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:55:10.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25093" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about geographical/regional influences in a sport/tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions using this tag must also be tagged with appropriate sport(s)/tournament(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25094" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" Score="0" Body="Questions about geographical/regional influences in a sport/tournament." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:57:21.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7151" CreationDate="2020-08-21T20:07:46.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Until the 2020 season it was impossible for an NFL team to go 20-0. But &lt;strong&gt;as of 2020 it is possible&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because starting with the 2020-21 season the playoffs have been &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/news/owners-approve-expanding-postseason-to-14-teams-0ap3000001107961&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;exapnded&lt;/a&gt; by 2 teams to 14 teams, and so as a result  the second seed in each conference doesn't get a bye week during the wild card weekend anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL schedule hasn't changed, and teams will still play 16 weeks (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/nfl-will-soon-be-moving-to-a-17-game-regular-season-schedule-and-heres-how-the-league-should-make-it-work/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for now&lt;/a&gt;) as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 1&lt;/em&gt;: 6 games against divisional rivals: 3 at home, 3 away&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 2&lt;/em&gt;: 4 games against teams on another division in the same conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 3&lt;/em&gt;: 4 games against teams on another division in the other conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 4&lt;/em&gt;: 2 games against the other two teams in the same conference that finished on the same spot within their respective division (that is all teams that finished 3rd in their divisions in NFC last season not covered by case 2 will plays each other this season)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This allows for 2 teams per conference to go undefeated during the regular season. We'll see how next.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without loss of generality, let's label the 4 divisions in each conference A, B, C, and D. It's possible for the 4 cases above to happen as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 1&lt;/em&gt;: Each team plays divisional rivals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 2&lt;/em&gt;: Teams in division A play against team in division B in the same conference. Same for divisions C &amp;amp; D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 3&lt;/em&gt;: Teams in division A play against teams in division B in the other conference. Same for division C &amp;amp; D&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far we can see that top teams in divisions A &amp;amp; C haven't played each other and can both be undefeated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Case 4&lt;/em&gt;: Top Seeds in divisions A &amp;amp; C beat 2 other teams that have already been defeated&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence top seeds of divisions A &amp;amp; C in BOTH conferences now have 16-0 record. So far nothing has changed since before the 2020 season. Image below visualizes the above schedule with cases 2 and 3 marked on it. Divisions A &amp;amp; C are displayed in red as they have undefeated champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zthDN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zthDN.png&quot; alt=&quot;Schedule visualized&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's denote winners of division A and C as A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; respectively, and assume A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; owns the tie break over C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;. So on the wild card weekend, C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; plays the bottom wild card while A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; has a bye. Note that C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; didn't have to play a game on wild card weekend before the 2020 season. With a win, C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; earns an extra win compared to A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; win their next games, and meet in the conference finals. A&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; has a record of 17-0 and C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; 18-0. Consider the case both C&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; teams win their conferences. Now two 19-0 teams face off in the Super Bowl, leaving a 20-0 team as the Super Bowl champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-11T19:13:22.687" LastActivityDate="2021-03-11T19:13:22.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25036" CreationDate="2020-08-22T07:23:14.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking through old box scores, it happens fairly frequently - more than would be appropriate to list here.  In 1982, for example, it happened twice in one series - LA Kings vs Edmonton Oilers, the Kings came back &lt;em&gt;twice&lt;/em&gt; from down three, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/198204100LAK.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt; where they were down an incredible &lt;em&gt;5&lt;/em&gt; goals (down 5-0 after 1, won 6-5 in OT).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can view my code to scrape hockey-reference.com for this &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/snoopy369/Sports.SE/blob/master/HockRef%20Parse%20Comebacks.py&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on github&lt;/a&gt;, to see a complete list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking a sampling (1980-1999):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1980: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1981: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1982: 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1983: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1984: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1985: 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1986: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1987: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1988: 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1989: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1990: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1991: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992: 1 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/199205260PIT.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ugh&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1993: 3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1994: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1995: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1997: 2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998: 1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1999: 0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that same subset, it looks like about 40% of games at some point have a 3 goal lead by one team (This would, please note, include situations like an EN goal to ice the game), and about 5% of games where one team has a 3 goal lead include a comeback from down 3 or more by the winning team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T07:54:40.757" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T07:54:40.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-22T15:49:08.350" Score="2" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2019-20 NBA season was restarted in a bubble in Orlando in July after it was shutdown due to COVID-19 in March. After the teams invited back played a few games, the playoffs started with the usual best-of-7 series. However, since all games are played at the bubble, there's no traveling and so no home court advantage for the higher seed teams either. But teams are still marked as the home and away teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside from higher seed teams playing teams with worse records, are there any advantage for the higher seeds playing in neutral site in the bubble? In regular situations, the home team is guaranteed to play at least as many games or 1 more game at home as the lower seed. With the fans rallying for the home teams, and players being more familiar with their surroundings at home court, the home teams &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1520496-how-important-is-home-court-advantage-in-the-nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;do better&lt;/a&gt; as they average slightly less turnovers, more points, less fouls, and sometimes even get more favorable calls from the referees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL is also having bubble playoffs happening in Toronto and Edmonton at the same time as the NBA. These hockey games are too played with no fans on neutral ice. However, hockey has built in advantage for the home team where they get the last change. That is during stoppages when both teams can substitute players, the home team gets to substitute after the visiting team. So the home team has an advantage as they get to change players based on the away team's personnel on ice. Hence these neutral ice NHL games preserve some advantage for the higher seeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So has the NBA introduced any added advantage for the home teams in the bubble playoffs? Or does NBA basketball already have built in advantage for the home team like we see in hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Personally I think an extra 8th timeout for the home teams would've been a touch of interesting marginal advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-24T19:33:53.813" LastActivityDate="2020-08-24T19:33:53.813" Title="Has the NBA introduced any advantage for the home teams playing in the bubble playoffs?" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|covid-19|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25097" CreationDate="2020-08-22T16:15:26.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, not &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt;. They are making some attempt to replicate bits of the home court experience as far as audio/visual cues go; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2905080-the-truth-about-nba-home-court-advantage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; team also gets its own signage, pregame hype videos, warm-up music and in-game sound effects, to simulate the feel of its own arena. The public address announcer even skews his enthusiasm toward the designated home team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, that doesn't seem to make much of a difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;There's no difference between a home and a road game,&amp;quot; Rockets star James Harden says of the bubble. &amp;quot;The atmosphere is what it is.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is technically one &lt;em&gt;road&lt;/em&gt; team advantage that may have persisted: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbcsports.com/northwest/portland-trail-blazers/which-basket-are-blazers-shooting-well-depends&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the right to choose which direction the team shoots first&lt;/a&gt;.  It's unclear if that offers any advantage, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T16:15:26.357" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25099" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-23T22:51:45.360" Score="0" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA has the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Tucker_Rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trent Tucker Rule&lt;/a&gt;, which states that if there is less than 0.3 seconds on the shot clock or game clock with a team inbounding the ball, then any player on that team cannot attempt to score by catching and shooting. Instead, they must attempt to score on a tip play. The NCAA has a similar rule, except that it is 0.4 seconds instead of 0.3 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been at least one game-winning tip play off an inbounds pass with less than 0.3 seconds left in a regular season NBA game. That occurred on December 21, 2006 when the Knicks beat the Bobcats on a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q99sL_g3jvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;David Lee tip-in&lt;/a&gt; off an inbounds pass with 0.1 seconds left in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a NBA playoff game with a game-winning tip off an inbounds pass (or a jump ball) with less than 0.3 seconds left? Or an NCAA Tournament game with a game-winning tip off an inbounds pass with less than 0.4 seconds left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-08-24T02:03:36.087" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T02:03:47.203" Title="Has there ever been a game-winning tip play off an inbounds pass in an NBA playoff game or NCAA Tournament game?" Tags="|basketball|history|nba|collegiate|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24948" CreationDate="2020-08-26T23:20:57.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No, it is not a free ball.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one extreme edge of a ball is only obscured by another ball that is also on, no free ball is awarded. All reds are on in the given scenario, so one red can obscure another, it doesn't cause a free ball. Barry Stark, a senior Snooker coach, explains in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhJp7HzIBtI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a screenshot from the relevant part of the video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nTgSW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nTgSW.png&quot; alt=&quot;free ball&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13631" LastActivityDate="2020-08-26T23:20:57.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24919" CreationDate="2020-08-27T08:49:09.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The supervisor of an ATP Tournament can do that. Here is an excerpt of the rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;Section: V. Personnel / 5.06 Supervisor / D. Responsibilities&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all ATP Tour and ATP Challenger Tour tournaments the Supervisor shall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Direct, supervise, instruct and evaluate the Referee, Chief of Umpires and all oncourt officials, including the authority to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) Remove a Chair Umpire and/or remove, rotate or replace any Line Umpire or&#xA;net judge when necessary to improve the officiating of a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the chair umpire has the right to remove a line umpire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;Section: V. Personnel / 5.07 Chair Umpire / Review Official / D. Responsibilities&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all ATP Tour and ATP Challenger Tour tournaments the Supervisor shall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;15) Remove, rotate or replace any Line Umpire or net judge whenever, in the opinion of the Chair Umpire, it will improve the officiating of a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is an extremely rare case. I have never witnessed it and I watch a lot of tennis. Maybe it can happen more 'frequently' at the lower levels of professional competition (ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Tour). Then again at these lower levels, there are often only 2 (if at all) line umpires on court. Removing one of them may make things even worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second round match between McEnroe and Nastase at the 1979 US Open it seems that the chair umpire was replaced. Read point 2 at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/usopen15/story/_/id/13511811/us-open-ten-quirky-controversial-moments&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this story&lt;/a&gt;. See a short documentary on this encounter &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXkWoMZwBfE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rulebook can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.atptour.com/en/corporate/rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastEditorUserId="9793" LastEditDate="2020-08-28T14:29:00.163" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T14:29:00.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-27T15:34:53.207" Score="0" ViewCount="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;Common/customary materials for ice hockey sticks seem to include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wood&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fiberglass&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aluminum&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carbon Fiber&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kevlar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While a lot of sites seem to kind of place sticks in two general categories, wood and composite, a lot of them kind of tend to stop there and just say that composite is better than wood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, between these sorts of materials, how free-form can you customarily be in making a standard hockey stick, in terms of both the number and the types of materials chosen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, can you pick any one of these materials and use it as the sole material for a standard stick?  (Maybe the kevlar is a bad choice for that, but I'm not sure.)  Are there any materials on this list that don't play nice with each other?  Is it easy to pick any number (1-5) of the materials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is asking specifically about standard-ish, customary sticks, not anything too far off the beaten path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4857" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T15:34:53.207" Title="Out of the list of common materials, are composite ice hockey sticks customarily able to mix and match materials as desired?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-27T17:35:51.003" Score="1" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;How windy does it have to be to cancel a cricket game? What sort of wind speeds would make it impractical to play in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20215" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T17:35:51.003" Title="How windy does it have to be to cancel a cricket game?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-08-28T04:12:39.163" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25105" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25106" CreationDate="2020-08-28T01:32:41.757" Score="3" ViewCount="12576" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally the pitcher who allows a runner to reach base is charged with the run if the runner eventually reaches home, even if the pitcher is replaced before the runner scores. If the run is an earned run, that pitcher's ERA is affected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that MLB is placing a runner on second base at the start of each team's at bat in extra innings. (This was already being done in the minor leagues for a few seasons prior to MLB adopting the practice.) That runner is either the last batter of the previous inning or a substitute for that batter. Either way, the pitcher did not allow the runner to reach base. Thus the question: How does it affect a pitcher's ERA if the automatic runner scores?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2023-08-09T02:12:49.093" LastActivityDate="2023-08-09T02:12:49.093" Title="How does the runner placed at second base in extra innings affect Earned Run Average?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|milb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25105" CreationDate="2020-08-28T02:19:06.073" Score="6" Body="&lt;h1&gt;It doesn't. The scored run is considered unearned.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-announces-new-features-for-2020-season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A news article on MLB's own website&lt;/a&gt; describes the effect on scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For purposes of calculating earned runs, the runner who begins an inning on second base pursuant to this rule shall be deemed to be a runner who has reached second base because of a fielding error, but no error shall be charged to the opposing team or to any player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-rule-changes-for-2020&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;another of their articles&lt;/a&gt; (describing all rule changes for 2020) says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that runner scores, the pitcher won't be charged with an earned run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/07/23/heres-how-mlb-teams-should-handle-runner-second-base-extra-innings/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A Washington Post article&lt;/a&gt;, likely summarising previous analysis, has the same statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pinch runners are allowed, and pitchers will not be charged with an earned run if the designated runner scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-28T02:28:11.720" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T02:28:11.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-28T12:01:51.200" Score="2" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please refer to the image below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LpA5O.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I forgot to put back the black part on the picture after cleaning some internal parts. After pulling the trigger, the slide goes over the back and stays there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I disassemble the slide in this position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20216" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-29T00:13:01.513" LastActivityDate="2020-08-29T00:13:01.513" Title="WE Glock 35 TMSS stuck slide" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3129" CreationDate="2020-08-30T04:53:32.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a system, the triangle is basically just four sets repeated according to the position of players and the ball on the floor. Whenever one ends without a good shot, if a team is well trained they will pick up into the next one seamlessly. It's similar to some old-school Dean Smith styled systems that way, but rather instead of trying to create a 1 on 1 mismatch, it creates a situation where you move the ball until you're either got an easy 3 on 3 or better, allowing for more fluidity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you've followed this, you will immediately pick up on the fact that the GSW Motion offense is a modified triangle, as players (Kobe, Pippen, etc), coaches (Luke Walton, Phil Jackson), and analysts have pointed out from the 2014 pre-season. It has the four base movements of the triangle offense as defined by Tex Winter, but adding the Spurs / Popovitch's Motion Weak as a fifth one and pushing the tempo (something both a lot of historic Warriors staff are for, and Alvin Gentry helped codify). This is not surprising since Steve Kerr played under Phil Jackson and Popovich, and was an executive that worked with Gentry. Every coach cribs off the stuff he learned from his coaches (even Tex Winter did from his coach, Sam Barry) and develops it further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks different because the players are different. But people forget that the first threepeat Bulls played a different flavor of triangle (a lot closer to the 2015 Warriors with all their running people off the floor than people remember) than that of the Kobe / Shaq Lakers. The first move of the triangle starts with the ball in the low post, back to the basket, two players cut hard, and so on. With MJ and Kobe, that ended up with them hitting that gorgeous fade away over and over. With Steph Curry and Draymond Green, it ends with a pass to an open three or a lob. This shows that even with different sets of talent, the move remains a way to get the players to use their strengths in a structured way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, while the classic triangle may be outdated, it's still a championship winning machine, and a system that allows a huge talent to have influence even without the ball (aka Gravity, aka the &amp;quot;for the love of all that is holy, don't let MJ/Kobe/Curry murder us&amp;quot; effect). That being said, basically every team ripped off the pinch post play (the second of the four triangle sets; the one with the hand-off / screen in the high post), so nearly every system in the NBA has at least some triangle elements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20221" LastActivityDate="2020-08-30T04:53:32.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25112" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-30T21:43:43.460" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;2-pointer and-one obviously gets a foul on an opposing player but you are not guaranteed to make the free throw, while a 3-pointer is guaranteed 3 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which would be more advantageous to a team, specifically in a NBA game where the free throw conversion rate is around 75%?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like a bucket and-one is better just by observing player celebration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-08-31T04:48:23.210" LastActivityDate="2020-09-01T20:33:36.707" Title="What is usually better in basketball, a 2-pointer and-1 opportunity or a made 3-pointer?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25112" CreationDate="2020-08-31T17:29:22.947" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taking out of the equation, the likeliness that either field goal will be scored, &lt;strong&gt;the 3-point shot is more advantageous&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sports, you always prefer to keep what is given.  The 3-point shot leaves no points up to chance.  With the and-1, you are further gambling to gain the extra point.  An average of 75% odds that the extra point will be scored is not a desirable outcome compared to 100% with the 3-point shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other considerations with this analysis though.  In general, the 3-point shot is a lower-probability shot compared to most 2-point shots.  And as mentioned above, it may instead be desirable to draw the foul, depending on team-foul situation and whether the defender has a high number of fouls already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting these considerations aside, it is always preferred to get points without leaving it up to chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T17:29:22.947" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25112" CreationDate="2020-09-01T20:33:36.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's not a perfect answer to this, particularly given NBA advanced stats are a little rougher than some other sports (MLB, NFL), but we are comparing these two possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three pointer made: 3 points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 pointer made, and-one opportunity: 2 points, and one FTA, and one personal foul&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fouls in the NBA's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/about/per.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PER (Player Efficiency Rating)&lt;/a&gt; are rated as such:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-PF * ((lg_FT / lg_PF) - 0.44 * (lg_FTA / lg_PF) * VOP)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;VOP is &amp;quot;value of possession&amp;quot;, roughly how much a team is estimated to score on a possession - around a point, give or take, depending on the year.  This means they consider a foul to be worth negative 1 points times (free throws made / total personal fouls), which is the made-free-throw rate, and then add back in basically the percentage of free throws that end the possession for the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is pretty basic, and not unfortunately very useful for this - because we have more information than this formula does.  But it gives us two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Personal fouls aren't considered to have any specific value in NBA advanced statistics - meaning, there's no &amp;quot;penalty&amp;quot; for committing a foul other than the points you on average give up.  You can argue there probably should be one, but given they don't have a penalty for it in PER, it's not something we can reasonably determine.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The value for the &amp;quot;and one&amp;quot; should be (2) + (FT%) + (1-FT%)&lt;em&gt;(OREB%)&lt;/em&gt;(VOP)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given OP asked us to assume FT% is 0.75 (close enough), and OREB% is around 22% for the league this year, and VOP is around 1.06 this year for the average team, we can calculate the value of an and-one to be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2 + 0.75 + (.25*1.06*.22) = 2.81&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So an 'and-one' is worth a bit less than a made 3 pointer, analytically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there's no question that an and-one that gets a sixth foul on Anthony Davis is worth a lot more than the 2.81 points here; but as far as I can tell, there's no rigorous method for determining that value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-01T20:33:36.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12443" CreationDate="2020-09-04T14:01:42.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After five years without a definitive answer, I'm going to go out on a not very big limb here and say that there isn't another major sport which has the same &amp;quot;draw&amp;quot; type characteristics as (first class) cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-04T14:01:42.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18401" CreationDate="2020-09-05T12:26:03.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand this interpretation and I quite agree that it's an offside considering the fact that the last Chelsea defender in the picture substitute for the goalkeeper on the goal line and there by should not be used to judge the offside line because usually, the goalkeeper is in most cases in his goalpost when offsides are called. So the offside line is judged by the second defender who is also behind the keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20235" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-05T13:10:06.557" LastActivityDate="2020-09-05T13:10:06.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25123" CreationDate="2020-09-05T16:24:40.363" Score="2" ViewCount="731" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it illegal to throw in a ball with the lower body  turned in one direction ( i e below waist)and the upper body in another? That is if I twist myself and try to throw in a ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20236" LastEditorUserId="20236" LastEditDate="2020-09-05T16:59:10.403" LastActivityDate="2020-09-05T16:59:10.403" Title="Can you throw in the ball in soccer while twisted?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25122" CreationDate="2020-09-05T16:53:14.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a legal move as long as you face the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://theifab.com/laws/chapter/35/section/115/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 15&lt;/a&gt; doesn't prohibit it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stand facing the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;have part of each foot on the touchline or on the ground outside the&#xA;touchline&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;throw the ball with both hands from behind and over the head from the&#xA;point where it left the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-09-05T16:53:14.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25124" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-05T21:32:34.830" Score="3" ViewCount="578" Body="&lt;p&gt;When players arrive on court, they'll put down their bags and towels on seats to the umpire's left and right. Is there a rule that determines who sits where, or is it simply that the first player walking on picks a seat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20237" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-07T11:11:51.877" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T11:11:51.877" Title="What determines who sits to the umpire's left or right?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25067" CreationDate="2020-09-07T00:00:33.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As per official records that is only time he has crossed the 100 mile per hour mark (which is 161kmph), Brett Lee and Shaun Tait being the only other cricketers to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In local or other tournaments weren’t recorded with that detail while Aktar was playing. I don’t know with certainty that this is the only time he ever reached that mark in his career. On the other hand this is the only time he crossed it in international stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-02-04T20:20:18.190" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T20:20:18.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25129" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25135" CreationDate="2020-09-07T02:02:33.897" Score="1" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;Novak Djokovic, the top seed of US Open 2020 (and world #1 as of the start of the tournament) was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/29825955/novak-djokovic-us-open-hitting-line-judge-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;defaulted&lt;/a&gt; from his 4th round match against Carreno Busta after hitting a line judge with a ball.&#xA;This reminds me of when in 2009 also at the US open, Serena Williams was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1213164/Furious-Serena-Williams-dumped-U-S-Open-told-official-If-I-Id-ball-shove-throat.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;given a point penalty&lt;/a&gt; when down a match against Kim Clijsters point for verbally abusing a line judge. Serena was the second seed in that tournament, but the top remaining seed at the moment of the incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has a top seed - male or female - in any grand slam ever been defaulted/disqualified from a match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-11T21:24:14.083" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T21:24:14.083" Title="Has a top seed tennis player been disqualified from a grand slam tournament before?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|atp|wta|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25129" CreationDate="2020-09-07T03:36:33.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in reasonably recent history, the answer is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest seed to have been defaulted (as opposed to retired voluntarily) was  John McEnroe (1990 Australian Open, 4th seed).  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/novak-djokovic-defaulted-tennis-players-disqualified-for-on-court-misconduct-over-the-years-20200907-p55t07.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Sydney Morning Herald article&lt;/a&gt; lists the disqualifications since 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Serena Williams (2009 US Open, 2nd seed) also lost a match as a direct result of an official penalty, although she was not actually defaulted but rather lost a point penalty which happened to be the final point in the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 1990, the most recent Grand Slam disqualification &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-mcenroe-disqualified-from-the-australian-open&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was in 1963&lt;/a&gt;, and I don't see anyone significant disqualified prior to that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-10T15:56:26.013" LastActivityDate="2020-09-10T15:56:26.013" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-07T16:21:58.853" Score="-6" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why there is not a third umpire in Hockey or Football sports as it is in Cricket sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20223" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T19:00:50.027" Title="Third umpire in Hockey and Football sports" Tags="|football|cricket|video-review|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25132" CreationDate="2020-09-07T16:43:32.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; video replay in all common forms of both football and hockey:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;association football has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_assistant_referee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video assistant referees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;American football has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay_review_in_gridiron_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;instant replay review&lt;/a&gt;; actually performed by the referee rather than a separate official but has the same effect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field hockey has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpire_(field_hockey)#Video_Umpires&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video umpires&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The NHL has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Ice_hockey&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;instant replay&lt;/a&gt;, either performed by a video goal judge in the arena or by officials at NHL headquarters.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-07T19:00:50.027" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T19:00:50.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25146" CreationDate="2020-09-07T18:53:28.330" Score="2" ViewCount="1557" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before or after a match, there is a pop song that is played repeatedly on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the song, I hear a woman and chorus singing together. What is the name of this song? How do I find out about the different music they use every year at the US Open?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19951" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-13T02:28:50.957" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T19:34:44.027" Title="2020 US Open theme music" Tags="|tennis|media|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25129" CreationDate="2020-09-07T21:41:42.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching ESPN's coverage of the US open today (day after the incident). There was a few minute special coverage by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Rinaldi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tom Rinaldi&lt;/a&gt; on Djokovic's default after the Thiem vs Auger-Aliassime match. During that program with former #4 ranked player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Blake_(tennis)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James Blake&lt;/a&gt;, the host &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_McKendry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chris McKendry&lt;/a&gt; mentioned that this was the first time ever the top seed had been defaulted in a grand slam tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-08T17:49:01.837" LastActivityDate="2020-09-08T17:49:01.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25136" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25144" CreationDate="2020-09-09T08:26:57.437" Score="-1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not very familiar with engines and how they work. I know what &amp;quot;cc&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;hp&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;V6&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;turbo&amp;quot; and the like mean, but I ignore how their correlation can improve (or reduce) the efficiency of an engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surfing the web, I found a page where we can read roughly the specifics of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_SF90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SF90&lt;/a&gt;'s engine (Ferrari's car for the last championship) . Here, the engine is a V6 turbo, 1.6L = (1600 cc) with direct injection with a peak of 15000 rpm. Moreover, it produces a power of at most 1000 hp. Finally, the weight of the car is almost 743 kg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, we take &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_M3#F80_generation_(2014%E2%80%932018)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BMW M3 SF80&lt;/a&gt;. It is powered by the BMW S55 twin-turbocharged straight-six engine, 3 L , and it produces at most 425 hp with a top speed of at least 280 km/h. Moreover, the car is heavier than SF90. It weighs 1621 kg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, my naive questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between the two engines (and cars of course). Why a V6 with 1,6L can produce 1000 hp, while the BMW engine (6 cylinders, 3L) produces the half of Ferrari's power? I know there is a substantial difference in weights (more ore less 900 kg) and I think this is very important, isn't it? However, is it the crucial point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20248" LastEditorUserId="20248" LastEditDate="2020-09-09T14:52:56.223" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T15:54:56.037" Title="Naive questions about the Engine of a Formula1 Car" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25138" CreationDate="2020-09-09T08:43:11.297" Score="0" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0bKkGeROiPA?t=230&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Per a tutorial&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batter &lt;strong&gt;gets a hit&lt;/strong&gt; when he reaches a base without getting out or forcing another runner to get out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a batter &lt;strong&gt;gets a hit&lt;/strong&gt;, how does the scoreboard show that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wwC8w.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wwC8w.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="19995" LastEditDate="2020-09-19T06:18:19.117" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T06:18:19.117" Title="When a batter gets a hit, how does the scoreboard shows that?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25137" CreationDate="2020-09-09T09:09:19.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is &amp;quot;it doesn't&amp;quot;, at least not the scoreboard you're showing there. This doesn't actually matter, because hits don't win games, runs do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_score_(baseball)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt; for a game, you will see that the hits by each player are broken out. Copying from the example on the Wikipedia page and looking at the &amp;quot;h&amp;quot;its column&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Atlanta Braves     ab  r  h rbi   bb so   po  a&#xA;Smith dh            3  1  0   0    1  0    0  0&#xA;Pendleton 3b        5  1  4   2    0  0    1  2&#xA;&amp;lt;more players&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;shows that Smith didn't get a hit in that match, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Pendleton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pendleton&lt;/a&gt; got four hits. Similarly, expanded scoreboards at the games will sometimes show things like &amp;quot;4-5&amp;quot; to indicate that Pendleton had 4 hits in 5 at bats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T09:09:19.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25140" CreationDate="2020-09-09T11:45:50.130" Score="0" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;A guy is explaining some unwritten rules in baseball. At about &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/0bKkGeROiPA?t=464&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7'50″ into the video&lt;/a&gt;, the guy says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a pitcher &lt;strong&gt;gets pulled&lt;/strong&gt; they should stay in the dugout at least until the end of that inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &amp;quot;gets pulled&amp;quot; mean there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-10T06:00:06.073" LastActivityDate="2020-09-10T06:00:06.073" Title="What does &quot;gets pulled&quot; mean in a baseball game?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25139" CreationDate="2020-09-09T11:53:29.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means to remove the pitcher from the game mid-inning, typically because of ineffectiveness. So you normally don't use it for a specialist one hitter pitcher (pre-2020). See also &amp;quot;yank the pitcher&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T11:53:29.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25016" CreationDate="2020-09-09T14:03:45.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you are saying there is NO POP involved right? And its on flatground? Thats really confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If theres pop involved its either FS or BS 180. No Pop? I guess you could call it a revert but you dont really lift either side of your board on reverts so that wouldnt really be what you are describing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20249" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T14:03:45.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25142" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25143" CreationDate="2020-09-09T14:21:34.803" Score="0" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;A guy is explaining some unwritten rules in baseball. At about 8'01″ into the video, it sounds like that the guy says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitchers should never &lt;strong&gt;show up&lt;/strong&gt; their fielders&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &amp;quot;show up&amp;quot; mean there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Video: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/0bKkGeROiPA?start=464&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-10T06:01:21.887" LastActivityDate="2022-06-26T03:26:27.337" Title="What does “show up fielders” mean in a baseball game?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25142" CreationDate="2020-09-09T14:48:31.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To show someone up is &lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/show-up-someone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;defined as&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to do something that embarrasses someone or makes someone seem stupid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, if a fielder makes an error, or doesn't get to a ball they may have been able to get to, it's considered inappropriate for the pitcher to complain about it or otherwise make it clear the fielder screwed up.  The assumption is that the fielder knows they screwed up, and the pitcher should not pile on; instead, they should keep doing their own job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't really any different from any other workplace, to be honest; it's inappropriate to point out others' mistakes in public in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The video, though, seems to imply something else - that pitchers should not &amp;quot;show up&amp;quot; the fielders by making better plays than them?  That's not a real unwritten rule of baseball, and in fact pitchers who make great plays are celebrated (shameless plug for my favorite play all-time, seen in person: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/n_m3qy2O7bA?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;).  What is true is that pitchers shouldn't try to make a play on a high fly ball that another player can easily get to, but that's because they're not particularly skilled at catching fly balls, compared to the fielder who is (and for traffic control purposes - the SS or sometimes the 2B is in charge of pop flys in the middle of the infield, as they can see the whole field and are presumably the best fielder.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-09T14:56:21.697" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T14:56:21.697" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25136" CreationDate="2020-09-09T15:48:38.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between the two engines (and cars of course). Why a V6 with 1,6L can produce 1000 hp, while the BMW engine (6 cylinders, 3L) produces the half of Ferrari's power?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic difference is that Formula One cars have one design purpose: to be as fast as the regulations will allow. Road cars have a lot of other considerations that prevent them from using such advanced, powerful engines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Road car engines are built to last - a well-maintained car can easily rack up a six-figure mileage. F1 engines, however, only have to last for a few races - and back in the day, they used the change the engine after &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; race - so they can crank the power right up. It doesn't matter if the engine will destroy itself after 5,000 miles, because it's not going to do that many miles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Because road car engines are intended for mass production, they need to be as cheap and simple as possible, so they can be churned out by the thousand and then sold at a profit. This isn't a problem in F1, where teams only need about 6-10 engines for an entire season, and money is no object. As a result, F1 engines are able to use all kinds of exotic materials and construction techniques that would be impractically expensive even for the most advanced hypercars. (As a benchmark, the Bugatti Veyron required an 8L W16 engine to match the power of an F1 engine, cost $1.7 million, and &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; sold at a net loss.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By that same token, road car engines are designed to run on the fuels you get at petrol stations, and the oils you get at hardware stores. F1 engines use bespoke fuels and oils, from which they can extract considerably more power.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perhaps the simplest explanation is that the M3 doesn't &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt; 1,000 hp. What it has is sufficient for its purpose. F1 cars, on the other hand, need as much power as possible, otherwise they're not going to be competitive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there is a substantial difference in weights (more or less 900 kg) and I think this is very important, isn't it? However, is it the crucial point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The weight of a car doesn't affect the power output of its engine. You could fill the SF90 with ballast until it weighed the same as the M3, and it would still produce 1,000 hp. However, weight is indeed an important factor in the performance of an F1 car. A lighter car with the same amount of horsepower will accelerate faster down the straights, and be more responsive while cornering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I won't go into too much detail about how F1 cars manage to be so much lighter, but it's essentially for the same reasons listed above: road cars have a lot of requirements (including such trivial things as multiple seats and airbags) that prevent them from being anywhere near as light as a shrink-wrapped, carbon-fibre-clad F1 car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-09-09T15:54:56.037" LastActivityDate="2020-09-09T15:54:56.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25134" CreationDate="2020-09-11T13:38:21.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The song is &amp;quot;Kings and Queens&amp;quot; by Ava Max. It was released in 2020, and is featured before and after matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19951" LastActivityDate="2020-09-11T13:38:21.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25150" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-12T22:56:45.357" Score="0" ViewCount="1140" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a song played in and out of the commercial breaks for the 2020 US Open Women's Final on ESPN. It's sung by a male and the lyrics are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We'll be the last ones standing&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Be a light in the dark&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;We're so long for this journey&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;And we've come so far&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This is our moment&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Waited all our lives...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find this song anywhere, and have been unable to locate it on YouTube, Soundhound, or by Googling the lyrics. I assume it's a fairly new song. Does anyone know who sings this and/or the name of the song?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20266" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T14:35:02.080" LastActivityDate="2022-09-06T01:34:15.763" Title="Song played in and out of commercial breaks for the 2020 US Open Women's Final" Tags="|tennis|media|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24189" CreationDate="2020-09-13T01:48:50.280" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this is old, but one option you have is to use an inflatable punching bag. That way you can blow it up when you need it and deflate it when you are done. They can be purchased on &lt;a href=&quot;https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/B07RHKQ8S7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amazon&lt;/a&gt; relatively cheaply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19615" LastActivityDate="2020-09-13T01:48:50.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25153" CreationDate="2020-09-13T17:47:08.817" Score="1" ViewCount="448" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because of COVID-19, the NFL stands are empty. They are stimulating the crowd with audio. It reminds me of a laugh track on TV, which I find to be very annoying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do they have these fake crowd noises?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7706" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2020-09-17T18:23:23.533" LastActivityDate="2021-01-10T18:33:44.637" Title="Why do they have fake crowd noises in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|covid-19|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25152" CreationDate="2020-09-14T00:35:24.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nfl/news/nfl-broadcasts-2020-fake-crowd-noise-explained-covid/73nq9jby87yi1em47p84enrre&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Sporting News&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fans in the stands at NFL games will be a rarity for at least the first few weeks of the 2020 season, and as other sports leagues have realized in their returns to live action, crowd noise is a massive factor in terms of how a TV audience consumes a game. So yes, of course the NFL is going to get fake crowd noise into your living room even if no fans are at the stadium where your game is being played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, they're putting it there for the same reason as a laugh track: to fill in auditory feedback that you're used to having.  It's not perfect, but they're hoping it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To even more directly answer your question, the use of fake crowd noise is mandated &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/TomPelissero/status/1301653002390994945&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;by the league&lt;/a&gt; in their Game Operation Manual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T00:35:24.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25155" CreationDate="2020-09-14T14:53:37.790" Score="4" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barassi_Line&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barassi Line&lt;/a&gt; is an imaginary line that divides Australia into two parts based on the popularity of Australian Rules Football vs the rugby codes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, Aussie Rules is more popular in Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Western Australia, whereas rugby is more popular in New South Wales, the ACT and Queensland.&#xA;Does this hold true even today, with AFL teams in Sydney, Brisbane and the Gold Coast, and an NRL team in Melbourne?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it true that for most rugby fans in Australia, rugby league would be more popular than rugby union, and that the latter is only really followed during the World Cup and other similar international events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19563" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T15:49:53.490" Title="The Barassi Line and Australian winter sports today" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|fans|australian-rules-football|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25154" CreationDate="2020-09-14T15:49:53.490" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this hold true even today, with AFL teams in Sydney, Brisbane and the Gold Coast, and an NRL team in Melbourne?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the 18 AFL teams, four of them are north of the Barassi Line - Sydney, GWS, Brisbane, and Gold Coast. Let's look at the common metrics of popularity used for sports teams to see how they fare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Crowds&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Average home crowd in 2019&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://afltables.com/afl/crowds/2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Richmond (VIC), 59,987&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Collingwood (VIC), 58,975&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Coast (WA), 53,513&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Essendon (VIC), 47,733&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlton (VIC), 46,730&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adelaide (SA), 44,514&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fremantle (WA), 40,896&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Port Adelaide (SA), 33,950&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Geelong (VIC), 33,405&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hawthorn (VIC), 31,077&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sydney (NSW), 31,070&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Melbourne (VIC), 28,968&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Western Bulldogs (VIC), 26,747&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;St Kilda (VIC), 25,401&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brisbane Lions (QLD), 24,741&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;North Melbourne (VIC), 20,808&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greater Western Sydney (NSW), 12,267&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gold Coast (QLD), 11,417&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All four teams above the Barassi line are in the bottom half of the competition for attendance, including three of the four worst-attended clubs in the league. Even Sydney, one of the most consistently strong teams over the last decade and a half, is significantly behind the league average attendance of 35,122.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably, Gold Coast's highest ever &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; crowd actually occurred in Perth, as part of a scheme where they hosted a &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; game interstate while their actual home ground was being renovated for the 2018 Commonwealth Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Membership&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;AFL-audited membership numbers for 2020. Some clubs self-report much higher membership figures by including things like their email lists, but this list is for paying memberships only.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/afl-club-membership-tally-falls-for-first-time-in-20-years-20200909-p55tsa.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Coast (WA), 100,776&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Richmond (VIC), 100,420&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Collingwood (VIC), 76,862&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hawthorn (VIC), 76,343&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlton (VIC), 67,035&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Essendon (VIC), 66,686&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Geelong (VIC), 60,066&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adelaide (SA), 54,891&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fremantle (WA), 51,577&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;St Kilda (VIC), 48,588&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sydney (NSW), 48,322&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Port Adelaide (SA), 46,820&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Melbourne (VIC), 40,571&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Western Bulldogs (VIC), 38,876&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;North Melbourne (VIC), 38,667&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greater Western Sydney (NSW), 30,841&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brisbane Lions (QLD), 29,277&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gold Coast (QLD), 16,236&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is even worse reading for the clubs north of the Barassi Line. Sydney is in the same spot and still a fair chunk off the league average of 55,159, but the other three clubs occupy the lowest three spots on the leaderboard, and by a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; large margin. And this is despite GWS and Gold Coast both recording club record membership figures this year, in a year that had a slightly more than 6% downturn league-wide (likely due to economic hardship)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;The NRL&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NRL is much less interesting to look at, with only one team south of the Barassi Line, Melbourne Storm. Melbourne does admittedly draw very good crowds (18,230) and membership numbers (22,221) - 4th in the league for each - but both of these figures are lower than the worst Victorian-based team in the AFL, despite 10 AFL teams splitting the attention in Victoria, while Melbourne Storm has the Victorian NRL market all to itself. &lt;a href=&quot;https://afltables.com/rl/crowds/2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://leagueunlimited.com/news/34223-2020-nrl-membership-tracker/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also telling that this there's more clubs in &lt;em&gt;a different country&lt;/em&gt; (New Zealand) than in NT, WA, SA, and Tasmania combined. In the 1990s the Adelaide Rams went defunct after two seasons in the NRL, and the Western Reds (based in Perth) lasted only three. I live in Adelaide, and anecdotally I can tell you that most people here are barely even aware that the NRL &lt;em&gt;exists&lt;/em&gt;, let alone that we ever had a team participating in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;League versus Union&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is it true that for most rugby fans in Australia, rugby league would be more popular than rugby union, and that the latter is only really followed during the World Cup and other similar international events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, but with slightly more of an asterisk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's unequivocally true that League is more popular in Australia as a whole, and you're right that Union typically only receives mainstream coverage during the Rugby World Cup. Unfortunately I'm not quite familiar enough with Union to get the most reliable sources for this, but most of the dodgy sites I'm finding with Google seem to suggest that League has about 3x the participation and viewership of Union in Australia as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you may see minimal differences outside of the eastern seaboard, particularly in Perth where the Western Force participated in the Super 14/Super Rugby competitions for over a decade during a period where there was no local presence in any League competitions of note.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Sources&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;a href=&quot;https://afltables.com/afl/crowds/2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AFL Tables - Crowds 2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[2] &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/afl-club-membership-tally-falls-for-first-time-in-20-years-20200909-p55tsa.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Age - AFL club membership tally falls for first time in 20 years&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[3] &lt;a href=&quot;https://afltables.com/rl/crowds/2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RL Tables - Attendances 2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[4] &lt;a href=&quot;https://leagueunlimited.com/news/34223-2020-nrl-membership-tracker/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;League Unlimited - 2020 NRL Membership Tracker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T15:49:53.490" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25156" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-14T18:45:23.210" Score="0" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;New South Wales has produced a lot of top-level cricketers. However, not all of them have gone on to represent NSW at a first-class/List A level. Many have switched loyalties, such as Sir Don Bradman (SA), Phil Hughes (SA), Adam Gilchrist (WA), Adam Zampa (SA) and Usman Khawaja (QLD). Others, such as Nathan Lyon, may have started their careers elsewhere (Lyon himself started at SA, although he is at NSW now).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a function of population (NSW is the most populous state in Australia), or is there something deeper? Or am I wrong about this &amp;quot;phenomenon&amp;quot; (that NSW has produced a lot of cricketers of whom many have gone on to play elsewhere) in the first place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19563" LastEditorUserId="19563" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T18:49:15.273" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T12:21:02.370" Title="New South Wales and cricketing talent" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25099" CreationDate="2020-09-15T02:03:47.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1986 the league was not yet using tenths of a second, but I believe Ralph Sampson's shot at the end of regulation certainly fits the spirit of the question.  Inbounded with one second showing, Sampson makes a behind the head tip from twelve feet out to win the Western Conference Championship series.  The pertinent part of the video linked below begins at 9:24.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/v1ff4LD9VkE?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20273" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T02:03:47.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25062" CreationDate="2020-09-15T02:17:59.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The defensive player is committing a foul in the situation described. I am drawing here from the NBA rules, but high school and NCAA are essentially the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section I—Types&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player shall not hold, push, charge into, impede the progress of an&#xA;opponent by extending a hand, arm, leg or knee or by bending the body&#xA;into a position that is not normal.  Contact that results in the&#xA;re-routing of an opponent is a foul which must be called immediately.&#xA;Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the&#xA;ball is not legal.  This contact includes, but is not limited to,&#xA;forearm, hands, or body check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTIONS: A defender may apply&#xA;contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball who has&#xA;his back to the basket below the free throw line extended outside the&#xA;Lower Defensive Box. A defender may apply contact with a forearm&#xA;and/or one hand with a bent elbow to an offensive player in a post-up&#xA;position with the ball in the Lower Defensive Box. Incidental contact&#xA;with the hand against an offensive player shall be ignored if it does&#xA;not affect the player’s speed, quickness, balance and/or rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this description, hugging is certainly a position which is not normal.  This is confirmed by the listed exceptions; i.e. those times when a defender's arm is allowed to make contact with an offensive player.  &amp;quot;Hugging&amp;quot; is not listed as an exception. The rule clearly establishes the offensive player's freedom of movement as defining the foul.  &amp;quot;Hugging&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;enveloping&amp;quot; is, therefore, clearly a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20273" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-15T03:14:48.550" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T03:14:48.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25156" CreationDate="2020-09-15T12:21:02.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At a simple level, this is a numbers game. Australia has a population of approximately 25 million, and 6 state sides. Very, &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; roughly this means that if you are in the top (66 / 25,000,000) = 0.0003% of the population you are good enough to play state level cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;New South Wales has a population of approximately 8 million. If we assume that cricketing talent is equally distributed throughout the country, this means that it will have around (8,000,000 * 0.0003%) = 21 &amp;quot;state level&amp;quot; cricketers. These can't all play for NSW, so half of them will have to play elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a dramatic oversimplification for all sorts of reasons, but the same principles will apply even if you take a more accurate model: the ratio of people : available places is higher in NSW than the average for the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T12:21:02.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25160" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25161" CreationDate="2020-09-15T12:34:32.763" Score="0" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is PNC Park in Pittsburgh&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gUNM2.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gUNM2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the wall/fence pointed out by red arrow is 21 feet&#xA;high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the wall pointed out by blue arrow? I'm not even sure whether there is a wall there pointed out by yellow arrow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T18:21:51.020" Title="the wall/fence on the right of PNC Park in Pittsburgh" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25160" CreationDate="2020-09-15T18:15:04.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is not a significant wall there, as is generally the case in (purpose-built) MLB parks.  Instead, you have seating; there is railing to demarcate where fans can be as opposed to the playing field, but not a wall.  It is traditional in baseball parks to allow fans to sit at field level and see the game; injuries to fans from batted balls (or thrown bats) has led to some netting being in place at most parks, usually at least extending to the dugouts now, but nothing further to interfere from seeing the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/MLBcathedrals/status/1006261002655105024/photo/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this image&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E1kii.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E1kii.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  (see link to MLBCathedrals twitter for full res), you can see the railing from behind.  The blueish colored railing is still railing - just wtih some padding on it; and from other pictures including that on Wikipedia you can clearly see people with their arms resting on it, so it's around 4 feet high there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dugout area (yellow arrow) will typically be around the same height (around a person's height), so that it's not disturbing the view of the seats in row 5 or 6 (whatever row it goes back to).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-15T18:21:51.020" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T18:21:51.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-16T12:46:42.077" Score="0" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played this game for 40 years, however, yesterday I experienced a &amp;quot;first.&amp;quot;  Runner is at third, two out ...batter hits but is super slow running.  The play for the out develops terribly slowly and the runner at third crosses home.  Much later, the throw gets to first, forcing the third out.  Does the run count.  I thought not, but in the confusion - I'm second guessing...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20278" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T12:46:42.077" Title="runs scoring prior to a forced 3rd out being made" Tags="|softball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-09-16T19:27:59.780" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-16T21:11:21.797" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Victoria Azaranka beat Serena Williams 2-1 on September 10th, 2020 at the US Open semis. She went on to beat Venus Williams 2-0 on September 16th, 2020 at the Italian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The timing worked nicely for Azaranka to beat the Williams sisters within a week in 2 tournaments as she beat Serena in the second last match of the women's singles of US Open, and faced Venus on the first round of the next WTA tournament, the Italian Open. Otherwise this feat might have been easier done in just one tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the dominant run the Williams sisters have had in the past 20+ years, I wonder had thy been beat in a week by the same player ever before in single's tournaments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-11-14T14:51:39.173" Title="Has any player beat both of the Williams sisters in singles games within a week?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|wta|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25165" CreationDate="2020-09-17T03:12:35.493" Score="2" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the &amp;quot;30 for 30&amp;quot; episode on Greg Lemond on ESPN.  The video (Slaying the Badger) had interviews with previous teammates of Lemond.  One of them was Andy Hampsten and in his interview segment, he said he had to &amp;quot;chase down&amp;quot; Hinault to help Lemond win.  Reading the wiki pg for Lemond (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_LeMond#1984%E2%80%931986:_Grand_Tours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link here&lt;/a&gt;), it said Hampsten and Bauer had to bring back Hinault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never been on a bike racing team or competed in a bike race so I don't know any tactics or strategies when racing as a bike team so I'm wondering how do riders &amp;quot;chase down and bring back&amp;quot; opposing riders so their teammate can win or what does it mean to bring back riders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-09-22T08:02:46.367" LastActivityDate="2020-09-22T08:02:46.367" Title="What does it mean to &quot;bring back a rider&quot; in bike racing?" Tags="|terminology|strategy|tactics|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25164" CreationDate="2020-09-17T08:10:26.603" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know drafting might come into play too but to simplify things, let's forget about drafting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't forget about drafting because it is a &lt;em&gt;huge&lt;/em&gt; effect in road racing; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyclingtips.com/2017/10/much-benefit-really-get-drafting/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;How much benefit do we really get from drafting?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in Cycling Tips:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Studies have shown drag reductions of between 27% and 50% for riders that are drafting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a team in the peloton decides to bring that rider back, every rider on the team, maybe excluding the team lead/sprinter&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, will take their &amp;quot;turn&amp;quot; at the front of the train, before dropping back to let the next rider have a turn. At worst, this means they get a 27% advantage 6/7ths of the time (Tour de France teams have 8 riders), or still more than a 20% advantage. That advantage only gets bigger in more optimal drafting conditions or if any other teams contribute to the chase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rider out on their own gets none of that advantage, so your assumption that they would be more fresh isn't correct - in fact, it's not uncommon to see riders that have been out on their own for a long time spit out the back of the peloton soon after being caught as they have expended so much energy riding on their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. In general, a team is trying to bring a rider back &lt;em&gt;for a reason&lt;/em&gt;; for example, on a flat stage, they want to set the finish up for their sprinter. There's no point bringing the race back together just to have their sprinter tired from the chase and unable to compete effectively in the sprint, so the sprinter may take shorter, fewer or even no turns at the front of the train.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T08:10:26.603" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25152" CreationDate="2020-09-17T18:19:09.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL's Football Operations department sent &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/TomPelissero/status/1301653002390994945&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a memo on September 3, 2020&lt;/a&gt; to the teams explaining the policies around fake crowd noise in empty stadiums this year.  There are two types of crowd noise audio that are being used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Broadcast Audio (Crowd noise incorporated in the broadcast).&lt;/strong&gt;  This is the audio that you are hearing on television during the broadcast.  It was developed by sound engineers from NFL Films, and is described as &amp;quot;dynamic and reactive to game situations.&amp;quot;  A league-hired audio engineer is working live at each game to try to simulate reactions to the game.  This audio is only for broadcasts; the players do not hear this on the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The memo does not spell out the reasons for using fake crowd noise on the broadcasts, but it is safe to assume that they did some testing and didn't like how the broadcasts sounded with no background noise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;League-Curated Audio for Stadium.&lt;/strong&gt;  The league has provided each stadium with an audio file that contains crowd noise on a loop, and teams are required to play this audio file at the stadium anytime the game clock is running.  There is a unique audio file for each stadium.  According to the memo:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of the curated audio is to create an audio landscape (i.e., a baseline &amp;quot;murmur&amp;quot;) that masks some field-level audio typically not audible in a stadium with fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, if the stadium is too quiet, it is too easy to hear things said on the sidelines.  I'm guessing that this is to prevent a team on one sideline from hearing what is being said on the other sideline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to this stadium crowd noise, the stadium is expected to play the normal music and &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/14855/1723&quot;&gt;audio prompts&lt;/a&gt; that they would normally play with fans present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T18:19:09.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25163" CreationDate="2020-09-17T18:24:41.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;h3&gt;2001 Australian Open&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Martina Hingis&lt;/strong&gt; defeated Serena in QF 6-2 3-6 8-6 and Venus in SF 6-1 6-1&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Martina lost the final though to Jennifer Capriati.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2007 US Open&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Justine Henin&lt;/strong&gt; defeated Serena in QF 7-6 6-1 and Venus in SF 7-6 6-4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Justine won the final against Svetlana Kuznetsova&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2009 US Open&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kim Clijsters&lt;/strong&gt; defeated Venus in 4R 6-0 0-6 6-4 and Serena in SF 6-4 7-5&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Kim won the final against Caroline Wozniacki&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2010 Italian Open&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jelena Janković&lt;/strong&gt; defeated both sisters in a 24-hour period, the only player to do so. Venus in the QF 6-0 6-1 and Serena in the SF 4-6 6-3 7-6 (5)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Jelena lost the final though to María José Martínez Sánchez&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2016 US Open&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Karolína Plíšková&lt;/strong&gt; defeated Venus in 4R 4-6 6-4 7-6 and Serena in SF 6-2 7-6&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Karolína lost the final though to Angelique Kerber&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-11-14T14:51:39.173" LastActivityDate="2023-11-14T14:51:39.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24308" CreationDate="2020-09-17T21:51:17.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After Week 1 of the 2020 NFL season, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamrankings.com/nfl/stat/red-zone-scoring-pct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;web site&lt;/a&gt; says that the 49ers have a 25% red zone TD scoring percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId=401220352&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play-by-play&lt;/a&gt; of their Week 1 game against the Cardinals, and they had the following trips inside the Cardinals' 19-yard line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st and goal at the Cardinals' 10-yard line, which ended with a failed 4th down attempt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st and 10 at the Cardinals' 14-yard line, which ended with a successful field goal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st and goal at the Cardinals' 10-yard line, which ended with a touchdown.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st and 10 at the Cardinals' 21-yard line, which ended with a failed 4th down attempt from the Cardinals' 16-yard line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That last set of downs started outside the red zone and ended inside the red zone, without a first down in the red zone, and it was still counted as a failure in the red zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T21:51:17.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16631" CreationDate="2020-09-18T00:49:00.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tied by the Yankees in the 4th inning against the Blue Jays on September 17, 2020 by Brett Gardner (5th of the season), DJ LeMahieu (10th) and Luke Voit (20th) on consecutive pitches. In addition, Giancarlo Stanton (4th) and Gleyber Torres (3rd) also hit dingers for a total of 5 home runs (7 total runs) in the inning. The 5 home runs in an inning also ties a major league record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20283" LastActivityDate="2020-09-18T00:49:00.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25177" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-20T13:16:34.097" Score="3" ViewCount="907" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's something I've always wondered regarding the Football League's structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are three teams promoted/relegated between the Premier League and the Championship;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are three teams promoted/relegated between the Championship and League One;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But there are &lt;strong&gt;four&lt;/strong&gt; teams promoted/relegated between Leagues One and Two.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has been the case ever since the Football League was reorganised into four tiers in 1958-59. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Third_Division#As_a_single_Third_Division&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia vaguely refers to this extra promotion/relegation place&lt;/a&gt; as a &amp;quot;tradition&amp;quot;, but offers no explanation as to how or why this tradition began. I've never been able to think of an obvious reason why promotion/relegation between Leagues One and Two should be out of step with the leagues above them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why does League Two offer more promotion places than the Championship or League One?&lt;/strong&gt; Is there a historical reason behind it, or was it determined arbitrarily?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T13:16:34.097" Title="Why does League Two have more promotion places than the Championship and League One?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25178" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-20T19:18:14.093" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning about American odds (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-odds_betting#Moneyline_odds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;moneyline odds&lt;/a&gt;) and point spreads. In Chapter 2 of &lt;em&gt;Sports Betting for Dummies&lt;/em&gt;, I see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the point spread on a game gets further from zero, the two moneyline bets get further apart. For example, they might move from -150 (on the favorite) and +135 (on the underdog) to -160 and +145.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the example. From my intuition, when the point spread increases, the American odds (moneyline) on the favorite should increase (e.g. from -150 to -140 [and not decrease from -150 to -160 as in the example]). I don't see why anyone would accept a decreased potential profit when the probability of winning is decreased.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give an extreme illustration, suppose the point spread increases from 0 to 1 quadrillion. To the best of my knowledge, no sports team has ever gained a 1 quadrillion point lead over their opponent, so a bet on the favorite will likely never win if there is a point spread of 1 quadrillion. Therefore, the moneyline on the favorite should &lt;strong&gt;increase&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g. from -150 to +100000000000...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, I don't see how the first sentence is true:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the point spread on a game gets further from zero, the two moneyline bets get further apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my intuition, if the point spread is increased to a level such that the bet on the favorite and the bet on the underdog have increasingly equal probability of winning, the two moneyline bets should get &lt;strong&gt;closer together&lt;/strong&gt; (and not further apart). For example, if the point spread is x, and this x point spread results in bets on both sides getting a 50% probability of winning, their moneyline should be equal (e.g. -110 and -110). Therefore, when the point spread on a game gets further from zero, the two moneyline bets get &lt;strong&gt;closer together before moving further apart&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I wrong? If so, could you explain what I'm missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19804" LastActivityDate="2020-10-21T21:52:39.740" Title="What happens to American odds when the point spread gets further from zero?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25178" CreationDate="2020-09-20T21:25:11.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the example. From my intuition, when the point spread increases, the American odds (moneyline) on the favorite should increase (e.g. from -150 to -140 [and not decrease from -150 to -160 as in the example]). I don't see why anyone would accept a decreased potential profit when the probability of winning is decreased.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The spread increases when the game is predicted to be more lopsided.  The favorite is now more favored.  The chances of the favorite to win are perceived to have increased, so the moneyline payment for their win goes down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so a bet on the favorite will likely never win if there is a point spread of 1 quadrillion. Therefore, the moneyline on the favorite should increase (e.g. from -150 to +100000000000...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ah, here we go.  Moneyline and spread are &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt; bets.  Spread bets are almost always priced at -110/-110, but the favorite has to win by more than the spread.  Because this pricing is standard, it's not usually shown.  Moneyline bets are for the team to win outright (no spread), but with different pricing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, the moneyline bet will pay out a small amount of money to a lot of people if the favorite wins, but the spread bet will pay a lot of money to folks on the underdog when the favorite doesn't cover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T05:26:01.507" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T05:26:01.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25182" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-22T05:36:35.253" Score="4" ViewCount="1149" Body="&lt;p&gt;In September 2020, Duplantis beated the world's pole vault record with a 6,15m jump. World Athletics mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/diamond-league/news/duplantis-kiplimo-warholm-rome-2020&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duplantis scales 6.15m in Rome, world's highest ever outdoor vault&lt;/a&gt;, where I find the reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Note: In 1998, the IAAF decided to accept indoor world records as the official world records if they were better than the best outdoor mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back in Feb 15, 2020, Duplantis had jumped over 6,18m in Glasgow, in what is the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_pole_vault_world_record_progression&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pole vault indoor world record&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the reasoning behind the IAAF accepting indoor world records as the official world records if the improve the outdoor?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is this treated? Do they keep an indoor, outdoor and &lt;em&gt;generic&lt;/em&gt; list of records?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is that pole vault indoor records tend to be better than outdoor's?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note I am aware of the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/13023/11439&quot;&gt;Indoor / outdoor track and field different records?&lt;/a&gt; but I am looking for information specific to pole vault, not the rest (which was kept unanswered there)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2020-11-05T18:45:52.060" Title="Why are pole vault indoor records better than outdoor's?" Tags="|records|track-and-field|athletics|pole-vault|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25186" CreationDate="2020-09-23T07:39:46.123" Score="0" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;At about 7'11″ into the video linked below, the announcer says &amp;quot;full count now three balls and two&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ozt-dmWGkek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston Red Sox vs New York Yankees - August 2, 2020 - Regular Season 2020 - MLB - Full Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &amp;quot;full count&amp;quot; in MLB mean to &amp;quot;three balls and two strikes&amp;quot;? Is it in the statistical?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-09-23T10:12:25.930" Title="Does &quot;full count&quot; in MLB mean to &quot;three balls and two strikes&quot;" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25185" CreationDate="2020-09-23T10:12:25.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_(baseball)#Full_count&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full count [...] is the common name for a count where the batter has three balls and two strikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-23T10:12:25.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25189" CreationDate="2020-09-24T08:29:12.517" Score="0" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;At about 1′47″ into the video linked below, it sounds like that the announcer says &amp;quot;Something to watch tonight is velocity, way &lt;strong&gt;down lacked command in his last start&lt;/strong&gt; and he's a free agent at the end of the year.&amp;quot; There are 3 parts in there, the part before &amp;quot;way down&amp;quot;, the part after &amp;quot;and&amp;quot; and the part in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand &amp;quot;way&amp;quot; usually means &amp;quot;very much&amp;quot;, so what does &amp;quot;down lacked command&amp;quot; mean? Does &amp;quot;his last start&amp;quot; refer to the first inning of his last game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The link begins at 1′42″.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/ozt-dmWGkek?start=102&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="19995" LastEditDate="2020-09-24T09:30:07.157" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T09:30:07.157" Title="Is there a term in MLB sounds like &quot;down lacked command&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25188" CreationDate="2020-09-24T09:09:47.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're parsing the English incorrectly. It should be more like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something to watch tonight is velocity: way down, lacked command in his last start&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The velocity of his pitches was significantly lower in his last start than typically.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He had little control (ability to pitch strikes rather than balls) in his last start.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T09:09:47.240" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-24T10:28:11.237" Score="2" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tour_de_France&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 Tour de France&lt;/a&gt; there was a leader for most of the weeks: Primož Roglič. His team, Jumbo, was in control of the race most of the stages and blocked many attacks from main opponents.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;However, there was this other cyclist Tadej Pogačar, whose team was 'weak' but was most of the time with Roglič. At the penultimate stage, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tour_de_France,_Stage_12_to_Stage_21#Stage_20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an individual time trial&lt;/a&gt;, he outperformed Roglič and made it to the first position in the overall ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, Pogačar benefited from Roglič's team to keep the race 'under control' and made it all the way to the first position by following the latter whenever it was possible, and then finally performing better in the individual time trial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, cycling teams are very useful to the leaders, since they allow the leader to focus on following on the attacks of the principal opponents, while having plenty of support in the rest of the time. On the other hand, leaders without a strong team tend to suffer more because they tend to need&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in an hypothetical case of a cyclist from a weak team 'just' following the leader of a strong one, benefiting from their work, what are the tactics that teams and leaders use to beat them anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T10:28:11.237" Title="What are the tactics that teams and leaders use to beat cyclists from a weak team 'just' following the leader of the strong one?" Tags="|tactics|cycling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25191" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25197" CreationDate="2020-09-24T13:37:25.103" Score="0" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;At about 7′30″ into the video linked below, the announcer says &amp;quot;That's &lt;strong&gt;shotout&lt;/strong&gt; to center field.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutouts_in_baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shutout&lt;/a&gt; refers to the act by which a single pitcher pitches a complete game and does not allow the opposing team to score a run strikes, which is obvious not what the announcer means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what does shutout there mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The link starts at 7′22″.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/ozt-dmWGkek?start=442&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T16:37:22.223" Title="When talking about a batter, what does shutout mean?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25193" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25196" CreationDate="2020-09-24T14:26:26.947" Score="1" ViewCount="894" Body="&lt;p&gt;The screenshot shown below comes from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/red-sox-vs-yankees/2020/07/31/631222#game_state=final,lock_state=final,game_tab=wrap,game=631222&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/io6RY.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/io6RY.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does F/10 and F/11 mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-25T02:43:08.157" LastActivityDate="2023-08-02T21:22:34.583" Title="What does F/10 and F/11 in MLB stats mean?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2020-09-24T15:26:40.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You basically just want to get &lt;strong&gt;VERY&lt;/strong&gt; comfortable on your board. Keep practicing smaller push-offs, then work your way up to bigger, more smooth push-offs!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20305" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T15:26:40.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25193" CreationDate="2020-09-24T16:35:08.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;Final&lt;/strong&gt;, indicating the game is complete.  Prior to completion, it will show an innings count (&amp;quot;Top 5&amp;quot; meaning the game is currently in the 5th inning, and the Away team is at bat, so the Top of the 5th).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F/#&lt;/strong&gt; means that the game is Final, and that the game finished in a number of innings other than the normal length (in most cases, 9 innings, though the new doubleheader rule means some games only go 7 by default).  The game might end earlier (if there is a rain situation that causes them to call the game as final, which they can after 5 innings if they choose to, as opposed to suspending it and completing it later) or end later (if the game is tied after 9 innings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;F/10&lt;/strong&gt; then means that the game is completed, and was completed after 10 innings of play, presumably due to a tie game in regulation (9 innings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T16:35:08.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25191" CreationDate="2020-09-24T16:37:22.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word is &amp;quot;Shot out&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;Shut out&amp;quot;.  &amp;quot;Shot out&amp;quot; in this context refers to the meaning of &amp;quot;Shot&amp;quot; similar to &amp;quot;shot from a gun&amp;quot; - i.e., a hard blast as opposed to a soft &amp;quot;bloop&amp;quot; hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T16:37:22.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-24T16:51:20.587" Score="4" ViewCount="1043" Body="&lt;p&gt;When watching a match of snooker, especially one where safety battles take place, the broadcaster will often display a &amp;quot;Safety Success&amp;quot; statistic for both players above the current score, or via a &amp;quot;summary&amp;quot; infographic. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/skyzF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/skyzF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I imagine that, similar to &lt;em&gt;Pot Success&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Long Pot Success&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Safety Success&lt;/em&gt; will use the total amount of the safety shots attempted by the player, and use this to divide against the number of successful attempts - but what makes a safety shot &amp;quot;successful&amp;quot; in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Snookering the opponent?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting the ball within &lt;em&gt;X&lt;/em&gt; distance of the baulk cushion?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not leaving a &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; ball potable?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A combination of these?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-09-19T19:04:05.473" Title="What makes a Safety shot in snooker &quot;successful&quot;?" Tags="|statistics|snooker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25199" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-24T19:03:21.923" Score="1" ViewCount="677" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never understood clearly how an F1 driver loses pace as they grow old, I understand it has to do with instincts &amp;amp; reflexes getting slower but these drivers do have telemetry data, So Seb for example can look at his previous years' lap &amp;amp; fix any issues consciously so at least in Quali the gap shouldn't be this big or is it a case of despite seeing the data Seb isn't capable of fixing things? Also, does Ferarri (any manufacturer) put Seb in a previous years' car and ask him to go around Fiorano to see if he has got slower?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20307" LastActivityDate="2020-11-19T09:10:49.613" Title="How does an F1 driver become slower with age?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25199" CreationDate="2020-09-24T20:58:04.097" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to address the general question of what causes drivers to get slower with age, and not the specific example you mention (that of Vettel).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Greg noted in the comments, an F1 driver's reflexes &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; degrade with age, but so will their physical ability to actually &lt;em&gt;drive the car&lt;/em&gt;. Formula One cars are incredibly physically demanding to drive, regularly pulling loads of about 5g under braking and during cornering. It's not just the G-forces they need to be able to withstand, either: &lt;a href=&quot;https://motorsport.tech/formula-1/formula-one-brakes-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;it takes a force of 125kg (about 350lb) just to operate the brake pedal.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, it's no surprise to me that most drivers (with a few outliers) retire from F1 between the ages of 35 and 40. That's in line with most other professional sports, like association football and basketball. Even if a driver's reflexes remain as sharp as ever, there will eventually come a point where their body simply can't take the strain anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that in the early years of the sport, when the physical demands were much different, experience was more important than fitness, and so it was common for drivers to remain competitive at much older ages. Juan Manual Fangio won his final World Championship at the age of 46 - in the process delivering &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_German_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;what is widely considered the greatest F1 drive of all time&lt;/a&gt; - and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Chiron&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Louis Chiron&lt;/a&gt; came 6th at the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix at the age of &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;55&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-09-25T09:24:58.453" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T09:24:58.453" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25198" CreationDate="2020-09-25T03:13:37.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One possible answer comes from the world of AI pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000437020700077X&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the paper PickPocket: A computer billiards shark&lt;/a&gt;, we have the following basic definition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A successful safety is one where the opponent fails to pocket an object ball on their next shot, thus the player gets to shoot again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from billiards, not snooker specifically, but it's as good a definition as any, and the concept applies to both in any event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T03:13:37.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25204" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25246" CreationDate="2020-09-25T23:56:25.860" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've commonly heard that when practising a motor skill, one should start slow with correct form and one shouldn't force speed. Rather, let speed come naturally. I believe this but I can't find a citation for its prescription. Does anyone have a study to support (or deny) this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1712" LastEditorUserId="1712" LastEditDate="2020-10-14T02:03:08.480" LastActivityDate="2020-10-14T02:03:08.480" Title="Motor skill: Let speed come naturally?" Tags="|technique|training|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2020-10-11T04:00:01.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25206" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-26T14:46:51.070" Score="-1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;If women playing for shorter periods of time makes for better marketability in tennis, why isn’t the same logic applied to other (even more) physically grueling sports like soccer where players play for even longer periods of time? Wouldn't the women's game also benefit from some form of modification in the rules or format just as women's tennis benefitted from it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15754" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T17:49:30.340" Title="Why isn't the playing time for women players in sports like soccer shortened in a similar way in which the playing time for women's tennis is?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25207" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-26T15:32:16.140" Score="0" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why isn't the ‘Designated Player Rule’  rule, which allows the men's soccer league teams to sign star players, also been applied in the NWSL just as it is in the MLS? Thus, the women's clubs are prevented from paying more money to star players in order to attract them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15754" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T19:02:20.567" Title="In American soccer, why is it that the women’s soccer league clubs are not allowed to implement the ‘Designated Player Rule’?" Tags="|football|mls|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25206" CreationDate="2020-09-26T17:49:30.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because your premise is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Women playing shorter matches in tennis isn't for &amp;quot;marketability&amp;quot;, it's an excuse that's been used for many years to pay less money to women. Women are just as capable of playing a high-quality 5 set match as men are, suggesting that other sports should be crippled because of an outdated notion that women aren't &amp;quot;strong enough&amp;quot; to play for as long as men is frankly a backwards, sexist suggestion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T17:49:30.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25207" CreationDate="2020-09-26T18:00:59.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because of the difference between the leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MLS is a second-tier league. The big names of men's football play in Europe, or very occasionally in South America. The only way that MLS can attract one of the big names of men's football is by paying them wages higher than they could earn in Europe - and those wages would absolutely destroy the MLS salary cap. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/23/premier-league-salaries-manchester-city-nba-barcelona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the average salary for a Premier League player is around £3m per annum &lt;em&gt;per player&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; that would be about 90% of the MLS salary cap &lt;em&gt;per team&lt;/em&gt; of $4.2 million.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NWSL is probably the top women's league in the world. They have no need to overpay to attract the top players in the world; it probably helps that the US is the top women's team in the world, but definitely not in the men's game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-09-26T19:02:20.567" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T19:02:20.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25211" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-27T08:14:07.237" Score="2" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a league where all games are known when the league starts, how soon before the game starts do bookies provide pre-match odds? I have noticed that odds for all games in a league, like the English Premiere League, are not provided right away until a number of days before the match is played. Why is done like this? Why not provide odds for all games at the onset? Why wait till a few days to the game? What is the logic behind all this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20316" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T14:54:47.980" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T14:54:47.980" Title="How soon do bookies make betting odds available and why at that time?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-27T15:45:17.287" Score="3" ViewCount="670" Body="&lt;p&gt;Man Utd were awarded a match-winning penalty at Brighton following a VAR check from referee Chris Kavanagh - after he had already blown the full-time whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A question:&#xA;According to the literature, what happens if the VAR identifies a clear mistake in a match-changing incident after the referee has blown the whistle for half-time or full-time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16554" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T15:59:58.300" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T21:33:06.407" Title="VAR check after match end?" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25213" CreationDate="2020-09-27T20:30:36.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 5 answers this directly.&#xA;Section 2, &lt;em&gt;Decisions of the Referee&lt;/em&gt; provides that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may not change a restart decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official if play has restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half (including extra time) and left the field of play or abandoned the match. However, if at the end of the half, the referee leaves the field of play to go to the referee review area (RRA) or to instruct the players to return to the field of play, this does not prevent a decision being changed for an incident which occurred before the end of the half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In effect, the referee can change a decision regarding something that happened before the game ended, even though they have already indicated full time, as long as they're still on the field of play (or have left it to conduct a review or to recall the players).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T20:30:36.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25152" CreationDate="2020-09-27T20:59:12.390" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The deeper answer can be best answered by Slavoj Zizek. Basically, we're hard wired to believe that if another person or in this case - audience = persons,,,  Are Really enjoying a play and screaming, cheering, etc. is added to the TV audio for you to hear at home... With hardly any people at the stadium ,, they're forced to use an ativistic psychological trick to convince the at home audience that &amp;quot;this particular moment of the game is fun&amp;quot;.  The core of intrinsic belief of a person is called into play.  You need another to believe for you,,, or not , depending on your disposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And? I'm glad that someone is questioning this tribal - hard wired. brain of ours!..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What we're talking about occurs @ 9:30 into the video.. I've no idea what time that would be backwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gw8LPn4irao?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20320" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T22:48:52.453" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T22:48:52.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25216" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-28T03:08:44.967" Score="6" ViewCount="2887" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this strategy: If a team reaches the 40 or so yard line, it would immediately go for the field goal attempt, instead of trying the touch down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could be considered &amp;quot;small ball&amp;quot;, but would prevent turnovers. Also, since it is faster, you could have more attempts during the game, though the opposing team also would have more attempts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So could this strategy be advantageous? Have any team ever done this? Is there any place that keep track of turnover % on field goal range?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20321" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-09-28T03:26:45.773" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T21:30:17.627" Title="Could an immediate field goal be advantageous in NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25216" CreationDate="2020-09-28T04:26:03.347" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, no, this would not be a good strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, it would be a signal that you do not trust your offense. Doing this would be admitting that you believe that your offense has a low likelihood of scoring and a high likelihood of a turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, as soon as you kick the field goal, you are giving the ball to the other team. The result of this would be minimizing your own team’s time of possession. This gives the opponent more opportunity to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A field goal is worth less than half of a touchdown. By never going for a touchdown, you are saying that you believe that every possession you have will end in a turnover. If even half of your possessions do not end in a turnover, then you should not settle for a field goal before you are forced to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-many-possessions-per-game-does-a-team-average-in-the-NFL&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;average number of offensive drives for an NFL team is around 12&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.businessinsider.com/nfl-turnovers-way-down-2016-12&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;average number of turnovers is around 2.6&lt;/a&gt;, so it would be a mistake to artificially end every drive early and avoid touchdowns just to minimize turnovers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T04:26:03.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25216" CreationDate="2020-09-28T14:45:15.450" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definitely not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team which gets a first down with 40 yards to go can expect to score around 2.5 points (source: the graph at the bottom of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.advancedfootballanalytics.com/index.php/home/stats/stats-explained/expected-points-and-epa-explained&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Advanced Football Analytics&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ball spotted on the 40 yard line will result in a 57 yard field goal attempt. A 55 yard field goal attempt has a success rate of around 50% (source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/stats-central/stats-articles/field-goal-success-probabilities-by-direction/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Field Goal Success Probabilities by Direction&lt;/a&gt;), dropping rapidly from there. That gives a maximum expected points of less than 1.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are probably some second order effects here around things like where the opposing team starts their drive, but they're not going to make up a full point of difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T14:45:15.450" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25216" CreationDate="2020-09-28T15:00:15.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definitely not at the 40, because of how hard a field goal at the 40 is (edit: see &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/25218/6232&quot;&gt;Philip's answer for that calculation&lt;/a&gt;, I'll not duplicate that here).  I will say that the graph in that answer is a &lt;em&gt;bit&lt;/em&gt; old, 2014, and unfortuantely that site isn't updated anymore, but it's still close enough for that answer to be right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202009240jax.htm#all_pbp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the JAX-MIA game from 9/24/2020&lt;/a&gt; for a good example; here, there is a 1st and 10 on the 48, EPB (Expected Points Before the play) of 2.3, and a 2nd and 5 on the 43, EPB 2.5.  Then the following first and 10 on the 37 has an EPB of 3.1; that's above the value for a field goal even if it had a 100% chance of making it.  Of course, the Dolphins scored a touchdown on that drive, but it's the right call to press on whether that succeeded or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a bit of detail over Expected Points, you can read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/8379024/nfl-explaining-expected-points-metric&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this older ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;; but in short, expected points are the number of points that are statistically predicted to be scored from that down and distance from the average team - not from a specific team, so the Chiefs probably score a bit more than the Bears from a particular yard line; it's not perfect, but it's decent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be used to make decisions; such as, on 4th and 1, do I go for it, or kick a field goal / punt?  If the expected points from a particular down and distance is greater than three, then it's probably better to go for it on average than it is to kick the (3 points or less) field goal, or punt; but in the latter case, you need to take into account the expected points for your opponents starting on that line also.  Again, it's not perfect (as it's not team specific), but it's a good metric and as good of one as we have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other consideration I would suggest, beyond the pure numbers, is that defenses tend to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7222/does-a-fast-paced-nfl-offense-tire-out-the-defense-more-than-the-offense&quot;&gt;tire out more easily than offenses&lt;/a&gt;.  As such, you're better off forcing their defense to stay on the field longer.  The NFL is unique in having players only play one side of the ball, and that makes this a much bigger concern than in other sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-09-28T15:32:56.390" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T15:32:56.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25216" CreationDate="2020-09-28T21:30:17.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume you mean &amp;quot;Attempt a field goal on the first down&amp;quot;. Attempting a field goal on the fourth down is common practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As other posters have pointed out, there are close to even odds on making at field goal at 40 yards. Getting closer increases the chances of making the field goal, but it also means that a touch down would have been easier as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Missing at your opponent's 40 yard line not only gives up a possible touchdown, but hands the ball over at your opponent's 40 yard line. Even if you don't get a first down, every yard you can advance the ball not only makes a field goal attempt more likely, but makes the field position if you miss worse for your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's one set of turnover stats:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sharpfootballstats.com/ytd-turnover-rates.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sharpfootballstats.com/ytd-turnover-rates.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rates as low as 0.0%, and assuming that 0.05% would be rounded up to 0.1%, that means that there are plays with turnover rates no higher than 0.04%. At that rate, there would be on average one turnover in every 2500 plays. Even the average play wouldn't be better than making a field goal attempt, it still would make sense to use up all your downs with safe plays that move the ball down the field before making the attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they changed the rules so that a team that misses a two point conversion attempt can still make an attempt at kicking it in for an extra point, as long as there wasn't a turnover on the two point attempt, how often do you think teams wouldn't start out with the two point attempt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15598" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T21:30:17.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20981" CreationDate="2020-09-29T08:10:54.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You missed a step in your analysis.&#xA;&amp;quot;...White, upon completion of a dribble, gathered the ball on his left foot, establishing his left foot as his pivot foot...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gather step is step 0 on LF.&#xA;He places right foot (RF) down!  This is step 1!  At this stage, either foot can be the pivot.&#xA;He lifts RF -&amp;gt; hence establishes LF as pivot.&#xA;He then steps RF down (step 2), lifts pivot foot (LF) up - still legal.&#xA;Then he is no longer allowed to place LF down -&amp;gt; he does (step 3), hence travels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20331" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T08:10:54.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25224" CreationDate="2020-09-29T09:19:09.090" Score="-1" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;At about 4′6″ into the video linked below, the announcer says &amp;quot;They're averaging about three runs a game in the first three innings.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The link starts at 4′1″.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/ozt-dmWGkek?start=241&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &amp;quot;number of runs in a game in the first three innings&amp;quot; also a baseball stat? If yes, does the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/d/deverra01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following&lt;/a&gt; stats about Rafael Devers include that info?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fJFnB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fJFnB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastEditorUserId="19995" LastEditDate="2020-09-29T09:53:36.627" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T12:17:31.613" Title="Is &quot;number of runs in a game in the first three innings&quot; also a piece of stats?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25223" CreationDate="2020-09-29T12:17:31.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, it’s a statistic - by definition. But no, it’s not a commonly used statistic, and wouldn’t appear on a BBRef player page. Baseball statistics like that are collected either by the sports department of the TV station, or by ESPN which is an entire sports TV station, or by a variety of other organizations; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sabr.org/how-to/statistical-databases-and-websites&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Society for American Baseball Research has a list of examples&lt;/a&gt; as well as being one of those organizations itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case you probably could find it with a baseball reference advanced search for &lt;em&gt;team&lt;/em&gt; stats - they didn’t mean Devers scores three runs on average in the first three innings (that would be not only a record but probably by a factor of four or five; I doubt anyone averages much more than one run a game)  but that the whole team does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T12:17:31.613" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25226" CreationDate="2020-09-29T12:36:16.573" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;What Is the maximum - Minimum Size of bat which player Can use In cricket. Many Players use small bats and other types like different sizes at different time and situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20313" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-09-29T13:12:02.067" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T14:42:02.723" Title="What Is the maximum - Minimum Size of bat player Can use In cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25225" CreationDate="2020-09-29T13:34:35.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5, The Bat&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.7 Bat size limits&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.7.1 The overall length of the bat, when the lower portion of the handle is inserted, shall not be more than 38 in/96.52 cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.7.2 The blade of the bat shall not exceed the following dimensions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Width: 4.25in / 10.8 cm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depth: 2.64in / 6.7 cm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edges: 1.56in / 4.0cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, it should also be able to pass through a bat gauge as described in Appendix B.8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;plus some other minor points about coverings etc. No minimum size is specified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-09-29T14:42:02.723" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T14:42:02.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25228" CreationDate="2020-09-29T17:00:58.723" Score="2" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;In today's IPL match, during the Sunrisers Hyderabad's innings, in the last bowl Samad and Sharma ran for two runs. But one of them (I don't remember who exactly), while taking the first run didn't touch the crease and ran for the second. As a result one run was offered to the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the name of this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20179" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-09-30T18:53:45.283" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T18:53:45.283" Title="What is it called when one runs for the second run without touching the crease during the first run?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25227" CreationDate="2020-09-29T18:21:50.930" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is called a short run. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/scoring-runs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.3 Short runs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.3.1 A run is short if a batsman fails to make good his/her ground in turning for a further run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.3.2 Although a short run shortens the succeeding one, the latter if completed shall not be regarded as short.  A striker setting off for the first run from in front of the popping crease may do so also without penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.4 Unintentional short runs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except in the circumstances of 18.5 [intentional short runs],&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.4.1 if either batsman runs a short run, the umpire concerned shall, unless a boundary is scored, call and signal Short run as soon as the ball becomes dead and that run shall not be scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T18:21:50.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25055" CreationDate="2020-09-29T21:16:22.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all about the way you fall (technique). Players who try to naturally brace themselves when diving will feel pain in the shoulder and neck.If your technique is good you shouldn't feel pain in your neck and shoulders. Soreness in your hips are normal even with good technique though!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20334" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T21:16:22.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25213" CreationDate="2020-09-29T21:27:45.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;There is no time limit for the review process as accuracy is more important than speed&amp;quot; -IFAB&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any match changing decisions/incidents reviewable by VAR can be reviewed even after the restart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So because the handball happened prior to the referee blowing for full-time it's allowed for VAR to check the incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/38/section/113/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/38/section/113/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20334" LastEditorUserId="20334" LastEditDate="2020-09-29T21:33:06.407" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T21:33:06.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25233" CreationDate="2020-09-30T12:05:23.173" Score="-1" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Cricket if the Super Over also ends in a tie, the winner is typically decided by the number of boundaries scored throughout the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how they decide the winner in football if match tie in extra time also is there any match which tied in extra time also??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20313" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-09-30T18:53:31.653" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T18:53:31.653" Title="How to decide winner in football if match ties in extra time?" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25232" CreationDate="2020-09-30T12:26:36.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a match is tied at the end of normal time, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/30/section/83/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 10 allows three methods to determine the outcome of the match&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When competition rules require a winning team after a drawn match or home-and-away tie, the only permitted procedures to determine the winning team are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;away goals rule&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;two equal periods of extra time not exceeding 15 minutes each&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/30/section/84/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A combination of the above procedures may be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, extra time has already been played so it would be settled either via the away goals rule or kicks from the penalty mark (commonly called a penalty shoot-out); which of these are chosen will depend on the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T12:26:36.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25236" CreationDate="2020-09-30T21:44:45.433" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/redsox/schedule/2020-08&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the schedule&lt;/a&gt;, MLB official site displays games in different fill (background) colors. For instance, the Red Sox vs. Yankees game on July 31 is in grey fill color, while the game on July 7 is in white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the coloring mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jMPx4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jMPx4.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T06:34:50.330" Title="What do different fill (background) colors mean in the MLB schedule?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25235" CreationDate="2020-10-01T06:34:50.330" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You didn't copy the important part of the table, because it's stated below what each color stands for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H8RUv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H8RUv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be honest, this isn't entirely true, because the white color is only for completed &lt;em&gt;home&lt;/em&gt; games to distinguish between completed home and away games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sapphire = upcoming home games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grey = &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; away games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;White = completed home games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can as well see this by the annotations in each field (&lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; for home and &lt;em&gt;@&lt;/em&gt; for away). It's a perfect match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T06:34:50.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7151" CreationDate="2020-10-01T15:18:24.553" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can hypothetically but its extremely unlikely that they wont play each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First its extremly hard to go 16-0 anyway.(also ussually if ur 14-2 u will not play your starters)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you have to be really lucky to also not play each other&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also winning all the games in the playoffs&#xA;BUT Thanks to 2020 playoffs its possible now:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/eagles/nfl-playoff-format-changed-2020-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/eagles/nfl-playoff-format-changed-2020-season&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:here is the way 2 teams get 16-0(because 3 teams is impossible):&#xA;Lets say from the nfc west a team defeats every team in their own division and a team in the nfc east. Now the same thing happens with a team in the NFC North. Those teams have 2 more games to play so they have to hope they dont face each other.Then if all goes well The number 1 and 2 seed will both be 16-0 and 1st seed will have a bye and 2nd seed will play in wildcard. Then the wildcard 16-0 team wins every playoff game. 20-0&#xA;()&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="20340" LastEditDate="2020-10-02T15:11:51.663" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T15:11:51.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-03T18:40:06.263" Score="3" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering, what would the call be if a player attempted a forearm pass but didn't have their hands connected? would it be a carry ball, a double hit, a foot fault, or 4 hits?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20345" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-10-03T22:32:22.870" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T07:47:25.387" Title="What fault occurs if a volleyball forearm pass is made without the hands connected?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25242" CreationDate="2020-10-03T22:27:55.747" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Making a forearm pass without your hands connected is not &lt;em&gt;of itself&lt;/em&gt; a fault. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the FIVB 2017-2020 official rules, Section 9.3 &amp;quot;Faults in playing the ball&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.3.3 CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from the hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.3.4 DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball contacts various parts of his/her body in succession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So long as the ball is not caught and is not a double contact, it is a legal play on the ball - that is all that is required, the form of the contact is (deliberately) not specified in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T07:47:25.387" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T07:47:25.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25245" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25254" CreationDate="2020-10-05T04:28:27.890" Score="1" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;After losing game 3 of the 2019-20 NBA finals, the Los Angeles Lakers lead the Miami Heat 2-1 in the series. The Lakers got to the finals after beating the Portland Blazers, the Houston Rockets, and the Denver Nuggets in the first three rounds of the playoffs with a score of 4-1 in each of those series. The Lakers are now 2 wins away from winning the championship and winning all series 4-1.&#xA;(Note that the Lakers ended up winning the series 4-2 and didn't achieve this feat).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the NHL and the NBA playoffs have been played a best of 7 series on all rounds, has there ever been a team winning all rounds with the exact same score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-12T23:44:10.723" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T15:01:20.080" Title="Has an NHL or NBA champion ever won all playoffs series with the same record?" Tags="|basketball|nba|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25204" CreationDate="2020-10-05T07:58:26.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following citations don't speak to starting slow, but they confirm that speed and accuracy increase with practise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting that with practice, [...] limb trajectories get faster and more asymmetric (Elliott, Chua, Pollock, &amp;amp; Lyons, 1995; Khan &amp;amp; Franks, 2000).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f0cb/b028b6248ac5fd74bbb22e2b65c13fbb6198.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elliott, D., Hansen, S., Grierson, L.E.M., Lyons, J., Bennett, S.J., Hayes, S.J. 2010. Goal-directed aiming: two components but multiple processes. &lt;em&gt;Psychological Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, 136, 1023-1044.&lt;/a&gt; PDF page 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decrease in endpoint variability occurs in conjunction with an increase in the peak velocity of the limb (e.g., Elliott et al., 1995).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Elliott et al., 2010, PDF page 10)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Found some more relevant sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The group exposed to the slowest speed training program was the only group [...] which had significantly lower time-on-target scores from the control group who trained at the criterion speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10671315.1975.10615298&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Barbara E. Jensen (1975) Pretask Speed Training and Movement Complexity as Factors in Rotary Pursuit Skill Acquisition, &lt;em&gt;Research Quarterly&lt;/em&gt;. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 46:1, 1-11&lt;/a&gt;, DOI: &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1975.10615298&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10.1080/10671315.1975.10615298&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The effect of learning a novel skill at specific speeds on performance over a range of speeds was examined on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=pursuit+rotor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the pursuit rotor&lt;/a&gt;. Three groups of subjects were given three days of training: Group 1 at 30 rpm, Group 2 at 60 rpm, and Group 3 at 30–45.60 rpm. Group 4, a control, practiced on a pegboard task during this period. On Days 4 and 5, all four groups were tested for transfer at 30, 45, and 60 rpm. For the most part, Group 3 appeared to perform equal to or better across the range of speeds than any of the other groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.1980.50.1.83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Siegel, D., &amp;amp; Davis, C. (1980). Transfer Effects of Learning at Specific Speeds on Performance over a Range of Speeds. &lt;em&gt;Perceptual and Motor Skills&lt;/em&gt;, 50(1), 83–89&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1980.50.1.83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1980.50.1.83&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speed and accuracy are two sides of the same skill coin. although there is a strong and widespread belief in industry that the instructor should focus on developing accuracy because speed will follow, that is not true. The research is clear: if you want speed and accuracy, you must train for both and preferably right from the start of training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=BqkpO46H5GsC&amp;amp;pg=PA55&amp;amp;lpg=PA55&amp;amp;dq=The+result+of+speed+and+accuracy+emphases+on+the+learning+of+a+selected+motor+skill+in+golf&amp;amp;ots=tze717VyUs&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3wMdC7BhpiZBXxhHZhx4s4TcZTgQ&amp;amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=The%20result%20of%20speed%20and%20accuracy%20emphases%20on%20the%20learning%20of%20a%20selected%20motor%20skill%20in%20golf&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;James, R. (1995). Chapter 8. In &lt;em&gt;The techniques of instruction&lt;/em&gt; (p. 55). Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1712" LastEditorUserId="1712" LastEditDate="2020-10-10T09:34:35.957" LastActivityDate="2020-10-10T09:34:35.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25247" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-05T12:52:59.560" Score="2" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been experimenting between Eastern and semi-Western grips for my forehand. When I was hitting, I felt like the Eastern grip forehand provided much more precision (almost an unbelievable amount) compared to my semi-Western forehand. I would like to know if this is expected, or am I just hitting the semi-Western shot badly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intuition suggests that the firm wrist for Eastern coupled with the lack of too many moving parts in the stroke would afford greater control. Is this correct? I'm 5'7&amp;quot;, and I felt like, in using the Eastern forehand, there is a small reduction in &amp;quot;loopiness&amp;quot; of the ball that trades off for a huge amount of accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20354" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T23:03:45.433" Title="Does an Eastern forehand grip provide more precision compared to a semi-Western grip?" Tags="|tennis|technique|grip|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25245" CreationDate="2020-10-05T15:12:52.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely.  One example is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_2003.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002-03 San Antonio Spurs&lt;/a&gt;, who won all four series they played 4 games to 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T15:12:52.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25250" CreationDate="2020-10-05T15:32:30.823" Score="3" ViewCount="1528" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is what week is the earliest you can clinch a division?&#xA;What would the other teams in the division and conference have to be like?&#xA;Also what is the earliest you can clinch the playoffs(so basically a wild card)?&#xA;What is the earliest you can be sure you have a first round bye?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus:What would be the earliest you can be sure you arent in the playoffs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T16:56:49.100" Title="What is the earliest a team can clinch a division?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25249" CreationDate="2020-10-05T16:56:49.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to focus on the first question; if you want to ask more than one, you should ask separate questions.  I'll touch on the others briefly at the end, but they're much more complex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The earliest realistic time a team could clinch a division (meaning, be ensured of first place) would be with 9 wins and every other team having 2 or fewer wins (so, 9-0 and no other team better than 2-7).  That's because of how scheduling works - playing twice against each other in the division plus the desire to not have the same teams playing each other in nearly consecutive weeks means that teams nearly always play each divisional opponent once in the early weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Team A goes 8-0, and three other teams, B,C,D, each lose to every other team outside of the division, and split the games equally(so B&amp;gt;C, C&amp;gt;D, and D&amp;gt;B), then you'd have a scenario with 8-0 / 1-7 1-7 1-7.  But that would not be clinching - you'd still have the possibility of losing out to be 8-8, and one other team winning out to be 9-7.  (Theoretically if no other team in your division had an intradivisional game, you would be able to be 8-0 with all other teams 0-8, but that doesn't happen in general from a scheduling point of view.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, you need to be 9-0 with no other team better than 2-7; at that point you would be no worse than 9-7, and no other team would be &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; than 9-7.  You'd still have to set things up schedule-wise to ensure you had won the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/standings/tie-breaking-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tiebreakers&lt;/a&gt; over all of the 2-7 teams, but that's technically possible (and, in fact, all the other teams could be in theory 1-8).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the earliest week you could clinch a wildcard or a bye is not really practical to say; there's too much complexity.  It would be later than week 9, in any event, as 9-7 is not always a wild card, and there's too much complexity to have everything break properly.  Most likely a 10-0 team will have effectively clinched a wild card, though very occasionally 10 win teams don't make the playoffs (The 2008 Patriots at 11-5 actually missed it, in fact.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clinching a bye similarly has too many complications to give a realistic answer to; the second best team in the conference practically speaking has always had &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/nfl/comments/5lx1t2/worst_teams_in_nfl_history_by_record_to_get_a/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10 wins&lt;/a&gt;, I believe.  Technically it's possible to get in at 9-7, or at least 9-6-1 (see the 1989 Browns, though that's before the current structure and schedule), but it seems improbable.  Usually the #2 bye is a 11-5 or better team.  As one example, the 2007 Patriots didn't even clinch their division (an extremely weak AFC East) until their 11th win (11-0).  With a 13-3 team, an 11-5 team, and a 10-6 team leading the other three divisions, they likely didn't clinch a bye until their 12th win of the season; that seems right in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as far as clinching a playoff &lt;em&gt;miss&lt;/em&gt;, that would be about as complicated as a wild card clinch; most likely 9 losses is going to keep you out of the playoffs most years (but not 8), but theoretically a 11-5 team could miss the playoffs, so it's very hard to say what is &amp;quot;possible&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T16:56:49.100" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25245" CreationDate="2020-10-06T02:40:24.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NHL has been hosting best of 7 playoff rounds since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs#Divisional_playoffs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986-87&lt;/a&gt; season. Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/playoffs/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hockey Reference&lt;/a&gt; there has been no Stanley Cup champion winning all rounds with the same score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA has been hosting best of 7 playoff rounds 2002-03 season where the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/NBA_2003.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Antonio Spurs&lt;/a&gt; on that year became the first and only NBA team to to this date&#xA;winning all series with the same record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-11-11T15:01:20.080" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T15:01:20.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17600" CreationDate="2020-10-07T00:40:14.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just looking to see if Browns/Cowboys type play had ever occurred before and came across this....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MAJOR point that everyone seems to have missed is that any offensive kick is a dead ball as far as the kicking team is concerned once it crosses the line of scrimmage unless touched by the defense. &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Using &amp;quot;offensive kick&amp;quot; to specifically differentiate punts, XP, and FG attempts from &amp;quot;free kick&amp;quot; which occurs after scores... aka kickoffs occuring after TD's, FG's and Safeties&amp;gt;&amp;gt; Long story short, the offense cannot recover any blocked kick past the line of scrimmage unless it's touched by defense and the defense is under no obligation to attempt to make a play on the ball and can [and usually should] just allow it to roll dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Famous example -- Leon Lett and the &amp;quot;Lett it be&amp;quot; play that cost the Cowboys a game in the early 90s&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20364" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T00:40:14.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25257" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-07T03:12:03.363" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that when you score on the wrong basket, the nearest player gets the points (in NBA) - so that's &amp;quot;Field Goal Made&amp;quot;. But, what about &amp;quot;Field Goal Attempts&amp;quot;? If the nearest player doesn't have any attempts in this game, will it be 1/1 or 1/0?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, what about the unfortunate player that actually scored the &amp;quot;own FG&amp;quot;? Does his FGA increase? Is it a violation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20365" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-10-09T14:40:21.877" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T14:40:21.877" Title="What happens to FGA when you score on the wrong basket?" Tags="|rules|nba|scoring|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25258" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-08T18:11:51.053" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowlers run up before performing a little hop to get momentum going and bowl the ball. Does the run-up contribute anything to the speed/spin of the ball? Or could you get a similar speed/spin by just hopping to get your moment going, without running?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know pitching in baseball is different from bowling in cricket, but wouldn't you be able to get a similar amount of force behind the ball without running up? Isn't energy lost by the hop that bowlers perform when they extend their legs and pivot with the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20370" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-11-08T11:26:50.423" LastActivityDate="2020-11-08T11:26:50.423" Title="Does the bowler's run-up actually contribute anything useful?" Tags="|cricket|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-09T00:59:17.377" Score="5" ViewCount="1930" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batter is injured, while hitting a home run out of a park, and cannot physically run the bases, can a pinch runner be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20371" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-10-09T14:39:54.820" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T17:50:25.897" Title="If a batter is injured, while hitting a home run out of a park, and cannot physically run the bases, can a pinch runner be used?" Tags="|rules|baseball|home-run|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25258" CreationDate="2020-10-09T08:04:37.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Running up does add some speed to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple physics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bowling speed = 130 km/h&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Running speed + 15 km/h&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&amp;gt; Total speed = 145 km/h&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The spin is different as well. While standing a bowler just has a circular movement based on their arm length. Running up causes that movement to be elliptical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tbll1.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tbll1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't all, though. There's also velocity, air resistance and other factors which are missing in this example calculation. But yes, running up does help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T08:04:37.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-09T10:34:39.793" Score="5" ViewCount="922" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do the rules for several sports dictate that a player has to score an odd number of points to win the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Table tennis: 11 points (previously 21)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Badminton: 21 points (previously 7, 11 or 15)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Squash: 11 points (previously 9)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand that matches or sets have an odd number of games so that there is no possibility of ties in which each player wins the same number of games. This does not apply to points as the first player to reach the required number wins the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google doesn't find me an answer, just rules of the sports. I wish to find out why the people who created the rules picked these numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20372" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-09T13:38:53.120" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T06:52:59.757" Title="Why do racket-sport games end with an odd number of points?" Tags="|rules|scoring|table-tennis|badminton|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25259" CreationDate="2020-10-09T17:50:25.897" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a batter-runner is incapacitated during a home run (or any other play where he is entitled to a particular base, such as a walk, a ground rule double, or a ball thrown into the dugout), then his team may use a substitute runner (who then takes his place in the batting order and on the field, unless further replaced).  See the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Official Baseball rules&lt;/a&gt;, from rule 5.12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When an accident incapacitates a player or an umpire;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(A) If an accident to a runner is such as to prevent&#xA;him from proceeding to a base to which he is&#xA;entitled, as on a home run hit out of the playing&#xA;field, or an award of one or more bases, a substitute runner shall be permitted to complete the&#xA;play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T17:50:25.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25265" CreationDate="2020-10-10T05:50:38.743" Score="0" ViewCount="2906" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NYA/NYA202007310.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball-reference&lt;/a&gt; labels Adam Ottavino as 0.1 IP (innings pitched).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nRlKN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nRlKN.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, Jordan Montgomery gets 5.2 IP. What does that mean? How is this stat calculated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-10-11T03:19:20.280" Title="What does 0.1 inning mean in baseball stats?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25263" CreationDate="2020-10-10T21:33:34.357" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pitchers IP or &amp;quot;innings pitched&amp;quot; stats are recorded as the number of outs that the defense was able to generate, listed in innings, during the time when the the player is the pitcher of record.  Three outs is equivalent to one inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any partial innings are shown as the number of whole innings, plus the number of outs after a decimal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 outs = 2 innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 outs = 2.1 innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8 outs = 2.2 innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 outs = 3 innings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also common that if a pitcher starts an inning but has to leave before any outs are recorded, the inning count has a plus sign (+) next to it.  So if Smith pitches the first four innings, then faces 3 batters in the fifth without recording an out before leaving, that line could be &amp;quot;IP: 4+&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, the pitchers earned the following number of outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Montgomery: 17 outs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Green: 6 outs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ottavino: 1 out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holder: 3 outs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Total: 27 outs (9 innings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the decimal notation that is commonly used does not seem to be mentioned, the practice of recording outs as fractions of an inning is detailed in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.  9.02(c)(1) lists that the number of innings pitched is an official stat to be recorded and has the following comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 9.02(c)(1) Comment: In computing innings pitched, the Official Scorer shall count each putout as ⅓ of an inning. For example, if a starting pitcher is replaced with one out in the&#xA;sixth inning, the Official Scorer shall credit that pitcher with 5⅓ innings. If a starting pitcher is replaced with none out in the sixth inning, the Official Scorer shall credit that pitcher with 5&#xA;innings and make the notation that that pitcher faced batters in the sixth, noting the number of batters faced. If a&#xA;relief pitcher retires two batters and is replaced, the Official Scorer shall credit that pitcher with ⅔ of an inning pitched. If a relief pitcher enters a game and his team initiates a successful&#xA;appeal play that results in one out, the officer scorer shall credit such relief pitcher with ⅓ of an inning pitched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-10-11T03:19:20.280" LastActivityDate="2020-10-11T03:19:20.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24609" CreationDate="2020-10-11T17:56:03.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are numerous reasons for this orbiting movement around the ring seen in all types of fighting matches. First, fighters wish to move since being a mobile target often has the benefit of being harder to hit. Bear in mind that fighters wish to also control the ring and their opponents through this spinning in question. Whether the spinning occurs clock-wise or counter-wise is important, because it affects the fighters location in relation to the ring's boundaries; they can be outmaneuvered or pinned into the corners or perimeters. Moreover due to the fighter's chosen stance at any given moment, a clock-wise or counter-wise turn may make different openings (zones of the body) available to the fighters in order to take advantage and defeat their opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10189" LastActivityDate="2020-10-11T17:56:03.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14242" CreationDate="2020-10-13T16:22:08.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked for recorded instances of the same finishing time by more than 3 runners, and couldn't find any. As was mentioned in the comments, the race you referenced in your question was reported to 0.01 seconds. A quick online search showed that they eventually ruled based on the photo finish camera (those results can be seen in the photo you included in the question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my research, I'm fairly certain that at the 0.01 seconds scale, the instance you pointed to, 3 runners, is the most ever recorded. Another instance of this was in 2015, at the IAAF World Championships in Beijing. In the men's 100m, 3 runners, Tyson  Gay (U.S),  Asafa  Powell (JAM),  and  Jimmy  Vicaut (FRA) clocked in at 10.00 seconds (correct to 0.01s). Again, these runners were eventually ranked in fifth, sixth and seventh place respectively, based on the footage. Interestingly, at that same race Trayvon Bromell (USA) and Andre De Grasse (Canada) both came in at 9.92s. In this case, their results were declared a &amp;quot;dead heat&amp;quot;, in which a judgement cannot be made, and a tie is declared. Both were awarded the bronze medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we're looking for, as you originally wrote, &amp;quot;athletes finishing with the same time&amp;quot;, and we're really after a dead heat that's declared as such, it seems that 2 runners is the most ever recorded. Other than Bromell and De Grasse, the most well-known case of this is the Tarmoh/Felix third place tie at the USA Olympic trials women's 100m in 2012. I know you asked for international competitions, and this isn't one, but I just think it's a great example of what happens in such an event. Since they could not be declared tied (only one of them could qualify and move on to compete in the Olympic games), they were given a choice between a coin-toss and a runoff. They both agreed to a runoff, but Tarmoh ultimately decided to withdraw from the runoff, feeling that she'd been wronged by the organization, and thus gave up the spot to Felix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to read more about these cases, and more broadly about the ties in sporting events and the discipline of timing and imaging (and its limitations), I highly recommend reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0193723516672905&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jonathan Finn's article&lt;/a&gt; on the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20383" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-10-13T22:44:38.887" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T22:44:38.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-17T14:06:52.810" Score="5" ViewCount="960" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dirt on a baseball infield extends out to an arc centered on the lip of the pitching rubber (60' 6&amp;quot; from home) and has a radius of 95'. This makes the distance from home to the very edge of the arc 155' 6&amp;quot; and the distance to the edge of the dirt along the foul lines about 127'7&amp;quot;.  Why was this value of 95' chosen? Why not, say, round it up to 100'? Or make it 90' to be consistent with the basepaths? Or perhaps shrink it to about 70', which is about the minimum size needed to fit all the bases inside? 95' just seems like such an oddly specific number that there must be a reason for it. But searching the internet just gives results explaining what the dimensions are and how to construct a field; I can't find a source that explains &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; a radius of 95' was chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6211" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T14:05:55.560" Title="Why does the infield arc have a radius of 95 feet?" Tags="|baseball|history|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25275" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-18T22:11:10.083" Score="-4" ViewCount="4496" Body="&lt;p&gt;QB throws ball and lands behind line of scrimmage without being caught by either team an hits the ground&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20401" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-19T01:24:23.333" LastActivityDate="2020-10-20T15:36:16.080" Title="What happens when the QB throws the ball and it lands behind the line of scrimmage without being caught by either team?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-10-27T20:58:18.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25275" CreationDate="2020-10-19T00:39:40.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball landing beyond the line of scrimmage is irrelevant, for the most part, in this question.  The thing that is relevant is whether the pass went forwards &lt;em&gt;from the quarterback's location&lt;/em&gt;, or backwards.  The &lt;em&gt;quarterback&lt;/em&gt; must be behind the line of scrimmage, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A forward pass that hits the ground is an incomplete pass, which ends the play and no gain or loss is recorded - the next down will be at the same location as the prior down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pass that hits the ground either directly sideways from the quarterback, or behind him, is treated as a fumble, and is able to be recovered by any player on either team, at which point the ball can be advanced; once downed, the next down will begin from that location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one exception: if the quarterback &lt;em&gt;intentionally&lt;/em&gt; throws the ball into the ground, not near a receiver, it might be considered intentional grounding.  A quarterback has two exceptions that apply to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/intentional-grounding/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;intentional grounding rule&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the quarterback is outside of the tackle box (meaning, to the right of the right tackle, or the left of the left tackle, in the position they initially set up in), &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; throws the ball &lt;em&gt;beyond&lt;/em&gt; the line of scrimmage, it is not intentional grounding.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A quarterback is permitted to snap the ball and immediately throw it directly down into the ground, in order to stop the game clock (in a situation with little time left).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the quarterback is not stopping the clock, and throws the ball intentionally awry (not near a receiver), and it lands behind the line of scrimmage, then it is intentional grounding, and treated as if the quarterback had been downed at the location he threw the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-10-20T15:36:16.080" LastActivityDate="2020-10-20T15:36:16.080" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25278" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-10-19T08:45:54.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pole vaulting is a track and field event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As described in &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/track-and-field&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;track-and-field&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;track-and-field&lt;/a&gt;, pole vault competitors carry a long flexible pole which they hold at one end as they run down a lane. At the other end of the lane is a bar placed on pegs, and a small hole or trench in the ground. The vaulter must put the other end of the pole in the hole or trench; the pole will then bend, storing the vaulter's forward motion, and straighten, propelling the vaulter upwards. Then, similar to high jumping, the vaulter must pass their entire body over the bar without knocking it off the pegs. Again similar to high jumping, each vaulter gets three attempts at a given height, and the vaulter who clears the greatest height wins with ties broken first by the number of failed attempts and then by a &amp;quot;vault-off&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2020-10-27T15:11:30.040" LastActivityDate="2020-10-27T15:11:30.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25279" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-10-19T08:45:54.307" Score="0" Body="Questions about the track and field event. To use with [athletics] and/or [track-and-field]" OwnerUserId="11439" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2020-10-19T18:14:05.913" LastActivityDate="2020-10-19T18:14:05.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-20T18:36:44.430" Score="1" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find a definitive answer, but it seems like Cricket only requires the arm to completely straight when bowled and it cannot be underarm. This opens up the possibility of someone bowling a &amp;quot;submarine pitch&amp;quot; as It's essentially just sidearm while bent at the waist so that the shoulders line up with the arm. All you would need is your arm to be completely straight. You'd also be able to more accurately bowl a seam ball and achieve more spin being closer to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this legal? Or is there a law that I've overlooked governing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20370" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T22:05:40.487" Title="Does Cricket require a bowler's shoulders be at a certain level? Or just the arm to be straight?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25282" CreationDate="2020-10-20T19:15:14.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 24.3 states: &amp;quot;A ball is fairly delivered in respect to the arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or completely from that point until the ball has left the hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20408" LastActivityDate="2020-10-20T19:15:14.210" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25178" CreationDate="2020-10-21T21:52:39.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe it's helpful to explain in a different way.  Remember how the moneyline works: -150 means &amp;quot;You have to bet $150 to win $100&amp;quot;, and -160 means &amp;quot;You have to bet $160 to win $100&amp;quot;.  Both bets, though, are on a &amp;quot;straight up&amp;quot; win - the team that gets the W in the standings wins the moneyline bet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say we have a game between the Dogs and the Cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initial spread: Dogs -4 (-110/-110)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initial Moneyline: Dogs -150 / Cats +130&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, it is saying that you can:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bet $110 on either the Dogs or the Cats to win $100, with a -4 adjustment to Dogs' score&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bet $150 on Dogs to win to get $100, straight up&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bet $100 on Cats to win $130, straight up&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, let's say the Cats star player gets hit by a car and is out for the game. Clearly, the line will move in the Dogs' favor (assuming they don't withdraw the game from betting).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Updated spread: Dogs -6 (-110/-110)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Updated moneyline: Dogs -180 / Cats +150&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if you bet on the Dogs straight up, you have to put forward $180 in order to win that $100, and you get $150 for your troubles if you bet on the Cats to win straight up.  Basically, moving the moneyline further apart means you get less money from betting on the favorite, and more money from betting on the underdog, which makes sense when the spread is increasing - that means the favorite is &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; favored, and the underdog is &lt;em&gt;less&lt;/em&gt; favored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-10-21T21:52:39.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24104" CreationDate="2020-10-22T19:47:23.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One would almost never know who are more prepared while running a marathon as opposed to many other physical sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The time is long and almost anything can happen to anyone. Therefore, almost nobody is there to &amp;quot;pose&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Usually we would section it into 4-8 parts, every 5km and every 10km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first 5 to 10km is to get ahead of the crowd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first two 10km sections are usually to get it done (following the group leader(s) - in whatever group one would be running).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third 10km is a bit difficult to get ready for the final 10km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Everything is in the final 5km and 10km, and I'd say 5km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a good point &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24108/16892&quot;&gt;in this answer about injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just suspect it would be better if they ignored others and focused their attention on their own pace so that they could finish in the shortest possible time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;That has been done before while practicing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Every marathon is different, weather (temperature, humidity), roads, participants and the list goes on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16892" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-10-23T01:39:28.437" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T01:39:28.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7195" CreationDate="2020-10-22T23:13:25.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest a division has come to all of the teams having a winning record was in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2002/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; when the AFC East and West all had a non-losing record. The Jets, Patriots, Dolphins and Broncos all finished 9-7, the Bills, Chargers and Chiefs were 8-8 and the Raiders were 11-5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20412" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2020-10-30T08:02:58.313" LastActivityDate="2020-10-30T08:02:58.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25290" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25293" CreationDate="2020-10-23T04:47:11.113" Score="3" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;The last time I watched baseball was in 2012, and there has been more frequent pitching changes, especially in the post-season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nypost.com/2019/02/02/the-radical-rule-change-to-fix-mlbs-pace-of-play-problem/#:%7E:text=In%202018%2C%20teams%20set%20a,which%20%E2%80%A6%20you%20get%20the%20idea.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this NY Post article&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2018, teams set a new record by averaging a combined 8.41 pitchers&#xA;per nine-inning games, according to data provided by Major League&#xA;Baseball. That broke the previous mark of 8.20, set in 2017, which&#xA;surpassed the standard of 8.00 established in 2016, which … you get&#xA;the idea. Clubs teamed to use an average of 6.91 pitchers in 1999, and&#xA;here we are now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-10-23T17:25:03.273" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T17:25:03.273" Title="Why does there seem to be more pitching changes in recent years?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25292" CreationDate="2020-10-23T12:47:46.140" Score="0" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is which team from a prior season did really good the next season.For example: team a gets a 3-13 record and is 30th team and next season gets a really good ranking(counting the playoffs so the superbowl winner is 1st, loser is 2nd and when multiple teams have same record like losing divisional,use regular season ranking for tiebreaker.)&#xA;So which team rebouded the best(the best possible is 32nd-1st) and which team rebounded the worst(worst possible is 1st-32nd)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T16:17:38.827" Title="What team rebounded the best and worst?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25291" CreationDate="2020-10-23T16:17:38.827" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;98 to 99 Colts: 3-13 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1998/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tied for worst record in the NFL&lt;/a&gt;) to 13-3 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tied for 2nd best record in the NFL&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can take this information to determine where they finished (based on your scale).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20413" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T16:17:38.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25290" CreationDate="2020-10-23T16:48:33.483" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If by &amp;quot;recent&amp;quot; you mean &amp;quot;since 2012&amp;quot;, yes it's up, but I would say it's just a continuation of a trend that has been going continuously since the 1980s.  At least in part due to this trend, in 2020 rules were added that force a pitcher to face a minimum of three batters in most cases before eligible to be replaced.  2020 is an odd year for many reasons, and I haven't seen stats for how the changes have affected this trend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jim Albert has a blog with a nice &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballwithr.wordpress.com/2019/01/28/historical-look-at-pitcher-usage/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on historical pitcher usage.  One piece that is particularly telling is a graph of average pitchers used per game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YMmrOm.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YMmrOm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the cause, though?  Nate Silver has a piece at &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/relievers-have-broken-baseball-we-have-a-plan-to-fix-it/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;fivethirtyeight&lt;/a&gt; that points out that pitchers are more effective when they only pitch one inning.  They can exert more effort for that inning and the strikeout rate goes up.  Good for the individual pitcher and that team, but drives the arms race toward more pitchers and especially more relievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-10-23T16:48:33.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20836" CreationDate="2020-10-24T23:58:49.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened on October 24, 2020 in the college football game Middle Tennessee-Rice. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://247sports.com/Article/Quadruple-doink-missed-field-goal-costs-Rice-football-the-game-Middle-Tennessee-Blue-Raiders-153558030/Amp/?__twitter_impression=true&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/MatthewBrune_/status/1320142256871976960&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is the tweet with a video of the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20420" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-10-25T17:08:52.753" LastActivityDate="2020-10-25T17:08:52.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-26T01:16:50.513" Score="3" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;With a man on third and second, batter flies out to right and is caught for the second out. The runner on third tags up legally. The runner on second left early, right field throws to third to get the runner on second going to third. He left early they throw to second and get the third out. Does the run from third count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20425" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-10-26T02:32:50.390" LastActivityDate="2020-10-26T16:29:02.370" Title="would a run score from third with a man on second when the batter flied out and they tagged the base at second cause he left early" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25299" CreationDate="2020-10-26T16:29:02.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The run would count, so long as it was the &lt;em&gt;preceding runner&lt;/em&gt; (meaning, the one further ahead on the bases - in your case, the runner on third base).  See rule 5.09 (d) in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Effect of Preceding Runner’s Failure to Touch a Base&#xA;Unless two are out, the status of a following runner is not affected&#xA;by a preceding runner’s failure to touch or retouch a base. If, upon&#xA;appeal, the preceding runner is the third out, no runners following&#xA;him shall score. If such third out is the result of a force play, neither preceding nor following runners shall score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.08 (a) also makes this clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to&#xA;and touches first, second, third and home base before three men&#xA;are put out to end the inning.&#xA;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner ad -&#xA;vances to home base during a play in which the third out&#xA;is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first&#xA;base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to&#xA;touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the runner on &lt;em&gt;third&lt;/em&gt; base did not tag, and then &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; runners scored, then the run from the runner on 2nd would not count if the third base runner's out was the third out in the half inning. However, the &lt;em&gt;second base&lt;/em&gt; runner does not impact the &lt;em&gt;third base&lt;/em&gt; runner, unless he is forced out before the runner on third base scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-10-26T16:29:02.370" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25303" CreationDate="2020-10-26T20:57:19.630" Score="5" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, is it considered unsportsmanlike to continue scoring points at the end of a game that has clearly already been won?  Or is it generally the standard that teams continue to score points as possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e., if a basketball game is 100-80 and there are 10 seconds left on the clock, and the dominant team has a shot, do they generally take it, or do they try to stall?  There's pretty much no chance they can lose at this point, so do they take the points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't meant from a &lt;em&gt;strategic&lt;/em&gt; perspective but from a &lt;em&gt;sportsmanship&lt;/em&gt; perspective - I understand there are cases where a dominant team may play defensively because it's the smart move strategically - this is a question where the dominant team has an easy shot and can score more points without a strategic risk.  Do they generally take it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(My perspective is that the competitive nature of the game implies going for more points, as well as the effect on ranking, stats, gambling, etc..)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The inspiration for this question is from an esport where some of the gaming population frowns on scoring in the last few seconds of a game, in part because every score stops the clock temporarily for about 30 seconds as the teams reset, and it's considered a time waster and unsportsmanlike.  I'm curious if this perspective is held in other sports, or if the general rule is to keep on scoring as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand there are extreme cases, such as incredibly outmatched teams where the dominant team stops scoring out of pity, this is not that question.  And that there are cases where what seems to be a dominant lead can suddenly disappear in a matter of seconds.  This is also not that question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20429" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T06:41:49.310" Title="Ethics/commonality of sports teams scoring more points at end of a game they are clearly winning" Tags="|football|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25637" CreationDate="2020-10-26T21:14:24.283" Score="3" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;I typically do a hard flat first serve and then a slice second serve, but I'm curious to know the fundamentals behind adding &amp;quot;kick&amp;quot; to a serve for higher bounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-10-28T10:29:47.073" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T07:39:41.860" Title="How do you do a kick serve?" Tags="|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25301" CreationDate="2020-10-26T22:18:11.753" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;professional&lt;/em&gt; sport, the rule is pretty much &amp;quot;score as many as you can&amp;quot;. To take one recent example of this, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54677546&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ajax beat VVV-Venlo 13-0 in the Erdedivise (top-level Dutch soccer league) on 24th October 2020&lt;/a&gt;, including scoring in the 87th minute. In soccer, there is a good strategic reason for this as goal difference is the primary tie-breaker, and top level leagues have been settled on goal difference. Some sports may &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; frown on running up the score, perhaps most notably baseball's &amp;quot;unwritten rules&amp;quot; which are generally accepted to include &amp;quot;don't steal a base&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;don't swing on a 3-0 pitch&amp;quot; when you've got a big lead, but this doesn't stop teams scoring a ton of runs anyway, as is shown by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/mlb/recap?gameId=401226319&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Atlanta's 29-5 victory over Miami on 10th September 2020&lt;/a&gt;. Neither of these games resulted in any accusations of bad sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Amateur sport is a very different question, and it generally would be deemed to be bad sportsmanship to run up the score &amp;quot;too much&amp;quot;. NCAA football and basketball are perhaps the highest profile examples of this, where you will see teams playing their second or even third string players when they have a big lead, and very much slowing the game down rather than scoring as many points as they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-10-26T22:18:11.753" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25273" CreationDate="2020-10-29T13:01:52.797" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like @Joe said in the comments, I could not find the answer, but I believe that the infield arc has a radius of 95 ft. because it makes sense with the timing of the runner so that fielders can make good plays, but it is also a short enough distance (90 ft. base paths) that the runner can still beat out an infield hit. If it was longer, say 100+ feet as you mentioned, then it would be like having to gun a runner at third from the outfield whenever the third baseman had to throw to the first baseman. Also, if the radius was larger, then the base paths would be longer and it would be harder to get hits and XBHs. However, if they were a lot shorter, say the radius was 70 ft. as mentioned in the question, the distance between the bases would be a lot shorter, and routine ground balls would become infield hits for the faster runners. Also, I think that they (the people who created baseball) made the infield arc 95 ft. because they wanted it to be a diamond and not some other random quadrilateral. I believe that the infield arc was also made this distance for base stealers; the catcher could gun them down, but they could still be safe at least (for most) 2/3s of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20436" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T13:01:52.797" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25309" CreationDate="2020-10-31T15:21:22.843" Score="2" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Erste_Bank_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quarterfinal match in the 2020 Vienna Open&lt;/a&gt; between World No.1 Novak Djokovic and unseeded Lorenzo Sonego, Instagram and Twitter have been flooded with the comments like, &amp;quot;Novak let Lorenzo win&amp;quot; and many more on the same terms. One comment caught my attention which is &amp;quot;He just entered the tournament to stay on Rank 1 and he would better save his energy for Nitto ATP Finals &lt;em&gt;(which is scheduled later this year in London)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. However, Novak himself commented that Sonego had outplayed him yesterday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did he need to enter this current tournament in Vienna to save his position? He could have done without it, I mean he lost, so his points will be somewhat deducted, won't it be? So why come and lose, when you can entirely sit and relax and prepare for upcoming matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20441" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-11-13T06:39:45.400" LastActivityDate="2020-11-13T06:39:45.400" Title="Did Novak Djokovic just enter the Vienna Open (Erste Bank Open) to pass the time?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25308" CreationDate="2020-11-01T03:03:19.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Novak reached the quarterfinals of the Vienna Open, meaning he will receive &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/tournaments/vienna/337/overview?detailTab=points&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;90 points&lt;/a&gt;, giving him 11,830 for the year - Nadal's 9850 in second place being 1,980 points behind.  Reaching the quarterfinal was necessary to clinch first place; once he had done so, any extra points were essentially meaningless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2020/10/novak-djokovic-filip-krajinovic-vienna-open-2020-no-1-year-end-race/91564/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From this article on the clinching&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nadal can only pick up a maximum number of 2,140 points if he wins both Paris and the Nitto ATP Finals in London&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as is further explained in the article, as they both played in the ATP Finals last year, Nadal will &amp;quot;lose&amp;quot; 400 points when he plays in it this year, while Djokovic will &amp;quot;lose&amp;quot; 200 points (as he finished one round earlier than Nadal), meaning Nadal is effectively 2,180 points behind; he can only pick up 2,140 points at this point, and thus cannot win (unless he plays another tournament, which is thought unlikely - also discussed in the above article).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, Djokovic also said that he &amp;quot;did not feel like playing too much&amp;quot;, as noted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennismajors.com/news/djokovic-on-weird-day-vienna-did-not-feel-like-playing-too-much-301727.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, as a major figure in the Serbian Orthodox Church passed away on Friday (Amfilohije Radovic). It's possible this is simply explaining away his apparent lack of effort, or a legitimate reason to not have full focus in a game he certainly would have been expected to win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-11-04T12:38:08.510" LastActivityDate="2020-11-04T12:38:08.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25311" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-01T16:08:14.257" Score="3" ViewCount="608" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play football(soccer) and I've gotten a knee injury for about 4 months now and I should be fully fit by the end of the year. Will I get significantly worse when I return or will the muscle memory for the skills acquired in my training still be at the same level as it was before injury?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20446" LastActivityDate="2020-11-03T01:21:22.380" Title="Will I lose muscle memory for a sport if I've been injured for a few months?" Tags="|football|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25311" CreationDate="2020-11-03T01:21:22.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it really depends on how long you've been playing football since before the injury. Say if you have been playing for a good 6-7 years, then you should bounce back to normal in no time. You may may face issues with stamina and getting back into shape initially, but your muscle memory should stay intact. If you've started playing recently enough for a good chunk of muscle memory to be relatively new, then you may feel that you aren't able to access the same set of skills and techniques.  However with a good recovery routine and practice with growing intensity as time progresses, you should be able to get back on the pitch in no time! Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20449" LastActivityDate="2020-11-03T01:21:22.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-05T15:25:33.193" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Bouldering and Lead Climbing events at Tokyo 2020 (now 2021) will require professional routesetters to design routes for the athletes to climb. This creates the potential for those routes to be leaked to some athletes before the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of another sport where athletes could benefit so much from information being leaked before the event, so I was wondering what steps are being taken to deal with this new possible way in which countries could cheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20455" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-21T20:12:16.653" LastActivityDate="2021-06-21T20:12:16.653" Title="What measures will the Olympic Committee take to avoid route leaks in Sports Climbing?" Tags="|olympics|indoor-climbing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25182" CreationDate="2020-11-05T18:45:52.060" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid I can only provide educated guesses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In all running events the indoor athletes are handicapped by the tighter bends. 200 meter dash is hit the most because there is a huge difference between the lanes. Some events cannot be done at all. Some would benefit from having wind from some direction. Anyway, it sure makes sense to maintain separate records for such reasons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I don't know why this rule was changed. May be they determined that indoor events didn't enjoy a particular advantage in any event? Sure we may have a special indoor arena where coincidental structural feature may give something. I have heard/seen speculations of some long jumpers getting extra distance as the area near the take off board was essentially a spring board.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;About pole vault in particular. Lack of wind prevents taking advantage of a favorable wind (again giving outdoor athletes a better change at the WR), so it makes sense in a sense to include an indoor WR. But, pole vault is extremely sensitive to disturbances, and the slightest change in the wind may throw the jumper off a critical inch or two from their ideal spot. So here indoor conditions may be better because the wind is &lt;em&gt;totally predictable&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19993" LastActivityDate="2020-11-05T18:45:52.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-06T12:55:57.903" Score="7" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;My grandfather was a sound engineer at Wimbledon, and my family all remember rushing to look at the TV to see him fixing the umpire's microphone.&#xA;We're trying to find a recording of this incident, which lasted a few minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the best of our combined knowledge it was the women's final or semi-final in the late 1970's, possibly early 1980s - most likely 1978-1980.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We've found a couple of complete matches on the The Greatest Championships playlist at the official Wimbledon channel on Youtube  (1978 and 1980 womens finals, Evert/Wade semi 1977, and Navratilova/King quarter 1980) but it doesn't seem to be any of those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20458" LastActivityDate="2020-11-06T12:55:57.903" Title="In which Wimbledon womens final or semi-final (we think) late 1970s to early 1980s, did the umpire have problems with his microphone?" Tags="|tennis|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25321" CreationDate="2020-11-07T01:24:41.300" Score="1" ViewCount="510" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find any rules that makes it illegal for the runner of a triple jump to jump into the pit on their second jump. Is it illegal or is their distance simply measured from where they landed on their second jump? Is there any official rule that says they can't start their jump from inside the pit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20460" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-11-07T02:04:38.727" LastActivityDate="2020-11-07T04:33:52.623" Title="What happens if a triple jump runner makes it into the sand on the &quot;step&quot; (second jump)?" Tags="|rules|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25320" CreationDate="2020-11-07T04:33:52.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;IAAF rules require that the takeoff line be placed not less than 13 metres from the nearer edge of the landing pit (for men's competition; in women's competition it is 11 metres).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notwithstanding that the rules require a hop, a step and a jump &lt;em&gt;in that order&lt;/em&gt;, so that making two jumps would be a failure trial for the athlete, and that the men's world record is a total of just over 18 metres, actually managing to make it to the pit from the second phase, the step, would be an accomplishment in itself that any athlete who could do it may as well just win the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-11-07T04:33:52.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7197" CreationDate="2020-11-10T03:39:02.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer appears to be 12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Saints became just the third team in the past 30 years to have 12 different players catch a pass, according to the Elias Sports Bureau data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/30282885/with-deep-talented-receiving-corps-back-play-drew-brees-new-orleans-saints-stay-hot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="715" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-11-10T03:56:52.650" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T03:56:52.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25327" CreationDate="2020-11-10T04:46:08.387" Score="0" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am playing a mobile game &amp;quot;DLS2021&amp;quot; and one of its new upgrades is that when the ball touches the referee, the game stops and then the referee needs to drop the ball for the team which was possessing it before it stops in order to restart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether this rule exists in reality because I have never seen this event when watching live games, or encountered such a setting in any other game, even DLS2021's older version (e.g. DLS2016, DLS2020).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So except when the referee is on the way of the ball, are there other situations for referees to drop the ball when restarting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20406" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T08:01:45.653" Title="In what circumstances, the referees would make the ball stop and drop the ball to restart?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25326" CreationDate="2020-11-10T08:01:45.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are plenty of situations requiring a drop ball to resume play. There are two main reasons for it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A foul by a player or team official &lt;em&gt;outside&lt;/em&gt; of the pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee stops the play and the call was not caused by a rule violation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples for situations causing a drop ball:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(There may be more and&#xA;&lt;em&gt;the ball must be in play at the time of the call.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Injuries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Referee touches the ball and possession changes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Persons or animals on the pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More than one ball on the pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Breaks caused by severe weather&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee correcting a previous call (not VAR)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball hitting an object above the pitch while still inbounds, e.g. a video wall or the roof&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T08:01:45.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25328" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-10T08:35:23.060" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;My iron shaft has 2 letters S and R on it. As per my understanding S stands for “Stiff” flex and R is for “Regular” flex and only one letter is suppose to represent flex of a shaft. Why does my iron shaft have 2 letters and what could it mean?&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fMdJd.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fMdJd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;golf driver shaft&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20469" LastEditorUserId="20469" LastEditDate="2020-11-10T10:04:30.500" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T10:04:30.500" Title="Flex letters on my golf iron shaft" Tags="|equipment|terminology|golf|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25330" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-10T22:44:32.770" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;strong&gt;SEC (Southeastern Conference)&lt;/strong&gt; for NCAA football, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.secsports.com/article/11145479/sec-divisional-tie-breaker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;division tiebreaker rule&lt;/a&gt; 1.B states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. Records of the tied teams within the division;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In this context, precisely how do “records” compare?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are multiple ways I am aware of that records could be compared, and a common approach is &lt;strong&gt;Win Percentage&lt;/strong&gt;.  In the absence of ties, the formula is &lt;code&gt;Wins / # of Games&lt;/code&gt;.  This method seems to be fair when it favors a 9-0 team over a 9-1 team, or when a game is canceled under no fault of the team.  But it unfairly treats a 1-0 record the same as 10-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am speculating.  Is there any concrete evidence that this method, or any other, is used for this purpose in the tiebreaker scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20474" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T22:44:32.770" Title="How do Southeastern Conference football records compare for divisional tiebreakers?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-15T23:44:29.733" Score="0" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rational behind the I-formation in doubles tennis? What are some considerations when using this strategy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T18:08:26.007" Title="I-formation in doubles tennis" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-18T20:31:17.853" Score="5" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;As my title says all about the question, are underarm serves a fair thing in tennis? Because the reaction of Chris Garin says me otherwise when Alexander Bublik served him an &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/kazakh-tennis-player-alexander-bublik-bamboozles-opponent-with-no-look-underarm-ace-watch-2301467&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;underarm serve&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching some YouTube videos where it mentioned &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2019: Year of the Underarm Serve&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; because of (Nick) Kyrgios hitting many of them. Even this year it was fairly common during matches. Just &lt;a href=&quot;https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/16/tennis/atp-finals-daniil-medvedev-alexander-zverev-spt-intl/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;yesterday&lt;/a&gt; we saw Daniil Medvedev hitting one against Alexander(Sascha) Zverev. In his post-match interview/press-conference, he told that: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;I didn't want to disrespect him (Zverev) but my wide serve was not working as well as I would like today and he was returning it good. [...]&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to this, in February 2019, Rafa was rather &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon-2019-rafael-nadal-vs-nick-kyrgios-live-watch-underarm-serve-result-a8988861.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;enraged&lt;/a&gt; by Kyrgios's underarm serve. He commented, &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;[...] He lacks respect for the public, the rival and towards himself.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did Medvedev mention the fact that Sascha could have been disrespected because of that serve technique? Also, why did Rafa look at it like a wrong act?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20441" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2020-11-20T12:00:24.530" LastActivityDate="2021-06-29T10:02:55.367" Title="Are underarm serves fair in tennis? If so, why are they looked upon as a means of disrespect?" Tags="|rules|tennis|technique|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14181" CreationDate="2020-11-21T04:36:24.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I partially agree with you. But I think they're not allowed to because people would watch and see when they DON'T bet on themselves to win. Then of course  that would be noticed by everyone making bets and mess with the gambling world, plus it's suspicious when you don't bet on yourself. That could definitely be used as evidence in court of someone shaving points on a game or throwing it. &amp;quot;Your honor. He bet on himself every single game except this one. And this is the 1 game he lost.&amp;quot; That looks extremely suspicious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20507" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-11-21T06:17:58.470" LastActivityDate="2020-11-21T06:17:58.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-23T00:27:00.457" Score="0" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Jets vs. Chargers NFL game on 2020-11-22, LA were about to punt from their 28 yard line with 8 seconds left. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/401220238&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the punter turned and ran into his own end zone, giving NY two points&lt;/a&gt;. What was that strategy for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20511" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-11-23T09:25:30.960" LastActivityDate="2022-10-14T15:48:55.587" Title="Why would a football punter turn and run the ball into his own end zone?" Tags="|american-football|strategy|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25348" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-23T02:38:53.187" Score="0" ViewCount="1335" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see over and over that the ball is on the middle of the field and the offense sets up a tight formation which is a run up the middle.  Why not set the formation to run up the middle and run to the outside?  I see 3 or 4 yards easily when the defense is lined up for a run up the middle.  I also see many games where the offensive team loses the game because they didn't try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20513" LastActivityDate="2020-11-23T16:32:28.787" Title="Why do football teams like running up the middle?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25347" CreationDate="2020-11-23T02:53:34.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in that game the strategy was to take time off of the clock so that The Jets would have only a small amount of time to play in their case 1 play instead of 2 or 3 downs and possible Hail Mary and win the game. Giving NY only 2 points did no real damage and it ran off time off the clock.  If NY hadn't forced the safety LA would have stayed in bounds and let the time expire and game would have ended then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20513" LastActivityDate="2020-11-23T02:53:34.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25348" CreationDate="2020-11-23T03:17:16.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football teams do run outside.  Certainly if they run up the middle every single time it will be difficult!  But the problem with running outside is twofold:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The back must run much further (horizontally), giving more time for the defensive backs and other defenders to meet the ball carrier&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Running vertically allows the linemen to block more effectively. While some linemen are skilled at pulling and blocking wide, it requires more athleticism&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other note that came to me later while researching this some more: running up the middle sets up play-action passes.  You can't really set up a play action pass on a run wide - you can set up the run option that way, but not the play action pass.  Play action passes are the most efficient possible kind of play for most teams, and so they run up the middle to set them up.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballoutsiders.com/stat-analysis/2020/finding-optimal-passrun-ratio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Football Outsiders post&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that running in general is a losing proposition - as the FO post from the last paragraph notes, many teams would be better off passing a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; more than they do now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-11-23T16:32:28.787" LastActivityDate="2020-11-23T16:32:28.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25353" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-25T00:50:43.000" Score="1" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;When there's a goal to go situation and a team keeps making penalty they keep giving them halfway to the goal halfway to the goal penalty now they run out of room there at the goal line. Can the team give up points? What do they do if there's no more room left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20520" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-11-27T06:02:15.987" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T06:02:15.987" Title="NFL football goal to go situation" Tags="|american-football|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25353" CreationDate="2020-11-25T04:31:09.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In general&lt;/em&gt;, the answer is simply that they keep getting halfway.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#section-2-special-enforcement-for-penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states (14.2.1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the enforcement of a distance penalty would move the ball more than half the distance from the spot of enforcement to the offender’s goal line, the penalty shall be half the distance from the spot of enforcement to its goal line. This general rule supersedes any other general or specific enforcement of a distance penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First and goal on the 1, penalty on the defense, spot the ball on the 1/2 yard mark.  Another off-sides on the defense, spot it at the 1/4 yard mark.  Eventually a QB sneak becomes basically automatic, I'd say...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception would be if the referee deemed the action a &amp;quot;palpably unfair act&amp;quot;, which is then covered by rule 12.3.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player or substitute shall not interfere with play by any act which is palpably unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a palpably unfair act: Offender may be disqualified. The Referee, after consulting the officiating crew, enforces any such distance penalty as they consider equitable and irrespective of any other specified code penalty. The Referee may award a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team were to repeatedly commit fouls, and the referee were to deem the offending team to be doing so intentionally with malicious cause, they could make any equitable repair they chose, including allowing a score.  I can't imagine that actually happening in an actual game, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, Phillip points out there's actually a specific rule just for this, &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-fouls-to-prevent-score&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.3.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. FOULS TO PREVENT SCORE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defense shall not commit successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score: If the violation is repeated after a warning, the score involved is awarded to the offensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-11-25T17:26:44.133" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T17:26:44.133" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-26T01:19:14.247" Score="2" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Back in the day (60's, 70's and 80's) F1 cars could have assymetrical suspension setups — packers, dumpers, springs, camber, anti-roll bars etc... — which makes sense: in Imola you are mostly turning left, while in Monza you are mostly turning right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, modern F1 cars are a very different beast... for instance, just the other day I was quite suprised when Vettel said rain setups are a thing of the past! Gear ratio setups are another example, they don't exist anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, my question: do modern F1 cars still use assymetrical setups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20521" LastEditorUserId="20521" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T05:40:29.300" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T05:40:29.300" Title="Assymetrical setup in modern F1" Tags="|equipment|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25360" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-26T16:23:58.650" Score="0" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm getting ready to purchase a table tennis table.&#xA;Some of the tables have plastic edge protectors that extend anywhere from an 1/8 to 3/8 of an inch off the corners of the table.&#xA;They are angled down a bit, but it still looks like a ball could hit them.&#xA;What are the rules here?&#xA;Would that be considered in bounds if hit?&#xA;If not, is it easy to discern if a ball hits it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20526" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T01:45:43.480" Title="Table Tennis Edge Protectors" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25363" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-27T16:19:13.173" Score="0" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;As part of the pandemic season in Major League Baseball, a 3 batter rule was implemented to speed up the game. It states that each pitcher must face at least 3 batters (or finish an inning) before he can be replaced with another pitcher. So my question is, if a pitcher gets injured, say pitching to his second batter, would he be able to be replaced by someone else to face the third batter, or would some other rule come into play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20438" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2020-11-28T04:21:22.087" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T04:21:22.087" Title="Injuries in the 3 batter rule" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|injuries|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25363" CreationDate="2020-11-27T19:37:04.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, MLB has not published the 2020 rulebook yet; the newest they have available is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ub08blsefk8wkkd2oemz.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, which was before the rule change took place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What has been reported, verbatim on many sites including &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-rule-changes-for-2020-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mlb.com's article on the subject&lt;/a&gt;, is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All pitchers -- both starters and relievers -- now have to face at least three batters (or pitch until the inning is over) before they come out of a game. The only exception is an injury or illness that prevents the pitcher from being able to finish his three batters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main effect of this rule will be on specialist relievers, who are often used for only one batter to give their team a favorable matchup -- for example, a left-handed pitcher who faces only left-handed hitters, whom he is most likely to get out (often nicknamed a “LOOGY,” for “left-handed one-out guy”). There will be no more of that in 2020. The rule could also impact teams that use openers -- typical relievers who start a game to match up specifically against the top of the opposing order. Now, an opener would have to face at least three batters even if he has a bad matchup in that run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From that wording, it seems likely that the new replacement pitcher would have a new 3 batter minimum; but until they publish the offiical rulebook update it's impossible to tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did find something that &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be the 2020 official rules - they seem to be, anyway - at &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/official-rule/mlb/5-10-substitutions-and-pitching-changes-including-visits-to-the-mound/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Rules Academy&lt;/a&gt;. That just confirms the language above (in rule 5.10g):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(g) If the pitcher is replaced, the substitute pitcher shall pitch to the batter then at bat, or any substitute batter, until such batter is put out or reaches first base, or until the offensive team is put out, unless the substitute pitcher sustains injury or illness which, in the umpire-in-chief’s judgment, incapacitates him for further play as a pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The starting pitcher or any substitute pitcher is required to pitch to a minimum of three consecutive batters, including the batter then at bat (or any substitute batter), until such batters are put out or reach first base, or until the offensive team is put out, unless the starting pitcher or substitute pitcher sustains injury or illness which, in the umpire-in-chief’s judgment, incapacitates him from further play as a pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not specify any special rules for the injury replacement, so unless there are umpire notes (again, not available at the moment from what I can tell) clarifying this, I would assume the injury replacement must pitch to three batters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T19:37:04.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-28T16:38:43.420" Score="2" ViewCount="4996" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why it is considered a passing touchdown that accrues to the QB's stats, in cases when the receiver gains most of the yards.  Consider a 5 yard pass where the receiver then runs 90 more yards.  My understanding is that this is a passing touchdown, and that the QB threw a TD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't this be a variety of rushing TD instead of a passing TD, or at least its own thing &amp;quot;pass with YAC TD&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20535" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T06:27:28.747" LastActivityDate="2023-09-08T10:54:17.310" Title="Why is it a considered a passing touchdown in cases when the receiver gains most of the yards?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25369" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-29T05:50:51.840" Score="0" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;The MMA TV series &amp;quot;Kingdom&amp;quot; seems to equate MMA trainees to very troubled &amp;amp; bravado-driven characters from broken pasts.  Is this typical of MMA clubs in reality?  Or are they in reality more humble and down to earth?  Hollywood tends to amplify &amp;quot;characters&amp;quot; to create tension and conflict, and I'm wondering how much this makes up the portrayal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20539" LastEditorUserId="20539" LastEditDate="2020-11-29T06:26:41.273" LastActivityDate="2020-11-29T06:26:41.273" Title="How realistic is the MMA TV series &quot;Kingdom&quot;?" Tags="|mma|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25366" CreationDate="2020-11-29T08:06:01.470" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that it is considered a passing touchdown because it is, by definition, a touchdown that occurred on a forward pass. The receiver would still be credited with a &amp;quot;Receiving Touchdown&amp;quot; as well as the sum of the yards credited to his net total. This is simply the definition of how the respective statistics &amp;quot;Receiving Yards&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Passing Yards&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Receiving Touchdowns&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;Passing Touchdowns&amp;quot; are determined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, however, different advanced statistics that reflect what you appear to be seeking, a seemingly more proper distribution of credit on such a play. A stat like &amp;quot;Air Yards&amp;quot; for example, reflects how far downfield the Quarterback's throw traveled before caught by the receiver. This, along with Yards After the Catch or YAC, can be used to more precisely illustrate how a pass play gained its yardage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would caution however, against giving the receiver all of the credit for yards after the catch, as often an accurately thrown ball by the QB is a big part of the reason for a long gain after the completion is made. It can be interesting to look at air yards however, for often a QB can inflate his stats simply by throwing passes that are essentially elongated handoffs to skilled receivers who turn them into big plays. If it works, it is certainly a benefit to the offense, but speaks more highly of the receivers and the scheme than it does of the QB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20140" LastActivityDate="2020-11-29T08:06:01.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25366" CreationDate="2020-11-29T22:52:37.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First: &amp;quot;touchdowns scored&amp;quot; is a mostly meaningless statistic.  A receiver who picks up 80 yards on a pass but is tackled at the one yard line has done quite a lot for his team, and while that last yard would be nice, who scores that last yard isn't all that important - the hard work was getting there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.4for4.com/2020/preseason/most-predictable-quarterback-stats&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article on predictability of statistics for QBs&lt;/a&gt; for example; passing TDs/game has only a weak year to year correlation (0.42), and passing TD rate (which accounts for teams that tend to pass a lot) was even lower at 0.23.  Nearly every other passing statistic is better correlated; Yards/Attempt is 0.43 (double that of TD rate), and Passing Yards/Game is 0.66 (1.5 times that of TDs/game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Touchdown is simply an ends based statistic - like Wins in baseball (or football), it measures how the player got the positive final result.  As such, it's not an advanced statistic that's carefully crafted to show exactly how much someone contributed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Measuring the QB's contribution to passing plays is a complicated work, and several groups have attempted to do so.  ESPN has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/123701/how-is-total-qbr-calculated-we-explain-our-quarterback-rating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;helpful explainer on its QB rating statistic, QBR&lt;/a&gt;, which shows their approach.  For passes, it looks at the expected YAC for a player after a pass of a particular type (YAC on a screen is expected to be more than YAC on a deep bomb, for example), among other things, to figure out how much credit to give the receiver for the completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-11-29T22:52:37.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25376" CreationDate="2020-11-30T03:06:22.250" Score="2" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Denver Broncos had only a single completion pass while they threw 2 interceptions against the New Orleans Saints in week 12 of the 2020 season. The low completion count was due to all the Broncos quarterbacks being deemed ineligible to play the day before the match, after one of them tested positive for the Covid-19 virus, and the other 3 (including the practice squad QB) being in high contact with him. And due to the NFL protocols regarding the pandemic, the Broncos weren't able to sign a free agent quarterback and have him ready to start in time for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Broncos ended up starting a wide receiver from the practice squad as their QB, who went 1/9 for passes with 2 interceptions. This made the first NFL match in 20+ years where a team had thrown more interceptions than completions. Since the NFL/AFL merger, what are all the games that had at least one side with as many or more thrown interceptions than completions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2020-11-30T15:33:56.753" Title="NFL teams with as many or more thrown interceptions than completions in a game" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25375" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-30T05:41:20.100" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could an Olympic track star, such as Usain Bolt, see success in NFL Football, as a wide receiver or cornerback?  Would their speed translate to NFL success?  Or does olympic-gold-medal-winning sprinting speed not necessarily translate to NFL greatness?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20545" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-11-30T17:02:16.053" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T03:24:26.733" Title="Could a track superstar be successful in the NFL?" Tags="|nfl|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25374" CreationDate="2020-11-30T10:15:51.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened 15 times in total; mostly in the early days (twelve times in the 1970s, then once in the 1980s and once in the 1990s).  Many early post-merger teams didn't pass much, after all, and so when they tried sometimes it worked out poorly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A particularly fun case is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197409290buf.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1974's Jets @ Bills&lt;/a&gt; game, which featured Broadway Joe Namath for the Jets, against a Bills team featuring Joe Ferguson who led the league in attempts and passing yards just three years later.  The line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Joe Namath:   2 completions (on 18 attempts), 3 INTs&#xA;Joe Ferguson: 0 completions (on  2 attempts), 0 INTs&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can be forgiven for looking at the &amp;quot;@ Bills&amp;quot; part of that and assuming this game was played in a snowstorm; no, it was actually in the mid 60s that day, though perhaps with some wind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More impressively, some of these teams actually won their games!  See for example the match in that same year, 1974, between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197412080kan.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John Madden's Raiders and Hank Stram's Chiefs&lt;/a&gt;, a real barnburner of a game; the Raiders won, 7-6, on 181 rushing yards, 3 completions (including a TD!) and 3 interceptionss.  The Chiefs on the other hand featured the great Len Dawson, and managed 12 completions for 126 yards and 2 INTs, but unfortunately for them never broke the plane, and George Blanda's kick sailed through the uprights to seal the win for the Raiders.  This game might have been more likely to have been affected by the weather of course, at 23 degrees (wind chill 9!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197010110kan.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston Patriots at Kansas City Chiefs - October 11th, 1970&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197109260clt.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland Browns at Baltimore Colts - September 26th, 1971&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197210090oti.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oakland Raiders at Houston Oilers - October 9th, 1972&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197212100phi.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago Bears at Philadelphia Eagles - December 10th, 1972&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197409290buf.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Jets at Buffalo Bills - September 29th, 1974&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197411170cle.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pittsburgh Steelers at Cleveland Browns - November 17th, 1974&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197412080kan.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oakland Raiders at Kansas City Chiefs - December 8th, 1974&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197510190cin.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oakland Raiders at Cincinnati Bengals - October 19th, 1975&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197511090min.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Atlanta Falcons at Minnesota Vikings - November 9th, 1975&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197609190tam.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Diego Chargers at Tampa Bay Buccaneers - September 19th, 1976&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197612120chi.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Denver Broncos at Chicago Bears - December 12th, 1976&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197710230pit.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Houston Oilers at Pittsburgh Steelers - October 23rd, 1977&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198611020sdg.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kansas City Chiefs at San Diego Chargers - November 2nd, 1986&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199809200kan.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;San Diego Chargers at Kansas City Chiefs - September 20th, 1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202011290den.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New Orleans Saints at Denver Broncos - November 29th, 2020&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-11-30T15:33:56.753" LastActivityDate="2020-11-30T15:33:56.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14744" CreationDate="2020-11-30T22:46:18.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Xabi stayed with my family in Kells for 4 weeks and didn't win any medals. All he did was &amp;quot;kick-about&amp;quot; locally with friends of my son for fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20547" LastActivityDate="2020-11-30T22:46:18.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25378" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-01T23:49:35.407" Score="0" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throughout the brief era of &amp;quot;Linsanity&amp;quot;, the Knicks, then led by Carmelo Anthony and the injured Amare Stoudemire, were never serious contenders for the NBA title. Yet, there was real excitement in cheering for an underdog that was Jeremy Lin -- a NBA walk-on who also never received a Division I college basketball scholarship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a business point of view, then, it seemed logical for the Knicks to have traded Carmelo Anthony away, and to preserve the explosive popularity of Jeremy Lin, for as long as it would last -- to optimize revenue for the Knicks, and for the league in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although my premise for this question could be flawed, what could've been the reasons for not riding out a huge revenue maximizer that was Jeremy Lin, for, say, two or three years, maybe even longer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20545" LastEditorUserId="20545" LastEditDate="2020-12-02T01:24:41.863" LastActivityDate="2020-12-02T06:27:53.877" Title="From a business point of view, what are some possible reasons that the Knicks didn't do more to keep Jeremy Lin through the Linsanity era?" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25378" CreationDate="2020-12-02T06:27:53.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you note, your premise is flawed.  The Knicks did maximize their revenue relative to Jeremy Lin, at least as far as I can tell - not knowing what would've happened had he stayed in New York, anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, Lin was a Restricted Free Agent, and Houston, who was an &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; popular team in China due to fellow Chinese player&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Yao Ming, chose to sign Lin to a &amp;quot;poison pill&amp;quot; contract.  The contract they offered was $25 million for 3 years, heavily backloaded - $5M for the first two years, and $15M for the third.  New York already had an extremely high payroll at that time, and so would have paid a huge amount in luxury tax as a result of signing him.  Further, he was a player who had success over a very small sample size - 26 games over one year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it turns out, New York made a (surprisingly, for them) good move in not matching the contract Houston offered.  Lin proceeded to become a role player at best, only showing periodically small bursts of his 2011-2012 ability, during the Houston contract.  His popularity waned with his failure to succeed, and his jersey sales plummeted after the initial burst after signing with Houston.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Brooklyn Nets seemingly tried what you suggested; after a barely over replacement level year in Charlotte, for some reason they offered him $35m over 3 years.  I didn't see him on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.foxsports.com/nba/gallery/best-selling-nba-jerseys-2016-17-lebron-james-stephen-curry-kevin-durant-cleveland-cavaliers-golden-state-warriors-012417&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016-2017 jersey sales top lists&lt;/a&gt;, and he didn't produce much of anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm also not so sure why you think the Knicks could have, or should have, traded Carmelo Anthony.  He was making $20m/year then, and was one of the most explosive players in the game - except that he had a history of burning coaches, and he was coming off his worst year in a while, making him harder to trade than usual.  His jersey sales were incredible every year - go back to that 2016 list, he came in at #15, and that was typical if maybe even low for him for most years in that era.  Anthony's popularity, and skill, far exceeded Lin's, except in a very short period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lin signing in Houston was probably the Pareto optimal result, to borrow an economics term; he signed with a team very popular in China, and so his 2012 Houston jersey sold like hotcakes.  Houston made a lot of money, and the Knicks avoided sinking $25m (plus more from luxury taxes) into a player that was worth maybe half of that, and would quickly dwindle in popularity once it was clear he was a flash in the pan, and no more than a role player going forward.  (And, all in all, he did okay for himself ultimately - winning a championship with Toronto, and banking $65MM.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Yes, Lin is Taiwanese, but that did not particularly limit his popularity in mainland China, which considers Taiwain to be a part of China in any event.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-02T06:27:53.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25383" CreationDate="2020-12-02T20:31:47.983" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because of the pandemic, MLB (major league baseball) adopted a new format where instead of the regular 10 teams (6 division leaders and 4 wild cards) make the playoffs, 16 teams made the playoffs. (6 division leaders, 6 2nd place finishers, 1 in each division, and 4 wild cards)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the pandemic shortened season this year (2020) 2 teams (the Astros and Brewers) both finished with sub-.500 records at 29 wins and 31 losses. So my question is the following: If the 2020 playoff format were to continue for the following seasons, what is the odds of a sub-500 team making the playoffs? This year it was 2/30, but if 15 teams are above a .500 win percentage, then the odds of a sub .500 team making it would be 1/30. Is this correct, or is there some other factor that influences the probability of sub-.500 teams making it into the postseason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20438" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-12-02T21:56:15.213" LastActivityDate="2021-01-02T03:04:25.333" Title="Based on the pandemic-shortened playoff format for the MLB, what are the odds that a losing team would make the playoffs?" Tags="|mlb|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25382" CreationDate="2020-12-03T01:07:24.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the moment I'm going to correct a few of your assumptions, and then put some numbers to the page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The odds of (a team with a record under .500 making the playoffs) | (sixteen teams out of thirty make the playoffs) is not 2/30, or 1/30.  2/30 is the proportion of (teams with losing records who made the playoffs) out of (all teams), but it's not at all an interesting statistic - 2/16 would be more interesting (of the playoff teams, two had a losing record), but still wouldn't be the &amp;quot;chance&amp;quot; of a team with a losing record making the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Calculating the chance of a team with a losing record making the playoffs is pretty hard to do well, because it's not a &amp;quot;random&amp;quot; event like a die roll.  Ideally you would create a model that took into account all of the possible variables that impact team records, and simulate a bunch of seasons.  There are places that do that, for other reason (ZIPs projections and such), and it's possible that data is available somewhere - I'll look.  It's also probably worth passing FanGraphs this question via Twitter, and seeing if they have this number already!  There are some simulation programs out there that may or may not be particularly accurate, but they might be useful enough to give an interesting result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The easier way to do this is probably to look at the last thirty or forty years and see what happened retrospectively.  This won't be perfect; some teams who might've been competitive, but weren't going to make the playoffs under the old rules, might have thrown in the towel (see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Chicago_White_Sox_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997 White Sox&lt;/a&gt; as a good example - they finished 80-81, and not only would've played game 162 if it had mattered for playoffs, but almost certainly don't trade Wilson Alvarez and Roberto Hernandez to the Giants if they'd been a playoff team at the time of that trade).  But at least we could find out what the general distribution was, and then determine from that what the probability in 2021 would be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to give you an idea, though, from the distribution mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.philbirnbaum.com/2013/04/a-breakdown-of-luck-in-mlb-season.html#:%7E:text=You%20can%20calculate%20that%20the,a%20standard%20deviation%20of%206.36.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, and then doing a bunch of simulations of my own, just over 42% of the time the bottom seed had 80 or fewer wins.  That's not going to be nearly as accurate as a real simulation, but it's probably reasonably close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sGyxQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sGyxQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;Histogram of wins for lowest win seed in 1000 simulations&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going back through the last 20 or so years of actual results, in 17 of the 22 years from 1998 to 2019 (since the last expansion team was added), the 8th seed in each league had about a 50/50 shot of being below .500 (80 or fewer wins); 11 teams in the AL and 10 teams in the NL over that period of time were below .500.  Overall, 17 of the 22 years had at least one team below .500 make the playoffs between the two leagues.  The most extreme was the 2013 Padres (76-86).  In 2008, the LA Dodgers &lt;em&gt;made&lt;/em&gt; the playoffs as the 8th best team in their league, by virtue of winning the mediocre NL West with an 84-78 record.  In 2017, the only teams above .500 in the AL were the five playoff teams; 3 teams followed them with identical 80-82 records.  Do note in about half of the years here, the Astros were still in the NL, leading to an imbalance in teams (16 NL / 14 AL), but it doesn't seem to affect things too much (in part because of the dominance of the AL during much of this time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to your question is either, around a 40-50% chance (if you believe my random simulation), or a 75% chance (based on recent history), or, most likely, something in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-12-03T02:56:20.283" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T02:56:20.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25375" CreationDate="2020-12-03T03:24:26.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Track stars have been successful in the NFL in the past, but not necessarily &lt;em&gt;pure&lt;/em&gt; track stars.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hayes&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bullet Bob Hayes&lt;/a&gt;, for example, won two gold medals in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics (one individual, one relay) and tied or set world records in both events; he then went on to have a long NFL career as a wide receiver, primarily with the Dallas Cowboys, and was inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Thorpe&lt;/a&gt; won gold medals in the Pentathalon and Decathalon in the 1912 Stockholm Olypmics, and then went on to a career in the NFL and other sports, being part of the inaugural Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 1965 as a result.  Several other current and former NFL players had track backgrounds, either at the college or occasionally Olympic levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What they have in common, though, is that they &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; played football in college.  Hayes played for Florida A&amp;amp;M, and excelled, and Thorpe was a star player on the Carlisle football team.  No track star has gone on to have a meaningful NFL career &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; prior football experience, although some have had only limited experience; more common of a transition has been basketball players, where several of the great tight ends of recent history have come from basketball - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gates#College_career&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Antonio Gates&lt;/a&gt; for example played only basketball in college (though he had football experience from high school).  A player like Usain Bolt would have challenges learning the different skills in football that are more complex than simply running fast, having zero football background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest direct comparison to what you suggest is probably &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Hines&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jim Hines&lt;/a&gt;, who won gold in the 100M in 1968 Mexico City Olympics.  He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the sixth round that year, and appeared in all of eleven games from 1969 to 1970, due to his lack of football skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, the &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; comparison is to Usain Bolt himself, who did join a football team for a while - not American football, of course, but the Soccer variety.  That &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/01/22/usain-bolt-retires-soccer-australia&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;failed miserably&lt;/a&gt; for similar reasons; he is a very, very fast man, but instincts and strategy can't be learned in a short period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T03:24:26.733" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-03T07:55:34.660" Score="0" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the New York Times article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/10/sports/tennis/jennifer-brady-us-open.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;A Deep U.S. Open Run Becomes a Pitch For College Tennis&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; which says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the major disadvantages of college tennis is that the N.C.A.A. limits how much time coaches can spend with players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are these limits, when were these limits instituted, and what is the rationale for these limits?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13995" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T14:04:20.050" Title="Why does the NCAA limit how much time coaches can spend with players?" Tags="|rules|tennis|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25385" CreationDate="2020-12-03T14:04:20.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;[ This is obviously a somewhat cynical answer ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what is the rationale for these limits?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the NCAA wishes to maintain the farce that college athletes are amateurs. If they spent unlimited time with their coaches, it would be clear that was in fact their primary occupation and it would be much harder for the NCAA to justify not paying them. By ensuring that the &amp;quot;student-athletes&amp;quot; spend more time on what are nominally learning activities than what are nominally sporting activities, the NCAA successfully protects its business model.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For tennis players, this probably wouldn't matter much as they don't bring in any significant income, but if the NCAA allowed unlimited time for tennis players, there would be no justification for not allowing it for football and basketball players as well, and that &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; cause problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T14:04:20.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25388" CreationDate="2020-12-03T19:54:19.677" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Group A of the &lt;em&gt;UEFA Europa League 2020/21&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0263-10f302c79405-652d720efe6e-1000--four-teams-through-to-last-32/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;already qualified&lt;/a&gt;, but my question is &lt;strong&gt;WHY&lt;/strong&gt;? Look at the table after 4 played rounds:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/apRQk.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/apRQk.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; has now &lt;em&gt;10 points&lt;/em&gt;. When &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; loses the other two games versus &lt;em&gt;BSC Young Boys&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;CSKA-Sofia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Roma&lt;/em&gt; remains on this &lt;em&gt;10 points&lt;/em&gt;. If &lt;em&gt;BSC Young Boys&lt;/em&gt; as mentioned above wins agains &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; and loss the last game versus CRF Cluj, &lt;em&gt;BSC Young Boys&lt;/em&gt; remains also on &lt;em&gt;10 points&lt;/em&gt;. Now, if &lt;em&gt;CRF Cluj&lt;/em&gt; wins both games (versus &lt;em&gt;CSKA-Sofia&lt;/em&gt; and versus &lt;em&gt;BSC Young Boys&lt;/em&gt;, mentioned above), then they also have &lt;em&gt;10 points&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So three teams (&lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;BSC Young Boys&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;CRF Cluj&lt;/em&gt;) have 10 points, but why is &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; already &lt;em&gt;qualified&lt;/em&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;round of 32&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;after 4 rounds&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can't be because of the good &lt;strong&gt;goal difference&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt;, because that can change in the last two games (many goals against and the other teams score a lot of goals).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does it depends on the direct duels?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &lt;em&gt;AS Roma&lt;/em&gt; won both games against &lt;em&gt;CRF Cluj&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19871" LastEditorUserId="19871" LastEditDate="2020-12-03T21:39:39.803" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T21:39:39.803" Title="Why is AS Roma already qualified of the round of 32 after 4 played rounds?" Tags="|rules|football|qualifying|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25387" CreationDate="2020-12-03T20:15:19.180" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;CSKA-Sofia can reach a maximum of 7 points, they cannot qualify in the hypothetical situation given. Changing it so they did would require Young Boys or CFR Cluj to miss points, so AS Roma is still assured of qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the remaining teams all reach exactly ten points, tiebreakers effectively remove all matches involving CSKA-Sofia from the table, then recalculate the standings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leaves the following table, under the assumption that all further games are won by scores of 1-0 (this does not change the overall result, but simplifies the goals for/against/difference calculation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CS Roma, 9 points, +9 -3 = +6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Young Boys, 4 points, +3 -4 = -1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CFR Cluj, 4 points, +3 -8 = -5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, even in the worst case where Roma loses their remaining games and the other teams get the best possible outcomes, AS Roma is qualified first in the group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-03T20:35:07.393" LastActivityDate="2020-12-03T20:35:07.393" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-04T17:38:46.580" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following screenshot shows the Maitland-Niles pass to Pepe during the 4-1 Arsenal win over Rapid Wein in the Europa League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WXH9h.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WXH9h.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arsenal are in blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maitland-Niles is furthest to the the left in blue and is closest to the goal line. He has passed the ball to Pepe second in from the left in blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To confirm, Pepe never connected to the ball at any point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20565" LastEditorUserId="20565" LastEditDate="2020-12-04T20:41:14.727" LastActivityDate="2020-12-04T20:41:14.727" Title="Arsenal - Rapid Wein. Why wasn't this offside?" Tags="|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2020-12-04T21:13:05.210" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25391" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-05T11:38:33.343" Score="6" ViewCount="828" Body="&lt;p&gt;In order for times set in a road race to be eligible for a world record, the course needs to satisfy some rules, two of which are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The start and finish points of a course, measured&#xA;along a theoretical straight line between them, shall&#xA;not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The overall decrease in elevation between the start&#xA;and finish shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1 m per km&#xA;(0.1%).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See rules 31.21.2 and 31.21.3 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=92f305d9-7a0f-443e-b5ea-17b5dd64b5b7.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=C1.1%20-%20Competition%20Rules&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The purpose of these rules are to avoid athletes getting a world record time by being aided by an overall downhill course or having a constant tailwind in a point-to-point course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitioninfo/d76aaabe-d4b3-40c1-9b33-75554a7a2300.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this document&lt;/a&gt; there is a list of marathons and half marathons around their world, alongside with an indication as to whether or not they satisfy the downhill/separation rule. I noticed that the Edinburgh Half Marathon is included as compliant with the rule (and therefore a theoretical world record set on this race would be valid). However, if we look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.edinburghmarathon.com/events/half-marathon/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;race information page&lt;/a&gt;, specifically the elevation profile, we see that it drops from about 90 m to 10 m, i.e. about an 80 m drop, which is far higher than the 21 m maximum permitted for a half marathon (1/1000 of 21 km).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plotting the start and finish points on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Potterrow,+Edinburgh/Pinkie+playing+fields,+Linkfield+Road,+Musselburgh/@55.9429302,-3.0463267,15.66z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x4887c78488e7306b:0xf64a62af95b90566!2m2!1d-3.1870873!2d55.945794!1m5!1m1!1s0x4887bb358beb988f:0x1eed401a2be57caf!2m2!1d-3.0410658!2d55.9435835!3e2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google Maps&lt;/a&gt;, we come to a similar conclusion about the elevation drop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: &lt;strong&gt;Despite all this, why is the Edinburgh Half Marathon still considered Rule 31.21 compliant?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also want to note that World Athletics' list has been updated this year and the couse has been unchanged for several years, and is set to remain unchanged for the 2021 edition of the race (this year's edition was cancelled due to COVID-19).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another surprising fact is that the Edinburgh Marathon – which takes place on the same day and has the same start and finish points – is not even included on World Athletics' list, neither as compliant or non-compliant with the rule. The elevation drop of ~80 m is still too much for a marathon, put proportionally less than the half marathon since the course length it is double the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, when looking at the route map on the race information page, it may also give the illusion that the half marathon violates the 50% separation rule since the course heads mostly eastwards. However, by using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://support.google.com/maps/answer/1628031?co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;measure distance&lt;/a&gt; tool in Google Maps, we find that the straight line distance is about 9 km – so it is safe by about 1.5 km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up until now, the times set in the Edinburgh Marathon and Half Marathon do not come close to the world records and it seems very unlikely that a world record will be attempted in Edinburgh in the near future. However, the course being world record eligible can influence non-professional runners who are considering running it as a PB attempt, since it means that whatever time they achieve is &amp;quot;valid&amp;quot; as a PB (compared to, say, a race going from the top of a 2000 m mountain pass to sea level, which would be considered &amp;quot;cheating&amp;quot; since the massive elevation drop will probably make everyone several minutes faster).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20567" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T18:06:45.887" Title="Why is the Edinburgh Half Marathon world record eligible?" Tags="|rules|running|road-running|half-marathon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25394" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25402" CreationDate="2020-12-06T02:18:50.807" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened a few minutes ago in the LSU vs Alabama football game. The LSU runner was going down the field and dropped the ball just short of the end zone. I know that if the ball went out of bounds at the 1 yd line, it would be LSU ball at the 1. And if it went out of bounds in the end zone, it would be a touchback for Alabama. But the ball landed in bounds in the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The play was not reviewed but I’m wondering what the ruling would have been since the play shouldn’t have been called dead.&#xA;Link to the play &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/KDPomp/status/1335406442648629248?s=20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/KDPomp/status/1335406442648629248?s=20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20574" LastActivityDate="2020-12-07T03:42:12.437" Title="What happens when a play is accidentally awarded a touchdown?" Tags="|rules|american-football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25397" CreationDate="2020-12-06T14:01:00.783" Score="0" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;See this video:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/rpPCjyVfQOo?start=104&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did Shubman Gill get dismissed if the bails didn't fall in Hawk-Eye?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20575" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-12-06T16:40:44.477" LastActivityDate="2020-12-06T19:07:23.557" Title="How did Shubman Gill get dismissed if the bails didn't fall in Hawk-Eye?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25396" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-06T14:31:12.767" Score="1" ViewCount="511" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a difficult table situation where the player cannot easily get the white to a safe area, typically stuck in the pack of reds, potting the white in an attempt to escape often results in a good outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is doing this &lt;em&gt;deliberately&lt;/em&gt; against any rule, or is choosing to take the penalty points a legitimate shot in order to get the white back at the other end of the table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T18:23:31.563" Title="Is it allowed to deliberately go &quot;in-off&quot; in snooker?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25395" CreationDate="2020-12-06T19:07:23.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gill was initially given out by the umpire. The UDRS indicates the expected path of the ball toward the wicket, and if this is within a margin of error, the decision is too close for it to make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the decision is left for the on-field umpire, and usually unchanged, as shown by the text&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wicket&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Umpire's Call&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-12-06T19:07:23.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25401" CreationDate="2020-12-07T02:55:27.917" Score="2" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in enforcement if the holding penalty happened after and not before a pass? This is NFL if it makes a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20574" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T20:35:25.777" Title="Why does the official say “prior to the pass” or “after the pass” when calling a defensive holding?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25400" CreationDate="2020-12-07T03:34:59.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.  Most defensive fouls on eligible receivers, most commonly &amp;quot;illegal contact&amp;quot;, are only penalized &lt;em&gt;prior&lt;/em&gt; to the pass being thrown.  From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#section-4-legal-and-illegal-contact-with-eligible-receivers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules 2020, 8.4.7:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the quarterback or the receiver of the snap demonstrates no further intention to pass the ball (i.e., hands off or pitches the ball to another player, throws a forward or backward pass, loses possession of the ball by a muff that touches the ground or a fumble, or if he is tackled) the restrictions on the defensive team prohibiting illegal contact, or an illegal cut block, against an eligible receiver will end, and a defensive player is permitted to use his hands, arms, or body to push, pull, or ward off an offensive receiver, pursuant to Rule 12, Section 1, Article 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Illegal contact, further, is not penalized if the quarterback leaves the pocket, though defensive holding still is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the quarterback leaves the pocket area with the ball in his possession, the restrictions on illegal contact and an illegal cut block both end, but the restriction on defensive holding remains in effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, Defensive Holding is &amp;quot;prior to the pass&amp;quot;, and Illegal Contact is &amp;quot;prior to the quarterback leaving the pocket&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;prior to the pass&amp;quot; depending on if the quarterback left the pocket or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, neither foul actually requires a pass being thrown; it is very common for a sack or a scramble to occur on plays which have a defensive holding or illegal contact play being called.  It simply requires it being legal for the quarterback to pass, and that he did not clearly abandon passing by his actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if it's technically possible to have defensive holding &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the ball is thrown (except on an interception), but if it were it would have a very different set of rules; most of the cases that would qualify as defensive holding prior to the pass being thrown are either legal or become (the usually more serious) defensive pass interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-07T03:34:59.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25394" CreationDate="2020-12-07T03:42:12.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on exactly what is overturned, but in various leagues and conferences replay typically has a specified set of things that can be overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a fumble, the general rule is that if there is &amp;quot;clear recovery&amp;quot;, including &amp;quot;recovery&amp;quot; by the out of bounds line, then the ball is given to the team that would have recovered it; but if there is not clear recovery, i.e. the ball was blown dead and it is unclear to the replay official who would have recovered it, the call is not usually overturned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the 2019 NCAA Football coaches manual, they mention this for fumble recovery:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d. Loose ball ruled dead (Rule 4-1-2-b-2), or live ball ruled dead in possession of a ball carrier, when the clear recovery of a loose ball occurs in the immediate continuing football action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball is ruled dead and the replay official does not have indisputable video evidence as to&#xA;which team recovers, the dead-ball ruling stands.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, from other comments on Twitter it looks like an LSU player actually recovered the ball prior to it going out of bounds, so LSU would have been given the ball at the point where they picked it up and not been permitted to advance it; however, given they would have picked it up off of the goal line, it would have been ruled a touchdown anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-07T03:42:12.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25405" CreationDate="2020-12-07T12:54:03.547" Score="3" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;On December 6, 2020 at 4:30pm, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012060gnb.htm#all_pbp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Green Bay Packers played a most riveting contest with the Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On one play where Green Bay was in possession, Aaron Rodgers (the Green Bay QB) was scrambling behind the line of scrimmage.  Flushed out, he ran toward the flats of the left sideline.  Before he could get to the line of scrimmage, he saw that he would not be able to get past two linebackers.  Rodgers chose to slide, about a yard short of the line of scrimmage. I believe the play was in the 2nd or 3rd quarter and close to midfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jim Nantz remarked, 'that will go as a sack'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since no-one had touched Rodgers on the play, will anyone be awarded a sack?  Will the two linebackers being in closest proximity each be awarded a half sack?  Or does no one get the sack on this play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-12-08T09:21:49.037" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T09:23:03.857" Title="Who is awarded the sack when a player is not actually tackled?" Tags="|rules|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25404" CreationDate="2020-12-07T20:53:02.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The play which most closely matches what you're describing is that at 3:12 in the 2nd. It is possible that, at the time, no specific player was awarded the sack, and they later changed it.  Here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012060gnb.htm#all_pbp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Play-by-play&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Q&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Time&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Down&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Dist&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Yard&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Play&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3:12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;PHI 45&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Aaron Rodgers sacked by T.J. Edwards for no gain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Guide for Statisticians&lt;/a&gt;, we have the following bits about sacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, as to whether a QB scrambling should be considered a sack, from page 17:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a quarterback rolls out, or a player other than the quarterback handles the ball on&#xA;an option play, and with the ball in his throwing hand looks directly at an eligible receiver&#xA;running a route, before being tackled or stepping out of bounds behind or at the statistical&#xA;line of scrimmage, it shall be scored as a sack and any yards lost attempting to pass. If&#xA;the player tucks the ball away without looking at a receiver, or lifts his arm as if to throw on&#xA;an apparent designed rushing play (i.e., receivers blocking downfield or not looking back)&#xA;in order to deceive the defense, the play shall be considered a rushing play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, as long as Rodgers was considering throwing at some point (and wasn't playing it, Taysom Hill style, as a direct run), it is a sack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to who it would be credited to, read further on - section 2 under &amp;quot;Sacks (Defensive)&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the player making an apparent attempt to pass steps out of bounds at or behind the&#xA;statistical line of scrimmage in order to avoid imminent contact with a defensive player, credit that defensive player with a sack. If the potential passer steps out of bounds&#xA;without the pressure of such imminent contact, no sack is credited to any individual&#xA;defensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't the identical situation, but it's clearly intended the same.  As such, in the case you describe, Rodgers slides to avoid being tackled by someone - and as such, he is considered sacked by that someone (presumably T.J. Edwards).  The scorer could have assigned it to both players, but apparently chose not to - that is up to their discretion.  It also could potentially change at some point for a variety of reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had he simply ran out of bounds (to stop the clock, for example), it would have been a &amp;quot;team&amp;quot; sack, and would have counted for a Sack (to the team stats, on both sides) but not been credited to any one player - though in my experience they usually &lt;em&gt;try&lt;/em&gt; to credit it to someone if they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-12-08T09:23:03.857" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T09:23:03.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25410" CreationDate="2020-12-08T11:37:08.430" Score="1" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;On week 13 of the 2020 NFL season, because of strict COVID-19 restrictions in their home county of Santa Clara, the San Fransisco 49ers played the Buffalo Bills at the State Farm Stadium in Arizona, home of the Cardinals, and will also play their next &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; game against the Washington Football Team there too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there been previous occasions where a regular-season or post-season game (excluding the Super Bowl) has been played at a neutral venue because of particular circumstances that prevent the game being played at the home team's stadium?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T12:19:55.160" Title="Have NFL games been played at neutral venues before?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25409" CreationDate="2020-12-08T12:19:55.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest parallel in recent times is the Saints splitting their 2005 home games between LSU's Tiger Stadium and the Alamodome after Hurricane Katrina damaged the Superdome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(They also played their first &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; game against the Giants in Giants Stadium, which probably doesn't count as a neutral venue)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T12:19:55.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25415" CreationDate="2020-12-08T20:21:05.753" Score="4" ViewCount="1605" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was hearing one of Pele's declarations stating Maradona couldn't score goals with his right foot. I thought he was talking in general, but then I started to think about goals made by him with his right foot and I couldn't remember any. I made a little research about this and I couldn't find any goal scored by him with his right foot, even though I clearly didn't watch all 300+ goals he made in his career (I'm not sure if all of them were recorded on TV by the way).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also remembered he used to kick the ball to the center of the field with his left foot even when he was in the right side of the field, giving the pass with a &amp;quot;Rabona&amp;quot; instead of with his right foot, because he was too much of a left-footed player. So, did he ever score a goal with his right foot, or did he never score one this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2022-12-16T18:14:46.397" LastActivityDate="2023-08-04T03:39:09.147" Title="Did Maradona ever score a goal with his right foot?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25413" CreationDate="2020-12-09T03:38:30.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maradona scored with his right foot in 1993 for Newell's Old Boys in a friendly game against Emelec (at 7:18 in the video below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/MDzDKi8-wp4?start=438&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find official statistics, but some &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.discogs.com/group/thread/541302&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;questionable sources&lt;/a&gt; include this breakdown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;320 with his left foot,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;26 with his head,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;6 with his right foot and&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1 with his left hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T03:38:30.137" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25261" CreationDate="2020-12-09T05:35:27.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary:&lt;/strong&gt; In table tennis, going to an odd number is part of removing serve advantage. For badminton and squash, the earliest rationales are probably lost to history, but they both started from a scoring system documented as early as 1872. Otherwise, this seems to be an old tradition not limited to racket sports, though their stability probably helped maintain the tradition to the present day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After way too much research into this, I've convinced myself that scoring to an odd number is a very old tradition not limited to racket sports. In fact, occurrences of this tradition already appear in Charles Cotton's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=FupmAAAAcAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Compleat Gamester&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (1674) which &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Compleat_Gamester&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; is &amp;quot;one of the earliest known English language games compendia.&amp;quot; He describes the scoring of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trucco&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trucks&lt;/a&gt;, a billiards variant (pg. 41):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Game because it is sooner up than Billiards, is Nine, and sometimes Fifteen, or indeed as many, or as few as you please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the card game &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Fours&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;All Fours&lt;/a&gt; (pg. 111):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This Game I conceive is called &lt;em&gt;All-fours&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;Highest&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Lowest&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Jack&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Game&lt;/em&gt;, which is the Set as some play it, but you may make from seven to fifteen, or more if you please, but commonly eleven.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that isn't enough, I also found too many sources from 19th century England to list. Notably 11, 15, and 21 are incredibly common, 9 a bit less, and other numbers are rare or non-existant. To convince yourself, search Google Books for &lt;em&gt;racquets&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;rackets&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;fives&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;quoits&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;quoiting&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;bowls&lt;/em&gt; and less frequently, &lt;em&gt;shuffleboard&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;shovelboard&lt;/em&gt;). I did notice though that the older the source, the more it tended to either leave out the game score or say it should be agreed in advance. With the tradition established, I'll now take a closer look at the mentioned racket sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern table tennis, scoring up to 11 means a deuce occurs at 10-10. Service alternates every two points and noting that table tennis is point-a-rally, this means that once deuce is reached, each player has served an equal number of times. Service then proceeds to alternate every point with a win-by-two rule, continuing to ensure each player will get an equal number of serves by the end of the game. Therefore, scoring up to an odd number is a part of ensuring that in each game, serve advantage is effectively factored out. Under the pre-2001 system of alternating service every 5 points, the same could be achieved with games up to 11, 16, 21, 26, etc., with 21 being the chosen number possibly due to already established tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In squash and badminton, the server is the player who won the last rally, so there is no similar gameplay rationale. While the original rationale for their scoring systems is probably lost to history, they do in fact have a common origin. This is probably close-court &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackets_(sport)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;racquets&lt;/a&gt;, which is a precursor to squash. Only the server could win points (or &amp;quot;aces&amp;quot;), with the scoring system described in &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=XT4CAAAAQAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Book of Racquets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (John Ringwood Atkins, 1872) pgs. 44-45:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have already seen that the open-court game is made with eleven aces; that of the close-court counts fifteen aces. If both players get &amp;quot;thirteen all,&amp;quot; the game may be &amp;quot;set&amp;quot; at five aces, or in other words, five additional aces may be added to the score; but if they both reach &amp;quot;fourteen all,&amp;quot; then the &amp;quot;set&amp;quot; is usually three aces only. But the &amp;quot;set&amp;quot; is optional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the US, this system was maintained in squash for a while, though switching to point-a-rally in 1911 according to &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=CMynfIb2jMYC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Squash: A History of the Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (James Zug, 2007) pg. 30. Outside North America, squash &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.squashplayer.co.uk/history_of_squash.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dropped to 9 points in 1926&lt;/a&gt; with only the server eligible to win points (a better reference for this might be in pgs. 39-40 of Zug's book, but those pages aren't free to preview).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In badminton, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/1873_Muree-Simla.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the earliest available rules&lt;/a&gt; from 1873 also uses this exact system. Given the timeline and the rules being written by English servicemen stationed in India, it's highly likely they simply borrowed the system from the racquets/squash played back home. In 1907, the women's singles game &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/documents/rules1907.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dropped to 11 points&lt;/a&gt;. All that said, a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbadminton.com/text/history.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;now lost booklet&lt;/a&gt; entitled &amp;quot;Badminton Battledore - a new game&amp;quot; was published in 1860, so we can't entirely rule out badminton as the source of this scoring system. It would seem unlikely though that the better established racquets would need to borrow a system from the newly developing badminton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point and due to its popularity, I'm also going to include volleyball to strengthen the tradition argument, though I can't really find anything too informative. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#History&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Per Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, after a brief period of initially being played by baseball-style inning, it was played up to 21 points, dropping to 15 in 1917.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Best I can tell, after squash's 1926 change, none of table tennis, squash, badminton and volleyball then made any major changes to their scoring systems until the late 90s/early 2000s, when they all did with the aim of making the sports more spectator and TV friendly. This makes for 7 decades of these sports being consistently played up to 9, 11, 15 or 21 points. While the original reasons may be obscure (with partial exception of table tennis), I would argue that this has solidified the already existing tradition, though I could not find actual documentation of any specific rationale about the specific numbers chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20588" LastEditorUserId="20588" LastEditDate="2020-12-09T06:52:59.757" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T06:52:59.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-10T19:47:34.813" Score="1" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;If teams from the same country or group cant be draw together, so what if the last two teams available are from the same country or group? Do they redraw it? As far as I know, they move on to the next team, but what if there isn't any available?&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tw7IZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tw7IZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do we do in this situation? Real Madrid and Atletico are the only options left, but they are from the same country&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20595" LastEditorUserId="20595" LastEditDate="2020-12-10T20:32:49.287" LastActivityDate="2020-12-15T09:57:17.193" Title="What happens if the last two teams from the UCL pot are draw together in the round of 16, but they are from the same country/group?" Tags="|football|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25419" CreationDate="2020-12-10T20:31:05.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Round of 16 draw is not like any other draw you might know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The draw will be held as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Every group winner has a dedicated bowl containing 8 balls with their name in it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is one bowl containing all runners-up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A runner-up is drawn.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A computer checks the possible opponents and a ball from each of their bowls will be placed into an empty bowl and shuffled. This way no ineligible opponents can be drawn.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If only one possible opponent for a team remains the match will be placed directly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see how it's done you can watch last year's draw on YouTube:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/iSR4PaAiHn4?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T20:31:05.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25422" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25423" CreationDate="2020-12-11T13:09:36.693" Score="1" ViewCount="548" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the highest record a team can get and miss the playoffs?  Assume the 2019 scheduling rules and playoff setup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T06:31:43.100" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T06:31:43.100" Title="Highest record a nfl team can get and miss the playoffs" Tags="|american-football|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25422" CreationDate="2020-12-11T16:40:05.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under the 2019 schedule, where the playoff structure was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 division winners + 2 wildcards from 4 4-team divisions per conference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And each team played a &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-game/opponents-determined-for-the-2019-nfl-season/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;schedule as follows&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 games against their division (2 versus each team)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 games against another division in their conference (1 each)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 games against two other teams in the other two divisions, based on last year's record&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 games against teams in the other conference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the best possible record to miss the playoff is 14-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, to show that it is not possible to miss the playoffs at 15-1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Choose two divisions who do not play each other in their entirety (2. above). Choose two teams in each division who do not play the other two teams in 3. above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this were 2019, we might choose the Baltimore Ravens and the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC North), and the Tennessee Titans and the Jacksonville Jaguars (AFC South).  (See &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-game/opponents-determined-for-the-2019-nfl-season/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the 2019 NFL season matchups.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those four teams could each go 15-1 at best (splitting the series against the other member of the pair, and winning all other games).  Further, the division winners for the other two divisions could potentially both go 14-2; for example, the Buffalo Bills and the Kansas City Chiefs could have gone 14-2, only losing to the pair of AFC North and AFC South teams respectively.  But, no team could be 15-1 and miss the playoffs; clearly, no team in the AFC East or West could (As they all must have two losses from the AFC North and South, respectively), and no third team in either the AFC North or AFC South could (as the other teams both have four losses to each of the first pair).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Three second place teams at 15-1 are impossible as well; that's because the opposite divisions (the East and the West here) the two top teams would each have 2 games against both of the pair in their paired division, plus 2 games against each other for each pair; that's six games, six losses, to split among three teams, so at best they're all 14-2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 15-1 is out, let's consider 14-1-1 (or 13-0-3, which is effectively the same record).  In the same setup as above, let's say the teams as above still split their series against each other, but then a third team is considered in the AFC North picture - the Browns.  The Browns cannot be 13-0-3 or better, because they have four games against the Ravens and the Steelers, and those six games (Ravens-Steelers, Ravens-Browns, Steelers-Browns, two each) cannot result in fewer than six losses total for the three teams.  The same logic applies to a team in the South, and to three second place teams as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leads us to 14-2.  As we noted above, the three teams in the AFC North can all go 14-2, if they each split the series against each other - Browns, Steelers, and Ravens.  The AFC South then would not have two 15-1 teams, however; in that case, the Browns would have had a game against the Titans, and would have to win that to remain at 14-2.  So, the final playoff standings would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Division&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team 1&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team 2&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team 3&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AFC North&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Ravens (14-2)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Steelers (14-2)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Browns (14-2)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AFC East&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bills (12-4)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AFC South&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Jaguars (15-1)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Titans (14-2)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AFC West&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chiefs (13-3)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you would have a tiebreaker scenario that I won't get into that would determine which of the Ravens/Steelers/Browns/Titans did not make the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2020-12-11T17:26:10.367" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T17:26:10.367" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-11T17:12:36.520" Score="2" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a field goal, if the ball hits the ground and bounces through the uprights and above the crossbar, is it still good despite hitting the ground first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20597" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T17:45:11.127" Title="Is the field goal good?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25425" CreationDate="2020-12-11T17:45:11.127" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Rule 11 Section 4 Article 1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 1 Successful Field Goal. A field goal is scored when all of&#xA;the following conditions are met:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) After the ball is kicked, it must not touch the ground or any&#xA;player of the offensive team before it passes through the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/14_2013_Scoring.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/14_2013_Scoring.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20598" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T17:45:11.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25396" CreationDate="2020-12-11T18:23:31.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not &lt;em&gt;specifically&lt;/em&gt; against the rules as far as I know, although if the referee were to believe a player was being deliberately &amp;quot;unsporting&amp;quot; then they can issue a warning and if there is any further such conduct they can award the frame to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally however the rules do have measures in place to safeguard against this (and other forms of deliberate fouls to gain positional advantage). Primarily, the non-offending player can elect to have the other take the next stroke (in some instances they can optionally have the balls returned to the previous placement as well), thus negating the &amp;quot;safety&amp;quot; of the position they used the foul to leave, and in the rules in section 3.12 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/WPBSA-Official-Rules-of-the-Games-of-Snooker-and-Billiards-2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPBSA rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Snookered After a Foul&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a foul, if the cue-ball is snookered (see Section 2 Rule 17),&#xA;the referee shall call FREE BALL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that even if the non-offending player chose to play on (and were snookered) they can nullify that snooker anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T18:23:31.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25430" CreationDate="2020-12-11T19:06:55.273" Score="4" ViewCount="1278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think at every track, when you are driving down the pit lane, the pit wall will always be on the left, and the stands on the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right on this? If I am, is there a logical reason why it always ends up this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-16T08:53:02.353" LastActivityDate="2021-01-16T08:53:02.353" Title="Is it just me or when driving down the pits, the pit wall will always be on the left?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25428" CreationDate="2020-12-11T21:32:22.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, and it doesn't seem to be perfectly correlated with track direction either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Montreal and Austin both have the pit lane to the right of the pits, and they race in opposite directions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T21:32:22.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25428" CreationDate="2020-12-11T21:49:57.007" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the exception of Monaco, which is an oddball in many regards, the pit wall is always on the side of the pit lane closest to the track, so that the team personnel can hold up the drivers' pit boards. Whether this is the left or right side of the pit lane differs from circuit to circuit, depending on which side of the pit straight the pit lane is on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I can understand where your belief comes from. Of the 21 circuits used in the 2019 season, 15 had their pit wall on the left-hand side. ImClarky correctly named the six that didn't, in a now-deleted comment: Monaco, Singapore, Circuit of the Americas, Baku, Montreal, and Interlagos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of those 15 circuits, all but Yas Marina were clockwise, and so had their pit lane on the inside of the circuit. Why pit lanes are so frequently on the inside, I can't say, but it may make for an interesting research topic if I have time later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So not &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; F1 circuits have their pit wall on the left, but &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; do, presumably as a side-effect of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10251/why-are-formula-1-tracks-usually-oriented-clockwise?rq=1&quot;&gt;F1 circuits tending to be clockwise&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2020-12-12T00:55:01.900" LastActivityDate="2020-12-12T00:55:01.900" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25434" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-12T23:12:36.897" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say you are going down the field from the 1 yard line. If the receiver catches the ball and his feet are at the 10 but the ball is extended behind him at the 8. Is the ball marked down at the 10 or the 8 yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20605" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-12-13T07:31:35.407" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T05:10:51.957" Title="Ball placement when a receiver catches it" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25435" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-13T04:46:01.047" Score="1" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I played many sports in my youth, but to my loss almost never soccer. As my kids and wife have recently gotten into it, however, I have started to learn more about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In every sport I'm aware of the rules around equipment and gear are intricate and precise in areas that affect play. In baseball the specifications for gloves, ball and bat are fairly rigorously defined. Football of course had Brady's DeflateGate, and rules around substances like Stickum. Racing bikes go through rigorous approvals. Rims in basketball and the ball itself are measured carefully and have defined bounce characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer shoes, however, seem to have no rigorous definition except apparently around the safety of the cleats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An obvious gap to my naive mind is not in the cleat but instead in the upper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having hardened/carved components on the shoe, or even inside, would seem to offer the player who could utilize them an advantage, in better catching the ball on the inside, conveying the leg action more efficiently on the kick, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can find no mention of these even in concept, no products for sale, no reports even of surreptitious use or anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the deal? Is this just not a thing? What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20606" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-13T05:40:44.280" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T05:21:26.280" Title="Soccer shoe modifications?" Tags="|rules|football|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25434" CreationDate="2020-12-14T05:10:51.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball is the determining factor in the spot of the next down.  This is discussed in a few places in the rules, but the most clear spot is &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-forward-part-of-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 7, Article 3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. FORWARD PART OF BALL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The forward part of the ball in its position when it is declared dead in the field of play shall be the determining point in measuring any distance gained or lost. The ball shall be rotated so that its long axis is parallel to the sidelines before measuring, while maintaining the forward most point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why receivers will often extend the ball in front of them when their momentum is taking them out of bounds but there is no significant risk to ball security, or when they are close to the line to gain in order to gain a first down or touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T05:10:51.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25435" CreationDate="2020-12-14T05:21:26.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you have a minor issue with physics here.  It's not 100% clear to me what you're describing, but there are two ways you could 'harden' the shoe:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A solid mass between the upper and the foot (imagine, say, a roll of coins)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would hurt.  A lot.  Brass knuckles do hurt the fingers that wear them when not braced properly, and I doubt you could brace this sufficiently - even if it did impart an advantage, which it wouldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A stiffer upper in general - at its extreme, an iron upper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless this were actually metal, it seems like it would most likely defeat the purpose - the upper would &lt;em&gt;absorb&lt;/em&gt; force from the boot, spending some of that force bending. It also seems like it would cause the ball to come off at a less precise angle, again unless you had something like a golf club for a shoe...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the day, you have a certain amount of force that comes from the foot - from the mass of the foot/shoe system itself, and then from the speed imparted from the muscles, leading to the equation &lt;em&gt;F=ma&lt;/em&gt;.  The most force you can impart is &lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt;, and for the most part that &lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt; is pretty similar to what comes off from a direct kick.  The shoe exists primarily to &lt;em&gt;protect&lt;/em&gt; the foot from the effects of that &lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt;, which does reduce it some, but the shoe for the most part isn't really changing the force - and it certainly cannot &lt;em&gt;increase&lt;/em&gt; it.  This is not golf, where the club is a lever that is being used to drive the ball - the foot and leg are the driving force itself, the only leverage coming from the length of the foot from the hip, and that isn't really something they can make rules about...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, if someone had figured out a way to make a shoe that somehow increased the force of a kick dramatically, you're undoubtedly right that there would be rules related to it, similar to how Golf, Tennis, etc. have rules about their various implements - which are &lt;em&gt;mechanical&lt;/em&gt; in nature (a lever, which is what both a tennis racquet and a golf club are, is a simple machine!) and thus must be constrained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T05:21:26.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25439" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-14T05:23:36.710" Score="0" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do IPL 2020 arranged with zero audience but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cricket_team_in_Australia_in_2020%E2%80%9321&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dettol ODI series&lt;/a&gt; with audience?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both happened during COVID19 pandemic going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20575" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T07:01:20.120" Title="Why IPL 2020 arranged with zero audience but Dettol ODI series with audience?" Tags="|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25439" CreationDate="2020-12-14T06:30:51.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't really a sports question; the two tournaments were played in different countries at different times, and the governments of the UAE and Australia set different rules. Some countries (notably New Zealand, and to a lesser extent Australia) have managed the pandemic much better than others, so the risk of allowing spectators is different in different places at different times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T06:30:51.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25442" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25449" CreationDate="2020-12-14T19:55:50.247" Score="0" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to ask, in ice-hockey general or in NHL, if a game is forfeited before it starts or at score 0:0, the winning team automatically wins by 1:0. Is this one goal counted in teams statistics in goals for? And for the loosing team in goals against?&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2020-12-15T21:58:05.103" Title="Ice-hockey forfeit goals" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25443" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-14T20:37:58.743" Score="1" ViewCount="612" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious how are situations with extra player in ice-hockey handled statistically.&#xA;For example, team A is loosing 2:3 and there is one last minute of the match. They switch goalie for an extra player so they have empty net and the situation is 6v5. If they score a goal, will it be an even strength goal? And what if team A was playing short-handed, they had penalty and it was 4v5 situation but after switching player for goalie it would be 5v5. Will it still be a power-play goal? Would it be even strength goal? Or how would be the situation described, just 4v5 or 5v5 (maybe 4+1v5)? And what about 6v4 etc.?&#xA;Thanks for answers!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T22:40:15.620" Title="Ice-hockey 6v5 situation" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25443" CreationDate="2020-12-14T22:40:15.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they are recorded as a normal, even-strength goal.  See for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/montreal-canadiens-toronto-maple-leafs-game-recap/c-309772834&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;TOR vs MON, Oct 5, 2019&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201910050TOR.html#all_advanced&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hockey Ref box score&lt;/a&gt;.  Austin Matthews scored the tying goal with the goalie, Michael Hutchinson, pulled; you can only really tell from the box score as Hutchinson has only 64:52 TOI.  Matthews is credited with 2 Even Strength goals.  Even +/- it clearly counts for; add up TOR's +/- and you get a net +1, while adding up MON's +/- you get a net +0 (which makes sense, as both sides had one goal that is excluded, one PPG and one penalty shot, so both sides scored 4 even strength goals - including the one scored with the extra attacker).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another game from the same season, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201910070CBJ.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBJ vs BUF, 10/7/2019&lt;/a&gt;, shows a powerplay goal in that situation - there it is a 6 on 4 goal, if I'm reading it right.  Similarly, it's not really identifiable as anything beyond a normal PP goal, except for the goalie's TOI again being less than that of the other goalie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case it was a 4-on-5 with a pulled goalie, it would be a short handed goal, similarly.  Removing the goalie, at the moment, doesn't change the statistics, other than to have one more player receive a +/- result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T22:40:15.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-15T11:48:05.413" Score="0" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;France Football this year gave an award called &amp;quot;the golden ball dream team&amp;quot; to the best players in each position of all time in soccer. This is different to what they do each year, where they award the best soccer player of the year with a real physical golden ball award made of gold. If this time it was a physical award, they should have made 11 balls made of gold for each player. Players like Messi and Cristiano who received the golden ball of the year in previous years uploaded a photo with a golden ball. But players like Xavi or Maldini who never received a golden ball of the year didnt upload one. Also Messi uploaded another photo with his 6 former golden balls. This makes me think that the golden ball photo Messi and Cristiano uploaded is a golden ball of the year award, and that this time they didnt receive a physical golden ball made of gold. Is this so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did the winners of the &amp;quot;golden ball dream team&amp;quot; received a real physical golden ball award made of gold?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2021-09-18T02:03:15.567" Title="Did the winners of the &quot;golden ball dream team&quot; received a real physical golden ball award made of gold?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25447" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-15T18:30:45.033" Score="4" ViewCount="724" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball is extremely close to your own end zone and your offensive line false starts (or commits any infraction, really) and the ball cannot be moved any closer to the goal line, what happens? Loss of down? Can the offense continue to commit penalties and it stays first down?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20636" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-12-16T04:37:37.950" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T20:32:51.567" Title="False start when close to your own end zone" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25447" CreationDate="2020-12-15T18:55:13.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually an interesting question.&#xA;There is a clause in the rules, &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-fouls-to-prevent-score&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.3.2&lt;/a&gt; which covers repeated DEFENSIVE half distance penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defense shall not commit successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score: If the violation is repeated after a warning, the score involved is awarded to the offensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There doesn't appear to be an equivalent rule for the offense, although rule &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-4.-palpably-unfair-act&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.3.4&lt;/a&gt; which covers &amp;quot;palpably unfair acts&amp;quot; gives the Referee a large amount of leeway in covering unusual situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a palpably unfair act: Offender may be disqualified. The Referee, after consulting the officiating crew, enforces any such distance penalty as they consider equitable and irrespective of any other specified code penalty. The Referee may award a score. See 19-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On that wording, it would be hard to argue against enforcing an equivalent to the defense penalty - so that if Team A has the ball, 1st and 10 on their own 1 yard line, and they commit three successive false starts (so they are now on the 1/8 yard line) the Referee should give a warning and, if they commit another penalty, give a safety to the defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, normally after a safety, the offense gets the chance to take a free kick from the 20 yard line - I would not be surprised if the Referee also enforces a half distance to the goal penalty and forces them to take the kick from the 10 yard line(or at least I would, if I were the Referee)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17006" LastActivityDate="2020-12-15T18:55:13.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25442" CreationDate="2020-12-15T21:58:05.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/308893668/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL Rulebook, Rule 66&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the game is declared forfeited prior to its having commenced, the&#xA;score shall be recorded as 1-0 and no player shall be credited with&#xA;any personal statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the game was in progress at the time it is declared forfeited, the&#xA;score shall be recorded as zero for the loser and 1, or such greater&#xA;number of goals that had been scored by it, for the winner; however,&#xA;the players on both Clubs shall be credited with all personal statistics&#xA;earned up to the time the forfeit was declared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of recording the score is to record it as a statistic, so the answer is yes - the winning and losing team are credited with that score, but no individual player statistic is, unless there was a partially completed game in which case those statistics still count for each player (even if the team score is changed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-15T21:58:05.103" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25451" CreationDate="2020-12-16T02:28:51.563" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only reason I know that the centre circle exists in international football is to keep players out of the region before kickoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the other uses for it, if any?  It would seem to be an imposing figure to only be used twice (or four times) a match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-16T05:51:31.897" LastActivityDate="2020-12-16T20:39:17.760" Title="Other purposes of the centre circle" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25450" CreationDate="2020-12-16T05:47:49.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 8, part 1, &lt;em&gt;Kick-off&lt;/em&gt; states that the distance is required at &lt;strong&gt;all&lt;/strong&gt; kick-offs, including those taken after a goal is scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than for kick-offs, Law 10, part 3, &lt;em&gt;Kicks from the Penalty Mark&lt;/em&gt; also requires that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During kicks from the penalty mark&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Only eligible players and match officials are permitted to remain on the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All eligible players, except the player taking the kick and the two goalkeepers, must remain within the centre circle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practical terms rather than in the letter of the law, the 9.15 metre radius of the centre circle is the same distance as required by opponents from the ball at a free kick (and of all players except the kicker at the penalty kick).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The centre circle provides a useful means of recalibrating the referee's mental ruler used to judge this distance, given the variation in shading, colouring and growth of turf that can make this judgement less accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-16T20:39:17.760" LastActivityDate="2020-12-16T20:39:17.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25452" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-17T05:49:40.020" Score="8" ViewCount="4529" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a blocked extra point count as a missed extra point? This was the case in last Monday night's game when Justin Tucker's extra point was blocked and from what I understand it was counted as a miss but in other instances blocked kicks were merely considered blocked and not missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20638" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-17T08:10:26.857" LastActivityDate="2020-12-17T16:36:13.767" Title="Does a blocked extra point count as a missed extra point for the kicker?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25446" CreationDate="2020-12-17T13:34:07.517" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lionel Messi, crowned in 2019, will hold the Ballon d'Or France Football title one more year. France Football said that in july (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Il-n-y-aura-pas-de-ballon-d-or-france-football-en-2020/1153942&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;french article&lt;/a&gt;). Messi won 6 times in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the winners of the &amp;quot;golden ball dream team&amp;quot; will not receive a real physical golden ball award&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2020-12-17T13:34:07.517" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25452" CreationDate="2020-12-17T16:36:13.767" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NFL statistics, a blocked extra point is counted as an extra point attempt, &lt;em&gt;so long as the end result is no points scored for the kicking team&lt;/em&gt;.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Guideline for Statisticians&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever a player placekicks or dropkicks a ball in an attempt to score an extra point, he shall be&#xA;credited with an extra-point attempt and, if the kick results in a point, with an extra point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If an extra-point kick is blocked and the ball does not cross the line of scrimmage, and the offense&#xA;recovers the ball and scores, credit it as a successful two-point conversion in either the rushing or&#xA;passing category, depending on how the offense scored. Do not record a blocked kick and do not&#xA;credit a defender with a blocked kick. If the offense does not score, do not record a two-point&#xA;conversion attempt. It is a blocked extra-point kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in statistics, no differentiation is made between blocked and simply missed kicks - for example, in the statistics for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012140cle.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;BAL at CLE, 12/14/2020&lt;/a&gt;, Codey Parkey missed an extra point Wide Right, and Justin Tucker had an extra point blocked; both appear identically on the stat sheet for the respective kickers, the only difference (outside of the play by play) being a player being credited with a blocked kick in the latter case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, this is not an unreasonable way to approach kicks; the kicker bears at least some responsibility for blocked kicks, as their angle of approach determines the likelihood of a &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; block (meaning, the ball sails over the line and someone reaches over and deflects it).  Obviously some blocks are more the responsibility of the line failing to block someone, and the defender should be given some credit as well in many cases, but the kicker does have some control over blocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-17T16:36:13.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25457" CreationDate="2020-12-19T09:33:15.347" Score="4" ViewCount="713" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which player scored the most penalties in one season in the UEFA Champions league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20644" LastActivityDate="2020-12-19T11:56:03.590" Title="Who scored the most penalties in one season in the UEFA Champions league" Tags="|football|champions-league|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25456" CreationDate="2020-12-19T11:56:03.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several players with &lt;strong&gt;four&lt;/strong&gt; scored penalties in one season. As three players (Immobile, Werner and Messi) already have scored three penalties this season (group stage 2020) there is a good chance of at least one of them beating this record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All players who scored four penalties until season 19/20:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo 2017/18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Robert Lewandowski 2016/17&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Thomas Müller 2014/15&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arturo Vidal 2013/14&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lionel Messi 2011/12&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The all-time leader is Cristiano Ronaldo with 19 scored penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/uefa-champions-league/torschuetzenliste/pokalwettbewerb/CL/saison_id/2020/plus/1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a list of all goal scorers, including appearances, assists and how many goals were penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-12-19T11:56:03.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25459" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-20T19:29:38.853" Score="1" ViewCount="1463" Body="&lt;p&gt;20, 30 years ago, by far the most common tackling style was for a defender to wrap up the ball carrier and drag him to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last 10 years, glancing tackles have become a lot more common.  The kind where they just hit the ball carrier with no attempt to wrap their arms around him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this?  What's the advantage and disadvantage to this type of tackle, and why has it become more prominent in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20535" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T21:19:17.320" Title="Why don't NFL defenders wrap up during tackles as much as they used to?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-20T19:53:37.823" Score="4" ViewCount="696" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fastest man of the match is reported in kms/hr. How is this measured during a game, and is every player monitored for speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20647" LastActivityDate="2020-12-20T21:42:21.820" Title="How is the fastest man of the match calculated?" Tags="|football|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25460" CreationDate="2020-12-20T21:42:21.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's actually pretty simple to tell and hard to do (and expensive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supported games have a bunch of cameras in the stadium to record the game from several angles. Computers can form a 3D image from the data provided and calculate the distance the players moved between each frame. And if you have that you can calculate the speed for each individual, even the ball. So yes, every player can be tracked individually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You know the distance and you know the time elapsed: Speed = distance / time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hard part is to assign the data collected to the correct players. This is usually done manually, because computers won't always be able to distinguish between players too close to each others (e.g. after goal celebrations).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-12-20T21:42:21.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25471" CreationDate="2020-12-21T13:58:24.113" Score="3" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;It used to be the case that new F1 teams could re-use outdated chassis designs built by other teams, however I'm confused about the circumstances under which they could do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1992, Andrea Moda &lt;strong&gt;were not&lt;/strong&gt; allowed to use an updated version of the Coloni C4 chassis from 1991.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2006, Toro Rosso &lt;strong&gt;were&lt;/strong&gt; allowed to use an updated version of the Red Bull RBR1 chassis from 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That same year, Super Aguri &lt;strong&gt;were not&lt;/strong&gt; allowed to use an updated version of the BAR 007 from 2005, but they &lt;strong&gt;were&lt;/strong&gt; allowed to use an updated version of the Arrows A23 from 2002.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, there doesn't seem to be any consistency to these decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What exactly were the rules governing whether new teams could re-use existing chassis designs?&lt;/strong&gt; Were there specific circumstances in which teams could or could not use them, which would explain the situations outlined above? Or it was arbitrary and determined on a case-by-case basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T13:24:30.283" Title="Under what circumstances were F1 teams allowed to re-use old chassis built by other teams?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25465" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-21T14:50:58.723" Score="1" ViewCount="612" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is a lower strength of schedule percentage better than a higher one when determining a playoff spot or a draft pick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would expect that a stronger schedule wins out over a weaker one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20650" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T23:07:10.470" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T23:07:10.470" Title="NFL strength of schedule in deciding playoffs and draft picks" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25465" CreationDate="2020-12-21T15:34:20.220" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are mistaken about how the Strength of Schedule tiebreaker works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When ranking teams, there are a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/standings/tie-breaking-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;series of tiebreakers that are used&lt;/a&gt;.  Tie breaker number 6 is &amp;quot;Strength of Schedule,&amp;quot; and it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/1702/1723&quot;&gt;indeed the team with the &lt;em&gt;higher&lt;/em&gt; Strength of Schedule&lt;/a&gt; that is ranked above a team with a lower Strength of Schedule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think where you might be getting confused is that when determining draft picks, the teams that are &lt;em&gt;ranked lower&lt;/em&gt; end up with a higher spot in the draft.  The draft picks are in reverse order of the team rankings.  Therefore, when determining the draft pick order, if two teams have identical records and the tiebreaker goes all the way to Strength of Schedule, then the team with the lower Strength of Schedule will be ranked lower, but will end up higher in the draft order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T15:34:20.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25468" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-21T22:49:18.177" Score="10" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m a relatively new assistant referee. How do I keep an eye on both the offside line and whether the ball has gone out of play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20654" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T23:04:48.870" LastActivityDate="2023-12-28T15:06:50.757" Title="How to keep an eye on the offside and the ball going out of play" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25446" CreationDate="2020-12-21T23:43:15.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, no. &lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.lequipe.fr/communiques/the-ballon-dor-will-not-be-awarded-in-2020/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;It was announced,&lt;/a&gt; that the trophy will not be awarded this year:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the organizer of the Ballon d’Or, the Group L’Équipe, to which France Football belongs, decided not to award the most prestigious individual trophy there is in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, no, the final Ballon d'Or dream team will not receive the trophy. It makes sense as the process for dream team is very different. It'd be unfair to give them the same award they give &amp;quot;regular&amp;quot; Ballon d'Or winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. To make it absolutely clear, the Ballon d'Or is gilded brass, not pure gold (&lt;a href=&quot;https://mellerio.fr/en/les-trophees/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mellerio dits Meller&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In pyrite and gilded brass, it reproduces to scale a real football, on which the name of the winner is directly engraved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T23:43:15.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25473" CreationDate="2020-12-22T10:57:27.467" Score="2" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=red%20sox%20schedule%20in%20september%202020&amp;amp;rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS706US706&amp;amp;oq=red%20sox%20schedule%20in%20september%202020&amp;amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30.9636j0j7&amp;amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8#sie=t;/m/01d5z;4;/m/09p14;mt;fp;1;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;schedule&lt;/a&gt; for Red Sox in September in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qehNb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qehNb.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why there were 4 games against Rays while just 3 games against the Yankees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T15:53:54.363" Title="In terms of Red Sox, why there were 4 games against Rays while 3 games against Yankees?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25464" CreationDate="2020-12-22T13:24:30.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;theory&lt;/em&gt; every team is supposed to design an manufacture their own car - as the '97 Concorde Agreement puts it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A constructor is a person (including and corporate or unincorporated body) who owns the intellectual property rights to the rolling chassis it currently races and does not incorporate in such chassis any part designed or manufactured by any other constructor of Formula One racing cars except for standard items of safety equipment. Provided always that nothing in this Schedule 3 shall prevent the use of an engine or gear box manufactured by a person other than the constructor of the chassis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple right? No using another team's cars. Except this is F1 and it's &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; that simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules as to exactly what can and cannot be shared between different teams and how different a car has to be from another to be considered a team's own have varied quite a lot over the years (see Racing Point getting caught out with the change in legality regarding sharing brake ducts from '19 - '20), and there almost always exists the get-out-of-jail route of getting the FIA and the other teams to agree to something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to look at your specific scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1992, Andrea Moda were not allowed to use an updated version of the Coloni C4 chassis from 1991.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem wasn't with the use of the Coloni chassis itself - but rather that Andrea Sassetti had bought the Coloni &lt;em&gt;cars&lt;/em&gt; and the team but not the entity that designed/manufactured the cars (the &amp;quot;constructor&amp;quot;) and therefore deemed them a new entry to the championship. Sassetti didn't see it that way and they hadn't paid the entry fee as a new team, after all he'd run the team in the closing races of the '91 season (still under the Coloni name) without issue. But the governing body disagreed - so officially the team wasn't allowed to enter the race in South Africa because they (Andrea Moda) weren't in the championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had they ponied up the 100k and entered on the spot they wouldn't have been allowed to use the C4B as the car wasn't substantially different from the C4 that Coloni had run the previous year (IIRC there were some rear suspension changes but nothing huge).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The C4B was only ever intended as a stopgap while work on the S921 was completed which is why when they actually managed to get their sh#t together (for certain loose definitions of the term) for the third race in Brazil they used that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arguably if the team hadn't been such an obvious omnishambles (I think they turned up on SA with only one functional car and turned up in Mexico without any cars at all) they &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; have gotten dispensation to run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2006, Toro Rosso were allowed to use an updated version of the Red Bull RBR1 chassis from 2005.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a fair amount of grumbling about this at the time IIRC, because the team formerly known as Minardi had permission to run with restricted V10s in '06 and Red Bull had the rights kicking around to this V10-suitable chassis (the RBR1 which was actually just a rebadged Jaguar Racing chassis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The flagship team wasn't going to be using anything to do with the RBR1 since the RB3 was a fresh Newey design, not an evolution of the previous year's car. Scuderia Toro Rosso weren't a &amp;quot;new&amp;quot; entrant (as it was a continuation of the Minardi team's entry) and argued that IP rights to the RBR1 chassis came to them by way of Ford (the parent company of Jaguar Racing), and with Ford no longer being an F1 &amp;quot;constructor&amp;quot; they weren't using another constructor's chassis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That same year, Super Aguri were not allowed to use an updated version of the BAR 007 from 2005, but they were allowed to use an updated version of the Arrows A23 from 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast to the STR scenario above BAR (or BAR-Honda as they were known at the time) were &lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt; a constructor, so Super Aguri couldn't use one of their chassis. Arrows were long gone and the IP and chassis had been bought from Paul Stoddart (who himself was no longer a constructor).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course in '07 STR went on to use the STR2 (a modified RB3) which they got away with because the rights were owned by Red Bull Advanced Technologies not Red Bull Racing and they used this loophole until it was closed in 2010 (via the 2008 Concorde Agreement).&#xA;Super Aguri did similar in '07 and '08 having purchased the IP for the previous year's Honda cars via a third party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T13:24:30.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25470" CreationDate="2020-12-22T15:53:54.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is simple: they played the Yankees 7 times in July and August, while they played the Rays 6 times in July and August.  Since the MLB schedule in 2020 was to play 10 games against each of the 4 same-division teams (for 40 games) plus 20 games against teams in the other division, that left 4 more games against the Rays, and 3 more against the Yankees to play in September.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/2020-major-league-baseball-schedule-released&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB's announcement on the 2020 schedule for more details&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BOS/2020-schedule-scores.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball-Reference's schedule and score list&lt;/a&gt; for the breakdown of their results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball teams typically play between two and four game sets against other teams; how many depends on the specific details of the schedule.  Typically the Fri-Sun days are always against one team, and Tue-Weds are always against one team, and then Mon and/or Thurs go with one or the other of those sets (so they might play Tues-Thurs then Fri-Sun, or Mon-Weds then Thurs-Sun, or Mon-Thurs then Fri-Sun, or Tue-Weds then Fri-Sun, or something similar).  The exact details just depends on how the other team's schedule matches theirs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-22T15:53:54.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25198" CreationDate="2020-12-23T17:39:03.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what I could find in a tweet from Snooker champion Neil Robertson:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately it’s not. &lt;strong&gt;Someone in the van does it and the criteria is&#xA;if you get the white past the baulk line from a safety.&lt;/strong&gt; A successful&#xA;long pot is of any ball travels 5 feet I think&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/nr147/status/1332034273596026880&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/nr147/status/1332034273596026880&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="696" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T17:39:03.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25459" CreationDate="2020-12-23T20:43:31.717" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only reason for this is because of the concussion protocols they have to follow. I to have seen this but the only reason they do that is to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not get penalized&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stay Safe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the hit to Antonio Brown By Vontaze Burfict you could do that 20 - 30 years ago but not know because of all of the rules. Just because of the rules they are doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advantage is to stay safe but an disadvantage is that it is not very effective sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20661" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-23T21:19:17.320" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T21:19:17.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25480" CreationDate="2020-12-24T06:26:21.820" Score="2" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one of our tournament double matches after earning a point one of the player mistakenly called the current game point wrong. Instead of saying 6-4 he said 7-4 and the referee didn't rectify it. Then on the next serve when the cork reached the other side one player on that side grabbed the cork and said it was a foul to call a wrong score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was it a foul to call a wrong game point?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was it a foul that the other player grabbed the cork even though referee didn't call a foul?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reference URL or book to verify?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20664" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2020-12-24T20:40:14.213" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T13:32:33.553" Title="Is it a foul when a player calls a wrong score in badminton?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25479" CreationDate="2020-12-24T11:09:09.573" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;umpire&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/13813/1419&quot;&gt;(not the referee)&lt;/a&gt; is in charge of the scoring. Players can announce the score to their partner or even their opponents, but that is not binding in any way. It's hard to prove a negative, but you can peruse the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt; and won't find any mention of a fault of incorrect scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following laws &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; apply to a talking player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§14.2.5 It shall be a fault if in play, a player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;§16.6.3 A player shall not behave in an offensive or inappropriate manner.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;§16.6.4 A player shall not be guilty of misconduct not otherwise covered by the Laws of Badminton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of this applies: The shuttle wasn't even in play when the score was called, and it's neither offensive nor misconduct to make a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A case could be made if a player intentionally calls the wrong score all the time. However, even that would be dealt with by the umpire, not the opposing player. The umpire would show a yellow card (without any changes to the score) first. Awarding a point for a fault would be done by the umpire showing a red card, which requires serious misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect scoring by the players is no big deal: The umpire clearly announces the correct score after every rally. Usually there's some kind of scoreboard; at higher levels you'll find a TV at either end of the court displaying the current score in big letters. If the player thinks the umpire made a mistake, they can talk to the umpire before the start of the next rally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the player who touched the shuttle &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; commit a fault:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§13.3.4 It shall be a fault if in play, the shuttle touches the person or dress of a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the umpire will call out &amp;quot;Fault. 7-4.&amp;quot; and update the scoreboard (if any) to 7-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2020-12-25T13:32:33.553" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T13:32:33.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12091" CreationDate="2020-12-24T18:56:03.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In beach volleyball like with indoor, setting the first ball of a rally (not serve) has traditionally been allowed including over the net.  It's possible the rules have changed, and it's fair to note the AVP (from the USA) and the FIVB may have (had) different rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One commenter notes the FIVB has a rule 9.2.2.2 from the 2017-2020 edition, stating &amp;quot;the first hit of the team... may NOT contact the fingers/hands&amp;quot;. While this sounds conclusive, this is an ambiguous statement, because the first hit of the two teams are: 1. the serve, and 2. the first play of serve receive.  Setting a non driven first ball of a rally (not serve) has been legal for decades and if it's changed, it needs to be clarified clearly in the rules.  But FIVB rules reflect the game, they were not intended to change it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a look at this clip where in a major FIVB tournament match, the first ball of a -rally- is a set at 10 seconds and it's not called, nor do either of these first class teams, the ref, or the announcer complain.  In fact, the player who set's this rally ball was complaining about a possible lift on the other team just before he sets the first ball of a rally.&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/iEztujOJ2iA?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This proves the rule probably still does not apply first touch in a rally, or if it does now it's a new rule, or at the highest levels they still don't call it.  It's seen as legal by the experts.  Look at the comments on youtube, many people say exactly what I'm saying here. Traditionally, and maybe still today, it was always about the quality of the set in the context of the ball coming over the net not being a hard driven ball.  There's also a reddit on &amp;quot;Beach Volleyball Rules: A Refresher&amp;quot; which states the same thing I'm saying here: &amp;quot;Setting first ball is allowed.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of hard driven balls (which can be dug over net) rule 9.2.2.4 mentions one may contact the ball with &amp;quot;overhand fingers&amp;quot; (in a setting like motion) but this is not in fact a set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next part of the question is, if one sets a ball over the net, the ball must travel perpendicular to the shoulders of the person setting the ball.  That is rule 13.2.5.  This means, the set must go directly in front of or behind the setter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 9.2.2.2 does apply to rally play, it may be a relatively new rule and is not universally enforced even by refs at the highest level.  The play in the clip above where the first ball is set has been legal and performed thousands of times since the 1980s in the USA (AVP) and more recently in FIVB international play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20658" LastEditorUserId="20658" LastEditDate="2020-12-27T12:45:39.250" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T12:45:39.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-25T08:03:05.537" Score="0" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the fourth player in the batting order is known as the cleanup hitter, also known as the cleanup spot and in modern baseball is almost always one of &lt;strong&gt;the best hitters&lt;/strong&gt; on the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At about 1′13″ into the video linked below, the announcer says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that's a pretty good number nine hitter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/7z2amsE-nIw?start=68&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does 9th hitter in baseball mean something special? The link starts at 1′8″.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19995" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T21:09:42.633" Title="Does 9th hitter in baseball mean something special?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25484" CreationDate="2020-12-25T20:40:00.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The ninth hitter is usually the worst hitter in the lineup. The announcer was just saying that their worst hitter was “pretty good”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20676" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-12-25T21:09:42.633" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T21:09:42.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25488" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-27T20:19:34.473" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is simple, why does the offside rule require 2 rival players between the attacker and the goal line rather than 1 non-goalkeeper? Is there a specific goal (i.e. A scenario where it makes the game more fair) to it or is it just more convenient to have it worded like that? Seems its just makes things unnecessarily complicated sometimes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20025" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T00:15:02.460" Title="A question regarding the offside rule in soccer" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25488" CreationDate="2020-12-28T00:15:02.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football's rules originally defined the goalkeeper as &amp;quot;the defending player who was closest to their own goal line&amp;quot;.  Having a player who was specifically the goalkeeper, and held that role regardless of where they actually stood on the field, is a relatively modern concept in the history of football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it made no sense to specify &amp;quot;a non-goalkeeper defending player&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;two defending players&amp;quot; because the first was equivalent to the second, and the second is much easier to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It still makes more sense to define offside that way, because it covers situations where the goalkeeper is not one of the rearmost defending players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, when reading the offside rules of any sport, one must bear in mind the purpose of the rule: forcing attackers to maintain possession in order to successfully score, in a game where it is very easy to advance the ball (or puck, in ice hockey) up the field (or rink).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the proposed definition would undermine that purpose, making it easier to attack using strategies that are considered undesirable or unattractive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T00:15:02.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16053" CreationDate="2020-12-28T09:09:04.117" Score="4" ViewCount="2804" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV_hE9LQ1Jw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Big Bash League match&lt;/a&gt; and at 1:19:58 (also in other times too) a batsman is out and a new one is coming in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the new batsman isn't facing the bowler immediately (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;on strike&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;) at 1:20:56 (see the arrows at the bottom of the screen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the new batsman not batting, but the partner is? The given over continues, so my conclusion is that the new batsman should bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20682" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T10:13:41.370" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T10:33:16.670" Title="Who is next to bat after a batsman is out?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25491" CreationDate="2020-12-28T09:24:52.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Batsman can change the strike in different ways if the one over complete then the batsman can rotate there strike and if the batsman got catch out then also non-striker batsman can change there strike by running towards the other end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, here if you observe in the video, the men's changed their strikes and the new batsman had to be at the other end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20482" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T09:24:52.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25494" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25495" CreationDate="2020-12-28T13:56:18.713" Score="0" ViewCount="888" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to FIFA rules, can professional players register in more than one club at the same time? or at one season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20582" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T00:53:03.983" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T00:53:03.983" Title="Can a Player register in multiple clubs? or more than one?" Tags="|football|fifa|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25494" CreationDate="2020-12-28T14:37:41.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pro players can not be registered with more than one club at the same time. Only amateurs can in some regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transfers between clubs are possible during the season, but limited to &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/regulations-on-the-status-and-transfer-of-players-august-2020.pdf?cloudid=bbsxdddzsakplwzf0psu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;registration periods&lt;/a&gt;. These are more commonly known as transfer windows and there are usually two per season. The exact times are different for each country and depend on the schedule of the domestic competitions, but usually there is a longer summer period and a short winter period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T14:37:41.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25498" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-28T17:32:17.570" Score="2" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game between the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012270nyj.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cleveland Browns and the New York Jets on 12/27/2020&lt;/a&gt;, Baker Mayfield &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012270nyj.htm#pbp_4538.000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fumbled on the final Cleveland posession&lt;/a&gt;, at 1:25 remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was fumbled during an attempted quarterback sneak on fourth and 1.  The ball was recovered by Kareem Hunt and subsequently advanced beyond the line of scrimmage; however, the referees ruled that the ball was down at the point that Hunt recovered the fumble, as he was not allowed to advance the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was he not allowed to advance the fumble?  I understand the rule to only apply to &lt;em&gt;forward&lt;/em&gt; fumbles; as this appears to have been a fumble backwards, why was this rule enforced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20685" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2020-12-29T22:08:05.310" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T22:08:05.310" Title="Why could the fumble in the Browns/Jets game not be advanced?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25505" CreationDate="2020-12-28T21:43:27.357" Score="-1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/donald-cerrone-wants-to-become-first-ufc-fighter-to-fight-three-times-in-one-week/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/donald-cerrone-wants-to-become-first-ufc-fighter-to-fight-three-times-in-one-week/&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20201228214340/https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/donald-cerrone-wants-to-become-first-ufc-fighter-to-fight-three-times-in-one-week/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if he wants to do it, doctors, not to mention UFC officials, might not let him. Then again, maybe they actually give him a chance to accomplish his goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why doctors allow several MMA fights in the same night but not in a few days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2020-12-30T23:33:38.257" Title="Why doctors allow several MMA fights in the same night but not in a few days?" Tags="|mma|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25498" CreationDate="2020-12-28T21:55:51.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two different rules could actually apply here, and neither mentions &amp;quot;forward&amp;quot; fumbles being advanceable anywhere in the current rulebook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First is the rule for &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-5.-fourth-down-fumble&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fourth Down Fumbles, Rule 8.7.5&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a fourth-down fumble occurs during a play from scrimmage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) If the recovery or catch is by a teammate of the player who fumbled, the ball is dead, and the spot of the next snap is the spot of the fumble, or the spot of the recovery if the spot of the recovery is behind the spot of the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then there is the rule for &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-6.-fumble-after-two-minute-warning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fumble after the Two-Minute Warning&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a fumble by either team occurs after the two-minute warning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) If the recovery or catch is by a teammate of the player who fumbled, the ball is dead, and the spot of the next snap is the spot of the fumble, or the spot of the recovery if the spot of the recovery is behind the spot of the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both would apply to this down (which was on 4th and 1, after the two-minute warning for the second half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are most likely confused due to the wording - as there are two different potential spots depending on if the fumble is &lt;em&gt;recovered&lt;/em&gt; behind or forward from the spot of the fumble.  Once Mayfield fumbled, there were two possibilities of where the ball might be spotted, unless Mayfield recovered his own fumble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The spot Mayfield fumbled (~1 yard behind the line to gain)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The spot the ball was recovered, if that spot is behind the point Mayfield was at when he fumbled&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No other result would have been possible, unless Mayfield recovered his own fumble.  This has been the case for decades - since 1978, when the rule was introduced.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballzebras.com/2013/09/35-years-ago-holy-roller-play-revises-rule-book/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article by Football Zebras&lt;/a&gt; explains that in some detail.  Note that the ball is dead immediately upon recovery by any other player than the original ball carrier - similar to a punt being touched by the punting team.  Once Hunt recovered the ball (and had possession), the play was over, and nothing else could occur (for either team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T21:55:51.893" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25498" CreationDate="2020-12-29T01:07:59.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a 2 parter. First part will be the rule enforcing the call, second will be the reason behind the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a special rule surrounding fumbles after the 2 minute warning of either half. &lt;em&gt;Article 6. Fumble After Two-Minute Warning&lt;/em&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-6.-fumble-after-two-minute-warning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rulebook&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a fumble by either team occurs after the two-minute warning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) The ball may be advanced by any opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) The player who fumbled is the only player of his team who is permitted to recover and advance the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) If the recovery or catch is by a teammate of the player who fumbled, the ball is dead, and the spot of the next snap is the spot of the fumble, or the spot of the recovery if the spot of the recovery is behind the spot of the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: The restrictions in (b) and (c) are applicable during a Try throughout the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when Kareem Hunt recovered the ball, the ball was called dead since he was not the original fumbler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Second Part] Now we get to the more interesting question, why is there such a rule? The answer is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roller_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Holly Roller&lt;/a&gt;, you can see the play &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGffYc5eXnA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/aGffYc5eXnA?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; The 1978 Raiders fumbled their way to victory in a game trailing by six and 10 second left. Their QB Ken Stabler intentionally fumbled the ball right before getting sacked. You can see #40 also intentionally throwing the ball towards the endzone instead of taking the possession where it ends up getting scored by Raiders and giving them the win. Although the play was legal, it was clearly a loophole in the NFL rules, which was patched by the above rule in that immediate off season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2020-12-29T02:30:02.040" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T02:30:02.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25499" CreationDate="2020-12-30T23:33:38.257" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iscfmma.com/ISCFRules15.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.iscfmma.com/ISCFRules15.htm&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20201230233242/https://www.iscfmma.com/ISCFRules15.htm#:%7E:text=Minimum%2520of%252030%2520days%2520to%2520120%2520Day%2520Medical%2520Recovery%2520Suspension,days%2520to%2520the%2520fighter%2520injured.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;) gives the explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time Between Bouts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This new rule is to avoid a fighter, fighting on a &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Different Promotional&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; event less then 7 days after a fight or a fighter fighting too soon after being defeated by a Knock Out or TKO by too many striking blows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the fighter is fighting in a TOURNAMENT within a 3 day time span and does not lose by KO/TKO and is not cut or injured during their bout, the &amp;quot;Time Between Bout&amp;quot; Rule does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6-08:&lt;/strong&gt; Fighters in a TOURNAMENT MUST be checked by a Licensed MD after EACH BOUT to assure they are in good health to continue to the next round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TIME BETWEEN BOUTS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 days or 168 Hours before stepping into the ring or cage to fight again.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example:&lt;/strong&gt; If you fight on Friday night the 1st at 6:PM, you cannot fight again until the following weekend, Friday night the 8th at 6:01 PM&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are other reasons for this rule as well. These reasons will also explain why a fighter can fight multiple times within 2-3 days if only on the SAME event. Such as;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It stops a fighter from booking back to back fights where as the second fight's promoter risks him not being on his event if injured the week before.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It gives the sanctioning bodies and the MMA Databases a chance to make sure all the fighters results are made public. An amateur fighter could fight as a pro and turn around and fight as an amateur a week later because the news had not gotten out yet he fought pro.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FINE &amp;amp; SUSPENSION:&lt;/strong&gt; If ANY AMATEUR fighter is caught breaking this rule, by fighting for another organization or on an unsanctioned event within 7 days of an &lt;strong&gt;ISCF&lt;/strong&gt; Sanctioned event, that fighter will be suspended from competing by the &lt;strong&gt;ISCF&lt;/strong&gt; for a minimum of 60 days and fined a Medical Rest Period Fine of $250.00. &lt;em&gt;Suspension will remain until fine is paid.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2020-12-30T23:33:38.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25510" CreationDate="2021-01-01T06:35:04.123" Score="0" ViewCount="1174" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If i am not wrong, there was a rest day after 3 days play between both the cricketing nations in the 5 day test match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this rule now discarded ?&#xA;In case yes from which year and the reasons behind discarding this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20681" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T06:39:48.840" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T20:17:47.383" Title="Rest day in a Cricket Test match" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25509" CreationDate="2021-01-01T09:52:36.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Sundays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally in England, Test Matches started on a Thursday. This was so that Day 3 of the match, often the pivotal day, could be on a Saturday to maximise attendance when workers had the day off. Given that Sunday is the Christian holy day, sports would not be played on a Sunday - therefore a rest day. Other countries followed along with the tradition, to some extent because all the Test playing countries are heavily English influenced one way or another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons for the change are the normal ones: the increasing secularisation of society, meaning that Sunday is less special than it was, and money: a second day of big takings is good for the organisers. The first Test match in England which included Sunday play was the Trent Bridge Test in 1981, and rest days drifted away after that; the last rest days were on the Sunday of the Wimbledon tennis final but even that went in 1997.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that it is still not mandatory for a Test match to be played on 5 consecutive days - organisers &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; still have a rest day if they wish for one, although I don't believe one has been used since &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-bangladesh-2008-09-378736/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-378750/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dhaka in 2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-rest-is-history-384085&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The rest is history&lt;/a&gt; at Cricinfo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T09:52:36.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25468" CreationDate="2021-01-01T10:45:24.397" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a assistant referee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you are on one of the offside line near any of the teams sideline&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;one of the other assistant ref would be on the other sideline&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ow582.png&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is something called a defence line also know as off side line&#xA;this line is some times kept very high (closer to the halfline)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the assistant ref should  stay on the same line as the defense line and move according to the defenders moving  up and down&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When ball goes out for throw its the job of main ref to give the throw to the respective team the only exception is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if the ball is very close to where the  assistant ref is  standing and if the main ref is far ,then its the job of assistant ref to raise the flag and give signal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how to keep an eye&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Throw-In. When the ball crosses the touch line near to the assistant referee's position, the assistant referee must make a direct signal to indicate the direction of the throw-in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;rest of the time  focus on the off-side-line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;check more here   &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-11---offside#:%7E:text=It%20is%20not%20an%20offence,and%20the%20second%2Dlast%20opponent&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-11---offside#:~:text=It%20is%20not%20an%20offence,and%20the%20second%2Dlast%20opponent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20695" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-02T18:22:54.010" LastActivityDate="2021-01-02T18:22:54.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25515" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-02T06:40:45.203" Score="0" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the height of football player really matter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Physical strength like muscle strength has a lot of importance in football but does height really affect a player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know being too short like below 5 feet (160 cm) is big disadvantage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;players who are small&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Diego Armando Mardona-164 cm Napoli and Argentina&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lorenzo Insigne -164 cm Napoli&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lionel Messi -167 cm Barcelona&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20695" LastEditorUserId="20695" LastEditDate="2021-01-02T06:52:34.030" LastActivityDate="2021-01-02T07:08:27.573" Title="How does the height of a Football Player affect that player" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-01-02T06:59:25.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25515" CreationDate="2021-01-02T06:55:43.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does affect some positions, but not all of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Goalkeepers:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Goalkeepers need to be tall to maximise the chances of reaching a high ball. In fact, most of them are over 190cm. There are even some examples of really tall goalies like Thibaut Courtois who is 199cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Centre-Backs:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Centre-Backs also need to be tall and physically strong because they need to head high balls, and body-check the opponent players. One of the best centre-back in the world, Virgil van Dijk, is 193cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Full-backs:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full-backs don't need to be tall (actually I rarely see tall full-backs), they need to have good stamina for 90 minutes and be very fast. For instance, Trent Alexander-Arnold is 175cm (not so tall).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Midfielders:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Midfielders don't need to be tall, a regular height is ok. They just need good passes. Like Frenkie de Jong is 180cm, not so short and not so tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Attackers:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two types of attackers need a different height. The first type is the &amp;quot;Target man&amp;quot; and the second type is just a regular attacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A target man stands in front and everyone feeds them the ball. Those people need to be tall and strong so they can head the ball, bump the defenders and maybe control the ball with their chest. Zlatan Ibrahimovic is a target man and has a height of 195cm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A regular striker doesn't need to be tall (in fact, it's actually better to be short) because if they are tall and they dribble, defenders will pull them down since the latter are tall. Whereas if they were short and stocky it would be hard for defenders to pull them down because they're already taller than the strikers, so they would have to trip you or fall on you, which could get you a free-kick or a penalty. A short striker is Messi (170cm) or Maradona (165cm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20698" LastEditorUserId="17045" LastEditDate="2021-01-02T07:08:27.573" LastActivityDate="2021-01-02T07:08:27.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25360" CreationDate="2021-01-03T00:58:13.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume when you say 'corners' you mean the vertical edges of the table rather than the top surface? Firstly it is unlikely that the ball will hit the edge or corner and you won't be able to determine if the ball was in or out, and so I don't think the protectors will make much of a difference here. I have had a table for 10+ years without protectors and it's been fine.&#xA;To clarify, when the ball hits the edge and it bounces 90 degrees to the side or upwards from that angle, it is up/in play, and below 90 degrees is considered down/out of play. You could take the protectors off if they eventually annoy you or it disrupts the play but I am pretty sure it won't matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can include a photo in your question perhaps just to make sure I am not mistaken in your question that would be ideal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20704" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-03T01:45:43.480" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T01:45:43.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="383" CreationDate="2021-01-03T14:44:48.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you are talking about just serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While facing a heavy top spin serve, I was never successful with upward swing, no matter how close the angle, while a forward swing closed angle blocking (let the ball stay more time on racket) shot worked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Heavy Bottom spin can be countered by a push stroke, where you again let the ball stay more time on racket to reduce its spin &amp;amp; prevent it from going down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the heavy bottom serve is deep, you can try to make it top spin with more open angle racket and more upward swing and hit the ball after the peak of its bounce, do not let the ball stay in your racket for long. Swing &amp;amp; contact should be so swift, such that it doesn't produce a sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20705" LastEditorUserId="20705" LastEditDate="2021-01-04T05:28:11.340" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T05:28:11.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25247" CreationDate="2021-01-03T15:19:10.557" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it depends on the player's level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your argument that there are less moving parts in the stroke using an Eastern grip is plausible, but a beginner will struggle with controlling the ball, whereas a pro player won't have these problems, no matter which grip he is using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It just depends on your experience. The longer you play, the more precisely you will be able to place the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20706" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T15:19:10.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25335" CreationDate="2021-01-03T15:45:17.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, it can break the return rhythm of your opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, the return player cannot return the ball cross-court, but only longline. This might force him to errors or a weak return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if he tries to return cross-court, your partner at the net can hit the ball to the open side (cross-court).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a translation of an explanation of the Australian- and the I-formation from a german tennis forum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Australian lineup&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your opponents are returning heavily and you are having a hard time getting your serves through? In this case it might be worth considering switching to the Australian lineup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Australian lineup, the server stands right next to the center marker (= the tip on the baseline). His partner is in the same half of the court, positioned next to the center line. In the following, the net player is responsible for the left side of the court, the server for the right. So it is exactly the other way around compared to the classic lineup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Australian lineup is an effective variation if you want your opponents to&#xA;to force your opponents to make more longline returns.&#xA;The server typically plays the ball through the middle or to the body. The return player is now forced to return longline if he wants to avoid the net player. This change often throws the returner out of rhythm, especially if he has been returning mainly cross-court. He may make more mistakes now than before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the Australian formation, the net player can also intervene by moving diagonally forward to the other half of the court and intercepting the return. This is often even advisable, because the server may not be able to move up quickly enough and would therefore be forced into a difficult volley from the half court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a geometric point of view, the Australian formation is slightly disadvantageous compared to the conventional formation. This is evident from the fact that the server has a longer run to cover the court. The advantage of the Australian variation is mainly the surprise effect. It reverses the normal pattern and can thus disrupt the rhythm of the opposing team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I-Formation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The I formation differs from the Australian formation in that the server's partner kneels crouched over the service line. This variation is also designed to cross the return rhythm of the opponents. Since the net player can intercept returns hit crosscourt, the opposing team may feel compelled to play longline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the I-formation, your opponent may be forced to make riskier returns and commit more errors.&#xA;For the I-formation to work, your partner at the net must be able to parry powerful returns with reflex volleys. The advantage is that the net player narrows the angles for the return because he is closer to the returner (similar to a soccer goalie moving toward the shooter). A disadvantage could be that with this set-up you give the opposing team more space to lob cross-court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translated with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.DeepL.com/Translator&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;www.DeepL.com/Translator&lt;/a&gt; (free version)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;Here is the source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.saitenforum.de/board/showthread.php?t=25488&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.saitenforum.de/board/showthread.php?t=25488&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20706" LastEditorUserId="20706" LastEditDate="2021-01-03T17:42:45.487" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T17:42:45.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2021-01-03T18:08:48.927" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its just like quaterbacks , its a thinking rooted in racism that white people make better decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20707" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T18:08:48.927" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20124" CreationDate="2021-01-03T20:52:43.500" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a treadmill desk which I use while working.  I am a full time stock trader and comfortably can work and walk at a pace of just under 3 miles per hour.  For 2020, I averaged 46,967 steps per day as measured on my fitbit app (and this misses some of my steps for recharging).  On a typical weekday, I walk 55,000 steps and weekends 40,000 steps.  I am 67 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've walked one week over 60,000 steps per day and a few days in the year under 20,000 day (on vacation in Europe).  Overall, when I push it, I can easily get 70,000 steps in a day (and on one day exceeded 80,000.  So is it possible to do 50,000 steps per day.  I would say easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I really pushed it, I think at 67, I could do 70,000 steps in a day.  So a young stud at 25, should be able to do 90,000 steps per day.  I think these numbers are believeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20709" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T20:52:43.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25526" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-03T22:40:18.097" Score="2" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;If they are legal for batters, then can a pitcher wear a glove on his pitching hand? If the reason for allowing batting gloves is to 'increase the quality of the grip on the bat' then it makes sense for a pitching glove to 'increase the quality of grip on the ball'. I'm sure a batter would agree, because very few batters look forward to an errant cold weather or drizzeld rain, 100 mph baseball heading straight for his . . . . assorted body parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20708" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-01-06T17:25:43.573" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T17:25:43.573" Title="Where in MLB rules does it say batting gloves are legal?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25527" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25529" CreationDate="2021-01-04T12:47:46.560" Score="2" ViewCount="736" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who has been the smallest player ever to play the NBA ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T23:17:09.187" Title="Who has been the smallest player ever to play the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25528" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-04T12:49:25.867" Score="1" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the current game between South-Africa and Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka was bowled out for 157 in 40 odd overs. Dean Elgar ended the day on 90 odd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This made me wonder how many times in test cricket have a team fielding first managed a player with a century on day 1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2024-02-11T18:04:42.750" Title="How many times has a team put in to field scored a century on day 1?" Tags="|cricket|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25527" CreationDate="2021-01-04T12:49:26.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is Muggsy Bogues&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Muggsy Bogues is the shortest player in NBA history, listed at 5'3”. He was drafted 12th overall by the Washington Bullets in 1987 and played later played for the Hornets, Warriors and Raptors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is only 160cm tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a list of shortest NBA players &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1060622-shortest-nba-players-10-players-with-tons-of-heart&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20698" LastEditorUserId="20698" LastEditDate="2021-01-04T23:17:09.187" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T23:17:09.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25530" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-04T13:11:54.577" Score="2" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since most people serve from directly behind the line I was surprised to notice that it's not always the case. Why would someone serve from further back?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20712" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-11-07T11:28:47.627" LastActivityDate="2021-11-07T11:28:47.627" Title="Why don't some people serve from directly behind the line but sometimes one or more meters behind it?" Tags="|volleyball|serve|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25526" CreationDate="2021-01-04T16:14:50.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First the legalities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rule 6.02 (c)(7) Comment:&lt;/em&gt; The pitcher may not attach anything to either hand, any finger out either wrist&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, pitchers may not want to do it. In Football the quarterback is allowed to wear a glove on their throwing hand and the only player that does that is Teddy Bridgewater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, don’t worry about safety of the batters because most pitchers are using foreign substances anyways. (See what Trevor Bauer has to say about it &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/trevor-bauer-mlb-pitchers-steroids-pine-tar/2qhjxr7i4yrq1t15yl99ysvp2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/trevor-bauer-mlb-pitchers-steroids-pine-tar/2qhjxr7i4yrq1t15yl99ysvp2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20676" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T16:14:50.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25530" CreationDate="2021-01-04T18:54:12.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless you can start the serve from twice the height of the net, you are relying on gravity to pull the ball down into the court.  The harder the serve, the straighter the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a given height at which you can serve from the back line, there will come a maximum service speed at which the ball cannot both go over the net and land in the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By serving from farther back, you can have the same forward speed on the ball, but since it has more time in flight, the vertical speed as it crosses the net can be higher, allowing the serve to land in the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-01-04T18:54:12.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-04T21:56:08.453" Score="3" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand there's a limit to the number of fans due to coronavirus, but why are they all just in one quadrant of the stands with the rest of the stands empty rather than spread throughout the whole stands? Surely this gets rid of the whole point of limiting the number of fans (to allow people to distance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20715" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T07:18:11.213" Title="Why are all the fans in football games in the same part of the stands rather than spread out?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25535" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25540" CreationDate="2021-01-05T05:23:38.817" Score="-3" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the biggest margin with which a team has won an NBA game ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19414" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T10:09:15.447" Title="What is the biggest margin with which a team has won an NBA game?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25533" CreationDate="2021-01-05T07:18:11.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Opening less stands is cost effective and requires less staff being exposed to possible infections. Also watching fans in fewer stands is easier for the security staff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The limits are not just for distancing on the stands. In fact, the stands are the least of the problems they have. When the fans are all seated they don't pose much of a threat to their neighbours anymore (as long as they keep their required distance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The limits have several other reasons as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;avoid bigger crowds at the entrances and on premises&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;avoid overcrowded public transport&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;retain a reasonable number of infections in case of a spreading&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T07:18:11.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25539" CreationDate="2021-01-05T07:52:38.437" Score="0" ViewCount="7142" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that there are few fielding restriction on leg side, for example that there should not be more than 5 fielders on leg side. But is there similar restriction to offside as well? Can I place all my 9 fielders in off side? I have checked the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The fielder Law | MCC - Lord's Cricket Ground&lt;/a&gt; but there was nothing mentioned about off side fielding restrictions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20719" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-05T08:52:09.960" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T08:52:09.960" Title="How many fielders are allowed on offside in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25538" CreationDate="2021-01-05T08:51:19.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; restriction in the Laws of Cricket is that in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 28.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the instant of the bowler’s delivery there shall not be more than two fielders, other than the wicket-keeper, behind the popping crease on the on side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means you could have 9 fielders on the on side if you wish, so long as 7 of them are in front of the popping crease, or if you wish, all 9 fielders on the off side, either in front of or behind the popping crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual formats and tournaments may introduce further restrictions; for example, the restriction to having no more than 5 fielders on the on side is part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/playing-conditions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Playing Conditions for both One Day Internationals and T20 Internationals&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.4.1 At the instant of delivery, there may not be more than 5 fielders on the leg side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but that is not part of the Laws of Cricket. I don't believe that any ICC tournaments have a restriction on the number of off side fielders, but you would need to refer to the Playing Conditions for the specific tournament you are interested in if you want a definitive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T08:51:19.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25535" CreationDate="2021-01-05T10:09:15.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is very easily searched for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest margin in the history of the NBA is &lt;strong&gt;68&lt;/strong&gt; and was achieved in 1991, when the Cleveland Cavaliers beat Miami Heat with &lt;strong&gt;148-80&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/199112170CLE.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;game report&lt;/a&gt;). In there is also a link to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/team_pts.html#all_team-largest-mov-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; showing lots of other NBA records. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.landofbasketball.com/statistics/largest_margins.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is another source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T10:09:15.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25541" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-05T16:28:53.720" Score="0" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering what sport/activity is played on this field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's located between a skatepark and other sport fields, there was no signs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uhcmT.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uhcmT.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20720" LastActivityDate="2021-01-05T16:28:53.720" Title="What is this small field with two oval lanes?" Tags="|match-identification|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15522" CreationDate="2021-01-06T07:28:55.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 1), using reference from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/mag/CoP_MAG_2017-2020_ICI-e.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIG MAG 2017 Code of Points&lt;/a&gt; (PDF download), the closest one I could find was number 64 in Part 3, Rings skills section (page 87), which was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vertical pull up with straight arms to cross or L-cross&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my experience as a gymnast, it &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; be concisely called&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vertical Pull up with straight arms to cross or L-cross momentarily, then lift to support&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For 2), it could be possibly Yuri Van Gelder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from what User28415 said but searching on Youtube gives me an idea that it could be one of Yuri's own new skills on the still rings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20721" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-06T07:33:31.027" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T07:33:31.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11961" CreationDate="2021-01-06T10:42:32.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, stumping is not out off a no-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, a runout is valid off a no-ball. How is stumping different? If the batsman attempts to make a run, is outside his crease, and the wicketkeeper takes the bails off, this is a runout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the batsman is just outside his crease as a followthrough of his shot, and has not made any attempt to run, and if the wicketkeeper takes the bails off, this is a stumping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20722" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-06T10:46:19.257" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T10:46:19.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25545" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-07T00:40:24.987" Score="1" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking at various inline-skate sites and all refer to weight without specifying whether it is for one skate or for the pair. (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.skatepro.com/en-us/23-7195.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I guess there must be a rule when referring to inline-skate weight that I miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is it for one or both skates?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20724" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-01-07T21:53:46.933" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T23:06:20.603" Title="Does the inline-skate weight refer to one or both skates?" Tags="|equipment|skating|inline-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-07T04:04:49.947" Score="3" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a stat for how often a hitter gets on base via walk, hit, hit by ball. Anything excluding homeruns.&#xA;As in the percentage of time people  actually stand on a base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20725" LastEditorUserId="20725" LastEditDate="2021-01-08T14:28:13.880" LastActivityDate="2021-01-08T14:28:13.880" Title="Looking for the name of an on-base stat that I am sure exists" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25547" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-07T08:35:53.797" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many commentators refer to a player's 40-yard dash time to make a point of how fast a player is. This is admittedly relevant by the time of the draft but not so much afterwards, one would think. Many fast receivers can't make it to Combine due to injuries every year, and it doesn't mean that they are any slower than others. Similarly, just because a player has had a relatively good/bad time once doesn't mean that they will perform at that level consistently throughout their career. There is a thing called a decline, and another thing called improvement :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the amount of technology that is available, one would think it would surely be possible to get more up-to-date measurements of running speed and/or acceleration. Why is the combine 40-time still a thing after years in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="364" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-07T22:39:23.327" LastActivityDate="2021-02-07T17:00:35.047" Title="Why combine stats, especially the 40-yard dash, relevant and referred to years after the draft?" Tags="|statistics|nfl|performance|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25547" CreationDate="2021-01-07T16:57:50.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it would surely be possible to get more up-to-date measurements of running speed and/or acceleration one would think&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely it's possible, and in these days of analytics every single NFL team will be doing this for every player multiple times a season. But they don't make that data public, both because it could give an advantage to opposing teams and because the players don't want it made public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty much the only things which are public are the player's combine performances, so they get used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T16:57:50.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14170" CreationDate="2021-01-07T19:23:57.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to clearly link this response to the video, in the first instance (:38) you can see the player in white tries to get out of the way to leave a path to the ball, but just doesn't quite clear out enough. As a result there's a small amount of interference, but it's not really anyone's fault - so Let.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second instance (:58), white hits then clearly steps back into the path of the striker, who no longer has a path to the ball. So here the stroke is awarded because white did not make a reasonable attempt to clear the path and blue could easily have hit the ball to the front wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, I suspect white meant for that ball to be much shorter and lower in which case it would have been a winner, and resulted in a No Let. This is what happens in the third case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last one (1:38) is a No Let because white hits the ball very well (low and short) so that the striker did not have any chance of getting to the ball regardless of the interference. Basically the second and third shots are the same situation, the only difference being whether or not blue had a chance on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20728" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T19:23:57.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25546" CreationDate="2021-01-07T21:02:47.717" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would guess you're referring to On Base Percentage (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/On_base_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/On_base_percentage&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20729" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T21:02:47.717" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25546" CreationDate="2021-01-07T21:18:20.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/on-base-percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;On base percentage&lt;/a&gt; (OBP) includes all methods of getting on base, but does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; exclude home runs.  All methods of reaching base safely are included except for errors, reached on a fielder's choice, or dropped third strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only major hitting stat that excludes home runs is &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.mlb.com/glossary/advanced-stats/babip&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Batting Average on Balls In Play&lt;/a&gt; (BABIP), which also would not include walks or HBPs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only area I would imagine a statistician might be interested in times on base (but not home runs) would be in evaluating baserunning, perhaps to use as a denominator; I do not believe there is a named statistic for that, though, they would simply use the OBP numerator and subtract home runs directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-01-07T21:24:10.860" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T21:24:10.860" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25545" CreationDate="2021-01-07T21:53:08.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your best bet is to contact the manufacturer or retailer for exact specs, especially since weight varies by size, as well as having limited comparative value when skates have very different wheel/bearing selections which make a big difference on total weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aggressive inline skates weigh around 1kg-1.5kg, or around 2.5-3.5 pounds, per skate.  See for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skatelogforum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3991&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this discussion of weight&lt;/a&gt;, which while a bit out of date is still within reason for current models.  As such, you can surmise that the site you linked is mentioning the weight for &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; skate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-01-07T21:53:08.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25553" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-08T11:46:46.007" Score="6" ViewCount="708" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Do_hD-lcTSQ?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the play starting at 16:25 and more specifically at about 16:58, the keeper touches first the ball and secondly possibly touches the opponent's feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if the attacker would be awarded a penalty here based on the keeper's challenge, why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20733" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-01-08T17:23:04.577" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T23:53:38.927" Title="The goalkeeper finds the ball first with his hands, is it a penalty?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|penalty-shot|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25547" CreationDate="2021-01-08T16:15:44.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;one would think it would surely be possible to get more up-to-date&#xA;measurements of running speed and/or acceleration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yeah there are more up to date stats on players stats and acceleration, but not official results captured at the same time where all teams agree on them. A lot of times when watching games, if a receiver or punt returner breaks out defenders with speed for a score the broadcast shows their speed throughout their run just seconds after it happens. So we definitely have the technology for it. These measurements are also in game, with pads on, so you could argue they're meaningful than a 40 yard dash in the combine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of the dash is that almost everyone who gets drafted goes through the combine and does the 40. So you have a stat line of those who got drafted on that year doing the same run, within days of each other under the exact same conditions. This is a stat line the measures a player's baseline speed/acceleration of when they got drafter. And since majority of draftees do it, it gives a precise measurable to the GMs to compare guys's speed/acceleration at the draft time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-01-08T16:15:44.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25553" CreationDate="2021-01-09T08:42:14.853" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this should've been a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Goalkeeper did come first to the ball, but he drops it, and after that, he trips player who was possibly in a good position to score a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20734" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T08:42:14.853" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17437" CreationDate="2021-01-09T19:46:58.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Great distinction between the two roles of Manager and Coach.  Take aways are that Manager has overall Strategic responsibility for the Club's affairs reporting to the Board.  The Coach's role is more Tactical, focusing on mental / psychological and physical preparation of the team for optimum performance as a system or unit, to the specific tactics needed against a specific opponent  This would include individual fitness and skill development of each player, as well as ensuring that there is a coherent (scientific) system of play, which ensures the best results, being mindful to identify the best positional placements on the field, also drills for attack and defence, as well as winning and recovery tactics, planned and executed in conjunction with the Manager.  The coach must have capacity to stand in for the Manager, in the event that the manager is absent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two roles would ideally be supported by such functions as the Team Medic, who ensures optimum health of the team, and attends to players in recovery from injury; also a Team Psychologist for morale boost, to build mental toughness at both individual and Team level, so that they can outlast their opponents, or bounce back when forced onto their book foot..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20735" LastEditorUserId="20735" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T19:56:31.960" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T19:56:31.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25561" CreationDate="2021-01-10T09:05:32.577" Score="2" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;The cricket toss gives each team a 50% chance of being able to choose whether they bat or bowl first. I think this is an illusion of control, and there's no advantage to winning it. I'll try and explain why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say we change the toss so that it's a simple &amp;quot;Heads = home team bats first, Tails = away team bats first&amp;quot;. Let's say the home team wants to bat first. Then they have a 50% chance of getting what they want. This is equivalent to them winning the toss and electing to bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two situations result in the same probability that a given team will start with what they want - so why do we use the (slightly) more convoluted method of giving the toss winner the option to choose? If we did a simple &amp;quot;H = home team bats, T = away team bats&amp;quot;, then the overall outcome would be the same, and it would remove all this debate around what kind of advantage winning the toss gives (because there is no &amp;quot;winning&amp;quot; the toss, you either get what you want or you don't).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there something wrong with my analysis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20737" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-10T20:30:07.090" LastActivityDate="2021-10-26T20:29:49.287" Title="Isn't the cricket toss just an illusion of control?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25557" CreationDate="2021-01-10T21:13:13.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pretty much, yes - although this is illusion of control isn't really unique to cricket; there are plenty of other sports where there is no real choice for the team losing the toss, or one of the two possibilities given is clearly stronger than the other so is always chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One minor scenario your idea of &amp;quot;heads home team bats&amp;quot; doesn't cover is the situation where the captains would make opposite choices when winning the toss - e.g. the home team would choose to bat if winning the toss, while the away team would choose to field (or vice versa), but that could be worked around by seeing if the captains agree beforehand and not bothering with the toss at all in that case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-10T21:13:13.053" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12539" CreationDate="2021-01-11T11:56:33.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of January 2021, the PAT would not be required in this case. The now updated &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#article-2.-period-extended&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 4.8.2(c)&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a touchdown is made on the last play of a period, the Try attempt shall be made (except during a sudden-death period, or if a touchdown is scored during a down in which time in the fourth period expires, and a successful Try would not affect the outcome of the game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/30689453/lack-conversion-attempt-end-playoff-loss-costs-bettors-underdog-chicago-bears&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This ESPN article&lt;/a&gt; states that the rule was changed in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T11:56:33.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25553" CreationDate="2021-01-11T23:53:38.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most likely, this is not a foul by either player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither player appears to act in a way to meet any of the requirements for a direct free kick that would be relevant, as Law 12, section 1 &lt;em&gt;Direct Free Kick&lt;/em&gt; defines the three manners as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an opponent and must be cautioned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use of force and/or endangers the safety of an opponent and must be sent off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks worse because&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the attacker is running at high speed, and the goalkeeper's movement crosses theirs, rather than being in the same direction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the attacker embellishes the result of the contact between the players, grasping the knee and curling up instead of attempting to shield his face or body while falling to the ground&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but both players have taken due care in attempting to play the ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the attacker is attempting to move himself and the ball away from the goalkeeper, not towards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the goalkeeper has slowed and places only their hands in the path of the ball and attacker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any contact is minimal and barely distinguishable from the contact of each player on the ball alone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is more arguable that this is an offence by the attacker, as at the moment of contact, the goalkeeper has both hands on and around the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, at the professional level, a first-team goalkeeper would be expected to easily hold the ball as they slide down to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12, section 2 &lt;em&gt;Indirect Free Kick&lt;/em&gt; states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball with the hand(s) when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball is between the hands or between the hand and any surface (e.g. ground, own body) or by touching it with any part of the hands or arms, except if the ball rebounds from the goalkeeper or the goalkeeper has made a save&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;holding the ball in the outstretched open hand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bouncing it on the ground or throwing it in the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper cannot be challenged by an opponent when in control of the ball with the hand(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the attacker has kicked the ball while it fulfills the definition of &lt;em&gt;on control&lt;/em&gt; above, they have breached the law. The appropriate restart would be an indirect free kick awarded to the goalkeeper's team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T23:53:38.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22442" CreationDate="2021-01-12T14:08:41.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Drew Lock and Carson Wentz threw 15 interceptions during the 2020 season, which is less than the aforementioned 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/pass_int_year_by_year.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro-Football-Reference.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20746" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-01-12T14:18:36.963" LastActivityDate="2021-01-12T14:18:36.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25565" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-12T14:50:35.743" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I really wonder, so if I would try to make the simplest, most stripped down but still legal F1 car, what parts are absolutely needed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm gonna guess the halo, safety cell and 4 tires are mandatory, but are there any other parts that are mandatory per F1 rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-10-31T18:51:28.413" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T18:51:28.413" Title="What parts of an F1 car are mandatory per rules?" Tags="|rules|equipment|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2001" CreationDate="2021-01-13T04:07:00.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of the 40 recognized team championships, a total of one hundred and eighty universities (180) have won at least one division one championship, since 1890.  Of those universities, twenty (20) are not currently division one schools - such as Chicago, which participated in division one sports until 1939 (football) and 1946 (most other sports), but won the 1938 Men's Gymnastics team title, and so is counted in that earlier list.  So, 160 teams have won at least one national team championship that are currently in Division One.  The actual number is likely smaller still due to teams that were added to Division One after 1973 and thereafter winning a team championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As there are over three hundred (300) universities that qualify as Division One schools for the period in question (I did not count exactly, but the current number is 357), there are a similar number of schools that have never won a team championship as have won a team championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full list can be found on the NCAA website, as the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Championship Summary&lt;/a&gt;.  The list can also be derived from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/YbY.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Championship Year-By-Year Summary&lt;/a&gt;.  It is not replicated here due to size.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One relevant piece of information, that might cause this number to be slightly inflated: the Football national champions from the FBS and the FCS are both included here.  So, for example, Appalachian State is included in the list of &amp;quot;has won&amp;quot;, due to their three FCS national titles.  Many would not consider this to qualify as a Division 1 National Championship, but the NCAA does, so I include it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T04:07:00.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-13T07:11:42.777" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;At about 22′58″ into the video linked below, the Red Sox's batter (Christian) swung and missed when the Yankees' catcher didn't get the ball either. If Christian didn't swing, could he get a walk? The link starts at 22′53″.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/7z2amsE-nIw?start=1373&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20750" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T16:21:58.307" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T17:19:16.577" Title="Could the batter get a walk when the catcher didn't catch the ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25568" CreationDate="2021-01-13T16:52:53.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019 MLB rulebook&lt;/a&gt; a BALL is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...a pitch which &lt;strong&gt;does not enter the strike zone&lt;/strong&gt; in flight and is &lt;strong&gt;not&#xA;struck at by the batter&lt;/strong&gt;. If the pitch touches the ground and bounces&#xA;through the strike zone it is a &amp;quot;ball.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the linked pitch, neither of these are true (by my estimation).   Whether the catcher catches the ball directly has no bearing on the calling the pitch as a strike or a ball.  Assuming the umpire judges the pitch as entering the strike zone, this is still a strike even without the batter swinging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a scenario on a dropped third strike that the batter is allowed to attempt to reach first base (rule 5.05(a)(2)), but it doesn't change how the pitch is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T17:19:16.577" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T17:19:16.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25578" CreationDate="2021-01-13T17:28:35.117" Score="4" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/scmoU.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/scmoU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Le Mans, there's a board at the entrance to the pits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first numbers are easy. Its the time remaining in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the second, I can't figure out what it is. Seems like an hour, but it's heavily wrong. Like here it shows 17:03, which is 5:03PM if you don't know European 24 hour time, but it somewhere close to 4am in le Mans at this point of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is that second set of numbers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="2011" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T15:54:53.277" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T15:54:53.277" Title="In Le Mans, what is that second Timer on the timer board?" Tags="|auto-racing|road-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25574" CreationDate="2021-01-13T17:30:45.677" Score="2" ViewCount="3357" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p9ZZe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p9ZZe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;photo of race car in Le Mans&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Le Mans, all cars have 3 lights on the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The color part is easy: It is the color of the series you are racing in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But sometimes 1 is lit, other times it is 2 or 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the logic of those lights?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-16T08:58:39.837" LastActivityDate="2022-09-03T22:30:13.007" Title="In Le Mans, what are the 3 lights on the side of the car?" Tags="|equipment|road-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15215" CreationDate="2021-01-13T19:02:08.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanted to supplement &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/15218/3763&quot;&gt;Ben Miller's answer&lt;/a&gt; with some information on how difficult it actually is to defeat a team 3 times in one season. It is often said that it is very difficult for an NFL team to beat another team 3 times in one season, but it turns out that is not true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to an ESPN &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/30698727/nfl-experts-debate-deshaun-watson-trade-fits-playoff-teams-upset-alert-steelers-future-bold-predictions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, from 1970 through 2019, teams that swept an opponent during the regular season and then faced them again in the playoffs won the playoff game 67% of the time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't buy the old adage that &amp;quot;it's tough to beat a team three times,&amp;quot; because since 1970 teams that beat a team twice in the regular season and saw them again in the playoffs are 14-7 in the rematch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T19:02:08.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25572" CreationDate="2021-01-13T19:29:36.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are apparently called &amp;quot;leader lights&amp;quot;, and they indicate that the car is currently in the top three in its class. If you have one leader light on, you're currently 1st in your class; two leader lights means you're 2nd; three means you're 3rd; and if they're all off, that means you're 4th or below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, you can see in your screenshot that the #22 car is currently leading the LMP2 class, and accordingly, it only has one leader light on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that the purpose of these lights is to make it easier for spectators at the track - who don't have the TV graphics available to them - to tell who's actually winning. Endurance racing has much greater field spread than, say, Formula One, with cars often ending up multiple laps behind the one in front, making it hard to tell at a glance who's in what position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T19:29:36.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15830" CreationDate="2021-01-13T20:28:51.157" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would guess they are different because the rulebooks were written by different people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the day I would expect both leagues to rule the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player that did the move gets the penality. In the example, A2 is basically just a tool for the check to go from A1 to the checked player. So it's him that gets the penality, not the player that was checked into another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T20:28:51.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20282" CreationDate="2021-01-13T20:47:47.643" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, brands change their brand/mascot just because the old one is played out or the current management finds it uninteresting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And really, a few years later I would say the gritty experiment worked. Its one of the most spoken of mascots of the league while I could not even name the previous Flyers mascot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-01-14T14:09:53.253" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T14:09:53.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25571" CreationDate="2021-01-14T00:05:59.703" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are the current temperature and windspeed - as you can see from this image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzyvi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzyvi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referring to your image, the 17 is referring to the current temperature in degrees Celsius, and the 03 is the wind speed in km/h&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T00:05:59.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25581" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-15T23:23:46.693" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a football referee show a direct red card to a player because of an event happened 10 minutes ago?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume that the game was played in those minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-16T00:12:14.643" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T02:06:30.617" Title="Direct red card for an event that happened 10 minutes ago?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25581" CreationDate="2021-01-16T00:09:35.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt;, but they &lt;strong&gt;should not&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12, section 3 &lt;em&gt;Disciplinary Action&lt;/em&gt; begins&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including kicks from the penalty mark).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It later states in part &lt;strong&gt;Delaying the restart of play to show a card&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the referee has decided to caution or send off a player, play must not be restarted until the sanction has been administered, unless the non-offending team takes a quick free kick, has a clear goal-scoring opportunity and the referee has not started the disciplinary sanction procedure. The sanction is administered at the next stoppage; [two specific situations excepted]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, if play has not been stopped, or was restarted under particular circumstances, the referee &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; delay the sending-off (red card) until the next stoppage in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the following part &lt;strong&gt;Advantage&lt;/strong&gt; clarifies,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play, violent conduct or a second cautionable offence unless there is a clear opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball is next out of play, but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick, unless the player committed a more serious offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, IFAB clearly expects a player who should be sent off, to be sent off immediately, except when doing so would prevent a goalscoring opportunity for the opponent. This is more limiting than the previous statement, but allows for discretion to allow another sequence of play if it is more advantageous to the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not recommended that a referee decide or, through indecision, allow such a situation to occur, but, if it does occur due to a delay in making the decision to send off, that play can continue and the disciplinary sanction applied afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ten minutes is a very long sequence of play without a stoppage, and, unless the opponent spent the entirety of that time in the midst of a goalscoring opportunity, should have been stopped earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-01-16T00:09:35.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-16T15:32:51.850" Score="1" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a football referee show a yellow card or a direct red card for an offense happened ten minutes ago, simply because they realise that they gave an incorrect decision for not showing the card for the offense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-04-16T22:28:10.737" LastActivityDate="2022-01-12T00:03:10.297" Title="Yellow card or direct red card for an offense that happened 10 minutes ago?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25583" CreationDate="2021-01-16T17:53:15.143" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is VAR (video assistant referee) in certain leagues. The incident would then get reviewed and the referee could show a yellow card or a red card to the player. In certain cases, he could also remove a yellow card from a player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20763" LastActivityDate="2021-01-16T17:53:15.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25589" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-17T15:43:41.427" Score="1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have this picture of a sailing club burgee, found at a relatives house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the club ensign be identified?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3n13l.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3n13l.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20770" LastActivityDate="2021-01-17T15:43:41.427" Title="Identify this blue/red sailing club burgee" Tags="|sailing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2021-01-17T20:41:43.763" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-18T00:36:58.600" Score="2" ViewCount="706" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this considered a touchdown - attempting a catch, the receiver gets one foot touched down in bounds, then the knee touches the ground out of bounds, then the second foot touches in bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20771" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-18T19:28:54.807" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T16:12:20.820" Title="Is it a touchdown if the receiver puts a knee out of bounds before the second foot in bounds?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25590" CreationDate="2021-01-18T08:40:15.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL then, no, both feet always need to touch in bounds while the receiver has possession. Once any part of the body touches out of bounds the play is immediately dead so anything that happens after that instant doesn’t matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/4693/2020-nfl-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 2, Article 7: Player Possession&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now for a reception in the NCAA the point is irrelevant as the rule is you only need to establish one foot in bounds while maintaining possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR20.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 4, Article 3: Catch, Interception, Recovery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20666" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T16:12:20.820" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T16:12:20.820" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25593" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-19T11:01:29.837" Score="2" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following scenario, can the referee cancel the goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball goes out of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A fight begins between to player of different teams.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee warns both players, ends the fight and restarts the play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Plays restarts and one of the players who fought scores a goal just 10 seconds after the game restarted.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;At the same time, assistant referee warns the head referee that the player who scored a goal had hit his/her opponent during the fight.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The head referee shows the player red card and sends him/her off.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the referee can send the player off but cannot cancel the goal, even though the goal was scored by the player who must have been sent-off. The reason why I think like that is, the position has changed after the fight. Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-02-02T06:30:28.277" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T06:30:28.277" Title="Can the referee cancel the goal in such case?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25593" CreationDate="2021-01-19T12:22:08.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The referee can not change a decision after restarting the game, unless it's an offence according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/94/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; the assistant has signaled prior to the restart. Luckily enough a red card for punching someone is covered by 12.3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means the referee can send the player off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/25/section/53/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5 Referee&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Except as outlined in Law 12.3&lt;/strong&gt; and the VAR protocol, a disciplinary&#xA;sanction may only be issued after play has restarted if another match&#xA;official had identified and attempted to communicate the offence to&#xA;the referee before play restarted; &lt;em&gt;the restart associated with the&#xA;sanction does not apply&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you're right. The goal does count. This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/95/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4.&lt;/a&gt; and even 5.2. itself (as highlighted above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the&#xA;previous decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball was out of play in your case, so it's simple. The game was restarted with a throw-in, which led to a goal. This was completely legal and even sending off the scorer afterwards doesn't change anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2021-01-19T12:28:32.257" LastActivityDate="2021-01-19T12:28:32.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-20T22:16:30.537" Score="1" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Law-5, the referee cannot change the restart decision once the play restarted. He/she can only issue disciplinary action for the events happened before the restart. In this context, does referee's decision of playing the advantage count as a restart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T11:16:02.163" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T11:16:02.163" Title="Does playing advantage count as a restart in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25597" CreationDate="2021-01-20T23:53:29.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Play has not been stopped - that is the entire purpose of advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither has a restart occurred. Law 8, &lt;em&gt;Introduction&lt;/em&gt; lists all restarts of play. For completeness, they are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kick-off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Free kick (direct or indirect)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Penalty kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throw-in&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Corner kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dropped ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-01-20T23:53:29.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20822" CreationDate="2021-01-21T04:39:31.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a playoff team claims a player on waivers, he cannot join the team until after the Super Bowl. However, if the player goes through waivers unclaimed, he becomes a free agent and can be signed by any playoff team immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2021/01/20/unclaimed-on-waivers-mark-ingram-can-now-sign-with-a-playoff-team/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBC Sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20779" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T08:45:22.957" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T08:45:22.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25600" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-21T12:07:53.527" Score="0" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;During corner kicks, players sometimes commit an infringement against their opponent just before the ball is in play. Then the referee blows her whistle because she is either warned by another match official or sees the infringement herself. After that, she takes the proper disciplinary action and makes the corner kick be re-taken. Should the referee follow the same procedure if a similar event happens during a throw-in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T12:36:29.217" Title="Can a throw-in be re-taken in football (soccer)?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-01-21T14:19:53.380" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25593" CreationDate="2021-01-21T12:36:29.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It actually doesn't matter what the restart of the game is. This can be a kick-off, corner, throw-in, free kick,... anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is not in play at the time of an offence the restart will not change. This also counts for throw-ins. As long as the ball is not in play the throw will be re-taken, even after a brawl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/95/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.4.&lt;/a&gt; is very clear in that matter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RESTART OF PLAY AFTER FOULS AND MISCONDUCT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the&#xA;previous decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T12:36:29.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25026" CreationDate="2021-01-21T20:25:19.623" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They would not get the touchdown since this play is during a kickoff and the Patriots are the kicking team. If the ball hits the ground inside the endzone, it would be a touchback and the receiving team would have the ball on their 25 yard line. The Patriots are trying to limit the gain of the receiving team and, therefore, are keeping the ball outside of the endzone to give the receiving team a bad field position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20784" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T20:25:19.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25606" CreationDate="2021-01-22T10:20:30.343" Score="2" ViewCount="831" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always been puzzled by the True Shooting Percentage (TSP) metric. Its goal is evidently to give a general idea of how efficient a scorer is, but the way it's calculated is extremely puzzling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to basketball-reference, this is the formula: &lt;code&gt;PTS / (2 * ( FGA + 0.44 * FTA))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;TSP doesn't account for shot distribution between 2 pointers and 3 pointers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not sure why 0.44 is chosen there. Does anyone know where it comes from?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't using Points Per Shot (PPS) make more sense, with it being calculated as follows: &lt;code&gt;PTS / FGA&lt;/code&gt;? One could include or exclude free-throws easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, does anyone know why TSP is such a commonly used metric and PPS isn't? Does TSP have merits that I don't know about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20786" LastActivityDate="2021-01-22T12:33:29.703" Title="True Shooting Percentage (TSP) vs Points Per Shot (PPS)" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25605" CreationDate="2021-01-22T12:25:55.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/thunder/news/stats101.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oklahoma City Thunder's page on Statistical Analysis Primer, by Kevin Pelton of Supersonics.com&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The TSP metric is discussed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shooting Efficiency - If there is an on-base percentage in the NBA - a statistic that has traditionally been undervalued - it would probably be some measure of a player's efficiency in scoring points. There's a stereotype that all statistical analysts think Allen Iverson is a bad player due to his low shooting percentage that is untrue because Iverson's ability to create shots and get his teammates better looks is valuable. Still, being efficient with your shots is very important. The two most common ways of measuring the concept of shooting efficiency are Effective Field-Goal Percentage (eFG%) and what this site calls True Shooting Percentage (TS%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Effective Field-Goal Percentage was popularized by current L.A. Clippers Coach Mike Dunleavy and the Rick Barry's Pro Basketball Bible series. It adjusts for the added value of three-pointers by counting them as 1.5 field goals, thus make it more fair to three-point shooters than field-goal percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;eFG% = (FGM + .5*3PM)/FGA&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;True Shooting Percentage goes a step further by factoring in a player's performance at the free-throw line and considering their efficiency on all types of shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TS% = Pts/(2*(FGA + (.44*FTA)))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Former Sonics guard Brent Barry - Rick's son - led the NBA in both categories in 2006-07, posting a 62.6% effective field-goal percentage and a 66.6% True Shooting Percentage. Barry has led the NBA in True Shooting Percentage three times, including twice while in Seattle. Rashard Lewis (58.7%) was the most efficient Sonics shooter by True Shooting Percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This matches what you have as well as many other sites, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_shooting_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's page on True Shooting Percentage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the 44% goes, I finally found a page on fansided.com, named &lt;a href=&quot;https://fansided.com/2015/08/31/nylon-calculus-101-true-shooting-percentage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nylon Calculus 101: True Shooting Percentage by Justin.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In it he mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What’s with the .44?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want to convert free throws into a shot attempt equivalent. Since players usually take two free throws at a time, the coefficient should be around 0.50. But we have to account for and-1’s, technical free throws, flagrant foul free throws, and 3PT free throws (three in a row.) Thus, based on testing, the 0.44 coefficient is used for the NBA, and it’s surprisingly accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He goes on to discuss a perhaps slightly more accurate way to come up with an exact percentage multiplier, but says that using 44% (0.44) for FTAs is accurate enough for general purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3755" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-01-22T12:33:29.703" LastActivityDate="2021-01-22T12:33:29.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25629" CreationDate="2021-01-22T19:49:46.817" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Perez almost not having a drive next year after finishing 4th in the Drivers championship, I wonder:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who are the top 5 of drivers that had the highest rank of the Worlds Driver Championship in their last season, but were forced to retire because their contract was not renewed? (the fact that it was their last year was not their decision)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="5036" LastEditDate="2021-01-22T20:26:54.970" LastActivityDate="2021-06-26T15:03:55.433" Title="Highest rank in last season without retiring?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-22T20:22:39.223" Score="4" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;AS Roma lost a game against Spezia in the 2020-21 Coppa Italia because they exceeded the number of substitutions they were allowed to do, mistakenly thinking they could go for a sixth one in extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee had noticed what was about to happen, would he have been required to step in and stop the substitution (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The referee: [...] enforces the Laws of the Game&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, Law 5)? Or should he have allowed the substitution to take place, only to caution the players involved immediately after (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For any other offences: [...] the players are cautioned&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, Law 3)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking because it seems to be &amp;quot;common knowledge&amp;quot; here in Italy that the referee shouldn't actually do anything in a situation like this, essentially allowing the team to be punished by the league after the match has ended, though I have found no evidence supporting this course of action in the IFAB Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-22T20:59:36.377" LastActivityDate="2021-01-22T20:59:36.377" Title="Does a football referee have a duty to prevent a team from using more substitutions than they're allowed to?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|substitution|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-23T17:52:59.517" Score="2" ViewCount="1034" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much like this year’s Tom Brady situation if he were to go to the Super Bowl. It’s his first season with the Bucs, who had a losing record last year. What, if any, past quarterbacks have taken their new team that had a previous losing record to the super bowl in that first season with the new team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20790" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T04:10:08.310" LastActivityDate="2022-08-14T22:08:21.483" Title="Which NFL quarterbacks traded to a new team and took them to the Super Bowl in their first season with their new team?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25613" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-23T21:39:39.363" Score="1" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose with a few hours of research I could figure it out…so I’m not asking anyone to go through that. Just wondering if anyone knows the answer or has found a single source of the information. All of the lists I’ve found are lacking it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20792" LastActivityDate="2021-06-24T00:02:30.243" Title="Who was the last college senior (used all four years of college eligibility) to be the first pick in the NBA draft?" Tags="|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25613" CreationDate="2021-01-24T23:46:40.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyon_Martin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kenyon Martin&lt;/a&gt; was drafted first overall in the year 2000, after his senior year of college at the University of Cincinnati.  He played &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/kenyon-martin-1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all four years&lt;/a&gt;, though his first year was not a starting role for the most part (only appearing in 22 games, and starting 3 of them).  No first overall pick after him played all four years of college (or even particularly close to it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-01-24T23:46:40.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25611" CreationDate="2021-01-25T00:04:21.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jake Delhomme might be the most recent clearly similar example, though obviously with a very, very different path through his career to that point (only a brief stint in the NFL, then more success in NFL Europe).  He was signed by the 7-9 Panthers in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Carolina_Panthers_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002-2003 offseason&lt;/a&gt;, and went on to lose &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Superbowl XXXVIII&lt;/a&gt; narrowly to Tom Brady's Patriots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Dilfer#Baltimore_Ravens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trent Dilfer&lt;/a&gt; nearly qualifies; he won Superbowl XXXV with the Ravens, in his only season on the team.  They went 8-8 in 1999, however, and certainly no-one would suggest Dilfer was particularly responsible for &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; team's success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another quarterback who might qualify, depending on how you count things, is Nick Foles  for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Philadelphia_Eagles_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/a&gt;, whose &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MVP-winning performance in Superbowl LII&lt;/a&gt; came the year after the Eagles were atrocious, but of course he wasn't the primary quarterback for the team until late in the game the Eagles clinched the division after Wentz &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/games/eagles-at-rams-2017-reg-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sprained his ACL&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-07-24T21:35:58.560" LastActivityDate="2022-07-24T21:35:58.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25619" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-25T10:42:55.387" Score="-2" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, there is no such rule which states a player cannot get in contact with opposing team’s goalkeeper in goalkeeper’s 6-yard box. However, in the local league, the referees gives a foul agaisnt the attacking team even if goalkeeper fouls the attacker inside defending team’s 6-yard box. I guess, the reason for such thing is, the coaches, players, and fans usually expect such a foul call after a physical contact with goalkeeper and attacking team’s player inside the 6-yard box. So, as shown in the example, can match officials take decisions which are not written in the book but seems correct in a common sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T11:17:38.650" Title="Can match officials take decisions which are not written in the book but seems correct in a common sense?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25619" CreationDate="2021-01-25T11:17:38.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No, they can't.&lt;/strong&gt; Every call must be made according to the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some rules have room for interpretation. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;not every physical contact is a foul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;challenges can be be risky for both players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;playing in a dangerous manner (what actually IS dangerous?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example the 6yd box used to be the goalkeeper's area years ago and it was not permitted to challenge the goalie in there. Referees often still call challenges against the goalie against the attacker, primarily because the attackers endanger the goalkeeper. Or they simply do, because the keeper already got their hands on the ball. From there on it's no longer allowed to challenge them. Without visual evidence it's hard to tell why a certain call has been made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T11:17:38.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25621" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-25T15:25:50.903" Score="0" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does arm angle with respect to the bowler's head (when seen from front or behind the bowler) need to be constant for all deliveries or can it be changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20804" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T20:51:28.383" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T20:51:28.383" Title="Does a legal delivery depend on the arm angle with respect to the head?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25621" CreationDate="2021-01-25T16:44:44.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;With regards to the arm, this is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/no-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a delivery to be fair in respect of the arm the ball must not be thrown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ball is fairly delivered in respect of the arm if, once the bowler’s arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or completely from that instant until the ball has left the hand.  This definition shall not debar a bowler from flexing or rotating the wrist in the delivery swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So long as the bowler's arm does not straighten in the delivery swing, it is legal; the Laws make no reference to the angle of the arm with respect to the head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are of course many other ways a delivery can be a no ball, ranging from the very common (not having the front foot on or behind the popping crease) to the very rare. These are all detailed or referred to in Law 21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T16:44:44.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25626" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-26T11:00:46.737" Score="-1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a scenario. The home team player has been fouled inside his/her opponents’ penalty area and the referee says play on.  Then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Home team loses the ball and away team starts a counter attack.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Away team loses the ball and home team regains possession.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This cycle goes on once more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the play did not stop during this period, can VAR still intervene for a penalty call review?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20761" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-02T21:56:11.717" LastActivityDate="2021-06-02T21:56:11.717" Title="Can VAR still intervene for a penalty call review even if the possession has changed many times?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25626" CreationDate="2021-01-26T11:39:09.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The hypothetical situation in question will never occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Presuming a review is permitted (the incident is reviewable, and is a &lt;em&gt;clear and obvious error&lt;/em&gt;), if the video assistant referee was going to intervene, it would have been at the time possession moved into a neutral area - as soon as the Away team obtained possession and before they &amp;quot;start a counter attack&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;VAR Protocol, section 4 &lt;em&gt;Procedures&lt;/em&gt;, subsection &lt;em&gt;Review&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If play has not already stopped, the referee stops play when the ball is next in a neutral zone/situation (usually when neither team is in an attacking move) and shows the 'TV signal'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-01-26T11:39:09.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25608" CreationDate="2021-01-27T13:59:17.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're not excluding drivers who subsequently returned to the sport in later years (after &amp;quot;retiring&amp;quot;) then the obvious answer would appear to be Kimi Räikkönen - he finished 6th in the 2009 championship only to get the elbow in favor of Alonso. Of course strictly speaking it wasn't that Kimi's contract wasn't renewed, IIRC Ferrari paid both him and Alonso and just had Alonso in the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we're only considering drivers who never returned then Nick Heidfeld comes to mind - he came 11th in the 2011 WDC after a fairly messy parting with Lotus Renault GP (only 11 races in to the season) and he expressed a desire/expectation to return to the sport at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One driver with a higher &amp;quot;last&amp;quot; championship finish then Heidfeld is the man Perez is replacing at Red Bull Racing - Alex Albon, he finished 7th in the 2020 WDC. He's without a race seat for 2021 and it certainly wasn't his Plan A! However we don't know yet whether he will return to the grid in the future or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T13:59:17.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25340" CreationDate="2021-01-30T09:56:43.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Underarm serves are completely fair in tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The act of starting a point is very deeply rooted to the &amp;quot;ritual&amp;quot; of performing an overhead serve. Hence a player always expects to return an overhead serve. Consequently, underhanded serves have the benefit of surprise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overhead serve has a &lt;em&gt;reason&lt;/em&gt; for being so common: it is far superior to the underhand serve in terms of difficulty of returning. The technique is designed to produce a much longer kinetic chain than underhand serves. Also, the point of impact for overhead serves is much higher than the net, allowing for better trajectories. Thus, the element of surprise is the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; benefit to underhanded serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A professional serving underhanded would be somewhat analogous to a good free-throw shooter throwing underhanded: he &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; do it &amp;quot;properly&amp;quot; and yet &lt;em&gt;chooses&lt;/em&gt; not to. The fundamental difference is that the element of surprise in an underhanded free-throw is meaningless, while in tennis it greatly affects the returner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reactions you cite are essentially a consequence of being caught-off-guard by a technique which, in terms of quality-of-shot alone (disregarding the mental aspect), is objectively far inferior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T09:56:43.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25302" CreationDate="2021-01-30T10:02:15.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following is a rough, elementary answer. It disregards subtleties such as pronation which are relevant to high level play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fundamental mechanic behind a tennis serve is that of throwing a ball. In a basic flat serve, your motion is that of throwing a ball forward. In a kick serve, the motion (for a right-handed player) is of throwing a ball to the right. This is usually enough to force the racquet to hit the ball upwards, generating the desired spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T10:02:15.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25638" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-30T13:36:04.183" Score="0" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Cricket there are a few rules that I am aware of that deal with understanding what constitutes a fair delivery or not that I know of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One rule is that the bowler cannot bowl from below their waist height (to prevent underarm deliveries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another rule is that once the bowling arm has reached shoulder height in the performing of a delivery, the arm cannot change its degree of bend by more than 15 degrees until the ball has been released.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This brings up the question in my mind, if a bowler bowled a ball with their arm above waist height at all time, but never above shoulder height, then is there any rule that says they can't bend/straighten their arm this way (since the bending rule only applies when the bowling arm raises above shoulder height)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20824" LastActivityDate="2022-06-24T18:05:30.417" Title="Fair sidearm delivery" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25638" CreationDate="2021-01-30T14:28:09.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One rule is that the bowler cannot bowl from below their waist height&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not exactly correct; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/no-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 21.1.2&lt;/a&gt; simply specifies that &amp;quot;Underarm bowling shall not be permitted&amp;quot; and does not attempt to precisely define what is &amp;quot;underarm bowling&amp;quot;. This may seem pedantic, but as your question is based on the letter of the Law rather than the spirit, it is important to get these things correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;since the bending rule only applies when the bowling arm raises above shoulder height&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would disagree with this. Law 21.2 specifies &amp;quot;For a delivery to be fair in respect of the arm the ball must not be thrown.&amp;quot;; the second paragraph of 21.2 should be interpreted as &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; definition of a throw, but not the only one. A bowler doing something like a baseball sidearm/submarine pitch is clearly throwing the ball, and should be no-balled for doing so. I accept that a team could try to make the same argument based on a literal reading of the rules that you are making here, and then appeal to the appropriate governing body if a no-ball were called. At that point, the governing body will tell them to stop being stupid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other option available to the umpires in this situation is simply to deem this tactic unfair play, which they are entitled to do via Law 41:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires shall be the sole judges of fair and unfair play. If an umpire considers that any action by a player, not covered in the Laws, is unfair, he/she shall call and signal Dead ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and if the action is then repeated, award penalty runs to the batting side. That will very quickly stop this tactic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T14:28:09.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2021-01-30T22:41:15.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The three fundamental differences between grass courts and hard courts are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reduced friction between the shoes and the grass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reduced friction between the ball and the grass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Softer impact of the ball on the grass.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reduced friction between the shoe sole and the surface makes it far harder to change directions quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reduced friction between the ball and the grass manifests in that the ball &amp;quot;skids&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;slips&amp;quot; along the grass blades upon impact. This makes the surface faster, the bounces lower and less predictable, and also reduces the effect of spin (whose effect increases as friction increases).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Softer impact on the surface also makes the ball bounce lower, since the impact is more elastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main technical adjustments are usually:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Flattening out ground strokes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting used to taking balls early.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Emphasizing slice and flat serve.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main tactical adjustments are usually:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Incorporating more approaches into the net.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playing closer to the baseline.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main physical adjustments are usually:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reduce upper body strength work (especially compared to clay).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Focus on low center-of-gravity exercises.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9719" LastEditorUserId="9719" LastEditDate="2021-01-30T22:47:44.057" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T22:47:44.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13938" CreationDate="2021-01-30T23:01:48.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use this to visualize it.  You need more space to make shots against the rail, even for a 7-foot (bar size) pool table.  If it's just for fun or if you have shorter pool cues, you might be able to get by.  Ideally, you should have 40% extra room for a standard 4.9' pool cue for stroking, which would require an extra 6.9' offset on each side of the pool table, excluding obstacles in the room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://print-graph-paper.com/virtual-graph-paper&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://print-graph-paper.com/virtual-graph-paper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VxvTZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VxvTZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20825" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T23:01:48.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25646" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-31T06:23:37.883" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Detroit Lions traded away their quarterback Mathew Stafford, in exchange for LA Ram's quarterback Jared Goff, 2 first round picks and a third round pick on January 30th 2021. The most interesting part about this trade (at least to me) is that both of these players were first overall draft picks. Stafford was the first overall pick of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_NFL_Draft#Player_selections&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009 draft&lt;/a&gt;, and Goff was the first overall pick of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft#Player_selections&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 draft&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have 2 (or more) first overall draft picks (first pick of the first round of a draft) ever been been involved in the a trade in any of the  North American big 4 leagues (NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-01T19:19:40.140" LastActivityDate="2021-10-18T16:31:07.527" Title="First overall draft picks getting traded for one another" Tags="|nfl|mlb|nba|nhl|trade|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25647" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding player trades in sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" LastActivityDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25648" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding player trades in sports." OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" LastActivityDate="2021-01-31T06:24:14.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25650" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-01T04:29:18.263" Score="3" ViewCount="1435" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a strange situation on court and I don't know who wins this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player 1 hits a ball with a ton of backspin which lands on players 2 side of the net.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The backspin causes the ball to bounce back over the net to player 1's side without player 2 touching it. Normally, this would be player 1's point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The twist is, player 1 was very close to the net and when it bounced back to his side, the ball hit his body before hitting the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the fact that it hit player 1 change who wins the point?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Or is it still player 1's point since player 2 never touched the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20834" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T18:38:41.797" LastActivityDate="2022-02-24T18:12:10.210" Title="Backspin takes tennis ball over the net and back, but hits the player who hit it?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25653" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-03T04:12:11.307" Score="2" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;When there is a high swell in open water at a beach, I understand entering the ocean is a three step procedure - walking (sideways to the waves), duck diving (after waist depth), then swimming (after around two dives, or when the floor is no longer reachable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found then on some days I dive from shoulder-high depth, as the waves break there and are around two meters high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When exiting, there is a complication that the head is normally in the water. Looking back slows me down. It is rather difficult to assess the size of the waves. I find that often I just stop at shoulder depth and walk from there. In a timed swim this is obviously not the best way to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have any good tips or guides about the exit, please? The main risk is the wave dumping me on the sand. The beach has a step at the exit, it is rather shallow there and I would prefer to avoid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've checked at youtube, but from what I could see there is not a lot of relevant results for people without a surfboard. Most of the results come about surfing. In this question I am interested in the process without a surfboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20845" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T04:17:33.507" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T04:17:33.507" Title="openwater swimming exit with high swell" Tags="|swimming|open-water|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25656" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-03T13:46:18.573" Score="0" ViewCount="611" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a wicket keeper move after bowl reach to him for stumping? Will it be a fair delivery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20850" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T14:17:44.993" LastActivityDate="2021-02-07T12:14:35.997" Title="Wicket keeper move after bowl reach to him" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2021-02-12T10:54:55.007" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25658" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-03T22:40:54.030" Score="0" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, the defending team touches and stops the ball but suddenly, an attacking player gets the ball. Can we say defending team gained possession once?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20853" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T22:40:54.030" Title="In football (soccer), at what point(s) does the possession of a team start?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25659" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-04T00:50:27.770" Score="2" ViewCount="1794" Body="&lt;p&gt;This shows what an NBA basketball court looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ScvsZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ScvsZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the 3-point line is an arc until it gets close to the sides of the court, where it becomes a straight line due to not being able to fit within the width of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distance from any point on the curve of the 3-point line to the basket is 23.75 feet, and the distance of the closest part of the straight portions of the 3-point line to the basket are 22.0 feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You would think that shooting percentages for 3-pointers would be higher when they are taken along the straight portions of the line near the sides of the court, since those parts of the 3-point line are closer to the basket. Has this been confirmed by any analysis showing shooting percentages from different areas of the 3-point line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-04-14T23:38:50.423" Title="Do NBA players make a higher percentage of 3-pointers from the side?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25659" CreationDate="2021-02-04T01:53:21.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Corner threes are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.82games.com/locations.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;much more efficient&lt;/a&gt; than wing or straight-up threes.  82 Games' stats showed corner threes as being about 118.8 points per 100 possessions, while the other two are much lower. (Though, all three are worth doing - Wing 3s are just about the same as an average shot, and straight up (top of the circle) threes are 105.3 points per 100, which is quite good also.  Only shots from the low paint - e.g., layups and dunks - are more efficient than those.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much of this is because these are more often uncontested shots made by three point specialists, of course; it's quite common to put a pure shooter (Kyle Korver type) in the corner and hit him with a pass when his defender comes over to the post to double someone.   That means these shots are often unguarded, and so are higher percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://shottracker.com/articles/analytics-shot-selection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ShotTracker has a good writeup here too&lt;/a&gt; that points out the difference between a &amp;quot;pull-up 3&amp;quot; and a &amp;quot;catch and shoot 3&amp;quot;; corner 3s are usually catch-and-shoot (112 points per 100 possessions) versus 97 points per 100 possessions on pull-up threes [which, again, is still very good compared to any two point shot except at the hoop].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-mapping-shots-in-the-nba-changed-it-forever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FiveThirtyEight has some nice charts&lt;/a&gt; from Kirk Goldberry, which I highly recommend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-02-04T02:22:58.960" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T02:22:58.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13826" CreationDate="2021-02-05T13:54:24.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nick Best / Mike Jenkins - 1150kg with a hip lift. Seen &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=4848781985135684&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10904" LastActivityDate="2021-02-05T13:54:24.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25668" CreationDate="2021-02-06T20:19:19.290" Score="2" ViewCount="11660" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the 2 nfl teams that played each other the least and the most?&#xA;P.S. This is between two teams that exist right now not defunct teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T17:46:46.847" Title="What are the 2 nfl teams that played each other the least and the most?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-07T00:00:57.500" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard on the radio that in the Super Bowl, Kansas City is considered the &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; team, despite the game being played in Tampa, where the Bucs are the real home team.  So... does Tampa get to use their &amp;quot;home team&amp;quot; locker room or do they have to give it to Kansas City?  I can't find the answer anywhere on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20861" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T18:33:09.007" Title="Super Bowl locker room assignments" Tags="|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25656" CreationDate="2021-02-07T12:14:35.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the rules relevant to your question are under 27.3 and 27.4 of the MCC rules &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-wicket-keeper&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I take from those is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the wicketkeeper must remain behind the stumps until the ball strikes the striker or bat, passes the stumps, or the striker attempts to run. If this rule is broken, a &lt;strong&gt;no ball&lt;/strong&gt; is called.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the time between a ball being bowled, and any of those 3 events occuring, the wicketkeeper cannot &lt;strong&gt;significantly&lt;/strong&gt; alter their position. If they do, a &lt;strong&gt;dead ball&lt;/strong&gt; is called. Exemptions to this rule are where the wicketkeeper is:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;taking a few steps forwards to respond to a slower ball, &lt;strong&gt;providing this does not bring them within reach of the wickets&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;responding to lateral movement of the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;responding an action from the striker suggesting the shot they will play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the first exemption there is most relevant to your question. If a wicketkeeper was standing back, and then moves up to the stumps as the ball is bowled to effect a stumping - I believe the umpire should call a &lt;strong&gt;dead ball&lt;/strong&gt;. Otherwise, if umpire considers the keepers movement to be legitimate, the stumping should stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20829" LastActivityDate="2021-02-07T12:14:35.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25664" CreationDate="2021-02-08T15:43:22.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the end of the 2020 season, all of the current NFC West have played only &lt;strong&gt;4 games&lt;/strong&gt; against the &lt;strong&gt;Houston Texans&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seattle Seahawks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;San Francisco 49ers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Los Angeles Rams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Arizona Cardinals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That the Texans are involved here is not surprising as they the most recent expansion franchise in the NFL, beginning play in 2002. Unless amended, the rotating schedule of NFL matchups pairs the NFC West with the AFC South in the 2021 season, so the Texans will play all the above teams in the 2021 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record for the most head-to-head matches goes to &lt;strong&gt;Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers&lt;/strong&gt; with a stunning &lt;strong&gt;202 games&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stats taken from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/htx/head-to-head.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here (HOU)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/game_query.cgi?tm1=chi&amp;amp;tm2=gnb&amp;amp;yr=all&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here (CHI)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-02-08T17:46:46.847" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T17:46:46.847" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25665" CreationDate="2021-02-08T18:33:09.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the Bucs used their own locker rooms; see this quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tampabay.com/sports/bucs/2021/02/06/bucs-benefit-from-ultimate-super-bowl-home-field-advantage-or-will-they/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Head Coach Bruce Arians&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“It’s really, really amazing to just be in our facility, be in our locker room, on the practice field, same drive to work every single day,” Bucs coach Bruce Arians said. “Being able to stay in that routine has been critical, because normally you’re jumping on a plane.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also confirmed this via &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.boston.com/sports/tom-brady/2021/02/08/tom-brady-locker-room-reaction-video-buccaneers-super-bowl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article about their celebration&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the game being held at Raymond James Stadium, the Buccaneers were able to celebrate in the confines of their home locker room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, your question is slightly wrong: the Bucs were the home team this year, and so it's moot unclear what would've happened had your question's assumption been accurate.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/ca/nfl/news/super-bowl-home-team-chiefs-buccaneers/jd6bxemk2pu51s94y0rjluuje&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing fancy about the home team determination for the Super Bowl. It alternates each year from the AFC representative to the NFC representative and back again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A year ago, the Chiefs were the home team as they won Super Bowl 54. For Super Bowl 55, that means the Buccaneers are the home team while the Chiefs are the away team. It's purely coincidental that the designations align with the game being played in Tampa Bay's home stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would've been interesting to see what happened with locker rooms if the Buccaneers were deemed the visitors. Would they have had to let the Chiefs use the home locker room while they dressed in the away locker room? Alas, the timing didn't work out for such a discovery in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T18:33:09.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25670" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-08T19:48:47.663" Score="0" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beach rugby is a variation of rugby league that is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.intrl.sport/laws-of-the-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;officially&lt;/a&gt; maintained and governed by the IRL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't seem to find any information regarding the invention of the sport, the Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_rugby&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; only lists its rules and competitions (poorly referenced) and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rugby_league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;History of rugby league&lt;/a&gt; article focus solely on the traditional form of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt; was beach rugby invented and under what circumstances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20876" LastActivityDate="2022-03-08T08:05:10.423" Title="When was beach rugby invented?" Tags="|history|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-08T20:15:34.870" Score="-2" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;In professional sports, why do some players get recognized more/ more playing time versus players sitting on the bench, possibly getting no time to play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20877" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-10T23:41:45.563" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T23:41:45.563" Title="In professional sports, why do some players get recognized more" Tags="|international-sports|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25671" CreationDate="2021-02-08T21:41:37.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why do some players get [...] more playing time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because they're better. &lt;strong&gt;The aim of a professional sports team is to win&lt;/strong&gt;, and you win by playing your best players. There are some second order effects around trying to maintain a strong squad and players not necessarily being happy if they aren't playing, but they are very much secondary to very simple idea of letting the best players play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T21:41:37.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25671" CreationDate="2021-02-08T22:42:28.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll extend this some to answer the logical expansion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are there players on the bench that do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sports teams have a set of &amp;quot;starters&amp;quot;, which are typically the players who are, today, the best at playing each position.  Sometimes that's a bit fuzzy, because of human nature; oftentimes veterans play instead of rookies (players in their first season), for example, even if the rookie is physically &amp;quot;better&amp;quot;, because some coaches believe rookies don't have the experience to deal with in-game situations.  But ultimately, most of the time it is simply the best players on the team that &amp;quot;start&amp;quot; - meaning, play on the first second of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some sports simply play those players the entire game most of the time.  Less physically demanding sports, like baseball, do that more often - in baseball, you could use only the starting 9 and no others, though usually at least the pitcher is replaced.  Other sports, like soccer, do mostly use the starting lineup, but because of the rules of the game - only three substitutions are allowed in many common rulesets, for the whole game (including for injuries/etc.), and so in soccer most of the starting 11 play the whole game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Baseball, the bench for hitters is usually there for specific purposes.  There is usually one or more &amp;quot;bench bats&amp;quot;, meaning players specifically there to come in during a game when a big hit is needed, and hit instead of one of the more defensively oriented players, or a pitcher.  There is usually one or more &amp;quot;utility defenders&amp;quot;, players who can play several positions well and can come in either in case of an injury or to give someone a day off.  There is always one backup catcher, a specialist position that generally requires someone trained in its specifics, and usually plays in 20-40 games a season to give the starting catcher a rest.  And then there might be pairs of &amp;quot;platoon&amp;quot; players, meaning players that hit well against pitchers with one &amp;quot;handedness&amp;quot; - right handed or left handed - and the other player hits well against the other handedness of pitcher.  The starter for that day will usually be the player with the advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitchers in baseball are an entirely different case.  Baseball has &amp;quot;Starting&amp;quot; pitchers, usually the better pitchers, who can pitch for 5-7 innings at least, and start the game.  They only pitch every 5 games or so, due to fatigue concerns.  Then it has &amp;quot;relief&amp;quot; pitchers, who come in after the starter, and pitch an inning or so.  They pitch maybe every other day (sometimes multiple days in a row), but only the one inning usually, or maybe two. Because of numbers, teams have about 11-13 pitchers- 5 starters, 6-8 relievers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soccer has some similarities to baseball, in that it usually has 11 starters, one specific backup goaltender (who is a specialist), and then a number of bench players who are there for particular reasons.  A few of them might be specialist strikers or scoring midfielders, to bring in when the team is behind and needs goals.  A few might be specialist defenders, or defensive midfielders, who come in when the team is ahead or tied and needs to hold the line.  And a few might be young up-and-comers who aren't ready to start yet but need to get experience playing at the highest level, who come in occasionally.  Because only three (or so) players can be substituted, they have to make sure and have a good bench of players to fill in depending on the need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American Football is fairly unique, in that it has two entire &amp;quot;teams&amp;quot; - an Offense and a Defense - and they each are considered &amp;quot;starters&amp;quot;.  Most sports expect players to play both offense and defense, but for whatever reason American Football diverged from that - perhaps due to the physical nature of the sport.  Their bench consists of backups for the many specific positions -  I could name about 20 off the top of my head - plus specialists at non-&amp;quot;starting&amp;quot; positions, such as special teams.  Certain positions usually are substituted for for fatigue reasons, such as defensive lineman, and most players end up taking at least a snap or two off.  There are different defensive formations, such as a more &amp;quot;run heavy&amp;quot; 4-3-4 (front-middle-back) or even 4-6-1, versus a more &amp;quot;pass&amp;quot; oriented 4-2-5 (&amp;quot;nickel&amp;quot;) or 4-1-6 (&amp;quot;dime&amp;quot;).   Every player, or almost every player, plays at &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; point, except the backup quarterback, in every game, for most teams (assuming they do all of the usual things once a game, like kick a field goal and punt).  Many of the younger/less skilled players play on special teams (covering kickoffs and punts).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sports, like Hockey and Basketball, allow infinite substitutions.  Hockey usually has every player except the backup goaltender play, similar to American Football, but has its players organized as &amp;quot;shifts&amp;quot; - this is to let them take breaks and keep up their stamina.  Hockey (in the NHL, at least) has four lines of three offensive players each (for twelve) plus three lines of two defensive players each (for six), plus the goaltender and backup goaltender, for twenty active players.  The &amp;quot;first line&amp;quot;, or starters, plays a lot more than the &amp;quot;fourth line&amp;quot; of offensive players, but all play some.  How often each play is related to their skill, and to strategy - often one line is a &amp;quot;bruiser&amp;quot; line for example that might be subbed in to slow the game down and make it more physical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basketball does not have &amp;quot;lines&amp;quot;, but some teams do have &amp;quot;second&amp;quot; teams that come in as a group and play together when the starters need a break.  Most teams don't quite do that, but instead give breaks as often as needed.  They also will often substitute to try and get advantages, for example switching in some extra players who are tall against a team that is playing taller players, or some faster players who can shoot from a distance against a team that is stronger inside.  This varies much based on the team though; basketball, more than any other major sport, is a sport of superstars, and superstars tend to play most of the game, or even the entire game (rarely), due to their ability and the importance of their play to the team's performance.  Most teams do have players who never see the floor for weeks at a time; they have 12 players on an (NBA) active game roster, but many of those are not as skilled and there for emergencies (due to injury or foul trouble only), kept either solely for that purpose (as minimum-wage players) or kept out of the hope they will be better players in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T22:42:28.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25675" CreationDate="2021-02-09T19:26:16.867" Score="0" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a list of all possible penalty reasons in ice-hockey/NHL?&#xA;Like High sticking, Holding, Hooking... but all of possible reasons. I would like to have the complete list for statistical purposes, like what could a referee officially write down for penalty reason on the match sheet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-09T20:30:32.080" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T04:06:43.800" Title="Ice-hockey penalty reasons" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25674" CreationDate="2021-02-09T20:17:12.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes like almost all sports, there's a full list of penalties, otherwise referees wouldn't done what play is a foul or not. In hockey the penalties are split to minor (2 minute) or major (5 minute) penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)#List_of_minor_penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is the list of minor penalties:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charging&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clipping&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Closing hand on puck&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cross-checking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Delay of game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Elbowing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Embellishment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goaltender interference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;High-sticking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Holding the stick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hooking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal stick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instigator&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kneeing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leaving penalty bench too early&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Leaving the crease (goalkeeper)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Participating in the play beyond the centre red line (goalkeeper)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Roughing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slashing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing puck towards opponent’s goal (goalkeeper)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Throwing stick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tripping&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unsportsmanlike conduct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)#List_of_major_penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is the list of major penalties:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Boarding&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Butt-ending&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charging&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Checking from behind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clipping&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cross-checking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Elbowing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fighting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Head-butting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hooking&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Illegal Check to the Head&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kneeing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slashing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spearing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)#List_of_infractions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's article on hockey penalties&lt;/a&gt; for what each penalty is. There's also info on what results in a game misconduct, or 10 minute misconduct, or what results penalty on bench participants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockeymonkey.com/learn/hockey-penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is also a good resource talking about the penalties, with visualization for the signals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-10T04:06:43.800" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T04:06:43.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24309" CreationDate="2021-02-10T11:31:06.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may be a little late to answer, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://sumodb.sumogames.de/Rikishi.aspx?shikona=taikomaru&amp;amp;heya=-1&amp;amp;shusshin=-1&amp;amp;b=-1&amp;amp;high=-1&amp;amp;hd=-1&amp;amp;entry=-1&amp;amp;intai=-1&amp;amp;sort=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this man&lt;/a&gt; is what you were looking for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QXLdQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QXLdQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His name is Taikomaru Yutaka and his retirement ceremony was quite odd: no hair cutting, just some handshaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20883" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-02-12T08:20:08.327" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T08:20:08.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25670" CreationDate="2021-02-11T05:32:14.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the link @mepqfilho sent, I presume he is referring to Rugby League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did find info on the Rugby Union version and I presume that its origins might be quite similar being &amp;quot;word of mouth&amp;quot;. There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/modified-forms/beach-fives&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three types of beach rugby union&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beach Touch Rugby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beach Tag Rugby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beach Fives Rugby&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.beachrugbychannel.com/beach-rugby/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beach Rugby Channel&lt;/a&gt; it states it's been part of Rugby Union since 2010 and on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.beachrugby.eu/en/beachfives/altri-beach-5s-eventi/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BeachRugby.eu&lt;/a&gt; it says &amp;quot;Its growth in popularity has been successfully built on a ‘WORD of MOUTH’ basis for more than 20 years.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1649" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T05:32:14.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25682" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-12T03:10:46.647" Score="4" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at the ATP rankings and which year they turned pro and I couldn’t understand what the criteria for players to be able to turn pro was?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always thought that as soon as a player start to play ITF World Tennis Tour and earn some prize money, he is automatically is considered to be a pro. But I noticed that every single player had already been playing 1-2 years on the ITF World Tennis Tour and had a certain ranking before they turned pro. Normally it was happening when they were achieving at least top 1000 ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone please explain what the criteria is for players to be able to turn pro?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20893" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2023-06-03T12:30:09.517" LastActivityDate="2024-03-08T19:31:19.633" Title="Do tennis players need to reach a certain ranking to be able to turn pro?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25684" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25689" CreationDate="2021-02-14T00:49:21.317" Score="1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;The LA Lakers won three consecutive overtime games from February 6th-10th, 2021, beating the Pistons, the Thunder, and the Thunder again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times since &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA%E2%80%93NBA_merger&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 1976 merger&lt;/a&gt; has an NBA team won three or more consecutive games in overtime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-02-16T15:47:45.970" LastActivityDate="2021-02-16T15:47:45.970" Title="How many times an NBA team has won at least 3 consecutive overtime games?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25885" CreationDate="2021-02-15T13:19:28.437" Score="1" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;In last week's Premier League action, Ederson, the goalkeeper for Manchester City, actually got an assist for İlkay Gündoğan's goal against Spurs at the Etihad. That made me wonder how rare such an occurrence really is. I know only a handful of goalies have scored goals, but how many actually got assists?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-04-21T07:31:22.033" LastActivityDate="2021-04-21T07:31:22.033" Title="How often have goalkeepers gotten assists in the Premier League?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-15T18:26:31.713" Score="1" ViewCount="1699" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been reading into the fumbling rules and saw this on Wikipedia. &amp;quot;In American football the offense cannot advance the ball if it recovers its own fumble on fourth down, or in the last two minutes of a half, unless the ball is recovered by the fumbler.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here's my question to all the rule book veterans, if in the situation described above (4th down attempt or last 2 mins of each half), the center snaps to the QB in a shotgun formation, and if the snap goes awfully wrong, who is the fumbler in the following situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) if the ball never touches the QB and bounces onto the field, is the Center the fumbler here so the QB can advance the ball if he recovers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) if the ball touches the QB but he can't control/handle it, is that considered a fumble by the QB as he is the last one to touch so if he recovers he can advance or it isn't a fumble by him as he never has legal possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional question, if the Center hands off the snap in an I formation, and the ball fumbles, who is the fumbler here?&#xA;What if the QB hands off or lateral passes to a RB/WR/TE and the ball isn't caught properly, I assume fumble will be counted against the QB and the intended recipient can still recover and advance ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20901" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T20:40:54.483" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T20:40:54.483" Title="American Football (NFL) 4th Down/Last 2 minutes Fumble Rules" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25687" CreationDate="2021-02-15T20:40:24.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Relevant bits from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#section-5-position-of-players-at-the-snap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.6.4 Legal Snap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A snap is a backward pass. The snap must be received by a player who is not on the line at the snap, unless the ball first strikes the ground. If the ball first strikes the ground, or is muffed by an eligible backfield receiver, or quarterback under center, it can be recovered and advanced by any player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - if the snap goes over the QB's head or hits the ground running, the snap was aborted, and anyone can recover it.  That includes the QB muffing the snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nflgsis.com/gsis/documentation/stadiumguides/guide_for_statisticians.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Guide for Statisticians&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fumbles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aborted Plays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. the ball is clearly centered improperly, meaning that the ball does not reach the intended receiver of the snap within the frame of his body or arm -span;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. the intended ball-handler fumbles the snap from center;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C. a backward pass (hand-off, lateral, reverse, etc.) behind the line of scrimmage is mishandled, or not handled, resulting in a fumble (the ball touches the ground or is caught in flight by another player.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D. a punter who has received the snap from the center correctly, but in the process to punt the ball, the ball is dropped (unforced fumble).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In each of these cases, charge a rush for 0 yards. In A, B, and D, the rush is charged to the player who receives, or intended to receive the snap from center. In C, the rush is charged to the player who attempts the backward pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is clearly centered improperly, charge the center with a fumble and any yards lost as fumble yardage. On any other aborted play, the player charged with the rush is also charged with a fumble and any yards lost as fumble yardage. (Note: positive fumble yardage cannot be credited.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'd charge the fumble to the quarterback if the ball could reasonably have been caught, or to the center if it was clearly his fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a QB lateral or handoff is treated more or less the same as a bad snap - it's still an aborted play.  The QB gets the &amp;quot;fumble&amp;quot;, though, instead of the recipient.  Not sure why they change that, but they do... of course, if they get possession and then fumble, that's not an aborted play and they are credited with the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T20:40:24.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25684" CreationDate="2021-02-16T08:11:31.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only time I could find after 2000 was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/MIN/2007_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007 Minnesota Timberwolves&lt;/a&gt;, Featuring Kevin Garnett, who won three overtime games in a row Jan. 3 through Jan. 7, against San Antonio (Featuring Tim Duncan), Philadelphia (Featuring Allan Iverson), and Houston (Featuring Yao Ming and Tracy McGrady).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going further back, I see the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/PHO/1987_games.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987 Phoenix Suns&lt;/a&gt;, Featuring Larry Nance, who more impressively won three OT games &lt;em&gt;in four nights&lt;/em&gt;, April 4-7, 1987, against the Clippers, Mavericks, and (then-Seattle) Supersonics. (None of which were really very good or had any major stars that I recall, though the Mavericks and the Supersonics made the playoffs, and the 'Sonics did go to the Western Finals before running into Magic and Company.  I guess Dale Ellis and Nate McMillan were good enough?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit less confident in the older years, as BBRef standings do seem to change a bit, but this seems to be comprehensive from the 1970-2021 period from what my scraping could tell.  I think if you have a subscription to whatever it is that underlies Basketball Reference nowadays, you could run this search directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I put some code &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/snoopy369/Sports.SE/blob/master/OTW_Streaks_BskBllRef.py&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, though I didn't really come up with a good way to get 3 in a row - instead I identified 2 in a row consistently, and just checked on those.  2 in a row was pretty rare before the last few years for some reason, so it was easy enough to just check all of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-16T08:11:31.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25694" CreationDate="2021-02-16T21:47:24.393" Score="2" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, there isn't a field in the event file (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.retrosheet.org/eventfile.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.retrosheet.org/eventfile.htm&lt;/a&gt;) that states the winning team. By my understanding it could either be found from the game file (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.retrosheet.org/gamelogs/glfields.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.retrosheet.org/gamelogs/glfields.txt&lt;/a&gt;), or calculated from runs scored, or by matching the winning pitcher (which IS in the event file) to his team. Am I missing an easier way to get the winning team from just the event file?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20903" LastEditorUserId="20903" LastEditDate="2021-02-16T23:38:03.383" LastActivityDate="2021-07-25T06:45:21.880" Title="How to determine winning team from the MLB retrosheet &quot;event&quot; file?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25691" CreationDate="2021-02-17T18:48:57.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no &amp;quot;winning&amp;quot; record in the event file.  That is what the Game file is for.  I don't think there's a better way using the event file than to match the winning pitcher (which is easy enough to do), but the truly best way is to use the correct file for the correct information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T18:48:57.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25698" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-19T20:19:37.337" Score="1" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a high school senior looking to take a gap year before I head to college and play D1 tennis. I am looking for top level tennis leagues that I can play in for that year abroad. I am aware of the Bundesliga in Germany, the Bundesliga in Austria, and the Spanish Absoluto championships in Spain. Are there leagues in Italy and Switzerland? I would love to play in one of these places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20921" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-19T20:44:19.390" LastActivityDate="2021-03-23T10:50:28.760" Title="High Level Tennis Leagues Europe" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17795" CreationDate="2021-02-20T20:41:52.130" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did find a study on this.  There is a slight advantage to winning the opening tip.  The NBA team that wins the opening tip wins the game 52.5% of the time.  Winning the opening tip results in a win more often for the home team than the away team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20924" LastActivityDate="2021-02-20T20:41:52.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25702" CreationDate="2021-02-21T09:54:23.803" Score="1" ViewCount="779" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the 2021 Australian Open men's singles final between Novak Djokovic and Daniil Medvedev.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first set, with the score 3-3 and Djokovic serving, Djokovic won one of the points when Medvedev hit a ball just long. I'm pretty sure Medvedev did not challenge the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then while Djokovic was preparing for his next serve, I saw the screen behind him display &amp;quot;CLOSE CALL&amp;quot; and show a Hawk Eye replay that declared the ball went &amp;quot;OUT&amp;quot;. I didn't know that they use Hawk Eye even if a player didn't call for a challenge. (I have seen Hawk Eye replays on TV before without a challenge, but I thought those were only shown to the TV audience, not also shown in the arena.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what would happen if the Hawk Eye replay in the arena showed that a call was wrong, but no player challenged the call? Would the original call stand or be reversed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-21T19:06:31.230" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T19:06:31.230" Title="What happens if Hawk Eye determines a call was wrong, but no player challenged the call?" Tags="|tennis|atp|wta|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25701" CreationDate="2021-02-21T10:28:33.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/tennis/electronic-line-calling-set-for-all-australian-open-courts/2021/02/02/38854806-65ce-11eb-bab8-707f8769d785_story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not using&lt;/a&gt; lines judges at the 2021 Australian Open this year due to the pandemic, an effort to reduce the number of people involved in the matches and the tournament in general. We saw the same thing in some tournaments late last year post Covid. All line calls are done by Hawk Eye in real time, on all courts of the tournament. Like usual when the ball is close to the line, it's shown on the screens for the players and observers to see as if there was a challenge in previous years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hawk Eye calls all out balls as soon as they happen even making the &amp;quot;out&amp;quot; sound you hear (it's Hawk Eye, not the umpire). So the are no player challenges in 2021 Australian Open. Hence you saw a player getting a point without making a challenge and the replay was shown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tournaments that Hawk Eye is not used to make calls automatically, when an improper call is made, without making a challenge, the point remains as called by the chair umpire or the lines judges. In these tournaments, players aren't shown Hawk Eye replays without a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Replacement of the lines judges by automatic electronic calls is likely to become the new norm in the near future. With the presence of Hawk eye, and also specially after Novak Djokovic &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/novak-djokovic-accidentally-hits-ball-into-line-judges-face-during-french-open-it-was-very-awkward-deja-vu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hit a lines judge at 2020 US Open&lt;/a&gt;, it's likely we've seen the last of lines judges at the grand slams tournaments. Use of Hawk Eye comes with an extra cost where it can't be afforded at all tournaments. So we'll be seeing the lines judges at smaller events for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T10:28:33.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-21T19:17:46.963" Score="3" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of times I'm watching a soccer game and a call goes to VAR. The VAR people review it for a while (and for an offsides it feels like they go down to the inch). This doesn't make sense because it is supposed to be clear and obvious but if it takes 1 or more minutes to decide it is neither of those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20928" LastEditorUserId="20928" LastEditDate="2021-02-21T19:20:57.767" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T05:50:52.143" Title="Why do VAR take a while to decide errors if they are supposed to be &quot;clear and obvious&quot;?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25703" CreationDate="2021-02-21T19:32:35.567" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't forget that the VAR people have multiple cameras they need to watch (where I am, in the Netherlands, at least six); a situation may be difficult to judge from all but one angle. It takes a while to review all that footage, especially if the fragments are long (I think that a foul at the very beginning of an attack can already influence whether a goal is valid or not.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And sometimes, even determining whether something is a clear and obvious error is rather subjective. It may not only depend on the situation itself, but also the position of the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T19:32:35.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25703" CreationDate="2021-02-21T19:39:03.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The amount of time it takes to review is somewhat of a pain point with VAR. Soccer involves many people, and their interaction with each others. To review you need to look at a number of angles, and interactions are open to interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis use of Hawk Eye is automatic as the only need to be tracked is the ball. But in soccer you need to take a look at the ball, on a much bigger field. As well as position of the players. But also how the players physically come into contact with one another. Many angles need to be looked which results in minutes review in many cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T19:39:03.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25703" CreationDate="2021-02-22T05:50:52.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In principle, an objectively wrong decision must be a clear and obvious error, as nobody in possession of the facts (and the applicable law) could consider it to be correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some reviews require a check of extreme detail to determine whether an objective fact such as offside or handball has been missed or incorrectly observed, and an incorrect decision derived from the wrong information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the ball did not make contact with the arm or hand, as described in Law 12, it cannot be handball (this includes where the ball has struck the shoulder above the level of the armpit, and the arm was not raised or in an unnatural position) and therefore any penalty kick awarded on that basis is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if a player was in an offside position and has played the ball after receiving it from a teammate, as defined in Law 11, they have committed an offside offence, and therefore any goal scored must not be awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, the implementation of VAR was inconsistent and poorly carried out, generally leaving individual national associations to apply their own interpretations (and later be reprimanded by IFAB or allowed to continue), or to apply the interpretation &amp;quot;that IFAB intended&amp;quot; rather than the protocol actually written according to the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has lead to exactly the criticism that VAR has been used when it should not be, with &amp;quot;clear and obvious&amp;quot; having an ambiguous and inconsistent meaning in the real world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T05:50:52.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25710" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-22T16:24:35.463" Score="2" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently become a big fan of the NFL and noticed some teams had a Bye week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is this week for, how does it work, and what effect does it have on team strategies?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20935" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T04:09:20.227" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T04:09:20.227" Title="What is a bye week in the NFL and what are some important things to know regarding this?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25710" CreationDate="2021-02-22T18:51:01.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bye week is a 'rest' week where a team doesn't have a game scheduled.  In the modern day, that began in 1990 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thesportsgeek.com/sports-betting/strategy/nfl-bye-week/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;to allow an additional week for TV advertising&lt;/a&gt; - not to give people a rest, as is often thought - and in fact for one year there were &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; bye weeks (1993), but they gave up on that quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2004, the bye week is now only in certain weeks (weeks 4-12, or sometimes through 13, depending on when Thanksgiving falls).  It's never the first few weeks or last few weeks, in any event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as strategy, it's not something you can strategize for - it's fixed in the schedule, so it's just ... there.  NFL players are already giving 100% each week, so you can't ask them to work harder the week before or after the bye.  The bye does give players some extra practice time, though they also get time off during the bye; so sometimes the bye allows coaches to more significantly adjust their strategies due to the extra practice time.  Most usefully, injured players who are borderline the week before the bye often will skip that week, so they get two weeks (the week before, plus the bye) to heal up fully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T18:51:01.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25710" CreationDate="2021-02-22T18:51:48.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at the NFL schedule of any of the recent years, you'll notice there are 17 weeks of regular season, while teams only play 16 games. This is because each team gets 1 week off during the regular season; this is called the Bye Week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The league only gives a few teams (2 to 6) teams have a Bye Week at any given week to ensure there are plenty of matches for the fanbase to follow and there is league wide continuity. Bye weeks can only happen from week 4 to week 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since teams don't play a match during the Bye Week they use it mostly as rest week and address play issues, getting everyone healthy. Since Bye weeks can range from early in the season to late into the season, the later Bye weeks are more desirable. As it lets teams to rest after more weeks of play which have resulted in more fatigue and injuries to the players. Also allows coaches to fix their team plays with more tape and chemistry between players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T18:51:48.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25728" CreationDate="2021-02-23T03:38:04.500" Score="2" ViewCount="3255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/YURlrspFPaw?t=6777&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; of the 2004 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Game between UConn and Georgia Tech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Georgia Tech made a 3-pointer with 11.7 seconds left. Then a UConn player grabbed the ball to inbound it and the referee started the 5 second countdown. The UConn player looked around to try to inbound the ball, and after 3 seconds, he threw the ball to another UConn player who had run out of bounds. After 2 more seconds, the second UConn player finally inbounded the ball. Based on the referee's arm motions, it appeared the second UConn player inbounded the ball just after the 5 second count, which should be a violation, but none was called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is switching inbounders after the referee has started the 5-second count allowed only in college, or is it allowed in the NBA as well? Does the referee start over with the 5-second count after there is a switch of inbounders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T18:11:31.230" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:14:13.143" Title="What is the rule on switching inbounders?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25715" CreationDate="2021-02-23T15:36:16.050" Score="2" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the announcement that the Kraken farm team is going to play in California, I really wonder why NHL farm teams are often very far from the main team's location? Perhaps most of them don't want to play in the same market because they would be cannibalizing each other, but still.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things like the farm team of the Canucks is in New York State and the only one I can think of that is not at least an hour plane ride away is the Canadiens, which their farm team is in the neighboring town, Laval.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why are farm teams often so far away? Is there really no use of having them next door if changes have to come quick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-02-23T16:52:48.073" LastActivityDate="2021-02-23T17:05:25.123" Title="Why are farm teams often so far from where the main team is based in hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25714" CreationDate="2021-02-23T17:05:25.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First off, your premise is not necessarily correct; for example, the Chicago Blackhawks' top minor-league affiliate is the Rockford Icehogs, located a short distance away in Rockford, IL, well under an hour's plane ride.  San Jose and Winnipeg have that beat though: they share an arena with their affiliate!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're not wrong that being near would be helpful to some extent.  What you'll find I think is that the AHL teams are not entirely fungible - some have better management, for example, and some locations are in very under-served markets and so have very large fan bases.  The AHL team is still a business, and in some ways more of a business than the NHL team (as it's much lower margins), and so there is a place for well run AHL teams even if they're not close to an NHL team.  And airplane travel is not difficult (outside of COVID, anyway), and not particularly expensive on NHL budgets, so it's not a huge deal to have a team further away; they're not flying multiple players every day, or anything like that.  And the teams themselves are flying regularly anyway - half the time, your callup needs to fly somewhere regardless of where your AHL team is, if it's an emergency callup and not a planned one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/2020/02/19/road-less-traveled-some-nhl-teams-moving-ahl-squads-closer/111333980/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This USA Today article&lt;/a&gt; talks about how some NHL teams are moving their AHL affiliations closer, in part for the reason you mention (calling up players more easily), but also to let the executives see games with the AHL players more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-23T17:05:25.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25717" CreationDate="2021-02-24T02:44:34.803" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the end of season playoffs are top 8 from each conference, but since this year, because of the pandemic, there's the North division and not really a east vs west conference, how will the end of season playoffs work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess the top 4 of every division, but then which divisions are paired on the same side? I can't seem to find an official plan for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-21T09:18:54.003" LastActivityDate="2023-08-21T09:18:54.003" Title="How will the end season playoffs work for 2020-21 season?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25716" CreationDate="2021-02-24T04:07:08.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2020-2021 season's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-teams-in-new-divisions-for-2020-21-season/c-319844882&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;playoffs format&lt;/a&gt; is gonna be unique given the circumstances. The top 4 team in each division make it to the playoffs, where they play against each other based on rankings. That is 1st team against the 4th, 2nd vs the 3rd. There are no wild card teams this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The divisional rounds are played till there are 4 teams left, the 4 division winners. These 4 teams will then play each other based on regular season points again, till the Stanley Cup champion is determined. All series are best of 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T15:42:56.753" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T15:42:56.753" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25720" CreationDate="2021-02-24T06:18:48.293" Score="2" ViewCount="363" Body="&lt;p&gt;can a base runner attempt to steal a base in the time when a new batter is stepping up to the plate after the previous one left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20940" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T22:55:22.447" Title="Can a runner steal bases while batters are switching?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25718" CreationDate="2021-02-24T08:50:55.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A runner is allowed to advance at their own peril whenever the ball is in play.  The ball is not automatically dead after completion of a play.  But if &amp;quot;time&amp;quot; has been called, then no advance is possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, the pitcher will control the ball and be standing on the mound while the new batter enters, so advancing is unlikely.  If the defense wants to discuss the batter or have a conference, they will request &amp;quot;time&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in many cases, the answer is &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot;, the runner could try to steal.  In some other cases, time has been called and the runner must wait for for the ump to call &amp;quot;play&amp;quot; before a steal would be possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.12 in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; covers situations where the umpire may call &amp;quot;time&amp;quot;.  Completion of a play and end of an inning are not listed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;summary&lt;/a&gt; of the dead ball and time rules, and has a further description:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the ball does not automatically become dead after playing action ends. So, for example, although the recording of a third out generally winds down a half inning, the ball is not automatically dead. If it is to the advantage of the defense to attempt to record a fourth out for any reason, the ball is live and such a play is permitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-02-24T22:55:22.447" LastActivityDate="2021-02-24T22:55:22.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25725" CreationDate="2021-02-24T15:52:01.240" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching some endurance racing and there's something I do not get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They always talk about like the 'overall lead' and the 'LMP1 lead' are not the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand why, because at the end yes all the classes run together, but really, if you are not in LMP1 you don't stand much of a chance to have the overall lead for even a second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why are 'overall lead' and 'LMP1 lead' always talked like 'overall lead' is not just straight 'LMP1 lead'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T14:23:56.960" Title="Why is 'overall lead' not just LMP1 lead?" Tags="|road-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-25T09:32:07.553" Score="1" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;LA Clippers played against Washington Wizards (Eastern Conf) a few days ago : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/game/was-vs-lac-0022000488&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nba.com/game/was-vs-lac-0022000488&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;I was wondering how come an eastern conference team plays against a western one while we haven't reached the play offs yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20947" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-25T23:32:25.707" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T23:32:25.707" Title="Why do NBA Western Conference teams play against Eastern conference during season" Tags="|nba|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-25T13:51:45.563" Score="0" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;KC Chiefs played against TB Buccaneers (NFC) months before the Super Bowl : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202011290tam.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202011290tam.htm&lt;/a&gt; I was wondering how come an AFC team plays against a NFC one before they reached the play offs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20949" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-25T23:32:12.160" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T23:32:12.160" Title="Why do NFL AFC teams play against NFC during season" Tags="|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-02-25T16:05:40.613" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25727" CreationDate="2021-02-25T14:06:51.407" Score="0" ViewCount="1081" Body="&lt;p&gt;NY Yankees play against NY Mets during the season but only since 1997 : &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%E2%80%93Yankees_rivalry#1997%E2%80%931999:_Interleague_regular_season_play_begins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%E2%80%93Yankees_rivalry#1997%E2%80%931999:_Interleague_regular_season_play_begins&lt;/a&gt; I was wondering how come an AL team plays against a NL one before they reached the play offs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user20950" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-02-25T23:32:40.247" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T23:32:40.247" Title="Why do MLB AL teams play against NL during season" Tags="|mlb|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25721" CreationDate="2021-02-25T14:23:56.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is exactly for the reason you've suggested - these are multi-class races where cars outside the top class can lead overall. It has happened, indeed at one point in the 2017 Le Mans 24h an LMP2 entry led for several hours after most of the LMP1 cars had reliability problems (or hit other cars), before said LMP2 car itself had reliability problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a retrospective article about that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/top-stories-of-2017-lmp2-nearly-wins-le-mans-989177/1383822/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, though pretty much any recounting of that race should mention it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15765" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T14:23:56.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25722" CreationDate="2021-02-25T15:57:20.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA has always had inter-conference play, as do most sports leagues other than Major League Baseball.  Early in the NBA's existence, there were relatively few teams, so inter-division play was a must; for example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1961_standings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1960-1961&lt;/a&gt; there were eight teams, playing 79 games, 13 intra-division and 10 inter-division per team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conferences were adopted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1971_standings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1970-1971&lt;/a&gt;, and teams continued to play every opponent.  Further, after the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1977_standings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ABA-NBA Merger&lt;/a&gt;, when the number of teams started to approach modern levels (22 teams in that year, allowing for an 84 game season with each team playing each other 4 times).  The NBA was somewhat unique in that schedule, having no preference for division or conference opponents, in fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That changed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1980_standings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979-1980&lt;/a&gt;, when teams began to play more against their own conference, 6 against each intraconference team and 2 against each interconference team.  It has continued to ebb and flow over the years as the structure of the divisions and size of the league has changed (after all, the math has to work out to around 80-85 games).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T15:57:20.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25724" CreationDate="2021-02-25T16:06:18.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the current MLB divisional breakdown, there are 6 divisions of 5 teams each, organized into two leagues of 15.  As a result, interleague play is &lt;em&gt;mandatory&lt;/em&gt; in order to finish the schedule in a reasonable timeframe!  Otherwise two teams would always have half of a week off at a time, and you'd have to add a few weeks to the schedule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This changed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://calltothepen.com/2012/09/12/2013-mlb-schedule-released-welcome-to-full-time-interleague-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;, when the Astros were moved to the American League (remember, in 2005 they were the &lt;em&gt;National League&lt;/em&gt; representative in the World Series).  Prior to that, the National League had 16 teams (5 E,6 C,5 W) and the American League had 14 teams (5 E, 5 C, 4 W).  (Conveniently, Houston is &lt;em&gt;barely&lt;/em&gt; west of the westernmost AL Central team, Kansas City.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interleague Play was officially introduced in 1997, and the reason that it did &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; exist prior to that was that the American League and the National League formed as different, and &lt;em&gt;competing&lt;/em&gt;, leagues (the American League was originally the American Association).  While they would hold a championship each year, prior to the merger they had no incentive to play, and after the merger it became tradition not to (though they considered doing so every so often).  By 1997, though, it was clear that games could be profitable - some teams (such as the Mets-Yankees and Cubs-White Sox) played exhibition games in season against each other, and they were very popular - and, as MLB is a business, they chose to formalize interleague play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T16:06:18.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25713" CreationDate="2021-02-27T04:14:13.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although it might be rare, this play is actually perfectly legal in both the NCAA and NBA (see the link below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7 Section 6 Article 6 of the NCAA Rulebook does state that: &amp;quot;The thrower-in shall release the ball not more than five seconds after the throw-in count begins. The pass shall go directly into the playing court, except as provided in Rule 7-4.6.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7 Section 4 Article 6 states: &amp;quot;Any player of the throw-in team may make a direct throw-in or may pass the ball along the end line to a teammate(s) who is also out of bounds.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pass to a teammate who is out of bounds does not reset the 5 second clock, so the reason UConn appears to get more than the alotted time to inbound the ball is due to human error. Some referees are quicker to call the infraction than others. Also the referee's arm swings do not necessarily denote him counting 1 second. It's merely to indicate to everyone that he is counting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's where you can download the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4613-2020-21-ncaa-mens-basketball-rules-and-interpretations.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; if you would like to research further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15255" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:14:13.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25729" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-27T17:38:00.770" Score="2" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title suggest, anyone know if a yellow card can be contested in either La Liga or the English Premier League and taken off ? If they can, are there limits as to how many can be contested?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20955" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-02T15:23:43.070" LastActivityDate="2021-10-30T17:04:50.477" Title="In La Liga or the Premier League, can you contest a yellow card after the game and take it off?" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|la-liga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17849" CreationDate="2021-02-28T00:02:28.997" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After nomination a player can be replaced at any time during the game.But it has to be with the consent of the opposing captain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20957" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T00:02:28.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20402" CreationDate="2021-02-28T07:00:43.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another team member moved outside the baseline on the other side of the goal, received the “inbound” pass and dribbled onto the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;strong&gt;illegal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=6777&amp;amp;v=YURlrspFPaw&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;. You will see the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Georgia Tech player makes a 3-pointer with 11.7 seconds remaining in the second half.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A UConn player goes out of bounds, and picks up the ball to inbound it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A second UConn player runs out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first UConn player passes the ball to the second UConn player, who is still out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The second UConn player lifts his pivot foot, and then that foot comes down and touches the ground, and then he passes the ball inbounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It if was legal for the second player to receive the inbounds pass while out of bounds and then dribble the ball inbounds, then traveling rules are in play, and the second UConn player committed a traveling violation by lifting his pivot foot and returning it to the ground before passing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what the second UConn player did was not a traveling violation, because all players on the inbounding team who are out of bounds on an inbounds play are allowed to run the baseline with the ball (assuming the other team had just scored). They must pass the ball to a teammate who is inbounds. None of them can just start dribbling from out of bounds to in bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T07:00:43.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25733" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-28T18:03:53.393" Score="-2" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to get ready for a 2km run I have only 1 day to prepare and I usally run short distance like 100m dash and 200m&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20960" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T18:59:05.753" Title="I am going for a 2km run" Tags="|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-02-28T21:07:00.607" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25733" CreationDate="2021-02-28T18:59:05.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;With a day to go, you know you've left it too late to do anything that will make a significant difference. All you can do at this stage is turn up, set off a pace you think you might be able to maintain for 2 km and see what happens. Worst case, you walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing I can suggest is to go for a 2 km run &lt;em&gt;right now&lt;/em&gt;. If you find you need to walk, set off slower tomorrow. If you manage the whole thing without walking, set off faster tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T18:59:05.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25739" CreationDate="2021-03-01T17:27:59.703" Score="2" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard it so many times before. As a young boy teeing off &amp;quot;keep your arms straight&amp;quot;. Even my own father would shout it at me.&#xA;Now as a man when googling for golfing tips almost every single coach on google says the same thing, &amp;quot;keep your arms straight&amp;quot;.&#xA;I am however beginning to think that this is just a cliche that they are passing on, and they do not even know the meaning of it themselves, as quite simply when they tee off they also do not keep their arms straight throughout the swing. Quite simply, it is impossible to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing at six o'clock, you can really only backswing until 3 o'clock before it becomes impossible to backswing any higher without bending the arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what do they mean by &amp;quot;keep your arms straight&amp;quot;? This is not good advice without explaining the entire process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plenty examples in of what i mean in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01va-wvSY6SzPCuEdtAB34xKRrTrQ%3A1614619337615&amp;amp;ei=ySI9YMqFJeXUxgOG3L-YCQ&amp;amp;q=tip%20for%20teeing%20off%20keep%20arm%20straight&amp;amp;oq=tip%20for%20teeing%20off%20keep%20arm%20straight&amp;amp;gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAM6BwgAELADEEM6CQgAELADEAoQQzoECCMQJzoKCAAQsQMQgwEQQzoECAAQQzoLCC4QsQMQxwEQowI6CAgAELEDEIMBOg4ILhCxAxCDARDHARCjAjoICC4QsQMQgwE6AggAOggILhDHARCjAjoFCC4QsQM6BQgAELEDOgcIABCHAhAUOgsIABCxAxCDARDJAzoFCAAQkgM6CAguEMcBEK8BOgsILhDHARCvARCTAjoECAAQCjoCCC46BggAEBYQHjoICAAQFhAKEB46BQgAEIYDOggIIRAWEB0QHjoFCCEQoAE6BwghEAoQoAFQze4OWKK0D2Cztg9oA3ACeACAAZsDiAHCSJIBCjAuMS4zMC41LjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6yAEKwAEB&amp;amp;sclient=gws-wiz&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiKjsPgzY_vAhVlqnEKHQbuD5MQ4dUDCA0&amp;amp;uact=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T18:09:22.587" Title="Why do golfers always advise people to keep their arms straight, when this is impossible to do?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25738" CreationDate="2021-03-01T18:09:22.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not &amp;quot;arms&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;arm&amp;quot;.  If you're a righty, then you keep your left elbow straight, from the start of the backswing through well past contact.  Your left arm is keeping the club head open and even with the ball, so you don't end up shanking the ball left.  You absolutely can do this if you have sufficient flexibility, though of course that flexibility may well be something you need to develop with time and practice.  Your right arm certainly bends, but that's fine, it's the left that's keeping the club head aligned properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like in tennis, baseball, or any other sport where you hit a ball with a stick, you want to reduce the things that can change during your swing.  In the case of golf, you want to keep your swing consistent - and letting your left elbow flex means the club head may close at the wrong time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://golf.com/news/bryson-dechambeau-gave-me-a-lesson-and-shared-a-secret-heres-how-it-can-help-you-too/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; which shows a nice example of a golfer doing this, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://golftips.golfweek.usatoday.com/not-let-left-arm-break-down-golf-swing-20748.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; which explains the fundamentals you need to have in order to keep your left arm straight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T18:09:22.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25741" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-04T13:21:59.150" Score="0" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of today (March 4) the longest current winning streak in the NBA is 3 games (3 different teams).  That seems highly unusual.  What is the all time shortest current longest winning streak (I guess the theoretical minimum is 1)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20972" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-03-06T05:26:12.183" LastActivityDate="2021-03-06T05:26:12.183" Title="Shortest Current Longest Winning Streak in NBA history" Tags="|trivia|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17191" CreationDate="2021-03-05T13:14:07.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to this video its called double stepover but i dont think that this is the offical name for it.&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/oUv0IuhwM5Q?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20977" LastActivityDate="2021-03-05T13:14:07.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25745" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-07T16:03:28.553" Score="4" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1954 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, the top two teams from each group advanced to the quarter-finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strangely enough, all four group winners ended up in the same bracket, and the runner-up teams faced each other in the other bracket. This made a dream final between Hungary, Brazil, or Uruguay impossible, and eventually helped group runner-up West Germany reach the final more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was this decision taken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20982" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-10-31T08:54:10.430" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T08:54:10.430" Title="How was the 1954 FIFA World Cup quarter-final draw determined?" Tags="|football|world-cup|ranking|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25745" CreationDate="2021-03-08T01:56:11.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at a decent number of articles about the 1954 world cup, none of them talk about why the tournament had the strange format. Some only mention the format and note how strange it was comparing to current-day format. But that being said, the format is strange to us because we've had a format that hasn't changed much in many years and is very symmetric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take a look at the previous tournaments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 1930 world cup had 13 teams, hard to imagine having odd number of teams now a days.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 1934 and 1928 tournaments had no group stage, all matches were knockout matches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 1950 games had 2 rounds of group stages. The 4 winners of the initial group round played another set of round robin matches to determine the champion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So although the 1954 tournament had a weird format, there had been no agreed upon format yet. All world cups till then had a strange format with today's standard. The hosts and FIFA were still trying to figure out a &amp;quot;fair&amp;quot; format. Traveling was much harder back in the day - think of having teams travel to Uruguay back in 1930! Also as the tournament gained more and more popularity, and with the rise of broadcasting, having more matches and teams to increase revenue became a goal for the organizers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nonetheless, the format was criticized, eventually leading to a format we currently have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that aside my guess is the mentality was that the best team should win the tournament, regardless of the format. If I had to speculate why the knockout stage of the tournament was held that way, these are what I can think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It guarantees blockbuster match ups&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Currently, the group winners play another group's runner up. By forcing the group winners to play each other, you guarantee that you get higher anticipated/quality match ups. Under current format it's possible there are no group winners left in round of 8 or after. Again, if the best team is supposed to win, format doesn't matter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It makes knockout matches more intriguing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams playing each other would be playing opponents of similar quality. You could argue the current format benefits top teams as they don't tend to play teams of their quality or better till the very end, while weaker teams have to pull an upset match after match to get deep.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It exhibits higher fairness for weaker teams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By matching up teams of similar strength, a weaker team is given more chance of getting to the final and winning the tournament. After all, West Germany's win over Hungary was a major upset. West Germany was an unseeded team in the tournament and they had already beaten 8-3 by Hungary in the group round.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T01:56:11.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25747" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25748" CreationDate="2021-03-08T07:13:42.843" Score="5" ViewCount="643" Body="&lt;p&gt;During badminton matches, in very rare circumstances, the shuttlecock (birdie) will fall to rest on the top of the net.  I'm not referring to when the shuttlecock gets stuck in the mesh of the net; I'm referring to when the shuttlecock literally lands &lt;em&gt;- feathers down -&lt;/em&gt; on the top edge of the net, and continues to rest there without further movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is exceptionally rare, but when it happens, it is usually the result of a lob play that is initiated close to the net and is performed with very low velocity and minimal spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a link to video of a great example of this occurring:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.viewpure.com/sXls9PPr54Q&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.viewpure.com/sXls9PPr54Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct ruling when this happens, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10112" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T07:28:36.393" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T09:56:10.890" Title="What is the ruling in badminton when the shuttlecock (birdie) rests on the top of the net?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25747" CreationDate="2021-03-08T09:56:10.890" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shuttle stuck on top of the net is a fault during service and a let otherwise, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§13.2.1 It shall be a fault if in service the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§14.2.3.1 It shall be a let if after the service is returned, the shuttle is&#xA;caught on the net and remains suspended on its top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T09:56:10.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-09T14:48:10.947" Score="0" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I know from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.donic-schildkroet.com/en/features/technolgies.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official page&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the QRC (Quick Rubber Change) rubbers you can simply stick on the new or higher-class coverings. The unique Schildkröt QRC system is designed to replace and upgrade rubber and sponge within seconds. Simply pull the old one off and stick on the new one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I can't find any video or (more) detailed instruction about how to change one rubber to another. Also I found only three rubbers &lt;em&gt;supporting QRC&lt;/em&gt; - &amp;quot;QRC-Rubber Liga/Energy/Champ&amp;quot; and that's all.&#xA;So, my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Am I need a glue to &lt;em&gt;install&lt;/em&gt; new rubber?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What rubbers I can &lt;em&gt;install&lt;/em&gt; to the bat with QRC?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How exactly to do this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;P.s.: For context, I'm using Carbotec 900 now.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20988" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T19:19:12.040" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T09:27:54.940" Title="What is Donic-Schildkröt's &quot;QRC system&quot;?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="602" CreationDate="2021-03-12T06:01:44.273" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surf Bowl in Santa Cruz CA in 1978.  Diane Ponza bowled a 300 with a league average of 112.  I was the pinsetter mechanic on duty when she did it.  She used an 8lb pink house ball, rolled 10 straight and thought she was done so she put the ball back on the rack.  We had to tell her she had two more to go and she got the ball and rolled two more strikes.  I had to shut down that lane and box the pins for inspection.  The ABC came out and inspected the pins, ball, and lane conditions and sanctioned the 300 the next day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20994" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-12T08:03:16.373" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T08:03:16.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24810" CreationDate="2021-03-12T18:59:59.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a simple step-by-step way to effectively do this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Go in one direction at a relatively fast speed so both you and the defender are moving at similar speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Remember to be dribbling on the foot on the opposite side of the defender (if not they will easily steal the ball from you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Employ a skill and/or a change of speed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this important?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Skills and change of speeds are the best way to fake out or get around a defender in a one-on-one match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Changes of speed may mean doing a skill, then speeding up, or slowing/stopping so the defender accelerates past you giving you an opportunity to dribble past them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also a good idea to use a skill. Remember, keep it simple and something that you can do. Don't just do a skill to do a skill. If you can use a change of speed or an easier method, do it. If you see an opportunity to use a skill that you have well-practiced, and you can time it properly, this will be effective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some ideas for a basic and easy skill are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a rollover&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a cut to the side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a fake pass or shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a stepover or scissors move&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20996" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T18:59:59.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3490" CreationDate="2021-03-13T02:00:52.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most referees would interpret this as going &lt;strong&gt;against&lt;/strong&gt; the 2020/21 Laws of the Game. Take your pick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent without contact&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent means moving into the opponent’s path to obstruct, block, slow down or force a change of direction when the ball is not within playing distance of either player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I would call &lt;em&gt;Impeding the progress of an opponent without contact&lt;/em&gt; which results in a restart of an indirect free kick at the spot of the offense. Also, I believe most referees would not give a yellow card for this unless the offender's intention was to waste time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20997" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T02:00:52.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25468" CreationDate="2021-03-13T06:19:47.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assistant referees must watch for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;offside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ball going outside the field of play (including going into a goal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fouls that are near you&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watching if the ball goes out of play is more important. Once every 5 seconds, quickly glance to keep up with the second to last defender and quickly note offside players. Right after the ball is kicked or not near a boundary line, you can look for offside. In most cases, it will be clear who is offside. If you are in doubt, keep your flag down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20997" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T06:19:47.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25301" CreationDate="2021-03-13T06:41:49.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football (soccer), the tie breaker in a league table is goal differential, goals for, and goals against in that order. For that reason, teams should always aim to score goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, when one team has a huge lead over another, celebrations are more calm. Also, star players may be given a break to prevent injury and players that don't play as often may be put in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the losing team thinks you are show-boating or want to take out their anger on losing badly, they may start playing dirty or make dangerous tackles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20997" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T06:41:49.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1991" CreationDate="2021-03-13T09:08:14.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having refereed both sports, I'd like to offer another possible  answer. The laws of rugby support the referee as being the sole 'judge of law and fact'. This places the referee in an esteemed role which is backed up (at least most of the time) by the administrators of the game. Football (soccer) does not have such an explicit status and protection for referees (or, at least, does not enforce it). If football administrators drew a line in the sand of referee abuse, it would all change. Until then, players will continue to have a free regin. This does show that football is more ambivalent about the role of referrees than in rugby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastEditorUserId="19255" LastEditDate="2021-03-13T09:18:24.123" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T09:18:24.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25759" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-13T09:35:23.283" Score="3" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;Outside of history, what are the reasons/benefits to continue with the conference structure in NFL? Under the current structure, it is impossible for there to be a Superbowl between the two best teams if they are from the same conference. (Yes, a similar question can be asked for the NBA, MBL &amp;amp; NHL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-03-13T10:53:29.847" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T22:21:33.807" Title="What are the reasons/benefits to continue with the conference structure in NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25745" CreationDate="2021-03-13T20:38:30.503" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not true that the group-winners ended in the same bracket. Instead, Group1 played against Group2 and Group3 against Group4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Austria (G3, 1st) - Switzerland (G4, 2nd)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Uruguay (G3, 2nd) - England (G4, 1st)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hungary (G2, 1st) - Brazil (G1, 2nd)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;West Germany (G2, 2nd) - Yugoslawia (G1, 1st)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is pretty much the modus of modern FIFA World Cups (since 1982). So the reason there was no &amp;quot;Dream Final&amp;quot; like Brazil-Hungary was that Brazil ended up second in their group. The weird thing about the 1954 World Cup was the first stage, where two teams in each group were seeded and did not need to play each other. This lead to repeated games in the first round (West Germany vs Turkey and Switzerland vs Italy). This was supposed to make sure the seeded teams advance more likely to the next round. I agree with the other answer that it took FIFA a long time to figure out a decent mode.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2021-03-13T20:38:30.503" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25759" CreationDate="2021-03-13T21:30:13.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has A LOT to do with history, specially to the format and set up of the major league sports in North America. Let's compare the North American leagues to European Soccer leagues. In North America there is no promotion and relegation, and also there is only 1 cup per year. These differences result in having divisions and conferences to promote rivalry, and also indirectly to other phenomenon like the draft (that's not to say divisions are a strictly North American structure). Since the teams don't change, and there's only 1 championship to be won, a fair way to create rivalries is via the introduction of divisions and conferences. In most cases however, including for the NFL, these conferences came to existence in a very natural way of 2 leagues merging together. Rivalries are good for the leagues. It creates more anticipated match ups, which results in more fan and media attention, and so revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since in the other 3 leagues at least 82 games are played per season, one could argue that the conferences could be dropped, since each team can play the others' at least 2 times with a few more divisional games. Or perhaps with addition of a few more games to a season, all teams could play each other 3 times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that argument can't hold for the NFL. This is because as of 2021, each NFL team plays only 16 regular season games, while there are 32 teams in the league. Generally speaking, football seasons consist of relatively low number of matches per season. If conferences were to be removed, teams should play the exact same, or very similar number of games across their opponents. But in an NFL season one team can play roughly half of the other teams in the league at the very most. So the schedule parity would be very low to have no conferences in the NFL. Unless the games per season are at least doubled, which requires a drastic change of training, compensation, player intensity, and perhaps game duration, the NFL won't drop its conferences. Perhaps we're even more likely to see more conferences in the future, than their removal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-15T22:21:33.807" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T22:21:33.807" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25762" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-14T18:23:33.987" Score="2" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say hypothetically that a player plays a lobbed pass back to the keeper (played with the player's foot), and the keeper manages to control the pass with his head. Is he allowed to pick up the ball in this instance, or does this still constitute a backpass?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand there are rules against &amp;quot;circumventing the laws,&amp;quot; but I have not been able to find something on this type of situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21018" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-14T20:11:18.157" LastActivityDate="2021-03-14T20:11:18.157" Title="Can a goalkeeper head a backpass then pick it up?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25762" CreationDate="2021-03-14T20:10:58.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seems to me this is just covered by the normal backpass rule (part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/93/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17.2&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick is awarded if a goalkeeper, inside their penalty area, commits any of the following offences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;touches the ball with the hand/arm, unless the goalkeeper has clearly kicked or attempted to kick the ball to release it into play, after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it has been deliberately kicked to the goalkeeper by a team-mate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the goalkeeper has not clearly kicked or attempted to kick the ball, so they are not allowed to handle the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-03-14T20:10:58.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-14T22:00:36.987" Score="0" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a UEFA Champions League/Europa League final took place between two teams who had already played against one another in the group stage of either competition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21019" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-14T22:37:52.543" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T08:10:16.910" Title="A UEFA Champions League/Europa League final between two teams who already played against one another in the group stage of either competition?" Tags="|football|trivia|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25764" CreationDate="2021-03-15T08:10:16.910" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Europa League: No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Champions League: Yes, twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994/95&lt;/a&gt;: Ajax - Milan (1-0)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ajax won both games in the group stage 2-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_UEFA_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998/99&lt;/a&gt;: Manchester United - Bayern (2-1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both group stage games ended in a draw (2-2 and 1-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T08:10:16.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25759" CreationDate="2021-03-15T22:01:30.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should remember that the reason for the Superbowl, and the NFL's structure, do not exist for the purpose of &amp;quot;finding the best team&amp;quot;, not to mention &amp;quot;finding the best matchup for the Superbowl&amp;quot;.  Even if they were, they'd likely fail no matter what - the NFL is the least likely sport of the 4 major sports to find the &amp;quot;best&amp;quot; team with its championship, mostly due to the one-and-done nature of the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL's purpose is to &lt;em&gt;make money&lt;/em&gt;, and the divisions and conferences enable this.  Division rivalries lead to teams &amp;quot;hating&amp;quot; each other, and they play twice a season in-division; in-conference, they also play more often (they play six of the 12 in-conference teams each season, and every team at least once every three seasons, versus four of the 16 out-of-conference teams).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's certainly possible to change this over time, but I don't expect it to change soon - even if they decided the divisions/conferences didn't make them money, any change tends to be disliked by a vocal group; there aren't a ton of people pushing &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; this, as opposed to (say) NBA playoff realignment (and note that the NBA still has divisions and conferences, and even in the playoffs the conference alignment still exists).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T22:01:30.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25779" CreationDate="2021-03-16T03:18:20.803" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;While practicing juggling I discovered two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am &lt;em&gt;currently&lt;/em&gt; horrible at juggling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball seems to have a backspin when I hit it&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two seem related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me explain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When juggling, the ball seems to hit a place on my foot right below my laces. I try to keep my foot firm and myself in a stationary position -- yet the ball spins off of it and back towards me - usually bouncing off my shins. Maybe my foot or toes are curling upwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the root of the problem here and what would be the most effective way to combat it?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have looked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24874/where-should-the-ball-touch-the-foot-when-juggling-in-football&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, and it was helpful, but I do not think mine is a duplicate, as that question asks what the best way to do this skill is, while I am asking about addressing a particular problem I have encountered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20996" LastActivityDate="2021-03-18T19:02:10.900" Title="How can I correct my juggling?" Tags="|football|technique|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14060" CreationDate="2021-03-16T13:57:26.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Finally, they seem to be available. They are being compiled on &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona#2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Spanish version of Wikipedia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Club assists: 208&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;National team assists (including u-20 assists) 33+22 = 55.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total senior assists: 241&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total assists including U-20: 263&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-16T14:30:53.607" LastActivityDate="2021-03-16T14:30:53.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25583" CreationDate="2021-03-16T17:56:32.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the 2020/21 Laws of the Game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a disciplinary sanction may &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; be issued after play has restarted if another match official had identified and attempted to communicate the offence to the referee before play restarted; the restart associated with the sanction does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The amount of time elapsing since the offense does not change whether a disciplinary sanction (yellow or red card) can be given for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20997" LastActivityDate="2021-03-16T17:56:32.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-17T14:48:30.273" Score="-4" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which F1 driver swerved towards his team at the pit wall, causing him to be overtaken? Other things I remember:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He lost the race and his job because of this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It may have been in a Renault.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It may have been Jarno Trulli or Giancarlo Fisichella.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21030" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-17T16:43:31.720" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T15:54:58.187" Title="Which F1 driver was overtaken after swerving towards his team at the pit wall?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25776" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-17T15:07:45.147" Score="3" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching &lt;a href=&quot;//www.youtube.com/watch?v=p84GDFtDgWI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a compilation video&lt;/a&gt; that included many clips in which a catcher, immediately after a pitch, threw to second base, and a fielder tagged someone out who was stealing from first. In many of those clips, you can see that fielder then toss the ball in the direction away from the pitcher, seemingly to the center fielder or the second-base umpire. Whom is he tossing it to, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="354" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-03-19T00:55:33.510" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T17:27:44.237" Title="Tossing the ball after tagging out an attempted steal at second" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25775" CreationDate="2021-03-17T16:43:29.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you may be misremembering an incident that occurred with Jarno Trulli at the 2004 French Grand Prix, while he was driving for Renault. Trulli was 3rd on the final lap, but with only a few corners to go, he ran wide and allowed Rubens Barrichello to overtake him, losing out on a podium finish. Trulli wasn't sacked immediately after the incident, but it did sour his relationship with the team, and he was ultimately sacked with three races to go, having failed to score any points since the French GP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see footage of the incident here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/bxd6nZ1kHk4?start=281&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you may be recalling an incident in an F3000 race at Monaco, in which Bjorn Wirdheim did exactly what you describe: he slowed down and swerved towards the pit wall to celebrate, thinking he'd already crossed the finish line, and Nicolas Kiesa overtook him and stole the win. Again, though, Wirdheim wasn't sacked, and actually went on to win the F3000 title that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see footage of &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; incident here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/t90y6ikbCR8?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-28T15:54:58.187" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T15:54:58.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21037" CreationDate="2021-03-17T17:28:04.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2007/10/7/143729/816&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bloody Elbow article&lt;/a&gt; (one of the leading MMA sites) from 2007 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following the end of every round the judges turn their cards in to the&#xA;ref who holds them to make sure that no score changing happens &amp;quot;after&#xA;the fact.&amp;quot;  Of course...with boxing's history there are plenty of&#xA;fights that can be pointed to as examples of where people feel that&#xA;score changing DID happen.  But that is neither here nor there I&#xA;suppose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of the fight each judge's card is totaled with the fighter&#xA;with the most points on that card being the winner.  You need to win&#xA;at least 2 of the 3 judges scorecards to get a win.  So, winning on&#xA;one card and the other two cards being a draw would mean it was a&#xA;&amp;quot;majority draw.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the judges must enter a score at the end of each round, and those scores are checked by the referee to make sure they're not tampered with afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-24T15:37:47.463" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T15:37:47.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25772" CreationDate="2021-03-18T19:02:10.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have talked to some friends and showed them my juggling, and most of them think that I am juggling on or right above my toes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am indeed juggling with my toes, I could understand the backspin because it would hit the tip of my foot and curl back toward or away from me. This is not controlled at all and doesn't get me very many juggles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They suggested practicing juggling the ball off the proper area of my foot by resorting to the simple method of dropping the ball, juggling one or two times, and then catching it - this time with the proper area of the foot (right below the laces) to retrain myself before trying to regularly juggle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hopefully this works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20996" LastActivityDate="2021-03-18T19:02:10.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25776" CreationDate="2021-03-19T00:55:13.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They’re tossing it to a teammate.  It’s a common thing to do after completing a play; it’s sort of the baseball version of spiking the ball after a touchdown - but more respectful, not with the implication of belittling the opponent. You won’t see it when there are other players on base unless it’s the final out of the inning, or course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve always assumed that it was mostly a way to build team spirit - the out only really involved the catcher and the 2B or SS, but they throw it around the diamond to get the other guys in on the action. It’s also a good way to practice throwing - while these guys are very good, more muscle memory is always a good thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T00:55:13.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-19T09:27:53.987" Score="2" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2020-2021 Europa League knockout stages, Arsenal beat Olympiacos 3-1 in Greece, then &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=595525&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lost the return leg in England 0-1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If instead they had lost the return leg 0-2, making the aggregate score 3-3, what would have happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21037" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-24T17:26:58.123" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T17:27:56.327" Title="What happens in the UEFA Europa League when a 2-legged match is tied?" Tags="|football|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25782" CreationDate="2021-03-19T09:38:55.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;away goals&amp;quot; rule applies; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://documents.uefa.com/r/Regulations-of-the-UEFA-Europa-League-2020/21/Article-19-Away-goals-rule-extra-time-and-kicks-from-the-penalty-mark-Online&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 19 of the Competition Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For matches played under the knockout system, if the two teams involved in a tie score the same number of goals over the two legs, the team which scores more away goals qualifies for the next stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so in your example, Arsenal would win the tie as they scored 3 away goals to Olympiacos's 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-24T17:27:56.327" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T17:27:56.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25784" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-19T10:35:40.840" Score="2" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got a bonus from the betting website I use. What does the following mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To withdraw your bonus, you are required to wager 18 euros with cumulative odds of 1.5 or greater&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xb5ba.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xb5ba.png&quot; alt=&quot;Here is the message I get &quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a total of 600 euro, 150 from my money and 450 from the bonuses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21038" LastEditorUserId="21038" LastEditDate="2021-03-19T15:00:58.653" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T15:00:58.653" Title="Understanding wager when receiving bonus" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25785" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26491" CreationDate="2021-03-19T13:14:43.833" Score="1" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone asked &amp;quot;how many assists did Maradona make for his national team&amp;quot; (Argentina)? and the answer was &amp;quot;National team assists (including u-20 assists) 33+22 = 55.&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, as a small part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=GOAT%20DEBATE%20pele&amp;amp;oq=GOAT%20DEBATE%20pele&amp;amp;aqs=chrome..69i57.5355j0j4&amp;amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;GOAT debate&lt;/a&gt; I would like this compared to Pele.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many assists did Pele make for Brazil?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastActivityDate="2022-01-12T17:59:05.273" Title="How many assists did Pele make for Brazil?" Tags="|football|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-19T14:08:05.390" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GOAT debate&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Intercontinental_Cup#First_leg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;GOAT debate&lt;/a&gt; Pele was unproven against European clubs, yet in the Intercontinental cup Pele scored two goals in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Intercontinental_Cup#First_leg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962 Intercontinental Cup&lt;/a&gt; first leg at home to European champions S. L. Benfica. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Intercontinental_Cup#Second_leg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second leg&lt;/a&gt; he hit a hat-trick on Benfica's home turf taking his tally to five goals in two games against the European cup winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first leg of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Intercontinental_Cup#First_leg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1963 Intercontinental Cup&lt;/a&gt; Pele scored another two goals on European cup winners A. C. Milan's home turf, though he did not score anymore in the return leg nor replay, taking his total to seven goals in five games against European cup winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pele also failed to score in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Intercontinental_Supercup#First_leg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1968 Intercontinental Cup&lt;/a&gt; final against Inter Milan, making his total against European cup winners only seven in six games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pele also scored a &lt;a href=&quot;https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_5%E2%80%933_Santos_(1959)#Partida&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;single goal&lt;/a&gt; against arguably the greatest team in the world at the time, Real Madrid, on Real's home turf, making his total against European cup winners eight goals in seven games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, for those interested in the notable GOAT debate that argue that Pele never proved himself against the best sides in Europe, how many goals have his GOAT competitors, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo &amp;amp; Diego Maradona each scored against European cup winners (UEFA Champions League) and is their goal per game ratio against European cup winners (Champions League) better than Pele's?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It only applies to the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) games against whoever were current European cup/Champions League winners at the time of game being played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) games against whichever team went on to win the European cup/Champions League the same season the game was played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) In the instance that the team they played for won the European cup/Champions League, then I will accept games against the runners up, from either season cup was won, or season following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not an easy one and will require a lot of researching and going through the players fixture lists, but there is 50 bonus points available for whoever proves that Pele is or is not the GOAT when it comes to goals per game against european cup/champions league winners/elite european clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there were a couple of seasons when Real Madrid defeated Atletico Madrid in the final. For those seasons Atletico Madrid count as european cup winners from Cristiano Ronaldo's perspective, but for Lionel Messi, Real Madrid are the european cup winners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastEditorUserId="20942" LastEditDate="2021-03-24T16:00:19.203" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T16:00:19.203" Title="What is Lionel Messi's, Cristiano Ronaldo's and Diego Maradona's goals per game ratio against european cup/champions league winners?" Tags="|football|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25787" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-19T14:19:24.947" Score="-4" ViewCount="796" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the tennis scoring system still remain as it is ? By that I mean the 0-15-30-40 progression. The obvious 1,2,3,4 progression makes more sense as it is simplistic and does not indicate additional rules for inbetween the 30-40 points.&#xA;There is no real merit to it apart from confusing newcomers and make the game sound more excentric than it actually is. It confuses me how an obvious traditional approach to note points held up this long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21045" LastEditorUserId="21045" LastEditDate="2021-03-19T14:25:10.647" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T08:08:37.910" Title="Why is there no attempt to change the tennis scoring system?" Tags="|tennis|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2021-03-24T17:28:04.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25776" CreationDate="2021-03-19T17:27:44.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is common for the ball to be tossed around the infield after any out before the inning is over and there are no runners on base, not just after a caught stealing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(A)#around_the_horn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(A)#around_the_horn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infielders' practice of throwing the ball to each other after recording an out, provided there are no runners on base. The purpose is as much traditional as anything, but it also serves to keep the infielders' throwing arms active.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-03-19T17:27:44.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25787" CreationDate="2021-03-19T20:45:46.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know that there's an objective answer to this question.  Most endeavors that require a lot of time and expertise have their own jargon and historical artifacts, not just in sports and certainly not just in tennis.  (Insert anecdote about cricket fielding position names).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In recent years there have been many proposals and implementations at different levels that are modifications on traditional tennis scoring.  None of the ones I'm aware of have attempted to recast the point advancement counts to just &amp;quot;1-2-3-game&amp;quot;.  Instead, they have mainly focused on the desire to speed up play and prevent matches from being too long.  Examples being:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Increased use of tiebreaks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No-advantage scoring (removes deuce as a score)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Removal of let serve&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4-point sets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would appear that any confusion around the traditional 15-30-40-game scoring has not been a priority for match directors and rule makers to address.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the current system does have one feature that could be considered beneficial: that the game score other than 0-0 cannot be confused for the the set score or match score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-03-20T08:08:37.910" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T08:08:37.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25794" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-20T05:03:29.580" Score="1" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batsman hits the ball and the ball spins and goes to the wicket, if he stops the ball with the bat, is he out or not out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21048" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-20T09:26:20.720" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T10:00:21.253" Title="Is a batsman out if they stop a ball spinning onto the wicket with their bat?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2021-03-21T00:40:20.433" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25794" CreationDate="2021-03-20T07:06:55.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He is not out. He is allowed to use the bat to guard his wicket if the ball is rolling back to the wicket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;34.3 Ball lawfully struck more than once&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker may, solely in order to guard his/her wicket and before the ball has been touched by a fielder, lawfully strike the ball a second or subsequent time with the bat, or with any part of his/her person other than a hand not holding the bat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21026" LastEditorUserId="21026" LastEditDate="2021-03-20T10:00:21.253" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T10:00:21.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25799" CreationDate="2021-03-21T04:01:32.710" Score="1" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two badminton players, A and B.&#xA;A makes a sort of eccentric move. This involves a woodshot by the tip of the racket that caused the shuttlecock to turn into boomerang, first moving vertically backwards, then upwards and forwards above the net, crossing to the other side, then moving down and backward again like going full circle, finally touching the net on the side of player B, before dropping down on the side of B. The entire sequence is so swift it is almost impossible for player B to catch the shuttlecock before hitting the net on his/her side.&#xA;I have hypothesized this as a special move in the novel I am writing about badminton. I am aware of two conflicting rules here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whoever hits the shuttlecock last before it hits the net loses the point to the opponent (in this case A loses);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whose side the shuttlecock falls upon loses the point (in this case B loses).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Regarding this certain move, it is mere hypothetical but I think it is possible to execute if physics is concerned, but given the force it requires, it can destroy the feathers of the shuttlecock in the process, so I dub it the &lt;strong&gt;Birdkill&lt;/strong&gt; move in my novel draft.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is will this kind of move be beneficial to player A or will it be considered a fault giving the score to player B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21050" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-21T04:10:24.127" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T22:34:08.247" Title="Who gets the point in this hypothetical badminton move?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25797" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25798" CreationDate="2021-03-21T06:02:58.960" Score="4" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end of the Winnipeg Jets vs the Edmonton Oilers match on March 20th 2021, the Jets captain Nikolaj Elers threw the puck in frustration and got a game misconduct penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the game was over at that point, is there any significance to that penalty, besides perhaps fines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-03-21T09:53:59.187" Title="Game misconduct at the end of the NHL match" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25797" CreationDate="2021-03-21T09:53:59.187" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Effectively, no - the game is over, penalties will not affect the result of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only slight caveat is that the NHL does enforce automatic suspensions for players with multiple game misconduct penalties; &lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/319997074/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 23.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In regular League games, any player who incurs a total of three (3) game misconduct penalties in the “General Category” and exclusive of other designated categories, shall be suspended for the next League game of his team. For each subsequent game misconduct penalty, the automatic suspension shall be increased by one game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so this could conceivably have some influence on matches later in the season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-03-21T09:53:59.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25796" CreationDate="2021-03-21T13:31:59.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you describe is just a fancy tumbling net cord shot. These shots can certainly touch the net or come close to it on the returner's side of the net. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZqf73nHR2A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; for ample samples, and some examples of people &lt;em&gt;returning&lt;/em&gt; these shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, there is no rule saying that whoever hits the shuttle last into the net loses a point. The relevant rules are (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§15.1 A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the &lt;strong&gt;striker’s&lt;/strong&gt; side of the net.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;§15.2 A shuttle is not in play when it hits the surface of the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§15.1 does not apply here since the shuttle touches the net on the returner's, and not the striker's side. So if B is unable to return the shot, then it's simply a point for A because the shuttle lands within the court boundaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In real life, this shot does not require force but control, and is thus played with the strings rather than the frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A has another problem though: Since the shot completely destroys the shuttle, it's going to be a let:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§14.2.4 It shall be a let if during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you hit a shuttle really hard, it won't disintegrate right away; top players do that all the time. But shuttles will break much faster the harder you hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the resulting shot of hitting with a lot of force is a very fast smash, and definitely not tumbling. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Drag&lt;/a&gt; grows quadratically with speed, so the forces acting on a shuttle to stabilize are much stronger for fast shuttles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why not have A be able of very fast smashes, faster than B can react? This moves the ability from fantastical (which is fine if you're aiming for a &lt;em&gt;Dragon Ball&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Harry Potter&lt;/em&gt; style, but strange if the novel is set in real life) to something that is certainly possible:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Usually the fastest smashers are professionals, but it is absolutely not unheard of for strong amateurs – or professionals who lack in other areas of the game – to get the timing and technique of an extremely hard smash &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; right. Maybe A has this timing down, trains smashes all the time, has the perfect arm length, and does plenty of relevant strength work in the gym.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This allows you to not alienate badminton-aware players, keep the &lt;em&gt;Birdkill&lt;/em&gt; name, and have A have a finishing move (although maybe B can find a strategy to negate this?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, A may be an excellent net player, somebody who can play excellent tumbling net shots, maybe tricking their opponent as to whether the shot is going long-line or cross. This keeps the results of the shot you envision, but it does not destroy shuttles, and the player archetype is more of a trickster rather than brute force guy, even if in real life net shots requires a lot of repetition too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastEditorUserId="1419" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T22:34:08.247" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T22:34:08.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25786" CreationDate="2021-03-22T00:28:27.083" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diego Maradona&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diego Maradona scored five goals in eleven games against european cup winners.&#xA;His goal per game ratio is less than half that of Pele.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 December 1984. Juventus 2–0 Napoli. P1 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 May 1985. Napoli 0–0 Juventus. P2 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 November 1985. Napoli 1–0 Juventus. (Maradona) P3 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 March 1986. Juventus 1–1 Napoli. P4 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 November 1988. Napoli 4–1 Milan. (Maradona 1) P5 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 April 1989. Milan 0–0 Napoli. P6 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 October 1989. Napoli 3–0 Milan. (Maradona 1) P7 G3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11 February 1990. Milan 3–0 Napoli. P8 G3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14 February 1990. Napoli 1-3 Milan. (Maradona) P9 G4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 October 1990. Napoli 1–1 Milan. (Maradona) P10 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 March 1991. Milan 4–1 Napoli. P11 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo has a goal per game ratio nowhere near Pele, though slightly better than Diego Maradona, with twenty seven goals in fifty two games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25 February 2004. Porto 2-1 Man U. P1 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;9 March 2004. Man U 1-1 Porto. P2 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 September 2004. Man U 2-1 Liverpool. P3 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;15 January 2005. Liverpool 0-1 Man U. P4 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;18 September 2005. Liverpool 0–0 Man U. P5 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22 January 2006. Man U 1-0 Liverpool. P6 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;18 February 2006. Liverpool 1-0 Man U. P7 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 April 2007. Man U 3-2 Milan. (Ronaldo 1) P8 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 May 2007. Milan 3-0 Man U. P9 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 September 2007. Man U 2-0 Chelsea. P10 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;26 April 2008. Chelsea 2-1 Man U. P11 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 May 2008. Chelsea 1–1 Man U. (Ronaldo) P12 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 September 2008. Chelsea 1–1 Man U. P13 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11 January 2009. Man U 3–0 Chelsea. P14 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 May 2009. Barcelona 2-0 Man U. P15 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;29 November 2009. Barcelona 1–0 Real Madrid. P16 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 April 2010. Real Madrid 0–2 Barcelona. P17 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;29 November 2010. Barcelona 5–0 Real Madrid. P18 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 April 2011. Real Madrid 1–1 Barcelona. (Ronaldo) P19 G3&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 April 2011. Barcelona 0–1 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo) P20 G4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 April 2011. Real Madrid. 0–2 Barcelona. P21 G4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 May 2011. Barcelona 1–1 Real Madrid. P22 G4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10 December 2011. Real Madrid 1–3 Barcelona. P23 G4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 April 2012. Barcelona 1–2 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo) P24 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;18 January 2012. Real Madrid 1–2 Barcelona. (Ronaldo) P25 G6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25 January 2012. Barcelona 2–2 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 2) P26 G8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 September 2013. Real Madrid 0–1 Atlético Madrid. P27 G8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 March 2014. Atlético Madrid 2–2 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 1) P28 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 February 2014. Real Madrid 3–0 Atlético Madrid. P29 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11 February 2014. Atlético Madrid 0–2 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 2) P30 G11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 April 2014. Real Madrid 1–0 Bayern Munich. P31 G11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;29 April 2014. Bayern Munich Germany 0–4 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 2) P32 G13&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 May 2014. Real Madrid 4–1 Atlético Madrid. (Ronaldo 1) P33 G14&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;13 September 2014. Real Madrid 1–2 Atlético Madrid. (Ronaldo) P34 G15&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25 October 2014. Real Madrid 3–1 Barcelona. (Ronaldo 1) P35 G16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 February 2015. Atlético Madrid 4–0 Real Madrid. P36 G16&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22 March 2015. Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo) P37 G17&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 January 2015. Atlético Madrid 2–0 Real Madrid. P38 G17&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;15 January 2015. Real Madrid 2–2 Atlético Madrid. (Ronaldo 1) P39 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14 April 2015. Atlético Madrid 0–0 Real Madrid. P40 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22 April 2015. Real Madrid 1–0 Atlético Madrid. P41 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4 October 2015. Atlético Madrid 1–1 Real Madrid. P42 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 November 2015. Real Madrid 0–4 Barcelona. P43 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 February 2016. Real Madrid 0–1 Atlético Madrid. P44 G18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 April 2016. Barcelona 1–2 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 1) P45 G19&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 May 2016. Real Madrid 1–1 Atlético Madrid. P46 G19&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;19 November 2016. Atlético Madrid 0–3 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 3) P47 G22&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8 April 2017. Real Madrid 1–1 Atlético Madrid. P48 G22&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 June 2017. Juventus 1–4 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 2) P49 G24&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 April 2018. Juventus. 0–3 Real Madrid. (Ronaldo 2) P50 G26&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11 April 2018. Real Madrid 1–3 Juventus. (Ronaldo) P51 G27&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;26 May 2018. Real Madrid 3–1 Liverpool. P52 G27&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lionel Messi has the worst return of all four, and does not appear on the same planet as Pele nor Cristiano Ronaldo when it comes to goals against the elite, with only eleven goals in thirty two games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;17 May 2006. Barcelona 2–1 Arsenal. P1 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 April 2008. Barcelona 0-0 Manchester United. P2 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;29 April 2008. Manchester United 1-0 Barcelona. P3 G0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 May 2009. Barcelona 2–0 Manchester United. (Messi 1) P4 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 September 2009. Inter Milan 0–0 Barcelona. P5 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 November 2009. Barcelona 2–0 Inter Milan. P6 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20 April 2010. Inter Milan 3–1 Barcelona. P7 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 April 2010. Barcelona 1–0 Inter Milan. P8 G1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 May 2011. Barcelona 3–1 Manchester United. (Messi 1) P9 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;18 April 2012. Chelsea 1–0 Barcelona. P10 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;24 April 2012. Barcelona 2–2 Chelsea. P11 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 April 2013. Bayern Munich 4–0 Barcelona. P12 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 May 2013. Barcelona 0–3 Bayern Munich. P13 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;26 October 2013. Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid. P14 G2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 March 2014. Real Madrid 3–4 Barcelona. (Messi 3) P15 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 April 2014. Barcelona 1–2 Real Madrid. P16 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25 October 2014. Real Madrid 3–1 Barcelona. P17 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22 March 2015. Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid. P18 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 June 2015. Juventus 1–3 Barcelona. P19 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21 November 2015. Real Madrid 0–4 Barcelona. P20 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 April 2016 Barcelona 1–2 Real Madrid. P21 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 December 2016. Barcelona 1–1 Real Madrid. P22 G5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 April 2017. Real Madrid 2–3 Barcelona. (Messi 2) P23 G7&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 December 2017. Real Madrid 0–3 Barcelona. (Messi 1) P24 G8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 May 2018. Barcelona 2–2 Real Madrid. (Messi 1) P25 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;28 October 2018. Barcelona 5–1 Real Madrid. P26 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 March 2019. Real Madrid 0–1 Barcelona. P27 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 February 2019. Barcelona 1–1 Real Madrid. P28 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27 February 2019. Real Madrid 0–3 Barcelona. P29 G9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 May 2019. Barcelona 3–0 Liverpool. (Messi 2) P30 G11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 May 2019. Liverpool 4–0 Barcelona. P31 G11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14 August 2020. Barcelona 2–8 Bayern Munich. P32 G11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-03-22T04:18:06.757" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T04:18:06.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25698" CreationDate="2021-03-23T10:50:28.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the league in Switzerland is also known to be of high quality due to the preferable geographic location of Switzerland. Since Italy, Germany and France are quite close, players from these countries participate. The league there is called &lt;em&gt;Interclub&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.swisstennis.ch/national/rado-interclub&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.swisstennis.ch/national/rado-interclub&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, France has a team competition called &lt;em&gt;Interclub&lt;/em&gt;. See more information here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fft.fr/competition/tennis/epreuves-par-equipes/interclubs-seniors-pro-pro-b&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fft.fr/competition/tennis/epreuves-par-equipes/interclubs-seniors-pro-pro-b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top league in Italy is called &lt;em&gt;Serie A1&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.federtennis.it/Campionati-tornei-e-classifiche/Campionati-nazionali/campionati-affiliati&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.federtennis.it/Campionati-tornei-e-classifiche/Campionati-nazionali/campionati-affiliati&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9793" LastActivityDate="2021-03-23T10:50:28.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21037" CreationDate="2021-03-24T13:40:11.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the competition follows the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.abcboxing.com/committee-report-on-unified-rules-for-mma/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unified Rules of MMA&lt;/a&gt;, they are based on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.abcboxing.com/ring-officials-certification-program/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ABC Ring Officials Certification Program&lt;/a&gt;, and this states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;COMPLETION OF THE SCORECARD&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If the referee indicates that a contestant has been knocked down, it must be scored as a knockdown.  The referee is the only official that can penalize a contestant for a foul.  Judges must deduct points for infractions when the referee officially designates a foul and point deduction.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Double-check your math before handing your scorecard to the referee.  If a mistake was made by you on the scorecard, correct and initial your scorecard and inform the referee of your mistake and correction.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Fill out the scorecard in its entirety, enter the points, and turn it over to the referee.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The referee will pick up the cards after each round and turn them over to the Athletic Commission Supervisor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted, however, that within the Unified Rules of MMA themselves, &lt;em&gt;how a round is to be scored&lt;/em&gt; is specified, but &lt;em&gt;what happens to the scorecard per round or bout&lt;/em&gt; is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3755" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T13:40:11.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-25T05:15:41.197" Score="2" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many Olympians used the OLY behind their names on their social media, business cards and other settings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It clears why they can use the OLY, but what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1649" LastActivityDate="2021-04-24T06:02:00.183" Title="What is the OLY used behind the names of Olympians?" Tags="|olympics|international-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25805" CreationDate="2021-03-25T05:15:41.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://olympians.org/news/983/oly-post-nominal-letters-to-honour-olympians/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;post on the World Olympians Association&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much like a doctor, a lawyer or a university professor, becoming an Olympian takes many years of hard work and requires a diverse range of skills. I believe this initiative will provide Olympians with the professional recognition they deserve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The iniciative is to give ongoing recognition of the work that was put into becoming an Olympian and then also the continuation of upholding the Olympic values.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the video on &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/NgRQ3yCa6SE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;What is OLY&lt;/a&gt; from the World Olympians Association for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pVycs.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pVycs.png&quot; alt=&quot;OLY lapel badge from Tokyo 2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1649" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T05:15:41.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25808" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-25T16:42:27.253" Score="-3" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many goals did Cristiano Ronaldo score prior to the year 2020?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21065" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T19:00:44.077" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T23:56:33.577" Title="How many goals did Cristiano Ronaldo score prior to the year 2020?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25808" CreationDate="2021-03-25T17:12:24.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/ronaldo-messi-who-has-scored-more-goals/1sqx0a7j3sifj1wxq6fy66civ6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Goal.com&lt;/a&gt; Ronaldo scored 740 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/o7Gtx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/o7Gtx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;goal comparison&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1649" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T17:12:24.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25811" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-26T00:58:06.590" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tonight's Ranger game, a Ranger was checked into the Flyers net. No penalty was called and the net was NOT dislodged. If a Ranger shot crossed the goal line with the player still in the net, assuming he did not interfere with the goaltender, would a goal have been awarded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21067" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T17:40:25.097" Title="Hockey Player physically in opponents net" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25814" CreationDate="2021-03-26T04:14:33.387" Score="0" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), and so my colon as well as cecum get inflamed, and to keep me functional, my doctor has advised me to take prednisolone steroid to reduce swelling of my intestine and cecum. Also, I am on some NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these against WADA rules? Will I be banned from WADA-approved sports events?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1817" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-26T08:03:57.473" LastActivityDate="2021-03-30T14:55:51.143" Title="Steroid for IBD banned by WADA?" Tags="|doping|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25812" CreationDate="2021-03-26T08:02:29.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Talk to your governing body, not the Internet. They will be able to give you &lt;em&gt;accurate&lt;/em&gt; advice as to exactly what is and isn't a prohibited substance and the possibility of you obtaining a therapeutic use exemption (TUE).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T08:02:29.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2021-03-26T17:00:09.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Giannis Antetokounmpo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most Improved Player: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2017.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 -2017&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MVP: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2019.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018-2019&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2020.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019-2020&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21072" LastEditorDisplayName="user21066" LastEditDate="2021-03-26T18:03:06.993" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T18:03:06.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25817" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-27T17:36:27.693" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, Team A is down by a score late in the game, say third-and-ten at the opponent's 30 yard line. A pass play is called and the quarterback throws the ball to a receiver with a gain of say 13 yards, and the receiver thinks it's a good idea to lateral the ball to a teammate behind to gain additional yards before he is tackled, however the recipient is then tackled 5 yards behind by the defense before he could advance, the next down will start at where the ball is blown dead so it's 4th and two for the offense? The gain of first down from the successful pass will be negated since the ball is thrown backward right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20901" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-03-27T19:19:41.027" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T17:26:33.447" Title="If a player throws a a lateral/backward pass to a teammate and the receiver is downed behind him" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29195" CreationDate="2021-03-27T18:05:50.283" Score="5" ViewCount="762" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many sports have video referees now at the top level, with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_assistant_referee&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;soccer&lt;/a&gt; being one of the latest additions. I was wondering which sport was the first to introduce video reviews, and when this happened. There's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Use_by_officials&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of sports with video review&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia, and the earliest reference there seems to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Rugby_league&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rugby league&lt;/a&gt;, the 1996 Super League. Is this really the first occurrence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_finish&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo finishes&lt;/a&gt; are much older and can sometimes be rewound to produce some kind of motion, but I'd rather exclude those since they are more like stills than real video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2023-10-04T03:01:05.233" Title="Which sport was the first to have a video referee?" Tags="|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25818" CreationDate="2021-03-27T18:24:41.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket adopted the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_umpire&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;Third Umpire&amp;quot; &lt;/a&gt;in Test Matches in 1992.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Third Umpire was an individual who reviewed a video replay of a line decision (Run Out, Stumped or Boundary).  In later years, catches were also reviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This Umpire was only invoked if one of the two on-pitch umpires called for a review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2021-03-27T18:24:41.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25818" CreationDate="2021-03-27T20:22:54.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay_review_in_gridiron_football#National_Football_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Replay review in gridiron football&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The National Football League first adopted a limited Instant Replay system in 1986&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details on this can be found at e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1666250-the-history-of-instant-replay-in-the-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bleacher Report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-03-27T20:22:54.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25817" CreationDate="2021-03-28T17:26:33.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct; no first down would be awarded, and the down would be 4th and 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see this from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2020-nfl-rulebook/#section-3-new-series-of-downs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook, Rule 7, Section 3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARTICLE 1. NEW SERIES FOR TEAM A&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A new series of four scrimmage downs is awarded to Team A when the following conditions exist:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a given series, the ball is declared dead in possession of Team A while at or beyond the line to gain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several other reasons for a new series of downs (meaning, first down) is granted, but they relate to things like penalties or changes of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only check for first down is at the dead ball spot - it doesn't matter what happens during the play, just as when you go back behind the goal line.  (Scoring a touchdown, however, does occur instantly upon crossing the goal line.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T17:26:33.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25811" CreationDate="2021-03-28T17:40:25.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the answer is &amp;quot;maybe&amp;quot;, but by-the-books and if you assume the referee agrees with you exactly, then the goal is allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, the presence of an attacking player in the crease (whether across the line or not) does not directly determine if a goal is allowed.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/319997074/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 69.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;69.1 Interference on the Goalkeeper - This rule is based on the premise&#xA;that an attacking player’s position, whether inside or outside the&#xA;crease, should not, by itself, determine whether a goal should be&#xA;allowed or disallowed. In other words, goals scored while attacking&#xA;players are standing in the crease may, in appropriate circumstances&#xA;be allowed. Goals should be disallowed only if: (1) an attacking&#xA;player, either by his positioning or by contact, impairs the goalkeeper’s&#xA;ability to move freely within his crease or defend his goal; or (2) an&#xA;attacking player initiates intentional or deliberate contact with a&#xA;goalkeeper, inside or outside of his goal crease. Incidental contact&#xA;with a goalkeeper will be permitted, and resulting goals allowed, when&#xA;such contact is initiated outside of the goal crease, provided the&#xA;attacking player has made a reasonable effort to avoid such contact.&#xA;The rule will be enforced exclusively in accordance with the on-ice&#xA;judgement of the Referee(s), but may be subject to a Coach’s&#xA;Challenge (see Rule 38).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - if, &lt;em&gt;in the judgement of the referee&lt;/em&gt;, the presence of the attacking player did not have any effect on the goalkeeper's ability to defend the goal, the goal would be allowed.  The fact that he was pushed can be relevant if there was contact with the goalkeeper, but wouldn't really matter in the case you explained where there was no contact.  If he had been contacted, though, it might be allowed or disallowed depending on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would underline, though, that this is &lt;em&gt;in the judgement of the referee&lt;/em&gt;, and they tend to disallow goals fairly aggressively.  In order for the attacking player to have no impact on the goalkeeper's ability to defend, it would require the goalkeeper to be fairly far out of the crease most likely, for example - and the puck would have to come from a direction that the player wasn't possibly blocking the goalkeeper's vision. If any of those are not true in the view of the referee, then they will determine whether the attacker made a reasonable effort to get out of the situation - again, if they did then the goal is allowed (as they were pushed in), but if the referee doesn't believe they attempted to immediately leave the area, they may disallow the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a table in the rulebook, on page 154 (note: this is by the page numbering on the pages, not the PDF's page numbering, which is 165 in my browser), that explains the different situations.  The first example matches your example, and says the goal counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T17:40:25.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2021-03-29T19:08:23.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just watching film where the screening action occurs.  Most players who switch line up in the middle near the net ready to switch.  This typically is not considered screening even if the server is serving from the middle of the service line because even if the server serves from behind right back position the front row girls are still lined up in the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When watching film, I noticed the 3 front row players would move from side to side depending on where the server would line up.  In one rotation, all three girls were beside each other on the far front left when a girl was serving from behind left back position AND the girls didn't switch either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a true definition of setting a screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21085" LastActivityDate="2021-03-29T19:08:23.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25826" CreationDate="2021-03-29T19:30:46.250" Score="3" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;After crossing the finishing line in F1, how much further ahead do drivers go?  Obviously they can't stop right at the finishing line.  Are there any regulations here? How do they exit the track? is it standard across all circuits? Do they go for another round?  It's never been clear to me.  The video  is always cut after they cross the line and/or the perspective does not make it clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21086" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-03-29T22:02:15.080" LastActivityDate="2021-03-29T22:02:15.080" Title="What happens after a car finishes an F1 race" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25825" CreationDate="2021-03-29T20:16:49.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The finish procedure is covered by Article 43 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2020-12-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula One Sporting Regulations&lt;/a&gt; (found on page 48).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Articles 43.1 and 43.3 state, in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A chequered flag will be the end-of-race signal and will be shown at the [finish] line as soon as the leading car has covered the full race distance [...] After receiving the end-of-race signal all cars must proceed on the circuit directly to the post-race parc fermé ... without any assistance (except that of the marshals if necessary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_ferm%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Parc fermé&lt;/a&gt; is a secure area of the pit complex where the cars are lined up after the race, so they can be inspected to ensure that they comply with the regulations. My understanding is that after crossing the finish line, the cars make their way around the circuit for a cooldown lap/lap of honour, and then enter parc fermé via the usual pit lane entrance. Should they break down or run out of fuel before they get there, the marshals will help tow it back to the pits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-03-29T20:16:49.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25834" CreationDate="2021-03-30T10:59:27.917" Score="1" ViewCount="525" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alfredo Di Stefano&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are plenty of footballers that have been considered the greatest player in the world during their career, but they all appear to be post-WW2, such as Alfredo Di Stefano.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo Di Stefano, Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alfredo Stéfano Di Stéfano Laulhe (4 July 1926 - 7 July 2014) was an Argentinian footballer and coach, who, besides having played for the Argentine national team, also played for Selection Spanish. He is considered one of the greatest footballers in history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pele&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course Pele during his time was considered the greatest player in the world, and is debatably considered the greatest player of all time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pele, Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pelé ([peˈlɛ]), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and labelled &amp;quot;the greatest&amp;quot; by FIFA, he was among the most successful and popular sports figures of the 20th century. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Johan Cruyff&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After Pele retired, the designation of greatest player in the world probably fell to Johan Cruyff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Cruyff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Cruyff, Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hendrik Johannes Cruijff OON (Dutch: [ˈjoːɦɑn ˈkrœyf] (About this soundlisten), internationally spelled Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach. As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974. Cruyff was a proponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most prolific players in the history of the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diego Maradona&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then Diego Maradona.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Maradona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Diego Maradona, Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diego Armando Maradona (Spanish: [ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona]; 30 October 1960 – 25 November 2020) was an Argentine professional football player and manager. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport, he was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the 20th Century award. Maradona's vision, passing, ball control, and dribbling skills were combined with his small stature, which gave him a low centre of gravity allowing him to manoeuvre better than most other players. His presence and leadership on the field had a great effect on his team's general performance, while he would often be singled out by the opposition. In addition to his creative abilities, he possessed an eye for goal and was known to be a free kick specialist. A precocious talent, Maradona was given the nickname &amp;quot;El Pibe de Oro&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;The Golden Boy&amp;quot;), a name that stuck with him throughout his career. He also had a troubled off-field life and was banned in both 1991 and 1994 for abusing drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zinedine Zidane&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After Diego Maradona the mantle was probably taken up by Zinedine Zidane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinedine_Zidane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zinedine Zidane, Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zinedine Yazid Zidane (born 23 June 1972), popularly known as Zizou, is a French former professional football player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is the current manager of La Liga club Real Madrid and is one of the most successful managers in the world. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Zidane was an elite playmaker renowned for his elegance, vision, passing, ball control, and technique. He received many individual accolades as a player, including being named FIFA World Player of the Year in 1998, 2000 and 2003, and winning the 1998 Ballon d'Or.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And most recently, Cristiano Ronaldo. Though some may argue Lionel Messi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɾiʃˈtjɐnu ʁɔˈnaɫdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has won five Ballon d'Or awards and four European Golden Shoes, both of which are records for a European player. He has won 31 major trophies in his career, including seven league titles, five UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA European Championship, and one UEFA Nations League title. Ronaldo holds the records for the most goals (134) and assists (42) in the history of the UEFA Champions League. He is one of the few recorded players to have made over 1,000 professional career appearances and has scored a record 770 senior career goals for club and country. He is also the second male to score 100 international goals and the first European one to achieve the feat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who were the best pre-WW2 footballers in the world?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there was life before these players. But we rarely hear about footballing life before WW2, giving the impression it all begins in the late 1940's. So I ask, who were considered the greatest pre-WW2 players in the world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-03-31T12:08:27.710" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T12:08:27.710" Title="Who were the best pre-WW2 footballers in the world?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-04-12T10:26:16.637" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25812" CreationDate="2021-03-30T14:55:51.143" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; on the WADA &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wada-ama.org/en/content/what-is-prohibited/prohibited-in-competition/glucocorticoids&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;prohibited list&lt;/a&gt; as being prohibited &amp;quot;in competition&amp;quot;, that doesn't mean you couldn't get a Theraputic Use Exemption (TUE) for it. TUE's for corticosteriods used to treat IBD are definitely a thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general terms there's 4 criteria which must all be met for a TUE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The athlete would experience significant health problems without taking the prohibited&#xA;substance or method;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The therapeutic use of the substance would not produce significant enhancement of&#xA;performance;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no reasonable therapeutic alternative to the use of the otherwise prohibited&#xA;substance or method;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The requirement to use that substance or method is not due to the prior use of the&#xA;substance or method without a TUE, which was prohibited at the time of use.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't submit a request for a TUE to WADA yourself - it's done through which ever Anti-Doping Organisation (ADO) that governs your region/sport. Although your first port of call (as @Philip Kendall says) should probably be the appropriate governing body for the sport&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2021-03-30T14:55:51.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25829" CreationDate="2021-03-31T05:10:06.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A few names I can think of are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Leandro_Andrade&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Andrade&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;José Leandro Andrade (22 November 1901 – 5 October 1957) was an&#xA;Uruguayan footballer who played at wing-half. He was nicknamed 'The&#xA;Black Marvel' (maravilla negra). During his prime he was regarded as&#xA;one of the finest footballers in the world, contributing to the&#xA;Uruguay national football team's domination of international football&#xA;during the 1920s, winning two consecutive Olympic Gold Medals and then&#xA;the first FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Meazza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Giuseppe Meazza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throughout his career, he played mainly for Internazionale in the&#xA;1930s, scoring 242 goals in 365 games for the club, and winning three&#xA;Serie A titles, as well as the Coppa Italia; he later also played for&#xA;local rivals Milan, as well as Turin rivals Juventus, in addition to&#xA;his spells with Varese and Atalanta. At international level, he led&#xA;Italy to win two consecutive World Cups: in 1934 on home soil, and in&#xA;1938 as captain; he was named to the All-star Team and won the Golden&#xA;Ball Award at the 1934 World Cup, as the tournament's best player.&#xA;Along with Giovanni Ferrari and Eraldo Monzeglio, he is one of only&#xA;three Italian players to have won two World Cups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Stuhlfauth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Heinrich Stuhlfauth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He actually invented modern goalkeeping 100 years ago.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 1916 to 1933 he played in 606 games for 1. FC Nürnberg, then a&#xA;dominating team in German football, winning five national&#xA;championships (1920, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1927). Between 1918 and 1922&#xA;Nuremberg did not lose in 104 association games, with a goal&#xA;difference of 480:47.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also gained 21 international caps, captaining the German national side in six appearances. He surpassed the record of Eugen&#xA;Kipp (19 games) for the most appearances for the national team. His&#xA;last international cap was a 0–2 loss against Italy in Frankfurt in&#xA;1930.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stuhlfauth was considered one of the best goalkeepers of his time, along with legendary Spanish keeper Ricardo Zamora. He was known&#xA;for being one of the first &amp;quot;playing&amp;quot; goalkeepers, actively&#xA;participating in the game. In games he always wore a grey sweater and&#xA;a flat cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie_Dean&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dixie Dean&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;William Ralph &amp;quot;Dixie&amp;quot; Dean (22 January 1907 – 1 March 1980) was an&#xA;English footballer who played as a centre forward. He is widely&#xA;regarded as one of the greatest players of his generation and was&#xA;inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Born in Birkenhead, he began his career at his hometown club Tranmere&#xA;Rovers before moving on to Everton, the club he had supported as a&#xA;child. He was particularly known for scoring goals with his head. Dean&#xA;played the majority of his career at Everton before injuries caught up&#xA;with him and he moved on to new challenges at Notts County. He is best&#xA;known for his exploits during the 1927–28 season, which saw him score&#xA;a record 60 league goals. He also scored 18 goals in 16 appearances&#xA;for England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T05:10:06.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25838" CreationDate="2021-04-03T13:59:32.203" Score="7" ViewCount="1030" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a book about trivia and there is the following passage (in Indonesian):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1Gmok.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1Gmok.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did you know that in a match between Liverpool and Chester City in 1968, which ended with a score of 2-2, there was something very strange and unique?&#xA;Yes, the four goals were created by the very same person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this unique but when I tried to search about this match on Wikipedia, I couldn't find anything, either in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Liverpool_F.C._season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1967-68 Liverpool F.C. season&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Liverpool_F.C._season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1968-69 Liverpool F.C. season&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Chester_F.C._season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1967-68 Chester F.C. season&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Chester_F.C._season&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1968-69 Chester F.C. season&lt;/a&gt;. The fact that the author of this book did not mention the competition in which this match took place makes it difficult to verify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, did this match really happen? If so, who is the name of the player who scored all the goals in that match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21109" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T20:25:53.717" Title="Is it true that the same player scored four goals in the match between Liverpool and Chester City in 1968 which ended 2-2?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25837" CreationDate="2021-04-03T14:40:35.093" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not true. However, a different game actually did have this strange record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liverpool and Chester only played draw once, a 1-1 in 1940.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The record in question actually happened in 1976, when &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldfootball.net/report/premier-league-1975-1976-leicester-city-aston-villa/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Leicester - Aston Villa&lt;/a&gt; ended 2-2 with all goals scored by Chris Nicholl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T14:40:35.093" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25842" CreationDate="2021-04-03T18:07:02.507" Score="2" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record of most braces in the Premier League season and who holds it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Braces - two (or more) goals in a match (if I'm correct)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20644" LastActivityDate="2021-04-04T19:44:59.820" Title="Most braces in one season in Premier League" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25840" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25841" CreationDate="2021-04-04T06:38:21.647" Score="3" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having trouble understanding sacrifice fly and sacrifice bunt in baseball. Specifically, do both result in out for the batter? Because otherwise what would &amp;quot;sacrifice&amp;quot; mean? It will be great if one can explain these two terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21113" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-04-04T16:06:52.057" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T15:00:58.050" Title="Sac fly and sac bunt" Tags="|rules|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25840" CreationDate="2021-04-04T16:06:34.157" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are both covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 9.08&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Official Scorer shall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Score a sacrifice bunt when, before two are out, the batter advances one or more runners with a bunt and is put out at first base&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Score a sacrifice fly when, before two are out, the batter hits a ball in flight handled by an outfielder or an infielder running in the outfield in fair or foul territory that [...] is caught, and a runner scores after the catch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So essentially you're correct: a sacrifice is something where the batter is out, but produces a secondary advantage for the batting team - either advancing a runner in the case of a sacrifice bunt, or scoring a runner in the case of a sacrifice fly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-04T16:06:34.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25839" CreationDate="2021-04-04T16:48:26.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what I've managed to find:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;42-match season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alan Shearer (93/94) - 10 times 2 or more goals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38-match season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kevin Phillips (99/00), Thierry Henry (05/06), Cristiano Ronaldo (07/08), Luis Suarez (13/14) - 9 times 2 or more goals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20644" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-04-04T19:44:59.820" LastActivityDate="2021-04-04T19:44:59.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25843" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25844" CreationDate="2021-04-04T17:49:33.797" Score="3" ViewCount="13795" Body="&lt;p&gt;Golf newbie here. I'm watching the Valero Texas Open, round 4. It just started, and a player just completed the 1st hole making a Par in this Par-4 hole (thus having made 4 shots so far).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the scoreboard says he's got a &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; out of 72. What does this &amp;quot;1&amp;quot; mean? Shouldn't it say he's got &amp;quot;4&amp;quot; (as in 4 shots so far)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember round 3 yesterday they all ended with scores of around 65 or so out of the 72 shots total. But also I remember some of them being at the 18th hole with a score of just &amp;quot;17&amp;quot;, which was suddenly updated to &amp;quot;65&amp;quot; when the round ended. Is this a delay thing? Does this number mean a different thing? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21115" LastActivityDate="2021-04-04T20:14:09.103" Title="What does this number mean in PGA Tournament scores?" Tags="|rules|scoring|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25843" CreationDate="2021-04-04T20:14:09.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1 means they have completed 1 hole. The 17 meant they had completed 17 holes. Once you finish, they show the total score for that round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_AeijbXrjjU/maxresdefault.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This image illustrates it. The first number is the players total score through that point in the tournament. One player, Sean O’Hair, had completed his round, so it shows his round score. The rest haven’t, so it shows how many holes they have completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="669" LastActivityDate="2021-04-04T20:14:09.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-06T14:04:05.703" Score="2" ViewCount="637" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starting pitcher ends inning with a 3-1 lead.  New inning, relief pitcher gives up two runs for a 3-3 tie.  Bottom of that inning we go ahead and finish with a win. Which pitcher gets the W?  Seems odd if the relief pitcher who blows the lead would get the W.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21121" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-06T14:46:05.800" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T14:46:05.800" Title="Does a relief pitcher who loses the lead then regains it get a win?" Tags="|rules|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25845" CreationDate="2021-04-06T14:18:31.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 9.17(a)&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Official Scorer shall credit as the winning pitcher that pitcher whose team assumes a lead while such pitcher is in the game, or during the inning on offense in which such pitcher is removed from the game, and does not relinquish such lead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ some exceptions which don't apply here ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relief pitcher in your example meets that definition, so they are the winning pitcher. What you're finding here is that wins and losses for pitchers aren't a very good measure of very much at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, as the relief pitcher entered the game in what was a save situation (a lead of no more than 3 runs) and failed to keep the lead, they would be &amp;quot;credited&amp;quot; with a blown save in this example. However, saves are probably an even less meaningful statistic than wins and losses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T14:18:31.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25840" CreationDate="2021-04-06T15:00:58.050" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The important detail here is likely that this is a detail only of &lt;em&gt;scoring&lt;/em&gt; - it does not have any meaning on the field itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the bunt or fly occurs, it is just like any other fly ball or bunt; the batter-runner is called out, and the runner presumably advances or scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that the &lt;em&gt;scorer&lt;/em&gt; then rules it a sacrifice, and does not count it at as an &amp;quot;at bat&amp;quot; for scoring purposes.  That means, it does not count against the batter's batting average.  More detail about the history of the sacrifice hit (the generic term for both of these) can be found on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Sacrifice_hit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to note that this only affects batting average, and advanced statistics do not give any credit to &amp;quot;sacrifices&amp;quot;.  It does count against OBP, for example, as that has no exceptions - it is simply (number of times the batter reaches base safely without an error or fielder's choice) / (number of times the batter stepped up to home plate and completed the plate appearance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also important to note that a sacrifice does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; require an out.  A sacrifice is also assigned when a batter-runner would have been out, but for a fielder's choice or an error - such as if they bunt and the fielder attempts to get the lead runner out (but fails).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T15:00:58.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25848" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-06T16:57:13.080" Score="3" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;With no runners on bases, the batter hits a ball to the short-stop. The batter steps over first base without making contact with it. The first baseman drops the ball and never had possession.  Knowing that the runner didn't touch first base, before the runner returns to the first base the first baseman picks up the ball and touches the base.  What's the call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21124" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-06T17:12:24.193" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T23:08:46.770" Title="Batter stepping over first base" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25848" CreationDate="2021-04-06T18:48:19.713" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Until either the runner crosses first base, or a force out or tag has been applied, the umpire will not make a safe or out call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this scenario, the umpire will not make a call either when the runner oversteps the base, or when the ball is dropped by the first baseman.  As you state, the next action is the tagging of the base by the first baseman with the ball, and so this would result in an out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same can be seen in close plays at the plate.  Often home plate is overslid or missed, and a tag is also missed.  The umpire will watch intently until either the runner is tagged, or home plate is touched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T18:48:19.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25850" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-06T19:28:45.807" Score="5" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Earlier today I learned about the fiasco of the 2002 MLB All-Star Game ending in a tie because both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;teams had run out of pitchers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding from reading a few different &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/60077/tbt-the-all-star-game-fiasco&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;articles&lt;/a&gt; is that the National League was on the verge of disqualification because they wouldn't be able to field a full team for the top of the 12th inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out if my understanding on that is correct. Presumably, they would've been without a pitcher, but given the National League had used Vincent Padilla in the top of the 11th then why couldn't they use him as well for the top of the 12th? Same goes for the American League and Freddy Garcia. Was there some sort of rule in place in 2002 which prohibited pitchers from playing in more than 2 innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastActivityDate="2021-04-07T14:49:44.487" Title="Why did the 2002 MLB All-Star Game have to be a tie?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25850" CreationDate="2021-04-06T20:13:36.957" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was no &lt;em&gt;rule&lt;/em&gt; preventing a pitcher from pitching more than two innings, or various other possibilities, for example a position player switching positions with the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But... the All-Star Game is a meaningless game. Can you imagine what would happen if MLB insisted that Padilla went back out there for another innings, and he then reported back to his team with an injury? It would effectively have meant the end of the All-Star Game as teams would have found any excuse whatsoever to prevent their players playing, as they wouldn't want to take any chance that their players could end up being overplayed and injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-04-06T20:28:49.600" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T20:28:49.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25852" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-06T20:31:32.163" Score="3" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/626911/use-cases-of-the-impulse-momentum-theorem&quot;&gt;looking for real world applications&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En4/notes_old/impulse/impulse.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;impulse momentum theorem&lt;/a&gt; in physics education, I found as one application to calculate the take-off velocity of an athlete in a vertical jump by measuring the force time dependency using a force plate and then integrating it to get the take-off speed of the jump (assuming that the athlete rests in the beginning). This is described for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/download/884/803&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1392/3/Standing+Vertical+Jump+(Linthorne).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why is it interesting e.g. for coaches to measure this value? For example if you train a high jumper or a basketball player the actual jumping height seems to be a much simpler and more interesting parameter of performance than doing the force place measurement described above. So what's the point of measuring the take of velocity this way and why to use this method instead of more direct approaches closer related to the actual discipline?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21127" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-06T20:46:56.750" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T20:46:56.750" Title="What's the purpose of calculating jumping take off speed by using a force plate?" Tags="|training|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25848" CreationDate="2021-04-06T23:08:46.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is best covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ub08blsefk8wkkd2oemz.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rule&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(c)(2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.09(c) Appeal plays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) With the ball in play, while advancing or returning to a base, he&#xA;fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is&#xA;tagged;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is still in play, the runner has failed to touch first and has not yet returned to the base, and the fielder tags the missed base.  The runner is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T23:08:46.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25860" CreationDate="2021-04-10T03:19:13.460" Score="4" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any pitcher ever thrown a 4-out immaculate inning, and if so, was it still considered immaculate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is 4 strikeouts on 12 pitches, with one batter having reached due to a wild pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21147" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T04:36:17.000" LastActivityDate="2021-04-29T05:28:56.600" Title="Has anyone ever thrown a 4-out immaculate inning?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25859" CreationDate="2021-04-10T04:34:09.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. There has never been an MLB immaculate inning with four outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every source available on immaculate innings is quick to list those pitchers who had managed the feat more than once at that point, and annotate additional information that is tangential to the feat, but none (especially from MLB themselves) refer to an inning where more than three strikeouts occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While impossible to prove a negative, this is very strong evidence that the feat has not occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-04-11T20:07:15.307" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T20:07:15.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25861" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-10T13:21:39.603" Score="4" ViewCount="3414" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to tennis, both as a viewer and a player. I hope this is not the wrong place to ask a beginner question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what happens is, after serving the ball I am too invested in the game and I don't remember which side I served from last. That means I can't figure out where to serve from next. This is also true for when I am on the receiver end. I can't figure out which side of the court to stand on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any trick for this on the internet after a quick search. How do you do it? Is there a way to &amp;quot;calculate&amp;quot; the service side from the current score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21151" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-03T11:57:05.280" LastActivityDate="2023-02-12T00:04:17.373" Title="In tennis how to find out the service side in the middle of the game?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25861" CreationDate="2021-04-10T14:32:58.597" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules of tennis are that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first point of a game is served from the right-hand side of the court.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After that, sides alternate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anything with an even number of points played (0-0, 15 all, 30 all, deuce, 30-0, 0-30, 40-15 and 15-40) is served from the right-hand side of the court - this is why it is sometimes known as the &amp;quot;deuce court&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anything with an odd number of points played (15-0, 0-15, 40-0, 0-40, 30-15, 15-30, 40-30, 30-40 and advantage for either player) is served from the left-hand side of the court - the &amp;quot;advantage court&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T14:32:58.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25864" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-11T21:20:26.230" Score="1" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is practical (in terms of skating) difference between two Powerslide trinity frames &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.powerslide.com/Powerslide-Frame-Trinity-Ego-SL-243mm-3x110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ego SL&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.powerslide.com/Powerslide-Elite-AL-Casted-96-243mm-3x110mm-black&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elite Al casted&lt;/a&gt;? According to specs both frames are made of aluminium, Ego is CNC milled and Elite is casted. It is said &lt;a href=&quot;https://bladeville.com/blog/powerslide-trinity-frames-which-one-to-choose&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;somewhere&lt;/a&gt; about Elite frames:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to the very low design of the frames with Trinity mount, the frames made with this technology do not differ much in rigidity from the CNC frames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which sounds to me as there would be nearly no difference riding one or another. Am I correct or have I missed something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21155" LastActivityDate="2022-05-06T12:38:56.627" Title="Powerslide trinity frames: ego vs elite" Tags="|equipment|inline-skating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-13T11:56:06.757" Score="2" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been wondering how betting exchanges like &lt;a href=&quot;https://smarkets.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smarkets&lt;/a&gt; actually work. If I back or lay a particular outcome, I have to wait until one other individual matches it by doing the opposite. For example, I lay an outcome, I have to wait for someone to back the same outcome. Then it will be fully matched, and if someone partially backs my lay that means my lay bet is partially matched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the platform match users in pairs — a back and a lay?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am really confused. Could someone please shed some light on the inner workings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21168" LastEditorUserId="13222" LastEditDate="2021-04-13T15:00:22.440" LastActivityDate="2021-04-13T22:09:15.273" Title="How does Smarkets matched betting actually work?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25867" CreationDate="2021-04-13T22:02:49.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; the following is a very rough first draft to be refined later.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly speaking, betting odds imply a probability that is the inverse of the (decimal) odds. If this implied probability is lower than the probability perceived by the bettor, the bettor may want to back. Otherwise, the bettor may want to lay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, consider tomorrow's Real Madrid versus Liverpool. At the moment, on Betfair,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MjJrG.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MjJrG.png&quot; alt=&quot;print screen from&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decimal odds of 2 imply a probability of Liverpool winning of ½ =50%. If you believe that Liverpool's probability of winning is 60%, higher than the implied probability, then you may want to back Liverpool, for the expected profit is 20 pence for each pound you bet. Bettors on the other side of the bet may believe that Liverpool's probability of winning is lower than 50%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can be a bet-maker or a bet-taker. If you offer odds of Liverpool winning of 2.1 and are willing to bet 1000 pounds, you only need bet-takers willing to back Liverpool to the tune of 1000 / (2.1 - 1) = 909 pounds to have your order fully filled. If Liverpool wins, you lose 1000 pounds. If Liverpool loses or draws, you get your 1000 pounds back plus the 909 pounds bet by the backers. Note that 1909 / 909 = 2.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of simplicity, I am assuming that Betfair charges no fees. In reality, Betfair would take a bite of the winning bettor's profits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Chris Summers, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7109494.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How does a betting exchange work?&lt;/a&gt;, BBC, December 7, 2007.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13222" LastEditorUserId="13222" LastEditDate="2021-04-13T22:09:15.273" LastActivityDate="2021-04-13T22:09:15.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24812" CreationDate="2021-04-15T00:26:01.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The basic answer is that he only takes two steps between him stoping his dribble and him taking a layup. Throwing the ball up and catching it  is only a problem if you travel and Scottie didn’t travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20676" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T00:26:01.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25874" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-15T03:18:37.393" Score="1" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Who holds the record for most dunks in a single postseason game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not restricted to a single league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21173" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-04-16T22:29:07.033" LastActivityDate="2021-04-16T22:29:07.033" Title="Who holds the record for most dunks in a single playoff game?" Tags="|basketball|records|postseason|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25877" CreationDate="2021-04-16T14:28:02.600" Score="3" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Baseball, do errors in judgement factor in scoring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Nobody on base, batter hits single to center field but fielder throws home instead of 2nd&#xA;allowing runner to advance to second. Both center fielder and catcher catch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: Runner on 2nd, ground ball to third baseman who runs to touch third base before throwing to first. (Runner on 2nd stays, third baseman just assumed a force) The throw is late and runner is safe at first. First baseman catches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These appear to be lapses in judgement not in throwing or catching. In the second example it cost the team an out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does all the scoring credit go to offense on defensive mental mistakes that are not fielding or throwing errors?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12238" LastActivityDate="2021-04-18T20:05:35.517" Title="Scoring Errors in Defensive Judgement" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25876" CreationDate="2021-04-16T17:25:44.170" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Example 1 is a bit tricky for me, only because I think it's difficult for a scorer to tell the difference between a CF that is intentionally throwing home versus one that has misplayed a throw to second.  Especially with no one on base, I would not assume that it was an intentional throw home.  I would assume it was a misplayed attempt to throw to second and would award an error.   Maybe if the player were well in and well away from center so that it was obviously a deliberate throw to the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &amp;quot;throwing to the wrong base&amp;quot; is explicitly called out as not an error.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ub08blsefk8wkkd2oemz.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; has a couple of comments on rule 9.12(a)(1).  One is quoted below.  (My emphasis)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Official Scorer shall not score mental mistakes or misjudgments as errors unless a specific rule prescribes otherwise.  A&#xA;fielder’s mental mistake that leads to a physical misplay—&#xA;such as throwing the ball into the stands or rolling the ball to&#xA;the pitcher’s mound, mistakenly believing there to be three&#xA;outs, and thereby allowing a runner or runners to advance—&#xA;shall not be considered a mental mistake for purposes of this&#xA;rule and the Official Scorer shall charge a fielder committing&#xA;such a mistake with an error. The Official Scorer shall not&#xA;charge an error if the pitcher fails to cover first base on a play,&#xA;thereby allowing a batter-runner to reach first base safely. The&#xA;Official Scorer shall &lt;strong&gt;not charge an error&lt;/strong&gt; to a fielder who &lt;strong&gt;incorrectly throws to the wrong base&lt;/strong&gt; on a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second scenario is clearer to me.  Except for the fact that the fielder ran the ball to the wrong base rather than threw it, the spirit seems the same.  There was no physical misplay, so no error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would assume a hit in the second scenario, and in the first if I were able to tell that the throw was intentional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-04-18T20:05:35.517" LastActivityDate="2021-04-18T20:05:35.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25882" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25886" CreationDate="2021-04-19T18:09:49.913" Score="1" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best and worst record in each position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-22T20:54:56.907" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T16:47:28.823" Title="Since the NFL changed to the 6 team playoff format, what is the best and worst record for each rank 1-6?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25883" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25890" CreationDate="2021-04-19T19:23:09.420" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm confused as to why they might implement this next year. What are the pros of an 18-game season? What is the reasoning behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-04-27T07:07:59.923" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T01:48:15.443" Title="Why is the NFL considering an 18-game season?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25883" CreationDate="2021-04-19T19:30:30.700" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all about money: teams make money from fans buying tickets, from fans paying for parking, from fans buying beer, from fans buying hotdogs, from fans buying nachos, from fans doing everything else fans do on game days at the stadium. 17 games gives them 6% more game day income than 16 games. 18 games gives them 12% more game day income.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More games also makes for a more attractive package for the NFL's television (and other media) partners, so they can sell the rights for more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-19T19:30:30.700" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25686" CreationDate="2021-04-20T10:37:37.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you asked for the occurrence in the Premier League, so far 55 goalkeepers got assists since the league began in 1992/93, with some notable names like Paul Robinson, Pepe Reina, Tim Howard, Petr Cech, Alisson and of course, Ederson. I would say that this doesn't happen often but still it's a cool thing in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Reina got four assists during his career in Premier League with Liverpool, with details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Opponent&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Liverpool's Side&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Player Reina gave assist to&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fulham&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;11/10/2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Fernando Torres&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Man. United&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Away&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;3/14/2009&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1-4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Andrea Dossena&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Aston Villa&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;3/22/2009&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;5-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Albert Riera&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sunderland&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;3/28/2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;3-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Fernando Torres&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find full stats of goalkeeper assists in Premier League on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/stats/top/players/goal_assist?se=54&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21109" LastActivityDate="2021-04-20T10:37:37.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25882" CreationDate="2021-04-22T00:49:21.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From 1990 to 2019, the NFL playoffs included 6 teams from each conference. Note that in 2020 the league &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/nfl-owners-approve-playoff-expansion-for-2020-season-adding-one-team-per-conference/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;expanded&lt;/a&gt; playoffs teams from 6 to 7 in each conference, so this answer doesn't include any teams from the 2020-21 season onwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the list of best &lt;em&gt;regular season&lt;/em&gt; records for each team:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#1 Seed record: 16-0 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2007/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; New England Patriots 16-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#2 Seed record: 14-2 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1998/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt; Atlanta Falcons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2004/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; New England Patriots&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#3 Seed record: 13-3 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2011/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; New Orleans Saints&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2019/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt; New Orleans Saints&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#4 Seed record: 13-3 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; Tennessee Titans&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#5 Seed record: 12-4 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2001/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt; San Francisco 49ers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2003/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt; Tennessee Titans&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2005/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; Jacksonville Jaguars&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2008/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt; Indianapolis Colts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2010/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; Baltimore Ravens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2011/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt; Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt; San Francisco 49ers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2016/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt; Oakland Raiders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2018/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt; Los Angeles Chargers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#6 Seed record: 11-5 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2005/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt; Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2008/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt; Baltimore Ravens&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2009/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2010/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; New York Jets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt; New Orleans Saints&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt; Detroit Lions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worst &lt;em&gt;regular season&lt;/em&gt; records:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#1 Seed record: 11-5 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1992/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/a&gt; Pittsburgh Steelers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2002/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt; Oakland Raiders&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#2 Seed record: 10-6 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1993/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt; San Francisco 49ers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2006/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; New Orleans Saints&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#3 Seed record: 9-7 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1990/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt; Cincinnati Bengals&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; Seattle Seahawks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#4 Seed record: 7-9 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2010/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt; Seattle Seahawks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#5 Seed record: 8-8 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; Dallas Cowboys&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2004/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; St. Louis Rams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#6 Seed record: 8-8 by&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1990/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/a&gt; New Orleans Saints&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1991/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991&lt;/a&gt; New York Jets&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1999/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt; Detroit Lions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2004/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt; Minnesota Vikings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2006/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; New York Giants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of &lt;em&gt;playoffs&lt;/em&gt;, the best appearance for each seed is a Super Bowl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#1 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_50&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015-16 Denver Broncos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#2 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018-19 New England Patriots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#3 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006-07 Indianapolis Colts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#4 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012-13 Baltimore Ravens&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#5 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007-08 New York Giants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;#6 Seed: Super Bowl Champions, ex &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLV&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010-11 Green Bay Packers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And when it comes to worst playoffs performances, all seeds have lost on the first round of their games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-08T16:47:28.823" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T16:47:28.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3413" CreationDate="2021-04-22T15:13:55.010" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is simple. It's all about money! The franchise model used in the states is all about profit above everything else. In Europe it's about sporting prowess, history, passion and belief. Belief that your local club can work it's way up and play with the big boys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A point in case is Wimbledon FC, who were a &amp;quot;non league club&amp;quot;. Which basically means they were originally an amateur club. Within 5 seasons they worked themselves into the English Premiership, even getting to, and winning the FA Cup Final. That was every fan's dream. Ok within 10 years they had gone bust, were taken over, with the new owners proposing to move the club to the  &amp;quot;new town&amp;quot; of Milton Keynes 40 miles away, where there was no existing pro soccer team and a readymade market of 400k people. The original fans, were having none of it, and started a new club AFC Wimbledon who were forced to start at the bottom of the pyramid. But through a desire and passion they have worked there team back up to our pro leagues and are in the same division as the now renamed MK Dons. That, I thought was the American Dream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The jeopardy of promotion and relegation is where most of the excitement comes from in European sport and is what you are missing out most. You just can't see the wood for the trees. My own team are Watford FC, you follow them through thick and thin and believe me, there are more downs than ups, but the ups are all the more sweeter for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just recently the American owned teams in the UK, Arsenal, Liverpool and Manchester United were instrumental in trying to start a new &amp;quot;Super League&amp;quot; for the biggest clubs in Europe with the sole intention of controlling the money to the detriment of the sport and not allowing their teams to be relegated from it. Thankfully, through popular support from fans, ex players, and even politicians the game as we know it has been saved. Long live promotion and relegation and all the passion that goes with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21214" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-04-22T15:46:04.037" LastActivityDate="2021-04-22T15:46:04.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-23T02:21:39.873" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone were to miraculously develop the super power to fly (say they could hover up to 1000 feet and swiftly move in three dimensions) would any rules as currently defined by the NBA prevent the use of this power during play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21217" LastActivityDate="2021-05-23T12:02:20.273" Title="Is it against the rules to fly in the NBA?" Tags="|rules|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25888" CreationDate="2021-04-23T10:04:25.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe flying would break any specific rules in the NBA (or FIBA) rulebook - but that's not really the same as saying &amp;quot;flying is legal in the NBA&amp;quot; as the governing body for a sport (any sport) isn't going to waste its time writing explicit rules to cover situations which can &amp;quot;never&amp;quot; occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we ever got to a state where flying was a reasonable possibility, something would be done to the basketball rules to regulate it. For example, the rules regulate goaltending, something which is a realistic possibility for humans today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-04-23T11:03:55.107" LastActivityDate="2021-04-23T11:03:55.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25883" CreationDate="2021-04-24T00:51:13.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It comes down to money and revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you might ask if more games bring in more money for the NFL, how come the number of games hadn't increased years ago? That's because of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/28906786/nfl-players-approve-new-cba-2030&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current CBA&lt;/a&gt; signed by the league and the NFLPA in 2020 allows for it. The agreement allowed for an extra regular season game by reducing a preseason game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now, we must ask, why would the NFLPA agree for an extra game, when the players don't get paid more as their contracts remain the same? Money is the answer here too. It's because the players would get a bigger share of the NFL revenue once the 17th game was to be added. For the extra game to kick in the NFL had to sign more media contracts and raise players' revenue share. The extra media contracts were part of the agreement to ensure higher revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With both the league and players financially gaining from the deal, it was just a matter of time for the 17th game to be added once the CBA was agreed upon. Covid-19 had a big impact on the league's revenue, and also lead to a decreased salary cap for the 2021 season. This contrasts a yearly raise of $10 million or in the recent years. So in 2021, the league signed more media contracts, which allowed it to add the 17th regular season game, helping itself and players earn more, and teams to have higher salary cap in the coming years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also noteworthy that the extra game will result in revenue from the sales of tickets, venue food, merchandise, etc, as well as new inter conference rivalries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T01:48:15.443" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T01:48:15.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25891" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-24T03:51:56.710" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a football magazine a few years ago and there was an article about England national football C team. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_national_football_C_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, this team represents England at non-league level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, a national football team was formed to represent the country in international competitions like World Cup and in the case of England, Euro or Nations League. Since it has been represented by the senior national football team, what is the purpose of the England C team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21109" LastActivityDate="2021-04-24T03:51:56.710" Title="What is the purpose of England national football C team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25894" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25895" CreationDate="2021-04-25T15:44:28.290" Score="-1" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;In snooker, if a player achieves a century, but then fouls below 100, does the century still count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for example, suppose a player has a break of 102, but then misses and the cue ball goes into a pocket for -4 so the player's score stands at 98. Is it still considered a century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2021-04-25T16:16:23.807" Title="Can a century be undone by a foul?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25894" CreationDate="2021-04-25T16:16:23.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, because your question is based on a false premise: a foul does not reduce a player's score, but instead increases the opponent's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-25T16:16:23.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-26T13:32:21.313" Score="1" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner is on 3rd base. Batter in the box hits a foul ball on the ground down (so now it's a dead ball) the first base line. The first base coach bends down and tosses it to the pitcher. The pitcher misses the catch and it rolls over to 3rd base. The runner steps off the bag and flips the ball to the pitcher, and the umpire calls him out. Is this the correct call? (for the sake of this example, I won't mention the umpire was standing near 3rd and said &amp;quot;hey! a little help.&amp;quot; and that's why the runner grabbed the ball). This doesn't appear to be interference as the ball is not in play, and is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21230" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-04-26T13:35:01.940" LastActivityDate="2021-04-26T17:47:16.600" Title="Can a runner touch a dead ball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25896" CreationDate="2021-04-26T17:47:16.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A runner can be put out directly via any of the situations in &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/ub08blsefk8wkkd2oemz.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(b), or on appeal via any of the situations in 5.09(c).  None of these cover a runner touching or being touched by a dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mention, 5.09(b)(3) (interference) shouldn't be relevant because the runner is not interfering with a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the offensive team (especially at the professional levels) should be primed to not touch the ball just to avoid odd situations.  Let the defense deal with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No play is being made, the interpretation from the description is that the runner was trying to help speed up play and not create problems for the defense, there's nothing mentioned that comes close to a reason for the runner to be out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-04-26T17:47:16.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25898" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-27T13:29:45.873" Score="1" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today in the World Championships, the referee, Jan Verhaas, made a scoring mistake in the eighth game of the quarterfinal match between Neil Robertson and Kyren Wilson. The error occurred in Wilson's second visit to the table after breaking off. This is the way it went:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;red     referee: one&#xA;pink    referee: seven&#xA;red     referee: eight&#xA;blue    referee: thirteen&#xA;red     referee: fourteen&#xA;black   referee: nineteen&#xA;red     referee: twenty&#xA;black   referee: twenty-seven&#xA;(miss)  referee: Kyren Wilson, twenty-seven&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as you can read in the above transcript, the referee errored on the sixth ball of the second visit. He scored a black for five points, as though it was blue, instead of for seven points. This led to the overall point total for visit being two points less than it should have been. Although Wilson did indeed win the frame, at one point it could have made a difference in the outcome if Robertson had played perfectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in this situation, what are the player's options when a referee makes an error like this? Is it encumbent on the player to notice the error immediately and petition for it to be corrected, or can it be corrected later? So, for example, once the total for the frame had been called, was it too late to fix it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T22:21:52.223" Title="What recourse does a player have when a referee makes a scoring mistake in snooker?" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25859" CreationDate="2021-04-27T17:53:09.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Too long for a comment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia claims&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[N]o player has ever struck out four batters on twelve pitches in an inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in its &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning&lt;/a&gt;, referencing four sources but I could not find the claim in any of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="96" LastActivityDate="2021-04-27T17:53:09.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-28T09:46:22.513" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a rare situation in snooker where it would seem a player should deliberately foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is when a player is ahead by the points on the table and has a difficult-to-pot color but easy red in the jaws of the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, let's say that the balls on the table are one red plus the colors. The ball on is the yellow and the red ball is in the jaws of a pocket. This is an easy shot, however, the yellow ball is a long pot or otherwise very difficult to make. The player shooting is 33 points ahead of the other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if the player attempts the yellow and misses, then the other player can pot the red and black for 8 points, then run the colors for another 27, giving 35 points in total. So, the other player would win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, what the player can do is carom off the yellow so as to hit the red in. He has hit the designated ball, so it is not a miss. Now of course it is a foul, so his opponent will receive +4, but the &lt;strong&gt;red will stay pocketed&lt;/strong&gt;. That means there are only 27 points on the table. So, the other player will have to make a snooker to win. So, in this situation the player on can put his opponent into snookers required by fouling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any reason why this would not work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2021-07-02T20:09:32.247" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T20:09:32.247" Title="Can a player deliberately foul in a red if a color is on?" Tags="|rules|tactics|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25901" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-28T18:25:52.967" Score="-2" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happened to sports youtuber edp445? He had a channel with 2M+ subscribers but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjicDRtQRDZdgQzYAettQhg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;his channel&lt;/a&gt; has been terminated. Why was his channel terminated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user21238" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user21238" LastEditDate="2021-04-29T20:07:22.240" LastActivityDate="2021-04-29T20:07:22.240" Title="What happened to EDP445?" Tags="|american-football|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25901" CreationDate="2021-04-28T18:43:47.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.insider.com/edp-bryant-moreland-edp445-youtuber-accused-messaging-young-girl-2021-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EDP445 has been accused of paedophilia&lt;/a&gt; and has deleted all the videos from his channel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T18:43:47.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5796" CreationDate="2021-04-28T19:20:19.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL changed the speed of the game by moving hash marks in. It enabled the &amp;quot;sweep&amp;quot; to be run to either side of the field-- BALANCE was now a word used to describe offenses and not just 50/50 run pass-- as evidence was the vast number of 1000+ rushers (It was referred to as &amp;quot;the year of the runner&amp;quot;) -- it also enables the crossing route or &amp;quot;east west game&amp;quot; which college does not have-- college is a slow power game that is a North South game, and has no east/west capability. The close hash marks allowed the &amp;quot;Mouse&amp;quot; Davis spread (run and shoot) to be installed-- it allowed Bill Walsh's 1-2-3 offense to be installed. It is the single biggest aspect to the leagues success via rule change, as it was both innovative and impactful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21239" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T19:20:19.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25908" CreationDate="2021-04-30T16:04:52.077" Score="3" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is somewhat theoretical in nature since I’ve never seen it actually happen, but I just saw an instance that came very, very close, and I wondered what would have been done if it had actually happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 13 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt; deals with faults and among other things specifies that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.4 [It shall be a ‘fault’] if, in play, a player:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.4.2 invades an opponent's court over the net with racquet or person except that the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racquet in the course of a stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker's side of the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.4.4 obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now these two can easily interact with each other since they occur in the same situation: when a player is making a stroke where the racquet goes over the net and ends up on the opponent’s court, while the opponent has his racquet up in defence to try to catch the shuttle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider now the following scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A has an opportunity to take the shuttle very close to the net and smash/tap it down on the opponent’s court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player B sees this and puts his racquet up in defence to hopefully intercept the smash/tap and get it back over the net&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A smashes/taps the shuttle, but the shuttle ends up not crossing the net, so Player A strikes the shuttle on his opponent’s court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player B’s racquet is positioned in such a way that it completely unambiguously obstructs Player A’s racquet in the completion of the stroke&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, Player B put up his racquet in position at the net &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; Player A had started the stroke, and thus also before Player A commits the fault of striking the shuttle on his opponent’s court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the actual obstruction that prevents the completion of “following the shuttle over the net with the racquet” does not occur until &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; Player A has committed a fault – a fault which, incidentally, puts 13.4.2 out of play (since the stroke is no longer “after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker’s side of the net”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it all boils down to which exact moment in time a fault is taken to occur according to §13.4.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as soon as Player B raises his racquet to the net, knowing that Player A will almost certainly try to smash/tap = Player B commits a fault before Player A, so Player A will get the point despite hitting the shuttle on Player B’s court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when Player A’s movement is actively impeded by Player B’s racquet = Player A commits a fault before Player B, so Player B will get the point despite obstructing Player A’s stroke.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which scenario would be followed if it happened in an actual match?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or would the umpire likely just consider it too close to call (the difference is milliseconds) and play a let?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastEditorUserId="15379" LastEditDate="2021-04-30T18:18:16.737" LastActivityDate="2021-04-30T18:18:16.737" Title="In badminton, how do invasion and obstruct interact chronologically?" Tags="|rules|scoring|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25907" CreationDate="2021-04-30T17:56:12.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of the referenced faults happen in play; §15.3 means that the first fault ends the rally. The only provision for concurrent faults causing a let is during the service. While in theory §14.2.7 could be used to call a let if the umpire doesn't know what happened first, this is a shaky argument; in practice umpires are strongly encouraged to decide which fault happened first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, this should be obvious: The umpire must decide whether B obstructed A's shot before A crossed the net. If it did, then it's B's fault and A gets awarded a point. Otherwise, crossing above the net without having hit the shuttle is a fault, and ends play immediately. One of these events almost certainly precedes the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://development.bwfbadminton.com/technical-officials/umpires&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF Umpire Manual Level 2&lt;/a&gt; elaborates on the laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to call a fault for obstruction (...) the&#xA;umpire must be convinced that Player B’s racket impeded Player A’s shot or&#xA;altered how it would otherwise have been played.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The umpire should mentally replay the net exchange and make a judgement&#xA;as to whether Player A was able to play the shot as naturally intended, or if it&#xA;was adjusted in order to avoid making contact with Player B’s raised racket.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;If the umpire is convinced that Player A had to adjust the shot, then “Fault” should be called. If the umpire is unsure, then “Fault” should not be called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it depends on the specifics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But most likely – both per the rules and umpiring in practice – per ITTO §6.7 the umpire will not fault for obstruction.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;On the other hand, crossing the net is very clearly defined, and will be called a fault. Therefore, very likely A will be faulted, and the point will be given to B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2021-04-30T17:56:12.040" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25911" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-02T21:32:31.717" Score="2" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a runner is stealing the second base, and the catcher drops a third strike is first base considered occupied or can the batter run to first and be safe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21253" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T22:18:06.933" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T23:06:34.673" Title="What is the ruling on a dropped third strike and first base being unoccupied because a runner is stealing?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25911" CreationDate="2021-05-02T23:06:34.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules 5.06(a)&lt;/a&gt;, a runner occupies a base when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occupying the Base&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) A runner acquires the right to an unoccupied base when he touches it before he is out. He is then entitled to it until he is put out, or forced to vacate it for another runner legally entitled to that base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in this case, if the runner had reached second base &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the ball reached the plate (and thus became a &amp;quot;dropped third strike&amp;quot;), the batter would become a runner.  If the runner was still on the way to second base, the batter would be called out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most instances, the runner will not have reached second base prior to the pitch crossing the plate, and thus the batter will be simply called out (unless the runner left while the pitcher was still holding the ball and nobody paid attention; this happens sometimes when a team is down by multiple runs late in the game and the runner on first is not the tying or winning run).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T23:06:34.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25913" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-03T14:25:28.053" Score="2" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;With teams slowly but surely qualifying for playoffs, I'm wondering:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the longest streak of being in playoffs in the NHL? And what is the current, still running, longest streak?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-06T22:01:28.907" LastActivityDate="2021-12-03T23:01:00.100" Title="What is the longest streak of a team being in playoffs, and what is the current ongoing streak?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25913" CreationDate="2021-05-03T15:49:10.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The longest ever NHL playoffs streak belongs to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://records.nhl.com/records/playoff-team-records/appearances/team-most-consecutive-seasons-playoff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Boston Bruins&lt;/a&gt; who made the playoffs from 1967-68 season to 1995-96.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current longest playoff appearance belongs to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_franchise_post-season_appearance_streaks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pittsburgh Penguins&lt;/a&gt; who've made the playoffs since 2006-07 season (14 seasons).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T15:49:10.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13874" CreationDate="2021-05-03T21:06:47.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Sharma and Ondra pre-2018, there have been a few more 15c ascents since then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alex Megos did the first ascent of &lt;em&gt;Perfecto Mundo&lt;/em&gt; 5.15c in May 2018, and this was repeated by Stefano Ghisolfi and Jakob Schubert&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stefano Ghisolfi repeated Ondra's &lt;em&gt;Change&lt;/em&gt; in September 2020&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will Bosi did the first ascent of &lt;em&gt;King Capella&lt;/em&gt; 5.15c in March 2021&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also worth mentioning that there are 2 established 5.15&lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt; (!) routes as of May 2021:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Silence&lt;/em&gt; 5.15d, FA by Ondra in September 2017&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bibliographie&lt;/em&gt; 5.15d, FA by Alex Megos in August 2020&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both unrepeated, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_(sport_climbing)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21263" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T21:06:47.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15523" CreationDate="2021-05-05T03:13:38.610" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wyandotte High School in Kansas City Kansas has two. In the early 20th century there actually was a national tournament that was not invitational, i.e. you had to win your respective state and regional tournaments to qualify. I believe the national tournament was played at Madison Square Garden&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21267" LastActivityDate="2021-05-05T03:13:38.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25900" CreationDate="2021-05-06T15:40:10.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no &lt;em&gt;explicit&lt;/em&gt; rule to stop this from working. But assuming the referee were aware that the move had been intentional, they do have options to prevent the striker from profiting from the foul using the discretion afforded them under the &amp;quot;Unsporting Conduct&amp;quot; rule (Section 4, Rule 1d) to award the frame/game to their opponent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) In the event that the conduct, in the opinion of the&#xA;referee is sufficiently serious, the referee shall award the&#xA;frame or the game to the player’s opponent, even if&#xA;previous Warnings for Unsporting Conduct were not&#xA;issued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the referee didn't believe the foul was intentional (or wasn't sure) they are not without options. Section 5, Rule 1 states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The referee shall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) make decisions in the interests of fair play for any&#xA;situation not covered adequately by these Rules;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which basically gives the referee &lt;em&gt;carte blanche&lt;/em&gt; to take whatever actions they deem fair - if the ref decided that the unfair advantage from fouled red pot warranted it they could replace the red.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-05-12T11:24:00.757" LastActivityDate="2021-05-12T11:24:00.757" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25921" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-07T02:29:04.207" Score="2" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a first time little league coach, and this came up in my second game: who is an improper (out-of-order) batter? To keep things simple and fair for my kids, I kept the same batting order from game 1 in game 2 and just picked up where we left off. My 7th batter made the final out of game 1, so I had my 8th batter lead off. The opposing coach argued that we were batting out of order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at MLB and LL rulebooks, I find that the definition of the proper batter is the batter listed in the lineup after the previous batter. In every inning after the first, the previous batter is the batter that completed the last at bat of the previous inning. The rulebook does not seem to state whom the proper batter is to lead off the 1st inning, and therefore any batter seems to be proper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So was my team batting out of order to lead off with the 8th hitter and then proceed 9, 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9....? (10 kids on the team, everyone bats, hence the 10 the spot)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21301" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-07T02:38:58.767" LastActivityDate="2021-05-07T07:30:31.073" Title="What is an improper batter?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25921" CreationDate="2021-05-07T07:30:31.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You say that the coach complained.  Did the ump say anything?  Do you formally present lineup cards before either game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have a copy of little league rules.  In MLB, the leadoff batter must be the batter in the first position on the lineup card presented to the opposing coach and the umpire before the start of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless you have some rules in your league that speak to this, there is no connection between games of a double-header.  You would normally be free to make your lineup card for the second game as you wish, and can lead off with any player, including one that was not part of the lineup in a previous game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you must lead off the game with the 1st batter, but that person could be anyone on the team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-05-07T07:30:31.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-07T11:41:55.577" Score="1" ViewCount="583" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard following hypothesis about ice-hockey statistics;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-20 min left (i.e. whole third period)&#xA;-situation is 0-1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told the team that is trailing, has bigger probability to win the game.&#xA;Has anyone seen such statistics to prove if this is the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21302" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-07T14:46:23.567" LastActivityDate="2021-05-12T13:27:03.253" Title="What is the win probabiity of an ice hockey team being down 1-0 at the end of the second period?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25923" CreationDate="2021-05-07T21:28:57.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; This is currently a preliminary answer - perhaps more to come depending on what the OP wants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by the results from the 2020/2021 NHL season (until 7th May) there have been a total of 67 games where the game was 1-0 to either team at the end of the second period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of these, there were 6 games where that 1-0 deficit was overturned by the other team &lt;strong&gt;in regulation&lt;/strong&gt;, giving an 8.96% overturn rate - or a roughly 1 in 11 chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, statistically, the team trailing 1-0 at that point are significantly less likely to win&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These games were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Game&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;End of P2 Score&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Final&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14th Feb 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272327&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Montreal Canadiens v Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19th Mar 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272570&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Rangers v Washington Capitals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24th Mar 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272603&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Calgary Flames v Ottawa Senators&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4th Apr 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272687&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Minnesota Wild v Vegas Golden Knights&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20th Apr 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272801&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Montreal Canadiens v Edmonton Oilers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 : 4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1st May 2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/nhl/game/_/gameId/401272887&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Los Angeles Kings v Anaheim Ducks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2 : 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Obviously, as this data is coming from the middle of the 2020/21 season of the NHL, this is just a subset of all possible Ice Hockey games - so the &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; value is likely to be something different.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must give credit to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scoreboard.com/uk/nhl/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt; which listed out all of the games, plus their period by period scores, in which I scraped together the information into a spreadsheet...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2021-05-12T13:27:03.253" LastActivityDate="2021-05-12T13:27:03.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3318" CreationDate="2021-05-08T13:56:20.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much of this is bad advice, in my experience. This is how I dry my wetsuit (for many years, and it lasts and lasts):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't leave it in the sun, full stop.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you must, only inside out, otherwise you are adding multiple sessions to its demise.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Change/rinse out the sand before going home.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rinse and spin the suit in the washer (inside out).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Put the suit in the tumble dryer on &lt;strong&gt;Warm, not Hot&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will have zero added UV damage to the suit and zero heat damage (left in the sun, the suit of course will get &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; hotter than a dryer on Warm cycle. And you will have a dry, mould and bacteria-free wetsuit for every surf!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: If you have an ancient dryer that doesn't have a Warm setting, then don't use it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21306" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-05-08T18:06:08.080" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T18:06:08.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25926" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-05-08T18:14:38.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions related to the sport of Petanque.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21248" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-08T20:41:58.777" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T20:41:58.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25927" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-05-08T18:14:38.763" Score="0" Body="Questions related to sport of Petanque." OwnerUserId="21248" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-08T20:41:27.060" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T20:41:27.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10485" CreationDate="2021-05-09T14:38:41.313" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I honestly believe it's to reduce heavy traffic. There would be a lot of congested traffic on the roads at the same time coming and going to the games. NYC isn't very big and all the roads eventually have some sort of connection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21313" LastActivityDate="2021-05-09T14:38:41.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25931" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-09T19:17:43.710" Score="0" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;In middle school track and field if a runner goes into your lane and stays there, would that be an automatic DQ or would the rules be stretched because it's only middle school?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21315" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-09T19:22:30.400" LastActivityDate="2023-02-24T01:01:00.087" Title="In middle school track and field, what if in the 100m dash someone cuts you off?" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20752" CreationDate="2021-05-11T00:28:46.417" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Giannis antetokoumpo has won both awards in the same year in 2020&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_2020.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21321" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-05-13T20:17:57.243" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T20:17:57.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8772" CreationDate="2021-05-13T00:19:12.013" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well the player (in this scenario you so we'll use you going forward) has options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 and most importantly, declare quite loudly which teams you wish Not today for, as mentioned it may not deter the team from drafting you, but they will be aware you will why to be traded. It also alerts teams lower down the draft order (the giants/chargers trade took mere hours, both teams were negotiating as the draft unfolded, Kobe didn't want to go to Charlotte, ironically Charlotte never wanted him they just had a pick before L.A and the trade was struck before the draft (not sure if that's strictly legs but effectively the Lakers paid the hornets to draft Kobe).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 hope you're slightly good at another sport, NFL players usually have baseball, whilst the suns would your NBA rights they cannot stop you being drafted elsewhere! But if basketball is your passion hopefully the thought of losing a draft pick makes the suns trade you. 3 college ball for an extra year I your stats and redraft the following year&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21331" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-13T02:45:12.913" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T02:45:12.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25936" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-13T16:52:36.293" Score="0" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking there must be a player whose career consisted of a collection of single seasons, each with a different team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there are relief pitchers like this.  I'd be more interested in learning about a position player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to search for players who fit this mold on Baseball Reference.  One that came to mind was Arthur Rhodes.  His career was front loaded with a long stint at Seattle, and the second half saw him hop around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there's got to be someone who is known as being the ultimate journeyman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T20:00:42.943" Title="In the MLB, is someone known as being the ultimate journeyman?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25936" CreationDate="2021-05-13T20:00:42.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never heard that term applied to a single player.  That's unlikely to be a fan-favorite, because you're looking for someone that was never with any team very long and wasn't good enough to be kept around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My vote would be for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/player/matt-stairs-122644&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Matt Stairs&lt;/a&gt;.  Although he did play for Oakland for 5 consecutive years, all the other teams were max 2 years.  19 seasons in the majors, 12 different teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Matt also holds the MLB record for pinch hit homers with 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kenny Lofton played for 11 different teams, but was such a force for Cleveland during his prime that I don't think he fits your request.  There's probably several players with only one year with each team (or less), but that didn't hold up for long and are quite forgettable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/player/paul-bako-132720&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Paul Bako&lt;/a&gt; during his stint with the Astros.  He played for 11 teams, no more than 2 consecutive years with any, but I think backup catcher may be similar in feel to relief pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T20:00:42.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25898" CreationDate="2021-05-13T22:21:52.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst the onus is generally on the referee to keep score - it is also the players' &lt;em&gt;responsibility&lt;/em&gt; to ensure that the correct score is being applied, insomuch as it's actually in the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 4: The Players&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Scoring Responsibility&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As well as the referee, it is the players’ responsibility to make sure&#xA;that the correct score is being applied, either on the scoreboard or&#xA;by the referee announcing the scores. If any player notices that the&#xA;score is incorrect, it is their responsibility to inform the referee at&#xA;the earliest opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;earliest opportunity&amp;quot; is a little vague, but I would imagine that the latest is the end of the current frame. I also seem to recall a player once pointing out to a referee that they had incorrectly scored their opponent's break, once that break had ended (though I can not seem to find it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-05-13T22:21:52.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25940" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-17T04:46:59.503" Score="0" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I set up a double elimination tournament with 18 participants. I can never get it to come out even.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21348" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-17T15:00:57.887" LastActivityDate="2021-05-17T15:00:57.887" Title="Double elimination Pool Tournament" Tags="|tournaments|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2021-05-17T16:36:41.407" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-17T07:41:53.703" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of May 2021, six goalkeepers have scored goals in the English Premier League: Peter Schmeichel, Brad Friedel, Paul Robinson, Tim Howard, Asmir Begovic, and Alisson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a record of how many goalkeepers scored goals in the old First Division, between its founding in 1888 and the Premier League's founding in 1992?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-05-18T08:31:39.390" LastActivityDate="2021-06-04T10:42:05.340" Title="How many goalkeepers scored goals in the old First Division?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25942" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-17T23:50:42.140" Score="0" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles (particularly at a 3.0 or 3.5 level), what should the net players consider when choosing where to position during the serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-05-18T08:31:11.420" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T19:32:29.173" Title="Doubles positioning at the net during serve" Tags="|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25947" CreationDate="2021-05-22T22:02:25.820" Score="0" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are Memphis Grizzlies in the playoffs and Golden State Warriors are not even though Golden State Warriors have more victories? Why was the last game important if it's not the number of victories that matters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21365" LastEditorUserId="21380" LastEditDate="2021-05-27T09:55:39.117" LastActivityDate="2021-05-27T09:55:39.117" Title="Why are Grizzlies in the playoffs and GSW are not, even though Warriors have more victories?" Tags="|basketball|nba|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25946" CreationDate="2021-05-22T22:23:17.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2020-21 season the NBA introduced a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/news/nba-play-in-tournament&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play-in tournament&lt;/a&gt; (somewhat similar to those we saw in 2019-20 post Covid shutdowns).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As part of these play-in games, the 7th and 8th seeds of each conference at the end of regular season played each other, where the winner would be ranked the 7th seed for the playoffs. The 9th and 10th ranked teams, would also play each other. The winner plays the loser of the 7th and 8th seed game and would be ranked as the 8th seed of the playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/news/play-in-picture-may-14-2021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a picture showing what I described above with more clarity:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p43ZB.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p43ZB.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the play-ins, the Warriors finished the season 8th, and played the Lakers who finished 7th. Lakers won that match and clinched a playoff berth as the 7th seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Warriors lost, they played the winner of 9th and 10th seed, which was the Memphis Grizzlies. So the Grizzlies and the Warriors played a single game elimination to enter the playoffs. Since the Grizzlies won, then entered the playoffs as the 8th seed, despite finishing 9th in the regular season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-26T02:14:10.530" LastActivityDate="2021-05-26T02:14:10.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25948" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-23T03:00:14.130" Score="1" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;I get American football in Brazil. I try to watch the game, but, honestly, can't understand a thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing that made me curious was the numbers on the ground. For instance, there's a &amp;quot;1st &amp;amp; 10&amp;quot; beside a team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zt0mh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zt0mh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;1st &amp;amp; 10&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I thought I saw a &amp;quot;3rd &amp;amp; 8&amp;quot; beside the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WBMDm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WBMDm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;3rd &amp;amp; 8&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user21366" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-24T19:00:10.223" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T19:00:10.223" Title="Numbers on American football field" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-05-23T04:19:52.243" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25948" CreationDate="2021-05-23T03:12:47.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those numbers specify the downs, and yards to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, when a team gains possession, they have 4 downs to gain 10 yards. Failure to do so results in the other team gaining possession from where the ball was at the end of those 4 downs. That's why you see punts and kicks on the 4th down, to avoid giving the other team the ball at the current yardage. If a team gains the 10 yards before 4 downs, the yardage resets. That is they earn another 4 downs to gain 10 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first picture we see a 1st down and 10. Meaning this is the 1st of the 4 downs explained above, and the team with possession has 10 yards to go to gain their next first down. You can also confirm that by looking at the distance between the blue line (on the 40 yard line) and the yellow line (on the 30). Although the default first down yardage is 10 yards, it doesn't always have to be that many yards based on panelties and position of the ball with respect to the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second picture we have 3rd and 8. That means the team with possession is on their 3rd attempt to gain 10 yards, and they still have 8 more yards to go. Again if you look at the distance between the blue line (where the ball is placed) and the yellow line, you'll see there's 8 yards in between them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that those numbers on the field are TV overlays and not present on the field itself, as well as the yellow and blue lines. The blue lines on pictures (not always blue on all broadcasts) is the line of scrimmage, and the yellow line (again not always yellow) is the first down line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-24T18:09:05.657" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T18:09:05.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25950" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-24T00:30:35.367" Score="4" ViewCount="1308" Body="&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball's Standings page&lt;/a&gt;, one of the fields is headed &lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;.500&lt;/code&gt;: &amp;quot;Record against &amp;gt;.500 teams&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the record in games against teams whose record was above .500 when the game was played, or games against teams whose record is above .500 now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T16:09:09.740" Title="How is mlb.com's &quot;&gt;.500&quot; record calculated?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25729" CreationDate="2021-05-24T15:27:37.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in the Premier League, it's not possible. Back in 2000, a referee directly asked the FA to rescind a yellow card. He received no answer. This article might give a little more insight:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports.legal/2017/12/yellow-card-suspensions-in-football-correct-me-if-im-wrong-but/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sports.legal/2017/12/yellow-card-suspensions-in-football-correct-me-if-im-wrong-but/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21370" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T15:27:37.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25950" CreationDate="2021-05-24T16:09:09.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Current record, not at the time of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the White Sox are &amp;quot;6-9&amp;quot; against .500 teams; that includes 4-4 against CLE, 2-2 against BOS, and 0-3 against NYY.  However, the KC Royals were over .500 for several of their games, the Mariners even were over .500 for the first game they played, etc.; while CLE, BOS, and NYY were all over .500 for all of the games they played against the White Sox.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-05-24T16:09:09.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25942" CreationDate="2021-05-25T14:53:38.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; subjective question with a lot of variables and no verifiably &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; answer, but I will lay out a few common scenarios at this level based on my own experiences. Players should experiment and adjust for their own abilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Scenario A: Playing with a new partner with an unreliable serve&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the most basic answer to this question at this level is &amp;quot;wherever your partner is the least likely to hit you&amp;quot;. Given that standing off the court is not a great option, your safest bet is to straddle the singles sideline while staying low a few feet back from the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7h9kO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7h9kO.png&quot; alt=&quot;position at X&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This serves two purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your teammate is rather unlikely to hit you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are well-positioned to intercept shots down the doubles sideline, which is the easiest way to lose a point via a return winner as your partner has no chance of getting to that shot if it gets past you. If you're within easy distance of the doubles sideline, players will be more likely to either hit it wide or well within your reach if they attempt that shot. Otherwise, they will attempt to return cross-court, which is a shot you may be able to intercept if they don't place it well. If it is out of your reach, your partner should have time to field it properly in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's generally preferable to stay closer to the net rather than near the service line, as the further you move back, the fewer shots you can intercept at the net. In short, you cover the maximum amount of court while close to the net, forcing people to either go around or over you. At this level particularly, any time you can force someone to do something or make a decision is going to be an advantage for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Scenario B: Playing with a trusted partner with a moderately reliable serve&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this scenario, you will likely be more assured that your partner has sufficient control/self-awareness to understand their limits and not bean you (too often) on a serve. This opens up a few more potential strategies that will change your positioning though that described in Scenario A is still perfectly fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategy 1: Serving wide and poaching the return&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, you cheat in a few feet (red X) while your partner attempts to serve wide (yellow target). This again leaves you the opportunity to cut off a potential winner down the sideline while more aggressively pursuing a cross-court return. Again, you'll want to duck down during the actual serve. This is also an effective strategy if you partner is comfortable at the net, and you want to be more aggressive by having them rush the net immediately after serving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this level, aggression forces mistakes pretty often (on both your and your opponent's end). Note that you can easily cheat in a step or two after the serve from the &amp;quot;safer&amp;quot; position on the singles sideline, which can cause opponents to hesitate between trying the line or going cross-court and lead to them hitting a middling shot. Tracking player position and ball movement simultaneously is difficult for players at this level, which you can use to your advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y1K0O.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/y1K0O.png&quot; alt=&quot;position at X&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategy 2: Serving center and poaching the return&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, you start at the same position as in strategy 1 (red X) while your partner attempts to serve center (yellow target). As they serve, you can slide even further towards center to try to force your opponent to attempt a wider shot than they might be comfortable attempting. This is particularly true if you can force them to return via their backhand, with which many people do not have great placement at this level. Note that you do leave yourself more open to a return winner down the sideline if attempting this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zNBYI.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zNBYI.png&quot; alt=&quot;position at X&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that variety is helpful, so mix things up and have fun with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10661" LastEditorUserId="10661" LastEditDate="2021-05-25T19:32:29.173" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T19:32:29.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25956" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-27T12:10:58.563" Score="1" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if an NBA player gets fouled right when the shot clock ends, and he gets the and 1. Would he be able to shoot the free throw?&#xA;Do the referees base this on game point, or just don't do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-05-27T13:10:14.677" LastActivityDate="2021-05-27T13:10:14.677" Title="In the NBA, do you get a free throw if you are fouled by the buzzer?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24727" CreationDate="2021-05-28T01:10:37.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe for this technique to be effective, the perpendicular contact of the ball needs to be reduced so that the horizontal stroke of the contacting rubber on the ball can be maximized.  This is why sound is also so very important in reading your opponent's amount of spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A heavy backspin serve would need to be grazed in such a way like a topspin loop is as opposed to a topspin drive.  They do not sound at all alike and I do believe that even if only a matter of milliseconds, a loop stroke does make contact with the ball noticeably longer than a topspin drive, and the same can be done with backspin, particularly on a serve, just not to the same degree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the idea of producing a less-spinny backspin by making contact further back on the racquet surface, I'm not sure how much difference to the extreme of either edge would make, but I always tend to start my serves further towards the leading edge of the blade regardless of the amount of spin I'm going to put on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a very good question and I think it would be worth researching further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13403" LastEditorUserId="13403" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T13:50:51.887" LastActivityDate="2022-02-23T13:50:51.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25960" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25961" CreationDate="2021-05-29T23:46:34.133" Score="0" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are defenders, midfielders, forwards and goalkeepers. If I want to compare non-keeper player to player, which statistic is the best?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reply to answers below, if the synergy is important, is there a bundle or even a single statistic(s) to compare non-keeper player 1 to player 2 in the synergy of team A and synergy of team B. For example, (p1,sA) to (p2,sA) and (p1,sB) to (p2,sB). As we see there are two variables, are there statistical models to slot all four pairs of numbers and compare among themselves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21138" LastEditorUserId="21138" LastEditDate="2021-05-30T16:37:56.620" LastActivityDate="2021-05-30T16:37:56.620" Title="Which soccer/association football statistic gives the most comprehensive assessment of a player in his or her position?" Tags="|football|statistics|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25960" CreationDate="2021-05-30T06:58:28.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't one, or at least you need to define &amp;quot;best&amp;quot; much more precisely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take a naive example: imagine you have four forwards. Two of them are excellent finishers and will score lots of goals if given opportunities, and two of them will create lots of opportunities for other players, but not score that many goals themselves. The best team will have have one of the finishers and one of the creators, and it is the &lt;em&gt;synergy&lt;/em&gt; between the players which gives them a lot of their value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now of course, football is a much more complicated game than just &amp;quot;creators&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;finishers&amp;quot;, and that makes the concept of a single statistic which can be used to compare players even less valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-05-30T06:58:28.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25962" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-30T17:14:48.887" Score="7" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, it's generally accepted wisdom that if two teams face each other in a playoff round, and one team has played fewer games in the playoffs due to having fewer losses in previous rounds, they're at an advantage due to being less tired/injured etc. But has anyone done a statistical analysis to show if this is the case or not? Obviously there's a big confounding factor (a team that loses less is probably just flat out better) but I think this could probably be corrected for using regular season results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example in case it isn't clear: COL beat STL 4-0 in the first round, VGK beat MIN 4-3, now COL plays VGK with 3 fewer games played recently and would be argued to have an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm mostly interested in the hockey case, but other sports with significant injury risks would answer the question too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20333" LastActivityDate="2021-05-30T17:14:48.887" Title="Do longer playoff series (in first to x formats) lead to worse outcomes in subsequent rounds?" Tags="|statistics|postseason|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25964" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-31T09:56:37.533" Score="2" ViewCount="461" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHsOkBl1wRE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jelena Ostapenko hits Alize Cornet with a serve and wins point! | Wimbledon 2019&lt;/a&gt;, we can see that the serve has given a point. I wonder if they revenge back by serving the tennis ball back by hitting the player, and make the whole game like dodgeball. What would happen after all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21397" LastActivityDate="2021-06-02T22:54:31.957" Title="Double tennis serve hits opponent purposely" Tags="|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2021-06-01T03:45:53.873" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25964" CreationDate="2021-05-31T20:46:54.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hitting the opponent/ball kid/empire intentionally is unsportsmanlike conduct and can get one anywhere from a  warning to being disqualified. BUT, deciding whether it was intentional is up to the chair empire . A one-off occurrence is highly unlikely to be judged intentional&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13092" LastEditorUserId="13092" LastEditDate="2021-06-02T22:54:31.957" LastActivityDate="2021-06-02T22:54:31.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25966" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-01T18:17:54.853" Score="0" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for the number of PA's (Plate Appearances) that occurred in each of the 24 possible base-out states &lt;em&gt;split by batting order position&lt;/em&gt;. I am interested especially in the years 2010-2015 in MLB. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/split.cgi?t=b&amp;amp;lg=MLB&amp;amp;year=2010#all_bases&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt; provides plate appearances by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/split.cgi?t=b&amp;amp;lg=MLB&amp;amp;year=2010#all_lineu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;batting order position&lt;/a&gt;, and by base-out state, but not the two combined. Is there anywhere online where this data can be obtained? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21400" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-01T18:47:52.583" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T21:25:08.457" Title="Base Out State Probabilities by Batting Order Position" Tags="|baseball|statistics|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25968" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-01T21:52:37.613" Score="1" ViewCount="2356" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there golf terminology for a hole-in-one that doesn't hit the ground and roll into the hole but rather sinks directly into the hole?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't really follow what happens in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZT37Bu0kA4&amp;amp;ab_channel=DENNIS199711DENNIS199711&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt; but going by the description it might be an example. I'm guessing this is an exceptionally rare phenomenon. Is there any information about it, like, has there ever been a prize awarded for it? Is there any reason why there isn't more credit/value accorded to it? I mean, I know that you'd need to be not just skilful but astronomically lucky to hit one of these, but same goes for a normal hole-in-one, yet the latter are considered a holy grail of golf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21402" LastActivityDate="2023-10-26T08:03:40.213" Title="Hole-in-one without touching the ground" Tags="|terminology|records|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25931" CreationDate="2021-06-03T20:27:27.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lots of things might change depending on where and what level you are actually at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if they are playing on a normal ruleset, the runner would be DQed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the rest I do not know the official rules, but that is what I think would logically happen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then for what happens to the runner that was impaired by the DQed runner? Logic would be that the impaired runner will get seeded in the next round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was the finals, the time of the previous round might be used for rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-06-03T20:27:27.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25974" CreationDate="2021-06-04T17:55:23.847" Score="0" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Hart&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bret Hart&lt;/a&gt; considered as a great wrestler?  What did he do to 4 square ring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21410" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-04T18:06:20.173" LastActivityDate="2021-06-04T19:11:58.320" Title="Why is Bret Hart considered as a great wrestler?" Tags="|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25973" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="25975" CreationDate="2021-06-04T18:57:43.283" Score="0" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is TNA the originator of the six-sided ring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user21411" LastEditorDisplayName="user21411" LastEditDate="2021-06-04T20:46:12.633" LastActivityDate="2021-06-04T21:52:33.163" Title="Is TNA the originator of the six-sided ring?" Tags="|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25972" CreationDate="2021-06-04T19:05:35.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bret Hart was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_%22Hitman%22_Hart_%E2%80%94_The_Best_There_Is,_The_Best_There_Was,_The_Best_There_Ever_Will_Be&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the best there was, the best there is, the best there ever will be&lt;/a&gt;. That's a part of his character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why he's considered a great wrestler, the wrestling community would agree that he was a key figure in WWF history and a very technically sound wrestler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=is%20bret%20hart%20a%20great%20wrestler&amp;amp;oq=is%20bret%20hart%20a%20great%20wrestler&amp;amp;aqs=chrome..69i57.7105j0j4&amp;amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google search&lt;/a&gt; notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers&#xA;of all time ... He was a&#xA;face of the World Wrestling Federation during the New Generation Era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Is-Bret-Hart-the-greatest-wrestler-ever&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt;, which notes the question's subjectivity, states the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're talking about drawing power then the evidence shows that he&#xA;is not the greatest as his reign as &amp;quot;the man&amp;quot; in WWE was at a time&#xA;when ratings and house show numbers were down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're talking about being the complete package then Bret's more&#xA;reserved promo skills and lack of character usually have big&#xA;characters who could also work such as Ric Flair and Shawn Michaels&#xA;ranked above him. Bret had good promo skills in his own right, I liked&#xA;how he came across as being &amp;quot;real&amp;quot; in his promos, he was methodical in&#xA;his delivery and didn't rely on catchphrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're talking actual wrestling skills and telling a story in the&#xA;ring and being able to hold the crowds emotions in the palm of his&#xA;hand then Bret may very well be the best. Bret's technical wrestling&#xA;skills were top notch. He had a vast array of devastating suplexes and&#xA;other offensive moves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bret was a talented wrestler but also an amazing storyteller. He could&#xA;have the crowd in the palm of his hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bret Hart was a key figure during a time in WWF history.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was very technically sound and a great storyteller.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He was not the greatest character relative to other WWF stars.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He did not have drawing power relative to other WWF starts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user21411" LastEditorDisplayName="user21411" LastEditDate="2021-06-04T19:11:58.320" LastActivityDate="2021-06-04T19:11:58.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25973" CreationDate="2021-06-04T21:52:33.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. A six-side ring was used in Japan, by the Tōryūmon project in 2000. That group went defunct during 2004, (perhaps not coincidentally) the year that TNA first used the six-side ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-06-04T21:52:33.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25976" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-05T00:24:37.717" Score="3" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have had a look at some of the records for past Paralympics, and it looks like the T40 Track events have never been run?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Paralympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that data missing or have those events never run? If so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21412" LastActivityDate="2021-08-28T19:25:16.610" Title="Why has there never been a T40 Track Race?" Tags="|track-and-field|paralympics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-06T06:34:12.190" Score="1" ViewCount="476" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the ball considered to be in play or out of play when the goalkeeper has possession? What should be the restart if the goalkeeper commits a foul/misconduct when he has the ball in his hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21415" LastActivityDate="2021-06-06T06:45:19.037" Title="Fouls by the goalkeeper when in possession of the ball" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25979" CreationDate="2021-06-06T06:45:19.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper having the ball is just like any other player having it. The ball is in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://theifab.com/laws/latest/the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Laws&lt;/a&gt; clearly state when the ball is out of play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or&#xA;in the air&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;play has been stopped by the referee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it touches a match official, remains on the field of play and:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a team starts a promising attack or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the ball goes directly into the goal or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the team in possession of the ball changes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is in play at all other times when it touches a match&#xA;official and when it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner&#xA;flagpost and remains on the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the goalkeeper commits a foul while holding the ball it's treated like any other foul. Depending on the offence it would likely result in a penalty or indirect freekick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-06-06T06:45:19.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25981" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-06T08:16:07.390" Score="2" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Steyn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;François Steyn&lt;/a&gt; has won two World Cups and one Lions Series. He stands to be the only player ever to win two Lions series as well, or has there been any other player to achieve this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21416" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-06-06T18:46:07.617" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T10:25:56.970" Title="How many rugby union players have won 2 World Cups and 2 Lions Series?" Tags="|trivia|awards|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25982" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-06T08:59:20.693" Score="0" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am doing gymnastics training, our class is learning about basic backflip. I have read few cases where people land improperly, and hurt their leg, neck, shoulder etc. Is there anyway to prevent backflip injuries? Any training on how to break a fall, or improper rotation? In basketball , there are ways to counter a bad layup fall or baseball (such as falling on the slide, or sliding on the ground, instead of hard landing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just curious what they teach in gymnastics as far as preventing bad flip issues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.liveabout.com/gymnastics-back-flip-1715056&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.liveabout.com/gymnastics-back-flip-1715056&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21417" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-06T14:23:02.390" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T06:32:17.357" Title="How to prevent a bad flip in Gymnastics?" Tags="|injuries|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25981" CreationDate="2021-06-06T18:59:44.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia page &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_winners_of_multiple_Rugby_World_Cups&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of winners of multiple Rugby World Cups&lt;/a&gt; unsurprisingly gives the list of all players who have won two World Cups. These can be broken down into four categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14 New Zealanders who won the World Cup in 2011 and 2015.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 Australians who won the World Cup in 1991 and 1999.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_du_Randt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Os du Randt&lt;/a&gt;, who won the World Cup with South Africa in 1995 and 2007.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steyn.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can now cross-reference this list with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_%26_Irish_Lions#Tour_Test_series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;results of the Lions tours&lt;/a&gt;. From this, we can rule out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The New Zealanders, as they would have had to have been playing against the 1993 tourists to have won two series (the 2017 series was tied 1-1-1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Australians, who would have had to have played against the 2013 tourists (the Lions won the 1989 series 2-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;du Randt, as he would have had to have played against the 1980 tourists (the Lions won the 1997 series 2-1)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Steyn, who needs to win in the 2021 series.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore we can say that no player has won two World Cups and two Lions series. As of August 2021, this remains the case as while South Africa won the 2021 series against the Lions, François Steyn did not play; the player named Steyn who &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/match/EVP3231707&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;played in the 3rd test of the series&lt;/a&gt; was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morn%C3%A9_Steyn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Morné Steyn&lt;/a&gt;, not François.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-08T10:25:56.970" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T10:25:56.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-08T13:04:40.070" Score="0" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;In England, as part of the build-up to the Euro 2020 (2021) tournament, there has been much discussion between fans about the inclusion of both Jordan Henderson and Harry Maguire - who have either just returned from injury and lack any real match fitness (JH), or are currently suffering an injury (HM) - in the final 26-man playing squad for the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When questioned on the inclusion of these two players, the England manager Gareth Southgate responded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think [Maguire is] such a good player and we had the additional size of squad, &lt;strong&gt;the fact that that leadership which is growing in him all the time&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They both have a bit to do to be available but we feel the possibility they can play a part and the fact &lt;strong&gt;they are such fantastic characters to have around the group&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hendo, &lt;strong&gt;his leadership and presence is already having an affect on people&lt;/strong&gt;, especially the younger ones in the group but all the others as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/england-squad-maguire-injury-henderson-southgate-b938303.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source - Evening Standard&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is clear that Southgate sees both these players as key leadership roles in the squad (both are also captains of their respective domestic teams), and as such deems them a calculated risk to include them into the squad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But given that taking injured players, or out of fitness players, to a tournament is a risk - especially when there are deemed to be in-form replacements available - are there any rules which prohibit the manager from taking players as part of the &amp;quot;backroom staff&amp;quot;, as opposed to them being in the playing squad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously JH's/HM's leadership skills would be better served if they were on the pitch, but given the apparent importance of leadership to Southgate, is there anything stopping him from keeping them around the playing squad, for their leadership, without actually being part of it throughout the tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-06-08T13:04:40.070" Title="Can a player be part of a team's backroom staff during a tournament?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5130" CreationDate="2021-06-09T02:41:36.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jill Ellis has won consecutive FIFA World Cups in 2015 and 2019 as a coach, the second person to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Ellis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21427" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-09T03:01:30.803" LastActivityDate="2021-06-09T03:01:30.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25990" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-09T03:07:39.293" Score="2" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Montreal Canadiens swept the Winnipeg Jets in the second round of the 2020-21 playoffs. The Canadiens pulled off the sweep without ever trailing in the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times an NHL team swept a playoff series without ever trailing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-06-09T16:02:17.160" LastActivityDate="2021-06-09T16:02:17.160" Title="How many times has an NHL team completed a playoffs sweep without trailing?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25993" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-11T17:08:26.463" Score="2" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;The vast, vast, &lt;em&gt;vast&lt;/em&gt; majority of golf holes throughout the world are par-3, -4, or -5.  There are a smattering of par-6s, and, AFAIK, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/14279/17690&quot;&gt;only two par-7s &lt;em&gt;in the entire world&lt;/em&gt; (both of them at Japanese country clubs)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the huge variety of golf courses throughout the world, one would expect that this diversity would extend to their hole lengths, and that we'd see a lot more par-6s and par-7s, some par-8s and par-9s, and even a few holes with par 10, 11, 12, or higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are almost all of the world's golf holes clustered so tightly in the par-3-to-5 range, with so few longer than this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17690" LastActivityDate="2021-06-11T17:08:26.463" Title="Why are holes with par beyond 5 so rare?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20370" CreationDate="2021-06-13T04:46:46.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB rule 7.03(b) (2021 edition):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A game shall be forfeited to the opposing team when a team is&#xA;unable or refuses to place nine players on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if it's really the case that all but 8 players on your roster have already been used or are injured, your team loses the game by forfeit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2021-06-13T04:46:46.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20432" CreationDate="2021-06-16T06:23:02.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Union existed first&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/rugby-league-splits-from-rugby-union&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Museum of Australia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All football codes trace their roots back at least 700 years in England which &amp;quot;attracted large and often riotous crowds of players in England from at least the Middle Ages. Banned by royal decree at least 30 times between 1314 and 1667, the game was hard to control and even harder to suppress.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The growth of urban areas and the spread of the railways in the 19th century led to a move to establish general rules of football. A schism between those who wanted to exclude handling of the ball and those who didn't: the former led to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Association Football&lt;/a&gt; (soccer) and the latter led to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rugby Union&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rugby League&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;North American football&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Rules&lt;/a&gt; football has its roots in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gaelic football&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rugby emerged sometime between 1820 and 1830 at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_School&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rugby School&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to legend, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Webb_Ellis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Webb Ellis&lt;/a&gt; picked up the ball and ran with it during a school football match in 1823, thus creating the &amp;quot;rugby&amp;quot; style of play. Although the story has become firmly entrenched in the sport's folklore, it is not supported by substantive evidence, and is discounted by most rugby historians as an origin myth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first laws of Rugby (always laws, never rules) were written down in August 1845. The game spread to other public (i.e. private) schools across the UK and, with the spread of the railways both schoolboys and ex-schoolboys travelled and played across the country. Because the private schools were the cradles of the British Empire's administrators, they took the game around the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clubs for both soccer and Rugby were established and subsequently peak bodies for organising national competitions: The Football Association for soccer (which is where the name soccer comes from As&lt;strong&gt;soc&lt;/strong&gt;iation Football) in 1863 and the Rugby Union (which is where the Union part comes from) in 1871.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both were strictly amateur. Players were not paid to play &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; could not be compensated for loss of earnings if they were injured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The schism&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The founders and controllers of the Rugby Union were mainly ex-public-schoolboys who were relatively wealthy and lived in the south of England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The growing leisure of the working class and the ability to travel cheaply by train led to an explosion of popularity of the game generally but particularly in the industrial north. The players and clubs there were not wealthy and a football injury could mean not only loss of wages but loss of their job - industrial relations protections being not of 21st-century standard (except 21st-century USA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At a general meeting of the Rugby Union in September 1893, it was proposed that ‘players be allowed compensation for bona fide loss of time’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But an opposing motion was raised ‘that this meeting, believing the above principle is contrary to the true interests of the game and its spirit, declines to sanction the same’. The opposing motion was carried 282 to 136 votes and rugby union stayed resolutely amateur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A meeting in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire on 29 August that year between 21 clubs formed the Northern Rugby Football Union, or Northern Union.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name 'Rugby League' was coined in 1901 with the merger of the Lancashire and Yorkshire competitions Northern Union, forming the Northern Rugby Football League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rugby League and Rugby Union were initially the same game but more than a century of divergent rules changes have led to different but still quite obviously related codes. The two sports are probably the most similar of all football codes to the extent that it's not uncommon for players to switch and for some to earn the title &amp;quot;dual international&amp;quot; for representing their country in both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21457" LastActivityDate="2021-06-16T06:23:02.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="25999" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-16T07:57:24.870" Score="2" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;In last night's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEXgQauFg2A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;France v Germany encounter&lt;/a&gt;, France toward the end of the match, had a goal disallowed for offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pogba played the ball to Mbappe, who was doubtfully offside. However Benzema, who was to put the ball into the net, was at that point clearly, by a country mile, in an offside position. But was he - at that stage- &amp;quot;interfering with play&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In view of the fact that he went on to score a goal without any further German player touching the ball, surely he must have been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51197804&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;So who was given offside - Mbappe or Benzema?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB. I am not asking about the one which Mbappe &amp;quot;scored&amp;quot; with a brilliant curl - and was given offside. It is the later one involving Pogba, Mbappe and Benzema, which puzzles me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastEditorUserId="11901" LastEditDate="2021-06-16T08:03:54.673" LastActivityDate="2021-06-17T01:44:13.760" Title="Which French player was offside?" Tags="|football|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25999" CreationDate="2021-06-16T09:04:23.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both players were in an offside position from the initial pass forward, as can be reasonably seen in this YouTube highlights video, starting from 3:14:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/NnPMSMSd6Lg?start=194&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because one of the offsides was close and a clear goalscoring opportunity was created, it is considered best practise to keep the flag down &lt;em&gt;until&lt;/em&gt; the GSO has passed. Then, &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; a goal is scored or VAR may otherwise intervene, the flag is raised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If VAR checks and finds that the offisde decision is wrong, they will override it. As this did not happen, they have determined it was the correct decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since both players were in an offside position and both played the ball thereafter, both have committed an offside offence, and both were given offisde.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If for some technical reason a person needed to pick one player to be &lt;em&gt;The&lt;/em&gt; offside player, one has a simple tool to do so: look at where the free kick was taken. It must be from the position of the offside player at the time the ball was last kicked by an onside player,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it was inside the box or centre of the field, #19 Benzema&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it was outside to the right, #10 Pogba&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-17T01:44:13.760" LastActivityDate="2021-06-17T01:44:13.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26003" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-18T12:16:03.567" Score="0" ViewCount="5514" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just seen a video where a player shoots the basketball during a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball initially enters the hoop and passes completely through the net. However the net flicks the ball in a way that sends the ball back over the top of the hoop from the outside of the home's cylinder (over the top of the hoop). The ball then passes back through the hoop and net for the second time after the initial shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this counted as two successful shots? How many points is it worth if the player shoots from outside the 3 point line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21466" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-18T22:55:36.563" LastActivityDate="2021-06-18T22:55:36.563" Title="In Basketball, if the ball goes through the hoop and net twice in one shot, how many points?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26003" CreationDate="2021-06-18T17:09:08.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two points (or three if it were a three-pointer etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules/2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article 10 &amp;quot;Status of the ball&amp;quot; from the FIBA 2020 rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10.3 The ball becomes dead when: Any field goal or free throw is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-06-18T17:09:08.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26005" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-19T04:02:04.517" Score="0" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why didn't Messi kick at the goal and passed instead? Perhaps I have not seen a scene like this before and after it. Was there a particular reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/tF2_bIpqFYg?t=42&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17 Impossible Things Only Messi Can Do - With Commentaries&lt;/a&gt;, he was at a penalty kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ILtmL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ILtmL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But he did not kick towards the net, rather rolled the ball right, and Suárez scored a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cu15B.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cu15B.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21470" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-19T06:31:00.060" LastActivityDate="2021-06-19T06:31:00.060" Title="Why did Messi pass this penalty kick?" Tags="|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-19T07:20:18.087" Score="0" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rocky III, the training montage showed Apollo teaching Rocky a shuffle. at 0:23 and 1:00 it shows rocky learning a new footing and I was wondering if there was a name for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21472" LastActivityDate="2024-03-25T16:03:00.350" Title="What was the shuffle called in Rocky III?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25302" CreationDate="2021-06-20T07:39:41.860" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I never was able to do it until I heard someone say &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Hit the ball up&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Once I imagined hitting up on the ball, ever so slightly, I started to get them in consistently, and by the end of the night I hit one over my parter's head!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you focus on something so simple as that, all the other pieces fall into place, i.e. &lt;em&gt;brushing the ball&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;7 o'clock-to-1 o'clock motion&lt;/em&gt;, and where to end your follow-through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently Naomi Osaka's coach uses an interesting drill to drive this point home: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/LiT-9LA3ONA?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T07:39:41.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24753" CreationDate="2021-06-20T08:05:04.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's easy to see, when teaching things like programming, how you have to have a solid understanding of the subject matter, in order to be able to explain and articulate ideas and concepts. It forces you to inspect things at a deeper level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, I have similar experiences. In order for me to explain a technique to someone, I sometimes stop and break down what I'm doing in my head, and try to figure out things like: &lt;em&gt;how am I moving?&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;why am I moving like that?&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;what am I trying to accomplish?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After doing this for so long, it forces you to understand the mechanics of tennis better, and how you can too improve, based on your new observations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, like with teaching programming, after teaching tennis for so long, you get to the point where you can solve seemingly complex things with a simple suggestion. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serve hits the bottom of the net&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Hold your hand in the air longer during the toss.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-20T20:21:19.163" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T20:21:19.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24375" CreationDate="2021-06-20T08:18:59.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just wanted to add, especially since I saw your note: change the pace. Constantly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what really helps me when I play against a kid around 10 years my junior, who can run down everything. Maybe set up a slow, low bouncing, slice to her, then after she hits it back, pounce on her weaker wing with pace or roll the dice and rush the net and make an angle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ash Barty is awesome at setting up points like this. Try watching some of her tactics maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-20T14:36:11.903" LastActivityDate="2021-06-20T14:36:11.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26012" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-21T12:23:11.957" Score="0" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a programmer looking at implementing the WASP predictor for cricket in python.&#xA;I could find one formula for calculating the target score in the first innings, in the blog: &lt;a href=&quot;http://offsettingbehaviour.blogspot.com/2012/11/cricket-and-wasp-shameless-self.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://offsettingbehaviour.blogspot.com/2012/11/cricket-and-wasp-shameless-self.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found one implementation in R: &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/sodhanipranav/WASP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://github.com/sodhanipranav/WASP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, none of these describe the actual calculations involved in getting a win probability percentage in the second innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did find one question asking for similar details, but at a non-programmer level.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3933/how-is-the-wasp-calculated-in-cricket&quot;&gt;How is the WASP calculated in cricket?&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;That question has no satisfactory answer either. Also, there's almost no literature about this elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you please tell how are the wasp scores -  win probability in second innings are calculated? Please provide the details: formulae involved and how each of the input variables are individually calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21477" LastActivityDate="2021-06-21T12:23:11.957" Title="WASP win probability prediction for cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-06-21T13:17:30.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26016" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-23T17:55:08.287" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team is winning by a cricket score in football, is stoppage time always played? Or can a referee put an end to it early?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21485" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2021-06-23T18:17:25.503" LastActivityDate="2021-06-23T18:17:25.503" Title="Is stoppage time always followed in football?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26016" CreationDate="2021-06-23T18:12:13.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the laws are followed strictly, then yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-duration-of-the-match/#allowance-for-time-lost&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.3 &amp;quot;Allowance for time lost&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; specifies that the referee allows for &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; playing time lost, with no provision to reduce it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, at more recreational levels of the game, it's not uncommon for the referee to be somewhat lax in their assessment of how much time was lost  if one team is winning by a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-06-23T18:12:13.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-23T18:32:00.960" Score="0" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Twice in my life I ran an obstacle course (the shortest distance available) and twice I was completely helpless at the quarter pipe. I wasn’t able to convince myself to try even once, the quarter pipe seems so scary to me. I hadn’t had such problems with other obstacles (even with a short ramp), but the quarter pipe scares the shit out of me.&#xA;I have a long story of undiagnosed general anxiety disorder (although I made a lot of progress in recent years thanks to therapy and medication) and that includes fear of heights.&#xA;I’m 49. Suggestions how to tackle the issue welcome. It’s a very humiliating experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21486" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-06-23T19:24:57.737" LastActivityDate="2021-06-28T22:17:57.410" Title="How to attempt a quarter pipe at an obstacle course?" Tags="|running|performance|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26043" CreationDate="2021-06-23T22:57:56.093" Score="0" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got the strings changed on my &lt;em&gt;Head Gravity Tour&lt;/em&gt;. Now it is noticeably more &lt;strong&gt;head heavy&lt;/strong&gt;. To the point where it feels like a sledgehammer instead of its usual scalpel-like precision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It had a set of &lt;em&gt;Head Rip Control&lt;/em&gt; on it before the change, and now has &lt;em&gt;Babolat Xcel&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a noticeable difference in weight between these two strings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there is noticeable difference between string types i.e. multifilament, poly, gut, but what about between the same type?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-06-25T22:53:49.253" LastActivityDate="2021-07-03T20:56:35.100" Title="Is there a noticeable difference in weight between different brands of multifilament strings?" Tags="|tennis|equipment|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24331" CreationDate="2021-06-25T21:31:12.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always played with a OHBH. It seemed more natural to me, and I thought it looked cooler too. I naturally was able to slice the ball, but getting good topspin on a OHBH always eluded me until I heard someone say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Look through the racket when you make contact&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, when you make contact with the ball, look at the ball through the string bed of the racket instead of looking at the ball in front of the racket. This can be done with an &lt;em&gt;eastern&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;extreme&amp;quot;-eastern&lt;/em&gt; backhand grip, index knuckle at bevel 1 or 2, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2ol9G.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2ol9G.png&quot; alt=&quot;Roger looking through the strings at the ball&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will force you to hit a little out front, enabling you to follow through with your arms in an &amp;quot;open wing&amp;quot; position like Wawrinka.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for a &lt;em&gt;slice&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;backspin&lt;/em&gt; OHBH you kinda &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; to look at the ball from the &lt;em&gt;front&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;side&lt;/em&gt; of the racket, as seen in the following image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GyZAW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GyZAW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Looking at the ball from the side.&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slices and chips can be done with continental grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that's the best advice regarding the OHBH, anything more is harder to explain through text. Most of the time when I tell these things to people I hit with, things start to click afterward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also see this article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.revolutionarytennis.com/federervisiontechnique.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.revolutionarytennis.com/federervisiontechnique.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-06-25T21:31:12.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4609" CreationDate="2021-06-25T21:48:27.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had a lot of problems with my arm that eventually culminated in &lt;em&gt;ulnar nerve transposition surgery&lt;/em&gt;. But that was years after they had begun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strength training does help, but don't focus on the problem area, that'll just make it worse. Focus on building up the muscles &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;around&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the problem area. If it's ulnar issues, start with your shoulders and work your way down your arm. That approach has helped me the most, especially with tennis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the most helpful stretch I've found is the same thing as making the &amp;quot;finger glasses&amp;quot; with your thumbs and forefingers, with your other fingers pointing down and resting on your cheeks (hands are inverted, palms touching face): &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/beKmfvOYtz4?start=172&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multifilament strings are life-savers for tingling and inflamed nerves. They are much more expensive, but really do make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, the continental grip is the grip pretty much everyone serves with. I wasn't sure I was gonna be able to do it with my arm after surgery, but it ended up not being a big deal. I'd say hold the racket looser, that seems to be what most pros do. I hold the racket loose and with part of my hand hanging off of the grip for groundstrokes, but when I serve my palm is nestled in the flair of the buttcap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This guy rocks when it comes to rehab stretches. He is former pitcher who has had nerve transposition surgery: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Orvm1S4UQao?start=279&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-06-25T21:48:27.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26025" CreationDate="2021-06-27T02:48:25.543" Score="2" ViewCount="1423" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the NBA 2021 playoffs with the Phoenix Suns playing and Chris Paul aka CP3 is a fantastic player.  Yet can’t find anywhere that explains what the ‘3’ stands for in his nickname CP3.  Does anyone know?  Is it his jersey number? Could it be that simple?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21499" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-05T21:07:48.307" LastActivityDate="2022-05-18T03:27:13.150" Title="What does the ‘3’ in Chris Paul’s nickname CP3 stand for?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26024" CreationDate="2021-06-27T03:30:58.607" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a family related nickname. Chris Paul's father's and older brother's Initials are also CP, making him the third person with initials CP, hence CP3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-06-27T03:30:58.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26018" CreationDate="2021-06-28T22:17:57.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Super afraid of heights here also. That being said, I also had to overcome this issue, skateboarding, when I was younger. The best thing to do, in my opinion, is to just keep trying it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more you attempt it, the more comfortable you'll be with &lt;em&gt;failing&lt;/em&gt;. I'm actually being technical here, you'll develop &lt;strong&gt;techniques&lt;/strong&gt; that will function as &lt;strong&gt;tools&lt;/strong&gt; that you can use when you fail. These tools will become second nature which will cause the fear to subside, albeit slowly, at least in my case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the longest time I tried to drop-in to a 10-foot quarter pipe. Not super tall, but tall enough to be scary to me. I was around 15 at the time, and little kids would come up and do it while I was still standing there trying to collect myself. This was embarrassing for me, as everyone was watching as I picked up my board and chickened out. The thing I was missing out on though was &lt;em&gt;everyone else's&lt;/em&gt; perspective. They just saw this kid walking up and trying to do something that scared the shit out of him, over and over again. Eventually that same day I did it, and everyone ended up clapping. They weren't being jerks about it, they were with me for the &lt;em&gt;journey&lt;/em&gt; and had seen me fail and fail, but my &lt;strong&gt;persistence&lt;/strong&gt; to see the task through was inspiring, no matter how trivial the task was in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Victory belongs to the persevering.&amp;quot;&#xA;-Napoleon Bonaparte&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later in life, I decided I wanted to challenge my fear of heights, so I started to get into rock climbing. I'm sure there's a local climbing gym near you somewhere where they provide top-roping. This would be a great option for you to get over your fear of heights, or at least to marginally disrupt it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-06-28T22:17:57.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26028" CreationDate="2021-06-29T18:01:31.093" Score="8" ViewCount="11954" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve noticed during the first few Wimbledon matches this year (it may have been there before, but this is the first time I’ve noticed it) that on the court-adjacent scoreboards, right underneath the names of the players, there is a sort of ‘countdown’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the start of the game, it seems there are three tennis balls underneath both players’ names. Sort of like this (taken from the Federer/Mannarino game I’m watching right now):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roger FEDERER&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;⚫ ⚫ ⚫&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adrian Mannarino&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;⚫ ⚫ ⚫&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At some point during the game – I haven’t been able to deduce exactly when – a tennis ball gets removed from one or the other of the players, sort of like when you lose a life in a computer game. Occasionally, they also seem to get restored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, towards the end of the fourth set in this game, when Mannarino was up 2 sets to 1, the scoreboard was down to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roger FEDERER&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;⚫ ⚫ ⚫&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adrian MANNARINO&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;⚫&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So two balls off for Mannarino, none for Federer. I’d noticed that it was down to two for Mannarino previously as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the fourth set ended and they were about to go back on court for the final set, however, it was back to being three each – so perhaps whatever it is is reset for each new set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly does this ‘tennis-ball countdown’ mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T15:33:24.160" Title="What do the tennis-ball ‘countdowns’ on scoreboards mean?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26027" CreationDate="2021-06-29T18:58:44.823" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're seeing how many challenges they have left (well, how many &lt;em&gt;incorrect&lt;/em&gt; challenges they have left) in the set.  See for example this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/tennis/wimbledon-2021-hawk-eye/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;RadioTimes article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Players are given unlimited opportunities to challenge a call in each set at Wimbledon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, once three incorrect challenges are made, that player can’t challenge again until the next set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the set goes to a tiebreak, an extra challenge is awarded to each player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-06-29T18:58:44.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26029" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-30T09:40:48.180" Score="0" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;I swim butterfly pretty often &amp;amp; in optimal conditions I can swim 11 strokes without breathing or 44 strokes breathing every stroke before I get so tired I can't swim anymore. Specifically when breathing every stroke for 44 strokes I almost feel like I'm breathing too much. However, if I switch to breathing every 2 strokes after 44 strokes I am usually too tired to continue swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious if anyone has advice for optimizing long distance butterfly breathing strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21510" LastActivityDate="2023-10-01T07:06:00.780" Title="Best breathing strategy for long distance butterfly" Tags="|swimming|butterfly|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15495" CreationDate="2021-06-30T11:57:28.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is broken down into 3 rulings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Let&amp;quot; - Your opponent is making their best effort to clear, and there's minimal obstruction. If the referee calls let, the point can be re-played.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;No let&amp;quot; - If you could have safely played the ball, but chose not to. In this case, your opponent wins the point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Stroke&amp;quot; - It's unsafe for you to play the shot without striking your opponent with the ball or racket. You will win the point in this case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no specific rules about how close an opponent must be to cause a Stroke call, so we just use the term &amp;quot;safe to return&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I'm playing a game with a friend without a referee, we usually default back to &amp;quot;Let&amp;quot;, and go again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note - I have (inadvertently) hit an opponent with a ball, and I've also been struck with a ball. It's a risk of playing an aggressive racket ball game, in a closed arena.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21511" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-06-30T12:20:45.460" LastActivityDate="2021-06-30T12:20:45.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26031" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-30T15:16:34.927" Score="9" ViewCount="3948" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't really care if it's the 1970s or 1980s. The point is that I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw footage of old hockey matches where the players had... no helmets. As if it were faked or something. It seemed like insanity to me, and I even heard somebody suggest that they used to consider the idea of wearing one to be &amp;quot;sissy&amp;quot;! As in, it was a manly pride thing to not wear any helmet for protection... which just seems beyond stupid to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soldiers have had helmets in wars/battles/while training for a very long time, even though they can easily be shot in the chest or elsewhere with no protection. Manly construction workers don't mind (to the best of my knowledge) wearing a helmet at the construction site due to the risk of falling hammers and whatnot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;On the other hand&lt;/em&gt;, I &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; taken up bicycling again recently after years of not leaving the house, and I don't feel the need to use a helmet even though I really thought I would feel scared for my life every second prior to actually sitting back on that saddle and pedaling around. Maybe it's the same thing here: you &lt;em&gt;imagine&lt;/em&gt; that it's oh-so-dangerous to be on the ice rink without a helmet, and enlarge the danger in your imagination, but in reality, you very rarely hit your head even if you &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; fall, and the hockey puck is very unlikely to come flying towards your face in practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I won't pretend to be any kind of sports expert or even fan, but I'm not aware of serious injuries to the head being a major issue for ice-hockey players prior to them switching to requiring helmets. Then again, maybe that was the reason that they did start using them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that they didn't use them for so long suggests to me that they weren't &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; necessary in the context of playing ice-hockey. What changed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21513" LastActivityDate="2021-07-01T19:06:37.760" Title="Did ice-hockey players actually not wear helmets until the 1970s-1980s?" Tags="|history|ice-hockey|injuries|helmet|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26031" CreationDate="2021-06-30T16:29:57.327" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;NHL players started wearing helmets for the most part &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportdecals.com/blog/hockey/a-look-at-the-history-of-nhl-hockey-helmets/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;after a player, Bill Masterson, died from a check&lt;/a&gt; that caused him to hit his head on the ice at speed.  That occurred in 1968.  The mandate was about a decade later:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[I]t took another ten years before the then-President of the NHL, John Ziegler, made protective helmets mandatory for all new incoming players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - yes, it was really in the late 1970s before &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; players were wearing helmets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/hockey/all-access/helmet-holdouts-the-last-players-to-wear-helmets-in-the-nhl&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SI piece&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NHL made helmets mandatory four decades ago. Any player who entered the league after June 1, 1979 had to wear a helmet, but any player who signed his first pro contract before then could opt out if they signed a waiver. During the 1978-79 season, about 30 percent of NHLers didn’t wear a helmet. Ten years later, though, and you could count on both hands how many helmetless players were left in the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Craig McTavish was the last player to not wear a helmet, who left the league  after the 1996-1997 season!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unrelated note: please do wear a bike helmet!  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.helmets.org/stats.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nearly 1000 people die annually from bicycle injuries&lt;/a&gt;.  Most of those are from head injuries - and of those who died, 97% were not wearing a helmet!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the statistically inclined: a study in 2006 showed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(16)30366-X/fulltext&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a 51% reduction in Traumatic Brain Injuries and a 44% reduction in mortality in helmeted riders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-07-01T13:55:08.060" LastActivityDate="2021-07-01T13:55:08.060" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26033" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-06-30T19:36:08.920" Score="2" ViewCount="683" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, when one team goes on a scoring run, you will often see the other team call a timeout to try to stop that team's momentum. Has there been any analysis that shows whether calling timeout is actually effective in stopping scoring runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-06-30T23:50:33.057" Title="Is calling timeout actually effective in stopping scoring runs by the other team?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26033" CreationDate="2021-06-30T23:50:33.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to a preprint article on arXiv titled &lt;a href=&quot;https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11691&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The causal effect of a timeout at stopping an opposing run in the NBA&lt;/a&gt;, the answer is no - in fact:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[W]hile comebacks frequently occur after a run, it is slightly disadvantageous to call a timeout during a run by the opposing team&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another article - &lt;a href=&quot;https://scholarship.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/bitstream/handle/10066/6918/2011PermuttS_thesis.pdf?sequence=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a senior thesis&lt;/a&gt;, so take that for what it is, though it is mostly a review of other articles - suggests that there is some evidence that teams calling timeout after a &amp;quot;run&amp;quot; of 6-0 will tend to have a better scoring ratio over the short term, but that runs tended to stop whether a timeout was called or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems likely that timeouts have either a minimal or no effect, given the split in the evidence.  This is consistent with other &amp;quot;momentum&amp;quot; related research in various sports, that consistently finds some small difference one way or the other - just like my flipping of a coin consistently finds some small amount of heads or of tails each time I flip it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-06-30T23:50:33.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26031" CreationDate="2021-07-01T17:43:44.627" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, and it's not because they were especially stupid. People even a couple generations ago were &lt;em&gt;dramatically&lt;/em&gt; less risk-averse than today. They accepted a certain risk of injury as part of playing professional sports, and they didn't consider the risk of a head injury as being particularly high (until, as Joe mentions, one incident caused a shift in perception). Taking special precaution against it was indeed seen as a bit silly. As you say in the question, when major consequences are rare enough, most people are happy to believe that it will never happen to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As quoted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/hockey/all-access/helmet-holdouts-the-last-players-to-wear-helmets-in-the-nhl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the SI article Joe linked&lt;/a&gt;, players felt that helmets reduced their field of vision, and so their situational awareness. What's more, the &amp;quot;sissy&amp;quot; argument actually holds a bit of water in competitive sports. If helmets are optional, if you're wearing a helmet and most players aren't, that signals to the competition that you're more concerned for the safety of your head than most people are... which will probably inspire them to threaten your head (as much as they can get away with) in order to mess with you, and they'll have less reservation about doing so because you have protection (again, from the SI article, Greg Smyth felt that &amp;quot;players might have been a bit more tentative&amp;quot; about attacking him during the games when he went helmetless, and Brad Marsh recalls that he received a lot more &amp;quot;dirty shots, elbows, high sticks, hits from behind&amp;quot; during the half-season of his career that he &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; wear a helmet). If, besides considering it unnecessary, players think that wearing a helmet will actually reduce their effectiveness, then that's going to put a drag on voluntary adoption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21521" LastActivityDate="2021-07-01T17:43:44.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26031" CreationDate="2021-07-01T19:06:37.760" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other answers cover a lot of ground, but I wanted to note that the game today is different than the game in the helmetless era. Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Geoffrion&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bernie Geoffrion&lt;/a&gt; is given credit for inventing the slapshot, and his playing career was from 1950-1968. Slapshots are much faster than other shots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita are credited with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/the-banana-blade-1.818142&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;curving the blades on their sticks&lt;/a&gt; in the 1960s, something that enabled harder and more unpredictable shooting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/shot-blocking-in-the-nhl-shifts-from-rarity-to-necessity/article4200369/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Blocked shots weren't a tracked statistic until 2005&lt;/a&gt;. Better protection has enabled it to be a viable option.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sticks used to be solid wood, but now are flexible composites that produce harder shots.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goaltenders used to play standing up, with the idea that their face would stay above the crossbar.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was dangerous to play without a helmet, but not as dangerous as it would to play without a helmet in the modern era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21523" LastActivityDate="2021-07-01T19:06:37.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14317" CreationDate="2021-07-02T00:21:21.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;tl;dr: It's safe to draw back and then return without firing. It's one of the ways you check your draw length, check peep hole alignment, and more.You should never &amp;quot;dry fire&amp;quot; a compound bow, and avoid it with traditional bows as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My sons and I are relatively new to the sport, but are fairly excited about (and active in) it now. Yes, you should never &amp;quot;dry fire&amp;quot; a compound bow. It's less of a problem with traditional (longbow or recurve bows) but still a good habit to not have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, a friend of mine dry fired my compound 3 times in a row, and this was the result (picture attached). $60 cam, $30 each for string and cable, and $75 for the tech at the bow shop to put it all back together. And honestly, that was getting off both cheap and lucky because the limbs didn't have any cracks in them from the strain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yGWcO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yGWcO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;picture of broken cam&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21524" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T00:21:21.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26038" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-02T17:53:14.540" Score="-1" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;If one team is down to 10 players and a game goes extra time are the sides equalized after extra time starts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21530" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T18:58:46.550" Title="Red Cards issued during regular time in Extra Time" Tags="|uefa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26038" CreationDate="2021-07-02T18:58:46.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; There's only one theoretical edge case in which a team with ten players could be allowed to even up the numbers again in extra time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A team uses up all their substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They then have a player come off injured, forcing them to play with ten players since they can't substitute on a fit one&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The tournament allows one extra substitution in the case of extra time (e.g. Euro 2020)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that scenario, they could theoretically (I'm not sure whether this is actually allowed in practice) bring on a fit player to replace the injured one and get back up to eleven men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other scenarios, the team with ten players would be forced to play on with ten, and their opponents would keep their numerical advantage (i.e. they wouldn't be forced to bring someone off to make it 10 v 10). As an example, the Euro 2020 match between Spain and Switzerland just finished, and the teams' numbers were not equalised in extra time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T18:58:46.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26041" CreationDate="2021-07-02T21:38:16.547" Score="0" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somewhere between 1996 and 2002 perhaps when I was a child, I distinctly remember seeing a bald goalkeeper getting a red card in either one of the World Cups or European championships. Sadly I can't remember the exact details other than the goalkeeper was bald, and outright agressive. Who would fit such a description?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21532" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T23:17:09.977" Title="Who was that specific goalkeeper who was so agressive he earned a red card?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26040" CreationDate="2021-07-02T23:17:09.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've checked every match from Euro 96, World Cup '98, Euro 2000, and World Cup 2002. I can only find one goalkeeper who was sent off at any of those tournaments: Belgian goalkeeper Filip De Wilde, who was sent off during a group match against Turkey at Euro 2000. He wasn't &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; bald, but he certainly was aggressive (and prone to mistakes), if this footage of his Euro 2000 performance is anything to go by. I've timestamped it to start with the red-card incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/DO7Ltal3UZM?start=28&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T23:17:09.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-02T23:39:06.310" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://mobile.twitter.com/SportsCenter/status/1411061096102907906&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SportsCenter&lt;/a&gt;, there are 0 champions remaining in the 2021 NBA Playoffs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ilNus.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ilNus.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;0 champions&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Suns have reached the NBA finals, but the Bucks and Hawks are still competing for the Eastern Conference Finals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When was the last time a conference final contained 0 champions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21535" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-02T23:45:56.493" LastActivityDate="2021-07-02T23:45:56.493" Title="When was the last time a conference final contained 0 champions?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26019" CreationDate="2021-07-03T20:56:35.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok, so I finally went to the local tennis shop today and weighed the two sets of strings. On their scale, the &lt;em&gt;Babolat Xcel&lt;/em&gt; strings, at .17 gauge  weighed 20g, while the .17 gauge &lt;em&gt;Head Rip Control&lt;/em&gt;s weighed 16g. I guess there can be a noticeable difference in weight between multifilament strings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-07-03T20:56:35.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26045" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-04T07:02:18.653" Score="0" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a (friendly) fencing competition I'm trying to setup some (new) rules. Since this is an internal competition between members of the club there is no requirement to be present at all the match days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the scoring on the day I am thinking of using the pool system so we have some matches. This seems like a fair option and is not what I am trying to figure out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However since we have 10 match days in a year I am trying to get a fair system (and relative simple to understand) to determine the overall winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The current system is that each competition day you get 1 to 8 points (depending on the pool ranking) or 0 points if you weren't there. For the overall winner the 3 lowest scores are removed and the rest is summed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this seems quite fair I'm not sure this is the &amp;quot;best&amp;quot; way of determining the overall winner. I am trying to optimize for presence so I would prefer that someone who is present at all the days and becomes 3rd each time would win over someone who is only present 5 times and becomes first each time. (In the current system the one who is present only half the time would win).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any better methods out there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &amp;quot;similar questions&amp;quot; I did find this (somewhat) related question. &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10387/fair-system-to-score-players-between-friend-games&quot;&gt;Fair system to score players between friend games&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Although there are some suggestions to use I think &lt;a href=&quot;https://rankade.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rankade&lt;/a&gt; is way too complex, &lt;a href=&quot;https://jogabo.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;jogabo&lt;/a&gt; is down and the rest is optimized for soccer instead of fencing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21540" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-04T15:44:48.163" LastActivityDate="2023-03-27T16:07:51.030" Title="Determining a fair overall winner in a fencing competition" Tags="|ranking|fencing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26422" CreationDate="2021-07-04T10:11:56.757" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;For players of the four nations that comprise the Lions being selected for a tour is seen as a major achievement in one's career. For Lions fans it can be a bucket-list trip and coverage of games shows many blocks of these fans at every match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for the host country it is once every 12 years that it happens, a player will need a long international career to appear twice and may not ever appear. As the Lions are a best-15 team from these nations are these matches actually seen as bigger than a individual touring nation? What is in it for host's teams and players for the tour matches and Test series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-04T15:46:29.260" LastActivityDate="2022-07-08T13:07:00.693" Title="Are the British and Irish Lions tours as significant for the host country as they are for the touring side?" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26047" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-04T14:46:28.540" Score="0" ViewCount="3756" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does a driver in (say) 13 place have a checkered flag but positions 4-12 have no flag yet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21542" LastActivityDate="2022-05-21T13:23:01.787" Title="In F1 why does the checkered flag appear when the driver has not finished and is further down in position?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26049" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26051" CreationDate="2021-07-05T15:00:48.153" Score="2" ViewCount="1514" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tought the habs being 0-3 in the stanley cups finals would make every sport news site in Montreal dig up every time a stanley cup reverse sweep happened to show there is still hope; but nobody seem to have done so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, historically speaking, what teams did complete a reverse sweep (wining 4 in a row when down 0-3 in a series)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-06T14:26:19.043" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T14:26:19.043" Title="History of reverse sweeps in the Stanley cups finals?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26045" CreationDate="2021-07-05T15:05:51.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general rule is that if you want to favour consistent performances over a few exceptional performances, you want a &amp;quot;flat&amp;quot; points structure where the &lt;em&gt;ratio&lt;/em&gt; between places is relatively small.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if you have a &amp;quot;spiky&amp;quot; structure where first place gets you 9 points, second place 3 points and third place 1 point (i.e. a ratio of 9:1 between first and third place), then you're going to favour people who do very well in one tournament and win it, rather than someone who consistently comes third in every tournament. An extreme example of this would be just to count wins, effectively setting the ratio to infinity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, a flat structure where first place gets you 10 points, second place 9 points, third place 8 points and so on down to 10th place (i.e. a ratio of 1.25:1 between first and third place) means that you favour the consistent performers, and it doesn't matter so much exactly which position they come in. An extreme (and probably silly) example of this would be just to count number of tournaments entered, effectively setting the ratio to 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-05T15:05:51.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26049" CreationDate="2021-07-05T15:37:51.413" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_teams_to_overcome_3%E2%80%930_series_deficits#Successful_comebacks&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of comebacks from 0-3 down in NHL playoffs (entirely, not just the Stanley Cup finals) is very short&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1942 Stanley Cup Finals (Leafs over Red Wings)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1975 quarterfinals (Islanders over Penguins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2010 conference semifinals (Flyers over Bruins)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2014 first round (Kings over Sharks)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-05T15:37:51.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26049" CreationDate="2021-07-05T15:54:21.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Stanley_Cup_Finals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1942 Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/a&gt; are the only team in the NHL history to make a comeback after being down 3-0 in the Stanley Cup Finals series. All other reverse sweeps were made in the first 3 rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-07-05T15:54:21.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26047" CreationDate="2021-07-05T16:52:15.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/flags_guide/default.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link on the BBC to Formula 1 Flags&lt;/a&gt; explains that the chequered flag is show to the race winner and every car behind them. The race is complete for those cars once the chequered flag is shown to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-01-21T10:22:18.647" LastActivityDate="2022-01-21T10:22:18.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26047" CreationDate="2021-07-06T05:36:37.740" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason for that is simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The race is over for any car crossing the finish line line after the winner and they cross the line in the order of cars on the track, which isn't necessarily the order on the scoreboard due to lapping of slow cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if a slower car was lapped and is now between the first and second placed cars they will finish the race &amp;quot;together&amp;quot;. The winner sees the chequered flag and so do all the following cars, regardless of how many laps they're behind. They will not be able to unlap those laps anymore and get ranked accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T05:36:37.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26057" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-06T11:42:45.160" Score="1" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;In particular I've noted two features about Italian teams that are fairly uncommon (not unknown, but uncommon) elsewhere, especially in other major football nations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stadium shares are very common even with world class teams. See the Milans for instance, two of the biggest teams in Europe, but they share a stadium.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand this is because they don't own the stadium, rather its owned by the city. But how did this state of affairs come to be in Italy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams often aren't named after where they're located. Of course, the teams often have very good reasons for being named what they are. But it is very common in Italy that teams are not named after their hometown; Juventus, Sampdoria, Lazio (named after the province), Atalanta, etc...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It strikes me that football in Italy must have evolved in a significantly different way to England, Spain, or Germany. Just what is the explanation here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15641" LastEditorUserId="12991" LastEditDate="2021-07-06T22:26:49.813" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T22:26:49.813" Title="Why do Italian football teams tend to be so different to teams in other countries?" Tags="|football|serie-a|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26058" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-06T15:05:19.043" Score="0" ViewCount="577" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a raider is caught by defenders, but crosses the line after 10 seconds, does he earn a point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21556" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-06T15:21:00.320" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T16:16:00.490" Title="In Kabbadi how much time does a raider have after being captured by a defender to escape?" Tags="|rules|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26058" CreationDate="2021-07-06T16:16:00.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The raider is out when they lose their chant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A raider shall continue to chant “KABADDI” as the approved cant. If he is not keeping the proper approved cant in the opponent’s court, he shall be declared out and the opponent will be awarded one point and the chance to raid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prokabaddi.com/prokabaddi-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Kabaddi Rules&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so as long as they maintain their chant (and manage to return to their court within the 30s raid limit if that applies in the match), then they get the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T16:16:00.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26061" CreationDate="2021-07-06T20:48:04.317" Score="7" ViewCount="666" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going in to their Euro 2020's semifinal match against Denmark, England haven't conceded a goal. Jordan Pickford, the goalie, has had 5 clean sheets in the tournament so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been a World Cup or Euros champion that didn't concede a goal all tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-07-17T07:31:00.053" Title="Has there ever been a Euros or World Cup champion that never conceded a goal?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|scoring|euro|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26060" CreationDate="2021-07-06T22:10:13.150" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there was no such champion neither in the men's World Cup nor in the men's Euros which didn't concede at least one goal during the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in pre 1976 Euros when championship basically consisted of a semifinal and a final game, champions would always concede at least a single goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best result so far can be attributed to Spain during &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Euro 2012&lt;/a&gt; when they won the tournament and conceded only one goal (in their very first game).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-17T07:30:29.967" LastActivityDate="2023-07-17T07:30:29.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26057" CreationDate="2021-07-06T22:21:56.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The naming thing isn't so odd. Often a club needs a name to distinguish it from other clubs in the same area, and just giving a more specific neighborhood doesn't cut it, because the club didn't start off wanting to represent a specific location as much as to embody some sort of ideal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many are named after some sort of classic ideal, like Atalanta. You'll find a Young Boys in Switzerland, which is basically what Juventus means. Ajax is another classical reference. Sparta (Rotterdam) as well. The classical civilizations were into their sports, hence the nod from 19th and early 20th century club founders. I think you might find a number of lower league teams in other countries named like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sampdoria is a contraction of two merging clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lazio I think we can give a pass, because it's common to name clubs after smaller or larger regions like Bavaria or St Pauli, or even all of Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Denmark some of the clubs are called B1909 or B93, which is literally &amp;quot;football club of {year}&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Sweden you'll find AIK, the &amp;quot;general or public football club&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10783" LastActivityDate="2021-07-06T22:21:56.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26063" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-06T22:22:08.420" Score="5" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;A tall goalkeeper can be quite intimidating for a penalty taker. Is there any research or statistics that actually shows that there is a correlation between goalkeeper height and penalty save rate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-07T03:32:03.903" LastActivityDate="2021-11-30T14:34:33.893" Title="Is there a correlation between goalkeeper height and penalty save rate?" Tags="|football|statistics|penalty-shot|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-07T18:16:17.933" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an adage in baseball that &amp;quot;sinkerball pitchers improve as the game goes&amp;quot;, that in particular the &lt;em&gt;sink&lt;/em&gt; improves - so sinkerball pitchers tend to give up a lot of fly balls in the first few innings but then get more sinking action later on, leading to sinkers actually sinking and yielding ground balls (or swing-and-miss).   (I can't immediately find this online, but it's a common adage from sportscasters; Steve Stone just mentioned it during the White Sox - Twins game on 7/7/2021).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is true - and I'm open to statistics otherwise - why?  If it's because being tired helps, why don't they just throw a few dozen extra pitches during warmup at full speed?  If it's something else... what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T10:39:50.930" Title="Sinkerball pitchers improving during games" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26065" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-07T21:40:25.103" Score="1" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, stoppage time is at the discretion of the referee. When the half time is full, they decide the time that is to be added by themselves, at their discretion, and then after that amount of minutes is passed, the referee can call the half finished at any time (but they usually wait for a moment where there is not a probable scoring play ongoing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I wonder, was there any statistical study, ever, if that stoppage time is usually about right on how long the ball was really in a 'dead-ball' state? Or does usually the referees under/over estimate the amount of time the ball was dead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(By a dead ball state I mean moments where there is no play, like when the players reset after a goal, or substitutions, injuries, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess such a study has been done at some point, I just have no clue where to look.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-07-07T21:40:25.103" Title="Is stoppage time representative of the true time that was lost?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20926" CreationDate="2021-07-08T01:01:59.657" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A yellow card during Kicks from the Penalty Spot does not relate to the yellow card during regular time. Thus the goalie can continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Re player sent off during Kicks from the Penalty Spot. The other team does not reduce its number of players. The reduction only refers to number of players during regulation time. If a player on Team A is injured and cannot be substituted anymore during regulation time, then Team B must remove one of its players for the Kicks from the Penalty Spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21570" LastActivityDate="2021-07-08T01:01:59.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26070" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26071" CreationDate="2021-07-08T19:17:38.067" Score="1" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any situations where a game's clock might be stopped that is not full or half time? Or is there nothing that could stop the clock that would not cancel/postpone the game outright?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-07-08T19:26:01.757" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T06:07:51.937" Title="Are there any situations in football where the clock would be stopped? (except half and full time)" Tags="|football|game-time|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26070" CreationDate="2021-07-08T19:28:47.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To take a pertinent example, the referee and tournament officials will be sensible when a serious injury happens to player. If the match needs to be stopped for an extended period of time, for example to allow an ambulance to attend to a player, nobody is going to say &amp;quot;keep the clock running and we'll play 3 hours of additional time&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe this is directly covered either in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/about-the-laws/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; or even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://documents.uefa.com/v/u/WVKcnryVkASzztwJjPBcIw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Euro 2020 regulations&lt;/a&gt; (there is nothing in Section 50 &amp;quot;Procedure in case of severe injury to players&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-08T19:28:47.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26070" CreationDate="2021-07-09T06:15:07.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no outside clock under FIFA (IFAB) rules. The referee decides how much time will be added at half-time or at the end of regulation time. If the officiating crew has communication equipment, the referee will advice the 4th official of the added time. The 4th then holds up the board indicating the minutes added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, NCAA soccer have time clocks. When time runs out the timekeeper sounds the horn to end the half or the game. If the ball was kicked towards the goal (keeper not able to get the ball, but the horn sounds before ball crosses the goal-line – no goal is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21571" LastActivityDate="2021-07-09T06:15:07.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26075" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-10T15:37:28.150" Score="1" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ashcroftsurgery.co.uk/pils/good-and-bad-sports/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; places squash on its list of sports with the highest risk of joint injury, while it places tennis on its list of lowest risk sports.  Assuming proper protective equipment is worn (e.g. goggles), does squash still have a much higher injury risky than tennis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21575" LastEditorUserId="21575" LastEditDate="2021-07-10T15:53:10.267" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T05:55:21.897" Title="Is squash much more dangerous than tennis?" Tags="|tennis|injuries|squash|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26076" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-10T19:55:59.073" Score="1" ViewCount="1272" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember there was a time when the NBA and/or college basketball's rule on buzzer beaters was that the shot would count as long as the ball left the shooter's hand before the buzzer sounded. It didn't matter if the clock had hit 0.0, it only mattered if the shot was released before the horn sounded. This meant that if the person controlling the horn had a delayed reaction, then it was possible for a team to win a game by making a shot that had been released after the clock hit 0.0 but before the buzzer sounded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did the rule change so that the clock and not the buzzer determined if a shot would count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2023-05-04T01:53:57.067" Title="When did basketball change the rule so that games end when the clock hits 0.0 instead of when the buzzer sounds?" Tags="|rules|basketball|history|nba|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26077" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-11T13:58:41.747" Score="6" ViewCount="517" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems common these days for tennis players to blow on their fingertips after winning a point. I've noticed it particularly with the server: they'll do an arm pump with clenched fist then open the fist and blow on their fingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were just one player I'd consider it superstition but at this year's Wimbledon tournament it seems very common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a known reason behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-07-11T14:58:54.760" LastActivityDate="2022-10-02T16:06:20.730" Title="Why do tennis players blow on their fingers after a point?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26080" CreationDate="2021-07-11T15:38:24.323" Score="7" ViewCount="3677" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I turned on the TV and wanted to watch the game for &lt;em&gt;third place&lt;/em&gt; of UEFA Euro 2020 between Spain and Denmark, but there was nothing. Why is there no match for third place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia, Belgium and England faced each other, and Belgium won 2-0 (1-0).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After doing some research, I found out that there was also no match for &lt;em&gt;third place&lt;/em&gt; at the previous UEFA Euro 2016 in France.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19871" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T01:36:58.893" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T09:27:05.717" Title="Why is there no match for third place for the UEFA Euro 2020?" Tags="|football|euro|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26079" CreationDate="2021-07-11T16:45:51.710" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The European Championships &lt;em&gt;used&lt;/em&gt; to have a 3rd-place playoff, but it was discontinued after Euro 1980. Attendance was poor (24,652 spectators in a stadium that could hold 81,000), and according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://theathletic.com/news/england-third-place-play-off-euro-2020/tffNedlzaj55&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Athletic&lt;/a&gt;, TV viewing figures were also disappointing. As a result, UEFA decided there simply wasn't enough interest in the playoff to justify continuing to hold it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted that attendance was poor throughout the tournament, but host nation Italy (one of the teams in the 3rd-place playoff) had consistently attracted crowds of 40-60,000 during the group stages. For their third-place playoff match to experience such a massive drop in attendance convinced UEFA that people simply didn't care about its outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By comparison, the third-place playoff at the 1978 World Cup attracted 69,659 spectators to a 74,624-capacity stadium, only 2,000 less than the attendance for the final. As a larger and more prestigious tournament, the World Cup is able to generate a much higher level of interest in its third-place playoff, and so has never seen fit to get rid of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T09:27:05.717" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T09:27:05.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26084" CreationDate="2021-07-12T01:23:38.927" Score="0" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Pittsburgh Pirates selected catcher &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10007568-henry-davis-selected-by-pirates-with-no-1-overall-pick-in-2021-mlb-draft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Henry Davis&lt;/a&gt; with the first pick of the 2021 draft. One consideration is that Davis is reportedly willing to sign for a below-slot amount of money, allowing the Pirates to spend more money in the later rounds of the draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that this information is correct, what advantages are there for a player to agree to something like this? Might a player reasonably think, &amp;quot;if I am signed number 1 &amp;quot;below-slot,&amp;quot; I'll still sign for more than if I signed for number 2 or number 3 &amp;quot;at slot?&amp;quot; Or is it more like that the number 1 pedigree will follow him years later when he becomes a free agent and signs for &amp;quot;real&amp;quot; money, so it is worth sacrificing some up-front money to get the number 1 draft slot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T14:12:29.580" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T14:24:58.727" Title="What advantage is there for a baseball player to be selected with a higher draft slot if he signs for &quot;below slot&quot; money?" Tags="|mlb|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26083" CreationDate="2021-07-12T14:24:58.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Draft slots are essentially irrelevant in baseball except for the limited purpose of setting an opening salary (which is by convention).  After the initial contract, it will make absolutely no difference.  There is no advantage in free agency due to draft position.  Any future contracts after the first will be based on his production, not the perception of him when he was drafted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sport baseball has one of the worst drafts.  Good players frequently are taken in later rounds and early choices frequently don't pan out.  For example, previous Pirates first overall choice Jeff King was an average starter, with a best of 30 home runs in a year at a time when McGwire and Bonds were chasing the Ruth/Maris records (60/61).  The best of the four previous Pirates' &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first_overall_Major_League_Baseball_draft_picks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first overall&lt;/a&gt; picks was Gerrit Cole, followed by King, Kris Benson (below average but an eleven year career), and Bryan Bullington (ten decisions in five years; left the MLB for Japan).  None of the four finished their career with the Pirates.  Cole is the only serious Hall of Fame contender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the four &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballhall.org/visit/hof-2021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt; inductees were first overall choices, although Derek Jeter and Ted Simmons were first round picks.  Larry Walker was an undrafted free agent.  Marvin Miller was inducted for his front office contributions, not playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between college and the minor leagues, draft picks are risky.  The best players may be in high school, while lesser players are finishing college.  And regardless, most players spend at least a year or two in the minors before they make it to the major league.  Basketball and football players start in the NBA (although that's changing) and NFL respectively, and drafting out of high school is much rarer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is quite possible that the Pirates would be better off signing all their late round choices than a first overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming your source is correct, Davis presumably expressed a willingness to sign a &amp;quot;below-slot&amp;quot; contract because he still expects to make more money that way than if he had waited until his natural position in the draft.  One &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prospectslive.com/mlb-draft/2021/5/11/2021-mlb-mock-draft-40-zwtc9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;draft prediction&lt;/a&gt; put him fourth.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/2021-mlb-draft-order-slot-values-and-bonus-pools-for-all-30-teams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;slot values&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1.  $8,415,300&#xA;4.  $6,664,000&#xA;-   $1,751,300&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for all we know, he might have fallen farther.  His agent would know more but might not be sharing.  Note that that difference would be almost enough to sign the Pirates' second round pick at slot value ($1,999,300).  Of course, he might not have signed at that level.  We don't know what they have discussed.  Perhaps he will get paid the $7,789,900 for being drafted second overall or something else.  That would be enough savings for their fourth round choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/mlb-draft-2021-top-50-players-with-vanderbilts-kumar-rocker-at-no-8-two-shortstops-in-top-three/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS Sports&lt;/a&gt; also had him as the fourth best player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that the other top prospects that the Pirates were considering might not have signed at all.  As high school players, Marcelo Mayer and Jordan Lawlar could refuse to sign, go to college, and then go through the draft again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also conceivable that he preferred the Pirates to other teams who expressed interest in him.  He's from New York, which is adjacent to Pennsylvania (where Pittsburgh is).  He had previous discussions with the Pirates when he graduated from high school.  They did not draft him then because they weren't willing to pay him what he wanted to forgo college.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also may be that other teams that were interested in him also wanted to pay below-slot.  In general, the top drafting teams need to fill a lot of positions.  If he were insisting on slot value, he might have fallen below fourth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T14:24:58.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26100" CreationDate="2021-07-12T16:49:27.323" Score="3" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have an old deflated soccer ball that I play with my dog. Often he will give up on kicking it and pick it up with his mouth. I say this is cheating. He insists it is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This got me thinking: If in a regulation game a player managed to somehow grab the ball with his mouth and carry it down the field, would this be against the rules? If so, what would the call be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's assume for the sake of this question that neither the ball nor the player are breaking any rules on their own (e.g. the ball is properly inflated).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21588" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T16:55:47.437" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T12:35:01.147" Title="Is carrying the ball with your mouth legal in soccer?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26085" CreationDate="2021-07-12T16:58:58.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Barring anything better, I would suggest that the following line from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/5371a6dcc42fbb44/original/d6g1medsi8jrrd3e4imp-pdf.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game (12.2)&lt;/a&gt; would apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play the&#xA;ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes&#xA;preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Holding the ball in your mouth would prevent a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury (to the player holding the ball), I imagine...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T16:58:58.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26088" CreationDate="2021-07-12T17:40:09.687" Score="2" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a team won the Champions league this season (say Chelsea) but in their current league season they finished outside of the fourth place (say Chelsea finished fifth in premier league). Are the champions given the champions advantage to again participate in champions league out of the rules? And can you name some example of this situation happening to any team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21589" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T18:44:01.967" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T19:01:47.007" Title="What will champions league authority do if the champions don't qualify for the next season's tournament?" Tags="|football|uefa|english-premier-league|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26087" CreationDate="2021-07-12T18:50:14.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened before. Liverpool won the champions league in 2004-05 season, but finished 5th in the EPL. They were given an exemption by UEFA and added to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_UEFA_Champions_League#First_qualifying_round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;first round  of the qualifying&lt;/a&gt; rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They managed to go through all qualification rounds and made it to the tournament that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UEFA later decided to allow the champions direct berth to the following year's tournament. Until 205-16 no association could send more than 4 teams to the Champions League. This resulted in the Tottenham Hotspurs missing out of the tournament despite finishing 4th in EPL in 2011-12 due to Chelsea winning the Champions league that year and ranking 6th in the EPL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 2015-16 associations are allowed a hypothetical 5th team so the winner of the Europa League or Champions League can make the tournament without booting out a 4th place team in domestic leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T19:01:47.007" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T19:01:47.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26089" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26091" CreationDate="2021-07-12T19:49:51.737" Score="2" ViewCount="2729" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand how the Tampa Bay Lightning were $18 million over the salary cap when they won the Stanley Cup in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess if theres a salary cap and you try to sign a contract or trade a player and it would land you over the cap the league would just step in to say 'no, there are rules and this would break them'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But no, they got to 18 million over the cap and still continued to play with all those players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how does one get above the salary cap and not seem to be penalized in any way? (and if there were penalities, what were they?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-07-12T19:53:52.490" LastActivityDate="2023-12-08T13:44:12.933" Title="How were the Tampa Bay Lightning 18 million over the cap?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|finances|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26089" CreationDate="2021-07-12T20:03:18.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Kucherov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nikita Kucherov&lt;/a&gt; and his injury. The NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) specifies that players' salaries are paid only during the regular season, and Kucherov was injured for the entire regular season, so counts as $0 against the cap - so the Lightning were &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; never over the cap at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this isn't anything &amp;quot;new&amp;quot; or something teams weren't aware of - &lt;a href=&quot;https://thehockeywriters.com/tape2tape-closing-the-patrick-kane-loophole/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;exactly the same thing happened with Patrick Kane in 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T20:03:18.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26089" CreationDate="2021-07-12T20:06:47.377" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are exemptions for injured players, where the team continues to pay the salary but it does not count to their cap. So, although Tampa Bay had a payroll over the cap, they did not actually exceed the cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They were able to have one of these players actually return for the playoffs, since the cap is for the regular season roster. A bit of a quirk of the rules, but still not really exceeding the cap as the rules define it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tampabay.com/sports/lightning/2021/06/11/two-words-about-nikita-kucherov-and-the-salary-cap-tough-noogies/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tampabay.com/sports/lightning/2021/06/11/two-words-about-nikita-kucherov-and-the-salary-cap-tough-noogies/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between Kucherov, Marian Gaborik, Anders Nilsson and a brief stay by Steven Stamkos, the Lightning spent roughly $18 million higher than the $81.5 million salary cap by putting players on the long-term injured list. This is completely within the NHL’s rules. The idea is that teams should not be penalized for losing a top player to a major injury, which is exactly what happened with Kucherov after his December hip surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the salary cap is not enforced during the postseason, Kucherov was free to return once his rehab was completed. (Which means the Lightning’s active roster is only about $9 million above the salary cap during the playoffs, but that’s splitting hairs.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21592" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T20:06:47.377" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26094" CreationDate="2021-07-12T20:14:01.727" Score="2" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm so damn confused every time I want to try to watch some european soccer to know what league is currently playing or what are the current stakes or anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every time I try to sit down to look into a team schedule it seems like they went from the NHL to the NBA. 90% of the teams on their schedules are different, they seem to go from local to international events, but that is not 100% clear to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know they qualify for different leagues over time and idk if these teams may play in more than one league at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what are the main stages of a season of european soccer? I'm gonna guess it loops on a yearly basis, but if I watch in july, what leagues may I expect to see? What is the loop from beginning to end? Its pretty confusing for a newcomer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-07-15T13:40:32.887" Title="How is a basic year of European soccer made?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26089" CreationDate="2021-07-12T20:16:25.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a textbook example of cap manipulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The salary of the players under the Long Term Injury Reserves (LTIR) doesn't count towards the salary cap for their team. The player is still payed, but it just doesn't count against the cap. This is to allow teams to replace a player while they're out with long term injuries. But once a player comes back the salary they earn from that point will be counted towards the cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the big caveat about the cap in the NHL is that, it's not in effect come playoff time! In the postseason you can go over the cap. This is the important part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the Lightning put Nikita Kucherov, arguably their best skater, on LTIR this season as he underwent hip surgery, used the cap the move freed up to sign and trade other pieces to help them during the regular season. Once the playoffs started, and cap wasn't an issue any more Kucherov was started playing and ended up scoring more points than any other skater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was clear that Kucherov was healthy enough to return during the season, but the Bolts made a tactical move where they sat him out and only brought him out for the playoffs to maximize their odds of winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some teams and players (notably &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tsn.ca/dougie-hamilton-carolina-hurricanes-lost-to-a-team-18-million-over-the-cap-1.1652562&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dougie Hamilton&lt;/a&gt;) didn't enjoy the move as they saw it as cheating the cap rules. However, the move had been done before as the Chicago Blackhawks had done the same thing in 2015. And in a bit of twist, the Tampa Bay Lightning were the only team at the time that requested a change to the rule so teams like Chicago wouldn't be able to repeat such manipulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T20:16:25.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26092" CreationDate="2021-07-12T20:41:53.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major difference between European sports and American sports is that teams compete in multiple &lt;em&gt;competitions&lt;/em&gt; during one season, as opposed to American teams which typically play in one competition only. To take English soccer, the top 92 teams will all compete in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A division of the Premier League / Football League - each team plays each of 19-23 other English&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; teams twice during the season, home and away.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The FA Cup, a single elimination knock out competition which just about every single football club in England down to the smallest recreational team can enter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The League Cup, another single elimination knock out competition for the top 92 teams only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most successful clubs in the previous season will also compete in one of the two UEFA competitions, the Champions League or the Europa League, against clubs from other European countries. It is possible for one team to win the Premier League, the FA Cup, the League Cup and one of the European competitions in the same season (the &amp;quot;quadruple&amp;quot; - a quintuple is not possible as one team cannot be in both the Champions League and Europa League in the same season).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While there is a schedule for when each competition takes place, they all overlap, &lt;em&gt;typically&lt;/em&gt; with Premier League, Football League and FA Cup matches on Fridays through Mondays, and League Cup and European matches on Tuesdays through Thursdays, but there are always exceptions and you will often have days when matches from four or even all five competitions happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On top of all that there are defined &amp;quot;international windows&amp;quot; when the Premier League and European football do not happen and players play for their national teams instead, often in World Cup or European Championship qualifiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. For historical reasons, those 92 teams include three Welsh teams.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-12T20:41:53.427" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26075" CreationDate="2021-07-13T05:55:21.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's been a long time since I've played, but I could see why they'd consider squash more dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First&lt;/strong&gt;, it's pretty much tennis, but shoved into a shoebox. There's no division between the players, and they have less reaction time. This all adds up to an increased probability of running into each other, and imparting damage to joints, e.g., sprained ankles, sprained wrists, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Second&lt;/strong&gt;, the rackets are lighter and the handles are much shorter and smaller in diameter, than in tennis, while the strokes are either similar or smaller, but surely more compact. This is fairly more difficult to articulate through text, but here goes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In tennis, the way to avoid joint injuries is to strive for &lt;em&gt;near-perfect&lt;/em&gt; technique, which will minimize pressure on the joints. This can be achieved in a few ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hold the racket with the butt cap in the palm of your hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This allows you to hold the grip looser. Which not only aids in staving off carpal tunnel, but can also allow the ball to go in the intended direction if accidentally shanked. I do not believe this is possible in racketball since the handles are significantly smaller and the racket is more likely to fly out of your hand. Gripping hard, and frequently doing so, causes carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The motion of hitting the ball in tennis is similar to &lt;em&gt;bunting&lt;/em&gt; the ball in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I explain this to people by telling them to imagine &lt;em&gt;throwing the racket&lt;/em&gt; at the ball instead of hitting the ball with the racket. This also encourages looser grip and less tension in the body. Again, with racketball, since there's not as much mass to the racket, and since the stroke is so much more compact, I don't believe this is possible to accomplish, or at least not to the same scale. This means you're relying solely on muscle for power, which will cause swelling in the muscles, and pressure on the joints, not to mention higher impact on the joints since you're actively gripping harder, again, causing carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Step into the ball for power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this is obviously possible to do in racketball, since the proximity to other players is so small, it makes it more difficult to do consistently. Since you're not &lt;em&gt;stepping into the ball&lt;/em&gt; for power, this means the only other way to get power is to &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;muscle through it&amp;quot;,&lt;/em&gt; which encourages more tension in the muscles and in turn more pressure on the joints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After dealing with the fallout of cubital tunnel syndrome, which resulted in nerves being surgically relocated, I pretty much understand the idea is to avoid tension as much as possible. I hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T05:55:21.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26096" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26099" CreationDate="2021-07-13T06:04:57.273" Score="3" ViewCount="946" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I watched Starcraft II being played in an esports tournament and I thought:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;This asymmetry between the different races really makes the game interesting! Sadly, in normal sports something like this does not happen. Right?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched a bit and actually couldn't find anything in that regard, so here is the question for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any real world sports, where the rules/allowed tools are very different for the different teams/single players?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarification:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am explicitly not looking for sports, where there are momentarily differences between players (like in Baseball), but over the overall course of the game every team gets to play the same roles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This sport should be a real sport that is played by professionals somewhere, not some schoolyard kids game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I know of MMA tournaments, where very different techniques are used, but the underlying rules are the same, so this is not eligible as an answer, too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21594" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-13T06:19:38.857" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T19:35:03.900" Title="Asymmetrical real world sport" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26076" CreationDate="2021-07-13T08:28:07.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like this was a consequence of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Tucker_Rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trent Tucker rule&lt;/a&gt;, which took effect for the 1990-1 season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_l.html?nav=ArticleList&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rules of the National Basketball Association&lt;/a&gt; state&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOT UNDER 0.3 must expire on the game clock and shot clock when a ball is thrown inbounds and then hit instantly out-of-bounds. If under 0.3 expires in such a situation, the timer will be instructed to deduct AT LEAST 0.3 from the game clock and shot clock. If, in the judgment of the official, the play took longer than 0.3, he will instruct the timer to deduct more time. If under 0.3 remain on the game clock when this situation occurs, the period is over. If under 0.3 remain on the shot clock when this situation occurs, a shot clock violation is called.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The game clock and shot clock must show at least .3 in order for a player to secure possession of the ball on a rebound or throw-in to attempt a field goal. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instant replay shall be utilized&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; if the basket is successful on this type of play and the game clock runs to 0.0 or the shot clock expires on a made basket and the officials are not reasonably certain that the ball was released prior to the expiration of the shot clock. The only type of field goal which may be scored if the game clock and shot clock are at 0.2 or 0.1 is a “tip-in” or “high lob.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; added.  Basically since then, instant replay is used to determine whether or not the play actually got off on time.  Prior to that, the officials would use their best judgment, which would be partly reliant on the timekeeper's buzzer.  But with instant replay, they can review the buzzer and clock as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently this took effect in the WNBA (1997) and college (FIBA; 2010) later.  And of course this would only happen if the game is being recorded.  That's true of all professional games but may only be true of some collegiate games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual answer to the question might be the 2002-3 season, as that is when the NBA adopted &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay#Basketball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;instant replay&lt;/a&gt;.  The Trent Tucker rule dates back to 1990, but reviewing it with instant replay is newer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-07-13T08:41:11.580" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T08:41:11.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26096" CreationDate="2021-07-13T11:21:51.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe ice hockey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not a huge difference, but for face-offs, the visiting player must place his stick before the home player, so the home player can adjust the position to his advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From NHL rules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=25008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=25008&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the face-off takes place in any of the end face-off circles, the players taking part shall take their position so that they will stand squarely facing their opponent's end of the rink, and clear of the ice markings. The sticks of both players facing-off shall have the blade on the ice, within the designated white area. The visiting player shall place his stick within the designated white area first followed IMMEDIATELY by the home player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17771" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T11:21:51.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26096" CreationDate="2021-07-13T11:37:08.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any sports where such an asymmetry is &lt;em&gt;directly&lt;/em&gt; encoded into the rules of the game. However, such asymmetries do exist as different strategies evolve &amp;quot;naturally&amp;quot; from the rules of a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly the best example of this is in table tennis, where a majority of players are &amp;quot;offensive&amp;quot; players who (dramatically oversimplifying) attempt to win points by hitting the ball hard and fast. However, there are a number of &amp;quot;defensive&amp;quot; players who instead attempt to return the ball relatively softly with large amounts of spin, and induce the opponent into making a mistake. The two styles of player play with what are actually significantly different equipment (&amp;quot;pimples in&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;pimples out&amp;quot; rubber on the rackets), and it is very rare for a player to be skilled in both styles. While this offensive-defensive distinction isn't directly encoded into the rules of the game, it is &lt;em&gt;implictly&lt;/em&gt; encoded in the rules in terms of the regulations around the rubbers on the rackets, and the rules have been tweaked on various occasions to ensure that both the offensive and defensive strategies remain viable at the highest level. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fvnMG4btFw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This YouTube video featuring highlights of Joo Sae-hyuk, a defensive player, nicely demonstrates the two styles&lt;/a&gt; - even the points that Joo wins with an offensive stroke are because he used defensive strokes to get the opponent out of position first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find examples of this in other sports; another case worth looking at is that of ski-jumping in the early 1990s, when there was a split between the traditional style of jumping with the skis parallel and the new style with the skis in a v-shape. Both styles co-existed for a number of years with the v-style producing greater distances, but the traditional style being given higher style points until the rules were changed to remove the style penalty for the v-style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Professional cycling is another interesting case here: while the winner of the Grand Tours (Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España) is a generalist, it is perfectly possible to have a successful professional career as a sprint specialist who isn't even attempting to win the race itself, but instead focuses on winning flat stages; the most recent example of this is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Cavendish&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Cavendish&lt;/a&gt; who as of 13 July 2021 has won 34 stages in the Tour de France, joint most in history with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Merckx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eddy Merckx&lt;/a&gt;. Again, support for this style of rider is implicitly encoded in the structure of the races by including a number of flat stages, which very rarely affect the overall outcome of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-07-13T12:22:27.757" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T12:22:27.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26085" CreationDate="2021-07-13T12:35:01.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a similar question about &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/411/walking-the-ball-across-the-line-for-a-goal/4452#4452&quot;&gt;squeezing the ball between two feet and hopping across the field&lt;/a&gt;. The answer that @studro gave there applies here as well. The questions though are not duplicates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An indirect free kick can be awarded to the opposing team because of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LOTG 12.2&lt;/a&gt; as already mentioned by @Joe&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any&#xA;action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to&#xA;someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a&#xA;nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or the referee may decide to caution the player for unsporting behaviour. Trying to grab the ball with your mouth/teeth and to game the system can be considered a lack of respect to the game. From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LOTG 12.3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cautions for unsporting behaviour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;shows a lack of respect for the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12991" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T12:35:01.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26096" CreationDate="2021-07-13T15:30:25.587" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having different rules for a single player is not uncommon. Most sports that have a goalkeeper, have special rules that only apply for that position. These rules are mostly there to protect the goalie or because of their special equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Soccer, the goalies can touch the ball with their hands, something no other player on the pitch can. But also they're more protected than other players and pushing and hitting them results in fouls easier and more often than other positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ice Hockey goalies get bigger sticks, can't advance the puck past the center line, and can't touch the puck behind the goal outside of the trapezoid area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sports like Lacrosse and variations of Hockey since the goalies are allowed more padding for their own protection as they're shut at repeatedly at high speeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But perhaps the king of asymmetry is American Football! Each position has its own rule set. Here are some that come to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most famously, quarterbacks are heavily protected by rules from getting hit. Hitting QBs has its own rules, and also depends where they are on the field (ex. in vs out of the pocket). Also a simple tap on their head can result in a penalty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offensive linesmen also have some extra protection in terms of getting hit for their, in fact the rule to not hit offensive linesmen below the knees lead to them becoming so large in size.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Certain players (offensive linesmen) can't run down the field based on their jersey numbers before the ball is thrown down the field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Punt and kick returners cannot be hit once they signal fair catch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Punters cannot be ran into during their kicking motion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T15:30:25.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26096" CreationDate="2021-07-13T19:35:03.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would think one of the examples that most similarly mirrors the SC2 example would be tennis: while both players play on the same court with the same ball, each player chooses their racquet ahead of time and there are a variety of factors towards choosing the racquet and string that could provide benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples of individual factors chosen by the player for their racquet before coming to the match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the size of the racquet: larger racquets have larger sweet spots and provide more surface area to hit the ball, but they are heavier and harder to swing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the type of string: tennis racquet string comes in a variety of natural and synthetic materials that offer different properties. One is the texture/shape of the string; &amp;quot;rough&amp;quot; strings with a polygonal shape provide more friction and thus more spin to the ball. Softer, fibrous strings give an increased &amp;quot;feel&amp;quot; and control on impact. Oftentimes players will choose a different type of string for the &amp;quot;mains&amp;quot; (the strings that run vertically on the racquet) and the &amp;quot;crosses&amp;quot; (the strings that run horizontally) for a blend of the two properties and to suit their playstyle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the tension of the string: when a racquet is strung, the strings can be placed under specific amounts of tension to alter the properties of the racquet. Stringing a racquet with higher tension gives the racquet more control as the string will deform and shift less on impact, while lower tension increases the trampoline like nature of the racquet and delivers more power.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Altogether, a player that wants to maximize their power might choose a larger, more loosely strung racquet than a player that wants to maximize their control and maneuverability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are some considerations for tennis (and any other strung racquet sport like badminton, etc) to be argued as an asymmetric game, although the factors are relatively small in comparison to something like different races in SC2. If the game was completely symmetrical, I'd expect both players to have to use a standardized racquet or have to exchange racquets at some point during the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe a more drastic example would be motorsport divisions that are not &amp;quot;spec&amp;quot; (ie they all use the exact same chassis, engine, suspension, etc). Each racer is all racing the same course, but if they are in different cars will different capabilities, that would seem pretty asymmetric to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21598" LastActivityDate="2021-07-13T19:35:03.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26092" CreationDate="2021-07-15T13:40:32.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major soccer countries in Europe (including Spain, Italy, Germany, England, France) roughly have their season run from late Summer to late Spring the following year. Then the knockout competition(s) will run at different times, usually within that time frame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in England, a Premier League or Championship team will not start playing in the FA Cup until January with the Final being held in mid to late May (around the end of the Premier League season). For teams lower down the pyramid then the FA Cup starts earlier in the season for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find the most exciting months for the major countries to be March to May when most of the leagues and competitions start coming to their conclusion and the matches have a bit more significance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In July the leagues you are most likely to see are the smaller premier division leagues in countries that have their season run from spring to autumn as opposed to the summer to spring. This is often due to weather limitations of winter and/or soccer having to compete with alternative sports. But you will also find pre-season (friendly) matches taking place in the major countries in July in preparation for the season starting in August.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer ignores the effect covid-19 has had on the scheduling over the past year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2021-07-15T13:40:32.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-15T15:36:00.090" Score="10" ViewCount="1303" Body="&lt;p&gt;[Yes, I know the ball can be in without touching the line if it’s on the inside, just couldn’t think of a better, succinct title.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, the Nordea Open clay tournament is being played in Båstad, Sweden. They have a Hawkeye challenge system in place, of the ‘real bounce’ type where you see a super-slow-motion black-and-white shot of the ball landing, recorded by an actual camera, rather than just computer graphics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of days ago, I was watching a match (I think it was Albot vs Rune, but I’m not sure), and one of the players challenged a close call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slow-replay showed quite clearly that even at the maximum point of contact – when the ball is compressed the most vertically and has its widest horizontal area of contact with the ground – no part of the ball actually &lt;em&gt;touched&lt;/em&gt; the line. It was equally clear from the side shot, however, that the ‘outermost’ part of the ball as a whole &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt; right above the very edge of the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if viewed from above, the circular outline of the ball would obscure perhaps a millimetre of the line; but when viewed from the side, you could see that the part that obscured the line was not in contact with the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the slow-replay, I assumed that the ball would be called out, but it was in fact called &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt;, and the simplified graphic showing the outline of the ball and the line showed the ball as &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; obscuring part of the line (as if seen from above, not the side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All references I can find, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://officialtennisrules.com/category/tennis-line-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Tennis Rules&lt;/a&gt;, specifically mention the ball &lt;em&gt;touching&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;hitting&lt;/em&gt; the line, which in this instance it did not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on what basis was the ball called in by the VAR system here, then? Does ‘touch’ in practice actually refer to obscuring from above (whether or not there’s physical contact)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T10:10:21.450" Title="Can a tennis ball be in without touching the line?" Tags="|rules|tennis|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26110" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-16T19:04:35.637" Score="0" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mmamania.com/2021/7/15/22572007/joe-rogan-bone-break-conor-mcgregor-chris-weidman-ufc-264-mma-news&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.mmamania.com/2021/7/15/22572007/joe-rogan-bone-break-conor-mcgregor-chris-weidman-ufc-264-mma-news&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210716190527if_/https://www.mmamania.com/2021/7/15/22572007/joe-rogan-bone-break-conor-mcgregor-chris-weidman-ufc-264-mma-news&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;), quoting Joe Rogan:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There’s been a ton of breaks over and over again. People are getting good at breaking people’s bones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are bone breaks in MMA more common nowadays than in the past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2021-07-16T19:10:37.447" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T14:13:44.383" Title="Are bone breaks in MMA more common nowadays than in the past?" Tags="|injuries|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26110" CreationDate="2021-07-16T20:04:05.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps! But it really depends what specific time period you're referring to. Just saying &amp;quot;Past&amp;quot; doesn't specify what time period you (or Joe Rogan in this case) are referring to. I'm not gonna provide any numbers to confirm or dispute that hypothesis in this answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been a number of bone breaks in the past few UFC events, notably the bone breaks of Jacare Souza, Chris Weidman, and Connor Mcgregor. But to truly be able to compare increase of bone breaks (or any statistical event) you need a large enough control group and experiment group. I don't think there's a big enough sample size of the experiment group in this case, just looking at the past couple of pay-per-view events. Whilst this hypothesis may be true, there has been a number of bone breaks to some of the more known names in UFC recently, promoting jumping to conclusions without supporting data. Also need to narrow down what is considered a bone break. Is a broken nose counted too? Or are you just referring to limbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grYEGs42Tvs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chael Sonnen did a video&lt;/a&gt; just on the same topic today. And he pointed out that greatest Jiu Jitsu skill differential existed when Royce Gracie fought in early days of UFC. Although that put him in a huge advantage to break opponent bones, he didn't, as he let his opponents tap under submissions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few things in my mind to note, comparing bone breaks of now, to the past:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Need to define &amp;quot;now&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;past&amp;quot; with similar amount of fights between those 2 periods&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Many bone breaks go without becoming a major talking point. Far more common bone breaks, in days past, and present, are those not often talked about. Many fights result in broken noses, jaws, hand, toes, ribs, orbital bones, etc. I doubt there's been a huge spike of such bone breaks overtime, though I wouldn't be surprised if there's been a steady rise in those. I don't think that's what you're asking either, and you're rather thinking of major limb bones.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The quality of athletes has raised steadily, so the technique and aggression should be at higher levels. This means the defensive skills have also been raised too. So I'm not sure how this relates to bone breaks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There has been a number of notable limb bone breaks recently, but how many more in the past 2 years? Yes we've seen a number of those recently, but the sample size is very small.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are more fighters that either don't tap under submissions which results in broken bones or torn ligaments (ex: Tony Ferguson), or fights go on far longer than should've due to referees not stopping the fight soon enough or the corners not throwing in the towel (ex: Anthony Smith getting mauled by Glover Teixeira to the point his teeth were falling out)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The style of fighting goes over changes every few years and also over time. We're in a era where kicks are very common, and they inherently increase odds of injury, including broken bones, specially when checked. Or creating so much pain in a leg that the opponent becomes relatively stationary and more prone to KOs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are far more fights nowadays than decades ago. In all of the 90s UFC had 27 events. But the UFC does that now in just over 2 years, but if you include the weekly fight nights, 27 events happen just over 6 months. So with the increase in number of fights, occurrences of events, such as bone breaks have also increased. But has the rate also increased?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Recency bias is a thing and we tend to remember recent events in more details then past, and over exaggerate them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In summary, without proper sample sizes and exact criteria for bone breaks, we can't answer if they've become more common. MMA fights are happening at a higher rate than before, so the occurrence of such event is higher, but we need to look at the rate of such events. If there's a database that keeps track of broken bones in MMA over time, we could study the data and see if there truly has been a raise in amount of broken bones. Otherwise, we can debate and speculate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-20T14:13:44.383" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T14:13:44.383" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25968" CreationDate="2021-07-19T11:55:45.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might find TV/press calling it a 'slam-dunk' or similar but there is no official description for it. In a parallel universe where that shot goes in but it lands on the green and rolls in I’d wager that the player’s celebration would be no different in that youtube video. An ace by Tiger Woods is described as ‘on the fly’ &lt;a href=&quot;https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2020/04/13/how-many-holes-in-one-has-tiger-woods-made-in-his-life-118894/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. I cannot find a video of it but would guess that that went straight in the hole as well. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/golf/2014/10/26/7074409/will-mackenzie-hole-in-one-mcgladrey-classic-2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;You get both 'slam dunk' and 'on the fly' for this article and video&lt;/a&gt; and the player doesn't even know it has gone in!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a spectacle a ball that goes straight in can be less exciting for the crowd and TV as it is over and done straight away, anyone who lost sight of the ball in the air would probably miss it. The Sunday pin on the 16th at Augusta is in a location that makes holes in one relatively common but the player has to land the ball towards the centre of the green and let the slope bring the ball down towards the hole. Fans know this so when the ball lands in the right area the anticipation builds as it tracks towards the hole. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLZ9QSfNsbo&amp;amp;ab_channel=SkySportsGolf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In this highlight reel&lt;/a&gt; seven of the ten clips are from the 16th hole and only one player hits the ball straight at the hole (no. 5 Charley Hoffman) and judging by his body language and cry of ‘no’ at 2:17 he is not happy with the shot (until it goes in of course). Then &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lzuoTarQjs&amp;amp;ab_channel=TheMasters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is Jon Rahm taking the total opposite approach to a slam-dunk ace on the 16th in a practice round (in sadly crowd-less circumstances).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless you are playing in exceptionally soft conditions, a ball that hits the hole direct is actually not quite as a good a shot as one that lands on the green and rolls into the hole. If the ball lands just 3 inches either side of the hole it could run through to the back of the green. A ball striking the flag stick can go anywhere, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1WzFfq0qSM&amp;amp;ab_channel=PGATOUR&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;as shown in this video&lt;/a&gt;. I have never had an ace but I have holed full, pitch and chip shots from off the green, the ones that landed straight in the hole have always been mishits. Perversely the better a player is at golf the less likely they are to aim straight at the hole, they are more likely to aim at a landing zone on the green (but maybe not near the hole) which limits the risk of the mishit but maximises their chance of birdie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it is custom to buy everyone a drink in the bar after the round if you get a hole in one. A playing partner may have to buy their own drink if they start splitting hairs over how the ball ended up in the bottom of the cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-10-26T08:03:40.213" LastActivityDate="2023-10-26T08:03:40.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26114" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26115" CreationDate="2021-07-19T15:12:33.077" Score="1" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;No other sports does it. That their big tournament is THE WORLD SERIES when all teams are US or at least North American based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the MLB, its the world series. Even if they are not the only baseball league in the world. And all teams except one are US based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the logic of calling it the 'World Series'? Is there an excuse somewhere, or is it just because the MLB wants to sound important?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-20T21:32:10.567" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T21:32:10.567" Title="Is there any logic why it's the World Series in the MLB?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|world-series|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26114" CreationDate="2021-07-19T15:19:28.070" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's actually not named that way to suggest the best team in the world. Back in the day, a newspaper called the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_World&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;World&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; used to sponsor the championship series, and  so it was dubbed &amp;quot;The World Series&amp;quot; and the name stuck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: Upon doing more research, the series being named after the newspaper is disputed. In the late 1800s number of teams from the NL and AA (American Association) used to meet to figure out the best team in baseball. But there was no proper structure to it as we see today. So in early 1900s a new series &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rulesofsport.com/faq/why-is-the-world-series-called-the-world-series-if-only-american-teams-play.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was proposed&lt;/a&gt; to settle which team was the best and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series#The_original_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;promoted&lt;/a&gt; as &amp;quot;The Championship of the United States&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;World's Championship Series&amp;quot; and so shortened to &amp;quot;World Series&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-19T18:25:10.487" LastActivityDate="2021-07-19T18:25:10.487" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26117" CreationDate="2021-07-19T22:24:06.083" Score="2" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain this strategy? In stage 19 of the 2021 Tour de France, Pogačar (Yellow Jersey) and anyone else in the top 10 of the general classification remained in the peloton and as such finished a good 20 or so minutes behind the stage winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can understand why a cyclist might want to take it easy for a bit and not give it his all in every single stage (at the risk of wearing himself out) but this seems very risky this late in the competition. The cyclists in position 2 - 10 were all well inside 20 minutes of his accumulated time so if any one of them made a break for a high ranking position in this stage they would easily take the yellow jersey. And then I'm also wondering, why didn't they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it simply that he knows the position of every challenger for the jersey (through radio communication with his coach or something?) and so they couldn't possibly sneak off so he felt he could easily keep up with them if they did? And then they know that he knows that so they don't bother to try?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-07-21T06:03:47.837" LastActivityDate="2021-07-21T06:03:47.837" Title="Why did the yellow jersey and challengers (in the peleton) wait so far back during stage 19 of the 2021 Tour de France?" Tags="|strategy|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26116" CreationDate="2021-07-19T23:01:39.470" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it simply that he knows the position of every challenger for the jersey&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Precisely this. Everybody knew that none of the GC contenders were in the breakaway, so the teams were content to let them go and save their efforts for the stage 20 time trial - to win the stage, if not the yellow jersey itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-19T23:01:39.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26119" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26120" CreationDate="2021-07-20T17:38:39.080" Score="5" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it weird that for some reason, the Knights are not included in the list of teams that will have to sacrifice a player to the Kraken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reasoning with this? Is it that they are too new a team and they are given a chance by not letting one of their players get taken, or it's that the 30 picks system lands on a nice number and they decided to not change it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-22T15:24:21.233" LastActivityDate="2021-07-22T15:24:21.233" Title="Why will the Knights not have any of their players picked by the Kraken?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|expansion|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26119" CreationDate="2021-07-20T17:44:07.677" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because the Golden Knights are a recent expansion team themselves, and so they don't have to give up a player to Kraken, the newest expansion team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is based on the agreement the Knights made when joining the league. They wouldn't be part of the expansion draft for a number of years, but also wouldn't get a share of the expansion fee either. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/31811624/how-nhl-expansion-draft-work-seattle-kraken-schedule-format-rules-players-available&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; ESPN article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Golden Knights do not have to give up a player in the expansion&#xA;draft, a deal owner Bill Foley struck with the NHL in their original&#xA;franchise agreement in 2016. The only downside for Vegas? Foley&#xA;doesn't get a cut of Seattle's $650 million expansion fee, which&#xA;equates to a $21.67 million check for the other 30 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also as a side note, most NHL expansion teams over time tend to take years, sometimes even a whole decade, before becoming contenders. The Knights are an exception to the trend. Had they followed the usual trajectory, they would've been a mediocre team, with little expectation to be part of the expansion draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-20T18:01:04.327" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T18:01:04.327" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26121" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For questions regarding MLB's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26122" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" Score="0" Body="For questions regarding MLB's World Series" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" LastActivityDate="2021-07-20T21:34:12.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26123" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-21T11:59:52.890" Score="1" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a player plays the ball between his own posts it is called an &amp;quot;own goal&amp;quot; and a goal is awarded to the opponents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a similar word for a goal scored correctly between the opponents posts to distinguish from an own goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose it would usually just be called a &amp;quot;goal&amp;quot; but sometimes you might want to be specific, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &amp;quot;When playing against Leicester in 1976, Chris Nicholl scored 4 times. 2 own goals and 2 ____ goals.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2021-07-21T17:17:42.757" Title="Is there a word for a goal scored between the opponents posts (as distinct from an own goal)" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26123" CreationDate="2021-07-21T17:17:42.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term for sending the ball past the opponent's goal line into the net is &lt;em&gt;goal&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;The term for sending the ball past one's own goal line into the net is &lt;em&gt;own goal&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're putting the emphasis on the wrong part. Instead of distinguishing goals from own goals, you should distinguish own goals from goals - &amp;quot;own goal&amp;quot; is a term exactly for that purpose. Special occurrences of events take special names, and general events don't require specific name. Own goals are the special occurrence of goals in this scenario, and have a special name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-07-21T17:17:42.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-21T19:13:46.250" Score="1" ViewCount="587" Body="&lt;p&gt;Similar to NCAA softball game several years ago, youth baseball player hits homerun over fence and touches all bases except home plate during celebration.  Player celebrates with team and gets to within a few feet of dugout, while the umpire does not signal time, hands new ball to catcher, and turns to walk back to position.  Catcher talks to umpire with clear and audible intention to appeal missed base.  Batter being pushed back to touch the base by coach on team runs back to homeplate and catcher tags the batter.  Batter called out.  Are rules same in baseball as softball, that the tag is sufficient after communication to the umpire, or does the batter still have the opportunity to touch the base before the pitcher to fielder appeal process?  (Interesting in this situation as the umpire avoided the controversy of the appeal, by calling the runner out because of the coach interference to aid the &amp;quot;runner&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21620" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-21T19:21:07.263" LastActivityDate="2022-04-10T17:34:42.947" Title="Batter Misses Home Plate on Home Run Appeal Process" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26127" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26128" CreationDate="2021-07-22T01:32:05.733" Score="3" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always wondered. Most uniforms in the olympics for canada are, well, red, white, or a combination of the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for cycling, where, since I can remember watching the olympics, the uniforms are a light blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anybody knows why? Seems VERY illogical and I really wonder what the logical reason could be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-07-22T10:50:48.800" Title="Why are the canadian uniforms for cycling blue?" Tags="|olympics|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26127" CreationDate="2021-07-22T10:50:48.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to an &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyclingmagazine.ca/sections/news/the-unexpected-reason-cycling-canadas-kits-are-blue/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article in the Canadian Cycling Magazine&lt;/a&gt; - no one really knows, but the leading speculation is that it represents the water of Canada, ie the Great Lakes, rivers, oceans:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origin of the cycling blue is shrouded in mystery. [Kris Westwood] says that the colour is commonly thought to represent the many Canadian bodies of water, such as the Great Lakes and oceans. “Some say it specifically represents the three oceans our coastline touches,” he says. For a landlocked sport, water symbolism seems unexpected, but around the 1960s, when the first blue, red and white kits were released, Canada came very close to using a similar design for its new national flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article also mentions that cycling isn't the only sport in which Canada diverts from the normal Red-White paring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many Canadian sports disciplines, such as track and field, have integrated black into their uniform design. Alpine skiing in Canada has often used a bright yellow in its design, Alpine Canada’s signature colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though it would appear in these cases it is to distinguish from other countries with a similar Red-White colour scheme (for Skiing see: Denmark, Switzerland, Austria, Norway etc...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-07-22T10:50:48.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26131" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding league expansions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" LastActivityDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26132" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding league expansions" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" LastActivityDate="2021-07-22T15:24:39.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25016" CreationDate="2021-07-23T07:55:32.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;it is called &amp;quot;revert&amp;quot;, no pivot on the wheel so it is not manual. U can search revert skateboard on youtube.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21626" LastActivityDate="2021-07-23T07:55:32.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25016" CreationDate="2021-07-23T16:08:19.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your back wheels are sliding, I'd consider this a &lt;em&gt;180° powerslide&lt;/em&gt;, regardless of whether your front wheels are touching the ground or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't get hung up on what it's called though; just keep drawing outside the lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20257" LastActivityDate="2021-07-23T16:08:19.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26137" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-24T23:52:12.283" Score="1" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any sport where rain is either required for the sport or enhances the sport? I'm looking for answers about sports anywhere in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21631" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-07-25T01:06:42.233" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T18:55:48.007" Title="Are there any sports that are meant to be played in the rain?" Tags="|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26137" CreationDate="2021-07-25T00:03:46.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly what you're asking for, but field hockey is often played on watered turf which requires to be wet. You don't need rain, but watching it is as if the turf was wet due to light rain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-25T03:31:40.447" LastActivityDate="2021-07-25T03:31:40.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25691" CreationDate="2021-07-25T06:45:21.880" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Retrosheet is more specifically for events within a game. Have you checked out Pybaseball module? It contains all of retrosheet data and A TON more. Including the Pybaseball.schedule-and-record(2021,'NYY') you can get game outcomes for entire seasons via the Lahman Database. &amp;lt;--much more versatile than retrosheet for your wanted results IMO. It is the source of alllll my MLB modelling. You can also download the Lahman for free just google seanlahman.com!&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/jldbc/pybaseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://github.com/jldbc/pybaseball&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Goodluck!&#xA;-Otot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B.t.w . Also try pybaseball.game_logs() or pybaseball.lahman.teams()will have team level data on a yearly scale. Pybaseball.schedule_and_record(startYYYY, endYYYY&lt;em&gt;optional&lt;/em&gt;(if nothing entered will end with most recent available info),team abbr.&amp;quot;XXX&amp;quot;, ind=0or1(0=all data combined to one row, 1=yearlystatsrow are ind. seasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21632" LastActivityDate="2021-07-25T06:45:21.880" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26064" CreationDate="2021-07-25T07:04:24.803" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well to be honest, a lot of sinkerballers would &amp;quot;doctor the ball&amp;quot; (adding foreign substances to the ball [Vaseline, spit]) to increase downward action. Baseballs that spin faster (spin backwards in particular) give the illusion of the ball &amp;quot;rising&amp;quot; (not physically possible if throwing overhand) because the back spin is helping it hold its plane longer than a ball with less spin, or ball with Vaseline. The sinkerballer is actually playing off of the opposite phenomenon (although sinkerballs do actually sink). It's all about deception and the more different pitches I've shown you the harder it will be to anticipate. (A sinker isn't a swing and miss pitch; it's to induce poor contact.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21632" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-07-27T10:39:50.930" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T10:39:50.930" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-25T19:25:44.623" Score="3" ViewCount="734" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are defending someone trying to dunk and you can barely reach the backboard when you jump is this impossible or can you do something to defend?  Or should you throw in the towel and just give up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T02:56:09.320" Title="Is it possible to guard a dunk if you can't dunk" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26142" CreationDate="2021-07-25T19:54:43.263" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's always going to be someone bigger and more physical than you. Every player in the NBA can dunk, and they still get dunked on pretty much every game - the whole point of a dunk is that it's very hard to defend against &lt;em&gt;once the player and ball are in position&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't mean you can't defend against it though - but rather than worrying about blocking the dunk itself, focus on stopping the player and ball getting into position in the first place. If you're getting dunked on from passes into the low post, work on preventing that pass. If you're getting dunked on from drives, work on keeping the ballhander at the perimeter and preventing them from driving towards the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-25T19:54:43.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26144" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-26T13:55:42.217" Score="2" ViewCount="385" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine, the fielder runs towards the ropes trying to stop a six, and catches the ball right near the ropes. But his momentum carries him outside the boundary. So, to stop a six, he throws it up in the air, before his feet touch the ground outside.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;So far, this is something many fielders have done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, suppose his throw of the ball is not strong enough , so the ball after going up, comes down and is still falling down towards the ground outside boundary. So, the fielder just jumps up and while in the air, catches the ball and throws it back up. When the ball comes down, he does it again. He keeps doing that, juggling the ball while ensuring he is in the air , each time he catches the ball and throws it up,  till his teammate who is inside the boundary reaches near the rope. Then he can jump up a final time , catch the ball while in the air  and throw it back to his teammate's hand who is inside the boundary. So, even though the player did touch the ground outside the boundary multiple times , he only did so BETWEEN each touch of the ball, and never WHILE being in contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Would this catch be legal? Can he keep on juggling the ball in such a fashion, till his teammate comes to help and complete the catch ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as i can tell, there is nothing in the rules that forbid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His last touch with the ground BEFORE his first contact with the ball was inside the boundary area, and at no point was he in contact with the ball WHILE he was touching the ground outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21026" LastEditorUserId="21026" LastEditDate="2021-07-28T06:30:31.030" LastActivityDate="2021-07-28T06:30:31.030" Title="Will this be judged as a legal catch or not? Can a fielder juggle the ball outside the boundary, such that each time he touches ball, he's in the air?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4702" CreationDate="2021-07-26T14:10:21.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first stump camera was developed in 1988 and used in Hobart, Tasmania for TCN channel 9.&#xA;The first stump was a modified original wooden stump drilled out to accept an aluminium tube carrying a Panasonic lipstick camera.&#xA;I know this because I built it for Warren Berkeley tcn 9 outside broadcast manager.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21642" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-26T14:49:27.063" LastActivityDate="2021-07-26T14:49:27.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2705" CreationDate="2021-07-26T14:19:17.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation described will be a boundary 6 i.e. six runs will be awarded to batting team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant law is as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;19.5.2&lt;/strong&gt; A fielder who is not in contact with the ground is considered to be grounded beyond the boundary if his/her final contact with the ground, before his/her first contact with the ball after it has been delivered by the bowler, was not entirely within the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the question,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then he jumps from &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the boundary rope and fields/catches the ball and sends it back to the other fielder while in the air&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;his final contact with the ground before his first contact with the ball was outside the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When he first touched the ball, he was grounded outside the boundary (even though he was in the air at that moment). Hence, this will be judged as a boundary 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21026" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-03T00:45:00.523" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T00:45:00.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-26T19:07:20.363" Score="1" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason why olympic skateboarders receive more leeway to land their maneuvers than olympic gymnasts who need to land their maneuvers the first time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21647" LastActivityDate="2021-08-01T20:24:15.833" Title="Why do skateboarders in the olympics get multiple attempts to land a trick but gymnasts don't?" Tags="|olympics|skateboarding|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26126" CreationDate="2021-07-26T19:39:20.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB Rule 5.09(b)(12) states that a runner is out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In running or sliding for home base, he fails to touch home base and makes no attempt to return to the base, when a fielder holds the ball in his hand, while touching home base, and appeals to the umpire for the decision;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that the umpire would not hand the ball back to the catcher until, in his opinion, the runner had failed to make a reasonable effort to touch home plate before heading to the dugout. As such, the runner no longer has the opportunity to touch home, but will not be out unless and until the defensive team executes an appeal. Likewise, the tag should not have been sufficient, as at no point during the play was the runner liable to be tagged out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On second thought, Rule 5.09(c)(4) may be the relevant rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) He fails to touch home base and makes no attempt to return to that base, and home base is tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.09(b)(12) has an associated comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule applies only where runner is on his way to the bench and the catcher would be required to chase him. It does not apply to the ordinary play where the runner misses the plate and then immediately makes an effort to touch the plate before being tagged. In that case, runner must be tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which, I think, just means that if the catcher &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; have tagged the runner, he can appeal instead of chasing the runner if the runner has apparently given up the attempt to touch home base correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastEditorUserId="11180" LastEditDate="2021-07-26T19:51:07.663" LastActivityDate="2021-07-26T19:51:07.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26148" CreationDate="2021-07-26T20:49:48.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if there's a good answer for this one that is not almost completely opinion based (unless some standards body has published their criteria for creating the current scoring system).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scoring drives how conservative or risky you can be while still remaining competitive.  That reflects one way that the standards-settings bodies for these sports differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compared to organized gymnastics, skateboarding has a tradition of emphasizing new, varied, and risky maneuvers.  I think using gymnastics-style scoring would create an environment where the top performers would feel pressure to perform only solid tricks.  By having a large number of discards, the athletes instead should be able to select tricks that are closer to the edge of their ability without fearing that a miss will doom their competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opinion time again here.  I think that a gymnastics meet where the top few athletes all performed what is the the current &amp;quot;top move&amp;quot; in some discipline and the spectators got to see how each executed it could be a fabulous event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think a street skateboard competition where the top few athletes all performed the same trick would been seen as a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-26T21:08:49.677" LastActivityDate="2021-07-26T21:08:49.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26152" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-27T09:19:28.113" Score="0" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;h3 id=&quot;question-kbtb&quot;&gt;Question&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I search for locations with a smooth surface where I can ride my inline skates? What sources or methods can I use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3 id=&quot;context-mo0b&quot;&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently picked up inline skating and noticed that the road surface makes a huge difference in the pleasure I get from skating.&#xA;I have a park nearby that has wide, asphalt roads with no car traffic, which is perfect.&#xA;To keep things diverse I would like to look for other spots with similar characteristics, i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;smooth surface, e.g. maintained asphalt or large concrete slabs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;little motorized traffic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wide paths&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3 id=&quot;what-ive-tried-mdo6&quot;&gt;What I've tried&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I checked Google Maps satellite view to see if I could identify smooth roads. That appears to be hit and miss, as some path look smooth but actually aren't and some paths (e.g. the one I ride on in the park) are obscured by folliage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I tried looking for rooftop parking garages. Unfortunately the ones in my neighbourhood don't have a smooth surface.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I tried using &lt;a href=&quot;https://overpass-turbo.eu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Overpass Turbo&lt;/a&gt; queries to search for smooth ways in my neighbourhood. However, I have not yet found a helpful combination of query conditions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21651" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-27T12:35:15.213" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T19:43:40.930" Title="How can I search for good spots to ride on inline skates / rollerblades?" Tags="|inline-skating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26144" CreationDate="2021-07-27T09:27:31.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this would be a legal catch. The exact wording of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/boundaries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;relevant law (19.5.2)&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fielder who is not in contact with the ground is considered to be grounded beyond the boundary if his/her final contact with the ground, before his/her first contact with the ball after it has been delivered by the bowler, was not entirely within the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you say, all their contacts with the ground outside the boundary were &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; their first contact with the ball, so they are not considered grounded beyond the boundary. Finally, as the ball was eventually held by a fielder inside the boundary, it is a legal catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T09:27:31.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22581" CreationDate="2021-07-27T13:40:19.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;USAV and FIVB rules are identical, now you have to keep in mind that there's a difference between defence from attack, and reception from serve. With this information the rules are clearer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which Beach-Volleyball Rules regulate the action of receiving a serve overhand with fingers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing as a hard driven serve in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/2017_Beach_Volleyball_Rules_Casebook_v21.04.2017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB rules&lt;/a&gt;, so it's just hard driven &lt;strong&gt;attack&lt;/strong&gt; and it's based on those 4 criteria :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does the player have time to change his/ her&#xA;technique?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The time and distance between the attack and&#xA;the defensive action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did the speed of the ball change due to a block or&#xA;hitting the net?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the action offensive or defensive in nature?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply stated, it really depends on the arbitration judgement, if the referee considers the defence to be reactionary, then the ball contact&#xA;can be extended momentarily overhand with the fingers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21654" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-07-27T13:48:33.310" LastActivityDate="2021-07-27T13:48:33.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26176" CreationDate="2021-07-27T20:24:14.100" Score="4" ViewCount="606" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an origin to this? As to why a podium is universally 3 people?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like for tournament style competitions, a 2 person podium would be logical, the finalist and runner up. But for some reason, its 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if we look back at the origin of the podium, is there any known reason why a podium would be 3 people? Or its just because it looks nice to have the winner + the 2nd and 3rd on his left and right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T12:26:23.210" Title="Why is a podium 3 people?" Tags="|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26160" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-29T13:59:30.367" Score="4" ViewCount="2219" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strong-man is of course filled with quite unique events, but many of its athletes hold world-records in traditional weight-lifting events such as deadlift.&#xA;Many of the sport's biggest names are in fact competing at an event (Giants Live) which clashes the Games which suggests there is very little overlap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this due to eligibility (professional/amateur) or some other reason(s)? &lt;em&gt;Have&lt;/em&gt; there been many notable athletes who are known to have competed in both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2021-07-29T16:56:40.063" Title="Why do we not see strong-man athletes competing in olympic weightlifting?" Tags="|olympics|weightlifting|strongman|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26163" CreationDate="2021-07-29T16:21:10.003" Score="-1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can extras player (more than 11) in a team can play the role of a runner for a team player who is injured in a cricket test, odi or t20 game in terms of laws and rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20223" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2021-07-29T17:22:33.457" LastActivityDate="2021-07-29T17:27:31.770" Title="Extras players role in Cricket game" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26160" CreationDate="2021-07-29T16:56:40.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, weightlifting (as seen in the Olympics) and powerlifting (as seen in strongman competitions) differ in terms of the required techniques and physique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In comparison with other strength sports, which test limit strength (with or without lifting aids), weightlifting tests aspects of human ballistic limits (explosive strength); the lifts are therefore executed faster — and with more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution — than other strength movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests that a strongman would lack the speed and mobility to compete in Olympic weightlifting, whereas an Olympic weightlifter would lack the sheer physical strength to compete in strongman contests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there must have been athletes that have attempted to cross over from one discipline to the other, but I haven't been able to find any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-07-29T16:56:40.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26161" CreationDate="2021-07-29T17:27:31.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/batsman-s-innings;-runners&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 25 Players, substitutes, runners and practice&lt;/a&gt; is very clear on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;25.5.2 A runner shall be a member of the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could of course be overridden by the playing conditions for any particular tournament, but I don't believe it is for any ICC matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-29T17:27:31.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26165" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26166" CreationDate="2021-07-29T20:07:32.667" Score="1" ViewCount="793" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are women gymnasts performing with long nails?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it difficult; does this make it harder? I saw Suni Lee with much longer nails, for example &lt;a href=&quot;Https://www.today.com/tmrw/olympic-nail-art-see-how-team-usa-athletes-are-showing-t226471?&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in this article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7vLKe.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7vLKe.png&quot; alt=&quot;a female-appearing gymnast on horizontal bar, with both hands and feet used in the midst of a performance&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21417" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T04:40:31.657" LastActivityDate="2022-01-06T22:33:44.107" Title="How are women gymnasts performing with long nails?" Tags="|technique|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26165" CreationDate="2021-07-30T04:06:04.823" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not someone who competes with long nails, so my answer is based on what I've seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not uncommon to see women with long nails in sports like gymnastics, tennis, athletics, etc.&#xA;They don't really use the very tip of their fingers, and so there's no interference from long finger nails. In gymnastics for example, they either use their hands wide open or hold on to the bars. In neither cases longer finger nails hinder the movements. The bars are thick enough that when they grab their fingers don't make it back all the way to the palm. I guess a miscue could cause break of the nails, but you probably got more things to worry about if you land a flip that badly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same thing with tennis players and pole vaulters, what they hold onto is thick enough that their finger nails wouldn't make it all the back back to their hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But also note that these are none-contact sports where long nails could cause break, but importantly result in injuring opponents or teammates. In those cases you may not even be allowed to compete with long nails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-06T22:33:44.107" LastActivityDate="2022-01-06T22:33:44.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26167" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26168" CreationDate="2021-07-30T07:15:21.107" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e6ph5.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e6ph5.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/VolleyballCourt.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikimedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is this corner marking for, since the serve can now be done from anywhere behind the service line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4998" LastEditorUserId="4998" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T08:26:17.180" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T08:26:17.180" Title="What is this corner marking for?" Tags="|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26167" CreationDate="2021-07-30T07:55:52.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those marks are part of the definition of the service zone. Rule 12.4 &lt;em&gt;Execution of the Service&lt;/em&gt;, part 3 states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment of the service hit of take-off for a jump service, the server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the service zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It continues to say they can do so once the serve is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without those marks, enforcement of the rule would be down fully to judgement by sight; with them there is a much more objective standard to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T07:55:52.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26170" CreationDate="2021-07-30T08:04:27.220" Score="0" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this photo (&lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/weightlifting/result-women-s-55kg-fnl-a00100-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;), Hidilyn Diaz and Chinshanlo Zulfiya had &lt;strong&gt;failed attempts&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;And Liao had a score of 97 (successful attempt) in her 3rd snatch, and Diaz had 99 score but failed attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess my real question is that how do we compute for that &lt;strong&gt;RESULT&lt;/strong&gt;? Cause it seems to me that &lt;strong&gt;failed attempts&lt;/strong&gt; do not really matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mEdkr.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mEdkr.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21677" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T08:28:08.313" Title="What is failed attempts in weightlifting?" Tags="|olympics|weightlifting|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26169" CreationDate="2021-07-30T08:23:38.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Weightlifting isn't based on &amp;quot;scores&amp;quot;, but simply on the greatest weight lifted. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidilyn_Diaz&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hidilyn Diaz&lt;/a&gt; successfully lifted 94 kg and 97 kg in the snatch, but failed at 99 kg, given her a result of 97 kg as her greatest successfully lifted weight. She then successfully lifted 119 kg, 124 kg and 127 kg in the clean and jerk, giving her 127 kg there and 224 kg overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfiya_Chinshanlo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zulfiya Chinshanlo&lt;/a&gt; attempted 123 kg in the clean and jerk, failed at that, attempted it again, succeeding at it, but then failed at 125 kg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While failed attempts obviously don't reduce the maximum weight lifted, they do matter as the athletes get only three attempts per discipline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T08:23:38.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26169" CreationDate="2021-07-30T08:28:08.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The traditional standard for a majority of &amp;quot;one shot&amp;quot; sports is to take the maximum successful score from any single attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Weightlifting follows this tradition; the regulations for the sport and particularly Olympic events reflect this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be checked by scanning across each lifter's scores in the example table from the question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T08:28:08.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26172" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-30T10:11:09.267" Score="0" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hitting a potential winning run in a tied cricket match my brother's bat slipped out of his hand and over the square leg umpire's head. He did not realise that a bat is not needed to complete a run, so he ran and collected it then headed for the bowler's crease, which allowed time for him to be run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If he had run parallel to the pitch and reached a point past an imaginary extension of the popping crease at the bowler's end, would the run of counted, and/or would he have been out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21678" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T10:29:12.750" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T10:29:12.750" Title="Can a batsman complete a run outside the 2 metre wide cricket pitch?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26172" CreationDate="2021-07-30T10:24:08.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-creases&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7 The Creases&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The popping crease [...] shall be considered to be unlimited in length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so you can complete the run anywhere on the playing surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T10:24:08.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26174" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-30T11:19:45.400" Score="3" ViewCount="2743" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeBron_James&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LeBron James&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Davis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anthony Davis&lt;/a&gt; (AD), and other big NBA stars skip the Olympics so much? Doesn't going help with endorsement, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This year doesn't even have &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Curry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stephen Curry&lt;/a&gt; and we had to settle for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draymond_Green&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Draymond Green&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="10185" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T23:32:33.820" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T17:12:43.450" Title="Why do top NBA stars from USA skip the Olympics?" Tags="|basketball|olympics|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26174" CreationDate="2021-07-30T12:24:38.633" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because in those players' views, the risks, most notably injury risks either from directly being injured in the Olympics or an increased injury risk the following season due to having less off-season, outweigh the benefits. I doubt it would seriously affect LeBron James's earnings power if he won the Olympics or not, his reputation is built on what he's done in the NBA, not what he may or may not do in the Olympics. For better or for worse, the basketball industry views an NBA title as &lt;em&gt;much&lt;/em&gt; more prestigious than an Olympics gold medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2021 is of course also a special case due to COVID-19: during the offseason, players are largely in control of their own environment and can take whatever measures they deem necessary to reduce their risk of contracting COVID; at the Olympics they are necessarily in proximity to a much larger number of other people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T12:24:38.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26156" CreationDate="2021-07-30T12:26:23.210" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 1896 Olympic Games, the first of the modern era which symbolically took place in Athens, the first two in each event were rewarded. The winner receives a silver medal, his runner-up a copper medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But at the Olympics the top two won't be left alone on the altar of glory for long. As of the 1904 Games, organized in Saint-Louis, city of Missouri in the United States, a third athlete was rewarded. “The explanation probably stems from the fact that the Americans had a lot of tournaments where players would go head-to-head until the final. To separate the third from the fourth, there was what is still called &amp;quot;the small final&amp;quot;, reports Patrick Clastres, author of the book Olympics, a century of passions. The formula is kept at the 1908 Olympics in London. But first, second or third, nobody is on the podium yet ... because it does not exist. Because it was during the Los Angeles Games in 1932 that the physical podium, on which the first three athletes in an event climbed, was introduced. It is the Americans who are once again changing the rules of protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In previous modern Olympics, winners received their medals, nothing more than congratulations from officials at a closing ceremony. In 1924, a small change: the Prince of Wales descended on the track at the end of the event to shake hands with the athlete André Mourion. “We are still in an amateur sport philosophy where the athlete is a sportsman who should not take glory from his reward. The medals do not yet have a financial value, because it is contrary to the idea of ​​the sport of the time practiced by an aristocracy who did not see sport as a means of making money. We are above our own glory, ”notes Patrick Clastres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T12:26:23.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26177" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-07-30T14:04:49.627" Score="3" ViewCount="1529" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example: Seconds left on the clock in a close game, Team A scores a basket, and Team B calls timeout. After the timeout, Team B throws in the ball from halfway up the court. What's the reasoning behind this? They just save like 2 or 3 valuable seconds by calling a timeout... It seems a little weird and unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21679" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2021-07-30T19:04:39.003" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T19:04:39.003" Title="In basketball, why can a team calling a timeout inbound the ball at midcourt after the timeout (effectively gaining ground for free)?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26174" CreationDate="2021-07-30T14:41:27.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply put, the NBA championship is far more prestigious than an Olympics championship. This is because the NBA and the US itself hold a huge percentage of the top players in the world. Also the Olympics participation doesn't add much to player endorsements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Years after a player is retired, they'll hardly be judged by how they performed for team USA, but rather judged on how many NBA rings they won. With the Olympics being right after the end of the postseason, you often see top players who made it deep in the finals skip the Olympics. So they can get a rest, and heal from injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But playing in the Olympics has its own risk of injury. Players aren't paid to play for their national team, so if they get injured during the Olympics and miss out of the NBA season, they potentially lose out on their NBA contract's bonuses. For example Paul George &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.weissortho.com/blog/paul-georges-injury&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;broke his leg&lt;/a&gt; playing for team USA and ended up playing less than 10 games the following postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Team USA has so many stars, had each country been able to send multiple teams, they could win all medals. They've been the overwhelming favorites to win gold since they started sending NBA players. So there's also less expectation or reliance for these top stars to show up for the tournament, knowing their replacements can still win the Olympics gold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T14:41:27.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26177" CreationDate="2021-07-30T18:06:53.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Chuck Klosterman, it just always was a part of the NBA.  (I don't believe it's a rule in most rule systems.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to peruse &lt;a href=&quot;https://grantland.com/features/absurdity-nba-half-court-rule/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this fantastic piece of journalism on the sadly defunct Grantland&lt;/a&gt;.  He covers the topics of why it is thought to exist (to add excitement - things like Derek Fischer's Spur-Killing turnaround jumper, or even The Shot, probably happened because of this rule); but shows that it's been in the rules as far back as he can find rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect it &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; exist because of the excitement factor, personally, and perhaps always has.  But there's no evidence, as far as I can tell, and as far as Chuck Klosterman can tell, who's a much better expert (and writer!) than I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-07-30T18:06:53.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26180" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26181" CreationDate="2021-07-31T02:05:42.743" Score="6" ViewCount="4831" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title is asking, why is this?  Why aren't records set in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics considered Olympic records?  This IS the Olympics that we're watching on tv right now and that's going on in Tokyo right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw this in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_butterfly&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's 100m Fly&lt;/a&gt; with the gold medal winner setting a World Record, and not an Olympic record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also happened in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_4_%C3%97_200_metre_freestyle_relay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Women's 200m Free Relay&lt;/a&gt;.  The line on tv showed WR and not OR as we were following along during the race to see who won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So again, why are these not considered Olympic records and only considered as World Records?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="203" LastEditDate="2021-08-03T05:23:25.930" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T19:43:02.550" Title="Are World Records set in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics not considered Olympic records?" Tags="|olympics|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26180" CreationDate="2021-07-31T02:37:00.697" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; Olympic records. They're both World Records (WRs) and the Olympics Records (ORs). A WR set in the Olympics is a WR and an OR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;WRs are not bounded to the Olympics and so can happen at other events too, and so WRs are always better than or equal to ORs. So not all ORs are WR. Since WRs are harder to come by, when an Olympics performance breaks the world record, WR is displayed. But in reality, it's also an OR since it happened in an Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not new at the Tokyo Olympics, showing WR for a world record at an Olympics is common practice. The OR (and also national record, seasonal best, and personal/team best) for such performances are implicitly implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-07T19:43:02.550" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T19:43:02.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26183" CreationDate="2021-07-31T08:15:36.693" Score="0" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the screenshot of official Olympics Youtube channel from India (July 30, 2021):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7HZl9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7HZl9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the official Olympic Youtube channel from USA location (July 30 2021):&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x2Dpm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/x2Dpm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21663" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T00:54:52.387" Title="Why do official Olympics youtube channel in USA hiding Indian videos?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26182" CreationDate="2021-07-31T11:44:06.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want a definitive answer on why &lt;em&gt;YouTube&lt;/em&gt; make the decision they make about which videos to show, you'd have to ask YouTube. Looking at the general case, there are two primary reasons why a social media account might do this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The right to show certain content in certain territories. The rights to show the Olympics are enormously complicated (and expensive) - it may be the case that the rights to the Indian-specific videos do not allow them to be shown in the USA.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interest of fans. There is no law which says a social media account has to show the same content in every country (at least, not in the USA). It is a perfectly valid editorial decision for whoever is managing the content on the Olympics YouTube channel to say that a video about a non-American athlete competing in a sport which is barely played in America with non-English commentary is of very low interest to American fans.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T11:44:06.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26174" CreationDate="2021-07-31T17:12:43.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to alamoot's and Kendall's answers, with which I completely agree, I would add this.  Even without considering injuries, the Olympics represent a high-risk, low-reward scenario.  If you win, so what?  You were supposed to.  If you lose, like in 2004, you were the failure of the nation and you'll never hear the end of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, on Golden State, Curry is the man; the offense and defense are tailored to him.  Curry, like Lillard in Portland or James in LA, is uniquely set up to be the deciding factor in the game.  On the Olympic Team, a player's individual ability to decide the outcome of a game is far more limited.  In the mind of a top player, they could lose a game because other people, essentially, got in his way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not being petty; endorsements, recruiting (both being recruited and being able to recruit other players), even post-career employment opportunities may be effected by losing in International play.  NBA players are said to make a &amp;quot;Business Decision&amp;quot; when they step out of the way instead of being dunked on.  How much more of a &amp;quot;Business Decision&amp;quot;, then, must be the possibility of losing in the Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21686" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T17:12:43.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26186" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26190" CreationDate="2021-07-31T19:02:01.153" Score="3" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the Jamaican sprinters Elaine Thompson-Herah, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, and Shericka Jackson swept the 100 meters women's medals by winning gold, silver, and bronze respectively. Also earlier in the games, in women's cross-country cylcing, the Swiss athletes swept the medals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in many competitions only 1 athlete per country is allowed per weight class, or no more than 2 in a discipline (swimming nowadays for example). So I'd think such a feat is uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times, all 3 medals of a single event was won by athletes of just one country in a summer Olympics event? Please limit your answer to 1948 games and forward as I suspect this feat was more common in the older days due to limited participations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-10-11T11:14:45.093" Title="A country winning all 3 medals at a Summer Olympics event" Tags="|trivia|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16699" CreationDate="2021-07-31T22:36:28.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;About 60%&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mention, the starting team wins about 60% percent of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.100.5.2548&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This paper&lt;/a&gt; in the American Economic Review, freely available from the London School of Economics repository &lt;a href=&quot;http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/31432/1/Psychological_Pressure_in_Competitive_Environments_(publisher).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, analyses every penalty shootout in a major tournament (world cup, continent cup, English/German/Spanish cup, uefa league and champions league) for which data was available, which roughly amounts to every shootout in a final ever, and in every round from around the year 2000. The data ends at 2008 as this is not a very recent paper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The authors conclude that indeed there is a psychological advantage in going first, as the increased odds persist even when controlling for other variables, such as team strength and possible home advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the authors of the paper feel confident rejecting the null hypothesis of going first giving no advantage, it is still possible that the &lt;em&gt;true&lt;/em&gt; probability for the first team to win is some other value &amp;gt;50%, and the 60% found is simply an expression of variance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21689" LastActivityDate="2021-07-31T22:36:28.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26107" CreationDate="2021-07-31T23:37:51.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a ball to be in, it must actually touch the line. Being above a portion of the line at point of maximum impact is not sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you rightly mention, the rules are fairly clear. From the 2021 Friend at Court document:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball touches a line, it is regarded as touching the court bounded by that line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly from your source (though I don't know how official it is, regardless of the name of the website):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a ball touches a line, it is considered to be the same as hitting the space inside that line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrast this with association football, in which &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the relevant rule&lt;/a&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, a major difference is that in tennis we consider only the moment when the ball hits the court, whereas in football a ball can go out of play high in the air. Regardless, a similar rule for tennis could be along the lines of &amp;quot;If a ball is not wholly past a line when it touches the ground, it is regarded as touching the court bounded by that line&amp;quot;. As this is not the rule, I argue the actual rule is clear in requiring the ball to physically make contact with the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mention that the graphic system showed the outline of the ball. It shouldn't. A Hawk-Eye-like system is supposed to (attempt to) show the part of the ground that has come into contact with a ball. This also explains the sharp oval shape of the output of Hawk-Eye, as the area of the ball touching the ground first increases and then decreases, all the while the ball moves forward. See for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/%7Ecross/HAWKEYE.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for a short discussion and demonstration of this effect. Note that this is also different from showing the area touched by the ball at point of maximum contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;So why was the ball called in?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being unfamiliar with the specific game, I see a couple possibilities for why the call in a situation as you describe it might be called as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The ball touched the line.&lt;/strong&gt; This might seem silly, but if even some of the extending fibers (or hairs) of the ball touch the line, it is technically in. This can be very hard to see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The referee was wrong.&lt;/strong&gt; Referees are human, and as all humans do make mistakes all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The automated system was wrong.&lt;/strong&gt; Hawk-Eye has some error rate. Although it is likely a lot better than humans at determining in real time whether a ball is in or out, it is not capable of sub-millimeter precision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21689" LastEditorUserId="21689" LastEditDate="2021-08-02T10:10:21.450" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T10:10:21.450" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26186" CreationDate="2021-08-01T02:01:19.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podium_sweep&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;There are some lists on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; that show so called &lt;strong&gt;Medal Sweeps&lt;/strong&gt; in athletics, speed and figure skating, snowboarding and cross-country skiing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from these lists alone you can see that this still seems to be quite common, especially as there are lots of different events not listed; for the athletics events alone this has happened 41 times since the 1948 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have also found &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/Sabriel567/cs373-idb/wiki/11.-Database-Setup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a dataset&lt;/a&gt; that includes all the medals awarded until the 2008 Olympic Summer Games in Peking. So I wrote a script that collected all the Medal Sweeps in Summer Games from 1948 until 2008 and got a total of 98 Medal Sweeps. When looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.olympedia.org/lists/1/automatic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another data source&lt;/a&gt; I could find another 7 results that happened after 2008, or have not been in the first dataset, bringing it to a total of &lt;strong&gt;105 Medal Sweeps&lt;/strong&gt; since the 1948 Summer Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that i did not fact check all of these, or the datasets in general, but from what I could see it seems to be mostly correct.&#xA;Also there are results included where more than three medals have been awarded in total, with one NOC taking at least one gold, silver and bronze medal, as well as results where not all three different medals were awarded (for example because of a tie for second place where a second silver, but no bronze medal was given out) but a single NOC still took all three medals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the full list of events and the corresponding NOC that achieved this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Discipline&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Event&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Gender&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;NOC&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pommel horse&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FIN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3m springboard&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3m springboard&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m breaststroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;110m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3000m steeplechase&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;SWE&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;shot put&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10m platform&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3m springboard&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;110m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;decathlon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;discus throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;shot put&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;sabre individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;HUN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;rings&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;vault&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10m platform&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AUS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;AUS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;110m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20km walk&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;discus throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;épée individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;ITA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;110m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;discus throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;shot put&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;floor exercises&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual all-round&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;uneven bars&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;vault&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Diving&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3m springboard&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m backstroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m individual medley&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m individual medley&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m individual medley&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;floor exercises&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JPN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;floor exercises&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;horizontal bar&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JPN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual all-round&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JPN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;parallel bars&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JPN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m backstroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m breaststroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;hammer throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pentathlon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;sabre individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m backstroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m butterfly&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m backstroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m breaststroke&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Swimming&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m freestyle&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GDR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;800m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;hammer throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pentathlon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1984&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Archery&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual FITA round&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;KOR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;hammer throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;long jump&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pole vault&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;foil individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FRG&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual all-round&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;URS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Table Tennis&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;singles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;CHN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3000m steeplechase&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;KEN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;hammer throw&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;EUN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;long jump&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Badminton&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;singles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;INA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Equestrian Dressage&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;X&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;GER&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Artistic Gymnastics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual all-round&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;EUN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Archery&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;KOR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Badminton&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;doubles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;CHN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3000m steeplechase&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;KEN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;long jump&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;RUS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JAM&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;400m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;sabre individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Table Tennis&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;singles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;CHN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Table Tennis&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;singles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;CHN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Tennis&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;singles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;RUS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;200m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JAM&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fencing&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;foil individual&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;ITA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m hurdles&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletics&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;100m&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;W&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;JAM&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Cycling&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;cross-country&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;M&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;SUI&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="21692" LastEditorUserId="21692" LastEditDate="2021-08-01T16:41:22.527" LastActivityDate="2021-08-01T16:41:22.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26148" CreationDate="2021-08-01T20:24:15.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may be an unsatisfying answer, but the real reason is that Olympic competition for a particular sport is run by the rules of that sport's international governing body, not by any one body (i.e. the IOC). So, for example, FINA, the world swimming organization, may have different false start rules from World Athletics, which runs track and field. So swimmers would have different false start expectations than runners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'm just using false starts as an example here; I know WA has changed false start rules in the past, and I don't actually know how they currently compare with FINA's rules.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2021-08-01T20:24:15.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26193" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26195" CreationDate="2021-08-02T00:39:49.197" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was a child (15 to 20 years ago, so precise details are difficult to remember), my dad would take me to an 'archery course' (searching for this in my area has only yielded results for the 'instruction' definition of course). There were ~10 or more targets placed throughout a wooded area, where archers could shoot at one target, and then after collecting their arrows, move on to the next. Some shots went slightly up-hill or down-hill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the range I used to go to was shut down around 2005 (+/- a few years) due to complaints of near-by residents. This was in the South-West Ohio area. So far, my search results today only show 'archery range's in the style of lanes that archers shoot at a single target at a fixed distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21702" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T07:03:00.957" Title="What is the term for an 'archery course' that involves walking from one target to the next, golf-course style?" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26182" CreationDate="2021-08-02T00:54:52.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On your first screenshot, 10 videos out of 15 are related to the Indian athletes. Do you think this is representative of what is going on in the Olympics in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real question is not &amp;quot;Why does Youtube channel in USA hide Indian videos&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;Why does Youtube channel in India show mostly Indian videos&amp;quot;. The answer is obvious: because that's what Indian viewers are likely to be interested in. As the other countries are concerned, India now has 1 silver and 1 bronze medal (hopefully they get more later on), this doesn't make it likely to make the front page in the USA or worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15647" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T00:54:52.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26193" CreationDate="2021-08-02T07:03:00.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Target or archery walking courses, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.orovalleyaz.gov/Government/Departments/Parks-and-Recreation/Facilities/Archery-Range&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oro Valley&lt;/a&gt; - see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.orovalleyaz.gov/files/assets/public/documents/parks-and-recreation/parks/naranja-east-walking-archery-course-distances-map.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you &lt;a href=&quot;https://duckduckgo.com/?q=archery%20walking%20course&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duck Duck go &amp;quot;Archery walking course&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; you get a few ranges that have something like what you mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and the courses where you don't walk around a path are called &amp;quot;standing courses&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user21704" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T07:03:00.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26272" CreationDate="2021-08-02T08:35:56.193" Score="2" ViewCount="577" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we have different stroke categories in swimming rather than only competing freestyle at different distances? To be specific, what was the originating reason and why do these separate categories persist today? Has there ever been any debate about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is similar question to why do we have different athletic disciplines for walking and running? When they are both about moving along the ground over a set distance the fastest without equipment why add another category restricted to a &amp;quot;way of doing it&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21705" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T20:03:34.580" Title="Why are there different strokes in swimming?" Tags="|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26197" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26198" CreationDate="2021-08-02T10:35:35.783" Score="3" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix, after the initial start was red-flagged due to a turn one incident, the field started their second formation lap, with all cars on intermediate-wet tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It became apparent that the circuit was drying rapidly, which prompted all of the drivers, except Lewis Hamilton, to enter into the pits to change their tyres for slicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation when cars start from the pitlane, as is the case for all-but-one of the drivers in this case, the rules state that they must wait at the pit exit line until the on-track &amp;quot;field&amp;quot; have passed before they join the track and start racing, as stated in Rule 36.2 in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2020-12-16.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, any car reaching the end of the&#xA;pit lane after the five (5) minute signal must start behind any car already at the pit exit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All such cars may then join the race once the whole field has passed the end of the pit lane for&#xA;the first time after the start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is the procedure if, in this case, Lewis Hamilton had pitted too, as there is no &amp;quot;field&amp;quot; to pass the pit exit? Do they perform another formation lap, and regain their qualifying position, or do they all start the race from the pit exit as they line up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T10:56:02.873" Title="Race Start Procedure when everyone pits on Formation Lap" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26197" CreationDate="2021-08-02T10:56:02.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally answered here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://the-race.com/formula-1/how-hungarian-gp-would-have-restarted-if-everyone-had-pitted/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://the-race.com/formula-1/how-hungarian-gp-would-have-restarted-if-everyone-had-pitted/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final car into the pitlane would have been the equivalent of the&#xA;final car taking its position on the starting grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When that car entered the pitlane the start signal would have been&#xA;initiated, with five red lights turning on and being extinguished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once that happened, the green light at the pit exit would have shown&#xA;and the field would have returned to the track in the order they lined&#xA;up at the exit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T10:56:02.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26201" CreationDate="2021-08-02T14:37:07.310" Score="1" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;I installed glance app in my phone. It gives me wallpapers on home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RN8vt.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RN8vt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &amp;quot;92 in 43 in hundred&amp;quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21710" LastActivityDate="2021-08-03T11:14:42.053" Title="What does &quot;92 in 43 in hundred&quot; mean?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-02T14:40:32.497" Score="2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm used to seeing athletes who win their event in the Olympics interviewed straight after but this Olympics I've seen basically no interviews at all. Where are they all? I'm in Australia and our network only seems to get interviews with Australian athletes. If I VPN to France and watch on France TV I only see interviews with French athletes.&#xA;All winning athletes seem to give interviews to a microphone which just has the Olympic rings on it so I thought it was the Olympic channel but that just seems to play documentaries all day. Where can I see or hear these interviews?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21711" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T16:55:04.423" Title="Where are all the post-event olympic interviews?" Tags="|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26199" CreationDate="2021-08-02T14:47:50.903" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 'Hundred' part is reference to the new competition in England called &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehundred.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Hundred&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, this is showing Jemimah Rodrigues of the Northern Superchargers, who was not out with 92 runs, from 43 balls faced, in their match against Welsh Fire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2021-08-03T11:14:42.053" LastActivityDate="2021-08-03T11:14:42.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26203" CreationDate="2021-08-02T14:52:32.607" Score="-2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am referring to Athletics - Round 1 - Heat 3 of Women's 200m Olympics 2021:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2sS4I.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2sS4I.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why position of racers in this track not in order ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21663" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T16:13:01.887" Title="Why position of racers in this track not in order?" Tags="|olympics|athletics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26202" CreationDate="2021-08-02T16:13:01.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Lane&amp;quot; refers to which lane they raced in (there are 8 lanes on a track).  The racers start on a staggered start, as the inner lanes are shorter distances otherwise.  In the 200m race the racers will not switch lanes - they'll stay in the same lane the entire time.  See the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/disciplines/sprints/200-metres&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond being informative as to which lane they raced in, that column is not useful - it is not related to the rank they finished in - and so it is not used to sort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T16:13:01.887" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26200" CreationDate="2021-08-02T16:55:04.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When athletes finish their competition, they go through a section known as &amp;quot;the mixed zone&amp;quot; (because that's where the athletes &amp;quot;mix&amp;quot; with the media). The Olympic mixed zone at the track (which is the one I'm most familiar with) is usually broken down in three sections; first there are rows of television broadcasters arranged such that the cameras show the athlete with the track in the background. Next come the radio broadcasters (a shrinking crew) and finally, out of sight of the track and into the bowels of the stadium, the print media (including websites, these days).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The television broadcasters are all &amp;quot;rights holders&amp;quot;, which is to say, the networks who have paid for the right to broadcast the Olympics in their territory. (In the USA, that's NBC.) This means the athletes will be passing by crews from NBC, Eurosport, BBC, CBC, CCTV, etc. etc., any and all of which may choose to buttonhole the athlete for a quick interview or let them move on by. Because the broadcasters have their own audiences in mind, they're most likely to talk to the athletes of their country, although athletes like Usain Bolt could take most of an hour to work through the mixed zone since every single broadcaster would want a minute from him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To your question, though, if there is an Olympic crew in place, they're unlikely to put their footage online quickly because they're limited by terms of the agreements with the right-holders. Those agreements might prevent the IOC (or the LOC) from posting video that would compete with that of the rights-holders, which would result in the post-race interviews being fragmented by broadcaster in the way you describe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one central interview which is run by the LOC, but it's not video: it's what's known as the &amp;quot;flash quotes&amp;quot; team. They sit between the broadcasters and the print media and get a very brief interview (three or four sentences) with every heat winner or medalist. That interview is transmitted to the entire press corps, something like a pool reporter, so if a media outlet does not have the staff to have a reporter on hand in the mixed zone, they can still run a story with a quote from the athlete. This is why you'll often find several stories in different publications with the same quotes from an athlete. Flash quotes are a specialized skill; they prioritize speed and being able to speak to many athletes, so being multi-lingual and/or a fast typist is more important than, say, punctuation, or even solid English grammar. (One of my jobs at an event once was copyediting flash quotes in the hours after a session ended; they can be a mess.) But there is no video equivalent of flash quotes that I'm aware of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="35" LastActivityDate="2021-08-02T16:55:04.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26205" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-02T22:51:24.753" Score="4" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the men's high jump event of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the top 2 competitors were both &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.news.com.au/sport/olympics/dramatic-choice-to-end-olympic-high-jump-final-is-simply-extraordinary/news-story/9a98f33e8621fd6a6b0ae9cdd7fa1376&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tied&lt;/a&gt; after their final jump. They were given the choice of going to a jump off, or sharing the gold medal. They both decided to share the gold medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would have happened if one of the competitors insisted on going to a jump-off because he wanted sole Olympic glory, and the other competitor insisted on sharing the gold medal because he didn't want to lose it?  Would there have been a default option if the competitors didn't agree?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T03:11:23.293" Title="What happens if 2 high jumpers do not agree on what to do if they are tied?" Tags="|rules|olympics|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26205" CreationDate="2021-08-02T23:20:20.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If both competitors don't agree to cancel the jumpoff, it will proceed as the default, and either competitor can forfeit the jumpoff (effectively &amp;quot;refusing&amp;quot; the jumpoff) making themselves the 2nd place finisher and the other athlete the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;26.8.1 The athlete with the lowest number of jumps at the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;26.8.2 If the athletes are equal following the application of Rule 26.8.1 of the Technical Rules, the athlete with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared, shall be awarded the higher place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;26.8.3 If the athletes are still equal following the application of Rule 26.8.2 of the Technical Rules, the athletes concerned shall be awarded the same place unless it concerns the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;26.8.4 If it concerns the first place, a jump-off between these athletes shall be conducted in accordance with Rule 26.9 of the Technical Rules, unless otherwise decided, either in advance according to the regulations applying to the competition, or during the competition but before the start of the event by the Technical delegate(s) or the Referee if no Technical delegate has been appointed. If no jump-off is carried out, including where the relevant athletes at any stage decide not to jump further, the tie for first place shall remain. Note: This Rule 26.8.4 does not apply for a Combined Events Competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rules source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=febae412-b673-4523-8321-e1ed092421dc.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=C2.1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=febae412-b673-4523-8321-e1ed092421dc.pdf&amp;amp;urlslug=C2.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14904" LastEditorUserId="14904" LastEditDate="2021-08-04T03:11:23.293" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T03:11:23.293" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14543" CreationDate="2021-08-03T20:11:25.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For many sports, there are official records kept for the best performances by the sport's governing body.  As an example, the world record for 100m dash is ratified by World Athletics.  When they exist, they will be indicated with OR for olympic record and WR for world record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some cases where no such records are kept.  The question refers to the decathlon.  While there are official records for best decathlon score, there are not official records for the individual events within as a decathlon participant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example are the rowing events.  Because individual races are strongly influenced by the weather, official record times are not recognized by FISA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When these official records don't exist, the best times that meet some criteria may be displayed with OB (olympic best) or WB (world best).  The olympic website has some other initialisms in use (like ODB for olympic decathlon best and OHB for olympic heptathlon best), but I've not seen those used on broadcast graphics myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-08-03T20:11:25.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26210" CreationDate="2021-08-04T01:09:10.620" Score="1" ViewCount="2228" Body="&lt;p&gt;With nobody in the seats, it can be plainly seen that the seats in the Olympic track and field stadium in Tokyo are of four different colors (maroon, light green, dark green, and white) in no discernible pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m5ME3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/m5ME3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;An American track athlete with empty stadium seats behind him&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason the seats are these colors? Is there actually some pattern or logic to how they are arranged? If not, why not just use seats that are all one color, or put them in some sort of tidy pattern, such as a row of maroon seats, a row of white seats, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21718" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-04T01:34:18.597" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T05:39:03.223" Title="Why are the seats of the Olympic track and field stadium different colors?" Tags="|olympics|venues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26209" CreationDate="2021-08-04T05:05:12.257" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While most US stadiums have single colored seats, the multicolor effect is used in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/architecture/stadium_design/aveiro_municipal.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;many&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiyskiy_National_Sports_Complex&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stadiums&lt;/a&gt; around the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamo_Stadium_(Minsk)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;world&lt;/a&gt;.  The New Orleans Superdome has multicolored seats, but the overall effect is very muted rather than vibrant.  Probably there are different reasons in different places, but breaking up empty seats for television does come in handy.  It also means that if you have some color fade and have to replace a seat, you don't get blotchy effects from mismatched replacements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slate.com/business/2021/07/japan-olympics-national-stadium-kengo-kuma-tokyo.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Slate magazine&lt;/a&gt; had a piece on the Tokyo stadium and Kengo Kuma's design.  He doesn't say that it's the &lt;em&gt;reason&lt;/em&gt; for the pattern, but does acknowledge that it looks good without people in the seats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stadium design, in which the 60,000 seats are colored in five&#xA;different earth tones to create a forest-pattern mosaic, makes the&#xA;stadium look occupied and alive even without spectators. “The mosaic&#xA;design is a natural solution to the problem of no spectators at the&#xA;Olympics,” Kuma told me during a recent interview. “By accident, the&#xA;idea is perfectly fitting the situation with COVID.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Stephen Wade &lt;a href=&quot;https://apnews.com/article/7754afdb3ceddcd51c55672923ec79d7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AP article&lt;/a&gt; in 2019 says that there is actually a pattern to the arrangement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stadium seating rises in a steep gradient from the field level and&#xA;the nine-lane track, getting steeper the higher it goes. The colors of&#xA;the seats also get lighter the higher up you go with more brown seats&#xA;near the bottom — the earth — and more green, gray and white near the&#xA;top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Because of the gradient, it creates an atmosphere where people can&#xA;feel close,” said Takeo Takahashi, another Japan Sport Council&#xA;spokesman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-08-04T05:39:03.223" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T05:39:03.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26214" CreationDate="2021-08-04T15:20:36.810" Score="2" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find lots of explanations online of how and when is a back stick sanctioned.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;But I wasn't able to find why this rule was added or what is it trying to achieve or prevent.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In two of its closest relatives, rink and ice hockey, you can hit the ball or puck with any side of the playing end of the stick, in rink hockey the stick is totally symmetrical but not on ice hockey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the answer is that the curved side of the stick isn't very useful or accurate to strike the ball because of its curve, then it begs the question of why does the stick have a curved side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21719" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T20:36:54.293" Title="Why is back-stick penalized?" Tags="|field-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26212" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-04T18:00:18.810" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this men's C-2 1000m canoe race at Tokyo (2020/2021) Olympics (video provided by NBC Sports), it shows that near 10 meters away from the finish line, it seems that China still leads marginally, while the Cuba team is slightly behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2CYsw.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2CYsw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then Cuba catches up and surpasses China.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2u3IX.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2u3IX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About 5 meters away from the finish line, &lt;strong&gt;both teams stop rowing fiercely and they just wait to cross the finish line&lt;/strong&gt;. What is the reason for that? Is there a rule? Or is that based on some physics or physical principles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;youtube video:  &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/H-7Q5PnaNEA?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(at 181 secs of the video) &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/H-7Q5PnaNEA?start=181&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2190" LastEditorUserId="21083" LastEditDate="2021-08-24T21:50:04.453" LastActivityDate="2021-08-24T21:50:04.453" Title="Why do canoers appear to stop paddling in the final few metres of the race?" Tags="|olympics|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26211" CreationDate="2021-08-04T20:36:54.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule exists for safety reasons, both historically and today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can only play the ball using the left-hand, flat face of the stick, which places it on the right side of the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When two opponents both move to play the ball, they will be on opposite sides of the ball, minimising the risk of bodily collision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As skills have developed, top-level players are capable of rotating the stick to use the playing side in almost any position, this rule also serves to elevate the ability required, helping to make the sport more interesting as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-08-04T20:36:54.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26216" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While yoga is mostly a non-competitive activity, some competitions do exist, often regulated by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iysf.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Yoga Sports Federation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26217" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" Score="0" Body="For questions about competitive yoga only; questions about yoga for general fitness can be asked on Physical Fitness SE." OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" LastActivityDate="2021-08-05T07:15:59.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-06T08:16:24.373" Score="0" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;When doing a Lunge position in gymnastics, which position is the hands? I see it sometimes a) pointed in as below, b) or other times straight ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xiMBv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xiMBv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21417" LastActivityDate="2021-10-06T04:06:55.637" Title="Gymnastics Lunge Position, Hand position" Tags="|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26212" CreationDate="2021-08-06T08:23:39.053" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Toward the end of the race, the boats are doing fewer than 3 strokes per 10m.  Also, while the lane floats are 10m apart, they don't indicate the finish.  I believe the final floats are less than 10m from the finish line.  So the final stroke is different than the rest, but it's not like they get 5m from the end and just &amp;quot;wait&amp;quot;.   Instead the final stroke is modified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the rowers &amp;quot;reset&amp;quot; for the next stroke, they have to pick the oar up and move it from the rear of the boat to the front.  This motion will put a retarding force on the hull and will decelerate it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on the final stroke, instead of resetting (which will do no good), the rowers throw their mass as far backward as possible, hopefully shoving the tip of the hull a bit more forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll see similar finishing techniques with cyclists that &amp;quot;shove&amp;quot; the bike forward by leaning off the back as far as possible at the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T08:23:39.053" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26223" CreationDate="2021-08-06T09:37:15.257" Score="3" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching track cycling at the olympics, I noticed three lines on the track. From inner to outer, they are colored in black, red and blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1XVlW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1XVlW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;track cycling race&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of these lines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastEditorUserId="4832" LastEditDate="2021-08-06T15:05:47.693" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T15:05:47.693" Title="What is the purpose of the colored lines in track cycling?" Tags="|cycling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26222" CreationDate="2021-08-06T14:11:54.753" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The black line, officially called the &amp;quot;datum line&amp;quot;, is marked 20 cm above bottom of the track serves two purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is the point at which the track actually measures the reference distance of 250m.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It acts as a handy guide for riders riding with their heads down that &amp;quot;you're pretty close to the bottom of the track now, you might want to think about not going any lower&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The red line, the &amp;quot;sprinter's line&amp;quot;, applies only in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_(track_cycling)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;sprint races&lt;/a&gt;: when an overtaking maneouvre occurs, one rider must be below the red line and the other above it until the overtake has completed (slightly simplified).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The blue line, the &amp;quot;stayer's line&amp;quot;, applies only in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_(cycling)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Madison&lt;/a&gt;, a discipline where riders &amp;quot;tag&amp;quot; in and out as a pair. The inactive rider remains above the line until they swap with their partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: mostly &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/search/article/20150217-track-Jargon-buster--What-do-the-painted-lines-on-a-velodrome-mean--0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;British Cycling's jargon buster&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T14:11:54.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26224" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-06T16:23:18.277" Score="2" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to watch the uk premier league matches, however, I have no way of getting a tv aerial or a satellite dish for sky. I cannot get bt sport either. My only option is to get something online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried using the NowTV app online, however, I found I could only watch a match live, and the coverage was too limited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, I would like some way of being able to watch all the matches any time I want, so both live and recorded. Also, it would be good to watch some of the commentary shows as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, I want to get into Boxing, but I have no way of watching that at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am more bothered about watching recorded games than live games. When the game is live, I find it hard to make sure I am watching the game at the right time. I end up missing all the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have thought about using Kodi or some other streaming site, however, this sounds kind of dodgey. I am happy to pay for a subscription to a paid service, even up to £50 a month. I just don't have any options at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should I approach this problem? At the moment, I think I'm probably just not going to watch sports altogether, until I can get my own house with a tv aerial and satellite for sky. I don't want to use anything dodgey or shadey, just official stuff, please. Also, I live in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21730" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T16:23:18.277" Title="How can I legally watch all uk sports without sky or a tv aerial" Tags="|football|boxing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-06T16:49:51.053" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;I happened to see the final of Women's football at Tokyo Olympics between Canada and Sweden. Since there were quite a few saves and misses during kicks from the penalty mark, I have a hypothetical question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the player taking the first kick gets dizzy or cold feet or nervous or complains of illness, what happens next? What if the same thing happens to the goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-08-06T21:21:49.417" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T21:21:49.417" Title="A player doesn't want to take a kick during kicks from the penalty mark" Tags="|rules|football|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26229" CreationDate="2021-08-06T20:55:22.293" Score="2" ViewCount="444" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does rain stop play in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it because the ball will get overly wet and misshapen, or is it for players' safety as the wicket and out-field become slippy? Or some other reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21083" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T23:31:30.287" Title="Why does &quot;rain stop play&quot; in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26228" CreationDate="2021-08-06T21:00:34.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball becomes damp by absorbing water. This makes it both softer and heavier, so it loses a lot of bounce as well as reliability and integrity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ground, especially the pitch, becomes wet. The pitch in particular needs to be kept dry as much as possible to keep its own integrity, allowing the ball to bounce effectively and predictably. The field needs to be dry to prevent slipping or affecting the movement of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in the rain would turn the game into a joke, more about random luck than any skill, and add unnecessary elements of injury risk. So it is in everybody's interest to stop play at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-08-06T23:31:30.287" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T23:31:30.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26225" CreationDate="2021-08-06T21:12:18.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Kicker&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams do not have to name a kicker until the time of the kick. If a player feels they won't be able to kick, a different player can step forward to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the kicks go into 'sudden death' all eligible players must eventually take a kick before any player can take a second kick. If they refused at the point they must take a kick, they would eventually be cautioned for delaying the game or unsporting behaviour, and the kick is counted as missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the kicker is penalised for an offence committed after the referee has signalled for the kick to be taken, that kick is recorded as missed and the kicker is cautioned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Goalkeeper&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper can be replaced by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any eligible player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any player excluded to balance numbers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;any substitute, if they still had permitted substitutes remaining&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So any sensible referee will ask the team to send forward a replacement, and proceed with the kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the goalkeeper refused to &lt;em&gt;take&lt;/em&gt; a kick when required, the same conditions apply as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-08-06T21:12:18.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26231" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-07T00:39:31.367" Score="3" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oftentimes, I've noticed boxers and MMA fighters corkscrewing the jab/cross while shadowboxing. As far as I understand, this is to avoid injury at the elbow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I don't really see the corkscrewing in an actual fight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it only a method to avoid injury while shadow boxing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21733" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2023-06-29T22:39:30.993" LastActivityDate="2024-03-26T16:30:14.687" Title="Corkscrewing the punch" Tags="|boxing|mma|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26233" CreationDate="2021-08-07T01:33:17.793" Score="1" ViewCount="4536" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which single player in AFL (Australian Football League) history has played for the most clubs/teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21734" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-08-07T09:50:01.083" LastActivityDate="2023-01-11T00:11:25.800" Title="Which single player in the AFL has played for the most clubs?" Tags="|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26232" CreationDate="2021-08-07T02:12:25.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three players have played for five different clubs in the history of the V/AFL:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les Abbott&lt;/strong&gt; played for Collingwood, Carlton, Richmond, Melbourne, and Sydney between 1904 and 1912.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les Hughson&lt;/strong&gt; played for Collingwood, Hawthorn, Carlton, St Kilda, and Fitzroy between 1927 and 1937.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dale Kickett&lt;/strong&gt; played for Fitzroy, West Coast, St Kilda, Essendon, and Fremantle between 1990 and 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you consider the Brisbane Bears and Brisbane Lions as distinct entities, then you can add &lt;strong&gt;Adrian Fletcher&lt;/strong&gt;, who played for Geelong, St Kilda, Brisbane Bears, Brisbane Lions, and Fremantle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastEditorUserId="1243" LastEditDate="2021-08-07T02:54:54.120" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T02:54:54.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26234" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-07T20:21:35.137" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 4x100 m and 4x200 m races, the respective lanes for teams are fixed. It was seen during the heats of 4x400 m in Tokyo 2020 olympics that in few cases, there was lot of confusion during change of baton. Few racers had to run a little wider to avoid jostling and that costs time. It can easily be resolved if the lanes are fixed for each team. Why has it not been considered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T20:40:24.917" Title="4x400 m relay race" Tags="|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26234" CreationDate="2021-08-07T20:40:24.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is based on a false premise. This has of course been considered, and rejected for a very good reason: the outer lanes are longer than the inner lanes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 4x100m, this isn't an issue - the difference isn't that big when running one lap of the track, and the same distance is used for a regular 400m race anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the 4x200m, the stagger has to be doubled, and you're already in a state when the outer lane has to pretty much start at the end of the first bend in order to equalise the distances. This already makes it hard for spectators to get a good idea of which team is actually leading at any point due to the large spatial distances between teams when they handover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you now tried the same for the 4x400m, you'd have to double the stagger &lt;em&gt;again&lt;/em&gt; and you'd end up with the team in the outer lane starting somewhere around about the start of the second bend (i.e. what is the end of the back straight for the team in the inner lane). This would be getting silly, so instead teams break after the first 500m.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T20:40:24.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26237" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-07T23:50:40.277" Score="1" ViewCount="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we do pull up and chin up, or similar motions in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rings (Olympics sports)&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_bar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;high horizontal bar&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are there recommended ways to breathe in order to maximize the amounts of pull up and chin up that we can perform?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Should we inhale or exhale when we go to the top, or go down to the bottom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Inhale (up at the top), exhale (down to the bottom).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Exhale (up at the top), inhale (down to the bottom).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p.s. There are breathing techniques for jogging, like two inhale and two exhale ---&#xA;&amp;quot;in-in-out-out,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;in-in-out-out.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/pd77q9q2gsxq7hv/Screen%20Shot%202021-08-07%20at%207.37.54%20PM.png?dl=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eCngu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eCngu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U9GLh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U9GLh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ke3YF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ke3YF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2190" LastActivityDate="2021-08-07T23:50:40.277" Title="Breathing techniques for pull up and chin up, or rings or high horizontal bar" Tags="|technique|strategy|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26240" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26242" CreationDate="2021-08-08T12:52:43.137" Score="3" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi#2020%E2%80%9321:_Final_season_at_Barcelona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lionel Messi wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On 1 July 2021, Messi became a free agent after his contract expired,&#xA;with negotiations on a new deal complicated due to financial issues at&#xA;Barcelona. On 5 August, Barcelona announced that Lionel Messi would&#xA;not be staying at the club, &lt;strong&gt;despite both of the parties reaching an&#xA;agreement and were due to sign a contract that day&lt;/strong&gt;. The club cited&#xA;financial and structural obstacles posed by the La Liga regulations as&#xA;a reason for Messi's departure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't get what's going on here. If Messi and the club reached an agreement, what exactly stopped them from simply signing the contract? Is it possible to deduce the reason from the information that is publicly available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21742" LastActivityDate="2021-08-25T03:11:32.333" Title="Why does Lionel Messi &quot;have&quot; to leave Barcelona?" Tags="|football|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26240" CreationDate="2021-08-08T13:40:53.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stumbling block seems to have been the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/La-Liga-Salary-Cap-rule-explained/2867&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;La Liga salary cap&lt;/a&gt;; while Messi and Barcelona reached an agreement they were both happy with, the league were not happy with the contract under their salary cap/financial fair play rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's some more details in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58114034&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this BBC article&lt;/a&gt; in which gives some details of the potential contract arrangement, in particular that Messi's wages for 2 years of playing would actually be paid over 5 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T13:40:53.403" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-08T14:17:54.757" Score="3" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In light of the Tokyo Olympics and how equestrian events at high level deal not only with sportsmen who need to be at their best, but &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; their rides, needing to be in absolute peak condition in order to enable a good performance on the field, I'm curious as to how much preparation goes into ensuring the horses are fit to compete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few questions I came up with in order to better understand how complex equestrian logistics actually are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the main mode of transportation used to move the horses to their destination?&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any special processes to be undertaken &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; transportation, in order to minimise stress on the horses?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What special measures are taken &lt;strong&gt;during&lt;/strong&gt; transportation, given that competing horses are not &amp;quot;common&amp;quot; livestock?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How much in advance to the competition do the horses usually arrive on their destination?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What measures are taken at the destination so the horses adequate to the climate of the region and recover from the trip?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20876" LastActivityDate="2021-08-08T14:17:54.757" Title="How are logistics and preparations for international equestrian events dealt with?" Tags="|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26245" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26246" CreationDate="2021-08-09T23:25:54.560" Score="16" ViewCount="3426" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/58152978&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the news&lt;/a&gt; about the rule regarding fuel left&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vettel was disqualified from second place after his car was found to have less than the mandatory one litre of fuel required for post-race testing. [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;stewards said that the article in the F1 rules relevant to the case &amp;quot;unequivocally call for a remaining amount of one litre [of fuel] and does not allow any exceptions under which circumstances or for what reasons&amp;quot; less was available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the reason for the lack of fuel [a leak] was deemed &amp;quot;not relevant&amp;quot; to the disqualification, and the team's case was rejected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the official motivation for requiring at least one liter of fuel left in the tank?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21748" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T14:43:31.167" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T14:43:31.167" Title="What's the (official) motivation for requiring cars to have at least one liter of fuel post-race?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26245" CreationDate="2021-08-09T23:51:37.577" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;It allows for sufficient samples of fuel to be taken after the race to confirm that it complies with regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/vettels-fuel-sampe-dq-why-it-happened-and-what-comes-next/6641092/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;autosport.com article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIA needs that much fuel because initially it provides three samples, one that is tested by the FIA fuel specialist at the track, one that goes to an independent lab, and one that is retained by the team. Some is also kept should a more detailed form of testing be required later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T07:10:36.540" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T07:10:36.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26247" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26248" CreationDate="2021-08-10T12:09:02.903" Score="1" ViewCount="784" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing 3v3 today with some friends and a defender blocked the shot and the ball bounced off the rim and out of bounds. I claimed that the rim is considered part of the offense, so the defense would assume possession. No one else had heard of that rule but I’ve always thought that was how you play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this scenario who receive the ball after a blocked shot off the rim?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21751" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-10T14:23:12.817" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T14:23:12.817" Title="Who gets possession after a shot is blocked off the rim?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26247" CreationDate="2021-08-10T13:48:14.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't say what rules you play under, but the NBA rules are fairly standard here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-8-out-of-bounds-and-throw-in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 8&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is caused to go out-of-bounds by the last player to touch it (including by touching the player’s hair or uniform) before it goes out, provided it is out-of-bounds because of touching something other than a player. If the ball is out-of-bounds because of touching a player who is on or outside a boundary, such player caused it to go out. If a player has his hand in contact with the ball and an opponent hits that part of the hand causing the ball to go out-of-bounds, the team whose player had his hand on the ball will retain possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no special exception for the rim, and no other part of Rule 8 mentions the rim.  So, yes, if a defender blocks a shot into the rim, and then it goes out of bounds, the offense would regain possession.  In fact, if the shooter's hand is hit by the defender, causing the ball to go out of bounds, but the defender doesn't actually touch the ball, the offense &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; retains possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-10T13:48:14.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22533" CreationDate="2021-08-11T15:25:07.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is played on a hole-by-hole basis so once you have lost the hole you can pick up. The rules even encourage you to pick up when you are out of a hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.randa.org/en/rog/2019/rules/the-rules-of-golf/rule-21#21-3b&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From the R&amp;amp;A Rules 21.3b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scoring in Par/Bogey&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player’s score is higher than the fixed score, or no score is returned, the player loses the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who does not hole out under the Rules for any reason loses the hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To help pace of play, players are encouraged to stop playing a hole when their score exceeds the fixed score (as they have lost the hole).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2021-08-11T15:25:07.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26264" CreationDate="2021-08-12T11:59:54.530" Score="3" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Olympic combined climbing, the three scores are multiplied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I want to know what happens if there is a tie. Consider the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Climber A: 1st speed, 2nd Bouldering, 3rd lead&#xA;Climber B: 2nd speed, 3rd Bouldering, 1st lead&#xA;Climber C: 3rd speed, 1st Bouldering, 2nd lead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three finish on 1x2x3=6 points. How is the winner decided in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21760" LastEditorUserId="21760" LastEditDate="2021-08-12T16:10:24.580" LastActivityDate="2021-08-16T20:11:57.667" Title="Tie breaker in combined climbing" Tags="|rules|olympics|climbing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26254" CreationDate="2021-08-13T06:25:01.360" Score="9" ViewCount="2095" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a casual baseball fan, and by that I mean exclusively watching through &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl9E4Zxa8CVr2LBLD0_TaNg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jomboy breakdown videos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a recent video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej_ozxgLAdI&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Manager WANTS a balk to be called, a breakdown&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, he starts off with saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We've got another balk breakdown. &amp;quot;Did he balk?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Did he not balk?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;What's a balk?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;What are all these rules?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm exactly in line with these exclamations - I'm not even sure what a balk is. Something to do with actions the pitcher isn't allowed to do before or during a pitch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video, the play involves the pitcher stepping behind the plate, chasing after a runner, and then a bunch of passes in an attempt to tag the runner. After the play finishes, the opposing coach exclaims, &amp;quot;He balked!&amp;quot; seemingly in an attempt to invalidate the tag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched for &amp;quot;balk&amp;quot; on YouTube and came up with this discussion of another play &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w92D8PseSAk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;What constitutes a balk?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; where they explain what constitutes a balk, but they talk about terms like &lt;em&gt;breaking hands&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;clearing the rubber&lt;/em&gt;, and overall this seems like a more refined discussion once you already understand what a balk is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a way that a casual baseball fan could appreciate, what is a balk? When would a pitcher want to balk? When would a pitcher want to avoid a balk?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I can take it a step further, what motivated the balk rule in baseball - what kind of behavior is it trying to prevent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21763" LastEditorUserId="21763" LastEditDate="2021-08-13T14:52:52.173" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T05:07:21.533" Title="What is a balk?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26253" CreationDate="2021-08-13T07:19:52.547" Score="13" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Balk&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/rules/balk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A balk occurs when a pitcher makes an illegal motion on the mound that the umpire deems to be deceitful to the runner(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly what constitutes a balk is summed up in section 8 of the MLB rules, which describes a legal pitching delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Section 8 PDF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would describe a balk as faking a pitch to draw the runner off base and attempt a pick-off.  Note that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/fed/6.0.htm#624&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;actual balk rules&lt;/a&gt; (standard secondary school rules) are more complicated than that.  For example, it is also a balk to fake a pick-off and then throw the pitch.  The exact opposite of the more common form.  Which is why they talk about illegal motion and deceit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Baserunning&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll step back and explain some baseball on the theory that people who don't know what a balk is may not know how baserunning works.  This may or may not be known to the asker already.  Anyone who is confident that they understand how baserunning, particularly stolen bases, works may skip this.  But I would like to get to a base understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a runner is on base (first, second, or third), the runner may stop touching the base and take a &amp;quot;lead&amp;quot; on running to the next base.  A pitcher may throw to the current or next base to &amp;quot;pick off&amp;quot; the runner.  If the runner is &amp;quot;tagged&amp;quot; (touched by someone holding the ball) while not touching the base, the runner is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not uncommon for a runner to start in motion as the pitcher is throwing the pitch.  This has some risks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the runner starts too soon, the pitcher can pick off the runner rather than pitch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batter hits the ball and a fielder catches it on the fly (not on a bounce), the batter is out and the runner needs to return to the original base.  If a defensive player tags either the base or the runner before the runner returns to the base, the runner is out as well.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the batter does not make contact with the ball, the catcher may throw the ball to try to catch the runner off base.  If the runner is tagged while off base, the runner is out.  This is called &amp;quot;caught stealing&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The advantage of going in motion early is that it allows the runner to go farther if the batter hits the ball such that it is fielded after a bounce.  For example, a runner might be able to score from second base on a single (the hitter is only able to reach first base), because the runner doesn't have to drop the bat, start in motion, and begins with a lead.  And of course, a &amp;quot;stolen base&amp;quot; is when the hitter does not make contact and the defensive team can't tag the runner before the runner reaches the next base.  So two ways early motion may help the baserunner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Why?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If pitchers could balk legally, then they should balk whenever there is a baserunner.  So before every pitch, they should fake a pick-off move until the runner is moving back to the base.  Then, while the runner is moving back to the base, they should throw the pitch.  Apparently the people who were setting the rules for baseball in 1898 found games played that way to be boring (or possibly ungentlemanly, as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/26253/what-is-a-balk#comment35806_26254&quot;&gt;John Bollinger suggests&lt;/a&gt;).  So they made the balk rule against such behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Over time, the balk rule has evolved into its modern form which prescribes how a pitcher may pitch or attempt to pick off a runner.  An observant runner may rely on certain motions indicating the start of the pitch and start in motion without worrying about the pitcher attempting a pick-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative would be to take away the pitcher's ability to pick off runners.  But in that case, the runner could just move almost to the next base.  Which would increase the risks of a line out or fly ball but otherwise overwhelmingly favor the offensive team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might suggest that an alternative would be to require the runner to stay on the base rather than take a lead (or within a fixed distance).  Then there would be no pick-off move and no need for a balk rule.  But enforcing that would have been annoying, particularly before instant replay.  Coaches/pitchers would be constantly complaining about runners who started running too early and it would be hard for the runners to know exactly when they could leave the base.  Basically it would tend to lead to a lot of rules lawyering, which most people don't find fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By contrast, a balk happens before the play starts and is dependent only on the behavior of the pitcher.  And of course at that time, everyone would be looking at the pitcher to see when play starts.  So it's easier to enforce rules on the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As stands, the possibility of a pick-off or a stolen base adds excitement to the game.  Balk rules are a necessary evil for that excitement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-08-14T05:07:21.533" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T05:07:21.533" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26253" CreationDate="2021-08-13T15:29:32.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ELI5 version of this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pitcher is required to do certain things in a certain way when they are in the process of releasing a pitch.  If they do not do them in the right order, or if they start doing them and get to a certain point but then stop, it is a balk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is because the runner may rely on the pitcher doing those things in order to determine when to start running on a steal attempt (or &amp;quot;runners going&amp;quot; situation, like 2 outs 3-2 count runner on first). If the pitcher does not do the things they are required to do, or starts to do them and then stops too late in the sequence, then it misleads  the runner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-13T15:29:32.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26257" CreationDate="2021-08-14T00:27:38.173" Score="0" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Chicago White Sox and the New York Yankees played an MLB game at the Field of Dreams in August 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the reasoning behind MLB hosting a game there? Was there any significance to the chosen teams, and also why was the game so anticipated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T03:35:22.873" Title="Field of Dreams Game" Tags="|trivia|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26256" CreationDate="2021-08-14T03:35:22.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_of_Dreams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Field of Dreams&lt;/a&gt; was a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097351/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;movie&lt;/a&gt; adaptation of the book &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_(novel)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shoeless Joe&lt;/a&gt; by W. P. Kinsella.  I won't spoil the plot here (be careful of clicking links though), but it included an appearance by the ghost of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shoeless Joe Jackson&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Black Sox scandal&lt;/a&gt; of 1919.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB_at_Field_of_Dreams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball (MLB) game&lt;/a&gt; was held on a special-built field near the one used in the movie (which is preserved as a tourist attraction).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Chicago White Sox were chosen because of the story's focus on Shoeless Joe Jackson, who played for the White Sox in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Major_League_Baseball_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1919&lt;/a&gt;.  In the story, the Chicago White Sox played the New York Yankees in an externalization of the protagonist's internal conflicts between the logic of his adult thinking and the emotion of his childhood (my interpretation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Random observations&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stats site 538 listed the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/what-if-field-of-dreams-got-a-do-over-our-picks-for-an-updated-lineup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;players&lt;/a&gt; in the film (including some who did not actually appear but may have been implied).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Archibald &amp;quot;Moonlight&amp;quot; Graham played for the New York Giants, who later moved to San Francisco.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fictional author Terrence Mann dreamed of playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers, who later moved to Los Angeles.  Brooklyn is part of New York City.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The New York Yankees have made the &lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.batchgeo.com/mapping-world-series-winners-and-losers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;most appearances and wins&lt;/a&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might have been interesting to have had the game between the White Sox and either the Cincinnati Reds, the winner of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1919 World Series&lt;/a&gt;, or the LA Dodgers, who (as the Brooklyn Robins) were the National League team from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_World_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1920 World Series&lt;/a&gt;.  The &amp;quot;Black Sox&amp;quot; players were banned from baseball starting in 1920.  So those choices would have been the series as it should have been played in 1919 or the series that could have been in 1920.  But neither of those was the direction that the story took.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T03:35:22.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26259" CreationDate="2021-08-14T04:08:18.330" Score="3" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;So in high jump, the bar gets increasingly raised and athletes can elect to sit out a given height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess one reason for that is to preserve energy. But then what are the drawbacks of sitting out? If you fail at your chosen entry height, then it wouldn't have helped you to complete the lower heights anyway, would it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21768" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T04:53:42.940" Title="What strategic considerations go into passing at an attempt in events such as high jump?" Tags="|rules|strategy|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26258" CreationDate="2021-08-14T04:53:42.940" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 2 general cases when athletes pass on jumps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The height is too low&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They want to go up in the standings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually when an athlete starts jumping, they don't pass to preserve energy. The jumps start at a lower height and incrementally get higher. So a better jumper might skip the first few jumps, while the others attempt them. Once the jumper starts jumping, they won't skip to preserve energy. So they do care about energy preservation, but that happens when the height is too low.&#xA;Sometimes a high caliber jumper might go for a low height jump and then skip  a few till their usual starting height, just to get the jitters out (this scenario might be more relevant to pole vault than high jump).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason to skip is to catch up to the jumpers that already cleared the height, this usually only happens towards the end of the competition. This is because of the tie breaking rules, or the countback. If jumpers are tied on a height, the advantage goes to the person that took the least amount of tries to clear that height. If still tied, advantage goes to the person with fewest misses throughout the competition. To explain this, let's go over an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 4 jumpers left. 2 jumpers just cleared 2.00 meters and haven't missed on any jumps so far. Third jumper cleared 2.00 meters on their 3rd attempt, and they had no prior misses before this height. You've had 2 misses on 2.00 meters, and 2 more on previous heights. So if you make the 2.00 meters jump on your third and last try, you remain 4th due to countback. The first 2 jumpers will be tied for first, the third jumper is in third position, and you in fourth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But 2.00 meters is really close to everyone's personal best here, and a 2.02 meters jump might win the competition.&#xA;In this case, it'd be advantageous for you to skip 2.00 meters, and do your next jump at 2.02 meters.&#xA;If you make 2.02 meters, and everyone else misses out, you win the competition. Or if anyone misses their first try on 2.02 meters, you'll move ahead of them.&#xA;The skip has little downside. Had you not passed, regardless of missing or passing your third try on 2.00 meters, you would've still been in the 4th position. The only upside of not passing is that if you make the jump, you get a new set of 3 jumps. Since 2.00 meters is close to your PB, you might as well move up and try clutch the next jump.&#xA;But in another situation if 2.00 meters is well within your and other aesthetes' capabilities, you may not risk the skip and instead go for the easy jump and ensure you remain in the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So skipping towards the end is strategic to push for a better standing, specially if a qualification, or a medal/podium spot is at stake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-08-14T04:53:42.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26251" CreationDate="2021-08-16T20:11:57.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Googling proved surprisingly useless, but finally I just went straight to the source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn.ifsc-climbing.org/images/World_Competitions/IFSC_Rules_2020_v151_PUBLIC_compressed.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cdn.ifsc-climbing.org/images/World_Competitions/IFSC_Rules_2020_v151_PUBLIC_compressed.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;each relevant competitor will be ranked in ascending order of the Ranking Point Total (i.e.&#xA;lower values are better), provided that where any competitors have the same Ranking Point&#xA;Total, the relative ranking of the tied competitors shall be determined for any round:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;by comparing the head-to-head performance of such competitors within the round; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;where following (1) any competitors remain tied, by comparing:&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;where applicable, the Combined Ranking following the Qualification round; and/or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if necessary, the Seeding of the relevant competitors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not spelled out what a &amp;quot;head-to-head&amp;quot; comparison of the performance means. In your example, I feel that the competitors have the &lt;em&gt;same&lt;/em&gt; head-to-head performance, because they had the exact same rankings, just in different stages of the event, and they're all supposed to be of equal importance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So then in your example, they'd be compared based on their seeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess an example with head to head comparison could be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Climber 1: 1st, 1st, 6th&#xA;Climber 2: 2nd, 3rd, 1st.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my understanding, in this case, Climber 1 will win, because he beat the other climber twice and only lost to that other climber once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21768" LastActivityDate="2021-08-16T20:11:57.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-19T01:11:34.230" Score="0" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;On my inline skates the heel brake is on the right foot.  When I turn right with the slalom / parallel method, the heel brake sides catch the ground and limit my tilt angle of my blades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The brakes are already adjusted to be as high off the ground as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I doing something wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blades: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rollerblade.com/products/macroblade-80-abt-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.rollerblade.com/products/macroblade-80-abt-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21781" LastEditorUserId="21781" LastEditDate="2021-08-19T01:21:01.633" LastActivityDate="2021-08-19T01:21:01.633" Title="Inline Skates: Slalom / Parallel Turns Skidding Heel Brake" Tags="|inline-skating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-21T07:08:57.560" Score="0" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 100 Meter Dash or Canoeing, there is no space to let all Participants run at once, hence there are numerous qualification rounds where 10 (or a little more) Participants run and try to get selected for the final round. This final round is not 1-on-1, rather it is all-at-once with all qualifying Participants. This makes sense, because each Participant has to run as fast as possible without &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; strategies or &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; tactics.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[[ If 100 Meter Dash were 1-on-1, it would take ages to complete ! ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, I have used and highlighted &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt;, for lack of a better word; I am using it to mean that there are no reactionary or defensive actions in Racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Boxing or Wrestling, it is 1-on-1 where each Pair has one winner who moves to the next round. This makes sense because the Participants fight with &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; strategies or &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; tactics. The final match is against the 2 Best Participants.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[[ If Boxing were all-at-once, the results would be random ! ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here too, I have used and highlighted &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt;, in the same sense; I am using it to mean that there are reactionary &amp;amp; defensive actions in Boxing &amp;amp; Wrestling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Olympic Shooting, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/shooting/results-10m-air-rifle-women-qual-000100-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schedule&lt;/a&gt; , there was one all-at-once qualification round with 50 Participants where 8 qualified for the all-at-once finals.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;While Shooting is similar to Archery with some other weapon, there was no 1-on-1 format. There was some rationale to select all-at-once rather than 1-on-1 here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In Archery, the participants have to hit the target to get Highest Points, without &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; strategies or &lt;strong&gt;competitive&lt;/strong&gt; tactics. It is similar to 100 Meter Dash and not similar to Boxing.&#xA;The Archery results would be the same if it were all-at-once (with qualification rounds, if required) and it would be completed faster. [[ faster in terms of total number of rounds &amp;amp; number of rounds to reach the finals ]]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/archery/olympic-schedule-and-results.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schedule&lt;/a&gt; [[ https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/archery/olympic-schedule-and-results.htm ]] we see that Archery is 1-on-1, taking too much time or rather too many rounds. Why is that ?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Here is an alternative : Why not let 8 teams Participate all-at-once in 2 qualification rounds ? The top 4+4 can move to the finals. In this way, there is the Possibility of having more teams Participate at the Olympics.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;While Archery is similar to Shooting with some other weapon, there was no all-at-once format. I am looking for the rationale to select 1-on-1 rather than all-at-once here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2021-08-22T07:09:08.887" LastActivityDate="2021-08-24T03:14:09.467" Title="Why is Olympic Archery 1-on-1 rather than all-at-once?" Tags="|rules|olympics|schedule|archery|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26268" CreationDate="2021-08-21T15:35:23.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Archery, the participants have to hit the target to get Highest Points, without competitive strategies or competitive tactics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is only true of the first round.  In the first round, the archers shoot a set number of arrows (72) and are scored by where they hit the target (0-10).  But no one is eliminated after the first round.  After the first round, the archers compete one-on-one by shooting to see who can win three sets first.  Sets in this context are like rounds within one match.  Ties count as half.  There might not be defense there, but there is competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One issue is that breaking up into sets encourages the archers to try their best in each set.  Because it is winning three sets that matters.  Someone can lose the first two sets by a lot, tie the third, and win the next three sets by one shot each and win the match.  If it was simply the total score that mattered, archers who weren't doing well wouldn't have much reason to try in later shots.  The sport would be less competitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another issue is that those who make the rules feel that the stress of competition makes shooting more difficult.  Example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rookieroad.com/archery/top-10-archery-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shooting in a specific amount of time can be challenging for archers as they have to battle their nerves and stress from competition. The natural fear of competition can trigger the fight or flight response which makes it more challenging for archers to get a good shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether or not they are correct is another matter.  But that's why they chose the format.  Because they feel that it makes it harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/archery/brackets-men-s-individual.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's Individual Olympic results&lt;/a&gt;, this changed who won.  None of the top three after the first (ranking) round advanced to the semi-finals, so they didn't medal.  The second and fourth scorers from the first round made it to the quarterfinals, but neither the first nor third did.  The eventual winner defeated the second ranked archer in the quarterfinals and had been ranked tenth after the first round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under your system, all three of the medalists would have lost.  Three different people would have won.  So it wouldn't just have been faster.  It would have produced different results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we switch to look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/archery/brackets-men-s-team.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's Team results&lt;/a&gt;, they finished the whole thing in one day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think that time was a significant limitation for them.  If it was, they could have simply added more ranges.  As it was, they finished all five competitions in only eight days (24th to 31st in July; out of seventeen for the Olympics).  None of the three team competitions took more than a single day.  They had time to support more competitors, at least twice what they actually had.  Beyond that, they could have added more ranges.  Just putting the men and women on separate ranges would have given them an extra day.  Putting different brackets of the men's individual on separate ranges would have allowed them to pick up more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-08-22T05:07:53.027" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T05:07:53.027" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10742" CreationDate="2021-08-21T21:12:19.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The longest (inactive) winning Olympic gold-medal streak to date, won by the same country is in Men’s Pole Vault — 16 golds (from Athens 1896 to Mexico 1968) by the USA.  Held for 72 years but was broken only in 1972 (with a great controversy about the poles, although the silver medal still went to the USA).  Also, the first tie in the M.E. Olympic Games was in M-Pole Vault gold victory in London 1908 between Edward Cooke and Alfred A.C. Gilbert.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21789" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-22T04:44:42.213" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T04:44:42.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26196" CreationDate="2021-08-22T09:27:29.330" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When there are rules in a game, it allows events to be conducted fairly and the winner can be selected based on skill levels. The Olympic Committee or other Sports Associations may tweak or vary the rules of a game over time, but the game will still be the same unless the changes are substantial and Demonstrate Different Skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 1:&lt;/strong&gt; 100 Meter Dash versus 200 Meter Dash versus Marathon are considered separate events requiring separate skills, but running with blue clothes versus running with green clothes will be the same event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 2:&lt;/strong&gt; Playing Basket Ball with team size of 12 versus team size of 14 will be the same game, but replacing the Basket with a large goal makes a new game like Hand Ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 3:&lt;/strong&gt; Playing cricket over 5 Days with 4 innings versus 1 Day with 50 overs each side has substantial Differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eg 4:&lt;/strong&gt;  Tennis on grass court versus clay court is almost same, but changing the court to a small table makes a new game Table Tennis with associated equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Running versus Walking:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are totally Different with Running always being faster than Walking; No one would ever Walk in a Running Race and finish last while the others would have run and finished much earlier. Hence Walking is a separate event where running is not allowed. Walking fast skills involve Posture, Arm Motion, Stamina, Stride, etc. Running involves reacting to the gun fire, leaping start, acceleration, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swimming:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In swimming, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/comparing-and-contrasting-the-four-main-swimming-strokes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt; have unique challenges and unique advantages, making the Differences substantial and hence considered separate events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that there were many other strokes and variations earlier in Competitive Swimming, but these were gradually removed, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.britannica.com/sports/swimming-sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Britannica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the Point about running with specific colours of clothes, there was a time when swimmers used advanced high-tech body-suits and broke world records, but these advancements were banned, yet the event still remains the same because these changes in rules are not substantial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, there have been Debates, which resulted in Changes in rules over the years. Currently, the status is that the Strokes require separate skills and accordingly, separate events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-08-22T14:31:24.730" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T14:31:24.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26196" CreationDate="2021-08-22T15:06:29.530" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with most sports, undoubtedly much of the reason is historical.  It wasn't to suppress innovation, but actually as a result of it; for most of swimming history, &amp;quot;freestyle&amp;quot; was always where the innovation occurred (hence the name, meaning you could do whatever you wanted stroke-wise) and the other strokes were to preserve specific strokes that otherwise would have been lost to that innovation.  The quotes below are from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/olympics/longterm/swimming/swimstrk.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Washington Post article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Breaststroke was the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; swimming stroke in modern Europe, written about in the sixteenth century, and undoubtedly is part of the games for that reason; until the 19th century, it seems to have been the primary stroke, and was the main stroke used in early 19th century competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By 1837, when modern competitive swimming began in London, several indoor pools already existed. The National Swimming Society regulated competition. The breaststroke and the recently developed sidestroke were used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other strokes developed from these for the most part.  The sidestroke gave way to the front crawl, though it's unclear why the sidestroke didn't persist but the breaststroke did (I'd guess probably because the breaststroke had been around for centuries, and the sidestroke hadn't, but it's just a guess).  The front crawl itself had been practiced thousands of years ago, but wasn't a thing in Europe at the time; it had, though, been remembered by other cultures, such as the Native Americans who medaled at a competition using a form of crawl:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1844, Native Americans swam in a London meet. Flying Gull swam 130 feet in 30 seconds to defeat Tobacco and win a medal. Their stroke was described as thrashing the water with their arms in a motion &amp;quot;like a windmill&amp;quot; and kicking in an up-and-down motion. This early form of the front crawl was successful in that race, but the English continued to prefer the breaststroke for competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Butterfly evolved directly from the breaststroke, as an attempt to improve breaststroke performance.  It was made illegal during breaststroke competitions, but was made its own stroke in competition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though the butterfly breaststroke, as it was called, was faster than the breaststroke, the dolphin fishtail kick was declared a violation of competitive rules. For the next 20 years, champion breaststrokers used an out-of-water arm recovery (butterfly) with a shortened breaststroke kick. In the late 1950s, the butterfly stroke with the dolphin kick was legalized as a separate stroke for competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article doesn't mention why backstroke is its own event, and I can't find an explanation, so I won't guess, other than to note that it's a popular stroke among the less fit, given its ease when not swimming competitively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, it seems likely that the breaststroke and the butterfly, at least, exist in competition because that's all there &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; in competition originally; and then later, the breaststroke became a specifically mentioned stroke (as opposed to &amp;quot;freestyle&amp;quot;, which now just means the crawl) presumably to protect those swimmers who enjoyed success at the breaststroke once the crawl was introduced to competitive swimming (and clearly far superior, speed-wise).   The butterfly was presumably made a competitive stroke for the same reason - to allow people to do the interesting new stroke without affecting the breaststroke competitors who wanted to do it the traditional way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-08-22T17:33:24.870" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T17:33:24.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26196" CreationDate="2021-08-22T20:03:34.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If everything were freestyle, then the only stroke that we would ever see would be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_crawl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;front crawl&lt;/a&gt;.  As that's the only stroke used in freestyle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We had pretty much that situation twice.  The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.swimming.org/sport/history-of-breaststroke/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;breaststroke&lt;/a&gt; was the original competitive swimming stroke.  The front crawl was an innovation.  Everyone switched to it.  So no one was doing the breaststroke anymore.  As a result, they made a separate event for just the breaststroke, where the front crawl was prohibited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, the butterfly stroke was developed as a better version of the breaststroke.  After about twenty years, people wanted to see the breaststroke again, so a separate event was created.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In theory, I can see how this might have restricted innovation.  But in practice, the butterfly stroke would not exist if there'd only been freestyle.  Because it is a variant of the breaststroke, which no one swims in freestyle.  So the separate breaststroke actually enhanced innovation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The greater restriction on innovation is the requirement that swimmers keep their heads high enough to breathe.  Without that, swimmers might try to swim the race underwater using the dolphin or fish kicks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that different strokes highlight different skills.  For example, holding one's breath isn't as important in backstroke, where one's face is in the air almost the entire time.  But it is important in the other strokes where pushing one's face out of the water in order to breathe slows the swimmer down.  The breaststroke requires stronger legs than the others and the latissimus dorsi is less important.  As a result, there are some swimmers who compete in the breaststroke or backstroke who wouldn't be competitive in freestyle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Backstroke is helpful in long distance swimming where one needs to catch one's breath.  Some people recommend that triathlon competitors learn it for that reason.  The butterfly includes the dolphin kick, which is superior underwater.  The breaststroke builds stronger legs and emphasizes different arm and back muscles.    So someone who just wants to swim (not competitively) may want to learn the other strokes.  And people may enjoy seeing the other strokes used in competition, even if they aren't the fastest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You of course are free not to care about that and only watch people do the front crawl in freestyle.  Freestyle is the most prominent with the most alternative distances already, so that is easy to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-08-22T20:03:34.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26268" CreationDate="2021-08-24T03:14:09.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer, as with why they organize any sport in any fashion, is excitement, and history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Archery was removed from the Olympic Games for several decades, due to lack of consistency in the rules&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://archery360.com/2021/04/13/the-history-of-olympic-archery/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.  In the 1930s, several countries joined together to create the first governing body of competitive Archery - then called FITA, now the World Archery Federation. Archery did not return to the olympics until &lt;a href=&quot;https://archery360.com/2021/04/13/the-history-of-olympic-archery/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1972 (Munich)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They changed the format in 1992 to the &amp;quot;Olympic Round&amp;quot;, which was introduced in &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20110222220646/http://www.archery.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;https://shootingtime.com/archery/olympic-archery/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;make the sport more watchable&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Olympic medal competitions in archery, the Archery Olympic Round is currently used. This was introduced to make the sport more watchable as a competitive event, and was developed by World Archery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why they didn't do that with shooting - apparently they didn't think they needed to.  More importantly, though, shooting has been part of nearly every olympics since 1896, &lt;a href=&quot;https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Factsheets-Reference-Documents/Games/OG/History-of-sports/Reference-document-Shooting-History-at-the-OG.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;only missing two&lt;/a&gt;, 1904 and 1928, and has had a world federation for nearly the entire time (since 1907).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-24T03:14:09.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26279" CreationDate="2021-08-25T17:20:47.277" Score="0" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;Understandably, the NBA is centered around the 3 point shot so most players are not working in the paint. However, there are many big men out there who lack much offensive game other than dunking on a pick and roll.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Defensively most big men these days are just rim protectors and don't have to worry about defending against players who play with their back to the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't this create somewhat of a defensive deficiency where a player who could reliably make a hook shoot could crush an opposing team offensively because today's modern offenses are field players who simply lacked the size to defend it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21784" LastActivityDate="2021-08-26T06:14:49.243" Title="Why is the hook shot used so little in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26278" CreationDate="2021-08-26T06:14:49.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the hook shot is not an efficient shot, largely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hook shots are much more difficult than other &amp;quot;close-in&amp;quot; shots; while they solve the issue of the defender blocking you (somewhat), they are harder to aim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You say &amp;quot;a player who could reliably make a hook shot could crush an opposing team&amp;quot;.  Sure!  But that player doesn't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thepointgod.com/nba/is-the-hook-shot-dead&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this analysis of hook shots from last year&lt;/a&gt;, nobody makes 60% - and only a small number of players even make 50%.  Sure, nearly 60% is pretty good (it's better than most shots from anywhere other than &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; at the rim), but it's not earth-shatteringly good; remember &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-mapping-shots-in-the-nba-changed-it-forever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this chart&lt;/a&gt;?  1.2 EP is your average three point shot from the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So maybe Robin Lopez should take some more hook shots; but Robin was also making 33.3% of his three point shots, so it's not like he was leaving a ton of points on the table.  And you can't ignore the difficult of getting the ball in to the player to take the hook shot, nor the likelihood that, were Robin (or Nikola or Brook) to start taking more hook shots, defenders would play them differently and defend the hook better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also slightly object to your premise; &amp;quot;big men&amp;quot; aren't just rim protectors.  Plenty of big men are also shooters from the outside - see the Lopez brothers for example.  But that's the thing - the ones who might be able to make a decent living with the hook shot &lt;em&gt;are also the good outside shooters&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-26T06:14:49.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1477" CreationDate="2021-08-26T06:47:32.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two things:&#xA;The red cars is behind the blue and therefore has to give way. However, by 'lifting' of the throttle on the red car, this may cause a crash due to loss of downforce on the front left hand tire, the red car would therefore understeer and a crash would occur. The red car is clearly in the wrong in taking a dive down the inside and not getting its front wheels in front of the car it is proposing to overtake before it reaches the apex of that bend, should the blue car give way? Well, the blue car doesn't know if it has to give way until its ability to meet the apex of the bend has been denied it!!. So what to do, if the red car causes the blue car to leave the circuit or crashes into the blue car, then clearly the red car is in the wrong, if the blue car manages to navigate the bend without leaving the circuit or crashing, then the blue cars 'crowding' in which case the blue car is in the wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens mostly on the track is 'crowding' on bends instead of drivers taking the fastest line through a bend. Crowding is an offence in the same class as brake testing (overbraking) of following cars. However this is not to be confused with &amp;quot;slinging one up the inside&amp;quot;, where a faster car or a car with better brakes, can outbrake a car onto the apex of a bend and then deliberately slow onto the apex in order to move round that bend without having to use all of the track and therefore allowing the overtaken car to use the outside of that bend in order to negotiate that bend without having to incur a penalty for leaving the circuit. If you sling one up the inside and you cause the overtaken car to leave the circuit, then you are in the wrong and should have a penalty. If you cause that car to crash or you crash into it, then must receive a penalty also. In applying this type of penalty you must also consider whether the car being overtaken has crowded you and has therefore caused their own demise in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21797" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-26T15:30:07.210" LastActivityDate="2021-08-26T15:30:07.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-26T14:47:29.147" Score="0" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to several wikis, Q/A websites, etc. Lionel Messi holds the record of most successful dribblings in World Cup matches. Not sure where these stats comes from but apparently it was made by some british company of sports analysis. Also, competitions like Copa América played by his national team also release dribbling stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there stats on how many successful dribblings has Lionel Messi made with his national team including all official matches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T13:24:30.187" Title="Are there stats on how many successful dribblings has Lionel Messi made with his national team?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26283" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-26T17:42:54.853" Score="0" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which NBA basketball player has attempted the most shots in their career, and how many of them did they make?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21798" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-27T12:35:25.013" LastActivityDate="2021-08-27T12:35:25.013" Title="Which NBA player has the most career shots?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25391" CreationDate="2021-08-26T21:38:51.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer has been significantly improved based on insights from @olmomiau.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Edinburgh Half Marathon never used a world record eligible course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Points to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No world records have been reported from this course yet, so the scrutiny wasn't enormous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.edinburghmarathon.com/events/half-marathon/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;advertise&lt;/a&gt;: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;With a descent of almost 90 metres to near sea level, we believe this is the fastest half marathon route in the world.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Well, if it is, then it has to beat, among others, very many advertised &amp;quot;downhill half marathons&amp;quot; that manage to drop anything from hundreds of meters to over two vertical kilometers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very many events advertise using the identical claim of being a &amp;quot;fastest half marathon route in the [you guessed it] world&amp;quot;.  They may differ in their degree of fastestness and halfmarathonness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fionaoutdoors.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/full_route_elevation.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;general profile of the Edinburgh Marathon&lt;/a&gt; in recent times is the initial mostly descending three or so miles through the city, followed by a much longer distance in East Lothian that's very flat at near sea level.  The Half Marathon generally copies the first half of the Marathon, which makes it twice less likely to conform with Rule 31.21.3 than the Marathon.  Read on for details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It was not always like this.  A hilly full marathon course from the eighties &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Marathon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;changed, as of 2007&lt;/a&gt;, into a course advertised as having a 40 metre initial drop (compliant with Rule 31.21.3 for the Marathon but not for the Half), and a similar course was then used &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.edinburghmarathon.com/2017/10/04/edinburgh-marathon-launches-new-route-2018/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;till 2017&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.clapa.com/get-involved/challenge/challenge-events/edinburgh-marathon-festival-2018/edinburgh-marathon-route-map-2014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;or even 2018?&lt;/a&gt; - the link URL suggests 2018 but I don't trust that hint), after that switching to the present 90 metre drop course starting on Potterow, not counting the 2020 and 2021 editions which went virtual because of Covid and thus very thoroughly ineligible for any records beyond personal bests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even the 40 meter drop Marathon route used a double start with only one of the starting points (London street) compliant for the full Marathon, but the other starting point (Regent street) exceeding the maximum allowed drop even for the full Marathon.  This might not stand in the way of Rule 31.21 for the full marathon as the faster waves were starting from the lower starting point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Edinburgh Marathon held the IAAF Bronze Label &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/Competitions/world-athletics-label-road-races/calendar/2017&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from 2013 to 2017&lt;/a&gt; as the only road race in Scotland ever; the concurrently organized half marathon never enjoyed the distinction.  From 2018 on, none of the Edinburgh races are listed.  (World Record eligibility is a requirement for a Bronze Label, but not vice versa.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scottishhalfmarathon.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at least one&lt;/a&gt; differently named half marathon run in a superficially similar mix of Edinburgh and East Lothian environments currently offering a more modest but still non-compliant overall elevation drop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you don't know whether Rule 31.21.4 was followed, then Rule 31.21.3 becomes rather pointless.  In plain English, if you don't know whether the course was correctly marked in the streets, then it doesn't matter whether it looked compliant on the maps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are looking at a 2020 edition of certain document, i.e., an edition from a year in which no event EMF Edinburgh Half Marathon was actually run.  We can conclude that Rule 31.21.4 wasn't followed that year, although whatever the original plan has been is anyone's guess - we can reasonably interpolate between 2019 and the same route planned for 2022, or we could speculate that a course change was being proposed for 2020 and never materialized.  If you have earlier editions of the document, or if you talk to whoever provided it to you, you could likely find out how that entry came into being.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Personal bests, for non-professionals, are eminently informal &lt;strong&gt;personal&lt;/strong&gt; records.  Hobby runners will achieve more if they spend more time running than studying World Athletics rules for road races.  If somebody submits their half marathon time from Edinburgh as a qualification proof for another event, which happens all the time, it's not cheating unless they are misrepresenting the circumstances of their publicly tracked accomplishment somehow.  It's up to the recipient of such a proof to evaluate whether they care about Rule 31.21.3, and how much.  Likewise for any boasting rights and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9677" LastEditorUserId="9677" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T16:19:42.497" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T16:19:42.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26283" CreationDate="2021-08-27T02:09:35.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. He attempted 28,307 shots and made 15,837 of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/fga_career.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Basketball&lt;/a&gt; Reference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21784" LastActivityDate="2021-08-27T02:09:35.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14473" CreationDate="2021-08-27T20:32:56.017" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the story is true. Here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhobrIwdwtk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a video showing the race&lt;/a&gt; (at timecode 5:51).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, Kim Collins (at lane 7: it is him indeed, cf. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/iaaf-world-championships-gre-1997-6913256/results/men/100-metres/heats/result&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the IAAF official results&lt;/a&gt;, heat #5) makes a normal start, but apparently gets hurt after ~40 m of race, and then stops his effort, just jogging from that point on. Since he nevertheless remained in his lane (at least for what one can see on the video), assuming that he reached the finishing line without breaking the rules, it is completely logical that his time was officially recorded: and the value of 21.73 s seems perfectly coherent indeed with what one sees on the video! ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21809" LastActivityDate="2021-08-27T20:32:56.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24428" CreationDate="2021-08-28T00:06:55.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is very well covered in an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/26864123/draft-heist-century-how-mike-trout-fell-angels&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN piece with interviews from several of the involved parties&lt;/a&gt;.  The short answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trout was from a relatively unknown school (he was the first pick ever from his school), in a small New Jersey school.  Thus, he didn't get a lot of &amp;quot;buzz&amp;quot; until relatively late (Junior year).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trout had several demographic details against him: he was a right handed position player from the northeast, which for some reason was a downside according to the article.  (Baseball scouting is weird, and people have all sorts of oddly formed prejudices that are based on things that make no sense.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trout was physically &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;, but not necessarily &amp;quot;great&amp;quot;.  He wasn't short, but he wasn't tall.  He was strong, but not that strong.  His arm wasn't bad, but it wasn't great.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scouts who did see the potential were afraid to overstate it.  One scout mentioned in the article that he downgraded his 75 (75/80, basically &amp;quot;Future HOF&amp;quot;) to a 68 (&amp;quot;Future all-star&amp;quot;) because he had never given anyone a 70.  It's very hard to give someone that high of a grade and defend it!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Signability may have impacted some teams.  They don't interview every team, but they do mention that the Angels had some concerns about his bonus requirements.  25th gives a slot of around 1.2MM, and that's what he ended up signing for; but after the draft his father mentioned numbers more like 2.5MM, and according to the article, during the draft there were (probably negotiating tactic?) suggestions that he might have wanted $3.5MM.  Signability often drops guys in the draft because of the concern that if you draft someone at #5 or something and he doesn't sign, you lose him and the money associated with his slot, and that can be very damaging.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately Trout was just not projected to be a superstar by all that many people - in part because it is harder to project baseball players, and in part because he was so young that he hadn't developed yet into that star.  He worked very, very hard to get to where he is today - he has great physical gifts as every star does, but the work ethic is what makes him truly great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-08-28T00:06:55.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26289" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26290" CreationDate="2021-08-28T12:57:51.207" Score="2" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a game of cricket, it is not unusual for an experienced, high quality batter to be on strike, opposite a poor, tail-end player at the non-strike end.  The player on-strike will usually try to score a single (or three runs) near the end of the over in order to be on-strike for the next over.  This is done to prevent an inexperienced batter facing the bowler (and possibly getting out) and to provide more opportunities for the better player to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposing that the on-strike player hits the ball and one run is taken, then for some reason (an over-throw or a fielder fails to stop the ball) the ball goes to the boundary; the batting side is given four (or six) runs but can't rotate the strike when swapping ends may be of more value to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible for the batting side to decline the four/six runs in favour of the single run, and for the batters to change ends, with the experienced player ready to face the bowler at the start of the new over?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've had a look &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; but can't find anything that covers this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21811" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-08-28T14:19:21.110" LastActivityDate="2021-08-28T14:19:21.110" Title="Can a batsman decline a boundary in order to retain strike?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26289" CreationDate="2021-08-28T14:19:02.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer is &amp;quot;no&amp;quot; - and this is exactly why towards the end of a first-class match if the bowling side is pushing for victory and the batting side has no chance of winning, you will see the field &amp;quot;come in&amp;quot; to prevent the single on the 5th or 6th ball of the over to keep the better batsman on strike, allowing the bowling team to bowl to the tailender in the next over. If the batsman scores a boundary, it's not going to affect the result of the match so the bowling side doesn't care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception to this is overthrows - if the batsman had crossed at the moment of the &amp;quot;overthrow or wilful act of a fielder&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/boundaries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.18&lt;/a&gt;), then the boundary counts &lt;em&gt;in addition&lt;/em&gt; to the run already completed, so the batting team would score 5 and the batsmen would swap ends. This exception exists almost entirely to stop the kind of gamesmanship you suggest in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-08-28T14:19:02.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-28T19:19:59.110" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some photos from old sumo wrestlers, definitely they are not comparable to current sumo wrestlers in general, having low level of fats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vk2hK.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vk2hK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yUh4t.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yUh4t.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compared to a sumo wrestler like the following the difference is pretty big:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BdQJb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/BdQJb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which historical changes made them to change their physiques to practice the sport so much?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12023" LastActivityDate="2021-08-28T19:19:59.110" Title="Why did sumo wrestlers ended up having high levels of fat to practice the sport?" Tags="|history|sumo-wrestling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26293" CreationDate="2021-08-29T23:48:16.810" Score="1" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just wonder if the typical black ribs (small lines) have any specific purpose (like improving grip, aerodynamics or something related to dribbling) or they are just cosmetic detail (I guess inherited from leather balls).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they mentioned in any of the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21814" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-30T00:46:33.300" LastActivityDate="2021-08-30T06:51:07.450" Title="Do the basketball &quot;ribs&quot; have a specific purpose?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26292" CreationDate="2021-08-30T06:51:07.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;:  they cover up the seams between the panels that make up the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The internet (other Q&amp;amp;A sites) think that the lines and the bumps are there to improve grip.  But I don't see any references to rules in those.  That seems to be players' impressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; has a section on &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-1-court-dimensions-equipment/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RULE NO. 1: Court Dimensions – Equipment&lt;/a&gt;.  Section II.f.1 says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball shall be an officially approved NBA ball between 7 ½ and 8 ½ pounds pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't explain what is necessary to &amp;quot;be an officially approved NBA ball&amp;quot;.  And that is the most relevant quote (e.g. I don't think that knowing that there must be at least nine balls available helps us).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR23.pdff&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA rules PDF&lt;/a&gt; has Rule 1, Section 16, Articles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball shall be spherical. Spherical shall be defined as a round body&#xA;whose surface at all points is equidistant from the center, except at the approved&#xA;black rubber ribs (channels and/or seams).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The width of the black rubber rib (channels and/or seams) shall not&#xA;exceed 1/4 inch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this, we get that the ribs are seams (and also known as channels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More search finds that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.spalding.com/basketball/basketballs/indoor-game/nba-official-game-ball/IN.74876E.0.0.0.0.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spalding was the official NBA ball provider&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...the Spalding NBA Official Game Ball. For over three decades, Spalding has worked with the league to create the gold standard basketball. This ball is designed to feel like second nature in the hands of the legends who wield it. Strictly made for the hardwood, it has a full grain leather construction that turns butter-soft once broken in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, that wasn't helpful.  It does provide us with pictures of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/news/wilson-nba-official-game-ball-unveil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wilson is the official NBA ball provider&lt;/a&gt;.  The ball is very similar, replacing Spalding with Wilson.  Note that Wilson made the official game ball prior to Spalding as well (before the previously mentioned three decades).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both balls share the black lines.  The orange sections are covered with bumps (called pebbling).  They differ in that the Wilson puts the writing on top of bumps as well, while the Spalding does not (its writing is smooth, like the ribs/channels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Basketball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How a basketball is made&lt;/a&gt;.  Key takeaway:  the lines/ribs (called channels) are overtop the seams of the cover:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6 A hand-operated punch press—equipped with specially designed and tooled dies—punches the rubber outlines to create six separate panels per ball. The same die has a hole that is punched in one of the six panels to make an opening for the air tube. The excess rubber surrounding the panels is lifted off the line and deposited in a bin for recycling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;7 The assembly worker picks up the six panels for a single ball in a specific order and carries them to the vulcanizer. The interior of the vulcanizer for this process is different from the one for the bladders. It is form-fitted to hold the six panels, to create the channels between the panels, and to add any embossed information. The assembler fits the panels individually into specified sections in the vulcanizer. A bladder/carcass is taken off the overhead conveyor, covered with a coating of glue, and placed inside the chamber of the vulcanizer that is lined with the cover panels. When the ball emerges from the vulcanizer, most of its surface is still smooth (there are no bumps, called pebbling), but the channels and any embossing are formed into the surface.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suggests that while they may help with grip (as many players believe), the primary purpose is simply to hide the seams between the panels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA and the ball manufacturers (Wilson and Spalding) have worked together over time to determine the construction of the ball.  But they do not seem to publicly describe the characteristics of the ball, although they presumably have some private agreement that specifies the lines/ribs, pebbling, size, and materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that even if they are primarily to hide the seams, that doesn't mean that they don't improve the grip.  The NBA, et. al. may have chosen this particular way to hide the seams because it helps with the grip.  The seams on a volleyball are done differently.  Possibly because a volleyball gets struck rather than held during active play.  And apparently basketballs used to have lacing, like gridiron (American-rules) football still does.  Search for Spalding 125th anniversary basketball for examples (Spalding issued a remake of the 1894 ball in 2019).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-08-30T06:51:07.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26294" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26297" CreationDate="2021-08-30T09:51:02.340" Score="16" ViewCount="6817" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.romaniajournal.ro/sports/cycling-romanian-minister-of-youth-and-sports-eduard-novak-wins-paralympic-silver-medal/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; mentions that the current Minister of Youth and Sports won the Paralympic silver medal in Tokyo's Paralympic Games:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Romanian cyclist Eduard Novak, the &lt;strong&gt;current&lt;/strong&gt; Minister of Youth and&#xA;Sports, won the Paralympic silver medal in the men’s C4 4000 m&#xA;individual pursuit in Tokyo on Friday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While ex-sports professionals becoming politicians is not something strange, &lt;strong&gt;one holding office&lt;/strong&gt; that is able to compete at such a high level seems extraordinary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if this case is singular or not. I will provide details about the term used in the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;high official&lt;/strong&gt; = any person being an MP or in the government&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;important competition&lt;/strong&gt; = any competition like Olympic Games, European (or similar for other continents) or at World level&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21816" LastEditorUserId="21821" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T16:56:33.117" LastActivityDate="2021-12-24T12:02:39.023" Title="Has any high official (politician) won any medal in an important competition while holding office?" Tags="|trivia|olympics|awards|participation|" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-30T11:27:18.270" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Various members of the British Royal Family have won high level showjumping medals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Princess Anne&lt;/a&gt;, the daughter of Queen Elizabeth II, won various titles including the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Eventing_Championships&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1971 European Eventing Championship&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Phillips&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Phillips&lt;/a&gt;, Anne's (now ex-)husband, won &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an Olympic gold medal in 1972&lt;/a&gt; (before he was married to Anne) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a silver in 1988&lt;/a&gt;. Phillips also won a number of other equestrian titles, including four wins at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Horse_Trials&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Badminton Horse Trials&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zara_Tindall&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zara Tindall&lt;/a&gt;, Anne and Phillips' daughter, has won a whole load of equestrian events, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a gold medal at the 2012 Olympics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="10976" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T14:34:43.833" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T14:34:43.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-30T19:41:08.390" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grenfell,_1st_Baron_Desborough&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Grenfell&lt;/a&gt; competed in the 1906 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalated_Games&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Intercalated Games&lt;/a&gt; in team épée. He was a UK MP until December 1905 until raised to the peerage and was - if I understand how the House of Lords worked in the early 20th century - therefore a member of the House of Lords at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15926" LastEditorUserId="15926" LastEditDate="2021-08-30T19:57:29.433" LastActivityDate="2021-08-30T19:57:29.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14060" CreationDate="2021-08-30T23:46:51.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd also encourage you to explore Maradona's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/diego-maradona/nationalmannschaft/spieler/8024&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Transfermarkt profile&lt;/a&gt;. The values appear different than the current accepted answer. I personally trust the fidelity of Transfermarkt statistics and enjoy exploring the various statistics disaggregations and details for the respective games played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastEditorUserId="16506" LastEditDate="2021-08-30T23:59:32.683" LastActivityDate="2021-08-30T23:59:32.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-30T23:53:50.310" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the most famoust example is Governor Schwarzenegger winning multiple Mr. Olympia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Manny Pacquiao is a sitting senator of the Philippines and was a champion in multiple categories in boxing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21819" LastActivityDate="2021-08-30T23:53:50.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26281" CreationDate="2021-08-31T00:39:54.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are definitely statistics on players' dribble success rate. Some companies like &lt;a href=&quot;https://statsbomb.com/data/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statsbomb&lt;/a&gt; provide detailed event data for a fee. On the other hand websites like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fotmob.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fotmob&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Transfermarkt&lt;/a&gt; provide in-game statistics, but don't have comprehensive disaggregations of dribble success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick web search of &amp;quot;Messi dribble success&amp;quot; took me to this article: &lt;a href=&quot;https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2021-05-15-most-successful-dribblers-in-202021-named-leo-messi-only-2nd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Most successful dribblers in 2020-21 named, Leo Messi only 2nd&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. The first line references data was sourced from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whoscored.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WhoScored.com&lt;/a&gt; (if you're a football/stats nerd, you ought to know about WhoScored).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another web search of &amp;quot;WhoScored 2014 world cup&amp;quot; navigated me to this page: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whoscored.com/Regions/247/Tournaments/36/Seasons/3768/Stages/10274/PlayerStatistics/International-FIFA-World-Cup-2014&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup 2014 Player Statistics&lt;/a&gt;. In the first table, I selected &amp;quot;Dribbles&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Totals&amp;quot; and searched. This rendered that Messi completed 46 out of his attempted 73 dribbles for the 2014 WC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now this approach only provides data for the 7 games that Messi played for Argentina for the 2014 WC. Navigating to the &amp;quot;History&amp;quot; tab of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whoscored.com/Players/11119/History/Lionel-Messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Messi's player page&lt;/a&gt; provides a year-competition-level look (once again selecting &amp;quot;Dribbles&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Totals&amp;quot;). It appears that statistics are only available for official competitions like the World Cup and the Copa America (interesting note here, the number of successful dribbles in this view for 2014 WC is 39 instead of 46 as documented in the WC player statistics view). Rendering the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2014 WC 39 successful dribbles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2015 Copa 42&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2018 WC 23&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2019 Copa 22&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how much data collection occurs for International friendlies or World Cup qualifies, but I imagine this is will be a little harder to find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastEditorUserId="16506" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T13:24:30.187" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T13:24:30.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26311" CreationDate="2021-08-31T11:06:09.523" Score="1" ViewCount="1687" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will happen in ice-hockey if both teams get a penalty and the play is 4v4 and then a little fight occurs resulting in 2-minute penalties for one player from team A and one player from team B at the same time. Will the 4v4 play continue or will it be 3v3?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T16:45:48.823" Title="Ice-hockey penalty for both teams at 4v4 play" Tags="|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-31T11:27:15.183" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhan_Beleniuk&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zhan Beleniuk&lt;/a&gt; has been a parliamentary deputy (equivalent to MP) since 2019, and has competed at the Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling, winning silver in 2016 and gold in 2020.  (Borderline on the timing criteria, since it was only in 2020 that he was both a medallist and politician simultaneously, although he had been both individually before 2020.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17693" LastEditorUserId="17693" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T15:40:41.363" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T15:40:41.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26306" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-08-31T12:06:19.250" Score="0" ViewCount="408" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a boxer wins by KO or TKO, then the rounds won by the boxer and the opponent still count? If I bet on who wins the rounds and one of them wins by KO or TKO, then if my round prediction is right will I win that bet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21825" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T14:16:32.873" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T21:48:56.567" Title="Is Round decision affected by KO or TKO?" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26318" CreationDate="2021-08-31T12:34:30.817" Score="1" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that Lionel Messi and Enzo Francescoli have been chosen the best player of the Copa América twice. It happened in 2021, 2015, 1995 and 1983 respectively. Are there other soccer players who have been chosen the best player of the Copa América more than once?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T17:20:38.003" Title="Which soccer players have been selected best player of the Copa América more than once?" Tags="|football|statistics|copa-america|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26342" CreationDate="2021-08-31T12:49:23.157" Score="0" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are stats recorded in IIHF or NHL when two events happen at the same stoppage of play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, team A receives 2-minute penalty at time 12:05. The game is stopped and after the face-off team B manages to shoot a goal under 1 second from face-off at time 12:05 too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is, team A scores a goal at time 15:20. Player from team B is frustrated and hits an opponent after what he receives 5-minute penalty and game misconduct, but this happened when the time was stopped at 15:20 after the goal was scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both examples, a penalty and goal happened at the same time, but not in the same order. It results in a power-play goal and penalty termination in the first example, and a goal and major penalty advantage in the second example - totally different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these records manually checked by officials to be correct?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Because on NHL game-record sheet are written only minutes and seconds as 15:20, not milliseconds as 15:20,016 (still, in the second example, the time will be exactly the same). It is easy to record this live one by one, but what about writing all records independently and processing them later? How is the correct order determined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T21:14:30.803" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:37:10.833" Title="How are statistics recorded in IIHF or NHL when two events happen at the same stoppage of play?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-31T15:30:26.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, the ancient Olympic Games count among their winners:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Philip II of Macedon&lt;/a&gt; (father of Alexander the Great, on the latter's birthday no less)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tiberius&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nero&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(However, English Wikipedia doesn't give any details on which event or even which year they won, it just lists them in their &amp;quot;Ancient Olympic Games&amp;quot; box under &amp;quot;Winners&amp;quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if you count that as important. The ancient games can be argued to not be on world level, but they were definitely the most important events at the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21826" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T15:30:26.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26303" CreationDate="2021-08-31T16:45:48.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 4v4 play continues.  NHL Rules (&lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/319997074/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.1  &lt;strong&gt;Coincidental Minor Penalties&lt;/strong&gt; - When coincidental minor penalties or&#xA;coincidental minor penalties of equal duration are imposed against&#xA;players of both teams, the penalized players shall all take their places&#xA;on the penalty benches and such penalized players shall not leave the&#xA;penalty bench until the first stoppage of play following the expiry of&#xA;their respective penalties. Where goalkeepers are involved, refer to&#xA;27.1. Immediate substitution shall be made for an equal number of&#xA;minor penalties or coincidental minor penalties of equal duration to&#xA;each team so penalized and the penalties of the players for which&#xA;substitutions have been made shall not be taken into account for the&#xA;purpose of the delayed penalty rule (Rule 26 – Delayed Penalties).&#xA;This rule only applies when at least one team is already serving a time&#xA;penalty in the penalty box that causes them to be short-handed..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When one minor penalty is assessed to one player of each team at&#xA;the same stoppage in play, these penalties will be served without&#xA;substitution provided there are no other penalties in effect and visible&#xA;on the penalty clocks. Both teams will therefore play four skaters&#xA;against four skaters for the duration of the minor penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should one or both of these players (or any other players) also&#xA;incur a misconduct penalty in addition to their one minor penalty, this&#xA;rule shall apply and the teams would still play four skaters against four&#xA;skaters (the player incurring the misconduct penalty would have to&#xA;serve the entire 12 minutes – minor plus misconduct – and his team&#xA;would have to place an additional player on the penalty bench to serve&#xA;the minor penalty and be able to return to the ice when the minor&#xA;penalty expires).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When multiple penalties are assessed to both teams, equal&#xA;numbers of minor and major penalties shall be eliminated using the&#xA;coincidental penalty rule and any differential in time penalties shall be&#xA;served in the normal manner and displayed on the penalty time clock&#xA;accordingly (see 19.5). If there is no differential in time penalties, all&#xA;players will serve their allotted penalty time, but will not be released&#xA;until the first stoppage of play following the expiration of their&#xA;respective penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For coincidental penalties that carry over into, or are assessed&#xA;during regular-season overtime, refer to 84.3, to Reference Tables –&#xA;Table 17 – Penalties In Effect Prior to the Start of Overtime – Regular&#xA;Season on page 160, and to Reference Tables – Table 18 – Penalties&#xA;Assessed in Overtime – Regular Season on page 161&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if one team is already serving a penalty, they offset or delay additional penalties such that it is always either 4v4 or 4v3 at worst.  They will first try to offset.  In an offset, the player goes to the penalty box but the team may substitute another player.  Players serving penalties but having substitutes cannot enter the ice until play stops.  Players may only enter the ice if their penalties leave the team short-handed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they can't be offset because one team has more than two penalties more than the other team, then they will delay the penalty (see Rule 26).  A delayed penalty means that the penalized player is off the ice for the length of not only that player's penalty but the delay period.  But the team will still be able to play a substitute for the delayed player until that player's penalty starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team will never have fewer than three players (four including the goalie) on the ice at once.  And the only time it will be 3v3 is in overtime.  Offsetting penalties never take it below 4v4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The confusing part here is that the first penalties don't offset.  That's what takes from 5v5 to 4v4.  But additional penalties do.  So in regular play, the game will be 5v5 (no penalties), 5v4 (one penalty), 4v4 (any number of penalties such that both teams have the same number), 5v3 (one team has two or more penalties while the other has none or where one team has at least two more penalties than the other), 4v3 (one team has one more penalty than the other).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In regular-season overtime, the base is 3v3 and they add players to the ice when there are penalties that are not offset.  If the teams have offsetting penalties they will play 3v3.  In the playoffs, overtime is played the same as regulation play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T16:45:48.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-31T18:07:18.803" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian wrestler &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Karelin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Karelin&lt;/a&gt; won the World Wresting Championship in 1999 and a silver Olympic medal in 2000, while serving as a deputy to the State Duma (an MP).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21828" LastEditorUserId="21828" LastEditDate="2021-08-31T18:50:22.120" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T18:50:22.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-31T18:08:40.343" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about whether kings and royals count as politicians for the scope of the question, but several royals took part in the Olympics and some of them got a medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The outstanding examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;King &lt;strong&gt;Olaf V of Norway&lt;/strong&gt;, who won a gold medal sailing in the 1928 Olympic Games, when he was still the heir to the throne.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;King &lt;strong&gt;Constantine II of Greece&lt;/strong&gt;, also gold medal sailing in the 1960 Olympic Games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.revistavanityfair.es/realeza/galerias/miembros-de-la-realeza-que-han-ido-a-los-juegos-olimpicos-felipe-borbon-rey-juan-carlos-sofia-charlene/13251/image/757331&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source (in Spanish)&lt;/a&gt; that seems quite comprehensive, other royals in the Olympics didn't get a medal or didn't become a monarch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15639" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T18:08:40.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-08-31T19:05:30.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Zimbabwean born princess of Monaco, Charlene was also an Olympic swimmer for South Africa. She and her team came 5th in a relay event at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T19:05:30.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14214" CreationDate="2021-08-31T19:48:36.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2017 Tour de France Marcel Kittel had 373 points in the green jersey competition after &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2017/stage-16/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stage 16&lt;/a&gt;. He abandoned the next day. Michael Matthews eventually won the green jersey with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2017/stage-21/results/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;370 points&lt;/a&gt;, less than what Kittel had.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T19:48:36.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26306" CreationDate="2021-08-31T21:48:56.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The normal way that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbettingdime.com/guides/how-to/round-betting/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;round betting&lt;/a&gt; works is that it allows you to bet on what round will end the fight.  So third round Tyson would be a bet that the boxer named Tyson would win in the third round.  They normally allow for either picking a specific round or a group of rounds (e.g. first four rounds).  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-king.com/dictionary.php?q=round-betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another source&lt;/a&gt; saying the same thing.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bettingbrain.com/sports-bet/boxing-betting/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A third&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bettingsite.org/boxing/bets/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A fourth&lt;/a&gt;.  Found by searching for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=boxing+bet+on+who+wins+a+specific+round&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;boxing bet on who wins a specific round&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With round betting, you are mostly betting on a knockout (possibly technical), although you'd also win on a submission.  Because a judge's decision wouldn't occur before the completion of the fight.  It is also possible to bet on the method of victory as well as the round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you make a standard round bet on a particular fighter in a round and that fighter wins in that round, you will win.  If the fighter wins in a different round or loses but wins that round on points, you will lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is possible that some bookmaker is accepting bets on the points winner of the round, there would be no standard way to handle such a bet.  Because that's not a standard bet.  So you would in fact have to ask the bookmaker for the specifics in that case.  They might do anything from paying off on the bet (if they feel a knockout wins the round in which it occurs) through refunding your money (because no decision on points) to keeping it (after all if the fighter won by knockout, they didn't win the round on points).  You should establish that before placing the bet, preferably in writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastActivityDate="2021-08-31T21:48:56.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26317" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26334" CreationDate="2021-08-31T22:40:20.870" Score="1" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;In time shootout races in rallye, they send each car on the track one at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But they don't wait until the car before ends to send the next car on the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what happens if a car gets into an incident and blocks the track? Do the guys that come after have to slow down and pass the incident, thus ruining their time? Or do they get a reset?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T16:30:00.757" Title="Rallye - What happens in a time shootout if an incident blocks the road?" Tags="|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26307" CreationDate="2021-09-01T16:54:54.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, the tournament was renamed Copa America in 1975. It isn't really hard to list all the best players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Best Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1975&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/B23wS.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/B23wS.png&quot; alt=&quot;Peru&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Cubillas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Teófilo Cubillas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FYIC6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FYIC6.png&quot; alt=&quot;Chile&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Caszely&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carlos Caszely&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; alt=&quot;Uruguay&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzo_Francescoli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enzo Francescoli&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzPIO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzPIO.png&quot; alt=&quot;Colombia&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Valderrama&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Carlos Valderrama&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1989&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; alt=&quot;Uruguay&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Sosa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rubén Sosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; alt=&quot;Argentina&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Rodr%C3%ADguez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Leonardo Rodríguez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; alt=&quot;Argentina&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Goycochea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergio Goycochea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; alt=&quot;Uruguay&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzo_Francescoli&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enzo Francescoli&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldo_(Brazilian_footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivaldo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rivaldo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j3PdA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/j3PdA.png&quot; alt=&quot;Honduraas&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amado_Guevara&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amado Guevara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano_(footballer,_born_February_1982)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adriano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinho&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Robinho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ojktb.png&quot; alt=&quot;Uruguay&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Luis Suárez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; alt=&quot;Argentina&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Centenario&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FYIC6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FYIC6.png&quot; alt=&quot;Chile&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_S%C3%A1nchez&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexis Sánchez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ55k.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazil&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani_Alves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dani Alves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tmXtz.png&quot; alt=&quot;Argentina&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lionel Messi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to count the best players of the South American Championship (before 1975), then &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/sachampfulltrivia.html#best-players&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the full list of them is available on the RSSSF website&lt;/a&gt;. According to this list two other players won the award twice:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Nasazzi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Nasazzi&lt;/a&gt; (Uruguay, 1923, 1935) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Seoane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manuel Seoane&lt;/a&gt; (Argentina, 1925, 1927).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastEditorUserId="229" LastEditDate="2021-09-01T17:20:38.003" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T17:20:38.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-09-01T21:18:28.080" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sailing, John Gretton (later 1st Baron Gretton) won two gold medals at the 1900 Olympic Games. Gretton served as an MP for various constituencies in the UK from 1895 until 1943 - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamgb.com/athlete/john-gretton-jr/gfN9fYAW44AAnSuEKTyxw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21835" LastActivityDate="2021-09-01T21:18:28.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26321" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26322" CreationDate="2021-09-02T14:55:54.700" Score="4" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newbalance.com/pd/840v4/W840-V4.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New Balance 840v4 shoes&lt;/a&gt; to do runs between 4 - 13 miles and reorder them as needed. For the first time a pair came with a new lace material and lacing style: laced across bottom to top (picture below). Of course I can switch to the included regular laces and &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; lacing style, but am trying to figure out some things out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is this lacing style called?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does lacing a shoe this way serve a specific purpose?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is a &amp;quot;right&amp;quot; way to tie/tighten these as laced?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kydypl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kydypl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;New Balance 840v4 shoes laced across top to bottom&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21839" LastActivityDate="2021-09-03T15:21:04.317" Title="What is the purpose of running shoe lacing from bottom to top?" Tags="|equipment|running|road-running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26321" CreationDate="2021-09-03T00:13:55.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is a variety of &lt;a href=&quot;https://completetri.com/stretch-laces-review-speedlaces-yankz-and-lock-lace/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;speed lace&lt;/a&gt;, which is popular among runners because it makes the shoe unlikely to become untied (as there is no proper tie).  Speed laces have a lot of varieties, but the common theme is that they are elastic - so they stretch as you put your foot in, and then hold the shoe closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That specific model (and only that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.newbalance.com/pd/840v4/M840V4-34970.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;specific model&lt;/a&gt;, from what I could tell on their website by filtering running shoes by &amp;quot;closure - alternative&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two lace options for a secure fit; regular laces and elastic bungee laces for easy on/off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your shoes above are the latter.  If you don't like them, you can switch them out for &amp;quot;regular&amp;quot; laces (by buying a new pair of laces that are meant for that size of shoe).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as tightening them - in theory you don't need to.  They're meant to be the right size, assuming your foot is the shape that they anticipate for that shoe.  Runners typically wear very tight shoes (my running shoes are much tighter than my normal every day shoes, for example), so that makes it a bit easier to do this kind of lacing; if you don't wear tight shoes, or your feet are a bit shorter than the average foot, you might need to knot the elastic a bit lower than where it's knotted now (on either end).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-09-03T15:21:04.317" LastActivityDate="2021-09-03T15:21:04.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26325" CreationDate="2021-09-03T16:26:45.693" Score="2" ViewCount="707" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice-hockey, will goalie be credited with a shutout if he was the only goalie in that game and has a 100% save percentage but was pulled out on a delayed penalty (or simply near the end of the game) and the opposing team scored an empty net goal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T22:53:54.353" Title="Ice-hockey goalie shutout when empty net goal is scored" Tags="|ice-hockey|goalkeeper|own-goal|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26324" CreationDate="2021-09-03T18:56:23.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see a reference explicitly for this in the NHL rules; the NCAA rules do mention shutouts, but don't actually define them - &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/IceHockey/2012EZ.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here, for example&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Article 3. If two or more goaltenders from the same team participate in a shutout, credit the team with a shutout but do not award any goaltender an individual shutout. A goaltender must be solely responsible for holding the opposition scoreless to be credited with a shutout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Empty-net time (i.e., during a delayed-penalty call) does not preclude a goaltender from being awarded a shutout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That refers to whether a goaltender can get &lt;em&gt;sole&lt;/em&gt; credit for the shutout, but isn't talking about goals &lt;em&gt;scored&lt;/em&gt; during the shutout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would suggest, though, that it is required to have a shutout for the team &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; a goaltender can get credit.  It may simply be rare enough of a possibility to even consider (no team would go empty net with 0 goals given up, and goals are so rarely scored on delayed penalties by the offending side (as it requires one of the offended players to accidentally score on their own goal) that it simply doesn't come up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is at least one case of this happening.  In 2016, the Canucks season opener was a 2-1 victory in OT, and the -1 was an own goal by Loui Eriksson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201610150VAN.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;box score&lt;/a&gt;; Ryan Miller has 64:57 TOI, no goals allowed, and 0 shutouts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T22:53:54.353" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T22:53:54.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26324" CreationDate="2021-09-03T21:12:55.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although goalies are awarded shutouts when their team wins without conceding a goal, it really is a team event that also counts towards an individual's stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, imagine a goalie getting injured and so pulled from the match half way through. If both the started and the back up don't let in a goal, the team wins without conceding a goal and records a shutout. But neither goalie is awarded shutout. An example of a team shutout, but not an individual shutout, is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/201102020PIT.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Islanders vs Penguins, 2011-02-02&lt;/a&gt;, where 2 goalies were used by the Penguins after Brent Johnson was ejected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly if there is a goal allowed while no goalie in the net, neither the team or the goalie is awarded the shutout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T20:50:35.393" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T20:50:35.393" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26335" CreationDate="2021-09-04T15:49:13.320" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say for example that the bowler delivers the ball, there is a very faint edge from the batter and the catch is very close the the ground. The standing umpire gives the decision not out, as they believe the batter did not hit the ball. The fielding team disagrees and calls for a review.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The technology determines that the batter did indeed hit the ball and the decision comes down to the catch. However, for whatever reason, say obscured camera angles, the third umpire is unable to determine whether a fair catch has been made or not, and therefore would presumably tell the on-field umpire to stick with their original decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the fielding team lose their review as the third umpire is unable to make an informed decision?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-09-06T23:03:54.953" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T23:42:26.450" Title="Does a team lose a review if the review was inconclusive?" Tags="|rules|cricket|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-04T15:53:42.530" Score="0" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, if a game is forfeited the loser gets score 0 and the winner gets 1 or higher if the game was forfeited after it started already and the winner scored more than 1 goal. All personal stats for players from both teams are recorded if some portion of the game was played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how is it with shutouts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different scenarios, supposing that Team A is the forfeit team and 1 goalkeeper from each team plays the whole match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;score at the end was Team A 0:0 Team B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;score at the end was Team A 2:2 Team B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;game ended after 5 minutes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;game ended at time 59:50&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(only for option 1) game ended after overtime and a shootout was not held because the forfeit occurred after overtime&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all scenarios, when will each team and/or each goalkeeper be credited with a shutout?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-09-04T21:11:07.473" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:30:44.097" Title="NHL forfeit shutouts" Tags="|rules|statistics|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26220" CreationDate="2021-09-06T03:19:44.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its best to have your arms in the position described in a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because a handstand is all about balancing on your hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing in the position of b) will mean that your chest and torso will be arched. The handstand will also be arched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most people's head will be sticking out, so the handstand will be arching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your body, if it isn't arched, will be dead straight, and when your hands hit the floor, your hands are far away from the front foot. If the hands are away from the foot, it is harder to balance and the kick up will need to have more energy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we were doing a), the body is more or less curved in a dish shape (in the picture the gymnast should have a more round body) and therefore the head will be in, making sure that the body has a less percentage of arching over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is easier to control where your hands are placed because you can quickly stretch out if needed or close in if needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20721" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-09-06T03:53:42.310" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T03:53:42.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25982" CreationDate="2021-09-06T03:40:01.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually a person doing a backflip for the first time wouldn't go up and do it. It will take drills and drills for about at LEAST 3 months until the gymnast gets the feelings. Then they will do a backflip with the coach spotting them, best on the trampoline or a soft mat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There isnt any way to prevent the injuries. The best way possible is to do drills again and again and doing backflips with the coach spotting. That way, the backflip becomes more of an instinct. The best way to start backflips if you have learnt it before but haven't done it for a substantial amount of time is to go back to the drills and do backflips on the soft mats/trampolines before going and doing complex skills. As the injuries are usually caused on the actual floor, going on the soft mat will more or less prevent MOST injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20721" LastEditorUserId="20721" LastEditDate="2021-09-07T06:32:17.357" LastActivityDate="2021-09-07T06:32:17.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26332" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-06T06:26:25.583" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can imagine four situations where the title applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ballcarrier is out of the end zone and fumbles when he is tackled. This would not be a safety except for the fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ballcarrier is in the end zone and fumbles when he is tackled. This would be a safety, even if the tackle had not resulted in a fumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Situation #1, but multiple players (perhaps on either team) go for the ball and swat it around before it goes out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Situation #2, but multiple players (perhaps on either team) go for the ball and swat it around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offense recovers the ball in their own end zone, then the defender tackling or touching down the recovering player should be credited with the safety. If the ball just trickles out the back or side of the end zone, however, does no one on the defense get credit for the safety?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It appears that blocking a punt out of the end zone results in that player being credited with the safety, so it would be weird for the defender forcing a fumble that does the same kind of roll not to be credited with the safety.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21848" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T06:26:25.583" Title="Is an NFL player who forces a fumble that goes out of the end zone not credited with the safety?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|scoring|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26329" CreationDate="2021-09-06T10:47:35.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No shutout would be awarded, because none had been earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/319997074/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL rules, 66, Foreit of Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the game is declared forfeited prior to its having commenced, the score shall be recorded as 1-0 and no player shall be credited with any personal statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the game was in progress at the time it is declared forfeited, the score shall be recorded as zero for the loser and 1, or such greater number of goals that had been scored by it, for the winner; however, the players on both Clubs shall be credited with all personal statistics earned up to the time the forfeit was declared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shutout is earned when the game is &lt;em&gt;completed&lt;/em&gt;, but in a forfeited game that does not occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T10:47:35.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26317" CreationDate="2021-09-06T16:30:00.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally when something like this happens in Rallying the affected competitors are awarded a &amp;quot;fair&amp;quot; time by the clerk of the course. As the WRC sporting regulations put it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a special stage is interrupted or stopped for any reason,&#xA;each crew affected will be allocated by the Clerk of the Course&#xA;a time which is judged the fairest. However, no crew which is&#xA;solely or jointly responsible for stopping a stage may benefit&#xA;from this measure&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This obviously leaves quite a lot of ambiguity as to &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; they determine that &amp;quot;fairest&amp;quot; time. Presumably because there's a lot of variables to consider. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nasarallysport.com/main/node/729&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NRS site&lt;/a&gt; gives some info as to how that might play out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The officials of the event will say &amp;quot;Hey, how can we most fairly handle this?&amp;quot; And the key here is &amp;quot;most&amp;quot; fairly. Not perfectly fairly, but as fairly as is actually possible, since the only perfectly fair thing would be if the stage wasn't blocked at all, and you can't go back in time to make that not happen. The officials will look at the scores they have, and say &amp;quot;Ok, who was the last person that got through the stage that actually got a good shot at racing it?&amp;quot; In this case, that's car 5. That time is then assigned to all the cars that didn't make it through. After the adjustment, it looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 - 6:45&#xA;2 - 6:52&#xA;3 - 6:58&#xA;4 - 6:57&#xA;5 - 7:03&#xA;7 - 7:03&#xA;8 - 7:03&#xA;9 - 7:03&#xA;10 - 7:03&#xA;6 - DNF&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What this does is gives the cars that did race the credit for whatever time they earned. And for the cars that didn't get to finish the stage, since they all get the same time, as far as the overall race is concerned, they haven't moved up or back compared to any of the people they are racing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The officials are generally clever when it comes to this analysis. So, if the last valid time is really slow and they find out that person stopped to fix a flat tire, they might use the next time up the list. Or they might split the adjustments based on AWD and 2WD if the conditions of the stage were very slippery. In all cases, the real problem is what happened out on the stage, and the officials are trying to adjust the scoring to make the remainder of the race as fair as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; car that manages to crash and block the stage (so no-one has completed the stage) then it's easier, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiaerc.com/stranded-car-blocks-erc-cyprus-rally-stage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cancel the stage&lt;/a&gt; and everyone proceeds at liaison speed to the next stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T16:30:00.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26328" CreationDate="2021-09-06T23:42:26.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;h2&gt;It will count towards the innings limit of reviews for that team.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the ICC test match playing conditions state in paragraph 3.6.5,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... A  Player Review  categorised  as ‘Unsuccessful’ shall not be  reinstated if, despite any technical failures, the correct  decision could still have been made  using  the  other available  technology.  Similarly, a Player Review categorised as ‘Unsuccessful’ shall not be reinstated where the technology worked as intended, but the evidence gleaned from its use was inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ODI and T20I playing conditions would be presumed to have the same provision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-09-06T23:42:26.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26336" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26337" CreationDate="2021-09-08T17:13:14.293" Score="1" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wildcat formation comes and goes at the collegiate and prep levels and isn't totally unseen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's rarely used at the pro level, despite having ample talent to run it on various teams. Defenses often are not prepared for it when it's rolled out. It has a brief moment in the sun between 2009 and 2011 but has otherwise been rarely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a strategic reason why NFL coaches avoid it? I think having a player who is a threat to run the wildcat through and having them on the field as an option would confuse defenses much like run-heavy QBs do. But you rarely see it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21784" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-09-08T17:17:59.630" LastActivityDate="2021-09-08T18:31:40.853" Title="Is there a strategic reason why the wildcat play type isn't used in the NFL?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26336" CreationDate="2021-09-08T17:36:45.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wildcat formation is effective only in limited situations, and in particular relies on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Surprise&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Skilled players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good O-line play&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2008, the Dolphins famously &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/blog/miami-dolphins/post/_/id/28295/wildcat-strike-how-2008-dolphins-shocked-patriots-and-the-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ran the wildcat against the Patriots&lt;/a&gt;, demolishing a team that was considered a major (12.5 point) favorite - and hadn't lost a game other than the Super Bowl in two years.  It worked - but it worked because of the surprise factor, and because the Dolphins had two players well suited to playing the wildcat.  Ronnie Brown was shown capable of passing occasionally, and he was a good pairing with Ricky Williams in terms of skillset.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also lost the next matchup to the now-prepared Patriots by 20 points - and after that year, never again really had much success with the Wildcat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do teams not do this very frequently now?  Partially because it's less of a surprise - but mostly because it's morphed into other things in the NFL, and because passing is for the most part better than running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, running is mostly only useful &lt;em&gt;to establish the play action&lt;/em&gt;. See for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballoutsiders.com/stat-analysis/2020/finding-optimal-passrun-ratio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this FO guest article&lt;/a&gt; - teams with competent play-action QBs should run/pass in a 50:50 ratio, but teams with less competent play action QBs should theoretically pass 100% of the time.  The wildcat takes this away - it means you're basically running a &amp;quot;run&amp;quot; offense.  Okay if you don't have a capable quarterback, I suppose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do colleges do this?  Because there aren't very many truly good QBs - in the past, in fact, it was extremely rare to find QBs who can throw effectively downfield; think Nebraska in the 1980s-1990s.  There are so many colleges, but so few good QBs, that most colleges had to have a run-focused offense.  Nowadays that's much less true as you have more training programs aiming to produce QBs in younger kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; have its own version of this, though: it's the Run-Pass Option!  That's basically the same as the Wildcat, where you have two or more capable runners - but one of them is also a very skilled passer (the QB).  Patrick Mahomes is perhaps the best current example of this, but it's been around in various forms for a while; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballoutsiders.com/stat-analysis/2020/finding-optimal-passrun-ratio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Randall Cunningham&lt;/a&gt; didn't play in an era where RPO existed, but he certainly ran plenty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-09-08T18:31:40.853" LastActivityDate="2021-09-08T18:31:40.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26358" CreationDate="2021-09-09T09:58:31.397" Score="0" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best accuracy of predicting ice-hockey game winner ever achieved? I have found many sites where some mathematical models can predict winner of NHL game with accuracy from 55% to 60%. Is this the best accuracy we can get?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When can we say a model has a good accuracy? These models with 60% accuracy are really complicated and take to account so many stats and still I think that if I randomly choose a winner with a little knowledge about past games, I will have a better accuracy than 60%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="20195" LastEditDate="2021-09-11T15:15:18.777" LastActivityDate="2021-09-15T18:59:46.423" Title="Best accuracy of ice-hockey prediction achieved" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22461" CreationDate="2021-09-09T10:20:47.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IIHF Worlds 2017 it was Tissot.&#xA;Reference: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/nfFA-wHCwLc?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; at time 2:09:14 you can clearly see it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:20:47.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12450" CreationDate="2021-09-09T10:26:10.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no official manual for statisticians from NHL on the web. There are only some articles explaining some advanced stats like Corsi, Fenwick, PDO... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/lightning/news/hockey-analytics-101-understanding-advanced-stats-and-how-theyre-measured/c-735819&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nhl.com/lightning/news/hockey-analytics-101-understanding-advanced-stats-and-how-theyre-measured/c-735819&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However there exists an ice-hockey statisticians manual from NCAA where the statistics rules are the same as in the NHL (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/IceHockey/2021.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/IceHockey/2021.pdf&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:26:10.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26308" CreationDate="2021-09-09T10:37:10.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In NHL database every event has an order in match number. If events happen at the end of a penalty which lasted for the time it normally should without terminating it with a goal, these events have a flag if they happened in a power-play, short-handed play or at even strength (these flags are on all goal events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-09T10:37:10.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17703" CreationDate="2021-09-10T10:47:50.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;128 players compete in the singles main draw of Australian Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;104 spots are given to players with highest ATP/WTA ranking at that moment. If some of the 104 top players will not participate, next top ranked players will replace them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;16 spots are given to qualification winners (Q). Players qualify to qualification based on their ranking, like in main draw. There are 16 qualification brackets consisting of 3 rounds. Player who wins all 3 rounds in a bracket will qualify to the main draw. Additionally, if some players from the main draw will not be able to play the first round due to an illness or so, lucky losers will replace them (LL). Lucky loser is a player who lost in qualification. Lucky loser are chosen based on qualification round they have been eliminated in (higher is better) and then based on their ranking. 119 spots in qualification are given based on ranking, remaining 9 are given to wildcards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;8 spots are given to wildcards (WC). Tournament has the right to give a wildcard to any player. Usually they are given to young talents, local players, or can be earned by winning some small wildcard tournament playoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;additionally, players can use theirs protected rankings to qualify for the main draw (PR)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in some situations, special exempt (SE) spots in the main draw are given to players who signed up for qualification but are still playing some late rounds in other tournament and due to it could not compete in the qualification&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="20195" LastEditDate="2021-09-10T10:52:55.723" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T10:52:55.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22878" CreationDate="2021-09-10T11:00:19.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no (O) abbreviation, at least not in English. Maybe you meant WO or W/O which means, that player advanced to the next round via walkover. Walkover means, that opponent has retired from the match even before it started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T11:00:19.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25682" CreationDate="2021-09-10T11:07:23.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context, turning pro means, that player has played his first ATP Tour match, not ITF (so at least ATP 250 tournament).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T11:07:23.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17323" CreationDate="2021-09-10T11:11:10.013" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule for which net to use. It is because doubles are played on the same tournament (venue) at the same time. It is easier to just place sticks under the net for singles rather than changing the whole net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T11:11:10.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26347" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26350" CreationDate="2021-09-10T15:22:14.943" Score="2" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently learned that in the late 90s to early 2000's that an NFL sponsored/organized American Football league was playing in Europe. Based on attendance numbers, I could find it seemed decently attending. It also seemed like a semi-useful farm league for the NFL. Yet it didn't work out, it seems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anecdotally, quite a few of my European friends I have since talked to about it seemed to love it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was it just a finance thing, or was the NFL getting bored of maintaining it? With the current investment in overseas games in the UK and Mexico, it seems like this would be a great thing to have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21784" LastActivityDate="2021-09-11T05:12:43.097" Title="Why did NFL Europe fail?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26029" CreationDate="2021-09-10T17:09:53.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Swimmer here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say go for what you're comfortable with if you're not competing. There isn't really any optimal breathing strategy if you're just swimming leisurely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to not breathe for XXX number of strokes, the only way is to train holding your breath while swimming butterfly. Most pro swimmers in the 200 fly probably breathe every alternate stroke or every stroke. It's pretty hard to hold your breath and do butterfly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21861" LastActivityDate="2021-09-10T17:09:53.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26029" CreationDate="2021-09-10T20:00:11.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Michael Phelps was a world record setting butterfly swimmer and he would &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.yourswimlog.com/butterfly-stroke/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;breathe every stroke&lt;/a&gt;.  He breathed shallowly but frequently (more instructions in the link or just watch him on YouTube or similar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option would be to simply skip a breath every time you feel you don't need one.  I.e. rather than breathe every stroke or every two strokes consistently, breathe intermittently.  If you feel short of breath, then breathe.  If you don't, skip that stroke (and definitely breathe on the next stroke).  This might end up with breathing two strokes and then skipping one.  But what I'm saying is that rather than breathe every stroke whether you need it or not, breathe when you feel you need it.  If you feel out of breath at the end of your forty-four strokes, then breathe more next time.  If you feel like you have too much breath, breathe less often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phelps' insight was that breathing shallowly every stroke gave him plenty of breath without slowing him down too much.  I would encourage you to try it.  Lift your head less and take shorter breaths.  If that doesn't work for you, try being more intermittent.  Don't breathe every stroke but don't skip every other stroke either.  There's no score for consistent breathing in swimming.  Work out something that feels right to you, not that matches some arbitrary metric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-09-11T04:43:10.927" LastActivityDate="2021-09-11T04:43:10.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26347" CreationDate="2021-09-11T05:12:43.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not really possible to know exactly why they closed NFL Europe.  It was losing money, but it was always losing money - a few tens of millions of (US) Dollars per season ($30MM by the end).  Why pick 2007?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible, of course, that it was simply money - certainly $30MM a year is not nothing.  It's also likely, though, that owners had started to think about developmental leagues a bit differently (which is what NFL Europe was, basically).  In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/23/you-didnt-play-to-get-rich-what-killed-nfl-europe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article in the Guardian&lt;/a&gt;, Cowboys EVP Stephen Jones said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“We’ve reached a point where we really should be looking more at a developmental league, and I really expect that to begin here in the next year or so,” Dallas Cowboys executive vice president Stephen Jones, a member of the league’s competition committee, told CBS Sports. “We lost a lot of money on NFL Europe, but there were a lot of things the league did well and for all of those reasons – coaches, officiating, players, quarterbacks in particular – it’s something we really do need to be looking at and studying. The time might be right to do it.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They never did start a developmental league (at least, not as of 2021); my suspicion is simply that it's hard to do football &amp;quot;minor leagues&amp;quot; as you need so many players, and it's so physically demanding and dangerous. Perhaps whomever was thinking of starting a new league lost influence - or nobody was, and Mr. Jones was just blowing hot air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read some more about the league and its failures &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/nfl/nfl-why-nfl-europe-fail&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-09-11T05:12:43.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15997" CreationDate="2021-09-11T22:45:47.567" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After winning &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 US Open&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Raducanu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Emma Raducanu&lt;/a&gt; has &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/emma-raducanu-becomes-first-qualifier-to-win-us-open-with-defeat-of-layla-fernandez-221233241.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;become the first person&lt;/a&gt; to win a Grand Slam tournament as a qualifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21864" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-09-23T05:01:51.467" LastActivityDate="2021-09-23T05:01:51.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-15T00:05:00.777" Score="1" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;Clearly, running fast is harder than running slow. If I run a 5k in 30 minutes, I will be panting harder and feel more uncomfortable by the end of it than if I jog it in 45 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? How can we quantify the difference? An obvious thing to try is to count calories - what is the energy cost of running a certain distance at a certain speed? However, it seems to be fairly well accepted that calories per kilometer is constant, independently of your speed. See e.g. &lt;em&gt;Margaria et al. 1963, Energy cost of running&lt;/em&gt;. The claim is also stated very clearly in Carrier et al. 1984, which cites the first paper:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...the cost of transport for a running human does not depend on speed. Consequently, a man running a marathon will consume the same amount of energy for transport whether he runs at a slow jog or at a world-class pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not calories, what is an appropriate way to measure &amp;quot;perceived effort&amp;quot; of running a given distance at a given speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21873" LastActivityDate="2021-09-15T00:05:00.777" Title="Why is running faster more tiring, per kilometer?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2021-09-15T03:27:16.183" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26338" CreationDate="2021-09-15T17:39:28.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;h3&gt;The better team doesn't always win&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best teams in hockey in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 2020-1 season&lt;/a&gt; were the Colorado Avalanche and the Vegas Golden Knights, with 82 points.  They won 69.6% and 71.4% of their games respectively.  So even if you knew a priori that they were the best teams and picked them to win, you would only get about 70%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The worst team was the Buffalo Sabres, with 37 points.  They lost 73.2% of their games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Not every team wins or loses 70% of its games&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those examples are the most extreme.  But many games do not include any of the Avalanche, Knights, or Sabres.  What happens when the New York Rangers face the Montreal Canadiens?  Who's the better team?  In games like that, your chances of being wrong are much higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Not every opponent is average&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Avalanche and the Golden Knights are in the same division.  Some of the time, they play each other. Again, your chances of being wrong are much higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at the playoffs for more examples.  In eight first round matches, five undercards won, including two of the number one seeds losing to the number four seeds, despite home rink advantage.  In the four second round matches, the lower seed won every one.  Including the Montreal Canadiens, who had a losing record in the regular season but went to the finals.  Overall, the better seed only won five of fifteen matches.  Of course, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_NHL_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;year before&lt;/a&gt;, the better seed won a majority of the matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Most decisive&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's as useful to us for a team to be at the bottom of the rankings as at the top.  Either way, it tells us how that team is likely to do in games.  So rather than think of the Sabres as winning only 26.8% of their games, think of it as their opponent wins 73.2%.  If we think of every team like that, the Sabres were the most decisive team.  If we guessed that they'd lose, we'd be right 73.2% of the time.  The worst team would be a team that won and lost equal numbers of games.  Such a team would only be 50% decisive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Give every team a decision score.  They will all be between 50% and 73.2% (in the 2020-1 season).  If you average those numbers together, you get that the average team is around 60% or so decisive.  Hey, that's about the same as the predictions!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is this telling you?  The fundamental problem with consistently guessing the winner with more than 60% accuracy is that games are only 60% accurate at determining who is the better team.  If we had a perfect system that could tell who was the better team, it would still only be 60% accurate at predicting games.  Because on average the games themselves are only 60% accurate.  This should not be terribly surprising.  It is after all, the reason why playoff matches are seven games and not just single games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;More rigor&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be better for this analysis to look at head-to-head matchups rather than overall records.  But I could easily find the overall records (thanks Wikipedia) and could not as easily find the head-to-head results.  Also, I doubt that there would be enough data for a truly rigorous examination.  Note that 31 teams played 56 games each.  That's less than 2 games per matchup.  Even in a full 82 game season, that's less than 3 games per matchup average with 2 (other conference) to 4 (same division, maybe) being the actual numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither 2 nor 4 is a large enough sample.  Really, 82 is rather on the small side.  Statistics usually work with hundreds if not thousands.  But that to helps explain the problem.  There isn't enough data to make really accurate predictions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Survivorship bias&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the problems with your initial analysis is that I strongly suspect that you are looking mostly at the easy matchups.  The Avalanche or the Golden Knights will usually beat the Sabres (at least as the teams were in 2020-1).  But other teams are going to be far more evenly matched.  For example, in the playoffs, they were 4-2 (so the better team only won 67% of the time--assuming the Golden Knights were the better team; perhaps the better team only won 33% of the time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get to pick which matchups, you can do better than 60%.  But if you have to pick every game, then you have to pick a lot of games where either team could win.  And naturally the matchups that you measure are those where you came to a decision.  If you couldn't choose between two evenly matched teams, you don't score yourself with a miss.  You just figure that you didn't have time.  But those hard matchups should pull down your percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why the comments keep telling you to try it.  Because if you actually tried to pick all the games this season, it is very unlikely that you would do much better than 60% overall.  You might well do better than that for some teams though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Practical use&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not clear to me that even a perfect predictor would have a practical use.  What does it change for managers and coaches?  Anything short of perfect, they still have to play the games.  Perhaps it might help them plan a bit as to when to rest players (if you're going to lose, might as well lose with your second team on the ice).  But even then, what if that would have been the game where you would have beat the odds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For bettors, to have a bet, you need two sides.  So the weighted win percentage in betting is always 50%.  It may feel like you're betting against the bookie, but that usually isn't true.  Bookies don't normally pick a side.  Instead, they lay off their bets with other bookies such that, they come out a little ahead regardless of what happens.  If there was a service that provided perfect predictions, then everyone would use it and you could never place a bet.  There would be no one to bet the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With our current imperfect system, what happens is that they use odds and/or the spread to balance things.  But the average return is such that if you bet both sides, you will lose money.  Because the winnings are less than the cost of placing the bet both ways so that the bookie has a profit margin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not to say that you can't win individual bets.  Or even beat the odds on average.  But everyone can't do that all of the time.  Someone has to take the losing side.  People who tend to beat the odds are the ones who pick games where bettors are likely to be irrational.  For example, where people are betting on their home team, even when it's not that good.  That can skew the odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21587" LastEditorUserId="21587" LastEditDate="2021-09-15T18:59:46.423" LastActivityDate="2021-09-15T18:59:46.423" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-17T07:40:45.573" Score="1" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an ATP/WTA or grand slam tournament where coaches win a trophy too when their player win the tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-17T07:40:45.573" Title="Trophies for tennis coaches" Tags="|tennis|awards|atp|coaching|wta|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26364" CreationDate="2021-09-19T16:05:02.027" Score="3" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the US open final between Medvedev and Djokovic, at some point in the second set, on the 2-1 Djokovic and Medvedev serving, Medvedev missed his first serve giving Djokovic a chance to break him on his second serve. After the second serve, in mid play, apparently some music was played and the umpire ruled to start again, giving Medvedev a second first serve.&#xA;Why didn’t the umpire rule to replay on Medvedev second serve, since the first serve  had already been missed even before the music was played?&#xA;See here for &lt;a href=&quot;https://wwos.nine.com.au/tennis/us-open-tennis-2021-novak-djokovic-daniil-medvedev-music-stadium-gaffe/ca22fc39-60a5-4434-8b98-a677dbd39689&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14237" LastActivityDate="2021-09-19T20:44:29.147" Title="Why was the game replayed from first and not second serve during Medvedev-Djokovic final after music played?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26362" CreationDate="2021-09-19T20:44:29.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ITF rules of tennis is written:&#xA;&amp;quot;If a player is hindered in playing the point by a deliberate act of the opponent(s), the player shall win the point.&#xA;However, the point shall be replayed if a player is hindered in playing the point by&#xA;either an unintentional act of the opponent(s), or something outside the player’s own&#xA;control (not including a permanent fixture).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In US Open final, Medvedev was hindered in playing the point by music, so the point was replayed. Each point starts with the first serve, that's why he was serving his first serve again. It is fair as players are more nervous at second serve and in this situation player on the serve would be clearly out of rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-19T20:44:29.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26365" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26379" CreationDate="2021-09-19T20:48:46.053" Score="1" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;In ice-hockey when there is a penalty shot and player missed the net so goalkeeper didn't need to make a save, is it still counted as a save for the goalkeeper for his penalty shot save percentage? And what about shootout shots?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2021-09-24T11:34:47.900" Title="Ice-hockey penalty shot saves" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|penalty-shot|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25650" CreationDate="2021-09-20T13:41:41.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Player 2 wins the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/en/about-us/governance/rules-and-regulations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF tennis rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 24. Player Loses Point&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The point is lost if: ...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;i) The ball in play touches the player or anything that the player is wearing or carrying, except the racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 25. A good return&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a good return if: ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) After the ball in play has hit the ground within the correct court and has spun or been blown back over the net, the player reaches over the net and plays the ball into the correct court, provided that the player does not break Rule 24.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when player 1 hits a ball with backspin and the ball touches players 2 court side and then bounces back over the net to players 1 court side the ball is still in play and player 2 is supposed to play it.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;However, if player 1 touches it before player 2 can, he prevents player 2 from playing the point and it does not matter if the player 2 could not reach the ball anymore. The ball was in play and player 1 touches it means that he loses the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-02-24T18:12:10.210" LastActivityDate="2022-02-24T18:12:10.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18563" CreationDate="2021-09-22T02:42:43.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very much a partial answer; in Kansas we use the 28.5 for middle school boys.  I should know; as a middle school coach I've got something like twenty of the little things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21686" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T02:42:43.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26142" CreationDate="2021-09-22T02:56:09.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would elaborate on P. Kendall's answer and say that preventing a dunk when a person has an extreme physical advantage on you is all about doing your work early.  All dunkers, whether 5'11&amp;quot; leapers or 7'2&amp;quot; giants have preferred flight plans towards the basket.  The 5'11&amp;quot; guy, for all his hops, probably is not going to dunk off of a sharp change of direction.  The 7'2&amp;quot; center does not want to dunk from far away, because he knows he'll get injured that way.  The baseline dunker can be nudged slightly behind the backboard, but not if you are late on your adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very few distance dunkers (think guards and forwards) will want to dunk through physical contact, again because of fear of injury, but also because it denies them the gather, the same way bumping a shot blocker keeps him grounded.  This doesn't mean bumping them, necessarily; it can be a soft lean that prevents the gather.  These guys are all fast as hell, though, so you cannot afford to give them a step or they'll blow by you.  Meet them early coming up the floor and deny them their routes.  Of course, Do Not Put Them In Danger!  I know it's an unspoken rule, but it needs to be said every now and then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, of course, smile when you get dunked on anyway, because it's a beautiful part of the game, even if you're on the wrong end of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21686" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T02:56:09.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18563" CreationDate="2021-09-22T15:53:43.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any programs that follow the &lt;a href=&quot;https://usamateurbasketball.com/national-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Amateur Basketball National Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The National High School Federation Rules and Regulations (NHSF) will apply to all US Amateur Basketball games with the following exceptions.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle and High School (Grades 7 thru 12) will consist of two sixteen minute halves and will use a regulation size basketball (intermediate size ball for Women).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grades 3 thru 6 will consist of two fourteen minute halves and will use the 28.5 intermediate size ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3755" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T15:53:43.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26375" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-22T20:11:42.467" Score="1" ViewCount="4220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently enjoyed watching home fixtures of Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. Then I thought about the size of football pitch with those played in other European top tier leagues. The ones in English Premier League seem to be small when compared to the stadiums of clubs in Serie A, La-Liga and Ligue 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the size of the &lt;em&gt;pitch&lt;/em&gt; remain the same everywhere? Also would lack of space in metropolitan areas could be a plausible reason why the pitches are small in Premier League or is there any other reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21898" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2021-10-15T07:10:27.893" LastActivityDate="2021-10-15T07:10:27.893" Title="Size of football pitches in England and European countries" Tags="|rules|football|english-premier-league|la-liga|serie-a|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26375" CreationDate="2021-09-22T22:18:36.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitch most definitely varies in size, but not terribly much.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200666.stm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page from the BBC&lt;/a&gt; for example.  England's rules are very wide - the pitch must be between 90m and 120m long, and between 50m and 100m wide (!!) - that's a big variety, though - but for major (or even mid-level) play, it's pretty close to standardized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sqaf.club/are-premier-league-pitches-the-same-size/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This page lists various Premiere league field sizes&lt;/a&gt;; they're in yards, so slightly larger numbers than meters, but same idea.  Most are about the same size (the Category 4 UEFA size of 115x74 yards).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most follow this regulation (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/analytics-uefa-champions-league-premier-league-field-dimensions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article on dimensions&lt;/a&gt; that mentions the possibility of exceptions). Note though that many of the Premiere League teams have identical dimensions to the requirements - 105mx68m - and those that don't are &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; smaller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - most likely, they're not really all that different, in the pitch, any difference you notice is due to how the overall stadium is constructed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-09-22T22:18:36.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26375" CreationDate="2021-09-22T23:22:13.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For non international matches, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_pitch#Pitch_boundary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pitch size&lt;/a&gt; can vary quiet a bit. The pitch has to be a rectangle whose width can be anywhere from 45 to 90 meters, while the length can be anywhere from 90 to 120 meters. So a football pitch can &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/12447&quot;&gt;almost be a square&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the international pitch dimensions are much stricter. The width has to be from 64 to 75 meters and length from 100 to 110 meters. So you'll notice much less variety on pitches that host international matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you see pitches with varying legal sized. But specially in the EPL where many of the pitches are very old, or are in populated areas and size is a constraint (tho the variance tends to be in just a few yards/meters). Newer stadiums usually tend to be at or close to international size, so they can host international matches if need be. You can notice the same phenomenon with MLB ballparks where the stadiums come in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5420/3671&quot;&gt;all sorts of sizes&lt;/a&gt; due to space constraints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-09-23T16:03:10.347" LastActivityDate="2021-09-23T16:03:10.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26375" CreationDate="2021-09-23T15:16:37.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure it's that true that EPL grounds are that much smaller than European grounds, at least for the &amp;quot;Big Six&amp;quot; (and Wembley):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Stadium&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Club&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Length (m)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Width (m)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Anfield&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Liverpool&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;101&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;City of Manchester Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Manchester City&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Emirates Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Arsenal&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Old Trafford&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Manchester United&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Stamford Bridge&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chelsea&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;103&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Tottenham Hotspur Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Tottenham Hotspur&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Wembley&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;None / England&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of these, four (plus Wembley) are the regulation international size of 105×68m and the others aren't &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; much smaller - even Anfield is 96% of the area of a 105×68m field. Running down other clubs in the Premier League, the only other club I could find with a field smaller than 105×68m was Goodison Park (Everton). It is notable that all three of the &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; stadia (Anfield, Goodison Park, Stamford Bridge) are traditional stadia built well before the era of standardisation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in slight contrast to the other major European clubs, all of whom have 105×68m fields:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Stadium&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Club&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Length (m)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Width (m)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Allianz Arena&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bayern Munich&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Camp Nou&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Barcelona&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Juventus Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Juventus&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Metropolitano Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Athletico Madrid&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Parc des Princes&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Paris Saint-Germain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;San Siro&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;A.C. Milan / Inter Milan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Santiago Bernabéu Stadium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Real Madrid&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;105&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;68&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(All numbers taken from the stadium pages on Wikipedia)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-23T15:52:07.837" LastActivityDate="2021-09-23T15:52:07.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26365" CreationDate="2021-09-24T11:27:44.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regardless of when they are made, saves in hockey are defined by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_on_goal_(ice_hockey)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;shots on goal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shot, on the other hand is any puck directed toward the net.  If the shot would have gone in the net without a save, it is said to be a shot on goal.  If the goaltender makes a save, it counts as a shot on goal.  Any shot on goal is counted as a shot, but not all shots are shots on goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this reason, in overtime, during a penalty shot, or a shootout, if a puck does not go in the net, and is not stopped by the goaltender, this will not count as a save.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2021-09-24T11:34:47.900" LastActivityDate="2021-09-24T11:34:47.900" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2021-09-26T00:47:10.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason it's not used is because coaches are no longer a pillars of their institution.  They are always looking for better opportunities and they don't wish to appear like a dinosaur who is isn't up on the latest offensive theory&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21917" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-09-26T05:17:34.480" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T05:17:34.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26384" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-26T16:23:53.653" Score="0" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, if a goalkeeper does not save a penalty that happened during the game (as opposed to during a penalty shootout) do they still get a shutout? I was just curious because I know that in a shootout, the goals do not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21920" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-26T17:07:49.357" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T17:07:49.357" Title="Does a penalty count against a shutout in football?" Tags="|football|statistics|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26384" CreationDate="2021-09-26T17:05:18.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it counts - in general, penalties during regular play are not treated any differently from other goals in in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: A &amp;quot;shutout&amp;quot; is not something defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (even in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/glossary/football-terms/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;glossary&lt;/a&gt;), so for a definitive answer you would need to refer to whichever organisation is collating the shutout statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-09-26T17:05:18.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26386" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-09-26T19:14:50.360" Score="2" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose that, in a football game, for whatever reason, one team wanted to prolong the game indefinitely and never reach an end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, suppose they had the ball, say on the 25 yard line, then they would start jumping offside, making a false start which they would be penalized 5 yards for, and the down would remain the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They would keep going backwards, and when they were inside their own 5 yard&#xA;line, they would begin being penalized half the distance to the goal line.&#xA;The goal line would never be reached since the half distance penalties&#xA;would go on indefinitely, and so the game would never end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this theoretically happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21921" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-09-26T19:34:45.397" LastActivityDate="2021-09-27T10:00:30.620" Title="Is an infinite game possible?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26386" CreationDate="2021-09-27T09:27:38.710" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, that's not realistic.  Even for situations not explicitly mentioned, most sports (including the NFL) have basic &amp;quot;catch-all&amp;quot; rules allowing officials to make decisions necessary in the interest of the game.  Not every potential issue may be thought of ahead of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12-3-3 comes close to an explicit prohibition, mentioning that intentional fouls to manipulate the clock are not allowed.  But this seems to be written to prevent teams from running out the clock, not to prevent them from keeping it stopped.  So the penalty mentioned there doesn't give relief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that this is not a realistic worry to happen in a game.  But if it did, officials could invoke &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5427/2021-nfl-rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules&lt;/a&gt; 12-3-4 and start with kicking people out of the game that they think are committing intentional fouls to prevent the game from starting.  If that didn't get the game going, they could stop the game and award a forfeit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 4. PALPABLY UNFAIR ACT. A player or substitute shall not&#xA;interfere with play by any act which is palpably unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a palpably unfair act: Offender may be disqualified. The&#xA;Referee, after consulting the officiating crew, enforces any such&#xA;distance penalty as they consider equitable and irrespective of any&#xA;other specified code penalty. The Referee may award a score. See&#xA;19-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the referred to rule is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. REFEREE’S AUTHORITY. The Referee is to have general&#xA;oversight and control of the game. The Referee is the final authority&#xA;for the score. If there is a disagreement between members of the crew&#xA;regarding the number of down, any decision, or the application,&#xA;enforcement, or interpretation of a rule, the Referee’s decision will&#xA;be final. The Referee’s decisions upon all matters not specifically&#xA;placed under the jurisdiction of other officials by rule are final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-09-27T10:00:30.620" LastActivityDate="2021-09-27T10:00:30.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26390" CreationDate="2021-09-27T13:26:32.800" Score="4" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is a lap time counted in Formula 1 (or other motorsports)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does timing begin when the front, or middle, or back of the car touches the start/finish line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21926" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-09-28T00:45:03.657" LastActivityDate="2021-09-28T00:45:03.657" Title="In F1 (or other motorsports), how is a lap time counted?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26389" CreationDate="2021-09-27T16:38:18.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides the primary transponder timing, there is a secondary timing system that uses an IR beam at the S/F line.  So you'd want to calibrate the two together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the &lt;a href=&quot;https://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/9EB70C1B4B3D5E9CC12576C7005427AB/$FILE/2010%20APPENDIX%2001-02-2010.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;F1 Regulations&lt;/a&gt; (pp. 44-45) specify the transponder placement with respect to the car axles, I suspect (but could not confirm) that the photo beam is placed such that it is not tripped by the nose, but by the vehicle tires.  If so, the timing would be calibrated to correspond to when the front axle crosses the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with how much the front nose length is regulated.  But this method would allow it to be modified a bit (or damaged in a crash) and not affect the vehicle timing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-09-27T16:38:18.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26394" CreationDate="2021-09-28T18:53:15.057" Score="1" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, which team has had the greatest time in possession but still lost the match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-28T19:07:12.990" LastActivityDate="2021-09-29T14:27:49.800" Title="Which losing team has had the most possession time?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26392" CreationDate="2021-09-29T13:21:09.907" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;The '96 Rams, or the '09 Dolphins&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statmuse.com/nfl/ask/which-team-has-the-most-time-of-possession-in-a-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statmuse.com&lt;/a&gt;, the 1996 St. Louis Rams lost &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statmuse.com/nfl/game/10-27-1996-stl-@-bal-10319&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt; to the Baltimore Ravens, despite having the ball for 45:43. If you're limiting the question to non-overtime games, then the record belongs to the 2009 Miami Dolphins, who lost &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statmuse.com/nfl/game/9-21-2009-ind-@-mia-13632&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt; (at home, no less!) to the Indianapolis Colts despite having the ball for 45:07.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The Statmuse database goes back to the 1991 season so there is a possibility games before that may have greater time in possession)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21709" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-09-29T14:27:49.800" LastActivityDate="2021-09-29T14:27:49.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26397" CreationDate="2021-09-29T14:25:52.387" Score="4" ViewCount="2579" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a lot of matches against Lionel Messi, when he is about to execute a free kick, a player of the adversary team places himself lying behind the barrier to prevent Messi of trying to pass the ball under the barrier and scoring the goal. Messi said he got this idea from players like Pirlo, but I never saw in a match where Pirlo played, the players of the adversary team doing this against Pirlo. Also, I believe that in a match where Messi player, the commentator highlighted this was the first time a team was doing this, though I'm not completely sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which was the first soccer match a player placed himself lying behind the barrier to stop a free kick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2021-09-30T04:39:01.993" Title="Which was the first soccer match a player placed himself lying behind the barrier to stop a free kick?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12144" CreationDate="2021-09-30T04:28:59.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;great description concerning tips and blocks as to whether it is a dig.  A very misconceived and poorly recorded stats by many assistance and coaches that keep stats.  In fact, unless your coach or one of them is/was a defensive artist, and it is an art; the instinct, reflex, unconscious ability to fly and do anything to touch something that may be going faster than the eye can track!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically any touched ball by your teammate trying to block can be dug and if upped and played by the next player in a playable way, the statistician can rule that first up a &amp;quot;dig&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The free ball is a tougher one.  When a direct attack is not possible for whatever reason, poor pass, great dig, the player may not be in a good high percentage place or have the ability or role to attack.  When a player uses underhand technique to return the ball to the opponent and reset for another try, this looping return is called a &amp;quot;Free ball&amp;quot; meaning, the team gave their opponent and easy ball to set up, essentially a &amp;quot;free&amp;quot; try to return it again without the team hitting the freeball using an attempt to make a kill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However; there are many beach players who either play both sports or have turned back to indoor exclusively.  With them comes a gambit of tricky underhand shots that is, perhaps, considered a surrending &amp;quot;free ball&amp;quot;, but, in point, is an attack to get a point, or, in the very least make their opponent work to get the ball and set it up.  In my opinion, when the opponent returns, typically the third hit, as a &amp;quot;free ball&amp;quot; meaning an underhand or slow looping overhand hit, giving up their attack, but at the same time goes deep to a corner, or directs hit harder and lower in hopes of catching someone in the front off-guard, this is no longer a &amp;quot;free ball&amp;quot; but a deliberate attack and the return, if successful, is a dig.  correct? I have no problem with all free balls being digs in high school, but should a true &amp;quot;free ball&amp;quot; controlled pass be considered a dig?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21941" LastActivityDate="2021-09-30T04:28:59.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26395" CreationDate="2021-09-30T04:39:01.993" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The practice gained major visibility in UEFA competition when Marcelo Brozovic &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/championsleague/status/1057213364995272704?lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;slid down behind the wall on a Suarez free kick&lt;/a&gt; in 2018. Lionel Messi was actually there, but it was Suarez taking the free kick, not Messi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it was in Brazil that the practice came into being.  ESPN has a nice &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-the-toe-poke/story/4270210/behind-the-wall-how-ronaldinhos-free-kicks-helped-spark-trend-thats-taking-soccer-by-storm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article about it&lt;/a&gt;; the takeaway is that the practice of shooting under the wall was a trick Ronaldinho used from time to time, like in &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/championsleague/status/1335263664245514242&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this brilliant shot&lt;/a&gt;; sometime after that, the practice began against those known for shooting under the wall.  This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0_P5jjJ9xY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video of Lucio Flavio scoring over the wall in 2014&lt;/a&gt; shows a player lying down, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the ESPN piece, Ricardinho invented the practice in 2013, in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0_P5jjJ9xY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Serie B game where Jorge Valdivia took a free kick&lt;/a&gt;.  It wasn't necessary - the shot was a normal attempt to go through/over the wall - but he believes he invented the practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-09-30T04:39:01.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-02T22:54:10.873" Score="1" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a referee breaks official regulations are there any corrective courses of action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example if a call is challenged and accepted by the ref after official review. Or more extreme if a ref decided to award 60 yards for a penalty. Clearly it's not allowed, but is there any actual process for that? Are refs technically free to do anything without challenge within the context of a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, I'm not referring to bad calls. I'm referring to bad procedure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6220" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T00:11:03.173" LastActivityDate="2021-10-03T00:11:03.173" Title="What if a referee breaks the rules?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26400" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-02T23:21:29.083" Score="4" ViewCount="1655" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player on the receiving team of a kick-off call and make a &amp;quot;fair catch&amp;quot; of the ball if the kick is squibbed down the field (i.e., it has touched the ground first and remains in the field of play)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21950" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T00:10:41.780" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T17:28:01.323" Title="Fair catch of a kick-off that hits the ground first" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26401" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-03T01:46:07.927" Score="0" ViewCount="573" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB.com's box scores include a &amp;quot;LOB&amp;quot; column in the individual batting records, showing number of runners left on base.  I am curious how exactly this statistic is defined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MLB's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/left-on-base&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glossary page&lt;/a&gt; says only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an individual batter's case, it refers to how many men remain on base after that batter makes an out at the plate, as the batter has failed to do his job to score those runners -- or at least put himself in a position to score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure exactly what is included in &amp;quot;makes an out at the plate&amp;quot;.  For instance, does it include a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly?  What happens if the batter reaches on an error?  What about double plays?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find a precise definition by searching, and this statistic&#xA;doesn't appear in the MLB official rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T03:06:14.090" Title="What's the precise definition of the individual &quot;left on base&quot; statistic?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4404" CreationDate="2021-10-03T04:37:33.690" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stringing 12 strikes in a row is no easy task, and as explained above all it takes is one frame to mess you up. Depending on where you open or even spare one frame without a strike in a game is all it takes to blow the kind of average you think they should have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lane condition and oil pattern is everything. The more a lane is bowled on before being cleaned and re-oiled, the more the oil becomes unpredictable. As your ball rolls through the oil it carries it down the lane. The oil is what allows your ball to spin up and hold revs, then when it comes out of the oil on the backend, it hits dry lane and that's when it turns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if oil is carried down from your previous ball or your opponent's ball, then it can become unpredictable and might not turn enough because there is oil where there was none the previous throw. Or it can turn earlier as the oil on the front of the lane is not as thick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why often, left-handed bowlers have a advantage. If several people are bowling on a lane and they are all right-handed, then they have to contend with each others' carried-down oil, but a left-handed bowler is on the lane on the left side by themselves, so they only have to worry about their own oil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not to mention, you have to set the ball down repeatedly in the same speed and rotation and place on the lane every throw. There is a lot more to it than that but that is some of the basic things to consider. Some of the sport shots they put down on the lane with the oil pattern leave a pretty small target for the bowler to hit where a typical house pattern is more forgiving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most leagues have a house shot where the oil is in a Christmas tree pattern. The further you place the ball on the outside of the lane, the more it hooks because it has less oil, whereas you throw more down the middle, it slides in the oil more. So on a house pattern, the place you set your ball down could be 2 or 3 boards wide or more and still get a strike, but for a sport shot, you have to set the ball in the exact same places over and over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this makes some sense, not to mention it is a very mental game as well to be able to shake off the last ball and adjust and get back in the pocket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21952" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T09:39:53.780" LastActivityDate="2021-10-03T09:39:53.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1227" CreationDate="2021-10-03T17:30:55.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1969-70&#xA;Willis Reed Jr., NYK Center:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finals Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 23, RPG: 10.5, APG: 2.8&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;League Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 21.7, RPG: 13.9, APG: 2.0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All Star Game Most Valuable Player&#xA;21 Points 11 Rebounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1995-96&#xA;Michael Jordan, CHI Shooting Guard:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finals Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 27.3, RPG: 5 3, APG: 4.2&#xA;BLKPG: 0.2, STLPG: 1.7&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;League Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 30.4, RPG: 6.6, APG: 4.3&#xA;BLKPG: 0.5, STLPG: 2.2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All Star Game Most Valuable Player&#xA;20 Points 4 Rebounds 1 Assist 1 Steal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1999-2000&#xA;Shaquille O'Neal, LAL Center:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finals Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 38.0, RPG: 16.7, APG: 2.3&#xA;BLKPG: 2.7, STLPG: 1.0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;League Most Valuable Player&#xA;PPG: 29.7, RPG: 13.6, APG: 3.8&#xA;BLKPG: 3.0, STLPG: 0.5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;All Star Game Most Valuable Player&#xA;22 Points 9 Rebounds 3 Assists 3 Blocks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21953" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-10-03T17:50:08.283" LastActivityDate="2021-10-03T17:50:08.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26401" CreationDate="2021-10-04T03:06:14.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Partial Frame Challenge&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individual left on base is a meaningless statistic that is reported virtually nowhere that has a meaningful statistical background.  MLB.com does report it in their box scores, but no other major site that I could find even reports any LOB beyond Team LOB, nor do the newspaper box scores of old that I could find.  Fangraphs does not list it, and Baseball-Reference neither lists it nor even allows you to search for it (in their Stathead system).  While I don't have specific evidence for this (as it's so fully ignored there's no way to prove this negative), it clearly has no predictive value - as baseball is the leading sports in advanced statistics, and this isn't even available to look at without reconstructing it yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, the MLB &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2007/10_the_official_scorer.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official scorer handbook&lt;/a&gt; does not list individual left on base as a statistic the scorer is expected to keep.  As a result, I would define this term as &amp;quot;unofficial&amp;quot; and attribute no specific definition to it; it is something each site/person may define for themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;That said&lt;/em&gt;, it is possible to determine some of the rules that MLB.com follows by inspecting box scores and the play by play for those games.  For example, in the game between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/tigers-vs-white-sox/2021/10/03/632252#game_state=final,lock_state=final,game_tab=box,game=632252&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago White Sox on 10/3/2021&lt;/a&gt;, Akil Badoo is listed as having 2 LOB.  He left two runners on base in the third inning (when he popped out), and then later had a sacrifice fly to score a run with two on in the ninth inning.  The final score has him with 2 LOB, so clearly a SF does not count against LOB (even the runners who weren't scored).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, in a game the same day down I-55, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/cubs-vs-cardinals/2021/10/03/632238#game_state=final,game_tab=box,game=632238&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cubs and the Cardinals&lt;/a&gt; played, and the Cardinals pitcher had a sacrifice hit in two plate appearances, and 0 LOB.  As such, he had zero LOB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So clearly, neither kind of sacrifice is counted as any LOB by mlb.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as double plays, they do count as LOB (the runner who was also out). Look at Sosa (not Sammy, but Cardinals shortstop Edmundo Sosa); he had 3 LOB, grounded into a double play with two on, one of whom scored, in the second, and then grounded into a fielder's choice in the fourth with two on.  Every runner who was on and didn't score was counted against him, even the runner who was doubled off and the runner who was put out on the fielder's choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as far as errors, Tigers first baseman Harold Castro (not catcher Willi) in the game above reached on an error by White Sox third baseman Yoán Moncada, with one runner on.  That was the only &amp;quot;out&amp;quot; he (should have) recorded that game with a runner on who did not score (he also had an earlier sacrifice fly, but we determined that does not count separately, and there were no runners left on in either case).  As such, he was clearly credited with an LOB for it despite reaching safely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to wrap up:  SF, SH do not count any LOBs. GIDP counts the doubled-off runner as an LOB.  E counts as an out (as it does elsewhere).  Most likely, MLB.com simply counts any runner on base at the start of an at bat who had not scored by the end of the at bat, where the batter received an at bat but did not record a hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T03:06:14.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-04T08:34:36.250" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I'm aware there are 800m and 1500m events for freestyle in the pool but for other strokes such as breaststroke, backstroke and butterfly it seems to be capped at 200m. Why is this the case for the other strokes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thoughts:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that butterfly is a taxing stroke to sustain, but one can imagine that athletes would have the capacity to train for a length of 400m. Assuming this is the case, would it be possible to push this to 800m?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21955" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T08:34:36.250" Title="Why is there no official 400m+ distance of other strokes (apart from freestyle) in swimming?" Tags="|officiating|swimming|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26400" CreationDate="2021-10-04T09:07:14.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is tagged &amp;quot;collegiate&amp;quot;, so I'll give the NCAA rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR21.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA&lt;/a&gt; Rule 2, Section 8, Article 1. c.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. A valid or invalid fair catch signal deprives the receiving team of&#xA;the opportunity to advance the ball. The ball is declared dead at the&#xA;spot of the catch or recovery. If the catch preceeds the signal, the&#xA;ball is dead when the signal is first given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Giving the signal means the ball can not be advanced for any reason.  The ball is dead at the spot of the recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, you also could not advance the ball, but it would not be a fair catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-10-04T17:28:01.323" LastActivityDate="2021-10-04T17:28:01.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-04T16:55:12.510" Score="4" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that it is allowed to contest a scrum but it is rarely done, presumably because the ball can be fed directly to the Lock at back of the pack - has it always been like this or was there a watershed moment in the tactics or rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21083" LastActivityDate="2024-04-05T23:54:55.117" Title="When did it become convention to not contest a rugby league scrum?" Tags="|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26409" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-05T15:12:51.867" Score="2" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many men's singles Grand Slam matches (or Davis Cup matches) have ended with the same score in all five sets? Like the 2002 Wimbledon QF where David Nalbandian defeated Nicholas Lapentti 6-4, 6-4, 4-6, 4-6, 6-4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21958" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-10-05T17:43:07.987" LastActivityDate="2021-12-16T16:09:16.400" Title="How many men's singles matches have ended with the same score in all five sets?" Tags="|trivia|tennis|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26411" CreationDate="2021-10-06T21:27:03.187" Score="2" ViewCount="837" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/games/buccaneers-at-patriots-2021-reg-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Buccaneers @ Patriots&lt;/a&gt; game - in which the Buccaneers won - it was revealed by statisticians that it was Tom Brady's 50th career &amp;quot;game-winning drive&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What constitutes a &amp;quot;game-winning drive&amp;quot; statistically?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming from the Bucs-Pats game, it cannot be taking the lead on the final drive of the game, as the final drive of the game contained three successive QB kneels by the Bucs, after the missed FG attempt by the Pats. It also cannot be taking the lead on the last drive that team makes in the game, for the same reason. Unless of course, a drive of QB Kneels does not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be defined as a drive that takes the lead from the opponent, to which the opponent does not recover the lead, but then surely every win contains a game-winning drive, and Brady would have significantly more than 50.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it could also be that it's the last scoring drive of the game, that also takes the lead - but let's say that drive happens in the first quarter, and the rest of the game is a shutout - would that still be considered a game-winning drive? I would imagine in most people's eyes a game-winning drive would be in the latter stages of the 4th quarter - in typical Brady-esque fashion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2021-10-06T21:39:55.500" Title="What constitutes a &quot;game-winning drive&quot; statistically?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26410" CreationDate="2021-10-06T21:39:55.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;So - one bit you're missing, is that it was Tom Brady's 50th career game-winning drive &lt;em&gt;in the fourth quarter or overtime&lt;/em&gt;.  That's frequently, but not always, said with that sentence, but it's always a component even when unsaid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, a game winning drive is a score in the fourth quarter or overtime by the offense with the team tied or down by less than a score, which leads to the team to win the game without the lead changing after that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/index0999.html?p=3401&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; on PFR for more details on how they calculate it - it's not an &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; stat exactly so it's up to the individual site to calculate it, but it seems pretty standardized for the most part. You can also see their &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/gwd_career.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of QBs ranked by game-winning drives&lt;/a&gt; which includes, of course, Tom Brady near the top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-10-06T21:39:55.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26413" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26414" CreationDate="2021-10-07T19:57:03.970" Score="-1" ViewCount="1998" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are more than one of those games sort it by highest scoring to least scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastActivityDate="2021-10-07T20:57:45.873" Title="Has any team won a non shut out game with only field goals since the nfl afl merger" Tags="|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26413" CreationDate="2021-10-07T20:52:42.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Vikings defeated the Rams by a score of 23-21 on 1989-11-05, with seven field goals and a safety (not sure if you specifically wanted field goals only, or just no touchdowns). I've seen this game referred to as the most points scored by a team without a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198911050min.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198911050min.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure there are other games (I vaguely recall watching a 6-3 game once), but I am not aware of a definitive list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching for &amp;quot;most field goals in a game&amp;quot; uncovered &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/most-field-goals-in-a-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; referencing the above game as one of several involving 7 field goals (the record, 8, was in a game with a pair of touchdowns as well). In two of those games, the field goals accounted for all of the scoring for the winning team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bengals defeat the Ravens, 21-7, 2007-11-11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cowboys defeat the Packers, 21-6, 1996-11-18&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastEditorUserId="11180" LastEditDate="2021-10-07T20:57:45.873" LastActivityDate="2021-10-07T20:57:45.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26415" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-08T19:34:39.923" Score="0" ViewCount="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having a confusion regarding the net run rate calculation in IPL. The thing is after all the 14 matches, the NRR of KKR was +0.587 with 14 points. And after 13 matches, the NRR of MI was -0.048 with 12 points (in IPL, a team gets 2 points for each victory). Today was the last match of MI. If they were to qualify for the playoffs, they had to win with such a big margin so that their NRR surpasses the NRR of KKR. Now I read in a newspaper that if MI bats first and wins with a margin of 171 runs or more, their NRR will be more than KKR’s. It was also written that if MI bats second, it is impossible for them to make their NRR more than KKR’s no matter how large the winning margin is. I didn’t understand why this makes sense. I know NRR is basically the average of the difference of runs scored and runs conceded. So for instance, assume MI bowled first, wrapped SRH up for just 20 runs, and then chased the 20 runs in 1 over. So in that case, the NRR of MI for this match should be (20-1)=19. So their NRR for the season should become roughly 19/14&amp;gt;1. So in this case, they should qualify for the playoffs. What exactly am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21969" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-10-08T19:58:06.280" LastActivityDate="2021-10-08T19:58:06.280" Title="How is the NRR (net run rate) in IPL calculated" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2021-10-08T20:36:56.140" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26416" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-09T07:55:13.750" Score="0" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;senario is like this ...in badminton double game, both players are right handed , as shuttle went in middle of both players , one player want to play slow as shuttle is in his left side and his partner get that on right side. during playin one partner wants to drop and other partner hit his racket from backside as shuttle is on his right side and shuttle went to opponent court. In this case both player play the shot at same time. is it foul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21970" LastActivityDate="2021-10-09T07:55:13.750" Title="in badminton double both players hit the shuttle same time" Tags="|badminton|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26186" CreationDate="2021-10-11T11:14:45.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the already good answer Kenya had a clean sweep in the men's 5km steeplechase in 2004 and 1992. Finland had a clean sweep in the event in 1928 and Sweden had one in 1948.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeplechase_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2021-10-11T11:14:45.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26046" CreationDate="2021-10-11T11:36:34.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the professional era, there have been 7 lions tours. Only one of those tours has not comprised of a team that was not the reigning World Champion (or as it was in 2005 a part of the Lions side). So quite literally for a successful World Cup side to follow up that win with a successful Lions two years later means that you are beyond any doubt the best in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2005 Lions tour of New Zealand that tour was considered revenge for the English beating the All Blacks in 2003. The All Black came of a mediocre 2004 just to reinforce that they were still the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2001 Lions tour of Australia was John Eales's swan song and was also the first time the Australians had beaten the B&amp;amp;I Lions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2009 Lions tour of South Africa was also extremely important as it was a long-awaited chance at retribution for the disgraceful performance that the Springboks showed in the 1997 tour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2017 tour was also a landmark event as it was only the third time in the professional era that any team from Europe could beat the New Zealand All Blacks in their own backyard. This was also only the second Lions tour to end in a draw, the other one being the 1955 tour of South Africa&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2021-10-11T11:36:34.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26426" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26427" CreationDate="2021-10-13T02:35:06.287" Score="7" ViewCount="2242" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Atlanta Braves are going to the NLCS. The first game in the series is on Saturday 15 October 2021, but the game is described as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ATL / LAD @ SF / ATL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JaBXj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JaBXj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;screenshot of NLCS/ALCS game schedule for 15-16 October 2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean? The Braves are playing the Dodgers in San Francisco and Atlanta?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21993" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-10-13T02:56:43.757" LastActivityDate="2021-10-13T03:21:29.393" Title="What does this description of a baseball game mean?" Tags="|baseball|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26426" CreationDate="2021-10-13T03:21:29.393" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;The date of the game is set, and with Atlanta's win, their presence is assured.  What is not yet known is their opponent or the location.  It's just trying to show the different possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a division winner with a better regular season record than Atlanta, San Francisco has home field advantage and would host the first game if they advance.  (ATL @ SF).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a wild card team, Los Angeles would travel to Atlanta to start the series if they advance to the NLCS.  That game would be (LAD @ ATL).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slashes show options.  It'll either be the left side or the right side of the slashes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-10-13T03:21:29.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26429" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-14T18:21:38.880" Score="-1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;For many years the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/rules-changes/health-safety-rules-changes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL has been changing the rules&lt;/a&gt; to improve player safety.&#xA;How do tackling rules differ between Rugby and NFL?&#xA;What additional tackling rules could the NFL adopt from Rugby in order to improve safety?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.florugby.com/articles/6745817-rugby-vs-football-which-is-more-dangerous&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, I assume that primary rule change would be to require &amp;quot;players [to] wrap up when attempting to tackle&amp;quot;.&#xA;What might be other changes?&#xA;What is the likelihood that football would adopt these additional changes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21554" LastEditorUserId="21554" LastEditDate="2021-10-18T14:05:45.483" LastActivityDate="2021-10-18T14:05:45.483" Title="What additional tackling rules could the NFL adopt from Rugby in order to improve safety?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26429" CreationDate="2021-10-14T19:14:25.030" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest safety improvement the NFL could make by far would be to remove helmets. While this sounds paradoxical, helmets allow the kind of plays which result in concussions. Remove them (and obviously forbid any tackles above the chest area) and you'd have a much safer game; see for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/06/helmets-dont-eliminate-concussions-its-time-for-the-nfl-to-ditch-them&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article from The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chance of this happening is probably just about zero though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-10-14T19:14:25.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-16T10:49:08.843" Score="1" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you see cricket history, India is considered a strong cricket team among top 12 teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one of the big reasons is probably history and cricket 'culture'. So this influence a lot that cricket is more popular than any other sport here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I'm also thinking since India has largest population (and add the factor of history), so more chances of producing quality cricketers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of my personal assumption to support my above thinking are two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Look at the example of China. Irrespective of the fact that they are not known for cricket, they do so much good in Olympics. So again I feel since both countries have bigger population than anyone else, it does help in sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then look at Sri Lanka cricket. They were a strong team a decade ago. But since they don't have bigger population, I feel it will take them longer time (as compared to others) to get fully stable again like their past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are contradictions to my statements like Australia and New Zealand. So I'm not sure about what I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there any truth in what I'm thinking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21506" LastActivityDate="2021-10-16T14:10:41.520" Title="Is being a bigger country in terms of population one of the main reasons India is consistently among top cricket teams?" Tags="|cricket|indian-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26433" CreationDate="2021-10-16T14:10:41.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not really.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you yourself have noted, the correlation between population and sporting success is fairly weak. China have never been very good at cricket, whereas Australia and New Zealand have consistently been in the top five teams in the world, and Sri Lanka have consistently been in the top ten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Football is another good example. Of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;twenty most populous nations on Earth&lt;/a&gt;, only two (Brazil and Germany) have ever won the FIFA World Cup. Seven (including India) have never even qualified, and three (China, Indonesia, and DR Congo) have only qualified once. Meanwhile, at the 2018 World Cup, Croatia - the 130th most populous nation - finished runners-up, and Belgium - the 79th most populous - finished 3rd and are currently top of the FIFA World Rankings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's certainly true that having a larger population gives you a larger pool of talent and, therefore, a higher chance of producing world-class players. But in order to actually convert that talent pool into a world-class team, you need two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interest&lt;/strong&gt;. If people in the country aren't interested in a sport, they're not going to play it, no matter how good they might be at it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Investment&lt;/strong&gt;. Without proper facilities, infrastructure, and coaching staff, a sportsperson is never going to reach their full potential, and unless they are paid a lucrative wage, they won't be able to afford to turn professional.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is often a self-perpetuating cycle: success in a sport brings more interest and more investment, which in turn brings more success. This is how the likes of Australia and New Zealand have been able to remain cricketing powerhouses for decades despite having a fraction of India's population.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;India's large population does give it a theoretical advantage, but the real reason it's remained so successful for so long is because it has the interest and investment to be able to make the most of its population.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2021-10-16T14:10:41.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26439" CreationDate="2021-10-18T04:00:54.417" Score="2" ViewCount="4277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I attended a pro hockey game for the first time since I was a kid, and was wondering when players know when to sub in and out? It seems far too chaotic for a coach to shout someone's name for a one- or two-player substitution. The whole line changes seem a bit easier to picture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15926" LastActivityDate="2021-10-19T02:08:25.863" Title="How do players know when to sub in hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|substitution|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25646" CreationDate="2021-10-18T16:31:07.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2012, Andrew Bogut (1st overall in 2005) was traded to Golden State in exchange for a package including Kwame Brown (1st overall in 2001).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22023" LastActivityDate="2021-10-18T16:31:07.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4404" CreationDate="2021-10-18T21:44:09.763" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;People answering this question bring up many of the answers that are true that the OP did not know. It is not a house block shot, some of those patterns are quite long and even. Carrydown still happens, balls drink up too much oil and then the &amp;quot;human error&amp;quot; part should cover most but, let us consider the Tiger Woods phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even at the height of his prowess, he did not score the same on every hole. Why? Two reasons: they move the hole daily and the wind changes daily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, there are different oil patterns that break down differently, kind of like the wind. As for the positioning, the pieces of wood aren't put in the same place on every frame. Just go to a red pin league and watch it move around... and sometimes it will make a &amp;quot;clunk&amp;quot; instead of just bounding away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the tolerance on pins spotted is roughly 1/2 an inch. 10 lined up in a myriad of ways that means that it is possible to shoot correctly and get 9 or 8 or whatever. Add to that all the approach possibilities and come to the conclusion that it only looks easy. Trust me, the Chameleon Pattern in particular is not!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22024" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-14T13:07:05.623" LastActivityDate="2022-12-14T13:07:05.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26436" CreationDate="2021-10-19T00:17:51.313" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The lines should be set and known before they get on the ice.  The coach will have to do some shuffling during a game if a player becomes unavailable.  But otherwise they can just call out a line and the players know who is expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During play, the coach will tell the bench which line should be ready to go out next.  If there's no stoppage, the players on the next line have to be ready and watching for their corresponding teammate to come out.  Without a whistle, the line on the ice will have to get the puck into a safe situation to change (&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; right in front of your goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach doesn't call the timing.  The players need to practice how to play hard and then come off the ice before they're completely spent (usually between 40-50 seconds for NHL teams).  The period of time they're on the ice is a &amp;quot;shift&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the timing is right and they get the puck safe, they'll break for the bench.  It's the next line's responsibility to get on the ice properly as players approach.  There are different rules for the procedure at different levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If done right, all the line players swap within a few seconds and everyone on the ice is fresh.  There's lots of ways to mess it up.  You can have a player not pay attention and miss that the change.  Then if the puck comes back the player can get &amp;quot;trapped&amp;quot; on the ice and completely spent.  Being too casual with the puck when starting a change is bad as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach isn't going to be calling for individual subs.  If there's a problem, they'll change up the lines while players are on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-10-19T02:08:25.863" LastActivityDate="2021-10-19T02:08:25.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26442" CreationDate="2021-10-19T19:54:51.717" Score="2" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player from team A makes a desperate attempt to get the ball by running on opponent's team side of the net (outside the court, I believe they are not allowed on the opponent's court?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player from team B interferes with that action (on purpose or not) by getting on the way, forcing player A to take a longer route, etc..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would the referee handle such a case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this differs between regulations, I would be mostly interested in the European context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4998" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-19T20:33:40.380" LastActivityDate="2021-10-19T20:33:40.380" Title="Can you interfere with the opponent's action on your side?" Tags="|rules|officiating|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26441" CreationDate="2021-10-19T20:31:59.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe they are not allowed on the opponent's court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is correct; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.com/-/media/fivb/volleyball/pdfs/officialrulesofthegames/2017-2020_newedition/fivb-volleyball_rules_2017-2020-en-v06.pdf?la=en&amp;amp;hash=234FB0F5C95723C1039932DD808E6666&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB rule 10.1.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone&#xA;totally or partly through the external space, may be played back within&#xA;the team hits, provided that [...] the opponent's court is not touched by the player;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the interference point, this is best covered by entry &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.com/-/media/2020/fivb%20corporate/volleyball/rules%20of%20the%20game/casebook%202020/last%201/vb_casebook_2020.pdf?la=en&amp;amp;hash=79B9B89C0023CEBA4DAD058C106C51A4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3.11.1 in the 2020 FIVB Casebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If [a player from team B&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;] moved within his own court, his play was legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand if he was in the free zone and his&#xA;movement can be considered as an interference, he&#xA;committed a fault.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This essentially gives three possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player from team B was entirely within their own court (the half of the court delimited by the boundary lines). In that case, they have priority and they can never interfere with an opponent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player from team B was in the free zone (outside the boundary lines) but did not make an active movement. In the free zone, neither player has priority but as the player on team B did not make a movement, this is not interference&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The player from team B was in the free zone and did make an active movement. This is interference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Notes:&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. Team A and Team B are reversed in your example and that in the casebook - in the casebook, Team B is the receiving team. I have used your notation.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2. I'm looking for a better reference for this; it's what I was taught as a referee.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-10-19T20:31:59.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-21T15:25:24.603" Score="3" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tomorrow is my first match against St. Peters junior team and my coach told me that it will involve a tea break. I do not wish to drink tea - will this be expected or enforced during the tea break?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22036" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-10-21T21:20:42.127" LastActivityDate="2021-10-22T12:56:52.387" Title="Does the &quot;tea&quot; break in cricket always include actual tea?" Tags="|cricket|etiquette|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26446" CreationDate="2021-10-21T15:52:52.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, &amp;quot;tea&amp;quot; refers to a break between either playing sessions or innings; it is also the name of the supplied food and drink selection at that break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While there would generally be tea (the beverage) available to drink at tea (the break) it's not typically the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; drink available, nor is drinking it compulsory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-21T18:16:25.940" LastActivityDate="2021-10-21T18:16:25.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26446" CreationDate="2021-10-22T12:56:52.387" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;@motosubatsu's answer is very true answer, under normal circumstances. Most games I believe that to be true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, upon rereading your question again, I thought of the possibility that your  coach (since it appears he stressed the tea break to you, a new player) may indeed 'enforce' actual tea at the break, as a &lt;em&gt;learning experience&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't worry overly, it's not THAT bad, at least if there is sugar and some sort of cream available. Oh, and good luck with the match!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3755" LastActivityDate="2021-10-22T12:56:52.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-22T14:53:01.100" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it correct for a football throw-in to be legal that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The thrower needs to be outside the playing field&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both feet must be in contact with the ground&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball must be thrown from over head with both hands?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22040" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-22T14:56:36.540" LastActivityDate="2021-10-23T01:25:14.697" Title="What is required for a football throw-in to be legal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26449" CreationDate="2021-10-23T01:25:14.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;IFAB Laws Of The Game answer this quite clearly. Law 15, part 1 &lt;em&gt;Procedure&lt;/em&gt; describes what must happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stand facing the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;have part of each foot on the touchline or on the ground outside the touchline&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;throw the ball with both hands from behind and over the head from the point where it left the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using this to cover the three specific conditions listed,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; The thrower may have one or both feet on the touchline, which is part of the field of play (see Law 1, part 2 &lt;em&gt;Field Markings&lt;/em&gt;). But they cannot be on the field of play inside the touchline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; Both feet must be on the ground, whether on the touchline or outside it, when the ball is &amp;quot;deliver[ed]&amp;quot;. However they do not need to be on the ground during the lead-up or preparation for the throw, allowing for &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Ya8jW_B9qL4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some spectacular techniques to develop&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; This is explicitly required in law, and further, must be thrown &lt;em&gt;from behind and&lt;/em&gt; over the head. Simply holding the ball above the head, then releasing it forward, is not taking the throw correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-10-23T01:25:14.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26453" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-24T18:07:00.867" Score="-2" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, Bangladesh &amp;amp; Sri Lanka are more-or-less stable/well-known/competent teams, but it seems like they have to qualify from Group A/B to move to higher rounds. By itself, that is fine; but Afghanistan is definitely not a stable/well-known/competent team which already moved up to Group 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the decisions, events and choices which made this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2021-10-25T07:58:46.270" LastActivityDate="2021-10-25T07:58:46.270" Title="In Cricket T20 World Cup 2021, why are Bangladesh &amp; SriLanka Demoted to Group A/B with Afghanistan Promoted to Group 2?" Tags="|cricket|ranking|cricket-world-cup|qualifying|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26454" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26456" CreationDate="2021-10-24T18:11:37.333" Score="1" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;We’re having some discussion here if an opponent is obliged to hit the ball in tabletennis before returning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve hit some backspin balls which would drop just over the net on the opponents side, after which its spin would cause it to immediately return to my side after a single bounce. In that situation, it would seem that the ball is in play and I would have to hit it again, but I feel there’s a rule somewhere that the opponent actually has to play it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick google didn’t return the answer, so does anyone know here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22050" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-06T15:09:31.083" LastActivityDate="2022-02-06T15:09:31.083" Title="Ball spins back over net not touched by opponent in Table Tennis" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26453" CreationDate="2021-10-24T18:56:42.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is explained in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_ICC_Men%27s_T20_World_Cup#Teams_and_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article for the tournament&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 31 December 2018, the top nine ranked ICC Full Members, alongside hosts India, qualified directly for the 2021 tournament. Of those ten teams, the top eight ranked sides qualified for the Super 12s stage of the tournament. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh did not qualify for the Super 12s, instead being placed in the group stage of the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you may claim that &amp;quot;Afghanistan is definitely not a stable/well-known/competent team&amp;quot;, it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190131002935/https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/team-rankings/t20i&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a fact that they had a higher ranking than both Sri Lanka and Bangladesh at the cut off date (31 December 2018)&lt;/a&gt;, which would seem to me to be almost the definition of competence.  As of 6th October 2021, that is still the case, with Afghanistan ranked 8th, ahead of all of West Indies, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe and Ireland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-10-24T19:04:52.027" LastActivityDate="2021-10-24T19:04:52.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26454" CreationDate="2021-10-24T19:19:44.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the opponent must play the ball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://documents.ittf.sport/sites/default/files/public/2021-08/2021ITTFHandbook_v2_clean_version_1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 2.7&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;THE RETURN&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball [...] shall be struck so that it touches the opponent's court&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as your opponent did not strike the ball to touch your court, they have failed to complete a correct return and thus lose the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-10-24T19:19:44.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22651" CreationDate="2021-10-24T22:19:52.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Union Law 8&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8.14 All opposing players retire to their goal line and do not overstep that line until the kicker begins the approach to kick. When&#xA;the kicker does this, they may charge or jump to prevent a goal but&#xA;must not be physically supported by other players in these actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8.16 If the ball falls over after the kicker begins the approach to kick, the opponents may continue to charge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8.17 If the opposition touches the ball and the kick is successful, the goal stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22051" LastActivityDate="2021-10-24T22:19:52.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26453" CreationDate="2021-10-25T07:43:51.967" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that a combination of many factors helped Afghanistan rise in Cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are few factors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) India helped in highlighting the team by organizing matches in India, even going to the extent of coaching and giving a temporary “home-ground” to the Afghanistan team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/the-rise-and-rise-of-afghan-cricket-with-a-little-help-from-india/69256/ ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Indian support&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;India has played its part in the Afghanistan cricket story. In 2015, the BCCI offered the Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex in Greater Noida as a temporary “home-ground” to the team.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Afghanistan even “hosted” a three day T20 series against Bangladesh at Dehradun.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;“All teams touring India will play one cricket match against Afghanistan for which arrangements have been made,” BCCI acting secretary Amitabh Choudhary had said last month.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Former players Lalchand Rajput and Manoj Prabhakar have coached the Afghanistan team, the latter as bowling coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Pakistan has helped too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ Same article ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a sense, the war at home has, ironically, contributed to the rise of Afghan cricket. Forced out of homes, several of the players such as captain Asghar Stanikzai, Mohammad Nabi, and Mohammad Shahzad, honed their skills at refugees camps across the border in Peshawar, Pakistan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Same article mentions that Afghanistan beat West Indies (in World Cup 2019 qualifiers &amp;amp; in 2016) &amp;amp; Bangladesh (in 2018 T20 series)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sets the stage to move to the Decline of Bangladesh &amp;amp; Sri Lanka ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Bangladesh is Depending on the Big-5 and is gradually Declining :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/irreversible-decline-1607683 ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seemed that these five cricketers -- three batsmen, the country's greatest all-rounder and its best seamer -- would set examples that lesser and younger cricketers could follow in order to continue a tradition of improved performances. That is no longer true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/what-happens-to-bangladesh-cricket-after-the-big-five-1627017692 ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The currently 9th ranked team in ICC Ranking for ODIs, Sri Lanka sets an example of how unexpectedly a world-class team’s performance can decline after the retirement of some great cricketers of the nation.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Whether Bangladesh has to go back to where they were in the early 2000s or not after the retirement of the ‘big five’ depends on the future prospects and how they are utilised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Sri Lanka is gradually Declining over the Political Interference &amp;amp; the Infighting between Players &amp;amp; Management &amp;amp; the Financial crisis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/inevitable-fall-sri-lankan-cricket-what-actually-happened-252751 ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Political interference has been pretty acute cricket in Sri Lanka for quite some time now. And it is ruining their game&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;....&#xA;The most anyone has heard about Sri Lankan cricket in the last few days is probably about the &lt;strong&gt;dispute between the players and the board&lt;/strong&gt; on players' huge pay cut and the unrest that followed. Well, they have also lost the ODI series to Bangladesh, for the first time in their history. ....  And they are currently at the bottom of the ODI Super League and &lt;strong&gt;at risk of not qualifying directly&lt;/strong&gt; for the upcoming 2023 cricket world cup.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;....&#xA;Just to remind, Sri Lanka won the CWC in 1996 and played in two consecutive finals in 2007 and 2011. They were the champions of the T20 WC in 2014. But all those feel like distant memories now.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;....&#xA;Financial crisis definitely played a big part in the fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Sri Lanka is gradually Declining over Retirement Of Key Players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[[ https://www.probatsman.com/three-reasons-behind-the-decline-of-sri-lankan-cricket ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With such a great composition already serving the country, the inclusion of any youngster looked very hard at that time. This is where Sri Lanka did not plan much for a future and relied heavily upon the existing players who were match-winners for them and that is what cost them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This covers why Afghanistan has moved Up while Bangladesh &amp;amp; Sri Lanka have moved Down ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2021-10-25T07:43:51.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26459" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-25T15:12:57.607" Score="0" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this Out or Not Out in cricket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batsman hits the ball with his bat, and the ball then hits the fielding helmet not being worn directly, it is then caught by the fielder without the ball ever hitting the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this considered Out or Not Out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20223" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2021-10-25T22:42:11.020" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T16:35:45.787" Title="Is this Out or Not Out in cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26459" CreationDate="2021-10-25T15:59:11.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a tricky one, as there appears that there could be a conflict in the laws of the game depending on how they are enforced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally believe this will be &lt;strong&gt;Not Out&lt;/strong&gt;, as the ball striking the placed helmet will result in a Dead Ball - as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20.1.1.7&lt;/a&gt; which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; The ball becomes dead when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20.1.1.7&lt;/strong&gt; there is contravention of Law 28.3 (Protective helmets belonging to the fielding side).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 28.3&lt;/a&gt; referring to the use of fielding helmets&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;28.3&lt;/strong&gt; Protective helmets belonging to the fielding side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;28.3.1&lt;/strong&gt; Protective helmets, when not in use by fielders, may not be placed on the ground, above the surface except behind the wicket-keeper and in line with both sets of stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;28.3.2&lt;/strong&gt; If the ball while in play strikes a helmet, placed as described in 28.3.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;28.3.2.1&lt;/strong&gt; the ball shall become dead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, under &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 33.1 - Caught&lt;/a&gt;, it states that a catch taken after hitting an obstruction that is not the boundary (as considered by the umpires) is considered a fair catch:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;33.2.2&lt;/strong&gt; Furthermore, a catch will be fair if any of the following conditions applies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;33.2.2.5&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;the ball is caught off an obstruction within the boundary that is not designated a boundary by the umpires.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in which case you could make the case that the decision should be &lt;strong&gt;Out&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the argument here is whether the ball is considered Dead &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; after striking the helmet, in which the batter will be Not Out, or if play is allowed to continue and a fair catch is made, then it would be Out. However there does not appear to be a law that states this explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2021-10-25T16:04:48.147" LastActivityDate="2021-10-25T16:04:48.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26459" CreationDate="2021-10-25T22:46:15.003" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So it's out out.  As per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 28.3.2.1&lt;/a&gt; the ball becomes dead instantly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No wickets can be taken after the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="9129" LastEditDate="2021-10-31T16:35:45.787" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T16:35:45.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25557" CreationDate="2021-10-26T16:53:00.303" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Overall, I agree with your analysis (Practically, It is only Illusionary) and the corner case by Philip Kendall (Both teams may be unhappy) but the Purpose of Coin Toss is a little more than that here, in terms of Psychology, Audience Attraction and Communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) All televised Sports are entertainment for audiences, where &amp;quot;winning&amp;quot; is Important, Psychologically. It may be winning the toss, winning the Decision review or winning the Purple Cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supporting Material:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.crictracker.com/stats-is-virat-kohli-the-unluckiest-captain-ever-in-terms-of-winning-the-toss/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.crictracker.com/stats-is-virat-kohli-the-unluckiest-captain-ever-in-terms-of-winning-the-toss/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-netizens-spark-meme-feast-after-virat-kohli-toss-loss-yet-again-in-wtc-final-2896207&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-netizens-spark-meme-feast-after-virat-kohli-toss-loss-yet-again-in-wtc-final-2896207&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) When audiences join to watch on TV, it gives 5 more minutes of match build up, advertisements and commentary before the game actually starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supporting Material:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/to-toss-or-not-to-toss-icc-may-scrap-tradition-1146844&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/to-toss-or-not-to-toss-icc-may-scrap-tradition-1146844&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Numerous others, including Ricky Ponting, Michael Holding, Ian Botham, Shane Warne and Steve Waugh, have also endorsed the idea. &amp;quot;The concerned authorities must look at what Ricky Ponting suggested - no more tosses,&amp;quot; Holding wrote for Wisden India in 2015. &amp;quot;The minor setback there in my opinion, is that &lt;strong&gt;tosses are big for television&lt;/strong&gt;. It makes &lt;strong&gt;for good tension, everyone is focused on that coin&lt;/strong&gt; when it's in the air and the winning captain's decision and so on.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) In Audience Communication, it sounds better to say with Excitement &amp;quot;Team X has &lt;strong&gt;WON&lt;/strong&gt; the coin toss and has &lt;strong&gt;OPTED&lt;/strong&gt; to bat&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Team X has been randomly selected to bat&amp;quot; which lacks Excitement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supporting Material:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;TBI&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2021-10-26T20:29:49.287" LastActivityDate="2021-10-26T20:29:49.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26480" CreationDate="2021-10-27T14:15:26.493" Score="1" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the Habs this year is... well, pain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I'm starting to wonder, will they hit the 'Worst record for a team that was a Stanley cup finalist the year prior' record.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is that record in the NHL since it's start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="5036" LastEditDate="2021-11-01T12:59:54.723" LastActivityDate="2021-11-01T16:08:02.653" Title="What is the worst recorded record for a team that was, the previous year, a Stanley cup finalist?" Tags="|ice-hockey|records|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25565" CreationDate="2021-10-28T14:25:03.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the set of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;technical regulations written by the FIA&lt;/a&gt;, to be considered &amp;quot;legal&amp;quot; by F1 standards, the cars must follow a set very specific and detailed rules that affect each part of the car, including the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;aerodynamic Components&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;mass&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;power unit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fuel system&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;oil&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;coolant systems&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;charge air cooling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;electrical systems&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;transmission systems&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;suspension&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;steering systems&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wheels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tyres&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;brake system&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;car construction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;survival cell (chassis)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;safety structures&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;materials&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fuel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;engine oil&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If any of these rules are broken for any part listed above, then the car is not considered as a legal F1 car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the following article states that the plank assembly below the car must be fitted, so a car without a plank would not be deemed an F1 car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.5.9 Plank Assembly Below the central surfaces of the Floor Body, the plank assembly must be fitted. consisting of the plank, the skids, and&#xA;the mountings. The requirements of this article must be satisfied when&#xA;considering both sides of the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are obviously many more parts that are made &amp;quot;mandatory&amp;quot; through these sets of regulations, such as for the DRS. But I noticed many parts mention that a part declared as &amp;quot;X&amp;quot; must follow a set of rules, such as below, but it doesn't say that the part must be on the car. So perhaps reading through the whole regulations would be enough to determine which parts are mandatory and which aren't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.10.2 Pylons Bodywork declared as “Rear Wing Pylon” must: a. Lie within RV-RW-PYLON. 2022 Formula 1 Technical Regulations 31 15 October&#xA;2021 © 2021 Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile Issue 7 b. On&#xA;any Z plane, when considering both sides of the car, only contain no&#xA;more than two closed symmetrical sections with a maximum total area of&#xA;5000mm2 . This does not apply if the complete section lies within 30mm&#xA;of the Exhaust Tailpipe defined in Article 3.8.2. For any complete&#xA;closed section outside of RV-TAIL-EXH, the thickness of each section&#xA;may not exceed 25mm when measured in the Y direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full set of rules can be found on the FIA's website under regulations: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA Regulations&lt;/a&gt;. The set of regulations concerning the legality of F1 cards can be found under &amp;quot;technical regulations&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastActivityDate="2021-10-28T14:25:03.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-29T05:18:47.123" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the case where bases are loaded with 1 out, and the batter gets a base hit to the right. Runners on third and second score without a throw. But the runner on third missed home while picking up a bat and never touched home. The runner from second touched home and time was called.  What should the call have been?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22079" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-10-29T06:19:48.200" LastActivityDate="2021-11-29T23:01:15.103" Title="Runners passing each other at home base in baseball" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26469" CreationDate="2021-10-29T16:57:56.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Physically, it doesn't appear that the trailing baserunner passed the leading one, so there's no penalty for &amp;quot;passing a preceding runner...&amp;quot; 5.09(b)(9).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's less than two outs, so the trailing runner will score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lead runner missed home, so can be called out and run removed if the defense appeals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Might be interesting to think about what would happen if the runner from third tried to go back and touch the plate after the runner from second has already scored.  I can't find anything in MLB rulebook that would prevent it.  But high school &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/official-rule/nfhs/rule-8-section-2-touching-occupying-and-returning-to-a-base/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFHS&lt;/a&gt; rules are explicit that a runner cannot re-touch after a following runner has scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-10-30T22:01:41.053" LastActivityDate="2021-10-30T22:01:41.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26472" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-30T23:56:41.103" Score="3" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if the batsman hits the gloves of the keeper just prior to playing a shot which resulted in the shot being impeded? Should it be a dead ball or should any result - either a dismissal, do ball or runs stand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note - the intentions of the wicket keeper (it was not deliberate) or the gloves being in front of the wicket (they were not) are not of concern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22084" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-10-31T00:01:47.647" LastActivityDate="2022-03-30T20:06:35.600" Title="What happens if the batsman hits the gloves of the keeper just prior to playing a shot which resulted in the shot being impeded?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26472" CreationDate="2021-10-31T19:17:26.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have taken a long hard look at the laws and can see nothing here about this specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However if the gloves aren't in-front of the stumps and the wicket keeper didn't deliberately obstruct the batsman I would play on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there isn't a decision to be made then status quo persists and play on and the ball stands as played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2021-10-31T19:17:26.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-10-31T23:42:15.317" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are &amp;quot;kicking off&amp;quot; the ball, you will need a &amp;quot;kicker,&amp;quot; which you wouldn't need ordinarily.&#xA;If your team is &amp;quot;receiving&amp;quot; a ball, you would need two men in the back field instead of three. You might substitute an extra blocker for a quarterback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the respective &amp;quot;special&amp;quot; teams differ from their respective defensive and offensive lines by more than the one person I have hypothesized. How and why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-11-01T00:31:33.680" LastActivityDate="2021-11-01T00:31:33.680" Title="How do &quot;special&quot; teams differ from &quot;regular&quot; teams in American football?" Tags="|american-football|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26477" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-01T00:16:09.623" Score="0" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Early in his career (as a Pirate), current ace Charlie Morton once gave up ten runs in a single inning. That's a bad, 90.00 ERA for that one &amp;quot;frame.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you can only lose one game at a time. Suppose a reliever gave up those ten runs in one inning, and then pitched eight one-inning stints with 0 runs. Over those nine innings, his ERA would still be a lousy 10.00, but he would have been responsible for losing at most the one game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are there ways that managers adjust for &amp;quot;kitchen sink&amp;quot; pitchers, that &amp;quot;bunch&amp;quot; a disproportionate number of their lost runs into a handful of outings?*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*In the case of Morton, I did my own rough calculation. I calculated that his ERA would be about 3.00, after taking out his worst three outings (which ballooned his ERA to 5.00). So I started him at 0-3 for the three bad (and presumably lost) games. Another pitcher with a 3.00 ERA had a W-L record of 9-4. I &amp;quot;estimated&amp;quot; Morton's record at 9-7 (after adding the three &amp;quot;kitchen-sink&amp;quot; losses), which is a decidedly better record than that of a typical 5.00 ERA pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-15T08:01:32.543" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T08:01:32.543" Title="Are there any standard metrics in use that take into account the &quot;variability&quot; in a pitcher's ERA?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26476" CreationDate="2021-11-01T00:23:40.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The personnel in a team are part of 3 sub-teams or units: Offense, Defense, and the Special team. A player may be part of more than one unit. Tho it's very rear to see a player play for both the offense and the defense nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The offense is the team consisting of the Quarterback and everyone who plays with him. The defense is the team that goes against the opposing team's offensive team. The Special team consist of player that are used during any kicking action (kick off, field goal, punting).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They're called &amp;quot;Special&amp;quot; cause they play in special occasion, not the usual drives. Some players like the long snapper, kicker, and punter almost always play only for the special team unit. But there are many players that play in the special team, and either the defense or the offense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-11-01T00:23:40.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-01T01:54:04.530" Score="0" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;About ten years ago, there were a series of experiments (since gone nowhere), of allowing position players to pitch, say, one inning as a &amp;quot;reliever,&amp;quot; particularly if the team were losing badly (the New York Yankees' Nick Swisher, the Pittsburgh Pirates' Josh Harrison).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Normal&amp;quot; relievers loosen up in the bullpen before actually pitching. I can't see position players doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that once on the mound, a reliever gets eight pitches with which to warm up.* Is this all that the position player/reliever gets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*An exception would be made if the previous pitcher was injured. Then the reliever would get all the time reasonably necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastEditorUserId="1738" LastEditDate="2021-11-03T03:36:01.183" LastActivityDate="2021-11-03T03:36:01.183" Title="How would a position player warm up to be a &quot;reliever?&quot;" Tags="|baseball|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26465" CreationDate="2021-11-01T16:07:52.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NHL's &amp;quot;modern era&amp;quot;, The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Carolina_Hurricanes_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006-7 Hurricanes (40-35-7 OTLs, or 40-42)&lt;/a&gt; had the worst record by a defending champion if you count the OTLs as losses (which the NHL doesn't exactly).  If you count OTLs as ties (or just count &amp;quot;points&amp;quot;), then the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_New_Jersey_Devils_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995-96 NJ Devils&lt;/a&gt; had a slightly worse winning percentage if you count ties as half-wins (but still over .500), and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_Edmonton_Oilers_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1990-91 Edmonton Oilers&lt;/a&gt; won only half their games exactly (37-37-6) - but made the playoffs and advanced to the conference finals, so I'm not sure that is quite the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To find a team that was in the class of the other three leagues (the other 3 major leagues have a team around .333), you have to go all the way back &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the original six era to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E2%80%9339_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1938-39 Chicago Blackhawks&lt;/a&gt;, who at 12-28-8 had a .300 winning percentage of non-tied games, or a .333 winning percentage if you count ties as half-wins.  However, they're sort of a special case: the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937%E2%80%9338_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1937-1938 Hawks&lt;/a&gt; won the championship with a record of only 14-25-9 - a .385 winning percentage counting ties as half wins!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-11-01T16:07:52.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26479" CreationDate="2021-11-01T21:44:22.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know where you get the idea of an experiment; this has been possible for as long as I remember.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/gracema01.shtml#all_pitching_standard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mark Grace pitched an inning in 2002, for example&lt;/a&gt;, and definitely continuing to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2021/05/18/twins-white-sox-willians-astudillo-yermin-mercedes-home-run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Position players do, with some regularity, pitch in major league games in blowouts.  They don't, however, usually come in during an inning - they come in at the start of an inning, and warm up during the break.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even then, assuming they were in the game, they're already somewhat warm - they warmed up at the start of the game, and stayed warm during the game.  They also aren't pitching at the edge of their ability, like other relievers, so they don't need quite the same warmup as a reliever would who's hitting 95-100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-rule-changes-for-2020-season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;change in the rules in 2020&lt;/a&gt; that changed how they're allowed to be used - the team must be up or down by 6 runs, or in extra innings, or be a designated 'two way player'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-11-01T21:44:22.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26482" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26527" CreationDate="2021-11-02T16:57:40.093" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching Formula One for the last 14 years. I have seen many drivers who came from the Driver Academies of Mercedes or Ferrari, with championship wins in GP3 and GP2. But when they enter into F1 they never ever win a race, let alone the championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nico Hulkenburg is one such example. I enjoyed his driving, his radio messages, his style, but he never succeeded regularly. Jarno Trulli and Felipe Massa are other examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think Mark Webber was an exceptional driver. But his car failed more than Vettel's did. Juan Pablo Montoya was absolutely fantastic but again, he never won the F1 Championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this whole thing work?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Should one be at the right place at the right time?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Or back-up?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Or is your hard work not the only thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personal attributes, corporate inclination, political stand, nationality, media coverage?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It cannot be money. Lewis Hamilton is from a very humble background and he has won the F1 Championship many times. Timo Glock was his rival in GP2 but in F1, Lewis overshadowed him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked the list of drivers who competed in the 2006 GP2 Series when Lewis won. Out of 27 drivers, only Lewis and Timo Glock made it to F1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what matters the most in getting success in F1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2021-11-18T10:45:13.857" LastActivityDate="2021-11-19T19:05:11.810" Title="What matters the most when it comes to being successful in Formula One?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26477" CreationDate="2021-11-02T19:03:56.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, not really.  What you're describing would only be useful if it could be shown that this ability to have mostly good performance with little blips of horrible performance was something that was innate, rather than just a normal observation of random chance.  It's not, most likely.  You also &lt;em&gt;nearly never&lt;/em&gt; have pitchers who have quite this extreme of results - starters might sometimes give up this many runs (as Charlie Morton was), but they have huge numbers of innings - 150-200 for a full time starter - and a few &amp;quot;blips&amp;quot; won't matter very much.  Relivers, who pitch much fewer innings, would be taken out before they could give up ten runs nearly always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But either way, you would need to show this was an innate trait of the pitcher, and not just artifacts of chance, for this to be of value.  Otherwise you're just describing something random - which everyone is as likely to have as any others.  You also have the issue that, perhaps in this 10 run game, the pitcher was injured, or was tipping his pitches, or had some other issue that caused it - stats don't catch that, because they &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt;.  That's why you have to use statistics in combination with other analytical approaches, and not just blindly rely on a few numbers to paint a picture of a player's abilities and likely future performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also use statistics like FIP, instead of ERA, because they take more of the pitcher's performance into account - even with things like streakiness.  They don't directly factor it in, mind you, but they more accurately reflect how the pitcher performed relative to possible future performance.  Removing the results of random things like high BABIP and mediocre (but not error-prone) fielding, they focus on the things the pitcher can control - and that  control is always a factor, streakiness or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you talk about &amp;quot;wins&amp;quot;; that's one statistic that is entirely worthless, and no statistical pitching model worth its salt would even factor at all.  You found a 3.0 ERA pitcher with a 9-4 record?  Great!  May I introduce to you &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/hernafe02.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Felix Hernandez&lt;/a&gt;, who won a Cy Young with a 2.25 ERA... and a 13-12 record.  Pitcher Wins are too much a factor of other things - run support, what team they're playing on, etc. - that they're not predictive &lt;em&gt;at all&lt;/em&gt; of future individual performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the most part, pitchers are evaluated on things - like K/BB, K/9, etc. - that wouldn't even really be impacted by these bad games meaningfully; unless he gave up 10 runs all on walks, his rates would likely be mostly be minimally affected by the couple of bad games.  There are definitely relievers who do have &amp;quot;high&amp;quot; ERAs from a few bad games - and they're valued because of these other statistics, rather than some sort of made up statistic to evaluate ERA (which, itself, isn't very useful).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-11-02T19:03:56.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26513" CreationDate="2021-11-02T22:13:08.560" Score="0" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just bought Men Gymnastics shorts from GK Elite. Like these pictures,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gkelite.com/collections/gk-gym-men-pants-and-shorts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.gkelite.com/collections/gk-gym-men-pants-and-shorts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Women's Gymnastics, they don't wear undergarments underneath leotards.&#xA;However, I assume Men wear undergarments FruitLoom/Hanes (boxers, underwears) with Gymnastics shorts, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just started gymnastics and some of these shorts go lower than my Hanes boxers, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FCm0j.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FCm0j.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21417" LastActivityDate="2021-11-15T14:21:34.927" Title="Men undergarments with Gymnastics shorts question" Tags="|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26486" CreationDate="2021-11-03T01:08:50.073" Score="4" ViewCount="2704" Body="&lt;p&gt;In tennis and table tennis, it is legal to hit the ball around the net and net posts, i.e. the ball need not pass over the net as long as it gets to the legal court area on the opponent's side (without passing under or through the net).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this also the case in badminton? Or does it constitute a fault for the shuttle to be struck below the net's height even if it makes it to the other side without having to pass through/below the physical net? (In other words, for badminton ruling purposes is it imagined that the net is a flat vertical plane that extends infinitely past the sides of the court?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22099" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T21:18:40.363" Title="Is it legal to hit a shuttlecock around the net posts in badminton?" Tags="|rules|badminton|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26485" CreationDate="2021-11-03T03:34:19.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per the BWF &lt;a href=&quot;https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20Section%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20June%202016%20Revised%202.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Badminton&lt;/a&gt;, it is not legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It shall be a ‘fault’:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3 if in play, the shuttle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.3.2 fails to pass over the net;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-11-03T03:34:19.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26490" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26494" CreationDate="2021-11-04T11:57:45.267" Score="4" ViewCount="3189" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2021 Week 8 game between the Steelers and Browns, the Steelers kicker was injured during a fake field goal attempt in the second quarter and couldn't return. The Steelers did not attempt any field goals or extra points later in the game - I guess due to nobody on the roster was able to kick even an XP. Earlier in the season the Colts had similar problem against the Ravens - their kicker got injured during pregame warmups and for an 45+ yard attempt the punter was sent in to kick it (the kick went wide, but due to a defensive offside the ball was moved 5 yards closer and the injured kicker was able to score from there). Later two more FGs and an XP was missed by the injured kicker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though kickers appears only in a handful of plays, they tend to score the most points on a team (as of Week 9 2021, 18 of the top 20 players by scoring are kickers), so they are a pretty important player to a team - which begs the question: why don't have the teams a &amp;quot;good enough&amp;quot; backup kicker on the roster? I understand that the roster size is limited, so teams rather keep a 6th receiver or an 8th defensive lineman than a second kicker, but why don't they keep a punter who can also kick an XP and a 35 yards long FG at least as good as a &amp;quot;full time&amp;quot; kicker? I &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/NFLNoobs/comments/kp72fa/whats_the_difference_between_punter_and_kicker/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;read&lt;/a&gt; that the kicking and punting movement is different, but there are players who do both (for example the above mentioned Colts punter was kicking field goals at collage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T21:21:35.227" Title="Why don't NFL teams keep a punter who can kick field goals?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|field-goal|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25785" CreationDate="2021-11-04T13:00:16.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many people claiming at the time Pelé was playing many of his matches werent recorded so it's impossible to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are also many well known soccer websites claiming assist statistics for particular sections of his career, such as the world cup, which were likely all recorded in tv and can be counted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For all the world cup editions he played in, it's stated that he scored 10 assists&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sportsamaze.com/football/news/top-five-players-with-highest-number-of-assists-in-fifa-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top 5 players with the highest numbers of assists in the FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_goals_scored_by_Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of international goals scored by Pelé (it also mentions World Cup assists)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transferkmarkt which is several times mentioned in sports networks and media mentions 8 assists in Copa Libertadores and international cup &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/pele/leistungsdaten/spieler/17121&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé assists in Copa libertadores and international cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verified Twitter account and other soccer website news claim Pelé had&#xA;47 assists in Brazil national team . They dont clarify however if it includes friendly unofficial matches or not, since this figure conflicts another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/sportbible/status/1407964561165148164&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neymar has now surpassed Pelé in Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This other source claims 18 assists in New York Cosmos in 1976&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=qsc8EAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT44&amp;amp;lpg=PT44&amp;amp;dq=Pel%C3%A9%2027%20assists%20in%20Cosmos&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=kdjuIfGRlo&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U09T8s9YlV2ER1nwRVfV1XJBGk5iw&amp;amp;hl=es-419&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjymM-l3v7zAhUfFLkGHcdhAGMQ6AF6BAgkEAM#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Pel%C3%A9%2027%20assists%20in%20Cosmos&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé assists in 1976 in Cosmos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I dont have the full detail of how all Pelé assists were obtained, but spanish Wikipedia claims 305 (69 in first division, 192 in regional division, 11 for international cup and 33 in national team) . &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Estad%C3%ADsticas_de_Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pelé assists spanish Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;  , and this figure equals the figure given in this english Quora answer which adds up to the same number but with a different breakdown (245 assists in 656 games for Santos; 27 assists in 64 games for New York Cosmos; 33 assists in 92 games for Brazil.) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/How-many-assists-does-Pele-have&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;How many assists did Pelé have&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though this last source isnt considered reliable and it's unsourced, considered both different breakdowns, by different persons, in different languages (one by clubs and the other by tournaments) add up to the same number, and in the first case the figure it's a breakdown reviewed by many, I think it's needed to mention it and the best answer we can have up to today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2022-01-12T17:59:05.273" LastActivityDate="2022-01-12T17:59:05.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26495" CreationDate="2021-11-04T13:29:49.440" Score="1" ViewCount="638" Body="&lt;p&gt;Transfermarkt lists Johan Cruyff's assists when playing in clubs with full detail as being 148. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.com/johan-cruyff/leistungsdaten/spieler/8021&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johan Cruyff career stats&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it doesn't list Johan Cruyff's assists for his national team, something that for other players usually are easier to find (national team assists are easier than club assists). But in this case I couldn't find them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many assists did Johan Cruyff give for his national team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2022-01-12T18:41:07.650" LastActivityDate="2022-01-12T18:41:07.650" Title="How many assists did Johan Cruyff give for his national team?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26490" CreationDate="2021-11-04T16:46:46.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The problem you have is that you're talking about professional teams, the best of the best, where each player is among the 32 or so best at their position (for positions with one player, anyway) &lt;em&gt;in the world&lt;/em&gt;.  The level of ability at their very precise skill is &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; high - and because of the amount of work needed, everything else is, for the most part, left aside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;College is &lt;em&gt;entirely&lt;/em&gt; different - most college teams have a field goal kicker, but most of them are not nearly on the same level as a pro; not only are there only 32 professional kickers (give or take), of which maybe 25 are year-to-year-consistent, but field goal kicker is one of the most long lived players in the NFL - they can kick into their 40s, a career of nearly 20 years, if they're good!  So &lt;em&gt;maybe&lt;/em&gt; two kickers a year, at most, come out of college.  &lt;em&gt;Everyone else&lt;/em&gt; in the college ranks is not good enough - and for most college teams it's a huge difference.  Few have a kicker who is reliable even from 35 yards.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://watchstadium.com/collegekickers-when-they-make-miss-field-goals-by-distance-situation-and-more-06-11-2019/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; which shows &amp;quot;power 5&amp;quot; (the very top schools) kickers are only 71% from 35-39 yards, for example, and would make only 83% of extra points (30-34 yards) in the NFL.  Not horrible, but again these are people practicing kicks, and they're the top of that group - and they're only taking kicks their coaches think they can make, so the teams that have worse kickers don't try them from that distance as often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that different from pitchers and batting in the MLB.  Sure, a few pitchers have some skill at hitting - Otani, for example - but, for the most part, pitchers are terrible hitters.  That's because the skill is so different that what makes them, physically, incredible pitchers doesn't really correspond to making them good hitters, &lt;em&gt;even if they practiced a lot&lt;/em&gt; - which they don't, because that would take away time from pitching practice.  It's so incredibly rare to find someone who has both kinds of physical gifts, winning the lottery twice, basically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same goes for punters and kickers - while there are some corresponding elements, kicking field goals is &lt;em&gt;really hard&lt;/em&gt;.  Even the best kickers have bad days!  It takes an incredible amount of practice to be able to hit a 35 yard field goal - it's not just leg, it's having a super consistent action and a huge amount of built-up muscle memory.  Leg helps, of course, but it's not nearly the same as a punter - who needs some accuracy also, of course, but a very different kind of muscle memory goes into punts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why don't they have a punter who can also kick field goals at a professional level?  Because those people don't exist, and it's not worth it to find those people who are slightly worse punters and somewhat capable field goal kickers - as they wouldn't have a job more than once every few seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one other thing to address - &amp;quot;they are 18/20 of the top scoring players&amp;quot; - that's pretty meaningless in the NFL.  No quarterbacks are on that list, but that's because they don't get credit for &amp;quot;scoring&amp;quot; points for their touchdown passes, or their handoffs, or whatnot - only if they actually score.  It's like saying 1B gets the most putouts, &lt;em&gt;by far&lt;/em&gt;, in baseball... it's true, but it's nearly irrelevant; they're doing a small amount of work, while the 2b/ss/3b is doing the majority of the (difficult) work.  I'd still rather have a good fielding 1b for sure, but it's not really accurate to describe them as the most important fielder!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kickers score the most &lt;em&gt;because there is only one of them&lt;/em&gt;, while there are multiple of every other position that actually scores.  Many of those points are extra points, which can be totally disregarded - the average team would, actually, be better off going for two anyway!  So you do miss some field goals, but even then many of those aren't really adding much in the way of marginal points; some in fact are kicked when the expected points from that down and distance are &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; than three!  Teams can, and do, win without a kicker that can kick at all, and while it's better to have a good kicker of course, it's by no means the end of the world if your kicker gets hurt in-game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-11-04T16:57:17.793" LastActivityDate="2021-11-04T16:57:17.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26492" CreationDate="2021-11-04T16:52:27.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Twenty two&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In actual fact, transfermarkt does highlight his assists for country.&#xA;According to transfermarkt he made &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/johan-cruyff/nationalmannschaft/spieler/8021/verein_id/3379/nurEinsatz/2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;22 assists&lt;/a&gt; in 48 appearances for Holland, and scored 33 goals, whilst accumulating 6 yellow cards and 1 red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastEditorUserId="20942" LastEditDate="2021-11-04T16:59:17.367" LastActivityDate="2021-11-04T16:59:17.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26490" CreationDate="2021-11-05T12:41:06.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally punters can kick field goals in a pinch. Since Kickers and Punters are specialists, they don't generally practice the &amp;quot;other&amp;quot; kicking discipline; however, many kickers and punters pulled double duty in high school, so they have done it before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The challenge in the Steelers situation specifically, is that the Punter is also generally the holder on field goals, so they need someone else who is knows how to position the ball correctly and on-time for the kick to be successful.  In the Steelers case for some reason, their back-up holder was their starting QB (Ben Roethlisberger).  The team did not want to risk the starting QB getting kicked in his throwing hand by an inexperienced place kicker due to a mistake from the punter who was kicking field goals or from Roethlisberger (who is not used to regularly holding kicks). See &lt;a href=&quot;https://steelersnow.com/steelers-decided-not-to-try-pressley-harvin-as-kicker-under-any-circumstances/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Steelers would have had a backup QB or other position player be the backup holder, the punter would have most likely attempted a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9275" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-11-05T15:25:22.927" LastActivityDate="2021-11-05T15:25:22.927" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25530" CreationDate="2021-11-06T05:03:01.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is easier to see the opposing players staying away from players on your side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get too close to the line, you might step on it. The advantage of being closer to the line is it's easier to aim at the players on the forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22125" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-11-07T05:48:59.373" LastActivityDate="2021-11-07T05:48:59.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15610" CreationDate="2021-11-07T04:59:49.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started watching Hockey around 1960.  At that time the home team wore a colored jersey and the visiting team wore white.  It was done for televised games.  In those days tv was black and white.  If both teams wore their colored jerseys it would've been much harder to distinguish which team had the puck at any time; especially since at that time there wasn't replays.&#xA;At some point, prior to 2003, It was thought to have the away team wear their colors to have a variety of colors at all games, Rather than have the same color, of the Home team, at all home games.&#xA;Then in 2003 they went back to the home team wearing their colors at home games.  But In Toronto tonight, Boston wore their alternate jersey and Toronto wore their away jersey.  Why, was and still is, a mystery to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22127" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-11-07T05:45:26.183" LastActivityDate="2021-11-07T05:45:26.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26500" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-09T13:42:02.410" Score="0" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are some good drills that I can do in basketball to strengthen my ball handling skills with my non dominant hand? Can someone help me please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22136" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-11-09T14:19:50.533" LastActivityDate="2021-12-22T16:07:15.750" Title="Good drills to strengthen my non dominant hand in basketball" Tags="|basketball|training|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26502" CreationDate="2021-11-09T22:03:54.380" Score="0" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm 15 years old and just beginning to play cricket. While I was researching bats I decided to get a light weight bat (around 2.6 lb) - but how do I find out what size I need or what company bat I need?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22139" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-12-11T16:08:08.130" LastActivityDate="2021-12-11T16:08:08.130" Title="How can I decide which cricket bat to purchase?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26501" CreationDate="2021-11-11T15:46:38.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have a sports shop near you that stocks cricket kit, go there and examine all the bats. Lift them, handle them, see how they feel in your grip. Find one or more than feels right, picks up well, has your preferred weight etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you find one or more that you like, examine the prices. See if you can afford your favourite, or see if you can get the same bat type online within your budget.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would encourage you to buy from the local shop though, if you can. That keeps them in business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6039" LastActivityDate="2021-11-11T15:46:38.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26505" CreationDate="2021-11-12T11:10:39.850" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2021 F1 season introduced &amp;quot;Sprint Qualifying&amp;quot; (hereby abbreviated as &amp;quot;SQ&amp;quot;) in some races as an experimental event during the race weekends (i.e. Monza and Brazil GP). SQ is held on Saturday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In SQ, drivers race in the same format as the main race on Sunday, but with the total distance shortened to about a third (100km). The starting grid of SQ is determined by the Qualifying event, which happens earlier than ordinary, on Friday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-f1-sprint-format-as-it-returns-this.6UbqdBk5NcJ2maGFiTSQv8.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; on F1.com had pretty much explained the new format. I read it and understood that, the SQ adds points to the championship points of the top 3 finishers. However the article doesn't say exactly how the result of SQ would affect the &lt;strong&gt;starting grid&lt;/strong&gt; on Sunday race:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The finishing order of the race will define the grid for Sunday’s showpiece event&lt;/strong&gt; – the Grand Prix, where the traditional format remains unchanged. [Emphasis mine]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how would SQ affect the starting grid of the Sunday's main event? For example, if a driver qualified P8 after the Friday's Qualifying event and finished P1 after the SQ, what would be his starting position on the Sunday race? (Provide he doesn't have any grid penalties and neither do the driver in front of him, from P1 to P7.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15653" LastActivityDate="2021-11-12T11:37:10.477" Title="Formula 1: How does Sprint Qualifying affect the starting grid on race day?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|auto-racing|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26504" CreationDate="2021-11-12T11:37:10.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Got myself the answer. Turns out, the starting grid of Sunday is completely defined by the result of Sprint Qualifying, and the result of the usual Qualifying is completely ignored, regarding to the main race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15653" LastActivityDate="2021-11-12T11:37:10.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-12T18:14:04.640" Score="1" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;For context, me and my colleagues want to set up a point system for a 1v1 table tennis league table in our office which would get updated every time people play each other. We want to award points for winning matches and subtracting points for losing matches, and the amount of points added or taken away should reflect the opposing player's relative rankings. For example the leader of the league table should lose more points if they lose against the person ranked 20th than points they win if they were to win the match against this weaker opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would want a ranking system that would not allow for someone to just quickly &amp;quot;grind the ranking&amp;quot; meaning that someone should not be able to rank up quickly by just playing a lot, but at the same time if someone does not play for a long time, it should be reflected in the rankings. I know these are contradictory but a good balance would be appreciated. Point system should also consider starting points for players who just started out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the best way to implement this for a group of approximately 20? I was thinking of a similar system to chess rankings but any other ideas are appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22151" LastEditorUserId="22056" LastEditDate="2021-11-12T21:13:09.617" LastActivityDate="2021-11-12T21:13:09.617" Title="What is the fairest point system for league table for a group friends playing a 1v1 game amongst each other every once in a while?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4958" CreationDate="2021-11-13T15:30:21.410" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball ends up in the stands as a part of a play it must be returned. If a player scores and gives the ball to a fan it is theirs to keep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22156" LastActivityDate="2021-11-13T15:30:21.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12998" CreationDate="2021-11-14T07:46:44.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given below is the rolling ankle injury I want to talk about. The simplest solution  would be to warm up rolling your ankle before play in a similar motion as given below. You are also advised &lt;strong&gt;to record on video&lt;/strong&gt; your plays so as to catch the moment on tape for further analysis. It is indeed too much of asking but with a bit of planning it is possible and the benefits are immense to cure the problem specific to an individual and sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VgqPI.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VgqPI.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The injury can be seen happening in &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/frmP2PPVI5U?t=269&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xa5mg.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Xa5mg.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vvUiF.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vvUiF.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mOHOA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mOHOA.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FJPvE.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FJPvE.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From just the video alone what is clear is either we do not extend our legs enough on landing(and body moves forward bending ankle). Or we land with too much extension and body comes backward and bends knee(ACL).And this answer is just about ankle. This &lt;a href=&quot;https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/1020/933&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;research&lt;/a&gt; says there has not been enough studies of this phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between a tennis shoe and badminton shoe is that badminton need to have low heel (so it prevents rolling). Another tip is to have wider tread (the part below your foot in the shoes). This wider lower section of the heel will prevent rolling. Another option is to cover the heel or ankle area with a stronger structure or a shark-fin like structure(explained later). The pic below is taken from &lt;a href=&quot;https://racketrenegade.com/are-badminton-and-tennis-shoes-the-same/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GNGjP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GNGjP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Wrestling shoes tries to emulate barefoot have lowest heel and good grip. But not high ankle. Boxing shoes has high ankle to prevent rolling and low heel as well but less traction preventing. In my opinion, for those  suffering from rolling ankle, boxing shoes are the best available shoes unless they make a cross of wrestler+Boxing + a more padding below foot. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/badminton/comments/3xe8z5/boxing_shoes_with_high_top_for_badminton/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; one person is asking for advice on using boxing shoes for badminton but everyone was against it and the OP ended up buying badminton shoes. One the counter argument given there is &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;they have terrible traction and stability on the court and they could bring you more injuries.&amp;quot; So I might be wrong&lt;/strong&gt; when I support boxing shoes. But at least I was not alone with such thinking. Moreover I believe our body and ankle is already stable only when we introduce a foreign object(shoes) that it becomes unstable. By going for a minimalist shoe we regain the stability. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fruugo.de/wrestling-schuhe/p-62336550-125601168&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; wrestling shoe given below though had high heel support too. I would say this is better than having a normal shoes and adding an external ankle support as shown below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D00dh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D00dh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rnQ1N.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rnQ1N.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NGxuh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NGxuh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which exact movement gives you rolling is another question to consider. If it is lunges then like James said above &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintonbible.com/footwork/lunges&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; might help. But if it is, like me, that you get injured while landing back after a jumping smash. Then I assume(not sure, I am not a physician) a lower heel(super thin) will prevent that rolling. I think the issue is your toes touch the ground first and then immediately your heel touches because of the high heel. And you are not stable at this point to land. But if you can reduce the time(of heel touching the ground after toes) a bit more by having a lower heel then your ankle is less likely to roll(right leg rolls to right). Given below is boxing shoes.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wZvi5.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wZvi5.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another protection I have seen is on the bottom sole as shown below explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ZtlQr76fi-U?t=220&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HRdXt.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HRdXt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And last but not least, we have Nike Lebron Witness 6 with “shark fin” plates  which will keep you locked into the heel of the shoe and help &lt;strong&gt;prevent ankle rolls&lt;/strong&gt;, better than 99.9% of the other shoes on the market(is the claim). Wish it had a wider base though to complement the shark-fin but it doesn't. Read the review &lt;a href=&quot;https://weartesters.com/nike-lebron-witness-6-review/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; @3:16&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fqv7n.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fqv7n.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kbc1o.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kbc1o.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would high ankle shoes prevent rolling? I have my winter hiking shoes with high ankle support and it prevents me from rolling even if I want to because the ankle support is very strong to prevent rolling(it locks on the left side when your right leg falls to right). For a sport shoes like boxing or wrestling it won't prevent entirely as the ankle support is not rigid. But it does add an external support for the ligament and this would be enough for you to snap out of the ligament tear and gain stability with in a fraction of a second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22158" LastEditorUserId="22158" LastEditDate="2021-11-19T09:25:12.053" LastActivityDate="2021-11-19T09:25:12.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13481" CreationDate="2021-11-14T18:44:50.853" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am adding the &amp;quot;answer&amp;quot; to help myself track the situations where the commentators &amp;quot;cheated&amp;quot; and tricked the audience to think that the commentary is from the stadium, where-as those commentators were actually miles away. [[ I posted this Question in 2016, hence it was in terms of IPL 2016, but the issue is larger and not restricted to 2016 or to the IPL ]]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;14/NOV/2021 : World Cup T20 final between Australia and New Zealand.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I was watching this on &amp;quot;DD SPORTS&amp;quot; Channel in Hindi, which takes the Raw Broadcast Signal from the Original Broadcaster (in Dubai Stadium) and adds the Hindi commentary and other edits and advertisements. So far so good. I noticed several times where the commentators (CM) fumbled, which is somewhat ok, because they are not in the stadium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg 1: In the middle overs, a batsman missed hitting the ball; the next ball, he hit it high and CM said &amp;quot;great shot, super&amp;quot;, thinking it was going to be a 6, but the ball came down half-way to the boundary and it was caught &amp;quot;OUT&amp;quot;; Red-faced CM said &amp;quot;Still, better shot compared to previous!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I am somewhat ok with this because the CM is watching the TV and the commentary is limited to what is shown on the TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg 2: CM was not able to tell whether the batsmen took 2 runs or just 1, until the Screen Display showed the number. If CM had been in the Commentary Box, in the Stadium, CM would have seen the running.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This is tolerable, but CM is redundant and we might just read out the screen ourselves !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg 3: When a batsman missed a ball, CM was saying &amp;quot;good ball, good bowling&amp;quot;, because umpire was not shown, but the umpire had signaled a wide !&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This is crossing the tolerable limit, because, before the umpire signaled, I too could see that it was a wide, but the expert CM could not. If CM had been in the Commentary Box, in the Stadium, CM would have seen the umpire signalling the wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg 4: At one Point, CM said the next ball will be exciting and probably a 6. When that did not happen, CM said &amp;quot;If that had been a 6, I would have &lt;strong&gt;gone out of the COMMENTARY BOX and hugged&lt;/strong&gt; the batsman&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;This is a blatant lie !!!! CM is neither in the Commentary Box, not in the Stadium, nor in Dubai.&lt;/strong&gt; This is where the &amp;quot;fraud&amp;quot; is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even when the commentators are not in the stadium, they pretend to be there and cheat the audience, implicitly or explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2021-11-14T19:35:22.897" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T19:35:22.897" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26512" CreationDate="2021-11-14T20:31:24.687" Score="1" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching the World T20 Final on Sky Sports in England, now I believe that they are just using a feed from the tournament broadcaster so the presentation is not typical for Sky. I dont understand why a wide is given as '0 WD' but a leg bye is given as '1 LB' even though both counted as one run towards the batting team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XZ7uc.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XZ7uc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;This isnt the only example of '0 WD' from this match but the only one I got a good pic of. Below is from the FlashScore.com feed for the match which shows it as '1 WD'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vka1h.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vka1h.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kwu1yIC-ssg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Then below from the highlights of the ODI final in 2019 (YouTube)&lt;/a&gt;. This is a good example as you can see the scoreboard has shown that Woakes has conceded 1 run and it can only be from that wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WtW3j.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WtW3j.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have they just got it wrong? Or is there a technical reason why its a '0' is written instead of a '1'? If it is the latter then it seems quite confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T21:10:50.040" Title="Confusing presentation of cricket score" Tags="|cricket|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26511" CreationDate="2021-11-14T21:10:50.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect this is mostly a carry-over from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoring_(cricket)#Scoring_notation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;traditional scoring notation&lt;/a&gt;: the one &amp;quot;guaranteed&amp;quot; run for a wide is not explicitly indicated, while the number of leg byes needs to be indicated as it can be any number (greater than zero, obviously).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree it's not entirely obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-14T21:10:50.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26484" CreationDate="2021-11-15T14:21:34.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been practicing artistic gymnastics for many years and all male athletes wear brief panties. they must fit and hold up well! Any comfortable shorts on top are fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22163" LastActivityDate="2021-11-15T14:21:34.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-16T12:00:16.917" Score="2" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's fairly common that the defense is called for an:&#xA;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Illegal use of hands - Hands to the face&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, I've seen it a couple of time now, when the ball carrier (offence) does the same thing without a flag being thrown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZeBMi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZeBMi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hands to the face&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ws6B1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ws6B1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hands to the face&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are the ball carrier (offence) allowed to push the defending player off with e.g. a &amp;quot;stiff arm&amp;quot; to the facemask, but the defense is not allowed when for instance trying to get to the QB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2024-02-05T10:23:21.660" LastActivityDate="2024-02-05T10:23:21.660" Title="In American football can it not be &quot;Illegal use of hands&quot; on the ball carrier?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26515" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-16T12:33:46.650" Score="0" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player is onto goal, he dribbles pass a defender and shoots but the defender slides him and he misses the goal. What should the referee do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it was in the penalty area?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it was outside?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22170" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-11-16T12:49:08.193" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T12:53:51.620" Title="Soccer slide tackle" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26515" CreationDate="2021-11-16T12:53:51.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This doesn't seem particularly complicated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee determines if the contact was a foul or not. Obviously if it was a legal challenge, play continues or is restarted based on where the ball left the playing area and who contacted it last.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Assuming it was a foul, the referee awards a direct free kick (if the offence occurred outside the penalty area) or a penalty (if inside).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The referee determines if the offending player should be cautioned or sent off (or neither), based on the characteristics of the offence, including whether it was a denial of an obvious goalscoring opportunity or not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing your question is about whether the process should somehow be different based on where the challenge occurs, to which the answer is always &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T12:53:51.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26517" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-16T15:14:01.610" Score="0" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last week, when I switched on a Sports TV Channel, there was a re-telecast of one old NBA Match, probably from 2019. It was at the Ending Stage and I could not make sense of what was going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teams were named &amp;quot;USA Something&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;World Something&amp;quot; ( having a &amp;quot;charity&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;friendly&amp;quot; match ? ) and all were Professional Players. The Scores were around 114 vs 124, with one team easily leading by 10 Points. There was about 5 minutes left in the match, but neither team was able to Score more Points.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When one Player got Possession of the Ball, he would go towards the Basket in a round-about way, with twists and turns, even though the opposite team did not block or oppose and prevent him.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;When he tried to put the Ball in the Basket, he would ( Deliberately ? ) miss, even though he was close enough to easily Score Points.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;At this moment, the other team would take the Possession of the Ball and repeat this.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Eventually, the match time ran out and the re-telecast ended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Strange Ending to a BasketBall Match !!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was going on here ? NBA fans may throw more light on the Event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T15:14:01.610" Title="A Strange Ending to a BasketBall Match" Tags="|trivia|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26523" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:13:20.667" Score="6" ViewCount="4783" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any NHL team ever won a game after being down 0-5? It would clearly be quite difficult and arguably miraculous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22173" LastEditorUserId="21808" LastEditDate="2021-11-18T18:50:56.397" LastActivityDate="2021-11-18T18:50:56.397" Title="Has any NHL team ever won a game after being down 0-5?" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17229" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:17:56.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In and of itself, it's probably not detrimental, but it also probably isn't helping you very much beyond maybe half an hour a day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Practice like you play. That means, practice by recreating the same conditions you will play in, to the greatest extent possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22173" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:17:56.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="521" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:21:09.087" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hit with only slice. The balls won't run away as much. :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22173" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:21:09.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26514" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:37:49.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few rules that matter here, but the TL;DR is that it's &lt;em&gt;legal&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;touch&lt;/em&gt; the facemark of the opponent, so long as it's not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strike, Club, Swing, Thrust (a &amp;quot;forceful hit&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grasp, twist, pull&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first picture, I suspect that he probably is committing a foul, but it's probably hard to see and be confident he's actually grabbing (and we'd need the video to know).  Referees are a dozen yards away probably at this point, so they have a very limited ability to police things on the edge here; sometimes they see it, sometimes they don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second picture, that's probably legal contact, if he extended his arm prior to the contact.  It wouldn't be legal if he started the contact with a very bent arm and then thrust away the player by the helmet (that would qualify as a &amp;quot;thrust&amp;quot;, or a &amp;quot;forceful hit&amp;quot;).  But this kind of contact happens all the time; stiffarm to the facemark is okay if it's just a &amp;quot;keep your distance&amp;quot; stiffarm and not something more forceful, and as long as there is no closing of the fingers (grasping/pulling/twisting).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The various fouls that can be called in this area are all over the rulebook, but a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-illegal-block-by-offensive-player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 12.1.3, related to blocking&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a foul if an offensive blocker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thrusts his hands forward above the frame of an opponent to forcibly contact him on the head, neck, or face;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Contact in close-line play is not a foul, unless it is direct and forcible, or prolonged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#article-7.-illegal-use-of-hands-by-defense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 12.1.7, related to defensive use of the hands&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a foul if a defensive player thrusts his hands or arms forward above the frame of an opponent to forcibly contact him on the neck, face, or head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: Contact in close-line play is not a foul, unless it is direct and forcible, or prolonged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus 12.2.15 on facemasking (the personal foul variety), and various other smaller points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:37:49.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26514" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:42:34.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The act of touching the facemask isn't illegal.  The NFL rule for an illegal block by an offensive player includes (12/3/a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thrusts his hands forward above the frame of an opponent to forcibly&#xA;contact him on the head, neck, or face&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have two players pushing hard, you don't want one of them to push the player down by pushing the head back.  The forceable contact is prohibited.&#xA;This is not as much of a concern for the ball carrier, especially since they are trying to move away from the contact, not toward it.  They can still be called for striking or grabbing the facemask.  But pushing on it is allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(12/2) gives rules for a legal block from the offense.  This includes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An offensive player is permitted to use his hands or arms to restrict&#xA;an opponent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) If he is a runner. A runner may ward off opponents&#xA;with his hands and arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:42:34.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26518" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:47:24.863" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened six times in NHL history so is not as uncommon as you suspect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/198204100LAK.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982-04-10, Edmonton vs Los Angeles&lt;/a&gt; (playoffs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/198701260TOR.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987-01-26, Calgary vs Toronto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/199903030FLA.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999-03-03, Colorado vs Florida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/200011290TOR.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2000-11-29, St. Louis vs Toronto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/200802190MTL.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008-02-19, New York Rangers vs Montreal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/200910120CHI.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2009-10-12, Calgary vs Chicago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:47:24.863" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26518" CreationDate="2021-11-16T21:50:39.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wayne Gretzky probably doesn't want to remember this one, but the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/boxscores/198204100LAK.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oilers lost to the Kings 6-5 in 1982&lt;/a&gt; in the playoffs (Game 3 of the Smythe division semi-finals that year) after leading 5-0 after 2 periods. Not only did the Kings come back from down 5-0, but they came back &lt;em&gt;entirely in the 3rd period and OT&lt;/em&gt;, scoring their last 3 goals of regulation in less than six minutes, and the tying goal on the power play with only 5 seconds remaining in regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contributing to the demise were a &lt;em&gt;ton&lt;/em&gt; of penalties in the second half of the third period - this was not super uncommon back then, but there was a ton of offsetting penalties leading to quite a long time of 4-on-4 play, which undoubtedly simplified things, plus the high-stick major by Gary Unger at exactly 15:00 that meant that the Kings were able to play two men up after pulling their goalie for the last three minutes.  That plus some shenanigans with goaltenders that gave the Kings a breather allowed them to finally score at nearly the last second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-11-16T21:50:39.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16837" CreationDate="2021-11-17T15:44:41.877" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you call it off another ball and it goes in that pocket it's a win. All these league rules are only made up to speed up the game. Remember bars close at 1 or 2 in the morning they got to have the games finished by then. I'd stay there till 1:45 playing APA. If you didn't play ball in hand or other rules such as 8 ball going clean you could be there all night&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22176" LastActivityDate="2021-11-17T15:44:41.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26482" CreationDate="2021-11-17T16:35:53.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Racing isn’t cheap. To go racing you need money. As a result, making it to F1 and many other motorsport categories isn’t exclusively decided on success and talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Financial backing is also a major contributor in landing a seat in F1 by bringing personal sponsorship or money to a team with you, meaning we get drivers who are perceived to be so-called &lt;em&gt;“pay drivers”&lt;/em&gt;.  (And not all pay drivers are bad.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This issue starts long before F1. Getting through the junior categories takes millions of pounds from karting to F1. The estimated costs for F1’s main feeder series, which has been F2/GP2/F3000 for several years now, is estimated in the millions per season. Formula Renault 3.5, which Vettel came through and the old F3, which Verstappen came through are not far behind in terms of cost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mentioned Hamilton. He is from relatively humble beginnings, the stories of his father Anthony Hamilton working 3 or 4 jobs to support his karting are the stuff of legend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Hamilton's case, his talent was spotted and as a result, he was signed up to the McLaren Junior program, which supported him on and off during in various junior single-seaters, including GP2, before they promoted him to the F1 team, where he would go on to become the single most successful driver of all time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without the financial support from McLaren and the luck to be signed up by them, Hamilton likely would never have graduated from karts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vettel was also from a relatively humble background. In Vettel’s case, he was part of the BMW and RedBull junior programs before being promoted to F1 and enjoying great success in F1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Success in F1 requires a lot of things. The main 3 are money, luck and talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need all 3 to succeed, but you don’t need all 3 to land a F1 seat.&#xA;There have been many drivers over the years who either never made it to F1 or didn’t succeed in F1 because they only possessed 2 of these attributes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one thing that all successful F1 drivers have had, including those who graduated from F2/GP2/F3000 is that they poses all 3 attributes: Money, luck and a massive amount of &lt;strong&gt;talent&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22177" LastEditorUserId="22177" LastEditDate="2021-11-19T19:05:11.810" LastActivityDate="2021-11-19T19:05:11.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26529" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-20T12:19:00.907" Score="5" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;There’s a lot of talk about how badminton umpires must make sure there is no undue delay in play, in order to make the sport more audience-friendly. Umpires are expected to keep players on a fairly tight leash and dish out warnings when they take too long to get ready to play the next point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When players are in trouble or tired and their game is not working for them, we frequently see them doing their best to try to circumvent this by going for long walks around the court and trying to find ways to take little breaks to cut off bad rhythms/streaks. Most of these are things the umpire can approve or deny at their discretion, and we often see the umpire telling the player they can’t take a break, hurrying them to get ready.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the umpire is already on a player for being too slow and delaying play, we sometimes see them instead take a challenge just get a break, even if the shuttle was not just out, but very obviously out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Challenges, however, are not generally at the umpire’s discretion in the same way that towelling off, changing the shuttle or wiping the court is. Looking through the &lt;a href=&quot;https://corporate.bwfbadminton.com/technical-officials/umpires/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF Umpire &amp;amp; Service Judge Instructions&lt;/a&gt;, there doesn’t seem to be a lot of specific rules about handling challenges, except that players must challenge immediately. If they’re too slow in calling the challenge, the umpire can refuse the call – and what constitutes ‘too slow’ is entirely the umpire’s call. But there’s nothing in there, as far as I can tell, about other venues for the umpire to refuse a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Famously, in a round-of-16 game at the 2016 China Open, umpire Cai Fengjie &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.badmintoncentral.com/forums/index.php?threads/ignoring-players-line-call-challenge-on-tv-court.168039/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;incorrectly denied a Japanese set-point challenge&lt;/a&gt;. To all appearances, he gave no reason at all for doing so, but his refusal stood, and the Japanese duo lost the set. So at least in that situation, the umpire did seem to have pretty much full autonomy over allowing or disallowing a challenge (although this was a Chinese umpire, presiding over a game with a Chinese pair playing, in a Chinese tournament… so perhaps not quite the norm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is essentially two-fold:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In general: does the umpire have the right to allow or deny a challenge call for any reason they see fit (not just the call being too slow)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More specifically: can the umpire decide that a challenge call is just a ploy to get a break and not made in good faith (i.e., there’s no way the player actually thinks the shuttle was in), and refuse to allow the challenge on this basis?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastEditorUserId="15379" LastEditDate="2021-11-20T20:10:28.220" LastActivityDate="2021-11-20T22:10:54.013" Title="Can an umpire refuse a challenge as being in bad faith?" Tags="|officiating|badminton|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26534" CreationDate="2021-11-20T18:40:28.823" Score="2" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;During Q3, if the driver loses a tyre due to a puncture, which tyre would he start with in the race the next day?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, if the pole sitter tries to improve his lap time in Q3 and while doing so loses the tyre due to a puncture in the final sector, which tyre would the driver start with in the main race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if P10 (former case) and P1 (latter case) drivers would be governed by the same rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-11-27T20:53:08.897" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T20:53:08.897" Title="In F1, which tyre to start on if the &quot;fastest time&quot;-tyre is damaged?" Tags="|rules|equipment|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26532" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-20T18:51:23.650" Score="4" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching this first half shut-out between Michigan and Ohio and on the field there is B I G painted on the field. The paint is white, the B is just outlined while the I G is solid white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is this meant to represent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MccB4.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MccB4.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;From https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ohio_State_vs.Michigan_football_2013_04(Ohio_State_on_offense).jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Michael Barera photo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22191" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-11-21T08:48:43.073" LastActivityDate="2021-11-21T08:48:43.073" Title="What does the B I G mean on a college American football field?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26532" CreationDate="2021-11-20T19:34:06.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the logo of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Big Ten Conference&lt;/a&gt; of which both Michigan State and Ohio are members; the branding has the &amp;quot;B&amp;quot; in a different style from the &amp;quot;I&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;G&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-20T19:34:06.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26531" CreationDate="2021-11-20T21:05:24.883" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Drivers who make it through to Q3 start the race on the set of tyres that they used to set their fastest time in Q2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other divers have free choice of tyre compound to start the race on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_2_-_2020-05-27_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Formula 1 - Sporting Regulations - 2021&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;24.4 m) At each Event where a sprint qualifying session is not scheduled, with the exception of any cars that are required to start the race from the pitlane, at the start of the race each car which qualified for Q3 must be fitted with the tyres with which the driver set his fastest time during Q2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will only be necessary for these cars if dry-weather tyres were used&#xA;to set the fastest time in Q2 and if dry-weather tyres are used at the start of the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any such tyres damaged during Q2 will be inspected by the Technical Delegate who will decide, at his absolute discretion, whether any may be replaced and, if so, which tyres they should be replaced with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A penalty under Article 47.3d) will be imposed on any driver whose car is not fitted with the tyres with which he set his fastest time in Q2 (except if damaged tyres have been replaced with the approval of the Technical Delegate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22177" LastEditorUserId="22177" LastEditDate="2021-11-24T14:51:53.540" LastActivityDate="2021-11-24T14:51:53.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26529" CreationDate="2021-11-20T22:10:54.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to prove a negative, but neither &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20Version%201.0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Laws&lt;/a&gt;, nor &lt;a href=&quot;https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/1466/1470/Section%204.1.1%20-%20Instructions%20to%20Technical%20Officials%20%20(ITTO)%20-%2019%20October%202021%20Version%201.1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Instructions to Technical Officials&lt;/a&gt;, nor the &lt;a href=&quot;https://development.bwfbadminton.com/technical-officials&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BWF umpire manuals&lt;/a&gt; mention any right of the umpire to refuse a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only limitation on challenges follows from §5.8.5 ITTO:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(...) The player must clearly say ‘Challenge’ to the Umpire and/or&#xA;make a clear signal by raising the hand. Any such challenge must be made&#xA;by the player immediately after the player has observed the call made by&#xA;the Umpire or Line Judge. (...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a player cannot wait, and &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt; challenge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the player challenges timely and clearly, and has at least one challenge left, then the umpire must allow it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since challenges are limited to two incorrect challenges per game and players probably want to keep at least one option, delaying with challenges is rather limited in the first place. Also, unlike other ways of delay, it is upon the BWF and its technical providers to speed up challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2021-11-20T22:10:54.013" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26536" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-20T22:30:51.587" Score="5" ViewCount="6435" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2021-11-20, week 15 of the 2021 NFL schedule has five games with starting times of TBD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does this week have so many games this late in the season without starting times? When are the official starting times of these games likely to be announced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22192" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-11-22T10:42:47.640" LastActivityDate="2021-11-23T21:47:33.557" Title="Why do five Week 15 NFL games have a start time of TBD?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26549" CreationDate="2021-11-20T22:45:56.763" Score="2" ViewCount="1552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm seeing a lot of comments saying Messi gave an assist because an opposing Nantes player changed the direction of a ball kicked by Messi, and this action lead to a goal against Nantes. I've even heard this in the media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I dont know if they are saying this sarcastically or does a situation like this counts as indeed an assist for Messi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does being the player who kicked the ball, when the opponent scores an own goal, count as an assist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-11-20T23:17:03.447" LastActivityDate="2021-11-26T17:27:40.927" Title="Does being the player who kicked the ball, when the opponent scores an own goal, count as an assist?" Tags="|football|statistics|own-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26536" CreationDate="2021-11-21T05:18:33.833" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NFL has used a limited flex schedule for several years, with the ability to change a Sunday day game to Sunday evening.  However those games are usually (always?) announced with the initially scheduled time rather than TBD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Week 15 of 2021 is after the college regular season ends and is the first week when NFL Saturday games are played.  The 5 TBD games can be flexed over to Saturday and I think they didn't want to announce a tentative time and have it change to a different day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The deadline for scheduling is 4 weeks prior to the game (which by my calendar is today), so this should be announced pretty quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just noticed the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/schedules/2021/REG15/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Week 15 Schedule&lt;/a&gt; page has a blurb about this week (and about the similar week 18).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2021 TBD Games&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Week 15, two of five designated matchups will be played on Saturday&#xA;with the remainder to be played on Sunday. Specific dates and start&#xA;times for such designated Week 15 matchups will be determined and&#xA;announced no later than four weeks prior to game day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ETA, seems to be later than the &amp;quot;four weeks prior to game day&amp;quot; deadline, but all games were scheduled and TBDs for Week 15 removed from the NFL schedule page on November 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2021-11-23T21:47:33.557" LastActivityDate="2021-11-23T21:47:33.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26541" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-21T21:57:40.477" Score="2" ViewCount="1741" Body="&lt;p&gt;How presentable is a 6 minute - 6:30 mile for a 12 year old boy? What ranking or percentile does that put him under?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastActivityDate="2021-11-21T22:55:02.593" Title="How good is a 6 minute mile for a 12 year old boy?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26541" CreationDate="2021-11-21T22:55:02.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the table at &lt;a href=&quot;https://runninglevel.com/running-times/1-mile-times&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Running Level.com&lt;/a&gt; which describes mile times for various ages, and male/female categories, a 6:00 to 6:30 mile time run by a boy is &amp;quot;advanced&amp;quot; and is in approximately the top 20% for the age group (approximately the 80th percentile).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the labelling is somewhat arbitrary and the ages are only multiples of five, it is possible that they may be in a higher or slightly lower percentile. It is likely that such a runner can do well at local or regional levels, but may struggle at higher competition (&amp;quot;state&amp;quot; or national level).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Age&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Intermediate&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Advanced&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Elite&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7:59&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6:58&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6:12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6:54&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6:02&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5:22&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-11-21T22:55:02.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26500" CreationDate="2021-11-22T15:36:04.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the best way to train non-dominant hand/foot is with the very basic, beginning drills that are used to teach the skill for one's dominant hand/foot.  Whatever drills you started with, switch hands and be deliberate about it. This is not fun work.  Your brain and body already know what to do, but now your body is not doing what you know it can do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2011" LastActivityDate="2021-11-22T15:36:04.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26544" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-24T02:11:30.583" Score="0" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had these shoes for around 2 years now, and after wearing them frequently they constantly rubs against my pinky toes, making them raw and red. Additionally, they create many water bubbles on my feet, irritating. Without buying another shoe, is there a simple remedy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastActivityDate="2021-11-24T02:11:30.583" Title="What to do if basketball shoes burns toes and creates water bubbles?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26545" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-25T01:55:59.580" Score="0" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;In curling it is advantageous to blank the first end, resulting in a presumable advantage in the remaining odd number of ends.  Do I blank the 2nd end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22203" LastActivityDate="2021-11-25T08:16:13.103" Title="Blanking second end after blanking the first" Tags="|strategy|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26545" CreationDate="2021-11-25T08:16:13.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I assume you mean that you have started with the hammer).  Blanking the first &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; because of the odd number of remaining ends in regulation does not seem a good decision.  You're giving up potential points that you can't get back.  It doesn't take much to have a bad end with your opponents stealing and then you're back with the hammer in an odd end.  I certainly am not starting the first end planning to blank it (which is how your question reads).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, I think of having the hammer as giving an expected score in the end greater than 1.  If all the guards are gone and we think we will not be able to score multiple points, then we'll consider if blanking is possible, &lt;em&gt;because I want to maximize the points scored with the hammer&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Early in the match, I wouldn't care overmuch about which end it is, so blanking 1, 2, or 3 doesn't matter too much.  Later in the match it depends on the score and then keeping the hammer in the even ends is more important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that, nothing ties the first and the second ends together in my mind.  I don't care if the first end was a blank with my hammer or if the opponents scored or what.  With hammer in the second end, I'm looking to score multiple points, and would consider keeping it blank if that becomes unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2021-11-25T08:16:13.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26555" CreationDate="2021-11-25T14:01:12.137" Score="6" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why was it a touchdown in the Falcons vs. Cowboys game when a blocked punt was recovered ball on &amp;quot;½-yard line&amp;quot;, but the momentum carried the player over to the end zone? The player was clearly touched outside of the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it have been Dallas ball on the &amp;quot;½-yard line&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Punt: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ONMDe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Punt&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Punt was blocked: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/czMwT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Punt was blocked&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ball on ½-yard &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5jaLE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ball on ½-yard &amp;quot;line&amp;quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ball recovered and player touched: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wyOyg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ball recovered and player touched&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player's momentum carried the ball in to the end zone: &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MRyLG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Player's momentum carried the ball in to the end zone&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2024-02-05T10:26:44.320" LastActivityDate="2024-02-05T10:26:44.320" Title="Why a TD? When recovered on ½-yard line and &quot;momentumed&quot; into the end zone, in American football" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26537" CreationDate="2021-11-25T16:31:01.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This will likely depend on which statistics organisation you ask - but the current de facto organisation for sporting stats is probably Opta.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Opta, an assist is not awarded when an own goal is scored. This is described in their &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsperform.com/opta-event-definitions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Event Definitions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Goal Assist&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The final touch (pass, pass-cum-shot or any other touch) leading to the recipient of the ball scoring a goal. If the final touch (as defined in bold) is deflected by an opposition player, the initiator is only given a goal assist if the receiving player was likely to receive the ball without the deflection having taken place. &lt;strong&gt;Own goals, directly taken free kicks, direct corner goals and penalties do not get an assist awarded.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, it may be a point of discussion if the conversation is relating to fantasy football leagues. For example, in FPL (Fantasy Premier League) an assist is awarded if the shot (or pass to a would-be goalscorer) is deflected into the goal and an own goal is given. Though this may not be the case in other Fantasy leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a concrete example - during &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/66425&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelsea's 7-0 win over Norwich&lt;/a&gt; in the 2021/22 season, Callum Hudson-Odoi was awarded (in FPL) an assist and the 2 fantasy points for the cross he made into the box, which was ultimately deflected into the goal and given as a Max Aarons own goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2021-11-26T17:27:40.927" LastActivityDate="2021-11-26T17:27:40.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-27T09:01:44.840" Score="2" ViewCount="504" Body="&lt;p&gt;In men's cricket, the term &amp;quot;batsman&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;batsmen&amp;quot; is used to refer to batting players - both by commentators as well as the respective cricket board score cards/commentaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in women's cricket, what's the official/standard way to refer a batting player? &amp;quot;Batswoman&amp;quot;? &amp;quot;Batter&amp;quot;? &amp;quot;Batting player&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same for the fielder at third-man. Is that position called &amp;quot;third-woman&amp;quot;?&#xA;Same for &amp;quot;man-of-the-match&amp;quot;. But I believe it has become &amp;quot;player of the match&amp;quot; in both men and women cricket. (At least since the last ICC Test Cup, or maybe before that.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried getting the answer myself by watching a few matches, but couldn't get any conclusive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22209" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-11-27T20:52:57.083" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T20:52:57.083" Title="What's the official term for the batting player in women's cricket?" Tags="|rules|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26551" CreationDate="2021-11-27T10:39:08.533" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 22nd September 2021, &amp;quot;batter&amp;quot; is the offical term in both men's and women's cricket - see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/batsman-s-innings;-runners&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 25 Batter's innings; Runners&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Third man&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;nightwatchman&amp;quot; and similar are not official terms so any usage here just vary depending on who is reporting on the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. Ignore the URL; that uses the old terminology so as not to break old links.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-27T10:39:08.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26554" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26556" CreationDate="2021-11-28T10:30:24.280" Score="0" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can somebody explain in detail how a player's rank is affected when they lose against lower or upper-rank players in the different ATP tournaments? Is there a set metric for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21589" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-11-29T12:59:43.197" LastActivityDate="2021-11-29T16:23:08.440" Title="How lawn tennis ranking is affected?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26548" CreationDate="2021-11-28T23:52:32.357" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball was still loose as it crossed the goal line. See from a different angle, the ball here is not fully possessed (he was moving it towards his body but not secured) and is over the goal line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dErlG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dErlG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;image from video screenshot showing player not yet in possession as the ball crosses the goal line &quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this picture you can use the shadows to see that the ball is over the line.  The important detail here is not where the ball landed (as you say, on the 0.5 yard line) but where the ball was &lt;em&gt;possessed&lt;/em&gt;.  The touching of the receiving team's player does not matter, until he possesses the ball - if the ball is bouncing around or not fully possessed, it's still a &amp;quot;loose ball&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check out the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#rule9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;,  9.3.2 shows they can advance the kick, and 3.2.7 defines when the possession is secured:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To gain possession of a loose ball that has been caught, intercepted, or recovered, a player (a) must have complete control of the ball with his hands or arms and (b) have both feet or any other part of his body, other than his hands, completely on the ground inbounds, and, after (a) and (b) have been fulfilled, perform any act common to the game (e.g., tuck the ball away, extend it forward, take an additional step, turn upfield, or avoid or ward off an opponent). It is not necessary that he commit such an act, provided that he maintains control of the ball long enough to do so. This rule applies in the field of play, at the sideline, and in the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The recovering player did not have (a) achieved until after the ball was in the endzone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-11-29T00:04:15.767" LastActivityDate="2021-11-29T00:04:15.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26554" CreationDate="2021-11-29T16:23:08.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;ATP Rankings points are awarded based on the prestige of each tournament and which round the player reached in that tournament; the ranking of the opponent the player lost to has no impact (and neither do the rankings of the opponents the player beat). Points normally expire a year after they are gained, but this has been modified due to COVID.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, winning a Grand Slam tournament gains a player 2000 rankings points, while winning a &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Tour_250&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;250 series&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; event gains the player 250 points. You now see where the names of the series comes from! Similarly, reaching the quarter-finals of a Grand Slam gains the player 360 points, while the quarter finals of a 250 series event gains the player 45 points. The full table can be found in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/rankings/rankings-faq.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Rankings FAQ&lt;/a&gt; in the &amp;quot;What is the points breakdown for all tournament categories?&amp;quot; section.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-11-29T16:23:08.440" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-11-29T23:49:52.217" Score="1" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen a few putters being made that are designed to stand up when placed on the green. I'm told this is done so the player can line the putter up and step back and check it out from a different angle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way this works is the putter head is heavy &amp;amp; the shaft is really light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the inflated price, are there any negatives to using a putter like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What affect will the unusually heavy head have on the putting motion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22221" LastEditorUserId="22221" LastEditDate="2021-12-08T06:12:46.473" LastActivityDate="2021-12-08T06:12:46.473" Title="Are there any negatives to a self-standing putter?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-01T14:13:45.530" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose a player has reached a higher stage in a tournament but failed to reach the same stage in the next year.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Can you explain how the ranking will be affected for each stage worse they are placed the next year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21589" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2021-12-17T21:45:35.780" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T21:52:54.690" Title="How will lawn tennis ranking be affected by losing earlier than previous year?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26560" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-03T03:41:43.037" Score="0" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the transfer portal what it is, how many ncaa men teams are playing this season with no transfer players on their roster?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22230" LastActivityDate="2022-01-02T19:01:55.163" Title="2021-22 ncaa mob teams with 0 transfer players on the roster" Tags="|basketball|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26560" CreationDate="2021-12-03T14:31:46.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't have an answer to the exact question, but in 2018, 29 teams hadn't had a transfer since the 2012 transfer portal began operation, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://athleticdirectoru.com/articles/investigating-college-basketballs-transfer-movement/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; which based its data on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.verbalcommits.com/transfers/2022&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VerbalCommits database&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gjcEf.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gjcEf.png&quot; alt=&quot;List of 29 teams that hadn't had a transfer as of 2018&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is heavily populated by Ivy League teams, military academies, and other schools that would have very difficult to meet entrance requirements (like Stanford).  But a few surprises - UCLA and Florida State, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-12-03T18:22:46.037" LastActivityDate="2021-12-03T18:22:46.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5815" CreationDate="2021-12-06T05:44:21.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beg Chs = beginner chase (higher barriers)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sell stks = sell stakes (horses available for purchase)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;INHF  = Intermediate National Hunt Flat&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hunt_flat_race&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hunt_flat_race&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22239" LastActivityDate="2021-12-06T05:44:21.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1545" CreationDate="2021-12-06T16:53:56.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a USA Hockey official. In addition to the rule book the officials also receive a casebook (usually the same physical book) to help clarify the intent behind the rules. Let me quote one of the situations from the casebook on Cross-Checking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two players are physically engaged in front of the goal and  competing for body position. The defensive player uses  the&#xA;stick – with no extension of the arms – to “steer” the  attacking&#xA;player in a desired direction. May this be considered  cross-checking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. Rule Reference 609(Note).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though two hands are on the stick&#xA;and the blade may be  off the ice, the fact that the arms have not&#xA;been extended and  no check is being delivered means that&#xA;cross-checking has not  occurred. Of course, if a competitive&#xA;advantage is gained and  there is no puck in the area, an interference&#xA;penalty may apply. However, if at any time the arms are extended and&#xA;deliberate  contact is made with the opponent by the stick with both&#xA;hands on the stick, a cross-checking infraction has occurred. This&#xA;most often occurs in front of the goal when a player  believes the&#xA;officials are not watching or along the boards  when a player is&#xA;protecting the puck by having their back  CASEBOOK – PLAYING RULES 234&#xA;USA Hockey turned to center ice. In this instance, the opponent will&#xA;extend the arms and make contact to the back of the  opponent with the&#xA;stick, but not use enough force to be  considered a check from behind.&#xA;This action should still be  considered a cross-checking violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the main point of emphasis is the extension of the arms. Even if the stick doesn't contact the opponent if your stick is between hands and you push someone it is still cross-checking. You can use your stick to steer someone from out in front of the net as long as you don't forcefully extend your arms into them. The whole idea here is it is ok to &amp;quot;body up&amp;quot; on them to move them, but you can &amp;quot;hit&amp;quot; them if they don't have the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same idea with interference. You can body up on them to force out from in front of the net, but if you hit them meaning a forceful motion into them and they don't have the puck that is interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also videos on the USA Hockey referee site that show the difference between a body check vs body contact (now called competitive contact starting September 2021). You can find these on USA Hockey's YouTube channel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22243" LastActivityDate="2021-12-06T16:53:56.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26565" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-06T23:15:53.263" Score="1" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantie_Hayward&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nantie Hayward&lt;/a&gt; was a South African fast bowler who started his international career in 1998/99. &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Ob4nAn3Ahow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I watched his bowling&lt;/a&gt;. He was very fast and accurate. At that time, everyone watching him playing thought that SA found a perfect replacement for Alan Donald.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, he only played 37 international matches and retired from all forms of cricket in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why couldn't Nantie Hayward continue his international cricket career for long?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22245" LastActivityDate="2023-05-16T13:17:27.227" Title="Why couldn't Nantie Hayward continue his international cricket career for long?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26566" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-07T21:41:51.500" Score="1" ViewCount="827" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked through the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;indoor volleyball rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, and can't find anything on this in there, through Google, nor in any previously asked questions here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told many times before that you cannot purposely set a ball over the net unless your back or front are parallel to the net, as in you can only set it forward or backwards, not to the side. However, I was watching some indoor volleyball highlights and a girl did a purposeful low side set over the net for a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the official rule? I'm referring to indoor volleyball (recreational/intermediate leagues, not like college or anything) and I would like to know the official ruling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: to be clear, in case it matters, I'm referring specifically to the 2nd hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22248" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-07T23:37:51.467" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T13:54:51.243" Title="Are you allowed to set the ball over the net sideways instead of forwards/backwards in indoor volleyball?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25468" CreationDate="2021-12-08T10:34:29.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was referee for 5 years and I can tell you it is hard. We must separate two situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is on second half of the pitch. It is easier. You watch the ball; for example once every two seconds you will quickly look at the last defender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ball is on your half of the pitch. It is harder, because you have to watch the ball quickly and back to the last defender. I think key for this is peripheral vision. This is ability which you can train. You will find a lot of training instructions on Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22246" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-08T11:19:15.320" LastActivityDate="2021-12-08T11:19:15.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26570" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-09T12:35:22.573" Score="2" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many websites are reporting Messi to surpass Pelé's amount of official goals, 758 to 757.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sportzpoint.com/football/most-career-goals-in-football-history-messi-overtakes-pele/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Most career goals in football history Messi overtakes Pelé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the IFFHS states the amount of Pele's official goals is 765 and not 757.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_footballers_with_500_or_more_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Footballers with 500 or more goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does this 757 figure comes from?&#xA;How many official goals did Pelé score in his career?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2021-12-10T13:38:50.087" LastActivityDate="2023-12-18T06:06:10.783" Title="How many official goals did Pelé score in his career?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26574" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-11T16:42:41.133" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the start of the F1 2021 season, it was said that low rake F1 cars would be at a disadvantage because of new aerodynamic regulations by FIA. Red Bull with a high rake F1 car was slated to win all the races and they did win the first few races, if not comfortably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mercedes with a low rake design subsequently started competing in latter half of the season with a better straight line speed in few tracks. The same did not happen with Aston Martin that is also running on a Mercedes ICE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With both the teams being so similar, what exactly happened to Mercedes that could not happen to Aston Martin. Mercedes does have a stake in Aston Martin but how come the former is so much superior with the same engine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-12T16:38:35.853" LastActivityDate="2021-12-12T16:38:35.853" Title="Difference in Mercedes and Aston Martin teams in F1" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26575" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strongman competitions are competitions where athletes compete in various events that test their strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_athletics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strength athletics&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongman_(strength_athlete)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Strongman (strength athlete)&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Strongest_Man&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World's Strongest Man&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" LastActivityDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26576" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" Score="0" Body="For questions related to strength athletics strongman competitions." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" LastActivityDate="2021-12-12T07:52:18.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26578" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-13T08:25:33.717" Score="4" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;For American football games (college and professional), when did they begin honoring players who passed away by starting ten players on the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't watched football for that long, but my earliest recollection of this was USC running ten men out on an extra point, because their kicker had drowned or something earlier in the summer.  I believe it was around the time Pete Carroll was coach and he let the clock run down to 0 to honor the fallen student-athlete.  The opposing team accepted the penalty but they made the PAT anyway since it was so close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another time was when the Washington Redskins (before they changed their names to Washington Football Team) ran ten men out on defense for the first play of the game because Sean Taylor was sadly shot to death at home.  I think the offense didn't know or didn't care and ran a play that gained many yards because they were short a man on defense, trying to respect and honor their fallen teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure the first or second time this was done, people probably didn't realize what the honoring team was trying to do and/or in the case of the Redskins, took advantage. I'm curious because in December 2021 the Broncos honored Demaryius Thomas in this way. Everyone understood what was going on; no one was trying to gain an advantage by running a play while someone was undermanned or their guard was down or accepted the penalty to punish the team honoring their teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-15T16:24:55.487" LastActivityDate="2021-12-15T16:24:55.487" Title="When did American football teams start honoring players who have passed away by starting 10 men on the field?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-13T10:05:38.213" Score="1" ViewCount="942" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a Head Ti S6 racquet, and I love it.&#xA;I want to up my game by restring it. I am a beginner.&#xA;I am thinking of Solinco Hyper-G.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Racquet says string tension range 57LB to 62lb, while string say don't tension it more than 52LB. I am looking for something soft on my wrist and good control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any advice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22269" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-13T18:06:17.040" LastActivityDate="2022-01-15T16:06:10.667" Title="Head Ti S6 - Restringing options - Beginner - Tension" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26580" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-13T10:30:21.967" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the final 2021 race in Abu Dhabi, post-race protests were thrown out and it is now being reported that Max Verstappen is the drivers' world champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; correct? Or is the champion officially decided at some later date, a bit like how the US has president-elect between the election result and the inauguration?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this formally described anywhere? Of course, results can theoretically be overturned later but that is a different matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2021-12-14T09:14:47.760" Title="When is/was the 2021 Formula 1 champion officially decided?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26580" CreationDate="2021-12-13T12:55:02.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formula 1 &lt;em&gt;officially&lt;/em&gt; crowns the Championship winner and other awards, like the Constructors Championship, at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIA_Prize_Giving_Ceremony&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIA Prize Giving Ceremony&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This event is usually held the Thursday after the last race of the season. For the 2021 season, this is Thursday 16th December, and is set to be held at Le Louvre in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason crowning the Champion it is delayed is because, as we have seen in the 2021 Abu Dhabi race, there may be a number of challenges, stewards decisions, rule infringements etc. that could alter the outcome of the race, and indeed the Championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though as you say, and in particular with this case, there is still potential for the results to change via the Court of Arbitration for Sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2021-12-14T09:14:47.760" LastActivityDate="2021-12-14T09:14:47.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="26586" CreationDate="2021-12-14T10:17:14.233" Score="1" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was casually browsing the NFL, NBA, MLB and NHL websites today, and realized that even though they are separate governing bodies the websites look quite similar, most notably the scores at the top, as well as the structure of the headers and color palettes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One big difference I noticed however, is that the NFL, NBA, MLB and even MLS logos feature red and blue (and white), while the NHL logo prominently does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10241" LastActivityDate="2021-12-14T21:11:18.657" Title="Why does the NHL not feature red and blue in their logo, as opposed to the other three major sports leagues in the US?" Tags="|nfl|mlb|nba|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26585" CreationDate="2021-12-14T10:48:07.030" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because there is no reason for the &lt;em&gt;Canadian&lt;/em&gt; National Hockey League to have a red, white and blue logo; all the founding teams in the NHL were Canadian, not American. (Oddly, the teams known as the &amp;quot;Original Six&amp;quot; - which do include American teams - are not in fact the founding teams of the NHL)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-12-14T21:11:18.657" LastActivityDate="2021-12-14T21:11:18.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="26590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10682" CreationDate="2021-12-16T01:21:39.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To get a valve out of a basketball, I used a long flexible grabber. You can get them at autopart stores. They have a plunger that opens the claw at the other end. Get one with a small enough diameter to fit through the hole in the ball. Then grab the valve and pull it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22282" LastActivityDate="2021-12-16T01:21:39.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26579" CreationDate="2021-12-16T16:02:10.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could definitely use tension higher than 52 lbs with Solinco Hyper-G. Where did you see that it says no more than 52 lbs? While Hyper-G provides good control because of its square shape to the string, it is more of a control string, not so much on the soft and comfortable side. You can see the ratings the string was given by playtesters on the tennis warehouse site, for example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennis-warehouse.com/learning_center/string_reviews/shg16review.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tennis-warehouse.com/learning_center/string_reviews/shg16review.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for both comfort and good control, I would look at a multi-filament string, such as Triax: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennis-warehouse.com/learning_center/reviews/strings/tecnifibre_triax.html?pcode=TSTX28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tennis-warehouse.com/learning_center/reviews/strings/tecnifibre_triax.html?pcode=TSTX28&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also keep in mind that the Head Ti S6 is a very light racquet so it will not dampen vibration that occurs when hitting the ball as much as a heavier racquet would.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="18" LastActivityDate="2021-12-16T16:02:10.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2021-12-16T16:05:59.210" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No it’s a travel at every level. You can’t leave the floor with the ball, so step, and then land that foot first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23283" LastActivityDate="2021-12-16T16:05:59.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27594" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-17T05:25:13.747" Score="1" ViewCount="519" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that at the end of every NFL game the two opposing QBs meet in the field, hug, and chat for a few minutes. My question is, has the league ordered or encouraged them to do this, or is it totally spontaneous each and every time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23285" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2022-01-09T01:22:14.363" LastActivityDate="2022-01-09T01:22:14.363" Title="Quarterback conduct after a game" Tags="|american-football|nfl|quarterback|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27594" CreationDate="2021-12-17T14:00:08.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sports have a tradition of opponents shaking hands or even hugging at the end of a competition, but the meeting between opposing quarterbacks usually seems to get more attention than the other 120+ people meeting on the field at the end of games. The quarterback is usually a captain of the team and the face of the franchise (as well as the highest paid player on the team most often), so we are naturally drawn to their interactions. To directly answer your question, &lt;strong&gt;the National Football League has no mandate for players meeting each other on the field after the game&lt;/strong&gt;. This interaction is simply ingrained in the game and players from a young age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2018/1/31/16903284/super-bowl-new-england-patriots-philadelphia-eagles-handshake&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SB Nation Article&lt;/a&gt; from a few years ago gets into the tradition and how much attention is paid to when this interaction doesn't occur, but confirms it is permissible to skip it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22056" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T14:00:08.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27596" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-17T16:45:17.593" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the most wins an NBA team finishing 2nd in wins/loss in a conference has achieved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This came to mind because the Dodgers recently set a record in the MLB for the most wins without winning a division title. And given that the Warriors and Suns are currently neck-and-neck in the West at 24-5, I was just curious what the record was for 2nd best record in a conference for the NBA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8945" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-01-09T07:06:09.867" LastActivityDate="2022-06-08T08:05:50.423" Title="Most wins by a second place team in NBA history" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27596" CreationDate="2021-12-17T17:29:21.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably the Spurs in 2016, who went &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nba/standings/_/season/2016&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;67-15&lt;/a&gt;... finishing 6 games behind the record setting Warriors (73-9).  That is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_teams_by_single_season_win_percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tied for 7th all-time by winning percentage&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T17:29:21.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26559" CreationDate="2021-12-17T21:52:54.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Points awarded for ATP rankings are dropped after 52 weeks (slightly less than a year). So generally it &lt;em&gt;doesn't matter&lt;/em&gt; what your previous performance in tournament X is; only your 'new' performance matters, and the awarded points are documented in various places, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Rankings#Ranking_method&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, with the pandemic tournaments may be shifted on the calendar and affecting the ranking differently (it's a 24 month ranking right now IIRC), but let's hope that's a temporary situation...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T21:52:54.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27600" CreationDate="2021-12-17T22:04:23.340" Score="2" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_PDC_World_Darts_Championship#Schedule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 PDC World Darts Championship&lt;/a&gt; match between William Borland and Bradley Brooks ended with a rare &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dart_finish&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nine darter&lt;/a&gt;, which is a perfect leg (the fastest possible way to finish a leg). This happened &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dart_finish#List_of_nine-darters_thrown_in_televised_matches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a number of times before&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this the first instance where it happened in the final leg of a game (as claimed by a couple of commentators on Dutch television)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-12-17T23:51:24.540" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T23:51:24.540" Title="Was Borland vs. Brooks the first match to finish with a nine-darter?" Tags="|trivia|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27599" CreationDate="2021-12-17T23:49:57.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;h2&gt;No. There have been others to throw a nine-dart game finish.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailystar.co.uk/sport/darts/breaking-william-borland-pdc-darts-25729926&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Daily Star refers to four others&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Borland becomes just the fifth player in PDC history to hit the perfect leg in a last-leg decider, joining Ian White, Chris Dobey, Mensur Suljovic, Madars Razma and Gabriel Clemens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the article does not elaborate on when exactly they did so. Checking each individual's history of nine-darters is non-trivial in some cases, but can be done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The easiest nine-darter to confirm was by &lt;strong&gt;Chris Dobey&lt;/strong&gt;. He threw the perfect leg against Dave Prins on 10 February, 2019, during the Last 64 round at Players Championship 2019 PC02 Wigan. This is perhaps more notable as it is his only nine-darter so far, and was also the eleventh leg of the eleven possible (therefore was the last possible leg in the match, not just the last leg).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2021-12-17T23:49:57.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-19T18:54:27.410" Score="1" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was doing a little bit of reading about which sports use the same setup for women vs. men. For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_basketball#Rules_and_equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WNBA uses a smaller basketball than the NBA, but the same size court&lt;/a&gt;, but tennis seems to be the same. I'm not interested in field events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is too broad, we can restrict to (1) team sports and/or (2) NCAA sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15926" LastActivityDate="2021-12-19T18:54:27.410" Title="What sports have field/equipment differences for men vs. women?" Tags="|rules|equipment|gender|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2021-12-19T20:33:26.273" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27602" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-19T22:49:24.193" Score="2" ViewCount="760" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that a raised arm wave signals a fair catch.  But I can imagine gunners and such sometimes will be in the midst of fighting through blocks or at least have someone blocking their vision for a couple of seconds.  Or at the least need to be focusing on what's happening around them rather than looking way down the field early in the punt/kickoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do players become aware of the fair catch?  Is there some officiating signal?  Or do teammates yell something out to aid one another?  Or is this just somehow not normally an issue?  It seems players these days rarely hit someone who has called fair catch, or instead hang back too much when it's not... so I have to think there's something.  I know officiating made sure to push a full fair catch signal, giving players a little extra chance, but is there anything more to help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3257" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T04:42:43.390" LastActivityDate="2021-12-27T04:42:43.390" Title="How do NFL players know a fair catch has been called?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-20T01:37:00.210" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Surfing became an Olympic discipline at the 2020 (21) Games, the 11 (eleven!) annual World Championship titles of  Surfing Legend Kelly Slater (92, 94-98, 05, 06, 08, 10, 11) sound like an even more incredible achievement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During broadcasts of those events, commentators often point out, that there is no other athlete with more World titles in a mainstream / Olympic sport than Kelly Slater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that a fact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23296" LastEditorUserId="23296" LastEditDate="2021-12-31T18:41:17.900" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T15:06:32.193" Title="Who holds the most World Championship titles in a mainstream/Olympic sports discipline?" Tags="|trivia|records|surfing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27602" CreationDate="2021-12-20T01:54:51.573" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is normally not the issue. I'd imagine part of gunners' responsibility is to look at the returner and see if they wave their hand above their head to signal a fair catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The returners also don't signal till the ball hits its flight apex, so they can judge where it can land. So the gunners have plenty of time to get close to the returner to see it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#rule-10.-opportunity-to-catch-a-kick,-fair-catch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;'s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 10. Opportunity to Catch a Kick, Fair Catch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 1 - OPPORTUNITY TO CATCH A KICK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. INTERFERENCE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a scrimmage kick that crosses the line of scrimmage, or during a free kick, members of the kicking team are prohibited from interfering with any receiver making an attempt to catch the airborne kick, or from obstructing or hindering his path to the airborne kick, and regardless of whether any signal was given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3: RESTRICTIONS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C) If a receiver has made a fair catch, an opponent is&#xA;prohibited from blocking or tackling him, or causing a passive player&#xA;of either team to contact him. Incidental contact is not a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For illegal contact with a player who has made a fair catch:&#xA;Loss of 15 yards from the dead-ball spot and disqualification if&#xA;flagrant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's the kicking team's players' job - gunners - to avoid contacting the receiver. Regardless of signaling a fair catch, the receiver cannot be hit prior to the arrival of the ball. But If the fair catch is signaled, then the receiver can't be hit once the reception is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-24T02:56:14.790" LastActivityDate="2021-12-24T02:56:14.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27603" CreationDate="2021-12-20T03:01:01.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Not even close - Slater is still short by &lt;em&gt;five&lt;/em&gt; whole titles.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Taylor_(darts_player)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Phil Taylor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a British darts player, retiring from pro competition in 2018 after losing what was his twenty-first singles world championship final, having won sixteen of them already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This alone should suffice to justify Taylor holding a position higher than Slater. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Taylor_career_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Wikipedia list&lt;/a&gt; provides even more achievements, including a visual indicator of Taylor's championship history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-12-20T14:32:23.183" LastActivityDate="2021-12-20T14:32:23.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27608" CreationDate="2021-12-22T13:19:19.497" Score="3" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know which non-judged Olympic event(s) is/are hardest for one country to dominate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which event has had the longest streak of totally different countries winning gold, with the streak including the most recent Olympics? That is, all the countries are different, not two alternating, so the streak doesn't include any country more than once, and includes either the 2018 or 2021 Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could be either the Summer or Winter, not including Paralympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23300" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2021-12-22T20:28:25.703" LastActivityDate="2021-12-22T20:28:25.703" Title="Which non-judged Olympic event has had the longest streak of different countries winning gold, ending in the most recent Olympics?" Tags="|olympics|records|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27606" CreationDate="2021-12-22T17:09:12.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Summer Olympics the event that screams out for variability is a Cycling Road Race, lots of competitors from approx. 60 countries, one round, lots that can go wrong. It was the first event I looked at and having trawled through all sorts of other sports and disciplines, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Summer_Olympics#Men%27s_events_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's individual road race&lt;/a&gt; has the longest streak I can find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2020 Ecuador&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2016 Belgium&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2012 Kazakhstan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 Spain&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004 &lt;em&gt;Italy&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000 Germany&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 Switzerland&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992 &lt;em&gt;Italy&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A slightly pedantic answer is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_boxing#Featherweight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's Featherweight boxing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2020 ROC&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2016 no comp&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2012 no comp&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 Ukraine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2004 Russia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2000 Kazakhstan&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1996 Thailand&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1992 Germany&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1988 Italy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1984 USA&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1980 East Germany&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1976 Cuba&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1972 &lt;em&gt;Soviet Union&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1968 Mexico&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1964 &lt;em&gt;Soviet Union&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2021-12-22T17:09:12.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27606" CreationDate="2021-12-22T17:12:32.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found - so far - a 8 streak for men and a 7 for woman in the Summer games. The Winter games produce way lower streak possibilities, since winter sports are traditionally limited to countries with low temperatures&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;top candidates at the moment (disciplines have referees, but not a judging system) are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;summer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tennis, doubles, &lt;em&gt;men&lt;/em&gt;: 8 (92-21); &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_tennis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sailing, one person dinghy, &lt;em&gt;woman&lt;/em&gt;: 7 (96-21); &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_sailing_by_discipline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;winter&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ski alpine, downhill, &lt;em&gt;women&lt;/em&gt;: 6 (98-18) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_alpine_skiing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;nordic, 10 km individual large hill, &lt;em&gt;men&lt;/em&gt;: 5 (02-18) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_Nordic_combined&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;please feel free to edit-in other disciplines matching at least the current top-streak, including the source&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23296" LastEditorUserId="23296" LastEditDate="2021-12-22T19:30:39.973" LastActivityDate="2021-12-22T19:30:39.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-24T02:34:57.197" Score="0" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm one of those Americans who watched DTS and eventually got into F1. This is the first actual season where I watched all the races and I'm still learning the sport. I am not emotionally attached to any particular driver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an analytical, driving style, perspective why is Max Verstappen considered an equal to Hamilton? From what I can tell these are the facts of this season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hamilton was in an inferior car for the first half of the season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While the FIA seemed to make many dubious calls culminating in this recent re-evaluation of the rules, what I feel is safe to say is that while both drivers pushed the rules to the limit Max definitely drove far more aggressively and had Lewis not backed out in many instances they would have collided. In essence it seems to me that Max capitalized on Lewis' lack of willingness to crash out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In multiple instances Max was only competitive against Lewis because Checo towed him, blocked Hamilton, or in some other way supported him. In multiple instances Max would not have been able to qualify as well as he did if it weren't for tows from Checo whereas Lewis' support from Bottas was infrequent and lackluster.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the final race, Max received massive advantages in the form of multiple yellow flags, Checo blocking Hamilton, and finally the ever so divisive call from Massi that effectively auto-won him the race (I mean, it still requires skill but being on fresh softs vs 40 some odd lap hards is hardly a challenge in the F1 sense of skill).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a total outsider looking on to a lot of people that seem very emotionally invested, I'm curious from a more analytical, racing, sense how the two are equal? I'm obviously inexperienced but unless I have seriously misunderstood the above it seems like Lewis is an objectively superior driver. If any number of things hadn't gone Max's way in the final race (and before in many ways) he wouldn't have even been in the running against Hamilton. Certainly had Hamilton been in a car as fast as the Red Bull was the first half of the season it doesn't even seem like there would have been much comparison at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a more experienced eye see something else? The other side of this argument seems to be that Lewis wouldn't have been in contention had Max not had the blowout and the crash at Silverstone, but as someone not much emotionally invested it seems to me that at least in the case of the latter, sure, I'd buy that Lewis was at fault, but Max also decided to drive with incredible aggression and he paid the price for it. I don't have anything against Max's all or nothing driving style but it's hard to view that as superior when compared to taking well calculated risks that pay off over a season. The infamous break test seems the same way - Max had every right to try to game the system and get Lewis to pass right before a DRS zone. He engaged in aggressive driving and that comes with the risk of other drivers not potentially reacting in a predictable way and it lead to a collision. Again, Lewis was partially at fault here but Max made the decision to opt for a hyper aggressive move that could have paid large dividends but also came with increased risk which, per the result, he ultimately misjudged. For this reason it seems to me that while it is interesting to watch, it's hard to say this is objectively superior driving when it frequently leads to failure in the form of mismanaged risk taking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21418" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-24T03:22:17.663" LastActivityDate="2021-12-24T03:22:17.663" Title="Why do many people consider Max Verstappen comparable to Lewis Hamilton?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26294" CreationDate="2021-12-24T12:02:39.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;British MP Edward Heath won Sydney-Hobart Yacht race while leader of the opposition and the Admirals Cup while Prime Minister.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23310" LastActivityDate="2021-12-24T12:02:39.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-24T21:09:35.123" Score="0" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should I wear a cup for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;skateboarding&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23312" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-24T21:12:26.803" LastActivityDate="2022-10-07T16:42:34.940" Title="Should I wear a cup for skateboarding?" Tags="|skateboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-25T02:42:52.623" Score="2" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an active follower of the NFL from outside the US, I have always found it curious that teams overwhelmingly take a 1-point field goal rather than a 2-point conversion. Some reasons are given in the following post: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24576/why-do-teams-almost-always-pass-on-2-point-conversions&quot;&gt;Why do teams almost always pass on 2-point conversions?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also wonder if the 2-point score is too little for the risk involved, so why not make the conversion be worth 3-points? As a thought experiment, I wonder what effect this would have on the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-25T15:19:24.487" LastActivityDate="2022-09-18T23:55:06.980" Title="What would be the effect if the 2-point conversion was changed to 3-point?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27612" CreationDate="2021-12-25T07:37:13.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on what the 3 point play is gonna be in this hypothetical situation. The 2 point play is from the 2 yard line, but where is the 3 point play going to be from, the same distance, the 3 yard line, the 5? What happens to the field goals, are they also still worth the same amount as the post touchdown conversion? Since these criteria have profound impact on the game, I don't think we can discuss without further details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's discuss the 2 point conversion (2PC).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.axios.com/nfl-kickers-extra-point-success-rate-4054a33a-0a3e-4471-a235-04dbaa1ea6e1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 2021&lt;/a&gt; the kickers made 92.4% of the 1 point conversions (1PC). This is the lowest percentage in decades, mainly due to the kicks being pushed back 13 yards in 2015. This change was made as the kicks were basically automatic (99%+ conversion rate) at the 2 yard line, and the league wanted to add more randomness to the game, or as they explained it, more excitement.&#xA;With the kicks not being so automatic anymore, the 2PC became more of a realistic choice. Specially since the same set of rules also changed the value of return of extra point conversion. A returned 1PC or 2PC would be worth only 2 points, as opposed to 6+1. It was treated as a normal touchdown before.&#xA;So the 1PC got harder, and the penalty of horribly messing up a conversion drastically dropped. This made the percent of 2PCs &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2018/10/09/nfl-season-two-is-new-one/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;more than double&lt;/a&gt; after the move of the extra point kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistically speaking, as mentioned before, 92.4% of extra point kicks were successful in 2021, while &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wsj.com/articles/baltimore-ravens-two-point-conversion-harbaugh-11640007811&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;49.6%&lt;/a&gt; of 2 point conversions were successful. So clearly the odds of scoring are much lower with the 2 point conversion. And since you're trying to score more than you opponents to win the match, it doesn't make it a favourable action during the game as it remains risky. Tho if it's done at the very end of the game with little time left, it may be worth the risk as converting it can either make you win or force your opponent to score again with a few seconds left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the 2PC rate doesn't take into account the weather conditions, the momentum, the fact that most conversions are made by teams desperate to catch their opponent or are offensive juggernauts, injury conditions or higher potential to get injured on 2PCs, higher odds of return in 2PCs (since passes can be intercepted, odds of fumbling), etc. And also we're seeing the worst 1PC kicking in recent history as well as 2PCs being high. The risk isn't worth it to go for 2PCs since if you miss it, your opponent can simply kick after their touchdown and gain a much easier point against you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's get back to the normal scenario of the beginning or middle of the game. As we saw, a single 2PC is not so rewarding. Let's consider 2 conversions. You're not guaranteed to score a touchdown twice, but if for example your team is down my 14+ points, you're gonna have to score 2+ touchdowns anyway, so you know you're gonna get at least 2 touchdowns to win.&#xA;In this case you get up to 2 chances to try the 2PC. If the first one fails, you can try on after the second touchdown, and still come out with 14 points (same as kicking twice). If the first try succeeds, you can kick on the second try and come out with 15 points. This helps with the odds of winning and makes the 2PC more desirable when trailing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can show that statistically, but this is not the best medium to do so and I'm not gonna bore you with that. But the maths are far more favourable to go for 2 2PCs than just 1, as with 2 the risks are lower. The expected value for a conversion is the odds of the conversion times the points earned. Doing quick calculation you'll see a 2PC yeilds to higher value, but if you miss it, your opponent can kick and gain more points, so also need to think about the negatives. Hence why a 2PC is not often tried unless trailing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think we can make the same argument with 3PC. You could run the same logic and maths (which I didn't show) to argue if the 3PC is better than a 2PC or a 1PC. If a 3PC is going to be also on the 2 yard line, I expect to see a ton of 3PC, simply cause mathematically they're far more favourable since they yield in higher points.&#xA;The reason I say we can't make this argument is I think a 3PC will uniquely negatively effect field goals. Why ever go for a kick on 4th and a couple of yards, if converting can give a chance to keep the drive alive to score a touchdown (6 points) and then try for a 3 point play as well? You'd see far less field goals, so the way the game is played will be changed. In my opinion the after-touchdown play needs to be of a lower point value than a field goals, to keep short and medium kicks around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2021-12-25T07:37:13.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24997" CreationDate="2021-12-25T09:31:39.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer to this question is yes. A lapped car has to unlap itself completely - otherwise it would still be regarded as an lapped car.&#xA;The reason why lapped cars have to unlap themselves when a safety car has been deployed is one of basic sporting fairness - a principle that underlies the rules and regulations of all sporting competitions.&#xA;Put simply: once a safety car has been deployed the field bunches up behind it. Any time advantage a competitor has gained over a rival is negated. For example, the lead car may have had a 20 second advantage over the second car before the safety car was deployed which is then reduced to zero behind the safety car. If lapped cars were not allowed to unlap themselves behind the safety car, they would still be at a time disadvantage once the race restarted - i.e. the time it takes to make up the lap, or laps, they have lost. Such a scenario would mean that lapped cars were being unfairly discriminated against simply because they were further behind the leader than cars which had not been lapped. Since the deployment of a safety car only benefits cars that find themselves behind the leader - who is the only car at a net disadvantage since he can only lose (and not gain) time  vis à vis other competitors - it would be unfair not to treat all such cars equally.&#xA;Misunderstanding of this application of the rules stems from attempts to interpret the minutiae of the rules rather than trying to understand the reason why such rules were created in the first place. Where there is lack of clarity the &amp;quot;spirit of the law&amp;quot; is the guiding principle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addendum: it was pointed out in a previous post that it would take forever for a car that had been unlapped 5 times to unlap itself. Of course  it would,  but that in itself is not a reason for the rules not to be respected. After all, those 5 laps represent the time advantage over the lapped car gained by the leader. Allowing the lapped car to completely unlap itself is the only way of addressing the fundamental disadvantage caused to the leading car when a safety car is deployed, and is the reason why the rules stipulate that that the safety car is to be brought in at the end of the following lap once lapped cars have unlapped themselves. This aspect of the rules  enables the lead car to make an informed decision as to its strategy options for the remainder of a race. Thus, in the event  of a car having been lapped  5 times and a safety car being deployed towards the end of a race, the lead car can calculate the likelihood of the race finishing behind the safety car and base its strategy upon that calculation. Without the  security of that knowledge the lead car is at a further disadvantage compared to the  following cars which are able to make their strategic decisions based on the actions taken by the cars in front of them. In such a scenario the lead car would not only have lost any time advantage it had gained up to that point,  but would also be driving blind from a strategic point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge there are no rules or regulations of ANY sport that are conceived to place ANY participant at a fundamental competitive disadvantage.  This would contradict the very notion of what sport is. In most cases the rules and regulations of a given sport focus on how that sport is to be &amp;quot;played.&amp;quot; And, of course,  those regulations are founded on the social construct of what constitutes a fair competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23314" LastEditorUserId="23314" LastEditDate="2021-12-25T12:14:04.513" LastActivityDate="2021-12-25T12:14:04.513" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2021-12-25T17:33:02.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In FIBA it's also a travel, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules-yellow/2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2020&lt;/a&gt; Rule 25.2.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player may not touch the floor consecutively with the same foot or both feet after ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T10:42:48.313" LastActivityDate="2021-12-27T10:42:48.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27617" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-25T17:48:30.500" Score="1" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules-2020-official-interpretations.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Interpretations&lt;/a&gt; contain example 33-2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: A1 is in the air on the shot for a 3-point field goal. A1 extends his leg which contacts his defensive player B1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interpretation is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interpretation: This is a foul by A1 for moving his leg outside the boundaries of his cylinder and contacting his defensive player B1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose the contact between the leg of A1 and the body of B1 occurs after the ball leaves the hand of A1 for the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's further suppose that the ball enters the basket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the basket count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interpretations don't say whether it counts or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules/2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 16.1.1 says that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains within or&#xA;passes through the basket entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question becomes: was the ball live when it entered the basket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's apply Rule 10.4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball does not become dead and the goal counts if made when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball is in flight on a shot for a field goal and:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A referee blows his whistle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, when the contact occurred, the ball was in flight on a shot for a field goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then a referee blew his whistle (for the offensive foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then it looks like &amp;quot;The ball does not become dead and the goal counts&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems like the goal counts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I know the goal doesn't count, but I would like to know why, where it is written, and how the fact the the goal doesn't count squares with rule 10.4 and the concept of live and dead ball)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also accept answers according to the NBA rules, for completeness, although this question is specifically focused on FIBA rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14151" LastEditorUserId="14151" LastEditDate="2021-12-25T17:56:32.497" LastActivityDate="2021-12-27T02:36:01.317" Title="Offensive foul: why doesn't the basket count?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|fiba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27618" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-25T19:59:13.007" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of Christmas Day 2021 with 2 games to go for each the Cowboys at 10-4 and the Eagles at 7-7 why do ESPN and others still show the Eagles with a chance to win the NFC east division title?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23318" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T04:42:22.827" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T23:10:22.843" Title="Why do ESPN and others still list the Eagles as having a chance to win the NFC East title?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27618" CreationDate="2021-12-25T20:48:15.207" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/what-to-know-ahead-of-the-nfls-first-17-game-season-in-2021-here-are-the-changes-that-are-coming/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Because the NFL moved to a 17 game season in 2021&lt;/a&gt;. I'm not going to run through all the possibilities here to show there is a combination of results under which the Eagles win the division, but just going to trust ESPN and friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-12-25T20:48:15.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27618" CreationDate="2021-12-25T22:50:45.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 17 games per season starting this season (2021-22).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each team has 3 games left. If the Cowboys lose all remaining games and the Eagles win all remaining games, both teams will end up with a 10-7 record. They'll also both have identical division and conference records as well as having the head-to-head series tied at 1-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Eagles would be able to win the division due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dallascowboys.com/news/how-the-cowboys-can-clinch-the-nfc-east&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;strength of victory&lt;/a&gt;, which is the fifth tiebreaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-03T23:10:22.843" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T23:10:22.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27621" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27622" CreationDate="2021-12-26T13:35:44.943" Score="0" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since when the break between the second and third session of any day of a test match started getting referred to &amp;quot;tea break&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the term is like it has become part of the cricket rule book, it could have been referred to &amp;quot;drinks break&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;coffee break&amp;quot; but who decided it to be referred to as what we know today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2021-12-26T14:14:06.167" LastActivityDate="2021-12-26T14:14:06.167" Title="Why is the mid-afternoon break in a Test Match called the &quot;tea break&quot;?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27621" CreationDate="2021-12-26T14:12:27.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since forever, effectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The important point here is that you have the wrong meaning of tea - it is not about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the drink&lt;/a&gt;, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(meal)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the meal&lt;/a&gt;, and in particular &amp;quot;afternoon tea&amp;quot;, a light meal taken between lunch and the evening meal. Afternoon tea became established in England in the late 19th century, approximately concurrently with the first Test Match in 1877; as such it was natural to call the mid-afternoon break in the matches a &amp;quot;tea break&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-12-26T14:12:27.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-26T21:08:53.457" Score="2" ViewCount="733" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the NFL prevent a team on the last week of the season to losing on purpose ensuring a #1 draft pick for the following year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16390" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-12-29T14:48:36.807" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T21:12:10.653" Title="NFL Team Lose on Purpose for Draft Pick" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27617" CreationDate="2021-12-27T02:28:01.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For NBA rules, this is trivial to answer.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rulebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section VII—Offensive Fouls&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A personal foul assessed against an offensive player which is neither punching or flagrant shall be penalized in the following manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No points can be scored by the offensive team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offending player is charged with a personal foul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The offending team is not charged with a team foul&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: Rule 3—Section I—a. No penalty free throws are awarded.&#xA;4. The ball is awarded to the offended team out-of-bounds on the sideline at the nearest spot where play was interrupted but no nearer the baseline than the free throw line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offensive player commits a penalty, no points can be scored, explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIBA's rules are not clear on this in my mind, but I have never considered FIBA's rules to be clear on much of anything, despite their detail, so that doesn't surprise me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T02:36:01.317" LastActivityDate="2021-12-27T02:36:01.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27626" CreationDate="2021-12-27T16:50:06.440" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering on why the structures for some sports are completely different to others. Especially, why it is that in most winter sports, like downhill skiing, cross-country skiing or bobsleigh athletes always compete internationally for their respective country. In most other sports like football or cycling you do have individual teams or clubs competing on a national and international level and also additional national teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this based on historical reasons or why don't we have something like a team or club structure in some sports, mostly Olympic sports probably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23329" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2021-12-27T17:18:24.993" LastActivityDate="2021-12-28T11:08:46.453" Title="Reason for only national teams in some Olympic sports" Tags="|history|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27625" CreationDate="2021-12-28T11:08:46.453" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This comes down to money more than anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Winter sports are typically funded by national organisations, who understandably fund their national athletes. To a very real extent, this is because outside a few Nordic and Alpine countries, winter sports aren't capable of generating enough independent money to fund a professional team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Men's football obviously generates vast amounts of independent income, whether that be from television rights, direct ticket sales or sponsorship. Women's football is in a slightly different position, and it is notable that the Olympic women's football tournament is a fully open and highly prestigious tournament as opposed to the men's tournament which is an under 23s tournament and not a top concern for professionals. Similarly, cycling is capable of generating its own independent sponsorship so ends up with international teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, cycling generates its own independent sponsorship so features multi-national teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2021-12-28T11:08:46.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27628" CreationDate="2021-12-29T02:48:25.323" Score="0" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I have the ESPN bundle, and I was able to watch the NBA Christmas games live without a problem. Now tonight, I am unable to do that. Does ESPN only livestream certain games for example on specific holidays? How can I watch normal NBA games live?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2021-12-29T14:51:52.787" LastActivityDate="2021-12-29T14:51:52.787" Title="How to watch all NBA games ESPN?" Tags="|basketball|nba|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27627" CreationDate="2021-12-29T04:45:09.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ESPN is one of the NBA's broadcast partners, but does not show nearly all NBA games.  They (along with ABC) show &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nba/news/espn-nba-broadcast-lineup-schedule/2nn7hw1b22yf1h6q85x9o89mn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;101 games this year&lt;/a&gt;, with TNT showing 65, NBA TV showing 107, and other games being only available on local channels in their local areas.  There's a bit over 1200 total games in the regular season, for reference.    Christmas Day is a special setup ESPN has where they show many games (that are all scheduled around their broadcast schedule); this is not typical for a normal NBA in-season day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ESPN does not have streaming rights to NBA games, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whattowatch.com/how-to/can-you-watch-the-nba-on-espn-plus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for more details.  You would need the NBA League Pass to watch (out of market) NBA games that aren't otherwise available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2021-12-29T04:45:09.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27623" CreationDate="2021-12-30T15:39:30.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure prevention is necessary. Generally at the end of the year you have two or three teams in a &amp;quot;race to the bottom&amp;quot;. But such teams have a strong motivation not to lose:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Teams are very competitive by nature. No one enjoys losing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coaches with poorly-performing teams risk being fired. Winning improves their prospects.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For players in this injury-riddled sport, the earnings window is very short. They get paid, either by their current team or their next team, based on their on-field performance. Players play hard to show their value.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have one data point which may illustrate. Gary Kubiak coached the Denver Broncos during the 2016-17 season. He had won the Superbowl coaching the Broncos in 2015-16. The Broncos were 8-7 heading into the final game of the 2016 season. They had been eliminated from the playoffs. Losing would have meant better draft picks the next Spring. The Broncos played their starters against the Raiders (who had playoff positioning at stake) and beat them 24-6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10339" LastEditorUserId="10339" LastEditDate="2021-12-30T15:45:25.800" LastActivityDate="2021-12-30T15:45:25.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27630" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-12-31T07:19:52.370" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by &lt;a href=&quot;https://nodum.org/if-a-professional-fighter-dies-in-a-ring-is-it-considered-a-murder-would-his-opponent-get-charged-video/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;If a professional fighter dies in a ring, is it considered a murder? Would his opponent go to jail?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar incident happened in   1960 in a boxing match between Benny Paret and Emile Griffith. In the twelfth round Griffith pushed Paret to the corner and started punching him to the head very hard. Paret was defenceless at that point, but referee did not stop the fight as he was still standing. Crowd was shocked seeing Griffith landing very strong uppercuts to Paret's head, but his coach did not throw the towel in either. Ten days later Paret was announced dead. Griffith was called a murderer, but never faced any charges. Later he was forgiven by Paret's son and admitted crying remembering the incident. He got furious after Paret's homophobic remarks – Griffith was bisexual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has anyone in Griffith's position ever stopped fighting because their opponent is clearly unable to defend themselves, even though the referee hasn't stopped the fight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm tagging the question with &amp;quot;boxing&amp;quot;, even though I'm also interested in all combat sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2021-12-31T07:19:52.370" Title="Has a fighter ever stopped fighting because opponent is unable to defend themselves, even though the referee hasn't stopped the fight?" Tags="|boxing|martial-arts|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27632" CreationDate="2022-01-01T02:53:53.137" Score="2" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it true that, in an 80s tour match against Tasmania, Kapil Dev hit the ball from York Park across the North Esk River and into a Kmart car park, hitting someone’s windshield? I looked for an article on this after my father mentioned it, but I couldn’t find anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21734" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-01-01T16:43:36.703" LastActivityDate="2022-01-02T12:45:17.037" Title="Did Kapil Dev hit a ball across a river into someone's car?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27631" CreationDate="2022-01-02T12:09:06.420" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This doesn't seem to be possible. India made two tours of Australia in the 1980s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1980-81/IND_IN_AUS/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1980-81&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1985-86/IND_IN_AUS/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985-86&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On these tours, three matches were played in Tasmania:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1980-81/IND_IN_AUS/IND_TAS_11-13DEC1980.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A first class match from 11-13 December 1980&lt;/a&gt;; Kapil Dev did not play in this match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1980-81/IND_IN_AUS/IND_TAS_14DEC1980.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A one day match on 14 December 1980&lt;/a&gt;; Kapil Dev did play in this match, but it was at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTCA_Ground&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NTCA Ground&lt;/a&gt; which is not next to the river. Kapil Dev &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; hit a six in this match, so possibly there is some exaggeration of the story happening.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1985-86/IND_IN_AUS/IND_TAS_20-23DEC1985.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A first class match from 20-23 December 1985&lt;/a&gt;; this match was abandoned without a ball bowled.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness, I also looked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-australia-1991-92-62295/match-results&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;India's 1991-92 tour of Australia&lt;/a&gt;; the only match played in Tasmania was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-world-series-1991-92-60921/australia-vs-india-3rd-match-65481/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the ODI against Australia in which Kapil Dev did play but no sixes were hit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-01-02T12:45:17.037" LastActivityDate="2022-01-02T12:45:17.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27633" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-02T21:17:45.173" Score="1" ViewCount="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a long time I've been a fan of Matthew Stafford.  He had suffered in Detroit for years.  Detroit, in their best years would appear to have their playoff hopes get dashed in December.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that Stafford having difficulty in December is not exclusive to Detroit.  Christmas weekend of 2021 with the Rams he threw several interceptions, as he did today, Jan. 02, 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is Stafford the best example of a quarterback who has the highest ratio of (INT on or after Dec. 1st)/(INT before Dec. 1st)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2022-01-02T21:17:45.173" Title="All time QB with the worst December+ INT ratio" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="480" CreationDate="2022-01-02T22:20:59.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, this is not allowed in racquetball (which I think is frankly kind of dumb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the official rules by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.irttour.com/serving-rules-for-racquetball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IRT Tour&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You win a rally if one of the following occurs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your opponent switches their racquet hand during the point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23342" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-01-03T05:12:04.000" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T05:12:04.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-03T22:31:33.180" Score="2" ViewCount="589" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tqEFj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tqEFj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Why does NFL player not have a nameplate?&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The photo shows #9 for the Cincinnati Bengals (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/3915511/joe-burrow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Joe Burrow&lt;/a&gt;) playing without a nameplate on his jersey during the Bengals game against the Chiefs on 2nd January 2022. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23348" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-01-04T09:58:58.337" LastActivityDate="2022-01-04T09:58:58.337" Title="Why did Joe Burrow not have a nameplate?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27623" CreationDate="2022-01-03T22:55:30.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't the reason but a reason: Player Incentives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Late in the season, players are close to reaching incentives that would reward them in bonus money if they were to reach said incentives. This provides an incentive to be productive, even if the team is also in a spot to get the #1 pick in the draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, that doesn't stop a team effort from tanking. However, players may rebel at such a notion. An example of this is &lt;a href=&quot;https://fansided.com/2021/01/05/eagles-players-doug-pederson-benching-jalen-hurts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Doug Pederson&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fansided.com/2021/01/05/eagles-fire-doug-pederson-lost-locker-room/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Philadelphia Eagles&lt;/a&gt; at the end of 2020. The Eagles were out of playoff contention and lost to the Football Team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23348" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T22:55:30.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27636" CreationDate="2022-01-03T23:26:56.790" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://uni-watch.com/2022/01/03/monday-morning-uni-watch-267/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uni-watch&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/josephperson/status/1477739261814267906&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Twitter video&lt;/a&gt;, the nameplate (which was probably not sewn on) was coming loose during the game.  During a play, a Kansas City player (Chris Jones) grabbed it during an attempted tackle and it was removed from the jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-01-03T23:26:56.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20926" CreationDate="2022-01-04T23:00:18.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Had the same question myself and took a dive into the LOTG. Found this in Law 10 FAQs on the IFAB website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: 'A player is cautioned (yellow card, YC) during extra time.&#xA;After the match has ended, the same player receives a YC during kicks&#xA;from the penalty mark. What is the referee’s decision?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer: 'Warnings and cautions (YCs) issued during the match&#xA;(including during extra time) are not carried forward into kicks from&#xA;the penalty mark (KFPM). A player who receives a YC during both the&#xA;match and the KFPM is not sent off.  The two separate cautions are&#xA;reported to the appropriate authorities.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer the question, a player who has been cautioned during the match and receives a second caution during kicks from the penalty mark (KFPM) can continue to participate in KFPM, unless they receive a further caution during the KFPM (in which case they would be sent off).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/#kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/#kicks-from-the-penalty-mark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23351" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-04T23:26:46.953" LastActivityDate="2022-01-04T23:26:46.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="550" CreationDate="2022-01-05T12:48:10.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've done it many times. I don't recall the balance point change being noticeable when changing between NNN and SNS. I suggest don't redrill. But you be the judge! Find your balance right now. Remove bindings. Just set new bindings on top of the skis. See new balance point. You won't notice up to an inch difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23353" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-05T16:58:36.420" LastActivityDate="2022-01-05T16:58:36.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27642" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-06T16:49:46.507" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;A switch hit is acceptable in cricket. But if a batsman wants to disturb the line of the bowler by playing right and left handed every alternate ball, would it be allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2022-02-05T19:04:45.477" Title="Batting right and left handed every alternate ball in cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27642" CreationDate="2022-01-06T17:16:24.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing in the Laws of Cricket which &lt;em&gt;explicitly&lt;/em&gt; prevents this, but I'd say that it very quickly becomes time wasting by the batting side and would be subject to the penalties detailed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 41.10&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-01-06T17:16:24.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27644" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-06T20:09:34.803" Score="2" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am considering the formula for weighted stolen base runs (wSB), which is given as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;wSB = a * SB + b * CS - lgwSB * (1B + uBB + HBP)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and a = 0.2 and b = (-2 * RunsPerOut + 0.075).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.) does anyone know the original paper/inventer of wSB? I have been trying to find out about the history of this statistic but have not been able to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.) Does anyone know why there is a multiple of 2 in runs per out for the coefficient of caught stealing? I thought wSB was supposed to quantify the contributions to the run count of the stealing attempts of a specific player. Since every time being caught stealing contributes one out, I would have thought the the coefficient b of CS would be more or less RunsPerOut; I don't understand why we then scale by 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody explain this apparent contradiction to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23356" LastActivityDate="2022-01-09T18:15:53.493" Title="Origin of the formula for weighted stolen base runs (wSB)" Tags="|baseball|statistics|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27645" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27646" CreationDate="2022-01-07T12:07:15.750" Score="0" ViewCount="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm currently writing a program involving Golf and my code's structure makes outputting &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;-5 + par&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; way easier (&amp;amp; shorter, in terms of code length required) than &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;5 under par&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. Now, is the former likely to be understood by the general golf player or is it so odd that I ought not to use it at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23360" LastActivityDate="2022-01-07T12:18:29.980" Title="Would &quot; -5 + Par&quot; instead of &quot;5 under Par&quot; be understood/accepted?" Tags="|terminology|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27645" CreationDate="2022-01-07T12:18:29.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would probably be understood... but I'd seriously question whether you've got your cost:benefit analysis right here - it would make your program look like it's written by someone who doesn't understand golf, and (as a professional programmer) it's two lines of code to output &amp;quot;5 under par&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;-5 + par&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-01-07T12:18:29.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27648" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-07T18:34:58.873" Score="1" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does tapping the bat on the pitch (including the danger zone) not considered as illegal but a bowler running over the danger zone is given a warning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that even if a batsman is &amp;quot;gardening&amp;quot; the pitch   around the bowler's foot marks (on a spinning track), it will not be considered as illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2023-05-01T08:05:50.680" Title="Why tapping the bat on the pitch is not considered illegal?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27644" CreationDate="2022-01-07T19:11:53.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The oldest reference to wSB that I'm familiar with is &lt;a href=&quot;https://library.fangraphs.com/offense/wsb/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Fangraphs article&lt;/a&gt;, which is from 2013, and I think in 2012 perhaps is when they actually introduced the stat.  It's possible it originated elsewhere, but the formula you provide there is Fangraphs' formula, and I imagine another source would use different parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why it's -2*R/O ... that's what they determined it should be.  Coefficients like that (and the 0.2 for SB) are usually determined through linear regressions or similar statistical modeling methods; don't try to assign too much direct meaning to them.  According to their models, the contribution of a base stealer to his team's overall win total increased by 0.2 times the number of stolen bases, and decreased by -2 times the league runs per out [for reference, this number is around 0.15 to 0.2, I believe].   It's not saying &amp;quot;a caught stealing is in some way causatively related to the league runs per out&amp;quot;, by the way; it's just using the league runs per out as a scaling mechanism - in seasons where league runs per out are higher, a CS hurts a little more than in a season where there's a lot less scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outs, remember, are basically a fixed number - every season has the same number of them, given the same number of games and teams, except for small adjustments for home teams skipping the 9th half the time and extra innings - so R/O is really just another way of controlling for the scoring environment (league runs scored), adjusted to a more useful size number. They could as easily have used &amp;quot;R/G&amp;quot; times 0.225 or something like that, maybe that would've been less confusing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-01-07T19:11:53.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-08T22:03:20.943" Score="1" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;In figuring the NFL's strength of victory tie-breaker, what about teams a team has tied? In other calculations, a tie is counted as half a victory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23368" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-01-08T22:45:45.357" LastActivityDate="2022-01-08T22:45:45.357" Title="Does strength of victory include teams a team has tied?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27652" CreationDate="2022-01-08T22:44:01.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;h1&gt;No. &amp;quot;Victory&amp;quot; means winning, not tying.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The strength of victory counts only the actual victories, where the team won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL tiebreaker procedures do not list any alternative definition or calculation for this, so it can be assumed to have the simplest form possible: the combined record of teams beaten, expressed as a winning percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This calculation will count the beaten teams' ties as a half-win, as usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-01-08T22:44:01.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20325" CreationDate="2022-01-10T05:38:40.607" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Raiders with 4 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Las_Vegas_Raiders_season&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in 2021/22&lt;/a&gt;   The last one was against the Los Angeles chargers.  Winner advanced to the playoffs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23372" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-02-09T07:39:13.417" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T07:39:13.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28676" CreationDate="2022-01-10T14:35:23.593" Score="2" ViewCount="1088" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the 2022 Formula 1 Season, Miami is hosting one of two races in the USA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Miami, and Florida as a whole, has a bit of a reputation for quite severe thunderstorms, and particularly whereby sporting events have had to be postponed because of such weather. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.local10.com/sports/2018/09/09/dolphins-game-delayed-multiple-times-after-lightning-strikes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/08/england-honduras-world-cup-warm-up-match-report&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although there may be lightning in the air, that may not necessarily mean the track conditions are unsuitable for racing, for example any rain that comes with the thunderstorm could be negated by Wet tyres, and a thunderstorm does not necessarily mean heavy rain. However, given that the drivers are going around in an electrically conductive box, and that fans are usually situated on uncovered temporary stands (read: scaffolding), lightning could be seen as a danger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any specific set of procedures for the Race Director to follow in the case of thunderstorms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-01-10T16:47:09.033" LastActivityDate="2023-01-25T14:29:38.770" Title="What procedures does the FIA take when there are thunderstorms?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27658" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-10T18:22:03.890" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have attempted to search for this answer before, but often end up getting answers akin to the longest distance a drive has taken between goal lines, hence the answer is something like 99 yards. However, this answer and those like it are to a different question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is as follows, with consideration for penalty yards, what is the longest drive ever in the NFL? To clarify:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If on 1st down the offense were to commit a 15 yard personal foul, they'd lose 15 yards and then the new 1st down yardage would become 1st and 25. Then;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If on the 1st and 25 attempt, defensive holding were to occur, the defense committed a holding penalty, there would be a 5 yard penalty as well as an automatic 1st down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the above series of penalties were to occur when the ball started on the Offense's 40-yard line, the resultant would be 1st and 10 starting on the Offense's 30-yard line. Effectively, if the offense were to drive down the field they would have to go 10 yards further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-01-11T23:19:05.613" LastActivityDate="2022-01-11T23:19:05.613" Title="What is the longest drive in the NFL with consideration for penalty yardage?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27661" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-11T13:17:23.317" Score="4" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;In pro soccer, can the referee request VAR to analyse an incident even though there is no warning from VAR to the referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23384" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T14:28:57.060" LastActivityDate="2024-01-25T07:09:51.217" Title="Can the referee in a football match request a video review?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|video-review|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27662" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-12T20:24:05.900" Score="1" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eric Weddle unretired and is signing with the Rams for their postseason run??? I never heard or seen that in my life is it against any rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23390" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T13:51:35.457" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T13:51:35.457" Title="Can a player unretire when the postseason starts who hasn’t played all season and be eligible play in the postseason" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27667" CreationDate="2022-01-12T22:05:41.023" Score="0" ViewCount="700" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the course of the 2021/22 Premier League and EFL Championship seasons, I've noticed that, about once a month, games are getting temporarily paused due to medical emergencies in the crowd. I don't recall this happening in previous seasons, so I suspect there's been some kind of rule change regarding how medical emergencies in football grounds are handled - previously the match would just continue, and the stewards would try and sort it out while minimizing disruption, but now the match is brought to a halt instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When exactly was this change brought about, and why? And if it's not an official rule, then why the sudden change in policy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="22056" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T19:56:34.953" LastActivityDate="2022-05-11T19:22:18.400" Title="When and why did English football teams begin stopping play for medical emergencies in the crowd?" Tags="|football|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27662" CreationDate="2022-01-13T01:07:45.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a player retires while under contract, a team can add them to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russellstreetreport.com/salarycap/nfl-glossary/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reserve/Retired List&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, in which case the contract progression pauses, and would resume if the player unretires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, a player who retires before training camp begins cannot play for another team that season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears Weddle signed a two-year contract with the Rams in 2019, and then retired after one year. It's unclear if the Rams did add him to the Reserve/Retired list in order to hold his rights, but reports of his unretirement say he signed a one-year contract with the Rams, which seems to be a new contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23392" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-01-14T21:09:13.387" LastActivityDate="2022-01-14T21:09:13.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27663" CreationDate="2022-01-14T14:00:35.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe that anything has changed per se, other than generally more awareness amongst fans, players, referees etc. that in a medical emergency quick action can save lives, which probably came through hardest after the Christian Eriksen incident in Euro 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that all Premier League teams, and likely &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; of the Football League teams, have fully-trained doctors / medical professionals as part of their match-day staff, and that most will likely be equipped with life-saving equipment (eg a defibrillator&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;), it would seem inappropriate to not ask them for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We must not forget that, for all our passions for the game, it is just a game, and if a medical emergency should arise, in which halting the game would increase the likelihood of someone receiving the treatment that they need, then it should be welcomed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not to say we should stop the game because someone slips and rolls their ankle, but I believe in all of the cases in the Premier League, the incidents have been because of a cardiac arrest, or similar type of incident in severity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opinions over... In terms of actual rules, there have been &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/2021-22-law-changes-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no changes from IFAB or the FA&lt;/a&gt; for this season to explicitly state that the referee &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; stop play in the case of a medical emergency outside of the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only current rule that could possibly apply, albeit I think this is more for &lt;em&gt;direct&lt;/em&gt; interference, is perhaps &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-referee/#powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.3&lt;/a&gt; which states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outside interference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stops, suspends or abandons the match for any offences or because of outside interference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are then a list of some specific examples, but I would imagine that they are not exhaustive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A small part of me thinks this is a requirement now, though I have not yet been able to find an example document for the Premier League or Football League. However, for UEFA sanctioned matches, it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://documents.uefa.com/r/xM_Ei8a6hogynDxAKsJTrw/HUg5FlY88HO6bYVMtOu8Og&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a requirement to have a defibrillator&lt;/a&gt;, amongst other medical equipment, pitch-side.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-01-14T14:00:35.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10719" CreationDate="2022-01-15T00:11:34.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes, it can&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the legal system, in football, players are punished by their intent rather than the consequences of their actions. Referees look for objective observations to deduce the intent of the players. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/20yLFCVi-Uc?t=28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;you can still get cautioned&lt;/a&gt; even if the opponent breaks your leg. Therefore, touching the ball has no impact on the decision of the referees whatsoever, except for situational offenses, like denying a goal scoring opportunity. Hence, rather than touching the ball, the question should be &amp;quot;can it be a foul even if the player had a very realistic attempt to play with the ball?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-12---fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; are treated more like a holy book. FIFA and UEFA officials, acting like scholars, train the Referee Committees about the interpretations of these laws. These interpretations sometimes include touching the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A realistic attempt to play with the ball&lt;/strong&gt; may have an effect on the overall decision, i.e., if there is no realistic intent, a reckless offense can be considered violent conduct and a caution might turn into a red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Touching the ball can be used to differentiate between violent conduct and serious foul play&lt;/strong&gt;. Both are send-off offenses but federations usually punish violent conduct with a longer suspension. This has no impact for the particular game, but still an example where touching the ball might have an impact in the overall decision. For the sake of completeness, I have to add that you can still get a violent conduct ban even if you touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For situational fouls, like denying a goal scoring opportunity, &lt;strong&gt;touching the ball may have a huge impact on the decision of the referee&lt;/strong&gt;. For promising attacks and goal scoring opportunities, a contact which would not even be considered foul in another situation results in a caution or send-off if the player does not touch the ball. Still, touching the ball does not magically exonerate you from caution or send-off, it is just the beginning of the &amp;quot;if-else&amp;quot; routine of the referee decision making process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the specific question, Neuer-Higuain position is a hard position, but the referee probably interpreted as Higuain impeded Neuer, i.e., run into Neuer's path without attempting to play the ball. Whether Neuer touches the ball or not does not change the interpretation. As I explained above, referee tried to deduce the intentions of both players and believed that Higuain did not consider playing with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the FIFA and UEFA scholars of today, consider jumps with one knee raised up as reckless. It would result in a penalty and depending on the positions of rest of the players, it might be a yellow or a red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11645" LastActivityDate="2022-01-15T00:11:34.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-16T02:24:59.487" Score="1" ViewCount="1503" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking for clarification, in basketball how many steps are allowed &lt;em&gt;while&lt;/em&gt; dribbling without putting the ball down? So in other words drag dribbles, floats, push cross, etc. According to the rules you &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt; travel while dribbling. Since the dribble is live, when does ball in hand go too far? There’s nothing in the rules that’s clear on it. Obviously not talking about palming or hand under ball situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23283" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-03-26T08:33:31.847" LastActivityDate="2023-12-16T12:01:55.223" Title="Steps allowed while dribbling without putting the ball down?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27673" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-16T22:27:45.493" Score="0" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/T/TrubMi00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pro Football Reference&lt;/a&gt; recognizes Mitch Tribusky as the 2021 NVP and Dak Prescott as the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/P/PresDa01.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 NVP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the NVP (Nickelodeon Valuable Player) a legitimate award recognized by the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23416" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T19:57:03.077" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T12:38:53.217" Title="Is the NVP (Nickelodeon Valuable Player) a legitimate award?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27673" CreationDate="2022-01-17T00:13:54.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not an award like the MVP, or Walter Payton. It's a gimmick award from the Nickelodeon network, voted by the fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T00:13:54.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27675" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27676" CreationDate="2022-01-17T02:06:57.220" Score="1" ViewCount="8604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes when the kicker punts the ball and it goes out of bounds, there is a penalty because ball went out of bounds and other times there is no penalty when that happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone please explain the rule to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23417" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-10-08T18:23:29.007" LastActivityDate="2023-10-30T03:26:55.000" Title="Why is there sometimes a penalty when a punted ball goes out of bounds?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27675" CreationDate="2022-01-17T03:13:45.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're confusing a punt with a kickoff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A kickoff going out of bounds is a foul, and the ball will be placed on the 40 yard line for the returning team to start, or where the ball went out, which ever is better for the receiving team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#article-3.-free-kick-out-of-bounds&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;RULE 6 - SECTION 2 - ARTICLE 3. FREE KICK OUT OF BOUNDS:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a kickoff out of bounds: The receiving team may elect to take possession of the ball 25 yards from the spot of the kick or at the out-of-bounds spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no foul for a punt going out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-17T03:27:38.950" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T03:27:38.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27661" CreationDate="2022-01-17T13:59:39.893" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/#principles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules of the IFAB&lt;/a&gt; include the following rule about the VAR:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As the VAR will automatically ‘check’ every situation/decision, there is no need for coaches or players to request a ‘review’.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not mention the referee, but it is still implied the VAR will look at everything that happens during a game. So no request from the referee would be necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2022-01-17T13:59:39.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27603" CreationDate="2022-01-18T08:56:49.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Kov%C3%A1cs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Katalin Kovács&lt;/a&gt; has won 30 world championship titles in sprint kayaking. She also won 3 gold medals at Olympics. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgit_Fischer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Birgit Fisher&lt;/a&gt; had the previous record in kayaking with 28 world championship titles. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Michael Phelps&lt;/a&gt; won 26 world championship titles in swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-01-18T15:06:32.193" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T15:06:32.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-18T09:20:53.837" Score="0" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2021 NFL season the Indianapolis Colts had the most players (7) selected to the Pro Bowl (no other team had 7 Pro Bowl players), yet they missed the playoffs. Has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T15:59:08.050" Title="Did an NFL team with the outright most Pro Bowlers miss the playoff before 2021?" Tags="|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27679" CreationDate="2022-01-18T15:03:34.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did an NFL team with the outright most Pro Bowlers miss the playoff before 2021?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Yes.&lt;/strike&gt; Edit - missed the word &amp;quot;outright.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Steelers had &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Pro_Bowl#Number_of_selections_per_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;8 pro bowlers&lt;/a&gt; but missed the playoffs during &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2018/playoffs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 2018 season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23426" LastEditorDisplayName="user23426" LastEditDate="2022-01-18T15:59:08.050" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T15:59:08.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10586" CreationDate="2022-01-18T20:20:29.587" Score="-3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is disrespectful to the sport.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It takes the focus away from the match.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gamesmanship, a dirty trick.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Broken pieces can injure anyone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23429" LastActivityDate="2022-01-18T20:20:29.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27831" CreationDate="2022-01-20T20:41:16.370" Score="1" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Below, I might present some statements based on what I feel rather than facts. Please correct me in the answer so I understand it better. But I'm writing it anyway to explain my doubts and ask question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is bugging me for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, what do I notice in test cricket? :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A lot of slips because a lot of catches go there&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsmen afraid to even look for a single run. Sometimes they are even afraid of leaving a ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overall, often there are situations where it seems so difficult to score runs. Teams collapse often even if they are playing defensive&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lastly, I've personally observed the ball swinging a lot in test cricket rather than ODI cricket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, what do I notice in limited overs cricket? :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runs come so easily! Hitting 3 sixes in a row isn't a big deal these days especially in T20 cricket&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't notice that much swing (except the first 3-4 overs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batsman don't look that much afraid (except the first 3-4 overs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In England, in ODI cricket in past few years, their batsmen wreak havoc on bowlers. But in test cricket I feel like getting runs is so difficult&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/2388/21506&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; answer &lt;em&gt;totally&lt;/em&gt; contradicts what I have stated. According to it, ball (white ball) swings more in limited overs cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So my question is:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much is truth of this swing in what I have stated above? And if there's truth about this swing, why does it happen? Does the color of ball has to do with this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21506" LastActivityDate="2022-04-04T18:40:26.733" Title="Does ball in test cricket actually swing more and batting is actually difficult?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27690" CreationDate="2022-01-21T22:14:00.653" Score="0" ViewCount="11121" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is really just to confirm what I've read in the rules or really what is not specifically written in the rules...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USAPA rules state the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4.L. Service Foot Faults. During the serve, when the ball is&#xA;struck, the server’s feet shall:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4.L.1. Not touch the area outside the imaginary extension&#xA;of the sideline.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4.L.2. Not touch the area on the wrong side of the&#xA;imaginary extension of the centerline.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4.L.3. Not touch the court, including the baseline.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no rules specifically about the server's partner, but this has been a point of contention here and there in rec play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usapickleball.org/docs/ifp/USAPA-Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USAPA Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23450" LastEditorUserId="23450" LastEditDate="2023-01-16T18:48:28.973" LastActivityDate="2023-01-16T18:48:28.973" Title="Does your partner have to also be behind the line when serving in pickleball?" Tags="|rules|pickleball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27689" CreationDate="2022-01-21T22:19:53.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 4.B.7 seems to pretty clearly state that any player other than the server can stand wherever they wish (on their side of the net).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.B.7. Partner Positions. In doubles, with the exception of the server (see 4.A.4) there is no restriction on the position of any player, as long as all players are on their respective team’s side of the net. They can be positioned on or off the court. The correct server must serve from the correct service court, and the correct receiver must receive the serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-01-21T22:19:53.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27691" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-22T05:41:59.077" Score="0" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the name of the college sports team, which has this college basketball logo?&#xA;I see RMAM are part of the logo text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MisHM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MisHM.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21417" LastEditorUserId="21417" LastEditDate="2022-01-22T19:07:08.710" LastActivityDate="2022-01-22T19:07:08.710" Title="What is the logo sports team of this D basketball name?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4011" CreationDate="2022-01-22T20:06:26.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.skysports.com/football/watford-vs-norwich/446517&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Watford and Norwich&lt;/a&gt; on 21 January 2022 had 15 minutes of additional time at the end, though this was due to a temporary floodlight failure causing the match to be disrupted, rather than an actual injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play was suspended for 11 minutes owing to a floodlight failure [...] There were &lt;strong&gt;15 minutes of stoppage time&lt;/strong&gt; as a result of the floodlight failure...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, the very next day, a match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60005893&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brentford and Wolverhampton&lt;/a&gt; had &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt; minutes of additional time at the end of the first half, partly due to a collision between two Brentford players and partly due to a drone flying over the pitch that caused play to be halted. You asked for the longest additional time at the end of the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; half, so this technically doesn't answer your question, but it's worth noting regardless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-01-22T20:06:26.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27697" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-24T03:13:32.363" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the January 23, 2022 NFL Divisional playoff game between the Kansas City Chiefs and Buffalo Bills, the Chiefs trailed 36-33 in the 4th quarter when they started a drive at their own 25-yard line with only 13 seconds left in the game. Two pass completions and two timeouts later, they kicked a 49-yard field goal as time expired to send the game to overtime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the NFL record for least amount of time left that a game-winning or game-tying drive started with? The drive must have started after a kickoff or a punt. I'd be interested in both FG and TD drives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2022-01-25T22:35:57.797" LastActivityDate="2022-01-25T22:35:57.797" Title="Has there ever been a game-winning/tying drive that started with less than 13 seconds?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|history|records|field-goal|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15163" CreationDate="2022-01-24T18:41:46.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anthony Munoz won College National Championships at USC in 1978 for football and baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23468" LastActivityDate="2022-01-24T18:41:46.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27715" CreationDate="2022-01-27T06:32:52.747" Score="1" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never understood this part from Rocky 2 from Mickey about southpaws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/EUnNn3Dl_2U?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean when he says &amp;quot;right's no damn good&amp;quot;... for orthodox you could say &amp;quot;left's no damn good&amp;quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He gives the impression southpaw is an entirely different style of boxing... but southpaw and orthodox are just left and right handed aren't they? So aren't they just mirror images of each other? So any problem a southpaw presents to an orthodox fighter is the same as the problem an orthodox presents to a southpaw... Or is there more to it than that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19899" LastActivityDate="2022-02-04T06:00:20.947" Title="Boxing 'southpaw' question - Rocky 2 (&quot;ought to outlaw southpaws&quot;)" Tags="|boxing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27702" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-27T09:35:58.017" Score="0" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve started making some software that determines the probability of something happening and then using betting exchanges to place BACK bets.&#xA;I do understand the concept of lay bets however what I don’t understand is how to determine/calculate what price they should be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example last nights match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hearts V Celtic - BTT - smarkets&#xA;I concluded there’s a 49% chance of this NOT happening which &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aceodds.com/bet-calculator/odds-converter.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;would give me a decimal of 2.04&lt;/a&gt; to BACK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So with the lay aspect would it not be the opposite = 51% meaning 1.96? Of course you can move these around more to get better value. But I’m baffled as to how some of the lays are priced and why they're priced that way and struggling to find information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve included screenshot of odds before kickoff on markets from last nights match. 2.02 BACK and 2.16 LAY?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QlgRW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QlgRW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Celtic V Hearts 26-01-22 BTTS&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help or pointers in the right direction would be massively appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23484" LastEditorUserId="23484" LastEditDate="2022-01-27T09:50:58.793" LastActivityDate="2022-10-24T11:02:35.467" Title="How to calculate lay bets" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27702" CreationDate="2022-01-27T09:50:21.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer depends slightly if this is a traditional bookie or a customer-driven betting exchange, but the simple answer is that people want to make money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a traditional bookie, they make money via their spread (or vigorish in American parlance): their fractional odds will not add up to 1.0 exactly and so they make money whatever the outcome of the bet. Despite the common belief, bookies do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; set their odds to reflect their belief in what the outcome of the bet will be, but to try to ensure they have equal exposure to either side of a bet as they are then guaranteed to make money equal to their spread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a betting exchange, much the same thing applies, but is driven by what customers are prepared to offer. If the fractional odds did add up to 1.0, there would be no real opportunity for profit, particularly after the market has taken its cut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-01-27T09:50:21.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-29T18:10:14.950" Score="0" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;In combat sports being heavier is, in and of itself, considered a significant advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, a smaller fighter can usually only win against a heavier opponent if the fight is otherwise biased towards the lighter competitor. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the heavier opponent is monstrually obese to the point that their weight gimps them (eg Yarbrough vs Hackney?);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the lighter fighter has significantly more skill to the point that if there was no weight disparity the fight would be clearly unfair;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the fight is a scripted, theatrical performance rather than genuine competition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is rare to see a fair openweight competition nowadays, however, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openweight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;they were more common in the past&lt;/a&gt;. Was there any event when a significantly smaller fighter could actually overpower the heavier one in a &lt;em&gt;fair&lt;/em&gt; fight? This means that the heavier opponent did not have ridiculously large body fat percentage, the fight was not otherwise biased towards the lighter fighter to the point that if there was no weight difference it would be unfair, the fight was not scripted and there were no other loopholes I failed to predict here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB: I tagged this question mma, boxing and amateur wrestling because I'm interested in any combat sport here and that which sport has the highest chance of this happening can perhaps be considered a part of my question?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11932" LastActivityDate="2022-01-29T19:00:40.367" Title="Are there any cases when a significantly smaller person won against a heavier opponent in combat sports?" Tags="|trivia|history|boxing|mma|wrestling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2022-01-30T03:05:09.653" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27704" CreationDate="2022-01-29T19:00:40.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll give a starter of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Valuev_vs._David_Haye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valuev vs Haye&lt;/a&gt;: Valuev weighed in at 143 kg, Haye at 98 kg - or in other words, Valuev was 46% heavier than Haye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-01-29T19:00:40.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27706" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-01-30T14:10:08.900" Score="5" ViewCount="929" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jWeN8.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jWeN8.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice if the ballboy/girl is on the left they always crouch, and if they are on the right they always stand. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2022-02-06T19:08:35.657" Title="In tennis why does the ballboy/girl crouch on one side of the court and stand on the other?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27706" CreationDate="2022-01-30T15:59:13.690" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the side they stand on is next to the Referee's stand and the ballkids blend into the shape of the stand. Whereas, on the side the crouch, they do it to minimize peripheal distractions to the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23495" LastActivityDate="2022-01-30T15:59:13.690" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18768" CreationDate="2022-01-30T16:10:08.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's called a &amp;quot;split step.&amp;quot; By crouching sort of down and the jumping up, the player ignites a stored elastic energy. By timing their final short hop so they land just as the server makes contact with the ball and evenly balancing the takeoff and landing of their short hop, allows them to move either direction or stay where they are to react to the server's ball. See science of Countermovement Jumps for biomechanics, etc, but in a nutshell, it has to do with eccentric, concentric muscles and the players' fast twitch fibers. Every millisecond counts in responding and moving to the correct position to return the serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23495" LastActivityDate="2022-01-30T16:10:08.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26485" CreationDate="2022-01-31T17:57:11.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think more important questions is, is it possible/necessary to do around the net shot in badminton? Realistically, there's literally zero case where it is needed... To do around the net shot you have create enough spin to make a curve trajectory. It's possible in tennis or table tennis because they use balls. Badminton, on the other hand, uses shuttlecock which couldn't spin in its horizontal axis, hence couldn't have curve trajectory... The only possibility that a shuttle could have a curvy trajectory is due to drift, but that only happen when the shuttle is high enough (much higher than the net), so it's not really around the net... The only scenario where you can theoretically do around the net shot is when you hit the shuttle outside the double side line of the court (in badminton, the net is exactly as wide as the court) which doesn't make any sense because you would just let it out and get point...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23500" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-01-31T22:08:17.247" LastActivityDate="2022-01-31T22:08:17.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27710" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-01T16:05:26.650" Score="0" ViewCount="1293" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many games since the merger has the winning team scored more defensive touchdowns than offensive touchdowns? Extra points don't count for the defense or the offense.&#xA;Also list the game where the defense has scored the most points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastEditorUserId="20340" LastEditDate="2022-02-02T21:06:30.047" LastActivityDate="2022-02-02T21:06:30.047" Title="NFL games where defense scored more points that the offense" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27712" CreationDate="2022-02-01T17:28:26.187" Score="1" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the highest point differential that has missed the playoffs and what is the lowest point differential that has made the playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20340" LastActivityDate="2022-02-01T19:02:38.747" Title="Highest point differential that has missed the playoffs(and vice versa)Nfl" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27711" CreationDate="2022-02-01T19:02:38.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2010 Seattle Seahawks are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-2010-seattle-seahawks-worst-playoff-team-ever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;worst playoff team by point differential in NFL history&lt;/a&gt;, making the playoffs by winning their division with a 7-9 record and a -97 point differential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/sfo/1991.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 San Francisco 49ers&lt;/a&gt;, in Steve Young's first season as a starter, outscored their opponents to the tune of 154 points (and this was in the 90s, so that was &lt;em&gt;huge&lt;/em&gt; - 393 PF to 239 PA) - though much of that was scored in the final game, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199112230sfo.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;52-14 shellacking of the playoff-bound 11-5 Chicago Bears&lt;/a&gt; who did not play their starters for large portions of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-02-01T19:02:38.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27710" CreationDate="2022-02-02T15:59:39.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm fairly sure this happens on a somewhat frequent basis (particularly in the lower scoring era pre-1990s), but it's somewhat challenging to get to the exact answer as &amp;quot;defensive touchdown&amp;quot; isn't usually in the box score.  I'll edit this when I have time to pull it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's one, though, that every NFL fan from 2006 should remember... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200610160crd.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago 24, Arizona 23&lt;/a&gt;.  Zero offensive points, 2 defensive touchdowns and a special teams touchdown (plus a field goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-02-02T15:59:39.857" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27701" CreationDate="2022-02-04T06:00:20.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of boxers dislike fighting southpaw for a few reasons, main reason being is that for every ten orthodox (right handed boxer, I'll call as R from here on out) there is only one southpaw (left handed boxer, I'll call L).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistically speaking the majority of your training and sparring you will spend rounds in the ring with are R boxers, unless you hand pick your partners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boxing a L vs a R partner has some distinct differences. The main being that with matching stance (R vs R or L vs L) the jab will be lined up with your opponents head and your power will not. With opposite stances (R vs L) your power hand is lined up with your opponent and your front hand is going to be lined up with your opponent's front hand and you'll have to play around it. Front foot position plays a big role in it too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the heavyweight archives... someone like Wladimir Klitschko will play with an opponent's front hand or place his front hand over the top if they're in the opposite stance from him, not throw his jab too much and look for the big right hand. Somebody like Oleksandr Usyk will use hard hand feints, footwork angles, and hand play to find a home for the front hand working around someone with an opposite stance. You can see this when he fought Joshua, at times he would even throw a lead left (he's a L) when Joshua was fixated on his front hand and land it with regularity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard long before my day no coaches liked or knew how to train southpaws so they converted most boxers into orthodox.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tl;dnr: opposite stances you're open to the power hand, different strategy when fighting a southpaw. Like Jim Lampley (or maybe Larry Merchant..?) said &amp;quot;if you want to be a great heavyweight champion, don't fight southpaws&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2022-02-04T06:00:20.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26231" CreationDate="2022-02-04T06:11:14.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It definitely happens in fights. Even in a boxing/MMA match on straight punches you want to &amp;quot;corkscrew&amp;quot; it or turn the knuckles over, you will activate certain muscles in your shoulder and back and will help you deliver more power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough about a hundred years ago Jack Dempsey used to throw a &amp;quot;jolt&amp;quot; as he called it or a power jab without forming the knuckles over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2022-02-04T06:11:14.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26006" CreationDate="2022-02-04T06:14:57.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see a video attached but if my memory serves me correctly and it is what I think it is he was doing the &amp;quot;Ali shuffle&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastActivityDate="2022-02-04T06:14:57.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24822" CreationDate="2022-02-04T06:21:12.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have the statistics but it could be a very definite possibility. I don't know the exact cutoff for the 70s but in the 1920s the heavyweight limit started at 175lbs, and I don't believe cruiserweight was introduced until the late 70s or 80s. So a lot of guys boxing today at light heavy and cruiser would have been heavies back then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16835" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-02-26T09:51:55.033" LastActivityDate="2024-02-26T09:51:55.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27720" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-06T01:43:10.140" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;So we had an incident where a batsmen was struck on his head and his bat flew back leaving from his hands and went into his wicket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23534" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-06T02:27:30.030" LastActivityDate="2022-02-07T05:34:24.620" Title="Are you out if a bats slip from your hand and flew into striker’s wicket?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27720" CreationDate="2022-02-06T08:47:56.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming an appeal is made, yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-wicket-is-down&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29 The wicket is down&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wicket is put down if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground [...] by the striker's bat not in hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/hit-wicket&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 35 Hit wicket&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Hit wicket if, after the bowler has entered the delivery stride and while the ball is in play, his/her wicket is put down by either the striker’s bat or person [...] in any of the following circumstances: &lt;br&gt;&#xA;in the course of any action taken by him/her in preparing to receive or in receiving a delivery,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="23537" LastEditDate="2022-02-07T05:34:24.620" LastActivityDate="2022-02-07T05:34:24.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27706" CreationDate="2022-02-06T18:42:53.647" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball boys or girls crunch to reduce distraction to the players. If they stand, they have to blend into the referees stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23543" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-06T19:08:35.657" LastActivityDate="2022-02-06T19:08:35.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-07T04:05:41.937" Score="8" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, something rather unusual happened with the medals awarded in the men's pole vault competition. Ordinarily when there is a tie for second place, multiple silver medals are awarded and no bronze medals. However, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at this event six medals were awarded&lt;/a&gt;: one gold, two silver, and three bronze. I believe this is the only time there was a deviation from the standard practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some sports (Judo, Wrestling, etc.) regularly award multiple bronze medals, but for different reasons. Those sports are head-to-head and use a playoff style bracket for determining medal winners, and there can't otherwise be a tie. There can't be two gold medalists in a single boxing event, for example. And if there were some way for two boxers to tie in the gold medal match, presumably they would each be awarded a gold medal and no one would receive a silver. The regular awarding of two bronze medals does not deviated from the standard practice because those two competitors have essentially tied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard practice is you only get a gold if you were first, you only get a silver if you were beaten by just one person, and you only get a bronze if you were beaten by just two people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not considering instances where medals were awarded well after the event, e.g. Jim Thorpe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the 1908 Olympics, the men's pole vault also had a few ties. They awarded two gold and three bronze medals, only. They did not give the latter group silver medals and then award a bronze to a subsequent finisher. 1980 was the next tie in pole vault, and they awarded one gold, two silver, and no bronze. I can find no other instance where a silver medal was awarded to a competitor who was beaten by more than one person, nor where a bronze medal was given to someone who was beaten by more than two competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found a few sources discussing what happened at the pole vault event in 1912, with some even commenting that it was unusual, but I cannot find anything explaining &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; this was done. What was the reason for awarding the bronze medals in this instance? It seems to be a unique deviation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23546" LastEditorUserId="23546" LastEditDate="2022-02-09T20:59:25.167" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T20:59:25.167" Title="At the 1912 Olympics pole vault, why were bronze medals awarded when a gold and two silver were also awarded?" Tags="|history|olympics|pole-vault|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27723" CreationDate="2022-02-07T10:34:51.783" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the time, the number of successful attempts did not separate the competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Five combat sports are concerned by the awarding of two bronze medals in major competitions, and in particular at the Olympics: boxing, judo, taekwondo, wrestling and karate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule was first applied in boxing at the 1952 Games before the amateur world championships in 1974. Then, judo at the 1956 Worlds before the 1964 Olympics, then karate in 1970 and taekwondo in 1973 for the Worlds and 2000 at the Olympic level. Wrestling was the last sport to implement it, during the 2008 Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2022-02-07T10:34:51.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27725" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-07T16:09:40.653" Score="1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Cincinnati Bengals and Los Angeles Rams will be playing in Super Bowl 55. Both of these teams played the Green Bay packers in the regular season. The Packers Beat the Bengals in Week 5, and beat the Rams in week 12.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times in Super Bowl era, have the 2 teams playing in the Super Bowl had a common team in their regular season schedule who they lost to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-08T21:03:48.503" LastActivityDate="2022-02-08T21:03:48.503" Title="How many times the Super Bowl teams have both lost to a common opponent during the regular season?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|super-bowl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27756" CreationDate="2022-02-09T01:08:56.047" Score="1" ViewCount="3239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have played basketball for a decent number of years now, and watched basketball for longer than that time. What I've noticed is that Basketball teams always warm up opposite of their bench, and always are on offense opposite of their bench in the first half. What is the reason behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23557" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-09T01:11:03.063" LastActivityDate="2022-02-17T04:59:19.220" Title="Why do basketball teams warmup and start on the opposite sides of the bench?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27728" CreationDate="2022-02-09T02:49:30.187" Score="5" ViewCount="1306" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm watching the women's slalom event in the 2022 Winter Olympics, and every single skier has bent over to put their head forward as they cross the finish line. It is similar to how a runner in a track and field event will lean their body forward as they cross the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do these skiers do that? Are the rules different for alpine skiing and cross country skiing events? I know that for cross country skiing events, it's when the front tip of their ski touches the finish line that matters. So cross country skiers will push their leg forward as they cross the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T05:42:06.573" Title="When do you cross the finish line in Alpine Skiing - when your skis cross or when your head crosses?" Tags="|rules|olympics|skiing|cross-country-skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27727" CreationDate="2022-02-09T05:42:06.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does appear that the timing specifications for cross-country and alpine are slightly different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that photo finish systems (line-scan camera system) are currently only used as backup systems for FIS alpine events.  These would note when any part of the skier crossed the finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But today photocells are specified as the primary system, with both targeted below the knee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://assets.fis-ski.com/image/upload/v1633443832/fis-prod/assets/AlpineTimingbooklet-V2_60_E.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIS timing booklet (alpine)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cells must be mounted so that both beams are triggered at a height&#xA;that is lower than the knee of racers at the finish. It is recommended&#xA;that the lowermost photocell be connected to Timing System A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHX9v.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHX9v.png&quot; alt=&quot;Diagram of finish photocell placement&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This information could be out of date for the 2022 Olympics, but the &lt;a href=&quot;https://usskiandsnowboard.org/sites/default/files/files-resources/files/2021/TC%203%20STUDY%20GUIDE%2021-22.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 US Ski &amp;amp; Snowboard Advanced Timing Study Guide&lt;/a&gt; suggests that it hasn't changed yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Photo Finish timing has been approved for use at FIS events for &lt;em&gt;backup&#xA;purposes only&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard for me to tell specifically what the purpose of the skiers position is at the finish, but I wonder if they are leaning down and trying to trip the cell with their hand rather than with their leg.  On some finishes I watched, the arm was down very low compared with someone just trying to lean forward and trip with helmet or chest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I believe cross-country events are currently timed from the boot, not the ski tip.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://assets.fis-ski.com/image/upload/v1636209117/fis-prod/assets/document-library/data-timing/timing-cross-country-nordic-combined.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Timing Booklet&#xA;Cross-Country&#xA;Nordic Combined (Cross-Country)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Electronic timing&#xA;The following electronic timing technologies can be used to identify the official finish&#xA;times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Electronic timing system based on photocells. The measuring point of the light or&#xA;photo barrier must be at a height of 25 cm above the snow surface.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Photo finish system. The measuring point will be the toe of the first boot meeting&#xA;the finish line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T05:42:06.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27730" CreationDate="2022-02-09T16:43:56.960" Score="0" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;Olympic stones seem to have 2 green lights on it, and it would be weird to have 2 dels light up if there are nothing else electronically speaking in the stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what are the electronics in the stone, and what do they serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T16:51:33.980" Title="Curling stones: There seems to be an electronic thing in the stone, why?" Tags="|curling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27729" CreationDate="2022-02-09T16:51:33.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_on_the_Hog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eye on the Hog&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;. It enforces the requirement that the stone must be released before the hog line to be valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-02-09T16:51:33.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-09T18:46:54.147" Score="1" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that this is VERY dependent on the specific sporting event, but I was hoping to find some representative averages and ranges ... beyond somewhere between a few times-per-day &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the event and few times-per-minute &lt;em&gt;during&lt;/em&gt; the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also would be interesting to analyze the odds-change-frequency differences...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between various sports (basketball vs football vs soccer, etc),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;between different levels within a sport (pros vs college), and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;varying competitiveness within the game (even-ish odds vs longshot/heavy-favorite).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23558" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-09T18:52:35.390" LastActivityDate="2022-07-13T23:07:35.687" Title="How often does a betting-house's odds change for a given event 1) before and 2) during the event?" Tags="|statistics|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27733" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-10T17:00:42.903" Score="1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watchіng the Olympіcs, and the broadcast team durіng the skі jumpіng event mentіoned a &amp;quot;suit violation.&amp;quot; At fіrst, I thought they meant &amp;quot;wardrobe malfunctіon.&amp;quot; However, іt actually cost Japan a medal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/japanese-ski-jumper-apologizes-suit-violation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ski jumping has complex and controversial rules that link suit size and ski length to bodyweight in an attempt to remove any advantage that might be gained by athletes being lighter and tiny weight changes can have a significant impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does suit size and/or ski length that constitute a suit violation provide advantages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23564" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-02-10T18:39:21.720" LastActivityDate="2022-02-10T23:10:15.473" Title="What іs a suіt vіolatіon? How do they provide advantages?" Tags="|olympics|skiing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27733" CreationDate="2022-02-10T23:10:15.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, the suits can provide buoyancy and aerodynamic advantage - ie, they help the ski jumpers stay in the air longer.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbsnews.com/news/winter-olympics-2014-the-fine-line-between-innovation-and-technological-doping/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This CBS News article goes into some detail&lt;/a&gt;.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to current rules, at least 40 liters of air must be able to pass through the fabric, so that the suits cannot hold too much air or become buoyant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, extra fabric provides an advantage as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Too much fabric also offered an advantage. &amp;quot;Adding that surface area to your flight position can make 10 meters difference,&amp;quot; says Johnson. In the early 2000s, the suits &amp;quot;changed at least once a year or twice for three years while they experimented with trying to come up with the optimal suit for safety and fairness.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ski length affects &lt;a href=&quot;https://newtoski.com/short-vs-long-skis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;how fast the skier is able to travel on the snow&lt;/a&gt; - longer skis make you go faster - and the big problem there is that faster skiers run more risk of injury or death.  The aerodynamics also contributes here, as skiers want to go faster to jump further, but the skintight suits mean they land faster, also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But tighter suits required the skiers to travel faster in order to jump as far. And since they started skiing faster, there have been more injuries. After this year's Olympics, Johnson says, FIS will be looking into overall safety of the skintight suits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-02-10T23:10:15.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27737" CreationDate="2022-02-11T18:17:21.440" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've watched a lot of halfpіpe snowboarding іn the past but have no recollectіon of any reference to a &amp;quot;hіt&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This year, іt seems as though іt's standard јargon that any enthusіast should know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly іs a &amp;quot;hіt&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bm3ot.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bm3ot.png&quot; alt=&quot;TV screenshot of statistics indicating &amp;quot;hіts&amp;quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23571" LastEditorDisplayName="user23571" LastEditDate="2022-02-11T21:38:01.273" LastActivityDate="2022-02-11T21:38:01.273" Title="What's a hіt іn halfpіpe?" Tags="|terminology|olympics|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27736" CreationDate="2022-02-11T19:15:15.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the number of times that the competitor reaches the side and performs a trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://theconversation.com/what-makes-a-winning-halfpipe-snowboarder-like-scotty-james-91833&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;theconversation.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The halfpipe event consists of three runs lasting around 20-30&#xA;seconds, and involves between six and eight “hits” of the pipe. A&#xA;“hit” is an aerial trick (jump, rotation and twist) off the top of the&#xA;pipe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does seem like the usage feels &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; enough that I think many lists of snowboard jargon don't feel the need to include it.  But &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/snowboarding-glossary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;REI&lt;/a&gt; placed it in their glossary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hit: The takeoff point on a half-pipe or jump.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-02-11T20:36:59.173" LastActivityDate="2022-02-11T20:36:59.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27738" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-12T00:05:35.953" Score="2" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a casual Olympіcs vіewer, and I watched what I thought was fіgure skatіng. I remember watchіng the lіkes of Mіchelle Kwan, Sarah Hughes, and Evan Lysachek.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I was watchіng &amp;quot;fіgure skatіng&amp;quot; the other nіght, and the commentators were callіng іt &amp;quot;іce dancіng.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I dіdn't notіce a dіfference between the two at a glance, so how іs іce dance dіfferent than figure skatіng?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23571" LastActivityDate="2022-02-12T09:21:50.740" Title="How іs іce dance dіfferent than figure skatіng?" Tags="|olympics|figure-skating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27738" CreationDate="2022-02-12T09:21:50.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At a high level, figure skating is more technical and ice dance is more artistic. While there are still artistic elements to figure skating and technical aspects to ice dance, the balance between those elements is very different; to a very real extent, ice dance can be thought of as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballroom_dance&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ballroom dance&lt;/a&gt; where the dance floor has been changed to ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the two most readily apparent differences between figure skating and ice dance are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ice dance is always performed in pairs, while figure skating can be done individually or in pairs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jumps and throws and not allowed in ice dance; they are exclusively figure skating skills.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but they are by no means the only differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-02-12T09:21:50.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27742" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-13T02:56:44.393" Score="3" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the following graphic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R35mw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R35mw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;5-star recruits in Super Bowl 56&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any data that correlates 5-star recruits to pro career trajectory? How accurate is the recruiting rating system among the recruiting services (eg, 247sports, ESPN, et al.)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious to see if recruiting rating a strong indicator of pro career trajectory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23578" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2022-02-13T22:37:22.987" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T03:08:06.000" Title="Is recruiting rating a strong indicator of pro career trajectory?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collegiate|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-13T05:33:10.033" Score="0" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a phrase call LeGM where Lebron is joked to trade you if you perform badly.  Does Lebron James or other influential players have a say on who to trade for or who they want on their team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-02-21T16:19:14.747" LastActivityDate="2022-02-23T16:45:59.657" Title="Does Lebron James have a say in roster trades" Tags="|basketball|nba|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27743" CreationDate="2022-02-13T07:32:53.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it depends what you mean by &amp;quot;a say&amp;quot;. Teams always want to keep their superstars happy. One way to do that is to ensure they have the players they want around them, so teams will certainly ask their star players for their opinions on things, in much the same way as they'll talk to the coach. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/33250361/los-angeles-lakers-feel-urgency-make-changes-trade-deadline-nears&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this recent ESPN article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;James had a hand in Los Angeles' roster construction in the offseason, consulting with Rob Pelinka, Lakers vice president of basketball operations and general manager, on everything from the Westbrook trade with the Washington Wizards to free-agent signings, sources told ESPN. Pelinka will continue to collaborate with James leading up to the deadline in an attempt to improve the Lakers' chances of a deep run this season, sources told ESPN.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the final decision always sits with the GM.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-02-13T07:32:53.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1767" CreationDate="2022-02-13T10:07:57.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, a cynical foul is said when a defending player sticks a leg out intentionally or pulls on an attacker's shirt to prevent him running through on goal. I suppose in terms of rugby, it means he cynically knocked the ball on with the full intention of committing the infringement, knowing full well he was preventing a try. I suppose in both sports, any foul committed intentionally could be classed as being cynical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23581" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-02-13T15:42:35.087" LastActivityDate="2022-02-13T15:42:35.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-13T20:40:25.363" Score="0" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I found some info about the Ice River track, on steepness (68°, seems absurd, and I could not verify) and vertical drop (424m), I’m wondering about the length of the track, esp. for Giant Slalom. Does anybody know? Can’t find it on Wikipedia or the official 2022 Winter Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that it takes skiers some 1.03 min to get down and that their speed is roughly 40m/s (a total guess), this would give a ballpark figure of 2.6km. But from what I’m seeing on live coverage, that doesn’t seem right. Also, that wouldn’t sit right with the assumed 68° decay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m mainly curious since I’d like to figure out how fast the Olympic skiers were going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23579" LastEditorUserId="23579" LastEditDate="2022-02-14T22:17:28.250" LastActivityDate="2022-02-14T22:17:28.250" Title="How long is men’s Giant Slalom at the Olympics (Ice River)" Tags="|olympics|skiing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27731" CreationDate="2022-02-13T22:24:24.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll speak for soccer as I have some experience of delving into the stats and odds for that sport. On Betting Exchanges the odds can be changing by the second during a game, that is a good place to get visibility of the changes. Websites like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddsportal.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.oddsportal.com/&lt;/a&gt; are good places to go and see what the markets were doing before games started, it has info on all the major sports. For stats about odds during games it is harder to find the odds info and crucially the reasons for those changes in odds, beyond goals, red cards etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a game is televised then that can affect the frequency of the odds change but for the major leagues in any sport that is increasingly becoming a null point because every game pretty much is televised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Odds before a game can change by up to 10% but they tend to go in one direction (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oddsportal.com/soccer/england/league-one/burton-cambridge-utd-YTdJ5Juc/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see here&lt;/a&gt;, it is quite common for a team to be given odds of 45% chance of winning to go to 55% chance of winning at kick off. It is pretty rare for the team to go from 45 to 55 and then back to 45 before kick off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Changing sports, for the upcoming Superbowl, taken from oddsportal, below are the odds for the Los Angeles Rams from bet365. On the 31st Jan the bookie said they had a 65% chance of winning (100/1.54), now on the 13th Feb bet365 are saying they have a 68% chance of winning. I am not trying to make any point with that, just that that is the kind of info you'll find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yNZoj.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yNZoj.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2022-02-13T22:24:24.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1671" CreationDate="2022-02-14T19:43:15.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Italian there is the term &amp;quot;Catena di assicurazione&amp;quot; that I can literally translate in &amp;quot;Belaying chain&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;chain&amp;quot; does not mean &amp;quot;a series of linked metal rings&amp;quot;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; but it means &amp;quot;a sequence of items&amp;quot;, the items are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Climber&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Climbing harness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rope (and knots)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anchor(s)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Belay device&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quickdraw(s)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carabiners&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the the key of this model is to pay attention to the mixing of &amp;quot;rigid&amp;quot; item (like for example a metal made one) with &amp;quot;elastic&amp;quot; item like the so called &amp;quot;dynamic ropes&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;A chain can be indeed used as a part of an anchor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23597" LastEditorUserId="23597" LastEditDate="2022-02-15T15:15:01.027" LastActivityDate="2022-02-15T15:15:01.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27751" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-15T22:08:36.740" Score="2" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rugby, if the ball carrier is running at high speed, and then passes the ball to a player behind them, the ball might still actually travel forwards due to the the momentum of the passer, but end up behind them, and the recipient still be behind them when they receive it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this happens, is this considered a forward pass? i.e. does the referee look at the flight of the ball relative to the pitch, or relative to the player who passed the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if it's the passer, what if the passer stopped running when they released the ball? Now it would appear to move forward relative to them, and appear as a forward pass even though the pass would be the exact same if they had continued running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T12:06:41.380" Title="Is a forward pass measured relative to the passer or the pitch?" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27751" CreationDate="2022-02-15T22:38:31.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For Union, &amp;quot;Forward&amp;quot; is defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/definitions#laws_let6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;definitions of the Laws&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forward: Towards the opposition’s dead-ball line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant law is then &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/11/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;11.7 Throw Forward&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player must not intentionally throw or pass the ball forward. Sanction: Penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this, it is clear that any pass which is towards the opposition's dead ball line is a forward pass, so &amp;quot;relative to the pitch&amp;quot; in your terminology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;League simply defines &amp;quot;Forward Pass&amp;quot; in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rugby-league.com/governance/rules-and-regulations/laws-of-the-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;glossary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forward Pass is a throw towards the opponent's dead ball line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, note no reference to the player, it is all to the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-02-15T22:38:31.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27754" CreationDate="2022-02-16T03:24:03.470" Score="1" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the article &lt;em&gt;Speed Play&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ustfccca.org/coaching-central/techniques-magazine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Techniques&lt;/em&gt; magazine&lt;/a&gt; Volume 15, number 3 (February 2022) and encountered the following quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explositivity is underpinned by a collection of neuromuscular factors including, but not limited to motor-unit typing, intra- and inter-muscular coordination, rate-coding and neural drive, whic hcollectively work to actualize sprint-movement characteristics. Because of their role in rate and magnitude of force development, these neuromuscular factors serve as prerequisites for proper mechanical actions within critical time frames. For example, sprinters who initiate GC with a stance phase that is more proximal to the center of mass at top-speed are more likely to conserve energy and prioritize elastic behavior through the SSC, a rapid and forceful lengthening of muscle-tendon complex followed by an immediate shortening or contraction (Komi, 2008).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What, exactly, are GC and SSC in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13380" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T10:20:30.677" Title="What do GC and SSC mean in the context of sprinting?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27753" CreationDate="2022-02-16T09:26:56.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;SSC is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scienceforsport.com/stretch-shortening-cycle/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stretch Shortening Cycle&lt;/a&gt;.  Imagine a spring being compressed before it pops up - that's the SSC phase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per Philip Kendall, GC most likely stands for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/gait-cycle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gait Cycle&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-02-16T10:20:30.677" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T10:20:30.677" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27751" CreationDate="2022-02-16T12:06:41.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB:&lt;/strong&gt; This answer is based around Rugby Union&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it seems pretty clear-cut in the Laws, as pointed out in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/27752/6216&quot;&gt;Philips's anwser&lt;/a&gt;, there is actually some contention around this - with referees appearing to make the decision based on whether the ball leaves the passer's hands backwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because, as you pointed out in the question, the pass could be made backwards relative to the passer and receiver, but travel forwards because of player momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, in a seeming contradiction of their own Laws, World Rugby have a video on their official YouTube channel explaining this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/box08lq9ylg?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video is admittedly a little old (from 2011), however &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/news/519168&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in an article on World Rugby's website&lt;/a&gt;, published before the Quarter Finals of the 2019 World Cup, referee Wayne Barnes says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] the forward pass is the most straightforward to explain. As English referee Wayne Barnes, [...] put it: “&lt;strong&gt;It’s not about the direction that the ball eventually ends up, it’s about the direction it’s travelling in as it leaves the hands. So, when a TMO comes in, the referees are looking at the hands and the ball.&lt;/strong&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T12:06:41.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27726" CreationDate="2022-02-16T14:45:47.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BR22.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules-yellow/2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aabpr.org/multimedia/documents/NFHS%20Rule%20Book%202017-18.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFHS&lt;/a&gt; have this built into their rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;S1, A2: ... Each team shall warm up and shoot during the first half at the basket&#xA;farthest from its bench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;S21, A4: Teams shall warm up at the end of the playing court farthest from their&#xA;own bench for the first half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIBA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;R4, A9.5: Before the first and third quarter, teams are entitled to warm-up in the half of the playing court in which their opponents' basket is located.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NFHS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;R2, S5, A4: Each team’s basket for practice before the game and for the&#xA;first half shall be the one farther from its team bench&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23606" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-02-17T04:59:19.220" LastActivityDate="2022-02-17T04:59:19.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27758" CreationDate="2022-02-16T19:18:28.887" Score="2" ViewCount="686" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the segment from 1:22 to 1:28 of the video at &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/sportsnet/status/1469495840079327233&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/sportsnet/status/1469495840079327233&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These events occurred in this order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacking player A0 is in the attacking zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An attacking player A1 possesses the puck in the neutral zone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A1 causes the puck to completely cross the blue line into the attacking zone, without touching it after it has crossed the blue line.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A0 leaves the attacking zone, causing the attacking team to &amp;quot;tag up&amp;quot; and become onside.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A1 touches the puck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If A1 had touched the puck before A0 left the attacking zone, it is clearly offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which of the following rulings is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is a delayed offside because A1 did not touch the puck in the attacking zone, but the delayed offside is nullified after the team tags up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is an offside immediately when A1 caused the puck to cross the blue line while his team is offside, just because A1 possessed the puck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linesman ruled the first one. The referees ruled the second. The NHL Senior Executive Vice President &lt;a href=&quot;https://media.nhl.com/public/news/15515&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Colin Campbell later said the first ruling is correct&lt;/a&gt;. Who is right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how is &amp;quot;possession and control&amp;quot; defined? Is simply being the last player to touch the puck enough to be in possession of it? But this would be inconsistent with the fact that shooting the puck across the blue line such that it is far away from the player would create a delayed offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23611" LastEditorUserId="23611" LastEditDate="2022-02-16T19:32:34.187" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T23:11:48.447" Title="In NHL, can an attacking player possess the puck without touching it during delayed offside?" Tags="|rules|officiating|ice-hockey|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27757" CreationDate="2022-02-16T23:11:48.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unsurprisingly, Colin Campbell is right, as you'd expect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cms.nhl.bamgrid.com/images/assets/binary/326142322/binary-file/file.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 NHL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 83 (Off-sides), delayed off-sides:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;83.3 Delayed Off-side – A situation where an attacking player (or players) has preceded the puck across the attacking blue line, but the defending team is in a position to bring the puck back out of its defending zone without any delay or contact with an attacking player, or, the attacking players are in the process of clearing the attacking zone.&#xA;If an off-side call is delayed, the Linesman shall drop his arm to nullify the off-side violation and allow play to continue if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) All players of the offending team clear the zone at the same instant (skate contact with the blue line) permitting the attacking players to re-enter the attacking zone, or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) The defending team passes or carries the puck into the neutral zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, during the course of the delayed off-side, any member of the attacking team touches the puck, attempts to gain possession of a loose puck, forces the defending puck carrier further back into his own zone, or who is about to make physical contact with the defending puck carrier, the Linesman shall stop play for the off-side violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific action the player would take that would cause the off-sides whistle to be correct is to touch the puck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At 1:25, you can see the player at the top of the screen last touches the puck on the blue line (so, not yet off-sides).  At 1:26, you can see for a brief moment all three attacking players are on-side (their skates are at least touching or over the blue line's leading edge, or the edge closest to the goal).  It's very brief - less than half of a second, and by centimeters - and I could see another person seeing this differently - but that's why Campbell uses the words &amp;quot;could not definitively determine&amp;quot;.  In my eyes they're on-side, and at minimum clearly not definitively off-sides (which would be required for overturning the goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that your distinction is not quite right.  The delayed off-sides doesn't only happen when the attacking player is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; possessing the puck.  It can also happen when the attacking players do possess the puck, but are clearing the zone, and don't actually touch the puck - even if it's under their control (just as long as they don't touch it, which is of course challenging).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-02-16T23:11:48.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16736" CreationDate="2022-02-18T16:29:26.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you would WIN the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The service is completed as soon as hit the other side of the table (2.6.3) and then it has to be struck to be a valid return (2.7.1 and 2.10.1.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.6 THE SERVICE&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.6.3 ... the server shall strike it (the ball) so that it &lt;strong&gt;touches first his or her court and then touches directly the receiver's court&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.7 THE RETURN&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.7.1 The ball, having been served or returned, &lt;strong&gt;shall be struck&lt;/strong&gt; so that it touches the opponent's court, either directly or after&#xA;touching the net assembly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.10 A POINT&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2.10.1.2 if an opponent &lt;strong&gt;fails to make a correct return&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://documents.ittf.sport/sites/default/files/public/2022-02/ITTF_HB_2022_clean_v1_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The International Table Tennis Federation Handbook 2022&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/handbook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;International Table Tennis Federation Documents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17381" LastActivityDate="2022-02-18T16:29:26.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-21T10:28:06.463" Score="1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Online sources tend to advice a floorball stick to end a few (2-4) centimeters above the navel when held straight vertically in front of the body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in a team I recently joined (a reasonably good amateur team) almost all players use a stick that is longer (about 5-10cm above the navel).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trying out sticks myself I also prefer the &amp;quot;too long&amp;quot; stick. But this could simply be because I have recently been playing which such a stick and have gotten used to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the advice outdated or wrong?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Is it important to learn to play with a stick within the recommended length range?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.: I am 1.82 cm. I believe a 96cm stick would be recommended. A 100cm or even 104 cm stick seems to fit me better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23636" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2022-02-22T01:56:59.763" LastActivityDate="2022-02-22T01:56:59.763" Title="Floorball stick size" Tags="|equipment|floorball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2022-02-23T01:28:43.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the most important parts of serve receive is watching exactly what the server does ..how they approach the ball where they strike it, what type of a contact .. spin or floater. Etc with the height of the players today and say three players grouped together at the net it can be very difficult to see the server .. the defensive player does have to move to see the server but not way out of their normal serve receive position. Unfortunately there are coaches that use the fact that this violation is rarely called and will even stack the back row player in line with the server ..  the balls trajectory is critical. It is hard for the referee to call this however there are specific times when the ball goes directly over the screening players and no effort has been made by the player to leave a space between themselves ..  I don't call it like I used to.. but when I did I mentioned it in the first team meeting and I suggested for the players to leave a body space between themselves or bend over when transitioning ... The tough thing is when you call it, it needs to be a really good example of a screen and then you are on line for the rest of the game for not missing anything .. because you have raised the bar ..  if a defensive team complains .. Advise the captain and then if they don't make adjustments call it!  Also for the those writing the rules if it is rarely called consider taking it out of the book! I think it is a valid call because there is an unfair advantage. Trainers need to train referees to call it and inform coaches it will be called if you don't want a backlash from the coaches when it gets called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23643" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T03:49:15.173" LastActivityDate="2022-02-23T03:49:15.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27768" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-23T22:27:07.717" Score="3" ViewCount="2649" Body="&lt;p&gt;James Harden popularized the double stepback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, it's called a travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/XRwtyo6lEX4?start=10&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/L7vK3kaz5TQ?start=1&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, it's not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/8zpmigCh0Aw?start=2&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/KwURriH4fxw?start=3&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the double stepback legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23651" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-23T22:47:42.023" LastActivityDate="2022-08-10T17:08:57.487" Title="How is the double stepback legal?" Tags="|rules|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27770" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27789" CreationDate="2022-02-24T21:06:02.607" Score="3" ViewCount="463" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule 2.6.4 from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2017_ITTF_Handbook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITTF handbook&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above&#xA;the level of the playing surface and behind the server's end line, and&#xA;it shall not be hidden from the receiver by the server or his or her&#xA;doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been told that the ball can't be out wide on either side even if it is behind the server's end line. Is that wrong?  Can you serve from as far out wide as you like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23401" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-03-02T11:39:49.220" LastActivityDate="2022-08-17T10:03:43.773" Title="Where can you serve from the sides in table tennis?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27771" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-26T01:15:19.980" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;A post on a college basketball Facebook page claims that Mike Dunleavy, Jr. (Duke) was the Most Valuable Player of the 2001 NCAA Men's Basketball Torunament &lt;strong&gt;championship game&lt;/strong&gt;.  I've scoured the internet trying to find some support for this assertion and find nothing to support it.  Shane Battier was the MOP of the Final Four and that is the only reference I can find to any Outstanding or Valuable player.  However, the moderator of the page is adamant that there are separate awards for the tournament's Most Outstanding Player (Battier) and the championship game's Most Valuable Player.  He did post a claim made on Alamy.com (a stock photo site) but Alamy hardly seems to be a credible information site.  Any thoughts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23655" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-02-26T02:01:55.043" LastActivityDate="2022-07-26T17:05:50.540" Title="Was Mike Dunleavy, Jr. (Duke) the Most Valuable Player of the 2001 NCAA Men's Basketball Torunament championship game?" Tags="|trivia|basketball|collegiate|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26570" CreationDate="2022-02-26T02:04:02.950" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 757 goals come from 3 different main categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Domestic tournaments, international tournaments and from the Brazilian national team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Domestic tournaments, Pele is said to have scored 656 goals from 702 matches, 24 international goals in 18 matches, and 77 goals for Brazil in 92 matches. This totals up to 757 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pele scored the goals in different ways as well. Santos (Pele's club) claims that he scored 643 official goals, and 77 goals for Brazil. The remaining 37 goals comes from the New York Cosmos, at the end of his career in USA. This totals up to the 757 goals as well. (Thank you Kerk).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20721" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-03-23T04:51:47.560" LastActivityDate="2023-03-23T04:51:47.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27771" CreationDate="2022-02-26T17:01:01.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such award as &amp;quot;Championship Game MVP&amp;quot;.  The NCAA awards the Most Outstanding Player (not Most Valuable Player) for the tournament, sometimes called &amp;quot;Final Four Most Outstanding Player&amp;quot;, but there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/awards/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no &amp;quot;Most Valuable Player&amp;quot; for any part of the NCAA tournament&lt;/a&gt;.  The NIT does award a &amp;quot;Most Valuable Player&amp;quot; for the NIT tournament, but again it is for the entire tournament and not for a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, it's certainly possible that any individual could make an argument for Dunleavy Jr., Battier, or any other player being the Most Valuable Player for a particular game; but they would be making it as a subjective evaluation, not as an award.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(That aside, Battier probably would have won the MVP for the individual game as well - while Dunleavy had more points, Battier's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/boxscores/2001-04-02-arizona.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;line of 18p/11r/6a&lt;/a&gt; is much better than Duleavy's line of 21/3/0 by most definitions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-02-26T17:01:01.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-27T20:11:37.140" Score="1" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am attempting to clean a data set of NFL Combine performances; because some values of the data set are physically impossible, I would like to know the best and worst performances in the combine (to eliminate data that is not within this range). Obtaining data for the best performances in the combine is simple. Obtaining data for the worst performances in the combine, however, has proven difficult; I have searched through multiple websites with no luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the slowest twenty-yard shuttle in the NFL Combine of all time, and by who?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the shortest vertical in the NFL Combine of all time, and by who?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the shortest broad jump in the NFL Combine of all time, and by who?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23660" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-02-27T23:53:25.250" LastActivityDate="2022-03-30T00:03:20.440" Title="NFL Combine Worst Performances" Tags="|american-football|statistics|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27775" CreationDate="2022-02-27T20:54:43.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;After some digging, I manually searched through Pro Football Reference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The slowest twenty-yard shuttle in the NFL Combine is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/draft/2011-combine.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5.56 seconds by Isaiah Thompson in 2011&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The shortest vertical in the NFL Combine is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/draft/2015-combine.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;17.5 inches by Josue Matias in 2015&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The shortest broad jump in the NFL Combine is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/draft/2006-combine.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;74 inches by Stefon Wheeler in 2006&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23660" LastActivityDate="2022-02-27T20:54:43.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-02-28T07:57:42.873" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;These include offenses that are committed during the game, but not penalized by the referee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Feigning an injury&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Obstructing the vision of the referee during a key moment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Damaging the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fighting with teammates&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A constant cycle of having the keeper throw the ball to a teammate and having a teammate head it back to the keeper's hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By post match repercussions I imply disciplinary actions taken by the football association against the player(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20092" LastActivityDate="2022-02-28T09:05:34.933" Title="In football, are there any post-match repercussions for not upholding the spirit of the game?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27777" CreationDate="2022-02-28T09:05:34.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The crucial question here is &amp;quot;did the referee see the incident?&amp;quot;; if the referee saw the incident, then there is nothing that can be done; this falls under the principle of the &amp;quot;the referee's decision is final&amp;quot;. If the referee did not see the incident, then governing bodies will take action as they see fit under their &amp;quot;bringing the game into disrepute&amp;quot; regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that everything in your list should be penalised by the referee if they see it; the fourth is a sending off for violent conduct (perhaps most famously, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Bowyer#Newcastle_United&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lee Bowyer&lt;/a&gt;), and all the rest would be at least a caution for unsporting conduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-02-28T09:05:34.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27779" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-01T23:06:51.033" Score="2" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;Phil Mickelson has lost longtime sponsors &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportico.com/leagues/golf/2022/mickelson-sponsor-kpmg-flees-lefty-saudis-comments-1234666400/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KPMG, Amstel Light; Workday&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2022/02/25/phil-mickelson-callaway-pause-partnership-saudi-pga-tour/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Callaway&lt;/a&gt; paused their endorsement with him. This apparently has something to do with calling out the PGA tour for being greedy over media rights (eg, the PGA Tour received &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.golfdigest.com/story/phil-mickelson-pga-tour-media-rights-obnoxious-greed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;$30,000 per second&lt;/a&gt; when they played highlights of Phil).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phil was apparently using a &lt;a href=&quot;https://golf.com/news/greg-norman-saudi-golf-league-10-questions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;golf league&lt;/a&gt; led by Greg Norman as leverage toward the PGA Tour. He is disgruntled, so he's forcing change by using this golf league - that makes sense. Competition from other leagues (in pro sports in general) is short-lived, but some changes do take place within the primary league of the sport, so this isn't too farfetched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why the uproar? Why are sponsors dropping left and right over these comments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23664" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-03-03T07:06:11.247" LastActivityDate="2022-03-03T07:06:11.247" Title="What did Phil Mickelson say about the PGA?" Tags="|golf|pga-tour|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27779" CreationDate="2022-03-02T08:21:38.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The issue isn't so much what Mickelson said about the PGA (everybody knows it's a business), but how he is/was prepared to abandon any sense of ethics in order to make money. The damning comments came from &lt;a href=&quot;https://firepitcollective.com/the-truth-about-phil-and-saudi-arabia/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an currently unpublished biography of him by Alan Shipnuck&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We know they killed Khashoggi and have a horrible record on human rights. They execute people over there for being gay. Knowing all of this, why would I even consider it? Because this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to reshape how the PGA Tour operates. [...] And the Saudi money has finally given us that leverage.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Shipnuck's biography is unauthorised, Mickelson has not denied making those comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-03-02T08:21:38.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26566" CreationDate="2022-03-02T10:39:56.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;, you are allowed to set the ball over the net &lt;em&gt;anyway&lt;/em&gt; you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told many times before that you cannot purposely set a ball over the net unless your back or front are parallel to the net&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the person who told you so, was referring to Beach-volleyball.&#xA;It matches the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB-BeachVolleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v05.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB-Beach rule 13.2.5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N.B. : As a back row setter, you cannot block, attack, set or hit the ball at all &lt;strong&gt;above the net&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21654" LastEditorUserId="21654" LastEditDate="2022-08-01T13:54:51.243" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T13:54:51.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27784" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-05T05:29:44.633" Score="1" ViewCount="604" Body="&lt;p&gt;It just seems to be weirdly specific for a bowler to only bowl one type of spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't there a strategic advantage in being able to spin the ball both ways and therefore can surprise the batsmen? Is there a technical reason why a spin bowler would only focus on one type of spin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastActivityDate="2022-04-04T18:32:27.947" Title="Why are spin bowler classed as either an off spin or leg spin bowler?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27784" CreationDate="2022-03-05T07:58:37.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing to remember here is that what is traditionally described as &amp;quot;leg spin&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;off spin&amp;quot; is actually a description of the technique used to spin the ball: leg spinners use the wrist to impart spin, while off spinners use the fingers. They are completely different techniques, which is why bowlers typically do only one or the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, both wrist spinners and finger spinners have always had variations which do spin differently from the their stock ball. While for a right-armed wrist spinner the stock ball turns from right to left as viewed by the bowler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googly&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;googly&lt;/a&gt; turns from left to right.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topspinner&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;topspinner&lt;/a&gt; has no significant turn but instead has extra bounce, aiming to induce an error from a batter who expects the ball to turn when it does not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipper_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;flipper&lt;/a&gt; is the inverse of the topspinner and has no significant turn but instead less bounce.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are then also balls with mixed spin, for example the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slider_(cricket)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;slider&lt;/a&gt; which is a combination of the stock ball's sidespin and the flipper's backspin. As you can see from all those, wrist spinners already have the ability to spin the ball so that the axis of rotation is pointing in almost any direction&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finger spinners have traditionally had less variation; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;arm ball&lt;/a&gt; was for many years essentially the only variation, again achieving success due to the lack of turn rather than turning significantly in the opposite direction. In recent years, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosra&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;doosra&lt;/a&gt;, which does genuinely turn in the opposite direction to the finger spinner's stock ball, has been invented, along with controversy and changes to the Laws as to whether it can be bowled legally or not. Finger spinners have also been experimenting with other techniques, most notably the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrom_ball&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;carrom ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;tl;dr: spinners do spin the ball in &amp;quot;both&amp;quot; directions, they just do it via different techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;1. Any direction with the axis of rotation parallel to the ground anyway - i.e. pitch and roll in aeronautical terms. No spinner can produce any significant amount of &quot;yaw&quot; spin with the axis of rotation perpendicular to the ground just because of the way the arm works.&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-03-05T07:58:37.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-06T01:55:02.220" Score="0" ViewCount="1895" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the record for most consecutive balls (not intentional) thrown by a pitcher in the MLB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23678" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-03-06T06:07:15.037" LastActivityDate="2022-04-05T07:05:20.510" Title="What is the record for most consecutive non-intentional pitches called balls?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27786" CreationDate="2022-03-06T06:03:54.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most likely, this record is unknowable, as Major League Baseball has only kept pitch-by-pitch records since 1988.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the much lower quality of play in the early 1900s, games such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-almanac.com/box-scores/boxscore.php?boxid=190908281CHA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Washington Senators' loss to the Chicago White Sox in 1909&lt;/a&gt;, where the box score records 11 walks by Dolly Gray, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-almanac.com/recbooks/walks_by_pitchers_records.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;eight of which were in a single inning&lt;/a&gt;, would be a good candidate - eight straight walks seem to likely have a pretty long strikeless streak in them (especially as players quickly learn to stop swinging at pitches).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the modern-day candidate for this record is from a game between &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/KCA/KCA200204060.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kansas City and the Chicago White Sox in 2002&lt;/a&gt;.  In the 8th inning, Miguel Ascencio came in to pitch already down 9-0, in his major league debut, and walked (to lead off the inning!) Kenny Lofton, Ray Durham, Frank Thomas, and Magglio Ordoñez, all on 4 pitches, for 16 consecutive balls.  He was then removed, and Paul Konerko was walked on a 4-1 count by the pitcher to follow him, Cory Bailey; that went 3-0, then a called strike, then another ball.  (One note: MLB doesn't really differentiate intentional balls from accidental ones, with the sole exception of intentional walks; none of these were recorded as an intentional walk.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So depending on whether you're looking at pitches thrown by a single pitcher or not, 16 or 19 is a pretty good candidate for it.  But it's very possible this was not the record, and instead Dolly Gray or someone else from the early 1900s holds the actual record - but that will never be known.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-03-06T06:03:54.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27770" CreationDate="2022-03-09T12:07:50.593" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are clear, and there is nothing to prohibit serving from out wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However from a practical standpoint there is no reason to want to do so.  Serving from such a wide position will mean that the server finds it difficult/impossible to recover to a good position to be ready for their next shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, the further the server is from the table, the more difficult it becomes to control the length and height of the serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10574" LastActivityDate="2022-03-09T12:07:50.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27791" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-12T23:41:46.880" Score="2" ViewCount="531" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOgfoEGUDCA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; teaches how to pass through a volleyball bump. However, I noticed that the ball hits very close to the man's wrists, not much on his forearm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where should the ball be hit correctly on your arm, as to prevent blood spots and bruising? Can these be prevented with perfect form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-03-13T02:16:23.267" LastActivityDate="2023-06-24T17:59:17.700" Title="Where should the volleyball hit your arms in a bump?" Tags="|technique|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27791" CreationDate="2022-03-13T12:12:46.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video you've linked to &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/gOgfoEGUDCA?t=197&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;answers this question itself at around the 3:17 mark&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want to contact the ball just above where you would wear a watch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will this prevent bruising? No. Your forearms will toughen as you play regularly; if you take time off over the summer (or play beach with its lower pressure ball), you'll discover going back to the indoor ball at the start of the season probably does hurt for a bit, but it should go away after the first few practice sessions. If it doesn't, talk to your coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-03-13T12:12:46.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27793" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27794" CreationDate="2022-03-14T08:27:16.783" Score="2" ViewCount="903" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does matchday in football (soccer) mean the day a match was scheduled or the day it was played? Also how can a matchday occur on two different days? For ex- matchday 25 below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1KxhR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1KxhR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PRQkp.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PRQkp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23700" LastActivityDate="2022-03-14T09:14:04.637" Title="What do you mean by a matchday in football?" Tags="|football|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27793" CreationDate="2022-03-14T09:14:04.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Matchday is not just a single day (although it &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; happen that all games are played on a single day). It is usually a weekend where all teams play once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A championship (or at least the major ones) has every club playing each other club twice, which ends in a total of 34 games in the Bundesliga (I'm using the BL to answer because your screenshot is about that one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also means there are 9 games per round/weekend (18 clubs playing = 9 games). &lt;strong&gt;This set of 9 games is a matchday&lt;/strong&gt; and 34 matchdays are a season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example this one from this weekend is from Friday to Sunday:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FAaRB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FAaRB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2022-03-14T09:14:04.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20498" CreationDate="2022-03-20T02:05:14.823" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neil Wagner &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/cricket-wagner-takes-five-wickets-in-an-over/4ZKUICEPHBKBTUPCNGRZBBQNGM/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;has taken 5&lt;/a&gt; in an over against Wellington in 2011, the first and only time this has happened in first-class cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23713" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-03-21T13:10:03.433" LastActivityDate="2022-03-21T13:10:03.433" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-20T12:09:20.300" Score="1" ViewCount="966" Body="&lt;p&gt;In First Class cricket - typically towards the end of the final day - it is not uncommon for the fielding team's captain to offer a shake of hands to the batsman and declare the game a draw. This normally happens if the captain does not think their team has a realistic chance of winning the game - for example still needing to take 10 wickets, on a dead pitch, with say 5 overs to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an earliest time that a Captain can offer the draw? For example, can it only be made inside the last hour as defined by the Umpires, or could it be made at any time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a &amp;quot;case study&amp;quot;, in the 2nd Test of England's 2022 tour of the West Indies, at the start of the final day, the match is only 15 overs into the 3rd innings (England batting) with England having a 136 run lead. In all likelihood, baring a spectacular batting collapse, the game is heading for a Draw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England could choose to try and bat out the day, in which case the West Indies captain would be bowling their bowlers into the ground for essentially no reason; they are that far behind in the game that any total is likely to be unrealistic to chase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side, England could be aggressive and decide to go hell for leather and declare, and then try to bowl West Indies out. However, given the lack of any real assistance from the pitch, and having just come off from bowling ~188 overs themselves, that may also be a tiring, fruitless, task - especially given the Player Welfare angle the ECB have been following of late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at what point could the fielding captain say &amp;quot;enough is enough, lets call it a draw and go down to the beach&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-03-20T12:54:28.133" Title="Earliest time a Captain can offer a Draw" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27800" CreationDate="2022-03-20T12:54:28.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe this is formally covered in either &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Laws of Cricket&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2021/05/23/33c2d68e-8b38-4804-bcc4-daa8da8ad362/ICC-Standard-Test-Match-Playing-Conditions-May-2021.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current Test Match playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there will be significant pressure on the captains, and particularly the home captain, to ensure a &amp;quot;reasonable&amp;quot; amount of play happens - while I don't know the specifics for the West Indies vs England series, venues typically give out either partial or full refunds for ticket sales if fewer than a specified number of overs are bowled on a day. Therefore the administrators in each country are generally very keen for those thresholds to be hit, as ticket sales can represent a significant fraction of their income.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has led to what seems to be an informal agreement where teams will play until the start of the last hour of play and call the match off then if no result is reasonably possible - although quite probably with some part-time bowlers doing a lot of bowling during the day, and particularly the fast bowlers not bowling at full effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-03-20T12:54:28.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27819" CreationDate="2022-03-25T17:41:15.293" Score="2" ViewCount="1779" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an example, you can currently get cheap tickets for the North Macedonia matches in the 2022 World Cup:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Bx88.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Bx88.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if North Macedonia doesn't qualify? Would you get a refund? Would you get alternative tickets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14211" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T11:28:21.230" Title="What happens if you buy a Team Specific Ticket for a team that doesn't qualify for the World Cup?" Tags="|world-cup|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27671" CreationDate="2022-03-26T00:37:19.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The is no rule governing how many steps you can take per bounce when you are dribbling. You can dribble slowly and take 50 tiny quick steps between bounces if you want. Dribbling is dribbling.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Before you dribble or after the dribble, then the steps do count.&#xA;But then you arent dribbling anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11802" LastActivityDate="2022-03-26T00:37:19.877" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27808" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-03-26T11:37:30.170" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, a &amp;quot;loose ball&amp;quot;, is deflected by an offensive player directly to a defensive player already out of bounds. Does the possession changes from offense to defense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23731" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-03-26T20:23:17.553" LastActivityDate="2022-03-26T20:23:17.553" Title="Loose ball hitting a defense player that is already out of bounds" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27808" CreationDate="2022-03-26T18:56:50.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-8-out-of-bounds-and-throw-in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rule&lt;/a&gt; 8. II. c. says in part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball is out-of-bounds because of touching a player who is on or&#xA;outside a boundary, such player caused it to go out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball hadn't touched anything out-of-bounds before contacting the defensive player, then it is ruled out-of-bounds due to that defensive player.  No change of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defensive player has to be in the game though.  If it's a member of the team standing at the sideline but not in the game, and that defensive player wasn't doing anything to constitute interference, then it's out-of-bounds off the deflecting offensive player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-03-26T18:56:50.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27648" CreationDate="2022-03-29T07:06:03.207" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tapping the pitch using bat is common practice, as it has been done for so long. I guess in olden days the game was tilted towards the bowlers so much. No helmet or good protection from personal harm. All batsmen could do was tap the pitch, which does not make much of a difference anyways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23738" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-03-29T15:18:33.270" LastActivityDate="2022-03-29T15:18:33.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24546" CreationDate="2022-03-31T21:59:20.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no travel call after a whistle for the foul. The question of whether the basket counts depends on whether the ref considers the shot to be a continuation of the move the shooter was making at the time he was fouled. (That's why the NBA continuation rule is relevant.) If the move was a continuation, the shot counts and the shooter gets one free throw for the foul. If the shot was not a continuation, then it isn't a shooting foul, the basket does not count, and free throws depend on whether the fouling team is in the penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23748" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-04-01T06:44:45.780" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T06:44:45.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27818" CreationDate="2022-03-31T23:06:12.333" Score="4" ViewCount="1970" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, if the ball is fumbled and can an opposing team member kick the ball on the ground forwards before diving on it to take possession?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Follow up from the previous question: if the ball is fumbled and an opposing player then kicks it into the end zone and jumps on it to take possession, is that a touchdown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-04-01T00:06:48.670" LastActivityDate="2022-10-18T23:55:37.110" Title="Can you kick a fumbled football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27817" CreationDate="2022-04-01T00:16:05.487" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/nfl&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;nfl&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;nfl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, it is illegal to kick a loose ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2021-nfl-rulebook/#section-5-illegal-bats-and-kicks&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 12.5.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. ILLEGALLY KICKING BALL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No player may deliberately kick a loose ball or a ball that is in a player’s possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For illegally kicking the ball: Loss of 10 yards. If the foul is by Team A before possession changes during a scrimmage down: Loss of down and loss of 10 yards except for a foul by Team A beyond the line of scrimmage during a scrimmage kick, in which case there is no loss of down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some notes from the same ruling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a loose ball is unintentionally touched by any part of a player’s leg (including the knee), it is not considered kicking and is treated as touching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is not dead when an illegally kicked ball is recovered, unless another rule prescribes otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your followup, if the kick is &lt;em&gt;intentional&lt;/em&gt;, then it will be a penalty, and no touchdown would be granted (unless the penalty were declined).  If the kick is deemed &lt;em&gt;unintentional&lt;/em&gt;, then it will be recoverable (and would be a touchdown if recovered in the end zone by the opposing team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T00:16:05.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27805" CreationDate="2022-04-01T11:28:21.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;FIFA have set up an FAQs portal here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://fifa.powerappsportals.com/en-US/qatar2022/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://fifa.powerappsportals.com/en-US/qatar2022/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under the Ticket Products section, it explains that TST tickets for teams that fail to qualify will be subject to a refund of the cost of tickets, minus an administrative charge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. I have bought a Team Specific Ticket Series. What happens if my chosen national team does not qualify for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your chosen national team does not qualify for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™, FIFA Ticketing will refund your payment for your Team Specific Ticket Series, less an administration fee of QAR 40.00 (forty Qatari riyal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T11:28:21.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27820" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-01T11:43:53.693" Score="1" ViewCount="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has any player won both the Naismith player of the year and defensive player of the year in the same season before 2021-22?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23749" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-04-01T20:30:47.630" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T20:34:55.313" Title="Player of the year awards" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27820" CreationDate="2022-04-01T20:34:55.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is no, but it's not a very interesting one: the Naismith Defensive Player of the Year awards have only been given out since 2018.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://naismithtrophy.com/winners/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the awards page&lt;/a&gt; for the list of players who won; Aliyah Boston from South Carolina is the first men's or women's player to win both awards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-01T20:34:55.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27825" CreationDate="2022-04-03T06:18:36.497" Score="1" ViewCount="3792" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a freethrow shot in Basketball after a foul, players stand in front of the freethrow shooter. What happens if those players try messing with the freethrow shooter? Like yelling &amp;quot;BRICK&amp;quot; right as he shoots, or waving their arms like a lunatic, or doing some crazy tiktok dance, etc..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, I'm talking about non-physical meddling. And assuming that there's obviously a line that can be crossed (e.g. screaming &amp;quot;BLOODY MURDER&amp;quot; at the top of your lungs), around where is that line, and why don't we see players pushing up against it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-04-08T20:12:59.073" LastActivityDate="2022-04-08T20:12:59.073" Title="During a basketball freethrow, what happens if you try to distract the shooter?" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27824" CreationDate="2022-04-03T08:00:19.500" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both waving arms and yelling at the shooter are specifically disallowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-9-free-throws-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;: rule 9 I f:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During all free throw attempts, no opponent in the game shall&#xA;disconcert the shooter once the ball is placed at his disposal. The&#xA;following are acts of disconcertion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raising his arms when positioned&#xA;on the lane line on a free throw which will not remain in play,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Waving&#xA;his arms or making a sudden movement when in the visual field of the&#xA;shooter during any free throw attempt,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Talking to the free throw&#xA;shooter or talking in a loud disruptive manner during any free throw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Entering the lane and continuing to move during any free throw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PENALTY:  No penalty is assessed if the free throw is successful. A&#xA;substitute free throw will be administered if the attempt is&#xA;unsuccessful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-04-03T08:00:19.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-04T05:40:29.153" Score="0" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how the NBA handles spectator interference. As an example, during a free throw, what if the audience screams &amp;quot;BRICK&amp;quot; as they shoot, or someone pulls down their pants behind the hoop, etc..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My main concern is that any rule can be abused in both ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It can legitimately distract the player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It can be used by any player as an excuse to gain an advantage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing stopping teams/people from paying audience members a few bucks to be a nuisance, and everyone can utilize this. So my questions are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How exactly is this dealt with, according to the rules?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has this every been abused (similar to how I described)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-04-04T15:22:31.227" LastActivityDate="2022-04-04T15:22:31.227" Title="How is spectator interference handled in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27824" CreationDate="2022-04-04T17:27:57.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While fans can distract, anybody associated with a basketball team cannot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened with Devin Booker. After &lt;a href=&quot;https://streamable.com/2pf0n5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;complaining to the ref&lt;/a&gt; against the Raptors, he had the &lt;a href=&quot;https://streamable.com/lf4g2s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bulls mascot removed&lt;/a&gt; after a similar distraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/look-devin-booker-gets-angry-at-raptors-mascot-asks-officials-to-move-the-red-dinosaur-during-a-free-throw/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23761" LastActivityDate="2022-04-04T17:27:57.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27837" CreationDate="2022-04-04T18:27:41.827" Score="0" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wagon wheel in cricket is that... spokes they put out, and define scoring areas. The areas are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Behind square Offside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Behind square Legside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In front of square Offside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In front of square Legside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Straight Offside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Straight Legside&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question comes in the line which splits straight and in front of square. Is it 45 degrees? or is it trying to make each scoring area is equal (assuming the pitch is in the middle) in terms of area and the field is symmetric (which it can't really be since the behind square is smaller than the others).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if it's been defined anywhere, and as much as I would like equal sized scoring areas, having 45 degrees is just so much simpler. I also tried to do 45 degree from the middle of the pitch, creating a strange weird scoring polygon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ll4fb.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ll4fb.png&quot; alt=&quot;Define point G as the interception point between the boundary and a circle with radius AD with center D&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did 2 scenarios here, one with 45 degrees on the legside (for right hander) and on the right is a slightly different idea if no official definition exists. PS: I'm not super good with geogebra so I just estimated the sizes, but they should be fairly accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23760" LastActivityDate="2022-04-07T06:07:13.403" Title="Defining the wagon wheel" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27685" CreationDate="2022-04-04T18:40:26.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several reasons for this:  (this more answers why runs are harder to come by)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitches tend to be prepared differently. Test wickets tend to be more bowler favoured vs limited overs cricket which favours batters more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fielding rules are different.  In test matches you can (almost) put fielders anywhere, while in limited overs cricket the field positions are quite limited, so if a batsman are trying to dominate the bowling, then you move your fielders to the outer ring and they are more likely to be caught.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The bowling rules are different. Wides are called a lot more leniently, allowing bowlers to really put in everything and even if it goes wrong it's less likely to be called wide.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Because overs are not a limited resource (or almost unlimited) wickets' value goes up. This means more defensive batting in general.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for swing, the red balls are just a bit different, and perhaps teams spend more time shining it, and it takes less of a beating. Some teams infamously also make the ball more irregular by cheating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23760" LastActivityDate="2022-04-04T18:40:26.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27834" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27836" CreationDate="2022-04-06T10:39:49.520" Score="0" ViewCount="639" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, for fielders distracting the batter, I'm thinking of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Physical distractions, like waving their arms, or everyone breaking out into the thriller dance, etc..&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vocal distractions, like screaming &amp;quot;HEY BATTA SWING&amp;quot;, or various explitives, etc..&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fielders can also distract runners by insulting their wives, or heckling in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also wonder about the pitcher and catcher in particular. For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The pitcher pretending to have a spasm, before launching a &amp;quot;sucker punch&amp;quot; pitch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the catcher clapping annoyingly, or heckling the batter in general&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only rule I'm aware of is balking, stopping the pitcher from feinting a pitch, but I'm pretty sure my suggested examples don't infringe on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="23757" LastEditDate="2022-04-06T11:30:16.053" LastActivityDate="2022-04-06T16:52:58.820" Title="In baseball, how are players stopped from heckling/distracting each other, the batter in particular?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27835" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-06T11:28:39.743" Score="2" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a freethrow, &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/27825/23757&quot;&gt;distracting the shooter is clearly disallowed according to the rules&lt;/a&gt;. But during the game, what is preventing players from trying to distract each other? For example, by screaming just as someone tries to make a shot, or pretend like they're having a spasm. To take it to the extreme, players could scream expletives, or insulting each others family in undertones, to distract and throw each other off (or invite a foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What rules are preventing this sort of behavior in the NBA? Or are the only incentives indirect ones, like losing deals and sponsors if you act that way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2022-04-06T11:28:39.743" Title="During a basketball game, what rules prevent players from acting in distracting/heckling ways to throw off opponents?" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27834" CreationDate="2022-04-06T16:52:58.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of what would cover this is 6.04, Unsportsmanlike Conduct.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules&lt;/a&gt;, you can find rules related to not inciting fan displays, not distracting the batter while a fielder, or try to make the pitcher commit a balk.  They also cannot use language that would &amp;quot;refer to or reflect on opposing players&amp;quot;, so things like &amp;quot;your wife is so ...&amp;quot; would be banned there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pitchers balks (6.02) indeed cover most of the &amp;quot;what can a pitcher do to distract the batter&amp;quot;, and the fact that the pitcher must follow the rules in 5.07a (legal pitcher delivery) prevents most of what you're describing.  Pitchers are also prohibited from having confusing things on their glove that can be distracting, such as a too-light color glove, see rule 3.06.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-06T16:52:58.820" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27829" CreationDate="2022-04-07T06:07:13.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a general rule, the lines are drawn around (likely exactly on) 45 degree angles, but the reasoning behind this is most likely due to the way shots are played through those two regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Front-foot&amp;quot; shots (such as on- and off-drives, cover drives, or drives through mid-wicket) are played on the front foot (stepping forward into the shot) and generally are played through the forward two sectors. Conversely, &amp;quot;back-foot&amp;quot; shots (such as the cut, pull and hook shot), are played by stepping back towards the wicket-keeper, and normally direct the ball square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is clearly not an ideal breakdown of stroke-play, as it doesn't account for miss-hits, edges, late drives or other &amp;quot;unconventional&amp;quot; shots, but it is sufficient, over a long enough innings, to show how a particular batsmen or team has played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23769" LastActivityDate="2022-04-07T06:07:13.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27838" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-08T13:35:38.763" Score="0" ViewCount="476" Body="&lt;p&gt;No outs. Next batter hits a ground ball to pitcher; pitcher throws to 2nd for force out, then short stop makes bad throw to 1st. Guy that originally started on 2nd scores on bad throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that earned or unearned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23772" LastEditorUserId="3755" LastEditDate="2022-04-08T19:56:52.147" LastActivityDate="2022-04-08T20:31:22.073" Title="Earned or unearned run?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27838" CreationDate="2022-04-08T20:31:22.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two rules apply here. All rules are from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, is this an error?  Yes, it is.  Two rules apply; the rule that indicates it is an error to make a wild throw permitting a runner to advance beyond where they would have but for the throw, and an exception for double plays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, wild throw errors, 9.12a6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) whose wild throw in attempting to prevent a runner’s advance permits that runner or any other runner to advance one or more bases beyond the base such runner would have reached had the throw not been wild;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the double-play exception is 9.13d3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) The Official Scorer shall not charge an error against:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) any fielder who makes a wild throw in attempting to complete a double play or triple play, unless such wild throw enables any runner to advance beyond the base such runner would have reached had the throw not been wild;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the wild throw enabled a runner to advance beyond the base the runner would have reached had the throw not been wild, it is an error.  (No error is charged based on the batter-runner reaching first base, however; that runner is considered safe on a fielder's choice.  The error is solely based on the throw allowing the runner to score, unless the batter-runner took second on the overthrow.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, is it an unearned or earned run? This is 9.16 (d):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) No run shall be earned when the scoring runner’s advance has been aided by an error, a passed ball or defensive interference or obstruction, if in the Official Scorer’s judgment the run would not have scored without the aid of such misplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is, in the Official Scorer's judgement, take away the wild throw, but leave the batter-runner on first - so it is now 1st and 3rd, 1 out.  What happened after that in the inning?  If the next batter hit into a double play, ending the inning, then the run is &lt;strong&gt;unearned&lt;/strong&gt;.  However, if the next batter hit a fly ball to the warning track, the Official Scorer likely would have ruled that the runner on 3rd would've scored anyway, and so the run is &lt;strong&gt;earned&lt;/strong&gt;.  Same for a single (unless it was a bunt single, perhaps) or a home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Importantly, no outs changed as a result of the error - again, the batter-runner reaching first is not considered an error.  So a sac fly would be possible in the alternate reality where the error did not occur.  The benefit of the doubt goes to the pitcher here though - so if anything happens that may-or-may-not have allowed the run to score (like a bunt single), most likely the Official Scorer would consider the run unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the 9.16 intro for more on how the Official Scorer reconstructs the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-08T20:31:22.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27841" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27843" CreationDate="2022-04-10T18:33:37.507" Score="3" ViewCount="2985" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the second test between South Africa and Bangladesh  currently underway the South Africans scored 452 in there 1st innings without a batsman scoring a century. That made me wonder what the highest test innings without a century being scored was and if this innings between the Proteas and the tigers is anywhere close to the highest?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2024-03-31T12:33:15.907" Title="What is the highest test innings without a century being scored?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27841" CreationDate="2022-04-11T13:12:20.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Highest inning total not to contain a century is India vs New Zealand in 1976/77.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The highest inning total not to contain a century is India’s 524/9&#xA;against New Zealand at Kanpur in 1976/77. The highest score in the&#xA;inning was not even 75. There were six individual half-centuries and&#xA;the highest score was 70 by Mohinder Amarnath.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/highest-test-totals-without-a-century-and-half-century&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Highest Test totals without a century and half-century&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In November 1976 the team established another record by scoring 524&#xA;for 9 declared against New Zealand at Kanpur without an individual&#xA;scoring a century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/site/crickhistoryworld/history/india&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;crickhistoryworld/history/india&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scorecard for this game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-india-1976-77-62128/india-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-63172/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd Test, Kanpur, November 18 - 23, 1976,&#xA;New Zealand tour of India&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.howstat.com/cricket/statistics/Matches/MatchScorecard.asp?MatchCode=0786&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Test Match - India v New Zealand - Kanpur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eight-tons-in-a-test-and-high-totals-without-a-hundred-295485&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eight tons in a Test, and high totals without a hundred&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13485" LastActivityDate="2022-04-11T13:12:20.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-17T02:08:43.390" Score="3" ViewCount="501" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently heard about the F1 Grand Chelem/Grand Slam Records. To achieve this, the drivers need to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Score pole position and start the race in pole position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Win the race from pole position&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Set the fastest lap.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lead every lap in the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how is it possible for the driver &lt;strong&gt;to lead every lap in the race?&lt;/strong&gt; If the driver pits to change tyres, the position will be exchanged with the driver in second, who did not pit or already pitted, unless the leading car has a free pitstop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-04-17T09:03:36.793" LastActivityDate="2022-04-17T18:00:15.500" Title="How it is possible to lead every lap in a race in order to achieve a Grand Slam?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27845" CreationDate="2022-04-17T06:51:11.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume that a pit stop (under green) takes the equivalent of 22 seconds on track (some are faster, some are slower).  That just means that the leader needs that much of a lead.  I see three general classes where you can pit without losing the lead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The leader has gained the full green pitstop delta on the field and can freely pit under green.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The leader has gained a portion of the full pitstop delta, but is able to pit under a slow track (safety car or virtual safety car).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All the near competitors pit before the leader (perhaps trying for the undercut), leaving the leader well clear.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the most recent slam was Verstappen in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/keJAhNePGvQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 Austrian Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;.  This is an example of the third case (and maybe a bit of the first as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the racing got going, only Bottas and Hamilton were close to Verstappen.  They pitted on laps 30 and 31, leaving Verstappen clear to pit on lap 32 while keeping the lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, Bottas had not pitted again, but Verstappen had pulled well clear.  He had plenty of time to change tires on lap 60 without being challenged for the lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The F1 drivers with the most races where they led every lap (as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/which-f1-records-does-lewis-hamilton-have/6548878/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Autosport)&lt;/a&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lewis Hamilton: 23&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ayrton Senna: 19&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sebastian Vettel: 15&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jim Clark: 13&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jackie Stewart and Michael Schumacher: 11&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-04-17T18:00:15.500" LastActivityDate="2022-04-17T18:00:15.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27847" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27848" CreationDate="2022-04-17T20:32:53.300" Score="1" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm just wondering about when specifically the shot clock gets reset, especially in cases where the shooter gets blocked (or packed, as known informally). Is all that matters that a shot was attempted? Or does the ball have to hit the rim/backboard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-04-18T11:40:22.103" LastActivityDate="2022-04-18T11:40:22.103" Title="In the NBA, if your shot gets blocked, does it still reset the shot clock?" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27847" CreationDate="2022-04-18T02:26:25.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;NBA &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-7-24-second-clock/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 7&lt;/a&gt; governs the shot clock.  2d describes a legal shot that must occur within the clock period:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2d After gaining possession of the ball, a team must attempt a field&#xA;goal before the shot clock expires. To constitute a legal field goal&#xA;attempt, the following conditions must be complied with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ball must&#xA;leave the player’s hand prior to the expiration of the shot clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After leaving the player’s hand(s), the ball must make contact with&#xA;the basket ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shot that is blocked or redirected by the defense such that it does not reach the basket rim does not reset the shot clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-04-18T02:26:25.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27852" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-19T17:44:04.060" Score="2" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;To arrive at 2022 regulations, it is said that FIA ran thousands of hours of simulations on what should be the design of the F1 car. But while they did so, was the porpoising effect brought out effectively in their simulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that none of the CFD simulations carried out by F1 teams predicted porpoising. Is it true and whether the same thing happened with FIA simulations as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2022-04-20T02:37:31.793" Title="Porpoising and FIA simulations" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-19T19:40:31.223" Score="0" ViewCount="1267" Body="&lt;p&gt;This may be opinion-based, but can anybody explain why &amp;quot;kicked ball&amp;quot;, i.e. striking the ball with any part of the leg, is a violation in basketball? I've always thought it seemed like a fair play, not much different from striking the ball with your arms or hands. Kicked ball violation calls slow down the game, and at least in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-10-violations-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA&lt;/a&gt;, adds an additional element of judgement as to whether the kicking was intentional or not, although it always seems to be called regardless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1139" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:26:54.290" Title="Why is &quot;kicked ball&quot; a violation in basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27856" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-20T00:47:53.523" Score="2" ViewCount="1086" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2020 British Grand Prix, Hamilton suffered a tire puncture on the final lap of the race, barely getting his car across the finish line in time to hold off his closest challenger, Max Verstappen. I understand that Mercedes did not want to pit since it was the last lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how about the 2018 Azerbaijan Grand Prix, when Bottas' tire blew up? Why did Mercedes not pit Bottas for a new set of tires, instead of just retiring him? It is just a waste of time to change tires, or it is illegal to change a blown-up tyre?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-04-20T10:42:22.323" LastActivityDate="2022-04-20T16:34:31.447" Title="Why do drivers not pit to change tires when they have a puncture or blowout?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27856" CreationDate="2022-04-20T16:34:31.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases, teams will change a puncture, but it is not always possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Hamilton's puncture, it happened shortly after he had passed the pit entrance.  He had no choice but to circle the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know exactly what happened for Bottas in 2018, but the puncture happened late in the race at high speed.  The tire can damage the car.  It's possible that after the car got back to the pit, he was so far down that he could have only run one more lap and had no chance at any points.  If there's any chance the car was damaged, the team could have just decided not to bother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But yes, if the car can make it back to the pits, the teams are allowed to change the tires and return the to the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-04-20T16:34:31.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27859" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-20T21:30:00.417" Score="2" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many ATP points, or what ATP ranking, does a player need to participate in the qualification of an ATP 250 tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules do not seem clear on this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23802" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-04-20T23:07:48.917" LastActivityDate="2024-03-18T16:06:00.980" Title="Qualifying criteria to an ATP tournament" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27860" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-21T00:39:24.553" Score="1" ViewCount="1231" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2021 Spanish Grand Prix, the battle game between Verstappen and Hamilton changed thanks to the 2-stop strategy by Mercedes. When Lewis pit for the second time, Lambiase (Verstappen's engineer) tells Verstappen that Hamilton changed the tyre to scrub medium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does Mercedes change the tyre to scrub medium to Lewis and not a new tyre set? Does scrub medium have better advantages because after Lewis pit, Bottas also pit but this time, it is a new set of the tyre instead of the scrub tyre?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastActivityDate="2022-04-25T10:39:52.067" Title="What is the difference between new and scrub tyres and what is the advantages?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26565" CreationDate="2022-04-21T11:58:37.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/nantie-hayward-45419&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;signed a deal with Worcestershire&lt;/a&gt; which excluded him from being able to be picked for the national side.  He availed himself for selection again in 2004, and was picked for the team for a tour of Sri Lanka where he got 4 wickets in 2 tests. After that he just wasn't selected again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23760" LastActivityDate="2022-04-21T11:58:37.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27860" CreationDate="2022-04-21T12:35:04.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; part of your question (that is: why Hamilton / Mercedes put on a used / scrubbed set of tyres as opposed to a new set) is simply down to tyre allocation for the race, the race scenario, and the tyres Hamilton had used up to that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the start of the race, Hamilton had:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 set of Hards (new)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 set of Mediums (new)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 set of Mediums (used)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 sets of Softs (used)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As shown in the below graphic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oEzuY.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oEzuY.png&quot; alt=&quot;2021 Spanish Grand Prix - Race Tyre Sets&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hamilton started on a set of Softs (those that he qualified in). Then at his first pit stop, those tyres were changed for a set of new Mediums. Therefore, on the second pit stop, Hamilton was left with only a new set of Hards, a used set of Mediums, and two sets of used Softs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Hamilton could have used the new Hards, they would unlikely have given the pace Mercedes would have liked to re-catch Verstappen, and thus overtake him. Similarly, a used set of Soft tyres were unlikely to reach the end of the race (Hamilton had pitted on Lap 42 of 66, as shown below) when being used to chase, and then overtake, a car ~20 seconds ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uXY4l.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uXY4l.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;2021 Spanish Grand Prix - Pit Stops&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above image also shows that Bottas pitted on Lap 53 for used Softs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-04-25T10:39:52.067" LastActivityDate="2022-04-25T10:39:52.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27863" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27865" CreationDate="2022-04-21T14:22:58.127" Score="2" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did not grow up with cricket, so I ask this question to get a better intuition for the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some bowlers who specialize in maidens, while others who take higher number of wickets at perhaps the risk of a high economy rate?  Bowling maidens and taking wickets are obviously both very good results for a bowler, but it doesn't seem like the two always go hand-in-hand and sometimes the two objectives might work against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23808" LastEditorUserId="23808" LastEditDate="2022-04-21T15:50:45.327" LastActivityDate="2022-08-18T15:19:34.363" Title="In cricket, is there a distinction between bowlers who excel in maidens and those who excel in taking wickets?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27863" CreationDate="2022-04-21T16:05:24.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're pretty much correct, although the distinction is more &amp;quot;bowler who concedes few runs&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;bowler who bowls lots of maidens&amp;quot; - consistently conceding (say) one run an over is still a good result for a bowler in any format, it doesn't necessarily have to be a maiden per se.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overgeneralising massively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fastest bowlers will tend to take more wickets and concede more runs per over than somewhat lower pace bowlers. Some of this is just simple physics: if a batsman does make good contact with the ball from a very fast bowler, it's just more likely to leave the bat faster so will tend to go for more runs. To make up for this, the fastest bowlers need to take more wickets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/21163/why-leg-spin-bowler-is-more-expensive-then-off-spin&quot;&gt;Wrist spinners concede more runs and take more wickets than finger spinners&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you say, both taking wickets and restricting runs are good results for a bowler - it is worth noting that the value of each can vary throughout a match, so while at some points it may be better to take wickets and at other points it may be better to restrict runs. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If in a limited overs match, a team has 10 overs left, needs 10 runs to win but has only one wicket left, the wicket taking bowler is probably the best bet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a team has 10 overs left, needs 80 runs to win and has all their wickets remaining, the economical bowler is (arguably) worth more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-04-21T16:05:24.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27866" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-21T22:09:36.200" Score="3" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules for a modern pentathlon competition have changed several times since it was created in 1912, such as combining running and shooting, and an announcement in 2021 that equestrian would be replaced with a different event. Recently, there was the &amp;quot;UIPM 2022 Pentathlon World Cup&amp;quot; in Cairo and there are several more upcoming &amp;quot;UIPM 2022 Pentathlon World Cups&amp;quot; this year. Apparently these are being run on a &amp;quot;new format&amp;quot;, and it appears this is the format that will be used at the 2024 Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for modern pentathlon in this series of 2022 world cups? Is the format for the 2024 Olympics set yet, and is it the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23810" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-04-21T23:32:21.583" LastActivityDate="2022-05-02T11:57:18.897" Title="What are the current rules for modern pentathlon?" Tags="|rules|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27871" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-25T05:24:42.270" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems like a major issue of 2022 Formula 1 cars is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.watch-porpoising-demonstrated-with-a-spoon.29jWMxKOxcBljXj3rA8Hu.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;porpoising&lt;/a&gt; but what is more interesting is, how have Red Bull and Ferrari managed to overcome this problem, and what have they done differently from Mercedes who are still struggling with this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-04-25T10:38:50.883" LastActivityDate="2022-05-17T07:19:00.610" Title="How have Red Bull and Ferrari managed to overcome the 2022 car problems but not Mercedes?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27872" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-25T12:54:51.800" Score="1" ViewCount="2237" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was playing up front in tennis doubles. The server hit a trick shot to my partner in the receiving court. The ball hit in the serve court near the center line, bounced and spun into my side. I returned the ball for what I thought was a point. Everyone else said that's not legal. I said it was legal since the ball was served per the rules, and was in play once it hit the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was my return against the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23823" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-04-25T16:12:25.460" LastActivityDate="2023-02-22T18:13:53.373" Title="What are the rules regarding return of serve in tennis doubles?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27872" CreationDate="2022-04-25T14:48:50.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your return was against the rules.  The &amp;quot;receiver&amp;quot; (i.e., the player who returns the serve) is designated, and alternates with each point.  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/7221/2022-rules-of-tennis-english.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 15 in the ITF Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ORDER OF RECEIVING IN DOUBLES&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team which is due to receive in the first game of a set shall decide which player shall receive the first point in the game. Similarly, before the second game starts, their opponents shall decide which player shall receive the first point of that game. The player who was the receiver’s partner for the first point of the game shall receive the second point and this rotation shall continue until the end of the game and the set. After the receiver has returned the ball, either player in a team can hit the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not clarified further than that in the rules, but it's consistently interpreted as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-25T14:48:50.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27874" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-26T03:53:39.263" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Starting pitcher went six innings with the score 3-0. First Relief pitcher pitcher gave up 3 runs so score was 3-3. Then 2nd reliever held 2.2 innings to a final score of 6-3. So who gets the win? Starting pitcher or the 2nd reliever?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23824" LastActivityDate="2022-04-26T07:23:49.413" Title="Who gets the win?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27874" CreationDate="2022-04-26T07:23:49.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Rule 9.17(a)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Official Scorer shall credit as the winning pitcher that&#xA;pitcher whose team assumes a lead while such pitcher is in the&#xA;game, or during the inning on offense in which such pitcher&#xA;is removed from the game, and does not relinquish such lead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lead established by the starting pitcher was relinquished so they cannot be the winning pitcher. To determine the winning pitcher, we need to know exactly when the winning team re-took the lead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the winning team re-took the lead while the first reliever was the pitcher of record (i.e. before the second reliever had entered the game), the first reliever is the winning pitcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the winning team re-took the lead after the second reliever entered the game, the second reliever is the winning pitcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-04-26T07:23:49.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27876" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-26T14:38:24.460" Score="-4" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autoweek.com/racing/nascar/g33242350/20-winningest-cars-in-nascar-cup-history/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; states that Chevy has 788 NASCAR wins vs. 696 for Ford as of 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes Chevy better than Ford?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a volume stat (in which percentage won would be a better indicator of manufacturer success)? Does this speak to a car's workmanship? Or is this a red-herring such that the driver is more responsible for winning than the car itself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23825" LastActivityDate="2022-05-26T18:01:05.117" Title="What makes Chevy better than Ford?" Tags="|nascar|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27876" CreationDate="2022-04-26T16:03:22.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Philip Kendall is correct - there isn't a single reason which will explain this difference. However, there is a reason why there isn't a single such reason: Standardisation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1966, NASCAR started moving away from fully stock cars to cars with modified components. The reasons for this change were for safety reasons and having the specific ability to race. Racecars continued to evolve with safety and having a singular application in mind - to race safely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, here are specs for a modern-day chassis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ia49z.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ia49z.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;specs for next-gen NASCAR chassis&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spec sheet provided by &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/bobpockrass/status/1390021565287370754&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;@bobpockrass&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you will not see in this spec sheet is the engine. This is where the Ford and Chevy racecars differ. However, this difference isn't enough to ascertain whether racecar drivers won because or despite the manufacturer of the engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pre-1966, the differences among racecar manufacturers may have been more pronounced since stock cars were being used. Now, with heavily standardised racecars sans the engine, this difference is negligible to the naked eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a good reference when it comes to talking about the evolution of NASCAR vehicles: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.carthrottle.com/post/zdzzmb8/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.carthrottle.com/post/zdzzmb8/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23826" LastEditorUserId="23826" LastEditDate="2022-04-26T17:04:22.753" LastActivityDate="2022-04-26T17:04:22.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-26T19:34:31.313" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve seen someone do this repeatedly, and when I told him that in a league setting some might consider it a hindrance, he insisted it’s not a hindrance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="1723" LastEditDate="2022-04-28T01:54:36.133" LastActivityDate="2022-04-28T01:54:36.133" Title="Is it a hindrance to wave your arms around at the net?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27879" CreationDate="2022-04-26T20:02:41.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Movements made solely to distract are certainly likely to be ruled hindrances.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/pdfs/2015_Code.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USTA Rules and Regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;35&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Body movement. A player may feint with the body while a ball is in play. A player may change position at any time, including while the server is tossing a ball. Any other movement or any sound that is made solely to distract an opponent, including, but not limited to, waving arms or racket or stamping feet, is not allowed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player is allowed to make normal tennis movements, but waving at the opponent is definitely not a normal tennis movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-04-26T20:02:41.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-26T23:57:44.280" Score="1" ViewCount="721" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say player 1 is slamming, player 2 is receiving.&#xA;I've seen professional players hit the ball so high when receiving slams (player 2), and they step back so far away from the table to receive these far away slams. Why doesn't someone like player one hit the ball so lightly as player 2 has no way to run and get back to the table to return it. I believe this is called &amp;quot;dropshot&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21383" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T09:03:35.397" Title="Why don't ping pong players hit the ball lightly when opponents are far away?" Tags="|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27881" CreationDate="2022-04-27T12:25:07.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you hit the ball hard, when it comes back, it will likely be moving very fast. The reason is kinetic energy. When you hit the ball hard, the ball has a lot of kinetic energy. It is very difficult for your opponent to slow the ball down; if the opponent contacts the ball with a stationary paddle to return it, the ball will still be moving very fast. In order to return the ball slowly, he would need to somehow absorb the energy with his paddle, perhaps by pulling back on the paddle as it contacts the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1723" LastActivityDate="2022-04-27T12:25:07.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-04-28T09:42:55.077" Score="2" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that the surface of cricket bats are smooth. What's the science behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would happen if the surface of the bat was rough? Would that increase our effort to play shots?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10100" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2022-12-20T11:43:11.853" LastActivityDate="2022-12-23T13:09:12.993" Title="Why are cricket bats smooth?" Tags="|cricket|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27853" CreationDate="2022-04-29T07:50:42.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a foot / leg infraction to be whistled voluntary is the first requirement. To be a foot violation it is necessary that whoever touches the ball with his leg does so as a result of a voluntary gesture. For example, if I am standing or making a legal defensive move, and you hit my leg trying to make a ground pass, there is no violation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the voluntariness of the gesture has been clarified, then the concept of &amp;quot;advantage&amp;quot; can also be applied, although on the foot violation it is quite rare. For example: you pass the ball, I touch it with my foot but the ball still reaches your teammate unmarked under the basket. There would be a violation, but there is no booing so as not to dare an advantage to those who committed it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23836" LastEditorUserId="23836" LastEditDate="2022-06-01T07:10:57.070" LastActivityDate="2022-06-01T07:10:57.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14735" CreationDate="2022-05-01T03:52:27.710" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just saw a 2-3-2-5 triple play, manly representative play, bankstown, nsw, no outs, runners 2nd/ 3rd, dropped third strike, out at first, then home, then third! Easy as!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23842" LastActivityDate="2022-05-01T03:52:27.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27866" CreationDate="2022-05-02T11:57:18.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of May 2022, the plan is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 2024 Olympics will use the existing rules (i.e. with show jumping)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 2028 Olympics will use a different format - although modern pentathlon has been omitted from the provisional list of sports for the 2028 Olympics due to the uncertainty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The UIPM (the governing body for modern pentathlon) are due to vote on 2nd May 2022 to agree the new format. However, there is significant push-back on the changes from a number of leading athletes so it is by no means clear what is actually going to happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/modern-pentathlon/61296363&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Modern pentathlon: Athletes demand investigation by International Olympic Committee&lt;/a&gt;, BBC News&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-05-02T11:57:18.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27898" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-03T00:57:30.513" Score="1" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;We saw that Mercedes has porpoising problems on their 2022 car, but in 2021, the vehicle dominates the circuit like Redbulls. Let us consider that Lewis Hamilton uses a 2021 car to compete in 2022, but Verstappen and Leclerc use 2022, which is faster and will become more dominant in the circuit. Does the 2021 Mercedes car that has no porpoising issue is quicker or the 2022 Redbulls and Ferrari cars because it has a better newly upgraded one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastActivityDate="2022-05-03T06:47:48.363" Title="Which car is faster? F1 2021 or F1 2022" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27899" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-03T01:41:15.433" Score="3" ViewCount="428" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems obvious why there are weight classes in combat sports - bigger fighters have an advantage over smaller ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it also seems obvious that some physical attributes confer an advantage in other sports. For example, tall players have an advantage in basketball. Why aren't there &amp;quot;height classes&amp;quot; in basketball then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2022-07-27T17:24:27.880" Title="Why do combat sports use weight classes, but not other sports?" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27898" CreationDate="2022-05-03T06:41:22.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;2022 and 2021 are &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt;, so they won't always have a set &amp;quot;one is faster&amp;quot;, but for the &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; part, 2022 will be slower.  The cars are significantly heavier - 50kg, out of 750kg - and have some other changes that will make them a bit slower.  These changes in particular seem to affect their cornering in a negative speed way; tracks with less tight cornering will not see this difference as much, and in some circumstances the changes could cause a faster speed - but given the significant weight difference, probably not too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://the-race.com/formula-1/video-how-fast-are-new-2022-f1-cars-compared-to-2021/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video comparing 2022 to 2021 pole qualifiers for Bahrain&lt;/a&gt; explains this in detail.  Verstappen qualified over 1.5s faster in 2021 than Leclerc's pole winning qualifier in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's possible this will change as drivers adjust.  The differences in the aerodynamics (Ground force focused instead of aerodynamic downforce) leads to the car being faster on a straightaway, but the various changes have required slower minimum speeds on tight turns.  Undoubtedly the professionals will figure out how to balance that.  It's possible that &lt;a href=&quot;https://the-race.com/formula-1/how-fast-the-2022-f1-cars-really-are/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the drivers may end up a similar speed to 2021 by the end&lt;/a&gt;, depending on the racetrack layout and the day's conditions.  For example, note the quote from Pirelli:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking on the final day of last year’s test, Pirelli’s head of F1 Mario Isola said he believes lap times could be quicker “in all the circuits where you have high-speed corners – I can imagine Silverstone, Suzuka, probably Spa”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The porpoising issue is unclear whether it will affect speed or not.  If they do have to raise the cars slightly to avoid it (that being the fix - setting the ride height high enough they never lose the downforce), it may slow the cars down a bit, but that's unclear for now, or if they'll find another solution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also to possibly correct a misconception - the fact that 2022 is newly upgraded doesn't mean it's faster.  F1 cars could be much faster, if they wanted to let them be.  They're designed to work at, roughly, a certain speed range in order to make for interesting racing.  One of the major reasons for the changes in 2022 (which have been in development since 2019!) was to make races more &lt;em&gt;interesting&lt;/em&gt;, to make it easier for a trailing racer to catch up (as prior, a trailing car would lose some of its downforce when close behind another car - but ground effect doesn't have this problem).  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.analysis-comparing-the-key-differences-between-the-2021-and-2022-f1-car.4xYDhtOjDee4cEQ3P4RsK9.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video from F1&lt;/a&gt; explaining the changes and why they made them.  There's no official word, but gossip suggested they had hoped the cars be a few seconds faster - and according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.motorsportweek.com/2022/02/23/analysis-the-2022-cars-are-slower-but-at-the-same-time-quicker/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Motorsport Week&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F1 expected these new cars to be around 2.5s/lap slower than their predecessors with the downforce slashed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But they go on to say it may not be slower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, your answer is that most likely the 2022 car is &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; slower than 2021, maybe a few seconds per lap, pending drivers adjusting to the new car and also pending results of the porpoising investigations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-05-03T06:47:48.363" LastActivityDate="2022-05-03T06:47:48.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2022-05-03T22:33:12.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is legal in Ireland, there are bookmakers in most communities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know enough to comment about match fixing, but it appears to be tightly regulated. And while it occasionally happens, it is considered a major scandal, and anyone involved in the fix is often banned from the sport (I'm not sure if they face criminal charges - presumably the argument could be made that it's a form of fraud).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, the damage caused by gambling addiction is generally considered more of a reason for the regulation of sports betting than match-fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2022-05-03T22:33:12.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27903" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27905" CreationDate="2022-05-04T15:23:01.790" Score="1" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am working on the ATP  tennis matches dataset and I have a series column which contains International, ATP250, Grand Slam  etc... and a tournament column which contains Wimbledon, Lyon Open  etc...&#xA;I want to know the difference between them?&#xA;which is more general than the other.&#xA;also which one of them is more relevant to the player to make him play 100% in that match is it the type of series or type of tournament?&#xA;thanks a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23855" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T15:56:54.163" Title="what is the difference between series and tournament in tennis?" Tags="|tennis|tournaments|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27906" CreationDate="2022-05-04T15:28:07.273" Score="3" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a low-intermediate club depends only of itself on its last game to finish on 4th or 5th on its Major National European League, which one would be the better option, considering a financial point of view:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finish 4th and go to Champions League, even though knowing that they will probably lose all their games on this league; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finish 5th and go to Europa League, where they can probably have good results and advance maybe to the semi or finals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that this case is different than &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24057/for-an-average-champions-league-team-is-it-financially-more-worth-it-to-go-thro&quot;&gt;For an average Champions League team, is it financially more worth it to go through to knockout stages or drop down in to Europa League?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23812" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-05-04T17:33:51.560" LastActivityDate="2022-05-04T17:34:00.500" Title="Under a financial point of view which is better for a low-intermediate club, to go to the Champions or Europa League?" Tags="|football|finances|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27903" CreationDate="2022-05-04T16:44:21.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Series&amp;quot; is more general than &amp;quot;Tournament&amp;quot;.  A tournament is held on a week or two in a particular location.  A series is a series of tournaments - for example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Tour_250&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Tour 250&lt;/a&gt; is a series of 39 tournaments (as of the date this answer was written).  The series to some extent reflects the level of the tournaments in the series - ATP250 is the lowest level, Grand Slam is the highest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-05-04T16:44:21.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27904" CreationDate="2022-05-04T17:34:00.500" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Champions League.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/my/soccer/news/champions-league-prize-money-breakdown-2022-how-much-winners/alyjzqvtjjhxk311oivierzn&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; entering CL group stage alone was worth $17.74 million (~16.8 million €) in 2022. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/europa-league-prize-money-breakdown-how-much-do-winners-2022/uviivwm7iuadjq8tbmrmr7ad&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;same source&lt;/a&gt; also lists the prize money for the Europa League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to win that much money a club has to reach the Europa League final. Winning every game up to semi finals is worth $16.18 million (~15.35 million €) and therefore still less than just being in the CL group stage. Only if they reached the final they would exceed the amount of the guaranteed CL prize money with up to $21.2 million for the runner up and about $4.5 million more for the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2022-05-04T17:34:00.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27910" CreationDate="2022-05-05T04:41:34.840" Score="0" ViewCount="1232" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine the scenario of &amp;quot;accidentally&amp;quot; dribbling the ball into an opponent's foot, and the ball gets kicked out of bounds. Or, in an even more extreme case, &amp;quot;passing&amp;quot; (or throwing) the ball out of bounds while barely grazing an opponent. In the most extreme case, I toss the ball into an opponent's head, and it flies out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These could result in an out-of-bounds by the opposing team, allowing one to reset the shot clock, for example. Is there any rule in basketball (or the NBA) that prevents these kinds of schemes? Or are there any other factors that stop these kinds of schemes (e.g. they're not consistent, or audiences/sponsors might get angry)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T20:52:56.517" Title="In basketball, is one allowed to purposefully get the ball out-of-bounds off an opponent?" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27907" CreationDate="2022-05-05T05:55:53.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, there's no rule (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the rulebook&lt;/a&gt;) against throwing the ball at your opponent, and in falling-out-of-bounds situations it's not all that uncommon to see players try to toss the ball at their opponents' arms or legs if they don't have any other way of saving the ball.  It's possible that this could be penalized under &amp;quot;unsportsmanlike conduct&amp;quot; if it were done in a malicious or dangerous way (your example of throwing at the player's head).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; of the time, throwing the ball at your opponent is called a &lt;em&gt;turnover&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T05:55:53.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27903" CreationDate="2022-05-05T15:56:54.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A series, is just a combination of tournaments. Tournaments are the usual competitions, they're 1 or 2 weeks long, where players are seeded at the beginning of the event go against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A series is just some of theses events together. It could indicate tournaments played at a certain level like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Tour_250&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Tour 250 series&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Tour_500&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Tour 500 series&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Tour_Masters_1000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ATP Tour Masters 1000&lt;/a&gt;. Or tournaments held by the same governing body like the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Open_Series&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;US Open Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T15:56:54.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27907" CreationDate="2022-05-05T20:52:56.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These could result in an out-of-bounds by the opposing team, allowing one to reset the shot clock, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an incorrect assumption.  The defensive team would have to gain possession to reset the shot clock.  Deflecting the ball out-of-bounds would not do it.  So the tactic is only useful in a case where you might otherwise lose possession (such as about to fall out of bounds).  It is allowed, but you would lose time handling the ball and have to risk a throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-7-24-second-clock/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 7, Section IV, b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. The shot clock is never reset on the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Defensive player is the last to touch the ball before going out-of-bounds....&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-05-05T20:52:56.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27911" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-06T02:54:16.693" Score="4" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1, in order to slow down cars, some tracks have some sort of gravel, such as the German Grand Prix, while some tracks have red and blue strips, such as the French Grand Prix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The gravel is a far more 'dangerous trap' for drivers since it can completely stop the car and force it to retire, unless the driver thinks quickly enough to grab more momentum to get out of the gravel, like Lewis did. The blue and red strip, I think, is far more reliable for drivers since it can stop the car but will not 'trap' the car and cannot force it to retire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, why do gravel traps still exist in F1? Why haven't they all been replaced with the red and blue strips?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-06T06:51:21.153" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:27:04.900" Title="Why do some F1 tracks still have gravel?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27911" CreationDate="2022-05-06T07:55:44.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The merits of gravel traps versus tarmac run-offs &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5N06z6VHXGA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;have been hotly debated&lt;/a&gt; for some time. Gravel traps do have a number of drawbacks, most notably, how easy it is to get stuck in them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a lot of fans actually &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; that. If even the slightest mistake could be punished by getting stuck in a gravel trap and retiring, that makes things more challenging for the drivers, which is something many fans welcome. Formula One is the pinnacle of motorsport, and it &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; punish you for making mistakes - or so the argument goes. Philip Kendall's comment is a great example of that mentality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, one of the main criticisms of tarmac run-off is that, not only does it not punish drivers for making a mistake and running wide, but it can actually encourage them to run wide on purpose, carrying more speed through the corner while completely ignoring the track limits. While there are rules against this, they are inconsistently applied and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a44416801/what-can-be-done-about-the-track-limits-fiasco-that-overshadowed-austrian-f1-grand-prix/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lead to considerable confusion&lt;/a&gt;. Many believe that the simplest solution is to physically prevent drivers from running wide in the first place (i.e. with gravel traps).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are likely two other aspects to this: tradition and time/cost. Formula One is a very tradition-driven sport, and changes are often met with hostility even if they have net positives. Sprint races are the most recent example, but the halo, the switch from V10s to V8s and then hybrid V6s, and the ongoing debate about scrapping Monaco are also good examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for cost, I don't know how expensive it would be to replace every gravel trap at (say) Hockenheim with tarmac run-off, or how long it would take, but I can't imagine it's quick or cheap to do. And you'd have to close the circuit while you do it, which is a further blow to revenue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-06T12:27:04.900" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:27:04.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27917" CreationDate="2022-05-07T08:43:32.093" Score="0" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times has the Champions League, Europa League, Cup Winners' Cup, or European Super Cup final been played in the stadium of one of the finalists?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What were the results of each match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23888" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-07T11:14:26.187" LastActivityDate="2022-05-07T11:38:04.457" Title="How many European cup finals have been played in the stadium of one of the finalists?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|europa-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27916" CreationDate="2022-05-07T11:38:04.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the European Cup/Champions League, this has happened four times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1957, Real Madrid played Fiorentina at their home stadium, the Santiago Bernabéu. Real Madrid won 2-0.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1965, Inter Milan played Benfica at their home stadium, the San Siro. Inter Milan won 1-0.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1984, Roma played Liverpool at their home stadium, the Stadio Olimpico. Liverpool won on penalties after a 1-1 draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2012, Bayern Munich played Chelsea at their home stadium, the Allianz Arena. Chelsea won on penalties after a 1-1 draw.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the UEFA Cup/Europa League, from 1972 until 1997, the final was held over two legs, with each finalist hosting one match. Since 1998, the final has been a single match held at a neutral venue, like the European Cup/Champions League. In that time, this has happened twice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2002, Feyenoord played Borussia Dortmund at their home stadium, De Kuip. Feyenoord won 3-2.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2005, Sporting CP played CSKA Moscow at their home stadium, the Estádio José Alvalade. CSKA Moscow won 3-1.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for the inaugural Cup Winners' Cup, which used the same two-legged final format as the UEFA Cup, this occurred only once in that competition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1982, Barcelona played Standard Liege at their home stadium, the Camp Nou. Barcelona won 2-1.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 1973 until 1997, the UEFA Super Cup final was also held over two legs, with each finalist holding one match. Between 1998 and 2012, the final was held at the Stade Louis II in Monaco; since then, it has been held at a different neutral venue each year. No team has played a UEFA Super Cup at their home ground since the switch to a single-match format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-05-07T11:38:04.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27871" CreationDate="2022-05-09T08:07:51.153" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The current theory is that this is a fundamental problem with the &amp;quot;no sidepods&amp;quot; design that Mercedes have pioneered this season - namely, it leaves much more of the floor exposed compared to the more conventional designs of Red Bull and Ferrari. That exposed floor is then flexing due to the aerodynamic loads being placed on it, and this is what triggers the porpoising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As explained by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/the-wide-floor-doubt-over-mercedes-zero-pod-concept/10305409/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Autosport&lt;/a&gt;, Red Bull and Ferrari have also been able to mitigate the flexing by using &amp;quot;stays&amp;quot; - metal rods hidden in the sidepod that attach to the floor and help support it. Because Mercedes' sidepods are so minimal, they can't use these internal stays, and only one pair of external stays are permitted - not enough to prevent the flexing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61374774&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC Sport&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mercedes' problems are caused by their car's floor. It is flexing in an uncontrolled way, and this is triggering the aerodynamic instability - &amp;quot;porpoising&amp;quot; or bouncing - that is forcing them to run it in a set-up they don't want to, to keep it under some form of control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions are being asked about the overall concept of Mercedes' car. It is dramatically different from the rest, with pared-back sidepods and much more exposed upper floor area at the rear than any other car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many outside the team suspect this is the root of the problem and that Mercedes will have to abandon it for next year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-17T07:19:00.610" LastActivityDate="2022-05-17T07:19:00.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27920" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-09T15:55:56.503" Score="0" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say, in a USTA adult league match or a NCAA match, what is the purpose of numbering lineup positions by theoretical skill level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if teams are of four players, then the best player from each team will play each other, the second-best player of each team will play each other, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-07T21:08:53.060" LastActivityDate="2022-11-06T22:01:45.187" Title="In team tennis matches, what is the purpose of numbering lineup positions by theoretical skill level?" Tags="|tennis|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4379" CreationDate="2022-05-10T00:12:16.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use your triceps and legs when shooting a basketball. Pushing yourself up when you're 200-300 lbs does have an impact on player's endurance and over time can lead to fatigue to the same muscle groups that are used for shooting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23893" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T00:12:16.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27922" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-10T01:34:15.157" Score="-1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this case. Runner's on first, batter hits ground ball and reaches first base safely.  Runner on first advances to second, but fielder steps on the bag before him. Is the Runner safe or out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23894" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-05-10T16:37:34.590" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T16:37:34.590" Title="Is the runner on safe if the the fielder steps on the bag before him?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27924" CreationDate="2022-05-10T09:48:04.027" Score="1" ViewCount="1509" Body="&lt;p&gt;Increasingly I see players preparing for a corner by placing the ball on the extremity of the corner quarter circle.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2XvSD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2XvSD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What advantage are the players trying to gain by placing the ball here instead of inside or on the markings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2024-02-28T20:11:41.710" Title="Ball placement for corner kicks in soccer" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27923" CreationDate="2022-05-10T13:26:58.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed this too. Strangely there hasn't been much discussion about this in live commentary, by pundits, or on football analytics Twitter. I don't think there's one right answer, but I'd guess any of the following could be valid considerations for the corner kick taker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Run up angle&lt;/strong&gt;: Given the position of the corner flag, players taking the corner are restricted to very particular run ups before striking the ball (especially when considering whether it's an in-swinging or out-swinging delivery), so perhaps players are trying to maximize their angle for delivery.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shortest distance&lt;/strong&gt;: It sounds silly, but it's possible players are simply trying to get as close to the goal as possible so they don't need to exert as much effort to deliver the ball in. I don't think a few inches would make that much of a difference, but perhaps it's psychological.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Better turf&lt;/strong&gt;: In my experience playing, the turf (specifically for real grass) around the corner arc can take a beating from players taking corners. In-swinging corner takers traditionally place the ball on the endline right where it meets the corner arc (position D in the image below), so the surface can take a beating from multiple corners (especially in wet conditions). So naturally players might place the ball where turf is more in tact for the ball placement and where they'll plant their foot, so maybe placing the ball at the extremity of the corner arc improves the lie of the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4kpZN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4kpZN.png&quot; alt=&quot;SaySoccer.org: Place of the ball on a corner kick&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Image source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.saysoccer.org/Default.aspx?tabid=324406&amp;amp;showpageeditor=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SaySoccer.org: LAW XVII - MECHANICS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T13:26:58.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4379" CreationDate="2022-05-10T13:48:10.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with all the reasons @A-D listed, but would also include that this is a way to disguise time-wasting. Yes, this happens in soccer quite a bit. By waiting for a teammate to pick them up a player to gets some rest while precious time ticks off the clock. Officials will generally allow it unless it's glaringly blatant that they're milking the time. This is particularly useful if a team has a marginal lead at the end of a game. Of course this mainly applies to soccer because the clock never stops, but in other sports this could be a way to kill an opponent's momentum. By slowing the game down it can chip away at a team's energy and cause frustration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16506" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T13:48:10.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27922" CreationDate="2022-05-10T15:48:38.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The runner has been forced out at second. It is not considered a hit for the batter either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20592" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T15:48:38.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27920" CreationDate="2022-05-10T17:55:16.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idea here is to prevent &amp;quot;unfair&amp;quot; results which can be caused by random matchups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a very simplified example, consider a situation where a higher ranked player always beats a lower ranked player, and the two teams are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A: players ranked 1, 3, 5, 7, 9&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B: players ranked 2, 4, 6, 8, 10&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's clear here that team A is the better team, and that's the result which happens if the players match up in order: 1 beats 2, 3 beats 4, 5 beats 6, 7 beats 8, 9 beats 10 and team A wins the match 5-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now consider what happens if team B plays the 10th ranked player &amp;quot;out of order&amp;quot;: 1 beats 10, 3 loses to 2, 5 loses to 4, 7 loses to 6, 9 loses to 8 and team B wins the match 4-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's obviously a very simplified and exaggerated example, but even with some less simple models you can show that you get the &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; result more often with in-order pairings than with other schemes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-05-10T17:55:16.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27929" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-11T03:12:00.733" Score="1" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;The F1 sprint races have &lt;strong&gt;no mandatory pit stops&lt;/strong&gt;, and drivers racing flat-out to the chequered flag. But what if there is a sudden change of weather during the sprint race? For example, let's say they put slick tyres on for the race, and suddenly in the middle of the race it starts to rain. Could the drivers change to wet tyres in the middle of the sprint race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-11T10:31:52.697" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T14:31:17.290" Title="Can drivers pit in the sprint race if the weather changes?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27930" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-11T03:56:21.870" Score="2" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have 22 races, and three of the races have a sprint race. So, here is my calculation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;22 main races = 25 points (first place) x 22 = 550 points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 sprint races = 8 points (first place) x 3 = 24 points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;22 fastest laps for the main race = 1 point (fastest lap) x 22 = 22 points&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total maximum points = 550 + 24 + 22 = &lt;strong&gt;596 points&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the correct maximum points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-11T10:22:37.560" LastActivityDate="2022-05-18T14:32:42.633" Title="What are the maximum points that an F1 driver can achieve in 2022?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27930" CreationDate="2022-05-11T10:55:21.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.4 Points for both titles will be awarded at each Event according to the following scale:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Points&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1st&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2nd&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3rd&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the above, one point will be awarded to the driver who achieved the fastest&#xA;valid lap time of the race and to the constructor whose car he was driving, provided he&#xA;was in the top ten (10) positions of the final race classification (see Article 6055). No&#xA;point will be awarded if the fastest valid lap time is achieved by a driver who was&#xA;classified outside the top ten positions, or if the leader has completed less than 50% of&#xA;the scheduled race distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At those Events where a sprint qualifying session takes place, points for both titles will be awarded based on the final sprint qualifying session classification according to the following scale:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Points&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1st&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2nd&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3rd&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8th&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means a &amp;quot;perfect&amp;quot; score for a sprint-race weekend is 34 and 26 on a non-sprint event. So yes those calculations are correct - with a couple of caveats. Firstly this is no longer true now that we're 5 races in and since no-one is currently on the maximum the maximum possible has now decreased. Secondly this also assumes that the schedule remains at 22 races - the 2022 season was originally intended to be &lt;strong&gt;23&lt;/strong&gt; races long and was only reduced to 22 when Russia was cancelled and the FIA has now &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-race-at-22-grands-prix-in-2022.5ySj1LGnDVesfBDHI1Kc3c.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;confirmed&lt;/a&gt; that it won't be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="16857" LastEditDate="2022-05-18T14:32:42.633" LastActivityDate="2022-05-18T14:32:42.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27932" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-11T15:20:34.773" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that ground effect works when the ground or other surface interrupts the downdraft thereby reducing aerodynamic drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With cars, it seems that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlNmWJLyylM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;explanations I've found&lt;/a&gt; describe using the car's body itself as a wing and creating a venturi between the bottom surface of the car and the track. However, with a car the aerofoil's &amp;quot;downdraft&amp;quot; is going upwards so there's no surface to interact with it. In this case there wouldn't be any ground effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I misunderstanding this? How does ground effect work in a car which is producing downforce rather than a aircraft where it produces additional lift?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23897" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T19:03:50.550" Title="How do racing cars use aerodynamic ground effect?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27932" CreationDate="2022-05-11T16:23:19.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simplistic way to think about this is that the wing is shoving air from one side to the other.  This creates higher and lower pressure regions around the wing that cause lift (higher pressure below on a plane, higher pressure above on a car).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you put the ground under an airplane wing, the air &amp;quot;builds up&amp;quot; under the wing because it can't disperse as easily.  This allows the pressure to build up higher than it would otherwise.  The greater difference means greater lift over the area of the wing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you put the ground under a car wing, the low-pressure region can't be filled in by air easily because the ground is in the way.  This lets the pressure be lower than it would in a free-stream flow.  The &amp;quot;lift&amp;quot; generated from the pressure differential is greater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-05-11T16:23:19.730" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27935" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-12T01:40:57.800" Score="2" ViewCount="2959" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hit a short pop fly on the infield, the ball landed in fair territory and bounced foul; before it hit the ground in foul territory a infielder touched it. Is this a fair or foul ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23899" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-05-12T14:51:05.947" LastActivityDate="2022-05-13T17:14:29.813" Title="Is a ball that bounces in fair territory and is then touched by a fielder in foul territory fair or foul?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27935" CreationDate="2022-05-12T16:00:10.193" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;You had me at &lt;em&gt;landed in fair territory&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&#xA;- Rene Zellweger, probably&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case you think that's sarcasm, let me clarify. If it lands in-bounds, it's in play the same way that the batter is safe from being caught out. Just to check, we can think about what would happen if that wasn't the case. Then there would be no need to catch anything close to the line when you could just knock it out of bounds and give the pitcher another chance to throw a strike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23900" LastActivityDate="2022-05-12T16:00:10.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27884" CreationDate="2022-05-12T18:00:33.423" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cricket Bat surfaces are generally varnished (or oiled) to keep the wood with moisture which prevents Drying (and becoming Brittle) and eventually Breaking.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This varnishing gives the smooth finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Contrast, Cricket Bat Handles are made rough to provide Holding grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One side effect of varnishing or smooth finishing is that the Direction (or angle) of the ball rebound (after hitting the bat) is more consistent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The smooth (or glossy) finish will neither make the ball go further nor reduce the batting effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2022-05-12T18:00:33.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27940" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-13T15:23:35.923" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;There has been a lot of talk recently about excluding Russians and Belarusians from sport. The general idea &lt;em&gt;seems&lt;/em&gt; to be that the sporting bodies don't want to give the players a platform to speak. Lots of places are banning &lt;em&gt;teams&lt;/em&gt;, but fewer are banning &lt;em&gt;players&lt;/em&gt;. Excluding someone on the basis of what their country is doing is a pretty big step—one that I haven't seen in a long time.&#xA;There are well-documented human rights abuses in a variety of countries, but these tend to be &lt;em&gt;internal&lt;/em&gt;; it has been a while since one country has been so openly hostile to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These exclusions are, of course, fraught with difficulties over fairness, productivity and the like. This post isn't intending to discuss those—they are perhaps better suited to another SE, such as politics, anyway. Rather, it asks,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;What examples are there in recent history where individuals and/or teams have been banned from competing on the basis of disapproval of their country's actions?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, a lot of exclusion of Russians and Belarusians is going on at the moment. I am interested in this historical context of these decisions, whether they have solid precedent or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like there are a number of cases related to the exclusion of national &lt;em&gt;teams&lt;/em&gt;—see the answers given below. I would be particularly interested if anyone has examples for &lt;em&gt;individuals&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My main sport is tennis, so I had a look at Davis Cup—the team–tennis tournament. It seems that Yugoslavia was part of it in 1999 and Yugoslavians were playing tennis, pretty much as normal, throughout that year. This is the year in which Belgrade was bombed for ~7wks consistently by NATO. It's hard to get information on tennis over 20yrs ago, but it doesn't &lt;em&gt;seem&lt;/em&gt; like players were excluded—but, as I say, it is hard to find information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon is (currently) banning Russian and Belarusian players—they can play on the world tour under a neutral flag and at French Open, but Wimbledon is forbidding their participation at all. Precedent for this decision was actually my main motivation for this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23905" LastEditorUserId="23905" LastEditDate="2022-05-19T10:49:03.653" LastActivityDate="2022-05-19T10:49:03.653" Title="Precedents for Excluding Athletes from Sport Based on Nationality" Tags="|participation|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27935" CreationDate="2022-05-13T17:14:29.813" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball has not yet passed the first or third base, then fair or foul is determined by where the ball is when first touched by a fielder (or where it comes to rest).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question seems to be asking if it bounded into foul territory, but hadn't yet touched the ground there, does that matter.  It does not have to touch the ground to be foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; glossary (bolding mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first base, or between home and third base, or that is on or&#xA;over fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third&#xA;base, or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls&#xA;on fair territory on or beyond first base or third base, or that,&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;while on or over fair territory touches the person of an umpire or&#xA;player&lt;/strong&gt;, or that, while over fair territory, passes out of the playing&#xA;field in flight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball was first touched by the fielder when in foul territory, it is not a fair ball.  Doesn't matter if it has touched the ground in foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-05-13T17:14:29.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27940" CreationDate="2022-05-13T19:27:28.250" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major precedent for this would be apartheid-era South Africa. From 1964 until the end of apartheid, South Africa was excluded from the Olympic Games due to its refusal to field an integrated team. In 1976, 25 other African nations demanded that New Zealand be kicked out of the IOC for conducting a rugby tour of South Africa, and when the IOC refused, those nations boycotted that year's Montreal Olympics in protest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the years following the Olympic exclusion, South African teams and athletes were systematically frozen out of pretty much every single international sporting competition. They were banned from the FIFA World Cup staring with England '66 (and expelled from FIFA entirely in 1976), the first two Rugby World Cups in 1987 and 1991, and the Davis Cup from 1979 after an initial ban between 1970-1972. Formula One, however, continued to hold races in South Africa until 1985, when it was boycotted by multiple teams and drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-15T08:29:59.940" LastActivityDate="2022-05-15T08:29:59.940" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27943" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-13T22:33:01.083" Score="2" ViewCount="1950" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are runners on 2nd and 3rd with one out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The batter hits a line out to center for the second out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The runner on 3rd tags up correctly and crosses home plate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The runner on 2nd fails to tag and breaks for 3rd on contact.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The throw goes home and the catcher immediately throws to 2nd for the third out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the run count, or is this a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/1595/does-a-run-count-if-its-made-on-the-same-play-as-the-3rd-out&quot;&gt;force out negating the run&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23906" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-05-14T08:56:38.440" LastActivityDate="2024-03-16T12:16:55.207" Title="Does an out made after a failure to tag up count as a force out?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27943" CreationDate="2022-05-13T23:03:51.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following rules&lt;/a&gt; are relevant here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How a Run Scores, Rule 5.08:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.08 How a Team Scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning.&#xA;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner ad- vances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a pre- ceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.09(b)(6), which defines &amp;quot;forced out&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He or the next base is tagged before he touches the next base, after he has been forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner. However, if a following run- ner is put out on a force play, the force is removed and the runner must be tagged to be put out. The force is re- moved as soon as the runner touches the base to which he is forced to advance, and if he overslides or overruns the base, the runner must be tagged to be put out. However, if the forced runner, after touching the next base, retreats for any reason towards the base he had last occupied, the force play is reinstated, and he can again be put out if the defense tags the base to which he is forced;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the example given, the run scored &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; three were out, and the third out was not scored on a force play.  As such, the run counts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the question here is, &amp;quot;is failing to tag up a force play&amp;quot;; the answer is no.  While the runner is put out in a similar manner (by tagging the bag), it is not considered a force play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-05-13T23:31:46.123" LastActivityDate="2022-05-13T23:31:46.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27940" CreationDate="2022-05-14T21:04:24.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually looking at Yugoslavia was a good  idea, but the year was wrong. Yugoslavia qualified for the football &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1992&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;European Championship&lt;/a&gt; in 1992, but was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_757&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;disqualified&lt;/a&gt; only a few weeks before the tournament, Denmark had to play instead. The Danish players had to be literally called from the beaches (they were already on holiday), but eventually won the whole thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastEditorUserId="17962" LastEditDate="2022-05-16T09:59:09.627" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T09:59:09.627" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27881" CreationDate="2022-05-15T19:05:06.817" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When Player1 is going to &amp;quot;Slam&amp;quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; when Player2 is far away from the table, Player1 has got a lot of choice in Direction (or angle) and Player2 has to be quick in reacting and running in the right Direction. By the quick hand movement, Player2 only knows that a &amp;quot;Slam&amp;quot; is coming, but not which Direction. When Player2 reacts wrongly, Player1 might &lt;strong&gt;win a Point&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When Player1 is going to try a &amp;quot;Drop Shot&amp;quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; when Player2 is far away from the table, Player1 still has got a lot of choice in Direction (or angle) but that is immaterial because Player2 has to only reach the table quickly and strike back the ball. By the slow hand movement, Player2 knows that a &amp;quot;Drop Shot&amp;quot; is coming, and reaching the table is the only required reaction.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In this case, Player2 can also play a &amp;quot;Drop Shot&amp;quot; which will be closer to the net and Player1 can either risk hitting the table or hitting the net or raising the ball; All these might end with &lt;strong&gt;losing a Point&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Slam&amp;quot; is better than &amp;quot;Drop Shot&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, giving a better chance of &lt;strong&gt;winning a Point&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastActivityDate="2022-05-15T19:05:06.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16815" CreationDate="2022-05-15T20:24:29.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the Cincinnati Reds played the Pittsburgh Pirates at PNC Park on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/reds-vs-pirates/2022/05/15/662519#game_state=final,lock_state=final,game_tab=wrap,game=662519&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;May 15, 2022&lt;/a&gt;, Hunter Green and Art Warren combined for 8 innings with no hits, but Cincinnati lost the game 1-0 after three walks and an RBI fielders choice grounder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23917" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-05-16T01:34:22.110" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T01:34:22.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27929" CreationDate="2022-05-16T14:31:17.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, pit stops can be carried out during a sprint session. As per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/regulation/category/110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt; article 34.5 (bolding mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIA will allocate garages and an area in the pit lane on an equal basis where each&#xA;Competitor may work and, within each of these designated garage areas, one position&#xA;where pit stops during any practice session, &lt;strong&gt;sprint session&lt;/strong&gt; or the race may be carried&#xA;out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to switching between dry and wet weather tyres I can't seem find anything in the  that explicitly matches the scenario that you're describing but there &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; something discussing the reverse scenario in Article 30.5n):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the formation lap is started behind the safety car because of heavy rain (see&#xA;Article 49), or the sprint session or race is resumed in accordance with Article&#xA;58.10a), the use of wet-weather tyres until the safety car returns to the pits is&#xA;compulsory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A penalty under Article 54.3d) will be imposed on any driver who does not use wet&#xA;weather tyres whilst the safety car is on the track at such times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is basically a restriction on safety car starts/restarts in the wet saying that cars can't change to dry tires until after the safety car has gone in. i.e. once the safety car has come in the cars are free to come in to the pits and change to dry-weather tires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2022-05-16T14:31:17.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-21T13:06:00.743" Score="1" ViewCount="1251" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider that the leading car has finished the race, and there are a few cars that have been lapped. Do those drivers need to finish the remaining laps, or do they just need to finish the current lap that they're on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the Sao Paulo GP has 71 laps. Consider a driver that's been lapped twice (currently on lap 69). So, does the lapped driver need to finish  all 71 laps, or just 69 laps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-21T13:56:50.563" LastActivityDate="2022-05-21T18:07:33.323" Title="Do lapped cars need to finish the remaining laps?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26047" CreationDate="2022-05-21T13:23:01.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please refer to the image below. Consider that the brown line is the checkered flag. Then the car P1 position will have checkered flag sign along with P2 driver. This also involves for P13 car behind the P1 and P2 car because the car P13 and so on has been out-lapped by the leader. Hence, the driver will finish the race behind the leader but being outlapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that P11 and P12 car has been pass the brown line but for them, it still not counted as 'finish' because the checkered flag that indicates the finish race will raise when the P1 driver has finish all the laps. So, when P11 and P12 drivers cross the brown line, the leader P1 still not touch the brown line that indicates the race has been finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sDDgX.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sDDgX.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastActivityDate="2022-05-21T13:23:01.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27954" CreationDate="2022-05-21T18:07:33.323" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do not finish any laps that they are down.  The following  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/formula_1_-_sporting_regulations_-_2022_-_iss_6_-_2022-04-29.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt; are relevant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;59.1.   A chequered flag will be the end-of-session signal and will be shown at the Line as soon as the leading car has covered the full&#xA;distance in accordance with Article 5.3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;59.3 After receiving the end-of-session signal all cars must proceed on the circuit directly to the parc fermé without any unnecessary&#xA;delay, without receiving any object whatsoever and without any&#xA;assistance (except that of the marshals if necessary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;62.1 The car placed first will be the one having covered the scheduled distance in the shortest time, or, where appropriate, passed the Line&#xA;in the lead at the end of two (2) hours (or more under Article 5.4).&#xA;All cars will be classified taking into account &lt;strong&gt;the number of complete&#xA;laps they have covered&lt;/strong&gt;, and for those which have completed the same&#xA;number of laps, the order in which they crossed the Line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So under most races the leader brings out the checkered flag at the lap limit and all cars stop racing once they reach the flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going back to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2021/races/1104/brazil/race-result.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brazil 2021&lt;/a&gt;, we can see that only six cars finished on the lead lap.  The remainder are shown without a time and just the fact that they finished more than a lap back.  They have a lap count less than the leader in the official classifications.  That year the two Haas drivers indeed finished 2 laps back and completed only 69 laps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-05-21T18:07:33.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27958" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-23T14:32:19.943" Score="1" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to hear the conversations between the engineer and the driver. One of the conversations they have is talking about the pace. For example, when Checo asked for his and Max's pace, his engineer said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your pace is 28.9 while's Max is 28.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is, what does this number mean?&lt;/strong&gt; It must not be the lap time since, as far as I know, the lap time should be more than a minute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-05-23T18:52:58.903" LastActivityDate="2022-05-23T18:52:58.903" Title="What does a pace of &quot;28.9&quot; or &quot;28.1&quot; mean?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27958" CreationDate="2022-05-23T15:15:09.333" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The driver knows what the lap times are more or less, so they just leave off saying &amp;quot;1 minute&amp;quot; - adding that into the communication would just slow things down and not add any information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brevity is of important when communicating over a noisy channel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-05-23T15:15:09.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-23T22:20:29.327" Score="0" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happened the other day in a game I was watching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were 2 outs with the bases loaded. The batter hit ball over the left fielder's head.  He reached the 3rd base, and 3 runs scored.  The defensive team appealed that the batter missed the second base, umpire later called the batter out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many runs should count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23943" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-05-23T22:29:09.667" LastActivityDate="2022-05-23T23:35:31.763" Title="2 outs with bases loaded, runner misses second" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27960" CreationDate="2022-05-23T23:35:31.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't a force play, so the batter is out either when he is tagged out or when the ball reaches the base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there were runners behind that would otherwise score, then per &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5.09(d)&lt;/a&gt;, they could not score if the runner ahead made the third out on appeal.  But in your scenario, there are no runners behind the play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So all 3 preceding runners score.  The third out happened after they reached home.  If the defense noticed the miss immediately and threw to second rather than to try to tag someone at home, then it would depend on the timing of when the base is tagged and when the runners reach home.  Only the runners reaching the plate prior to the third out can score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-05-23T23:35:31.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-05-25T08:56:11.360" Score="1" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Golden State vs Dallas game on May 24, 2022 Draymond Green shot a free throw which settled on the back of the rim and never dropped off.  What did the referees decide, and what NBA rules cover this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/kQ2bQqWXv_8?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23951" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-05-25T16:23:02.003" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T17:04:15.453" Title="What NBA rules cover Draymond Green's free throw settling on the rim?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27963" CreationDate="2022-05-25T16:21:31.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The free throw was counted as a miss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-5-scoring-and-timing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, rule 5, Section 1(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A legal field goal or free throw attempt shall be scored when a ball from the playing area enters the basket from above and remains in or passes through the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball did not pass through the net nor did it remain in the net, it was not a successful free throw attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-05-25T16:21:31.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10635" CreationDate="2022-05-30T02:59:01.323" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The largest contributing factor for my area would certainly be maintenance. Without a dedicated baseball infield maintenance team, it would be difficult to maintain a playable clay surface. We don't have the funding for that so gravel seems to be the best option at the moment, as well as the weather/wet conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23969" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-05-30T05:28:03.040" LastActivityDate="2022-05-30T05:28:03.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27911" CreationDate="2022-06-02T17:46:08.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, gravel traps are fairly effective at slowing down errant cars in the event of an accident in most cases, even if the driver is no longer in control of the car as in the example of a brake failure where tarmac runoff may not slow the car down at all before it hitting a wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beyond that, I think the most important argument for gravel traps in recent years is that they remove ambiguity regarding track limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the bounaries of the track are defined by white lines, but running wide doesn't lose a driver a lot of time and doesn't come with a high risk of retirement, then the onus is on the stewards to decide whether a car has left the track, and whether or not a car that was off track should be penalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can involve questions including but not limited to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The car ran wide, but did it gain an advantage?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Was the car pushed/forced off track?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did the driver only go off track to avoid an accident?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there clear video evidence of whether or not a tyre was still in contact with the white line? Not every corner can generally be policed with sensors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is actually the track limit? In the past, this has been white lines, kerbs, secondary kerbs etc., often different from corner to corner.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that from year to year, both the actual rules and their enforcement change quite a lot, which doesn't help clarity in the eyes of the audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, track limit penalties are rarely black and white and can take time to decide upon and enforce. This leaves fans wondering about the outcome, for many laps or in some cases for long after the end of a race or qualifying session, which is clearly not ideal. Even if a decision is reached relatively quickly, it may still be controversial, and there can be an impression that rules are not applied consistenly or equally because human judgement is involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, gravel traps are clear and immediate. If you touch one, you lose a lot of time and risk getting stuck and/or damaging parts of the car. The outcome cannot be argued with. It may not always be fair in the sense that a driver may be penalised even if they were forced wide, or for some other reason were not at fault for ending up there, but the outcome is fair in the sense that gravel traps do not have any biases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth pointing out that they have signifcant drawbacks as well, some of which are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can flip a car quite easily if it enters the gravel trap sideways&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are expensive to maintain&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tarmac runoff usually makes it easier to slow down a car if the driver is still somewhat in control&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A penalty may be preferable from a spectator point of view to a long delay and safety car period if a car gets stuck in the middle of a gravel trap and need to be recovered&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cars taking trips through gravel traps can drag stones back onto the circuit which can then cause punctures or can be thrown up towards the cockpit of following cars, both of which are safety concerns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On track days or test days, when the track is not used for racing, gravel traps can cause unnecessary damage to cars (which is a key argument at Paul Ricard as it is primarily a testing circuit)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can make rollover protection of open cockpit cars less effective if the roll hoop digs into the gravel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14737" LastActivityDate="2022-06-02T17:46:08.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-03T05:02:52.820" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the wicketkeeper removes the bails, but keeps them in their hands, is it out or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the bails have to land on the ground or can they remain off the ground once removed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23982" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-06-03T05:28:49.163" LastActivityDate="2022-06-03T05:47:23.830" Title="Can the bails be kept in the hands when a wicketkeeper attempts a stumping?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27979" CreationDate="2022-06-03T05:47:23.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;h3&gt;The wicket is down and the striker is &lt;em&gt;out, Stumped&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the Laws of Cricket, Law 29 The Wicket Is Down:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.1 Wicket put down&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.1.1&lt;/strong&gt;  The wicket is put down &lt;em&gt;if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.1.1.5&lt;/strong&gt; by a fielder with his/her hand or arm, providing that the ball is held in the hand or hands so used, or in the hand of the arm so used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;29.1.2&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;em&gt;disturbance of a bail, whether temporary or not, shall not constitute its complete removal&lt;/em&gt; from the top of the stumps, but &lt;em&gt;if a bail in falling lodges between two of the stumps this shall be regarded as complete removal&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with emphasis added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes it clear that the wicket is down at the moment the bail(s) have been removed, provided such removal is permanent and not merely a &amp;quot;disturbance&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 39 Stumped then only requires&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;39.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; The striker is out Stumped, except as in 39.3, if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a ball which is delivered is not called No ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and  he/she is out of his/her ground, other than as in 39.3.1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and  he/she has not attempted a run &lt;em&gt;when his/her wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper&lt;/em&gt; without the intervention of another fielder. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that is, the requirement that the wicket is put down has no further conditions beyond the definition in Law 29.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is never a requirement that the bails go anywhere particular, or in fact that they be removed, or that they are even present at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a bail is removed, it does not matter where it goes next, as long as it's not simply back onto the top of the stumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-06-03T05:47:23.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27981" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-05T22:46:25.053" Score="3" ViewCount="2720" Body="&lt;p&gt;I became curious what the bare minimum requirements are to have one's name engraved on the Stanley cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is what I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.msgnetworks.com/2017/04/10/10-random-facts-about-the-stanley-cup-trophy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official rule is that for a player to have their name engraved&#xA;on the Stanley Cup, they must have played at least half the regular&#xA;season (41 games) or one game in the Stanley Cup Finals for the&#xA;Cup-winning team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When they say &amp;quot;one game in the Stanley cup Finals,&amp;quot; does it mean one of the games in the Stanley cup final series?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if someone played only one of the conference final series games and only 10 regular season games, that player would not qualify for their name to be etched on to the cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23988" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-04-21T07:34:04.890" LastActivityDate="2023-04-21T07:34:04.890" Title="Bare minimum criteria to have name engraved on the Stanley cup" Tags="|ice-hockey|nhl|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27984" CreationDate="2022-06-06T06:13:45.107" Score="2" ViewCount="704" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't know there is an exception for offside for attackers if one does not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;retrieve or attempt to retrieve the ball,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;move towards it, or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;move at all while another attacker receives it (or not) who was not in an offside position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtube.com/clip/UgkxdQsi1TRyWf11GcowbXmBlk1DLyHhigE4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the third goal in this YouTube video&lt;/a&gt; has a player stand still when the ball almost makes contact with him, and is not penalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know since when there is such a rule? Or what is the specific exception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23991" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-06-06T07:47:18.990" LastActivityDate="2022-06-06T07:47:18.990" Title="Non-moving attacker exception to the offside rule; what is it? When was it implemented?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27982" CreationDate="2022-06-06T07:17:32.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no &lt;em&gt;generic&lt;/em&gt; exception for &amp;quot;non-moving&amp;quot;; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/offside/#offside-offence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 11&lt;/a&gt; sets out the situations in which a offside offence is committed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;interfering with an opponent [...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent [...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the clip you have linked to, the player in the offside position is not doing any of those things so no offence is committed. However, had they been stood stationary in front of the goalkeeper, hindering the goalkeeper's ability to see and/or play the ball, that would have been an offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-06-06T07:17:32.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27982" CreationDate="2022-06-06T07:37:33.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;h2&gt;This is just the definition of an &lt;em&gt;offside offence&lt;/em&gt; in the Law Of The Game being applied as it always has.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 11.2 is the text you need. Quoted in part to illustrate the key points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;2. Offside Offence&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched* by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;interfering with an opponent by [doing any of a list of specific actions]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has [rebounded or deflected off anything except a teammate or been saved by an opponent]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no exception needed. Unless such a player has done something that in the opinion of the referee, meets one of the requirements above, that player has not committed an offside offence, and therefore should not be penalised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your key issue lies in separating an &lt;em&gt;offside offence&lt;/em&gt; from merely being in an &lt;em&gt;offside position&lt;/em&gt;. It has been decades since these were considered the same thing, and even then, not by every association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shift from treating any player in offside position (PIOP) as also committing an offence if they so much as look in the ball's direction has been shifting more towards the treatment seen in the video for around 10-15 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, unless the PIOP actually does something to affect play, their presence is irrelevant; if where they stand now means nothing, where they stood five seconds ago is even less important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, as with all sports, it takes time for these technical points to move into the collective minds of teams and team officials, let alone that of spectators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-06-06T07:37:33.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27985" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-06T22:25:50.393" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Edmonton Oilers currently trail the Colorado Avalanche by 3–0 in the Western Conference series.  We know that there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/26049/history-of-reverse-sweeps-in-the-stanley-cups-finals&quot;&gt;a small amount of precedent&lt;/a&gt; for an NHL team to come back from such a deficit.  However, as someone who would love to see a Canada-based team win the Cup and has been let down for nearly three freakin' decades, I am steeling myself for some cruel disappointment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ultimate heartbreak scenario for me would be that Edmonton wins the next three games and then loses Game 7.  How often has this happened in NHL history?  In other words, in what playoff series has the record been AAABBBA, where &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; means a win by Team A and B means a win by Team B?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22178" LastActivityDate="2022-06-07T11:55:09.397" Title="How many times in NHL history has a team *almost* come back from a 3-0 deficit in a playoff series?" Tags="|trivia|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|stanley-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27985" CreationDate="2022-06-07T01:15:09.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently I used the wrong search terms, because shortly after I posted the question I found the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_teams_to_overcome_3%E2%80%930_series_deficits#Unsuccessful_comebacks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on teams who overcame 3–0 series deficits,&lt;/a&gt; which includes unsuccessful comebacks as well.  This has apparently happened five times in NHL history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1939 Stanley Cup semifinals:  New York Rangers vs. Boston Bruins&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1945 Stanley Cup finals: Detroit Red Wings vs. Toronto Maple Leafs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1975 Stanley Cup semifinals:  New York Islanders vs. Philadelphia Flyers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011 Western Conference quarterfinals:  Chicago Blackhawks vs. Vancouver Canucks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2011 Western Conference semifinals:  Detroit Red Wings vs. San Jose Sharks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all of the above listed cases, the team listed second ultimately won the series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1975 Stanley Cup semifinals are a particularly interesting case, as the Islanders had come back from a 3–0 deficit against the Penguins in the previous round.  In other words, had the Islanders won Game 7 of the semifinals, they would have completed comebacks from 3–0 deficits in two consecutive series.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22178" LastEditorUserId="22178" LastEditDate="2022-06-07T11:55:09.397" LastActivityDate="2022-06-07T11:55:09.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27981" CreationDate="2022-06-07T13:30:06.490" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct. A player must play in the Stanley Cup Finals series or 41 regular season games to automatically qualify for engraving on the Stanley Cup. A team can petition for others to be included, but this is usually reserved for injured players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, in 2018 Jakub Jerabek was acquired by the Washington Capitals in a near trade deadline deal, played 11 regular season games and the first two games of the first round playoff series. His name is not engraved on the Stanley Cup for the Caps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2022-06-07T13:30:06.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27899" CreationDate="2022-06-09T11:53:02.607" Score="5" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Safety, mostly&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A basketball team that loses very badly is humiliated. A boxer (or wrestler, mixed martial artist, etc.) who loses very badly might be severely hurt or even killed. Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_class_(boxing)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, weight classes were originally established in boxing because &amp;quot;size mismatches were dangerous for the smaller boxer and unsatisfying for the spectators&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21709" LastActivityDate="2022-06-09T11:53:02.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27993" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-09T12:34:48.673" Score="0" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;During 2021, there were 4 champions competing in F1: Hamilton, Vettel, Raikkonen, and Alonso. There are also 4 champions competing in 2022: Hamilton, Vettel, Verstappen, and Alonso. I want to know which year had the most champions competing in Formula 1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-06-09T13:26:13.223" LastActivityDate="2022-06-09T13:37:55.120" Title="What year had the most champions racing in Formula 1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27993" CreationDate="2022-06-09T13:37:55.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Formula_One_World_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 2012 season&lt;/a&gt;, which had 6 former world champions on the grid: Sebastian Vettel, Fernando Alonso, Jenson Button, Lewis Hamilton, Kimi Raikkonen, and Michael Schumacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were 5 world champions on the grid in 2011 (all of the above except Raikkonen), and again from 2013 to 2016 (all of the above except Schumacher). The only other time this has happened was the 1970 Mexican Grand Prix (Jackie Stewart, Jack Brabham, Graham Hill, Denny Hulme, John Surtees).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-06-09T13:37:55.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="27999" CreationDate="2022-06-10T09:56:54.033" Score="1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess the differences are high in sports requiring a lot of muscles like running or swimming. But I wanted to know the sports in which men's score or time  is very close to women's. Maybe there are actually some sports where the difference is negative meaning women perform better than men in those activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24014" LastActivityDate="2022-06-10T10:18:19.700" Title="In what individual sports, are men and women performances differences the lowest?" Tags="|performance|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2022-06-13T09:02:42.367" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="27999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27998" CreationDate="2022-06-10T10:18:19.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The canonical answer here is extreme ultra-distance running; at least according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.runnersworld.com/uk/news/a36528666/ultrarunning-more-popular-than-ever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Runner's World article&lt;/a&gt;, women are faster at distances over 195 miles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, women are probably equal to men for various shooting sports - see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_records_in_archery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic archery records&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_records_in_shooting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Olympic shooting records&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on how you define &amp;quot;individual&amp;quot; sport, women are again the equal of men in equestrian sports, to the point where they the events are mixed gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-06-10T10:18:19.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-11T04:30:25.173" Score="0" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lewis Hamilton has 8 victories at the British GP. Is there any driver that has more than 8 victories at a specific venue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-06-11T08:27:02.040" LastActivityDate="2022-06-12T12:04:28.640" Title="Which driver has the most wins at a specific venue?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28000" CreationDate="2022-06-12T11:12:21.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, 8 is the most. Other venues where 8 was achieved are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_driver_records#Most_wins_at_the_same_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schumacher at the French GP and Hamilton at the Hungarian GP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20769" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-06-12T12:04:28.640" LastActivityDate="2022-06-12T12:04:28.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8545" CreationDate="2022-06-15T02:30:09.083" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Boog Powell played first base for the Baltimore Orioles from 1961 until 1974. I recall watching baseball on color TV (which was fairly new technology) and seeing Powell play for Baltimore against other American League teams. The Baltimore fans would chant, &amp;quot;Boooooog,&amp;quot; when he did anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24030" LastActivityDate="2022-06-15T02:30:09.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28007" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-15T15:51:06.157" Score="0" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just by seeing the layout of the F1 track, is it possible to know if it is a low downforce or high downforce track?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any new track layout (recently concluded Miami GP), how do F1 teams know if it is low or high downforce?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2022-06-18T17:46:38.000" Title="How can a non-expert in F1 know about the downforce of the track?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28010" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-16T14:22:32.647" Score="4" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say Julio Jones got released right after the 2022 playoff game between the Tennessee Titans and the Cincinnati Bengals. Would Julio Jones be able to go play for the Kansas City Chiefs one week later in the AFC championship game in the same post season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24035" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-06-16T15:35:26.907" LastActivityDate="2022-07-04T08:14:18.973" Title="Can a NFL player play for two different NFL teams in the same post season?" Tags="|rules|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29312" CreationDate="2022-06-16T18:43:33.643" Score="4" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was in a group of four when a couple of our players dropped discs into a mucky pond on hole 10.  We hugged the side of the pond as I retrieved the discs with a disc retriever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other members of my group waved a group of three behind us to play through.  Two of their group threw inland and past our group, but the last one threw short and into the pond far beyond easy retrievability.  As I was casting the retriever, the rest of my group was tracking their throws so we could get out of the way, if necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As they passed us, one of them yelled at our group that we should have gotten off the fairway, though we were tight on the pond and there wasn't any easy way out of the fairway.  He also said our presence caused his friend to throw his disk in the pond.  The two other members of the party looked uncomfortable with his behavior.  Finally, he added that it shouldn't take four people to retrieve a disk (we didn't want to break our party up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though I was not sure our party was in the wrong, I apologized to avoid escalation.  Was our party in the wrong?  Should we have written off the disks as lost rather than retrieve them?  What is the proper etiquette here for both parties?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, this was hole 10 at &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn5-hosted.civiclive.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_1881137/File/Things%20to%20Do/Parks%20Open%20Spaces/Parks/Listings/021405.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Centre Hills Disk Course&lt;/a&gt;.  In this image, the tee box is on the right, baskets on the left, and our party was hugging the bank of the pond.  The stream was too high to be crossable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qVYTt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qVYTt.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24036" LastEditorUserId="24036" LastEditDate="2022-06-16T19:37:31.893" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T18:44:29.853" Title="Disc golf retrieval etiquette" Tags="|etiquette|disc-golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28013" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28014" CreationDate="2022-06-17T16:53:18.760" Score="1" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following list are featured golfers at the US Open:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Justin Thomas&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tony Finau&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Victor Hovland&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Brooks Koepka&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cameron Smith&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Scottie Scheffler&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rory McIlroy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hideki Matsuyama&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Xander Schauffele&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adam Scott&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jordan Spieth&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Max Homa&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing in common about this list is that it does not include a LIV Golf golfer (such as Phil Mickelson or Dustin Johnson). Is the US Open deliberately keeping coverage away from LIV Golf golfers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24043" LastActivityDate="2022-06-17T18:19:50.163" Title="Why are there no LIV Golf golfers in US Open featured groups?" Tags="|golf|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28013" CreationDate="2022-06-17T18:19:50.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;LIV players are banned from PGA tour and its events. The US Open is not run by the PGA, so the organizers let LIV players to still play this year. But they may ban them in the coming years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/golf/news/usga-liv-golf-players-suspended-pga-tour-us-open/rvmtqlwkt6jzqmwdztnqt9ba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's an article&lt;/a&gt; that talks about this in more details. At the end of the day, tournaments like The Masters that are invitational only, or those like the US Open that have a non PGA governing body (in this case USGA) can chose who they let to play. They're allowed to play for now, but don't expect them to be treated the same during broadcasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-06-17T18:19:50.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28007" CreationDate="2022-06-18T17:46:38.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Downforce helps you take corners faster, as the car will stick to the track more, but it also reduces top speed (as it introduces more drag) so on a track with lots of corners and shorter straights, you want to sacrifice top speed for more downforce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: Imola, Monaco, Spain&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a track with fewer corners and lots of long straights, you want to sacrifice downforce to increase your top speed on the straights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: Canada, Austria, Russia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a viewer, you can use this to judge a track at a glance, and then get an idea of which teams are likely to perform better (i.e. a team whose cars have a better engine with higher top speeds, or a team whose cars have lower top speeds, but are much better at cornering).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for how F1 teams know? Lots and lots of testing. Simulations, practice runs with varying fuel loads, different tyres, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They use all of this data to calculate the optimal configuration of the car to get the best lap times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3655" LastActivityDate="2022-06-18T17:46:38.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-20T15:08:41.847" Score="0" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several websites stating this top for World Cup assists&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1- Pele (10)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2- Messi (6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3- James Rodriguez (5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4- Juan Cuadrado (5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5- Thomas Muller (4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.worldcupglory.com/records/most-assists-in-fifa-world-cup/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Most assists in World cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://khelnow.com/football/top-five-players-most-assists-fifa-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Top 5 players most assists in World Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But they have to be wrong, because Maradona is said to give 8 assists in World Cups, and I know from other sources that in 1986 alone he gave 5 assists (and 5 goals)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.besoccer.com/new/maradona-dies-his-world-cup-stats-which-may-never-be-matched-920741#:%7E:text=As%20well%20as%20eight%20goals,player%20has%20accumulated%20as%20many.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Maradona: His World Cup stats which may never be matched&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how many assists did Maradona give in World Cups?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-10-20T07:32:03.673" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T07:32:03.673" Title="How many assists did Maradona give in World Cups?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18768" CreationDate="2022-06-21T07:14:31.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Frans Bosch who is a renowned performance coach from Netherlands, this so-called &amp;quot;option posture&amp;quot; tenses up the muscles in the front side of the body by pushing one's hips forward (which is why it looks like one's uncrouching) which is important when initiating any sort of change of direction which in this case is starting a movement from a standstill position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24055" LastActivityDate="2022-06-21T07:14:31.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-21T16:14:05.603" Score="0" ViewCount="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had earlier posted a question in Sports Stack Exchange on porpoising (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/27852/porpoising-and-fia-simulations&quot;&gt;Porpoising and FIA simulations&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recent controversy on this matter during Canadian GP in the form of a technical directive by F1 is a clear indication that FIA simulations did not predict vertical oscillations while they were finalizing the regulations for 2022 cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now can we say that there were indeed shortcomings in CFD simulations by FIA that eventually opened the doors for Red Bull to take maximum advantage of the regulations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is quite evident from the helmet cam that porpoising is least in Red Bull cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastActivityDate="2022-06-21T16:14:05.603" Title="Porpoising controversy at Canadian GP" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2022-06-21T16:51:08.920" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28022" CreationDate="2022-06-22T18:48:42.027" Score="0" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I remember correctly, during the NBA draft and maybe even the NFL draft, if teams trade picks, they can't announce the trade until both teams have drafted their respective players.  Only then can they announce the trade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read somewhere that before the draft, they can trade picks and announce on the news.  During the draft, they can only trade draft rights and not draft picks.  Why do these league do this?  What is the reasoning for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2022-06-22T22:06:18.320" Title="During the draft, why are draft rights traded and not draft picks?" Tags="|nfl|nba|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28021" CreationDate="2022-06-22T22:06:18.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One reason why draft rights are traded in the NBA are because you're &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nba/news/nba-draft-pick-trade-rights-lakers-trail-blazers/yet2tczg85jt1daia45v8towi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not allowed to trade consecutive first round picks&lt;/a&gt;.  I.e., if you trade your only 2020 first round pick, you must make a 2021 first round pick - you can't trade it.  However, you &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; make the pick &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt; trade the player's rights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, on draft day, picks can only be traded until &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nba/2018/06/21/draft-day-trade-rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2:00 PM Eastern Time&lt;/a&gt;; after that, they must trade draft rights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-06-22T22:06:18.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-23T13:59:19.153" Score="0" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-england-2022-1276891/england-vs-new-zealand-3rd-test-1276903/live-cricket-score&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3rd Test of New Zealand's 2022 tour of England&lt;/a&gt;, Jack Leach took the Wicket of Will Young with his first ball in the 13th over of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally in Tests, and especially in England, spin bowlers are normally introduced into the game at a much later time than the 13th over - perhaps an exploratory over just before Lunch - when there are rough patches for them to aim at; so a spinner taking a Wicket this early in a Test Match is somewhat unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the earliest time (in terms of balls bowled) has a spinner taken a Wicket in a Test Match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarification, I am talking about the first innings of a Test Match, as I am aware that Ravi Ashwin has taken a Wicket with the very first ball of an innings, though that was in the batting team's second innings, third innings overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-06-23T14:13:37.033" Title="What is the earliest time in a Test Match that a Spinner has taken a Wicket?" Tags="|cricket|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28025" CreationDate="2022-06-23T14:13:37.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer here will be one of the early Test matches played on uncovered wickets - spinners would often open the bowling in those days. We don't have anything like full ball-by-ball records for those matches so it's always going to be speculation to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As one example here, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-1884-61343/england-vs-australia-2nd-test-62410/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2nd Test of the 1884 Ashes Tour to England&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_McDonnell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Percy McDonnell&lt;/a&gt; was bowled by  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Peate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ted Peate&lt;/a&gt;, a slow left-armer, in the first innings of the Test without a run on the board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-06-23T14:13:37.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28028" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-06-24T09:33:33.593" Score="-2" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the podium ceremony is held, the top three drivers are up there along with one team principal. I assume that the team principal is that of the winning constructor for that particular race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say that Hamilton finished P1, Sainz P2, and Verstappen P3, while their team-mates retired. Then, Tsunoda and Gasly were P4 and P5. So, the winning constructor for that race should be the team of Tsunoda and Gasly (AlphaTauri), right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user23792" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-06-24T18:38:23.030" LastActivityDate="2022-06-24T18:43:26.553" Title="Who is the winning constructor for a particular race?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28033" CreationDate="2022-06-24T15:21:31.453" Score="1" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, if you have a screen angled towards the baseline, with the shooter using the screen running up from the baseline, you call that a &amp;quot;pindown&amp;quot;. If you have a screen around the top of the key for a shooter running parallel to the baseline out to the slot, you call that a &amp;quot;flare screen&amp;quot;. But is there a standard name for a screen on the baseline for a shooter running parallel to the baseline, away from the basket (often to take a baseline jumper)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24063" LastEditorUserId="24063" LastEditDate="2022-06-28T09:51:05.433" LastActivityDate="2022-06-28T12:12:22.633" Title="Is there a name for a basketball screen on the baseline for a shooter running away from the basket?" Tags="|basketball|terminology|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28028" CreationDate="2022-06-24T18:43:26.553" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The winning constructor for a race is simply the constructor for whom the winning driver raced. In your example, Mercedes would be the winning constructor, because their driver, Lewis Hamilton, won the race. It would therefore be Mercedes team principal Toto Wolff (or another Mercedes team member - it's not &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; the team principal these days) on the podium with Hamilton, Sainz, and Verstappen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can confirm this by checking the &amp;quot;Results&amp;quot; section for any given season on Wikipedia - the winning driver and winning constructor will always match. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship#Grands_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here are the 2020 results, for example&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-06-24T18:43:26.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28029" CreationDate="2022-06-27T19:23:27.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you are referring to a &lt;strong&gt;Flex Screen&lt;/strong&gt; here, which is when that baseline screen is set on the the baseline, usually the opposite side of the floor from the ball, and the recipient cuts along the baseline off the screen (see #10 on this article from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketballforcoaches.com/basketball-screens/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BasketballForCoaches.com&lt;/a&gt;). You can also see some common names for many common screen tactics on that page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22056" LastActivityDate="2022-06-27T19:23:27.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28029" CreationDate="2022-06-28T12:12:22.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In @jros's &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/28032/24063&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt;, they link an article from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketballforcoaches.com/basketball-screens/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BasketballForCoaches.com&lt;/a&gt; where it defines a flare screen as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;an off-ball screen that allows a player to cut away from the basketball to a spot somewhere around the perimeter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This fits the situation described, except on the baseline. So I think it would be reasonable to call this kind of screen a &amp;quot;baseline flare screen&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24063" LastActivityDate="2022-06-28T12:12:22.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28036" CreationDate="2022-06-29T12:24:53.340" Score="0" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, I was in a 8 vs 8 football game the other day and the striker was getting ready to line up for a shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the CDM managed to run from the back right side of the striker and nick/kick the ball away from the striker (by sticking a leg from the side and without slide tackling) in the last second before they were able to shoot. Instead the striker then kicked the CDMs back calf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The CDM was able to continue to run for the ball for half a second but since they got kicked in the calf quite hard, they fell to the ground (it was a small knock).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The CDM claimed it was the defending teams foul since they got to the ball first, cleanly and without fouling or touching the ST.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ST claimed that it was actually the attacking teams foul because they had possession of the ball and the defender came from behind and obstructed the shot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both points were valid and we couldn't agree, so the defending team decided to give the ball back to the attacking teams goalie and restart the play from the back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I was wondering, who should get the foul in this instance... the CDM or the ST? Or are both points valid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24073" LastEditorUserId="24073" LastEditDate="2022-06-29T12:44:44.210" LastActivityDate="2022-06-29T18:17:35.033" Title="Is it the CDM's foul if they cleanly kick the ball away from the attaker before the shot but then get kicked instead by the attacker in the process?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28035" CreationDate="2022-06-29T18:17:35.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situations like this one should always be backed with visual evidence, otherwise it's hard to tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on what you've provided the defending player (CDM) should have been awarded a free-kick. The striker was simply too late or too slow. Things like that happen all the time. They're not reckless or dangerous, but they're a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The STs claim would have been ok, if the CDM stuck their leg out without touching the ball. (Again, no visual evidence, no &amp;quot;real&amp;quot; answer possible.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2022-06-29T18:17:35.033" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28039" CreationDate="2022-06-30T10:55:57.867" Score="1" ViewCount="1081" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading an old newspaper published in the 1940s about a soccer game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The positions were GK, RB, LB, RH, CH, LH, RW, RI, C, LI, and LW.&#xA;B is for backs and W is for wings which are obvious,&#xA;but I can't figure out what H and I mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T11:13:13.850" Title="What do LI, RI, LH, CH, RH mean in old soccer positions?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28037" CreationDate="2022-06-30T11:12:56.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you're looking at here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)#Pyramid_(2%E2%80%933%E2%80%935)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pyramid formation&lt;/a&gt; or a close variation. In modern terms, we'd denote this as a 2-3-5 formation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;GK is the goalkeeper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[R/L]B are the right and left fullbacks, essentially what we'd call the defenders today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[R/C/L]H are the right, centre and left halfbacks, what we'd call midfielders today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The forward line is from right to left the right winger (RW), the right inside (RI), the centre forward (C), the left inside (LI) and the left winger (LW).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T11:12:56.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28037" CreationDate="2022-06-30T11:13:13.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the standard &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_(association_football)#Pyramid_(2%E2%80%933%E2%80%935)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2-3-5 formation&lt;/a&gt;, which was the most popular formation in the sport from the 1890s until about the 1930s, but which is now extremely archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As you mentioned, the RB and LB are the right-back and left-back, the two defensive positions. They would have been positioned similarly to the two center-backs in a modern 4-4-2 system.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The RH, CH, and LH are the right-half, center-half, and left-half, collectively known as &amp;quot;half-backs&amp;quot;. These, at the time, were analogous to modern midfielders, but over time they moved backwards into defence and the full-backs were moved wider to accommodate them. &amp;quot;Center-half&amp;quot; is now an archaic synonym for &amp;quot;center-back&amp;quot;, while the concept of &amp;quot;right-half&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;left-half&amp;quot; no longer exists in the modern game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The five upfront players were the outside-left (or left-wing), the inside-left, the center-forward, the inside-right, and the outside-right (or right-wing). In your newspaper article, &amp;quot;RI&amp;quot; would denote the inside-right and &amp;quot;LI&amp;quot; would denote the inside-left - again, these are concepts that no longer exist.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T11:13:13.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28041" CreationDate="2022-06-30T14:44:59.577" Score="2" ViewCount="419" Body="&lt;p&gt;Women's soccer is played for 2 halves at 45 minutes with 15 minute break in between, just like men &lt;a href=&quot;https://yoursoccerhome.com/how-long-is-a-womens-soccer-game/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://yoursoccerhome.com/how-long-is-a-womens-soccer-game/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, men have to play best of 5 sets in tennis, whereas women play best of 3. Is this the only sport which has less stamina requirements for women?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17632" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-06-30T15:23:00.717" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T17:19:58.760" Title="Is women's tennis the only sport which is shorter than men?" Tags="|rules|tennis|international-sports|performance|gender|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28040" CreationDate="2022-06-30T15:42:43.907" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, lots of sports have different rules related to timing, though I'd note that it's unclear how much this is due to stamina versus money/historical interest.  Stamina is not straightforward question between men and women (see: extreme long distance running, women hold the records, not men).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Softball is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamusa.org/-/media/USA_Softball/Documents/2020/USA-2020-Rulebook.pdf?la=en&amp;amp;hash=D84E07B841E1A108FC2BF269434C7854DCB57526&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7 innings&lt;/a&gt; versus baseball being &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9 innings&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2022/05/2022-WNBA-RULE-BOOK-FINAL.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WNBA periods are 10 minutes, 40 minute games&lt;/a&gt; while &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-5-scoring-and-timing/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA periods are 12 minutes, 48 minute games&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golf could be another one here - while the &amp;quot;length&amp;quot; of the game is the same, moving the tees forward makes it a shorter game (or rather, aims to make it the same length-of-time instead of longer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-06-30T15:46:18.320" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T15:46:18.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28040" CreationDate="2022-06-30T17:19:58.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In athletics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The women run &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres_hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;100m hurdles&lt;/a&gt; while the men run &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110_metres_hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;110m hurdles&lt;/a&gt;; the hurdles are also lower for women than men.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While men and women both run &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400_metres_hurdles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;400m hurdles&lt;/a&gt;, the hurdles are again lower for women.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discus_throw#Regulations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;discus&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javelin_throw#Weight_rules_by_age_group&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;javelin&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_put#Weight&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shot&lt;/a&gt; are all lighter for women than for men.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The women's multi-discipline event has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7 events&lt;/a&gt; while the men's has &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10 events&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T17:19:58.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28044" CreationDate="2022-06-30T21:03:39.043" Score="3" ViewCount="843" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any situation that makes it possible for a single player to have two consecutive at bats for their team? I was imagining this could happen by the batter getting on base, and then being replaced by a pinch runner. Then, the original batter pinch hits for the next person in the lineup. Is something like this possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24077" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-11-09T11:01:46.293" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T11:01:46.293" Title="Is it possible for a batter to be at bat twice in a row?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28043" CreationDate="2022-06-30T21:46:45.807" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not possible, at least as you explain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, once you're removed from the game, you're done for the day - at least in &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/mlb&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;mlb&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;mlb&lt;/a&gt;.  In some other leagues, there may be re-entry permitted, but for example in &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn1.sportngin.com/attachments/document/4e43-2354531/2020_NFHS_Baseball_Rulebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;high school baseball&lt;/a&gt; they must occupy the same position in the batting order as they originally did.  No ruleset I'm aware of allows arbitrary re-entry.  If it were possible, then you'd simply have your best hitter bat repeatedly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few cases that are adjacent, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the inning ends on a caught stealing or similar, while a batter is at bat, they will again be at bat in the following inning, in a new at bat.  The former at bat didn't technically occur, though, and won't be charged to their stats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/mlb&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;mlb&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;mlb&lt;/a&gt;, in the 10th and subsequent inning, the batter during the last out will start the inning on 2nd base.  They don't get credit for an at bat, though, as they don't bat, they just stand on 2nd automatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-06-30T21:46:45.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28048" CreationDate="2022-07-01T10:46:32.283" Score="0" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 100 m sprint competition starts from standing still. I was wondering, are there records of people running 100 m with starting speed different from zero?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would imagine sprinters might be able to do it faster than in the race starting from 0 speed if the 100 m are counted from somewhere after that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24079" LastActivityDate="2022-07-01T14:17:22.457" Title="Sprint running record with non-null initial speed (100 m)" Tags="|records|running|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28046" CreationDate="2022-07-01T11:41:43.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe anyone keeps official records for this, but you can guesstimate something from the 4×100m relay, which includes three flying start legs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay#Men_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's 4×100m world record of 36.84s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Subtract (say) 9.90s as the typical time for the &amp;quot;standing&amp;quot; start first leg = 26.94s&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Divide by 3 = 8.98s&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is significantly shorter than the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres#All-time_top_25_men&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's 100m world record of 9.58s&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-07-01T11:41:43.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28046" CreationDate="2022-07-01T14:17:22.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2009 Great City Games in Manchester, England, Usain Bolt won the 150m event in a time of 14.35s, which remains the world best for that event. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.givemesport.com/87992994-usain-bolts-2009-150m-race-is-the-fastest-race-in-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bolt ran the final 100m in a time of 8.70s&lt;/a&gt;, an average speed of 25.71mph, which &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt#Personal_bests&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; claims without citation to be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alltime-athletics.com/m4x100ok.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This source&lt;/a&gt; found by @ImClarky lists Bolt as having run 100m in 8.69s during Jamaica's 4x100m relay victory at the 2013 World Championships in Moscow, but I'm unsure of its accuracy and can't find any corroborating sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-07-01T14:17:22.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28050" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-02T02:04:37.903" Score="0" ViewCount="876" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between using a hybrid string setup of natural gut and polyester strings, compared to a full bed of polys?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11943" LastActivityDate="2022-10-19T16:20:27.623" Title="Full polys vs. hybrids (poly and natural gut)" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28051" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-02T08:31:23.013" Score="2" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been many &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5oTBIxbBOA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tennis shots that went around the net post&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But has any tennis player ever hit a shot that went &lt;em&gt;behind&lt;/em&gt; the umpire's chair and still landed inbounds in a singles match? There are some tennis courts that have enough space where this is theoretically possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TdtkN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TdtkN.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I already found that it happened in a doubles match at the college level, when &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.marca.com/en/more-sports/2020/03/11/5e692ba8268e3e262a8b45cb.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gregor Ramskogler&lt;/a&gt; did it for Mississippi State against Tennessee on or about March 8, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2022-07-02T09:24:41.247" LastActivityDate="2022-07-02T09:24:41.247" Title="Has a tennis player ever hit a shot behind the umpire's chair that landed inbounds in a singles match?" Tags="|tennis|history|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25611" CreationDate="2022-07-03T04:54:18.117" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think its ever happened. The closest would probably be Steve Young but he did sit on the bench behind Montana for a few years. Kurt Warner might be a possibility but I think he was signed as a free agent and not traded for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24086" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-07-03T10:17:43.753" LastActivityDate="2022-07-03T10:17:43.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28057" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-03T16:25:03.847" Score="1" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/watch-babar-azam-found-guilty-of-illegal-fielding-pakistan-face-5-run-penalty-article-92139648&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one incident&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pakistan captain Babar was found guilty of 'illegal fielding' after he handled a ball using wicket-keeping gloves&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the wicket-keep intentionally dropped his gloves to better hold the ball and throw it towards the stumps. The fielder, just having mindless fun, decided to wear the gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more incidents like that, but restricting to only this Incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-fielder&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCC&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.2 Fielding the ball&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;28.2.1 A fielder may field the ball with ....&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;.... have fielded the ball illegally if&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;28.2.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; uses anything other than part of his/her person to field the ball.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;28.2.1.3&lt;/strong&gt; discards a piece of clothing, equipment or any other object which subsequently makes contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &lt;strong&gt;28.2.1.1&lt;/strong&gt;, Babar (who used some equipment) is at fault for &amp;quot;fielding illegally&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;By &lt;strong&gt;28.2.1.3&lt;/strong&gt;, the wicket-keeper (who discarded the equipment, which made contact with the ball) is at fault for &amp;quot;fielding illegally&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, Babar is already at fault for wearing the gloves, but is he also at fault for &amp;quot;fielding illegally&amp;quot; ?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Or is it the wicket-keeper who is at fault for &amp;quot;fielding illegally&amp;quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is curiosity to know this, but it may have implications on who pays the fine and whose record shows the fault for &amp;quot;fielding illegally&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9253" LastEditorUserId="9253" LastEditDate="2022-07-03T16:38:54.453" LastActivityDate="2022-07-03T16:57:21.480" Title="Who is at fault when fielder uses gloves?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28057" CreationDate="2022-07-03T16:57:21.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wicket-keeper did nothing wrong; it is perfectly acceptable (and relatively common) for the wicket-keeper to discard their gloves if they field a ball away from the wicket and wish to throw the ball, normally to run to run a batter out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that a &lt;em&gt;literal&lt;/em&gt; reading of the Laws means that the wicket-keeper is responsible here, but the reasoning behind 28.2.1.3 is to prevent a player doing something like throwing their hat at the ball in order to stop it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-07-03T16:57:21.480" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28010" CreationDate="2022-07-03T22:01:08.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was possible only for the 2020 season, due to special rules the NFL adopted due to COVID-19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Green Bay Packers actually had 2 players that year who could have played for 2 different teams in the postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offensive lineman Jared Veldheer played for the Colts in the wild-card game against the Bills. Then the Packers signed him off the Colts practice squad before they played the Rams in the divisional round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/jared-veldheer-to-make-nfl-history-by-playing-for-two-teams-in-the-same-playoffs-after-signing-with-packers/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS article&lt;/a&gt; explains that situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;offensive lineman Jared Veldheer is on the verge of pulling off something that has never been done in league history: play for two different playoff teams in the same postseason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After spending the bulk of the 2020 regular season without a team, Veldheer signed on with the Indianapolis Colts practice squad in late December. He was then called up in time for Indy's wild-card matchup with the Buffalo Bills, a game which the Colts ended up losing, 27-24, on Saturday. Under normal circumstances, Veldheer's 2020 season would come to a close in lockstep with Indianapolis. However, these are not normal times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Veldheer was on the Colts practice squad and not the active roster, and was simply elevated to the gameday roster through the NFL's special protocols to give teams flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic, he reverted back to the practice unit right as the game ended. That tweak in the rules for this season opened the door for the Green Bay Packers to sign him, which they did on Monday, according to Adam Schefter of ESPN.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had Veldheer been on the active roster, this wouldn't have been possible as those players remain under contract with their respective team and cannot sign elsewhere -- in most cases -- until the free agency window opens with the new league year in the spring. The practice squad, however, freed him up to do continue his search for a Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/AdamSchefter/status/1348762060499390464&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Adam Schefter&lt;/a&gt;, those special rules only applied to the 2020 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Veldheer ended up not playing for the Packers in the playoffs, because he was placed on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.packers.com/news/packers-placed-t-jared-veldheer-on-the-reserve-covid-19-list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reserve/COVID-19 list&lt;/a&gt; prior to their divisional playoff game against the Rams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also Tramon Williams, who played for the Ravens in the divisional round against the Bills. Then the Ravens waived him, and he was signed by the Packers before their NFC Championship Game against the Bucs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nfl/news/tramon-williams-packers-ravens-2021-playoffs/4pfez3zehmhpzp5juo3w0bd6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting News article&lt;/a&gt; explains Williams' situation, which was different from Veldheer's:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Williams, who previously spent 10 years playing for the Packers from 2007-2014 and 2018-19, gets a chance at this unprecedented opportunity for two reasons. First, the Ravens waived Williams after their season-ending loss, something teams usually wait until the conclusion of the postseason to do. And second, the 2020 season's COVID-19 rules allow for more practice squad flexibility, which allowed Williams to come on board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possibility of Williams playing for the Packers in the NFC Championship was set into motion by the Ravens' unusual move after their season-ending loss to Buffalo on Jan. 16. Normally, teams wait to waive veteran players until after the Super Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once Williams cleared waivers, the Packers could add him to their practice squad. In a regular season, a veteran such as Williams couldn't be placed on a practice squad, but COVID-19 rules allow for up to four veterans on the 16-man practice squad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;COVID-19 rules then allowed for Williams to be placed on the active roster. Practice squad players can be promoted as COVID-19 replacements. Green Bay offensive lineman Jared Veldheer, who shaped up to make this exact history after suiting up for the Colts in a wild card game, is on the COVID-19/reserve list. Williams has been promoted in part to take Veldheer's expected place on the active roster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Williams could have played against the Bucs, but he ended up not playing a snap in that game, which the Packers lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2022-07-04T00:56:50.680" LastActivityDate="2022-07-04T00:56:50.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12952" CreationDate="2022-07-05T13:27:50.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know, but I know/assume the gain depends on how strong your quads are. The stronger the quads, the faster start and more benefit from blocks or if you start from a lower position with a more flexed knee, without blocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24094" LastActivityDate="2022-07-05T13:27:50.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28063" CreationDate="2022-07-05T16:29:33.237" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not long ago I saw a compilation where an Asian player scored a goal by running the whole field (from his field to the opposite field, almost box to box), passing defenders mostly with speed in the Premier League (or in some of the English cup). I didn't pay too much attention to know who he was, but since then I've seen another Asian player scoring a goal after dribbling some defenders and I wanted to know if he was the same guy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which match was the one where an Asian player in the Premier League (or in one of the English cups) scored a goal by running and passing defenders across the whole field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-02-13T22:59:21.710" LastActivityDate="2023-02-15T11:55:10.727" Title="Which match was the one where an Asian player in the Premier League scored a goal by running and passing defenders with speed the whole field?" Tags="|football|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28062" CreationDate="2022-07-05T16:35:36.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was a Premier League match between Tottenham and Burnley on 7 December 2019, in which Tottenham player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_Heung-min&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Son Heung-Min&lt;/a&gt; (who is South Korean) sprinted almost the entire length of the pitch, passing several Burnley players, before scoring:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/fM5hpNvKh6I?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goal later won the 2020 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Pusk%C3%A1s_Award&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Puskás Award&lt;/a&gt; for the best goal scored anywhere in the world during the 2019-20 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-15T11:55:10.727" LastActivityDate="2023-02-15T11:55:10.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28065" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-06T00:24:13.967" Score="1" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even the weakest team in the league will have at least one contributor to the All Star game. But what if that player is traded between the time of nomination to the All Star team and the game itself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this happened in the past, and if so, with what result? If this hasn't happened, are there any rules to shape what will happen (the weak team gets to field another candidate, the traded player's contrition to the game is credited to the original team, etc)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T04:11:08.020" Title="What happens if a team's contributor to the All Star game is traded just before the game?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28070" CreationDate="2022-07-06T01:31:08.520" Score="0" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that baseball fields have warning tracks for the safety of the outfielders running to the fence.&#xA;Then I wonder why they are made of dirt rather than grass?&#xA;Grass in a different color would be good enough for outfielders to recognize that they are close to the fence and more safe than the dirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T17:38:23.440" Title="Why do baseball fields have 'dirt' warning track?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28065" CreationDate="2022-07-06T04:04:48.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on if the player switches leagues (can’t play) or teams within the league (probably will play in new uniform.) The original team is not guaranteed a new representative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwi47Pz-quP4AhXaGFkFHTMTDaIQFnoECDEQAQ&amp;amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fearly-lead%2Fwp%2F2018%2F07%2F10%2Fmanny-machado-is-an-all-star-but-what-happens-if-he-gets-traded-before-the-game%2F&amp;amp;usg=AOvVaw0UNCEOOGA75MdSxiy6pSuK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; considered the possibility of Manny Machado being traded from the Orioles (AL) after he was voted a starter but before the game in 2018 (Epilogue: He was traded the day after the game so played as an Oriole for the AL):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Machado is traded to another American League team before the game, he’d wear the jersey of that team, not Baltimore’s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was a trade to the other league:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the nearest example is pitcher Jeff Samardzija’s move from the Cubs to the Athletics in 2014. The right-hander was introduced as a National League all-star but wore a generic All-Star Game uniform and cap and was not eligible to appear in the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if it was more than a few days before the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Carlos Beltran in 2004 was traded from the Royals to the Astros when Houston was still in the National League, but the transaction happened a week before the All-Star Game and Beltran played for the National League. Baseball officials then allowed Kansas City to send another player to the game to replace Beltran.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is not guaranteed now that the original team gets another representative. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/all-star-game-roster-rules-faq-c239654292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to MLB&lt;/a&gt; in 2021:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted, however, that if a player is selected to the roster and can't participate, he does not necessarily have to be replaced by a teammate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the question of has a selectee been traded, the above two were players not voted in by fans (pitchers never are)- at the time they were selected by the league and manager. As for fan-voted starters, according to the WP article in 2018:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no precedent in MLB’s 88 previous All-Star Games of a player selected by fans switching leagues this soon before the Midsummer Classic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don’t think it happened in 2019 or 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastEditorUserId="24097" LastEditDate="2022-07-06T04:11:08.020" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T04:11:08.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28066" CreationDate="2022-07-06T17:30:19.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The warning track was added league-wide in 1949 after some injuries, particularly a nearly fatal injury to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/news/featured/pete-reiser-s-impact-on-major-league-baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pete Reiser of the Brooklyn Dodgers&lt;/a&gt;, leading both to the warning track and to padded walls.  It originated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://waybackandgone.wordpress.com/2009/07/12/this-day-in-baseball-history-july-12th-1949/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yankee Stadium&lt;/a&gt; several decades prior as an actual running track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/8313341/baseball-warning-track-useless&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Doug Glanville&lt;/a&gt;, an accomplished &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/glanvdo01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB outfielder&lt;/a&gt;, the warning track doesn't really have much benefit.  It's neither standardized enough nor wide enough to actually change anything for the players in most cases.  It may help players time jumps (if they know how many steps there are between the track and the wall), and it may improve traction slightly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T17:30:19.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28066" CreationDate="2022-07-06T17:38:23.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An outfielder making a play on a fly ball is usually looking up at the ball, not at their feet. A dirt warning track gives a tactile indication that the wall is near, and does not require the fielder to take their eye off the ball. Grass in a different color gives no warning at all unless the player looks at it - you can run into the wall without ever &lt;em&gt;seeing&lt;/em&gt; the warning track, but it's basically impossible to get there without &lt;em&gt;stepping on it&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9709" LastActivityDate="2022-07-06T17:38:23.440" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28071" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28072" CreationDate="2022-07-08T11:04:25.243" Score="2" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just watched a Malaysia Masters men’s doubles quarter final between a Chinese pair and a Japanese pair, and at the end of the match, something occurred to me which I hadn’t noticed before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The banner on the screen showing the final results with the players’ full names showed them thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Takuro &lt;strong&gt;HOKI&lt;/strong&gt; / Yugo &lt;strong&gt;KOBAYASHI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;LIANG&lt;/strong&gt; Wei Keng / &lt;strong&gt;WANG&lt;/strong&gt; Chang&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://match-centre.bwfbadminton.com/4440/match/185&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;match page on the BWF website&lt;/a&gt; shows them the same way. The bold, uppercase name is the surname/family name, so they are shown in opposite orders: the Chinese players are shown in the format &lt;code&gt;FAMILY-NAME given-name&lt;/code&gt;, while the Japanese players are shown in the format &lt;code&gt;given-name FAMILY-NAME&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in both Chinese and Japanese, the family name comes first: the native forms of their names are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;保木&lt;/strong&gt;卓朗 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HOKI&lt;/strong&gt; Takurō&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;小林&lt;/strong&gt;優吾 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KOBAYASHI&lt;/strong&gt; Yūgo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;梁&lt;/strong&gt;伟铿 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LIÁNG&lt;/strong&gt; Wěikēng&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;王&lt;/strong&gt;昶 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WÁNG&lt;/strong&gt; Chǎng&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in BWF terms, the first two are switched, while the last two are maintained as natively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to be a general thing: Chinese (and Korean) names are given in the indigenous order, family name first,&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; while Japanese names are switched to the English order with the given name first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, there are two equally valid ways of navigating the complicated issue of names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Always write each player’s name in the order they themselves use&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Standardise all names to the format used in the official tournament language (English)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chosen tactic of mixing 1 and 2 the way BWF seems to do currently makes very little sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So why is this the tactic chosen?&lt;/strong&gt; Are they perhaps basing it on some sort of official Anglicising standard in each country? Did someone just arbitrarily choose at some point and it stuck?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; The same appears to be the case for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_names&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Telugu names&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PUSARLA&lt;/strong&gt; V. Sindhu&lt;/em&gt;, but Indian names are horribly complicated and I don’t know much about them, so let’s ignore that. There also seem to be some cases where BWF have completely messed up, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinaah_Muralitharan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Thinaah Muralitharan&lt;/a&gt;, whose name is given as “&lt;a href=&quot;https://bwfworldtour.bwfbadminton.com/player/68628/thinaah-muralitharan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THINAAH&lt;/strong&gt; Muralitharan&lt;/a&gt;”, although her Wikipedia page makes it clear that it’s Muralitharan which is the family name.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastActivityDate="2022-07-08T12:08:10.870" Title="Why does BWF Anglicise player name order in some, but not all, relevant languages?" Tags="|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28071" CreationDate="2022-07-08T12:08:10.870" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When players are entered into the system by the national federation, there is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_data_type&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;boolean flag&lt;/a&gt;, internally called &lt;code&gt;AsianName&lt;/code&gt; (this is an internal ID selected by programers, don't interpret too much into it). If that flag is set, then the family name is shown first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's up to the national federation (and potentially their club or regional sub-bureaucracies) to correctly enter their player names.&#xA;Until 2019, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-names-idUSKCN1VR1LE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Japanese standard was Givenname FAMILYNAME&lt;/a&gt; in English, even outside of sports, so that's what the Japanese badminton federation used when registering HOKI Takurō in 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The national federation (on its own volition or upon request from a player, club, or state federation) can change names and set or unset the &lt;code&gt;AsianName&lt;/code&gt; flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, a mistake in some bureaucracy can also cause the &lt;code&gt;AsianName&lt;/code&gt; flag to be set although the name is already anglicized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2022-07-08T12:08:10.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-11T06:40:21.087" Score="2" ViewCount="1439" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does an NBA team gain from winning the championship?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the team worth more, or do they get more revenue specifically for the owners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-10-30T06:26:36.113" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T06:26:36.113" Title="What does an NBA team gain from winning the championship?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28075" CreationDate="2022-07-11T12:33:39.677" Score="0" ViewCount="3191" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not from the US and I got some NFL trading cards by Panini from the set &amp;quot;contenders football 2021&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the season ticket on it is just fake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But because there is a seat number I am not 100% sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do the numbers have any meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I get some discount when showing the card?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a season ticket for a whole season or just for one match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I know season 2021 is already over.)&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b7v57.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b7v57.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24105" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-23T08:34:48.630" LastActivityDate="2023-11-16T23:32:48.560" Title="Are NFL season tickets valid on Panini trading cards?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|collectibles|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28074" CreationDate="2022-07-11T15:23:36.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course, this is not a real ticket (nor does it have, as far as I can tell, any bearing on ticket pricing).  The numbers are the player's jersey number, their height, and their weight.  For example, Joe Burrow wears &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Burrow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;#9, is 6'4&amp;quot;, and 221 pounds&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-07-11T15:23:36.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28073" CreationDate="2022-07-11T20:21:21.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Teams that win the NBA championship primarily get increased ticket sales in several ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Home ticket sales for each playoff game (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.insidehook.com/daily_brief/sports/golden-state-warriors-paid-plenty-green-nba-championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;$7-$10 million per game for the Warriors, for example, minus various cuts from TV and the NBA&lt;/a&gt;), plus a portion of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/news/accounting-for-basketball-the-money-behind-the-madness/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;playoff pool&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More ticket sales the following year as fans are excited for the team&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;More &lt;a href=&quot;https://bluemanhoop.com/2017/06/29/golden-state-warriors-top-jersey-overall-merchandise-sales-list/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;jersey/apparel sales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no &amp;quot;prize&amp;quot; from the league, however.  The franchise value likely goes up, but there's no direct connection there - it's based on the assumption of the above.  Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/teams/golden-state-warriors/?sh=2be8c594f0a7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Forbes&lt;/a&gt;, the value of the Warriors has increased dramatically since their first championship - although all teams have increased significantly, the Warriors' increase was significantly more than other teams over a similar time period (the Warriors are about 10x as valuable now as in 2013, while the Knicks are about 5x, the Bulls are about 4.5x, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-07-11T20:21:21.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-13T03:51:50.777" Score="2" ViewCount="1928" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I read a thread saying that this season (2022), F1 pitstops must be at least 2 seconds and cannot go lower. I think that this gives a disadvantage to Red Bull since their pitstop timing is superb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just want to know, what would happen if a team made a pitstop in less than 2 seconds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-13T06:52:31.727" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:15:08.480" Title="What would happen if a team made a pitstop in less than 2 seconds?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28080" CreationDate="2022-07-13T07:01:40.140" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know where you read this, but it's not quite accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was happening before - and what the FIA have outlawed for 2022 - is that teams were using automated systems to predict when each stage of their pit-stop was going to happen, allowing them to react to it faster than would otherwise be possible - for example, releasing the front jack at the &lt;em&gt;exact&lt;/em&gt; instant the last wheel went on. Reacting to events before they've happened naturally carries risks - namely, that the event actually &lt;em&gt;hasn't&lt;/em&gt; happened, and you're now releasing the car in an unsafe condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIA outlawing these systems, and reintroducing human reaction times, means that pitstops are slightly slower and more deliberate, such that making a pitstop in less than 2 seconds is now much harder than before. However, doing so is neither illegal nor impossible: at the 2023 Qatar Grand Prix, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRBOiq-Q6_s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;McLaren broke the world record for fastest pitstop&lt;/a&gt; by changing Lando Norris' tyres in just 1.80 seconds. They faced no punishment and were awarded the DHL Fastest Pit Stop award for that race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-06T12:15:08.480" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:15:08.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28083" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-14T02:20:34.460" Score="1" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I know a block is considered a contact made close to and above the net. That being said, I was playing and my teammate spiked the ball through and touching a blockers arms (above the net) and bounced it off his head which was below the net. The ball stayed in play and they contacted the ball the standard 3 hits after that. My question being, does that make 4 hits with the contact off the head being considered the first contact? Or is the blocker's arguement that &amp;quot;it's all part of the block&amp;quot; correct and the head contact made below the net didn't count towards their 3 hits?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24113" LastActivityDate="2022-07-14T08:53:18.577" Title="In volleyball, is spiking off the blockers head considered a touch?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28083" CreationDate="2022-07-14T08:36:36.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know a block is considered a contact made close to and above the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are incorrect. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fivb.org/en/refereeing-rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-2020-EN-v06.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 14.1.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball&#xA;coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net,&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;regardless of the height of the ball contact&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The blocker's arms were reaching higher than the top of the net, so this was a block contact and does not count as one of the three hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. The &amp;quot;2017-2020&amp;quot; rules are still current in 2022; the four yearly update due in 2020 was delayed due to the COVID pandemic.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-07-14T08:53:18.577" LastActivityDate="2022-07-14T08:53:18.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28085" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28096" CreationDate="2022-07-16T04:13:44.720" Score="0" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe, in earlier days of professional baseball, each stadium had their own set of ground rules.  This is true today and can be seen in Tropicana Stadium, as there are specific guidelines for when balls enter the catwalk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what we all understand to be the ground rule double does not vary from stadium.  That is, a ball bounces in fair play, then enters above the yellow line into the area defined to be home run territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question focuses on the TV announcers that call any given game.  When a ground rule double occurs, the TV announcers are sure to confer with each other before asserting that it is a 2 base award.  &lt;strong&gt;Is their caution before asserting the 2 base award really necessary?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T20:11:36.083" Title="Why do MLB announcers consider the current stadium for ground rule doubles?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28086" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-16T04:24:31.423" Score="1" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter hits a fly ball double to center, but the runner does not touch first. The defense appeals and the batter is out 8-4-1-3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the play scored? As a single with an out advancing, or just an out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24116" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-07-17T22:42:55.773" LastActivityDate="2022-07-17T22:42:55.773" Title="How should a play where the batter-runner misses first base on a double be scored?" Tags="|rules|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28086" CreationDate="2022-07-17T05:05:34.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;9.05 (a)&lt;/a&gt; gives the conditions for crediting a hit.  Most of them require that the runner has to make it to first base safely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This runner did not reach first base safely and is not entitled to a hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to be more explicit, 9.05 (b)(2) states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.05 (b) The Official Scorer shall not credit a base hit when a:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) batter apparently hits safely and a runner who is forced to&#xA;advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner fails to&#xA;touch the first base to which such runner is advancing and&#xA;is called out on appeal. The Official Scorer shall charge&#xA;the batter with a time at bat but no hit;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner fails to touch the base required (first) and is out on appeal.  No hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-07-17T05:05:34.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1748" CreationDate="2022-07-19T16:07:53.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once O's hands aren't in contact with the ball, it's incidental contact, because they've lost possession, and they're not even contacting the ball. Basically, it is &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; a foul to strike/hit/slap another player's hand(s) in basketball, except in the most egregious circumstances where you're grabbing or flailing at their hands off-ball. In almost every case it's going to be either hand part of the ball -- no foul, or hand away from ball -- incidental contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The notable exceptions are, in FIBA only, when dribbling, they call slaps at the dribbling hand fouls, and in all basketball, when you slap or hold the off-hand from coming to the ball to gather/shoot. But the latter is a &amp;quot;pro trick&amp;quot; Kobe mentions in a famous video, though it's more of a &amp;quot;pin&amp;quot; or hold at the elbow, not so much the slap of the off-hand itself. And it's not any old off-hand, but specifically the dominant hand as off-hand, when the player dribbles with their non-dominant hand, to exploit their tendency to come back to the dominant hand to gather/shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17806" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-07-20T11:46:04.293" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T11:46:04.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-20T14:37:23.110" Score="1" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the ongoing Tour de France, UAE Team Emirates only has 4 cyclists remaining: their lead racer Pogacar and 3 of his team mates. I'm wondering: is there a minimum racer count requirement for competing teams in the Tour de France (or any other significant multi-stage race)? And did any team ever have to drop out because they no longer met that requirement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4907" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T21:28:09.687" Title="Has a team in a multi-stage cycling races ever had to drop out because they no longer met a minimum racer count requirement?" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28094" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28101" CreationDate="2022-07-20T14:55:16.857" Score="2" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just saw Romain Bardet in the live stream of the Tour de France stage. In the image, I can see there is a box-like form in his back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/myaMR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/myaMR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is it? Is it maybe a transmitter for the radio to communicate with his team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11439" LastActivityDate="2022-07-22T05:26:13.520" Title="What is the box cyclists wear in their back?" Tags="|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28085" CreationDate="2022-07-20T20:11:36.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's common for such a ball to be called a &amp;quot;ground rule double&amp;quot;, but as you note, it's not something that is a ground rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of a few years ago, MLB did create some &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/groundrules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Universal ground rules&lt;/a&gt; that should apply in all parks.  I suppose it could be combined into the rule book, but it covers things that are traditionally part of ground rules.  We can see that the &amp;quot;ground rule double&amp;quot; is not mentioned there either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This award is defined in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rulebook&lt;/a&gt; under 5.05 (a) (6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.05 (a) The batter becomes a runner when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6)  A fair ball, after touching the ground, bounds into the&#xA;stands, or passes through, over or under a fence, or&#xA;through or under a scoreboard, or through or under&#xA;shrubbery, or vines on the fence, in which case the batter&#xA;and the runners shall be entitled to advance two bases;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I prefer describing this situation as an &amp;quot;automatic double&amp;quot;, but I don't announce games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unless the ball does something odd like get deflected by a railing on the way out of the park, there's no ground rule to reference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Calling it a &amp;quot;ground rule double&amp;quot; is commonplace, but not strictly correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T20:11:36.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28093" CreationDate="2022-07-20T21:28:09.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Essentially, no - riders race as individuals, the team is just for tactics and support and has no direct bearing on the results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exception to this is the (now dropped from the Tour de France) team time trial, where a team needed (I think) at least 5 riders to finish the stage. However, to avoid any issues with this the team time trial was always run in the first week of the race when it was incredibly unlikely that a team would have fewer than 5 riders available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-07-20T21:28:09.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-21T14:04:33.140" Score="3" ViewCount="6851" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the umpire call it a no-ball if batsman advances down the wicket and meets a fulltoss ball above his waist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24129" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-07-21T15:13:47.437" LastActivityDate="2022-07-21T19:22:55.157" Title="in cricket, is it a no-ball if the batsman advances down the wicket and meets fulltoss ball above his waist" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28098" CreationDate="2022-07-21T15:07:02.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They can call a no ball - however unless it is obviously above waist-height I would think it to be unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because the above-waist-no-ball call is determined relative to the batter standing upright at the popping crease, so if the batter is to advance down the wicket, it is still determined by where they were standing if they were still at the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2021/06/08/0bf2b097-a4f9-45b2-987d-ffdb8acf517c/ICC-Men-s-Standard-ODI-Playing-Conditions-May-2021.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mens Standard ODI Playing Conditions&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.7 Bowling of dangerous and unfair non-pitching deliveries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.7.1&lt;/strong&gt; Any delivery, which passes or would have passed, without pitching, above waist height of the striker&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;standing upright at the popping crease&lt;/strong&gt;, is to be deemed to be unfair, whether or not it is likely to inflict&#xA;physical injury on the striker. If the bowler bowls such a delivery the umpire shall immediately call and signal&#xA;No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-07-21T19:22:55.157" LastActivityDate="2022-07-21T19:22:55.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28098" CreationDate="2022-07-21T16:03:09.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The relevant law is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/unfair-play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 47.1&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.7 Bowling of dangerous and unfair non-pitching deliveries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;41.7.1 Any delivery, which passes or would have passed, without pitching, above waist height of the striker standing upright at the popping crease, is unfair. Whenever such a delivery is bowled, the umpire shall call and signal No ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is part of the standard laws of cricket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as the umpire you will call and signal no ball for all deliveries that did or would have passed above waist height of the striker.  So if the player comes down the wicket but you believe the ball would still have passed the striker above waist high it will be a no ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-07-21T16:19:31.493" LastActivityDate="2022-07-21T16:19:31.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28094" CreationDate="2022-07-21T22:50:36.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is the &lt;em&gt;body pack&lt;/em&gt; for the radio. The body pack contains the antenna (or more precisely, the antenna attachment), receiver, transmitter, microphone preamplifier, headphone amplifier, and all the other electronics that make up a modern digital two-way radio.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can see a cyclist demonstrating all components of a typical cycling-oriented two-way radio pack: radio body pack, headphones, throat microphone, and push-to-talk button.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://retevis.com/rbc01-bicycle-riding-gmrs-two-way-radio-bundle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ker5Lm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Cyclist demonstrating radio body pack, headphones, throat microphone, and push-to-talk button&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://retevis.com/rbc01-bicycle-riding-gmrs-two-way-radio-bundle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: https://retevis.com/rbc01-bicycle-riding-gmrs-two-way-radio-bundle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the first image / product I could find. The body packs used by top-tier pro cycling teams would be a lot smaller, thinner, and lighter, and would have a flexible wire antenna or even one integrated into the casing of the body pack instead of the thick, fixed rubber stub.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, sometimes the lead rider of a team could maybe not have a PTT button but instead their microphone would always be open, so that the entire team hears them all the time. Same for the rider in an individual time trial. This is basically to free them from having to press the button.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastEditorUserId="11439" LastEditDate="2022-07-22T05:26:13.520" LastActivityDate="2022-07-22T05:26:13.520" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-23T04:55:16.250" Score="2" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that Lewis Hamilton has more than 100 wins, but how many different tracks has he won at? And is he the driver that has won at the most different tracks?. For example, Lewis has won 8 times at Silverstone, but let's count as one particular track win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-23T08:29:21.123" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:11:24.340" Title="Which F1 driver has won races at the most tracks?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28103" CreationDate="2022-07-23T08:32:40.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/circuit-different.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stats F1&lt;/a&gt;, Lewis Hamilton does indeed hold the record for the most wins at different tracks, having won races at &lt;strong&gt;31&lt;/strong&gt; different tracks. The next-best is Max Verstappen, who has won races at 24 different tracks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-06T12:11:24.340" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T12:11:24.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28103" CreationDate="2022-07-23T08:33:11.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, at time of writing, Lewis Hamilton has won at the most different Grand Prix, as well as individual circuits - 31 for both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Grand Prix&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/grandprix-different.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Number&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Grand Prix&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year of First Win&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Number of Wins&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Canada&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hungary&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Monaco&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;China&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Singapore&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2009&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Turkey&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Belgium&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Abu Dhabi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2011&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Italy&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Malaysia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bahrain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Spain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Russia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Austria&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mexico&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Brazil&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Azerbaijan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2018&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2018&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Styria&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Tuscany&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Eifel&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Portugal&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;28&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Emilia-Romagna&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;São Paulo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Qatar&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Saudi Arabia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This was the second race held at the Red Bull Ring in Austria in a COVID-19 impacted season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Officially&lt;/em&gt; the 2021 Brazilian GP was called the 2021 São Paulo Grand Prix - hence the differential between the two. Even if you count these together LH is still well clear of Schumacher, 30 to 22.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Circuits&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/circuit-different.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Number&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Circuit / Location&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Year of First Win&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Number of Wins&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Montréal&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Indianapolis&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hungaroring&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fuji&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Melbourne&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Monaco&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Silverstone&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hockenheim&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Shanghai&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Singapore&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2009&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Istanbul&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Spa-Francorchamps&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2010&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Nürburgring&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2011&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Yas Marina&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2011&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Monza&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Austin&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Kuala Lumpur&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sakhir&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Barcelona&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Suzuka&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sochi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Spielberg&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mexico City&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Interlagos&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Bakou&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2018&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Le Castellet&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2018&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mugello&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;28&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Portimão&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Imola&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Losail&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Djeddah&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-07-23T08:33:11.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27899" CreationDate="2022-07-25T07:56:59.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To have more champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be boring to have only one UFC champion, but in basketball there are 15 people on an NBA champion team.  Now the UFC can have 4-5 champions per gender.  Otherwise the best fighter from the heaviest class would most likely be lone champion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-07-27T17:24:27.880" LastActivityDate="2022-07-27T17:24:27.880" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-26T15:26:26.803" Score="1" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/34293478/pga-tour-power-rankings-cameron-smith-rises-rory-mcilroy-surges-liv-players-exit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, Rory McIlroy is credited as the &amp;quot;third player in the past 50 years to finish eighth or better in all four majors in the same season.&amp;quot; However, I was able to find five:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tiger Woods (5-1-1-1 in 2000, 1-2-1-T4 in 2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Phil Mickelson (1-2-3-T6 in 2004)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rickie Fowler (T5-T2-T2-T3 in 2014)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jon Rahm (T5-T8-1-3 in 2021)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rory McIlroy (2-8-T5-3 in 2022)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do any other such seasons exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24139" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-26T15:59:26.927" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T15:57:10.670" Title="How many players have finished 8th or better in major championships during the same season?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28109" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-26T17:48:05.627" Score="1" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a local league game because of windy conditions bails weren't used at either ends. The bowler disturbed the wickets with his legs before collecting the ball and running out the non striker when the second run was being taken. No stumps were removed from the ground on both occasions. Was the batsman out? &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtube.com/shorts/KF1cAk3nyR0?feature=share&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video here is exactly how it happened except the player involved was the bowler and not the wicketkeeper&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24140" LastEditorUserId="540" LastEditDate="2022-12-21T06:33:31.280" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T06:33:31.280" Title="Cricket, run out without bails" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28109" CreationDate="2022-07-26T18:22:47.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is a valid dismissal once the decision was made to play without bails. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-wicket-is-down&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29.4&lt;/a&gt; makes this very clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a decision to play without bails, the wicket has been put down if the umpire concerned is satisfied that the wicket has been struck by the ball [...] or by a fielder in the manner described in 29.1.1.5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(where 29.1.1.5 is &amp;quot;by a hand holding the ball&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-07-26T18:22:47.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28114" CreationDate="2022-07-28T01:31:44.510" Score="2" ViewCount="1140" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend is a Little League coach.  His team was in the field.  There was a runner on third.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitcher intentionally did not step on the rubber.  He then faked a pitch to home and threw the runner out at third base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires ruled that it was deceptive, and thus awarded home to the runner at third.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But isn't that what the pitcher was trying to do?  Be deceptive?  If the rule states that a foot be on the rubber, then doesn't this negate the requirement to throw to home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2022-07-28T03:56:34.827" Title="Is this a Little League balk?" Tags="|rules|baseball|amateur|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28112" CreationDate="2022-07-28T03:56:34.827" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/official-rule/ll/8-05-illegal-pitch/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Rules Acadamy&lt;/a&gt; has a page for little league rules including 8.05 (g)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8.05 - With a runner or runners on base, it is an illegal pitch when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(g) the pitcher makes any motion naturally associated with the pitch while not touching the pitcher’s plate ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some divisions, this is penalized (with runners on base) as a balk.  Feinting a throw to home would seem to fit with that description.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-07-28T03:56:34.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28116" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-28T09:41:16.303" Score="-1" ViewCount="554" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each year, there will be a new Formula Two champion, but what do they do next? Take for example Oscar Piastri, who won the 2021 F2 championship. and Felipe Drugovich, who seems likely to win the 2022 F2 championship (at least for now). So, we can assume that by the end of the 2022 calendar, there will be two F2 champions that still did not get an F1 seat. So, what will happen to them if they still don't get a seat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-28T09:46:06.633" LastActivityDate="2022-09-10T17:18:16.787" Title="What do the F2 drivers do after winning the championship?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28116" CreationDate="2022-07-28T10:35:20.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of September 2022, Piastri has been confirmed to be driving in Formula One in 2023, for McLaren, while Drugovich has been confirmed as the 2022 Formula Two champion. Whether he can also make it into F1 remains to be seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are plenty of previous examples of drivers who won the F1 feeder series (F3000/GP2/Formula 2) but never progressed into F1 itself. We can look at their career trajectories to get an idea of the options that might be available to Drugovich should he fail to break into F1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jorg Muller&lt;/strong&gt;, 1996 F3000 champion. Was an F1 test driver between 1997 and 2001, while also competing in sportscar and endurance racing for BMW. Went on to have an extremely successful career in touring cars, also driving for BMW.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bruno Junqueira&lt;/strong&gt;, 2000 F3000 champion. Joined Champ Car for 2001, where he finished 2nd in the championship for three consecutive seasons. After Champ Car folded, he spent a season in IndyCar before moving on to endurance racing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bjorn Wirdheim&lt;/strong&gt;, 2003 F3000 champion. Became Jaguar's test driver for 2004, spent a season in Champ Car in 2005, and has spent most of his career since then competing in Japan's Super GT touring car championship, with reasonable success.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giorgio Pantano&lt;/strong&gt;, 2008 GP2 champion. Pantano is a strange case, as he already had competed in F1, for Jordan in 2004. He spent 2009 competing in the short-lived Superleague Formula series, 2010 in the Auto GP series, and then a handful of scattered drives in the following years before his career seemingly fizzled out entirely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Davide Valsecchi&lt;/strong&gt;, 2012 GP2 champion. He was Lotus' test and reserve driver for 2013, but when Kimi Raikkonen was forced to miss the last two races of the season, the team elected not to promote Valsecchi and brought in Heikki Kovalainen instead. Valsecchi was highly critical of the decision, and it seemingly left him disillusioned enough to quit motorsport entirely, instead becoming a commentator for Italian TV.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fabio Leimer&lt;/strong&gt;, 2013 GP2 champion. Competed in the World Endurance Championship in 2014, spent 2015 as Manor Marussia's test driver as well as a brief stint in Formula E, and seemingly retired from motorsport thereafter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as you can see, there are plenty of options available to Drugovich should he be unable to graduate into F1, but which he will take (and, indeed, whether he will &lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt; to take them) remains to be seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-09-10T17:18:16.787" LastActivityDate="2022-09-10T17:18:16.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28118" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28119" CreationDate="2022-07-28T21:41:54.093" Score="-4" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA World Cup is not premiering now in 2022. I tried to watch it but it’s not airing now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it taking place in November instead of July?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24144" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-29T08:48:46.413" LastActivityDate="2022-07-29T08:48:46.413" Title="Why is the 2022 FIFA World Cup beginning in November?" Tags="|football|world-cup|international-sports|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28118" CreationDate="2022-07-28T22:01:33.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The weather in Qatar at this time of year is well above 30°C and up to 45°C &lt;em&gt;in the shade&lt;/em&gt;, with &amp;quot;RealFeel&amp;quot; temperatures of up to 50°C and even higher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right now, as I am writing this answer, it is &lt;em&gt;midnight&lt;/em&gt; in Qatar and the current temperature in Doha is 32°C with a RealFeel of 39°C (again, that is &lt;em&gt;in the middle of the night&lt;/em&gt;). The humidity at the moment is 79% which is classified as &amp;quot;Dangerously Humid&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked at the forecast and for basically the entirety of August, the weather is in &amp;quot;stay indoors and do not exert yourself or you will die&amp;quot; territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only time you could run a tournament without risking serious bodily harm to the players is in the Winter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2022-07-28T22:01:33.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28120" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-29T01:41:19.020" Score="0" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an advanced statistic that measures a team scoring a run with 2 outs &amp;amp; RISP? Average or some metric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24150" LastActivityDate="2022-07-29T01:41:19.020" Title="TEAM RISP scoring average" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28121" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-07-29T07:26:25.937" Score="2" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some races in 2022, Max Verstappen had problems with his DRS and was unable to open it. My question is, what would happen to the driver if the wing flap cannot be closed due to mechanical error during the race? Would the driver get a penalty, or are they forced to retired from the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-07-29T08:43:54.117" LastActivityDate="2022-07-29T21:41:18.160" Title="What will happen if the wing flap does not close after passing the DRS zone?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28121" CreationDate="2022-07-29T17:41:00.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of a mechanical problem, the driver will first be shown a Black and Orange flag like below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JnXFU.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JnXFU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This flag is &lt;em&gt;normally&lt;/em&gt; signalled at the Start/Finish line and instructs the driver that they have a problem deemed to be unsafe should they continue, and &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; pit and the end of this lap, in which engineers are able to try and rectify the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/appendix_h_2022_published_23.03.2022.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Appendix H of the International Sporting Code&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Black flag with an orange disc 40 cm in&#xA;diameter&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This flag should be used to inform the driver concerned that his car has mechanical problems likely to endanger himself or others and means that he must stop at his pit on the next lap. When the mechanical problems have been rectified to the satisfaction of the chief scrutineer, the car may rejoin the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A failure to come in to the pits following being shown the Black and Orange flag would normally result in a Black flag for the car in question - essentially disqualifying them from the race - plus any other potential reprimand deemed fit by the stewards - eg fines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A DRS failure in particular is deemed to be especially dangerous to the driver, as reduced downforce, especially in the braking zone, can lead to disastrous consequences - as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVnIMZcK_BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marcus Ericsson found out in Monza 2018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has also happened already in the 2022 season, with Yuki Tsunoda at the Azerbaijan GP, where his DRS flap snapped in half, leaving one side in the &amp;quot;open&amp;quot; DRS state. He was shown the the Black and Orange flag, and pitted the next lap, to which the engineers used trusty duct tape to tape the wing shut &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/F1/status/1535959777884442624&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(F1 twitter post)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-07-29T21:41:18.160" LastActivityDate="2022-07-29T21:41:18.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28126" CreationDate="2022-07-31T17:29:57.747" Score="10" ViewCount="2991" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nu.nl/nu-formule-1/6215274/verstappen-nam-zelf-cruciaal-besluit-om-te-starten-op-zachte-banden.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article (in Dutch)&lt;/a&gt; cites Max Verstappen deliberately choosing to start today's (July 31st, 2022) Hungary Grand Prix on soft tyres, rather than hard ones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Met de harde band zou dat nog veel moeilijker zijn geweest&amp;quot;, vertelde de regerend wereldkampioen op de persconferentie. &amp;quot;Ik heb toen meteen gezegd: no way dat wij op hard gaan beginnen.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;It would have been much more difficult with the hard tyres&amp;quot;, told the reigning world champion at the press conference. &amp;quot;I immediately said: no way we're starting on hard.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was he able to choose on which tyre to start? I thought drivers which made the third qualifying stage (Q3) were required to start on the tyres with which they made their fastest lap in Q2. Max Verstappen had engine issues in Q3 and his engine was replaced, did that give him a way out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2022-07-31T17:58:53.327" Title="Why was Max Verstappen not required to start on his Q2 tyres in the Hungary GP?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28125" CreationDate="2022-07-31T17:58:53.327" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;The (Q2 tyre) rule was dropped for 2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-regulations-update-confirms-removal-of-q2-tyre-rule/8313153/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-regulations-update-confirms-removal-of-q2-tyre-rule/8313153/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The FIA has confirmed Formula 1 drivers qualifying inside the top 10 will no longer be required to start the race on their Q2 tyre from the 2022 season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2022-07-31T17:58:53.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28127" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-01T04:20:03.023" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the ATP Tour site, in the ranking column, I see a &amp;quot;0&amp;quot; for some players and some weeks. What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to measure the strength of the field of Wimbledon over time, between 2003-2022. In particular, I am looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/players/nicolas-kiefer/k316/rankings-history&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nicholas Kiefer's ranking in 2007&lt;/a&gt;, where he has a ranking before 2007-06-04 and after 2007-07-09, but zeros for three weeks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngZZD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngZZD.png&quot; alt=&quot;Nicolas Kiefer Ranking History&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24157" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-08-01T08:13:30.853" LastActivityDate="2022-12-29T09:05:30.633" Title="What does &quot;0&quot; mean in the ATP Rankings?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28127" CreationDate="2022-08-01T08:12:02.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to mean he wasn't listed that week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankRange=1-5000&amp;amp;rankDate=2007-07-09&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is the list for 2007-07-09, where he's ranked #413, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles?rankRange=1-5000&amp;amp;rankDate=2007-07-02&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; the list for 2007-07-02, where he doesn't appear. (BTW, it's easier to change the URL than to find the right week in the dropdown.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Why&lt;/em&gt; he wasn't listed that week is another good question...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T08:12:02.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28129" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-01T09:38:40.493" Score="4" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_Formula_One_drivers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of women competing in Formula One&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since we are seeing women teams in a whole lot of sports nowadays, F1 remains an outlier. Unlike in other sports, there does not seem to be too much of a reason for women and men not to be racing together (as it has already been done). So the reasons for so few women competing in F1 has to be found elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if any kind of formal, scientific, or at least semi-professional study has been conducted that looks into the structural and cultural aspects of this question and tries to explore why women don't compete. I'm also interested in knowing if the FIA, Formula One Management, or individual teams are currently (or have tried in the past) to encourage more women to compete in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11338" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-01T14:54:34.923" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T15:04:36.407" Title="Why have so few women competed in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28129" CreationDate="2022-08-01T15:04:36.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know of any such studies, but I can point to one piece of action the FIA has taken to encourage more women to enter motorsport: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Series_(championship)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the creation of the W Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Founded in 2019, the W Series is a women-only spec series using Formula 3 machinery. It is intended to act as a stepping stone for female drivers, allowing them to progress from the W Series up into feeder series such as Formula 2. Jamie Chadwick, the winner of the first two W Series championships, is currently a test driver for the Williams F1 team, but has yet to compete at a race weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T15:04:36.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28108" CreationDate="2022-08-01T15:13:12.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Spieth#Results_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jordan Spieth 2015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Major&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Finish&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Masters&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;US Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Open Championship&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;T4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;PGA Championship&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Koepka#Results_timeline&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brooks Koepka 2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Major&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Finish&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Masters&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;T2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;PGA Championship&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;US Open&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Open Championship&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;T4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="24165" LastEditorUserId="24165" LastEditDate="2022-08-01T15:57:10.670" LastActivityDate="2022-08-01T15:57:10.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27661" CreationDate="2022-08-02T09:03:30.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in the Dutch national league, it's possible for the referee to request a VAR review. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.knvb.nl/themas/sportiviteit-en-respect/video-assistant-referee-var/veelgestelde-vragen-var&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a link to the FAQ on the website of the national organisation (in Dutch):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Wanneer wordt besloten of de VAR in actie komt?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;De communicatie kan zowel door de scheidsrechter als de VAR worden gestart. Dit is dus als de scheidsrechter vermoedt dat hij een ernstig incident mist of als de VAR van mening is dat de scheidsrechter een incident heeft gemist of duidelijk fout heeft beoordeeld.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;When is decided if the VAR needs to act?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The communication can be started by both the referee and the VAR. So this is if the referee suspects he misses a serious incident or if the VAR thinks the referee missed an incident or made a clear error judging it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastActivityDate="2022-08-02T09:03:30.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28134" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-02T13:09:26.430" Score="2" ViewCount="3181" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an F1 race, when the leader dominates a particular track, the gap between the winner and 2nd place can be really long in terms of seconds. What is the largest gap, in seconds, between the winner and the runner-up in an F1 race? Was there ever a race where the 2nd-placed driver was lapped by the winner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-02T13:19:52.477" LastActivityDate="2022-08-02T13:41:24.077" Title="What is the largest winning margin, in seconds, in an F1 race?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28134" CreationDate="2022-08-02T13:41:24.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the largest gap, in seconds, between the winner and the runner-up in an F1 race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would be the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Portuguese_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958 Portuguese Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, held at the 7.4 km-long Circuito de Boavista. Stirling Moss beat championship rival Mike Hawthorn by &lt;strong&gt;5 minutes, 12.75 seconds&lt;/strong&gt;. Incidentally, this was also the race at which Hawthorn was initially disqualified until Moss protested on his behalf, a gesture which ultimately allowed Hawthorn to beat Moss to the title that year (and prevented Moss' record winning margin from being even larger).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was there ever a race where the 2nd-placed driver was lapped by the winner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. There have, in fact, been two races where the 2nd-place driver was lapped &lt;em&gt;twice&lt;/em&gt; by the winner. The first was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Spanish_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1969 Spanish Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, with Jackie Stewart finishing two laps ahead of Bruce McLaren in 2nd. The second was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Australian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1995 Australian Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, where Damon Hill was the only frontrunner not to suffer technical issues; Olivier Panis in 2nd suffered an oil leak in the closing stages that allowed Hill to lap him for a second time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-08-02T13:41:24.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28137" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-03T00:08:34.767" Score="1" ViewCount="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the last few minutes of the final of the Women's European Championship in 2022, the English team, who were leading 2-1, effectively obstructed regular play by retreating into a corner and making it impossible for German players to win the ball. When a German player managed to kick the ball over the line, the English players would take the throw-in and then immediately get back into the corner of the pitch. It was a somewhat unedifying spectacle, but perfectly within the rules of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This made me wonder to what extreme you could take this kind of tactic. E.g. if the whole team gathered around the ball in a small circle, maybe even with their arms locked around each other, and maybe gave the ball a small kick every now and then to make sure that regular play was technically still going on, and they did so on their own half of the field to avoid being off-side, I can see no legal way for the other team to regain the ball. Would such an extreme and unsportsmanlike tactic be theoretically legal? Is there anything in the FIFA rules that the referee could use to stop this? Has any team ever tried something like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(There was a time when, if players obstructed opponents from reaching the ball while not intending to play the ball themselves, the referee would call a foul for &amp;quot;obstruction&amp;quot;. In recent years these rules seem to have been changed, and you now regularly see players aggressively shielding a ball that is rolling towards the edge of the field, in order to get or avoid a corner kick or throw-in. So I guess that &amp;quot;obsctruction&amp;quot; could not be used for the case I described.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24174" LastActivityDate="2022-08-03T00:08:34.767" Title="How to legally obstruct regular play in a football match" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2022-08-03T06:40:45.920" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28138" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-04T00:15:19.493" Score="2" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/1867/from-the-mailbag-caught-stealing-numbers-hitting-it-on-the-screws-and-tony-gwynn/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, between 1998 and 2002, base runners successfully stole second base 69% of the time, and they successfully stole third base 72% of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might seem that it should be harder to steal third base than second base, given that the catcher has a shorter distance to throw to third base (90 feet) than second base (127 feet and 3 3/8 inches). However, given that the majority of batters are right-handed, they may obstruct the catcher from making a good throw to third base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any data that breaks down how often third base was stolen successfully with right-handed batters vs. left-handed batters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-08-04T23:41:59.420" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T20:22:55.533" Title="Is there any data on how successful runners are at stealing third base with right-handed vs. left-handed batters?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28139" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-04T08:57:08.797" Score="0" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine that in Q3, Valteri Bottas is the first car to release to the track and takes his first lap in dry weather while the other 9 drivers still not haven't got into the track yet. Then, after Bottas finishes his first lap, the weather changes from dry to wet and of course, the remaining drivers that still don't get a chance to get into the track need to change from slick to wet/intermediate tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, &lt;strong&gt;will Bottas' time during dry weather get deleted due to changed weather?&lt;/strong&gt; I mean, Bottas' lap during dry weather could be outqualified by e.g. Verstappen during wet weather even though that is disadvantageous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-08-04T20:55:45.923" LastActivityDate="2022-08-04T20:55:45.923" Title="Will the fastest time in dry weather be deleted when the weather changes to rainy?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28139" CreationDate="2022-08-04T12:14:54.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Luck of the weather is just one of the hazards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Teams typically try to plan on weather forecasts so they can get the best time possible, but sometimes they just don't get it quite right. And they have to deal with that - there is no penalisation of a driver/team for managing to be lucky with the weather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="103" LastActivityDate="2022-08-04T12:14:54.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28141" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-04T19:14:13.000" Score="2" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the Commonwealth Games, England, Ireland, Wales, and Scotland all have their own national anthem. Why is it that when playing football, all the other countries play their national anthem, but England plays &amp;quot;God Save the Queen&amp;quot;, which is the national anthem of Great Britain? Why does the England football not have their own anthem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24180" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-08-04T20:49:21.463" LastActivityDate="2023-02-26T14:31:49.227" Title="Why does the England football team not have their own anthem?" Tags="|football|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28141" CreationDate="2022-08-04T20:14:07.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more interesting question is why England plays something other than &amp;quot;God Save the Queen&amp;quot; at the Commonwealth games, which they have since 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the extent England has a national anthem, it is God Save the Queen; see &lt;a href=&quot;http://projectbritain.com/anthem/england.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;National song of England is 'God Save the Queen', the British National Anthem. It is usually sung before England's football matches as well as some other sporting events. England's Rugby team, however, have unofficially adopted Land of Hope and Glory which is sung before rugby matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in 2010, they &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.classicfm.com/composers/parry/jerusalem-england-commonwealth-games/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;held a poll as to which song to sing at the Commonwealth games specifically&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the Commonwealth Games, however, Team England decided to put the question out to the public. In a 2010 poll, voters chose between the three potential anthems to put ‘Jerusalem’ in first place with 52 percent of the vote, followed by ‘Land of Hope and Glory’ with 32 percent and ‘God Save the Queen’ with 12 percent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, each organization can choose what is played for it - hence why England has some variety, as different organizations choose differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-08-04T20:14:07.743" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28143" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" LastActivityDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28144" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" LastActivityDate="2022-08-04T21:00:54.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28145" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-05T02:47:53.470" Score="0" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the Constructors' Championship as it stands after the 2022 Hungarian Grand Prix:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wwd7w.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wwd7w.png&quot; alt=&quot;Budapest 2022 F1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I understand is that the constructor points are awarded based on the drivers' race positions, plus with fastest lap point. For example, at the Bahrain Grand Prix, Ferrari got 44 points: 25 from Leclerc, 18 from Sainz, plus 1 point for fastest lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you look at the Austrian Grand Prix, Ferrari got 38 points while Sainz did not finish the race. &lt;strong&gt;Where did the other 13 points come from?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-07T14:06:50.493" LastActivityDate="2023-05-07T14:06:50.493" Title="How are the constructor points awarded in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28145" CreationDate="2022-08-05T04:36:30.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Austria is one of three &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-hold-three-sprint-events-in-2022-with-more-points-on-offer.4UXmrMDm6We04ZFlW0Ieo9.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sprint weekends&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; on the 2022 calendar (along with Italy and Brazil), that schedules a mini race on Saturday to set the Sunday GP grid.  This sprint race also awards championship points for the first 8 finishers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2022/races/1115/austria/sprint-results.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;F1 Sprint Results Austria 2022&lt;/a&gt; shows that the Ferrari cars finished 2 and 3 in the sprint (behind Verstappen) with Leclerc getting 7 points and Sainz getting 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note Red Bull's 58 points in Italy on your graphic.  That's more than the normal maximum of 44 possible for a traditional race weekend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-08-05T04:36:30.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-05T21:46:05.203" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do Wikipedia and other sites claim that the 1st and 2nd-placed runners at the 2000 Boston Marathon set identical times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/2cBQAFJMI2U?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above video shows that the winner won by a full second. Why do these sources claim they set the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24184" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-07T11:47:14.717" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T11:47:48.773" Title="Did the top two runners in the 2000 Boston Marathon set identical times?" Tags="|marathon|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28148" CreationDate="2022-08-06T01:55:37.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The identical times are reasonable.  The clock time above the runners is not 100% accurate -  while the elite runners are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baa.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Boston_Marathon_Rules_and_Policies_08_2021.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;gun time&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; not &amp;quot;chip time&amp;quot;, the official clock can be a small amount off of the display clock.  I'll trust the &lt;a href=&quot;https://more.arrs.run/race/21119&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ARRS&lt;/a&gt;, which is as close as official as you can get for race time statistics; the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baa.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/BostonMarathonHistoricalResults.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BAA page&lt;/a&gt; also confirms this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether the second place runner was within less than a second, they clearly are; by my calculation he finishes 2 to 2.5 strides behind, maybe 5 meters behind at most.  The runners are running just under 300 second miles on average, and as elite marathoners they're pretty consistent - plus the adrenaline of being at the end suggests they're at least at their average for the last few paces.  300 second miles means those 2.5-ish steps (or 5 meters) take 0.9 seconds or thereabouts - so plausible they are &amp;quot;in&amp;quot; the same second (and it may be more like 0.7 if it's 2 strides, or 4 meters). Of course, the second could tick during that 0.7-0.9 seconds; but it's also possible it doesn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-07T11:47:43.033" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T11:47:43.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28154" CreationDate="2022-08-06T04:03:53.277" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_at_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The matches are being played as &lt;strong&gt;Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is)&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;with only a &lt;strong&gt;women's&lt;/strong&gt; tournament being part of the Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is there no Men's T20I cricket at the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24185" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-08-06T14:33:57.783" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T08:43:49.710" Title="Why is there no Men's T20I cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28148" CreationDate="2022-08-06T14:41:02.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, marathon times have not included fractions of seconds. The times are rounded up to the next second. Based on the video the second place finished within a second of the first, so it's reasonable to see the top 2 spots awarded the same time for this race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-07T11:47:48.773" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T11:47:48.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28151" CreationDate="2022-08-07T08:43:49.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Men's team from several countries were &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1054975/cricket-will-not-be-part-of-2022-commonwealth-games-after-men-turn-down-chance-to-take-part&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;opposed&lt;/a&gt; to inclusion of Men's Cricket as it would coincide with already &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cricschedule.com/year/2022.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scheduled games&lt;/a&gt;. These games were scheduled in advance and maybe postponing isn't feasible from the business side of view and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20179" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T08:43:49.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28155" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28156" CreationDate="2022-08-07T15:13:51.037" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;Scenario: The ball is heading towards a boundary line and the player is chasing it down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player contacts the line boundary line and the line moves at the same time the ball lands. Typical example, they step on the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the ball in or out (or replay point?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24188" LastEditorUserId="24188" LastEditDate="2022-08-07T15:21:04.997" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T15:39:36.653" Title="Can a player touch the line while the ball is landing - Outdoor Volleyball (Beach or Grass)" Tags="|rules|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28155" CreationDate="2022-08-07T15:39:36.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For FIVB Beach Volleyball, this is covered by 5.1.5 in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.com/-/media/2022/coorporate/beach%20volleyball/forms/refereeing%20forms/refereeing%20page/beach%20volleyball%20casebook%202022%20%20updated%20feb%202022.pdf?la=en&amp;amp;hash=8255AC57BE1B885236B9E509CC5CEBC3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 Casebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should the referee do if a ball landed inside the&#xA;line, but obviously the line had been displaced&#xA;substantially during a previous defending action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st Referee should have the line corrected, and&#xA;then call the ball “in” or “out”, depending on where&#xA;the ball landed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the 1st Referee is unable to make a clear decision as to whether the ball was in or out, the rally should be replayed as it would for any other situation where the 1st Referee is unsure as to the correct judgement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This obvious works a lot better on sand where the ball is likely to leave a clear mark than it does on grass; however as there are no professional level tournaments played on grass &amp;quot;nobody cares&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-08-07T15:39:36.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28158" CreationDate="2022-08-07T20:24:32.147" Score="2" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/02/swimming-caps-for-natural-black-hair-ruled-out-of-olympic-games-alice-dearing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/02/swimming-caps-for-natural-black-hair-ruled-out-of-olympic-games-alice-dearing&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210703040530/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/02/swimming-caps-for-natural-black-hair-ruled-out-of-olympic-games-alice-dearing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mirror&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International Swimming Federation rejects use of Soul Cap, saying it does not ‘fit the natural form of the head’. Swimming caps designed for natural black hair created by a black-owned brand will not be allowed at the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was the proposed swimming caps designed by Soul Cap for natural black hair rejected by the International Swimming Federation on the grounds that it provides some unfair performance, or simply because of how it looks like? If the latter, why would the International Swimming Federation care about how a swimming cap looks like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2022-09-02T15:55:34.037" Title="Was the proposed swimming caps for black hair rejected by the International Swimming Federation because it provides some unfair performance?" Tags="|olympics|swimming|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28157" CreationDate="2022-08-07T20:47:00.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;FINA have had &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.fina.org/fina/document/2021/02/23/7d18d53c-cf57-47f2-adc9-4649c1926044/frsa.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;regulations since 2017&lt;/a&gt; (or maybe earlier) which specify that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shape [of the cap] shall follow the natural form of the head&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Section 4.3.1) You can see reason for this - they don't want caps which  do in fact give a dynamic advantage (see teardrop-shaped helmets for time trial cyclists, etc). If you are being excessively pedantic, you could argue that the Soul Cap does not follow the natural form of the head as voluminous hair itself does not follow the natural form of the head; therefore it is in breach of the regulations and should be banned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This argument is (in my never humble opinion) a very silly argument for FINA to be making. The Soul Cap is clearly within the &lt;em&gt;spirit&lt;/em&gt; of the rules and FINA should have found a way to allow it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Update as of September 2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-62765571&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FINA found a way&lt;/a&gt;; the Soul Cap is now competition legal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-09-02T15:55:34.037" LastActivityDate="2022-09-02T15:55:34.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27768" CreationDate="2022-08-09T10:32:09.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the end it's all up to the referee watching the play.  Many illegal actions are uncalled in basketball as the referee misses them or chooses not to call them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NBA rules state the zero step as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The zero step is the first movement a player makes with their foot on&#xA;the ground while receiving or gaining control of the basketball. This&#xA;rule allows players to make their first and second steps after&#xA;receiving the ball, before finishing their play. The zero step only&#xA;applies to players that are moving while receiving the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, James Harden commonly uses this rule to his advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24156" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-08-09T17:35:32.753" LastActivityDate="2022-08-09T17:35:32.753" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21257" CreationDate="2022-08-09T22:05:42.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/Stats_Manuals/Baseball/baseball_softball_scorebook.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Baseball and Softball Scorebook&lt;/a&gt;, the following looks like it would apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BASE HIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 4. A base hit is credited when a batter advances to first base safely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. When a fielder attempts to put out a preceding runner but is unsuccessful although there is no fielding error, and the official scorer believes the batter-runner would have reached first base with perfect fielding;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIELDER'S CHOICE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 5. This term is used by official scorer's to account for the following situations (the batter shall be charged with an official time at bat but no hit in all such situations):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. When a batter-runner advances one or more bases while a fielder who handles a fair hit attempts to put out a preceding runner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scorer would choose between these options depending on their opinion of what would have happened were the runner on 3rd not present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the RBI:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RUN BATTED IN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 9. A run batted in is credited to the batter when a runner scores because of: A base hit (including batter scoring on a home run); a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly; any putout; a forced advance, such as a base on balls or batter being hit by a pitch, or an error, provided there are fewer than two outs and the action is such that the runner on third base would have scored even if there had been no error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, they do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; mention an RBI in the case of a fielder's choice. That may mean that it doesn't actually apply in NCAA Softball - it would in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt; though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.04 Runs Batted In&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A run batted in is a statistic credited to a batter whose action at bat causes one or more runs to score, as set forth in this Rule 9.04.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The Official Scorer shall credit the batter with a run batted in for every run that scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) unaided by an error and as part of a play begun by the batter’s safe hit (including the batter’s home run), sacrifice bunt, sacrifice fly, infield out or fielder’s choice, unless Rule 9.04(b) applies;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(with 9.04b talking about errors).  So, in the MLB, it would count as an RBI; they don't explicitly say it's not an RBI in NCAA Softball, but it &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; not be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-08-09T22:05:42.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27768" CreationDate="2022-08-10T17:08:57.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The double stepback is legal when used with a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/24272/24165&quot;&gt;zero step&lt;/a&gt;, also referred to as a gather step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details from the NBA below, but a player may take two steps after gathering the dribble. Depending on when the ref determines a gather has taken place, it may or may not be a travel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of the question, let's assume Steph Curry's first double stepback attempt was correctly called as a travel. This would mean three steps took place after the gather step had been determined (as annotated below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yF0br.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yF0br.png&quot; alt=&quot;0 step&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nu2HJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nu2HJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;1 step&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5qD2G.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5qD2G.png&quot; alt=&quot;2 and 3 step&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NBA defines a &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/new-language-in-nba-rule-book-regarding-traveling-violations/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gather&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a player who receives a pass or gains possession of a loose ball, the gather is defined as the point where the player gains enough&#xA;control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or cradle&#xA;it against his body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a player who is in control of the ball while dribbling, the gather is defined as the point where a player does any one of the&#xA;following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Puts two hands on the ball, or otherwise permits the ball to come to rest, while he is in control of it;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Puts a hand under the ball and brings it to a pause; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Otherwise gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or cradle it against his body.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is relevant as the following is incorporated into NBA traveling rules like so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The gather will be expressly incorporated into the traveling rule to clarify how many steps a player may take after he receives the ball while progressing or completes his dribble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player who gathers the ball while progressing may (a) take two steps&#xA;in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A player who&#xA;gathers the ball while dribbling may take two steps in coming to a&#xA;stop, passing or shooting the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24165" LastActivityDate="2022-08-10T17:08:57.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27863" CreationDate="2022-08-11T15:11:48.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a thing. A bowler whose main aim to take wickets is known as a strike bowler. An economy bowler will try and keep the run rate low. This is more prevalent in test cricket (4 or 5 days) than in the shorter formats. A strike bowler will generally try and target areas where the batsman plays unnatural shots, has unnatural movement, etc. This is most likely to produce a miss time, etc. An economy bowler will consistently bowl the same line and length over and over. This will generally be in a area that is difficult to score off. From my younger days this was often trained in by taping an a4 four to the area, and working to hit it at least 4 out of 6 deliveries. Economy bowlers will also take wickets, if the batsmen run out of patience and try and 'create' something from the difficult line and lengths. Strike bowlers will also sometimes target economy on pitches where there is very little movement and fooling the batsman is not easy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24203" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-08-18T15:19:34.363" LastActivityDate="2022-08-18T15:19:34.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28138" CreationDate="2022-08-11T19:46:20.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clarification/Context&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't quite have enough reputation to leave a comment but, @Joe batters are not obliged to get out of the way. As stated on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/OBR16/6.0.htm#603a3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UmpireBible Rule 6.03(a)(3)&lt;/a&gt;, a batter is considered out if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He interferes with the catcher’s fielding or throwing by stepping out of the batter's box or making any other movement that hinders the catcher's play at home base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As stated by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/rules-batting/batter-s-interference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UmpireBible&lt;/a&gt; (again) in a write up, there is somewhat of a gray area here in the rule book about batter interference. While the rules state the Catcher has the &amp;quot;right of way&amp;quot; and should have a clear path to make whatever play he feel necessary, you can't expect the batter inside of the batter's box to &amp;quot;just disappear&amp;quot; from the play either. Another quote from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/rules-batting/batter-s-interference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UmpireBible&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The emphasis is important because &amp;quot;any other movement&amp;quot; covers a lot of ground. &lt;strong&gt;A lot.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Point is, the batter is not required to get out of the way and from my interpretation, SHOULD NOT get out of way. From my own encounters (played baseball for 15 years) I personally never left the batter's box when I knew a throw down to third was happening while I was batting. In fact, most of the time I saw it happen, I believed the batter to inch forward towards the pitcher if anything to not get domed in the helmet by the catcher throwing down to third.(Somewhat disproving your theory that the batter's handedness influences the steal percentage of third.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As far as the answer to your question(sorry for the small rule lecture), there are multiple factors influencing the steal rate for third base being a few percentage points higher. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Inexperience&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;While the throw down to third base is shorter for the catcher, catchers have less experience making the throw down to third base thus it is more uncomfortable for them.(&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/leaderboard/poptime?year=2022&amp;amp;team=&amp;amp;min2b=5&amp;amp;min3b=0&amp;amp;sort=9&amp;amp;sortDir=desc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Catcher SB Attempts Against&lt;/a&gt;) Pitchers have a harder time &amp;quot;holding&amp;quot; the runner on second base for similar reasons. Pitchers do not make throws to second base very often and do not practice holding runners on second base very often as opposed to throwing over to first base. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/leaderboard/custom?year=2022&amp;amp;type=pitcher&amp;amp;filter=&amp;amp;sort=3&amp;amp;sortDir=desc&amp;amp;min=q&amp;amp;selections=p_pickoff_attempt_1b,p_pickoff_attempt_2b,&amp;amp;chart=false&amp;amp;x=p_pickoff_attempt_1b&amp;amp;y=p_pickoff_attempt_1b&amp;amp;r=no&amp;amp;chartType=beeswarm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pitcher Pickoff Attempts&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catcher Pop Times&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;Runners are less expected to steal third base which might make it more of a surprise, in turn the runner throws the catcher off resulting in varying pop times &lt;em&gt;(The time it takes for the catcher to catch a pitched ball and throw it down to the base, second or third)&lt;/em&gt; that are apparent in the Baseball Savant link in the previous paragraph(&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/leaderboard/poptime?year=2022&amp;amp;team=&amp;amp;min2b=5&amp;amp;min3b=0&amp;amp;sort=10&amp;amp;sortDir=desc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Catcher Pop Times&lt;/a&gt;). While all of this is true, the pop times are still significantly slower to second base as opposed to third base &lt;em&gt;(about .5 second or 25% slower)&lt;/em&gt; so my previous statements don't fully explain the reasoning behind third base having a whole 3% higher success rate.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Taking a Lead&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Runners are not able to take as big of a lead off of first base than they are second. While having a left handed pitcher on the mound presents the obvious challenge a baserunner on first is presented with, &lt;em&gt;(the pitcher is looking right at them)&lt;/em&gt; taking a lead off of first base is harder because the first baseman is almost always &amp;quot;holding&amp;quot; the runner on by standing on first base itself. Whoever is tasked with holding the runner on second base, either the shortstop or second basemen, NEVER stands directly on the base and rarely comes over to &amp;quot;hold&amp;quot; the runner on the bag. In turn, the baserunner on second base is &lt;strong&gt;normally&lt;/strong&gt; able to take a bigger lead (I struggled to find direct statistics on this).&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Other Factors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are a few other factors that might lead to this as well. Since third base is perceived as &amp;quot;harder to steal&amp;quot;, only the fastest of runners are even attempting to steal third base. Thus they bring the average up and result in a higher percentage. Another factor is just the small sample size. While your statistic is shown over the course of 4 seasons (1998-2002), third base steal attempt data is only 10% that of second base steal attempt data. Lastly, somewhat building upon what I said earlier, pithers make more errors picking off to second base thus don't do as good of a job as they at first base. There have been 12 pick off errors this year(2022), and almost half of them (5 out of 12/ &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/leaderboard/custom?year=2022&amp;amp;type=pitcher&amp;amp;filter=&amp;amp;sort=2&amp;amp;sortDir=asc&amp;amp;min=q&amp;amp;selections=p_pickoff_error_2b,p_total_pickoff_error,&amp;amp;chart=false&amp;amp;x=p_pickoff_error_2b&amp;amp;y=p_pickoff_error_2b&amp;amp;r=no&amp;amp;chartType=beeswarm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pitcher Pickoff Errors&lt;/a&gt;) have been to second base even though pitchers pick off to second base significantly less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sadly I could not find exact data representing the information you are seeking. There are a lot of factors that are influencing the third base stolen base success percentage being a little higher than first base stolen base success percentage, but I do not believe the elevated success rate could be tied to the batter being a hinderance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24182" LastEditorUserId="24182" LastEditDate="2022-08-11T19:47:34.540" LastActivityDate="2022-08-11T19:47:34.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-12T08:58:33.393" Score="1" ViewCount="1136" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix, the drivers used intermediate tyres at the start of the race, and then a massive collision happened that caused a red flag. The race resumed behind the safety car and on the final lap of the safety car, all the drivers except Lewis pitted for medium tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, can a driver change their tyres &lt;em&gt;during&lt;/em&gt; a red flag session? When a race is red-flagged, all the drivers enter the pit lane, so can they change their tyres during that time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-12T09:17:30.630" LastActivityDate="2024-01-04T11:02:45.383" Title="Can drivers change their tyres during a red flag session?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28169" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-12T09:23:01.717" Score="0" ViewCount="913" Body="&lt;p&gt;So far in the 2022 season, Lewis Hamilton is the only driver that has not recorded a DNF or DNS. Who is the driver with the record for the longest streak of race finishes in Formula One?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-12T09:45:00.467" LastActivityDate="2022-08-12T09:53:15.280" Title="Who has the record for the most consecutive races without a DNF in Formula 1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28168" CreationDate="2022-08-12T09:31:06.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;. Drivers are able to change their tyres while they're in the pit lane during a red flag period. They may also do things like replace damaged front wings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example would be the 2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix: after Mick Schumacher crashed, the safety car was called out and several drivers pitted for fresh tyres, only for the race to be red-flagged a couple of laps later. The drivers that hadn't pitted were then able to change their tyres during the red-flag period, giving them a significant advantage over the drivers who had pitted during the safety car period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-08-12T09:31:06.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28169" CreationDate="2022-08-12T09:53:15.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is, in fact, Lewis Hamilton who holds the record. As per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/divers/arrivee-consecutive.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;StatsF1&lt;/a&gt;, between the 2018 British Grand Prix and the 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix, Hamilton finished &lt;strong&gt;48&lt;/strong&gt; Grands Prix in a row. His current streak of consecutive finishes, which began at the 2021 Russian Grand Prix, is only 21 races as of the time of writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-08-12T09:53:15.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28173" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-14T00:48:02.517" Score="1" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;The RedBull racing team creates a lot of video advertising, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/redbullracing/status/1558380588553318400&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. When creating these commercials, from where do they get the tyres they use? Do they use the leftover F1 tyres that the team hasn't used in races, or do they obtain them from the supplier (Pirelli), either for free or for a fee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-08-14T01:42:42.873" LastActivityDate="2022-08-14T14:21:58.073" Title="Where does a F1 team get the tyres they use for shooting commercials from?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28174" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-14T13:20:47.283" Score="0" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that drivers give maximum performance during qualifying race without worrying about overheat engine and have lighter fuel. Also, based on 2016 regulation, drivers can open the DRS wing anytime they want during qualifying. So, based on this factor, I can sure say that qualifying time will be much faster than fastest lap time. But can I know is there a F1 race where the fastest lap is quicker than pole position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T13:29:16.630" Title="Is there a F1 race where the fastest lap is quicker than pole position?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28173" CreationDate="2022-08-14T14:21:58.073" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For types of commercials that you have shown with the Red Bull example, where the car used is not a race car, rather a demonstration car, I would imagine that they are purchased outright, or part of a commercial agreement between the team and the supplier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;https://racingnews365.com/lack-of-tyres-at-pirelli-sparks-discussions-between-f1-teams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on racingnews365.com&lt;/a&gt; suggests that, even though normal production of the old 13-inch race tyre (which looks to be the tyre used in the RB video) has stopped, Pirelli will continue to supply the older tyres on demand with agreements between the teams and Pirelli themselves:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;RacingNews365.com has learned that talks are underway between the F1 teams and Pirelli to continue a small supply of the 13-inch tyres for the foreseeable future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pirelli's intent is to produce 13-inch tyres on demand, based on the requests made by the teams – meaning there is not a fixed quantity being kept in stock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would ensure a stable supply of suitable tyres for testing purposes such as these older car tests, as well as promotional days. There include events such as demonstration runs that teams (such as Red Bull) host at locations around the world, filming days for sponsors, and any track time the teams decide to do using older cars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are not leftover tyres from race weekends as those tyres, used or not, will be returned to the tyre supplier post-race/session - as defined in Section 30 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2022-03-15.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;30.4 Return of Tyres&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) The official return of tyres will be made electronically using the FIA Race Team Client. In the event of an issue with the system, and when instructed to do so by the FIA, each Competitor will be requested to provide the tyre return data in a CSV file format via email.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) Any set of electronically returned tyres must also be physically returned to the&#xA;appointed tyre supplier before the start of the following session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also regulations around &amp;quot;Promotional Events&amp;quot;, also called Filming Days. This is where the current race car is driven around for promotional purposes - think: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Here's our new car for this year going around Silverstone vaguely fast&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, like this one: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/XEzNirEeRzQ?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Section 10 of the Sporting Regulations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10.4 TCC Promotional Events (PE)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) A Promotional Event (PE) shall be defined as an event in which a Competitor&#xA;participates purely for marketing or promotional purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) A PE must not exceed 100km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) During any PE, cars must be fitted with the FIA ECU required by Article 8.3 of the Technical Regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;d) Only tyres manufactured specifically for this purpose by the appointed tyre supplier may be used.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e) Each Competitor will be permitted to carry out two (2) PE’s with the cars defined in Article 10.1 which will not be considered a TCC&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;TTC = Testing of Current Cars - defined in 10.1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that these types of activities are part of the Regulations, it is reasonable to assume that these tyres are provided as part of the contract with the FIA to be the tyre supplier. Additionally, the tyres provided by the supplier, are to be &amp;quot;demo&amp;quot; tyres, i.e. those that do not meet the specification of race tyres. This is to prevent teams using &amp;quot;Promotional Events&amp;quot; as a means of testing the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-08-14T14:21:58.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28176" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-14T17:15:15.383" Score="12" ViewCount="11505" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the defending player not being but acting like a goalkeeper, and assuming the ball would have clearly gone in otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the referee award a goal in this case, even if the ball didn't go in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24210" LastEditorUserId="24210" LastEditDate="2022-08-15T18:50:56.797" LastActivityDate="2022-08-17T10:42:05.513" Title="What happens when a soccer player intentionally catches the ball with their hands in front of the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28176" CreationDate="2022-08-14T17:28:26.617" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't award a goal without the ball crossing the line. The correct decision would be a penalty and a red card for that player for denying a clear goal opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sending-off offences A player, substitute or substituted player who&#xA;commits any of the following offences is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring&#xA;opportunity by a handball offence (except a goalkeeper within their&#xA;penalty area)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2022-08-15T07:23:33.863" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T07:23:33.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25611" CreationDate="2022-08-14T21:52:49.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/players/matthew-stafford/stats/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Matt Stafford&lt;/a&gt; was traded from the Lions to the Rams in 2021 and won Super Bowl LVI with his new team in their first season together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-08-14T22:08:21.483" LastActivityDate="2022-08-14T22:08:21.483" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28176" CreationDate="2022-08-15T02:04:13.320" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. A goal is not awarded automatically. The offensive team is awarded a penalty kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1cf301829f1cf996/original/ifab-laws-of-the-game-2020-21.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 10 - Determining the Outcome of a Match&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between&#xA;the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no offence has been&#xA;committed by the team scoring the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, the ball has not passed over the goal line, so no goal has been scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Laws 14 and 12 determine what should happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 14 - Penalty Kick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits a direct free kick offence inside&#xA;their penalty area or off the field as part of play as outlined in Laws 12 and 13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law 12 - Fouls and Misconduct&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following&#xA;offences:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;• a handball offence (except for the goalkeeper within their penalty area)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in Law 12&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Handling the ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is an offence if a player:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;• deliberately touches the ball with their hand/arm, including moving the&#xA;hand/arm towards the ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting these together, if a player who is not the goalkeeper deliberately plays the ball with their hand/arm in their own penalty area, a penalty kick shall be awarded to the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24211" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T02:04:13.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28176" CreationDate="2022-08-15T08:30:26.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/57d5b6605faaf697/original/owzmxz66az03rfelgd0t-pdf.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where a player denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by a deliberate handball offence the player is sent off wherever the offence occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, that player would get a red card.  Assuming it happens inside the penalty area, the other team also gets a penalty kick.  It doesn’t sound as if this would happen outside the penalty box, but if it did, that would be a free kick (from a dangerous position, since you say the shot from there would surely have gone in before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15612" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T08:30:26.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28176" CreationDate="2022-08-15T11:55:42.790" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the referee can not award a goal in this case, and the player must be red-carded.&#xA;Maybe the most famous case of this was the action of Luis Suarez from Uruguay Selection, making exactly what you ask in 2010 world cup vs Ghana (if I remember well).&#xA;He was expelled, but in the end the penalty was not converted and Uruguay won the game, So Suarez movement was interesting to me. He interchanged a red card for the possibility of the other team fail a goal that, other way, was obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24217" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T11:55:42.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28174" CreationDate="2022-08-15T12:33:27.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Races where qualifying is held in wet conditions and the race is dry are the obvious answer, due to the significant time differential between wet and dry conditions. Most recently the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_British_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 British Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; had this occur - Pole was 1:40.983 for Carlos Sainz in the wet and the fastest lap in the race was a 1:30.510 for Lewis Hamilton in the dry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 Russian Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; saw a Pole of 1:41.993 for Lando Norris who then set a fastest lap of 1:37.423 in the race. His pole lap was set on slick (dry weather) tyres but the track had been wet earlier in the session and was drying rather than fully dry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could go on, but pretty much any time qualifying is wet and the race is dry you'll see that happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But has it ever happened with a &lt;em&gt;dry&lt;/em&gt; qualifying? I had a look through the last 2.5 seasons as I wondered whether the relatively recent change to awarding a championship point for fastest lap (and the resultant occurrences where people have pitted very late in the race to get it) might have resulted in this happening but it seems that although races where this occurs results in a fastest lap much closer to the pole time there's still a second or two in it. It &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; happened however -  at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_German_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1957 German Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; Juan Manuel Fangio set pole position with 9:25.6 and went on to set a fastest lap of 9:17.4 in the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-08-15T13:20:27.837" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T13:20:27.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28174" CreationDate="2022-08-15T13:12:39.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/28182/24213&quot;&gt;Motosubatsus Answer&lt;/a&gt; has some interesting races that had weather changes between the qualifying and the race but there were races in which the fastest on track lap was set in the same weather as the pole positon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Austrian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Austria 2003 for example&lt;/a&gt; tho it was noteworthy for uncertain weather conditions so they did use different tyres meaning pole wasn't the fastest qualifying time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similiarly the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Turkish_Grand_Prix#Classification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 Turkish Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; had excellent weather on both race day as well as Qualifying&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Chinese_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 Chinese Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; had excellent weather on both race day as well as Qualifying &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20151125112427/http://www.motorsportarchiv.de/f1/saison/2004/16/traini05.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;German source for the qualifying weather&lt;/a&gt; with both the pole and the fastest qualifying time being slower than the fastest lap time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Australian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australia 2004&lt;/a&gt; was the same, tho I could not verify the weather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;China in 2005 was the only one of these which I really consider as having the exact same conditions between race and qualifying tho.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24213" LastEditorUserId="24213" LastEditDate="2022-08-15T13:29:16.630" LastActivityDate="2022-08-15T13:29:16.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28967" CreationDate="2022-08-16T04:15:45.217" Score="0" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there are many Olympian swimmers that gallop in freestyle. Take Jason Lezak, Michael Phelps, even Katie Ledecky! However, how do I gallop in swimming so that I don’t get myself and my muscles unbalanced and crooked? Is it a bad idea to gallop at all? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24100" LastEditorUserId="24100" LastEditDate="2022-08-16T19:03:52.790" LastActivityDate="2023-06-30T15:54:14.457" Title="Gallop correctly with freestyle in swimming?" Tags="|swimming|freestyle|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28187" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-16T13:14:33.557" Score="4" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was a kid (born in the mid-70s, in Sweden) and we played (for fun), we required that the serve was diagonal in a table tennis singles game. I've spoken to people all over Europe that applied that same rule, but I've also met people that don't know what I'm talking about, they've never heard of it and they will (correctly) say that it only applies to doubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was there ever a requirement in the official table tennis rules to serve diagonally in singles games, or did we apply this rule erroneously as kids?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24227" LastActivityDate="2023-12-22T20:47:15.717" Title="Was there ever a rule requiring diagonal serve in table tennis singles games?" Tags="|rules|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-16T15:49:21.343" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/74926&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1-1 draw between Liverpool and Crystal Palace (2022-08-15)&lt;/a&gt;, Liverpool's Darwin Núñez was sent off for a headbutt on Crystal Palace defender Joachim Andersen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is my understanding that a straight red card for serious foul play / violent conduct is an automatic 3-game ban, however there have been numerous reports in the media in the aftermath of the incident that Núñez could be banned for more than the standard three games. As an example of this happening before, Luis Suarez was infamously handed a 10-game ban for biting Branislav Ivanovic in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the procedure for determining an extension to the 3-game ban?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in Rugby Union, if a player is sent off they are required to attend a Disciplinary Committee hearing, in which the referee's report of the incident, the player's reflection on the offending action, the player's past discipline record, plus other factors, are all taken into account to determine how long the suspension is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; For scope, and as I believe this will likely differ between football associations - I will be looking for procedures from the English FA, as that is who Núñez's suspension resides with. Although if there is a standardised FIFA/UEFA procedure that is followed by the FA, then that is fine, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-08-23T22:30:52.957" Title="Procedure for extending a suspension period" Tags="|football|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28189" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-17T03:42:37.843" Score="0" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix, Pastor Maldonado got pole position in qualifying, and started at P1 on the grid before the race. I noticed that P1, at this track, was on the outside, from the perspective of the first corner. So, in this case, the driver in P2 would have the inside line at the first corner, and in my opinion, the inside line is better than the outside line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, why is P1 located on the outside of the first corner? Is this only at certain tracks, or do all tracks have this kind of layout? I think that the driver on pole position should have the inside line for the first corner, so if the first corner is a right-hand turn, then pole position should be on the right-hand side of the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference, you can see in this image that Pastor Maldonado is on the left-hand side of the grid, whereas the first turn is a right-hand turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9vBUH.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9vBUH.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/knnbK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/knnbK.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: My question is not related to the cars' paces, so I don't want to take the perspective where &amp;quot;the car is faster&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-21T08:19:58.643" LastActivityDate="2023-11-22T05:14:58.270" Title="Why is pole position located on the outside of the first corner?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28189" CreationDate="2022-08-17T08:45:15.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This isn't defined in the technical regulations.  But in most cases you can think of which side is closer to the racing line, then pole will be on that side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grand prix usually isn't the only race run on the weekend.  There are often other races, plus practices and qualifying.  After all that driving, the racing line should be swept pretty clear, while the less-driven areas nearby will have bits of tire wear.  You will almost always want to start on the clear line.  Any &amp;quot;marbles&amp;quot; are likely to reduce your ability to start and that can be worth more than being on the inside or the outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if that's not a big consideration, you'll probably want to be on the outside.  In most cases you'll be able to keep more speed if it's a simple turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not always clear-cut.  In Singapore, the racing line moved from the right to the left along the starting straight as it positioned for the right-hand turn 1.  So P1 was set on the left.  But in 2011, several drivers requested that the left was more likely to be contaminated and preferred pole be set up on the right.  The director agreed and it was changed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/pole-slot-moved-to-right-hand-side-4445817/4445817/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Autosport article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the race you showed, Alonso gets a better start.  I have no idea why (better reaction, better car, better grip, ...), but that lets him pull a lead well prior to the first turn.  At that point it doesn't matter which direction the turn is in, he seems to be in control of the start.  Inside or outside wouldn't have mattered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-08-17T08:45:15.533" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14427" CreationDate="2022-08-18T15:58:02.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the first answer, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqpflG4ENjI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; little video explains the purpose of a shammy quite nicely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is used to dry yourself before the dive, especially the feet, in order not to slip.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unlike a normal towel, you can use it several times during training or competition because you can simply squeeze it and use it again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, some divers have developed a bit of superstition on what would happen if they did not use their own shammy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2022-08-18T15:58:02.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28208" CreationDate="2022-08-19T14:42:22.243" Score="3" ViewCount="1693" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen quite a few trades in the NHL go by as 'Player X for future considerations'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is, actually, future considerations? Is there any obligations to the team that gave 'future considerations' or its just a fancy way of saying 'we traded the player for literally nothing'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorDisplayName="user24253" LastEditDate="2022-08-31T20:39:02.323" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T20:39:02.323" Title="What is 'future considerations'?" Tags="|ice-hockey|trade|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28200" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28210" CreationDate="2022-08-21T12:54:12.757" Score="2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per title. Are there any sports where the best player is so dominant and wins so many tournaments that they got bored and retired to do/play something else? I'm not asking about people who quit or retired while ranked world number #1, but about people who state that they're leaving because there's no challenge left for them in the discipline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Offhand I can't think of any examples. The closest is Chess world champion Magnus Carlsen, who recently decided not to defend his World Champion title because he lost motivation. Still, he isn't quitting chess entirely - only World Championship matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2022-08-25T13:48:52.680" Title="Has there ever been a sport where the world's best player won so much they got bored?" Tags="|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-22T05:03:55.040" Score="1" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there are three sectors in each F1 track, coloured red, blue, and yellow. But how is the track divided up into these sectors? Are they all the same length (i.e. if a track is 3km then each sector is 1km)? Or is there some F1 regulation covering this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-22T08:27:55.053" LastActivityDate="2023-05-19T20:08:36.047" Title="How are the three sectors on an F1 track determined?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28201" CreationDate="2022-08-22T17:02:22.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is no straight science of 'all sectors should be the same length or the same time'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the Canadian GP&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9xdTO.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9xdTO.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just giving it a quick look over, its not distance. The red sector is clearly shorter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For times, looking at the times of FP1 of 2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/formula1/comments/veo0re/canadian_gp_2022fp1_sector_times/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/formula1/comments/veo0re/canadian_gp_2022fp1_sector_times/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sector 1: 20s. 2:24s. 3:29s. So not time either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best bet is that is at the discretion of the track owners. There is rules that you should try to make the equal as much as possible, but also, and that would be the main rule, that sectors should be split where the sector change is in a 'neutral' place. Where there is not a part of 'its in the middle of a turn so the times change depending on what point of the turn you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastActivityDate="2022-08-22T17:02:22.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28200" CreationDate="2022-08-22T20:10:48.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hm, she did not state in that she was actually bored but Ashleigh Barty quit playing tennis while at the no 1 postion in the rankings. OK, you discarded being at no 1 but still, she said she wanted to pursue other ventures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13223" LastActivityDate="2022-08-22T20:10:48.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28188" CreationDate="2022-08-23T06:15:40.290" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding, as an experienced referee of soccer/football at many levels, of the way that suspensions are determined (in Australia at least) is that all the factors you have mentioned are considered against prior cases as precedent for punishment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Australian sports at many levels of professionalism, these decisions are specifically made by lawyers specialising in interpretation of the Laws of the Game (or equivalent for a given sport) and competition rules. This is intended to remove prejudice or biases from the decision and remove the sports governing body (such as the FA) from the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this specific example, the review committee might look at factors such as malice, force or intent. While there is no excusing Núñez's actions, they would have been objectively worse if, for example, he had held Andersen's head and directed his headbutt more directly into his face, or followed the initial strike with one or more subsequent blows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for procedures, as far as I am aware, these are specifically held in confidence by the reviewing bodies, but can be assumed to be fairly similar to regular courtroom trial, albeit without a jury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23769" LastEditorUserId="23769" LastEditDate="2022-08-23T22:30:52.957" LastActivityDate="2022-08-23T22:30:52.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28207" CreationDate="2022-08-24T14:35:24.293" Score="1" ViewCount="805" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen quite a few trades in the NBA go by as 'Player X for cash considerations'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is, actually, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/06/portland-trail-blazers-twitter-cash-considerations-rockets-trade-nba&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cash considerations&lt;/a&gt;? Is there any obligations to the team that gave 'cash considerations' or its just a fancy way of saying 'we traded the player for literally cash'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24253" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-08-24T14:47:42.983" LastActivityDate="2022-08-25T12:48:45.540" Title="What is 'cash considerations'?" Tags="|basketball|trade|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5354" CreationDate="2022-08-24T17:58:45.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Lords slope can't possibly affect the way a ball moves on the pitch. The slope is about 1 in 50 and the amount of contact a ball makes with the surface is minuscule. The movement is all down to the skill of the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24255" LastActivityDate="2022-08-24T17:58:45.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28205" CreationDate="2022-08-24T18:13:37.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cash considerations is a fancy way of saying 'literal cash' with the caveat that it does not count toward the receiving team's salary cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The motivation to do this type of trade is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to obtain draft picks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to obtain rights to a particular player (to be drafted or under contract)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to use as a bargaining chip to match salaries or take on salary&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/basketball/what-cash-considerations-nba#:%7E:text=Cash%20considerations%20in%20the%20NBA%20are%20exactly%20what%20they%20sound,the%20recipient%20team%27s%20salary%20cap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Article&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/28205/what-is-cash-considerations?noredirect=1#comment37859_28205&quot;&gt;jros&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cash considerations in the NBA are exactly what they sound like –&#xA;actual money offered to teams as part of a deal. The only difference&#xA;here is that cash considerations do not count towards the recipient&#xA;team's salary cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24253" LastEditorDisplayName="user24253" LastEditDate="2022-08-25T12:48:45.540" LastActivityDate="2022-08-25T12:48:45.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28199" CreationDate="2022-08-24T18:24:30.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Future considerations is deferring the completion of a trade to a later point in time by sending (a) player(s) and/or (a) pick(s) as &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/28199/what-is-in-fact-future-considerations/28208#comment37853_28199&quot;&gt;you can't straight up trade players for cash&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The motivation to do this type of trade is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;due to not having the assets to trade at the time the trade is initiated&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to reassess the landscape of the team when looking to complete the trade&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nhl/news/nhl-future-considerations-explained-hockey-trade/h3egzkoougewz3moiulucwfn#:%7E:text=When%20a%20team%20agrees%20to%20send%20another%20club%20future%20considerations%2C%20it%20means%20that%20at%20another%20point%20in%20time%2C%20they%20will%20complete%20the%20deal%20by%20sending%20either%20a%20player%2C%20a%20pick%20or%20multiple%20of%20either.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; goes into more detail:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a team agrees to send another club future considerations, it&#xA;means that at another point in time, they will complete the deal by&#xA;sending either a player, a pick or multiple of either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the NHL, teams cannot trade a player or draft picks for cash alone,&#xA;so a player or pick has to go back the other way. Oftentimes, a team&#xA;wants to wait and figure out what position they need, or if they want&#xA;to get a draft pick in a later round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24253" LastEditorDisplayName="user24253" LastEditDate="2022-08-25T12:47:58.123" LastActivityDate="2022-08-25T12:47:58.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28200" CreationDate="2022-08-25T13:48:52.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ronnie O'Sullivan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2013, English snooker player &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_O%27Sullivan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ronnie O'Sullivan&lt;/a&gt; retired from the game to work on a pig farm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/james-lawton-ronnie-o-sullivan-is-no-trouble-his-brilliance-is-a-joy-to-behold-8606848.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Independent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do we want Ronnie O'Sullivan to soldier on through another year of angst? Why do we argue with those who say that he should make up his mind about either playing snooker or hiding away down on the farm and then give us all a bit of peace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comeback&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ronnie O'Sullivan has since come back from his retirement, but has again expressed his boredom with the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailystar.co.uk/sport/snooker/ronnie-osullivan-snooker-retirement-bored-26300820&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Daily star&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ronnie O’Sullivan has said that despite his recent victory in the European Masters ealier this week, he now finds snooker boring and does not give a &amp;quot;monkey's&amp;quot; about winning the World Championship again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;World number one&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite Ronnie O'Sullivan being the current world champion, and world number one, Ronnie O'Sullivan has once retired from snooker, and continues to express his boredom with the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_O%27Sullivan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE (born 5 December 1975) is an English professional snooker player who is the current world champion and world number one. Widely recognised as one of the most talented and accomplished players in the sport's history, he has won the World Snooker Championship seven times, a modern-era record he holds jointly with Stephen Hendry. He has won a record seven Masters and a record seven UK Championship titles for a total of 21 Triple Crown titles, the most achieved by any player. He holds the record for the most ranking titles, with 39, and has been world number one on multiple occasions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastActivityDate="2022-08-25T13:48:52.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28211" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-25T16:44:30.033" Score="1" ViewCount="937" Body="&lt;p&gt;Background:  I don’t know very much about or watch any sports.  But I’m interested in systems analysis and was trying to apply it to a baseball team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my understanding, the functional hierarchy is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Owner - Provides funding for everyone in the team.  Treats the team essentially as a black box model that decides to stop funding if return on investment seems to be bad.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;General Manager - Decides how to spend the owners funds on hiring and firing all members below this level.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Field Manager - Organizes players and strategies.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coaches - Coach players in certain positions how and when to act during a game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players - Play the game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct or are there other components I’m missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24257" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-08-25T18:49:11.627" LastActivityDate="2023-01-23T17:03:00.323" Title="What is the functional hierarchy of a baseball team?" Tags="|baseball|team-dynamics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28211" CreationDate="2022-08-26T14:11:33.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a good deal of other elements as well, though the owner to player hierarchy is roughly what you describe.  Not every team has the exact same organization - for example, some teams the Field Manager might also make some player personnel decisions, or in many teams there is a General Manager but also a VP - Player Personnel who is above the General Manager (basically a promotion path for General Managers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, baseball teams have a major part you ignore here, which is the scouting and player development staff.  Scouts work to identify players that the team might target, either college/high school players to draft, or minor league or major league players to trade for.  Player development personnel, on the other hand, work with the minor league teams that are contracted with the major league team, to develop those players, identify those who are ready to move up, and identify those who can be traded for other personnel.  This department is generally the largest in terms of employment (other than park operations, who would employ the retail and food service staff).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also some differentiation on the coaching side; there are the coaches who work on development, but there are also the game-day coaches.  Only the pitching coach really has a role in both (as they work with both the pitchers during non-game periods, and also go on the field to adjust strategy and help calm pitchers); most other development coaches have limited game-day roles. However, there are four game-day coaches who primarily exist for that game-day role; the bench coach, the bullpen coach, the first base coach, and the third base coach.  Those coaches have specific jobs on game day, and might not have any other role (though they may also have a development role separate from their game day role, or may not).  First and Third base coaches direct players when they are runners on the field; the bench coach manages the players on the bench and ensures they're where they should be, gives them scouting information, as well as taking over for the manager if they are incapacitated or ejected.  The bullpen coach manages the relievers in the bullpen, having them warm up when requested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there are many others who make sure games are possible who don't have a direct effect on players.  Field ops, park ops, ticket sales, etc.; there are quite a lot of people in these different roles that are important to the game occurring, but don't actually interact with or impact players directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-08-26T14:11:33.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28213" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-26T19:15:04.523" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve been watching a lot of racing recently, and one of the spectators said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a high centre of gravity is beneficial under traction for an F1 car&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this true? Is it even true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24260" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-26T20:36:50.530" LastActivityDate="2023-05-24T01:08:05.943" Title="Why would a high centre of gravity be beneficial under traction for an F1 car?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28213" CreationDate="2022-08-26T23:57:09.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hard for me to tell exactly what is meant.  I can imagine one scenario, but I doubt it's significant compared to the penalties that will happen under cornering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Acceleration is limited by the friction on the rear wheel.  And that's a function of the downward force on the rear tires.  At low speed, you don't get much aero downforce, so this is almost entirely from the portion of the vehicle weight on the rears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the car accelerates, a torque arises that tries to rotate the car front-to-back.  Under braking, a car pitches forward.  Under acceleration, the nose lifts up.  The higher the COG, the greater the force is required to stop the pitching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Together, this means that the weight balance of the car shifts slightly more to the rear under acceleration, and that will slightly increase the friction limit of the drive wheels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-08-26T23:57:09.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28216" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-27T02:05:20.643" Score="0" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 2022 Belgian Grand Prix, six drivers are due to start at the back of the grid due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12681960/belgian-gp-max-verstappen-and-charles-leclerc-set-for-back-of-the-grid-starts-after-engine-penalties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;power unit penalties&lt;/a&gt;. So, these drivers will occupy places P15 to P20 on the grid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is it determined which driver will be in P15 and which driver will be in P20 if all six drivers got the penalty simultaneously?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-27T09:52:01.440" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T09:52:01.440" Title="Who will put on last of the grid if many drivers get back grid penalty in F1?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28216" CreationDate="2022-08-27T07:26:27.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;They will be ordered by their qualifying position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/formula_1_-_sporting_regulations_-_2022_-_iss_4_-_2022-02-18.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting Regulations&lt;/a&gt;, for race weekends &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; a Sprint Race:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;42.3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Once the grid has been established in accordance with Article 42a), 42b) and 42c), grid penalties for any driver required to start the race from the back of the grid after incurring a penalty under Article 28.3) will be applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;i) If more than one (1) driver is required to start the race from the back of the grid they will be arranged in qualifying order.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any driver who incurs a penalty under in accordance with Article 28.3) or Article 29) will take precedence over any driver whose qualifying practice times have been deleted for any reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, in the case that multiple drivers do not set a qualifying time at all:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If more than one (1) driver falls into a single category in Article 42.3b) or Article 42.3e) above they will be arranged on the grid in the order they were classified in the previous period of the qualifying practice session or, in the case of Q1, the order they were classified in P3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For weekends &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; a Sprint Race, the rules are mostly the same, in that the drivers will be placed in relation to their finishing place in the Sprint Race. However, if they do not participate in the Sprint Race, then it goes back to the Sprint Qualifying placing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;41.4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If more than one driver falls into a single category in b) or e) above they will be arranged on the grid in the order they were classified in the sprint session or, in the order they were classified in the qualifying practice session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, although not expressly stated, I imagine that if the drivers did not participate in Sprint qualifying, then it would go by the P1 standings, similar to the non-sprint race weekends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T07:26:27.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28219" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-27T16:35:34.030" Score="-2" ViewCount="904" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it considered caught out if the cricket ball hits the handle of the bat and nothing else and the ball is subsequently caught?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24264" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-08-27T16:57:08.157" LastActivityDate="2023-11-20T10:48:01.800" Title="Is it considered caught if the ball hits the handle of the bat and is caught?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28219" CreationDate="2022-08-27T16:49:44.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/caught&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 33.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler [...] touches his/her bat and is subsequently held by a fielder [...] before it touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The handle is explicitly part of the bat, as defined by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-bat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.1.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bat consists of two parts, a handle and a blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-08-27T16:49:44.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28224" CreationDate="2022-08-29T11:30:22.240" Score="0" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say Bob is up to bat, Peter is pitching, and Ryan is a runner on 1st base (part of Bob's team).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario #1:&#xA;If Bob the batter hits the ball into Ryan the runner, what happens? Is Ryan out, or do things proceed as normal, with the ball in play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario #2:&#xA;Same as scenario #1, but before the ball hits Ryan the runner, it flies off Peter the pitcher's glove (because he failed to catch it). Same question about whether Ryan is out, or what happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario #3:&#xA;Pick what happened in Scenario #1 or #2. However, this time, Ryan catches the ball and holds it on him while running around the bases. Are there any rules that mess with Ryan in this scenario?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is in particular about the rules in American MLB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2022-08-29T12:17:00.520" Title="Rules about/against runners interracting with the ball in baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|major-leagues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28223" CreationDate="2022-08-29T12:17:00.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In #1, the runner is out; &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rule 5.09(b)&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The runner is out when: [...] (7) He is touched by a fair ball in fair territory before the ball has gone through, or by, an infielder and no other infielder has a chance to make a play on the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In #2 and #3, the runner is not out purely because they were hit by the ball. If they &lt;em&gt;intentionally&lt;/em&gt; interfere with the ball, they are out; Rule 6.01(a):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interference by a batter or a runner when: [...] (10) He [...] intentionally interferes with a thrown ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PENALTY FOR INTERFERENCE: The runner is out and the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball counts as &amp;quot;thrown&amp;quot; in this case as it touched a fielder, even though it wasn't really a throw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-08-29T12:17:00.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28229" CreationDate="2022-08-30T10:31:59.000" Score="0" ViewCount="529" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the batter Bob hits a pitch, and his bat breaks on the hit, how is that dealt with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, I'm concerned with 4 scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the broken piece of the bat just flies off, apparently affecting nothing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the bat breaking ruins what would've probably been a home run, and the batting side ends up with a significantly worse result (e.g. a simple infield hit).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the broken piece of the bat flies off and hurts one of the fielders (or pitcher) badly&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the broken piece of the bat flies off and not only hurts a fielder, but hampers what would've been a relevant play by that fielder. E.g. a fielder Fred could've caught a fly ball, but the broken part of the bat flew into him, hurting him and hampering him from catching the ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, I ask if there are any penalties for constantly having your bat break during games (e.g. purposefully bringing compromised/cracked bats)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="23757" LastEditDate="2022-08-30T10:39:14.230" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T13:58:09.340" Title="How are broken bats dealt with in baseball (MLB in particular)" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28227" CreationDate="2022-08-30T13:58:09.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned, most of this is covered in the MLB rulebook, specifically the comment on 5.09(a)(8):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a bat breaks and part of it is in fair territory and is hit by a&#xA;batted ball or part of it hits a runner or fielder, play shall&#xA;continue and no interference called. If a batted ball hits part of a&#xA;broken bat in foul territory, it is a foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the broken bat does not interfere with the play unlike what's commented above, play shall continue.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The end result of the play is the end result of the play despite what may have been if the bat didn't break.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The comment above covers this scenario.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The comment above covers this scenario.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And lastly,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The penalty for purposefully bringing compromised bats is an out, an ejection, and is subject to further penalties to be determined.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 6.06(d) covers compromised bats. A cracked bat isn't always a compromised bat but a cracked bat can uncover a compromised bat - as with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/cubs/ct-sammy-sosa-corked-bat-chicago-cubs-20200603-hq36puopwnah3mefmdljxpouq4-story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sammy Sosa in 2003&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.06 &lt;strong&gt;A batter is out&lt;/strong&gt; for illegal action when—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;He uses or attempts to use a bat that, in the umpire’s judgment, has&#xA;been altered or tampered with&lt;/strong&gt; in such a way to improve the distance&#xA;factor or cause an unusual reaction on the baseball. This includes,&#xA;bats that are filled, flat-surfaced, nailed, hollowed, grooved or&#xA;covered with a substance such as paraffin, wax, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No advancement on the bases will be allowed and any out or outs made&#xA;during a play shall stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to being called out, &lt;strong&gt;the player shall be ejected from the game and may be subject to additional penalties as determined by his League President&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24253" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T13:58:09.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-30T14:12:36.383" Score="-2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Chess, the standard metric is Elo, which weighs losses against &amp;quot;bad&amp;quot; players more heavily than losses against &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; players. Same for the opposite scenario (winning against bad players is not worth much, winning against good players is worth a lot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things like ERA, Batting Average, and On Base Percentage don't at all take into account the skill of the opponent. If a closing pitcher is most often pulled out against good batters, obviously his ERA will be worse than if he were to pitch against any random batter. Same for designated hitters, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there not any Elo-like score in sabermetrics (baseball statistics) that accounts for opponent ability when adjusting for ones skill level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Games like Chess, and even video games like Halo use Elo-like systems to assign scores to players. I was just wondering if Baseball did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T15:21:45.790" Title="Elo-like metrics that replace ERA/BA/OBP that account for the strengths of the pitcher/batter?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28230" CreationDate="2022-08-30T15:21:45.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No element of ELO would make sense for baseball at the individual performer level.  Individual performers don't really have individual outcomes - every outcome depends on everyone else; and further, they have so many different outcomes (is a single a win? a home run?) that a metric based on a single win/loss would not be feasible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ELO can be used on the team level, and sometimes is - fivethirtyeight for example uses ELO based metrics to evaluate teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For individual players, you either have statistics based on one part of what they do (OBP, etc.), some of which have adjusted versions to control for things that statisticians have evaluated to be important to control for - for example ERA+ or FIP (Fielding Independent Pitching), each of which control for some elements that should not impact pitchers future performance, such as defense - or you have WAR-type statistics, which attempt to evaluate how much each action they took increased the likelihood of winning (or decreased).  The latter is probably closer to ELO in its approach, though certainly not particularly similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://fangraphs.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fangraphs&lt;/a&gt; articles if you want to learn more about what each of these statistics mean and why they were chosen or relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-08-30T15:21:45.790" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28233" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-08-31T04:52:30.040" Score="2" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team had six players on the court during the first of two free throws. The extra player was removed before the second free throw attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a technical violation or was the time during the first free throw a dead ball period?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24280" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-08-31T06:00:47.650" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T06:00:47.650" Title="6 players on the court during free throw" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28236" CreationDate="2022-08-31T10:43:34.630" Score="0" ViewCount="567" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Max Verstappen currently tearing up the F1 Championship by claiming his 9th race win of the season in Spa (BEL), only needs a handful of races to retain his F1 World Championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 8 races remaining, he has the chance to rack up as many wins as possible, but who currently holds the record for the most wins in a single season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24176" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T11:47:34.887" Title="Driver with the Most Race Wins in a Single Season" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28237" CreationDate="2022-08-31T12:50:02.967" Score="4" ViewCount="1042" Body="&lt;p&gt;While watching the 2022 US Open 1st Round match between Raducanu and Cornet, one of the commentators said something along the lines of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] the balls are different this year, they are slightly heavier than before, but still different to the men's balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Not &lt;em&gt;exact&lt;/em&gt; wording, it's from memory, but the gist of the sentence is the same.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This surprised me as a very casual tennis fan, in that I naively assumed that a tennis ball is pretty much the same as any other tennis ball and, if there are differences, then at the elite level I would have thought that there would have been some standardisation across the professional scene, for both men and women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are differences between the men's and women's tennis balls (if any; perhaps I misheard the commentator, or he misspoke), and why are they different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-06-14T15:11:46.517" Title="Difference between Men's and Women's Tennis balls?" Tags="|tennis|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28234" CreationDate="2022-08-31T13:43:12.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the time the question was asked, the record was &lt;strong&gt;13 wins in a season&lt;/strong&gt;, held by two drivers: Michael Schumacher, who won 13 out of 18 races in 2004; and Sebastian Vettel, who won 13 out of 19 races in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verstappen went on to win 15 races in 2022, and as of the time of this edit, has won &lt;strong&gt;17 races&lt;/strong&gt; in 2023, breaking the record for a second time. Verstappen now also holds the record for highest &lt;em&gt;proportion&lt;/em&gt; of races won in a season: 17/22 = 77.27%, breaking the record of 75% (6 wins in 8 races) set by Alberto Ascari in 1952. That proportion will increase to as high as 86.36% if he wins the remaining two races at Las Vegas and Abu Dhabi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-06T11:47:34.887" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T11:47:34.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28235" CreationDate="2022-08-31T15:33:46.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ITF has several different tennis ball types that it permits.  Each tournament can choose which balls to use from any that meet the qualifications.  The USTA publishes a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/2021-pdfs/2021%20Balls%20List%20(Website%20format).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of approved balls&lt;/a&gt; based on the ITF standard that are approved in USTA tournaments, including &amp;quot;US Open&amp;quot; balls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The US Open is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/aug/29/us-open-tennis-balls-row-iga-swiatek&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;only Grand Slam that uses different balls for Mens and Womens&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the men use Wilson’s US Open extra duty balls, women use Wilson US Open regular duty balls which are enveloped by a thinner and less fluffy felt cover, leading to a faster, more aerodynamic ball, and consternation among some players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The effect may be to speed up the game some, though that is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thestar.com/sports/tennis/2012/09/10/us_open_why_not_all_tennis_balls_are_alike.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;controversial&lt;/a&gt; as a lighter ball will be faster initially but then slow as it has less momentum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stated reason, however, is to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/34425055/top-ranked-iga-swiatek-questions-why-us-open-uses-different-tennis-balls-men-women&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reduce injury&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The WTA has always utilized regular felt balls for hardcourt play, and we have now begun to hear from a select number of our athletes that they would like to consider a change to using the extra duty ball,&amp;quot; Binder said. &amp;quot;The basis behind using the regular felt ball was that it limited the potential of arm, shoulder, elbow and wrist injuries. This is something that we will continue to monitor and discuss further with both our athletes and our sports science teams.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T15:33:46.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28235" CreationDate="2022-08-31T15:33:49.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a somewhat controversial decision taken by the US Open to deliberately use different balls for men and women. Quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://inews.co.uk/sport/tennis/tennis-balls-us-open-why-different-men-women-iga-swiatek-explained-1823650&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this iNews article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the men play with Wilson’s extra duty tennis balls – developed specifically for hard courts – the women play with regular duty balls, which play faster, are less durable and are actually more suited to softer surfaces like clay or indoor courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the other Grand Slams, it is as you expect and the men and women use the same ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T15:33:49.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28239" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28240" CreationDate="2022-08-31T15:46:06.380" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have long been a football fan, though in recent years buisness has prevailed over watching sport, so I have kind of taken my eye off the ball, but I did notice that this year Scotland finished second in &amp;quot;FIFA World Cup European Qualifying Group F&amp;quot;, and yet failed to automatically qualify for the World Cup finals, instead entering a play-off phase. However, this is different from previous years when Scotland have finished second in the group qualifiers and been rewarded with automatic qualification for the World Cup finals. I also notice the same is true of the European Championships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have conducted a quick search of Google to try and find the answer, but the answer is not immediately obvious, so my question is, since when did second place in the World Cup group qualifiers stop being good enough to qualify automatically for the World Cup finals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-08-31T17:23:43.257" LastActivityDate="2022-09-03T04:47:41.700" Title="Since when did second place in the World Cup group qualifiers stop being good enough to qualify automatically for the World Cup finals?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28239" CreationDate="2022-08-31T17:03:17.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There isn't a clear cut answer to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The last time that all second place countries in the UEFA qualifiers went directly to the World Cup was in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 cycle&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998 cycle&lt;/a&gt; the best ranked second place team went directly to the World Cup; the second place team in the other eight groups went to playoffs. The qualifier is this case happened to be Scotland, so I suspect this is what you are thinking of.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 cycle&lt;/a&gt;, all second place teams went into playoffs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006 cycle&lt;/a&gt; had 8 larger groups rather than 9 smaller groups, so two second place teams (Poland and Sweden) qualified directly, with the other 6 teams going into playoffs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#UEFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010 cycle&lt;/a&gt;, no second place teams have qualified directly. In some cases, the worst second place team has been directly eliminated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-08-31T17:30:42.347" LastActivityDate="2022-08-31T17:30:42.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28245" CreationDate="2022-08-31T17:17:58.563" Score="-2" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was surprised to learn that, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballrulesacademy.com/official-rule/mlb/8-02-appeal-of-umpire-decisions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 8.02a&lt;/a&gt;, umpires basically have free rein to make calls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: If an umpire consistently makes verifiably wrong calls, or is overly aggressive (or lenient) in dealing with players, how can they be dealt with? What is the process to have action taken against a bad-acting umpire? And what becomes of the games that they had badly umpired? e.g. if, a day later, camera footage shows something was verifiably a strike, but an umpire miscalled it, you can't just go back in time and undo things, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-09-01T21:00:40.040" LastActivityDate="2022-09-01T21:00:40.040" Title="How are bad-acting umpires dealt with in baseball? And what happens to the games they umpired for?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|mlb|video-review|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28241" CreationDate="2022-09-01T20:28:44.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Umpires are evaluated over time, and their assignments, particularly postseason assignments, are determined in part by those evaluations.  See for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://grantland.com/the-triangle/postseason-umpires-mlb-accurate-joe-west/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Grantland's piece on this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“The main component in the selection of Umpires for Postseason assignments is performance during the season,” Teevan wrote. “We factor in results from the Zone Evaluation system for their plate assignments, accuracy on their calls and rulings, and observations of their work by our Supervisory staff. In addition, there is consideration given to an Umpire’s experience level (overall seniority and previous Postseasons), his proficiency at handling situations, health and time missed during the season, and a number of other administrative factors.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, they don't seem to actually consistently pick the best ball/strike callers, as the rest of that article goes on to say... some of that is union rules I imagine, some is wanting older more experienced umpires (who may not be quite as good at balls/strikes due to eyesight issues or whatever).  There's nothing to say their evaluations don't contribute, but they don't seem to contribute enough to make a statistically significant difference in the final outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were an umpire to be a true bad actor, and actively try to harm the game, MLB could take action through their collective bargaining agreement, but that's not happened in the MLB.  See, however, the NBA and Tim Donaghy for an example of how that might play out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other major issue here to consider is that the rule specifies &lt;em&gt;judgement calls&lt;/em&gt;.  Meaning, any call that is considered up to the umpire's judgement, and not a clearly factual in-or-out, is not reviewable - but anything that &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; based on some factual detail (such as, did the runner slide into the bag, did the ball hit the player, etc.) is reviewable, and the umpire has &lt;em&gt;no say&lt;/em&gt; in the result - it's entirely up to the folks in New York at MLB HQ to make the decision, the umpire just relays the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, of course, why is balls/strikes considered a judgement call... that's up to MLB to define, but it is how they chose to define it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-09-01T20:28:44.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28247" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-02T11:14:09.267" Score="1" ViewCount="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;Olympic artistic gymnastics is maybe the only olympic sport, where men and women do almost totally &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.liveabout.com/womens-gymnastics-vs-mens-gymnastics-1714801&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;different subdisciplines&lt;/a&gt; (except for vault and floor). For example women are not allowed to compete in gymnastics rings or pommel horse and men are not allowed to compete in beam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically the reasons doesn't seem to be clear, I have read that &amp;quot;the 1936 Olympics, the first to include women, had just one set of gymnastic apparatuses, and women used some of them&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bustle.com/articles/178086-why-dont-female-gymnasts-do-rings-the-olympics-reinforce-these-outdated-gender-roles-in-a-surprising&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; and in the 48 Olympics women seemed to compete in rings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bustle.com/articles/178086-why-dont-female-gymnasts-do-rings-the-olympics-reinforce-these-outdated-gender-roles-in-a-surprising&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very informed speculation suggests that it was a combination of&#xA;women's physical attributes and gender norms that contributed to the&#xA;apparatus selection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a modern perspective, I don't see any reasons not to open all subdisciplines for both women and men. It might (surely) be that men can aquire higher skills for example on gymnastic rings or on pommel horse than women (because of higher upper body strength), but that's equally the case in many other sports as well for example in weightlifting or crossfit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, that it might be very difficult to train for all of the union of sets of the the existing disciplines, however this don't have to be required. For example in track and field most athletes specialize on one (or a few) subdisciplines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This leads me to the following questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there documented discussions about this topic on any international or national level? Do you have references?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If so, what where the reasons not to open all subdisciplines for both sexes?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where there any &amp;quot;experimental&amp;quot; attempts in the past to go a step into this direction?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;sub&gt;&#xA;Footnote&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as addition here some links to youtube-videos of some example how it may look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Women on rings: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtDkYvwH94U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXPyCFPzi_k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6PVQULwvSA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Men on beam and uneven bars: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_Oz5_jmgkk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It is difficult to find such examples).&#xA;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11990" LastEditorUserId="11990" LastEditDate="2022-09-02T11:42:15.667" LastActivityDate="2022-09-02T11:42:15.667" Title="Olympic artistic gymnastics: Why are not all subdisciplines open for both sexes" Tags="|gymnastics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20498" CreationDate="2022-09-02T18:32:16.877" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Muhammad Sami from Pakistan also take 4 wickets in an over against New Zealand 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/LrE8gCJaHbE?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At 1:45, they give an accounting of the 36th over; WW00WW.  Three wickets are taken by bowling, and one is caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24283" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-09-02T19:51:29.940" LastActivityDate="2022-09-02T19:51:29.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-03T02:19:17.803" Score="3" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose that after 2023, Mercedes did not renew Lewis Hamilton's contract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could Hamilton go to another main team such as Red Bull or Ferrari as a driver?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can F1 driver contracts forbid transferring to another team, for reasons such as protecting their competitive secrets?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-09-03T03:18:45.560" LastActivityDate="2022-09-03T11:29:40.893" Title="Can, and do, Formula 1 driver contracts forbid transferring to a competitor?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|legal-issues|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28249" CreationDate="2022-09-03T11:29:40.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easy half of this to answer is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do&lt;/strong&gt; Formula 1 driver contracts forbid transferring to a competitor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While we obviously don't have the details of every single contract, there are plenty of examples of this happening, whether that be Hamilton's move from McLaren to Mercedes in 2013, Vettel's move from Red Bull to Ferrari in 2015 or  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/62767046&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oscar Piastri's move from Alpine to McLaren in 2022&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The harder half is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; Formula 1 driver contracts forbid this?&amp;quot; That's more a question of general contract law, but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All F1 teams except Haas (US-based) and maybe Alfa Romeo (registered in Switzerland) are bound by the EU's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosman_ruling&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bosman ruling&lt;/a&gt; which would prevent this in the general case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Could a specific non-compete on confidentiality grounds be used? That's a question which is very jurisdiction dependent. My entirely unprofessional opinion is that this would probably not fly under UK law: while the UK allows non-compete clauses in general, they have to be &amp;quot;reasonable&amp;quot; and in particular not be so broad as to prevent the employee from obtaining appropriate work. Preventing an F1 driver from going to &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; other F1 team would probably meet the threshold of obtaining appropriate work, as the driver would almost certainly not be able to obtain work at similar pay and conditions in any other field.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-03T11:29:40.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25572" CreationDate="2022-09-03T19:39:07.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First answer is very good.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;So I add just a small addition with the color code for who reads in future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lights make it easier to spot the first 3 leaders for each category, especially during the night for people who are spectators there at the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LM P1 or Hypercar LMH / LMDh - red lights&#xA;(also the car number is on red background with P1 or HYPER CAR red text next to it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LM P2 - blue lights&#xA;(the car number is on blue background with P2 blue text next to it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;GTE PRO - green lights&#xA;(the car number is on green background with PRO green text next to it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;GTE AM - orange / amber lights&#xA;(the car number is on orange background with AM orange text next to it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24285" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-09-03T22:30:13.007" LastActivityDate="2022-09-03T22:30:13.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28253" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-03T23:50:16.170" Score="2" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_pole_vault_world_record_progression&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Men's pole vault world record progression&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia, the record advances fairly regularly starting in the late '50 up through 1994. There are no new records until 2014, and then the record goes back to being broken fairly regularly since 2020 (with a small pandemic gap for 2021). Why is there such a large gap after 1994?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One observation of note is that often the same name appears many times in the records, so the overall regularity might be due in part to athletes regularly beating their own records over their careers as they grow longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24287" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-02-06T10:18:30.020" LastActivityDate="2023-02-06T10:18:30.020" Title="Why is there a gap in pole-vault records starting in 1994 and resuming as of 2020?" Tags="|records|pole-vault|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28253" CreationDate="2022-09-04T03:07:22.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with most sports, you can argue that the athletes have been getting better over the years and decades. They have better form and technique, are more specialized in what they do and tend to stick to a sport from a younger age, have access to better nutrition, and with modern sponsorship they can fully focus on their sports. Based on these factors one expects records to improve over the years, until a human productivity plateau is reached under the rules of a sport, which can cause stagnation of new records, or the rate at which they're set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other factors that can effect the rate of new records; we'll focus on technology. In a different sport for example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZR_Racer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fastskin&lt;/a&gt; swimming suit resulted in many swimming records being broken. But eventually the technology was banned, considered &amp;quot;technology doping&amp;quot; as it gave advantage to those swimmers who wore them. Change in technology can also lower/decrease the records. For example after Uwe Hohn's javelin throw of over 100m, the javelin was redesigned to be thrown shorter on purpose, as athletes were starting to throw it far enough that it was becoming dangerous for the other events happening on the track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technology may have had the greatest impact on Pole Vault when it comes to improvements. You can read about the evolution of the poles &lt;a href=&quot;https://illumin.usc.edu/2702-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Poles have changes from stiff wood, to slightly bendable bamboo, to steel and aluminum, to carbon fiber these days. I personally don't follow pole vault enough, but suspect even the fiber carbon technology has had improvements over the years. The jumpers get their energy to gain vertical distance from their run up, so the better the pole can translate the horizontal energy of the athlete running towards the box, to vertical, the higher the athlete can jump. So with poles that more efficiently transfer the energy, we can expect the pole vault records to get better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, as you mentioned, the records plateaued after 1994. This is because &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Bubka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergey Bubka&lt;/a&gt; was the best jumper at the time and pushed the records to the point no other could. He took it to the plateau point where we had to wait untill &amp;quot;better' suited athletes could make improvements.&#xA;The record was eventually broken by 2cm, but Bubka remained the most consistent high pole vaulter of all time. Only in summer of 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Duplantis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mondo Duplantis&lt;/a&gt; managed to have more 6 meter jumps than Bubka. Having been born to parents who competed in athletics, and with great talent, Duplantis has already been improving world records since he was 20. He's now doing what Bubka did decades ago, pushing the world record higher few cm at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-09-04T03:07:22.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24985" CreationDate="2022-09-04T12:53:10.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's elaborate more on why the simple &lt;code&gt;(0.60 * 1.70)X&lt;/code&gt; expression gives you a value bet. Taking the same example as in Kendall's answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Expected-Profit = Prob.Win * Win-profit - Prob.Loss * Bet-amount&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Prob.Win = 0.6       (this is your analysis)&#xA;Prob.Loss = 0.4      (this is your analysis)&#xA;Win-profit = 0.7     (this is the bookie offer)&#xA;Bet amount = 1.0     (this is your bet)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plugging in we get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Expected-Profit = 0.6 * 0.7 - 0.4 * 1.0&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Noticing that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Expected-Payout = Expected-Profit + Bet-amount&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Expected-Payout = (0.6 * 0.7 - 0.4 * 1.0) + (1.0)&#xA;                = (0.6 * 0.7 - 0.4) + (0.6 + 0.4)&#xA;                = (0.6 * 0.7) + (0.6)&#xA;                = 0.6 * 1.7&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and with this simplification we do not actually need to look at the prob. of other outcomes (loss or draw (draw not show in this example)) and can always express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Expected-Payout = Prob.win * Win-Payout&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &lt;code&gt;Prob.win&lt;/code&gt; is your calculated value, so any &lt;code&gt;Expected-Payout &amp;gt; 1.0&lt;/code&gt; is in the money (in this case &lt;code&gt;0.6 * 1.7 = 1.02&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same analysis can be done on other bets (loss or draw).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24288" LastEditorUserId="24288" LastEditDate="2022-09-04T13:07:02.423" LastActivityDate="2022-09-04T13:07:02.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28256" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-05T14:29:12.220" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I follow football scores using websites like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flashscore.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Flashscores&lt;/a&gt; that has live updates of goals etc. When a goal is scored (or any event like a red card, sub etc) in a game what is the process that happens between the event happening and it appearing on a website or eg as a goal on Sky Sports Soccer Saturday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My hunch is that there is some league official at every match with a laptop and an Internet connection that reports back events to some database at league HQ. Then third parties like broadcasters, bookmakers and score websites poll this data. But I cant find any information on it at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give scope to the question I'd be interested in the English Professional and Semi-Pro leagues. However info on how this happens in other countries is just as acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-02-28T02:50:12.177" Title="How are football scores centrally updated" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-06T06:54:22.150" Score="1" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens in tennis when a ball hits the 'service line' but you are unsure if it also touched the 'central service line' to call it in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in the drawing the player serving must throw the ball to the left service box, it is clear that the ball is not long because it touched the service line but how to tell if it is left enough?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be touching the center line but you don't know for sure because those two lines merge. Even with hawk eye you won't see the limit of the center line because it merges with the service line and both are white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any example of a hawk eye challenge like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sZwZs.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sZwZs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24294" LastEditorUserId="24294" LastEditDate="2022-09-06T23:29:14.580" LastActivityDate="2023-03-18T18:04:05.480" Title="In tennis how to call a service ball close to the intersection of the service lines" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28260" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-06T16:54:30.863" Score="0" ViewCount="2703" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a song playing heading into the commercial breaks, that says &amp;quot;get up&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;electric&amp;quot;. Does anyone know the name of the song or who sings it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24297" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-09-06T18:27:31.697" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T21:39:31.517" Title="Song played before commercial breaks at the 2022 US Open" Tags="|tennis|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28260" CreationDate="2022-09-06T18:26:20.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this is &amp;quot;Light up the Night&amp;quot; by Nick Connors. It was previously (mistakenly) suggested and then deleted on &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/25150/15589&quot;&gt;a question about the 2020 US Open coverage&lt;/a&gt;, and part of the chorus matches your description of the lyrics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get in the flow&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Everybody move, get on the floor, yeah&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;'Coz we're so electric&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Feeling so electric&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The song's YouTube comments also contain multiple references to the 2022 US Open:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/DGsMeAfBjzM?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-09-06T18:26:20.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28265" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28266" CreationDate="2022-09-09T01:34:56.587" Score="0" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an expression 'stud defender' in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/mlb-set-to-implement-rule-changes-for-2023-including-a-pitch-clock-per-report/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article about the shift in MLB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The team must designate two infielders for each side of second base and they cannot switch (for example, a team can't have a stud defender move back and forth based upon the handedness of the hitter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does a &lt;em&gt;stud defender&lt;/em&gt; mean exactly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2022-10-11T04:15:14.670" LastActivityDate="2022-10-11T04:15:14.670" Title="What is a 'stud defender' in baseball?" Tags="|baseball|terminology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28265" CreationDate="2022-09-09T04:48:59.120" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think rather than being a set phrase or baseball jargon, it's using &amp;quot;stud&amp;quot; to mean a fantastic player.  You can read this phrase as &amp;quot;stellar infielder&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have an A++ infielder and several others of average ability, you can't move the standout from SS to 2B as the batters change to cover the changes in probability of which side the ball is likely to arrive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-09-09T06:47:24.540" LastActivityDate="2022-09-09T06:47:24.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-09T05:27:03.727" Score="1" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;F1 engineers really want their car designs to be more aerodynamic and wind-resistant. Some of the tracks in F1 can be cold, hot, or windy, depending on the season and time of day during the race. Can strong wind make a difference in terms of qualifying or during the race? For example, can the wind &amp;quot;push&amp;quot; the car from behind in order to get more speed and give an unintentional advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-09-09T06:44:52.913" LastActivityDate="2023-05-07T18:27:52.000" Title="Can wind affect an F1 car's speed during qualifying and the race?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28267" CreationDate="2022-09-09T07:00:07.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tailwinds (blowing in the direction of travel) and headwinds (blowing against the direction of travel) are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headwind_and_tailwind&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;well-known phenomena&lt;/a&gt;, and they affect Formula One as well. A tailwind would increase the car's acceleration and top speed, and lower its fuel consumption; a headwind would have the opposite effect but would also allow the driver to brake later going into a corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know how powerful these effects actually are in Formula One. To my knowledge, F1 cars are optimised to work as well as possible in any given wind condition, without relying on headwinds or tailwinds to improve performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that crosswinds - winds that strike the car from the side - are considered unfavourable, as they can unbalance the car during cornering and potentially cause it to spin. The &amp;quot;shark fin&amp;quot; designs of the late 2000s and early 2010s were especially susceptible to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-09-09T07:00:07.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28267" CreationDate="2022-09-09T15:17:07.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can strong wind make a difference in terms of qualifying or during the race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely! The most dramatic examples of this come when you see a strong gust of wind unsettling a car sufficiently to cause a spin or other loss of control - during qualifying for the Hungarian GP in 2021 Carlos Sainz &lt;a href=&quot;https://the-race.com/formula-1/sainz-explains-how-35-40kph-tailwind-caused-q2-crash/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;crashed&lt;/a&gt; following a strong gust. But there effects that are less visible but still significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, can the wind &amp;quot;push&amp;quot; the car from behind in order to get more speed and give an unintentional advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A strong wind from behind (called a &amp;quot;tailwind&amp;quot;) will definitely help increase straight-line speed, not so much because it's &amp;quot;pushing&amp;quot; the car exactly but rather that it's effectively reducing the aerodynamic drag on the car. The flipside of this comes when you arrive at the braking zone and entry to the corner at the end of the straight - much of an F1 cars grip comes from aerodynamic downforce generated by the car moving through the air, and in simplistic terms downforce is produced at the square of the speed. i.e. twice the speed equals four times the downforce. But as this is a purely aerodynamic effect it’s &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; about the car’s road speed, it’s really about the car speed relative to the &lt;em&gt;airspeed&lt;/em&gt; - so a strong tailwind means less downforce, less downforce means less grip so you have to brake earlier and carry less speed into the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely a strong wind coming from in front of the car (a &amp;quot;headwind&amp;quot;) will slow the car down in a straight line as it will increase the drag (like how it's harder trying to walk into a strong wind) but since the airspeed relative to the car is now &lt;em&gt;higher&lt;/em&gt; you'll get higher levels of downforce and therefore you can brake later and carry more speed into the corner. The increased drag from a headwind also has an effect when you're talking about cars racing each other - the slipstream effect and DRS are both more powerful in a headwind (and the reverse into a tail wind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How big an effect this all has varies from track to track - some, like Silverstone in the UK are geographically quite exposed and therefore strong (and often quite changeable) winds are common, but if we're talking pure lap time then it's unlikely to be large, and if the winds are reasonably consistent then it's going to be the same for everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2022-09-09T15:17:07.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28270" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-10T01:16:56.977" Score="1" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;Little league baseball. No outs runners on 2nd and 3rd. Batter hits fly ball to outfield that is caught, runner from 3rd doesn’t tag up and crosses home plate. Runner from 3rd heads into the dugout. Runner from 2nd tags up, advances to 3rd, then advances home safely due to an errant throw.&#xA;Should the runner on 3rd be out once they enter the dugout or does an appeal need to take place.&#xA;Also, is the runner on 2nd out for passing the runner on 3rd since they didn’t legally advance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24328" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T15:52:27.203" Title="How should this be ruled?" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28370" CreationDate="2022-09-10T20:26:19.290" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2022/races/1120/italy/starting-grid.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 Italian GP at Monza&lt;/a&gt;, 9 racing drivers (Verstappen, Perez, Ocon, Bottas, Magnussen, Schumacher, Sainz, Hamilton, Tsunoda) were issued with grid penalties, to varying degrees, altering the starting grid for the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is this the most amount of penalised drivers on a starting grid?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarification, I am looking for the number of drivers penalised, not the total number of penalties applied (e.g. Tsunoda had three separate penalties applied at this race weekend).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-09-11T08:36:58.107" LastActivityDate="2022-10-14T13:36:23.553" Title="Most number of drivers penalised prior to a race starting" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28270" CreationDate="2022-09-12T15:52:27.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner on 2nd is definitely not out - they get to score.  See for example this explanation in 5.09(b)(2) from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule also covers the following and similar plays: Less than two out, score tied last of ninth inning, runner on first, batter hits a ball out of park for winning run, the runner on first passes second and thinking the home run automatically wins the game, cuts across diamond toward his bench as batter-runner circles bases. In this case, the base runner would be called out “for abandoning his effort to touch the next base” and batter-runner permitted to continue around bases to make his home run&#xA;valid. If there are two out, home run would not count. See Rule 5.09(d).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not an identical situation, but not all that different in that a runner legally scores after a runner does something illegal; the first runner's breaking the rules doesn't invalidate the second runner or cause them to &amp;quot;pass&amp;quot; them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the runner on 3rd - yes, this is an appeal play.  From 5.09(b)(5):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) He fails to retouch his base after a fair or foul ball is legally caught before he, or his base, is tagged by a fielder. He shall not be called out for failure to retouch his base after the first following pitch, or any play or attempted play. This is an appeal play;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the runner from 3rd is out, and the runner from 2nd scores legally, assuming the defense properly completes the appeal on the runner from 3rd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-09-12T15:52:27.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28277" CreationDate="2022-09-13T06:54:26.340" Score="2" ViewCount="399" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_British_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1991 British Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt; race weekend at Silverstone, U.K., someone was flying a flag with the Ferrari logo that had an additional, shorter flag attached to its edge, as shown in this frame from around 1:18:30 in the the 2021 documentary &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schumacher_(film)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Schumacher&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMqJv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMqJv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't be sure, but it looks as if this may be an &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; flag put up by the venue or the race management, as it's attached to the structure of the stands (note that the pole, extending from the stands rail, also carries what looks like a loudspeaker).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The design on this second flag appears to be the &amp;quot;CHC&amp;quot; logo of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Montreal Canadiens&lt;/a&gt; ice hockey team, particularly as used on the home game uniform:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VDyni.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VDyni.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's going on here? Does this logo also have some significance in racing, or for this particular race? Or is this just a fan randomly sewing flags together?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22054" LastActivityDate="2022-09-13T07:16:30.663" Title="Why the CHC (Montreal Candiens) logo at an F1 Grand Prix race?" Tags="|ice-hockey|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28276" CreationDate="2022-09-13T07:16:30.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It won't be an official flag.  I have no source but I'm 100% confident that even back then venues would only erect signage for sponsors or their own advertising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From first hand experience, back in the 90s the organisation of Grands Prix was less restrictive (I remember Belgian GP as late as 1998 having fan-constructed makeshift grandstands up near Les Combes). As a result, I fully believe that these are fan flags that have commandeered any available anchor to celebrate their favourite teams. In this case you likely have an ice hockey fan in the crowd too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe that there was any overt link with Canada in 91 beyond the Canadian GP and a historic affection for the late Giles Villeneuve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="737" LastActivityDate="2022-09-13T07:16:30.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28278" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-13T10:55:59.007" Score="0" ViewCount="4858" Body="&lt;p&gt;Found this video on facebook where a goal was cancelled because there was offside behind the goalkeeper. I don't know whether the video was fake or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E363F.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E363F.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the rule of this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24335" LastActivityDate="2022-09-13T11:13:25.837" Title="Offside behind the goalkeeper" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2022-09-14T07:03:40.713" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28278" CreationDate="2022-09-13T11:13:25.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/offside/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Law&lt;/a&gt; is the same as it always is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player is in an offside position if: [...] any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper is not &amp;quot;special&amp;quot; in any way in the offside law: there must be two opponents closer to the goal-line than the player when the ball is played. In the screenshot in your question, there is only one opponent closer to the goal-line so it was correctly ruled offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-13T11:13:25.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28283" CreationDate="2022-09-13T20:08:06.290" Score="1" ViewCount="1331" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware that a Formula 1 driver requires an F1 Super License.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.motorsportweek.com/2022/08/11/to-become-an-f1-driver-you-need-to-follow-some-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Motorsportweek&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From having an F1 Super Licence to meeting a weight minimum, there are several aspects Formula 1 drivers and individuals dreaming of getting there must take into account, so no, it is by no means a slapdash sport; it is rigorous, arduous, and requires much work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I am less aware about is whether or not a Formula 1 driver loses their F1 Super License upon becoming disqualified from driving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For anyone that does not understand the question, then let's say for example that a Formula 1 driver goes out for a drive around the city and gets charged with drink driving, and then later in court gets found guilty and loses his normal driving license. In this instance, does the driver also lose his F1 Super License?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastActivityDate="2022-10-15T14:02:41.643" Title="Does a Formula 1 driver lose their F1 Super License upon losing their normal driving license?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28281" CreationDate="2022-09-14T06:52:14.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Until 2015, having a Super License did not require you to have a regular road license first. That year, however, Max Verstappen earned his Super License (and made his F1 debut) before he earned his road license, and the rules were changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since then, as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/appendix_l_2022_publie_le_15_december_2021_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Appendix L&lt;/a&gt; of the FIA International Sporting Code (link in French), a driver must hold a valid road license in order to be eligible for a Super License. However, this only applies the first time you apply for one, so while Super Licenses have to be renewed annually, losing your road license would not automatically cost you your Super License, nor prevent you from renewing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is, however, likely that a driver convicted of drunk-driving would be charged by the FIA with bringing the sport into disrepute, and sanctioned accordingly. This may include having their Super License revoked, but I can't find any rules stating that a driver may lose their Super License due to off-track offences, nor am I aware of any precedent. The only driver I know of to have received a criminal conviction while competing in F1 was Bertrand Gachot in 1991, and while he was sacked by Jordan, he did not lose his Super License and returned to the sport with Larrousse immediately after his release.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-15T14:02:41.643" LastActivityDate="2022-10-15T14:02:41.643" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28287" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-14T21:37:10.887" Score="0" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;On July 3, 1993, there was a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/PHI/PHI199307022.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;baseball game&lt;/a&gt; between the Padres and Phillies that started at 1:28am and ended at 4:40am local time - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/news/the-20th-anniversary-of-the-philadelphia-phillies-and-san-diego-padres-game-that-ended-later-than-any-other-game-in-major-league-history/c-52443502&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the latest finish in MLB history&lt;/a&gt;. The game started so late at night because it was the second game of a doubleheader, and the first game ended very late due to 3 rain delays that added 5 hours 54 minutes of delay to the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On September 7, 2022, Carlos Alcaraz and Jannik Sinner played a US Open singles quarterfinal match that lasted 5 hours 15 minutes and ended at 2:50am local time - &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.nbcsports.com/2022/09/08/alcaraz-tops-sinner-in-latest-us-open-finish-ever/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the latest finish in US Open history&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been a non-baseball professional or Olympic sporting event that ended later than 2:50am local time? I am only interested in events that are held in a single stadium/arena where spectators can see the entire court/field from their seat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2022-09-15T14:01:43.723" LastActivityDate="2024-01-18T18:39:31.667" Title="What is the latest time a non-baseball sporting event has ever ended?" Tags="|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28289" CreationDate="2022-09-15T03:01:22.667" Score="0" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens in the following case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A batter hits the ball and it touches the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They run and touch first base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Thinking the ball is far enough, they begin advancing to second base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However they realise they cannot reach second base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can they retreat to first base and occupy it? Or can the defending team tag the unoccupied first base for an out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same question in another way: what if the batter ran very quickly and slides to reach the first base then after safely touching it kept sliding away from it (without intention to advance but he was just sliding too fast). Is it still his base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24341" LastEditorUserId="24341" LastEditDate="2022-09-16T12:36:23.290" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T12:36:23.290" Title="What happens if a runner tries to score a double then goes back to his first scored base?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28288" CreationDate="2022-09-15T04:45:44.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once the batter reaches first base, the &amp;quot;force&amp;quot; is removed.  The batter can advance at their peril, but must now be tagged while not touching a base to be put out.  Tagging a base alone is not sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same question in another way: what if the batter ran very quickly and slides to reach the first base then after safely touching it kept sliding away from it (without intention to advance but he was just sliding too fast). Is it still his base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the same question.  The difference here is that there is no attempt to move toward second base.  First base is special in that it can be overrun without penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rule&lt;/a&gt; 5.09(b) lists ways that runners will be called out.&#xA;5.09(b)(4) states a runner is out if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4)  He is tagged, when the ball is alive, while off his base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: A batter-runner cannot be tagged out after overrunning or&#xA;oversliding first base if he returns immediately to the base;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your first scenario (3) removes the &amp;quot;returns immediately to the base&amp;quot; part and places the runner in jeopardy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-09-15T04:45:44.870" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28287" CreationDate="2022-09-15T15:21:53.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The preliminaries for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_257&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UFC 257&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;began&lt;/em&gt; at 04:00, with the main card starting 07:00 local time. I don't have a finishing time, but maybe around somewhere 08:00.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may ask why would anyone plan anything at such a strange time? The answer is of course the COVID pandemic - UFC events during the pandemic took place on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_Island&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fight Island&lt;/a&gt; in Abu Dhabi with a limited in-person attendance, and the 04:00 to 08:00 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/gst&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gulf Standard Time&lt;/a&gt; timeslot put it in prime time US viewing hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-15T15:21:53.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28293" CreationDate="2022-09-16T08:45:47.993" Score="1" ViewCount="701" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team attempts a field goal from close range (ball placed inside 20), the setup seems to be the same as from far range, i.e. with the holder being located 7 yards behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering why the ball is not snapped e.g. 9 yards to reduce the chance of the kick being blocked. From close range, the extra 2 yards should not make a difference for the kicker or the center, but it would make a big difference for the defence trying to block the kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T09:49:57.517" Title="Why don't teams snap the ball back further than 7 yards on close-range field goal attempts?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28292" CreationDate="2022-09-16T09:49:57.517" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all about routine, particularly for the long snapper and holder - far more kicks fail because something goes wrong in the transfers from long snapper to holder, or from the holder to kicker's foot than actually being true blocks at the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everything the long snapper and holder practice is based on a 7 yard snap - the long snapper knows exactly how to snap the ball to put it exactly in the holder's hands at the 7 yard mark, and the kicker knows exactly how long the holder will take to get the ball down from the snap so they can time their approach. It would add risk - to &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; field goals and PATs - to ask those three players to be able to do that incredibly precise coordination at difference distances than it is for them just to take the very small chance of the field goal being blocked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T09:49:57.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28295" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28296" CreationDate="2022-09-16T10:54:54.317" Score="1" ViewCount="1601" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a receiver makes a jumping sideline catch, I take it, it's legal for a defender to push him out of bounds, once the catch is made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the defender catches the receiver before he got both feet on the ground and carries him a few yards to drop him out of bounds. Where would the boundary be for this to be illegal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T12:32:58.190" Title="Can a defender legally carry a receiver out of bounds?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28295" CreationDate="2022-09-16T12:32:58.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is legal to catch/carry a receiver out-of-bounds, in the sense that no flag is thrown for a foul, however the pass would be considered completed (or intercepted in the case for the defence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is covered in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2022-nfl-rulebook/#article-3-completed-or-intercepted-pass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook under Rule 8 - Section 1 - Article 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. COMPLETED OR INTERCEPTED PASS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a player, who is in possession of the ball, is held up and carried out of bounds by an opponent before both feet or any part of his body other than his hands touches the ground inbounds, it is a completed or intercepted pass. It is not necessary for the player to maintain control of the ball when he lands out of bounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T12:32:58.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28297" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-16T14:28:13.933" Score="1" ViewCount="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;If W/K gloves lies on the ground behind the popping crease and batter put his bat on it, whether it is properly grounded or not?&#xA;Please find the attached image for your reference.&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aMCMq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aMCMq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Bat grounded or not?&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24348" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T14:28:13.933" Title="Bat properly grounded or not behind the popping creass" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-16T16:32:21.947" Score="0" ViewCount="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player was optioned to the minors 3 times and brought back 3 times. How many options did he burn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24349" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-09-16T19:10:34.393" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T19:10:34.393" Title="If a player is optioned out 3 times and brought back 3 times how many options did he use up?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-16T18:41:27.643" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2022, Geno Smith was the starting QB for the Seattle Seahawks Week 1. This is his first Week 1 start since &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wdtv.com/2022/09/14/geno-smith-makes-first-nfl-week-one-start-since-2014-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the longest such gap in NFL history?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched for players who had long careers but gaps of playing time in their careers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FlutDo00/gamelog/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Doug Flutie&lt;/a&gt;, career start in 1986, didn't start a Week 1 game until 1999.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/G/GannRi00.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rich Gannon&lt;/a&gt; had a 7-year gap between Week 1 starts (1992, 1999).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24350" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-09-16T19:10:15.883" LastActivityDate="2022-09-18T04:46:26.853" Title="Longest gap between Week 1 starts" Tags="|trivia|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25966" CreationDate="2022-09-16T21:22:40.293" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This post has out state by lineup spot but not base-out state:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fantasy.fangraphs.com/runs-and-batting-order/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://fantasy.fangraphs.com/runs-and-batting-order/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one has PA with men on by lineup spot:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.twinkietown.com/2020/5/29/21271449/twinkietown-analytics-fundamentals-come-learn-baseball-with-john-sabermetrics-rbis-misleading-stat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.twinkietown.com/2020/5/29/21271449/twinkietown-analytics-fundamentals-come-learn-baseball-with-john-sabermetrics-rbis-misleading-stat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That should get you closer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24351" LastEditorUserId="24351" LastEditDate="2022-09-16T21:25:08.457" LastActivityDate="2022-09-16T21:25:08.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28305" CreationDate="2022-09-17T03:15:07.677" Score="3" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Baseball players wear pants with a belt.&#xA;But I really don't think it is the most appropriate or comfortable attire for playing baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-09-30T03:29:58.177" Title="Why do baseball players wear belts?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28304" CreationDate="2022-09-18T00:05:37.133" Score="4" ViewCount="1363" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a baseball catcher throw to the third baseman after each strikeout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it just a custom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-06-07T18:14:16.427" Title="Why does a catcher throw to the third baseman after strikeout?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28302" CreationDate="2022-09-18T04:15:21.490" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The catcher throws to third to give the fielders something to do after a strikeout (in which they had nothing to do).  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballboom.com/why-catchers-throw-to-third-after-strikeout/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a strikeout, it is common for catchers to throw the ball to third base. In any given baseball game there’s a lot of standing around in the dugout. Throwing the ball around shakes things up for the fielders and helps keep them on their toes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throwing the ball to third also keeps the infielders’ arms loose for throwing. The routine can even provide relief for the pitcher and give them a quick but much needed break. The catcher uses this routine throwing tactic to keep everyone on the same page in regards to the current number of outs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing around can be very fatiguing, especially in the summer, but the catcher can regain players’ focus and keep players mentally sharp. It’s important every player is prepared for what is going to happen next, and it can be easy to lose train of thought when the game seems to be at a standstill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The catcher almost only throws the ball to third base when there aren’t any runners on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chicago Cubs third baseman Kris Bryant says he thinks catchers throw the ball to third after a strikeout to allow the pitcher time to walk around the mount and refocus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word for this is throwing &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsrec.com/435687-why-does-the-catcher-throw-the-ball-after-a-strikeout.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;around the horn&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around the Horn&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a strikeout occurs and no one is on base, it's common to see the catcher throw the ball to either first base or third base. This starts the team throwing the ball around the infield, which is known as &amp;quot;around the horn.&amp;quot; The ball will often go to the third baseman, second baseman, shortstop, then back to the third baseman. Sometimes, the ball goes from first base to shortstop, second base and third base. Almost always when you see a team go around the horn, the third baseman gets the ball last before giving the ball back to the pitcher. This is usually done to help keep the infielders warm and ready in case the next batter hits the ball to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-09-18T04:15:21.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28301" CreationDate="2022-09-18T04:40:21.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe they're required per MLB, but they're not explicitly mentioned in the rules, so I can't prove it.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; do mention in 3.03 various things, including that &amp;quot;No player whose uniform does not conform to that of his team-mates shall be permitted to participate in a game.&amp;quot;  However, they don't call out the belt specifically.  I've seen a fair amount of speculation that players are required to wear them to avoid the shirt falling out of the pants, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballtrainingworld.com/a-quick-guide-to-the-mlb-dress-code/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but it seems like speculation at best from a content aggregator, so not particularly reliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Uni-watch does relate a &lt;a href=&quot;https://uni-watch.com/2008/07/30/now-boy-dont-make-me-take-off-my-belt/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;humorous story involving belts&lt;/a&gt; that makes it pretty clear a belt is required or at least needed, though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a slight delay as Washburn disappeared into the clubhouse to put on spikes and a jersey. He eventually re-emerged into the dugout while still tucking in his shirttails fore and aft. Just one problem: He’d forgotten to put on a belt. So Riggleman, displaying the kind of keen managerial acumen that only a man with a season-opening 14-game losing streak on his résumé can possess, took off his own belt and handed it to Washburn, who then held the belt while doing a bit more tucking, zipping up his pants, and trotting to first base, where he finally put on the belt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect the answer is mostly that baseball players wear baggy clothes (as opposed to every other major sport where more athletic, tight fitting clothes are worn) and thus belts are useful; and to a lesser extent that baseball uniforms more so than other sports are still somewhat similar to the early days of baseball, where not wearing a belt would have been odd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-09-30T03:29:58.177" LastActivityDate="2022-09-30T03:29:58.177" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28299" CreationDate="2022-09-18T04:46:26.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was not the longest period; Zeke Bratkowski for the Packers in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BratZe00/gamelog/1971/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1971&lt;/a&gt; started after previously starting a week one game in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/B/BratZe00/gamelog/1962/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/a&gt;.  Per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/nfl/geno-smith-ready-for-spotlight-as-seahawks-host-broncos/2022/09/11/eb2611c6-31ff-11ed-a0d6-415299bfebd5_story.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;AP&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Smith starts on Monday night, he’ll be the first QB in 50 years with at least an eight-year gap between opening day starts, according to the Elias Sports Bureau. The previous was Zeke Bratkowski who went nine years between opening day starts from 1962 to 1971. Bratkowski was 39 when he made that start in 1971 for Green Bay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Arguably, it's the first time since the merger, given Bratkowski's first start was before the merger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-09-18T04:46:26.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-18T05:06:38.353" Score="0" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2021, 18 of the 22 races were won by Lewis or Max, with the remaining 4 races won by other drivers. Was there a season where there were less than 4 races won by drivers outside the top two in the championship?. For instance, if a season had 17 races and two drivers won 8 times each, that's a total of 16 wins, and only 1 race would have been won by a driver outside the top two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-10-18T10:35:02.537" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T15:01:55.767" Title="Which F1 season had the fewest number of wins by someone outside the top two drivers?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28307" CreationDate="2022-09-18T09:03:36.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have been 5 seasons in which two drivers won every race except one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1950&lt;/strong&gt;. There were 7 races, with Juan Manuel Fangio and Nino Farina winning 3 each; the remaining race was the Indy 500, won by Johnnie Parsons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1952&lt;/strong&gt;. There were 8 races, with Alberto Ascari winning 6; Piero Taruffi and Troy Ruttman won the other two.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1963&lt;/strong&gt;. There were 10 races, with Jim Clark winning 7 and Graham Hill winning 2; the remaining race was won by John Surtees.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1988&lt;/strong&gt;. There were 16 races, with Ayrton Senna winning 8 and Alain Prost winning 7; the remaining race was won by Gerhard Berger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2023&lt;/strong&gt;. There were 22 races, with Max Verstappen winning 19 and Sergio Peréz winning 2; the remaining race was won by Carlos Sainz Jr.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have been plenty of other occasions in which drivers outside the top two have picked up three or fewer wins between them, but the above examples are the most notable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-11-28T15:01:55.767" LastActivityDate="2023-11-28T15:01:55.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12133" CreationDate="2022-09-20T16:10:11.007" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other answers are reaching. It’s simple and comes from the phrase “passing on a dime.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It calls to a pass so accurate, the passer could bounce the ball off a tiny dime on the ground into his teammate’s hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24359" LastActivityDate="2022-09-20T16:10:11.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28316" CreationDate="2022-09-20T22:42:12.843" Score="0" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like to drive to the basket from the wing into the paint. I usually don't have trouble getting past the person guarding me. However, I am troubled by the help defense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, a wing defender at top of the key will swipe at the ball, and this will disrupt my rhythm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, a big will rotate up, so I become forced to take a tough shot trapped in this triangle of players, who are all trying to whack at the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I end up getting frustrated at my teammates who aren't giving me spacing to drive, and don't cut to the basket when the big rotates up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is pick-up basketball, so what can I aim to do to resolve this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24361" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-09-21T11:03:51.663" LastActivityDate="2022-09-22T13:38:26.770" Title="Dealing with help defense" Tags="|basketball|tactics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28313" CreationDate="2022-09-22T13:38:26.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, the situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're doing a thing (driving to the basket)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The defense is making the &amp;quot;level 1&amp;quot; response (sending help)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your teammates aren't making the &amp;quot;level 2&amp;quot; response (backdoor cuts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question you need to answer here is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; aren't your teammates making that level 2 response?&amp;quot; Some possible answers to that include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They're not aware it would be a good thing to do. Here you can help them out: &amp;quot;hey buddy, when their big guy comes over to block my drive, could you give me a little cut and I'll feed you for an easy bucket?&amp;quot;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remember this is going to be a quid pro quo. Find out what your teammates' favourite plays are and help them make those plays.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your teammates think your tactical assessment is wrong, and there's a better thing to do than cutting. Again, you'll need to talk to them, listen to their responses and maybe adapt your playing style.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They're selfish teammates and don't want to work with other people. Only real solution here is to find different people to play with.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-22T13:38:26.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28317" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-22T14:11:25.220" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/09/20/pickleball-growth-tennis/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about pickleball says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among pros and amateurs alike, the doubles game is more popular and highly regarded than singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess if an amateur is just playing casually as a social activity, then that might explain why they would prefer to play doubles over singles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why would pro pickleball players prefer doubles over singles? In all other sports I can think of where there are singles and doubles matches (e.g. tennis, table tennis, badminton), most players would probably prefer to win a singles championship over a doubles championship, because winning the singles title would mean they are the best player, whereas winning the doubles title would not necessarily mean they are the best player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2022-12-17T19:22:42.403" LastActivityDate="2022-12-17T19:22:42.403" Title="In pickleball, why is the doubles game more highly regarded than the singles game?" Tags="|pickleball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28320" CreationDate="2022-09-22T18:23:08.853" Score="0" ViewCount="1213" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was very surprised to see today on nfl.com/standings/ that Dolphins are ranked before the Bills in AFC East, despite:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both teams being 2-0-0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bills having +55 Net Pts vs. Dolphins +17&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They have not faced each other yet, so direct points are evened out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the Points scored/Points allowed really worth nothing in the ratings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastActivityDate="2022-09-23T09:49:36.867" Title="How are NFL standings calculated mid-season" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28318" CreationDate="2022-09-23T09:49:36.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/standings/tie-breaking-procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL's tiebreakers for two clubs in the same division&lt;/a&gt; are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of victory in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Strength of schedule in all games&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net points in common games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net points in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best net touchdowns in all games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Coin toss&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you note, (1) does not currently apply because the Bills and Dolphins have not yet played this year. The same would apply to (3) and (9) as the Bills and Dolphins have no common games yet this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For (2), the Dolphins have played one game in the division (beating the Patriots) while the Bills have not played any games in the division. The NFL rulebook does not define how to order &amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;undefined&amp;quot; but that's because &lt;em&gt;it doesn't need to&lt;/em&gt;: the only time the tiebreakers actually matter are after the last game of the regular season, by which point both teams will have played 6 games in their division. However, a reasonable case can be made that 1-0 is &amp;quot;better&amp;quot; than 0-0, so it is possible the standings are using that as a tiebreaker even though it isn't formally defined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same analysis as above applies to (4), where the Bills are 2-0 in the conference and the Dolphins 1-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After that, it's possible that one or more of criteria (5) to (8) apply; I haven't done the analysis because it would be fairly tedious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If after all that the tie was still not broken at the end of the season, net points (10) &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-09-23T09:49:36.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28323" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28324" CreationDate="2022-09-24T23:39:41.600" Score="0" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a baseball game and saw the outfielder partially climb the wall in the outfield to try and rob a homerun. This made me wonder: can an outfielder climb over the outfield fence and stand in the bleachers? Or does he need to be in fair territory when a pitch is thrown?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24370" LastActivityDate="2022-09-25T07:12:21.690" Title="Can an outfielder leave the ballpark?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28323" CreationDate="2022-09-25T07:06:18.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, yes the fielder must start the play in fair territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.02 Fielding Positions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is put in play at the start of, or during a game, all fielders other than the catcher shall be on fair&#xA;territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mentioned partially climbing a wall.  Climbing &lt;em&gt;upon&lt;/em&gt; a wall (but not beyond) is specifically allowed.  From a comment to 5.09(a)(1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fielder may reach over a fence, railing, rope or other line of&#xA;demarcation to make a catch. He may jump on top of a railing, or&#xA;canvas that may be in foul ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that doesn't give permission to leave the field entirely and go into the stands.  The MLB Umpire Manual is a bit more explicit here (my bolding):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The fielder is confined to the limits of the playing field&lt;/strong&gt;, but may&#xA;reach over any fence, railing, or any line of demarcation to make a&#xA;catch. The fielder may also jump on top of a railing marking the&#xA;boundary of the field or on any tarp that may be on foul ground in&#xA;order to make a play. (See also Section 8.1 [Legal Catch].)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8.1 LEGAL CATCH&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A fielder may not jump over any fence, railing, or rope marking the limits of the playing field in order to catch the ball.&lt;/strong&gt; A fielder may (1) reach over such fence, railing, or rope to make a catch;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a fielder can climb the fence.  And in the process of making a catch can fall over the fence.  But the fielder is not allowed beyond the fence before making the catch.  Standing in the bleachers to make a play on a batted ball is not allowed.  A fielder doing so would not be awarded a legal catch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-09-25T07:12:21.690" LastActivityDate="2022-09-25T07:12:21.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-26T14:05:29.653" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect the answer to this is easier than I think, but a common trick (at least in videos online) involves falling (not jumping), landing on one's back, and then rebounding to the same position as where you started. Entropy being what it is, you generally only get a fraction of energy back on a bounce, and landing on one's back seems like it would dissipate even more energy, with little opportunity to &amp;quot;jump&amp;quot; to regain the lost energy. What's the trick to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10424" LastActivityDate="2022-09-26T14:05:29.653" Title="How do trampolinists rebound to the same height off their back?" Tags="|trampolining|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28328" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-09-27T04:15:29.193" Score="0" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2021, the F1 title was decided on the final race of the season, at Abu Dhabi. In 2022, it's possible for Max Verstappen to win the title at the Singapore GP and still have 5 races left. Would this be the most races left where the title is already decided? Has the title ever been decided earlier than this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-09-27T17:25:10.640" LastActivityDate="2022-09-27T17:25:10.640" Title="What is the season when the title was decided with the most races remaining?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28328" CreationDate="2022-09-27T07:58:20.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The record for this was set in 2002, when Michael Schumacher won the championship after 11 races of a 17-race season. There were therefore &lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; races that took place after Schumacher had already won the title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-09-27T07:58:20.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28333" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-03T01:10:35.040" Score="6" ViewCount="1256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, there were news regarding the Red Bull team where they may have exceeded the budget cap for the 2021 season. I believe that this case is still under investigation. What would happen to the Red Bull team if they were found guilty of exceeding the budget cap? Would the championship be transferred to Hamilton or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-03T11:37:32.060" LastActivityDate="2022-10-04T10:09:41.280" Title="What will happen to an F1 team if they exceed the budget cap for a season?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28333" CreationDate="2022-10-03T08:54:09.670" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the severity of the breach, and assuming that it is Red Bull who are the guilty party (I don't think it's official that they are the team under investigation but the rumour mill is well and truly saying it is), then, yes, there is a possibility that the Driver's Championship could be handed to Lewis Hamilton, by the means of a Points deduction for Max Verstappen, or even out-right disqualification from the Championship, though these are only some of the possible reprimands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will depend on just how much any alleged teams have overspent. The punishments are split between a &amp;quot;Minor&amp;quot; and a &amp;quot;Material&amp;quot; overspend breach, which appears to be defined as whether the overspend is above/below 5% over the cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_financial_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2020-04-30.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 FIA Financial Regulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.10&lt;/strong&gt; A &amp;quot;Minor Overspend Breach&amp;quot; arises when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) an F1 Team submits its Full Year Reporting Documentation and Relevant Costs reported therein exceed the Cost Cap by less than 5%; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) following the review of an F1 Team’s Full Year Reporting Documentation (including, where applicable, the conclusion of any investigation undertaken by the Cost Cap Administration and/or the Independent Audit Firm appointed by the Cost Cap Administration), the F1 Team’s Relevant Costs have been determined to exceed the Cost Cap by less than 5%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.11&lt;/strong&gt; In the event the Cost Cap Adjudication Panel determines that an F1 Team has committed a Minor Overspend Breach, the Cost Cap Adjudication Panel may impose a Financial Penalty and/or any Minor Sporting Penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.12&lt;/strong&gt; A &amp;quot;Material Overspend Breach&amp;quot; arises when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) an F1 Team submits its Full Year Reporting Documentation and Relevant Costs reported therein exceed the Cost Cap by 5% or more; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) following the review of an F1 Team’s Full Year Reporting Documentation (including, where applicable, the conclusion of any investigation undertaken by the Cost Cap Administration and/or the Independent Audit Firm appointed by the Cost Cap Administration), the F1 Team’s Relevant Costs have been determined to exceed the Cost Cap by 5% or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.13&lt;/strong&gt; In the event the Cost Cap Adjudication Panel determines that an F1 Team has committed a Material Overspend Breach, the Cost Cap Adjudication Panel shall impose a Constructors' Championship points deduction in accordance with Article 9.1(c)(i) and additionally may impose a Financial Penalty and/or any other Material Sporting Penalties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then later in the regulations, the punishments for a Minor and Material breach are laid out in Article 9:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9.1&lt;/strong&gt; The following sanctions may be imposed for breach of these Financial Regulations as set out in Article 8:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) A &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Financial Penalty&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning a fine in an amount to be determined on a case by case basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) A &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Minor Sporting Penalty&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning one or more of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) public reprimand;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) deduction of Constructors' Championship points awarded for the&#xA;Championship that took place within the Reporting Period of the breach;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) deduction of Drivers' Championship points awarded for the Championship that took place within the Reporting Period of the breach;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iv) suspension from one or more stages of a Competition or Competitions,&#xA;excluding for the avoidance of doubt the race itself;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(v) limitations on ability to conduct aerodynamic or other Testing; and/or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(vi) reduction of the Cost Cap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) A &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Material Sporting Penalty&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning one or more of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) deduction of Constructors' Championship points awarded for the&#xA;Championship that took place within the Reporting Period of the breach;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) deduction of Drivers' Championship points awarded for the Championship&#xA;that took place within the Reporting Period of the breach;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iii) suspension from one or more stages of a Competition or Competitions,&#xA;excluding for the avoidance of doubt the race itself;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(iv) limitations on the ability to conduct aerodynamic or other Testing;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(v) suspension from an entire Competition or Competitions, including for the avoidance of doubt the race itself;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(vi) exclusion from the Championship; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(vii) reduction of the Cost Cap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These are the regulations for the year in which Red Bull were alleged to have broken the rules&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-10-04T10:09:41.280" LastActivityDate="2022-10-04T10:09:41.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28386" CreationDate="2022-10-03T11:24:29.227" Score="-1" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have there been any sports where the best player is so dominant and wins so many tournaments that sponsors and spectators stopped being interested in the sport?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of any examples. There are sports where the best player is clear, but they don't dominate to such an extent that people stopped being interested in the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/28200/has-there-ever-been-a-sport-where-the-worlds-best-player-won-so-much-they-got-b&quot;&gt;Has there ever been a sport where the world's best player won so much they got bored?&lt;/a&gt; is related, however, this question asks about the viewers getting bored, not the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-21T22:56:01.550" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T10:08:53.490" Title="Has there ever been a sport where the world's best player won so much that sponsors and spectators started to lose interest?" Tags="|trivia|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28337" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-04T01:52:48.560" Score="1" ViewCount="1961" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014, there were 19 races and 16 of them were won by Mercedes. Has there ever been a season where one team won all the races?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-04T07:18:34.940" LastActivityDate="2023-12-07T11:00:37.587" Title="Has there ever been a season where all the races were won by a single team?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28337" CreationDate="2022-10-04T07:33:19.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. This has never happened. There have, however, been four occasions in which a team won every race except one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1950, Alfa Romeo won 6 of the 7 races, but did not enter the Indy 500 (which was part of the championship in those days).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1952, Ferrari won 7 of the 8 races. They &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; enter the Indy 500, but Alberto Ascari retired after one of his car's wheel hubs collapsed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 1988, McLaren won 15 of the 16 races, and came within two laps of winning the other (the Italian Grand Prix) only for Jean-Louis Schlesser to collide with Ayrton Senna and take him out of the race.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 2023, Red Bull won 21 of the 22 races, but failed to win the Singapore Grand Prix as their car wasn't suited to the track.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ferrari in 1953 and 2002, and Mercedes in 1955 and 2016, were the next-closest, winning all but two of the races in those seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-12-07T11:00:37.587" LastActivityDate="2023-12-07T11:00:37.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28340" CreationDate="2022-10-04T14:17:48.900" Score="1" ViewCount="302" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to table tennis and my objective is to be able to play in official competitions. I read the ITTF rules and the ranking system but it didn't make any sense to me, maybe because English is not my mother tongue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also read other posts but the explanation is done for the pre-2018 system. Could someone explain how the current ranking system works with examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say I played with 4 different players who are ranked by ITTF and I won all the games. Is my ranking now going to be 4?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24398" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-10-05T05:54:45.650" LastActivityDate="2022-10-05T05:54:45.650" Title="How does the new table tennis ranking system work? Any examples?" Tags="|table-tennis|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28339" CreationDate="2022-10-04T16:53:45.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;See the ITTF ranking document &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ittf.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ITTF-Table-Tennis-World-Ranking-Regulation-20220429-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  The short answer is that you get a number of points for a win in an ITTF sanctioned event (an official tournament), and depending on the kind of event it awards more or less points. Page 8 shows the points; winning the Olympics gives you 2000 points, placing top 64 gives you 45 points.  Winning an International Event gives you 75 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You take your top 8 finishes by points, and then everyone does the same, and sort by points - whomever has the most points in their top 8 events is #1, whomever is second most is #2, etc.  These ranking points last for a year, so if you win an Olympic event in 2024, you will have 2000 points (plus your next 7 finishes!) for the next year, but in summer of 2025 it will expire and those points will go away (and be replaced by your next highest finish).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player might have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Olympic win 7/28/2024 = 2000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continental Cup win 8/19/2024 = 500&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WTT Contender finalist 9/15/2024 = 280&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International Event win 8/12/2024 = 75&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International Event win 9/24/2024 = 75&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International Event finalist 7/15/2024 = 55&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International Event finalist 9/8/2024 = 55&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continental Championship R16 11/4/2024 = 45&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continental Championship R16 2/4/2025 = 45&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WTT Champions R32 5/16/2025 = 15&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On 6/1/2025, their ranking score would be 2000+500+280+75+75+55+55+45 = 3085 points (leaving off the last two since they only keep the top 8 scores).  On 8/1/2025, two events would fall of - the Olympics and the International Event finalist from 7/15 - so they'd have 500+280+75+75+55+45+45+15, or 1090 points, if they didn't have any additional results that scored in that time period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-10-04T17:01:14.270" LastActivityDate="2022-10-04T17:01:14.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28342" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-06T00:50:40.573" Score="3" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;F1 uses a qualifying system in order to determine the starting positions of the drivers before the race. Also, at certain tracks, a sprint race is used to determine the order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that if Q3 cannot be held, then Q2 will be used to set the grid. My question is, what if all the sessions from FP1 until Q3 cannot be held due to weather conditions or other problems? How would the FIA determine the drivers' starting positions, and has this ever happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-11T12:08:13.083" LastActivityDate="2022-12-17T15:00:55.103" Title="How would the grid be determined if free practice and qualifying weren't held?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28343" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-06T05:02:16.277" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, when an engineer wants to talk to the driver, we will hear the &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/hGWtVxwDZxw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;F1 radio notification sound&lt;/a&gt;. Can a team change the sound to a new one, or is it compulsory to use the sound in order to talk to each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-13T13:18:14.783" LastActivityDate="2022-10-13T13:18:14.783" Title="Can a team change the F1 radio notification sound to another sound?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28343" CreationDate="2022-10-06T06:55:20.253" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think the notification sound is part of the actual radio message. As far as I'm aware, it's part of the TV coverage, played to draw the viewers' attention to the incoming message (and also to alert the commentators so they don't talk over it). So it's not something the teams have control over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-10-06T06:55:20.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28345" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28346" CreationDate="2022-10-06T13:37:48.937" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/mlb-wraps-up-regular-season-with-shohei-ohtani-and-aaron-judges-shots-at-history/live/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; which noted that there have been 3 or 4 100-win and 100-loss teams in Major League Baseball every season since 2018, but not very often before then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Years with three or more 100-win teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2022: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2021: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2019: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2018: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2017: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2003: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2002: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1998: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1977: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1942: 3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Years with three or more 100-loss teams:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2022: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2021: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2019: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2018: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;2002: 4&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1985: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1965: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1964: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1962: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1961: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1954: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1912: 3&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1908: 3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this happening more often in recent years?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24403" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-06T15:38:34.557" LastActivityDate="2022-10-06T18:45:26.543" Title="Why have there been more 100-win and 100-loss teams in MLB?" Tags="|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28345" CreationDate="2022-10-06T18:45:26.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Different eras in MLB have had different reasons for this, but mostly it comes down to the incentive structures for teams competing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1960s, there was considerable expansion, and even beyond expansion you had teams like the Athletics which were essentially an expansion team in 1961 (in the pre-Chuck Finley era they were basically a AAA team for the Yankees, despite actually an MLB team), hence the 1961-1965 100 loss teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the era between then and 2010 or so, teams made a good part of their money on ticket sales.  A team that loses 100 games isn't selling many tickets.  Look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economic-history-of-major-league-baseball/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this history of baseball revenue&lt;/a&gt;; it's somewhat old, but it includes this point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By 2002, media revenue exceeded gate revenue for the average MLB team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to 2002, thus, gate revenue was more than the media revenue.  Thus, a team needed to at least make some attempt to win to bring in fans (unless they were the Cubs, anyway).  Winning 70-80 games was useful, even if it didn't have a shot at the playoffs; fans wanted a decent chance to watch a winning game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2018+ era, the incentives for teams to win 80 games are basically gone - television revenues are off the charts.  Just looking at &lt;em&gt;local&lt;/em&gt; television revenue, the total league sum was over &lt;a href=&quot;https://blogs.fangraphs.com/lets-update-the-estimated-local-tv-revenue-for-mlb-teams/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2 billion dollars&lt;/a&gt; in 2019.  Compare that to gate revenue - a small market team that gets even 20k fans per game for 80 games (1.6 million total attendance) is making maybe a hundred million?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one we can easily see is the Atlanta Braves - as they're owned by a publicly traded company - and they made &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statista.com/statistics/294158/atlanta-braves-gate-receipts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;$135M in gate revenue last year&lt;/a&gt;, which of course was a bit of a banner year for them; in down years they. made more like $50M.  So fielding a World Series winner was worth $85M to them - not bad, for sure.  But look at the earlier bumps in that graph; fielding a decent team is only worth around $10M, which is much less than their TV revenue (over $80M under their old contract, and going up $120M by 2027, see the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ajc.com/sports/atlanta-braves/braves-local-tv-revenue-will-rise-sharply-in-2023-and-beyond/PABXB62WMZEUHJPTTAFPXUAAAI/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;details on the Braves TV contract&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, there's a huge incentive to do &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; well - they increased their revenue by the same amount as their TV contract alone by winning the World Series!  But there's very little incentive to field a decent but not amazing team.  Instead, the incentive is perverse - pay nothing to the players so you make as much as possible (since there is no real salary floor), and win very few games, and then get better draft picks for a few years.  This is the Houston Astros and Chicago Cubs models that netted both teams a World Series win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those wins, in 2016 and 2017, undoubtedly had some direct relation to the timing you see above - some teams saw the total teardown/rebuild model as more effective and thus were fine with 100+ losses, and the 100+ loss teams contributed to more 100+ win teams as well as some teams going more &amp;quot;all in&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-06T18:45:26.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-07T14:48:06.543" Score="3" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 2022-10-06, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-broncos-2022-reg-5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Colts defeated the Broncos 12-9&lt;/a&gt; with all the scoring being via 7 field goals. Is this the greatest number of field goals in an NFL game without there being any other form of scoring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24409" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-10-08T16:16:46.130" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T20:23:20.333" Title="What is the greatest number of field goals in an NFL game without any other scoring?" Tags="|trivia|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27611" CreationDate="2022-10-07T16:42:34.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Testicular injuries are unlikely when skateboarding aside from rails. A cup will restrict your movement and possibly make things worse since it could slip and catch something. The things you want to worry about are your head and to a lesser extent your joints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24410" LastActivityDate="2022-10-07T16:42:34.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28353" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28354" CreationDate="2022-10-10T06:35:08.237" Score="3" ViewCount="880" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American football, a long snapper, a holder, and a kicker are required in a field goal or one-point conversion situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who are the other eight players on the field in these situations? If most of the offensive team stay on the field, who are the three players that are removed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-10-10T14:13:24.877" LastActivityDate="2023-09-25T23:06:12.330" Title="Who are on the field in a field goal or PAT situation in American football?" Tags="|american-football|special-teams|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28353" CreationDate="2022-10-10T07:16:26.577" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;8 big guys, who have one job: don't let the defense block the kick. There would be no &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; overlap with the offensive starters (e.g. the starting left tackle wouldn't necessarily stay in to play left tackle), but obviously the skills that offensive linemen have are very closely related to the skills you want here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-10-10T07:16:26.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28357" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-11T16:19:31.413" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;Visitors are down by one run in the top of the ninth with one out and runners on second and third bases. The batter hits a scorching line-drive down the right-field line. The runner on third comes home to score, and the runner on second is rounding 3rd when the right-fielder makes a spectacular diving catch, and then throws it to the shortstop covering second for a game-ending double-play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crowd goes wild, and the shortstop throws the ball into the stands in celebration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The visitors' coach says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wait a minute... our runner scored way before you got the third out at second. It doesn't even matter that he didn't tag up on third because once you've gotten the third out, the inning is over, and it's too late to appeal. Had you wanted that run not to score, you should've thrown it to third instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides that, you've thrown the ball out of play, so even if you were allowed a fourth out, you couldn't retrieve it and appeal because the play is officially over once the ball leaves the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He looks around to find the scoring-runner to have him go back to third and score correctly just to be sure, but that player has already hidden somewhere private to cope with the emotions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The home team's coach replies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't score an illegal run like that. It doesn't matter which bag we throw it to, he still has to tag up. And even if you ever do get them to tag up and score, that run still wouldn't count because he left the baseline a long time ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He yells at his players to stop celebrating and tells them to go get the ball out of the stands so that they can appeal to third.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the right call? Does the run count and the game moves on to the bottom of the ninth? Or does the home team win? Or do you wait to see if the runner tags up and scores before the ball is found and appealed at third? Is a fourth out allowed in situations like this? And if so, how can you be sure that they found the right ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24424" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-11T21:09:45.273" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T15:21:54.487" Title="When Does An Unappealed Illegal Run Become Legal?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28357" CreationDate="2022-10-11T20:52:19.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The crowd goes wild, and the shortstop throws the ball a mile into the stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What had the umpires signaled at that time?  Out and inning over?  Did the home-plate umpire signal a run?  Why is the defense celebrating if the run apparently scored?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;once you've gotten the 3rd out, the inning is over, and it's too late to appeal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not too late to appeal.  As long as the defense has not yet left the field of play, they may appeal and potentially be awarded a &amp;quot;fourth out&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Text under MLB Rule 5.09(c)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appeal plays may require an umpire to recognize an apparent “fourth&#xA;out.” If the third out is made during a play in which an appeal play&#xA;is sustained on another runner, the appeal play decision takes&#xA;precedence in determining the out. If there is more than one appeal&#xA;during a play that ends a half-inning, the defense may elect to take&#xA;the out that gives it the advantage. For the purpose of this rule, the&#xA;defensive team has “left the field” when the pitcher and all&#xA;infielders have left fair territory on their way to the bench or&#xA;Clubhouse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He looks around to find the scoring-runner to have him go back to 3rd and score correctly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That wouldn't be possible anyway per the approved ruling 5.09(c)(2)(B)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When&#xA;the ball is dead, no runner may return to touch a missed base&#xA;or one he has left after he has advanced to and touched a base&#xA;beyond the missed base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(And even the ability to return to tag home base is forfeit by entering the dugout or other dead ball area)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;even if you were allowed a 4th out, you couldn't retrieve it and appeal because the play is officially over once the ball leaves the playing field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see nothing in the rules that require an appeal be made with the ball that was previously used.  The fact the previous play ended does not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Text under 5.09(c)(4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any appeal under this rule must be made before the next pitch, or any&#xA;play or attempted play. If the violation occurs during a play which&#xA;ends a half-inning, the appeal must be made before the defensive team&#xA;leaves the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the play was deemed over (by umpire calling a third out) when the shortstop threw the ball, then I don't see it being a big deal.  One of the players asks the umpire for another ball, &lt;em&gt;tells the umpire they're making an appeal&lt;/em&gt;, then throws the ball to third base.  Now during the appeal, it's important &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; ball doesn't go into the stands.  If it did, the appeal fails and they can't try again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The language used mentioning the &amp;quot;throw made for the appeal&amp;quot;, suggests to me that the previous ball being unavailable is not pertinent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The defense loses the ability to appeal if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The throw made for the appeal goes out of the field of play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A balk occurs before or during the appeal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A pitch is made to the batter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A play is made after the action has stopped. So for example if the pitcher tries to pick off a runner rather than throw to a base for an appeal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would like to know if the umpire rulebook has any entries on this, but if I'm  there and if the runner on third was scored as a run, I allow the appeal even though the original ball is gone.  If the appeal is executed properly and the runner left early, then out at third, no run scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a bit weird because if this were a mid-inning appeal, a new ball and umpire signaling &amp;quot;play ball&amp;quot; would be expected (and the appeal could then be made).  But because the inning is over, that mechanic isn't available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-10-11T20:52:19.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28360" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-12T10:52:57.987" Score="0" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XzShW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XzShW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Men's 50m Freestyle Graph&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I made a graph showing the world record for the Men's 50m freestyle (long course) swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I noticed that there were significant performance jumps in 1980 and 2008. Otherwise, the times remain stable between these jumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would there be any specific reason that explains these jumps of performance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24426" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T13:21:56.133" Title="What would explain the large jumps in performance in the Men's 50m Freestyle Long Course World Records?" Tags="|statistics|records|international-sports|swimming|water-sports|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28360" CreationDate="2022-10-12T11:32:44.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_record_progression_50_metres_freestyle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia's article on the record's progression&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The drop in world record times in 2008/2009 coincided with the introduction of polyurethane suits from Speedo in 2008 and by Arena, Adidas, and Italian swimming suit manufacturer Jaked in 2009. FINA's ban on non-textile suits came into effect in January 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, brand-new suit technology was introduced that allowed swimmers to go faster, and while that technology has now been outlawed, the records remain as they were legal at the time they were set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find any information about what caused the massive jump in 1980, when the record was broken 6 times in as many months, including thrice in one day (April 10th). However, the men's 50m freestyle was still a fairly new discipline at that time - FINA only began keeping records for it in 1976 - so it's plausible that 1980 simply marked the point where swimmers figured out the optimal techniques to let them go faster, or started taking the emerging discipline more seriously and pushing the performance envelope harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following chart (larger view &lt;a href=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/WRP50100200.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) compares the world record progressions for various different swimming disciplines, and several of them show similar drastic improvements within the first few years of FINA's record-keeping. The world record for the mens' 100m breaststroke fell by &lt;em&gt;four seconds in less than four months&lt;/em&gt; after FINA started keeping track!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DvhT2.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DvhT2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-12T13:21:56.133" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T13:21:56.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28357" CreationDate="2022-10-12T15:21:54.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only question here is whether the defense can appeal the play or not; nothing else here matters.  If the defense has not left the field, they can appeal; if they left the field, they cannot appeal, and the run scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The run scoring is not affected by the play at second - at all.  It's allowed to score, unless they appeal, because the out at second is not a force play&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.08 How a Team Scores&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) One run shall be scored each time a runner legally advances to and touches first, second, third and home base before three men are put out to end the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EXCEPTION: A run is not scored if the runner advances to home base during a play in which the third out is made (1) by the batter-runner before he touches first base; (2) by any runner being forced out; or (3) by a preceding runner who is declared out because he failed to touch one of the bases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of these apply (the batter-runner was caught out and not the third out, there is no force out as this was a fly ball out, and no runner is accused of failing to touch a base, nor can there be a preceding runner in the case of a runner on third anyway). As such, the only thing that matters is whether the player at third is appealed or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The appeal play is covered in 5.09(c)&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Appeal Plays&#xA;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) After a fly ball is caught, he fails to retouch his original base before he or his original base is tagged;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Importantly, the &amp;quot;go back and touch third&amp;quot; part is irrelevant here - it's &lt;em&gt;extra&lt;/em&gt; irrelevant since the third out was made at second &lt;em&gt;anyway&lt;/em&gt;, and even if he did retouch and then try to score, the third out was made, so it wouldn't count as it's after the third out.  But, of course, he's not allowed to anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the ball is dead, no runner may return to touch a missed base or one he has left after he has advanced to and touched a base beyond the missed base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The appeal must be made before the defensive team leaves the field:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the violation occurs during a play which ends a half-inning, the appeal must be made before the defensive team leaves the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Umpires generally give some leeway for celebrations (for example, it's not really permissible for the whole dugout to empty and surround a player trying to score the winning run, but it's permitted nonetheless).  Whether they would count the defensive team having left the field during a celebration or not is largely up to their discretion - it's unclear from your description if they did that.  We're specifically looking for one thing here: where are the Pitcher and Catcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purpose of this rule, the defensive team has “left the field” when the pitcher and all infielders have left fair territory on their way to the bench or Clubhouse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; rule the appeal was in order, the runner would not score; if they did not, then the run would count, and we'd go on to the next half inning in a tie game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, this is the rarely-seen &amp;quot;fourth out&amp;quot; scenario, since the runner on third needs to be called out or else he would score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T15:21:54.487" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28353" CreationDate="2022-10-12T19:42:07.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first 2-3 (4-6 players total) on each side of the snapper are usually offensive linemen. The last player, or 2, on each side is usually player types that fit a Tight End mold. Large, strong players with blocking ability that are also more athletic and more likely to be able to catch (for fake kicks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside of the linemen, they're not typical positions. Different teams call them different things based on the teams utilization of them (say between the OL and TE types).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20592" LastActivityDate="2022-10-12T19:42:07.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28368" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-12T20:40:38.627" Score="0" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to table tennis and I really would like to improve my footwork. Can jumping ropes be beneficial for my footwork, or are there better ways to improve footwork?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My initial goal was to use jump ropes as a warm-up exercise but doing some research on the internet showed that it is also a type of sport and has lots of benefits. I want to find out whether jumping rope can bring some benefits to my table tennis play, namely, to my footwork. On the other hand, I don't want to mess up footwork either without knowing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24398" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-19T11:30:49.363" LastActivityDate="2023-08-19T11:30:49.363" Title="Jumping ropes for table tennis?" Tags="|training|table-tennis|jump-rope|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28369" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-14T07:19:12.650" Score="0" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked through all the ITTF events but I couldn't find a way to register for any of these events. I am a new table tennis player and my objective is to play in official matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the ITTF events webpage, it is just dates and locations, but no register button or link. Could someone explain how these events work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional question: Some said that it is free to participate in ITTF events, and some said that it costs $10,000. Which is true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24398" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-14T08:07:50.320" LastActivityDate="2022-10-18T13:28:05.410" Title="How do I participate in ITTF events as a player?" Tags="|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28272" CreationDate="2022-10-14T13:36:23.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Couldn't find a race with more grid penalties, but found another race that matched the number of penalised drivers (9):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Italian_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017 Italian Grand-Prix&lt;/a&gt;: 9 grid penalties were awarded in total:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Max Verstappen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Daniel Ricciardo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stoffel Vandoorne&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sergio Pérez&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nico Hülkenberg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fernando Alonso&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Carlos Sainz Jr.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jolyon Palmer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Romain Grosjean&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think it's safe to say that &lt;strong&gt;9 grid penalties is the maximum number of grid penalties in a single race&lt;/strong&gt;, especially given they have only become relevant since the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.racefans.net/2022/09/15/this-shouldnt-be-part-of-the-dna-of-racing-f1-drivers-tire-of-grid-penalty-confusion/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;start of the turbo hybrid era in 2014&lt;/a&gt; (despite being around since 2004), so the time window within which many grid penalties could have been handed out is quite small.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting record though for the driver with the most penalties is Jenson Button who got a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.carthrottle.com/post/jenson-button-just-received-a-record-70place-f1-grid-penalty-in-mexico/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;70-place grid penalty&lt;/a&gt; at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Mexican_Grand_Prix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2015 Mexican Grand-Prix&lt;/a&gt;, back when changing each engine component gave a set amount of grid place penalties, whereas today it's just a &amp;quot;back of the grid&amp;quot; penalty for a full engine change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastActivityDate="2022-10-14T13:36:23.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25347" CreationDate="2022-10-14T15:48:55.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the reason of taking time off the clock, the &amp;quot;safety punt&amp;quot; approach is beneficial when the score difference is right (6 to 8 points - so a field goal is not going to tie the game after a safety).  A punt from the 8 yard line, even when not blocked, is already expected to be worth something close to a safety - look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202011220sdg.htm#all_pbp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;play by play&lt;/a&gt;, the EPB (expected points before) was -1.5 for that play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The safety obviously gave 2 points, which is slightly more, but it's like insurance - you give up 0.5 points that don't affect the actual outcome, and you avoid having to punt from the end zone and possibly giving up a touchdown that could tie the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-14T15:48:55.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28373" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-14T22:41:30.467" Score="0" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of all MLB players who have made the all-star team at least &lt;em&gt;twice&lt;/em&gt;, who has the lowest career WAR?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to answer this question with baseball-reference or mlb savant? Or do you have to write some SQL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24432" LastActivityDate="2023-08-29T21:48:44.757" Title="Lowest career WAR for a 2-time+ all-star?" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28376" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-17T07:17:48.150" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I regularly watch F1 races and what I find interesting is that almost all of the drivers struggle to reverse an F1 car, after a small crash or off-track excursion. The majority of the drivers, when put in this situation, prefer to spin the car back round again rather than reversing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that really that hard to reverse an F1 car?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-17T10:14:24.347" LastActivityDate="2022-10-17T10:26:12.537" Title="Is it hard to reverse an F1 car?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28376" CreationDate="2022-10-17T10:26:12.537" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a few reasons for this, firstly the rear-visibility of an F1 car is abysmal. I mean just ridiculously bad. The only tools drivers have for seeing behind them are the wing mirrors, the size and positioning of which is (as much as the rules allow) completely driven by aerodynamic concerns and what little viewing they can provide is going to be optimised towards giving the driver information useful in a racing context not for doing a three point turn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly the regular turning circle (i.e. when you aren't &amp;quot;spinning&amp;quot; the car around) of an F1 car is huge because the cars and their steering aren't designed for making very tight turns (because doing so would harm performance in the sorts of turns you see on race tracks), you only have to look at how they struggle around Lowes hairpin at Monaco to see that for yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally you've got the extra time it takes to change into (and out of) reverse gear - remember that F1 gearboxes are sequential dual-clutch transmissions designed for going up and down the gears between 1-8 as fast as possible so to get into reverse the driver has to get the 'box into neutral, engage reverse and then do the opposite to get back into a forward gear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this means reversing out of an escape road or similar is not only more difficult and more hazardous then the spin approach but crucially it takes far longer which is why you'll only see them reversing when they really have to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2022-10-17T10:26:12.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28369" CreationDate="2022-10-18T13:28:05.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question as asked: you (personally) can't enter those highest level tournaments; entry is by invitation only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; you get invited? My showing that you are good enough in the second tier of tournaments, something like national championships. However, they are probably invitation only as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how do you get invited to national championships? Probably by competing in the highest level leagues in your country and consistently winning matches. How do you get to play in those leagues? By persuading a club that you are good enough. How do you persuade a club you are good enough? By winning matches in lower level leagues. And so on, and so on until you're at beginner level leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all begins with joining a club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-10-18T13:28:05.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27742" CreationDate="2022-10-18T23:36:05.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difficulty in answering this question is how you define &amp;quot;pro career trajectory.&amp;quot; Whether you're asking if a 5-star rating is correlated with getting drafted, winning Super Bowls or winning awards at the end of the season will change the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The instinctive answer to all of the above from longtime fans will be no, being rated 5-star doesn't mean you'll have a successful career. Comprehensive data is sparse to come by for this question, although a brief search did turn up one study &lt;a href=&quot;https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3035&amp;amp;context=cmc_theses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; that suggested rating is correlated with draft position, but not career earnings or titles. 247 and ESPN rarely disagree by much on the quality of prospects, and usually maintain that out of the thousands of players that play ball in college there are only 25-40 players worthy of the prestigious 5-star rating each year. If you look at who's achieved that in the past, it's easy to find current NFL players just by scrolling (take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://247sports.com/Season/2017-Football/CompositeRecruitRankings/?InstitutionGroup=highschool&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2017's list&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another study that's easier to read is &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1938590-whats-the-success-rate-for-5-star-recruits-reaching-the-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, which focuses solely on those 5-stars as opposed to all recruits. Its data strongly argues that the highest recruits have the highest chance of making it to the pros (but that should've been obvious anyway). It also points out that since players usually receive a numerical score in addition to stars, you can evaluate the absolute cream of the crop differently than the other top recruits, and even still there appear to be differences in pro success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing to remember is roughly 2% of all college players make a pro roster, and even fewer become starters. Your graphic above lists 12 players from the two teams, which combine for 110 roster spots (that's about 11%) plus an unknown more on practice squads. So in conclusion, I'd say &lt;em&gt;yes&lt;/em&gt; the data does suggest 5-stars are more likely to succeed in their football careers, but being rated that high going into college absolutely does not guarantee anything beyond getting a lot of attention from the media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24443" LastActivityDate="2022-10-18T23:36:05.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27817" CreationDate="2022-10-18T23:46:01.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is illegal to kick the ball intentionally, so as to prevent the opponent from recovering it or to gain any kind of field position advantage. Booting it into the endzone and trying to recover it for a touchdown is still a flag and will not count, the penalty would be assessed at the point at which the ball was kicked. If it's in the middle of a scramble and clearly accidental then it's considered incidental and will probably never be called. Here's a (quite humorous) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QC3t5W1zlfQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt; of such kicking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're looking for an example of it being called a penalty, here's an (also rather humorous) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1UF2JEwZyg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of it last year in a college game. The difference is the intent, and it's the referee's judgement to decide that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24443" LastEditorUserId="24443" LastEditDate="2022-10-18T23:55:37.110" LastActivityDate="2022-10-18T23:55:37.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28050" CreationDate="2022-10-19T16:16:24.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Natural Gut/Poly (Mains/Crosses)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A gut/poly hybrid will be incredibly friendly on the arm, while also providing a boost in power due to the gut being in the mains. Control and spin will be lacking compared to many other stringing setups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poly/Natural Gut (Mains/Crosses)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, players should find that a poly/gut hybrid will highlight the spin/control friendliness of poly, with the comfort of the natural gut. This is especially true for players with a lot of topspin on their ground strokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full Poly&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are hundreds of options when it comes to a full bed of poly, so any claims here will have to be generalized when compared to &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; string materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full bed of poly will in general provide better access to spin and control. There are polys that are shaped (square, hexagonal, etc) to provide more &amp;quot;bite&amp;quot; on the ball, thereby increasing spin potential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A downside of poly is the tension maintenance. A full bed of poly will have an initial drop off in tension, where after it can sit until you either break a string or the break the racquet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many players also complain about the arm-friendliness of full poly bed. I personally have suffered through tennis-elbow when using some polys, and have since found certain brand offerings that can provide more comfort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Caveats&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this being said, there are way more specificities that players can dive into with respect to stringing (main/cross tension disparity, changes in tension to affect launch angle, temperature at play, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stringing is a highly personal preference and the best advice I can give is to try out many combinations to get a feel for what changes affect your game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24454" LastEditorUserId="24454" LastEditDate="2022-10-19T16:20:27.623" LastActivityDate="2022-10-19T16:20:27.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28259" CreationDate="2022-10-19T16:34:25.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, if players are calling their own lines, it's considered courteous to award your opponent the point if there is uncertainty of whether a ball is in or not, regardless of where that ball was played (groundstroke, serve, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can think of the service box T as an intersection of two planes: one for the service line and one for the center service line. Depending on the direction of the serve, different edges of the planes are used to definitely determine whether a ball is in or out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example below, if serving from left-right (deuce side), a ball will be in if it touches any part of the red plane, as well as any part of the yellow plane in the deuce court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eR5I7.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eR5I7.png&quot; alt=&quot;Service box diagram&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24454" LastActivityDate="2022-10-19T16:34:25.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28335" CreationDate="2022-10-20T08:21:40.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Binda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alfredo Binda&lt;/a&gt;'s case might be close. He won 3 Giro d'Italia races in a row between 1927 and 1929 (he also won in 1925). In the 1927 race he won 12 stages out of 15. In 1929 he won 8 consecutive stages. His dominance was so through that the organizers of the Giro d'Italia (kind of sponsors of the sport) payed him to &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; start in 1930.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T08:21:40.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28389" CreationDate="2022-10-20T12:32:18.757" Score="0" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, October 20th, 2022 is the 27th time in history that the &amp;quot;Big Four&amp;quot; leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB) are all in action on the same day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read that there was a 16-year period (1985–2001) without a single Sports Equinox, but now they happen much more frequently. There will be a record four Sports Equinoxes this year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T13:09:19.840" Title="Why is the Sport Equinox taking place more frequently?" Tags="|nfl|mlb|nba|nhl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27673" CreationDate="2022-10-20T12:38:53.217" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it's not an award that bears true merit, it is recognized by the NFL. In the past, the best player has not won the NVP (Nickelodeon Valuable Player), but rather the fan favorite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T12:38:53.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28387" CreationDate="2022-10-20T13:07:30.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a complete answer, but the NBA season starts 11 days earlier comparing between 2002 and 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article posted by F1Krazy...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Thursday Night Football&amp;quot; is a fixture, the World Series starts later,&#xA;and the NBA season starts earlier, they're much more frequent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...corroborates my statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24456" LastEditorUserId="24456" LastEditDate="2022-10-20T13:09:19.840" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T13:09:19.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28043" CreationDate="2022-10-20T16:27:39.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter cannot take two full consecutive plate appearances legally. (As &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/28044/13730&quot;&gt;Joe noted&lt;/a&gt;, if an inning ends with a play on the bases not involving a ball the batter struck, the same batter will start the next inning.) However, if a batter bats out of order and the violation is caught and the same batter is due to be the next batter, then they may appear at the plate twice, seemingly batting twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps an example will help: A team has a batting order of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I. After I bats, A is due up again. However, B appears at the plate instead. After B completes a plate appearance, the defense claims an out of order violation. An out would be called, and any other effects would be nullified (e.g. base runners would be returned to their previous bases, runs scored removed, etc.; if the batter had reached base they are removed). B would then be due to bat. Technically however, A is the batter considered to have been put out, so from a rules perspective B is not batting twice in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This umpiring page explains the rule: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/rules-batting/batting-out-of-order&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/rules-batting/batting-out-of-order&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2022-10-20T16:27:39.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-21T03:03:26.820" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of soccer, I was wondering, if I were a player on the outfield, would it be possible for me to substitute for the goalkeeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24461" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T13:53:47.500" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T13:53:47.500" Title="Can an outfield player substitute for a goalkeeper?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2022-10-21T06:58:57.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28394" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-21T04:09:54.250" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that Red Bull has breached the F1 cost cap. The situation has become more and more tense between the top three teams (Red Bull, Ferrari, and Mercedes). The McLaren CEO has also spoken about this and said that the team need to be punished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now, let's say that the Red Bull team do not get punished for this breach, and only get reprimanded and keep their championship. Will this give the others teams, like Mercedes or Ferrari, the opportunity to find the loop-hole in order to breach the cost cap without getting punished?&lt;/strong&gt; Let's say that in 2023, Ferrari wins the championship but breach the cost cap, they can say that their situation is the same as 2021 and of course, keep their title to themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that this will become a big problem if the team do not get punished, because the other teams can manipulate this situation in order to find the loop-hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24110" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-10-21T06:59:08.297" LastActivityDate="2023-09-18T09:49:13.833" Title="Will other teams start breaching the cost cap if Red Bull are not punished for breaching it?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28394" CreationDate="2022-10-21T07:20:34.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was certainly what the other teams (and many commentators) &lt;em&gt;believed&lt;/em&gt; would happen if Red Bull's sentence was too lenient - the cost cap would become meaningless and other teams would start breaching it too. The day before you posted this, Lewis Hamilton &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/63339364&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stated in an interview&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are relaxed with these rules, all the teams will just go over. Spending millions more and only having a slap on the wrist is not going to be great for the sport. They might as well not have a cost cap in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is precedent for this: in 1994, the FIA banned the use of launch control software, yet that year's title-winning Benetton B194 was found to have one installed. The FIA couldn't prove they'd actually &lt;em&gt;used&lt;/em&gt; it, so Benetton got away with it, and over the following seasons, so many other teams installed launch control software that they &amp;quot;weren't using&amp;quot; that the FIA were forced to admit the ban was unenforceable and lifted it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the cost cap, however, &lt;strong&gt;this hasn't happened&lt;/strong&gt;. Despite the cost cap rules being made more stringent for 2022, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12732815/mercedes-boss-toto-wolff-says-breaching-f1-cost-cap-not-worth-reputational-damage-after-red-bull-punished-by-fia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;criticism from some&lt;/a&gt; that Red Bull's punishment was too lenient, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.fia-confirm-all-10-f1-teams-operated-below-cost-cap-in-2022.1MSZ7OgE8XF6GTMBLH4LxS.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the FIA have stated&lt;/a&gt; that no teams breached the cost cap that year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linked Sky Sports article suggests why: while some teams were unhappy with Red Bull's punishment, others were satisfied, and Mercedes' Toto Wolff noted that the &amp;quot;reputational damage&amp;quot; Red Bull suffered would be enough of a deterrent. In the case of Benetton, they weren't punished &lt;em&gt;at all&lt;/em&gt;, and the incident was overshadowed by other controversies surrounding the team that year (namely, accusations of illegal fuel hoses, and Michael Schumacher's controversial title-deciding collision with Damon Hill), such that it didn't hurt Benetton's reputation all that much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-09-18T09:49:13.833" LastActivityDate="2023-09-18T09:49:13.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28397" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-21T12:44:28.400" Score="2" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if you needed to be of a certain age to play professional basketball. Do you need a college degree? Or can you play straight from high school?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24461" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T18:46:18.517" Title="What is the age minimum to play in the National Basketball Association, (NBA)?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28397" CreationDate="2022-10-21T12:44:50.937" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to be at least 19 years old during the calendar year when the draft is held.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-No, you do not need a college degree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is supposed to stop any prospect from going straight to the BNBA directly out of high school.&#xA;(The idea behind that was to force high school graduates to go to college for at least one year) But, they do not need to go to college in that year. They can decide to play overseas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24461" LastEditorUserId="24461" LastEditDate="2022-10-21T18:46:18.517" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T18:46:18.517" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28368" CreationDate="2022-10-21T14:03:16.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jumping rope in general will improve your coordination, agility, balance and endurance. It is common to see boxers doing it for the benefits mentioned above and it is also a great warm-up exercise with minimal injury risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that said, a good warm up could consist of jumping rope for about 2-3 min to elevate your heart rate, some side to side movements or lateral shuffles to prime your body for the game, and some dynamic stretches to prevent injury during your game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23745" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T14:03:16.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28043" CreationDate="2022-10-21T19:44:45.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While somewhat of a stretch and technicality, the intentional walk rule could lead to a batter batting twice in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/intentional-walk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Beginning in the 2017 season&lt;/a&gt;, teams no longer need to throw four balls in order to intentionally walk a batter. Rather, the manager can signal an intentional walk from the dugout at any point during a plate appearance, putting the batter on first base automatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, a batter could get on base, and a team can intentionally walk 8 batters in a row without throwing a pitch to these individuals. From here, the same batter would be up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is incredibly unlikley to happen, but would lead to a batter being up to bat twice in a row.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T19:44:45.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28406" CreationDate="2022-10-21T19:57:52.713" Score="2" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/08/29/sports-betting-laws-by-state/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;read&lt;/a&gt; that there are many states in the US where you can now legally bet and gamble on sports. Each election term, it sounds like more states are voting on sports betting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What impact has this had on the viewership of sports? Are more people watching or attending games due to sports betting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastEditorUserId="24452" LastEditDate="2022-10-21T21:18:10.653" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T13:57:24.837" Title="Are more sports being watched due to more states legalizing sports betting and gambling?" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26490" CreationDate="2022-10-21T21:21:35.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is that punters can, and do, serve as backup place kickers in most NFL teams because most of them kicked field goals in college and &amp;quot;know what to do&amp;quot;. (Likewise, the place kicker will usually punt if the punter is invalided out of the game and a punt is essential). The reasons you see it so seldom are as follows:-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The place kicker seldom gets hurt during a game. If he gets hurt in training the team will quickly sign a specialist replacement until he recovers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When he DOES get hurt, the coach then has to offset in his mind the likely return from a different option (going for two, &amp;quot;going for it&amp;quot; on 4th down) against the likely return from a place kick by a backup kicker.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Very, very occasionally there is someone on the team with more place kicking experience than the punter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You've got a problem if the punter is the regular holder (seems usual today, but historically it was usually the backup quarterback, a more sensible choice IMO). You could be confronted with a situation where a backup holder is holding for a backup place kicker, without benefit of any practice or rehearsal. And, because these are professional footballers and athletes, they may very well get the job done even so, but it all reduces the odds when the coach is making the game call referred to in 2. above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that said, it can and does happen - just very infrequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24465" LastActivityDate="2022-10-21T21:21:35.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28335" CreationDate="2022-10-21T22:30:36.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another possibility is the Cleveland Browns in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;All-America Football Conference&lt;/a&gt;. This was a rival league to the NFL that ran between 1946 and 1949.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Browns record was 47-4-2 and they won all 4 league championships, and, according to at least one source, they were so dominant that fans lost interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: to respond to the comment from Allure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've got two books in my library that make reference to the fans losing interest in the AAFC due to the dominance of the Browns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportspages.com/product/nfl_official_encyclopaedia_of_american_football_29541&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Official Encyclopaedia of American Football&lt;/a&gt; published in 1989 and the other is &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/details/nflofficialhisto0000riff/page/n199/mode/2up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Official History of American Football&lt;/a&gt; published in 1990. (This link has the text of the book - search AAFC)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither goes into detail, or provides references, merely a sentence or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware if there is an on-line source that gives references, will have a look.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17006" LastEditorUserId="17006" LastEditDate="2022-10-22T10:08:53.490" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T10:08:53.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28405" CreationDate="2022-10-22T01:18:58.957" Score="0" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are plenty of tennis competitions named 'open' such as the French Open, Australia Open, or Mexico Open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason for this naming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T08:44:58.937" Title="Why are tennis cometitions called 'open'?" Tags="|tennis|history|tournaments|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28404" CreationDate="2022-10-22T08:44:58.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments; professional players had an entirely separate set of tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Open&amp;quot; refers to the state &lt;em&gt;since&lt;/em&gt; 1968 where both amateur and professional players can enter the same tournament. Of course, the skill level is such that realistically it is only professional players that ever even get close to winning tournaments, but in theory an amateur player could enter and win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also golf - e.g. the British Open and the U.S. Open; the &amp;quot;open&amp;quot; naming is exactly the same there as opposed to the PGA Tour which is open to professionals only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T08:44:58.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28401" CreationDate="2022-10-22T13:57:24.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it seems to be the case that sports viewership numbers have increased since &lt;em&gt;Murphy&lt;/em&gt; (which allowed states to legalize sports gambling in the US).  COVID of course made this a little complicated to measure, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ticketnews.com/2020/12/how-the-sports-betting-industry-affects-viewership-and-ticket-sales/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;viewership has increased by several percent&lt;/a&gt; in the years since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also increases the viewership of games &lt;a href=&quot;https://variety.com/vip/the-state-of-online-sports-gambling-1235228711/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;during blowouts&lt;/a&gt;, which obviously makes their eyes more valuable to advertisers (who otherwise would see a drop in viewers when the game is no longer remotely in doubt).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact numbers are hard to say, because so many confounding factors exist, but for example the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/05/giants-co-owner-sports-betting-has-big-influence-on-nfl-ratings.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL ratings rose 5% in 2019&lt;/a&gt;, the first year of legalized sports betting (in 13 states by that point).  That was pre-COVID, so avoids some of the other confounding factors there, but of course there could be other factors affecting it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-22T13:57:24.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28412" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-24T22:10:29.847" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball is hit to right center field, the runner misses first base while rounding it and goes on to be safe at second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We tell the umpire about the missed base, and instruct our player to tag them on second, which is done while at second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpire calls safe, then later said if we went to the mound and then threw to first, it would be out. I know that is one way, but can we appeal and tag the runner at second as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24481" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-10-28T10:01:40.043" LastActivityDate="2022-10-28T10:01:40.043" Title="Runner missed bag on first and is tagged on second" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28412" CreationDate="2022-10-25T00:06:52.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What the umpire is referring to is the &lt;em&gt;appeal play&lt;/em&gt;, which is the one correct way to put out a runner who misses a bag. However, they may, or may not, be confused as to what actions constitute an appeal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rulebook (2021)&lt;/a&gt;, 5.09(c):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appeal Plays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the ball in play, while advancing or returning to a base, he fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is tagged;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.referee.com/timed-properly-appeal-plays-result-in-an-out/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, it shows two methods of appeal - live ball and dead ball.  The rulebook does not specify when the appeal must happen; though dead ball is the more common method (and what is typically thought of as &amp;quot;appeal&amp;quot;) for this kind of out, it is not the only one.  (In fact, probably the most common appeal play is that where the player does not tag up after a fly ball - lining into a double play, for example - and that certainly happens when the ball is live in most instances.) Not all leagues support &amp;quot;dead ball&amp;quot; appeals; MLB does not, for example, but it is more common to be permitted at lower levels to avoid complications. I will assume only &amp;quot;live ball&amp;quot; appeals are permitted here, as otherwise simply informing the umpire of the desire to appeal should have sufficed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What your question does not make clear is whether or not this occurred before or after time was called on the previous play.  If it was a live ball situation and the play was still ongoing, then the player should simply have been ruled out so long as the umpire felt an appeal was being made (tagging a runner on a base should suffice, but the player could use the word &amp;quot;appeal&amp;quot; to make it more clear - but it should not be required).  If it were after time was called, the ball needed to go back to the mound first, and then be thrown to the missed base properly (meaning, without a balk).  The pitcher could also throw to a player who could then tag the runner who missed the base, if they are still on base; see for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.umpirebible.com/index.php/15-none/32-proper-appeals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this how-to&lt;/a&gt;.  The rules do explicitly state &amp;quot;he, or a missed base, is tagged&amp;quot;, and so tagging the player should be sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-25T00:06:52.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27859" CreationDate="2022-10-25T12:00:22.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no minimum ATP ranking requirement to sign up for an ATP tournament. A player simply needs to be a registered ATP Player Member.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ATP Circuit Regulations - Section 1.07&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For entry into an ATP Tour or ATP Challenger Tour tournament, all players must&#xA;be an ATP Player Member (”Member”) or an ATP Registered Player. Wild cards&#xA;are exempt from this provision.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, it's highly unlikely that a player with no ranking points would be selected as a participant over a player with any ranking points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24454" LastActivityDate="2022-10-25T12:00:22.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28415" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28417" CreationDate="2022-10-25T12:08:53.647" Score="0" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;The classic baseball movie, Little Big League, has a hidden ball trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/zy3Jsf_rKzg?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would a play like this be considered legal in the MLB? Or is this a balk or another rule prohibiting a play like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-17T07:26:42.843" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T07:26:42.843" Title="Would the hidden ball trick from the movie Little Big League be legal in the MLB today?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28415" CreationDate="2022-10-25T14:36:54.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As long as the pitcher steps off the rubber prior to the fake throw to first, it would be legal. Him being off the rubber is the key to it not being illegal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24485" LastActivityDate="2022-10-25T14:36:54.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28415" CreationDate="2022-10-25T19:01:38.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball Rulebook, 2021 edition&lt;/a&gt;, a Balk is covered in 6.02, Pitcher Illegal Action, (a), Balks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a runner, or runners, it is a balk when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The pitcher, while touching his plate, feints a throw to first or third base and fails to complete the throw;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pitching mound is not fully visible in the film at that point, so it is unclear if the pitcher is touching his plate or not.  However, it would be a highly unusual action for him to remove his foot from the plate and then throw to first; it would almost certainly not result in what happened, as the baserunner would notice the odd action (would notice that the pitcher had not returned to the mound).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pitcher &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; on the pitching rubber, and took two steps, one then a second, to make the throw (as he appears to have), then that would be illegal - the second step doesn't make it any better, and would be a feint in any event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only if the pitcher were off the rubber for a meaningful amount of time, would it be legal to feint a throw - at that point the pitcher is treated as an infielder; see this note to 5.07 (e):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.07(e) Comment: The pitcher, while off the rubber, may throw to any base. If he makes a wild throw, such throw is the throw of an infielder and what follows is governed by the rules covering a ball thrown by a fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this does not appear to be what happened in the film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-10-25T19:01:38.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28418" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-25T19:23:25.800" Score="1" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's my turn to shoot and the cue ball is touching one of my object balls is it legal for me to hit that ball straight on or does it have to be hit at an angle and what angle should it be hit at and if the balls aren't touching by the littlest of a eighth of an inch is it legal for me to hit that ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24486" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-10-26T09:18:50.313" LastActivityDate="2022-10-26T16:22:38.290" Title="Vnea 8ball pool league" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28420" CreationDate="2022-10-26T12:35:08.180" Score="1" ViewCount="926" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching Bundesliga or Premier League from time to time I will see a player inbounding the ball, and running along the sideline.  There does not seem to be a restriction, but surely there must be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What restricts the movement of a player inbounding the ball in football (soccer)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information: (and apologies, YouTube does not seem to have very many videos of player tossing the ball in).  What I am talking about is when the ball is played out of bounds along the sidelines.  The ensuing play has one player take the ball and toss it over his head into play.  It seems this player can run boundlessly along the sideline before tossing it in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2022-10-26T13:31:51.313" LastActivityDate="2022-10-26T21:25:06.110" Title="How far can a player throwing a soccer ball inbounds run along the sideline?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28419" CreationDate="2022-10-26T13:44:24.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-throw-in/#introduction&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 15 - The Throw-in&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must: [...] throw the ball with both hands from behind and over the head from the point where it left the field of play&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so in theory it should be at the exact point the ball left the pitch. In practice, players will be given a certain (non-defined) amount of leeway, particularly if doing so enables the game to be restarted more quickly and does not result in their team gaining an advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-10-26T13:44:24.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28418" CreationDate="2022-10-26T16:14:31.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If they are touching / frozen:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the cue ball is touching an object ball, then yes, it is legal to hit straight, or at an angle, into the object ball, assuming the shot then does one of the following (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vnea.com/8-ball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VNEA 8-Ball Rules&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;H. Fouling&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Object Ball Frozen To Cushion Or Cue Ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This applies to any shot where the cue ball’s first contact with a ball is with one that is frozen to a cushion or to the cue ball itself. After the cue ball makes contact with the frozen ball, the shot must result in either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) A ball being pocketed, or;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) The cue ball contacting a cushion, or;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) The frozen ball being caused to contact a cushion attached to a separate rail, or;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d) Another object ball being caused to contact a cushion with which it was not already in contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Failure to satisfy one of those four requirements is a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If they are not touching / frozen:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is still legal to play the shot, in the sense that it is not illegal to do so, however you are almost certainly going to perform a double hit (unless you hit the object ball &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; fine), which would result in a foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2022-10-26T16:22:38.290" LastActivityDate="2022-10-26T16:22:38.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28429" CreationDate="2022-10-26T19:51:07.420" Score="-2" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everywhere I look, I hear more and more about pickleball. I see many local public tennis courts converting some of their courts to accommodate pickleball. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/20/kevin-durant-is-latest-athlete-to-buy-into-major-league-pickleball.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tom Brady, LeBron James, and Kevin Durant&lt;/a&gt; are investing in the sport and and Major League Pickleball. Is there any evidence that pickleball is actually picking up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-10-26T21:22:51.013" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T12:57:17.130" Title="Is pickleball becoming more popular?" Tags="|pickleball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12894" CreationDate="2022-10-26T22:59:08.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you clearly know, after multiple wall bounces, the ball remains in play. But only &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; floor bounce is allowed. If the ball hits the ground a second time, the rally is won/lost—regardless of how many times the walls have been hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24489" LastActivityDate="2022-10-26T22:59:08.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-26T23:01:53.990" Score="0" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;The score during a game of pickleball doubles is &lt;strong&gt;4-7-2&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those unfamiliar, this means that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the serving team has &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; points,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the opposing team has &lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt; points, and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this is the second serve for the serving team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now suppose that the serving team &lt;strong&gt;wins&lt;/strong&gt; the point. The score becomes &lt;strong&gt;5-7&lt;/strong&gt;. That much is clear, but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the pickleball serving number reset when a point is won at the second serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concretely&lt;/strong&gt;, does the score become:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5-7-1&lt;/strong&gt; (with the serving number resetting to &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;), or does it become&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5-7-2&lt;/strong&gt; (with the serving number remaining &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;despite&lt;/em&gt; that this is the first serve to be made at the &lt;strong&gt;5-7&lt;/strong&gt; score?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24489" LastActivityDate="2023-03-01T09:43:50.423" Title="Does the pickleball serving number reset when a point is won at the second serve?" Tags="|scoring|pickleball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-27T07:37:41.600" Score="7" ViewCount="1605" Body="&lt;p&gt;Footage from the first filmed football match in 1897 can be found on YouTube &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNW-h4WbuNU&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was just wondering, who are the two football clubs in action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20942" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T07:56:53.090" Title="Which two football clubs are competing in this YouTube video billed as the first ever filmed football match in 1897?" Tags="|football|history|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28427" CreationDate="2022-10-27T07:56:53.090" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;According the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/newly-colourised-footage-brings-1897-belfast-football-match-back-to-life-41054942.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Belfast Telegraph&lt;/a&gt;, this is a match between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glentoran_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glentoran FC&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliftonville_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cliftonville FC&lt;/a&gt; on Mersey Street in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and is indeed thought to be the first known video of a football match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Archive footage of a football match in east Belfast dating back to 1897 has been brought to life with a stunning new colourised version appearing online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The footage of Glentoran v Cliftonville was taken in Mersey Street and is thought to be the oldest available in the world of any football match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was captured by Frenchman Alexandre Promio for the Lumiere Brothers company at the time and later screened at the Belfast Empire to amazed crowds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the article - there is now even a colourised, speed-corrected version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/hUJVaH7AP4I?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T07:56:53.090" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28423" CreationDate="2022-10-27T12:47:31.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://usapickleball.org/news/fastest-growing-sport/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USA Pickleball&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OB4HX.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OB4HX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;USA Pickleball&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24494" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-10-27T12:57:17.130" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T12:57:17.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28430" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28431" CreationDate="2022-10-27T16:29:29.147" Score="-2" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/34878645/celtics-jaylen-brown-rams-aaron-donald-leaving-donda-sports&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aaron Donald and Jaylen Brown&lt;/a&gt; recently left DONDA SPORTS due to antisemitic remarks made by founder Ye (fka Kanye West).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What were these comments? Why are athletes turning away from DONDA SPORTS as a result of these comments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24494" LastEditorUserId="24494" LastEditDate="2022-10-27T16:40:11.143" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T16:51:22.997" Title="How is DONDA SPORTS associated with antisemitism?" Tags="|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28430" CreationDate="2022-10-27T16:39:18.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Donda Sports is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/2022/10/26/23424460/what-is-donda-sports-a-debrief-on-kanyes-marketing-agency-that-lost-aaron-donald-and-jaylen-brown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;agency ... founded ... by Ye (Kanye West) and Justin Laboy&lt;/a&gt;, and as such is linked to Ye as the co-owner and co-founder.  (Note: Ye is the current preferred name of the person who used to be known as Kanye West.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both players stated that they left the agency due to the anti-semitic remarks made by Ye (see the letters reprinted in the article above). As to &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; why they made that choice, you'd have to ask them, any specific reason would be speculation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-10-27T16:51:22.997" LastActivityDate="2022-10-27T16:51:22.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28437" CreationDate="2022-10-28T08:56:32.813" Score="3" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;When an F1 race start (or re-start) takes place, what determines when cars starting from the pit-lane allowed to start? Is it based on cars on-track or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was thinking of this particularly in regard to the very unusual race restart in the 2021 Hungarian GP where every car except one came in to change tyres, leaving Lewis Hamilton as the only car on the grid with all others starting from the pit lane. If Lewis suffered car failure at the start or simply decided to sit on the grid at lights-out would everyone else have been allowed to restart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7826" LastActivityDate="2022-10-28T12:56:13.650" Title="When cars start from the pit lane, what determines when they can start?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28436" CreationDate="2022-10-28T12:56:13.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a separate light signal at the end of the pit lane, that shows green if cars allowed to leave the pit lane, and red if they're not. Cars that start the race from the pit lane have to wait for that light to change from red to green before they can set off. This is the same procedure that occurs at the start of practice and qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the light doesn't change automatically, and has to be manually triggered by the race director. This ensures that cars can only leave the pit lane once it's safe to do so (i.e. every other car has passed the pit exit, and there's no danger of crashing into someone while merging onto the track).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scenario you describe would most likely lead to an aborted start as soon it becomes clear that Hamilton can't (or won't) move. You can't have cars stranded in the middle of a live race track.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-10-28T12:56:13.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28439" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-29T03:12:08.090" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/news/josh-primo-waived-spurs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Josh Primo was waived by the San Antonio Spurs on 2022-10-28&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was a high draft pick and by many accounts and up and coming player. Why waive him? I'm sure the the Spurs could have got draft picks or some compensation for a player with his potential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24499" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditorDisplayName="user24499" LastEditDate="2022-10-30T08:18:11.087" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T08:18:11.087" Title="Why was Josh Primo waived?" Tags="|basketball|nba|transaction|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28439" CreationDate="2022-10-29T03:56:20.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds like it was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.poundingtherock.com/2022/10/28/23429500/josh-primo-cites-mental-health-as-his-reason-for-leaving-the-spurs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at his request&lt;/a&gt;, or at least a mutual decision, with him citing the need to take care of his mental health as the reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reports indicate that he apparently was waived after &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/34904011/sources-joshua-primo-allegedly-exposed-women&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;exposing himself to several women&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-10-30T00:13:05.990" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T00:13:05.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-10-30T10:09:40.353" Score="1" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;‎In a T20 match, if a fielding side has only ten players present on the field (either through injury or breaks, without bringing in a substitute), how many players can field outside the 30 yard circle after six overs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24504" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-10-30T23:22:04.920" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T23:22:04.920" Title="Second power play when only ten fielders are present" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28442" CreationDate="2022-10-30T11:39:05.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can't tell you because this isn't specified in the Laws of Cricket; you will need to refer to the specific playing conditions for the precise tournament(s) that you are interested in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, we can look at (say) the playing conditions for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/10/11/f7c22d5d-d030-4d3f-9e63-47e13d993d1e/C1.-Playing-Conditions-FINAL-CLEAN-061022.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 Men's T20 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.7.4 During the Powerplay overs only two fielders shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area at the instant of delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.7.5 During the non Powerplay overs, no more than 5 fielders shall be permitted outside the fielding restriction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That seems pretty clear to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-10-30T11:39:05.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28448" CreationDate="2022-11-02T14:59:07.577" Score="1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is inspired by the recent &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stampedeblue.com/2022/11/1/23434635/colts-fire-offensive-coordinator-marcus-brady&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;firing&lt;/a&gt; of the Indianapolis offensive coordinator Marcus Brady. The coordinators are usually picked by the head coach, so firing one is a desperate measure. Has this step ever helped a team? How long do head coaches survive after they fire a coordinator? Or (given that about 20-25% of head coaches are fired annually) do they survive at least a full season? The most recent example I remember is that Panthers offensive coordinator Joe Brady was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/news/panthers-part-ways-with-oc-joe-brady-senior-offensive-assistant-jeff-nixon-will-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fired&lt;/a&gt; at week 13(?) in the 2021 season - his boss Matt Rhule was &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/34768733/panthers-fire-head-coach-matt-rhule-1-4-record-next-steve-wilks-named-interim&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fired&lt;/a&gt; after week 5 in 2022, less than a full season later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastActivityDate="2022-11-04T07:56:16.230" Title="How long do NFL head coaches survive firing a coordinator during season?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28447" CreationDate="2022-11-02T14:59:07.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.si.com/nfl/2018/11/12/bengals-defensive-coordinator-teryl-austin-fired&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; from 2018 with a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bengals defensive coordinator Ken Zampese was fired after week 2 in 2017. Head coach Marvin Lewis stayed for an other season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bengals defensive coordinator Teryl Austin was fired in November 2018. At the end of the season Marvin Lewis was (practically) fired.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Buccaneers defensive coordinator Mike Smith was fired in October 2018. Head coach Dirk Koetter was fired at the end of the season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lions special teams coordinator Joe Marciano was fired in November 2018. Head coach Matt Patricia was fired two years later (also in season).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cardinals offensive coordinator Mike McCoy was fired in October 2018. Head coach Steve Wilks was fired after the end of the season.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lions offensive coordinator Joe Lombardi was fired in October 2015. Head coach Jim Caldwell stayed for more than two seasons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ravens offensive coordinator Cam Cameron was fired in December 2012. Head coach John Harbaugh still leads the Ravens a decade later.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So out of 8 examples (including Matt Rhule), 4 head coaches had the door shown to them within 12 months, 1 survived a season-and-a-half, 2 survived 2 seasons and one stayed with the team ever since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-11-04T07:56:16.230" LastActivityDate="2022-11-04T07:56:16.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28450" CreationDate="2022-11-03T03:24:58.283" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;Little league game (15U):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fewer than 2 outs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A ball is batted into infield.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A runner from 3B goes home and slides head/hands first just as a fielder throws the ball to the catcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The throw is low and ends up being lodged under the sliding 3B runner who touches home plate with his hand.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The umpire calls 3B runner &amp;quot;safe.&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 3B runner does not call &amp;quot;time.&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 3B runner then reaches underneath him and throws the lodged ball towards the pitcher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The umpire declares interference on the 3B runner, calls him out and nullifies his run (no score).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this call correct, or should the &lt;em&gt;batter-runner&lt;/em&gt; be called out for teammate interference (and the run allowed to score)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24523" LastEditorUserId="24523" LastEditDate="2022-11-03T17:56:05.920" LastActivityDate="2022-11-03T18:55:22.107" Title="Rule on runner safe at home interfering with thrown ball lodged under him" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28449" CreationDate="2022-11-03T03:36:54.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in Major League Baseball, the umpire's call could be partially correct, depending on their interpretation of what occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Major League Baseball Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, 6.01(a)(5):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interference by a batter or a runner when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any batter or runner who has just been put out, or any runner who has just scored, hinders or impedes any following play being made on a runner. Such runner shall be declared out for the interference of his teammate (see Rule 6.01(j))&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would depend on the umpire ruling that the action of the runner impeded a play being made on another runner.  This is impossible to tell from the scenario above.  If this was a situation where a runner was alone on third, and the runner scored roughly simultaneously with the batter-runner reaching first base, and the batter-runner did not round first base (so trailed off to the dugout side of the bag), then likely there was no play to be made, and no interference call should be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if there are other runners on the basepaths, or if there was any potential at all for a play at first, or at any other bag, or if the batter-runner rounded first towards second (even if he did not advance), it's likely the interference call was appropriate.  In that sort of situation, the umpire is going to tend to give the benefit of the doubt to the fielders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see any reason the run should not score, though, in either case.  The umpire has vast discretion, if they feel something that is not covered in the rules occurs - 8.01(c):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each umpire has authority to rule on any point not specifically covered in these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't see how this would apply; but again, it's hard to say without being at the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2022-11-03T18:55:22.107" LastActivityDate="2022-11-03T18:55:22.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28451" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-03T05:08:25.767" Score="0" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a kid that plays basketball and he's always running around the house jumping to see what he can reach and to improve his jump height.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a &amp;quot;thing&amp;quot; exist that has targets that he can jump for that vary in height that have an audible noise and/or tactile feel?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could, for example, buy a bunch of small bells and hang them from strings on a pole. Each of the strings having varying lengths from long on one end to short on the other and then attach that pole to a door frame or arch in the house. However I feel that this isn't an original idea and that someone must have come up with a better solution than I've just described. (Or perhaps there's a product and my Google Foo is failing me?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="671" LastActivityDate="2022-11-20T15:04:43.287" Title="High jumping tactile target or bell" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28454" CreationDate="2022-11-04T21:06:28.563" Score="-1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am working on a problem where I need to find the moment of service (start of the rally) in a table tennis game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;start and end of a rally in a game - the moment when a player serves the ball and the moment when the exchange of the shots between players is finished, i.e. one of the players scores a point or the rally stops for any other reason&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have the coordinates of the ball in the game, and I am writing a program to identify this moment based on the coordinates of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly would identify this moment, to match the definition in the rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24531" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-11-05T09:42:44.097" LastActivityDate="2022-11-05T09:58:16.687" Title="how to serve (start of the rally) prediction in table tennis" Tags="|rules|tennis|table-tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28453" CreationDate="2022-11-05T09:58:16.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The serve in table tennis is performed by making the ball go directly upwards from the flat hand, or as close to vertically as a human athlete can achieve, allowed to move ballistically for a short time, then struck with the paddle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are looking for a consecutive sequence of short periods, consisting of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;small amount of acceleration, almost perfectly vertical&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;short time of ballistic flight&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;large spike of acceleration, almost entirely horizontal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;slightly longer time of ballistic flight&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis (lawn tennis, outdoor tennis) is very similar, though the ball is thrown further and got harder, so the distances and accelerations will be much larger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you have found this sequence, you can identify the spike of horizontal acceleration as the moment of the serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For details on the modelling and programming aspects of this identification, you can refer to the Mathematics and/or Physics Stack Exchange sites, and Stack Overflow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-11-05T09:58:16.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28455" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-06T13:09:28.083" Score="2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;The player was injured while not at bat.  Unfortunately there were not enough players to have a pinch hitter when the injured player was scheduled to bat the next inning.  The team was required to take an out.  How does that get recorded for the scorebook?  Does it count against the injured player’s batting average?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24536" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T01:05:30.560" Title="How to record an injured players automatic out" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28455" CreationDate="2022-11-07T01:05:30.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This almost certainly depends on the specifics of the league in play.  MLB and NCAA Div I rules require a forfeit for a team that cannot field 9 players (and in fact no MLB game has ever used players until only 9 were left and then had an injury, so the scenario has not occurred).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was able to find several different leagues that allow 8 players (with differences on whether an automatic out is required), including club baseball and high school baseball, but none of them gave any guidance on statistics for the automatic out.  (I don't have access to NFHS rules).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batter/runner stats apply to the player, not to the position.  A player leaving the game should be the same regardless of whether the team has sufficient players to replace the spot.  So no time at bat or offensive stats should accumulate for the player that has left.  For your explicit question, no it doesn't count against the injured player's batting average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see some ambiguity for the defensive stats.  Is there a player that is credited with a putout?  Is the pitcher credited with a batter faced and a third of an inning pitched?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have some opinions on that, but without some documentation, I'm not going to speculate.  Maybe someone else has access to some rules that have more explicit instructions for the official scorer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T01:05:30.560" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28043" CreationDate="2022-11-07T01:16:46.903" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible if the batter comes up as an improper batter and the defense does not protest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If batter &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; has a plate appearance (perhaps at the end of an inning) and then goes to bat at the beginning of the next, it's up to the defense to notice and appeal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; completes a second consecutive bat and the defense then does not appeal before the next batter receives a pitch, the player becomes a proper batter and play continues as if the appearance was correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T01:16:46.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28464" CreationDate="2022-11-07T14:57:36.567" Score="1" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/34948608/panthers-dj-moore-regret-unsportsmanlike-penalty-falcons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers game&lt;/a&gt;, a penalty was called on DJ Moore for taking his helmet off while on the field. However, during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://thespun.com/nfl/refs-missed-big-penalty-in-bucs-vs-rams-finish&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Los Angeles Rams game&lt;/a&gt;, Jalen Ramsey was not penalized for taking off his helmet while on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the right call here, according to NFL rules? Is there a penalty for taking off your helmet during a game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T16:17:29.640" Title="What is the penalty for taking off your helmet in an NFL game?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28463" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-07T15:38:11.190" Score="3" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbcsports.com/washington/football-team/which-nfl-stadiums-have-artificial-turf-vs-real-grass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some teams play on artificial turf and others play on real grass.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While injuries happen throughout the league, anecdotally speaking, it seems like more injuries, especially ACL injuries, take place on artificial turf. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/cooper-kupp-says-nfl-should-not-play-games-on-turf-hands-down-we-should-be-playing-on-grass/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Some players&lt;/a&gt; expressed their concerns about playing on turf and prefer to play on grass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there data that confirms the number of injuries that take place on grass vs. turf?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-12-09T14:25:42.027" Title="Do artificial turf fields lead to more injuries than grass fields?" Tags="|nfl|injuries|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28462" CreationDate="2022-11-07T16:17:29.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 12, section 3, article 1;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. PROHIBITED ACTS. There shall be no unsportsmanlike conduct. This applies to any act which is contrary to the generally understood principles of sportsmanship. Such acts specifically include, among others:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(h) Removal of his helmet by a player in the field of play or the end zone during a celebration or demonstration, or during a confrontation with a game official or any other player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, just taking it off because your head is itchy will not generally be flagged, but doing so as part of a celebration or protest will be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether it should have been called in any one instance - no comment there, it's very much up to the referee's discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2022-11-07T16:17:29.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28466" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28468" CreationDate="2022-11-07T19:44:07.480" Score="1" ViewCount="816" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Indianapolis Colts just &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.colts.com/news/jeff-saturday-hired-interim-head-coach-pro-bowl-center-espn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;announced&lt;/a&gt; that Jeff Saturday will be their interim head coach. Saturday's only coaching experience is with a high school team. In the Super Bowl era (since 1967) has there ever been a head coach appointed with absolutely no coaching experience at the NFL, CFL or college level? I only found coaches with no NFL experience (but plenty of college experience) like Urban Meyer or Chip Kelly. Even coaches hired in their 30s (like Sean McVay) seem to have years of NFL experience as coordinator, position coach or assistant before getting a head coach job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17962" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-11-09T09:03:00.413" LastActivityDate="2022-11-09T09:03:00.413" Title="NFL head coach with no previous NFL, CFL or college coaching experience?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28467" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-08T02:16:38.380" Score="0" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;What exact part of the foot do you use to hit the ball. I've heard  that you should not juggle with the toes, so should you hit it with the instep, the soft side of the foot or the one slightly below the ankle which is a bit harder? It would be a great help if a picture or video is shown. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24546" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-11-10T10:32:49.723" LastActivityDate="2023-04-30T04:04:55.640" Title="What part of the foot do you hit the ball with when juggling a football?" Tags="|football|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28466" CreationDate="2022-11-08T16:23:34.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jeff Saturday is the first head coach to be hired to the NFL with no college or professional coaching experience since &lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2022/11/07/jeff-saturday-becomes-first-head-coach-with-no-college-or-pro-coaching-experience-in-61-years/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Norm Van Brocklin&lt;/a&gt; of the Minnesota Vikings in 1961.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Van Brocklin was the last former player with no college or pro coaching experience to become head coach before the Jeff Saturday hire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-11-08T16:23:34.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28463" CreationDate="2022-11-10T19:46:51.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/34982032/nfl-data-shows-recent-injury-rates-same-grass-artificial-turf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;data from IQVIA&lt;/a&gt;, a third-party company hired by the NFL and NFLPA, non-contact lower extremity injury rates to football players in 2021 were similar on artificial turf vs. grass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2019, incidents on turf were higher than grass (0.048 incidences per 100 vs. 0.036 incidences per 100) however since those rates have converged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25012" OwnerDisplayName="user24553" LastEditorUserId="25012" LastActivityDate="2022-11-10T19:46:51.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28477" CreationDate="2022-11-11T21:55:06.023" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2022/races/1137/brazil/qualifying.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sprint Qualifying for the 2022 São Paulo Grand Prix&lt;/a&gt;, Haas' Kevin Magnussen qualified in first place and his team mate, Mick Schumacher, qualified in 20th (last) place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While, admittedly, the final qualifying session was rain-affected, both drivers earned their position on pace alone - i.e. there were no mechanical issues or penalties applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever happened before, where a team qualifies both in first place and last place on actual driver lap times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarification: I'm not including qualifying position as determined by a Sprint Race, but rather the classic qualifying format(s) - and Sprint Qualifying (as in this case) can be included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-11-13T10:59:20.637" Title="Has a team qualified first and last on pace before?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-13T10:24:21.910" Score="1" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for the sport where the male-to-female ratio among its fans is the highest. I can find some statistics for individual sports (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134065/share-soccer-fans-gender/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Statista&lt;/a&gt; says the ratio for soccer fans is about 62%-38%) but not across most sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastActivityDate="2022-11-13T10:24:21.910" Title="Which sport has the most skewed gender ratio among its fanbase?" Tags="|trivia|gender|fans|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28473" CreationDate="2022-11-13T10:59:20.637" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Apparently not.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was discussed during Sky Sports' coverage of the sprint race. Ted Kravitz asked David Croft whether a team had ever qualified first and last before, and Croft listed two examples: the 2017 Brazilian Grand Prix, and the 2018 Monaco Grand Prix. In the former, Valtteri Bottas took pole, while Lewis Hamilton crashed in Q1 and never set a lap time; in the latter, Daniel Ricciardo took pole, while Max Verstappen crashed in FP3 and his car wasn't repaired in time for Q1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to prove a negative, and it wasn't stated whether those were the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; examples, so this is a tentative &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;, but nonetheless, my answer is &lt;strong&gt;no, this doesn't appear to have ever happened before&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-11-13T10:59:20.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28342" CreationDate="2022-11-17T10:58:43.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Closest Rule&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If none of the practice or qualifying sessions are held at all throughout the weekend, then the closest answer I found came from a couple of articles/posts mentioning an old version of the FIA's regulations (around 2016-2017, however I cannot find the exact regulations that cite this rule) &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.redbull.com/int-en/what-if...-qualifying-gets-cancelled&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/What-happens-when-qualifying-gets-cancelled-in-MotoGP-or-F1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;. The rule states that the grid order would be set based on the driver's numbers. This would put Max Verstappen on pole position if this happened in 2022 as he carries the #1. This rule made sense in the past as driver numbers were based on the constructor's finishing position in the previous season (drivers for P1 constructor got numbers 1 and 2, P2 got numbers 3 and 4, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as @ImClarky mentioned in his comment, qualifying would be delayed until the latest time possible to allow the grid to be set, even if it's the same morning of the race before the race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If none of the planned sessions (FP1/2/3 or Qualifications) can be held at all throughout the weekend (e.g., due to weather, an incident, external factors), then it is unlikely the race would go through. Realistically at least 1 of the planned sessions can be held, and in that case the times from those sessions would be used to set the grid, even if it's FP1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.redbull.com/int-en/what-if...-qualifying-gets-cancelled&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1. RedBull - What if... Qualifying gets cancelled&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/What-happens-when-qualifying-gets-cancelled-in-MotoGP-or-F1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2. What happens when qualifying gets cancelled in MotoGP or F1? - Karan Raj&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14017" LastEditorUserId="14017" LastEditDate="2022-11-17T13:56:54.813" LastActivityDate="2022-11-17T13:56:54.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28451" CreationDate="2022-11-20T15:04:43.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the end I bought some dog bells online and fashioned a 2x1 as in the image and hung 2 bells per string at varying lengths for him to jump and hit. A very amateur solution but it seems to be working so far and he seems to be enjoying it. It achieves the sport objective of helping him (1) practice jumping and (2) measure improvement over time as he moves to higher ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDBAzAabSpc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Slo-mo of the contraption in action&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pXPEh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pXPEh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;jumping bells&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="671" LastActivityDate="2022-11-20T15:04:43.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28487" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-23T09:59:07.743" Score="0" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm waiting on my first reactive ball to arrive, and in the meantime, I've been trying to hook a house ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can hook the ball easily (if not accurately) thumb out, but when I put my thumb in, I tend to torque out my middle finger. It feels very unnatural, and I feel the technique should ideally be rather smooth. I could be wrong but the pain suggests a lateral force which is being applied to my finger as I try to rotate my hand out from my body and around the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this because my fingers are too deep into the holes? I plan to get a fingertip pattern when my ball is drilled, but I'm hoping for some tips to improve my thumb-in efforts while I wait.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24604" LastActivityDate="2022-11-23T09:59:07.743" Title="Bowling: Middle finger pain hooking a house ball" Tags="|bowling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-24T18:45:50.683" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean to say that a quarterback completed x-for-y passes? That is different than the average yards per rush or yards per completion, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Background:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/entertainment/2018/january/tim-tebow-rsquo-s-nbsp-shocking-story-about-john-3-16-lsquo-coincidence-rsquo-goes-viral&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;One article&lt;/a&gt; states &amp;quot;During the game [Tebow] threw for 316 yards, [Tebow] yards per completion were 31.6, [Tebow] yards per rush were 3.16&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1019128-tim-tebow-and-john-316-scholars-new-sighting-from-the-broncos-vs-bears-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second article&lt;/a&gt;, states that Tim &amp;quot;Tebow's stats for the first three quarters. He completed [...] 3-for-16 passes&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/page/10spot-divisional/tim-tebow-phenomenon-gets-eerie--adam-schefter-10-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;third article&lt;/a&gt; states &amp;quot;Ben Roethlisberger's second-quarter interception, which led to a Matt Prater field goal and a 17-6 Broncos lead, came on third-and-16.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I ultimately want to know is whether the statistic &amp;quot;3-for-16 passes&amp;quot; of the second article and/or the statistic &amp;quot;third-and-16.&amp;quot; are included in the statistics of the first article. Are those different statistics (that just look so similar) or is there an overlap of information? With &amp;quot;overlap of information&amp;quot;, I mean that one statistic can be unambiguously calculated from the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by what ATCOlogy wrote, I would have to calculate 316 / 16 = 19.75, which would not match up with the &amp;quot;yards per completion were 31.6&amp;quot;. However, the first articles says &amp;quot;3-for-16&amp;quot; for the first three quarters, so maybe &amp;quot;316&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;31.6&amp;quot; were for the whole game and my calculation is off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24617" LastEditorUserId="24617" LastEditDate="2022-11-25T13:12:43.020" LastActivityDate="2022-11-27T21:52:41.307" Title="What does &quot;completed x-for-y passes&quot; mean?" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26485" CreationDate="2022-11-24T21:17:37.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The shuttle must pass over the net, the exception being if your opponents returns it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were to hit the shuttle out, but your opponent returns it and it catches the tramline down the same side then there is an instance whereby despite them hitting their shot into the court it is technically a fault under the rules of the game as the shuttle failed to travel over the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never seen anyone call this as a fault in practice however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24619" LastEditorUserId="24619" LastEditDate="2022-11-24T21:18:40.363" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T21:18:40.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28489" CreationDate="2022-11-24T23:12:09.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It indicated the number of passes completed and the total pass yards. For example: QB completed 20 passed for 300 yards. So in a sense it's a more explicit way of describing the yards per completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may also hear a more verbose version like this, completed 20 of 30, for 300 yards. In this case the pass attempts are also included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-11-24T23:12:09.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28489" CreationDate="2022-11-25T12:13:38.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the quarterback stats from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=bills%20lions%20box%20score#sie=m;/g/11szblsbwh;6;/m/059yj;dt;fp;1;;;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this game&lt;/a&gt; as an example, let's break this down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Josh Allen, the Bills QB, went &lt;strong&gt;24 for 42&lt;/strong&gt; in this game. That means he threw 42 passes, and 24 of those passes were completed (that is, caught by receivers on his own team). He threw for &lt;strong&gt;253 passing yards&lt;/strong&gt;, and since we know he completed 24 passes, his &lt;strong&gt;yards per completion&lt;/strong&gt; is 253 divided by 24, or about &lt;strong&gt;10.54 yards per completion&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Yards per rush&lt;/strong&gt; is unrelated to passing, but we can calculate that too: Allen attempted 10 carries, and gained a total of 78 &lt;strong&gt;rushing yards&lt;/strong&gt; doing so. 78 divided by 10 is &lt;strong&gt;7.8 yards per rush&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's check the stats for Jared Goff, the Lions QB. He threw 37 passes, completed 23 of them (&lt;strong&gt;23 for 37&lt;/strong&gt;), accumulating 240 &lt;strong&gt;passing yards&lt;/strong&gt;, or  about &lt;strong&gt;10.43 yards per completion&lt;/strong&gt;. Goff didn't attempt any carries, so we can't calculate yards per rush for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This use of &amp;quot;x-for-y&amp;quot; is common in several American sports (a baseball hitter who gets 1 hit in 4 at-bats goes &lt;strong&gt;1-for-4&lt;/strong&gt;, a basketball player who hits 8 shots out of 11 tries went &lt;strong&gt;8-for-11&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the article excerpts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first article refers to a statistical &lt;strong&gt;coincidence&lt;/strong&gt; (it's even in the title of the article!) that occurred with Tim Tebow. Tebow was a famously devout Christian, and John 3:16 is a significant Bible verse. According to the article, several of his stats and stats about a specific game generally ended up being 316, 3.16, 31.6, or something similar. The point of the story is that &lt;strong&gt;most of those stats are unrelated to each other&lt;/strong&gt;; none of them can be directly calculated from another. (Pass yards and yards per completion ARE related but you can't calculate yards per completion without also knowing the number of completions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second article is using my above definition of 3 for 16: &lt;strong&gt;3 completions out of 16 attempts&lt;/strong&gt;. (This is, for what it's worth, a subpar performance for a quarterback in most circumstances.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third article is referring to &lt;strong&gt;down and distance&lt;/strong&gt;. In American football, teams have four chances (&amp;quot;downs&amp;quot;) to gain ten yards from where they started. 3rd and 16 means a team is on its third of four chances, and need to gain 16 yards to reset those chances. It's not related to passing statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21709" LastEditorUserId="21709" LastEditDate="2022-11-27T21:52:41.307" LastActivityDate="2022-11-27T21:52:41.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24428" CreationDate="2022-11-25T16:41:11.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsIzDoZtVwY&amp;amp;t=22s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video&lt;/a&gt;, the issue with Mike Trout was his &amp;quot;cold weather bat&amp;quot; from the Northeast U.S., that scouts feared would not play well in (mostly) Sunbelt cities. This concern, as it turned out, was &amp;quot;irrevelant.&amp;quot; Trout's home park has been sunny Anaheim his whole career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2022-11-25T16:41:11.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28497" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28498" CreationDate="2022-11-26T05:45:30.747" Score="2" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;A batter hits the ball and runs from the striker’s end to the non-strikers end, he then leaves his ground looking for a second run, stops and tries to return to the non-strikers end but is run out at the non-strikers end. Does the run count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24630" LastActivityDate="2022-11-26T08:26:33.363" Title="Batter run out leaving ground after 1st run" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28497" CreationDate="2022-11-26T08:26:33.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. The completed run scores as if the batter had simply stopped running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 18 defines what a run is, and whether they are scored when a dismissal occurs. The relevant parts of law are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.1 A run&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The score shall be reckoned by runs.  A run is scored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.1.1&lt;/strong&gt; so often as the batter, at any time while the ball is in play, have crossed and made good their ground from end to end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.8 Runs scored when a batter​ is dismissed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a batter is dismissed, any runs for penalties awarded to either side shall stand.  No other runs shall be credited to the batting side, except as follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;18.8.2&lt;/strong&gt; If a batter is dismissed Run out, the batting side shall also score any runs completed before the wicket was put down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-11-26T08:26:33.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28527" CreationDate="2022-11-26T18:10:26.957" Score="1" ViewCount="2679" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been watching the 2022 FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even with all the noise coming from crowds and commentators, you still can hear the sound of the ball being kicked loud and clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the ball lands on a player's chest, it's still audible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can hardly hear players shouting, but the ball is very clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The microphones on the field should pick up all sounds, but they aren't, they only pick up the ball sounds. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13448" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-11-26T21:11:39.513" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T14:30:19.987" Title="Why can we hear the sound of the ball being kicked at the 2022 FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|football|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28502" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-11-28T01:02:20.770" Score="5" ViewCount="5293" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been seeing this photo on many pages on Facebook saying that FIFA World Cup balls are getting charged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard that the new balls have sensors but I really doubt they need a battery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are FIFA World Cup balls really and necessarily chargeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MEeNT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MEeNT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13448" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T06:58:02.310" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T06:58:02.310" Title="Are FIFA World Cup balls chargeable?" Tags="|football|equipment|world-cup|video-review|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28502" CreationDate="2022-11-28T04:55:40.307" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the balls do need charging for an internal energy source (i.e. a battery).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This battery is what powers some of the electronics and sensor equipment inside the ball, and of course the radio equipment used to send that data out for FIFA's video assistant referee to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.adidas.com/football/adidas-reveals-the-first-fifa-world-cup--official-match-ball-featuring-connected-ball-technology/s/cccb7187-a67c-4166-b57d-2b28f1d36fa0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;From the manufacturer, adidas,&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Connected ball technology comes to Al Rihla for sport’s biggest stage, providing the VAR team with precise ball data in real time to support fast and accurate offside calls&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A new adidas Suspension System will allow for the most time-precise motion sensor to ever be used inside a World Cup Official Match Ball, tracking every touch of the game at a rate of 500 times per second&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The 500Hz inertial measurement unit (IMU) motion sensor inside the ball will enable the collection of very accurate ball movement data and transmission to Video Match Officials within seconds throughout the tournament&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A new adidas Suspension System in the center of the ball hosts and stabilizes a 500Hz inertial measurement unit (IMU) motion sensor, which provides unprecedented insight into every element of the movement of the ball, while making this technology unnoticeable for players and not affecting its performance whatsoever. The sensor is powered by a rechargeable battery, which can be charged by induction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-11-28T04:55:40.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="268" CreationDate="2022-11-28T07:51:40.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the years since this question and its answers were posted, teams have begun guarding against the strategy mentioned in the question by having an additional player lie down behind the wall, blocking the gap that would otherwise be left behind when the wall jumps. This tactic seems to have originated in Brazilian league football (the earliest reference I can find is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.the42.ie/defender-lies-behind-wall-free-kick-video-1004920-Jul2013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from July 2013; the image below depicts Santa Cruz performing the trick in May 2016). It's now become fairly common, with multiple teams using the tactic during the 2022 FIFA World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mdzKt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mdzKt.png&quot; alt=&quot;Brazilian side Santa Cruz line up to defend a free kick, with five players forming a regular wall and one player lying behind it.&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer the question directly, the &amp;quot;best option for the defending team&amp;quot; is definitely to jump, and to have an additional player lying behind the wall to eliminate any possibility of the free kick being rolled under the wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-11-28T07:51:40.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28510" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28511" CreationDate="2022-11-29T16:49:14.363" Score="1" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;During Sunday's game (November 27, 2022, 2022 Week 12) between the Cincinnati and Tennessee, Derrick Henry fumbled the ball forward where it was recovered in the end zone by fellow Titan Treylon Burks and Tennessee was awarded a touchdown. (This happened with 11:18 to go in the second quarter and can be seen at about 3 minutes into this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtE1tju622I&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official highlight video&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was this ruled a touchdown? I thought forward fumbles into the end zone were &amp;quot;banned&amp;quot; after the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roller_(American_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Holy Roller&lt;/a&gt; (see also this question of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Are-NFL-players-allowed-to-purposely-fumble-the-ball-forward-in-order-to-give-it-to-a-teammate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quora&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24644" LastActivityDate="2022-11-29T22:43:46.083" Title="Derrick Henry forward fumble into end zone" Tags="|rules|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28510" CreationDate="2022-11-29T18:09:29.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, this is covered by Rule 8, Section 7, Article 3, item 1, with some other bits supporting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8-7-3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Item 1. Recovery and Advance.&lt;/strong&gt;  Any player of either team may recover or&#xA;catch a fumble and advance, either before or after the ball strikes&#xA;the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exceptions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Fourth-down fumble. See 8-7-5 below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Fumble after two-minute&#xA;warning. See 8-7-6 below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As this was not on fourth down, after the two minute warning, or during a try (which is mentioned in 8-7-6), no exceptions apply and the fumble may be recovered and advanced by any player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2022-11-29T22:43:46.083" LastActivityDate="2022-11-29T22:43:46.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28514" CreationDate="2022-11-30T19:06:37.733" Score="1" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there is a rotation of bowl games that are used for the college football playoff. But once the three are selected for semis and final, how is it determined which of the semi final locations used for 1 vs 4 and 2 vs 3 respectively. A friend told me that number 1 seed gets to choose location but I can't find anything to back that up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24647" LastEditorUserId="9690" LastEditDate="2022-12-06T18:57:41.787" LastActivityDate="2022-12-06T18:57:41.787" Title="How are the bowls matched to the seeds for semi finals in college playoff?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28512" CreationDate="2022-11-30T19:28:19.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a specific rule or process that I found, but an old report says that the main factor is to prevent the higher seed from playing in an unfavorable environment and will be chosen by the committee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2013/04/24/college-football-playoff-questions-and-answers/2111419/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2013 USA Today&lt;/a&gt; piece by Dan Wolken (it is unclear to me what sources were used for the answers):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q: How will geography factor in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: The selection committee's goal will be to protect the top two seeds&#xA;from playing in road environments in semifinal games. For instance, if&#xA;Southern Cal was the No. 1 seed and LSU was the No. 4 in 2014, that&#xA;semifinal could be played in the Rose Bowl but not the Sugar Bowl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2021/11/01/behind-the-scenes-college-football-playoff-selection-committee/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cronkite News&lt;/a&gt; has a piece from 2021 by Shawn DePaz with similar information, but makes explicit that the schools themselves do not have choice or input:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goal for bowl selection is to give the higher ranked team the most&#xA;advantageous location possible. This is more or less based on the&#xA;location’s proximity to the school and the ability for the team’s fans&#xA;to attend the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This led to an interesting situation where we had to decide to place&#xA;LSU versus Oklahoma either in the Cotton Bowl at AT&amp;amp;T Stadium in&#xA;Arlington, Texas or at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Fla.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This became a major point of contention for the mock committee&#xA;because, in a vacuum, Arlington was a much better location for LSU&#xA;than Miami. Some members noted Arlington’s proximity to Baton Rouge&#xA;and the established LSU supporter base in the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, Arlington is also very advantageous for Oklahoma,&#xA;not only because of its proximity but because Oklahoma would have just&#xA;played in the same stadium at the Big 12 Championship game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our committee ultimately decided to place the matchup in Miami in&#xA;order to strip Oklahoma of the advantage they might receive in&#xA;Arlington, but the discussion revealed what several of the mock&#xA;committee members saw as a glaring error in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, this decision is being made by people who do not actually&#xA;play in the game. It is very possible that, in this specific&#xA;situation, LSU may have preferred to play in Arlington and paid no&#xA;mind to the potential advantage Oklahoma may have had. The current&#xA;process, however, gives members no way of knowing that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was suggested that the committee could seek input from the schools.&#xA;Barta ultimately dismissed the idea, saying that it could lead to&#xA;gamesmanship from the schools or the actual bowls attempting to&#xA;unfairly incentivize schools to select them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-11-30T19:28:19.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28512" CreationDate="2022-11-30T19:57:24.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was able to find an &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; answer the &lt;a href=&quot;https://collegefootballplayoff.com/sports/2016/10/24/selection-committee-protocol&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;College Football Playoff site&lt;/a&gt;. Under 'Pairings for Semifinals' they have called out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When assigning teams to sites, the committee will place the top two seeds at the most advantageous sites, weighing criteria such as convenience of travel for its fans, home‐crowd advantage or disadvantage and general familiarity with the host city and its stadium. Preference will go to the No. 1 seed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24647" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T12:34:14.290" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T12:34:14.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28467" CreationDate="2022-12-01T02:58:26.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not an expert but from years of experience I would say between the hard part of the top of your foot and your toes. So approximately near the balls of your feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally though, I would say just practice holding the ball in two hands and dropping in onto your feet, trying to kick it gently back up to your hands while generating backspin. I think once you can continuously get this backspin on in, you should have found the correct place to make contact with the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also don't forget to practice this with both feet as it will improve your control/ touch, balance and feel for the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24648" LastActivityDate="2022-12-01T02:58:26.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28516" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-01T03:25:51.743" Score="0" ViewCount="1114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Multiple times against the same striker in a casual game, he ran straight at me (defender who has played international tournaments) at fast speed and did a last minute slight direction change. I have fast reflexes + predicted it + the ball a bit out of his control/about 2 meters in front of him due to speed + direction change was very slight and still close enough to me so I barely had to move my leg to the side.&#xA;I put my foot behind the ball zooming past me, stopping it dead... he then continued his run trying to dribble the ball at speed. However, when he made next contact with the stationary ball which I had stopped with my foot behind it, he tripped over it and went flying as if he had kicked a brick at full pace. Absolutely 0% contact with my leg, it was 100% ball contact. &lt;em&gt;whistle blows&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened 3 times in the same game, same reckless striker relying on speed to get past but not changing direction enough to kick the ball past me, however I was the one who got penalised all 3 times. However, I feel this is wrong because I was in full control as a defender with perfect timing to stop the balls, and barely counts as a tackle on him anyway since the ball was a few meters in front of him. He was the one charging in my direction and not in control which is the only reason he went flying after tripping over the ball which I personally felt had converted to my control since it was dead at my feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thoughts? or do I have this wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24649" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-12-01T03:30:40.273" LastActivityDate="2024-02-11T14:00:45.067" Title="Can I cause a foul in soccer/football if contact is only made with the ball and not the player?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28516" CreationDate="2022-12-01T10:11:03.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt; you can commit a foul without touching your opponent and even playing the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;12.2 Playing in a dangerous manner&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Playing in a dangerous manner is any action that, while trying to play&#xA;the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself)&#xA;and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for&#xA;fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you stop the ball dead with your sole towards your opponent you risk them breaking their leg. Playing like this gets whistled off even without hitting your opponent. And doing this with a sliding tackle is a straight red card. The distance to the other player isn't much. 2 meters at full speed are two steps at best and it's pretty much impossible to stop to zero from there. They could have changed direction, but even then would probably have had enough velocity to run into you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer on your incident (personal opinion)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hard to tell from plain text, but I'd say you possibly violated Law 12 at least once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="7723" LastEditDate="2023-04-17T09:57:48.463" LastActivityDate="2023-04-17T09:57:48.463" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28522" CreationDate="2022-12-01T22:53:23.743" Score="8" ViewCount="3352" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2022 FIFA World Cup match between Japan and Spain, Japan's second goal, scored by Ao Tanaka, was scored after the ball had seemingly gone out of play and been dragged back in by Kaoru Mitoma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/juIPs.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/juIPs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was this goal deemed to be valid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22245" LastEditorUserId="13733" LastEditDate="2022-12-03T23:51:21.177" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T05:28:17.767" Title="Why was Japan's second goal in the WC 2022 Japan-Spain match deemed to be valid?" Tags="|football|officiating|world-cup|video-review|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28518" CreationDate="2022-12-02T09:27:51.073" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Law 9.1 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball is out of play when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it has &lt;strong&gt;wholly&lt;/strong&gt; passed over the goal line or touchline on the ground or in the air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the angle shown in the question, it does indeed seem as though the ball is out of play. However, from this aerial view, we can see that part of the ball is still just barely &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; the line, not over it. As a result, the ball is still in play, and the goal is valid. It's really, &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; close, I grant you, but I think the right call was made as per the Laws of the Game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iK4cg.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iK4cg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-12-02T09:27:51.073" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28540" CreationDate="2022-12-02T10:30:57.407" Score="0" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Follow-up of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/28518/1832&quot;&gt;Why was Japan&amp;#39;s second goal deemed to be valid?&lt;/a&gt;: do the 2022 FIFA World Cup ball sensors track the ball's location, and if so, how accurate is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2022-12-02T12:25:41.247" LastActivityDate="2022-12-05T04:47:51.333" Title="Do the 2022 FIFA World Cup ball sensors track the ball's location, and if so, how accurate is it?" Tags="|football|world-cup|video-review|technology|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28518" CreationDate="2022-12-02T12:19:36.533" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;See this &lt;a href=&quot;https://mobile.twitter.com/FIFAcom/status/1598702362243104768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1598702362243104768%7Ctwgr%5Eddb8d45507cc76312f1a93a6c554ad1e932e76e8%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Ffifa-world-cup%2Fstory%2F4822287%2Fwhy-japans-winning-goal-vs-spain-was-awarded-by-the-var&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweet&lt;/a&gt; for the video that match officials used the goal line camera images to check whether the ball was still partially on the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://redd.it/za20rz&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://redd.it/za20rz&lt;/a&gt; shows that the ball was still in the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nj00V.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nj00V.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/nlevett/status/1598424792436293632&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweet&lt;/a&gt; shows a nice simulation to understand 3D:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PF621.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PF621.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T05:28:17.767" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T05:28:17.767" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28523" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28532" CreationDate="2022-12-02T17:15:03.670" Score="3" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has there ever been 3 (or more) goals in the same match with not only had the same scorer for each, but where all assisted by the same player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other-words a hat-trick for both goals and assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm only counting fully professional matches OR internationals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23888" LastEditorUserId="23888" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T16:09:02.447" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T17:06:53.050" Title="Has there ever been 3 goals in the same match with the same scorer and assister?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28525" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-02T22:39:00.083" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a fielder jumps from outside the boundary rope to save Six, while he was in air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be six or fielder has save the six?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24659" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-12-02T22:55:31.527" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T00:33:31.370" Title="Six or fielder has saved the six" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2022-12-03T00:40:25.297" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28525" CreationDate="2022-12-03T00:33:31.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be 6 runs, as to be considered to be inside the field of play the fielders last contact with the ground must have been inside the boundary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/boundaries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 19.4 and 19.5&lt;/a&gt; are the relevant sections in law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T00:33:31.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28499" CreationDate="2022-12-03T14:30:19.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tl;dr summary&lt;/strong&gt;: A lot of highly-directional microphones specifically for picking up the sound of the ball, mixed automatically based on live ball tracking data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The microphones on the field should pick up all sounds, but they aren't, they only pick up the ball sounds. Why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a number of microphones whose sole job it is to pick up the sound of the ball, nothing more. These microphones are typically &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#shotgun&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;highly directional &amp;quot;shotgun&amp;quot; type microphones&lt;/a&gt; that are designed to pick up sound mostly coming from directly in front of them and reject sound coming from the sides or behind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shotgun_microphone.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Shotgun_microphone.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Example of a shotgun microphone&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Example of a shotgun microphone. (Audio-Technica AT815a shotgun microphone from the 1990s.)—Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shotgun_microphone.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Popular ones are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en-de.neumann.com/kmr-82-i&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Neumann KMR-82i&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href=&quot;https://schoeps.de/en/products/shotgun-microphones/cmit-series&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schoeps CMIT series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA matches use at least 12 microphones solely for &lt;em&gt;close ball mixing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These microphones are mounted in regular intervals around the pitch, facing inwards. There are also microphones mounted on the sideline cameras and goal cameras, under the assumption that those cameras will mostly be pointed towards the ball. They might also be mounted on robotic rotating stands, although that is uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;simple&amp;quot; problem now is to mute all the microphones except the one that is pointing the most closely and the most directly at the ball, and to constantly adjust the levels of the microphones as the ball is moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, it was the job of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;audio engineer&lt;/a&gt; (or an assistant) to always follow the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, there are &lt;a href=&quot;https://lawo.com/products/kick/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;automated systems for close ball mixing which can support the audio engineer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These systems know where the microphones are placed, what kind of microphones they are (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#Capsule_design_and_directivity&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;directivity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#Polar_patterns&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;polar pattern&lt;/a&gt;, etc.), and where they are pointed. These parameters are configured before the beginning of the match (or, for the camera-mounted microphones, the system just assumes that the camera is pointing towards the ball or it can even get more accurate information from sensors on the camera). The system could even point the microphones itself by using robotic rotating mounts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a lot of cases, no configuration is necessary because the exact placement, configuration, and sometimes even brand and type of the microphones are standardized and enforced by the promoter of the match (e.g. FIFA, UEFA, DFL). For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://dfl.de/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;German Football League&lt;/a&gt;'s subsidiary &lt;a href=&quot;https://dfl.de/en/about/subsidiaries/about-sportcast-gmbh/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sportcast&lt;/a&gt;, which acts as Host Broadcaster for &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bundesliga2&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DFL-Supercup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;DFL-Supercup&lt;/a&gt; not only specifies the exact number and placement of microphones, but also &lt;a href=&quot;https://dfl.de/en/innovation/bundesliga-the-worlds-first-league-to-use-automated-audio-mixing/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mandates the use of a particular brand of close ball mixing system&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the match, the system constantly receives a stream of tracking data from a tracking system, i.e. the same system that is used to, e.g., display stats about how many kilometers each player has traveled, possession percentage, etc. Through this tracking data, the system always knows exactly where the ball is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can see an example of such a system in action, using 12 static, non-moving microphones. The yellow points are the referees, the red ones the players, and the white point is the ball. The white arrow indicates the velocity vector of the ball. The 12 circles are the microphones, the &amp;quot;fill&amp;quot; of the circles indicates the level of this particular microphone at any point in time. The level is also indicated by the number inside the circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://vimeo.com/436836399&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lawo Kick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a marketing-focused high-level explanation and demonstration of such a system, given at the introduction of the product. Here you see an example of rotating microphones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/FMxGA4TYWcY?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is an example of a close ball mixing system controlling robotic rotating microphone mounts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/2fOObYTTmmo?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that to my knowledge, such robotic mounts are not actually in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certain Quality Control parameters that these systems are optimized for. For example, the avoidance of a &lt;em&gt;double event&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. when different microphones at different distances pick up the sound at different times, which leads to the audience hearing the kick twice. This is practically unavoidable when controlling the levels by a human, because a human typically cannot react quickly enough. However, with an automated system, you can ensure that either only one microphone is active, or only microphones which are the same distance from the ball are active. You can also automatically add a bit of delay to the closer microphones, so the sound still arrives at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What we mentioned up until now, is only how to &lt;em&gt;isolate&lt;/em&gt; the sound of the ball. But there is also an aspect of &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_design&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;sound design&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; the ball sounds. For the sound design, traditional techniques are used, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalization_(audio)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;equalization&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_unit&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;audio effects&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, there are two main components to the sound of the ball being kicked: a high-frequency &amp;quot;klicking&amp;quot; sound that gives the listener precise timing information as to when, exactly, the boot / head / chest / goalpost and the ball make contact, and a low-frequency &amp;quot;thud&amp;quot; that gives the sound its &amp;quot;fatness&amp;quot; and indicates how hard and how precise the ball was hit. By emphasizing the specific frequencies for those two components and reducing other frequencies, the sound of the ball can be &amp;quot;shaped&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;larger than life&amp;quot; and at the same time even further reduce other noise that might be captured by the close ball microphones. An audio engineer might even use a so-called sub-harmonic synthesizer (such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://refusesoftware.com/lowender&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reFuse Software's Lowender&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://waves.com/plugins/loair&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Waves' LoAir&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://waves.com/plugins/submarine&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Submarine&lt;/a&gt;) which synthesizes additional bass frequencies that are not actually present in the signal itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I happen to be employed by &lt;a href=&quot;https://lawo.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lawo, the manufacturer of the afore-mentioned KICK close ball mixing system&lt;/a&gt;. However, I only work with the video products, have nothing to do with KICK, and only joined after KICK had already been introduced into the market.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I am a semi-professional live sound engineer, although I have nothing to do with broadcast or sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the information used in this answer is from public sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T14:30:19.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28529" CreationDate="2022-12-03T18:35:57.640" Score="2" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 2022 Qatar World Cup, not a single team managed to win their 3 games in the group stage and earn 9 points. Thinking back, I can't recall any world cup which I remember that this happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the current format of 32 teams in 8 groups of 4, with a round robin between teams of each group was adopted, how many times not a single team won all their 3 group stage games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T21:11:11.160" Title="When was the last time no team won 3 games in a world cup group stage?" Tags="|football|trivia|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28528" CreationDate="2022-12-03T19:14:14.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unsurprisingly, the answer is &amp;quot;never&amp;quot;; in fact, all the 32 team World Cups have included at least two 3 game winners:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/a&gt;, Uruguary, Croatia and Belgium won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/a&gt;, Netherlands, Colombia, Argentina and Belgium won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/a&gt;, Argentina and Netherlands won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, Germany, Portugal, Brazil and Spain won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/a&gt;, Spain and Brazil won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;, France and Argentina won 3 games.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World Cups from 1994 and earlier featured fewer than 32 teams, although perhaps notably none of the 24 teams in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1994 edition&lt;/a&gt; won 3 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-12-03T21:11:11.160" LastActivityDate="2022-12-03T21:11:11.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28541" CreationDate="2022-12-04T01:29:47.457" Score="0" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;Follow-up of &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/28518/1832&quot;&gt;Why was Japan&amp;#39;s second goal in the WC 2022 Japan-Spain match deemed to be valid?&lt;/a&gt;: are the actual lines on the ground defined by the actual white paint on the grass or by some laser beam (or some other way)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2022-12-05T04:50:56.880" Title="Are the actual lines on the ground defined by the actual white paint on the grass or by some laser beam?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14511" CreationDate="2022-12-04T09:05:15.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any player can play in goal provided he or she wears a distinguishing jersey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this used regulary to happen in the days before substitutes were allowed. Even when a player was injured no substitute could be brought on, prior to about 1966. Indeed I believe when England won the World Cup in 1966, substitutes were still not allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where a goalkeeper had to go off, an outfield player would take over the gloves and jersey and go in goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a goalkeeper, where only slightly injured, would go on to play as an outfielder as a makeweight, while someone else took over the goal.That happened in the 1957 English cup final.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Manchester United goalkeeper, Ray Wood, had his jaw broken in the sixth minute. He had to come out of goal, but came back on as a winger. The following is taken from Wood's obituary in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jul/09/guardianobituaries.football?CMP=gu_com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Guardian newspaper of 9 July 2002&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that 1957 Cup Final, United faced Aston Villa, and were strong&#xA;favourites. They would surely have won had Wood not been so severely&#xA;fouled. Today, a substitute goalkeeper could have come on, but there&#xA;were no permitted substitutes in those days, and Wood eventually&#xA;returned to the field with his arm strapped up, to limp along the left&#xA;wing. The game was only six minutes old when Peter McParland, Villa's&#xA;outside-left, closed in to meet a cross from the right with his head,&#xA;some 12 yards out. Wood caught the ball without difficulty and, in&#xA;normal circumstances, would simply have cleared it upfield or thrown&#xA;it to a colleague. McParland, however, came hurtling at him, failed to&#xA;make contact, turned back, and crashed into the unfortunate Wood, who&#xA;collapsed in agony, his jaw bone broken. Jackie Blanchflower went in&#xA;goal, but Villa won 2-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastEditorUserId="11901" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T09:23:09.473" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T09:23:09.473" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28523" CreationDate="2022-12-04T17:06:53.050" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a Premier League match between Tottenham Hotspur and Southampton, in September 2020, Son Heung-Min scored four goals for Tottenham, with Harry Kane assisting all four. You can find the match report &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/58914&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T17:06:53.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-04T18:37:15.193" Score="2" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;In college football, is the ball considered live or dead if it hasn’t hit the ground but bounces off the helmet of a downed player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24671" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2022-12-04T19:31:36.537" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T20:26:09.610" Title="Is the ball live or dead when it bounces off a downed player's helmet?" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28533" CreationDate="2022-12-04T19:50:19.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this in the context of a forward pass, or just a loose ball?  Either way it shouldn't matter (and for a loose ball, even hitting the ground shouldn't matter).  The ball should remain live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR22.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA 2022 rule book&lt;/a&gt;, conditions where the ball becomes dead is covered by Rule 4, Section 1, Article 3, &amp;quot;Ball Declared Dead&amp;quot;.  That contains 18 separate points that cause a dead ball to occur.  None of them relate to touching a player (except that item &amp;quot;a&amp;quot; (out of bounds), is later defined to be possible as touching an out-of-bounds player).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the other dead ball scenarios involving a player refer only to the ball carrier.  Touching some other player does not create a dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is a forward pass, touching a player but not the ground does not make it incomplete (item &amp;quot;i&amp;quot;.  See also 7-3-7-a for rules of an incomplete pass).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is a fumble, then normally the ball must be recovered by a player or go out of bounds before becoming dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-12-04T19:50:19.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28539" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-04T21:57:57.370" Score="1" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a Toldeo / Mid-American Conference fan, and just interested in what was the last match up (before December 2022) between two ranked MAC teams?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24675" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-12-05T14:41:06.133" LastActivityDate="2023-12-30T17:00:40.120" Title="When was the last matchup between ranked MAC football teams?" Tags="|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28521" CreationDate="2022-12-05T04:47:51.333" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/28503/1832&quot;&gt;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/28503/1832&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.adidas.com/football/adidas-reveals-the-first-fifa-world-cup--official-match-ball-featuring-connected-ball-technology/s/cccb7187-a67c-4166-b57d-2b28f1d36fa0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From the manufacturer, Adidas&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Connected ball technology comes to Al Rihla for sport’s biggest stage, providing the VAR team with precise ball data in real time to support fast and accurate offside calls&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this &lt;a href=&quot;https://mobile.twitter.com/FIFAcom/status/1598702362243104768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1598702362243104768%7Ctwgr%5Eddb8d45507cc76312f1a93a6c554ad1e932e76e8%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Ffifa-world-cup%2Fstory%2F4822287%2Fwhy-japans-winning-goal-vs-spain-was-awarded-by-the-var&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tweet&lt;/a&gt; on the 2022 FIFA World Cup match between Japan and Spain shows the video that match officials used the goal line camera images to check whether the ball was still partially on the line. But no ball sensors are mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2022-12-05T04:47:51.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28530" CreationDate="2022-12-05T04:50:56.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/worldcup/comments/zc03c5/are_the_actual_lines_on_the_ground_defined_by_the/iyud636/?context=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/worldcup/comments/zc03c5/are_the_actual_lines_on_the_ground_defined_by_the/iyud636/?context=3&lt;/a&gt;,  the actual lines on the ground defined by the actual white paint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2022-12-05T04:50:56.880" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28539" CreationDate="2022-12-05T04:55:24.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I found, the last time two ranked MAC opponents faced was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_MAC_Championship_Game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 MAC Championship Game&lt;/a&gt; between Northern Illinois and Kent State, with Northern Illinois winning the thrilling 2OT game!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24676" LastActivityDate="2022-12-05T04:55:24.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28544" CreationDate="2022-12-06T01:31:48.060" Score="1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I see this standings of the South Korean football league,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.soccerstats.com/latest.asp?league=southkorea&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.soccerstats.com/latest.asp?league=southkorea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see the Championship group and the Relegation group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-12-06T01:36:44.220" Title="How does South Korean football league work?" Tags="|football|relegations|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28543" CreationDate="2022-12-06T01:36:44.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The top division league of South Korea consists of 12 teams.&#xA;They play 33 games first in a round-robin format, three games with each team.&#xA;Then the teams are split into two groups, one with the top six teams and the other with the bottom six teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They play five more games within the split group so the total is 38 games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 2022, the top team in the Championship group goes to the AFC Champions League group stage, and the 2nd and the 3rd team go to the AFC Champions League qualification play-off.&#xA;The bottom team in the Relegation group (overall 12th) is relegated to the K League 2 in the next season.&#xA;The 4th and 5th teams in the Relegation Group (overall 10th and 11th)  play a promotion-relegation play-off game with teams from K League 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-12-06T01:36:44.220" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28545" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28548" CreationDate="2022-12-06T02:16:24.543" Score="3" ViewCount="1520" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard that a North Korean team played in the AFC Cup, which is a second-tier club competition in Asia.&#xA;However, I have never seen a North Korean club playing in the AFC Champions League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason that they don't play in the Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="24452" LastEditDate="2022-12-10T19:48:46.853" LastActivityDate="2022-12-10T19:48:46.853" Title="Can a North Korean team play in the AFC Champions League?" Tags="|football|afc|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-06T04:13:00.980" Score="1" ViewCount="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've watched a lot of YouTube videos about bowling a hook ball, but there's one aspect I'm still unclear on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When bowling a hook ball, should my thumb exit prior to or during outward rotation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, should I commence outward rotation with my thumb still in the ball, or should my fingertips/palm be the sole points of contact during this phase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24604" LastActivityDate="2022-12-06T04:13:00.980" Title="Bowling: Thumb exit point" Tags="|bowling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28545" CreationDate="2022-12-06T05:53:45.183" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not, as one might presume, because they did not qualify!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The AFC Champions League provides for the top twelve associations in each region to receive team entries, with the rating based on matches in the preceding four years at the time of assignment. For the 2022 ACL, this was the period 2016-2019 including the previous ACL and AFC Cup, up to 29 November 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Korea DPR obtained just over 30 points and were thus ranked seventh in the East Region, twelfth overall in the AFC. This entitled them to &amp;quot;one direct slot&amp;quot;, that is, to have one team start at the group stage of the tournament rather than play through qualifying stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the team that would be entered would declared ineligible as they do not have an AFC license; Korea DPR FA did not implement the license system requirements and therefore the entry is instead awarded to another team (details are irrelevant here), with the substituted qualifying entry also annulled due to requirements not met.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, they could and should be, based on performance, but will not be, based on technical requirements not met.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-12-06T05:53:45.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28545" CreationDate="2022-12-07T01:47:02.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The top-tier countries like South Korea or Iran have spots only in the AFC Champions League. Developing countries have spots only in the AFC Cup. Countries somewhere in the middle of them may have spots both in the Champions League and the AFC Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The AFC distributes spots for the ACL and the AFC Cup separately for the east and west region. In each region, clubs from the top five associations have spots only in the ACL. From sixth to twelfth, they have spots both in the ACL and the AFC Cup. The clubs from the thirteenth and below associations go to the AFC Cup only. The rank of Korea DPR is 7th in the east for the 23-24 season and 9th for the 24-25 season. So they have spots in both competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;DPRK clubs didn't participate in the AFC club competitions in recent few years due to the COVID-19 issue. As another answer mentioned, they did not get the club license from the AFC, so it is not sure whether they would participate even after the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned, the North Korean clubs have never participated in the ACL but did in the AFC Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Detailed regulations for the AFC Club Licensing can be found here.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/club-licensing/AFC-Club-Licensing-Regulations-2022.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/club-licensing/AFC-Club-Licensing-Regulations-2022.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-12-07T01:47:02.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28550" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28551" CreationDate="2022-12-07T16:23:11.243" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the final games of the group stages at the Qatar 2022 World Cup, for 3 brief minutes in Group E, both Spain and Germany were in line to be knocked out of the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During those 3 minutes, with the scores being Costa Rica 2-1 Germany; Japan 2-1 Spain - the &amp;quot;As it stands&amp;quot; Group E table looked like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Group E&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;P&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;W&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;D&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;L&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;GD&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Pts&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Costa Rica&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Spain&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;+6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would have been remarkable in of itself, but even more so that Spain had a +6 goal difference, mostly coming from their 7-0 demolition of Costa Rica in the opening round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the highest Goal Difference a team has had and also been knocked out of the World Cup at the group stages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-12-07T17:01:44.533" Title="Highest Goal Difference to be knocked out of the World Cup at the Group Stage" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28550" CreationDate="2022-12-07T17:01:44.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hungary at the 1982 World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. They beat El Salvador 10-1 in their first match - the largest ever margin of victory at a World Cup - but then lost 4-1 to Argentina and drew 1-1 with Belgium, which meant they finished 3rd in the group with a goal difference of +6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-12-07T17:01:44.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28553" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-07T19:15:52.777" Score="2" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Background: Last year, I ran a 17:30 XC 5k, a 4:53 mile, a 2:08 800m and a 58s 400m. Using an age graded calculator, it appears my performance increases relatively up to the 800, and then drops off at the 4. In other words, 800 is my best event, and also happens to be the one I enjoy the most. I’ve been a distance runner since middle school, and used to train solely for the 16 and 8, with the occasional workout tailored to the 8, such as split 800s and 200’s. I’ve read that the 800 is beginning to be thought of more as a long sprint; after all, it uses about the same amount of anaerobic energy systems as aerobic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve taken it upon myself to train with the sprinters for the indoor season, weightlifting including weighted explosive half squats, arm swings, deadlifts, leg press among other things. We also run stairs a couple times a week: about 80 to 100 flights. Finally, this includes 30s hills with longer recoveries than I’m used to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question:&#xA;Am I training optimally for the 800, taking into account I have a relatively strong cardiovascular base from XC and all my prior distance running? Is this better suited for say, the 500?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I’m thinking about doing an indoor pentathlon for fun, as I have experience in all the events except 60m hurdles. It seems this training would be beneficial?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24684" LastActivityDate="2022-12-07T19:15:52.777" Title="Optimal training advice for 800 meter runner?" Tags="|running|track-and-field|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28463" CreationDate="2022-12-09T14:25:42.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2022/11/14/research-shows-statistically-significant-higher-risk-of-lower-extremity-injuries-on-slit-film-turf/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; from Pro Football Talk, data shows “slit-film has a statistically significant higher risk of LEX [lower extremity] injury than the League average,” and “models suggest there are 2-3 more non-contact lower extremity injuries per season per stadium on slit film surfaces than other types of synthetic turf fields.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24452" LastActivityDate="2022-12-09T14:25:42.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28560" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-09T20:38:46.533" Score="3" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed players standing in a line to block free kicks in the World Cup, with some teams choosing to have a player lay along the ground to block lower shots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules preventing teams from stacking players? For example: 3 players standing as the base holding 2 players elevated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize it may not be the greatest strategy for defending, but is it allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24692" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-09T20:59:08.840" LastActivityDate="2024-01-04T00:07:20.897" Title="Can defenders hold each other in the air at a free kick?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28560" CreationDate="2022-12-09T21:18:58.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe there is anything in the Laws of the Game (most likely &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#disciplinary-action&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.3 &amp;quot;Disciplinary Action&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;) which would &lt;em&gt;specifically&lt;/em&gt; forbid this; Law 12.3 does include the catch-all allowing a player to be cautioned if they &amp;quot;show a lack of respect for the game&amp;quot; which a referee could use if they felt it necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the rules for sports in general don't need to include things forbidding behaviour which is likely to result to degrade a team/player's performance because there's no need for it unless people are being deliberately silly - in which case the &amp;quot;lack of respect for the game&amp;quot; clause does come into play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-12-09T21:18:58.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28563" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-10T12:34:10.233" Score="0" ViewCount="1151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found 3 different statistics for Pelé assists in world cups. One puts him as the all time top assist provider, another with a shared record, and another with no record at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This source, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsadda.com/football/features/most-assists-in-fifa-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Most assists in FIFA world cup&lt;/a&gt; says he has 8 assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This source, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.besoccer.com/competition/historical-ranking/world_cup/2018/assists&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Historical ranking&lt;/a&gt; says he has 6 assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This source, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/5-world-cup-records-both-cristiano-ronaldo-and-lionel-messi-will-never-break&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5 World Cup records both Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi will never break&lt;/a&gt; says he has 10 assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many assists does he really have? Is there an official source?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="11602" LastEditDate="2023-01-11T20:47:04.213" LastActivityDate="2024-02-02T04:19:30.917" Title="How many assists did Pelé give in world cups?" Tags="|football|statistics|world-cup|" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28565" CreationDate="2022-12-10T21:17:10.697" Score="-2" ViewCount="616" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have observed consistently that as soon as a team is knocked out of the World Cup, they are immediately flown away from the host nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do players leave the host nation as soon as their team is eliminated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22245" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-10T23:36:28.390" LastActivityDate="2022-12-13T11:06:45.767" Title="Why do players leave the World Cup host nation as soon as their team is eliminated?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28564" CreationDate="2022-12-11T09:58:00.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two main reasons for this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Domestic competitions are paused for the World Cup, but will resume shortly (some of them &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63843375&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;already have&lt;/a&gt;, in fact). Clubs want their players back, so they can re-integrate into the squad and not miss any games, and players want to turn their attention to the competition(s) that they actually &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; still competing in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They don't really want to stick around. As you noted in your initial draft of the question, being eliminated from the World Cup is emotionally painful, and staying to watch the teams who are left wouldn't really help with that. They'd just be sitting there thinking, &amp;quot;That should be us&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-12-11T09:58:00.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28568" CreationDate="2022-12-12T05:32:51.607" Score="-2" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, when one team is dominating in attack, it's not uncommon to see that team have almost all of its players up forward, and the defending team all staying on their half. This is especially common when, say, a team is 1-0 down in the dying moments of a critical game and is desperately trying to get an equalizer.&#xA;My question is, have &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the players on the pitch, including the goalkeepers, ever been on the same half of the field at the same time. (Still include instances where some of the&#xA;players have been sent off. Players swarming the referee to protest a decision, or penalty shootouts, do not count.)&#xA;If there are such instances, when/where was it, how long did it last, and what was the context of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24706" LastActivityDate="2022-12-12T16:01:55.020" Title="In a soccer/football game, have all 22 players ever been on the same half of the pitch at the same time?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28567" CreationDate="2022-12-12T11:18:07.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context would be a match where losing by two goals is no worse than losing by one goal. Knockout matches like the FA Cup, or league matches towards the end of the season where a win or a draw (or goal difference) is vital for survival/promotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KejwqhLDeOs&amp;amp;ab_channel=WOODDDDDDDYASOCCER&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The goalkeeper Jimmy Glass scoring for Carlisle to keep them in the league.&lt;/a&gt; I think I have correctly counted 22 players in the same half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/1yON3ySblWQ?t=1058&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Peter Schmeichel came up for the first corner (equalizing goal) in the 1999 Champions League final as well&lt;/a&gt;. Losing 2-0 would have been no worse than losing 1-0 so the keeper and the team had nothing to lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would go as far as to say that any time the keeper comes up for a corner you will have 22 players in the same half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastEditorUserId="19980" LastEditDate="2022-12-12T16:01:55.020" LastActivityDate="2022-12-12T16:01:55.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28564" CreationDate="2022-12-13T11:06:45.767" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to F1Krazy his answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players take a vacation with their family&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Players playing abroad can go home for a bit and catch up with friends/relatives&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2022-12-13T11:06:45.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28570" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-13T16:43:54.533" Score="2" ViewCount="431" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens when opponent still has balls left, and the eightball was my last ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The balls are stuck, meaning that when my opponent hits the white ball the eightball will fall into the pocket, losing him the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/d9J2E.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/d9J2E.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Pool table with black and white balls wedged in jaws of pocket&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24712" LastEditorUserId="9502" LastEditDate="2022-12-13T20:46:51.180" LastActivityDate="2022-12-13T20:46:51.180" Title="What are the eightball rules when white ball and the eightball get stuck in the corner?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28585" CreationDate="2022-12-13T23:18:57.740" Score="-2" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;My guess is that MMA judges score fights independently. However, Paddy Pimblett won a unanimous decision victory over Jared Gordon at UFC 282, while 23 of the 24 media outlets providing UFC 282 results and play-by-play scored the bout in favor of Gordon, which would be statistically extremely unlikely if MMA judges score fights independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes me wonder: Do MMA judges score fights independently, or can they see each other's scores or discuss scoring in some way during the fight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-14T13:02:02.003" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T06:31:06.130" Title="Do MMA judges score fights independently, or can they see each other's scores or discuss scoring in some way during the fight?" Tags="|scoring|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4404" CreationDate="2022-12-13T23:21:09.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no way for the lane to be the same every time. When you throw the ball, especially if you put a good amount of spin on it, it's going to pick up oil. Then the oil on your ball is wiped off, if you want it to keep hooking, but the ball absorbs some oil every time you throw it down the lane. If you start a tournament with a typical house shot oil pattern, by the end of the tounament, the lanes aren't going to have near as much oil. This doesn't just make the ball hook more; it also gives a lot less room for error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in the last parts a tournament, your body will be exausted. Throwing a 15 pound ball at 20 mph, 300 or more times is exausting. That's just for qualifying. Match play is close to another 200. At 500 shots, your fingers start to blister and bleed. The oil patterns that they use will frequently give you less than 3 boards of miss room. To be able to hit a target the size of a dime (board 17.5 to be exact) 12 times in a row, and do it consistently, I think isn't humanly possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even a robot that can throw the exact same angle again and again, can't bowl a 280 average. This robot, named EARL, is the pinnacle of consistency. But it doesn't matter, because the oil, the ball, and even the way the pins might be the slightest bit off aren't consistent. Ask any of the top bowlers in the world and they'll tell you the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24714" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-14T00:02:05.593" LastActivityDate="2022-12-14T00:02:05.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28581" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-15T23:02:30.383" Score="3" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wikipedia, FIFA uses the following &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;list of tiebreakers&lt;/a&gt; when deciding who qualifies &lt;strong&gt;to participate in the World Cup&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e. who gets to compete in the World Cup at all, not who qualifies from the group stages of the World Cup to the knockout rounds):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overall goal difference&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overall goals scored&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Points in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goal difference in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Goals scored in matches between tied teams&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Away goals scored in matches between tied teams (if the tie is only between two teams in home-and-away league format)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fair play points (based on the number of yellow and red cards given)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the record for how far down the list they've needed to go?  Have they ever needed to go beyond &amp;quot;overall goals scored&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14585" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-12-20T06:21:53.570" LastActivityDate="2022-12-20T06:21:53.570" Title="How far down the list of tiebreakers has FIFA gone for the World Cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|fifa|tie-breaker|qualifying|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28584" CreationDate="2022-12-16T04:33:43.760" Score="0" ViewCount="2649" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this situation in the NFL game between the San Fransisco 49ers and the Seattle Seahawks on December 15th, 2022 in which it happened in the 4th quarter at 13:19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfl.com/games/49ers-at-seahawks-2022-reg-15&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nfl.com/games/49ers-at-seahawks-2022-reg-15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seahawks punted the ball at SF 44 and the 49ers didn't catch it. I understand this situation is a fair catch so that the 49ers can start from that spot. But the ball rolled on the ground toward the end zone and the Seahawk picked up the ball right before it went through the end line. So it is recorded as a 43-yard punt, and the 49ers should have to start from their 1-yard line. If the Seahawk did not touch the ball, the ball would have gone through the end line, so it should be a touchback to start from the 25-yard line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't understand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why the Seahawks can pick up the ball they punted&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why it is not the Seahawks' ball as in an onside kick situation,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and why that situation is neither fair catch nor touchback.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I am misunderstanding some NFL rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-12-19T16:38:52.623" LastActivityDate="2022-12-19T18:04:58.347" Title="Picking up one's own punted ball in American football" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2022-12-23T01:11:49.903" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28583" CreationDate="2022-12-16T09:17:32.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand this situation is a fair catch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.  You have to catch the ball for a fair catch to happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The kicking team can touch the ball, but the receiving team then has the option to take possession either where touched or where the ball is dead.  Picking up the ball counts as a &amp;quot;recovery&amp;quot;, and makes the ball dead at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The situations are different.  Putting the ball in play after a score (commonly called a &amp;quot;kickoff&amp;quot;) is in the rule book a &amp;quot;free kick&amp;quot;.  While punting is done as part of one of the downs of an offensive team.  In the rules this is a &amp;quot;scrimmage kick&amp;quot;, and the rules to recover are different.  The kicking team has no option to retain possession by catching or recovering the punt (unless the receiving team becomes involved).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The receiving team did not catch, so can't be a fair catch.  The ball did not enter the end zone, so can't be a touchback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules&lt;/a&gt; here are 9-2-2 and 9-3-2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9-2-2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. FIRST TOUCHING BEYOND THE LINE. “First touching” is when a&#xA;player of the kicking team touches a scrimmage kick in the field of&#xA;play that is beyond the line of scrimmage before it has been touched&#xA;by a player of the receiving team beyond the line. If the ball is&#xA;first touched by a player of the kicking team, it remains in play.&#xA;First touching is a violation, and the receivers shall have the option&#xA;of taking possession of the ball at the spot of first touching,&#xA;provided no live-ball penalty is accepted on the play, or at the spot&#xA;where the ball is dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9-3-2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. KICKERS CATCH OR RECOVER BEYOND LINE. When the kickers&#xA;catch or recover a kick beyond the line of scrimmage, the ball is dead&#xA;at the spot of recovery, even if a member of the receiving team has&#xA;first touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kickoffs not from scrimmage (and the possibility of kicking team recovery) would be found under Rule 6 (Free Kicks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2022-12-16T09:17:32.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28571" CreationDate="2022-12-17T02:23:07.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;MMA judges score fights independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://mmachannel.com/how-does-scoring-work-in-ufc-heres-a-simple-explanation/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://mmachannel.com/how-does-scoring-work-in-ufc-heres-a-simple-explanation/&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How Do UFC Judges Score Fights? Each UFC event involves 3 judges who sit at different places besides the cage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/news-big-john-mccarthy-urges-ufc-alter-seating-arrangement-judges-want-better-scores#:%7E:text=McCarthy%20said%3A,two%20of%20the%20judges%27%20chairs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/news-big-john-mccarthy-urges-ufc-alter-seating-arrangement-judges-want-better-scores#:~:text=McCarthy%20said%3A,two%20of%20the%20judges'%20chairs&lt;/a&gt;. :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have two cage doors on the octagon. The judges sit in those two spots are two of the judges' chairs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T06:31:06.130" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T06:31:06.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28586" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-18T17:31:46.347" Score="4" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;My impression is that there has been much less use of VAR in Qatar than typically is the case in Premier League matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this an accurate perception? If so, has there been a deliberate policy on the part of FIFA to minimise its use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2022-12-18T21:59:31.090" LastActivityDate="2022-12-18T21:59:31.090" Title="Has VAR been used less frequently in the 2022 World Cup than in the English Premier League?" Tags="|football|officiating|world-cup|video-review|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28583" CreationDate="2022-12-19T16:48:39.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why the Seahawks can pick up the ball they punted?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the kicking, and the receiving team can recover a punt. The usual scenarios are: a player in the receiving team catches the ball, or the receiving team let the ball bounce and roll.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why it is not the Seahawks' ball as in an onside kick situation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the kicking team posses the ball after a punt, they cannot advance it. The ball is marked dead at the spot of the touch. The kicking team can opt to touch the ball to stop it from rolling unfavorably. If the ball rolls or lands past the endline, the receiving team will start from the 20 yard line. So the kicking team is better off stopping a ball that is rolling towards the endzone. Also if the ball takes a bad bounce and starts coming backwards towards the kicking team, they're better off stopping it, so that the punt distance doesn't get reduced further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the kicking team touches the ball, without maintaining possession, the ball is live and the receiving team can then advance it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why that situation is neither fair catch nor touchback.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To have a fair catch, the catcher must signal for a fair catch. This is done by bringing an arm over the head and waving it. Only in that situation, the catch is a fair catch, where the catcher is protected from being hit, but cannot advance the ball after catching either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-12-19T18:04:58.347" LastActivityDate="2022-12-19T18:04:58.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28589" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-19T18:48:09.663" Score="1" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand how many yards a running back gained on a play in which he fumbled. Here is the situation: Derrick Henry rushes the ball for 5-yards but fumbles the ball which is recovered by another offensive player 2-yards behind his initial 5-yard gain. Is Derrick Henry credited with 5-yards rushing or 3-yards rushing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24738" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2022-12-19T20:25:59.560" LastActivityDate="2022-12-19T20:25:59.560" Title="Rushing Yards Gained on an Offensive Fumble Recovery" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28592" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28612" CreationDate="2022-12-20T01:11:42.027" Score="0" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how the 'touchdown' is defined in American football.&#xA;Specifically, I would like to know whether the ball should complete go through the end line which is 6 feet wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In soccer, the ball should complete go through the end line to be considered a goal. Is it the same as in American football?&#xA;Should the ball touch the ground, or is it okay the ball stay in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T06:28:43.433" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T06:28:43.433" Title="What is the exact condition of touchdown in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28563" CreationDate="2022-12-21T15:02:33.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is the question which is very interesting to me as well.&#xA;I am not claiming that my answer is true for 100 %, but in my opinion Pele has 7 assists in World Cups - see the explanation below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;International Federation of Football History &amp;amp; Statistics claims that Pele has 8 assists (take a look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2313&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;):&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Over his World Cup career, Pele was involved in 20 goals of Brazil: he scored 12 by himself and assisted for 8 (6 of his assists came at 1970 edition, 1 at 1958 and 1 at 1962).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two assists made in WC1958 and WC1962 are mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wiki page about Pele&lt;/a&gt; (WC1958 - during the match with USSR, and WC1962 - during the match with Mexico), so let's say two assists from the two aforementioned World Cups are confirmed;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On the other hand, site &amp;quot;Planet World Cup&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1970/wc70statistics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;states that Pele made only five assists in the WC1970&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can check all assists &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1970/wc70index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the matches' descriptions&lt;/a&gt; - just click on the result of the match;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Last thing - I saw all goals of Brazil team during WC1970 (there are a lot of them in &amp;quot;Youtube&amp;quot;, even in quite high quality), and paid special attention to the players which made assists, but I have noticed only FIVE assists made by Pele:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 during the match with England;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 - with Peru;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 - with Uruguay;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 - with Italy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my answer is - 7 assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24746" LastEditorUserId="24746" LastEditDate="2022-12-21T17:21:55.197" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T17:21:55.197" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28598" CreationDate="2022-12-21T16:43:38.197" Score="0" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why couldn't Argentina win the 1990 FIFA World Cup? What was the main issue with that squad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the main difference between Argentina's 1990 and 2022 World Cup squads?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22245" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-21T17:17:41.817" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T17:36:27.030" Title="How can we compare Argentina's 1990 and 2022 World Cup squads?" Tags="|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28597" CreationDate="2022-12-21T17:36:27.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Argentina's main problem in 1990 was that they simply didn't score enough goals. In their seven matches at the tournament they scored only five goals, one of the lowest tallies of any team ever to reach the final, and became the first finalists not to score after mustering just one shot on goal in the entire match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_final#:%7E:text=The%20South%20Americans,by%20this%20means.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, this was the result of an ultra-defensive strategy, rather than a lack of attacking talent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The South Americans failed to put together a coherent attacking strategy and lost the ball frequently. Instead, they focused on defending at all costs, knowing they would have the advantage if they managed to reach the penalty shoot-out, as they had already advanced twice in the tournament [against Yugoslavia and Italy] by this means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This strategy ultimately backfired, as the winning goal was scored in the 85th minute, by which time they were already down to ten men and had little hope of equalising even if they started attacking more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare that to Argentina in 2022, who scored &lt;em&gt;fifteen&lt;/em&gt; goals in seven matches (seven of which were scored by Lionel Messi), managed twenty shots on goal during the final, and only went to penalties after conceding a late equalizer, rather than penalties having been the plan all along.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2022-12-21T17:36:27.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27884" CreationDate="2022-12-22T11:39:21.353" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No references will be provided, but I will employ colloquial physics to support my claims.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This being said, the range of differences I describe between smooth and rough bat surfaces may not constitute &lt;em&gt;reasons&lt;/em&gt; for cricket bats being smooth, but merely describe why a smooth mat might be more desirable than a rough bat.  The differences in performance I describe are very small, which is why I will try to employ more extreme examples as a means of describing the forces at play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1: Ball degradation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This effect is relatively simple to comprehend. A more abrasive bat surface will - albeit to a much smaller degree - exert itself upon the ball in the same way a rough pitch surface will. Whereas a smooth bat will cause compression and distortion of the ball, a rough surface will also scratch and tear at the ball's surface. This in turn will cause the ball to wear more quickly and will reduce the performance of the ball more quickly, making it more difficult for bowlers to extract optimum movement for the same period of time as a less-abraded ball. Ball movement through the air will also be affected, as it will be more difficult for the bowler to maintain as great a difference between the smooth side of the ball and the rough side. This will impact swing and pace, as a rougher surface generates more friction in the air, slowing it down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2: Ball rebound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rough bat surface will (albeit to a small degree) impact the velocity at which the ball rebounds from the bat's surface, lessening stroke power. This is because a the harder, rougher surface of the wood absorbs more of the softer ball's energy than a smooth surface would. To more easily conceptualise this, consider a ball that is struck by a board covered in sharp nails. The nails would pierce the ball, absorbing so much of the ball's energy that that ball would likely struggle to rebound off the nails at all. A rough bat surface is like a bed of nails, but at a much lesser degree. The rough edges of the wood will bite into the soft leather of the ball, absorbing ball energy. The ball then requires more energy to release itself from these tiny grooves and edges. Also, unless the bat stroke is perfectly opposite to the direction of the ball, these grooves and edges will also grip the softer leather, keeping it of the bat surface for longer, imparting a slight spin to the ball as the ball leaves the wood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, the variations we're talking about here are minuscule, but real. The most important effect of those described above is that of ball degradation, which would happen significantly more quickly than with a smooth bat and would disadvantage bowlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24604" LastEditorUserId="24604" LastEditDate="2022-12-23T13:09:12.993" LastActivityDate="2022-12-23T13:09:12.993" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28603" CreationDate="2022-12-22T14:27:32.700" Score="4" ViewCount="15555" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a while now, football matches have recorded how far each player has run. &lt;a href=&quot;https://soccerblade.com/soccer-players-run/#:%7E:text=Jack%20Cork%20(Burnley)%20Total%20distance,of%207.44%20miles%20per%20game.&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; states that N’golo Kante (Chelsea) ran 306.7 km in 26 matches, for an average of 7.33 miles per game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about the record for a single match? What's the known record for the furthest a player has run in a single match?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2022-12-22T17:25:48.113" LastActivityDate="2022-12-22T20:34:28.530" Title="What's the furthest a player has run in a single match?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28602" CreationDate="2022-12-22T20:34:28.530" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the FIFA World Cup, midfielder &lt;strong&gt;Marcelo Brozovic&lt;/strong&gt; of Croatia has held the record since 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His initial record was 16.3 kilometres in the quarterfinal versus Russia, 2018, and was increased to 16.9 kilometres in the round of 16 versus Japan, 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both games eventually went to kicks from the penalty mark, and Croatia won both from there. The extra time spent on the field  combined with Brozovic's workrate and his positional requirements as a defensive midfielder, explain both the large distances involved and the ability to keep (then improve) the record himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This information is reported in various sources, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://sempreinter.com/2022/12/07/inter-midfielder-marcelo-brozovic-breaks-own-record-for-distance-covered-in-a-world-cup-match-in-croatias-win-over-japan-italian-media-highlight/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Inter Milan's media website&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-11528539/Marcelo-Brozovic-Croatias-midfield-maverick-broke-World-Cup-record.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the UK's Daily Mail&lt;/a&gt;, and a variety of Croatian and worldwide news providers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2022-12-22T20:34:28.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-24T08:54:44.837" Score="2" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the ruling in the following situation in snooker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player 1 is in a free ball situation and nominates the green. They try to pot the green but fails, and said green rolls back across the table and comes to rest in a way that partially obscures the route to the one remaining red ball on the table for Player 2. Player 2 now says they are entitled to a free ball as they cannot hit both sides of the red and you can’t snooker someone behind the ball you nominate in a free ball. Player 1 says not a free ball as they hadn’t fouled their shot and player one is not snookered, they can still see and hit one half of the one remaining red on the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24748" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2022-12-25T01:24:36.277" LastActivityDate="2023-02-09T15:58:55.140" Title="Partial snooker after a free ball in snooker" Tags="|rules|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28604" CreationDate="2022-12-24T11:04:56.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this to be a foul, and a free ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, as you state in your question, to be snookered behind the previously nominated free ball is a foul - as stated in Section 3, Rule 11 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpbsa.com/wp-content/uploads/Rulebook-Website-Updated-May-2022-2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPBSA Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. Penalty Values&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following acts are fouls and incur four penalty points unless higher penalty points are indicated in paragraphs (a) to (d) below&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Value of the ball on by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(viii) causing the cue-ball to be snookered by the nominated free ball, except as provided for in Section 3 Rule 12(b)(ii);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in Section 3, Rule 12:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12. Snookered After a Foul&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a foul, if the cue-ball is snookered (see Section 2 Rule 17),&#xA;the referee shall call FREE BALL.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) It is a foul if the cue-ball should:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(ii) after a non-scoring stroke, be snookered on all Reds or the ball on by the nominated free ball, except when the Pink and Black are the only object balls remaining on the table.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, to cover Player 1's point about not being snookered because Player 2 can hit one half: this is not true as a player is required to be able to hit &lt;em&gt;both sides&lt;/em&gt; of an on ball to not be snookered, as defined in Section 2, Rule 17:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;17. Snookered&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cue-ball is snookered when a direct stroke in a straight line to every ball on is wholly or partially obstructed by a ball or balls not on. If one or more balls on can be hit at both extreme edges free of obstruction by any ball not on, the cue-ball is not snookered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2022-12-24T11:04:56.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28607" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28609" CreationDate="2022-12-26T17:11:05.303" Score="3" ViewCount="1570" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football, if team A wins and a player from team A mocks team B for losing (call them a idiot team, non-fair-play attitude, etc.) can the referee give a red card to that player after the match ends?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24756" LastEditorUserId="24756" LastEditDate="2022-12-27T06:56:12.210" LastActivityDate="2023-02-09T11:41:18.680" Title="Can the referee give a red card for an incident that happens after the end of a match?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|suspension|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28563" CreationDate="2022-12-26T18:48:12.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best sources are FIFA and the Guinness Book of records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FIFA site says he made 6 in total in 1970, and referred to an assist he made in the 1958 cup final v Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Guinness Book of records refers to an assist made against USSR in his first match in 1958 and then against Mexico in 1962.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, from these 2 official reliable  sources, that's at least a combined total of 9.  I think that is a solid figure from the most reliable sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24757" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2022-12-26T22:13:22.903" LastActivityDate="2022-12-26T22:13:22.903" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28607" CreationDate="2022-12-26T18:54:18.887" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, definitely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referees can take action as long as they are still on the pitch after the game has ended. This is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-referee/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5: The Referee&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The referee] has the authority to take disciplinary action from&#xA;entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection &lt;strong&gt;until leaving&#xA;the field of play after the match ends&lt;/strong&gt; (including kicks from the&#xA;penalty mark). If, before entering the field of play at the start of&#xA;the match, a player commits a sending-off offence, the referee has the&#xA;authority to prevent the player taking part in the match (see Law&#xA;3.6); the referee will report any other misconduct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2022-12-26T18:54:18.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28592" CreationDate="2022-12-28T00:32:26.203" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ball does not have to be completely gone through the plane of the goal line.&#xA;According to the NFL Official Rulebook as of 2022. Rule 11 Scoring, Section 2 - Touchdown, the ball is &amp;quot;on&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;above&amp;quot;, or behine the plane of the goald line to be considered a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-12-28T00:32:26.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28614" CreationDate="2022-12-28T00:36:59.210" Score="1" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Summer Asian Games are held every four years, but the Winter Games is not.&#xA;It was held 1986, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2017.&#xA;Is there any specific reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2022-12-28T21:55:36.310" LastActivityDate="2022-12-28T21:55:36.310" Title="Why does the Winter Asian Games not held every four years?" Tags="|olympics|asian-games|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28613" CreationDate="2022-12-28T00:42:01.437" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you listed, it was held from 1999 to 2011. But the next Games after 2011 was held in 2017 which is one year before the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. It would gather more attention about winter sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 2017 Games, there was no city that would want to hold the Winter Asian Games due to financial reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently, Trojena, a city being built in Saudi Arabia is selected to be a host city for the 2029 Winter Asian Games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2022-12-28T00:42:01.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-28T11:52:16.917" Score="-1" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Moreno&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;José Manuel Moreno&lt;/a&gt; was a player in Argentina who, in the early 1980s, received an award as the best Argentine player in history (over Alfredo Di Stéfano, the only Super Ballon d'Or player in world history). Di Stéfano himself stated he learned from him and that Moreno was better than him. Journalists who saw him playing make presumptuous claims that he was better than Maradona and Pelé. IFFHS also chose him as the 5th best South American player ever in 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked his stats several times and I never saw anything very impressive, yet &lt;a href=&quot;https://the100.ru/en/football/jose-manuel-moreno.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article has recently appeared&lt;/a&gt; claiming he scored 850 goals. Other articles claimed he scored just 243 goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many goals did José Manuel Moreno score in his career? Did he indeed score 850?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-04T09:02:24.940" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T09:02:24.940" Title="Did José Manuel Moreno indeed score 850 goals in his career?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28616" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2022-12-29T05:51:44.073" Score="2" ViewCount="632" Body="&lt;p&gt;Say for example an NBA player gets drafted at the end of his sophomore year and his two years away from receiving his bachelors degree, how does he finish his bachelor's? Does he go to school during his NBA career? Does he go online? Does he go during the summer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, if declare for the draft and go undrafted, can they come back to finish their degrees?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24767" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2022-12-29T08:40:38.940" LastActivityDate="2023-01-28T09:05:00.713" Title="When an athlete gets drafted but college degrees aren't finished, what do they do?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28616" CreationDate="2022-12-29T08:50:57.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general answer for players that are drafted and have reasonable success as a professional athlete is that they don't finish their degrees, at least not on any &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; timescale. For instance, Steph Curry left Davidson in 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/01/sport/steph-curry-davidson-graduation-nba-spt-intl/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;but didn't graduate until 2022&lt;/a&gt;. This is understandable as the &lt;em&gt;minimum&lt;/em&gt; salary in the NBA is just over $1 million per year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player is undrafted (or even if they're drafted and decide for some other reason not to take up professional basketball), they can complete their degree - although if they actually got as far as the draft rather than &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hoopsrumors.com/2022/05/ncaas-withdrawal-deadline-looms-for-drafts-early-entrants.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;withdrawing soon after the NBA Draft Combine&lt;/a&gt; they would no longer be eligible to play college sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2022-12-29T08:50:57.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16643" CreationDate="2022-12-31T13:55:15.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first option is correct: &lt;strong&gt;Person B serves from side 1&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Rule 14 (Change of Ends) in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/7221/2022-rules-of-tennis-english.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rules of Tennis&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The players change ends at the end of a set unless the total number of games in that set is even. As the result of the set is 6-3, the total number of games was 9 (not even), so they switch sides. Since Person B played the last game on side 2, he will start the second set on side 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Rule 10 (Order of Service),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the end of each standard game [i.e. not a tie-break game], the receiver shall become the server and the server shall become the receiver for the next game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, because Person A served the last game of the previous set, Person B will serve now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24772" LastActivityDate="2022-12-31T13:55:15.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28625" CreationDate="2023-01-02T01:24:24.403" Score="2" ViewCount="786" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an official language of the Asian Games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that Engish is commonly used, but am not sure whether it is official or unofficial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2023-01-02T01:28:13.327" LastActivityDate="2023-01-02T01:28:13.327" Title="Official language of Asian Games?" Tags="|asian-games|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28624" CreationDate="2023-01-02T01:27:32.333" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Constitution of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), it is designated as English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ocasia.org/media/oca_files/OCA_CONSTITUTION_AND_RULES__19052022_new_gTkELZw_UF20vN2_yDjwveH.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ocasia.org/media/oca_files/OCA_CONSTITUTION_AND_RULES__19052022_new_gTkELZw_UF20vN2_yDjwveH.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please see Chapter 2, Article 42 of the above document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-02T01:27:32.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28629" CreationDate="2023-01-03T03:31:15.553" Score="0" ViewCount="2061" Body="&lt;p&gt;On January 2, 2023, the game between the Buffalo Bills and the Cincinnati Bengals was stopped in the first quarter after the Bills' Damar Hamlin collapsed due to a cardiac event after a tackle. The game was later suspended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the NFL rules for games suspended after the starting kick off? Has there been any precedent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-01-03T14:29:58.953" LastActivityDate="2023-01-03T14:57:27.400" Title="What happens to an NFL game that is started and suspended?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|schedule|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28628" CreationDate="2023-01-03T08:38:40.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by Rule 17 &amp;quot;Emergencies, Unfair Acts&amp;quot; in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;; the crucial bits are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 8. INTERRUPTED GAME. If, under emergency circumstances, an interrupted regular-season or post-season game&#xA;cannot be completed on the same day, such game will be rescheduled by the Commissioner and resumed at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 11. GAME RESUMPTION. In all instances where a game is resumed after interruption, either on the same date or a&#xA;subsequent date, the resumption will begin at the point at which the game was interrupted. At the time of interruption, the Referee will call timeout and will make a record of the following: the team possessing the ball, direction in which its offense was headed, position of the ball on the field, down, distance, period, time remaining in the period, and any other pertinent information required for an efficient and equitable resumption of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. the game will continue from the point at which it was suspended, with the Commissioner sorting out the details. Article 9 encourages the game to be played within 2 days at the original site if possible, but unsurprisingly gives the Commissioner discretion to do what is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of previous incidents, NFL games have been suspended in the past due to the threat of lightning - for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://247sports.com/nfl/tennessee-titans/Article/NFL-lightning-delay-rules-121669337/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Titans at Dolphins in Week 1, 2018&lt;/a&gt; - but I'm not aware of a game which was unable to be completed the same day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-03T14:57:27.400" LastActivityDate="2023-01-03T14:57:27.400" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14216" CreationDate="2023-01-04T05:50:12.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There may be less than eleven players on the field, but there are exactly eleven players most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the rule &amp;quot;must have seven or more players on its line&amp;quot; intended to say that &amp;quot;must have four or fewer players behind the line.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T05:50:12.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28615" CreationDate="2023-01-04T05:55:23.647" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Moreno&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about him, it says he scored 224 goals for his clubs and 19 goals for the Argentina national team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an article that claims that he scored 850 goals in 950 games, but there is no supporting information about that claim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-01-04T06:54:32.123" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T06:54:32.123" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28563" CreationDate="2023-01-04T05:58:26.333" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Transfermarkt, he scored 12 goals and assisted 8 goals in 14 games of the FIFA World Cup excluding qualification.&#xA;In the qualificition, he scored 6 goals and assisted 3 goals in six games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-04T05:58:26.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28634" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-05T13:30:23.733" Score="-1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Slovakia&lt;/a&gt; relegated to the IIHF C category in 1993? Was it only because the Czechs were the official successors of Czechoslovakia? Why weren't the Slovaks? Were there any official steps the Slovakian team could have taken to remain in the A Category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-07T06:34:34.810" LastActivityDate="2023-01-14T23:47:39.833" Title="Why was Slovakia relegated to the IIHF C category in 1993?" Tags="|ice-hockey|relegations|iihf|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28635" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-05T14:21:53.460" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that a number of really successful cross-country skiers (especially sprinters) switch to Biathlon after a few years on the cross-country circuit?&#xA;Thinking of Stinna Nilsson and Anamarija Lampic and even Denise Hermann who won an Olympic medal in cross-country before switching to Biathlon&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2023-01-05T14:21:53.460" Title="Successful cross country skiers switching to Biathlon" Tags="|biathlon|cross-country-skiing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28634" CreationDate="2023-01-05T14:25:58.070" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Czechs were considered to be the successor country and Slovakia a new country and therefore Slovakia was forced to start from the bottom. This was because the majority of the Czechoslovak team was from Czechia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13228" LastActivityDate="2023-01-05T14:25:58.070" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28639" CreationDate="2023-01-05T18:24:53.057" Score="0" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/28628/what-happens-to-an-nfl-game-that-is-started-and-suspended&quot;&gt;What happens to an NFL game that is started and suspended?&lt;/a&gt; talks about handling suspended games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a period of time that needs to be played to bring upon an official result? 9:02 of 60:00 of in-game clock may not be enough to determine a winner/loser/tie/no contest upon suspension but suppose a half is played - can a official result be determined by that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recall a game in the early 2000s that needed to be finished despite suspension and unruly crowd conditions so I'm inclined to believe that anything less than 60 minutes of in-game clock wouldn't determine an official result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24787" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-01-06T13:27:16.013" LastActivityDate="2023-01-06T13:33:26.247" Title="How much of a football game can be played to determine an official result?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28637" CreationDate="2023-01-05T21:23:34.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to read exactly the same &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 17&lt;/a&gt; as from the linked question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 4. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. [...] If, in the Commissioner’s opinion, it is reasonable to project that the resumption of an interrupted game would not change its ultimate result or adversely affect any other inter-team competitive issue, the Commissioner is empowered to terminate the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or once again, the Commissioner gets to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-01-05T21:23:34.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28637" CreationDate="2023-01-06T13:33:26.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading exactly the same &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rule 17&lt;/a&gt; as from the linked question: ARTICLE 4. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The NFL affirms the position that in most circumstances all regular-season and postseason games should be played to their conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; If, in the opinion of appropriate League authorities, it is impossible to begin or continue a game due to an emergency ... the following procedures (Articles 5 through 11) will serve as guidelines for the Commissioner and/or the duly appointed representatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ergo, if a NFL game cannot be played to its conclusion, the Commissioner has discretion to determine an official result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24787" LastActivityDate="2023-01-06T13:33:26.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28642" CreationDate="2023-01-08T18:34:02.360" Score="0" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;On January 8 2023, the Buffalo Bills scored a touchdown on kickoff return. Nyheim Hines returned the ball, then ran very near the sideline. Shortly before reaching the end zone, he spread his arms so that the ball was outside the field. After entering the end zone with the ball still being outside the field, he threw the ball away. From my perspective, it looked like the ball only crossed the goal line after Nyheim Hines threw it away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am no football expert, but my question is: Why was a Touchdown called or why wasn't there at least a thorough review?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24793" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-01-08T20:32:08.603" LastActivityDate="2023-01-08T22:18:39.617" Title="Why did the Buffalo Bills score a touchdown without ball breaking the plane of the goal line?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28641" CreationDate="2023-01-08T21:57:25.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if you're asking if the ball remained in possession past the goal line, or if the ball has to be inside the sidelines.  I'll address both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All scoring plays are reviewed by the booth official.  If they had a concern with the review, they would have signaled to the on-field referee to wait if more time was necessary.  Presumably they were comfortable with seeing that the ball broke the plane of the goal while still in possession.  That's all done behind the scenes, so it's not possible to know how much concern or what was seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KFtTt.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KFtTt.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my viewing, the ball remains in his outstretched hand until after he reaches the end zone and the ball appears to have crossed the goal line.  It looks quite precarious in this image, but it looked that way for some steps before the end zone as well.  I don't see anything to suggest that he lost possession before scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mentioned the ball was &amp;quot;outside the field&amp;quot;.  As long as the ball crosses the plane in possession, and the possessing player is in the end zone, then the ball can be beyond the sideline but still a valid touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/5kvgzyss/2022-nfl-rulebook-final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rule&lt;/a&gt; 11-2-1, subpart (a) was met:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 1. TOUCHDOWN PLAYS. A touchdown is scored when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) the ball&#xA;is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line&#xA;(extended) and is in possession of a runner who has advanced from the&#xA;field of play into the end zone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is only if the ball crosses the plane but if the runner does not reach the end zone that the position of the ball around the pylon is required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This play is similar to approved ruling 3.16 (c):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A.R. 3.16 PYLON—GOAL LINE EXTENDED&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second-and-goal on B5. A2, running&#xA;to his right, is contacted by B2, and as he is going down at the B1,&#xA;he dives toward the pylon. The ball is held in his right hand extended&#xA;over the out of bounds area but beyond the extended goal line, when&#xA;his chest hits: ... (c) the&#xA;ground in the end zone. The ball crossed the sideline at the B½-yard&#xA;line, but it never went over the top of the pylon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rulings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Touchdown, as the ball broke the plane of the extended goal line, and the runner was not down until he was in&#xA;the end zone. (3-39, 11-2-1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-01-08T22:18:39.617" LastActivityDate="2023-01-08T22:18:39.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28634" CreationDate="2023-01-14T23:47:39.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Team Slovakia was not relegated. They actually participated as a new team with Belarus, Croatia, and Estonia. These four new participants were all assigned to Group C1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you compare rosters of 1993 Czech, 1994 Czech, and 1994 Slovakia, most of Team Czech in 1993 moved to Team Czech in 1994.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among 20 forwards and defenses of Team Czech in 1993, 10 members are still in Team Czech in 1993 while none of them are in Team Slovakia in 1994.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Czech roster in 1993: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=CZE&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MA&amp;amp;yr=1993&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=CZE&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MA&amp;amp;yr=1993&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Czech roster in 1994: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=CZE&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MA&amp;amp;yr=1994&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=CZE&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MA&amp;amp;yr=1994&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slovakia roster in 1994:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=SVK&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MC&amp;amp;yr=1994&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.hhof.com/IZone/izone.country.clubs.national.roster.do?co=SVK&amp;amp;tour=WC&amp;amp;division=MC&amp;amp;yr=1994&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, you can say that Team Czech in 1994 is a successor of Team Czech in 1993.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-14T23:47:39.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24318" CreationDate="2023-01-15T20:08:35.463" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also during general play, the goalkeeper is allowed to drop kick the ball and score directly on the opposing net. If the keeper has saved the ball during play and drop kicks it they can score and it counts. If it goes out and it's a restart then the keeper can only release it from their hands so no they can't directly score from that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24811" LastActivityDate="2023-01-15T20:08:35.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28656" CreationDate="2023-01-16T03:10:22.770" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Bengals-Ravens playoff game on 2023-01-15, I saw Joe Burrow excitedly motioning after a TD, as though he was seeking to immediately line up for a two point conversion to try and catch the defense off guard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I realized I've never seen that, which leads me to believe that wouldn't be allowed in the NFL. So, could a team run a no huddle two-point conversion straight after a touchdown? If not, why not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-16T09:23:31.170" LastActivityDate="2023-01-17T05:46:03.107" Title="Can a team run a no huddle two-point conversion straight after a touchdown?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28651" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-16T14:53:25.907" Score="2" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I watch Formula 1 races, especially between Mercedes and Red Bull. At the 2021 Spanish GP, there was a tense battle between Lewis and Max. What I found interesting is that Bono (Lewis' engineer) was inside the Mercedes garage, while GP (Max's engineer) was outside on the pit wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why were the race engineers put in different spots?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bono sitting in the garage:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XvWKd.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XvWKd.png&quot; alt=&quot;Mercedes race engineer Pete &amp;quot;Bono&amp;quot; Bonnington sitting in the garage&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;GP sitting on the pit wall:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UWqBH.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UWqBH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Red Bull race engineer Gianpiero &amp;quot;GP&amp;quot; Lambiase sitting on the pit wall&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24813" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-01-16T15:21:03.687" LastActivityDate="2023-01-16T15:21:03.687" Title="Why do some F1 engineers sit in the garage and some sit on the pit wall?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-16T18:44:12.790" Score="2" ViewCount="711" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL, has there’s ever been a year where the winners of the Most Valuable Player award and Defensive Player of the Year award were on the same team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24814" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-16T20:25:29.893" LastActivityDate="2023-07-28T05:53:18.227" Title="Have the NFL MVP and DPOY even been on the same team?" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28653" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-16T18:59:08.913" Score="0" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has an NFL team ever beat two teams from its own division in the NFL playoffs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24815" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-01-17T21:58:23.563" LastActivityDate="2023-12-02T08:12:09.623" Title="Has an NFL team ever beat two divisional opponents in the playoffs?" Tags="|nfl|postseason|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28652" CreationDate="2023-01-16T20:27:59.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. This is trivially the case in 1986 when &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Taylor#Mid-career_and_championships:_1986%E2%80%931990&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lawrence Taylor&lt;/a&gt; won both the MVP and DPoY.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-01-16T20:27:59.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28650" CreationDate="2023-01-17T05:46:03.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you don't have to huddle, but that doesn't mean that you can just run a play whenever.  On all plays, an official must make the ball ready.  There are also rules about giving the defense sufficient time to make player substitutions, but they don't apply if the scoring team does no substitutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NFL rulebook does not give procedures for how the ball is handled after a touchdown.  But you have a few things that just aren't a problem during a normal play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All scoring plays are reviewed by a booth official.  They're not going to start the try until that review is complete.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The scoring team has to indicate where the ball is to be placed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the review is completed quickly and the official makes the ball ready, then the team with the try is allowed to start the play.  I'm unable to find anything that creates a minimum time before the ball must be ready, but it does seem it would be difficult to get a quick snap off after a touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-01-17T05:46:03.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28653" CreationDate="2023-01-17T21:14:22.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of December 2023, this happened most recently in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2021/#all_playoff_results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021 playoffs&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Los Angeles Rams defeated the Arizona Cardinals in the Wild Card round, then after defeating Tampa Bay, defeated the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship prior to winning the Super Bowl over the Bengals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to that, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1985/#all_playoff_results&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1985 (1986 Super Bowl)&lt;/a&gt;, the New England Patriots defeated the New York Jets in the Wild Card round, then after defeating the Raiders in the Divisional round, defeated the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Championships, prior to losing the Super Bowl to the Bears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-02T08:12:09.623" LastActivityDate="2023-12-02T08:12:09.623" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13998" CreationDate="2023-01-17T23:05:19.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They can, but only if they're on their feet and onside. This is known as jackalling. If a player is tackled, he must release the ball. If a player from the tackling team can reach over the ball and grab it, it's his. If the tackled player refuses to let it go to stop the jackaller from getting it, that's a penalty for not releasing. Jackalling is one of the most common kinds of turnover. But if the jackaller is unable to keep his feet, and handles the ball while his knee is on the ground or he's otherwise not supporting his weight on his feet, that's a penalty against him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main way the attacking team will try to stop the jackal is by rucking. Teammates follow the ball-carrier, and when he is tackled and releases the ball, they form up over it and push opposing players away. Once a ruck has formed you can only play the ball with your feet - playing the ball with your hands in a ruck is a penalty - and the offside rules are very strict. You have to join the ruck from behind - if you join from the side, that's a penalty. Rucking players try to push their opponents backwards and move the ball backwards with their feet, making it available for their teammates. Once it's out the back of the ruck, it can be picked up. The rules of the ruck favour the tackled player's team, but if the tackling team successfully push their opponents back and move the ball to their side with their feet, it's their ball. This is called a counter-ruck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a video demonstrating how to prevent the jackal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/_2iMHprgNbU?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22012" LastEditorUserId="22012" LastEditDate="2023-01-17T23:11:21.337" LastActivityDate="2023-01-17T23:11:21.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4229" CreationDate="2023-01-18T12:21:22.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most recent one I can think of was Embolo (Cameroonian-Born) scoring against Cameroon in the 2022 FIFA WC Group Stage in a Switzerland vs Cameroon Tie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an article on the matter:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://Swiss%20striker%20Embolo%20refuses%20to%20celebrate%20goal%20against%20Cameroon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swiss striker Embolo refuses to celebrate goal against Cameroon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24176" LastActivityDate="2023-01-18T12:21:22.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13998" CreationDate="2023-01-18T23:19:14.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a ruck, which usually forms after a tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are special rules for a ruck. Players can only enter the ruck from behind the hindmost foot of the players already in it, and must stay on their feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the only way to go for the ball is to try and push the team with the ball backwards. You can't go around because then you'd be &amp;quot;coming in from the side&amp;quot; (offside?). You &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; try to go over but that's difficult because you also have to support your weight with your feet otherwise you'd be &amp;quot;off your feet&amp;quot;. Either offence concedes a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you have to go through. If you manage to push the team with the ball back quickly enough, there's a good chance you can get the ball because the tackled player has to release it or concede a penalty themselves. (though they may try and place it for the scrum-half, the trick is to disrupt it before they can do this)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it's likely the blue team (France I think) have decided rather than commit several players to the ruck to compete for the ball, it would be tactically better to use them to form a stronger defensive line, as the green team (Ireland?) seem to be well in control of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastEditorUserId="17509" LastEditDate="2023-01-18T23:40:58.307" LastActivityDate="2023-01-18T23:40:58.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18801" CreationDate="2023-01-19T06:20:43.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your question, I see two aspects. One is that the number of pots does not reflect the size of break, instead the number of points achieved via potting does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second aspect: Can number 1 be the size of a break in snooker? Answer: Yes, it can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of a break in snooker is clear enough. A break can consist of any number of point-giving balls consecutively potted by a player. If the definition says &amp;quot;a sequence of balls&amp;quot;, well in this case potting only one ball is also a sequence, meaning that all other figures of the sequence are zeros. In maths, zero is also a number. Historically there have been cultures and customs where zero was not considered a number, but this was a long time ago...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, yes, WPBSA rules are odd, but Oxford Dictionary and Wikipedia are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24820" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-01-19T08:00:30.617" LastActivityDate="2023-01-19T08:00:30.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28678" CreationDate="2023-01-19T21:27:51.327" Score="-4" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder what the techniques are to prepare oneself to receive a slap in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slapping_(strike)&amp;amp;oldid=1132731391#Slapping_contests&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;slapping contest&lt;/a&gt; (e.g., &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/powerslapleague&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Power Slap League&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;). I read techniques to improve the slap but didn't find any yet on the best way to receive it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="1832" LastEditDate="2023-01-20T01:58:12.227" LastActivityDate="2023-01-26T01:16:59.693" Title="How can one prepare oneself to receive a slap in a slapping contest?" Tags="|defense|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28665" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28666" CreationDate="2023-01-22T07:51:40.823" Score="2" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;When do the winter and summer trade periods start and end for the Korean professional football leagues League 1 and 2?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they the same as European leagues?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-01-22T16:39:51.610" LastActivityDate="2023-01-22T16:39:51.610" Title="Trade period (winter and summer) for Korean football league" Tags="|football|trade|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28665" CreationDate="2023-01-22T08:00:42.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the K League Regulation Chapter 2, Article 5, the player registration period is 12 weeks from the 1st of January.&#xA;So that may be March 25 Saturday this year (2023).&#xA;The above is the regular registration period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The additional registration period is for four weeks, but it is not specified in the official regulation book. It may be announced later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-22T08:00:42.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="84" CreationDate="2023-01-22T10:25:11.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the previous version of the rules was much clearer and easier. It would be useful if FIVB could explain the rationale of the change and how it should be interpreted. This is important because the rules are not only applied to elite volleyball but to grassroots volleyball as well. As a referee and a player I see the server ready to serve, the two back players standing in front of the server and the three front players standing directly in front of the back players, all with raised hands. The sole intention is to stop the receiving team seeing the server and the ball. For me this was never the intention of the change of the rule. When I referee grassroots games, I warn the team about screening and I call it if they persist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24825" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-01-22T16:37:50.030" LastActivityDate="2023-01-22T16:37:50.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28669" CreationDate="2023-01-23T00:47:44.510" Score="0" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how the position is calculated in American football:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The position that the snapper snaps&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The position in that the holder fixes the ball and the kicker kicks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the record breaking 66-yard field goal of Justin Tucker on Week 3 of 2021 season between the Baltimore Ravens and Detroit Lions,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The previous play was stopped at DET 48.&#xA;When I see the video, the snapper snapped at DET 50 instead of DET 48.&#xA;Why did they withdrew two yards, and why is the kick 'just' six yards behind the snap, not five or seven lines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last play before the kick&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WehwJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WehwJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;Last play before the kick&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;The snap&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6dYJu.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6dYJu.png&quot; alt=&quot;The snap&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;The kick&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PkpBI.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PkpBI.png&quot; alt=&quot;The kick&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play-by-play record: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay/_/gameId/401326366&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay/_/gameId/401326366&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Video: &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/m9g2NZuOSnI?start=100&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2023-01-27T08:27:39.773" LastActivityDate="2023-01-27T08:27:39.773" Title="How is the field goal distance calculated in American football?" Tags="|american-football|field-goal|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28668" CreationDate="2023-01-23T04:17:59.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The previous play was stopped at DET 48. When I see the video, the snapper snapped at DET 50 instead of DET 48.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not that I can see.  The angle is different, so it's difficult to tell.  But you can see that the player on the left end of the line (on the right side of the frame) has his foot on the 50.  The ends of the line will be well back from the snap position, so it looks to me like the ball is made ready somewhere near the 48, but definitely closer than the 50.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the low-angle replay, it's hard to see the actual distance, but the ball is well beyond the hash mark on the 50.  And the yard line marking the 49 to the rear is closer than the ball.  So 2 yards forward of the 50 seems plausible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9k4SS.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9k4SS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would make the kick from the Baltimore 44 to be 8 yards behind the line of scrimmage, which is common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's an answered &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17756/what-determines-the-spot-of-a-field-goal-kick-in-the-nfl&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about why the distance is 8 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-01-23T04:17:59.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28673" CreationDate="2023-01-23T23:42:40.277" Score="1" ViewCount="765" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a volleyball league system, 3-0 and 3-1 win gives 3 points, 3-2 win gives 2 points, 2-3 loss gives 1 point, and 1-3 and 0-3 loss gives 0 point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought this system is very strange because winning by 3-2 does not give full three points.&#xA;This makes the standings table quite strange. For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_SuperLega&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Italian league&lt;/a&gt; as of January 24, 2023 looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Rank&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Points&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;W&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;L&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Sets W&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Sets L&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Sets Ratio&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Sir Safety Susa Perugia&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6.000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Itas Trentino&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1.423&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Valsa Group Modena&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1.308&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Cucine Lube Civitanova&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;32&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1.185&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Gas Sales Bluenergy Piacenza&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1.100&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Vero Volley Monza&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;28&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.903&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Allianz Milano&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;32&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.906&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Top Volley Cisterna&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.939&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;WithU Verona&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.935&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Pallavolo Padova&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;38&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.579&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Gioiella Prisma Taranto&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;39&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.513&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Emma Villas Aubay Siena&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;40&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0.425&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 9th ranked team (Verona) has a win-loss record of 8-8, but the 8th ranked team (Milano) has 7-9 which does not seem logical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a history or rationale for this unique ranking system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-25T13:35:56.800" LastActivityDate="2023-01-25T13:35:56.800" Title="Volleyball point system" Tags="|ranking|volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-24T00:26:07.350" Score="1" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any time a Mets player hits a home run at Citi Field (or previously at Shea Stadium) the home run apple in center field rises. Does this happen for inside-the-park home runs as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24108" LastActivityDate="2023-01-24T00:26:07.350" Title="Does the Mets stadium apple rise for inside-the-park home runs?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28670" CreationDate="2023-01-24T10:26:21.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure I'd call this really &amp;quot;unique&amp;quot;; plenty of sports around the world use a scheme where a comprehensive victory is worth more than a close victory, or that a close loss is worth more than a comprehensive loss. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL&lt;/a&gt;, a win in regulation gives the winner 2 points and the loser 0 points. A win in overtime or a penalty shoot-out gives the winner 2 points and the loser 1 point.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most rugby union competitions around the world use the &amp;quot;bonus points&amp;quot; scheme where a win is worth 4 points, but then bonus points are available for scoring 4 or more tries or for losing by 7 points or fewer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Championship&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English cricket county championship&lt;/a&gt; has for many, many years used a bonus points scheme were teams are given points based on their first innings performance (both batting and bowling).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these can produce situations similar to the one you have highlighted where a team with fewer wins is higher in the standings than one with more wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-01-24T10:26:21.320" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27657" CreationDate="2023-01-25T14:29:38.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the official FIA sporting regulations document listed on the FIA site, there's not a specific set of procedures for the scenario that you are painting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if this scenario were to happen, it would be at the discretion of the race director on the day to either keep the practice/race going, or Abort/Red Flag the session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The logical option would be to follow the same procedures to restarting a wet-weather session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some steps that may be taken as per the Sporting regulations document:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.4.6&lt;/strong&gt; Should it become necessary to stop any practice session because the circuit is blocked by an&#xA;accident or because &lt;strong&gt;weather or other conditions make it dangerous to continue&lt;/strong&gt;, the clerk of the&#xA;course will order red flags to be shown at all marshal posts and the abort lights to be shown at the&#xA;Line.&#xA;When the signal is given to stop all cars must immediately reduce speed and proceed slowly back&#xA;to the pit lane. In order to ensure that drivers reduce speed sufficiently, from the time at which&#xA;the “RED FLAG” message appears on the official messaging system until the time that each car&#xA;crosses the first safety car line when entering the pit lane, drivers must stay above the minimum&#xA;time set by the FIA ECU at least once in each marshalling sector (a marshalling sector is defined as&#xA;the section of track between each of the FIA light panels).&#xA;All cars abandoned on the track will be removed to a safe place.&#xA;At the end of each practice session no driver may cross the Line more than once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also think that section &lt;strong&gt;4.8.14 (c)&lt;/strong&gt; of the sporting regulations may also apply during the restarts, but it's too long for this post, so I've added a link to the 2022 sporting regulations below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_1_-_2020-05-27_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 FORMULA 1 SPORTING REGULATIONS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24176" LastActivityDate="2023-01-25T14:29:38.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28664" CreationDate="2023-01-26T01:16:59.693" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Power Slap president Frank Lamicella &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/JohnMorgan_MMA/status/1617911478085894145&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mentioned the following defense&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is definitely defense. There is training the head, neck, shoulder muscles, and our sports science and sports data that we put out will start to support that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reddit Head catcher &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/user/bonejonejohnson&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;onejonejohnson&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://redd.it/10gk5d5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mentioned the following defense&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tensing the neck, clenching the jaw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastActivityDate="2023-01-26T01:16:59.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-26T19:30:03.513" Score="1" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I entered a 2 pound burger eating contest and I've been researching water training. Water training helps with stretching the stomach to consume more in capacity, but I'm curious if water training also helps with the speed in which I eat since the quickest to eat the 2 pound burger wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24836" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-06-05T06:31:56.553" LastActivityDate="2024-03-01T09:00:17.050" Title="Does water training help with competitive eating speed?" Tags="|training|competitive-eating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28680" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-27T00:07:21.023" Score="1" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just wondering what the record wins (during the super bowl era) is of a 4th place team. For example, Washington commanders went 8-8-1 (.500) this year. Any team do any better to still come in 4th place in their division?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19363" LastActivityDate="2023-01-27T01:57:49.740" Title="What is the best finish of a 4th place NFL team in their division" Tags="|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28680" CreationDate="2023-01-27T01:57:38.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are (at least) three times a 4th place division team finished 8-8.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007 Eagles: 8-8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2007 Texans: 8-8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2008 Saints: 8-8&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is since the 2002 realignment. I reckon there are better cases before then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24837" LastEditorDisplayName="user24837" LastEditDate="2023-01-27T01:57:49.740" LastActivityDate="2023-01-27T01:57:49.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28679" CreationDate="2023-01-27T02:07:21.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Water training, by itself, does not improve speed in eating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Preparation within 24 hours before the competition is key:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Max out how much you can eat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drink water an hour after maxing out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wake up 6 hours before your competition and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Drink water and have a liquid meal replacement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't done an eating competition in years, but I was usually faster because I had confidence that I could eat more. In my experience, knowing I can eat more meant I could eat faster but YMMV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24837" LastActivityDate="2023-01-27T02:07:21.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28684" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-28T14:43:06.090" Score="1" ViewCount="936" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2486&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2486&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a football club rankings for almost all the clubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a formula for calculating the points for these rankings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched for it but could never find it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2023-01-28T14:45:20.920" LastActivityDate="2024-02-23T01:08:51.073" Title="IFFHS football club rankings formula?" Tags="|football|ranking|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10565" CreationDate="2023-01-28T16:54:51.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s really bad for knees to play on hard court. My entire life as a player has been ruined. Nothing can save the knee, one must not play on hard court regularly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24842" LastActivityDate="2023-01-28T16:54:51.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28692" CreationDate="2023-01-28T18:17:34.983" Score="-4" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do F1 teams officially release the original 3D CAD models of all parts of their F1 cars to the public? Quite definitely, as long as the existing FIA regulations are more or less similar, teams are not bound to release the drawings, but have Ferrari, for example, released the detailed engineering drawings of the 312B (1970 F1 car) or F2004 (2004 F1 car)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21731" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-01-28T19:05:56.827" LastActivityDate="2023-02-01T14:05:20.543" Title="Do F1 teams release the original 3D CAD models of their cars?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28684" CreationDate="2023-01-28T22:51:25.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a formula for this club ranking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A club is given a point each time they win a regular season game in their domestic league or continental club competition such as UEFA Champions League or  Copa Libertadores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A team receives 4 points for a win and 2 points for a draw in the top domestic league, and fewer points for the second, third, and fourth-tier league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A win in the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores won 14 points and a win in the AFC or CAF Champions League won 12 points. A draw is always half the points of win. A second-tier continental competition gives less points that the top-tier competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full table can be found in the archived version of the original document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20131002064048/http://www.iffhs.de/?bc83ccac3be8e00390b02fc5fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeed10a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Point table&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original document on the IFFHS website was removed but the archived version exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-01-28T22:51:25.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28690" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-01-30T18:43:40.873" Score="1" ViewCount="401" Body="&lt;p&gt;I havent played Madden for years, but I picked up last year's Madden and saw they had a Nickelodeon field with Spongebob characters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7wgBL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7wgBL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask this respectfully - what does Spongebob have to do with Madden or the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24849" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-01-30T20:04:01.787" LastActivityDate="2023-01-30T20:04:01.787" Title="What connection is there between SpongeBob SquarePants and the NFL?" Tags="|nfl|media|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28690" CreationDate="2023-01-30T19:03:39.313" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nickelodeon has, since 2021, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_on_Nickelodeon&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;occasionally broadcast NFL games&lt;/a&gt;. During those broadcasts, they often feature &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SpongeBob SquarePants&lt;/a&gt;, possibly the most well-known Nickelodeon original character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stadium was added to Madden &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/8/22220669/madden-spongebob-squarepants-field-reef-top-the-yard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;to coincide with the first Nickelodeon game&lt;/a&gt;, a wildcard playoff between Chicago and New Orleans in January 2021.  Although not public, it is reasonable to guess this might have been a paid tie-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-01-30T19:03:39.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28686" CreationDate="2023-02-01T12:46:51.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general terms &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;, and why would they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, there's no real competitive issue going to be caused for the current cars in Ferrari releasing detailed information on the F2004 but there's no &lt;em&gt;benefit&lt;/em&gt; for Ferrari as an organisation either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The older cars might not be racing any more but that makes their designs no less the teams intellectual property. I'm sure Ferrari wouldn't be amused if ACME Cars Inc released their new track day car the EFFTWOOHOHFOUR based on said CAD files for example. Not least because Ferrari has it's own nice little &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/corse-clienti/f1-clienti&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;side line&lt;/a&gt; charging those with deep pockets a not inconsiderable sum to drive around in their older cars. So the older cars might no longer be competition assets but they can definitely still be &lt;em&gt;commercial&lt;/em&gt; assets.&#xA;The private market for F1 and &amp;quot;F1-based&amp;quot; car ownership might not be huge in &lt;em&gt;volume&lt;/em&gt; terms but there's some eye-watering amounts of money changing hands for these cars - a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tour-de-force.co.uk/tdf-one-home/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;TDF-One&lt;/a&gt; which started life as a 2011 Sauber or Marussia will set you back £1.5million&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's complicated even further by the fact that not every part of the car is even the team's IP either. The majority of the teams don't design and manufacture their own engines, gearboxes, brakes, control electronics, wheels so unless the respective manufacturers of these parts are willing to also release their CAD data such a release by the team is going to have significant chunks missing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we step away from the legal and commercial aspects for a moment and look at what such a release would mean for a curious fan. Well assuming the fan could get their hands on the appropriate CAD software to even open the files (I think something like Catia or Siemens NX is what teams will use) is a pretty big stretch, we're talking about something that costs thousands of dollars in licensing costs!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But let's say they've done that - what is the layperson getting from that? If you aren't already in the industry it's not going to mean much to you anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="16857" LastEditDate="2023-02-01T14:05:20.543" LastActivityDate="2023-02-01T14:05:20.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28696" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-05T01:18:08.500" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you have to switch from running in shallow water to swimming (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/xwYwUPVPLnM?t=7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Iron Man with a a swimming start for example&lt;/a&gt;) and since it is competition you want to be as fast as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If water is knee deep then running is usually faster than swimming. On the other hand in neck-deep water swimming is obviously faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules of thumb / experiments on when you should switch between swimming and running / walking to maximize your speed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24864" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-05T06:06:59.130" LastActivityDate="2023-02-10T23:51:32.267" Title="Shallow water: running vs swimming" Tags="|tactics|triathlon|multisport|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28697" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use this tag for questions about multisport events that do not currently have their own tag, or where the question applies to more than one distinct multisport event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag for a question about Iron Man races.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag for questions about pentathlon or heptathlon (which are not multisport events, but rather combined competitions of multiple sports).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not&lt;/strong&gt; use this tag for a question that is only about biathlon or triathlon (those tags exist); &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do&lt;/strong&gt; consider it for a question that is directly relevant to both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" LastActivityDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28698" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" Score="0" Body="For questions about multisport events, events which combine a variety of other sports into a single continuous race." OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" LastActivityDate="2023-02-05T06:24:36.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28699" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-06T03:19:11.313" Score="1" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;In bowling, if a pin is “nudged” from its original location (by the ball or another pin’ after the first ball is bowled, is that pin’s new position saved and restored by the pinsetter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this even possible with newer “string pin” bowling machines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24870" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-02-06T14:47:46.647" LastActivityDate="2024-03-02T23:03:15.413" Title="Do bowling pin setters restore standing pins to their exact previous location?" Tags="|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3776" CreationDate="2023-02-06T06:38:42.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll answer using baseball, with which I am more familiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that the end of the game is the most critical time period, all other things being equal. In baseball, that means the ninth inning is the most crucial, then the eighth (starting from the beginning of the inning). That's why the best reliever &amp;quot;closes&amp;quot; the game in the ninth inning, and the second best plays &amp;quot;setup&amp;quot; man in the eighth. The worst relievers are placed in the &amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; innings, in the gap between the starter and setup man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What defies this conventional wisdom is that critical points sometimes occur earlier in the game. Say a tired starter puts allows two runners on base with no outs in the sixth inning, and needs to be relieved. Under these circumstances, this particular sixth inning is more critical than the beginning of the ninth inning normally is. There is now a school of thought (still very much a minority) that believes that your best reliever should be brought in at this point of the game, rather than the ninth inning because recent events (the last two batters) have made this juncture &amp;quot;high leverage.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the football example, the defending team judged correctly that using the time out in the &amp;quot;red zone&amp;quot; could save at least the difference between a touchdown and a field goal, and in fact, as it turned out, the field goal itself. Even though the last two minutes of a football game are usually the most crucial (and when time outs are most likely to be used), the red zone situation turned out to be more critical than &amp;quot;the last two minutes&amp;quot; usually are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2023-02-06T06:38:42.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28699" CreationDate="2023-02-06T18:17:29.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't know anything about a string pinsetter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a traditional pinsetter there are 10 spotting tongs above the pin holes in the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pin is too far off, the pin won't even line up with one of the holes, and the setter will knock it over on the way down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a pin does appear in one of the holes, the tongs will close and drive the pin into a line with them closed.  As the tongs are aligned front-to-back when closed, there's a bit of play in that direction that would be kept.  But any side-to-side nudge will be lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-02-06T18:17:29.880" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28703" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-09T06:42:31.467" Score="0" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was recorded as a steal. I'm wondering how this can be justified. It looks like McDaniels tries to tip it in. If that's the case, then how can it be ruled a steal? Here is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/stats/events?CFID=&amp;amp;CFPARAMS=&amp;amp;ContextMeasure=STL&amp;amp;EndPeriod=0&amp;amp;EndRange=28800&amp;amp;GameID=0022200828&amp;amp;PlayerID=1631117&amp;amp;RangeType=0&amp;amp;Season=2022-23&amp;amp;SeasonType=Regular%20Season&amp;amp;StartPeriod=0&amp;amp;StartRange=0&amp;amp;TeamID=1610612762&amp;amp;flag=1&amp;amp;sct=plot&amp;amp;section=game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;clip&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24875" LastEditorUserId="24875" LastEditDate="2023-02-09T15:38:11.463" LastActivityDate="2023-02-11T08:36:03.753" Title="Is this a steal or a block and rebound?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|nba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28706" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-10T19:40:10.383" Score="0" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious about Russell Westbrook who was an 84.5% free throw shooter with high volume in 2016 only to be sub 70% since with no prior history of such performance. Is there anything that can be pointed to when free throw percentage degrades in this manner? His volume has decreased but I wouldn't think a smaller sample size would lead to such an extreme skew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24887" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-24T08:25:12.250" LastActivityDate="2024-01-24T08:25:12.250" Title="What causes free throw percentage degredation?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28696" CreationDate="2023-02-10T23:27:41.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was participating in triathlons with running starts, I'd run until I couldn't swing my legs over the water anymore. Then I'd transition to a &amp;quot;frog jump&amp;quot; (dive forward and down — grab and hold the bottom — push off again) until about waist deep or so. Then full-on swimming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24888" LastEditorUserId="24888" LastEditDate="2023-02-10T23:51:32.267" LastActivityDate="2023-02-10T23:51:32.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28703" CreationDate="2023-02-11T08:36:03.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'd have to ask the scorekeeper to be sure; however, I suspect the direct answer is that the ball never cleared the rim after the touch, so they decided he did not successfully get a shot off.  He probably intended to try and shoot it, but when the positioning and timing didn't work out, it became a bad pass instead of a shot that was rebounded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-02-11T08:36:03.753" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28717" CreationDate="2023-02-13T09:45:53.463" Score="0" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall reading a story in the 1980s — but I don't recall when it was supposed to have happened — about an American-football game.  (I &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; it was a college game.)  A team thought it most advantageous to kick a field goal, but was too close to get a good angle.  So the manager sent replacement players in, the players on the field refused to leave, and so it went until the referee called a delay-of-game penalty of some few yards, enough to get the kicker a better angle.  (Of course, I may have gotten some of the details wrong.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(My main question.)  Does anyone know when this happened, with what teams, etc.?  A Web search isn't helping me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Just out of additional curiosity.)  I don't know that much about football, but why can't the kicker just pull back a few yards without having been penalized?  I'd think a team is allowed to create its own &amp;quot;disadvantage&amp;quot; (quotation marks because it wasn't actually a disadvantage in this case.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="354" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-02-15T21:00:16.463" LastActivityDate="2023-02-15T21:00:16.463" Title="Delay of game to get a better field-goal angle" Tags="|american-football|match-identification|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28715" CreationDate="2023-02-13T21:04:06.190" Score="1" ViewCount="746" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the rules when playing doubles? If the serving player (or the one receiving the serve) is naturally positioned at the baseline, should his/her partner be at the net (or more generally, at &amp;quot;the front&amp;quot;)? If so, is it a requirement or simply a &amp;quot;best practice&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking because I prefer to always stay at the baseline, but I'm often pestered by my partners who insist that I go to the net when they are serving (or receiving the serve).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I'm not asking whether my choice is &amp;quot;strategically&amp;quot; the best, but rather whether it is a allowed by the official rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24899" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T05:39:17.197" Title="Tennis: When playing doubles, is it not allowed for both players to be at the baseline?" Tags="|rules|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28714" CreationDate="2023-02-14T05:39:17.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, only the server prior to the serve is constrained on where to stand.  Other players may stand anywhere that does not interfere with their opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you don't want to distract your partner, and strategically you don't want to abandon the net.  But there is no rule prohibition on standing back when your partner serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the USTA &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/coach-organize/content-fragments/resource-library/assets/pdfs/2023-Friend-at-Court.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Friend at Court&lt;/a&gt; Rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hindrance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 5: In doubles, where are the server’s partner and receiver’s partner allowed&#xA;to stand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decision: The server’s partner and the receiver’s partner may take any position on&#xA;their own side of the net, inside or outside the court. However, if a player is creating a&#xA;hindrance to the opponent(s), the hindrance rule should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-02-14T05:39:17.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28725" CreationDate="2023-02-14T14:15:15.993" Score="0" ViewCount="1824" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a stats which is appearing frequently lately in soccer websites, which is named &amp;quot;big chances created&amp;quot;, probably taken from one of those companies making statistics from the matches. What does this mean and how it's counted? Obviously it doesnt mean assists, because assists is shown appart as another stats entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-14T17:05:36.477" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T04:30:19.213" Title="What does the &quot;big chances created&quot; stats mean in Soccer?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28713" CreationDate="2023-02-15T07:36:04.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://deadsplinter.com/strange-but-true-coachs-orders/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Found it!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Rose Bowl game of January 1, 1950 between Ohio State and California, the score was tied at 14-all, with less than a minute and a half to play. Ohio State had the ball on California’s 6-yard line, fourth down, 3 yards to go. Coach Wes Fesler pointed to his kicking specialist Jim Hague and told him to go into the game to try a field goal. Dick Widdoes was also sent in to hold the ball for Hague.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when the kicker and his holder trotted onto the field, three Ohio State players began to scream at them. “Go back! Go back! We want the touchdown!”… Hague returned to coach Fesler, who was now enraged.…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this time, Ohio state had taken too much time. The referee picked up the football and marched off a 5-yard penalty for delay of game. He placed the ball down on the California 11-yard line, on the hash mark 20 yards in from the sidelines. Now it would be foolish to try for the touchdown.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Hague finally got into the huddle, Krall and Hamilton, now smiling, trotted off the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“What’s the big idea?” Hague demanded in the huddle.… Morrison pointed out that if the play had started on the 6-yard line, the kicking angle would be bad. The five-yard penalty made the kick longer, but improved the angle. The Ohio State players had disobeyed the coach in order to get a penalty!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Holder Widdoes knelt at the California 18-yard line. The ball came back and he placed it down. Hague stepped forward and kicked. The ball just made it over the crossbar. The kick was good, and Ohio State won, 17-14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="354" LastActivityDate="2023-02-15T07:36:04.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24556" CreationDate="2023-02-16T03:19:25.353" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A player can score more than 147 by scoring foul points. The 'miss' rule means high foul point totals are not uncommon.&#xA;The highest individual frame score is 178-6 (Jimmy Robertson 2021) beating the previous 167-6 (Dale 1999). Yesterday Milkins beat Selby 164-0 (Welsh Open 2023) - this may be the record frame score to nil.&#xA;Links: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.snooker.org/plr/records.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.snooker.org/plr/records.shtml&lt;/a&gt;   and.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cuetracker.net/head-to-head/nigel-bond/dominic-dale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cuetracker.net/head-to-head/nigel-bond/dominic-dale&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24904" LastActivityDate="2023-02-16T03:19:25.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28721" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-16T13:07:10.027" Score="1" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;So apparently, &lt;a href=&quot;https://tennis-infinity.com/wta/why-world-no-10-rybakina-will-need-to-play-qualifying-at-wta-500-event&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elena Rybakina who is world no. 10 would have to play qualifying at a recent WTA event if she wouldn't withdraw&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if it's possible that it would somehow happen that world number one will have to play the qualifying in ATP or WTA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24907" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-05-31T10:25:11.830" LastActivityDate="2023-05-31T10:25:11.830" Title="Can world no. 1 in tennis play qualifying?" Tags="|tennis|ranking|qualifying|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-16T19:59:54.987" Score="3" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;The National Football League (NFL) publishes their &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2022-nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Rulebook online&lt;/a&gt; and updates it each year. This defines all aspects of gameplay, penalties, and numerous other topics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One topic I have been interested in is how Officials are supposed to conduct themselves during game play and what guidance they are given from the NFL in carrying out their duties. However, there is not much to go on... the only thing I can find in the Rulebook is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 19. Officials&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Section 1 - Officials&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Article 4. Responsibilities and Mechanics&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Officiating responsibilities and mechanics are specified in the &lt;strong&gt;Mechanics Manual&lt;/strong&gt;, published annually by the National Football League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I cannot find the referred to &amp;quot;Mechanics Manual&amp;quot; on the NFL Operations website. Is it published publically or only internally by the NFL? If publically, where can I view it or obtain a copy from?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16057" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T04:19:23.923" Title="Is the NFL's Mechanics Manual publically available?" Tags="|american-football|officiating|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28722" CreationDate="2023-02-17T04:19:23.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. It is not publicly available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some alternatives might be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=FlzIDwAAQBAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Manual of Football Officiating (18th edition, perfect bound)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfhs.org/media/869192/2011-3-official-football-mechanics.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nfhs.org/media/869192/2011-3-official-football-mechanics.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &amp;lt;--- This is for high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T04:19:23.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28721" CreationDate="2023-02-17T04:25:29.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the player was ranked No. 1 when the draw is decided, then it would not happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a quite rare case that Rybakina, who is currently ranked No 10, should have to play in qualifying, though she finally withdrew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the draw was decided, Rybakina was ranked No 25, and only 12 players were invited directly into the main draw. So she should have played qualifying. But she did very well in the Australia Open which is later than the Qatar Total open draw, she rose up to No 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T04:25:29.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28716" CreationDate="2023-02-17T04:30:19.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a quantitative definition of the 'big chance.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opta, sports statistics platform, defines a big chance as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A situation where a player should reasonably be expected to score, usually in a one on one scenario or from very close range when the ball has a clear path to goal and there is low to moderate pressure on the shooter. Penalties are always considered big chances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.statsperform.com/opta-event-definitions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.statsperform.com/opta-event-definitions/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-02-17T04:30:19.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-21T10:32:40.260" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct ruling in the following situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Runners on first (R1) and second (R2)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Batter gets a hit and is out before reaching first (fewer than three outs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R1 and R2 advance; R1 touches second correctly, but R2 misses third base.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R1 and R2 continue to advance, R1 touches third correctly but R2 notices that they have missed third and tries to come back to touch.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is R1 out for having passed R2, or can they return to third/second base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24920" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T11:48:44.293" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T11:48:44.293" Title="What happens if the leading baserunner misses a base?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28732" CreationDate="2023-02-21T17:36:07.400" Score="0" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;How was this play able to happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/DO4h-fH_vu8?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24923" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T18:40:58.397" Title="Can a baserunner &quot;steal&quot; first base?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28730" CreationDate="2023-02-21T18:40:58.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/stolen-base&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB stats&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A stolen base occurs when a baserunner advances by taking a base to which he isn't entitled. This generally occurs when a pitcher is throwing a pitch, but it can also occur while the pitcher still has the ball or is attempting a pickoff, or as the catcher is throwing the ball back to the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that steals happen (or are at least initiated) when the ball is not yet put in play by the batter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video, Baez puts the ball in play and is therefore entitled to first base.  It's poor defense (both execution and decisions), but it's just the batter becoming a runner and advancing safely to first base (and then advancing to second on the bad throw).  No steal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T18:40:58.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28733" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-21T19:39:18.613" Score="1" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball gets embedded in the outfield wall, what is the ruling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lv3On.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lv3On.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24924" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T21:14:42.153" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T21:15:26.340" Title="How does a ball that gets embedded in the outfield wall be handled?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28733" CreationDate="2023-02-21T20:13:38.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be covered by the ground rules of wherever the game is being played, but a common treatment for such an unplayable ball would be to declare it a ground-rule double.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T20:13:38.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28733" CreationDate="2023-02-21T20:29:43.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;High school baseball considers this a &amp;quot;lodged ball&amp;quot; and is considered a dead ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A baseball that remains on the playing field but has become wedged, stuck, lost, or unreachable, is defined to be a lodged ball. If the ball impacts any object in the course of play, stops abruptly, and does not fall or roll immediately, it is considered lodged. It is a dead ball (5-1-1f-3,4; 5-1-1g-4).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfhs.org/sports-resource-content/baseball-rules-changes-2023/#:%7E:text=A%20baseball%20that%20remains%20on,1%2D1g%2D4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFHS&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24925" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-02-21T21:15:26.340" LastActivityDate="2023-02-21T21:15:26.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-22T16:52:43.837" Score="1" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;MLB calls this a &amp;quot;grand slam single.&amp;quot; How is that possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/CpWyGSJMqlM?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24929" LastActivityDate="2023-02-22T20:16:36.087" Title="What is a &quot;grand slam single&quot;?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28736" CreationDate="2023-02-22T17:51:15.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a tie game in extra innings and the home team is at bat, the game is over as soon as the winning run is scored. So even though the batter hit a homerun and the bases are loaded (hence a &amp;quot;grand slam&amp;quot;), once the runner crosses home plate and the batter reaches first, there's no reason for the other runners continuing. You can see the team celebrating with the batter in the field and because he didn't touch all the bases, so it was officially scored as a single.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2023-02-22T17:51:15.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27872" CreationDate="2023-02-22T18:13:53.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, if it was the FIRST point of the set, your move is legal. It's been ruled that way in pro doubles matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;This famously happened to John Barrett, a former British tennis player and commentator. Apparently he wasn't happy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24930" LastActivityDate="2023-02-22T18:13:53.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28736" CreationDate="2023-02-22T20:16:36.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;grand slam single&amp;quot; isn't an official term.  As the batter hit a home run with the bases loaded, he would normally be allowed to touch all the bases and have all 4 runners score (7.02(g)(3)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But after the ball was struck, teammates came onto the field to celebrate and prevented him from continuing to second base.  You can see a quick shot Ventura waving to keep them away so he could finish, but they didn't depart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the approved ruling, if the batter does something to cause him to be out (in this case 5.09(b)(2), abandoning an effort to touch the next base after having touched first base), then the game is over after the winning run scores.  The batter is credited with a single and (in this case) one RBI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-02-22T20:16:36.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-02-26T10:50:24.887" Score="1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to take Spanish soccer league players and clubs data from a business API.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The purpose is to generate a quiz app with questions as &amp;quot;Which player has scored more goals this season?&amp;quot; and try to earn a bit with advertisements and subscriptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if I could do the same for NFL if it is not very expensive to take the data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24863" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-02-27T13:02:34.457" LastActivityDate="2023-04-06T04:12:26.067" Title="Where can I find data of NFL players and clubs?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28256" CreationDate="2023-02-28T02:49:43.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flashscore, which you linked in your question, is made and managed by a Czech company that grew quite a lot throughout the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to few interviews with their representatives that I read in my native tongue (Polish), there are various sources of scores and other updates. The main one, for popular events, is just people in their offices watching matches transmitted a bit faster than in TV on multiple screens and using their applications to quickly change scores and select appriopriate events or commentary messages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Matches from lower leagues that are not broadcasted are usually updated with less info by trusted sources that are watching them live on-site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24944" LastEditorUserId="24944" LastEditDate="2023-02-28T02:50:12.177" LastActivityDate="2023-02-28T02:50:12.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28425" CreationDate="2023-03-01T09:26:57.750" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a game of pickleball doubles, the score 4-7-2 means that the serving team has 4 points, the opposing team has 7 points, and it is the serving team's second serve. If the serving team wins the point, the score becomes 5-7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is whether the serving number resets to 1 after a point is won on the second serve. The answer is no, the serving number does not reset. The score would become 5-7-2, with the serving team still serving their second serve. The serving number only resets at the start of a new game or if the serving team loses a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24946" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-03-01T09:43:50.423" LastActivityDate="2023-03-01T09:43:50.423" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28749" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28755" CreationDate="2023-03-01T16:35:38.137" Score="2" ViewCount="888" Body="&lt;p&gt;For some reason I assume to have seen someone with the name in this style on the shirt, but I cannot remember the name. For example, Lionel Messi would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LIONEL.M&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24949" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-03-01T16:53:46.857" LastActivityDate="2023-07-31T02:11:54.137" Title="Has there been a football (soccer) player with first name, full stop and first letter of surname on the kit?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28749" CreationDate="2023-03-01T17:09:53.460" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happens when multiple players have the same last name, so their first name initial is added to distinguish them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, you usually see the first letter of the first name coming before the last name. But that's likely due to cultural reason and how in most western countries, you say your first then last name. In other cultures, it could be the order in OP's question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, here are 2 picture of Hazard brothers (Eden and Thorgan) playing for Belgium:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qymCe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qymCe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Eden &amp;amp; Thorgan Hazard 1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pgEA6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pgEA6.png&quot; alt=&quot;Eden &amp;amp; Thorgan Hazard 2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since they obviously have the same last name, the first letter of their first names are added to distinguish them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lukaku brothers used to play together also for Belgium, here is a picture of Romelu Lukaku in the same format:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1zt6H.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1zt6H.png&quot; alt=&quot;Rumolu Lukaku&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But also note that players don't have to have their last name on the jersey. Some opt in for a first name (ex, Darwin Nunuez) and some a nickname (ex, Pele), so it's possible a player could opt in for such a format voluntarily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-03-01T17:09:53.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28752" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-01T21:17:54.070" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OhiST.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OhiST.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;I have a question about offsides like in the picture below. Let's say 2 offensive players are in a 2 vs 1 against goalkeeper... they already beat last defender. The offensive player then passes the ball to his teammate while both are in front of goalkeeper. Is it offsides when the player receives the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24951" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-03-02T09:08:29.600" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T09:08:29.600" Title="Soccer Offsides" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2023-03-02T05:30:40.483" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-02T09:43:36.060" Score="1" ViewCount="974" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about baseball rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R1 starts on 1B and goes to 3B legally, now, until the play has finished, I mean pitcher on the mound, can R1 go back to his starting 1B first base ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24952" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-03-02T17:13:15.057" LastActivityDate="2023-08-01T11:04:15.480" Title="Can a runner run back to their original base?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28753" CreationDate="2023-03-02T15:58:33.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple answer to all your questions is &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; - runners can retreat if they wish, so long as they obey all the normal rules for running the bases (staying within the base paths, touching all bases, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very rarely a good idea of course - about the only situation in which a runner might do this is if two runners end up in the vicinity of the same base, at which point one of them may attempt to retreat in order to avoid an out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T15:58:33.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28749" CreationDate="2023-03-02T16:45:09.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I've spent a couple of minutes on a football jersey website and I've managed to find one example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Moreno&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alberto Moreno&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tILB2.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tILB2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Alberto M. jersey&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if he's the only who chose to use this peculiar way of writing the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T16:45:09.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28753" CreationDate="2023-03-02T17:13:56.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;, two rules apply under 5.06:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5.06(b)(1):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) In advancing, a runner shall touch first, second, third and home base in order. If forced to return, he shall retouch all bases in reverse order, unless the ball is dead under any provision of Rule 5.06(c). In such cases, the runner may go directly to his original base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5.06(a) comment:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 5.06(a)/5.06(c) Comment: If a runner legally acquires title to a base, and the pitcher assumes his pitching position, the runner may not return to a previously occupied base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such: yes, players may return to bases previously touched (so long as they retouch them in the proper order), so long as there is not a trailing runner (in which case that runner must also cooperate), and so long as the pitcher has not assumed a pitching position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T17:13:56.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28757" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-02T19:04:14.930" Score="1" ViewCount="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about baseball rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;R1 go to 3B base, R2 missed 3B, so R1 retreat to 3B and R3 touches 3B, in this case R2 can retreat to 2B and R1 can back to 2B or even 1B?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24954" LastEditorUserId="24954" LastEditDate="2023-03-02T19:05:36.460" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T19:05:36.460" Title="Can a runner run back to their original base after missing the latest base?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-02T19:50:10.670" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about baseball rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;forced play, R1 goes in 2B, BR in 1B &amp;gt; R1 misses 3B can he retreat to&#xA;3B and after to 2B? And BR can retreat, after is on 3B, to 1B?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24955" LastActivityDate="2023-03-02T19:50:10.670" Title="Can a runner run back to their original base on a forced play?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28760" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28761" CreationDate="2023-03-03T08:59:55.130" Score="1" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned that if two players sack cooperatively, each defender gets 0.5 sacks in their statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then what happens if three players make a sack together?&#xA;Is it 0.333 sacks, or still 0.5 sacks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-04-06T04:10:06.953" Title="What happens if three defenders sack together?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28760" CreationDate="2023-03-03T16:15:40.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the NFL when multiple players sack the QB, they're all awarded a half a sack, regardless of how many players have been involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's explanation &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarterback_sack#Statistical_record_rules&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player will receive credit for half of a sack when multiple players contribute to the sacking of a quarterback, even if more than two players contributed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that a sack is not a rule. Rather a term for when a QB is taken down behind the line of scrimmage. So since it's a statistical term, you won't find an answer in usual sources like the NFL rules handbook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-03-03T16:15:40.620" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-04T11:53:40.177" Score="1" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a baserunner run back to their starting base in a stealing base situation?&#xA;R1 steals legally 2B and 3B but then he wants to come back ti 1B, is legal ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24961" LastActivityDate="2023-03-07T20:06:18.470" Title="Can a runner run back to their original base during a stealing base?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-04T19:13:14.253" Score="1" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am training my first step to be quicker for basketball and was wondering if anyone has advice on my form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Video seen here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://photos.app.goo.gl/Uj1HweNgUhWoGabk9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://photos.app.goo.gl/Uj1HweNgUhWoGabk9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24962" LastActivityDate="2023-03-04T19:13:14.253" Title="How can I know whether I'm over-striding on my first step acceleration?" Tags="|running|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28770" CreationDate="2023-03-05T01:17:50.483" Score="1" ViewCount="509" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I am watching NBA G. League games, it is very surprising that they give only one free throw in a situation where two or three free throws should have been given. Instead, each throw was considered two or three points respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this unique rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-03-05T21:02:12.153" LastActivityDate="2023-03-05T21:02:12.153" Title="Why can free throws be worth 2 or 3 points in the G League?" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-05T03:36:27.257" Score="-2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the 1997 European Grand Prix, three drivers - Jacques Villeneuve, Michael Schumacher and Heinz-Harald Frentzen - set identical times in qualifying. The FIA gave the pole to Villeneuve since he was the first driver to set the time. I can understand that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if this situation happened in a race where, on the last lap, two drivers reached the chequered flag at the same time. What would happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the winner be the person who had spent the most laps in the lead, or would it be the person who had qualified the furthest up the field?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user24813" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-03-05T09:21:41.867" LastActivityDate="2023-03-05T09:21:41.867" Title="What is two or more drivers cross the chequered flag at the same time?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28766" CreationDate="2023-03-05T09:00:16.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/formula_1_-_sporting_regulations_-_2022_-_iss_4_-_2022-02-18.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 FIA Sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.1 Prizes and points awarded for all the positions of Competitors who tie, will be added together and shared equally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both drivers would be classified as finishing in the first position and with the same time.  Not counting any other points gained (such as for fastest lap), both drivers would be awarded (25 + 18)/2 or 21.5 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-03-05T09:00:16.293" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28765" CreationDate="2023-03-05T09:04:55.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA uses the G League to experiment with new rules. This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nba.com/news/g-league-experiment-free-throw-rule-official-release&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;free-throw rule&lt;/a&gt; is one of those experiments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16085" LastActivityDate="2023-03-05T09:04:55.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28765" CreationDate="2023-03-05T09:05:04.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason is to speed up the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/nba-g-league-reportedly-changes-free-throw-rule-single-shot-will-now-count-for-all-potential-points/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS Sports&lt;/a&gt; article by Sam Quinn in 2019 when the rule was introduced:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The goal of the new rule is to shave time off of games.&lt;/strong&gt; Basketball&#xA;games typically have the shortest run-time among major professional&#xA;sports, but according to Lowe, G League officials estimate that this&#xA;move should cut around six to eight minutes from the league's average.&#xA;The rule is being tested in the G League now ostensibly to see if it&#xA;would be viable at the NBA level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-03-05T09:05:04.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28771" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-05T23:53:36.757" Score="2" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/ORGnShGmHcY?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At 0:48, Djokovic intentionally waits for the ball to bounce twice and returns it to score a point. Can a tennis ball bounce multiple times and still be returned like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24966" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-04-04T06:42:46.890" LastActivityDate="2023-04-04T06:42:46.890" Title="Can a tennis ball bounce multiple times and still be returned?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28772" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-06T11:34:29.210" Score="2" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I catch a pass while jumping next to my sideline and land with one foot in and then step out of bounds, in the NFL, that's not a complete pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if I catch it on the one foot and then hop a few times -- while I have 1 foot in bounds, I take more than 1 step!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the rule about 2 (different) feet inbounds or 2 steps (the way a completed pass needs a step taken)? What if I were to keep hopping and move forward ten yards and then fall out of bounds (imagine a player who gets an ankle hurt while running a route and can't put the injured foot down) -- is that complete and in-bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taken to an extreme, can a one legged player ever complete a reception while standing? (if he kneels or sits, other body parts touch the ground and they substitute for the leg).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not being silly here -- I have seen players catch a pass, land on one foot and then take a quick hop and THEN fall out of bounds (not in the NFL). I don't know if that would count as 2 feet in or not (the one foot lands twice after the completion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(the one answer I got was that the catch would be complete but not legally in-bounds, making it both complete and incomplete at the same time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24967" LastActivityDate="2023-11-24T04:34:20.927" Title="NFL rules question (completed pass)" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28763" CreationDate="2023-03-06T21:58:43.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the scenario you describe, no. Rule 5.09(b)(10) in the MLB rules, for example, prohibits running the bases in reverse order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2023-03-06T21:58:43.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28772" CreationDate="2023-03-08T00:44:51.840" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No; if a player hops with one foot and never places the other foot in bounds, then the player is out of bounds and it is not a completed catch.  From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2022-nfl-rulebook/#rule8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rulebook&lt;/a&gt;, rule 8.1.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A forward pass is complete (by the offense) or intercepted (by the defense) in the field of play, at the sideline, or in the end zone if a player, who is inbounds: ... touches the ground inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both feet are explicitly required - not one foot multiple times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-03-08T00:44:51.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28780" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28781" CreationDate="2023-03-09T12:47:18.503" Score="1" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;Losing my mind over this basic sum of percentages that I am using to calculate arbitrage bets: there are 3 odds of the same match (1.91 + 16.50 + 10.50), their % sum is ~68,2%, so the profit amounts to ~31,8%. However, when I calculate how much (total) money should I put on each odd to get 131,8€ as a secure profit (should be 100€) using this &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/93R3D.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/93R3D.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;formula&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; it gives me ~89,5 instead of 100. What am I doing wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24973" LastActivityDate="2023-03-09T13:53:31.977" Title="Struggling with arbitrage %" Tags="|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28780" CreationDate="2023-03-09T13:43:02.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have threeway bets with odds o1, o2, and o3, then 1/o1, 1/o2, 1/o3 are the ratios in which you want to divide the bet. (One way to look at this is that you want to win the same amount either way. I will include some links with the explanations below.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case you have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;o1=1.91, o2=16.5, o3=10.5&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/o1=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1/1.91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.5236&lt;/a&gt;, 1/o2=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1/16.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.0606&lt;/a&gt;, 1/o3=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1/10.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.9524&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;S=1/o1+1/o2+1/o3=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1/1.9%2B1/16.5%2B1/10.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.6821&lt;/a&gt;. From 1/S=1/0.6821=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1/(1/1.9%2B1/16.5%2B1/10.5)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1.4659&lt;/a&gt; you see that you can expect the profit to be 46%.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You have to bet b1=1/(o1*S)=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1.4659/1.91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.7675&lt;/a&gt;, b2=1/(o2*S)=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1.4659/16.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.0888&lt;/a&gt;, b3=1/(o3*S)=&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=1.4659/10.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;0.1396&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example if you split 100€ this way, you would get expect 46€ of profit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;bet&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;odds&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;win&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;76.75&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1.91&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=76.75*1.91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;146.59&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;8.88&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=8.88*16.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;146.54&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;13.96&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;10.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=13.96*10.5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;146.47&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should explicitly mention that arbitrages with such high profit margin are very very rare (at least in my experience).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In connection with the computation included in your screenshot, I will add that we both get the same value S=0.6821. The expected win is then 1/S=1.4659, i.e., you would have 46.5% profit. If you try the same computation with 146.59 instead of 131.8, you'll get amounts that add to 100 (if we ignore rounding error).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use rule of thumb that 1/(1-e) is approximately 1+e if e is a small number. But if you apply it to relatively big numbers (as e=0.318 in this case), the error will be much bigger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some additional links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrage_betting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Arbitrage betting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://math.stackexchange.com/q/2243689&quot;&gt;Formula to find the right variables for risk free betting&lt;/a&gt; (on Mathematics Stack Exchange)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/3163&quot;&gt;How is potential profit from an arbitrage bet (a.k.a. surebet) calculated?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-03-09T13:53:31.977" LastActivityDate="2023-03-09T13:53:31.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3126" CreationDate="2023-03-11T00:20:40.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Goalkeepers can wear caps. Field players can wear beanies. I often wear a cycling-style cap with a small brim to help when I'm looking into the sun playing keeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Yashin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lev Yashin&lt;/a&gt;, who is kind of the Russian goalkeeper version of Pele, often wore a hat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He often played wearing a cloth cap of burnt-brick colour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From The Laws of the Game, Law 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Non-dangerous protective equipment, for example headgear, facemasks&#xA;and knee and arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material&#xA;is permitted as are goalkeepers’ caps and sports spectacles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Head Covers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where head covers (excluding goalkeepers' caps) are worn, they must:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;be black or the same main colour as the shirt (provided that the players of the same team wear the same colour)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;be in keeping with the professional appearance of the player’s equipment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;not be attached to the shirt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;not be dangerous to the player wearing it or any other player (e.g. opening/closing mechanism around neck)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;not have any part(s) extending out from the surface (protruding elements)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24978" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-03-11T18:58:09.553" LastActivityDate="2023-03-11T18:58:09.553" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28789" CreationDate="2023-03-14T00:19:46.250" Score="5" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, a national football team's uniform color uses the nation's flag color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Venezuelan national football team, however, wears a burgundy color uniform which has nothing to do with their flag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any particular reason or historical context for this? Wikipedia only states this, without explaining why burgundy was chosen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Venezuela made its international debut in the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Panama in 1938, wearing the vinotinto (burgundy) color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-03-14T07:43:51.817" LastActivityDate="2023-03-16T14:39:32.023" Title="Why does Venezuelan national football team wear burgundy uniform?" Tags="|football|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28788" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-16T08:20:36.637" Score="1" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a footwork question about new FIBA rule on the layup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the new rule, the step during picking up the ball is called &amp;quot;Step 0&amp;quot;, after that one can still use two more steps (at maximum) before shooting / passing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Say now I am driving to right hand side, normally with a dribble step:  right hand pound the ball to the ground and left foot step forward at the same time. From there, if I pick up the ball and start the layup, the footwork would be like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;right foot + pick up (step 0) -&amp;gt; left foot (step 1) -&amp;gt; right foot (step 2)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ends up a same foot same hand lay up on the right hand side, which is possible but feels weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if I want to end up with a left foot layup (but still using all 0-1-2 steps)? When should I pick up the ball and the how the footwork should be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16044" LastActivityDate="2023-03-16T08:20:36.637" Title="FIBA rule: 0-1-2 layup footwork?" Tags="|basketball|fiba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28784" CreationDate="2023-03-16T14:39:32.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an article (in Spanish, and used google translate) that states they lend sport uniforms from the Venezuelan Army, which were burgundy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, the players wore a completely white uniform, while the Venezuelan Armed Forces used the famous wine color. The first to handle the concept of &amp;quot;Vinotinto&amp;quot; was the officer José Antonio Anzoátegui , who today is known as the pioneer of this nickname .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there it took several years for the nickname to be transferred to the soccer team. It was in the year 1938 , when the South American team participated in the Bolivarian Games, in Bogotá. The Venezuelan players did not have uniforms to play the tournament, so the National Guard offered to lend their sports clothing so that the national team could play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goal.com/es-cl/noticias/por-que-le-dicen-la-vinotinto-a-la-seleccion-venezolana/1mb611fmtkoxw17t8gqss0zuo1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source: goal.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2023-03-16T14:39:32.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28793" CreationDate="2023-03-18T11:15:49.927" Score="3" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst watching a Badminton tournament, I noticed these peculiar-looking equipment in front of one of the umpires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I presume this is an officiating aid, but what are they called, and what are they used for / how are they used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5kgOs.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5kgOs.png&quot; alt=&quot;Image taken from behind a Badminton umpire showing some form of equipment&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-03-18T11:58:36.967" Title="What are these Badminton umpire equipment?" Tags="|officiating|equipment|badminton|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28792" CreationDate="2023-03-18T11:58:36.967" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are prosaically called &lt;em&gt;Service Height Measuring Device&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the laws of badminton:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§9.1.6 In a correct service, the whole shuttle shall be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server’s racket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The devices are not used by the umpire, but by the service judge, and thus positioned in front of the service judge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The device has two layers of transparent plexiglass, with a line embedded in each layer. The device is set up so that the if the two lines intersect, the line you're seeing is at 115cm over the floor where the servers are standing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the service judge sees that a part of the shuttle is over the 115cm line at the moment the shuttle is hit during service, they will call out &lt;em&gt;Fault&lt;/em&gt; and hold their right arm out horizontally to indicate that the shuttle was over the line.&#xA;The umpire will say &lt;em&gt;Service Fault called, too high&lt;/em&gt;, and award a point to the receiving team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1419" LastActivityDate="2023-03-18T11:58:36.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28795" CreationDate="2023-03-18T18:24:35.273" Score="3" ViewCount="497" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a little bit of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OMZMvzd8hs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pool match&lt;/a&gt;. It appears that a 20-second shot clock was used, as they would sometimes display a countdown starting at 20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's not clear to me how the shot clock worked. For example, at 45:35, the player takes a shot and makes it, and then the cue ball comes to a stop at 45:43. But then the shot clock doesn't start until 45:53. Then at 46:04, the shot clock is down to 9 seconds and it disappears, but the player hasn't taken his next shot yet. Then at 46:23, the shot clock reappears starting at 20, and the player takes his shot with 9 seconds left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When does the shot clock start?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What causes the shot clock to stop and reset before a shot is taken?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2023-03-18T22:00:06.207" Title="How does the shot clock work in pool?" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28794" CreationDate="2023-03-18T22:00:06.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears different organizations/tournaments use different clocks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one looks to me like it's using a 30 second clock (starting after all the balls from the previous shot come to rest).  I think the TV graphics just don't bother showing the first 10 seconds of the count, but you can see the countdown &amp;quot;ring&amp;quot; is already about a third gone when the &amp;quot;20&amp;quot; appears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some tournaments, each player gets one time extension per rack.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rule-regulations/#Shot-Clock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA&lt;/a&gt; seems to prefer 25-second extensions.  To me it looks like the player has called for such an extension while considering the shot at 46:04.  When the clock reappears, it's about 30 seconds behind where it was previously, so this match might have used 30-seconds instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-03-18T22:00:06.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-21T09:06:35.740" Score="3" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;In our last cricket match, the on-strike batter hit the ball and tried to score a single run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While they try to score a run, a fielder throws the ball to the non-striker's end and the bowler tries to catch and hit the ball on stumps. However, he missed the ball but knocks the stumps, causing a stump to start to fall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball came back to the bowler's hand and he hit it on the falling stump (which was only &amp;quot;20% fallen&amp;quot;). The batter had not yet made their ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this considered out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25010" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-03-21T09:28:19.037" LastActivityDate="2023-03-21T09:28:19.037" Title="Is the batter out if the ball hits a falling stump?" Tags="|rules|cricket|wicket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28796" CreationDate="2023-03-21T09:25:49.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the second action removed the stump from the ground, probably out, although this will fall within the umpire's judgement. If the second action did not remove a stump from the ground, not out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-wicket-is-down&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29 The Wicket is Down&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.2.1. The wicket is broken fairly if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;29.3 If one bail is off, it shall be sufficient for the purpose of breaking the wicket to remove the remaining bail or to strike or pull any of the three stumps out of the ground, in any of the ways stated in 29.2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first action removed a bail but did not constitute a valid putting down of the wicket as the fielder did not have the ball at the time; therefore it is necessary to either remove the other bail or remove a stump from the ground; the ball just &lt;em&gt;hitting&lt;/em&gt; the stump is not sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As stated though, this is in the umpire's judgement - depending on the exact circumstances, they could rule that the first action had already removed the stump from the ground, at which point a ball hitting it cannot possibly put the wicket down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-03-21T09:25:49.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4636" CreationDate="2023-03-22T00:44:34.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not called a score. It's called a goal. Traditionally, announcers would say &amp;quot;he scores!&amp;quot; (usually preceded by &amp;quot;he shoots&amp;quot;) but often when talking fast they'll have already said the pronoun earlier in the sentence so it just becomes &amp;quot;scores!!&amp;quot;. This is how most English Canadian announcers say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my anecdotal experience, some US announcers tend to just say &amp;quot;SCORE!!!&amp;quot;. Could derive from &amp;quot;they score&amp;quot; but they rarely would have said &amp;quot;they&amp;quot; earlier in the sentence so personally I find it sounds lazy and incomplete. Every announcer has their own style though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25013" LastEditorUserId="25013" LastEditDate="2023-03-22T00:45:17.283" LastActivityDate="2023-03-22T00:45:17.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28802" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-24T19:14:01.940" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://wpapool.com/rules-of-play/#16Standard-Call-Shot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;WPA rules&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In games in which the shooter is required to call shots, the intended ball and pocket must be indicated for each shot if they are not obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't understand from this description if you are allowed to pocket &lt;em&gt;some other&lt;/em&gt; legal ball, but not the called one, only strike the called ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say the position is like this, with ball (1) sitting over a corner pocket X and the cueball (C) blocked by another legal ball (2), and let's say I have no other legal balls on the table (for example, only (8) left for me after these in an 8-ball game):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X \----------------&#xA;\(1)    (2)  (C)&#xA;|&#xA;|&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My options would be either to play a combination shot striking (2) and potting (1), or potting (1) by playing a kick shot off the rail not visible on this diagram.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If the game is call-shot, can I nominate ball (2) and pocket (X), yet still pot (1) with the combination shot outlined above?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25021" LastActivityDate="2023-03-24T20:49:26.133" Title="Pool: called shots and combinations" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28802" CreationDate="2023-03-24T20:49:26.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't understand from this description if you are allowed to pocket some other legal ball, but not the called one, only strike the called ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are allowed to pocket other legal balls.  But if you don't pocket your called ball, your shot has failed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the same rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Details of the shot, such as cushions struck or&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;other balls contacted or pocketed are irrelevant&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the game is call-shot, can I nominate ball (2) and pocket (X), yet still pot (1) with the combination shot outlined above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.  But if (2) doesn't fall, you did not complete the shot and don't get to remain at the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this is 8-ball, you could call the (1).  Then if only the (1) is pocketed or both the (1) and the (2) are pocketed, you would have made the shot and can continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-03-24T20:49:26.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-24T21:33:38.937" Score="3" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sport of jump rope one of the disciplines is speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Videos of competitive jump rope can be found for example on the International Jump Rope Union official channel: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/@IJRU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/@IJRU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to understand how the counting is done. Is it done live by an official using a push button pushing at the same cadence as the athlete, mechanically using some sort of force plate in the ground, visually by recording the performance on video and counting, or some other system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In several videos I've watched there seems to be an official in the back with some sort of click counter. Is this really how it's done? Then maybe video review to validate world records?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="725" LastActivityDate="2023-03-24T21:33:38.937" Title="How is the counting done in competitive jump rope?" Tags="|officiating|video-review|jump-rope|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28808" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-03-30T01:31:40.887" Score="0" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6ziQNSETe4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; shows six instances of Michael Jordan following up a teammate's missed free throw with a dunk before he lands on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has any player ever followed up their own missed free throw with a dunk before landing on the ground?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2023-03-30T01:31:40.887" Title="Has anyone ever followed up their own missed free throw with a dunk?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-02T20:32:57.067" Score="8" ViewCount="3447" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the 2023 WTA Miami Open Final, during a rally, Petra Kvitova &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/lJk1g5gwFhg?t=217&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reached over the net and hit the ball&lt;/a&gt; without it crossing the net to her side. She did not touch the net. The point was allowed; Kvitova won the point. There was no complaint. Why was this permitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25049" LastEditorUserId="17828" LastEditDate="2023-04-04T13:31:07.163" LastActivityDate="2023-04-04T13:31:07.163" Title="Why was Petra Kvitova allowed to hit the ball before it had crossed the net?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28810" CreationDate="2023-04-03T10:15:18.497" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to assume that this is in regards to the 2nd Set; Game 3; Adv. Kvitova - as this is the only shot that I've found where Kvitova reaches over the net...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Petra Kvitova reached over the net and hit the ball without it crossing the net to her side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I actually think this is incorrect - from the following highlights on &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Dk07HKpRXCA?t=863&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this youtube video&lt;/a&gt;, slowed down, it appears as if the ball bounces on Kvitova's side of the court, before returning back over the net and being hit by Kvitova.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XT9VQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XT9VQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see here, that the ball appears to be in front of the black taper at the bottom of the net, therefore inside Kvitova's court, and hence why her shot was legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/7221/2023-rules-of-tennis-english.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Tennis Rules&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25: A GOOD RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a good return if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;b) After the ball in play has hit the ground within the correct court and has spun or been blown back over the net, the player reaches over the net and plays the ball into the correct court, provided that the player does not break Rule 24; or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-04-03T10:15:18.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13074" CreationDate="2023-04-03T21:33:25.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just saw this and thought I'd give you an answer...&#xA;Neither of the things you listed are faults for FIVB USAV indoor (AVP Beach may be different).  If a ref calls either of those for that reason &amp;quot;too much rotation&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;you set the first ball,&amp;quot; It's a bad ref who doesn't know the rules.&#xA;The fault is in the contact.  If the ref can't describe what it was about the contact  that s/he didn't like (or describes something that happened after the contact e.g. spin), they made a poor call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25059" LastActivityDate="2023-04-03T21:33:25.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28771" CreationDate="2023-04-04T03:26:30.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an optical illusion. At 0:50 in the video, the ball makes first contact with the net, not the ground. However, the ball hits the net very close to the center of the net, where there is a reinforcing post. As a result, the net doesn't vibrate at all. This lack of vibration makes it look like the ball hits the ground beyond the net. In reality, it hit the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way to tell that the ball actually hit the net first is to notice that the ball has lost most of its speed after that contact. If the ball had actually hit the ground, it would have bounced much more energetically. Because it hit the net first, it bounced off very slowly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the ball hit the net, Djokovic correctly let it hit the ground once, before hitting the ball himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25054" LastActivityDate="2023-04-04T03:26:30.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28814" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-04T10:53:46.090" Score="2" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just been watching a T-20 match played in the Subcontinent, and a field position was referred to as 'cow point'. 'Cow corner' is standard nowadays, but this seemed to be in the deep backward point - third man sector.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found no reference to 'cow point' in readily available online dictionaries, ELU or here. Is it a reasonably common term on the Subcontinent, and have I identified the position correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25060" LastEditorUserId="25060" LastEditDate="2023-04-12T15:57:13.267" LastActivityDate="2023-04-12T15:57:13.267" Title="'Cow point': is this an idiomatic term for a fielding position in cricket, thinking in particular of on the Subcontinent?" Tags="|cricket|terminology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28816" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-06T01:46:55.820" Score="2" ViewCount="520" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read the rules and threads but I am still unclear about this situation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The home team starting pitcher leaves the game after 6 innings leading 3-2. The relief pitcher comes in at the 7th. The visiting team ties the game. At the bottom of the 9th, the home team scores and wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is the winning pitcher? I say the relief pitcher and my son says the  starting pitcher, since the visitors never went ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct answer and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25068" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-04-07T20:19:09.150" LastActivityDate="2023-04-07T20:19:09.150" Title="Winning pitcher when tied" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28816" CreationDate="2023-04-06T07:40:47.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct (at least for MLB). Quoting from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/wqn5ah4c3qtivwx3jatm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rulebook, Rule 9.17 &amp;quot;Winning and Losing Pitcher&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 9.17(a) Comment: Whenever the score is tied, the game&#xA;becomes a new contest insofar as the winning pitcher is concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For other leagues, you would have to refer to the rulebook for that league but just about everybody copies MLB anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-04-06T07:40:47.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28821" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-07T02:19:00.600" Score="0" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soccer, is there a name for the maneuver where a defender plants their foot directly in front of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, the attacker is dribbling or going for a kick and, rather than trying to steal the ball from them directly, the defender simply blocks the attacker's motion &amp;quot;through&amp;quot; the ball by stepping firmly in front of the ball. Then they run off with the ball while the attacker is regaining their balance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I only recently started playing and it's not clear to me whether this is a variation of a common tackle, or some kind of foul. This recently happened repeatedly to my team, causing several of us (including our experienced players) to faceplant. The refs didn't seem to have an issue with it though, so I assume it must be legal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to look up something about how to escape that move if you're the attacker (and avoid faceplanting), but I can't seem to find anything about that specific move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25073" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-04-07T03:20:12.033" LastActivityDate="2023-04-07T03:20:12.033" Title="In soccer, what's it called when the defender steals the ball by planting their foot and stopping the ball entirely?" Tags="|football|terminology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2023-04-07T03:43:21.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-10T11:51:50.093" Score="1" ViewCount="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a pitcher fake a throw to a base is he considered disengaged? So technically then could he fake a throw to first base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24961" LastActivityDate="2023-04-11T09:44:00.060" Title="Pickoff fake a throw disengaged" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28823" CreationDate="2023-04-10T15:07:44.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Faking a throw is illegal when touching the plate (&amp;quot;engaged&amp;quot;).  6.02(a)(2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a runner, or runners, it is a balk when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The pitcher, while touching his plate, feints a throw to first or third base and fails to complete the throw;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a pitcher &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; touching the plate is a fielder and can do any normal fielder thing, including feint throws.  So once a pitcher has stepped off (i.e., his back foot is no longer on the plate), sure, he can do whatever he wants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless, I think the answer to the question you intend is effectively no; if the pitcher, while engaged, fakes a throw to a base, that is a balk. The pitcher would have to remove his foot from the plate (at which point no sane runner would be going anywhere other than back to the bag).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-04-10T15:07:44.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28831" CreationDate="2023-04-10T19:59:58.930" Score="4" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;LIV Golfers Brooks Koepka and Phil Mickelson finished tied for second in the Masters tournament. Does LIV Golf recognize results in major championships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phil Mickelson 2023 LIV Golf results do not include the Masters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5M50Y.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5M50Y.png&quot; alt=&quot;Phil Mickelson 2023 LIV Golf results&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For comparison, the PGA Tour includes Jon Rahm's Masters win in their results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LoyYe.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LoyYe.png&quot; alt=&quot;Jon Rahm 2023 PGA Tour results&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25080" LastEditorUserId="25080" LastEditDate="2023-04-11T12:42:33.300" LastActivityDate="2023-04-12T15:04:57.760" Title="Does the LIV Golf League recognize finishes in major championships?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28830" CreationDate="2023-04-11T05:33:33.460" Score="-1" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an English football match, a player left the pitch, giving the impression that he had been injured by another player, then went along the goal line and returned to the pitch without an injury. A fan shouted something which sounded like &amp;quot;chi-chi-chi&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25082" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-04-12T10:40:35.933" LastActivityDate="2023-04-12T10:40:35.933" Title="What does &quot;chi&quot; mean in football fan language?" Tags="|football|fans|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28828" CreationDate="2023-04-11T12:13:49.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My best guess is that the fan was actually chanting &amp;quot;Cheat! Cheat!&amp;quot;, and their English accent made it sound like &amp;quot;chi, chi&amp;quot; (as an Englishman myself, I can affirm that we tend not to pronounce our &amp;quot;T&amp;quot;s, especially in informal settings like football matches). In this case, the &amp;quot;cheating&amp;quot; would be the footballer pretending to be injured in order to win a free kick and/or get play to be stopped. This is indeed cheating (specifically, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;simulation&lt;/a&gt;), and is strongly frowned upon by most football fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-04-11T12:13:49.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28826" CreationDate="2023-04-12T15:04:57.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Per the information available on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livgolf.com/liv-format&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LIV Format page&lt;/a&gt;, the 14 LIV events are the only ones that are included in their format.  The first 13 count for the individual title, and the 14th determines the team winner.  Non LIV events do not count for their rankings, so for example the Masters would not be included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their format is pretty different from the PGA format, with only 48 players at each tournament and no cut, 54 hole (3 day) tournaments, and a team overall result being determined at the end (which means all players need to play all three rounds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-04-12T15:04:57.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-12T22:14:33.863" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Transparent table tennis balls are less visible and would be suitable for training purposes; the eyes require more effort to catch the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transparent means that they are not opaque or a cloudy color. However I have not seen anybody that uses them, nor could I find a producer or distributor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are transparent table tennis balls not used or not available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25085" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-04-14T02:44:34.920" LastActivityDate="2023-05-16T05:11:46.570" Title="Why are transparent table tennis balls not used?" Tags="|equipment|table-tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-13T01:22:46.173" Score="2" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some social tennis players hold two balls in their hand when they serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the first serve is successful, they toss the second ball behind them so that it rolls next to the wire fence and is out of the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a regulation (not an opinion) about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25086" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2023-04-15T10:21:52.287" LastActivityDate="2024-02-12T20:02:55.293" Title="Tossing second tennis ball after a successful first serve" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28834" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-13T18:59:42.573" Score="2" ViewCount="936" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runner on first and runner on second, no outs. Ball is hit to shortstop but the runner on second stays on base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can SS just tag the runner who is still standing on second base, then touch second base to force out the runner going from first to second?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My thought is that the runner on second is forced off base and can now be tagged out even though they are still standing on second base as they are forced off base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25090" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-04-15T08:24:35.987" LastActivityDate="2023-09-22T17:19:27.843" Title="Can a forced runner be tagged out when standing on base?" Tags="|rules|softball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28835" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-14T03:16:31.017" Score="3" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in organizing a 3x3 basketball tournament at my school or summer camp, but I find the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fiba3x3.basketball/docs/fiba-3x3-basketball-rules-full-version.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rules for players&lt;/a&gt; incomplete: there are 4 players on the roster, eligible for playing (3 on court, 1 substitution), but no mention of &amp;quot;healthy scratches&amp;quot; to replace the roster for injury, and so forth. Any indication in this respect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25092" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-04-14T09:23:25.930" LastActivityDate="2023-04-14T09:23:25.930" Title="How many healthy scratch players are allowed in 3x3 basketball?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28835" CreationDate="2023-04-14T06:25:37.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with any sport, this is an organisational aspect outside of the rules, and usually left to the specific organiser's discretion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relevant governing body should put out regulations covering circumstances such as how players can be replaced between games in the event of injury. In the absence of a higher authority such as a regional or national association directing otherwise, this is down to what the tournament organisers can provide and will allow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, FIBA's 'Internal Regulations Book 3 Players and Officials' section 129:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;National Member Federations are entitled to register the following team delegation members on the Preliminary Team Delegation Roster:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. Maximum of twenty-four players (24);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and section 135:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Barring exceptions]&lt;/em&gt; the Final Team Delegation Roster shall be composed of a maximum of twenty-five persons (25) as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. Minimum ten (10) and maximum twelve (12) players out of the twenty-four (24) players &lt;em&gt;[from the previous form]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;suggesting that the limit is to only those players selected by the time the tournament starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could look to FIBA's 'Official 3x3 Basketball Rules Official Interpretations' (indicated as the &amp;quot;Yellow version&amp;quot; 2019) section 4, example 4.4 for guidance on constructing an appropriate regulation for this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 4-4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a FIBA 3x3 Official Competition, Team A has fewer than 3 players on the court ready to play because of injuries, disqualifications etc. This happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(a) Prior to the start of the game.&#xA;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interpretation 4-4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The obligation to be present a minimum of 3 players is valid only for the beginning of the game. In case (a), the game shall not start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast from a different sport for comparison, World Rugby regulations for the Rugby World Cup require &amp;quot;final&amp;quot; rosters of up to 31 players, but provide for injury-based replacements with a 48-hour no-play limitation. That is, a new player can be flown in as injury cover, but may not play for two days. This regulation is more appropriate in rugby due to the significant physical aspects of play and the need for highly specialised training in a few major roles to ensure safe play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-04-14T06:32:03.027" LastActivityDate="2023-04-14T06:32:03.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28834" CreationDate="2023-04-14T21:17:52.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can SS just tag runner who is still standing on 2nd base?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.  The ball in play makes that runner no longer entitled to second base.   While the force is in play, tagging the runner at any point before the runner reaches third base would be a force out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure what league you're interested in, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/p-4639-2022-and-2023-ncaa-womens-softball-rules.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA softball rule&lt;/a&gt; has:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.9.2.1 A runner is considered forced out if they must advance to the next&#xA;base or to home plate in order to make room for another runner, but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12.9.2.1.1 They are legally tagged as in Rule 12.9.1 before they reach the&#xA;forced base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Standing on second, the runner has not reached the forced base (third) and is out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For a league just using &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/wqn5ah4c3qtivwx3jatm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, this is found in 5.09(b)(6).)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then touch 2nd base to force out runner going from 1st to 2nd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If done before the runner reaches second base, that's correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the order is important.  If the first action of SS is to step on second base, the runner from first is out and the force on the runner from second is removed.  The runner from second would then be safe at second base if tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-04-14T21:17:52.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28833" CreationDate="2023-04-15T10:20:47.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.itftennis.com/media/7221/2023-rules-of-tennis-english.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ITF Rules and Regulations&lt;/a&gt; doesn't address this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest related adressed issue is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;25. A GOOD RETURN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;f.&lt;/strong&gt; The player hits the ball in play, which hits another ball lying in the correct court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 2:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;A ball in play hits another ball which is lying in the correct court. What is&#xA;the correct decision?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decision:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Play continues. However, if it is not clear that the actual ball in play has been returned, a let should be called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16749" LastEditorUserId="16749" LastEditDate="2023-04-18T13:13:24.163" LastActivityDate="2023-04-18T13:13:24.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28832" CreationDate="2023-04-16T04:22:50.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the ITTF regulations, table tennis balls must be made of celluloid or a similar material and be white or orange in color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because the color and material of the ball affect its visibility, and using transparent balls could potentially result in visibility issues, making it difficult for players and officials to track the ball's movement during the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transparent balls may also be harder to see against certain backgrounds or lighting conditions, which could impact the fairness of the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-04-16T04:22:50.580" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28842" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-18T06:17:29.197" Score="1" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/juvPwwOjFzs?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;In this video I’m confused on the steps that count towards a travel. It seems like the step counter is wrong in a lot of them. At 1 minute into the video, how many steps does Noah really take? It seems like a lot of steps that are the non pivot foot are counted when they shouldn’t be right? How many steps does Kyle Korver take at 1:30? At 2:45 is it more like 4 or 5 steps because only the steps of the pivot foot should count and not the non pivot foot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25103" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-04-19T14:42:37.990" LastActivityDate="2023-04-19T14:42:37.990" Title="NBA traveling and what steps count towards it" Tags="|rules|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-18T06:49:46.550" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, Premier Lacrosse League teams are not tied to a specific regional market. It is different from most professional sports leagues and teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the rationale and benefit of such a system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought having a home city helps a team to have more loyal fans.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-04-18T08:11:37.700" LastActivityDate="2023-04-18T08:11:37.700" Title="Why do Premier Lacrosse League teams not have a home city?" Tags="|lacrosse|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28845" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28918" CreationDate="2023-04-19T17:23:35.070" Score="1" ViewCount="500" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume, after 25+ years of inter-league play with 30 teams, pretty much every team has beaten every single other MLB team. To take a sample pairing, &lt;a href=&quot;https://mcubed.net/mlb/tor/chi.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cubs vs. Blue Jays&lt;/a&gt;, we have 16 games, which even if one team is expected to win every game 2/3 of the time, has a .15% chance of being a sweep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 15 teams in each league, and assuming intra-league series are way too long to be a sweep, that gives a (1-.0015224)^(15*15)=70.98% chance everyone has beaten everyone, and I'm making a big assumption about how one-sided series might be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'd be curious about the first and last teams, and everyone in between. This seems possible by data-scraping the site above (or Retrosheet, where they got it from) and parsing each page for a &amp;quot;W&amp;quot; and finding the date near it, which would be a neat Python project, but I can't make the time for it just now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So does anyone know, or can anybody figure, the dates each MLB team finally beat everyone else? (I may answer this myself if I have the time this weekend. But I wanted to throw the question out there.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20388" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-04-21T07:33:26.467" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T23:57:05.057" Title="When did each MLB team officially beat all the other teams in the regular season?" Tags="|baseball|trivia|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28846" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-04-22T09:44:31.857" Score="1" ViewCount="501" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule in tennis doubles if the opposition change the sides they receive On? Ie “Jim” was receiving from the ad side for the first 11 games, then started on the deuce.&#xA;I was in a match yesterday and the first point was played with the opponents on different sides of the court they had played for the rest of the set. They lost that first point then realised and wanted to start the game again. We were 6-5 up and serving. This was for the win.&#xA;I thought that actually meant they lost that game; although, I didn’t want to win that way. I said they could continue from 15-0 if they wanted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25110" LastActivityDate="2023-04-24T17:28:07.020" Title="What is the rule in tennis doubles if the opposition change the sides they receive on" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2023-04-22T19:55:31.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Drag Racing&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no men's or women's division. Everyone races everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For years, Shirley Muldowney dominated in the most powerful class.  Still today, Angelle Sampay is setting records and beating the men she competes against on a weekly basis.  Same is true for the Force Sisters and Leah Pruett, who are all world champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25111" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-04-22T22:25:48.130" LastActivityDate="2023-04-22T22:25:48.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28846" CreationDate="2023-04-24T17:28:07.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;ITF Rule 27 (Correcting Errors), section e covers this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During a standard game or a tie-break game in doubles, if there is an error in&#xA;the order of receiving, this shall remain as altered until the end of the game in&#xA;which the error is discovered. For the next game in which they are the&#xA;receivers in that set, the partners shall then resume the original order of&#xA;receiving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your case, as the error was only discovered after the first rally, you should have continued the game with the opponents returning in that order. Neither replaying the game from the beginning nor switching the order within the game would have been correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastActivityDate="2023-04-24T17:28:07.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28854" CreationDate="2023-04-29T23:44:39.573" Score="2" ViewCount="542" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPRHXl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPRHXl.png&quot; alt=&quot;F1 Grand Prix schedule&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the above F1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix 2023 schedule, I cannot understand what Sprint and Sprint Shootout mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this kind of practice or qualifier?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-04-30T17:16:48.717" LastActivityDate="2023-04-30T17:21:39.973" Title="What are the &quot;Sprint&quot; and &quot;Sprint Shootout&quot; in F1 Grand Prix?" Tags="|formula-1|auto-racing|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28852" CreationDate="2023-04-30T00:14:48.197" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the 2021 season, the F1 introduced a new format.&#xA;They introduced Sprint which set the grid for the main race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 3 days of F1 event weekend from Friday to Sunday the old schedule (2021 and 20220 are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Friday: Practice One, Qualifying&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saturday: Practice Two, Sprint Race&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sunday: Grand Prix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the 2023 season, the F1 introduced another new format.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fhe Friday schedule remains unchanged.&#xA;The Sprint shootout are held in saturday from 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new weekend schedule are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Friday: Practice, Qualifying&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saturday: Sprint Shootout, Sprint race&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sunday: Grand Prix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sprint shootout will set the grid for the sprint race itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/36280380/f1-adds-sprint-shootout-qualifying-event-sprint-weekends&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/36280380/f1-adds-sprint-shootout-qualifying-event-sprint-weekends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/36288097/what-sprint-shootout-f1-new-sprint-race-weekend-format-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/36288097/what-sprint-shootout-f1-new-sprint-race-weekend-format-explained&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2023-04-30T15:07:10.167" LastActivityDate="2023-04-30T15:07:10.167" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28852" CreationDate="2023-04-30T17:12:33.210" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2023, the F1 &amp;quot;sprint race weekends&amp;quot; are effectively two entirely separate races:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sprint race, which takes place on the Saturday of the race weekend. This is a short race (100km) with 8 points available for the winner, 7 for second place and so on down to 1 point for 8th place.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The grid for this race is set by the &amp;quot;sprint shootout&amp;quot; session earlier on the Saturday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The main race, which takes place on the Sunday. This is a full length race (305km) with up to 26 points available for the winner.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The grid for this race is set by the qualifying session on the Friday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a significant change from the sprint format used in 2021/22, where the sprint race set the grid for the main race (and gave 3-2-1 points for the first three places). The change was made on 25th April 2023, just five days before the first sprint race of the 2023 season in Azerbaijan, in response to criticisms of the 2021/22 sprint format (source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/65389955&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-04-30T17:21:39.973" LastActivityDate="2023-04-30T17:21:39.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28855" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-03T23:28:17.337" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the term 'closest best ranked team' in the tie-braking rule of an ice hockey tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2023/wmia/tournamentinfo/39354/tournament_info&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2023/wmia/tournamentinfo/39354/tournament_info&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If three or more teams are tied, the points, goal difference and goals scored are considered.&#xA;If they are still tied, the closest best ranked team is considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original expression is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Step 4: Should three or more teams still remain tied in points, goal&#xA;difference and goals scored  then the results between each of the&#xA;three teams and the closest best-ranked team outside the sub-group&#xA;will be applied.  In this case the tied team with the best result (1.&#xA;points, 2. goal difference, 3. more goals scored) against the closest&#xA;best ranked-team will take precedence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would there be an easy example to understand this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, there are seven teams. The 1st, 2nd, 6th, 7th ranked teams are fixed and three teams are tied to determine the 3rd, 4th, and the 5th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the 'closest best ranked team'? I think it may be the 2nd or 6th ranked team, but I am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-05-04T02:19:48.550" LastActivityDate="2023-05-04T02:19:48.550" Title="What is 'closest best-ranked team' in ice hockey tournament tiebreaker?" Tags="|ice-hockey|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-04T10:44:24.817" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;Manchester United have beaten Nottingham Forest four times in the 2022/2023 season. Twice in the League Cup Semifinal and twice in the league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering how often something like this has happened? You can add Europe's top 5 league's but how many times has a team beaten another team from the same league four times in a season? I'm wondering if that is as rare an event, as what I think it is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2023-05-14T14:40:17.877" Title="How often has a team beaten another team from the same league four times in a season?" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28858" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-04T20:03:32.607" Score="0" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a 5-set match went 6-3, 6-7, 3-6, 7-6, 6-3, then not counting the tiebreaker, 1 player would have served 28 games, the other 25. This is a different of 3 games, which would never happen as players have to alternate serve games. Why is the tiebreak considered a service game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25148" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-05-08T12:22:28.300" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T18:03:31.347" Title="Why are tie-breakers considered service games?" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|tie-breaker|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24708" CreationDate="2023-05-05T12:33:04.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because kendo &amp;quot;emulates&amp;quot; a sword fight, and one should never celebrate the death (or even the disabling) of someone else, even an enemy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25150" LastActivityDate="2023-05-05T12:33:04.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28858" CreationDate="2023-05-05T15:20:24.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tie breakers aren't considered serve games, they're neutral. But the alternating service pattern remains during and after a tie breaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No player is supposed to have an advantage in a tie breaker. To enforce this, players switch serve. One person serves once to start the tie breaker, and serve switches. From there on, they each serve twice and serve switches again till someone wins the game. This ensures the players have served the exact same number or just one off, which is the fairest solution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game after the tie breaker (first game of the next set), the service is switched again, so the player who served the last point of the breaker, now receives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This keeps fairness of service switches, but can result in discrepancy of how many games a player has served.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="10583" LastEditDate="2023-05-08T18:03:31.347" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T18:03:31.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28858" CreationDate="2023-05-05T16:22:49.960" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing unfair about it. You cannot win the set by serving once more, you can only win a set by breaking your opponent (at least once more than he breaks you). So if player A serves first and is up 5-3 with one break, he has to serve once again and thus has to give player B a chance to re-break. This does not give him an advantage, as he is already one break up front and can only lose on this extra game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastActivityDate="2023-05-05T16:22:49.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24708" CreationDate="2023-05-06T07:57:54.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;purpose&amp;quot; of kendo is to develop capability of self. Winning is not about beating the opponent, but demonstrating quality of posture, movement, and attitude in the best way, to the extent that winning has a point at all (this is a highly contentious issue within kendo itself, and investigating that context is worthwhile in its own right).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this respect, celebrating victory as one does in tennis would be rude to everybody involved. &lt;a href=&quot;http://novasiagsis.com/what-kendo-says-about-japan-korea-a-first-hand-account-of-the-17th-world-kendo-championships/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This reflection from a &lt;em&gt;kendoka&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; describes the relative importance of politeness and deference in kendo, with the emphatic point that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... &lt;strong&gt;the competitive aspect of kendo is less important than demonstrating kendo’s budo (武道; “martial art”) spirit&lt;/strong&gt;. Indeed, kendo practitioners make a point of resisting associations of kendo as a “sport”. Kendo in Japan is unequivocally a martial art – the distinction being that sports are based on overcoming external opponents whereas &lt;strong&gt;the point of budo is to overcome oneself&lt;/strong&gt;. One doesn’t “defeat” opponents in kendo so much as one demonstrates the progress one has made on their abstract quest for self-cultivation. &lt;strong&gt;“Winning” matters less than paying respect to the sparring partner who permits one to learn how to overcome their personal limitations.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2023-05-06T07:57:54.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28864" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28866" CreationDate="2023-05-07T07:58:20.887" Score="0" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is it decided who led each lap of an F1 race?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, consider that Hamilton is P1 and Bottas is P2 at the start of the first lap. Towards the end of the lap, Bottas overtakes Hamilton and takes P1. Would Hamilton be considered to have led the first lap because he was leading for most of it, or would Bottas be considered to have led the first lap because he was leading at the end of it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25014" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-07T14:11:39.060" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T02:51:53.267" Title="How is it decided who led each lap?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28864" CreationDate="2023-05-08T02:51:53.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find a reference to it in the sporting regulations, but the lap leader is simply whoever crosses the finish line first for that lap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, Bottas would be scored as the lap leader for lap 1 by being the first driver to have crossed the finish line one time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T02:51:53.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28869" CreationDate="2023-05-08T11:49:07.407" Score="0" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;JJ Redick called Devin Booker an &lt;em&gt;ethical&lt;/em&gt; scorer. What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/scooperhoops/status/1654707471934537729&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://twitter.com/scooperhoops/status/1654707471934537729&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/139cd24/highlight_jj_redick_on_devin_booker_he_might_be/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/139cd24/highlight_jj_redick_on_devin_booker_he_might_be/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25165" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T14:47:34.753" Title="What is ethical scoring?" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-08T13:55:40.070" Score="1" ViewCount="1007" Body="&lt;p&gt;In baseball, when a runner is forced to advance to first base and a fielder catches the ball, the fielder can make a force out by touching the base with their feet when getting the ball. They can also make a force out by sliding with their feet first or diving with the ball in their glove.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, can a fielder touch the base with their non-ball hand and make a force out, just like they can with their feet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For reference I found this.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://baseballxgear.com/what-is-a-force-out-in-baseball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://baseballxgear.com/what-is-a-force-out-in-baseball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A force out will be recorded when a defender touches an unoccupied base that the runner is being forced to try to advance to while in possession of a hit ball or dropped 3rd strike before the runner reaches that base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the word &amp;quot;touches&amp;quot; seem very vage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12500" LastActivityDate="2023-05-17T08:08:37.057" Title="How Can a Fielder Make a Force Out in Baseball?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28867" CreationDate="2023-05-08T14:47:34.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;JJ Redick is referring to the fact that Booker was scoring without making trips to the free throw line. By &amp;quot;ethical&amp;quot; he meant, no flopping, no getting free throws which are considered easy points to pad the points scored statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the timing of the comment and Booker's recent performance prior to that comment made, I'm assuming JJ Redick was referring to Booker's performance in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/202305050PHO.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game 3&lt;/a&gt; of the Western Conference semi Finals against the Denver Nuggets. Booker scored 47 points, only going to the foul line once, at the end of the game. Hence, he scored 40+ &amp;quot;ethically&amp;quot; without getting free throw points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2023-05-08T14:47:34.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28868" CreationDate="2023-05-08T15:58:02.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, touching the base with their empty hand (or any other part of their body, clothing, or equipment) is sufficient to complete the tag as long as they are in possession of the baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/wqn5ah4c3qtivwx3jatm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rulebook (page 156)&lt;/a&gt;, the definition of TAG is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A TAG is the action of a fielder in touching a base with his body&#xA;while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove;....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, while &lt;em&gt;body&lt;/em&gt; is used above, I see no reason that it is not identical with &lt;em&gt;person&lt;/em&gt; in the definitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PERSON of a player or an umpire is any part of his body, his&#xA;clothing or his equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So hands, shoes, and gloves all are valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="11180" LastEditDate="2023-05-17T08:08:37.057" LastActivityDate="2023-05-17T08:08:37.057" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28871" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-08T20:09:46.917" Score="0" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2335/what-is-the-motivation-behind-short-sleeve-jerseys-in-the-nba/2340#2340&quot;&gt;fashion statement&lt;/a&gt;, Golden state sported short-sleeved jerseys a decade ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals consisted of the Cavaliers wearing short-sleeved jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I haven't seen much in the way of short-sleeved jerseys as of late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were short-sleeved jerseys used in-game during the 2022-2023 NBA season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25167" LastActivityDate="2023-05-09T00:52:19.647" Title="Were short-sleeved jerseys used in-game during the 2022-2023 season?" Tags="|nba|uniform|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28871" CreationDate="2023-05-09T00:52:19.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if there are any one-offs that it's missing, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://basketballjerseyarchive.com/nba-2022-23-jerseys/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;basketballjerseyarchive.com&lt;/a&gt; shows all the jerseys for 2022-2023 are sleeveless.   They do show the short-sleeved jersey for both the Warriors and the Cavaliers that you mention in previous years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just scanning by eye (so I could have missed something), I don't see any short-sleeves after the 2016-2017 season.  Many of the teams that year had a short-sleeve version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-05-09T00:52:19.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28873" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-09T16:43:57.643" Score="3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose as a pitcher I have a three-pitch arsenal (e.g. fastball, curveball, slider) and I play the position of relieving pitcher. I've noticed that my pitching style becomes repetitive due to my relatively low number of choices. Eventually, because my style becomes repetitive, batters will &amp;quot;figure me out&amp;quot; too easily and will figure out where to swing and when. Assuming aforementioned batters are experienced enough, they should already know this, and I am careful with them due to this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My pitch velocity is higher than that of some of my other teammates, and I am capable of just barely clipping the edge of the strike zone with any of my pitches, making me a decent pitcher by the standards of my league.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What strategies could a pitcher with limited arsenal use to become a more effective and unpredictable pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25172" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-05-10T19:54:03.453" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T22:56:19.113" Title="Pitcher with limited arsenal gets figured out too quickly, how can they become less predictable and effective?" Tags="|baseball|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28877" CreationDate="2023-05-10T16:34:31.310" Score="0" ViewCount="455" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case you didn't know, Madison Bumgarner was a starting pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks. I heard that the team had cut ties with him after designating him for assignment. I did some research and found mixed information. Some sources say that the d-backs cut Bumgarner because he wasn't pitching well. I somewhat disagree with that being a legitimate reason to cut someone, considering another Diamondback starting pitcher, and my favorite pitcher of all time, Zac Gallen, was not doing well either (this was at the beginning of the season) and they didn't even consider cutting him. Of course, Gallen probably isn't a great example, considering he's younger than Bumgarner and will last longer than him, so he wouldn't be worth cutting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back on topic, other than not doing well, why did the diamondbacks cut Madison Bumgarner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25172" LastActivityDate="2023-07-18T19:04:27.477" Title="Why did the Diamondbacks cut Madison Bumgarner?" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28875" CreationDate="2023-05-10T16:59:44.207" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Bumgarner wasn't pitching well &lt;em&gt;and had a salary of $18M&lt;/em&gt;. By cutting him, they free up that money to spend on players who are actually going to make the team better. Allen's salary is &amp;quot;only&amp;quot; $5.6M so there's a lot less benefit in cutting him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I somewhat disagree with [not pitching well] being a legitimate reason to cut someone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is honestly a bizarre statement; as with any other professionals, sportsmen (and women) are paid to perform a job and if they're not doing that job well, they risk losing their job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-05-10T16:59:44.207" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28875" CreationDate="2023-05-10T19:46:55.847" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;other than not doing well, why did the diamondbacks cut Madison Bumgarner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure there needs to be an &amp;quot;other&amp;quot; here.  Teams usually have five starting pitchers.  If one isn't performing well, that's a lot of potential losses for for the team.   (And it appears that neither the Arizona staff nor Bumgarner thought that moving him to the bullpen was going to be useful).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bumgarner was not pitching well against major league hitters.  You compared him to Gallen, but Bumgarner was doing even worse at the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Gallen's first four games, he gave up 16 runs in 16.1 innings.&#xA;Bumgarner gave up 20 runs in 16.2 (along with more homers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bigger problem besides him not pitching well in 2023 is that Bumgarner hasn't really been great in previous years either for Arizona.  The start can't just be written off as an anomaly that should pass.  He had an ERA+ of 82 in 2022, whereas Gallen had a fairly nice 158.  The slow start was appearing to just confirm that Bumgarner isn't a good bet to pitch well in the near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's likely the team didn't see a path that Bumgarner was suddenly going to improve and freeing up a spot for someone else was worth it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-05-10T19:46:55.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18509" CreationDate="2023-05-11T01:35:14.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answer #1 is wrong. The tiebreaker counts as a service game for the player/doubles team that served first in the tiebreaker. It also counts as an odd numbered game (7-6 = 13) requiring a switch of ends upon its completion. At the conclusion of the tiebreaker, regardless what end the first serving team finishes the tiebreaker on, they go to the end opposite of where they began serving the tiebreaker and receive service there. Again, the tiebreaker is counted as a service game for the player who began serving the first point of the tiebreaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25180" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T01:35:14.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28880" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-11T14:09:00.473" Score="1" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have started taking swimming lessons.&#xA;My teacher tells me to alternate arms, in the sense of having 1 arm extended in front of me, not moving, while the other is propulsing me. He wants me to wait for the propulsing arm to also be fully extended at the front to start my downswing of the other. In other words, my hands should join in front before I more to propulsion with the other arm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My previous technique was opposite, I intuitively thought I should have my arms always in motion, never have one &amp;quot;waiting&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my teacher technique universally recognized as correct? If so, can someone explain to me why that is? It intuitively feels to me that the arm passively extended in front of me is not utilized fully to be as fast as I could. What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9700" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T14:09:00.473" Title="Alternating arms for front crawl" Tags="|technique|swimming|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2023-05-13T10:05:44.197" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-11T16:52:53.533" Score="1" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;We had runners on 1st and 3rd with 1 out.  While stealing second, the ball was lined to 2b.  The second baseman did not touch the runner who is now standing on second.  They slowly walk over to tag the runner.  The runner on third was tagged up and decided to take home.  He scored before the out was recorded at second.  It was counted a run and I believe that was the right call but looking for thoughts.  50 years old and never saw that one before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25183" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T20:57:10.320" Title="runners on base and line out" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28881" CreationDate="2023-05-11T20:57:10.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the ball was caught (on the fly) by 2B, the batter was out.  This means there is no force.  (Even though 1R can be put out by tagging first base).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is then a time play and the run counts if plate is reached before the third out is recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This play is very similar to one of the approved rulings for &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/wqn5ah4c3qtivwx3jatm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;5.08(b)&lt;/a&gt;, which covers scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;APPROVED RULING: One out, Jones on third, Smith on first, and Brown&#xA;flies out to right field. Two outs. Jones tags up and scores after the&#xA;catch. Smith attempted to return to first but the right fielder’s&#xA;throw beat him to the base. Three outs. But Jones scored before the&#xA;throw to catch Smith reached first base, hence Jones’ run counts. It&#xA;was not a force play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-05-11T20:57:10.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28884" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28885" CreationDate="2023-05-12T19:59:03.073" Score="1" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hypothetically, let's say England, Portugal, Croatia and Israel are drawn together for the UEFA Euro 2024 tournament. Let's also assume that the teams have a European Qualification Ranking of 5, 8, 6 and 41 respectively and that all 4 teams have exactly the same discipline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first three teams all draw against each but register identical wins against Israel leaving a table as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WPD8v.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WPD8v.png&quot; alt=&quot;Group Table&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two of the three teams (England and Portugal) face off in their final group game. Per UEFA tiebreaking rules a penalty shootout should occur - let's say that Portugal win which means that they rank above England.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is where I'm stuck. How would Croatia get ranked here?&#xA;Portugal (8) should go beneath Croatia (6) BUT England (5) would go above Croatia but that wouldn't be correct as they lost to Portugal in their penalty shootout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this is very unlikely scenario but what should be done here?&#xA;Looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA Euro 2024 Wikipedia page - Tiebreakers&lt;/a&gt; it does say for penalties that this won't be used if more than 2 teams have the same number of points so perhaps this is my answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20167" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-05-13T09:51:57.443" LastActivityDate="2023-05-14T06:10:27.857" Title="Given these results, how would these teams be ranked in the UEFA European Championship?" Tags="|football|tie-breaker|uefa|euro|championship|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28884" CreationDate="2023-05-14T06:10:27.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it seems, you're correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty shootout can't be used when three teams have the same number of points. So, the criterion number 7 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024#Tiebreakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tieabreakers&lt;/a&gt; is not applicable here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the teams are also tied on disciplinary points the last criterion will apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Higher position in the European Qualifiers overall ranking, unless the comparison involves hosts Germany, in which case a drawing of lots will take place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;England and Croatia will be ranked first and second, respectively. Portugal will take the third place with high chances to also advance to the knockout phase based on ranking of third-placed teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="229" LastActivityDate="2023-05-14T06:10:27.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-17T07:59:04.133" Score="1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;This season of the IPL (Indian Premier League) saw many players getting injured and many new players were roped in as replacements. I wanted to know why is it that injuries are so common in modern-day cricket, the types of injuries, and the recovery process the cricketers undergo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-26T09:21:46.923" LastActivityDate="2023-05-26T09:21:46.923" Title="What injuries do cricketers face, and how do they recover from them?" Tags="|cricket|injuries|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28890" CreationDate="2023-05-17T12:17:14.110" Score="0" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the stadium at Ahmedabad in India is the world's largest cricket stadium (in terms of occupancy and capacity). Who decides how big a stadium can be? How are the dimensions set for the pitches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-17T13:09:34.287" LastActivityDate="2023-05-17T13:09:34.287" Title="How are the sizes of cricket stadiums set?" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28889" CreationDate="2023-05-17T12:54:17.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, some terminology: the cricket &lt;em&gt;pitch&lt;/em&gt; is the area on which batting and bowling happens and is defined by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-pitch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 6&lt;/a&gt; as being 22 yards long by 10 feet wide. I'll assume for the rest of this answer you mean &amp;quot;playing area&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;pitch&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The size of the playing area is not defined by the Laws of Cricket; this is both a historical hangover from when cricket was just played on the village green, and an acknowledgement that it isn't practical to create one set of regulations which both manages to handle both a match being played on a dirt field in India and a test match at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MCG&lt;/a&gt;. That said, specific competitions can (and often do) define what is acceptable in that competition; for example, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/11/03/a77313c1-1984-4800-a94d-2b43f69ee606/WTC2-Playing-Conditions-October-2022-1-.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current (2021-3) World Test Championship playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; specify&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aim shall be to maximize the size of the playing area at each venue. With respect to the size of the boundaries, no boundary shall be longer than 90 yards (82.29 meters), and no boundary should be shorter than 65 yards (59.43 metres) from the centre of the pitch to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can refer to the playing conditions for any other competition to determine their regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stadia are of course even less regulated than the playing area. You can build whatever stands etc you like - there is no requirement that the stands are within any distance (minimum or maximum) of the boundary. But if you make it too silly, fans may be disappointed and not turn up!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-05-17T12:54:17.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28893" CreationDate="2023-05-17T21:41:34.447" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any professional sports leagues (CFL, NHL, ...) where it is possible to call a timeout before the game actually starts?  Has this ever actually happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25202" LastActivityDate="2023-05-18T07:52:32.963" Title="Can timeouts be called before game starts?" Tags="|rules|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28892" CreationDate="2023-05-18T07:52:32.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/volleyball&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;volleyball&amp;#39;&quot; aria-label=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;volleyball&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot; aria-labelledby=&quot;tag-volleyball-tooltip-container&quot;&gt;volleyball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. Time-outs may be called (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.com/-/media/2022/coorporate/volleyball/rules%202021-2024/fivb-volleyball_rules_2021_2024.pdf?la=en&amp;amp;hash=436AA7E84054DCEF348817B820979949&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIVB Rulebook 2021-2024, 15.4.1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with no further restrictions. Hence they can be called in the window between when the teams have entered the court before the first point and when the first referee blows the whistle for the first serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this ever been done professionally? Don't know - but we did do it once in one of my club matches; our coach was delayed in traffic and arrived late at the venue. We then took both the timeouts we were entitled to for the first set before the first service so our coach could say what he wanted to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-05-18T07:52:32.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-20T09:05:53.487" Score="1" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a manager comes out to the mound to signal to the bullpen, he will simply motion with his left or right hand, indicating the throwing hand of the pitcher he wants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have there ever been two of the same throwing pitchers (left- or right-handedness), and if so, how does the manager indicate which of these he wants when he signals to the pen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2023-07-04T00:04:36.067" Title="Does a manager ever warm up two pitchers with the same handedness?" Tags="|baseball|coaching|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12133" CreationDate="2023-05-20T23:18:06.380" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 1920s automobiles were heralded with the ability to stop on a dime. A dime was the smallest coin of our currency. This incredibly accurate ability to hit such a small mark, led to the sports analogy of throwing a dime: throwing a precise pass to a minute space. In basketball it refers to an assist to the scorer. In football, it refers to dropping the ball in the perfect, minute space that only the receiver can catch.&#xA;It has absolutely nothing to do with the pay phone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25214" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-05-20T23:25:36.033" LastActivityDate="2023-05-20T23:25:36.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21296" CreationDate="2023-05-21T18:39:43.503" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of the 2023 playoffs, The 2022-23 Boston Bruins now holds the worst result as a presidents trophy winner. Had a record breaking regular season only for them to lose in the first round to the Florida Panthers in 7 game. The Bruins blew a 3-1 series lead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25218" LastEditorUserId="25218" LastEditDate="2023-05-21T18:39:58.763" LastActivityDate="2023-05-21T18:39:58.763" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28900" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-22T15:30:18.417" Score="1" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;This past weekend, I was throwing a couple of games at a new alley and I found that I was consistently stopping short. To clarify, each time I released my ball, my lead foot wouldn't slide instead it would stop at least a few inches short of where I had hoped it would go to allow for a smooth release.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My shoes were clean, however, it was raining outside and I think some of that humidity was out-competing the house's air conditioning. I tried brushing my shoes just to be sure, but it didn't really help. I also tried adjusting my starting position to make the release closer to the line, however, it didn't really change the fact that my foot was sticking was impeding a smooth release.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything else that can be done when humidity in the building is making the approach feel sticky?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastActivityDate="2023-05-23T13:42:22.817" Title="How can I mitigate humidity causing me to stop short on the approach?" Tags="|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28900" CreationDate="2023-05-23T13:42:22.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While humidity may or may not have been the cause that's not strictly speaking relevant since the problem is the difference in friction on the approach to what you're used to. I've known this to vary &lt;em&gt;wildly&lt;/em&gt; between different centres!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I'm not alone in this - which is why shoe manufacturers offer interchangeable soles to suit (e.g. Linds' VHS system)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you do if you don't have such shoes though? Well there's no great options in my experience - something like Brunswick's &lt;a href=&quot;https://brunswickbowling.com/products/accessories/gripping-products/smooth-slide&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Smooth slide&lt;/a&gt; is probably your best bet or a dusting from a puffball in a pinch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastActivityDate="2023-05-23T13:42:22.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28902" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-23T19:05:21.610" Score="0" ViewCount="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;So far I know of 5 players who won both the  senior FIFA world cup and the U-20 FIFA world cup. Messi, Di María, Maradona, Dida and Xavi. I thought perhaps there are more from Brazil or something, Brazil won the U-20 world cup in 1993 and the senior world cup in 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the one I mentioned the full list?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many players have won both the senior FIFA world cup and the U-20 FIFA world cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2023-05-23T19:05:21.610" Title="How many players have won both the senior FIFA world cup and the U-20 FIFA world cup?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-05-23T19:11:08.740" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28903" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-23T20:51:58.423" Score="0" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a goalkeeper grab the ball by his hands while the ball is in play inside his penalty area and it's under control of his teammate and his teammate is trying to kick the ball out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25239" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-05-23T22:35:38.050" LastActivityDate="2023-05-23T22:35:38.050" Title="Can the goalkeeper grab the ball while his teammate is trying to kick the ball out?" Tags="|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28904" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-26T00:09:07.090" Score="1" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;On his &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Wembanyama&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Wembanyama&amp;amp;oldid=1156904664&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;curent revision&lt;/a&gt;) it says he is in LIGA fn but looking at his stats it's .348 fg % and 6.5 ppg.  What makes him good because those stats looks really bad especially for a league that's not NBA or Euroleague?  Has he played in G league or similar competition and dominated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25252" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-05-26T07:01:09.097" LastActivityDate="2023-05-26T07:01:09.097" Title="What makes Victor Wembanyama good" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28905" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-05-26T15:07:35.800" Score="2" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently been introduced to the wobble seam delivery and was wondering whether there was a delivery out there that lets the bowler control which way it turns without sacrificing speed. I am aware of leg cutter and off cutter, but these are slower deliveries meant for suprise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember reading an article about a &amp;quot;three-quarter seam&amp;quot; delivery used by Tim Southee but cant really understand how it works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it even possible to control the direction of turn of the ball with a seam delivery without reducing the speed of the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25255" LastEditorUserId="25196" LastEditDate="2023-06-02T21:58:32.033" LastActivityDate="2023-06-08T11:18:26.123" Title="How to seam a cricket ball and control which way it turns?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28910" CreationDate="2023-05-28T10:16:49.693" Score="3" ViewCount="728" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I was playing tennis with my son, and literally on my match point, my son hit the ball, and then we didn't see it anymore. It turned out the ball had got stuck in the racket! &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Mtoj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Mtoj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course ours was a low stakes game, but do the official rules say anything about how to deal with this kind of situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25266" LastActivityDate="2023-05-30T05:43:33.023" Title="The ball got stuck in the tennis racket. Whose point is it?" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28911" CreationDate="2023-05-29T12:03:52.367" Score="3" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a Youtube video where a non professional soccer commentator stated that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONMEBOL%E2%80%93UEFA_Cup_of_Champions&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions&lt;/a&gt; is &amp;quot;not considered official by FIFA&amp;quot;, whatever that meant to him. Sure the match isn't organized by FIFA, but other matches not organized by FIFA such as Copa America matches or CONMEBOL world cup qualifiers aren't organized by FIFA either, but they count for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Men%27s_World_Ranking&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA ranking&lt;/a&gt; which serves for organizing the world cup groups, so they are recognized by FIFA in a way. So I wondered if the matches from the CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions count for the FIFA ranking. Do they? That would show if they are recognized by FIFA or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-20T14:20:35.413" LastActivityDate="2024-01-20T14:20:35.413" Title="Do matches from the CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions count for the FIFA ranking?" Tags="|football|ranking|fifa|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28906" CreationDate="2023-05-30T05:43:33.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's difficult for me to find a specific ITF rule that speaks to this.  Basically the rules assume that the ball will always rebound from the racket and specify when you lose the point based on what the ball &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the player with the ball stuck would lose the point.  There has been no equipment failure (the racket didn't fail).  There has been no hindrance from the opponent.  So it becomes loss of point for failure to properly return the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ZhWRCMZVudg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt; of this happening in an professional event was the 2014 US Open second-round match between Stosur and Kanepi.  For the first point of the 9th game in the third set, Stosur serves and manages to wedge the ball in the racket during a return.  The point is awarded to Kanepi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-05-30T05:43:33.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28908" CreationDate="2023-05-30T10:25:33.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;YES&lt;/strong&gt; the game did contribute to the FIFA ranking. It met the requirements for a contributing friendly game during International Match Calendar windows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Friendly games are taken into account for the FIFA ranking, although with less importance when calculating the points. A smaller weight is used for a friendly compared to a tournament qualifying game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P = Pbefore + I * (W – We)&#xA;Pbefore: Points before the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I: importance of match&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 05 Friendly matches played outside of International Match Calendar windows&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 10 Friendly matches played during International Match Calendar windows&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 15 Group phase matches of Nations League competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 25 Play-off and final matches of Nations League competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 25 Qualification matches for Confederations final competitions and for FIFA World Cup final&#xA;competitions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 35 Confederation final competition matches up until the QF stage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 40 Confederation final competition matches from the QF stage onwards; all FIFA Confederations Cup matches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 50 FIFA World Cup final competition matches up until QF stage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I= 60 FIFA World Cup final competition matches from QF stage onwards&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/f99da4f73212220/original/edbm045h0udbwkqew35a-pdf.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/f99da4f73212220/original/edbm045h0udbwkqew35a-pdf.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you check the June 2022 update on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13687&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13687&lt;/a&gt; you see a difference for Argentina of +5.52 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Italy-Argentina match is referenced on this website dedicated to tracking the FIFA ranking and contributing games: &lt;a href=&quot;https://football-ranking.com/fifa-world-matchs?period=23%20June%202022&amp;amp;tournament=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://football-ranking.com/fifa-world-matchs?period=23%20June%202022&amp;amp;tournament=&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can find the points gained from the Italy-Argentina (+4.6) game and Estonia-Argentina (+0.92) that were played in June 2022. Totaling to the +5.52 difference on the FIFA Ranking points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7723" LastActivityDate="2023-05-30T10:25:33.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28913" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-02T13:11:19.063" Score="2" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;A runner on second base rounds third after the batter singles to center. About 20 feet from home, out of the corner of his eye he notices a perfect throw to the opposing catcher. The runner puts on the brakes and heads back to third. The catcher pursues. The runner suddenly goes to the ground and rolls into the catcher's shins, cut-blocking him. The runner scrambles to his feet and steps on the plate. Is he safe? Ejected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25303" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-06-02T13:45:32.633" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T22:46:45.207" Title="Cut-Blocking the Catcher" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28913" CreationDate="2023-06-02T20:27:32.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For high school and NCAA, I believe this is explicitly disallowed as the cut-block would not be a normal baseball move and would be considered malicious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;High school&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ART. 1 . . . Offensive interference is an act (physical or verbal) by the team&#xA;at bat:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. when a runner creates malicious contact with any fielder, with or&#xA;without the ball, in or out of the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8.  Section 7.  The rules committee is concerned about unnecessary and violent&#xA;collisions with the catcher at home plate, and with infielders at all bases. The&#xA;intent of this rule is to encourage base runners and defensive players to avoid&#xA;such collisions whenever possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. 1) The runner must make an actual attempt to reach the base (plate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PENALTY—If the contact is flagrant or malicious before the runner touches the&#xA;base (plate), the runner shall be declared out and also ejected from the&#xA;contest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My speculation is that this is not specified in MLB rules because it has a much lower chance of success and has therefore not been as much of a problem (except at home plate).  I don't believe there's an explicit rule here, but there's also not an explicit rule against fighting and you can get tossed for that.   I have no evidence for what would happen in an MLB game today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-06-02T20:27:32.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28913" CreationDate="2023-06-03T22:37:24.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A cut-block under college or high school rules would considered and called &amp;quot;flagrant&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;malicious&amp;quot; contact in the eyes of most (if not all umpires). This is specifically not allowed in most leagues and at minimum makes the runner out if not ejected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Major Leagues, although I can't recall this happening ever, Rule 7.13 (&amp;quot;The Buster Posey Rule&amp;quot;) or Rule 6.01 (&amp;quot;Interference, Obstruction, and Catcher Collisions&amp;quot;) most likely would take effect (albeit somewhat loosely) and the runner would be ejected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is 7.13,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A runner attempting to score may not deviate from his direct pathway to the plate in order to initiate contact with the catcher (or other player covering home plate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, in the judgment of the Umpire, a runner attempting to score initiates contact with the catcher (or other player covering home plate) in such a manner, the Umpire shall declare the runner out (even if the player covering home plate loses possession of the ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably, however, the runner is entitled to do some things that involve contact with the catcher that isn't necessarily seen as &amp;quot;flagrant&amp;quot;. For example, if the runner lays down all of the sudden in order to miss a tag, then the catcher trips over him, in the eyes of most umpires, this is fair game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25310" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-06-03T22:46:45.207" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T22:46:45.207" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28896" CreationDate="2023-06-03T22:45:53.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There have absolutely been instances of this. The manager pointing to the handedness of the pitcher he wants is more of a formality. Almost always, when it is the manager himself walking out to the mound, the pitcher's day is done. However, before he has walked out there, the dugout and the bullpen (through the use of the bullpen phones) know who is coming next. The manager points to the arm, perhaps after his short discussion with the pitcher on the mound, to let the bullpen know that the pitcher due up (who already knows he is coming in the game) should begin coming in from the bullpen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In total, it is more tradition than anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25310" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T22:45:53.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28873" CreationDate="2023-06-03T22:56:19.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most pitchers, especially in the big leagues, only have three pitches that they have in their arsenal (or three pitches that the feel comfortable throwing that day) so yours is by no means limited. A fastball, curveball, slider is a very standard combo because it can be one of the most effective with minimal learning curve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may sound redundant to your problem, but you don't want to pitch every batter the same. You and the catcher need to watch the hitters warming up, on deck, or during their first at bats to see what their weakness are. Do they struggle with timing? Do they straight take 0-0, 1-0 curves? Is he pulling every pitch he sees? These are the sort of questions that you need to be answering before you even step in on the mound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, you should have some intuition when you are on the mound about how the at-bat is going. One of the most basic things you can see is hitter's timing. If they pulled the first fastball you threw foul and was super early, throw him something off-speed so he will be even earlier. If he was late on the fastball you threw and pushed it foul, do not speed him up by throwing off-speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good pitchers are pitchers that have good stuff (movement, location, velocity). Great pitchers are pitchers that are able to use their stuff effectively by understanding the weaknesses of who they are throwing to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25310" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T22:56:19.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28845" CreationDate="2023-06-03T23:57:05.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, all 30 teams have beat each other at least once. Here is the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Braves (June 30, 1998 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Orioles (June 19, 2002 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Red Sox (June 8, 2007 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cubs (June 4, 2003 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;White Sox (June 5, 2003 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reds (June 10, 2003 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indians/Guardians (June 28, 2002 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rockies (June 21, 2002 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tigers (June 15, 2001 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Astros (June 6, 2003 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Royals (June 9, 2001 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Angles (June 9, 1998 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dodgers (June 10, 2002 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marlins (June 22, 1998 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brewers (June 14, 2005 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Twins (June 13, 2003 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mets (June 8, 1998 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yankees (June 10, 2002 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Athletics (June 5, 1998 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phillies (June 26, 1998 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pirates (June 14, 2003 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Padres (June 7, 2002 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Giants (June 19, 2002 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Marlins (June 27, 1998 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cardinals (June 17, 2005 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rangers (June 23, 1998 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blue Jays (June 22, 2002 with a win over the Diamondbacks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nationals/Expos (June 5, 1998 with a win over the Rays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Finally&lt;/strong&gt;, the Diamondbacks beat all 29 other teams for the first time on &lt;strong&gt;June 19, 2007&lt;/strong&gt; against none other than the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. And it was actually the Rays that took the longest to beat every other team. They finally accomplished this by beating the Reds on &lt;strong&gt;June 28, 2011&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25310" LastActivityDate="2023-06-03T23:57:05.057" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28919" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-05T05:37:36.643" Score="0" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that the World Test Championship final is going to be held, how do bowlers who have played in the IPL or any T20 suddenly adapt to test conditions within such a short duration? What strategies do they need to adapt to test cricket lines and lengths?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="25196" LastEditDate="2023-06-05T07:30:22.863" LastActivityDate="2023-06-05T07:30:22.863" Title="How do bowlers adjust their tactics and bowling styles and length when transitioning from T20s to Test cricket" Tags="|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28920" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-05T06:19:56.133" Score="0" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do shot selection, strategies adopted, and the approach of the team differ in Test, one-day games, and T20 formats of cricket? How do they adapt to these conditions and play according to the conditions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="25196" LastEditDate="2023-06-05T07:33:53.040" LastActivityDate="2023-06-05T07:33:53.040" Title="What are the key differences in batting strategies and shot selection between Test cricket, One Day Internationals (ODIs),T20 matches?" Tags="|cricket|strategy|icc|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28922" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-07T08:03:13.243" Score="0" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken, right handed golfers can slice/bend the ball towards the right, and the opposite for left handed golfers. But doesn't that literally make some courses favor certain handedness over others? If a course has more holes that bend towards the right, then right-handers have a huge advantage, right? Or am I underestimating golfers' ability to bend the ball in both directions? Or do courses evenly split between left and right-bending courses?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason I ask is because this seems like a blatant disadvantage, as compared to other sports. E.g. in boxing and tennis, theoretically, a right-hander has to deal with a left-hander just as much the left-hander has to deal with the right-hander. It's completely symmetric (in theory).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as a simple follow-up, which handedness does the Masters Augusta course favor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2023-06-07T08:03:13.243" Title="Are golf courses biased towards left/right-handed players because of the way they can slice?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-07T09:41:10.410" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;Driver clubs are about 45.5 inches. So say you practice a ton with that, and hit accurate shots with it. Then wouldn't increasing the length of the club (say, to 46.5) allow you to hit farther? Albeit, you'll be less accurate, but that can be overcome with more practice, yeah? And can't you keep compounding on this idea? To the point that people use the longest club that they can hit with with reasonable accuracy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or am I getting the physics wrong? Or is there some regulation on club length that makes this impossible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In baseball, I understand why one wouldn't use a heavier/longer bat, since you have to react properly to a pitch. But in a golf drive, there's no reacting, so I'm not sure why you wouldn't go longer/heavier, even if it sacrifices accuracy a bit (and accuracy can be worked on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.: I know that at some point, physically, the length will be too much and make the club too heavy (no one is going to use a 20 foot club). But 45 inches doesn't seem near that physical limit to me, which is why I ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastEditorUserId="23757" LastEditDate="2023-06-07T09:47:43.483" LastActivityDate="2023-06-07T23:02:20.140" Title="In golf, can you theoreticaly keep increasing the length of the driver club to get longer drives?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-07T09:55:27.413" Score="0" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a complete neophyte in golf, but in the anime Birdie Wing, two players are golfing against each other, and deciding over &amp;quot;honor&amp;quot; (who tees first). Does someone hitting first affect the game in any significant way, or is it basically about preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it does affect the game in a significant way, I'd appreciate any statistical proof of it (like how white statistically wins against black in chess), as well as any reasons why it may be the case (e.g. the person going second knows what they're up against, and doesn't have to take risks when unnecessary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23757" LastActivityDate="2023-06-14T14:03:59.347" Title="In golf, who is considered to have the advantage: the one who tees first (has honor), or second?" Tags="|golf|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28923" CreationDate="2023-06-07T23:02:20.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Albeit, you'll be less accurate, but that can be overcome with more practice, yeah?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently not.  At least not to the extent that the extra distance makes up for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hirekogolf.com/blog/post/know-the-rules-maximum-golf-club-length&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HIREKO Golf&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, very few golfers, at least on the PGA and LPGA tour use a&#xA;driver longer than 46&amp;quot; already.  Those that come to mind are Bryson&#xA;DeChambeau and Phil Mickelson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a big advantage between the current maximum of length of 48&amp;quot;&#xA;and 46&amp;quot;, then why don't more experiment or wield a longer driver on&#xA;national TV?  The answer to that is simply risk versus reward.   It is&#xA;frankly much harder to control a longer driver and at the speeds these&#xA;elite golfers possess, any small error is compounded meaning a missed&#xA;fairway, ball underneath an obstacle or ball out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-06-07T23:02:20.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28930" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28931" CreationDate="2023-06-10T22:02:49.677" Score="1" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder if Liechtensteiner football clubs can compete in the UEFA Champions League?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-06-13T10:24:43.337" LastActivityDate="2023-06-14T00:18:22.773" Title="Can Liechtensteiner clubs compete in the UEFA Champions League?" Tags="|football|uefa|champions-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28930" CreationDate="2023-06-10T22:05:18.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Liechtenstein does not have a domestic league, they do not have a spot in the UEFA Champions League. Instead, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_Football_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liechtenstein Football Cup&lt;/a&gt; winner qualifies to the UEFA Europa Conference League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Liechtensteiner team wins the UECL, they can compete in the UEFA Europa League in the next season. If the team won the UEL, then they advance to the UEFA Champions League in the next season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Edit (From @Don_Biglia's comment)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, seven Lichtensteiner clubs are playing in the Swiss Football League system in various tiers, but they cannot qualify for any European competition through Swiss football league accomplishments. This is because Lichtenstein has their own domestic cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, AS Monaco can qualify for the UCL through French Ligue 1 because Monaco does not have either domestic league nor cup competition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** Source :&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_Football_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Liechtenstein Football Cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Super_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swiss Super League&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastEditorUserId="21605" LastEditDate="2023-06-14T00:18:22.773" LastActivityDate="2023-06-14T00:18:22.773" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28932" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28933" CreationDate="2023-06-11T19:23:44.520" Score="1" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;During the trophy presentation for the 2023 French Open, Novak Djokovic received the official trophy for winning the tournament. Right after that, a girl walked up to him and gave him a much smaller trophy. What was the smaller trophy for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-06-12T06:34:17.073" LastActivityDate="2023-06-18T01:14:23.153" Title="What was the smaller trophy that Djokovic received after winning the 2023 French Open?" Tags="|tennis|awards|grand-slam|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28932" CreationDate="2023-06-12T14:45:49.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.as.com/other_sports/roland-garros-trophy-what-is-it-called-what-is-it-made-of-why-does-nadal-own-one-n/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, the small trophy commemorated his 3 French Open victories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Novak Djokovic grabs a special trophy given for his 3 victories at Roland Garros.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It included a photo of the trophy, which you can see has &amp;quot;2016&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;2021&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;2023&amp;quot; engraved on it, which are the 3 years in which he has won the French Open so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LeEwv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LeEwv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastEditorUserId="3763" LastEditDate="2023-06-16T21:23:51.083" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T21:23:51.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28934" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-14T09:36:51.143" Score="2" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like some clarification about the law 41.16, i.e. Mankad.&#xA;What if the bowler fails to run out the no-striker runner?&#xA;We have two situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A) No-striker manages to be back in touch with his ground and then the bowler drops the wicket, in this case I think this is a no-ball under law 21.6, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B) No-striker manages to be back in touch with his ground and then the bowler doesn't drop the wicket, but he stops however because he saw the no-striker came back, what is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25339" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-06-14T14:42:21.370" LastActivityDate="2024-02-15T18:08:36.097" Title="Law 41.16 Cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28924" CreationDate="2023-06-14T14:03:59.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the team matchplay golf that I have played and in the major team competitions (Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup etc) the away team tees off first in all the matches. I cant find it explicitily stated anywhere why this happens (I think this is more a tradition than a rule) but youtube videos of the first tees at these comps back this up. If there was an obvious advantage or disadvantage to going first then I am sure that teams would rather toss a coin for each match than have the honour go to the away team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In singles matchplay that I have played (where there isnt a clear home vs away distinction) it has always been decided by a toss of a coin (or similar), I have never been worried about losing the toss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now after the first hole the honour is dictated by the rules. If no one won the first hole then whoever tee'd off first on the first hole tees off first on the second hole. If someone wins the first hole then they tee off first on the second hole. And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-06-14T14:03:59.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28938" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28941" CreationDate="2023-06-15T20:14:12.030" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18168/what-constitutes-a-player-as-a-rookie&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, do NHL postseason games count towards the current 25 game limit for a player to maintain rookie status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wording of the current &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/info/hockey-operations-guidelines#rookie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL rules&lt;/a&gt; seem a bit ambiguous as to whether a young player called up for the Stanley Cup playoffs would still maintain rookie status if he played 28 post season games, but no regular season games. The rules quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be considered a rookie, a player must not have played in more than 25 NHL games in any preceding seasons, nor in six or more NHL games in each of any two preceding seasons. Any player at least 26 years of age (by September 15th of that season) is not considered a rookie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-06-16T08:07:05.250" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T08:07:05.250" Title="Do postseason games count against the NHL games played limit for rookie status?" Tags="|rules|ice-hockey|nhl|postseason|rookie|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28939" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" LastActivityDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28940" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" Score="0" Body="Questions around rookie status for professional sports leagues" OwnerUserId="61" LastEditorUserId="61" LastEditDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" LastActivityDate="2023-06-15T20:16:06.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28938" CreationDate="2023-06-16T07:27:53.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, postseason games do not count for rookie eligibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Matt Murray &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/nhl/2016/11/29/13776546/matt-murray-penguins-calder-trophy-nhl-awards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was eligible to be considered for the Calder Trophy in 2017, the year after he won the Stanley Cup&lt;/a&gt;, despite playing 13 regular season games and 21 postseason games in 2015-2016. He did not win it, instead &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hockey-reference.com/awards/voting-2017.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;finishing fourth&lt;/a&gt;, but was named to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nhl.com/player/matt-murray-8476899&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NHL All-Rookie team&lt;/a&gt; in 2017.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T07:27:53.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28942" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-16T11:42:16.527" Score="0" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;In South America (CONMEBOL Confederation) there is only one round of games where everyone plays twice with everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how much did a ticket cost for the last qualifiers, for 2022 World Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Couldn't find this information on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even a specific game is fine, Argentina - Brazil would be great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25349" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T11:42:16.527" Title="How much does it cost on average a ticket for a World Cup Qualification game in South America?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24579" CreationDate="2023-06-16T12:13:36.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cricket_in_India_to_1918&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;India&lt;/a&gt;, Australia, and the West Indies had a long history of British colonial rule and exposure to cricket, other nations in Africa, like Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, and Zambia, had different colonial influences or were not as heavily influenced by British culture.&#xA;The development and popularization of cricket require adequate infrastructure, facilities, and resources. In some countries, the lack of proper cricket grounds, training facilities, coaching programs, and funding for the sport can hinder its growth. In those countries, other sports have gained a strong foothold and established themselves as the primary focus of sporting interest. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_national_football_team&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;, football is the most popular sport and has a massive following. The presence of other highly popular sports can divert attention and resources away from cricket. Also the visibility and media coverage of cricket play a significant role in generating interest and excitement among the masses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-06-16T13:51:10.397" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T13:51:10.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28944" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-16T16:18:14.400" Score="1" ViewCount="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/J2DUD1Hsf9g?t=135&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Stage 11&lt;/a&gt; of the 2022 Tour de France, Vingegaard and Roglic used a double-attacking strategy against Pogacar. For example, Vingegaard attacks, Pogacar closes the attack, and Roglic drafts on Pogacar. Then Roglic attacks, Pogacar closes, and Vingegaard drafts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much energy is used by the three riders in one round of attacks? Is it: Vingegaard and Roglic each spend 1 unit when attacking, and Pogacar spends 2 units when closing? Or is it more like 1.5 units for Vingegaard and Roglic, since drafting uses up 0.5 units?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25352" LastEditorUserId="25352" LastEditDate="2023-06-16T17:31:11.850" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T17:31:11.850" Title="Energy usage when attacking and closing attacks?" Tags="|strategy|cycling|tour-de-france|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28945" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-16T19:06:29.047" Score="1" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;The batter squares to bunt and makes contact with the pitch.  The ball bounces in front of home plate.  The ball then bounces up and hits the bat again.  Both feet of the batter are still in the box.  Is is a foul ball?  Is the batter out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25354" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-06-19T01:20:23.420" LastActivityDate="2023-06-19T01:20:23.420" Title="Batted ball hits bat again in the box" Tags="|rules|baseball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28945" CreationDate="2023-06-16T19:49:05.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While a bounced ball could never be a called strike, a batter is allowed to swing at such pitches, so the ball is in play regardless of the bounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the ball strikes the bat twice and the batter is still in the box, this would be under 5.09(a)(7)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.09(a) A batter is out when:&#xA;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) His fair ball touches him before touching a fielder. If the&#xA;batter is in a legal position in the batter’s box, see Rule&#xA;5.04(b)(5), and, in the umpire’s judgment, there was no intention to interfere with the course of the ball, a batted ball&#xA;that strikes the batter or his bat shall be ruled a foul ball;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unintentional contact while in the batters box: foul ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-06-16T21:02:36.993" LastActivityDate="2023-06-16T21:02:36.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-18T07:27:53.653" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it in the rules to run byes on a wide ball which the batsman leaves? So if I leave a wide ball, can I then run byes off it if the keeper fumbles, or will the byes not count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16332" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-06-18T10:58:00.303" LastActivityDate="2023-06-19T11:30:17.120" Title="Leaving a wide ball and running byes?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28949" CreationDate="2023-06-19T11:30:17.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are explicitly &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; byes; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/bye-and-leg-bye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 23.1 &amp;quot;Byes&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the ball, delivered by the bowler, &lt;strong&gt;not being a Wide&lt;/strong&gt;, passes the striker without touching his/her bat or person, any runs completed by the batters from that delivery, or a boundary allowance, shall be credited as Byes to the batting side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my emphasis) However, note that doesn't mean you can't run; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/wide-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 22.5 &amp;quot;Ball not dead&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; makes this very clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball does not become dead on the call of Wide ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;just that they will be counted as wides, not byes. This makes a difference only to the statistics for the bowler and the wicketkeeper, nobody else really cares.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-06-19T11:30:17.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-19T11:53:52.687" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the order of the names in a UFC fight decided?&#xA;For instance, why was UFC 289 main event Amanda Nunes vs Irene Aldana and not Irene Aldana vs Amanda Nunes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;obvious&amp;quot; rules , such as alphabetic or number of wins seems not to apply, when looking at past UFC fights. Is it perhaps just random?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24230" LastActivityDate="2023-06-19T11:53:52.687" Title="How is the order of the names in a UFC fight decided?" Tags="|mma|ufc|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28953" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-20T10:07:11.607" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;We know that in basketball you can only use the hands to play the ball, but what if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player unintentionally touches the ball with his torso and then&#xA;he catches the ball on fly?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;same situation but a player&#xA;intentionally touches or bobbles the ball on his torso?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a player&#xA;unintentionally touches ball with leg and then he catches the ball&#xA;on fly?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25366" LastActivityDate="2024-04-03T11:03:40.403" Title="Body in basketball" Tags="|basketball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28954" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-20T10:31:52.057" Score="3" ViewCount="414" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though mixed doubles are rarely broadcasted on Television, they are a part of official Tennis tournaments, including the Grand Slams. I am wondering, whether on that professional level, there is any unwritten Rules between the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Female players at average and at top-level have slower hitting speeds, which is especially important regarding serves. So even if they do not have slower reaction times, a women will simply not be used to returning a 220 kph serve (unless she is specializing on mixed doubles). So would a male server &amp;quot;restrain&amp;quot; himself when serving? Likewise, would a male player &amp;quot;attack&amp;quot; the female opponent standing at the net like he would with a male counterpart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24315" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-30T11:44:28.947" LastActivityDate="2024-01-29T12:05:35.637" Title="Is there a special etiquette in mixed doubles tennis?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28956" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-06-22T11:46:06.453" Score="2" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since it started, football has had many changes, many of them introduced by FIFA such as red cards, offsides, goalkeepers not being allowed to handle backpasses, VAR, etc. VAR, for example, is not used in all games; I don't know how exactly it works right now for each country/confederation/cup, but at some point it was used by FIFA for continental games, but not for national games or friendly games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which made me wonder: How much independence do continental and national confederations have to set rules different to what FIFA sets? Can they do what they want or are they limited by FIFA? How does this work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-06-22T15:06:29.670" LastActivityDate="2023-06-22T15:06:29.670" Title="How much independence do continental and national confederations have to set rules different to FIFA's?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28958" CreationDate="2023-06-24T00:07:52.367" Score="2" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having looked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/7448/can-fielding-side-stall-the-game-by-not-chasing-the-ball-in-play?rq=1&amp;amp;newreg=55d7939e05564ca1bab57720e216c9b9&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question about time wasting tactics by fielding teams in test cricket, I thought about the following scenario: What if, instead of the fielders refusing to chase the ball, the bowler takes and extraordinarily high amount of time to complete his or her runup to the crease? I understand that this is against the spirit of the game and that the fielding time will definitely be penalized for a slow over rate, but do any of the rules of cricket actually prevent this from happening? And if all the bowlers are banned from bowling, what happens to the innings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25374" LastActivityDate="2023-07-22T07:56:13.270" Title="Cricket loophole: time wasting tactic" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28957" CreationDate="2023-06-24T07:49:14.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A game of cricket isn't a computer program where everybody involved must just follow the rules blindly. If a team tries this, the umpires should first tell them to stop being silly, then warn them, then award the match to the opposition for refusal to play the game via &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-result&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16.3.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a match shall be lost by a side which [...] in the opinion of the umpires refuses to play.  If so, the umpires shall award the match to the other side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The losing team can then if they wish appeal to the organising body for whatever tournament was being played. The organising body can then expel the offending team from the tournament for being idiots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-06-24T07:49:14.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16631" CreationDate="2023-06-25T15:26:30.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tied by the Los Angeles Angels, against the Colorado Rockies, on June 24, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the third inning, Mike Trout homered on a 1-0 count, followed by Brandon Drury and Matt Thais both homering on the first pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chase Anderson was the pitcher.  He was also the pitcher who allowed three home runs on consecutive pitches by the New York Yankees, when pitching for the Blue Jays, on September 17, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25380" LastEditorUserId="25380" LastEditDate="2023-06-25T15:37:32.260" LastActivityDate="2023-06-25T15:37:32.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16631" CreationDate="2023-06-25T17:58:03.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tied by the Cincinnati Reds, on May 5, 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first inning, Eugenio Suarez, Jesse Winker, and Derek Dietrich all homered off Jeff Samardzija, of the San Francisco Giants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25380" LastActivityDate="2023-06-25T17:58:03.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28964" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28965" CreationDate="2023-06-26T17:45:01.023" Score="1" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;I frequently hear snooker commentators use the words &amp;quot;thick&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;thin&amp;quot;. A Web search has turned up a bunch of results, but none that clearly explains what these terms mean (in snooker). Can someone explain, please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="354" LastActivityDate="2023-06-26T21:52:46.360" Title="&quot;thick&quot; and &quot;thin&quot; in snooker" Tags="|terminology|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28964" CreationDate="2023-06-26T21:52:46.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Thick' and 'Thin' are terms to do with the way the player has aimed a shot, and in the attempt to make the shot, has hit the object ball in an undesired way; either not added enough angle (&lt;strong&gt;too thick&lt;/strong&gt;), or added too much angle (&lt;strong&gt;too thin&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here - showing my artistic prowess - is hopefully a better, visual, way of expressing the difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bznMI.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bznMI.png&quot; alt=&quot;Snooker aiming visualisation - Picasso&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the attempt to pot the Blue into the top-right pocket, if the player were to miss the pocket to the left, they did not put enough angle on the ball and thus they hit the object ball &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;too thick&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, if they miss to right then the player added too much angle, and hit the ball &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;too thin&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is not just attempting to pot the ball that this applies too. For instance, on a safety shot, hitting the object ball &amp;quot;too thick&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;too thin&amp;quot; can lead to the player being disadvantaged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, hit the object ball too thick or thin and the player risks not only moving the object ball into an undesired location, but also not getting the cue ball into a safe location - hitting too thick would remove momentum out of the cue ball, and conversely, hitting too thin would mean the cue ball has too much momentum, and could also not stop in a &amp;quot;safe&amp;quot; location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should also be noted that these terms are not unique to Snooker; you would also hear them in Pool and Billiards, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-06-26T21:52:46.360" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28185" CreationDate="2023-06-30T15:54:14.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how do I gallop in swimming so that I don’t get myself and my muscles unbalanced and crooked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple: Your muscles will grow from training, not from your races - and you won't be doing this in all your races anyway, if at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During training don't do the gallop the whole time. It's a sprinting exercise only. If you're really concerned about being as balanced as possible, then alternate the sides that you do the gallop in during training: one day breath to the left, other day to the right - but, of course, use only your preferred side during a race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a bad idea to gallop at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may not end up using it during your races, but it's surely worth experimenting with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25396" LastActivityDate="2023-06-30T15:54:14.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20367" CreationDate="2023-07-02T04:40:24.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theory the two markets for the same situation, and so the odds should be the same. However, there are many reasons why they might not be.&#xA;One, is the rules and regulations, if both markets are for regular time only or if they include OT.&#xA;And the other one is the margin or juice applied. As a general rule, bookmakers apply 3 pp per each selection, so if the winning margin has 9 selections it will apply 127% book. Usually handicpas apply 6%.&#xA;Also, for the winning margin, as the odds become smaller, we tend to apply less margin (dynamic margin).&#xA;So, you can try using those differences in your favor, trying to get as much value as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13892" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-07-02T05:30:58.307" LastActivityDate="2023-07-02T05:30:58.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-02T04:47:19.837" Score="0" ViewCount="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying this for different sports, but to illustrate my problem I will use Basketball as an example.&#xA;I want to crate a statistical relationship between the Spread ( or Handicap ) and the Money Line ( or probability of winning ). And I wish to do this by using data.&#xA;In short, I want to know what should be the probability of winning if one team better than the other by 1, 2, 3, etc points.&#xA;For basketball, usually its used the normal distribution as an approximation of the behaviour of such relationship, but once more, I wanted to use just data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anyone give some lights on how to go about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using ChatGPT, it suggested using Logistic Regression, but I don't believe it works, understanding the principles and logic of such regression. But maybe I am wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13892" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-07-02T05:29:40.897" LastActivityDate="2023-07-02T05:29:40.897" Title="How to create a relationship between winning difference and probability of winning" Tags="|handball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28971" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-02T06:41:17.757" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a floorball player, and recently for my Science Presentation about the Science of floorball, I was thinking of why floorball balls have holes on them. On the ball itself, there are twenty-six holes, and numerous dents on it. I have done some research on it, but I can only come across answers on why the ball have dents on it. The floorball ball is quite like a golf ball/wiffle ball/ pickle ball, but I am still unable to find an answer on why the floorball ball has twenty-six holes on them. The small dimples on it reduce air resistance. The dimples on the ball aid in the reduction of air resistance and friction with the surface. But what about the holes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25400" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:16:36.473" Title="Why do floorball balls have holes and how do they function?" Tags="|floorball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-03T08:04:17.840" Score="-2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel sure that I learned, decades ago, at school that the ball is dead &amp;quot;when the umpire deems it to be dead&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words the umpires at the Lords' test (including the third umpire), had every discretion to rule Bairstow &amp;quot;not out&amp;quot;. He had, after all, been in his ground at the time the ball was taken by the wicket-keeper, and for reasons unconnected with play had left the crease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The umpires' decision to give Bairstow out seems to me in total contradiction to the spirit of the laws of the game. Was it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastEditorUserId="11901" LastEditDate="2023-07-03T18:03:59.827" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T18:03:59.827" Title="When is a cricket ball dead?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28973" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-03T08:11:30.740" Score="0" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering what the percentage of goals scored in added time (45+1', 45+2', 45+3', ..., 90+1', 90+2', 90+3', ...) is. Are there any statistics showing this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, I would be interested in something like (made-up example):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1st-half added time: 5%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2nd-half added time: 8%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found some information, but it's not what I am looking for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/13927/additional-time-stats-in-football&quot;&gt;Additional time stats in football&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.soccerstats.com/stats.asp?page=10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.soccerstats.com/stats.asp?page=10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25404" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-07-03T08:27:55.867" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T08:27:55.867" Title="What is the percentage of goals scored in extra time in the top 5 European leagues?" Tags="|football|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28972" CreationDate="2023-07-03T09:04:10.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20 &amp;quot;Dead Ball&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; is very clear on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1 Ball is dead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1.1 The ball becomes dead when [...] it is finally settled in the hands of the wicket-keeper or of the bowler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ some other things which don't apply here ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.1.2 The ball shall be considered to be dead when it is clear to the bowler’s end umpire that the fielding side and both batters at the wicket have ceased to regard it as in play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;20.2 Ball finally settled&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the ball is finally settled or not is a matter for the umpire alone to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, it is clear that Alex Carey had &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; ceased to regard the ball as being in play, therefore the ball was not dead. That you or anyone else, including the umpires, think it impinges on the spirit of the game is honestly entirely irrelevant here, the ruling was absolutely correct within the laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T09:04:10.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15027" CreationDate="2023-07-03T09:52:10.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The existing answers mostly mention one or two examples, but there has yet to be a comprehensive answer that mentions &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; example. So, from the top:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Formula_One_season#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1958&lt;/a&gt;: Mike Hawthorn won the title but Stirling Moss won the most races (4 to Hawthorn's 1). 3rd-placed Tony Brooks also won more races (3) than Hawthorn.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Formula_One_season#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/a&gt;: John Surtees won the title but Jim Clark won the most races (3 to Surtees' 2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Formula_One_season#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1967&lt;/a&gt;: Denny Hulme won the title but Jim Clark won the most races (4 to Hulme's 2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Formula_One_season#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1977&lt;/a&gt;: Niki Lauda won the title but Mario Andretti won the most races (4 to Lauda's 3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Formula_One_season#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/a&gt;: Jody Scheckter won the title but Alan Jones won the most races (4 to Scheckter's 3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/a&gt;: Keke Rosberg won the title, but no less than five drivers (Didier Pironi, John Watson, Alain Prost, Niki Lauda, and René Arnoux) won more races than him (2 to Rosberg's 1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/a&gt;: Nelson Piquet won the title but Alain Prost won the most races (4 to Piquet's 3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1984&lt;/a&gt;: Niki Lauda won the title but Alain Prost won the most races (7 to Lauda's 5).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/a&gt;: Alain Prost won the title but Nigel Mansell won the most races (5 to Prost's 4).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1987&lt;/a&gt;: Nelson Piquet won the title but Nigel Mansell won the most races (6 to Piquet's 3).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1989&lt;/a&gt;: Alain Prost won the title but Ayrton Senna won the most races (6 to Prost's 4).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;: Lewis Hamilton won the title but Felipe Massa won the most races (6 to Hamilton's 5).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship#World_Drivers%27_Championship_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/a&gt;: Nico Rosberg won the title but Lewis Hamilton won the most races (10 to Rosberg's 9).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Lister Jaguar noted, this was &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; common from the late 70s through to the late 80s, due to a combination of increased competitiveness and lower reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-07-03T09:52:10.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28976" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-05T02:59:29.467" Score="1" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I was watching the old Ireland tour in New Zealand from 2022. I noticed an interesting play that got called as a simple knock on but I think it may have been more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scenario is- All Black player knocks the ball forward in contact and All Black player beside him. Intentionally catches the forward knock on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel like the ruling would be that the player who caught the knock on is it an offside position because they are ahead of the player to last had the ball on his team and intentionally playing a ball in an offside position is a penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this was a huge discrepancy at the last World Cup when this very situation happened in the game between Australia and Scotland, and essentially lost Scotland the game because of this missed call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thoughts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25411" LastActivityDate="2024-01-11T08:03:50.443" Title="Offside player intentionally catches knock forward ball by his team mate" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28976" CreationDate="2023-07-05T06:26:04.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it is an accidental knock-on by the first player, the second player cannot be offside. The sanction is a scrum only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 10 Offside, part 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who receives an unintentional throw forward is not offside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a deliberate knock-on or throw-forward by the first player, the second player is irrelevant, because the opposing team should choose the penalty with an extra metre or more distance in their favour, especially over a scrum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 10 Offside, part 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sanction: The non-offending team can choose either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. Penalty at the place of infringement; or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ii. Scrum where the offending team last played the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;versus Law 11 Knock-on or Throw forward, part 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player must not intentionally knock the ball forward with hand or arm. &lt;strong&gt;Sanction: Penalty.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-07-07T08:54:37.077" LastActivityDate="2023-07-07T08:54:37.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28979" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-05T12:32:19.423" Score="0" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AI5nCkE1xM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023 Hot Dog Eating Contest&lt;/a&gt;, and I noticed the &amp;quot;dogs/minute&amp;quot; metric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would one go about increasing this number? I would think keeping this number consistent would yield more HDB over the span of 10 minutes compared to eating as much as you can as fast as you can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XIxpv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XIxpv.png&quot; alt=&quot;DOGS/MINUTE&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25414" LastActivityDate="2023-07-05T12:32:19.423" Title="How to increase dogs/minute?" Tags="|competitive-eating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="28981" CreationDate="2023-07-05T15:16:40.747" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the game of cricket, there are several ways a batsman can be dismissed. One of these ways is if they fail to reach the crease before the fielder hits the wickets with the ball while running between the wickets. However, what happens if the fielder hits the wickets with their hand instead of the ball, and specifically, &lt;strong&gt;not the hand holding the ball&lt;/strong&gt;? Is the batsman still considered dismissed in this scenario if they haven’t reached the crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25416" LastEditorUserId="25416" LastEditDate="2023-07-05T15:17:10.350" LastActivityDate="2023-07-05T15:22:15.150" Title="Is a batsman out if a fielder hits the wickets with their hand, not holding the ball, before the batsman reaches the crease?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28980" CreationDate="2023-07-05T15:22:15.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not out. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-wicket-is-down&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 29 &amp;quot;The wicket is broken&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; gives the ways by which the wicket can be broken:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wicket is broken fairly if a bail is completely removed from the top of the stumps, or a stump is struck out of the ground [ ... ] by a fielder with his/her hand or arm, providing that the ball is held in the hand or hands so used, or in the hand of the arm so used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your scenario, the ball was not held in the hand used so the wicket has not been broken fairly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-07-05T15:22:15.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-07T13:18:26.033" Score="0" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any comprehensive centralised online resource where I can find advanced stats/metrics for free or at least relatively inexpensive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At a minimum I would like to start with Player Efficiency Rating (PER) or Adjusted Efficiency Rating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then ideally I would move onto Box Plus/Minus (BPM), Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) and True Shooting Percentage (TS%). This would be just for the top NCAA players of the previous season who were drafted in the 1st round of the NBA draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I've looked in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cbbanalytics.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cbbanalytics.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.teamrankings.com/ncaa-basketball/player-stat/win-score&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.teamrankings.com/ncaa-basketball/player-stat/win-score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course Sports Reference which only shows the all-time best players in PER: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/leaders/men/per-player-career.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/leaders/men/per-player-career.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So unfortunately none of these sources have turned out to be very useful, so any help in this would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25425" LastActivityDate="2023-07-07T13:18:26.033" Title="Where to find advanced stats like PER and Win Shares for Division 1 College Basketball players in the NCAA?" Tags="|basketball|statistics|collegiate|sabermetrics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27853" CreationDate="2023-07-08T09:26:54.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever the basketball is intentionally hit by the leg/foot, a violation will be called. If a player uses a foot to prevent the ball from going out of bounds, it is a violation. If a cross-over hits the leg of an opponent intentionally, it is a violation. So, if the ball is blocked or hit intentionally by the leg or foot a violation might be called, no matter if you are defensive or offensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure why more ball players do not use this to an advantage...it is much like being a goalie on the basketball court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25427" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:26:54.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14392" CreationDate="2023-07-08T09:30:53.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For myself, no socks mean blisters will happen. This is true for any sport where the shoe itself is subjected to sudden stops, twists, turns, and long-term use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25427" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:30:53.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28953" CreationDate="2023-07-08T09:41:53.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are my thoughts...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For scenario(s):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A torso catch is quite common. The problem is catching and not getting whistled for a moving violation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A torso bobble and catch is also common. There is no violation as long as control is not established while moving. A player can bobble catch and take two steps with a violation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Unintentional leg/foot contact is allowed. You can literally hit the knee of a defensive player and score a basket, as long as the defender did not intentionally use the knee (trying to block a bounce pass).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25427" LastActivityDate="2023-07-08T09:41:53.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14562" CreationDate="2023-07-09T21:20:29.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The standard positions refer to where the players, particularly the forwards, line up at scrum time. In the loose, players line up in &amp;quot;pods&amp;quot;, and how they line up in attack and defence, and who's in what pod, is down to each team and their coaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the lineout, it's standard for the hooker to throw the ball in, the locks to jump and the props to lift, but it's not compulsory. When I was young, France used to have their scrum-half, Pierre Berbizier, throw the ball in, and then run in to receive the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the backs, one common variation is at inside centre. Do you play a big, strong ball-carrying and tackling 12, or a second playmaker? I'm an Ulster fan, and Ulster's game is very different if Stuart McCloskey, the Bangor Bulldozer, plays 12, than if Stewart Moore, who's less physical and more of a playmaker, does. This year, I've seen Munster play Ben Healy at 10 and Jack Crowley at 12 - they're both out-halves, and both basically played as out-halves, both acting as distributors and tactical kickers. The opposite thing happened when Ulster played La Rochelle - Nathan Doak lined up at scrum-half and Ian Madigan at out-half. In practice, Doak played a hybrid scrum/out-half role, doing almost all the distribution and tactical kicking, and Madigan played as a third centre, making tackles and running the ball into traffic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22012" LastActivityDate="2023-07-09T21:20:29.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28993" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-10T00:11:41.120" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the name of a defensive player in the NFL that wore a customized face mask that looked beaded?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mask is yellow or gold, and black? I thought he was on the Bengals. He was a mostly known for clean but hard hits. I don't think he was particularly famous. I think he had long hair, braided from what I remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25434" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-07-10T06:57:08.647" LastActivityDate="2023-12-09T06:00:35.077" Title="Does anyone know the name of the player who wore a customized face mask which looked like it was beaded?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28993" CreationDate="2023-07-10T00:15:38.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The facemask was yellow and white, and the player was Sean Taylor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J3ZRk.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J3ZRk.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Yellow and white beaded facemask of Sean Taylor&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25434" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-08-11T05:24:45.117" LastActivityDate="2023-08-11T05:24:45.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-10T09:12:31.540" Score="1" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I have understood the grip of leg break (&amp;quot;two fingers up and two down&amp;quot;), but I am having problems understanding how to release the ball; when to uncock my wrist, where will my palm face while releasing the ball. etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the most effective way to bowl a leg break?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25437" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-07-10T09:44:31.867" LastActivityDate="2023-07-10T09:44:31.867" Title="How to bowl a big leg break?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28997" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-09T12:11:40.700" Score="3" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked through &lt;a href=&quot;https://worldcroquet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/WCF-GC-Rules-6th-Edition-Final-7.3.22.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The WCF Rules of Golf Croquet&lt;/a&gt;, but can't find anything specific for this sitation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose an opponent's ball is touching a hoop on the opposite side to the player's ball, and the player deliberately hits his ball as hard as possible &lt;em&gt;towards the hoop,&lt;/em&gt; but with no intention of &lt;em&gt;directly&lt;/em&gt; contacting the opponent's ball (intending the motive force to be transferred &lt;em&gt;through the hoop upright&lt;/em&gt; to the opponent's ball).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know if that constitutes &amp;quot;abuse of equipment&amp;quot; under rule 16.2.3, which outlaws any play...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;...which physically abuses the player’s mallet &lt;strong&gt;or other equipment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25439" OwnerDisplayName="FumbleFingers" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-10T18:50:21.430" LastActivityDate="2023-07-10T18:50:21.430" Title="Is it equipment abuse to hit hard a ball hard towards a croquet hoop?" Tags="|croquet|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="28999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29000" CreationDate="2023-07-12T11:53:32.193" Score="1" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;AS title, there are 5 types of extras as I know: byes, no balls, leg byes, penalty, and wides. Is there a way to tell which type of extras needs to be counted and which doesn't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a totally newbie so if what I list is not accurate, feel free to elaborate on your ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20406" LastActivityDate="2023-07-12T12:28:07.270" Title="How to calculate strike rate of a cricket batsman with fully considering extras?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28999" CreationDate="2023-07-12T12:28:07.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is all covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/scoring-runs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 18.10 &amp;quot;Crediting of runs scored&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless stated otherwise in any of the Laws,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.10.1 if the ball is struck by the bat, all runs scored by the batting side shall be credited to the striker, except for the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an award of 5 Penalty runs, which shall be scored as Penalty runs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the one run penalty for a No ball, which shall be scored as a No balls extra.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.10.2 if the ball is not struck by the bat, runs shall be scored as Penalty runs, Byes, Leg byes, No ball extras or Wides as the case may be.  If Byes or Leg byes accrue from a No ball, only the one run penalty for No ball shall be scored as such, and the remainder as Byes or Leg byes as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strike rate is then just the number of runs credited to the batsman divided by the number of (valid) balls they faced, traditionally then multiplied by 100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-07-12T12:28:07.270" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29003" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-13T06:44:46.867" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always watch the highlights for every F1 race. I know that the winner of each Grand Prix will get a trophy and a medal. But recently, I found out that at the British Grand Prix, there are two types of trophy that are presented to the winner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first trophy is the Grand Prix trophy, that is given to the drivers in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The other trophy is the Golden Trophy, where the winner of the British Grand Prix will have their name engraved on the bottom part of the trophy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, does the winner get to keep the other trophy for himself? Or does it need to be returned later on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25014" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-13T17:54:59.173" LastActivityDate="2023-07-13T17:54:59.173" Title="Does the winner of British Grand Prix keep the Golden British Grand Prix trophy?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29003" CreationDate="2023-07-13T09:30:42.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Grand_Prix_Trophy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official, perpetual trophy is awarded to the winner of the British Grand Prix &lt;strong&gt;and then returned to the Royal Automobile Club, where it is permanently housed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they do not get to keep the golden trophy permanently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-07-13T09:30:42.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16103" CreationDate="2023-07-13T18:43:56.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always had the same view of this, but looking at the wording of the rules it doesn't seem to necessarily say that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the attack definition specifically exclude blocks as a possible type of attack, you can't say that &amp;quot;because it was a spike (an attack) it couldn't be a block&amp;quot;. Quite the opposite. You must judge if it was a block solely by the definition of a block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Removing the phrase &amp;quot;close to the net&amp;quot; for clarity, the definition says &amp;quot;Blocking is the action of players ... to intercept the ball coming from the opponent....&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no mention of the types of actions that might be legal in terms of &amp;quot;intercepting the ball&amp;quot;. Dictionary says intercept is: &amp;quot;obstruct so as to prevent them from continuing to a destination&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But isn't a spike an effective action to &amp;quot;intercept&amp;quot; the ball? Its intent may be more than just interception but it certainly includes interception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In typical blocking, we are allowed to push the ball down when blocking, which is a bit more than just interception too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by the definitions, I think spikes could be considered valid blocks (as long as they are near the net, and over the net, and intercepting a ball coming over, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in this case, the attempted spike was a failure and was not an action that &amp;quot;directs the ball towards the opponent,&amp;quot;, which is the very definition of an attack. It was just a block that looked a bit like a spike!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25447" LastEditorUserId="25447" LastEditDate="2023-07-13T19:09:38.373" LastActivityDate="2023-07-13T19:09:38.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29007" CreationDate="2023-07-14T15:41:28.683" Score="2" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Watching Wimbledon, I saw Novak Djokovic and Venus Williams slip on the court.  I'm sure there were many other instances in the past of players slipping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can tennis players wear shoes with cleats/studs/spikes on grass courts when they play so they don't slip and/or injure themselves while playing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it doesn't have to be cleats like soccer or football players but I've worn softball cleats with rubber spikes on a grass softball field and they help with traction on the field.  I can't see why it wouldn't help on a grass tennis court other than it's against the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="11921" LastEditDate="2023-07-18T09:18:15.537" LastActivityDate="2023-07-18T09:18:15.537" Title="Is it against the rules for tennis players to wear cleats on a grass court?" Tags="|tennis|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29006" CreationDate="2023-07-15T20:23:22.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wimbledon, as with the other Grand Slams, is governed by its own set of regulations separate from the ATP (men's) and WTA (women's) professional circuits. I can't find the exact regulations for Wimbledon, but the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.atptour.com/-/media/files/rulebook/2022/2022-atp-rulebook_21dec.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 ATP Rulebook&lt;/a&gt; contains the following (Section VII, (b)(i), page 204):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shoes shall not cause damage to the court other than what is expected during the normal course of a match or practice. Damage to a court may be considered as physical or visible, which may include a shoe that leaves marks beyond what is considered acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a bit handwavey, but I think it's pretty clear this will rule out cleats/studs. Certainly, a grass court isn't going to stand up to two weeks of people playing on it with cleats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-07-15T20:23:22.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26060" CreationDate="2023-07-17T05:30:17.517" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Germany at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;World Cup in 2007&lt;/a&gt; conceded zero goals! Naturally, their goalkeeper Nadine Angerer won Best Goalie of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25461" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-17T07:31:00.053" LastActivityDate="2023-07-17T07:31:00.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29009" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-17T14:24:12.843" Score="0" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many different trophies were there at each grand slam? And where can I find some photos of them? For example Wimbledon trophy nowadays looks differently as the one Rod Laver once won. Roland Garros current trophy is given to a winner only from year 1981.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20195" LastActivityDate="2023-07-17T14:24:12.843" Title="Tennis grand slam trophies" Tags="|tennis|awards|grand-slam|wimbledon|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29011" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-18T02:48:57.787" Score="3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be a longstanding belief that, if a pitcher has warmed up and/or begun to pitch, but then there is a long rain delay, that he should be replaced after the delay instead of continuing to pitch.  The concern is that pitching after he has &amp;quot;cooled off&amp;quot; may be ineffective or risk injury.  (A related question, unanswered so far: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/10645/what-has-historically-been-the-effect-of-a-long-rain-delay-on-a-pitchers-arm&quot;&gt;What has historically been the effect of a long rain delay on a pitcher&amp;#39;s arm?&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this interact with the new three-batter minimum rule?  If a pitcher enters the game and there is a rain delay before he has pitched to three batters, is he still required to continue pitching after the delay?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could ask the same question about suspended games that are resumed on a later day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three-batter minimum rule (5.10g) does not appear to contain any exception for delays in the game, but maybe there is something I've missed.  I could also imagine an unwritten rule that the umpire would waive the three-batter minimum, or that a cooled-off arm could count as an &amp;quot;injury or illness which incapacitates him from pitching&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This almost(?) happened in the Giants-Reds game that was on July 17, 2023.  The Reds manager went to the mound to make a pitching change, and just then, the umpires called for the tarp.  On the other hand, I think the umpires may have called the delay &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the name of the new pitcher was announced.  If so, presumably when the delay ends, the Reds can insert any available pitcher - not necessarily the one who was warmed up before the delay.  I wonder if the umpires did this deliberately as a way to avoid the issue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="26534" LastEditDate="2024-04-05T20:16:06.690" LastActivityDate="2024-04-05T20:16:06.690" Title="Three-batter minimum and rain delays" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|pitching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28875" CreationDate="2023-07-18T19:04:27.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to an article in The Athletic (paywalled), the issue wasn't simply Bumgarner's poor performance on the field.  It was compounded by him refusing to accept advice from the Diamondbacks coaching staff on issues such as mechanical adjustments and pitch selection.  He also had a history, since 2021, of disregarding  the team's scouting reports on opposing hitters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the author puts it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually, after years of trying to return the left-hander to even a shadow of the standout pitcher he was as a Giant, Arizona threw up its hands and decided to let Bumgarner sink or swim on his own.  Ultimately, he sank.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://theathletic.com/4538589/2023/05/22/madison-bumgarner-diamondbacks-struggles/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Behind the scenes of Madison Bumgarner's struggles with the Diamondbacks&amp;quot; by Zach Buchanan, &lt;em&gt;The Athletic&lt;/em&gt;, May 22, 2023.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastActivityDate="2023-07-18T19:04:27.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29011" CreationDate="2023-07-18T22:39:51.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no specific language regarding rain delays in the rules (in fact, there is remarkably little in total; 4.03 and 4.04 has little to say beyond denoting who has the authority to start or pause a game).  However, rain delays have similarities to two things: inning changes, and suspended games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/hhvryxqioipb87os1puw.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt;, 7.02(c), they have the following comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 7.02(c) Comment: If immediately prior to the call of a suspended game, a pitcher has not pitched to a minimum of three consecutive batters in accordance with Rule 5.10(g), such pitcher, when the suspended game is later resumed may, but is not required to start the resumed portion of the game. However, if he does start the resumed portion of the game, he shall have to complete pitching to his first three consecutive batters in accordance with Rule 5.10(g); and, if he does not start upon resumption of the game, he will be considered as having been substituted for and may not be used again in that game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, it is treated identically to the situation as a new inning (where the pitcher may be changed at the change of the inning, but if he does not, he must pitch to the completion of three total batters, as is in 5.10(g).  I would suggest that it is likely that rain delays would follow a similar pattern, without any rules to the contrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-07-19T19:34:49.843" LastActivityDate="2023-07-19T19:34:49.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22575" CreationDate="2023-07-19T07:00:13.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Incorrect.  The ball needs to touch foul territory to be called foul.  And is why an Umpire does not declare a foul ball until it has made contact with the ground, a player (un-caught) in foul territory, or the fence.  Otherwise a catch could not be made in foul territory, as we see in MLB nearly daily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A batted ball between home and 1st / home and 3rd, bouncing from fair ground into foul territory, caught before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it touches foul territory,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;careenes off a player in foul territory,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or the fence,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a fair ball, as it has not yet reached foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, no ball could be caught in foul territory...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25474" LastEditorUserId="25474" LastEditDate="2023-07-19T07:04:24.320" LastActivityDate="2023-07-19T07:04:24.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29016" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-19T08:50:31.130" Score="0" ViewCount="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;We played a tournament with 9 teams so the best looser is supposed to play the last team . We played and lost 1-0 and the other losers played and lost 2-1, 3-1 and 4-0. So who are supposed to qualify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25475" LastActivityDate="2023-07-19T08:50:31.130" Title="Qualification of tournament" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-07-19T09:01:07.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29019" CreationDate="2023-07-21T08:22:41.487" Score="0" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to baseball, really love it but for me as European the rules are bit unclear. I am confused by &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/DO4h-fH_vu8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this video of Javy Báez&lt;/a&gt;. From what I understand as Javy is running back to home plate another player is running there. My question (1) is why the catcher was trying to tag the runner? Maybe so he cannot run back to 3rd base? But anyway catcher was already standing on the plate and had the ball in his glove before runner touched the plate, so I would say runners only option is to run back to 3rd base but (2) as he touches home plate referee signals that the runner is &amp;quot;safe&amp;quot;. Why? Many thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21324" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2023-07-24T23:47:20.587" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T23:47:20.587" Title="Do I need to tag runner while standing on the base?" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29018" CreationDate="2023-07-21T08:33:46.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a bunch of stuff going on here. The most important distinction is between runners who are &amp;quot;forced&amp;quot; and those who are optionally running - a runner is &amp;quot;forced&amp;quot; if they are no longer entitled to the previous base. This always applies to a batter who has just hit the ball (a &amp;quot;batter-runner&amp;quot;), but also applies to runners who are required to move because the batter-runner is coming up behind them - e.g. a runner on first base when a hit is made, a runner on second when a hit is made &lt;em&gt;if there is also a runner on first&lt;/em&gt;. A runner on second when a hit is made is not forced if there is not a runner on first as they can happily just stay on second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A runner can always be put out by being tagged; a runner who is forced can also be put out but a fielder being in possession of the ball while touching the base they are running to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That hopefully explains why the catcher was trying to tag the runner from third - the runner was not forced as they started on second with no runner on first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What this doesn't explain is why the first baseman didn't simply step on first base to put Báez out and then throw home to prevent the runner advancing. There's no good answer to that - the first baseman just totally and utterly screwed up, apparently forgetting the rules of the game they play professionally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-07-21T08:33:46.717" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29020" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29021" CreationDate="2023-07-21T10:14:21.810" Score="1" ViewCount="356" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a team ever declared whilst still trailing the opposition in a First Class / Test Match before?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it may seem counter intuitive, seemingly giving your opponent an advantage going into the third innings of a game, there may actually be advantages to doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: your team are trailing by, say, 40 runs. The current weather, and for the upcoming sessions, is very favourable towards bowling (overcast, a stiff breeze, quite humid etc.), but will likely improve for batting afterwards. The pitch also seems to going flat, meaning that batting last should be &amp;quot;easy&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You, as captain, may see an opportunity to get the opposition in to bat, and look to bowl them out cheaply, utilising the favourable conditions, and then having a relatively modest final innings chase on a flat pitch with good batting conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is if you know the final day of the game is likely to be lost to rain, and you need to force a win, and you wish to progress the game so you can getting into the final chase as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-07-21T11:53:51.183" Title="Has a team ever declared whilst still trailing?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29020" CreationDate="2023-07-21T11:25:04.397" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two instances of this &lt;strong&gt;and the team winning&lt;/strong&gt; in Test Cricket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1934-35-61755/west-indies-vs-england-1st-test-62624/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Indies vs England, 1st Test, 1935&lt;/a&gt; - England declared 21 runs behind and went on to win by 4 wickets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-west-indies-2011-12-540161/west-indies-vs-australia-1st-test-540176/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;West Indies vs Australia, 1st Test, 2012&lt;/a&gt; - Australia declared 43 runs behind and went on to win by 3 wickets.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Technically&lt;/em&gt; England also declared behind in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1999-00-61687/south-africa-vs-england-5th-test-63864/full-scorecard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;infamous Centurion Test in 2000&lt;/a&gt; but this was only because it wasn't clear at the time if the Laws allowed a team to forfeit its &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; innings so they declared at 0/0 and South Africa forfeited their second innings. For readers not aware, the contrived result was set up by Hansie Cronje, the South African captain, in order to win a bet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will be many more instances in first class cricket, or where the team has declared behind and not won.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-07-21T11:53:51.183" LastActivityDate="2023-07-21T11:53:51.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29022" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-21T11:57:35.737" Score="3" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix will be using the new Alternative Tyre Allocation rule for Qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What happens if it rains during Qualifying? All I have heard is they must use hards for q1, mediums for q2 and soft for q3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25486" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2023-07-21T15:29:35.227" LastActivityDate="2023-07-21T15:31:38.583" Title="Alternative Tyre Allocation: what happens if it rains?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29022" CreationDate="2023-07-21T15:31:38.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the session is declared &amp;quot;wet&amp;quot; by the race stewards, then the teams will have a free tyre choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/five-things-you-need-to-know-alternative-tyre-allocation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mercedes' explainer&lt;/a&gt; on the new rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drivers have four sets of the intermediate tyre, and three sets of wets, to use per weekend. If a session is declared wet, they then have a free tyre choice.&lt;/strong&gt; This could be from those inters or wets, but also across the slick tyre range if track conditions permit. That means we may not see the mandated compound running in qualifying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-07-21T15:31:38.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29031" CreationDate="2023-07-22T07:40:48.457" Score="1" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading some of the bodybuilding organisations list of banned substances and it mentions beta blockers. One of the types of beta blockers Atenenol is a medication that has been prescribed to me by a doctor for perfectly legitimate reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I never imagined that some random blood pressure medicine could get me banned out of a sport. I must admit that reading this was rather disappointing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never done any type of drugs and the only medication I have ever taken was the ones prescribed to me by doctors. I'm left wondering why blood pressure medicine is the first banned substance bodybuilding organisations mentions. There seems to me to be many more egregious drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2023-07-24T23:47:32.943" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T23:47:32.943" Title="Why are beta blockers a banned substance?" Tags="|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28957" CreationDate="2023-07-22T07:56:13.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one day cricket teams are expected to adhere to a certain over rate so as to ensure games are finished in a certain amount of time. This has to do with tv schedules. Broadcasters want the game to finish in a specific amount of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Financial penalties for captains can be made if it turns into a chronic problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2023-07-22T07:56:13.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24727" CreationDate="2023-07-24T09:08:39.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;when you hit a heavy backspin serve, the movement should not be down. try moving your elbow underneath the ball as if your serving, and then try flicking your wrists when the ball appears to be on the rubber. This will help you practice generating backspin. Backspin serves with downward movement usually end up with little to no spin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25501" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T09:08:39.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24727" CreationDate="2023-07-24T09:13:50.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my personal experience, spin doesnt get faster with more dwell time on the bat. see this clip of Ma Long's forehand here. &lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ed4yO-otvNs?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;As you can see, he doesnt exactly hit with the leading edge of the bat. He gwenerates even more spin by hitting the ball when his hand is moving at the fastest speed during the swing. My point is, when you want to generate heavy spin. looping is key.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25501" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T09:13:50.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29024" CreationDate="2023-07-24T21:26:33.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beta blockers reduce &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2021/11/16/19/11/Cardiovascular-Medications-on-the-World-Anti-Doping-List#:%7E:text=Beta%20blockers%20reduce%20sympathetic%20effects,%2C%20golf%2C%20shooting%20and%20fishing.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sympathetic effects&lt;/a&gt;, which can have an impact on competitive sports that are reliant on stability of extremeties (by reducing the symptoms of anxiety, such as tremors).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beta Blockers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beta blockers reduce sympathetic effects, such as increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which often are heightened during athletic competition. WADA explicitly prohibits beta blockers in sports that are reliant on stability of the extremities, such as archery, racing, billiards, darts, golf, shooting and fishing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While beta blockers used to be banned only during competition, that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usada.org/athlete-advisory/key-changes-2023-prohibited-list/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was changed in 2023&lt;/a&gt; to at all times in some sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do note, however, that WADA at least does not ban beta blockers in weightlifting and similar sports, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list?filters%5Bprohibited_type%5D%5B%5D=%22Beta-blocker%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the list&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Archery (WA)*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Automobile (FIA)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Darts (WDF)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Golf (IGF)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mini-Golf (WMF)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shooting (ISSF, IPC)*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe and snowboard halfpipe/big air&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Underwater sports (CMAS)* in all subdisciplines of freediving, spearfishing and target shooting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2023-07-24T21:32:10.917" LastActivityDate="2023-07-24T21:32:10.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3767" CreationDate="2023-07-25T12:44:09.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think 1 rest day could be a good idea and if you want I'd suggest weights or some form of crosstraining if you will go crazy not working out. I've gotten burnt out amd problems when I used to run everyday. I know swimming is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since youre only swimming 1 hard Day and the rest 1 hour I don't think you'd have a ton to worry about if you didn't. But it's also good for your mental health to take 1 so all around I'd suggest it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25508" LastActivityDate="2023-07-25T12:44:09.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17989" CreationDate="2023-07-25T20:32:07.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without more context, it's difficult to say. As noted in other answers, it could mean &amp;quot;Stadium Record&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Season Record&amp;quot;. (Although &amp;quot;Season Record&amp;quot; is odd phrasing to me - &amp;quot;Season Best&amp;quot; is much more common.) If it is a collegiate or other level of scholastic competition it may mean &amp;quot;School Record&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastEditorUserId="13730" LastEditDate="2023-07-26T16:04:06.233" LastActivityDate="2023-07-26T16:04:06.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29044" CreationDate="2023-07-27T11:06:52.060" Score="0" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;The recently concluded fourth test in Ashes between England and Australia ended in a draw where England were looking to draw the series , but unfortunately rain spoiled the game which ended in draw.So my question is can the match officials enforce a reserve day (rain interrupted matches) in test cricket on the request of Captain rather than holding reserve days only for ICC events like WTC final?&#xA;Also the second test match between India and WestIndies ended in draw again due to rain.Where India would have won the match if in case there was a reserve day.So is reserve day only used in ICC events like WTC final , ICC cricket world cup,ICC T20 worldcups only ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25196" LastEditorUserId="25196" LastEditDate="2023-07-27T12:13:18.133" LastActivityDate="2023-07-30T21:26:58.540" Title="Reserve day in cricket" Tags="|rules|cricket|icc|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29041" CreationDate="2023-07-28T05:43:51.780" Score="3" ViewCount="506" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/2050/in-the-nfl-is-it-legal-to-fake-an-extra-point-kick-and-run-a-two-point-conversi&quot;&gt;Under older NFL rules, it was legal, even if unusual, to line up for an extra point kick but make a try for the endzone to score two points.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linked question and answer are from before a considerable rule change in the NFL. Before, either play would happen from the 2. Now, kicks are from the 15 and two-point tries are from the 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it still possible to run a fake kick to try for the two-point conversion? The discussion &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/5483/21848&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; does not clarify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21848" LastActivityDate="2023-10-02T09:06:57.337" Title="With the NFL moving the extra point back, is it still possible to fake the kick and go for two?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28652" CreationDate="2023-07-28T05:53:18.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Steve Young and Deion Sanders of the San Francisco 49ers did this in 1994. Young was the league MVP, and Sanders was the DPOY. Aside from the league MVP being the same player as the DPOY (Lawrence Taylor in 1986, Alan Page in 1971), this seems to be the only instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2003, Jamal Lewis won Offensive Player of the Year while his Baltimore Ravens teammate Ray Lewis won Defensive Player of the Year. Though Jamal Lewis was not the league MVP (split between Peyton Manning and Steve McNair), I find this to be an interesting case worth mentioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21848" LastActivityDate="2023-07-28T05:53:18.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12493" CreationDate="2023-07-28T17:18:48.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This appears to have happened during a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/game/_/gameId/401326351&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;preseason&lt;/a&gt; game between the Buccaneers and the Bengals in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that instance (after a period of confusion) although the kick succeeded, no points were awarded and the try was not reattempted.  Technically, there was no penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A discussion of the play is on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballzebras.com/2021/08/faked-extra-point-is-good-but-its-worth-0-points/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;footballzebras.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-07-28T17:18:48.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29038" CreationDate="2023-07-28T17:23:05.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A discussion of the opposite play (a kick attempted from the run/pass starting position) on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballzebras.com/2021/08/faked-extra-point-is-good-but-its-worth-0-points/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;footballzebras.com&lt;/a&gt; notes that the rulebook does not specify this, but declares that this would be legal and still valid for 2 points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a team attempts a kick that does not snap from the 15 (or equivalent yard line after a penalty), it is a touchback, and the conversion attempt fails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if the line of scrimmage is set for a kick, the offense may still run or pass for two points, particularly if there is a botched snap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This agrees with my personal opinion of what should happen on the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/38541829/cowboys-fake-pat-throw-defensive-lineman-2-point-conversion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;, on October 1, 2023, Dallas became the first team to score 2 points on a &lt;em&gt;fake&lt;/em&gt; field goal try since the attempts were relocated.   (They do point out that the Browns scored 2 on a &lt;em&gt;blocked&lt;/em&gt; attempt in 2019).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened during the 2023 week 4 matchup between the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay/_/gameId/401547453&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Patriots and Cowboys&lt;/a&gt;.  After a Cowboys touchdown early in the 2nd quarter, Dallas lined up for a try in the field goal formation from the 15.  Instead of a kick, the team threw a forward pass and was able to move the ball into the end zone.   The successful try was awarded two points.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/3yFJb769c60?t=254&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL video&lt;/a&gt; on youtube.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-10-02T09:06:57.337" LastActivityDate="2023-10-02T09:06:57.337" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29043" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-07-30T17:43:02.800" Score="4" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;In chess it is often informally said that there are men's tournaments and women's tournaments. Actually it is not true. There are open tournaments, in which both men and women can participate. And then are tournaments for women only. This means that female chess players have a choice whether to play in the (stronger) open tournaments or in the (weaker) women's tournaments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this in tennis? Can a top woman player like Swiatek choose to participate in a top men's tournament? Would Swiatek then have to go through a tough qualifying tournament?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25116" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-31T10:45:47.027" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T23:00:17.740" Title="Can woman tennis players participate in men's tournaments?" Tags="|rules|tennis|gender|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29035" CreationDate="2023-07-30T21:26:58.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets say for argument sake that adding an extra day at the end of a test is easy to organise and available to the teams...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What circumstances are you going to get where both teams agree to play an extra day? In the case of the Ashes, with play abandoned, Australia retained the Ashes. Pat Cummins is never going to agree to a reserve day and risk that. The match officials are literally there to be the people who do not care who wins or loses. Australia not wanting to play will carry just as much weight as England wanting to play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ICCs motivation for having reserve days for their finals is to maximise the chances that they can hand a trophy over to a team after the final has been played. They dont have the same worries or stakes with a series between two nations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-07-30T21:26:58.540" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29043" CreationDate="2023-08-01T01:32:04.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Men cannot participate in WTA tour tournaments, but women can participate in the ATP tour.&#xA;There is no regulation in ATP that prohibits women's participation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is very hard for any woman to play at a competitive ATP-level tournanment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2023-08-01T01:32:04.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29048" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-01T18:59:07.590" Score="0" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, if a bowler takes two wickets in three balls and the third is a run-out, this is not a hat trick since the bowler is not credited with the wicket for the run-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if it's the bowler who got the run-out, is it a hat trick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: this literally just happened in the Southern Brave v Trent Rockets men's game in the Hundred, Chris Jordan got a run-out and then bowled two in two. He was not credited with a hat trick, instead the next ball was hat trick ball... but is he not credited with a wicket for the run-out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25553" LastEditorUserId="25553" LastEditDate="2023-08-01T19:09:04.780" LastActivityDate="2023-08-01T19:09:04.780" Title="Hat trick for bowler including a run out" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2023-08-01T19:18:37.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28954" CreationDate="2023-08-02T04:24:25.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no special etiquette in mixed doubles tennis matches at the professional level. Professional players are expected to adhere to the rules of the game, that is all. As professionals, they are aware of their own strenghts and weaknesses and also of their opponents. If the opposing mixed double team has a female player who has difficulty returning a hard service, that is simply a bonus. No restaint is required or expected, as this would only harm the chances of the restraining team. Similarly if the male of the opposing team has a poor backhand, it is perfectly okay to direct as many balls as possible to his backhand. If a team loses matches as a result of these weaknesses, the two players should address this problem and train harder. That is what professionals do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25116" LastActivityDate="2023-08-02T04:24:25.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5029" CreationDate="2023-08-02T17:52:40.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Football teams have long used children as mascots. The children themselves enjoy it, and it adds a bit of &amp;quot;family value&amp;quot; to the sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However nowadays it is something for which the children's parents often have to pay. For a fee a club will offer a mascot opportunity, which involves them getting to meet the players, having a kick around with them, and ending up with a team strip to take home. Some children receive such a mascot opportunity as a birthday present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;International teams will sometimes provide such an opportunity to the physically disabled, or to a child who has suffered in some way eg the loss of someone close to them. David Beckham the great star of the 1990s and 2000s when playing for England, was often accompanied on to the field by a little girl with a portable breathing apparatus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastActivityDate="2023-08-02T17:52:40.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25413" CreationDate="2023-08-03T17:28:54.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maradona scored two goals with his right foot playing for Boca Juniors in 1981, one against archrival River Plate (a true golazo) and another against Instituto (between the legs of the goalkeeper). Both goals can be seen here, at the 1:05 and 6:40 marks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/itb-SAKh2Sk?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also scored four goals with his right foot playing for Napoli. This can be seen on this video, at the 2:18, 8:12, 9:45, and 11:34 marks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/XqAW4ENtONY?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He also gave several assists with his right foot, including probably the most famous of all, the one to Caniggia against Brazil at the 1990 World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25565" LastEditorUserId="25565" LastEditDate="2023-08-04T03:39:09.147" LastActivityDate="2023-08-04T03:39:09.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29055" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-06T23:46:07.800" Score="1" ViewCount="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times has an MLB team won a game after issuing 12 or more walks?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25576" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-08-07T06:40:48.683" LastActivityDate="2023-08-29T22:03:55.387" Title="Teams winning games despite issuing numerous walks" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29056" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-07T12:58:52.153" Score="0" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the need to have a strip that differentiates goalkeepers from outfield players, but success in top-flight sport often depends on taking advantage of fine margins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely being highly-visible gives an advantage to opposing players as they can see where the 'keeper is and aim shots / take up a position accordingly - even if the 'keeper is not in direct line of sight, there's a player's postional awareness and peripheral vision to consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has there been any research comparing gaudy and muted colours?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21083" LastActivityDate="2023-08-07T18:11:02.287" Title="Why do goalkeepers wear highly-visible strips?" Tags="|football|strategy|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29056" CreationDate="2023-08-07T18:11:02.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-4---the-players-equipment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;laws around the player equipment&lt;/a&gt; say this for clothing colours&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colours&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and the match officials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each goalkeeper must wear colours that are distinguishable from the other players and the match officials&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the two goalkeepers’ shirts are the same colour and neither has another shirt, the referee allows the match to be played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My reading of that is that a team cant dictate what their keeper wears. So when a team is designing their goalkeeper kit they'll cross out all the colours that clash with their home and away kit, cross out all the other teams colours, take into &lt;a href=&quot;https://refereekithistory.com/premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;consideration the referee kits&lt;/a&gt;. You can see why you're left with the gaudier end of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-08-07T18:11:02.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29059" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-10T10:16:06.757" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered a frustrating scenario in a soccer match that I would like your opinions about. During a play, the attacking player prepared to take a shot, but I was quicker and managed to kick the ball from behind just before he was able to take a shot, but as the attacking player had already begun their kicking motion, he striked my heel instead of the ball, fell to the ground, and a free kick was given to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How could a free kick be justified in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25590" LastEditorUserId="25590" LastEditDate="2023-08-10T10:18:55.160" LastActivityDate="2023-08-10T10:51:00.537" Title="Is a free kick justified in this situation?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29059" CreationDate="2023-08-10T10:51:00.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 12.1 &lt;em&gt;Direct free kick&lt;/em&gt;, emphasized with the relevant point:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent condidered by the referee to be careless,&lt;/strong&gt; reckless or using excessive force:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;charges&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;jumps at&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kicks or attempts to kick&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pushes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tackles or challenges&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;trips or attempts to trip&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If an offence involves contact, it is penalised by a dirct free kick.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Placing your body in a position that almost guarantees you will be kicked meets this requirement. It should be sanctioned to discourage actions which increase the likelihood of injury, whether to others or yourself. The sanction is a direct free kick for this offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you continued to play this way within the same match, you may be justifiably cautioned for persistent offences under Law 12.3, &lt;em&gt;Disciplinary action&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had you made the tackle successfully without causing contact, in a way that &amp;quot;threatens injury to someone ... and includes preventing a nearby player from playing the ball for fear of injury&amp;quot; you could and should still be sanctioned with an indirect free kick under Law 12.2, &lt;em&gt;Indirect free kick&lt;/em&gt; for playing in a dangerous manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2023-08-10T10:51:00.537" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-12T15:01:55.990" Score="1" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the striker gets an edge that would have hit the wicket but strikes the batsman instead is it leg before wicket?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25594" LastEditorUserId="25594" LastEditDate="2023-08-12T15:02:38.460" LastActivityDate="2023-08-12T18:02:43.040" Title="LBW with an edge" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29062" CreationDate="2023-08-12T18:02:43.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is impossible to assess how much deflection there is in any such nick, so it is impossible to confirm that the ball would have hit the wicket.  No matter what an observer may think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 36.1 refers to LBW.  Subclause 36.1.3 states that for a batsman to be out LBW;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;the ball not having previously touched his/her bat, the striker&#xA;intercepts the ball, either full-pitch or after pitching, with any&#xA;part of his/her person&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the ball must hit the person but not the bat first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9502" LastActivityDate="2023-08-12T18:02:43.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29067" CreationDate="2023-08-13T21:46:46.717" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Or maybe is it not the same trophy, what 'it' is referring to (though I would think the cup Brazil got to keep was that anyways)? This saying gets said a lot during the men's world cup, there's even a song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user25598" LastEditorDisplayName="user25598" LastEditDate="2023-08-13T21:50:32.243" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T07:08:59.920" Title="Are people saying &quot;It's coming home&quot; in England for the women's world cup, somewhat comparably as they do for the men's world cup?" Tags="|football|world-cup|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10495" CreationDate="2023-08-14T07:05:18.323" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 2022 World Cup saw a female referee officiate a match at the mens' World Cup for the first time, as Stéphanie Frappart took charge of the group stage match between Costa Rica and Germany. As far as I can tell, the officials at the 2023 Women's World Cup are all female except for the VAR officials, most of whom are male. But generally speaking, as of 2023, the answer is &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;: officials at both the mens' and womens' tournaments can be of either gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-08-14T12:39:33.417" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T12:39:33.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29064" CreationDate="2023-08-14T07:08:59.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A quick social media search for &amp;quot;It's coming home&amp;quot; tells me that people &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; using it in relation to the England women's team, but not nearly as much as they used it in relation to the England men's team when they reached the World Cup semi-finals in 2018 or the Euros finals in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is, as the question implies, partly due to women's football having a lower profile than men's football, but I suspect there's also the fact that the England women's team won Euro 2022 last year, ending the country's 56-year trophy drought. This may be why the phrase has seen less usage this time round, as to an extent, women's football already &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; come home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T07:08:59.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15015" CreationDate="2023-08-14T11:17:30.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2016, Jermaine Beckford and Eoin Doyle of Preston North End &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38197595&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;fought&lt;/a&gt; after Doyle chose to shoot instead of putting Beckford through. Both players were sent off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25602" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-08-14T12:39:11.477" LastActivityDate="2023-08-14T12:39:11.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29069" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-16T15:35:35.100" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;In basketball, let's say a player is inbounding the ball, tosses the basketball at the referee who’s inside the playing court, and the same player takes the ball back to action afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a good ball or violation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25607" LastEditorUserId="10112" LastEditDate="2023-09-04T08:23:29.237" LastActivityDate="2023-09-04T08:23:29.237" Title="Is it a good ball or inbound violation?" Tags="|rules|nba|fiba|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12206" CreationDate="2023-08-16T21:05:04.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The whole team has to be an U18 team for mixed gender, so a 17yo girl can't play for a EPL/EFL team, or even in adult amateur leagues which are governed by the FA (which is probably all leagues in English football - maybe some 5 a-side astro turf amateur leagues allow it, but definitely no FA-controlled leagues): &amp;quot;Players in a Match must be of the same gender save for matches in a playing season in the age groups Under 7 to Under 18 inclusive (as defined at Rule C).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25608" LastActivityDate="2023-08-16T21:05:04.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-17T01:50:38.137" Score="1" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day something prompted me to review the infield fly rule, which says (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An infield fly is any fair fly ball (not including a line drive or a bunt) which can be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort when &lt;strong&gt;first and second or first, second and third base are occupied&lt;/strong&gt;, before two men are out. The rule is in place to protect against a team allowing a shallow fly ball to drop in with the intention of causing a force play at second and third or second, third and home. Otherwise, the team would be able to force out baserunners who had stayed put on a routine fly ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these situations, the umpire will declare &amp;quot;infield fly&amp;quot; for the benefit of the baserunners as soon as it is apparent that the fly ball qualifies as an infield fly. The batter is out even if the ball is not caught, and the baserunners can advance at their own risk. If the ball is caught, the baserunners can attempt to advance as they would on a typical ball caught in the air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question I have is &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; is the rule applicable when first and second are occupied and not just any first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to me like this is ripe for a defense to abuse in order to almost assuredly get 2 outs by letting the ball drop while the runner on 1st waits, thereby creating an easy double play at first and second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this assumption wrong perhaps due to the time for the fly ball to fall, the batter will have ample time to run it out and reach first, thus, the defense is simply in a state of being able to pick which runner then want to have on first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this because presumably due to the fly ball's time to fall, the batter will have more than enough time to run it out and reach 1st? This &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/q/1689/21125&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; discusses the very subjective nature of the rule, but it seems odd to me to not extend that subjectivity to when a situation occurs that could potentially become a free double play, even moreso when the rule's stated goal is to protect baserunners who stay put on a routine fly ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T21:53:25.027" Title="Why does the infield fly rule only apply if runners are on 1st and 2nd?" Tags="|rules|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-17T16:46:56.177" Score="0" ViewCount="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;In football is it allowed to snatch a ball that the gaolkeeper is kicking which is in mid air&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25613" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-08-17T18:01:17.960" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T18:01:17.960" Title="Hitting a ball while gaolkeeper is kicking it" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-08-17T19:04:03.457" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29069" CreationDate="2023-08-17T20:26:55.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://ak-static.cms.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/10/Official-Playing-Rules-2022-23-NBA-Season.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA Rules&lt;/a&gt; Rule 10, Section III&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A thrower-in shall not&lt;/strong&gt; (1) carry the ball onto the court; (2) fail to release the ball within 5&#xA;seconds; (3) &lt;strong&gt;touch it on the court before it has touched another player;&lt;/strong&gt; (4) leave the designated&#xA;throw-in spot which is one step to his left or right; (5) throw the ball so that it enters the&#xA;basket before touching anyone on the court; (6) step on the court over the boundary line before&#xA;the ball is released; (7) throw the ball out-of-bounds without it being touched by a player&#xA;in the game; (8) exit the playing surface to gain an advantage on a throw-in; (9) hand the ball&#xA;to a player on the court.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PENALTY: Loss of ball. The ball is awarded to the opposing team at the original spot of&#xA;the throw-in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee is not a player and does not satisfy the prohibition for clause (3).  This is a violation and the opposing team gets the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules/current.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA Rules&lt;/a&gt; are very similar here, and the corresponding section is 17.3.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-08-17T22:27:03.727" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T22:27:03.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29071" CreationDate="2023-08-17T21:53:25.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why is the rule applicable when first and second are occupied and not just any first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The baserunners can't easily advance on a fly ball.   If there are 2 or more such runners that are potentially forceable, then the defense can &lt;em&gt;easily&lt;/em&gt; manufacture a double-play by intentionally dropping the ball in such cases.   This has been deemed to be something to prevent.   With just a runner at first, a double-play isn't simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this assumption wrong perhaps due to the time for the fly ball to fall, the batter will have ample time to run it out and reach first, thus, the defense is simply in a state of being able to pick which runner then want to have on first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly correct.   The expectation is that the runner should be able to make it to first if the fly ball is dropped, so that a double play can't be &lt;em&gt;easily&lt;/em&gt; manufactured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infield fly rule removes an edge case that is deemed to be too powerful for the defense.  But it does so by removing the need for the defense or the batter to execute.  If at all possible, we would prefer that these players be rewarded for execution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while there may be an occasional case where you could get a hustling batter on a dropped fly, it's not common, and the downside of stopping the play seems to not be warranted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-08-17T21:53:25.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5675" CreationDate="2023-08-18T03:05:56.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen 2 methods for determining who serves first in a casual setting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the table tennis club I go to, this method is always used. Each player stands at their end of the table. One of the players takes a ball, brings both hands underneath the table so that the other player cannot see the ball, and then puts the ball in one hand or the other. Then while keeping each hand underneath the table, the hands are moved apart to the sides. The other player then has to guess which hand the ball is in. If they guess correctly, they serve first; if not, then the player holding the ball serves first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each player stands at their end of the table and places their paddle on the end of the table. Then the players alternate throwing a ball to the other side of the table. This proceeds until one player's throw touches their opponent's paddle, at which point the player who threw the ball serves first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2023-08-18T03:05:56.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29078" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29079" CreationDate="2023-08-18T09:56:33.607" Score="2" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have all the promoted teams in one season ever been relegated in the following season?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most recent season when this &amp;quot;almost&amp;quot; happened was 2012/13, when two previously promoted teams got relegated. But in this season there was a third promoted team, which didn't get relegated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11871" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-12-01T07:08:53.733" LastActivityDate="2023-12-01T08:13:05.687" Title="Have all promoted teams from one season of the united German Bundesliga ever been relegated in the following season?" Tags="|football|statistics|bundesliga|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29078" CreationDate="2023-08-18T12:26:03.397" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has happened four times, although on all but one occasion, only two teams had been promoted the previous season:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1966/67&lt;/a&gt;, when Fortuna Düsseldorf and Rot-Weiss Essen were both immediately relegated. (Only two teams were promoted and relegated in those days.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1978/79&lt;/a&gt;, when Arminia Bielefeld, 1.FC Nürnberg, and SV Darmstadt 98 were all immediately relegated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1982/83&lt;/a&gt;, when FC Schalke 04 and Hertha BSC were both immediately relegated. Only two teams had been promoted in 1981-82, as Bayer Leverkusen had won a play-off and got to keep their place; Schalke ended up in the relegation play-off in 1982/83 but lost and were relegated along with Hertha and Karlsruhe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_Bundesliga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In 1992/93&lt;/a&gt;, when Bayer 05 Uerdingen and 1.FC Saarbrücken were both immediately relegated. The Bundesliga had temporarily expanded to 20 teams in 1991/92 to include two East German teams as part of the reunification; only two teams were promoted that year while four were relegated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honourable mention goes to 1986/87: of the two promoted clubs, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin were relegated, while FC Homburg went into the play-off (but won and kept their place).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There have also been nine occasions in which 2/3 of the promoted clubs were relegated: 1975/76, 1977/78, 1985/86, 1991/92 (though as mentioned above, four teams were relegated that year), 1999/2000, 2003/04, 2005/06, 2007/08, and 2012/13.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-12-01T08:13:05.687" LastActivityDate="2023-12-01T08:13:05.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29081" CreationDate="2023-08-18T16:26:43.970" Score="3" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1980 Summer Olympics was held in Moscow, Soviet Union.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many countries boycotted the games initiated by the United States for Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there were some communist countries in the boycotting countries such as People's Republic of China, Albania and some else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the reason for communist countries to boycott the 1980 games?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-08-18T19:59:12.553" LastActivityDate="2023-08-18T19:59:12.553" Title="Why did China and some other communist countries boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics?" Tags="|history|olympics|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29080" CreationDate="2023-08-18T19:58:52.957" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1980 boycott wasn't &lt;em&gt;specifically&lt;/em&gt; a capitalist vs communist boycott - it was to protest at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With particular regards to China, China and the Soviet Union had &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;very divergent views of the &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; interpretation of communism throughout the 1960s to 1980s&lt;/a&gt;; details of that are probably better in a Politics SE answer than a Sports SE one, but the long and short is that they were not allies who were going to unconditionally (or in some cases, even conditionally) support each other against the Western countries. Similarly, Albania was not an unconditional ally of the Soviet Union, having &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania#Withdrawal_from_the_Warsaw_Pact&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;withdrawn from the Warsaw Pact in 1968&lt;/a&gt; and to some extent allied itself with China.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-08-18T19:58:52.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29082" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about the sport of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;croquet&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" LastActivityDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29083" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" Score="0" Body="Questions about the sport of croquet." OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" LastActivityDate="2023-08-19T11:35:02.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29084" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-19T18:07:07.250" Score="0" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can a player steal a base during an appeal play of another runner missing a bag?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25622" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-08-20T21:10:48.367" LastActivityDate="2024-01-18T10:01:50.197" Title="Can a base runner steal during an appeal play?" Tags="|rules|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29085" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-19T22:13:04.587" Score="0" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners at first and second.  Two out.  The next batter is out at first.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Runners advanced during the play.&#xA;Which bases were the LOB Runners considered to be left on? 1st and 2nd, or 2nd and 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25623" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-08-20T18:33:31.467" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T21:33:43.787" Title="Question about Baseball and Runners Left On Base (LOB)" Tags="|baseball|mlb|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29084" CreationDate="2023-08-20T18:16:11.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Runners are allowed to advance at their own risk when the ball is in play (time out has not been called).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different leagues have different rules about the specifics of the appeal process.  But for MLB, runner appeals are made when the ball is live, so a runner on base may attempt to steal during an appeal play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-08-21T08:28:33.460" LastActivityDate="2023-08-21T08:28:33.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29085" CreationDate="2023-08-20T18:31:21.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine that the play started with bases loaded.   The runner on third does not score, so you'd never consider saying that the inning ended with that runner left at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They haven't safely advanced.  If it matter for stats, the LOB would be first and second in this scenario.  (I'm not used to caring what bases are reached for LOB count).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-08-20T18:31:21.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29088" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29089" CreationDate="2023-08-22T10:51:23.497" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;In beachvolleyball, the rules about blocking a ball beyond the net and what is considered an attack hit are a bit unclear to me. Here are the relevant rules: (from  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fivb.com/en/beachvolleyball/thegame_bvb_glossary/officialrulesofthegames&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fivb.com/en/beachvolleyball/thegame_bvb_glossary/officialrulesofthegames&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.1.1 In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play, before the latter’s attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13.1.1 All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets say player A sets player B, and player C (other team) is getting ready to block B. Do I understand the rules correctly in the following scenarios?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A sets perpendicular to the net and the ball clearly stays on their teams side.&#xA;Therefore it is not an attack hit, and player C may not touch the ball before B because it would interfere with B's play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A sets the ball such that it is moving towards the net and might go over if neither B or C touch it, but it is in reach of both B and C. Because A already made an attack hit, C may hit it before B, even tough it interferes with B's play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A sets the ball such that it is moving towards the net but does not seem likely to go over. Both player B and C are in reach of it. Because the set is not going over, it is not an attack hit and player C may not touch it before player B &lt;em&gt;(im very unsure here)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A sets in such a way that the ball stays on their side but B is is not able to reach it. C may hit it because it is not interfering with B's play.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I get this correctly? Generally I am not sure if I understand 13.1.1 correctly.  &amp;quot;All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; does the ball have to actually be on a trajectory to the opponents side to count as an attack hit, or is it enough that it goes into the direction of the opponents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25625" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-08-22T14:48:18.293" LastActivityDate="2023-08-22T14:54:19.140" Title="Beachvolleyball: When can you block an opponent beyond the net?" Tags="|rules|volleyball|beach-volleyball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29088" CreationDate="2023-08-22T14:54:19.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A sets perpendicular to the net and the ball clearly stays on their teams side. Therefore it is not an attack hit, and player C may not touch the ball before B because it would interfere with B's play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A sets the ball such that it is moving towards the net and might go over if neither B or C touch it, but it is in reach of both B and C. Because A already made an attack hit, C may hit it before B, even tough it interferes with B's play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No; the restriction on &amp;quot;no interference&amp;quot; takes precedence here. You can perhaps argue that the wording of the rules isn't entirely precise here, but this is the way the game works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A sets the ball such that it is moving towards the net but does not seem likely to go over. Both player B and C are in reach of it. Because the set is not going over, it is not an attack hit and player C may not touch it before player B&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct, this is not an attack hit - the ball must be actually going to pass over the net for it to be an attack hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A sets in such a way that the ball stays on their side but B is is not able to reach it. C may hit it because it is not interfering with B's play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not an attack hit so blocking is not allowed. But in any case, if C isn't able to reach the ball B should just keep well out of the way and win the point anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-08-22T14:54:19.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29091" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-23T16:47:24.323" Score="0" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there is the regular season MVP.&#xA;The All-Star game MVP.&#xA;The NBA Finals MVP.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a 4th MVP awarded by the league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25631" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-08-23T17:20:39.100" LastActivityDate="2024-01-21T18:41:22.757" Title="How many different MVP awards are there in the NBA?" Tags="|basketball|nba|awards|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29091" CreationDate="2023-08-23T17:15:23.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA Conference Finals Most Valuable Player Award has been awarded since 2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbcsports.com/nba/news/nba-to-name-conference-finals-mvps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.nbcsports.com/nba/news/nba-to-name-conference-finals-mvps&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25633" LastActivityDate="2023-08-23T17:15:23.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-24T05:36:29.180" Score="0" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody out. A Runner is on First Base. The next Batter hits the ball on the ground, and the Fielder gets the lead Runner out at Second Base, the Batter taking First Base. The same bases situation as before, except there is now one Out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you see this as two Runners getting to First for the team, or just one? If that Batter had struck out, there would still be a Runner on First with one Out. How do you see this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25623" LastActivityDate="2023-08-24T22:12:11.610" Title="Baseball - Reaching by Fielder's Choice" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29095" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-24T13:47:56.757" Score="3" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question was prompted by me watching &lt;em&gt;Ted Lasso&lt;/em&gt;. I'm four episodes into Season 3 and it's strongly implied that new signing Zava has scored all of Richmond's goals up to this point. It occurred to me how improbable (and unsustainable) this is - even the most prolific players will usually score only a fraction of their team's output across an entire season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it got me wondering: &lt;strong&gt;what's the highest percentage of a team's goals in one season to have been scored by a single player?&lt;/strong&gt; To keep this reasonably-scoped, I'm only counting league goals, and I'm only counting top-flight professional leagues (I can narrow this further to just the &amp;quot;top five&amp;quot; leagues if that's still too broad).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best I can find is William &amp;quot;Dixie&amp;quot; Dean in 1927/28, when he scored 60 of Everton's 102 goals (58.8%). Has anyone ever beaten this? &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/soccer/comments/4jfkwq/what_is_the_highest_percentage_of_a_teams_league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Reddit thread&lt;/a&gt; mentions a player in 1933/34 who scored 63.52% of Rouen's goals, but that wasn't in the top flight, so it doesn't count for the purposes of this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-11-10T01:16:39.470" Title="What's the highest percentage of a team's goals in one season to have been scored by one player?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29093" CreationDate="2023-08-24T21:08:29.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second batter is not credited with a hit and the pitcher is not charged with a hit. In fact, the second batter is charged with an at bat so it lowers their batting average. And the pitcher still gets credited with an out/ third of an inning pitched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the on base percentage statistic, the second batter is NOT credited with reaching base. So if that is what you are asking, I guess the answer is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OBP refers to how frequently a batter reaches base per plate appearance. Times on base include hits, walks and hit-by-pitches, but do not include errors, &lt;strong&gt;times reached on a fielder's choice&lt;/strong&gt; or a dropped third strike. (Bolding added)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/on-base-percentage#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/on-base-percentage#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So from the standpoint of the second batter’s statistics it is same as any other out (not including sacrifices and outs that get RBI’s- it’s not even a productive non-sacrifice out) and from the pitcher’s statistics it is the same as any groundout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastEditorUserId="24097" LastEditDate="2023-08-24T21:15:26.457" LastActivityDate="2023-08-24T21:15:26.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29093" CreationDate="2023-08-24T22:12:11.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's unclear what you're asking here. Perhaps you're just learning the game and I - and others looking at this so far - are familiar with it so communications are not great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/29096/13730&quot;&gt;Damila's answer&lt;/a&gt; addressed the statistical issues, so I will not. Instead I'll attempt to provide some insight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you see this as two Runners getting to First for the team, or just one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see it as one runner at first being exchanged for another while an out has been made. The out is the most important issue here, as the offensive team is only allotted three per inning, so they've just used up one and not otherwise significantly affected their odds of scoring; however, at least they avoided a double play, so have two outs left and still have one runner on the basepaths. Also, a new batter is coming up who may be more or less effective as a hitter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that Batter had struck out, there would still be a Runner on First with one Out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct. The same is true if the batter had hit the ball in the air leading to an out without the runner advancing or the batter was called out for interfering with a defensive player's attempt to make a play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you see this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, I see it as a runner still being on first base, but now one more out made. In addition to what has already been said above, there may be subtleties involved such as exchanging a fast runner for a slow one or vice versa that could affect whether the runner on first base  will (eventually) score or not. If it's a game where pitchers bat (not currently applicable in Major and Minor League Baseball), maybe the pitcher will become a little more tired if he reached base - or get to rest a little if he was the runner who was out at second base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2023-08-24T22:12:11.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28373" CreationDate="2023-08-29T21:48:44.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Worst hitters with at least two All-Star appearances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;Rk&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;AS&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;Career WAR&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;From&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;To&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Hal Smith&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1.9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1965&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Hal Wagner&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2.5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1937&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1949&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Dave Ferriss&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2.9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1945&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Blue Moon Odom&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Jim Finigan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1959&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Harvey Haddix&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1965&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Birdie Tebbetts&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1936&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Rollie Hemsley&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1928&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1947&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Don Mueller&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1959&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Leo Durocher&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4.3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1925&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1945&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full list at: &lt;a href=&quot;https://stathead.com/tiny/T6CHr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://stathead.com/tiny/T6CHr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming you don't want the pitcher's WAR for hitting included in this list. I excluded pitchers from the batting war by setting a requirement of 15% in any non-pitching position. Blue Moon Odom (a pitcher) still sneaks into this list, because he was frequently used a pinch runner. I didn't want to filter out any other legit hitters who were used as a pinch runner in their career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Worst pitchers with at least two All-Star appearances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;Rk&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Player&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;Career WAR&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;IP&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;From&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;To&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Gregory Soto&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1.9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;254.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Blue Moon Odom&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1509&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Luis Arroyo&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;531.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1955&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1963&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Mike Williams&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;768.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Kazuhiro Sasaki&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;3.7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;223.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Joel Hanrahan&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4.3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;404.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Chris Pérez&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;4.7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;379.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;David Bednar&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;183.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Al Javery&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5.6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1142.2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1940&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1946&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Ryne Duren&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;5.7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;589.1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;1965&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why stathead is not including the All-Star appearance in their final table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the pitchers, I had to set a minimum innings pitched of 150 innings. Otherwise, you'd get guys like Jose Canseco in there who pitched a couple innnigs. Why 150 innings? There's a Yankee outfielder, Ben Chapman, who was a 3x All-Star in the 1930s. In his career he pitched 141 innings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full list at: &lt;a href=&quot;https://stathead.com/tiny/jwARF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://stathead.com/tiny/jwARF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25656" LastActivityDate="2023-08-29T21:48:44.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29055" CreationDate="2023-08-29T22:03:55.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team that has issued 12+ walks, and won the game has occurred in &lt;strong&gt;171 games&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ten most recent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Season&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Opp&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;IP&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;HOU&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2023-08-06&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;NYY&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 9-7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;HOU&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2021-07-11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;NYY&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 8-7&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;PIT&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2021-04-13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;SDP&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 8-4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;WSN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2020-09-11&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;ATL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 8-7 (12)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;HOU&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2020-07-31&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2020&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;LAA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 9-6&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;ARI&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2019-03-29&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2019&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;LAD&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 5-4 (13)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;MIN&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2018-05-12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;LAA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 5-3 (12)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;CHW&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2016-06-01&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;NYM&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 2-1 (13)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;SDP&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2016-05-14&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;MIL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 8-7 (12)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BOS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2015-08-28&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;NYM&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 6-4 (10)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most walks issued in a win is 18 walks (accomplished twice)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Season&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Opp&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;IP&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BAL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2004-07-02&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;PHI&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 7-6 (16)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;DET&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1920-09-17&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1920&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BOS&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 14-13 (12)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full list: &lt;a href=&quot;https://stathead.com/tiny/Iopw9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://stathead.com/tiny/Iopw9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you want to include games that are only 9 innings or less, then it's 85 games.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most walks in a 9-inning games is 16 walks (done in three games)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Team&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Season&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Opp&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;IP&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;SLB&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1948-06-21&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;PHA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 9-8&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;WSH&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1932-05-03&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1932&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;NYY&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 5-4&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;PHA&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1913-07-12&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;1913&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;DET&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;W 16-9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="25656" LastActivityDate="2023-08-29T22:03:55.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-08-31T11:52:39.520" Score="0" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many times has an MLB team lost a game after scoring 10 or more runs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25633" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T21:26:59.157" Title="Teams losing games despite scoring runs" Tags="|baseball|statistics|mlb|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29102" CreationDate="2023-08-31T22:48:58.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This happens fairly frequently.  For example, just looking around briefly, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NYN/NYN202307180.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chicago White Sox lost to the New York Mets 11-10&lt;/a&gt; a month ago or so, and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/COL/COL202305280.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;New York Mets lost to the Colorado Rockies 11-10 as well&lt;/a&gt; earlier this season. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/SDN/SDN202304290.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Giants lost to the Padres 16-11&lt;/a&gt; early in the season, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CIN/CIN202307180.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beat the Reds 11-10&lt;/a&gt;; the Reds had of course only recently &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CIN/CIN202306230.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;beaten the Braves by a similar 11-10 margin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-08-31T22:48:58.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-01T00:18:36.627" Score="1" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently we can see matches getting longer and longer. It started with Qatar and FIFA asking referees to prolong added time as much as possible, if there were any delays. Apparently more than 9 hours were added with extra time in all matches, as calculated e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/5/why-has-there-been-so-much-stoppage-time-at-the-2022-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now we have very long matches in La Liga and Premier League - e.g. Getafe vs Barcelona - this season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if anything like that applies to European leagues such as Champions League. I've seen articles about UEFA representatives rejecting/disliking the idea, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/aug/30/uefa-to-avoid-inflated-added-time-in-champions-league&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;. Zvonimir Boban said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can say that it’s absolutely absurd myself,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet I could see some very long added times even in qualifiers of all the leagues. E.g. Viktoria Plzen - Drita had ~25 minutes of added time in 2nd half alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any idea if any official regulations were established regarding this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other references:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1134406/ifab-stoppage-time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB encourages World Cup-style extended stoppage time to combat time wasting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The International Football Association Board (IFAB) has encouraged referees to follow the approach taken at last year's FIFA World Cup in Qatar and introduce extended periods of stoppage time to combat time wasting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://talksport.com/football/1517171/premier-league-rule-changes-2023-24-season-stoppage-time-fouls/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Premier League new rule changes for 2023/24 season: Top-flight chiefs crackdown on dissent and time-wasting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Premier League are taking their cue from the 2022 World Cup after stats showed the ball was only in play around 55 minutes on average in top-flight games last term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Referees will now be obliged to specifically time interruptions before restarts after a goal, a substitution, injury, or set-piece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24944" LastEditorUserId="24944" LastEditDate="2023-09-01T01:27:27.920" LastActivityDate="2023-09-01T01:27:27.920" Title="Are there any UEFA regulations for longer added time in football?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-02T22:44:11.667" Score="1" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;During Gameweek 4 of the 2023/4 Premier League season, there were 3 separate hat-trick scorers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Son Heung-Min (Burnley vs &lt;strong&gt;Tottenham Hotspur&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Erling Haaland (&lt;strong&gt;Manchester City&lt;/strong&gt; vs Fulham)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evan Ferguson (&lt;strong&gt;Brighton&lt;/strong&gt; vs Newcastle)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hat-tricks are fairly rare - there are usually &lt;a href=&quot;https://footballcollective.org.uk/terminology/hat-trick/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;somewhere between 10-20 per season in the Premier League&lt;/a&gt; - so to have 3 in a single gameweek is very unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the most amount of separate hat-trick scorers in a single gameweek in the Premier League (and the old First Division)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2023-09-04T15:47:08.270" LastActivityDate="2023-09-04T15:47:08.270" Title="Most hat-tricks in a single gameweek" Tags="|football|trivia|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29107" CreationDate="2023-09-03T08:47:43.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sticking with just the Premier League, there have been five other game weeks in which three hat-tricks were scored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23 September 1995, when Robbie Fowler (Liverpool), Alan Shearer (Blackburn), and Tony Yeboah (Leeds Utd) scored hat-tricks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;27-28 September 2003, when Ruud van Nistelrooy (Man Utd), Kevin Lisbie (Charlton), and Steve Watson (Everton) scored hat-tricks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25-26 October 2019, when Jamie Vardy, Ayoze Pérez (both Leicester), and Christian Pulisic (Chelsea) scored hat-tricks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;23-24 October 2021, when Mason Mount (Chelsea), Joshua King (Watford), and Mohamed Salah (Liverpool) scored hat-tricks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1-2 October 2022, when Erling Haaland, Phil Foden (both Man City), and Leandro Trossard (Brighton) scored hat-tricks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fascinating that they all occurred in September or October...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that if you go back to the Division One era, when matches tended to be higher-scoring, you'll find game weeks with larger numbers of hat-tricks, but there don't seem to be any convenient resources for finding hat-tricks scored during that era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T08:47:43.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22357" CreationDate="2023-09-03T21:11:47.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When this happens, it's often by accident. The common term is &amp;quot;abandonment of the bases&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's happened twice in my experience as a scorer in the UK, both times it was ball four with the bases loaded that scored (or would have...) an inning-ending run (in one case a walkoff, and in the other case the 5th run of the inning, triggering a lower-league rule where the inning ends after 5 runs are scored, to prevent games between rookie pitchers going on forever).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The batter took ball four and, knowing the inning/game was over, returned to the dugout. Was subsequently called out for abandonment (in one case being the third out and thus preventing the run from scoring!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also gives umpires a written-in-stone reason to call a runner out if, for example, they refuse to accept the walk (let's say they're a triple away from the cycle, or the winning run is on third with 2 outs and there's nobody else on base, etc). Without this rule, all the umpire could really do in that situation is eject the batter (which does not end his turn at bat or remove him from the basepaths, he just gets replaced). This rule ensures that, in addition to probably ejecting the player, he's also out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25671" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T21:11:47.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29085" CreationDate="2023-09-03T21:33:43.787" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is it doesn't matter. I understand what you're trying to ask but if there's two outs and the batter doesn't make it to first base nothing else matters or is recorded statistical other then simply 2 left.  A runner could literally cross the plate before the batter gets thrown put at first the run doesn't count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25672" LastActivityDate="2023-09-03T21:33:43.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29115" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-07T01:08:08.573" Score="0" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to compare betting lines on NFL across different sportsbooks to find the optimal one to bet. Here is an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sportsbook 1 offers: team A spread: -6 odds:-116&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sportsbook 2 offers: team A spread: -6.5 odds:-110&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I compute which one is better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;#My attempt:#&#xA;If team A loses or wins by less than 6 points I lose my bet regardless if I chose sportsbook 1 or 2. Therefore I ask the following question: If we assume team A wins by at least 6 points, what is my expected return?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using Sportsbook 1: $E_1 = p_{&amp;gt;6} \times a \times \frac{216}{116}$&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using Sportsbook 2: $E_2 = p_{&amp;gt;6} \times a \times \frac{210}{110} - p_{=6} \times a$&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here $a$ is the amount bet, $p_{&amp;gt;6}$ is the probability of an NFL game finishing with a point differential greater than 6 and $p_{=6}$ is the probability of an NFL game finishing with a point differential of exactly 6. I can compute $p_{&amp;gt;6}$ and $p_{=6}$ using historical data. I find $p_{&amp;gt;6} \sim 0.61$ and $p_{=6} \sim 0.066$. Using these probabilities I find $E_1 \ sim 1.13 \times a$ and $E_2 \sim 1.09 \times a$ implying that I should bet at sportsbook 1 to maximize returns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this analysis correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25684" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-12T13:32:29.790" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T13:32:29.790" Title="How do you compare NFL betting lines?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|betting|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20715" CreationDate="2023-09-07T06:17:36.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Win&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Ways to achieve this&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Ippon&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;- throw opponent flat on their back with skill, speed, and force &lt;br&gt; - submit opponent with armlock or strangle &lt;br&gt; - pin opponent for 20s&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Waza-ari (half point) + time runs out&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;- throw opponent but they only land on one side of their back &lt;br&gt; - pin opponent for 10s&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Waza-ari-awasete-ippon (two half points)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Score two waza-ari&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can also win (as in other sports) if the opponent is disqualified or must withdraw from the match:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Win&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Ways to achieve this&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hansoku-gachi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;- opponent gets 3 shido (minor penalties) &lt;br&gt; - opponent gets hansoku-make (major penalty)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fusen-gachi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Opponent does not appear to match&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Kiken-gachi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Opponent withdraws&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fuso-gachi&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Opponent withdraws due to injury&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="25682" LastActivityDate="2023-09-07T06:17:36.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29115" CreationDate="2023-09-07T19:15:32.903" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are right that sportsbook 1 has better value. I calculate the profitability of a bet by pretending I am making this bet 100 or a 1000 times on seperate matches and seeing what the hypothetical returns are. The below calculations are based on 1000 bets of $1 and I have converted the odds to european style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am understanding p_{&amp;gt;6} correctly, according to you the probabilities are as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0.610 that it is great than 6 -- ($p_{&amp;gt;6})&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0.390 that it is 6 or less&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0.066 that it is 6 exactly -- ($p_{=6})&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0.324 that it is less than 6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sportsbook 1 offers: team A spread: -6 odds:-116 (1.86)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is less than 6 you lose -- (324 * 0) = $0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is 6 exactly you get your stake returned -- (66 * 1) = $66&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is more than 6 you get your stake returned plus winnings -- (610 * 1) + (610 * (1 * (1.86 - 1))) = $1134.6&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after 1000 bets your account will have &lt;strong&gt;$1200.6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sportsbook 2 offers: team A spread: -6.5 odds:-110 (1.91)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is less than 6.5 you lose -- (390 * 0) = $0&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is more than 6.5 you get your stake returned plus winnings -- (610 * 1) + (610 * (1 * (1.91 - 1))) = $1165.1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after 1000 bets your account will have &lt;strong&gt;$1165.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-09-07T19:15:32.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29119" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-08T09:16:13.370" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;In cricket, how far along the crease is a non-striker allowed to stand to the right or left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could they stand at the boundary and still be in their ground, or is there a limit to the &amp;quot;width&amp;quot; of the crease?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25689" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-09-19T11:16:19.537" LastActivityDate="2023-09-27T09:14:31.540" Title="How far along the crease can a non-striker stand?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29119" CreationDate="2023-09-08T09:26:03.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is impossible to stand outside the crease to the left or right, as the crease is of unlimited length; quoting from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-creases&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7.3 The popping crease&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The popping crease [...] shall be considered to be unlimited in length.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than taking a position which would obstruct the fielding side, there is no restriction in the Laws as to where the non-striker may stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-09-19T13:19:59.377" LastActivityDate="2023-09-19T13:19:59.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29125" CreationDate="2023-09-08T23:51:45.793" Score="-1" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading articles for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Football at the Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cycling at the Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; and the overall medal table caught my eye:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For football there have been ever &lt;strong&gt;34&lt;/strong&gt; golds, &lt;strong&gt;34&lt;/strong&gt; silvers, and &lt;strong&gt;35&lt;/strong&gt; bronzes in the history of Summer Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For cycling there have been ever &lt;strong&gt;264&lt;/strong&gt; golds, &lt;strong&gt;264&lt;/strong&gt; silvers, and &lt;strong&gt;260&lt;/strong&gt; bronzes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the reason for this nearly identical medal distribution? Other sports are also the same. Is it just a coincidence or there's a valid reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in each Olympics at least the number of golds and silvers are so close to each other, and the bronzes greater. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; there were &lt;strong&gt;340&lt;/strong&gt; golds, &lt;strong&gt;338&lt;/strong&gt; silvers, and &lt;strong&gt;402&lt;/strong&gt; bronzes. And in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2016 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; there were &lt;strong&gt;306&lt;/strong&gt; golds, &lt;strong&gt;307&lt;/strong&gt; silvers, and &lt;strong&gt;359&lt;/strong&gt; bronzes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in each Olympics event there is one gold, one silver, and one bronze. So the total number of golds, silvers, and bronzes separatley should be exactly identical. So why are bronzes for example 4 more than golds or silvers in history of cycling? Or why are golds 2 more than silvers and bronzes 62 more than golds in 2020 Summer Olympics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="19758" LastEditDate="2023-09-09T01:06:27.667" LastActivityDate="2023-09-09T01:16:28.873" Title="Why are gold, silver, and bronze medal counts not exactly identical?" Tags="|olympics|awards|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29124" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-09T00:42:45.010" Score="1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the poster of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1950 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;, there's a leg with multiple national flags on it. But the total number of flags is at least 30, while only 13 countries were participating in the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found out that the other flags are for countries that participated in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;qualification&lt;/a&gt; period (Look at the flag of Syria as a proof).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why didn't they change the poster that was created during the qualification period? (in order to include only countries that were participating in the tournament).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only other World Cup that had a poster with flags of countries was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1934 FIFA World Cup&lt;/a&gt;. But in its poster &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; the flags of participating countries were included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-09-12T14:21:20.167" LastActivityDate="2023-09-12T14:22:14.577" Title="Why didn't they change the poster for 1950 FIFA World Cup?" Tags="|history|world-cup|qualifying|participation|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29123" CreationDate="2023-09-09T01:16:28.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When two tie for first, there is two golds, no silver, and one bronze. When two tie for second, one gold, two silvers, no bronze.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/mystery-solved-happens-theres-tie-olympics-140653959.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://sports.yahoo.com/mystery-solved-happens-theres-tie-olympics-140653959.html&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;(The examples in this link are winter games, but same rules.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Two bronzes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In boxing, there is no third place fight, for safety. The losers of the two semifinal matches both get a bronze. So for any year/weight class there is one gold, one silver, and two bronzes. (This was not always so.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://olympics.com/en/news/why-two-bronze-medals-boxing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://olympics.com/en/news/why-two-bronze-medals-boxing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastActivityDate="2023-09-09T01:16:28.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29131" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-11T09:24:40.637" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;When does a turnover occur in rugby league?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know when an offensive team is tackled for the sixth time, the defensive team becomes the offensive team, but can this happen also during an interception or by fumble covered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, when a defensive player intercepts a ball and then he is tackled, the offensive team will be his defensive team, right? The same when an offensive player drops the ball during a backward pass, and the ball is recovered by a defensive player?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25699" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-09-11T13:03:05.330" LastActivityDate="2024-02-15T19:03:10.850" Title="When does a turnover occur in rugby league?" Tags="|rugby-league|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29134" CreationDate="2023-09-11T16:27:38.827" Score="0" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Orange team commits a yellow card slide tackle on blue, but play is allowed on through advantage. The blue team scores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the orange player still receive a yellow card for the challenge?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25702" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-09-11T18:55:33.920" LastActivityDate="2023-09-12T14:32:23.010" Title="Advantage is given after a reckless slide tackle and the affected team scores. Yellow still to be given?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29124" CreationDate="2023-09-12T13:54:32.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIFA World Cup Tournament poster is &lt;em&gt;unique&lt;/em&gt;. There's only one for each edition. Once it's picked, it becomes the official image of the tournament. It can be designed (and picked) before or after the qualifiers. Before the TV/satellites or even internet era, the visuals used were (had to be!) produced long ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the 2022 Qatar (20 November - 18 December) event poster was &lt;a href=&quot;https://worldsoccertalk.com/news/official-world-cup-poster-unveiled-for-qatar-2022-20220615-CMS-389946.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;unveiled June 15th&lt;/a&gt;, 5 months before the tournament. It happened that some countries, like Russia in 2018, had an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official poster&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; some different ones for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russiatrek.org/blog/sports/the-posters-of-host-cities-of-fifa-world-cup-2018/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;host cities&lt;/a&gt;. At the time, back in 1950, in a post-war world, communication was far from being as fast as today, and most of the visual communication was through posters and pictures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://jjheritage.com/part-two-early-world-cup-posters-1934-1950/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Early World Cup Posters 1934-1950&lt;/a&gt; (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The designer for the 1950 poster was chosen by a public competition, &lt;strong&gt;widely mediated in 1948&lt;/strong&gt;, a collaboration between the World Cup organizing committee and the commission for the Brazilian society of arts, led by its President Mario Polo and a judging panel of Professors Castro Filho, Henrique Salvio, and Alberto Sims. One hundred and fourteen entries were reduced to a longlist of fourteen, with four finalists and a winner J. Ney Damasceno, from Rio de Janeiro. Damasceno won a prize of thirty seven thousand cruzeiros, although little is then subsequently known of him, and he does not seem to have been an established designer. So these processes of selection are in themselves interesting for how World Cup posters were chosen to represent the nation, not just by the respective football authorities, but also artistic experts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was definitely no reason to modify the official poster of the tournament.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-09-12T14:22:14.577" LastActivityDate="2023-09-12T14:22:14.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29132" CreationDate="2023-09-12T14:32:23.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't matter what the outcome of the advantage is. If the offence needs caution/warning/card/sent off right away, it still deserves it afterwards and has to be sanctioned at the first stop, before play resumes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/50518593a0941079/original/khhloe2xoigyna8juxw3-pdf.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIFA Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advantage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee plays the advantage for an offence for which a caution / send off would have been issued had play been stopped, this &lt;strong&gt;caution / send off must be issued when the ball is next out of play&lt;/strong&gt;, except for the denial of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity when the player is cautioned for unsporting&#xA;behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play,&#xA;violent conduct or a second cautionable offence unless there is a clear&#xA;opportunity to score a goal. The referee must send off the player when the ball&#xA;105 is next out of play but if the player plays the ball or challenges/interferes with an opponent, the referee will stop play, send off the player and restart with an indirect free kick, unless the player committed a more serious offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-09-12T14:32:23.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29138" CreationDate="2023-09-12T23:00:08.273" Score="12" ViewCount="4219" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an individual competitive sport based on kicking or throwing an object with the feet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many individual sports are based on &lt;strong&gt;throwing&lt;/strong&gt; an object with the hands: shot put, javelin, darts, bowling, disc golf, boomerang, etc. The goal might be distance, precision or even time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Other individual sports are based on &lt;strong&gt;hitting&lt;/strong&gt; an object with an implement: golf, racket sports, billard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many team sports are based on &lt;strong&gt;kicking&lt;/strong&gt; an object with the feet: football, rugby, sepak takraw, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a performance-oriented individual sport where the primary motion is based on &lt;strong&gt;kicking&lt;/strong&gt;. The goal could be distance, precision, time, bounces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these don't exist competitively, I'm also OK with net-based sports like tennis or wall-based sports like basque pelota but one vs one and with the feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am categorizing all sports by the primary human motion involved and I have some holes in my classification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="725" LastActivityDate="2023-09-23T09:17:32.107" Title="Is there an individual competitive sport based on kicking an object with the feet?" Tags="|untagged|" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-13T12:58:19.290" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footgolf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FootGolf&lt;/a&gt; - which combines Football and Golf - where the object of the game is to get the football-sized ball into the cup in the fewest number of shots, just like in Golf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has its own governing body, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footgolf.sport/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Federation for International FootGolf&lt;/a&gt;, which governs the rules of the sport and organises competitions, including the recently-concluded &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.orlando2023.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;FootGolf World Cup&lt;/a&gt; in Orlando, Florida.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2023-09-13T12:58:19.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-13T15:16:44.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=Soccer+Darts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kick Darts (a.k.a Soccer Darts)&lt;/a&gt;. The goal is as simple as the name: kick a football to a (giant) dart board and count the points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I played the game, but can't tell you if there's anything official (like a board/association or a competition) about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJfH6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJfH6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-09-13T18:18:32.367" LastActivityDate="2023-09-13T18:18:32.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-13T15:50:56.790" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Panna&amp;quot; is a football variant played one on one in a very small area with tiny goals; the winner is determined either by the player who has scored the most goals after a certain time, or by completing a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutmeg_(association_football)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;panna (nutmeg)&lt;/a&gt; on the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's mostly used as a skill training drill, but there does seem to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://pannaknockout.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an at least semi-official world championship&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-09-13T15:50:56.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29142" CreationDate="2023-09-13T16:20:14.940" Score="0" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering why there are no players that play forehand and backhand one handed but not both with their main hand. There were players doing both two handed or Nadal plays his forehand on his left side although he is right handed. I always thought it would have been smart to play one handed with his right hand on the right side as well. But he plays a two handed backhand on his right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would one not have the better reach if one would play one handedly on both sides with the outside hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow it is hard to find discussions about this as there are more discussions about two handed vs. classical one handed back hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25714" LastEditorUserId="25714" LastEditDate="2023-09-13T17:59:11.410" LastActivityDate="2023-09-17T14:05:52.993" Title="Why are there no players who one handed on both sides?" Tags="|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29141" CreationDate="2023-09-13T17:27:33.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering why there are no players that play forehand and backhand one handed but not both with their main hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't follow that sentence.   Don't players that use a one-handed backhand in fact use their main hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would one not have the better reach if one would play one handedly on both sides with the outside hand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So make every shot a forehand by using both hands?  Yes you would potentially have better reach, but you'd have to take time to do it.   The game today seems to favor the power and control of the two handed over the extra reach of the one-handed, with some players using a two-handed forehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the grip changes in normal play between forehand and backhand, most of the movement is just a change of the racket rotation in the hand.   The dominant hand never comes off the racket and remains at the bottom of the grip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To hit a one-handed forehand with your non-dominant hand, you'd have to take the dominant hand off and slide the grip down.  You'd have to repeat that when the ball comes back to the other side.  I'm sure you could get better at it, but it seems like a lot of extra motion that has to be done before you can get the racket into a good return position.  So you're playing reach against speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was pointed at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ultimatetennisstatistics.com/playerProfile?playerId=5496&amp;amp;tab=profile&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cheong-Eui Kim&lt;/a&gt;, who was peaked just inside the ATP top 300 in 2015.   There is some &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iosXeyBb9U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; of him playing with forehands on both sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-09-13T17:27:33.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-13T20:15:24.290" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 1-on-1 (or 2-on-2), check out &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teqball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Teqball&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's played on a curved table that looks somewhat like a table tennis table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's fun to watch on youtube.  Not restricted to feet though.  You can hit the ball with any part of your body except hands and arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25715" LastActivityDate="2023-09-13T20:15:24.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-14T08:40:45.843" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several well-established East Asian kicking-based sports that have individual forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipa&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sipa&lt;/a&gt; was the national sport of the Philippines until 2009.&lt;/strong&gt; Very roughly, it’s like the net-based layout of tennis with the soft ball and kicking techniques of hacky-sack; it’s played by individuals or small teams.  It’s an old traditional sport (pre-colonial), mostly an informal street game but with at least some formalised play in recent decades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianzi&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jianzi&lt;/a&gt; is a closely related Chinese game&lt;/strong&gt;, based on keeping a shuttlecock-like item off the ground by kicking; it also has both small-team and individual versions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, &lt;strong&gt;in the US there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacky_sack&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hacky-sack&lt;/a&gt; itself&lt;/strong&gt; (a genericised trademark name, sometimes known as &lt;em&gt;footbag&lt;/em&gt; instead), involving keeping a soft ball off the ground by kicking.  This doesn’t have much formalised play, but is very widespread as an informal game, in solo, one-on-one, and small-group forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Disclaimer: I really don’t know these sports myself, I’ve just read about them a little on the internet, and am adding them since they’re not yet mentioned in other answers.  If someone who knows them properly can add a better answer on them or improve this one, that would be great!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17693" LastActivityDate="2023-09-14T08:40:45.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28516" CreationDate="2023-09-14T12:32:08.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I barely had to move my leg to the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever you move/stretch your leg, it's considered an action. There are differences between shielding, impeding and interference, and it can be the referee's call and interpretation. But, as close as 2 meters as you say you were, it's clearly a way, at full speed, to &lt;em&gt;potentially&lt;/em&gt; injure your opponent. Therefore, you violated Law XII, because you interfered with the player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your move was intentional, interposing (a part of) your body so as to impede an opponent's movement (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;he tripped over it and went flying as if he had kicked a brick at full pace&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;). As you describe it, even if you didn't intend to foul him, your move was clearly falling into one category of &amp;quot;foul and misconduct&amp;quot;. Referee had to blow the whistle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12 states that a slide tackle made from outside the peripheral vision (the rear 180 degrees) of an opponent in control the ball also is a violation, even if first contact is with the ball. From your statement, your were not in that outside area, but you were on the side, and you moved your leg to the side. Referee can interpret that move as a side tackle, out of sight, and a leg trip. He can combine any parts of the law to consider this a foul, and he did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-09-14T12:32:08.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-14T15:04:48.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though technically a team sport, the kicking aspect of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kickball&lt;/a&gt; seems to qualify: you're not really kicking the ball &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; somebody and the more air time and distance you can achieve, the better (usually).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25721" LastActivityDate="2023-09-14T15:04:48.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-14T20:21:24.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This may seem too obvious, but what about sports where the object you kick, is your opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such as MMA etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25724" LastActivityDate="2023-09-14T20:21:24.693" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28833" CreationDate="2023-09-15T18:50:27.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This scenario is the closest I could find and that is directly dealt with in &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/en/home/coach-organize/tennis-tool-center/resource-library/bylaws-regulations-forms.html#/filter=officiating&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Friend at Court&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; by the USTA:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“If the receiver or an official asks the server to stop discarding the ball, then the server shall stop. Any continued discarding of the ball constitutes a deliberate hindrance, and the server loses the point.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the only &amp;quot;rules &amp;amp; regulation&amp;quot; I could think of/find. It's US based but I'm pretty sure that, as a &amp;quot;gentlemen&amp;quot;'s game, rules are directly impacted by politness and etiquette, especially in such an old sport. Therefore, I think that referees around the world have such a book at hand when they're on a tournament and that it should apply, no matter the level you play at. So if your opponent says something or complains, you should stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-09-15T18:59:50.710" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T18:59:50.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-15T19:33:49.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hacky-sack has already been mentioned, but there are a variety of individual forms of &lt;strong&gt;keepie-uppie&lt;/strong&gt; (aka &lt;strong&gt;keep-ups&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;kick-ups&lt;/strong&gt;) generally played with an association football. This can include competitive individual records such as number of kick-ups, running a race, furthest distance travelled without ball hitting the ground, etc. More &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keepie_uppie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;at Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;. Obviously keepie-uppie can be played both competitively and non-competitively, and as a team or individually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The traditional Japanese game of &lt;strong&gt;kemari&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemari&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;) is similar but players are expected to cooperate so this doesn't fit the criteria of an individual competitive sport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;balloon&lt;/strong&gt; might fit the bill. This is a competitive individual sport that in many respects resembles keepie-uppie. However, it is played with a balloon rather than a ball, both hands and feet can be used (rugby was included on the &amp;quot;kicking an object&amp;quot; list despite mostly using the hands, so hopefully this is fine), is one-vs-one with players alternating to strike the balloon, and though the balloon must be struck upwards, the aim is not to keep it in play but rather try to make it hit the floor before your opponent can return it. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/21/how-the-balloon-world-cup-blew-up-to-become-your-new-favourite-sport&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; has an article including videos of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25732" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T19:33:49.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-15T22:57:12.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an Inuit game called high-kick: &lt;a href=&quot;https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/peoples-of-the-arctic/arctic-survival-skills-traditional-inuit-games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/peoples-of-the-arctic/arctic-survival-skills-traditional-inuit-games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25734" LastActivityDate="2023-09-15T22:57:12.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2218" CreationDate="2023-09-16T09:23:43.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before 2013 the sequence was &amp;quot;crouch, touch, pause, engage&amp;quot;. Typically that meant each team's pack would form up about a foot apart and hold back until the the referee said &amp;quot;engage&amp;quot;, at which point the two packs would smash into each other. In the professional game the impact at &amp;quot;engage&amp;quot; kept getting bigger and bigger - the talk was of winning &amp;quot;the hit&amp;quot; - and it resulted in a lot of collapsed scrums and injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 2013 the sequence has been &amp;quot;crouch, bind, set&amp;quot;. The two front rows bind together before the scrum starts and the two packs start pushing against each other. The point is to reduce the impact by eliminating &amp;quot;the hit&amp;quot;, making the scrum safer and more stable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="22012" LastActivityDate="2023-09-16T09:23:43.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-16T22:30:03.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several martial arts are famously centred around kicking to the near-complete exclusion of hand techniques.  These may be relevant for the OP, since kicking is the primary skill concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Taekwondo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like all martial arts, taekwondo includes both hand and foot techniques.  In competition though, a punch can only score one point - and even then it must make &amp;quot;strong contact&amp;quot;.  In contrast, kicks score 2-5 points depending on difficulty.  The result is that competitive taekwondo sparring almost never features punching, and in fact a fighting style has evolved which almost entirely removes the use of hands.  The front leg is raised as a guard instead, jabbing or blocking with roundhouse kicks, and the hands are kept around waist-height and used almost exclusively for balance and nothing else.  Fighters almost never enter punching range - and when they do, they always use kicks instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Savate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern savate is a form of kickboxing.  Historical savate though used only feet with some open-hand slaps added, because French law at the time considered a closed fist to be a lethal weapon.  Since historical practitioners would be wearing heavy wooden clogs too, kicking was greatly more effective than any hand technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Capoeira&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The style of capoeira is centred around a kind of gymnastic flow, but strikes are almost all carried out with feet.  One historical theory is that as a martial art practised by slaves, they could not rely on hands which would often be shackled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25729" LastActivityDate="2023-09-16T22:30:03.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29155" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-17T09:00:44.997" Score="0" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to be playing football (soccer) with my friends, and I'm referee. I need to know what the different whistle blows. Please can anyone help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25741" LastActivityDate="2023-09-17T14:18:38.243" Title="What are the different blows of the whistle of football (soccer) for a foul, start of game, end, ect" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29155" CreationDate="2023-09-17T09:08:50.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-referee/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt; do not specify the means in which the whistle should be blown, so you can do whatever you like (within reason); what is &lt;em&gt;far&lt;/em&gt; more important is that you understand the Laws, and your communication with the players is clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is probably worth reading the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/guidelines/body-language-communication-and-whistle/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;body language, communication and whistle&lt;/a&gt; guideline which is attached to the Laws so that you understand the situations in which you are required to blow the whistle - and the situations you are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-09-17T09:08:50.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29155" CreationDate="2023-09-17T14:18:38.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already stated the LoTG don't mention that, but there are a few guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One long blow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any interruption you have to call (such as fouls, offside, etc)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;kick-off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One short blow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;resume the game after previous interruption&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two blows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Half time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Three blows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;End of the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple short blows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Get attention (substitution, call a player to you to show a card, try to disperse a pack, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2023-09-17T14:18:38.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29131" CreationDate="2023-09-18T16:50:11.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So according to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rugby-league.com/governance/rules-and-regulations/laws-of-the-game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of the Game, Rugby league&lt;/a&gt;, after 5 tackles a turnover will happen if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. The team is tackled a sixth time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ii. The team in possession commits an accidental breach for which a scrum would normally be set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;iii. A player is held up in the opponent’s in-goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;iv. The ball is kicked into touch on the full.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition it goes on to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where an accidental breach occurs (knock-on, forward pass) and possession changes hands, the following tackle will be a zero tackle, notwithstanding that the team gaining possession may have gained a territorial advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2023-09-18T16:50:11.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28934" CreationDate="2023-09-18T18:01:38.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So the laws changed in the 2022 code, as described &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/lords/news-stories/mcc-announces-new-code-of-laws-from-1-october-2022&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 Code Changes&lt;/a&gt;the text of law 41.16 has been moved to law 38 run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/run-out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Laws of Cricket - Run out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3 Non-striker leaving his/her ground early&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3.1 At any time from the moment the ball comes into play until the instant when the bowler would normally have been expected to release the ball, the non-striker is liable to be Run out if he/she is out of his/her ground. In these circumstances the non-striker will be out Run out if he/she is out of his/her ground when his/her wicket is broken by the bowler throwing the ball at the stumps or by the bowler’s hand holding the ball, whether or not the ball is subsequently delivered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3.1.1 The instant when the bowler would normally have been expected to release the ball is defined as the moment the bowler’s arm reaches the highest point of his/her normal bowling action in the delivery swing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3.1.2 Even if the non-striker had left his/her ground before the instant at which the bowler would normally have been expected to release the ball, once the bowler has reached that point it is no longer possible for the bowler to run out the non-striker under this Law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3.2 If the ball is not delivered,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if there is an appeal, the umpire shall make his/her decision on the Run out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if there is no appeal, or if the decision is not out, he/she shall call and signal Dead ball as soon as possible.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball shall not count as one in the over.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;38.3.3 If the ball is delivered and there is an appeal,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the umpire shall make his/her decision on the Run out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the non-striker is not dismissed, the ball remains in play and Law 21.6 (Bowler breaking wicket in delivering ball) shall apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the non-striker is dismissed, the ball shall not count as one in the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as per the laws both scenario A and B above are actually dead ball.  The ball shall not count as one in the over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9129" LastActivityDate="2023-09-18T18:01:38.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-19T09:23:11.473" Score="0" ViewCount="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the ball is pitched by the bowler, could the non striker stand, on his ground, where they like? I mean I know he can not stand in pitching trajectory of bowler but could he stand, ie. his starting point on the crease line, whereever he likes? For example in the crease line in infield or even in outfield?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25750" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-09-19T09:26:27.140" LastActivityDate="2023-09-19T09:26:27.140" Title="Non striker position in cricket" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-09-19T11:14:07.143" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-19T16:12:54.327" Score="1" ViewCount="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some athletics running programs, there are pacemakers who set the pace for the opening stages of the race, and then drop out after having set the pace they were asked for. What are the rules on the use of pacemakers and who chooses them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen anywhere from 1 to 3 pacemakers in middle distance runs. So who chooses how many pacemakers there are? Do all runners submit a time they'd like to be set as the pace and the fastest times are picked? When are multiple pacemakers used, only when the distance is long enough that multiple stages of pacemaking is needed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are pacemakers runners of lower distance in that meet who pacemake for money? Or there's a group of dedicated pacemakers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2023-09-19T20:08:32.780" LastActivityDate="2023-09-19T20:08:32.780" Title="How are pacemakers selected in athletics events?" Tags="|running|athletics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29164" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-19T20:21:48.250" Score="2" ViewCount="379" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens to the team when an NFL draftee doesn't sign with a team?&#xA;Do they get some sort of compensation for the lost pick?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25753" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-09-20T07:16:47.017" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T07:16:47.017" Title="Compensation for an NFL draftee not signing?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|draft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29164" CreationDate="2023-09-19T22:39:22.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Broadly, no: there is no specific compensation for failing to sign a rookie.  It doesn't really happen, due to the rookie contracts being strictly defined; Bo Jackson is the only actual unsigned drafted player of note in recent memory (he refused to sign with Tampa Bay due to them allegedly sabotaging his NCAA eligibility, and played the year in MLB for the Kansas City Royals, before being drafted the following year by the L.A. Raiders).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://nflpaweb.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/NFLPA/CBA2020/NFL-NFLPA_CBA_March_5_2020.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2020 NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement&lt;/a&gt;, the following is from Article 6 (covering the draft):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a Drafted Rookie has not signed a Player Contract during the period from the date of such Draft to the thirtieth day prior to the first game of the regular season: (i) the Club that drafted the player may not thereafter trade to another Club either its exclusive negotiating rights to such player or any Player Contract that it signs with such player for the player’s initial League Year; and (ii) the Club that drafted the player is the only Club with which the player may sign a Player Contract until the day of the Draft in the subsequent League Year, at which time such player is eligible to be drafted in the subsequent League Year’s Draft by any Club except the Club that drafted him in the initial Draft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is additional language in there, but nothing about compensatory picks or similar; Appendix V covers compensatory picks in general, but none are awarded by rookies failing to sign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-09-19T22:39:22.297" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24341" CreationDate="2023-09-20T08:01:58.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 2023 (question is now 4 years old), NFL and NCAA rules have been modified and are closer than ever regarding the clock stop after a play. Why was the NFL rule modified? To speed up the game and minimize the waste of time during loooong games (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportskeeda.com/nfl/news-why-does-the-clock-not-stop-when-player-out-of-bounds-nfl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules, if the player is making forward progress and he goes out of bounds with no member of the defense edging him, then the play is ruled out of bounds. If the defense attacks him and he, on purpose, goes out of bounds, &lt;strong&gt;then his forward progress is marked on the field while the clock keeps running&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every minute in the NFL is crucial, and the rules were made so that no time is wasted, especially during the last minutes of the game. Most of the time, the clock stops once the ball is out of bounds and the game resumes as soon as the referee places the ball on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can watch an &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/play-clock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official video&lt;/a&gt; provided by the NFL about &amp;quot;rule 4 - section 6&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The NCAA article &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2023-08-25/fewer-clock-stoppages-first-downs-and-more-2023-college-football-rule-changes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Fewer clock stoppages on first downs and more 2023 college football rule changes&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; explains this new rule in order to maximize play time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why is this important?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally, the game clock was stopped when a team gained a first down and the clock would resume when a referee placed a marker on the field and the team was awarded the first down. With this new rule change, for coaches, it is important to maximize each play, without the usage of possibly calling a time-out, and think of ways to score on each drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt from &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Why Does The Clock Run After Out Of Bounds In College Football&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; of &lt;a href=&quot;https://gamedayculture.com/why-does-the-clock-run-after-out-of-bounds-in-college-football/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Game Day&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, during both college football games and NFL games, the clock will stop until the next snap in the game whenever there is an incomplete pass, the team is timed out, or the play ends with a score. But, there are instances in which the clock is stopped while or after a player is out of bounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The moments in which the clock will stop while a player is running out of bounds only occur during college games whenever there are under 2 minutes left in the first or second half of the game. The clock will stay stopped for that out-of-bounds runner until the next snap is issued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also explained in other news reports, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportingnews.com/us/ncaa-football/news/college-football-clock-rules-changes-2023/cvbsdtfjdocck46ve01tebfo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sporting News&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Running clock after first downs except for the last two minutes of each half&#xA;This is like the NFL with the exception of the final two minutes. It also is the most drastic change to the game. Previously, officials would stop the clock after each first down. (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;College football's new clock rules for 2023, explained: 3 changes aim to shorten games&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/FR23.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA 2023 Rules Book&lt;/a&gt; -- &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-09-20T08:01:58.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29167" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-21T01:35:11.357" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Haven't watched a lot of soccer, but when a player gets given a card, you always see their team just start to huddle around the ref and it seems like try to plead their case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the amount of matches I've seen, I don't think I've seen it often that a call gets rescinded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it happen every once in a while or does that 'case pleading' has another use (or is something else entirely?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5036" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-09-21T06:33:40.820" LastActivityDate="2023-09-21T06:33:40.820" Title="Has players coming to plead their case ever get a call rescinded?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28834" CreationDate="2023-09-22T17:19:27.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the following NCAA rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;19.9.2.1 A runner is considered forced out if they must advance to the next base or to home plate in order to make room for another runner, but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12.9.2.1.1 They are legally tagged as in Rule 12.9.1 before they reach the forced base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule12.9.2.1.1 references 12.9.1 Tag Play which states “A runner is considered tagged out if the ball is in play and she is not in contact with a base when she is legally touched by the ball securely held in the hand(s) or legal glove/mitt of a fielder.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that a legal tag requires the runner to not be in contact with a base when the runner is legally touched. Based on this rule, I would conclude the runner standing on 2nd base cannot be tagged out and can only be put out by forcing her out by touching 3rd base or by tagging her if and when she moves off 2nd base.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25740" LastActivityDate="2023-09-22T17:19:27.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29170" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-22T18:28:47.260" Score="1" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering how devices, such as speakers used in NFL helmets, as sufficiently attached and setup to withstand their respective sport conditions. In the NFL, they must be able to survive numerous impacts without detaching or getting damaged, as well as environmental conditions that could damage their electronic components.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone speak to how these are mounted, how they are wired, do they use long-range bluetooth or some other type of connection, are they integrated into the helmet or an additive component post-manufacturing, can they be taken in/out for charging or maintenance or are they fixed inside, along with similar relevant information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd appreciate if any materials or sources could be linked as well as I've found almost nothing regarding these devices after scouring the internet. Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; I am designing a device that will ultimately be planted inside the interior of a helmets. I won't go into much detail, but it would ideally be used football helmets, before expanding to protective headgear used in any sport. I have an almost-solidified design, but would like to draw inspiration on how devices, especially those with a similar application, are implanted and wired to function efficiently through impacts and environmental risks (moisture, dust, debris, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25760" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2023-09-22T19:54:20.543" LastActivityDate="2023-09-22T19:54:20.543" Title="How Are Speakers (and any other devices) Integrated Into the Interior of NFL Helmets (or other sports)?" Tags="|american-football|helmet|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29172" CreationDate="2023-09-22T23:52:45.333" Score="2" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/DxNn1k6EZLI?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the video above it looks like Ben Ainslie did something unusual with Robert Scheidt, and I don't understand why or what has really happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did preventing Scheidt from finishing 21th or higher cause Ainslie to win if he couldn't finish in a better position, and why was Scheidt &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Laser&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;disqualified&lt;/a&gt; in the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25761" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-09-24T10:00:33.390" LastActivityDate="2023-09-24T10:00:33.390" Title="What caused the odd strategy n the last race of Sydney 2000 Laser sailing?" Tags="|olympics|sailing|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29171" CreationDate="2023-09-23T01:14:44.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why preventing the other from finishing 21th or higher would cause him to win if he himself couldn't finish in a better position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The competition was over the course of 11 races.  But only the 9 best finishes for a racer are used in the final scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going into the final race, Ainslie's second-worst finish was 11th, but Scheidt's second-worst finish was 20th.   If both finish high, they can drop those scores, but if both finish in the back, those scores will count.  That's a 9 point swing and would be sufficient for Ainslie to win gold by one point.  No other racer could win the gold, even if they won the final race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Ainslie won the race, Scheidt would have to finish further back than 7th to lose the gold.  That was very unlikely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ainslie's tactic was therefore to impede Scheidt as much as possible, letting someone else win, but ensuring Scheidt had to count the 20th place finish.   He did this by getting windward of the other boat and going tack-for-tack exactly with him to keep the wind off Scheidt's sail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why was Scheidt disqualified in the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During one of the turning points, Scheidt made an aggressive move and the two boats made contact.   This was actually the point where Scheidt moved clear and was able to finish without further interference.  Ainslie protested that he had not been given sea room at that point, and the protest was later upheld.  I believe this incident is shown at the turn starting around 5:25 in your linked video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sail-world.com/Australia/LASER-MEDALS-RESOLVED-IN-PROTEST-ROOM/-655&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sail-world.com article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Scheidt] then applied some of his own highly skilled tactics but committed a rare breach at a rounding mark which fired a protest from Ainslie...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This became a no win situation for the defending Gold Medallist and four times World champion Scheidt when the jury dismissed his protest then disqualified him on the evidence presented by Ainslie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scheidt's DSQ had no effect on the final scores (since his 21st place finish on the water would have also been dropped).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-09-23T01:14:44.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29137" CreationDate="2023-09-23T09:17:32.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia mentions &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snookball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;snookball&lt;/a&gt; although the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snookball&amp;amp;oldid=1175085812&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision&lt;/a&gt; of the Wikipedia article is very short. (There is a longer article &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snookball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on the French Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; - for people who speak French.)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/posts/comments/38917&quot;&gt;One of the comments&lt;/a&gt; suggested &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20230915190759/https://glennywood.org.uk/home/activities/snook-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this website&lt;/a&gt; as a source of futher information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The principle of the game is based on pool, but the balls are replaced by footballs and the cue by a pair of feet. The name Snookball comes from a legendary pool move: the snooker, which occurs when a player is obstructed from taking a shot in a straight line by an opponent's ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastActivityDate="2023-09-23T09:17:32.107" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2023-09-23T09:17:32.107" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29174" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-23T10:50:34.943" Score="0" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the UK, the LTA, basically the UK tennis governing body has a rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a player serves out of turn during a standard game, the player who was originally due to serve will serve as soon as the error is discovered. However, if a game is completed before the error is discovered the order of service will remain as altered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand how this would work in the case that the error is discovered after an out of sequence serve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Scenario is we have player A and player B, A wins toss and decides to serve first. What happens if A serves for game 1 and A serves for game 2, then at the end of game 2 they realise that A should not have served game 2.  Does A go onto serve game 3 and they then carry on as normal, or does B serve game 3 and they then carry on alternating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15161" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-09-23T11:59:30.873" LastActivityDate="2023-09-23T11:59:30.873" Title="Tennis rules question regarding serving out of sequence rule" Tags="|rules|tennis|serve|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24067" CreationDate="2023-09-25T01:38:29.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I calculate my own bowling stats as well but I don't see any game as having a possibility of more than 10 &amp;quot;strikes&amp;quot;.  Even the bowling software at my local bowling alley doesn't identify the second and third strikes in the 10 frame as strikes.  The software identifies them as 10s.  So in my opinion a perfect bowling game scoring 300 consists of 10 &amp;quot;strikes&amp;quot; and 2 10-fills.  The question above about do you count a a 10-pin spare as a strike?  Of course not!  It's a spare!  And if you missed completely on the first two balls and threw a third ball knocking down all 10 pins then that is just a 10-frame.  If you have a mark in all 10 frames, even if you don't have a perfect 300 score, you still have a 100% mark percentage.  Can you have a perfect strike % without throwing a 300 game.  You just don't have a perfect fill on that last strike in the 10th frame on either the second or third ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25764" LastEditorUserId="25764" LastEditDate="2023-09-25T01:39:55.283" LastActivityDate="2023-09-25T01:39:55.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27943" CreationDate="2023-09-26T05:59:12.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the forced runner, after touching the next base, retreats &lt;strong&gt;for any reason&lt;/strong&gt; towards the base he had last occupied, the force play is reinstated, and he can again be put out if the defense tags the base to which he is forced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there it is... yes, it is a definitely a force-play. Anytime a player is &lt;em&gt;forced&lt;/em&gt; to go to a bag, the force is on, and therefore, no tag has to be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just saw this happen in a game, and my first thought was that the run should count because it happened first, but when the umpires ruled otherwise because the force was on, I realized that I was wrong. Luckily, we had umpires who knew their stuff!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24424" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-09-26T10:42:04.213" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T10:42:04.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29189" CreationDate="2023-09-26T09:56:24.760" Score="0" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm helping coach a U10 youth soccer team and &lt;em&gt;ONE&lt;/em&gt; of the pain points for me is how frequently kids are subbed in.  While all players play roughly half the game, there are only 2 substitutions made during the whole game such that kids sit on the bench for 10 - 15 minutes straight, then play 25 minutes and sit on the bench again for another 10 - 15 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the group, this results in the unlucky group playing 50% and the other 2 groups playing 75%, a significant disparity.  Additionally, he always starts the same lineup and the same kids sit on the bench.  At least if doing this, he should rotate the starting lineup such that even if the kids get 50% one week, they'll get 75% next week.  In any case, I feel the disparity shouldn't be that significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that trying to manage kids' playing time is a logistical pain point, but I coached 1 game since he was out and it isn't terribly complex.  It does require more work, but I didn't have kids sitting on the bench for more than 8 minutes and we didn't have a disparity that wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coach and I have differing opinions so my influence is rather limited.  He supposedly coached U14 or U16 a while back though some of the stuff he's teaching the team is either incorrect or not age appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One such oddity is to get more power out of your kicks, you need to jump and land on your kicking foot.  As a player, I was never taught anything along those lines, instead, I was always taught to plant your non-kicking foot in the direction you want the ball to go.  At the U10 in-house level, the last thing we need to be thinking about is driving the ball.  I mentioned this because I didn't hide the grimace on my face when I saw him teaching kids at the start of practice so he could easily see that I didn't think that was worthwhile or appropriate for the age.  Body language is a great communication tool, but perhaps I should have masked my expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I know he is unlikely to respond to direct criticism and asking a question would also be futile.  In the grand scheme of things, it doesn't matter, but from a player perspective, the last thing I would want is to sit on the bench for 15 minutes straight, play, and then sit on the bench again for another 15 minutes.  Additionally, as a coach, I feel that is a missed opportunity to coach the players.  When the players are on the bench, you can instruct them right then and there as they're watching play.  I tend to limit the amount of coaching I do from the sideline to the players on the field and instead let them play.  When I do coach the kids that are on the sideline, having them sit there for so long means they're much less likely to recall what I just said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25769" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-01T19:37:35.277" LastActivityDate="2023-10-01T19:37:35.277" Title="As an assistant coach, what is the best way to suggest a change to the coach?" Tags="|football|coaching|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29180" CreationDate="2023-09-26T15:13:38.840" Score="0" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Four Asian Games have been held in Bangkok overall:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1966 Asian Games: December 9 - 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1970 Asian Games: December 9 - 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1978 Asian Games: December 9 - 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1998 Asian Games: December 6 - 20&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other Asian Games have varying dates; but these four have almost exact dates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the mentioned opening and closing dates related to Thailand's history and culture or there is another specific reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="19758" LastEditDate="2023-09-26T15:21:02.977" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T15:55:36.887" Title="Why have all Asian Games that were held in Bangkok been on Decembers?" Tags="|history|asian-games|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29179" CreationDate="2023-09-26T15:55:36.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;King Bhumibol Adulyadej&lt;/a&gt;, the king of Thailand during all four of those Asian Games, celebrated his birthday on December 5. I therefore strongly suspect that those Games were timed to begin shortly after his birthday - while I haven't found any corroborating evidence so far, it seems unlikely to have been a coincidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T15:55:36.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10252" CreationDate="2023-09-26T18:27:30.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be clear, the batter-runner is free to be out of the running lane provided that he does not interfere with the fielder receiving the throw at 1st by being out of the running lane. In fact, it's very common for right-handed batters to not be completely within the confines of the running lane but, most of the time, it isn't a factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We mostly think of the batter-runner being in violation of the running lane rule when he is running to 1st base in fair territory while the ball is being fielded in the area around home plate. But, let's say the batter chases a curve in the dirt for strike three that deflects off to the catcher's ri&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25770" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T18:27:30.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29182" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-26T21:51:37.793" Score="0" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;From 1986 that Summer and Winter Asian Games have been separated from each other the Summer Games were mostly held in autumns. The only Summer Games which was held completely in summer was the 2018 Games in Jakarta. The current Summer Asian Games (2022) is also mostly being held in autumn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason for Summer Asian Games being mostly held in autumns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="19758" LastEditDate="2023-09-26T22:03:10.313" LastActivityDate="2023-09-26T22:03:10.313" Title="Why are Summer Asian Games mostly held in Autumns?" Tags="|asian-games|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29119" CreationDate="2023-09-27T09:14:31.540" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The non striker can stay and can start only in pitch zone, he can not start standing in infield or outfield.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25772" LastActivityDate="2023-09-27T09:14:31.540" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-09-27T09:41:10.787" Score="2" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you steal a ball during a maul? If so what happens after a defensive player steals it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25772" LastActivityDate="2023-09-27T13:43:20.413" Title="Can you steal ball in a maul?" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29185" CreationDate="2023-09-27T13:38:05.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you steal a ball during a maul?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nothing in the rule book&lt;/a&gt; that forbids it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of a maul is to allow players to compete for the ball, which is held off the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You challenge the opponent(s) and compete for the ball. As long as he doesn't break any of the rules, &lt;em&gt;a player ripping the ball from the ball carrier must stay in contact with that player until they have transferred the ball.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so what happens after a defensive player steals it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball switches sides, but the players can still compete for the ball according to the rules. You can still &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rugbycoachweekly.net/rugby-drills-and-skills/rucking-mauling/winning-back-maul-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;win the ball back&lt;/a&gt; with enough training, efforts and strenght.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-09-27T13:43:20.413" LastActivityDate="2023-09-27T13:43:20.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29178" CreationDate="2023-10-01T19:18:17.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will step back from coaching as having 4 coaches with differing opinions is challenging.  While 1 coach is fairly easy going and open to discussion, the other 2 are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this is an opportunity to improve my communication skills by opening both myself and him up to conversation, I feel that chasm is unable to be filled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25769" LastActivityDate="2023-10-01T19:18:17.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-03T08:43:27.300" Score="-2" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;Attacking team kick a grubber in defending team in-goal area. Defending team does not choose to ground it but choose to run it out in deadball line or to kick it out in dead ballline. What sanction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25799" LastActivityDate="2024-04-04T18:45:11.303" Title="Kick make dead in goal line rugby" Tags="|rugby-union|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29192" CreationDate="2023-10-03T21:24:17.480" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no sanction, these are entirely legitimate actions to put the ball out of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play is restarted with a goal line drop-out under Law 12.12.a,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Play is restarted with a goal line drop-out when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. The ball is played or taken into in-goal by an attacking player and is then held up, grounded or otherwise made legally dead by an opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they instead knocked or threw the ball out of play, they would be sanctioned with a penalty under Law 9.7.b,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A player must not:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. Intentionally knock, place, push or throw the ball with arm or hand from the playing area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2023-10-03T21:24:17.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25818" CreationDate="2023-10-03T23:05:07.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;Grand Sumo&amp;quot; tournaments in Japan introduced video replay review in the May 1969 tournament. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2019/03/24/sumo/sumo-101-instant-replay/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2019/03/24/sumo/sumo-101-instant-replay/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25801" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-04T03:01:05.233" LastActivityDate="2023-10-04T03:01:05.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29197" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-05T13:17:59.117" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following scenario is not uncommon in tennis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A hits the ball to Player B&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ball lands right on the service/back/side line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Almost simultaneously,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Player B takes the ball but misses (hits it out, the net, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— a line judge calls the ball out on the line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Player A challenges the call; the challenge is successful&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When this happens, the umpire usually calls a let, because there is a chance that Player B’s return was influenced by the line judge’s call – the line judge effectively interferes with the player’s stroke, and the point might have turned out differently if the line judge hadn’t made the erroneous call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Player A usually complains about this decision (especially if it’s on a serve), arguing that it’s simply not humanly possible to react and adjust their stroke in the milliseconds between the line judge’s all and the racquet hitting the ball, and that the result would have been the same (Player B missing and losing the point) regardless of the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of whether that argument actually holds, it seems to me that the easiest way to avoid the situation altogether would be to instruct line judges &lt;em&gt;not to call balls out until the receiving player has completed any stroke they may be making&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If line judges always wait just half a second before making their call, the stroke will be done, and there is no possibility of interference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is this something line judges are instructed to do? And if not, why?&lt;/strong&gt; Are there any downsides to making the call half a second later?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15379" LastActivityDate="2023-10-05T13:17:59.117" Title="(Why) are line judges not instructed to delay calls to avoid interference?" Tags="|tennis|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-06T04:36:30.257" Score="1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the goalkeeper tries to release the ball using a bad drop-kick, but misses the kick and the ball lands outside the penalty area, can they run up and kick it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25809" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-10-06T10:36:16.557" LastActivityDate="2023-10-07T09:45:38.803" Title="Can the goalkeeper play the ball again after missing a drop-kick release?" Tags="|rules|football|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29198" CreationDate="2023-10-06T06:36:53.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's nothing in the rule book that forbids it: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-12---fouls-and-misconduct&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;law 12 -- fouls and misconduct -- Indirect Free Kick&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fouls commited by the goalkeeper are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the ball has been deliberately kicked back to them by another player on their team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When they receive the ball directly from a throw-in by another player on their team.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When they have held the ball continuously for 6 seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When they have already held the ball for 6 seconds and released it and it has not been touched by another player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These situations are &lt;strong&gt;where he can't use his hands&lt;/strong&gt;. But he can release the ball (him being inside the box, ball thrown outside the box), then control it with his feet, and kick it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you put a ball back into play by dropping or rolling the ball on the ground in front of you, it's considered distributing the ball. Then you can't pick it up again using your hands (even thought you are within your own 18 yard box). What you did was to set the ball in play by putting it on the ground and then you can kick it away from you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't see a situation where a failed attempt at dropping/kicking the ball would be seen as a foul/misconduct, and the referee to blow the whistle. A step-by-step action would be: 1. I handle the ball 2. I release the ball 3. I kick the ball with my foot. At no stage there's handling back the ball (that would be a foul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-10-07T09:45:38.803" LastActivityDate="2023-10-07T09:45:38.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-08T08:48:02.023" Score="0" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have this scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kick off, after 45y, grounds near end zone, the kicking team dives on it and what if the kicking team player has the momentum that carries him into endzone is touchdown or touchback?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed scrimmage kick, field goal attempt or punt, grounds near end zone the kicking team dives on it and what if the kicking team player has the momentum that carries him into endzone, is touchdown or touchback?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25824" LastActivityDate="2023-11-09T10:03:40.537" Title="Gridiron Football Momentum" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29201" CreationDate="2023-10-09T19:27:15.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/tvglh0mx/2023-rulebook_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rules&lt;/a&gt; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For situation 1, see Rule 6 (Free Kicks), Section 1, Article 4 (d) (1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) The ball is dead if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) it is caught or recovered by a player of the kicking team. If the catch or recovery is legal, the ball belongs to the kicking&#xA;team at the dead ball spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming the kicking team actually gains possession in the field of play, the ball is dead.  Kicking team will have the ball at the point of possession.  No touchdown or touchback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the other situation, by mentioning a muffed kick I assume you mean the receiving team has touched the ball.   Then see Rule 9 (Scrimmage Kicks), Section 3, Article 2 and this is basically the same as the previous situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 2. KICKERS CATCH OR RECOVER BEYOND LINE. When the kickers catch or recover a kick beyond the line of&#xA;scrimmage, the ball is dead at the spot of recovery, even if a member of the receiving team has first touched the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming possession is inbounds, then no touchdown or touchback.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-10-09T19:27:15.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29204" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-10T02:53:43.980" Score="2" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a hitter hits the ball out-of-bounds, but the opposing blocker is call for net violation before the ball lands out-of-bounds, does the hitter get both an attempt and a hitting error recorded or does the blocking error wipe out the attempt and hitting error?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25832" LastActivityDate="2023-10-10T02:53:43.980" Title="Volleyball Hitting Stat Clarification" Tags="|statistics|volleyball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29206" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29208" CreationDate="2023-10-11T04:01:08.417" Score="0" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a bowler bowls a no-ball, penalty associated with it are provided to the batting team. In a situation, if the bowler for some reason happens to bowl no-ball again and again, what are the possible scenarios?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the bowling team or the captain change the bowler? Let's say he is genuinely injured and is unable to bowl properly. Or say he is fixing. What are the options for the team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20179" LastActivityDate="2023-10-11T08:18:06.317" Title="How many continuous no-ball deliveries are allowed?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24605" CreationDate="2023-10-11T04:59:25.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A steal by one team is always a turnover for the other team. A turnover by one team is NOT always a steal for the other team.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25837" LastActivityDate="2023-10-11T04:59:25.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29206" CreationDate="2023-10-11T08:18:06.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if the bowler for some reason happens to bowl no-ball again and again, what are the possible scenarios?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the batting team gets lots of free runs. Don't use bowlers who can't bowl a legal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can the bowling team or the captain change the bowler?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, no. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-over&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 17.7.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than at the end of an innings, a bowler shall finish an over in progress unless incapacitated or suspended under any of the Laws.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also answers your next question - if a bowler is genuinely injured, they can be replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or say he is fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If by this you mean the bowler is engaged in match-fixing, the team has far, &lt;em&gt;far&lt;/em&gt; bigger problems. The captain should probably explain the issue to the umpires, who will probably then immediately suspend the match and allow the governing body and/or legal processes to sort it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-10-11T08:18:06.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="385" CreationDate="2023-10-12T11:51:47.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is no. I have scoured the internet for quite some time looking for objective evidence that spikes make a difference in distance running. If any exists, it is hiding itself very well. The weight of the shoe makes a difference. That is known. But modern training shoes are so light that that difference has vanished. In fact, the mechanism to attach the hardware might put spikes at a weight disadvantage at this point. I have run hundreds of distance races with and without spikes. I can't point to a time when I clearly would have run better with spikes or worse without them. I've told my son (a middle school cross country runner) that I'll get him spikes if he wants them, but that I'm not convinced that they make a difference. He opted out and did just fine. As far as I can tell, everybody in high school wears spikes because everybody in high school wears spikes. That &amp;quot;2 seconds per mile&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;2 seconds per pound per mile&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;10 seconds per stride per dollar given to Nike&amp;quot; &amp;quot;rule of thumb&amp;quot; is completely imagined and not based on anything empirical that I can find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25845" LastActivityDate="2023-10-12T11:51:47.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29212" CreationDate="2023-10-13T16:24:16.673" Score="0" ViewCount="1430" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most years, the FIA implements new rules for Formula 1. In 2024, will there be any new rules or regulations (for example regarding driver safety, engines, race formats, etc)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25012" LastActivityDate="2023-10-13T18:09:01.817" Title="What regulation changes will be implemented in Formula 1 for 2024?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29211" CreationDate="2023-10-13T18:09:01.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The FIA have already released &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2024_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_issue_1_-_2023-09-26.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the sporting regulations&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2024_formula_1_technical_regulations_-_issue_2_-_2023-08-31.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;technical regulations&lt;/a&gt; for 2024, with any changes from the 2023 regulations highlighted in red and pink. There are a whole bunch of them, but most of them are either minor re-wordings, or procedural changes with little to no tangible effect (such as how much running teams are permitted to do during filming events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two main changes worth noting. The first is that teams will only be allowed to use three engines, three MGU-H and MGU-K units, and three turbos per car for the entire season (down from four in 2023). The second is that the cars' roll hoops and wheel tethers will be adjusted, in response to (respectively) Zhou Guanyu's crash at the 2022 British Grand Prix, and a number of incidents in 2023 in which cars have had their wheels torn off in spite of the tethers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were initially plans for tyre blankets to be banned in 2024, as a cost-saving measure, but these have been pushed back to 2025 due to concerns about the safety of driving on cold tyres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-10-13T18:09:01.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29215" CreationDate="2023-10-14T18:26:24.140" Score="3" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Wikipedia article on the 1956 Summer Olympics&lt;/a&gt; says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although Melbourne was awarded the 1956 Olympic Games, Australia had a strict six-month pre-shipment quarantine on horses. A meeting in 1953 by Australian federal authorities ruled that they would not change the quarantine laws for the Olympic horses. Therefore, the equestrian competition would not be able to be held in Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1956 equestrian events were held in Stockholm. I have a bunch of encyclopedias, but none of them describes anything similar from Sydney. Logically, 2000 equestrian had to be shifted somewhere as well. Why was a similar problem not identified in that year?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25862" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-14T19:08:57.793" LastActivityDate="2023-10-15T13:33:22.987" Title="Why were there horse problems in Melbourne in 1956 but not in Sydney in 2000?" Tags="|olympics|equestrian|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29216" CreationDate="2023-10-14T19:53:02.153" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that I cant simply throw to myself if I am the thrower. I also know that I can't intentiomally &amp;quot;bounce&amp;quot; the disc of an opponent and catch it. I also know that a team mate may knock it back to me...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the disc hits an opponent is it legal for the thrower to catch the disc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25863" LastActivityDate="2023-10-15T04:20:04.103" Title="In ultimate frisbee under what circumstances can I catch my own throw?" Tags="|ultimate-frisbee|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29213" CreationDate="2023-10-15T03:50:53.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems pretty obvious that they would have changed the law. And they actually did. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/import/goods/live-animals/importing-live-horses#preexport-quarantine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Horses that meet Australia's strict import conditions can be imported into Australia from approved countries. A valid import permit is required, and all import conditions must be met before horses are eligible for import into Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pre-export quarantine takes place immediately prior to export and involves:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;14 days isolation from other horses not of equivalent health status (or 21 days isolation for horses from the United Arab Emirates)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;monitoring for signs of illness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;testing for diseases of biosecurity concern (with acceptable results)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;oversight and certification from an official government veterinarian in the exporting country.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a personal note, in &lt;em&gt;no way&lt;/em&gt; Australia would have been eligible for the Olympics if they still had that old law. And pretty sure the olympic commitee had checked stuff like that even before the country would file their application.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we can read from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/19/news/sydneybound-horses-face-toughest-animal-import-rules-on-planet-hooved.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NY Times article&lt;/a&gt;, logistic has been a nightmare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between Sunday and Thursday, 266 horses from 35 countries are to board planes in Frankfurt, Amsterdam, New York, Los Angeles and London's Stansted Airport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The flights mark the culmination of a logistical nightmare of quarantine and paperwork caused by Australia's animal import rules, the toughest on the planet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every horse going to Sydney has been at a pre-quarantine stable for 14 days and has a lengthy certificate detailing its exact whereabouts for the 46 days before that. Because Australia will only allow horses coming from Europe, North America, Japan and New Zealand to enter the country, horses from other places have to have stayed in one of the approved countries for still another 46 days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last update of this law was 2008/2010 but I can't find the year of this one as quoted here, and still running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-10-15T13:33:22.987" LastActivityDate="2023-10-15T13:33:22.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29214" CreationDate="2023-10-15T04:20:04.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://usaultimate.org/rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ultimate Rules&lt;/a&gt; list causes for a turnover under rule 13, part D.  One of those is relevant here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D.  The following actions result in a turnover and a stoppage of play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The thrower catches a legally thrown disc. However, it is not a turnover if another player touches the disc during its flight unless the thrower intentionally deflected the disc off another player.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the rule appears to limit only the intent and not the result.   My interpretation is that if you didn't see an opponent was in the way, or if you tried to throw around but just missed and you were able to grab the deflection, then neither of those should be a turnover.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am of course assuming that the contact is otherwise normal for a match and not something that could be seen as dangerous play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-10-15T04:20:04.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-17T10:41:05.467" Score="1" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Did oval balls shape the sports of Rugby and Gridiron football or did those sports shape the ball?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find anywhere online a clear explanation of the reason why these balls are oval shaped.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;You can find the explanation of the consequences of the shape, but the reason is nowhere to be found&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's obvious that the shape favors carrying the ball with the hands for two reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It easier to carry with one arm (compared to a round ball), leaving the other arm free to push adversaries away.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's harder to dribble the ball by kicking it on the floor as in association football (soccer).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I couldn't find any explanation about the original reason they had to shape it that way.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;By looking at balls from almost all other sports out there, the spherical ball is by far the most common, so it seems that there should be a clear reason as to why a family of sports chose to use an odd-shaped ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know the answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; It's said that the shape is due to pig bladders being used, but if the sport evolved from using round balls to using oval balls, did the players just accept this fact that would change the sport so much?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;em&gt;William Webb Ellis&lt;/em&gt; story is mostly considered a myth at this point, but it &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be based on the fact that at some point a ball got deformed and players saw it favored a novel style of play that players at the Rugby school liked best, maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21719" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2023-10-23T11:30:00.967" LastActivityDate="2023-10-23T11:30:00.967" Title="What's the reason behind balls being oval shaped in Rugby and Gridiron footbal?" Tags="|american-football|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29217" CreationDate="2023-10-17T16:05:20.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did oval balls shape the sports of Rugby and Gridiron football or did those sports shape the ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About Rugby, I'd say the sport did shape the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the original reason they had to shape it that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think there are several reasons, not a single one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At that time, football association and football Rugby shared many rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert_(rugby)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William Gilbert&lt;/a&gt; who&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;started making balls for the school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pig bladders. These balls were bigger and rounder than today's balls, which made them easier to kick longer distances. It is the shape of the pig's bladder that is reputed to have given the rugby ball its distinctive oval shape although balls of those days were more plum shaped than oval.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the first practical reason would be that a smaller ball would not only be easier to hold while running, but the second one would be enhancing its ovalness to the point that it would also make it easier to toss the ball on your side, on the same line or behind it, with your hands.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One historical reason would be to draw another line (after the rules) to completely split and separate the two sports. The second (and last) one is merely an opinion, but I find it so elegant and &lt;em&gt;so English&lt;/em&gt;. When I look at the way the rugby ball bounces, I always think that the man who invented that did it with the same spirit and humor that the one who, according to the legend, created the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Most Noble Order of the Garter&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. My first Rugby coach, in the first lesson, gave us 2 things to learn: a) properly tackle/be tackled without hurting/being hurt (so that you don't fear it) b) toss the ball. For this, he gave us (round) handball balls (we were kids), and made us toss the ball to the player 2 yards behind and 10 yards right/left. Then, same exercice with an oval ball. Within 30 minutes, because of the twist of the hips/chest, we all had understood why the ball &lt;em&gt;needed&lt;/em&gt; to be an oval :)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-10-18T06:56:48.193" LastActivityDate="2023-10-18T06:56:48.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-19T02:30:51.393" Score="0" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pitcher walks 3 batters to start the inning. Infield in, the next batter hits it to right field and the fielder makes and error and all 3 runners on score. Man on second, no outs the next batter hits a home run. 5-0 now and then the pitcher gets 3 straight outs. How many earned runs for the pitcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25873" LastActivityDate="2023-10-20T05:13:13.620" Title="How many earned runs in this scenario?" Tags="|baseball|postseason|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29220" CreationDate="2023-10-19T03:32:16.673" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One&lt;/strong&gt;, the batter that hit the home run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The three that walked scored on an error, that being the dropped catch by the outfielder.* That batter reached base on an error. So all of those are unearned, as they occurred with the help of an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/earned-run&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/standard-stats/earned-run&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An earned run is any run that scores against a pitcher without the benefit of an error or a passed ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*This answer assumes that was the error. If you mean it was a hit- say a single- that the fielder misplayed, the analysis changes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastActivityDate="2023-10-19T03:32:16.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29220" CreationDate="2023-10-19T04:03:27.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.16 Earned Runs and Runs Allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An earned run is a run for which a pitcher is held accountable. In&#xA;determining earned runs, the Official Scorer shall reconstruct the&#xA;inning without the errors (which exclude catcher’s interference) and&#xA;passed balls, giving the benefit of the doubt always to the pitcher in&#xA;determining which bases would have been reached by runners had&#xA;there been errorless play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you replay the inning as if the error had not occurred and determine which would have scored and which would not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's lots of ways a right fielder might make a play, but in none of them would I assume a second out is possible.   The runner on third will either remain there or will score on the fly ball if the catch is deep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without the error, here's one way the inning could have played out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;B1: BB&#xA;B2: BB&#xA;B3: BB&#xA;B4: F9 (1 out)&#xA;B5: HR (4 runs)&#xA;B6: out (2 out)&#xA;B7: out (3 out)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this scenario, B4's run is unearned, the other 4 are earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A game that played similar to this in MLB is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/gameday/braves-vs-cubs/2023/08/05/717121/final/summary/all&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;August 5, 2023&lt;/a&gt; meeting between the Braves and the Cubs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the bottom of the first, 2 runs score (and B4 reaches) on an error at first base.   But although they came in on the error, these runners &amp;quot;would have&amp;quot; scored due to a home run by B5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 runs in that inning are unearned:&#xA;B4 (who reached on the error), and B7 (who homered after 2 outs).  The other 3 runs were all charged to the pitcher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2023-10-20T05:13:13.620" LastActivityDate="2023-10-20T05:13:13.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29223" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-19T05:46:04.617" Score="1" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a new tennis player and would like to take it further. Currently I am planning on buying a tennis racket but I can only afford 2nd hand racket due to financial status. I saw a post online which is a Babolat Pure Strike 16x19 and was planning on buying it. According to the owner, he bought it but hasn't been used (due to unknown reasons) and decided to sell it. At first everything looks good but as I ask for more pictures, some designs are a bit off like the bumper guard color, string, grip. Can someone enlighten me about this? Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ADDITIONAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have checked and compared more designs via online and found additional off designs from the racket, example is the paint job to the sides. It is not like a semi smooth curve line but rather two separate lines. Middle part above grip, there should be like a slope but no slope in image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k2RqN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k2RqN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Sides&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qACjq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qACjq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Tension&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1vdtG.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1vdtG.png&quot; alt=&quot;Should be curved with slope&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25874" LastEditorUserId="25874" LastEditDate="2023-10-19T07:32:15.553" LastActivityDate="2023-10-19T07:32:15.553" Title="How to identify if legit or fake Babolat Pure Strik 16x19 racket" Tags="|tennis|racket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2023-10-19T10:01:48.553" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29224" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-19T20:54:43.853" Score="0" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A1 is in an offside position&lt;/em&gt; at the moment A2 takes a shot on goal. After that, B3 (not the goalkeeper) deliberately handles the ball on the goalline between the goal posts. The ball goes to A1, who scores a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't the offside overrule anything else that occurs after the shot has been taken?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25877" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-10-19T21:00:01.457" LastActivityDate="2023-10-21T12:16:02.360" Title="Does offsides in NFHS soccer overrule handing in the penalty box?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-20T13:20:51.770" Score="0" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen an article which states different parameters are considered (distance to the goal post, angle, body part which hits the ball, etc.) but not all of them are mentioned and they don't state how much each one weights in the final figure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is the expected goal metric calculated? Is it calculated in the same way in different countries (I've read it's calculated in European countries but later like in 2015 countries like México started to calculate it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2023-11-20T11:03:55.580" Title="How is the expected goal metric calculated?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29225" CreationDate="2023-10-20T18:06:03.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not public information - there are multiple companies who provide expected goals statistics, and they quite reasonably do not make their models public.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-10-20T18:06:03.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29224" CreationDate="2023-10-20T22:57:56.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where is the goalkeeper? Presumably well out of his goal since if A1 is in an offside position, then B3 is the only player between A1 and the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's say it had been the goalkeeper, standing on the goal line, who had saved the shot with his hand and it had fallen to the player in an offside position - then the player A1 would still have been offside. A goalkeeper saving a shot cannot thereby play an attacker onside, who was offside when the shot was taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I don't really see why it should be any different where any other player does the same thing. Therefore I believe the goal should be disallowed as offside. (It would be no different to the position if B3 had saved the shot with any other part of his body.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the referee should award a penalty and take disciplinary action against the player who saved with his hand - in the English leagues almost certainly a red card for stopping an otherwise certain goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11901" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-21T12:16:02.360" LastActivityDate="2023-10-21T12:16:02.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29225" CreationDate="2023-10-21T10:41:14.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;different parameters are considered but not all of them are mentioned and they don't state how much each one weights in the final figure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will not be able to dig deeper into business secrets. Many companies have algorithms that they use everyday on everyone of us, for ads for instance. They analyze &lt;s&gt;big&lt;/s&gt; HUGE data, and their engineers fine tune the analysis and their model. This is pure business gold. Well kept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;xG&lt;/a&gt;, each company defines its own metrics, uses its own data (and/or sometimes public data), and writes its own code/algorithm. It's a secret recipe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://statsbomb.com/soccer-metrics/expected-goals-xg-explained/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;StatsBomb - What Are Expected Goals (xG)?&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How is xG calculated?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each xG model has its own characteristics, but these are the main factors that have traditionally been fed into the large majority of Expected Goals models: distance to goal, angle to goal, body part with which the shot was taken, and type of assist or previous action (throughball, cross, set-piece, dribble, etc…). Based on historical information of shots with similar characteristics, the xG model then attributes a value between 0 and 1 to each shot that expresses the probability of it producing a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can have a look at the way recipes are studied and tested though. Here are some links that explains how it works (better like maths and probability calculus though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://towardsdatascience.com/a-guide-to-expected-goals-63925ee71064&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;An Exploration of Expected Goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/46945853/855660-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eindhoven University of Technology -- Expected goals in soccer using predictive analytics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12829539/expected-goals-expected-assists-pressures-carries-high-turnovers-and-more-advanced-stats-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;SKY sports -- Advanced stats explained&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3010/301052437005.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Universidad de Alicante -- An examination of expected goals and shot efficiency in soccer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-10-21T10:41:14.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-21T20:09:52.200" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;In doubles tennis, is the serving partner allowed to move 3-4 steps in the seconds before and during the serve?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incident is this - the server prepares to serve from the left. His partner stands by the net also on the left. Seconds before the serve, he moves to the right side and at the same moment the server serves. I feel this hinders the receiver's game and results in a loss of point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25883" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-23T11:17:06.920" LastActivityDate="2023-10-23T11:25:29.370" Title="when playing court tennis, is the server's partner allowed to move during the serve" Tags="|rules|tennis|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29229" CreationDate="2023-10-22T03:59:10.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seconds before is normally acceptable, as it's done before server and receiver are ready for the play. Otherwise, it would be called hindrance and  probably be a foul. The referee call will be based upon the intention of the player. You may move &lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt; or adjust your position but many steps that will disturb the players are not acceptable sportsmanship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usta.com/content/dam/usta/pdfs/2015_Code.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;United States Tennis Association&#xA;-- The Players' Guide to Fair Play and the Unwritten Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;35. Body movement. A player may feint with the body while a ball is in play. A player may change position at any time, including while the server is tossing a ball. Any other movement or any sound that is made solely to distract an opponent, including, but not limited to, waving arms or racket or stamping feet, is not allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to what you describe, this is clearly out of bounds. Foul. The move has to be done &lt;strong&gt;before&lt;/strong&gt; the server makes any move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-10-23T11:25:29.370" LastActivityDate="2023-10-23T11:25:29.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29232" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-22T18:42:07.133" Score="-3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of 22nd October 2023, when was the last time a quarterback from the University of Miami (FL) threw a touchdown pass in the NFL?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25886" LastEditorUserId="25891" LastEditDate="2023-10-24T22:02:24.647" LastActivityDate="2023-10-25T17:13:44.507" Title="When was the last time a quaterback from University of Miami (FL) threw a touchdown pass?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29232" CreationDate="2023-10-23T18:42:37.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pro Football Reference is tough to use anymore since it requires a subscription to see all data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Deducting from the following query, &lt;a href=&quot;https://stathead.com/football/player-span-finder.cgi?request=1&amp;amp;order_by=fantasy_points&amp;amp;year_min=2004&amp;amp;year_max=2009&amp;amp;span_length=1&amp;amp;ccomp%5B1%5D=gt&amp;amp;cval%5B1%5D=1&amp;amp;cstat%5B1%5D=pass_td&amp;amp;college_id=miami%28fl%29&amp;amp;season_positions%5B%5D=qb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Miami, FL&lt;/a&gt;, the answer is: Vinny Testaverde (2007)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25891" LastEditorUserId="25891" LastEditDate="2023-10-25T12:51:38.170" LastActivityDate="2023-10-25T12:51:38.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26006" CreationDate="2023-10-27T12:37:37.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a scene from the training session of Rocky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/w5WpDBPlyIY?start=112&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a demonstration by Muhammad Ali showing his foot work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;youtube-embed&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#xD;&#xA;                &lt;iframe width=&quot;640px&quot; height=&quot;395px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/gvFix9gioDU?start=0&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#xD;&#xA;            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are similar moves on both videos, but I'd rather call that a tribute rather than a copy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-10-27T15:20:48.407" LastActivityDate="2023-10-27T15:20:48.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29236" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-27T17:13:40.170" Score="1" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in learning about the symbols and what do they mean in the given below image. I tried searching online but I was not able to find this hit recording methodology of kyūdo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm well aware of the possibility that this could be different for different people based on their preferences as it is a matter of recording your progress. But what I'm looking for is a standard system like in chess for recording your moves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is it called and how does it work? Where can one find more information on using it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ALurf.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ALurf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25906" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-10-27T19:11:07.417" LastActivityDate="2023-10-27T19:11:07.417" Title="What is this method of recording hits in kyūdo called?" Tags="|archery|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29239" CreationDate="2023-10-28T20:26:20.657" Score="1" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the necessary conditions for goal, goal-out or out-of-bounds in football is that ball crosses the pitch boundary line. Since boundary line is 12cm wide, it is my understanding that ball needs to cross &lt;strong&gt;outer&lt;/strong&gt; edge of the line with its whole volume. So, here, only first situation is really an out - other two is still inside the pitch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GYspg.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GYspg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - what is appropriate edge of the penalty area? The obvious answer is also the outer edge, because otherwise it would be illegal for goalie to handle the ball that is partially inside goal which would be stupid and inconsistent. But this also means that ball is to be considered &lt;strong&gt;within&lt;/strong&gt; penalty area as soon as it &amp;quot;touches&amp;quot; outer edge of boundary line. For example, defender handling the ball in following positions are then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bN7bG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bN7bG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my understanding correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20538" LastActivityDate="2023-10-28T21:00:24.907" Title="What is true bound of penalty area in soccer?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29238" CreationDate="2023-10-28T21:00:24.907" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're partly right. The boundary lines belong to the area of which they're boundaries. All of them, not just the touch and goal lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is explained in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-field-of-play/#field-markings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The field of play must be rectangular and marked with continuous lines&#xA;which must not be dangerous; artificial playing surface material may&#xA;be used for the field markings on natural fields if it is not&#xA;dangerous. &lt;strong&gt;These lines belong to the areas of which they are&#xA;boundaries.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why partly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The location of the ball is irrelevant. The position of the foul matters. If the ball is outside right on the edge and the hand on the line this would still be a penalty. The hand (offence) is on the line while the ball is not. Same goes for tackles and other physical fouls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastActivityDate="2023-10-28T21:00:24.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29240" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29245" CreationDate="2023-10-29T10:06:09.027" Score="0" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been reading 'Building a Tennis Champion' and they talk about setting SMART goals.  For the specific part they use an example of measuring first serve percentage.  That is obviously something that is relatively easy to measure and so I can create a SMART goal listed as: &amp;quot;Improve first serve percentage by 10% from 40% to 50% in 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I also want to work on some biomechanical items.  For example, in tennis I overuse my arm and want to  change my technique so that I am using my legs and hips more to hit the ball.  This is not so easy to measure?  How can I make a SMART goal for this goal?  Or do I just have to observe my body and measure how I think I am hitting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15161" LastActivityDate="2023-10-31T05:11:08.287" Title="How to set SMART goals for a sports performance skill that is hard to measure" Tags="|tennis|technique|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29241" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-29T18:36:28.743" Score="1" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;amp;q=%22granny+shot%22+%22wilt+chamberlain%22+%22rick+barry%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;often claimed&lt;/a&gt; that many basketball players would be more successful shooting free-throws underhanded but choose not to do so for fear of being made fun of.  (A famous example of this is &lt;a href=&quot;https://theolympians.co/2016/09/08/walt-chamberlains-100-point-game-part-1-the-secret-to-free-and-easy-points-the-granny-throw/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Wilt Chamberlain’s 100-Point Game Part 1: The Secret to Free and Easy Points – The Granny Throw&quot;&gt;Wilt Chamberlain&lt;/a&gt;, who thought doing &amp;quot;granny&amp;quot; shots &lt;a href=&quot;https://theolympians.co/2016/09/09/walt-chamberlains-100-point-game-and-the-granny-throw-part-2-doing-something-dumb-even-when-you-know-its-dumb/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Wilt Chamberlain’s 100-Point Game Part 2: Doing Something Dumb Even When You Know it’s Dumb&quot;&gt;made him look silly&lt;/a&gt;, even though when he did use them his normally poor free throw percentage shot up.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other examples where athletes in a sport don't use possibly better techniques for fear of looking silly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25916" LastEditorUserId="25916" LastEditDate="2023-10-29T19:08:12.137" LastActivityDate="2023-10-29T19:08:12.137" Title="Examples of athletes not using possibly better but unpopular technique for fear of being ridiculed" Tags="|basketball|sports-psychology|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2395" CreationDate="2023-10-29T19:17:27.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the UK, the Lawn Tennis Association, has various coaching learning sites and one of the concepts they discuss is the difference between outcome and process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outcome is something that you can easily measure, you get a result, such as your first serve percentage or your win/loss ratio, or as simple as did you win or lose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tennis is an outcome based sport of course.  But particularly when players are starting out, they are not going to immediately win all their matches.  And losing can be de-motivating, particularly if parents or coaches keep emphasising results.  If the first question after your match from your parents is &amp;quot;Did you win?&amp;quot; then that can be very demotivating if you didn't.  Why did'nt they ask &amp;quot;How did you get on?&amp;quot; Or &amp;quot;How did you get on using your new killer forehand?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parents and coaches can change the narrative and focus more on the process to build confidence in players.   Process is about how you do something.  Players achieve a feeling of success by engaging in the new techniques they are working on.  For example, did they hit the ground stroke from low to high to give topspin to get the ball over the net.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get to win you need to follow the process of learning to get the great forehand, better anticipation, improved footwork etc.  Winning is more the longer term goal.  To get there, players need to keep learning.  They have to be patient and of course if they are enjoying practice sessions they will stick at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you read the book Mindset by Carol Dweck.  She distinguishes between a growth and a fixed mindset which is related.  Players with a growth mindset are more likely to stick with the learning and improve so they get to the stage where they start winning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are going to have to educate your assistant coaches and parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15161" LastActivityDate="2023-10-29T19:17:27.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29244" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-10-30T19:44:57.177" Score="1" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;On 28th October 2023, an ice hockey player in England died after an incident in a game which resulted in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; his throat being slashed by a skate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A further description (but no images) of the accident are available in &lt;a href=&quot;https://wapo.st/3tRTe7h&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Washington Post article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As several of the people involved described it, this was a &amp;quot;freak accident&amp;quot;, however, apparently such an injury is not nearly as uncommon as you'd hope. As the article cites, Clint Malarchuk in 1989 and Richard Zednik in 2008 both suffered and survived similar injuries. And furthermore, Will Borgen apparently had a near miss at some point during high school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does such an accident like this occur in hockey? The article offered no explanation on this and I'm struggling to imagine a scenario for such an act to occur that doesn't come off as being deliberate. At first I'd thought maybe if someone fell forwards onto another players skate as they were lifting their foot up, but from an image search nothing on the rear of the skate suggested something that would cause this injury, but maybe bludgeon the neck which while bad wouldn't be nearly as bad. Another thought I'd had was that another player gets checked on an angle with such force as to be launched into the air and spinning which might result in their legs/feet spinning at such a height to threaten to cause the injury; could that be what happened here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-10-30T20:01:06.410" LastActivityDate="2023-10-31T21:54:36.040" Title="How does this kind of serious injury occur in ice hockey?" Tags="|ice-hockey|injuries|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29240" CreationDate="2023-10-31T05:11:08.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The goal doesn't have to be &lt;em&gt;in competitive play&lt;/em&gt;, it can also be a goal &lt;em&gt;in practice/training&lt;/em&gt;.  Using the provided example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spend 30 minutes per day for 4 weeks doing simple hits from a ball machine where I focus on leg/hip motion driving the power to the hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specific, Measurable, Time-bound, at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6232" LastActivityDate="2023-10-31T05:11:08.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29244" CreationDate="2023-10-31T13:23:59.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having seen a video of the incident&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; it appears to be the latter of your two examples, where the Sheffield Steelers player is checked, seemingly causing his leg to rise towards Adam Johnson's neck area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, leaning towards your point of that sort of action being deliberate, there are rumblings as to if that sort of body check collision would cause a players leg to go so high, with some even going so far as calling for the Steelers player to be given a manslaughter charge from the police investigation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, there is obviously a lot of emotion around the incident therefore objectivity might be hard to come by in these comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Countering these claims, Johnson's teammate has come out in support of the Steelers player &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/WestinMichaud/status/1719138277482213791&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;posting on Twitter / X&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] I was at ice level on the bench closest to the accident, I saw both players moving fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The unintentional clip of the Panther player's leg by the Sheffield player caused the somersault. It's clear to me his actions were unintentional and anyone suggesting otherwise is mistaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Away from this incident itself, I guess it is possible also for two colliding players who fall in close proximity to each other, that neck and skate come into contact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While ice skates are not razor sharp, when moving at speed, they can cause injury:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hockey skate blades are sharp enough to cut someone when swung at high speeds but also dull enough that you could softly run your fingers across without even breaking the skin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;https://bshockey.com/how-sharp-are-hockey-skate-blades/&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be possible that the dynamics of a fall, say an upturned skate in the path of another falling player and then the sudden stop as they hit the ice, could cause injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I won't post a link here for obvious reasons, but a video is available via a linked tweet on Marca Sports' article of the event on their site - though I'm not sure how long that will be available for.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2023-10-31T21:54:36.040" LastActivityDate="2023-10-31T21:54:36.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-05T22:25:10.020" Score="0" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a modified red zone offense? I know what the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_zone_(gridiron_football)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;red zone&lt;/a&gt; is, but the announcer said &amp;quot;modified red zone&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25943" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-06T10:42:05.300" LastActivityDate="2023-11-06T10:42:05.300" Title="What is a &quot;modified red zone offense&quot;?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29250" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-06T19:41:27.253" Score="0" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;The NBA commenced an in-season tournament in 2023. The winner of this in-season tournament receives the NBA Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen the financial incentive - a prize pool that increases the better a team finishes in the tournament. The games outside the in-season tournament finals will count as regular season games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there incentives beyond the prize pool and bragging rights for the NBA Cup?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user25947" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-21T08:59:53.360" LastActivityDate="2024-01-21T08:59:53.360" Title="What is the incentive for the in-season tournament?" Tags="|basketball|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29251" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-07T11:25:56.670" Score="0" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;If during the build-up to a goal a player of the defending team commits what would be a red card offence, say a dangerous tackle, to which the referee plays advantage (maybe because in real-time they thought it was a yellow card) and the attacking team scores, is there an officiating framework, with VAR, to say that the player should still be sent off - or does the fact that the attacking team scored the goal deemed to be them converting the advantage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A specific case study would be during the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.premierleague.com/match/93430&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tottenham vs Chelsea match in the 23/24 season&lt;/a&gt;, where Moises Caicedo of Chelsea had a goal ruled out for offside via a VAR check. However, during the build up to that &amp;quot;goal&amp;quot;, Christian Romero of Tottenham was deemed to have made a red card offence for a dangerous tackle, leading to a penalty and a red card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Caicedo goal had stood - ie it wasn't given offside - is there still remit for the VAR / referee to still send off Romero for the dangerous tackle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastActivityDate="2024-04-05T23:00:50.110" Title="Red card-able offence in the buildup to a Goal" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29251" CreationDate="2023-11-07T21:50:26.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case you mention, the red card offence would have then been yellow. From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.footballrules.com/game-events/advantage/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB - International Football Association Board&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee can wait a few seconds to allow a possible advantage to develop, and if the non-offending team does not benefit and gains no advantage, the original free kick can be given. However, the non-offending team should not be given two chances, e.g. a player is fouled but recovers and has a shot at goal; if the player does not score, the referee cannot go back and give a free kick for the original offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the referee plays advantage following an offence that would have resulted in a red or yellow card being shown, the card must be shown next time the game stops. However:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if the offence was denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, &lt;strong&gt;a yellow card is shown instead of a red card as playing advantage allowed the attack to continue&lt;/strong&gt; if the offence was stopping a promising attack, no card is shown as playing advantage allowed the attack to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more reading with examples and explanations: &lt;a href=&quot;https://coachingamericansoccer.com/soccer-rules/the-advantage-rule/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the advantage rule&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://soccer-training-info.com/advantage-rule-in-soccer-explained/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;advantage rule explained&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2023-11-07T21:58:27.950" LastActivityDate="2023-11-07T21:58:27.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-08T21:32:53.847" Score="1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;In club or high school sports, it might be easier to see someone in the stands with a camera video taping you.  How did Big 10 teams know Michigan was in their stadiums recording?  Do teams have someone with binoculars searching the crowds for someone with their phone or camcorder pointed at their sidelines?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An additional question is how did they match the seat with the person who bought the seat?  I attended a D1 school and attended 2-3 football games but I don't remember my ticket having a specific seat I had to sit in.  I will say, perhaps it was because I sat in the student section but people move around to &amp;quot;better&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;closer&amp;quot; seats at all sports games before the game starts, in middle of the game, or after halftime to seats that appear to be empty so how did they catch Colin Stallions allegedly stealing signs?  Did he NOT move from his assigned seat and thus got caught?  Was he totally careless and security caught him and took his id and stuff so they knew his name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-11-30T09:31:02.253" LastActivityDate="2023-12-05T15:06:06.847" Title="How did Big 10 teams know Michigan was stealing signs?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29262" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-16T08:37:31.087" Score="0" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I played 2 games with the same ref, and both in multiple times in the game me(goalkeeper) came to claim a ball in a un crowded box with my hands, the forward with a very debatable chance at getting the ball, jumps into me after me catching the ball and holding it up, I fall down and expect a kick for the unnecessary challenge, but the ref believes it was a foul but she says she’s playing advantage, mind you the entire offensive team is already back in their half the only advantage is that I’m holding the ball instead of taking a free kick which pushed the team back&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the section in laws of the game I am basing my complaint off is under the “other advice” page where it goes over various concepts with a little more detail,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The referee may play advantage whenever an offence occurs but should consider the following in deciding whether to apply the advantage or stop play:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-the severity of the offence – if the offence warrants a sending-off, the referee must stop play and send off the player unless there is a clear opportunity&#xA;to score a goal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-the position where the offence was committed – the closer to the opponent’s goal, the more effective the advantage can be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-the chances of an immediate, promising attack&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-the atmosphere of the match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25984" LastEditorUserId="25984" LastEditDate="2023-11-19T22:06:44.653" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T22:06:44.653" Title="Player asking for a free kick when ref calls advantage" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29265" CreationDate="2023-11-17T03:13:05.897" Score="0" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Bengals-Ravens game on 2023-11-16, the Ravens second touchdown was scored when a a receiver ran down field, flipped before the endzone and landed with his left foot out of bounds. Was the ruling of a touchdown correct, and if so why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25987" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-17T22:35:47.467" LastActivityDate="2023-11-17T22:35:47.467" Title="Is it a touchdown if a receiver flips over the end line and lands out of bounds?" Tags="|american-football|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29264" CreationDate="2023-11-17T11:34:11.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://x.com/Ravens/status/1725340444907782170?s=20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://x.com/Ravens/status/1725340444907782170?s=20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule states that the player needs to have possession of the ball and that the ball be inside/over (in the air) the zone. If the player jumps over an opponent, or a line, but puts the ball (think: one handed) over the zone, even when falling or being pushed outside, he had possession of the ball in the zone, so it's a clear TD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/scoring-plays/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL - scoring plays&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SECTION 2 - TOUCHDOWN&#xA;ARTICLE 1. TOUCHDOWN PLAYS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A touchdown is scored when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line (extended) and is in possession of a runner who has advanced from the field of play into the end zone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a ball in possession of an airborne runner is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line, and some part of the ball passed over or inside the pylon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a ball in player possession touches the pylon, provided that, after contact by an opponent, no part of the player’s body, except his hands or feet, struck the ground before the ball touched the pylon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any player who is legally inbounds catches or recovers a loose ball (3-2-4) that is on, above, or behind the opponent’s goal line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the Referee awards a touchdown to a team that has been denied one by a palpably unfair act&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-11-17T11:34:11.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-17T13:12:27.583" Score="0" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first season of Welcome to Wrexham,  Ryan Reynolds comments that they were underdogs. But putting so much money into the team sounds like making them the opposite of that, rather, contenders. So were they underdogs or did they become not so at some point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user25989" LastActivityDate="2023-11-17T16:07:29.573" Title="Were Wrexham underdogs?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29266" CreationDate="2023-11-17T16:07:29.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are so many contexts which underdog can be used in relation to English football that it would be hard to know what Ryan was referring to without the quote and the date of the quote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the context of Welsh teams playing in the English football league Wrexham are perceived as underdogs (along with Newport) compared to the bigger teams of Cardiff and Swansea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the context of Wrexhams place in the football pyramid they had been in the National Conference i.e. non league since 2008. That is four divisions below the Premier League. It is easy to set a narrative of being an underdog when your team is there regardless of your strength compared to teams around you. A large number of people watching may only follow (or have only heard of) the Prem League so its easy to have a graphic going through the 92 teams until you get to the National Conference. ‘Here Be Underdogs’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How Wrexham would have done without Ryan buying the club I don’t know, but they had been in that league for over a decade, except for the Prem League, that is usually not a good sign. You’re good enough to not get relegated, you’re not good enough to get promoted, fans are going to get bored of that pretty quickly. Stick some footage on of a quarter full ground on a wet winters evening and its very easy to say ‘hey we are underdogs’ (even though you might be 4-0 up against Barrow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Netflix will want to sell the documentary as a rags to riches underdog story and while any of the above are still true they will be saying they are underdogs so realistically that could be for the duration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19980" LastActivityDate="2023-11-17T16:07:29.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29271" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29273" CreationDate="2023-11-19T02:12:20.433" Score="1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Michigan - Maryland game on November 18, 2023, Michigan blocked a Maryland punt. The ball bounced into the Maryland endzone before the Maryland punter kicked it out of play. The result was two points for Michigan. Does this mean it was counted as a safety? Why did the Maryland punter kick it out of the endzone, and what would've been the scoring outcome if he hadn't? More generally, what are the scoring possibilities when a punt is blocked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25998" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T08:17:50.593" Title="What are the scoring outcomes for a blocked punt in football?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29271" CreationDate="2023-11-19T08:17:50.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this mean it was counted as a safety?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes - or more accurately, it's not that it &amp;quot;was counted as a safety&amp;quot;, it &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; a safety. You can see this in (e.g.) the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/boxscore/NCAAF_20231118_MICH@MD/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;CBS box score&lt;/a&gt; for the game:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st Quarter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Michigan] Safety 0:32&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MAR punts 0 yards to MAR 18 Center-E.Gough. C.Boivin blocked the kick. Out of bounds. SAFETY.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coming back to your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why did the Maryland punter kick it out of the endzone, and what would've been the scoring outcome if he hadn't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Michigan had recovered the ball in the endzone, it would have been a touchdown. If the ball had passed out bounds through the endzone without being recovered, it would still have been a safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, what are the scoring possibilities when a punt is blocked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two most common possibilities by far are the receiving team scoring either a touchdown or a safety. A touchdown for the punting team is possible, but requires the receiving team to first recover the ball then fumble it; in some incredibly unlikely scenarios involving fumbles by both sides, the punting team could I think in theory score a safety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-11-19T08:17:50.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29274" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-19T21:37:27.730" Score="1" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any data on soccer player running speed distribution for any of the top leagues? It's relatively easy to find that the fastest players can reach top speeds around 37km/h, but what about average players, or by position?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there some standardised tests that players do, for example speed at 100m dash or any similar test?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26005" LastActivityDate="2023-11-24T23:39:26.303" Title="Distribution of Top Speeds of Football (Soccer) Players" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13231" CreationDate="2023-11-21T20:28:10.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While various factors have led me to stop following tennis closely, in younger years I followed it quite closely. I remember &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Collins&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bud Collins&lt;/a&gt; mentioning the importance of a set's seventh game several times while commentating for NBC during tennis matches, especially Wimbledon. However, I don't remember any explanation of where the idea came from. While researching this answer, I found that BBC commentator &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Maskell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dan Maskell&lt;/a&gt; also frequently promoted the idea that the seventh game of a set is of crucial importance, but since I was watching &amp;amp; listening from the U.S., I was unfamiliar with Maskell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As best as I can find Martin's comment seems to have this correct. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/2022/12/07/the-tennis-128-no-7-bill-tilden/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tennis Abstract blog article&lt;/a&gt; about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Tilden&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bill Tilden&lt;/a&gt;, states that the seventh game is sometimes called the &amp;quot;Tilden game&amp;quot; because he stated that the game was so important. That article caused me to find a free version of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1451/pg1451-images.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Art of Lawn Tennis&lt;/a&gt;, in which Tilden stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the game score the sixth, seventh, and eighth games are the crux of&#xA;every close set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He then provides an example of a best of three doubles match that turned around when one side had a 1-0 set advantage and was serving at 5-1 but was broken and then fell apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13730" LastActivityDate="2023-11-21T20:28:10.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29280" CreationDate="2023-11-22T00:26:35.537" Score="0" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do modern F1 cars sound like a strained 1.6 liter Honda from a low-end family sedan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15908" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-11-22T04:44:26.977" LastActivityDate="2023-11-22T09:30:44.140" Title="Why does modern F1 sound like a lawn mower?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2023-12-30T10:31:43.967" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29278" CreationDate="2023-11-22T09:30:44.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2014, Formula One switched from 2.4L V8 engines to 1.6L V6 &amp;quot;turbo-hybrid&amp;quot; engines. This change was made primarily to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and make the sport's technology more relevant to road cars (there are now very few car companies, if any, that don't produce hybrids).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sound of the turbo-hybrid V6s, compared to the V8s and V10s of yesteryear, has been criticised ever since they were introduced. As you alluded to in your question, many believe they're not loud enough, and prefer the distinctive high-pitched scream that the V10s had. The FIA &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thedrive.com/news/actually-f1-engines-will-get-louder-in-2021-domenicali-says&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;plan to address this criticism&lt;/a&gt; when the engine formula changes in 2026 - while the engines will remain 1.6L V6 turbo-hybrids, they will be made louder than they are now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-11-22T09:30:44.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2023-11-22T17:29:19.413" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add one more data point, in Australian Rules, the women's game is far far lower-scoring than men's. The difference is not subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25869" LastActivityDate="2023-11-22T17:29:19.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29283" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-23T12:59:52.967" Score="1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will it be comfortable for someone with a height of 188 to play in goalie pads of size 36+1? What size pads are best for my height?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26023" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-11-23T13:50:45.783" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T13:50:45.783" Title="Goalie pads size" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29284" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-23T15:47:02.820" Score="-1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a goalkick, are you allowed to have the ball start in the goalbox, but then you juggle the ball up into the air and punt it like that? Is that legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26024" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T17:26:08.297" Title="Can you juggle the ball then punt it at a goalkick" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29284" CreationDate="2023-11-23T17:26:08.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-goal-kick/#procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 16.2&lt;/a&gt; is as clear as it can be on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again before it has touched another player, an indirect free kick is awarded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-11-23T17:26:08.297" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29287" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-24T20:02:41.940" Score="2" ViewCount="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a team enters the red zone and then gets sacked out of the red zone. On the next play they get into the redzone again. Then they score on the next play.  Does this mean the team is 1-2 in the red zone or 1-1 in the redzone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26029" LastActivityDate="2023-11-24T20:02:41.940" Title="Keeping Red Zone Stats" Tags="|american-football|statistics|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-25T09:43:57.950" Score="3" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the European football leagues are played from autumn to spring, but there are a few exceptions, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Belarusian Premier League&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroe_Islands_Premier_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Faroe Islands Premier League&lt;/a&gt;, Finnish &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veikkausliiga&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Veikkausliiga&lt;/a&gt;, Norwegian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliteserien&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eliteserien&lt;/a&gt;, Swedish &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allsvenskan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Allsvenskan&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_association_football_season#League_seasons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Domestic association football season § League season&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Golden_Shoe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;European Golden Shoe&lt;/a&gt; is an award for the top goalscorer among the players from European leagues. Naturally, it is necessary to deal somehow with the fact that players in nordic leagues have a different season.&#xA;For example, European Golden Shoe rankings &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Golden_Shoe&amp;amp;oldid=1130762869#2022%E2%80%9323_season_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from December 2022&lt;/a&gt; show 25 goals from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Eliteserien&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2022 Eliteserien&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amahl_Pellegrino&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Amahl Pellegrino&lt;/a&gt;; for players from competitions such as Bundesliga, Ligue 1, Premier League, etc., the goals from 2022-23 seasons are counted.&#xA;Similarly, in the current (2023-24) season, the goals scored in the 2023 season will be counted for players from Nordic leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, an interesting situation happened recently with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akor_Adams&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Akor Adams&lt;/a&gt; who scored 15 goals in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Eliteserien#Season_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023 Eliteserien&lt;/a&gt; for Lillestrøm. He now plays for Montpellier in Ligue 1 and he scored 7 goals in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Ligue_1#Season_statistics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023–24 season&lt;/a&gt; so far.&#xA;Actually, you can see those goals added in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Golden_Shoe&amp;amp;oldid=1185263252#2023%E2%80%9324_season_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current revision of the Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; - naturally, Wikipedia is definitely not an official source.&#xA;Back in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Golden_Shoe&amp;amp;oldid=1085446637#2021%E2%80%9322_season_standings&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2021–22 season&lt;/a&gt; there was a footnote (about the goals scored by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohi_Omoijuanfo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ohi Omoijuanfo&lt;/a&gt;) saying that: &amp;quot;In the case that a player scores in both summer and winter leagues, those points totals are not combined.&amp;quot; But no reference was included there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do rules of the European Golden Shoe say about cases like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1237" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-11-25T10:52:20.163" LastActivityDate="2024-01-05T10:52:06.443" Title="What are the rules in the Golden Shoe award in cases when the player transfers to a league with a different cycle?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29289" CreationDate="2023-11-25T17:05:02.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to different websites/organisations/media, only the points from the first club are counted (I've selected French sources because the original award was created by the French and many sources in that language are available):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;translated&lt;/strong&gt;: Players transferred during the year to a different type of championship only retain the points acquired with the first club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;original&lt;/strong&gt;: Les joueurs transférés en cours d'année dans un championnat de type différent ne conservent que les points acquis avec le premier club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the Wikipedia article in English doesn't mention the evolution of the rules like the French one does:  &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soulier_d%27or_europ%C3%A9en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Règlement à partir de 1997 -- rules and regulation since 1997&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eurotopteam.com/football/soulierdor.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another source here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;The ESM Golden Shoe will be shared for only the second time&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uefa.com/news/0215-0e8adf330815-9bf564f4e571-1000--ronaldo-and-suarez-share-golden-shoe-accolade/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UEFA.com&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player cannot play first in a summer league (e.g. Norway) and then in a winter league (e.g. Spain) and combine the points totals for each season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2024-01-05T10:52:06.443" LastActivityDate="2024-01-05T10:52:06.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-27T14:54:01.720" Score="0" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;The game between the Eagles and the Bills on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202311260phi.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;November 26, 2023&lt;/a&gt; had some very physical moments. One of which involved Hasson Reddick breaking free and delivering a massive tackle on Josh Allen whereby he grabbed both the front and back of Allen and pulled him to the ground with enough force to tear the front of Allen's jersey. In an effort to avoid a sack, Allen threw the ball forwards and ended up being flagged for intentional grounding. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xMZZjfb-0k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video of the play for however long it lasts&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.yahoo.com/did-officials-miss-a-horse-collar-tackle-of-bills-qb-josh-allen-by-haason-reddick-233735494.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Several&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/bills/2023/11/26/josh-allen-horse-collar-tackle-no-call-bills-eagles/71714379007/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;news&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://buffalonews.com/sports/bills/buffalo-bills-horse-collar-no-call-josh-allen-philadelphia-eagles-nfl/article_698cc630-8cb4-11ee-a068-77273af668ba.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;organizations&lt;/a&gt; have described this as a blatant missed call for a horse collar tackle and that included the announcers during the live broadcast as well as the rules analyst (I think it was Gene Steratore).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had always understood a horse collar tackle to be grabbing the pads of someone by the rear and pulling them down. From my understanding of various takedowns, this can be a very dangerous way for someone to fall as it causes your knees to buckle and can cause you land on your coccyx with a lot of force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/horse-collar/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL rule book&lt;/a&gt; says (emphasis mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No player shall &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;grab the inside collar of the back&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; or the side of the&#xA;shoulder pads or jersey, or grab the jersey at the name plate or&#xA;above, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and pull the runner toward the ground&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. This does not apply to a&#xA;runner who is in the tackle box or to a &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;quarterback who is in the&#xA;pocket.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: It is not necessary for a player to pull the runner completely&#xA;to the ground in order for the act to be illegal. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If his knees are&#xA;buckled by the action,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; it is a foul, even if the runner is not pulled&#xA;completely to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is that this was &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a horse collar because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allen was still in the pocket (he's not when it's in slow-mo, but initial contact has him in the pocket);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While a grab did occur on the back of the collar, there was also a grab on the front of the collar, and it was the one in the front that caused the force to pull Allen down (as evidenced by the ripped jersey);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Allen's knees did not really buckle at all by this motion by virtue of the fact that the manner he was brought down involved Reddick flinging him in a cartwheel motion to the ground.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this a correct no call by the officials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21125" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-12-16T01:28:03.607" LastActivityDate="2023-12-16T01:28:03.607" Title="Was this actually a missed horse collar tackle?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29293" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-29T13:26:44.817" Score="1" ViewCount="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;How long should a paddle be if a goalie is 188 cm tall? Will 26 inches fit? Are there any charts? Interested in the Fisher stick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26023" LastActivityDate="2023-11-29T13:26:44.817" Title="Goalie stick sizing. Determining goaltender stick size" Tags="|equipment|ice-hockey|goalkeeper|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29295" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-30T09:43:55.143" Score="1" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you be stumped if the ball hit accidentally the bat or the batter before being caught by the wicket keeper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26042" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-11-30T11:09:13.373" LastActivityDate="2023-12-30T13:03:40.423" Title="Can you be stumped if the ball hit the bat or the batter?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29295" CreationDate="2023-11-30T11:08:28.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/stumped&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 39 &amp;quot;Stumped&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;39.1.1 The striker is out Stumped [...] if a ball which is delivered is not called No ball and he/she is out of his/her ground [...] and he/she has not attempted a run when his/her wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note nothing which stops the batter being out if the ball hit them or their body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-11-30T11:08:28.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29297" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-11-30T23:24:14.017" Score="0" ViewCount="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if I shoot the 8 ball in the correct called pocket and it goes in along with the cue ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the answer change if the cue ball enters the pocket first, on an otherwise legal shot?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26045" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-11-30T23:55:20.673" LastActivityDate="2023-11-30T23:55:20.673" Title="Eight-ball is sunk with the cue ball in the correct pocket" Tags="|rules|pool|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2023-12-01T05:39:50.890" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17025" CreationDate="2023-12-01T00:34:05.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ibapool.com/Membership/EightBall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IBA rules&lt;/a&gt; : loss of game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shooter loses the game if he commits any of the following infractions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cue ball scratches or is a “jumped ball” while shooting the 8-ball.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://upatour.com/8-ball-rules/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;UPA Tour rules&lt;/a&gt; : loss of game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7.2 Scratch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pocketing the cue ball or driving it off the table is a ball in hand foul. Scratching on the 8-ball is not a loss of game as long as the 8-ball was not pocketed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://media.poolplayers.com/TMRB/Rules-Booklet-English.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;APA rules&lt;/a&gt; : loss of game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HOW TO WIN A GAME&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8-Ball&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e. Your opponent fouls the cue ball and pockets&#xA;the 8-ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-12-01T00:34:05.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-01T18:24:54.687" Score="0" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a well known list of top 10 players with most successful dribbles in all world cups since 1966. To build this list, you need to know how many successful dribbles each player did in each single world cup. There is some articles around claiming Garrincha is #1 (ironically because he played in 1958 and 1962), but no other players are mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who are the top 10 players with most successful dribbles in a single World Cup (at least since 1966)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11602" LastActivityDate="2023-12-01T18:24:54.687" Title="Who are the top 10 players with most successful dribbles in a single World Cup?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29300" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-02T16:56:32.093" Score="1" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you allowed to lift the football onto your neck using your foot or any part other than your hand, and hold it with your neck, and then walk all the way to the goal and score?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26051" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-12-03T07:19:13.660" LastActivityDate="2023-12-03T07:19:13.660" Title="Are you allowed to neck stall all the way to the goal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2023-12-03T07:19:23.740" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29300" CreationDate="2023-12-02T18:22:42.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; rule against it, but I suspect it would be covered by Laws 12.2 and/or 12.3 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifplay.com/downloads/documents/laws-of-the-game-2020-2021.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Laws of the Game&lt;/a&gt;. These can be found on pages 54-56 of the linked PDF.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12.2 states that players can be penalized with an indirect free kick for &amp;quot;playing in a dangerous manner&amp;quot;, which is defined as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any action that, while trying to play the ball, threatens injury to someone (including the player themself) and includes preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A neck stall could be considered &amp;quot;preventing a nearby opponent from playing the ball for fear of injury&amp;quot;, as anyone trying to get the ball off you would risk injuring you in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Law 12.3, meanwhile, states that &amp;quot;unsporting behaviour&amp;quot; is a cautionable offence. As you stated, neck stalling is not very sporting, so I suspect that any player trying it would end up getting cautioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-12-02T18:22:42.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29305" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-03T23:06:08.190" Score="6" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;In December 2023, Ronnie O'Sullivan won the 2023 UK Championship in snooker, and in doing so he became both the youngest winner of the championship - in 1993 at 17y 358d - and the oldest winner at 47y 363d.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other instances of this across the wide world of sport, where a competitor is both the youngest and oldest winner of a competition at the same time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To keep this from being too broad, I'll keep this to &amp;quot;major competitions&amp;quot; in their respective sports eg Champions League / World Cup in football, a Grand Slam event in Tennis, a Major event in Golf, Olympic events etc etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2023-12-13T15:20:13.470" LastActivityDate="2023-12-15T13:54:38.233" Title="Which competitions have had the same person as the youngest and oldest winner?" Tags="|trivia|history|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29306" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-05T22:29:59.390" Score="0" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the total number of teams is 2^n (e.g. 32), there is no problem. Because when two top teams in each group promote to the next round we will have two teams for the final match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when the total number of teams isn't 2^n (e.g. 24) we can't reach two teams in the final match by only promoting two top teams in each group. In the 24 case we have to promote 4 of the best third teams in addition to the two top teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_AFC_Champions_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023-24 AFC Champions League&lt;/a&gt; has 40 teams in total. So they need to promote 10 first teams in each group in addition to 6 of the best second teams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My Question&lt;/strong&gt;: Are there other tournaments with groups of 4 teams each (a total of 40 or other numbers) with some of the second teams eliminated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19758" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2023-12-06T11:26:57.717" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T11:26:57.717" Title="Besides 2023-24 AFC Champions League are there any tournaments with this kind of group stage?" Tags="|football|tournaments|promotions|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29306" CreationDate="2023-12-06T10:04:58.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One obvious answer here is the NFL - each conference has 4 divisions of 4 teams, with the 7 playoff teams from each conference being made up of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The winner of each division&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The three &amp;quot;best of the rest&amp;quot; (wild cards) - which could even be from the same division, meaning three second place teams can in theory miss out on the playoffs.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This was more likely before the 2020-21 season when there were only two wild cards rather than three.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-06T11:11:26.687" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T11:11:26.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-06T10:29:29.210" Score="1" ViewCount="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sitch:&#xA;We have a R3 who missed home plate, what's the ruling?&#xA;If the runner is scrambling back to the plate, is a tag appeal of the runner the only option offered to defense? Can they not tag the plate if the runner is scrambling back, regardless of how low it took said runner to start scrambling? Or can any fielder tag the plate immediately?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I read on Umpire Manual that &lt;em&gt;in that case, the runner must be tagged. In such cases, base path rules still apply to the runner&lt;/em&gt;. But how would it be applied? Can runner avoid to be tagged going back more than 3 feet backwards? I mean he can not go 3 feet to the left or to the right but, once he missed homeplate, could you go backwards, to avoid the tag, more than 3 feet or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26064" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T10:29:29.210" Title="Appeal Play Home" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29311" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-06T18:15:03.327" Score="1" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;The USGA and R&amp;amp;A has mandated by 2028 (for professionals; 2030 for everybody) that golf balls travel no more than 317 yards when hit with a clubhead speed of 125 mph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is after bifurcation (providing two different sets of equipment for professional and recreational players) was rejected by golf manufacturers since their marketing campaigns focus on recreational golfers playing the same equipment professionals do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ergo, why is this a big deal? This limits excessive distance (which has caused real estate problems in that golf courses no longer had the room to expand to support gains in distance without purchasing surrounding property) while solving the problem that was brought up during discussion of bifurcation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26066" LastEditorUserId="26066" LastEditDate="2023-12-06T18:21:35.970" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T18:21:35.970" Title="What does the golf ball rollback mean for professional and recreational golfers?" Tags="|equipment|golf|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28011" CreationDate="2023-12-06T18:39:09.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The etiquette for this particular course states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player further from the basket should throw first. Do not distract&#xA;other players when they are throwing. Do not throw the disc when&#xA;others are in the way of your shot. Do not be overly loud or use&#xA;profanity while on the course. Respect the pedestrians, bikers and all&#xA;other park users at Centre Hills Park.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While your group may not have been a distraction or in the way of the shots for this group playing through, I can see the case for it. The respect part is self-explanatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, it sounds like this person was being difficult, but it wasn't entirely unreasonable though it could've been handled differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would've erred on the side of caution and put the search on hold until they played through. As for where to retreat to, it's hard to tell by the overview shot but after waving them through, I would've found a spot that was reasonably out of the way not hugging the pond.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from the view from the tee, I would've gotten by the barrier (the top of the pic of the overhead view). Perhaps excessive but less deniably out of the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Auiw6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Auiw6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;tee - hole 10 at Centre Hills Disk Course&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26066" LastEditorUserId="26066" LastEditDate="2023-12-06T18:44:29.853" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T18:44:29.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3578" CreationDate="2023-12-06T22:16:40.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We always wear 2 pair of socks when skating outside in cold minus winter weather and it doesn't affect the fit of our skates but our feet do stay much warmer. Maybe it’s what your used too. You can’t skate much outside if your feet are frozen and skates have to fit pretty tight which doesn’t help keep your feet any warmer. I would think it’s personal preference and the environment you skate in. Do what ever works best for you and your situation I think. Skating for fun doesn’t create as much body heat as hockey does so that is also a factor maybe. Just my thoughts and experience of many different skating experiences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26067" LastActivityDate="2023-12-06T22:16:40.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28337" CreationDate="2023-12-07T10:08:58.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A team has won every grand prix in a season, 1952 Ferrari. They didn't win every race of the season as the Indy 500 have World championship points even though it was not a grand prix. It is the closest argument for a team winning every, official, race of a season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26069" LastActivityDate="2023-12-07T10:08:58.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26089" CreationDate="2023-12-08T13:44:12.933" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While they did play over the cap in the playoffs, it actually isn’t true that they were playing 18 million dollars over the cap. The reason people say 18 million is because that is adding up all the contracts they had on the LTIR throughout the regular season (kucherov, gaborik, and lindback). However, only one of these players actually returned for the playoffs (you wouldn’t want gaborik and lindback to return anyways since their careers were long over). This is actually a fundamental misunderstanding about the cap manipulation strategies. Sometimes teams will put players on LTIR who will most likely never play again and fans will say “oh look they’re doing what Tampa did”. But there’s a massive difference between putting Nikita kucherov on LTIR and putting Marian gaborik on LTIR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short answer, they didn’t play 18 million dollars over the cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26071" LastActivityDate="2023-12-08T13:44:12.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29317" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-10T02:42:49.363" Score="-1" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my basketball game today, I had a very light foul called against me and out of disappointment with myself I underhand threw the ball and it hit the wall. The throw was kind of more of a toss, or medium speed underhand throw.  Imagine throwing a garbage bag into the back of a garbage truck. I didn't say anything to the refs. But I got teed up. my teammate when I got to the bench told me it's an automatic technical anytime you throw the ball against the wall. Is that true? I can't find anything like that in the rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25821" LastActivityDate="2023-12-10T06:47:49.730" Title="Is it a technical foul to throw the basketball underhand against the wall in disgust with yourself" Tags="|rules|basketball|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29317" CreationDate="2023-12-10T06:47:49.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is covered by &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-12-fouls-and-penalties/#conduct&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;section A5-d3&lt;/a&gt; of the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Overt actions indicating resentment to a call or no-call.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, the referee sees this attitude as an (anger/frustration?) unsportsmanlike act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-12-10T06:47:49.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-10T23:36:57.637" Score="3" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if a team take elect to take a kick at goal and the ball accidentally or intentionally goes into touch?&#xA;E.g. what if they elect to kick at goal from their own 5m to run down the clock in the last minute of a game and then kick it into touch?&#xA;Would they still get a throw in to a lineout as if they had kicked the penalty from hand into touch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26076" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2023-12-16T01:27:44.493" LastActivityDate="2023-12-16T01:27:44.493" Title="What happens in rugby if a penalty kick at goal goes into touch" Tags="|rules|rugby|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29319" CreationDate="2023-12-12T07:41:08.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In rugby union, if - in the very unlikely event - a shot at goal goes into touch, there are two possible scenarios:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is still time on the clock, the game would restart with a lineout and the team kicking would throw it in.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there was no time left on the clock, the game would not restart with a lineout and the game would end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a similar situation to if the shot at goal misses the posts and goes over the dead ball line. In scenario [1] if there is still game time, the game starts with a 22 metre drop out. In scenario [2], as there is no more game time, so game over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In scenario [2] the kicking team has taken the 'advantage' to shoot for goal on the final play. They don't get a second chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastActivityDate="2023-12-12T07:41:08.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28976" CreationDate="2023-12-12T07:56:04.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, an offside player who &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;intentionally&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; catches knock forward ball by his team mate should be penalised.  The key would here is 'intentionally' - that is, they had an option to play the ball or not and they chose to play the ball. They are penalised as they have, in effect, taken away the advantage of the defending team from gaining possession of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the offside player comes in contact with the ball unintentionally, the ruling would be for a knock-on to the defending team (i.e. first infringement applies). [This is moot, of course, as restarting the game for either an unintentional offside and a knock forward is a scrum to the defending team]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19255" LastActivityDate="2023-12-12T07:56:04.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29319" CreationDate="2023-12-12T14:53:10.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In relation to Rugby Union:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was deliberate - as in the kicking team called for a penalty shot and intentionally kicked it into touch - then &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;, they would not be awarded a line-out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, under &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 8 - Scoring&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;20)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the team indicates to the referee the intention to kick at goal, they must kick at goal. The intention to kick can be communicated to the referee or signalled by the arrival of the kicking tee or sand, or when the player makes a mark on the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore meaning that once the signal for the shot at goal had been made, they cannot then decide to kick to touch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, under &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/law/20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20 - Penalty and free-kick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicker may punt, drop-kick or place-kick (other than for touch) the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Implying that you cannot kick for touch from a place-kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the old laws - that is to say, before they were restructured and simplified in 2018 - there used to be a clause on infringements made by the kicking team which said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless otherwise stated in Law any infringement by the kicker’s team results in a scrum at the mark. The opposing team throw in the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Source for above is from the article linked at the end&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which I interpret to mean that if the kicking team deliberately kicked to touch off a place-kick, then the other team will be awarded a scrum at the mark of the previous penalty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was unintentional - for example the wind was so strong it blew the ball out into touch, or the ball hit the post and bounced out into touch - then &lt;strong&gt;a lineout would be given to the defending / non-kicking team&lt;/strong&gt; assuming that the ball was not touched by another player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter of those two scenarios has actually happened - in 2016, against Australia, Nicolas Sanchez of Argentina took a penalty kick, which hit the post and bounced into touch. This resulted in a lineout to Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ruling for this can be found in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.world.rugby/the-game/laws/clarification/2006/2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law Clarification from 2006&lt;/a&gt; (Clarifications carry the same force as Law)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Request&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following a penalty kick and after the ball was kicked, the ball hits the goal post and goes into touch without having been touched by another player.&#xA;What decision should the referee give?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ruling of the designated members of the Rugby Committee&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the penalty kick is for goal, then it is a lineout defending team to throw in.&#xA;Law 21.4(d).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Note: the 21.4(d) is in relation to the old Laws structure&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was discussed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://rugby365.com/laws-referees/law-discussions/law-discussion-penalty-upright-touch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article of the event&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6216" LastEditorUserId="6216" LastEditDate="2023-12-13T11:53:07.277" LastActivityDate="2023-12-13T11:53:07.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29324" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-14T00:30:17.930" Score="1" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following image, you can see 3 pylons. One of them is the goal line pylon, which can be helpful in determining whether or not the ball broke the plane of the end zone on plays close to the sideline. I did not put a red arrow next to this pylon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I put red arrows next to the other 2 pylons, whose purpose I am not sure of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a pylon very close to the goal line pylon. This pylon is larger than the goal line pylon. As you can see, on this particular play it is 3rd &lt;em&gt;and goal&lt;/em&gt;, so this larger pylon cannot be any sort of first down marker. What is the purpose of this larger pylon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a pylon at the corner of the back of the end zone. I don't know why there would need to be a pylon at that location, given that it is possible for a receiver to catch a ball flying past the end zone as long as both of his feet remain inbounds. What is the purpose of this pylon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ci1VB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ci1VB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2023-12-15T06:56:11.383" Title="What is the purpose of these 2 pylons?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|equipment|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29324" CreationDate="2023-12-14T13:45:14.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The functional purpose of pylons such as the back pylon (portrayed on the right of the still) is to &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-3-end-zone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;denote the end zone&lt;/a&gt; (3.12.3) as &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-2-inbound-lines&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;inbound lines&lt;/a&gt; (1.2.2). These are important as they play a role in &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#section-21-out-of-bounds-inbounds-and-inbounds-spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;determining in and out of bounds&lt;/a&gt; (3.21.1, 3.21.2, 3.21.3) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#section-2-touchdown&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scoring plays&lt;/a&gt; (11.2.1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pylon portrayed on the left of the still is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.c360live.com/pylons&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;C360 pylon cam&lt;/a&gt; which provides &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cosm.com/media/c360&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video technologies&lt;/a&gt; on the field. The still is an ESPN Monday Night Football broadcast, which &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2023/10/19/nfl-c360.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; calls out as one of three broadcast channels to use C360 pylon cams this season (the others being Fox and CBS).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user26099" LastEditorDisplayName="user26099" LastEditDate="2023-12-14T13:46:32.050" LastActivityDate="2023-12-14T13:46:32.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29324" CreationDate="2023-12-15T06:56:11.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, on this particular play it is 3rd and goal, so this larger pylon cannot be any sort of first down marker. What is the purpose of this larger pylon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned, it is a camera pylon.  For most plays, the pylon is placed at the first down location (line to gain) on top of a banner/arrow marking the line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QHAX3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QHAX3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the line to gain is the goal line, the first down marker is removed.   It looks like they place the pylon near the goal line, but away from the sideline.  That position doesn't indicate anything for gameplay, but is just another camera.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2023-12-15T06:56:11.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29305" CreationDate="2023-12-15T11:17:28.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Technically&lt;/em&gt; the answer is &amp;quot;everything&amp;quot;, because the first time a major competition is run the winner is simultaneously the youngest and oldest person to ever win it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we're going to rule out that there's still at least one additional case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Series_(championship)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;W Series&lt;/a&gt; - The all-female motorsport championship ran for a total of three seasons (2019-2022) and all three were won by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Chadwick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jamie Chadwick&lt;/a&gt; so she was the youngest winner in 2019 and the eldest in 2022&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgit_Fischer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Birgit Fischer&lt;/a&gt; counts too - having won Olympic canoeing gold medals at 18 and 42&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16857" LastEditorUserId="16857" LastEditDate="2023-12-15T11:28:54.870" LastActivityDate="2023-12-15T11:28:54.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-15T12:03:43.160" Score="0" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 2020, Mercedes implemented the DAS system in their W11 Formula 1 car. The system, which alters the toe angle of the front wheels through the steering wheel being pushed backwards and forwards, was protested against by Red Bull.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What were the advantages of that system that made other teams protest this? Does this system give more grip?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25014" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2023-12-15T13:03:20.743" LastActivityDate="2024-02-28T08:55:42.387" Title="What were the advantages of the DAS system in Mercedes' W11 car?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29329" CreationDate="2023-12-15T13:22:24.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formula One cars usually run with &amp;quot;toe out&amp;quot; at the front, meaning that the wheels aren't perfectly straight but instead splayed out slightly, with the front of the tyre pointing slightly away from the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/coFEZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/coFEZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This improves the car's performance when it first turns into a corner, but also causes the front tyres to heat up unevenly, with the inner edge of the tyre heating up faster than the rest of it. This can lead to parts of the tyre becoming too hot or too cold, affecting both grip and tyre wear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With DAS, Mercedes were able to switch to a neutral toe angle while on the straights, allowing the tyres to be heated evenly, then switch back to a toe-out while cornering for improved handling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So DAS didn't provide more grip, but it did make the Mercedes W11 more efficient at warming its tyres up while preventing them from overheating, especially on circuits with long straights. Given Mercedes' dominance during 2020 - scoring as many points as the next two teams combined - the results speak for themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Info from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.tech-insight-have-mercedes-just-changed-the-game-with-new-steering-wheel.78KDOPX7xRy9YtaFZPCKC4.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this F1 article&lt;/a&gt;, image from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/how-do-you-set-up-an-f1-car-and-other-racing-machines-4982141/4982141/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Autosport article&lt;/a&gt;.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2024-02-28T08:55:42.387" LastActivityDate="2024-02-28T08:55:42.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29305" CreationDate="2023-12-15T13:51:51.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 50 m freestyle has the youngest and oldest gold medalist - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Ervin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Anthony Ervin&lt;/a&gt; as a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_50_metre_freestyle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;19 year old in 2000&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_50_metre_freestyle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;35 year old in 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user26101" LastEditorDisplayName="user26101" LastEditDate="2023-12-15T13:54:38.233" LastActivityDate="2023-12-15T13:54:38.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-19T20:01:25.403" Score="4" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought I knew the rules of American NFL football but maybe this is a nuanced rule regarding false starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know everyone on the offense needs to be set for 1 second/1 count before snapping.  However, there are several instances in recent games where I see everyone on the offensive line appear to be set and motionless, then they turn around to hear the audible from the QB and/or pass signals along to other teammates and no false start is called.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also seen where the O-line is set and motionless but then the defense shifts late to show blitz and people on the O-line start pointing out the new blocking assignments; again, not getting penalized for a false start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then we have an example of a &amp;quot;typical&amp;quot; false start penalty where everyone is set and motionless, the QB is still barking signals but someone on the O-line then rocks back 1/2 an inch and gets flagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now I'm curious why O-linemen seemingly set are allowed at times to turn around to clarify signals and not get penalized but other times those same O-linemen are set and motionless get penalized for the slightest movement?  Am I missing something that's happening at the field level that the TV broadcast doesn't capture and show to viewers at home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1488" LastActivityDate="2023-12-28T17:57:13.770" Title="What constitutes a false start on the offense in American football?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28187" CreationDate="2023-12-22T20:38:03.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems no such rule has officially existed, or at least not for a long time&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;. Technically speaking, to prove this, you would have to go through every official rule-set, but I figured it should be enough to look at whether the rules were different in the early days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To that end, I found two useful sources from 1902: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/details/pingpongnewtable00ritc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ping-Pong or Table Tennis and How to Play It&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Ritchie &amp;amp; Parker, pg 43) and &lt;em&gt;Laws of Ping-Pong&lt;/em&gt;, the rule-set sold with the Parker Brothers Ping-Pong set, which I was able to read via a photograph from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ebay.ca/itm/265579605667&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an eBay listing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of all places. Interestingly, Ritchie &amp;amp; Parker discuss that enforcing a diagonal serve rule might help reduce the serve advantage while simultaneously noting such a rule not existing in &amp;quot;serious&amp;quot; play (pg. 27-28).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While a diagonal serve was not mandatory, the service was nonetheless quite different from the modern rules. It was required to be underhand, below the waist, and most notably it was not yet a rule that the serve had to first contact the server's side!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The earliest source I can find resembling the modern serve is in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=otsDAAAAMBAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;November 1936 issue of &lt;em&gt;Popular Mechanics&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (Coleman Clark, pg 669), where an example non-diagonal serve and return is shown in a drawing. This author in particular appears to be quite knowledgeable with the technical details, noting that imparting spin on the serve toss was no longer legal under American rules but still was in international play at the time (pg. 148A).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another notable source is the May 1942 &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=uMIIAQAAIAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Technical Manual of Sports and Games&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by the US War Department, which is the earliest source I could find that had distinct service rules for both singles and doubles (pgs 129-131).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm speculating slightly, but it would seem natural that the earliest incarnations might have had people mandatorily serving diagonally – after all, table tennis was modelled after tennis, and such is the rule there. While I couldn't find anything too definitive for the diagonal service, the 1902 sources in particular contain instances where table tennis had not yet changed an inherited tennis rule, or discussions on why a particular rule doesn't translate to the table (eg. keeping the tennis scoring system, the serve not striking the server's court first, the ban on volleying shots, whether volley contact outside the table counts as a point against).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Probably 1902. The copyright year is quite hard to make out with the resolution of the photograph, but searching around for &amp;quot;Parker Brothers Ping Pong 1902&amp;quot; does yield other examples of the same item, but none I can find with a clear resolution of the year. There is additionally a &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ca/books?id=bUwrAQAAMAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1903 Treasury Department decision&lt;/a&gt; (pg. 22-23) noting the &amp;quot;Ping Pong&amp;quot; trademark having been transferred to Parker Brothers in 1902.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20588" LastEditorUserId="20588" LastEditDate="2023-12-22T20:47:15.717" LastActivityDate="2023-12-22T20:47:15.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27661" CreationDate="2023-12-26T06:10:53.380" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In pro soccer, can the referee request VAR to analyse an incident even though there is no warning from VAR to the referee?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It's a clear &lt;em&gt;YES&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/#principles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IFAB Video Assistant Referee Protocol&lt;/a&gt; states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Only the referee can &lt;strong&gt;initiate&lt;/strong&gt; a ‘review’; the VAR (and other match officials) can only &lt;strong&gt;recommend&lt;/strong&gt; a ‘review’ to the referee.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2023-12-26T06:10:53.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29344" CreationDate="2023-12-26T18:35:30.317" Score="2" ViewCount="48" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example Kevin Sheedy played for Liverpool between 1978 and 1982 and then signed for Everton in 1982. Peter Beardsley played for Liverpool between 1987 and 1991 and then signed for Everton in 1991.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there have been more recent signings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is there a complete list of all players who played for Liverpool and then Everton and vice/versa?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26141" LastActivityDate="2023-12-26T21:55:22.943" Title="Who is the most recent Everton signing that previously played for Liverpool at any point in their career?" Tags="|football|history|transfer|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29343" CreationDate="2023-12-26T21:55:22.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since loan signings count, the most recent player to do this was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conor_Coady&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Conor Coady&lt;/a&gt;, who spent the 2022-23 season on loan at Everton from Wolves, having previously come through the youth ranks at Liverpool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of permanent signings, Andy Lonergan spent a season at Liverpool in 2019-20 without playing any games, and then signed for Everton in 2021 (where he has, again, played zero games). The most recent player I can find to have signed permanently for Everton, having previously signed &lt;em&gt;and played for&lt;/em&gt; Liverpool, was Don Hutchison, who played for Liverpool between 1990 and 1994, and Everton between 1998 and 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.90min.com/posts/every-footballer-liverpool-everton&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article to find this information, but it only lists the seven players that have done this during the Premier League era. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.101greatgoals.com/news/all-of-the-stars-to-have-played-for-both-liverpool-and-everton-in-the-premier-league/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This other article&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;claims&lt;/em&gt; to be a complete list, but doesn't include any of the three players I mentioned above, so it's clearly not. If a complete list does exist, I've been unable to find it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2023-12-26T21:55:22.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-28T15:08:21.867" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;What happens if a batter accidentally, and as part of once action, hits the ball twice while playing shot? Will it be regarded as a normal shot, no runs or out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it makes a difference, the double hit happens before the ball touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26146" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-28T21:10:24.147" LastActivityDate="2023-12-28T21:16:11.087" Title="What happens if a batter accidentally hits the ball twice?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29345" CreationDate="2023-12-28T21:16:11.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accidentally&lt;/em&gt; hitting the ball twice as part of one motion has no effect on the game - runs are eligible to be scored as normal. There's nothing specific in the Laws of Cricket about this, other than to note that &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/hit-the-ball-twice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 34 Hit the ball twice&lt;/a&gt; refers specifically to the striker &lt;strong&gt;willfully&lt;/strong&gt; striking the ball twice, and there is no mention in e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/dead-ball&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 20 Dead ball&lt;/a&gt; of the ball becoming dead if it is accidentally hit twice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-12-28T21:16:11.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29349" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2023-12-29T03:13:05.883" Score="0" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the player catches the football after he runs behind the line at the back of the endzone is it a touchdown? Is he out of bounds?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26150" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2023-12-29T08:35:41.243" LastActivityDate="2024-01-02T03:41:32.423" Title="college touchdown rules for endzone catches" Tags="|rules|american-football|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29351" CreationDate="2023-12-29T12:38:17.490" Score="4" ViewCount="553" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there's some way that a club could be penalized so that they could only start 10 men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm thinking primarily Premier League, but I'd be interested if it happened in Bundesliga, Serie A, or La Liga.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastActivityDate="2023-12-29T12:55:45.777" Title="Has a soccer team ever started a match a man down?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29350" CreationDate="2023-12-29T12:55:45.777" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No - while the referee's authority starts when they enter the field for the pre-match inspection (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-referee/#powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.3&lt;/a&gt;) and they can send off players who commit offences before the match starts, that results only in the player not being able to take part in the match, not the team starting with 10 players. Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-players/#players-and-substitutes-sent-off&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 3.6&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A player who is sent off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;before submission of the team list cannot be named on the team list in&#xA;any capacity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after being named on the team list and before kick-off may be replaced by a named substitute, who cannot be replaced; the number of substitutions the&#xA;team can make is not reduced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after the kick-off cannot be replaced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2023-12-29T12:55:45.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29349" CreationDate="2024-01-02T03:28:11.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not eligible&lt;/strong&gt; (no touchdown)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If they are pushed out and immediately come back into the endzone. (Touchdown if they catch it in bounds)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the defense touched the pass first (generally everyone is an eligible receiver after that). (Touchdown if they catch it in bounds).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: NCAA 2023 Football Rules, Rule 7, section 3, article 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. in case this is the question: The end line out the back of the endzone is the same as going out of bounds on a sideline. Caught there is out of bounds.  If they go out on their own and come back, it is illegal touching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastEditorUserId="24097" LastEditDate="2024-01-02T03:41:32.423" LastActivityDate="2024-01-02T03:41:32.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29357" CreationDate="2024-01-04T00:30:26.980" Score="-1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a handball by a defender while the ball is in the box, I can understand being carded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there is a handball so egregious when outside the box that it can get a card, yellow or red.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-05T12:54:06.590" LastActivityDate="2024-01-08T09:55:25.177" Title="Can any handballs get carded when not in the box?" Tags="|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29356" CreationDate="2024-01-04T07:11:27.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course they can, the most obvious example being if the handball is used to deny an obvious goalscoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-04T07:11:27.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29356" CreationDate="2024-01-05T10:30:05.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they might get booked for it as well. For instance, if they interrupt in between, unnecessarily or as it has already been commented, even a goalkeeper can get booked if he is handling the ball outside of his box.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26173" LastEditorUserId="26173" LastEditDate="2024-01-08T09:55:25.177" LastActivityDate="2024-01-08T09:55:25.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13654" CreationDate="2024-01-07T17:48:50.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that the batter did not touch home before the appeal was made, then yes, the batter would be called out. This falls under Rule 5.09(c)(4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any runner shall be called out, on appeal, when he fails to touch home base and makes no attempt to return to that base, and home base is tagged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25310" LastActivityDate="2024-01-07T17:48:50.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29362" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-07T21:38:21.063" Score="0" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Steelers/Ravens game on Jan 6, 2024, the Steelers kick returner (Godwin Igwebuike) intentionally went out of bounds and touched a kickoff while lying across the sideline, being both in bounds and out of bounds therefore having not re-established himself in the field of play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this the correct call by the officials?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26179" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-01-07T21:54:35.467" LastActivityDate="2024-01-07T21:54:35.467" Title="Can an out of bounds player down a football in the field of play?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29362" CreationDate="2024-01-07T21:48:07.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is a reasonably well known point in the rules (at least if you watch &amp;quot;NFL IQ 100 plays&amp;quot; on YouTube or similar), perhaps most famously when &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sbnation.com/2016/9/25/13049606/packers-kick-return-ty-montgomery-randall-cobb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ty Montgomery did it for the Packers in 2016&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-07T21:48:07.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29365" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-09T03:38:15.717" Score="0" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking through the rules of darts, it looks like a solitaire game to me - here meaning that it doesn't matter who you're playing against, there's always a well-defined set of actions you're trying to take. No matter what the current score is or who the opponent is, there is a minimum number of throws you need to finish, and that's what you should be going for. This is in contrast to a game like tennis, where you need to react to what your opponent does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are some statements by top darts players that make this impression seem incorrect, e.g. in the Wikipedia article on the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_in_darts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;split in darts&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2006, in what was described as a &amp;quot;massive coup&amp;quot;, Raymond van Barneveld moved to the PDC. Van Barneveld said he was switching for the challenge and to &amp;quot;compete against the best players in the world, including the best, Phil Taylor.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If darts is a solitaire game, then it's irrelevant if you're competing against the best players in the world. Another example is that the championships are decided in 1-on-1 matches. If darts is a solitaire game, then one could just have everyone throw say 50 legs, and the person with the best average wins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is darts a solitaire game?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If no, where does the interaction with the opponent come from? (Other than things like trashtalking one another on stage)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17324" LastEditorUserId="17324" LastEditDate="2024-01-09T10:40:54.703" LastActivityDate="2024-01-09T10:40:54.703" Title="Is darts a solitaire game?" Tags="|darts|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29365" CreationDate="2024-01-09T09:33:16.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reality of the situation is (as very commonly) that &amp;quot;challenge the best in the world&amp;quot; is/was just code for &amp;quot;get more money&amp;quot;; the PDC always paid more than the BDO (the competing side in the split), but players didn't like to appear to be doing it &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; for the money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-09T09:33:16.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29367" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-10T10:33:13.403" Score="1" ViewCount="67" Body="&lt;p&gt;the batsman hits the ball with the bat and then we have two situation:&#xA;A: the ball hits the non-striker and goes into boundary airborne.&#xA;B: the ball hits the striker and goes into boundary airborne.&#xA;What is this? Boundary six or four?&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26187" LastActivityDate="2024-02-11T13:00:55.583" Title="Boundary six or four?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29368" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29369" CreationDate="2024-01-11T00:09:58.997" Score="1" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that in the middle or the end of a rugby game, if the ball is kicked into the posts correctly, they earn 3 points. What if it happens at kickoff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26189" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2024-01-12T17:55:54.020" LastActivityDate="2024-01-12T17:55:54.020" Title="What happens in rugby game if the ball gets kicked into the posts at starting kick off?" Tags="|rugby-union|rugby|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29368" CreationDate="2024-01-11T03:53:37.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 12 clarifies the result of any kick-off or restart kick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part 9 applies to this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the ball is kicked into the opponents' in-goal without touching any player and an opponent ground's the ball without delay or it goes dead through in-goal, the non-kicking team has the option of having the kick retaken or a scrum.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, unless the defending team keeps the ball in play and continues playing, they will choose either to make the kicking team kick again, or feed a scrum at the centre of the halfway line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2024-01-11T03:53:37.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29367" CreationDate="2024-01-12T12:24:58.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In both cases this would be signaled as a six as the ball itself has not touched the ground.  It is a similar situation to a fielder getting a hand to it on the boundary, but the ball still going over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, if you've hit the non-striker and it's still gone for six, you may want to call an ambulance as well.  ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8957" LastActivityDate="2024-01-12T12:24:58.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29371" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-12T22:56:05.930" Score="3" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that even most amateur sports groups are made up of people who played on at least a related Varsity team or multiple years of Junior Varsity in school. Some might not be at peak fitness, but these athletes have had years of sport-specific coaching on technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As someone who did not do any sports in school, is it feasible to join an amateur sports team as an adult? How much training would be necessary before one stops being a complete liability to the team (or losing constantly in an individual sport)? Should people who didn't do sports in school stick to running and weight lifting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally have been doing weight lifting with a trainer for a few years and running, if it matters, but a more general answer is appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26198" OwnerDisplayName="TMuffin" LastEditorUserId="26198" LastEditDate="2024-01-13T00:37:39.607" LastActivityDate="2024-01-13T08:18:55.880" Title="Is it feasible to get into amateur sports as an adult?" Tags="|amateur|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29371" CreationDate="2024-01-13T08:18:55.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How much training would be necessary before one stops being a complete liability to the team (or losing constantly in an individual sport)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, this depends almost entirely on the individual and their affinity for the sport. I've seen &amp;quot;untrained&amp;quot; adults come into sports clubs and rapidly (1-2 years, sometimes less than that) progress past other people who have been playing the same sport for years. I've also seen adults come in and &amp;quot;bump along at the bottom&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should people who didn't do sports in school stick to running and weight lifting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You should do what makes you happy&lt;/strong&gt;, it's not all about being competitive. Some of those people above who &amp;quot;bumped along at the bottom&amp;quot; have been great long-term members of the club, even if they didn't contribute to the league results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-13T08:18:55.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29374" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-15T03:02:04.990" Score="2" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;An NFL announcer will say &amp;quot;3rd and long&amp;quot; when a team is about to start a 3rd down play and they are in the vicinity of 10 yards to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is the cutoff?  What makes it 3rd and short to go?  And is there such a thing as 3rd and 'mid'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9690" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-24T08:24:06.133" LastActivityDate="2024-01-24T08:24:06.133" Title="How many yards is 3rd and Long?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29374" CreationDate="2024-01-15T04:28:35.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing official but to answer yout second question, I have heard announcers say “3rd and medium.”  I have also heard- in my mind Jon Gruden- say “3rd and normal” to mean when it is 2nd and more than 10- say a sack or a penalty- to get it back to 3rd and less than 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your first question, I would say 7 or more yards. More teams are going for it on 4th and short (2 or 3) so maybe 3rds and long is becoming closer to 10 yards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastActivityDate="2024-01-15T04:28:35.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29374" CreationDate="2024-01-15T23:24:05.763" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of it in terms of the original 10 yards to gain during that set of downs.   Although losses and penalties might knock a team back, in the general case you'd expect some progress to be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the offense has moved 8 of the 10 yards already, there's not much more to go and you could get away with calling it &amp;quot;third and short&amp;quot;.   A run into good coverage or a very short pass could possibly extend the drive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If instead they'd only moved 2 yards, then having to make up the remaining 8 in just one play is reasonable to describe as &amp;quot;third and long&amp;quot;.  An average run or short pass is likely to not make the line to gain.  The team may need to try a lower-percentage play and/or the line may need to protect for longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with Damilia's answer of &amp;quot;7 or more&amp;quot;.   Anything less than that doesn't feel particularly &amp;quot;long&amp;quot;.  Most NFL teams average between 4 and 6 yards per play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="6232" LastEditDate="2024-01-17T01:19:46.693" LastActivityDate="2024-01-17T01:19:46.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14743" CreationDate="2024-01-16T08:23:12.703" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Glentoran vs Cliftonville, 1897 is the earliest recorded match of all time, but it was only a few seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware, the earliest footage of a complete football match is the 1952-53 (May 2, 1953) FA Cup final between Blackpool and Bolton, also known as the &amp;quot;Matthew's final&amp;quot;, you can watch the full match on the website Footballia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been trying to find any other full match before 1953, but I have had no luck so far, the best I can find is seconds of recording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26209" LastEditorUserId="26209" LastEditDate="2024-01-16T08:24:00.577" LastActivityDate="2024-01-16T08:24:00.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15585" CreationDate="2024-01-17T21:17:30.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Liverpool &amp;amp; Arsenal, 1979-1980, seven matches&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Date&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Competition&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Result&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;11 August 1979&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FA Charity Shield&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Liverpool 3-1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;24 November 1979&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Division 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Draw 0-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12 April 1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FA Cup (semi-final)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Draw 0-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;16 April 1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FA Cup (semi-final replay)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Draw 1-1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;19 April 1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Division 1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Draw 1-1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;28 April 1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FA Cup (semi-final replay)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Draw 1-1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1 May 1980&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;FA Cup (semi-final replay)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Arsenal 1-0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2024-01-17T21:17:30.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28287" CreationDate="2024-01-18T18:39:31.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as events that fit my criteria, it seems it is mostly tennis matches that end beyond 4am.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/39336705/daniil-medvedev-plays-3rd-latest-slam-match-5-set-victory&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;, the latest that a tennis Grand Slam match ever finished was the third-round 5-set match between Lleyton Hewitt and Marcos Baghdatis in the 2008 Australian Open - it ended at 4:34am. There was also a second-round 5-set match between Andy Murray and Thanasi Kokkinakis in the 2023 Australian Open that ended at 4:05am.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-acapulco/2022/alexander-zverev-beats-jenson-brooksby-in-latest-ever-tennis-finish-at-4.55am-on-remarkable-day-in-a_sto8812400/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;latest finish ever&lt;/a&gt; in a tennis match was the first-round match between Alexander Zverev and Jenson Brooksby at the 2022 Mexican Open - it ended at 4:55am. It was only a 3-set match, but it started at 1:30am because the 2 previous matches that day ended up being the 2 longest matches in Mexican Open history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3763" LastActivityDate="2024-01-18T18:39:31.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29091" CreationDate="2024-01-21T18:41:22.757" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also the NBA In-Season Tournament MVP won most recently by Lebron James &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/39081135/lebron-james-wins-season-tournament-mvp-no-jealousy-anthony-davis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/39081135/lebron-james-wins-season-tournament-mvp-no-jealousy-anthony-davis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user26230" LastActivityDate="2024-01-21T18:41:22.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-22T06:36:27.597" Score="1" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following kabbadi situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is one player left on team A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team B player goes for a raid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A player leaves the court&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The team B player doesn't cross the baulk line&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will the team B player be given out for not crossing the baulk line?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26234" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-01-22T11:14:38.530" LastActivityDate="2024-01-22T11:14:38.530" Title="If the last defender leaves the court, must the raider cross the baulk line?" Tags="|rules|kabaddi|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="33" CreationDate="2024-01-23T14:03:00.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately there is no simple answer because so many factors influence what is the right sail size (roughly in order of importance for beginners):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What you aim to do. Do you want to be planing? Do you want to do lightwind freestlye tricks? Do you want to improve sail handling? Do you want to learn to use a harness?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your skill level&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your weight&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wind strength&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Board size and board type&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sail type (Slalom, Wave, Freestyle, Foil, etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fin size&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stability / Gustiness of the wind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wave size&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on what you want to do, in the same 9-10m/s wind a very experienced windsurfer weighing 75kg could have a:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6.8m2 slalom sail and a 110L slalom board for blasting around.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5.6m2 freestyle sail and 95L freestyle board for doing freestyle tricks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5.3m2 wave sail and 90L wave board for riding waves.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3.3m2 wave sail and 220L board if practicing something new that improves sail handling technique (e.g. heli-tack, backwinded sailing, reversing, board-sail 360)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The practical advice for beginners who don't really care about progress and just want to enjoy:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You will eventually get to know your gear and what sail is good for points 1-9. Just get on the water, start with bigger boards (160 -&#xA;250L, keel preferred) and smaller sails (3m2 - 5m2) (start with 3m2 if you weight 60kg or less, 5m2 if you weight 100kg) and you can slowly&#xA;increase the sail size according to your comfort level.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The practical advice for beginners if you want to progress fast:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the biggest board you can find (220L+) and smallest sail you can find (3m2 - 5m2) (start with 3m2 if you weight 60kg or less, 5m2 if you weight 100kg) and practice these super-fun tricks and techniques:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tacks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fast tacks (can you get to the other side in four steps, three steps, two??)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gybes by flipping the sail first then the legs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Gybes by flipping the legs first then the sail&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sailing in switch stance&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Heli-tacks&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Board-sail 360's&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Backwinded sailing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reversing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And the ten or so other &amp;quot;light-wind&amp;quot; techniques (you can do these in moderately strong wind (7-9ms) too, just make sure you have a 3m2 - 3.5m2 sail in these conditions if you weigh 75kg).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;When you learn to do each one it is so rewarding and fun you want to do them all the time!!!!!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why am I giving this advice?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Decide: Do you want progress (might look sill short term, but gives amazing results in long term) or try to look pro right away (also looks silly in short term because you don't have the skill, no learning, no results in the long term)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From having taught over 500 people to windsurf I can say most people&#xA;try to progress way too fast (we live in the era of instant&#xA;gratification). Windsurfing is about enjoying the journey and the&#xA;daily practice, being on the water and in nature. Many times I have&#xA;had a student weighing 80kg with a 100L board and 6.6m2 sail come to a&#xA;course to learn gybes. They barely stay upright with that gear, even&#xA;just trying to sail in a straight line. I put them on a 220L board and 4.5m2 sail and&#xA;then they are in the sweet spot for learning: they are falling down&#xA;30% of the time during training the gybes but make 70% of them: enough&#xA;that we can see what is going wrong and start improving. If you are&#xA;falling in over 50% of the time you are slowing your progress. We make&#xA;the board as &lt;strong&gt;stable as possible&lt;/strong&gt; because windsurfing is all about&#xA;sail technique. If most of your focus is going into the board&#xA;something is terribly wrong. In fact, if you want to progress even&#xA;faster, the best thing you can do is practice &lt;strong&gt;on land&lt;/strong&gt; because that&#xA;is the most stable surface you can ever get, allowing you to focus on&#xA;sail technique completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, while being a windsurf instructor (3 years on the water pretty much every day) I found I could progress my own skill level fastest with a 220L board and 4.0m2 sail in wind speed of 1-7m/s, I weigh 75kg.&#xA;It felt so strange when people with a few months of experience (on the water only weekends) would come with 6-7m2+ sail size and 100L boards to attend my gybe courses. The difference in what I was doing to maximize progress and what they were doing to try and look pro couldn't be more dramatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17141" LastEditorUserId="17141" LastEditDate="2024-01-23T14:08:18.197" LastActivityDate="2024-01-23T14:08:18.197" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29387" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-24T02:59:29.740" Score="1" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL overtime rules. Say first possession offense throws an interception but then the defender fumbles trying  to make a return, and the offense gets it back. The offense gets a new set of downs due to possession changing, so if they go down and kick a field goal is the game over? Or does the opposing team still get a chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26239" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-01-24T08:23:49.590" LastActivityDate="2024-01-24T08:23:49.590" Title="NFL rules, overtime, double turnover" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29387" CreationDate="2024-01-24T03:40:31.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that the answer is yes, the game is over because the team that kicked off first has had their possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I base this on this description of a “double change of possession” source is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-5-general-rules-applicable-to-overtime&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFL Rules&lt;/a&gt;, Rule 16 (Overtime), article 5.a. note 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that “the situation” is about a foul by the defense prior to a turnover. The offense could take the penalty, and then there is no turnover and the initial possession continues.  But what about a turnover during the return of a turnover, which is your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Bolding added by me)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation in (2) may also affect the team that receives the opening kickoff during its first possession. If there is a foul by the second team followed by a double change of possession, and the first team accepts the result of the play, &lt;strong&gt;the second team has had its required possession, and the first team has possession of the ball for the second time.&lt;/strong&gt; However, if it accepts the penalty, it will extend its initial possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="24097" LastActivityDate="2024-01-24T03:40:31.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-24T10:46:47.627" Score="0" ViewCount="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if a batted ball deflected by a infielder, in fair territory, touches a runner, (or an umpire) and then goes, while it still is in flight, or not, in dead ball territory? What's the rule? 2 award bases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26241" LastActivityDate="2024-01-24T10:46:47.627" Title="Hit by batted ball" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29390" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-25T17:24:29.030" Score="0" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are the wild card players picked before reserve players to play in the game, if not, when, and for what reason, are they picked to play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26247" LastActivityDate="2024-01-25T17:24:29.030" Title="Reason for NBA All Star Game wild card players" Tags="|nba|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29391" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-25T23:07:32.627" Score="0" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume 'A' is playing at striker's end and 'B' is at non striker's end, If 'A' runs for a single run on the last ball of the 5th over and B is run out at the striker's end, who will be on strike on for the 1st ball of the 6th over? 'A' or new batter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26249" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-01-26T08:58:52.550" LastActivityDate="2024-02-25T09:07:05.917" Title="Who faces the next ball if the striker is run out at the end of an over?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29391" CreationDate="2024-01-26T08:57:43.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For now, ignore the fact that it is the end of an over. The important law here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/scoring-runs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18.11.1&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the striker is dismissed in any of the circumstances in 18.11.1.1 to 18.11.1.8, the not out batter shall return to his/her original end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;18.11.1.1 to 18.11.1.8 are bowled, caught&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, LBW, stumped, hit wicket, hit the ball twice, obstructing the field (under some circumstances) and when a runner is dismissed (under some circumstances). This list does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; include run out, so the batters remain at the ends they were when the dismissal occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A is now at the &amp;quot;over 5&amp;quot; non-striker's end, so will face the first ball of the 6th over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1. Added to the list as of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60665829&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1st October 2022&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-26T08:57:43.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-26T15:53:19.723" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;On January 26th 2024, Novak Djokovic lost his Australian Open semis match to Yannick Sinner without having earned a single break point. Not only he didn't brake Sinner, he also didn't get a break point! The only set Novak won was on a tie breaker after they bothe held serve during the set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the dominance of the Big 3 in tennis, how many times in their careers have they lost a 5 set match without earning a break point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3671" LastActivityDate="2024-01-26T15:53:19.723" Title="How many times have the Big 3 lost a 5 set match without earning a break point?" Tags="|tennis|atp|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29394" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-27T17:36:51.293" Score="0" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;One player takes a corner kick, hits the post and the ball goes back to the same player, without being touched by anyone else. That same player plays the ball immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 17 says a player cannot touch it twice, but does not say anything about hitting the post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26257" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2024-01-27T22:27:59.500" LastActivityDate="2024-01-27T22:27:59.500" Title="Player takes a corner kick which hits the post, and plays the rebound directly, is it legal?" Tags="|rules|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29394" CreationDate="2024-01-27T17:56:54.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; sure what the uncertainty is here. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-corner-kick/#procedure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law (not Rule) 17.2&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again before it has touched another player, an indirect free kick is awarded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball has not touched another player, therefore an indirect free kick is awarded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-01-27T17:56:54.190" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5546" CreationDate="2024-01-29T14:10:44.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To provide official rulesets, here are &lt;a href=&quot;https://official.nba.com/rule-no-11-basket-interference-goaltending/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NBA's - RULE NO. 11&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fiba.basketball/documents/official-basketball-rules/current.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;FIBA's - Rule 31.2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BK23.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA's - Section 15&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nfhs.org/media/7212540/mbb_wbb_nfhs_major_rules_differences_2023-24_nfhs-edits.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NFHS's - ruleset is paywalled but highlights differences with NCAA's ruleset&lt;/a&gt; stance on the matter. Each ruleset (in slight variation) states that goaltending occurs after the shot attempt starts downward while it has a chance to be made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26263" LastActivityDate="2024-01-29T14:10:44.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-30T13:06:13.370" Score="1" ViewCount="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was curious whether bookies actually accepted bets in Professional Wrestling, given that it is now common knowledge that results are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; pre-scripted! :p&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it seems they do! Despite the worked nature, only very few people know of the results ahead of time, so one could see how bets could still be taken. It would just be more like betting on, say, the Oscars, than a boxing match. You just accept you're betting on who Vince McMahon picked rather than the result of a fair fight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there was a time when that was not so well known - e.g. early 80s and before - and wrestling promotions like the WWF would take great efforts to protect this secret.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious whether bookies took bets back then? Did they avoid Pro-Wrestling (maybe it wasn't common knowledge in public but it was in the gambling industry)? And if they did take bets, how did they avoid the scrutiny of the authorities given the results were fixed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="17509" LastActivityDate="2024-01-30T13:06:13.370" Title="Did bookies take bets in Pro-Wrestling before 'kayfabe' was common knowledge?" Tags="|betting|pro-wrestling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13826" CreationDate="2024-01-30T19:54:49.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Current Guinness Record for most weight lifted by a human is now held by the two-time Canada’s Strongest Man winner Gregg Ernst. Having already been watched by over 1,000 people lifting two grown oxen, in July 1993, Ernst lifted 2,422.2kg (5340lb), making this officially the world’s heaviest lift.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26271" LastActivityDate="2024-01-30T19:54:49.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29402" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-01-30T20:14:38.747" Score="0" ViewCount="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a pitcher is removed, he is responsible for the number of runners N that he left on base when exiting. However, is he responsible for the &lt;em&gt;next&lt;/em&gt; N runs in that inning? So, consider the following situation and sequences of plays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P1 leaves the game with 1 out in an inning and the bases loaded with A, B, and C (hence, all are P1's responsibility).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P2 enters the game and gives up a single to D, scoring A, while B and C move up to 3rd and 2nd, respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P2 gets a force out at home of B against E (who advances to 1st), with C and D moving up to 3rd and 2nd, respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P2 gives up a single to F, which scores C and D, and E moves up to 2nd.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P2 strikes out G to end the inning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is how many runs are assigned to P1 and P2? As I understand it, because P1 was responsible for B, the force out makes P1 responsible for E. However, that leads to the oddity of the bases being loaded where P1 is responsible for R3 (C) and R1 (E), while P2 is responsible for R2 (D). So, is the correct scoring actually that upon the force out in Play 3, the pitcher responsibility cycles backwards, meaning that D was originally the responsibility of P2, but now becomes the responsibility of P1, and E becomes the responsibility of P2? In this case, that would mean the assignment of runs is to be all 3 go to P1 and 0 go to P2?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T15:53:31.297" Title="Which Pitcher Is Assigned The Run" Tags="|rules|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29402" CreationDate="2024-01-30T22:25:24.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Under &lt;a href=&quot;https://content.mlb.com/documents/2/2/4/305750224/2019_Official_Baseball_Rules_FINAL_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB rules&lt;/a&gt;, P1 is charged with 2 runs and P2 with 1 run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 9.16(g) states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When pitchers are changed during an inning, the Official Scorer shall not charge the relief pitcher with any run (earned or unearned) scored by a runner who was on base at the time such relief pitcher entered the game, &lt;strong&gt;nor for runs scored by any runner who reaches base on a fielder’s choice that puts out a runner left on base by any preceding pitcher.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, P1 is responsible for A, B, and C, as they are on base when P2 enters the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When D gets a hit, A's run is charged to P1. P1 is still responsible for B and C, and P2 is responsible for D.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When E reaches base on the fielder's choice that puts B out, P1 takes responsibility for E, as well as keeping responsibility for C. P2 is still only responsible for D.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When F singles, C's run is charged to P1 and D's run is charged to P2. P1 is still responsible for E, and P2 is responsible for F.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once the inning ends with G's strikeout, the book is closed on P1, who can no longer be held responsible for any future runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the end, P1 is charged with 2 runs (A and C) and P2 is charged with 1 run (D). E, while P1's responsibility, never scored.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note that your scenario is very similar to Comment (3) on Rule 9.16(g).)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastEditorUserId="11180" LastEditDate="2024-01-31T15:53:31.297" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T15:53:31.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3940" CreationDate="2024-01-31T16:26:52.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Olympics open on a Friday and the Super Bowl is on a Sunday, to the answer yo the question as asked is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we can ask if the Super Bowl has ever been during the Olympics.  Historically the answer was also no, but as the Super Bowl has pushed later this will likely be a regular occurrence.  In particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 2022 the Super Bowl was on Sunday, February 14 and the (Beijing) Olympics ran from February 4-20.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 2026/2030/2034 the Olympics will start on Friday, February 6/8/10; the current NFL season structure has the Super Bowl on the second Sunday of February.  If that holds, in each of those years the Super Bowl will be on the first Sunday of the Olympics.  The 2026 Super Bowl is already scheduled for February 8.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For past dates of Super Bowls and Olympics in winter Olympic years see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/beijing-winter-olympics/super-bowl-winter-olympics-collide-for-once-in-a-lifetime-day/2819115/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article from NBC Los Angeles&lt;/a&gt; from 2022.  Super Bowl hosts rotate every four years so this will continue.  The 2026 Olympics are in Milan; &lt;a href=&quot;https://apnews.com/article/olympics-winter-salt-lake-2030-2034-ioc-e7da1e36b747395f2417b5e8c1d33088&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2030 is likely to be in France and 2034 in Salt Lake City&lt;/a&gt;.  So in 2026 and 2030 the Super Bowl will be after live Olympic events have ended for the night, but there are likely to be live Olympic events at the same time as the Super Bowl in 2034.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21997" LastEditorUserId="21997" LastEditDate="2024-01-31T20:54:21.920" LastActivityDate="2024-01-31T20:54:21.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29409" CreationDate="2024-02-01T16:35:50.967" Score="0" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a crazy stat today where Fernando Tatis Sr. hit two grand slams &lt;em&gt;in a single inning&lt;/em&gt;, and crazily enough both off of Chan Ho Park, on April 23, 1999 in a game between the St. Louis Cardinals and the L.A. Dodgers, something that has never been done before or since.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Baseball-Reference.com records Park as pitching 2.2 innings that day and giving up 11 runs. However, only 6 of them were counted as earned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Pitching                IP  H  R ER BB SO HR   ERA&#xA;Chan Ho Park L (1-2)   2.2  8 11  6  3  2  3  7.32&#xA;Carlos Perez           4.1  3  1  1  0  4  1  7.06&#xA;Jeff Kubenka             2  0  0  0  2  1  0 12.27&#xA;Team Totals              9 11 12  7  5  7  4  7.00&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Provided by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports-reference.com/sharing.html?utm_source=direct&amp;utm_medium=Share&amp;utm_campaign=ShareTool&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball-Reference.com&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/LAN/LAN199904230.shtml?sr&amp;utm_source=direct&amp;utm_medium=Share&amp;utm_campaign=ShareTool#LosAngelesDodgerspitching&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;View Original Table&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what the official rules on this were back in 1999, but I can't imagine they changed much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.16 Earned Runs and Runs Allowed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An earned run is a run for which a pitcher is held accountable. In&#xA;determining earned runs, the Official Scorer shall reconstruct the&#xA;inning without the errors (which exclude catcher’s interference) and&#xA;passed balls, giving the benefit of the doubt always to the pitcher in&#xA;determining which bases would have been reached by runners had there&#xA;been errorless play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get that &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/22767/26278&quot;&gt;it depends&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/29222/26278&quot;&gt;on the situation&lt;/a&gt;, but to me, given that at least 8 of the runs (in just this one inning) came off Tatis' two grand slams and not as a result of any error (i.e. these were legitimate hits), how is it that Park isn't charged at least 8 earned runs as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26278" LastEditorUserId="26278" LastEditDate="2024-02-01T21:17:52.437" LastActivityDate="2024-02-01T21:17:52.437" Title="Chan Ho Park's Earned Runs Allowed on April 23, 1999" Tags="|baseball|scoring|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29407" CreationDate="2024-02-01T17:13:23.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is where play-by-play gives us context. Let's take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/LAN/LAN199904230.shtml#all_play_by_play&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Baseball Reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the first home run, these are all earned runs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Inn&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Score&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Out&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;RoB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Pit(cnt)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;R/O&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;@Bat&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Batter&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Pitcher&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;wWPA&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;wWE&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Play Description&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;---&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2,(1-0) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Darren Bragg&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;33%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Single to RF (Ground Ball thru 2B-1B)&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1--&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5,(2-2) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Edgar Renteria&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;39%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Hit By Pitch; Bragg to 2B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;12-&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2,(0-1) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mark McGwire&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;9%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;48%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Single to RF (Line Drive to Deep 2B-1B); Bragg to 3B; Renteria to 2B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3,(2-0) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;RRRR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fernando Tatís&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;23%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;71%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Home Run (Fly Ball to Deep LF); Bragg Scores; Renteria Scores; McGwire Scores&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second home run, there is an error. This dispels the claim that &amp;quot;at least 8 of the runs (in just this one inning) came off Tatis' two grand slams and &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;not as a result of any error&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; and further elaborated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/a/29409/26263&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Inn&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Score&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Out&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;RoB&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Pit(cnt)&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;R/O&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;@Bat&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Batter&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Pitcher&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;wWPA&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;wWE&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Play Description&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;3,(1-1) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;R&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Darren Bragg&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;90%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Reached on E3 (throw) (Ground Ball to Weak 2B-1B); Polanco Scores/No RBI; McEwing to 3B; Jimenez to 2B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;5,(2-2) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;R&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Edgar Renteria&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;93%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Single to RF (Line Drive to Short RF Line); McEwing Scores/unER; Jimenez to 3B; Bragg to 2B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;4,(1-2) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;O&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Mark McGwire&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;-2%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;91%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Flyball: RF&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;t3&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7-2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;6,(3-2) &lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;RRRR&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;STL&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Fernando Tatís&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Chan Ho Park&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;7%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;98%&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;Home Run (Fly Ball); Jimenez Scores/unER; Bragg Scores/unER; Renteria Scores/unER; Tatis Scores/unER&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerUserId="26263" LastEditorUserId="26263" LastEditDate="2024-02-01T17:27:22.627" LastActivityDate="2024-02-01T17:27:22.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29407" CreationDate="2024-02-01T17:21:43.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was no error on the home run plays, but there was an error in between.  Once you get to a point in the inning where you would have had 3 outs with errorless play, all further runs are considered unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When McGuire flied out for the second out, plus Karros's error, there &amp;quot;should have&amp;quot; been 3 outs.   There were 7 runs at that point, 6 earned and 1 unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All runs later in the inning (in this case, all the runs from Tatis's grand slam) are also unearned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/wqn5ah4c3qtivwx3jatm.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MLB Rules&lt;/a&gt; 9.16&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In&#xA;determining earned runs, the Official Scorer shall reconstruct the&#xA;inning without the errors (which exclude catcher’s interference) and&#xA;passed balls, giving the benefit of the doubt always to the pitcher in&#xA;determining which bases would have been reached by runners had&#xA;there been errorless play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.16(a) Comment 3 confirms that home runs may be unearned due to earlier errors in the inning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With two out, Abel reaches first on an error by the&#xA;shortstop in misplaying a ground ball. Baker hits a&#xA;home run. Charlie strikes out. Two runs have scored,&#xA;but none is earned, because Abel’s at-bat should have&#xA;been the third out of the inning, as reconstructed without&#xA;the error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2024-02-01T17:21:43.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-02T01:08:14.317" Score="4" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;In hockey, the PDO is considered to measure luck. Could you please explain me why ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my understanding, the PDO is computed as &amp;quot;goals for / shoots on post for + saves against / shoots on post against&amp;quot;. That is: your team is good at shooting (the guys score often) and you have a good goalie (he saves a lot). I don't see any luck here (that's also written in &lt;a href=&quot;https://jfresh.substack.com/p/percentage-luck-in-hockey-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://jfresh.substack.com/p/percentage-luck-in-hockey-explained&lt;/a&gt; : &lt;em&gt;[..] there are elements of PDO that aren’t caused by luck, like shooting talent and goaltending&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you sum the PDO of the two teams, you obtain 200%. That is: the two teams will share theses 200%. As the teams plays in the same league, there are more or less equally good, so it is expected each team get about 100%. We can find Gaussian distributions centered on 100% on the web (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/hockey-stats/advanced-hockey-stats-101-pdo-part-3-of-4-d3f319f2e1f1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://medium.com/hockey-stats/advanced-hockey-stats-101-pdo-part-3-of-4-d3f319f2e1f1&lt;/a&gt; ). A wide Gaussian could indicate big differences between teams in the league, while narrow Gaussian could indicate tight differences between teams in the league. When low performing teams play against high performing teams, they learn and over years, they become better, making the Gaussian to be narrower (explaining why the PDO traditionally regress to the 100% mean, e.g. in &lt;a href=&quot;https://jfresh.substack.com/p/percentage-luck-in-hockey-explained&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://jfresh.substack.com/p/percentage-luck-in-hockey-explained&lt;/a&gt; ). But again, I don't see any luck here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &amp;quot;puck luck&amp;quot; an kind of &amp;quot;default reason&amp;quot; to explain phenomenons that we are not able to explain (like all the natural events that were considered as divine manifestations in ancient times, but are now scientifically explained) ? From my point of view, the defenders are under considered in the PDO (and in other metrics as well): they hinder the attackers so that the attackers shots are less dangerous, thus indirectly the defenders protect the goalie. The goalie save rate is higher because the shots are easier to stop, but the defenders impact is not measured (I agree it would be difficult to measure the &amp;quot;inconvenience&amp;quot; produced by the defenders). Also note that the opponent defenders have impact on our attacker goal ratio, so that the defender role has impact on the two components of the PDO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure luck exists in hockey (we could get good bounces or bad bounces), but definitively, I don't understand how the PDO reflect it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I could not find an answer in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/canucks/comments/196pfxp/help_me_understand_why_pdo_is_considered_luck_in/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/canucks/comments/196pfxp/help_me_understand_why_pdo_is_considered_luck_in/&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/hockey/comments/1ac81yv/the_whole_concept_of_pdo_as_a_measure_of_luck_is/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/hockey/comments/1ac81yv/the_whole_concept_of_pdo_as_a_measure_of_luck_is/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26279" LastEditorUserId="26279" LastEditDate="2024-02-04T20:31:43.070" LastActivityDate="2024-02-05T17:00:29.660" Title="Why is the PDO hockey statistic said to measure luck?" Tags="|statistics|ice-hockey|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="28563" CreationDate="2024-02-02T03:02:01.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;He has 9 or 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the official FIFA page, he has the record for scoring the most contributions , goals + assists in the final match. 3 goals and 3 assists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 goals and 1 assist Vs Sweden in 1958 and 1 goal with 2 assists Vs Italy in 1970.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/a-tribute-to-pele-brazil-santos-new-york-cosmos-legend-fifa-world-cup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/a-tribute-to-pele-brazil-santos-new-york-cosmos-legend-fifa-world-cup&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in 1958, it's 2 assists, 1 Vs USSR and 1 Vs Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, he made 1 more assist in 1962 Vs Mexico, his solo run goals dribbling 4-5 mexican players + his beautiful assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in 1970 he made 6 assists (Most of anyone in one competition) or 7 assists, according to FIFA website it was 6. But on some websites it was 7, one assist is still debated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, 2(1958) + 1(1962) + 6 or 7 (1970). You can choose, because FIFA, IFFHS and Opta still have differences in interpreting an assist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit : FIFA has not made a statement about Pele's total number of assists. However, after I explored the official FIFA website along with videos of Brazil's goals between 1958-1970 in the World Cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see Pele has a record of 6 assists in knockout stages. Most (shared with Messi).&#xA;This is confirmed from the official FIFA website : &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/lionel-messi-fifa-world-cup-records-milestones-argentina-appearances-assists-goals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/lionel-messi-fifa-world-cup-records-milestones-argentina-appearances-assists-goals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But after I counted, if 6 total in the knock-out stage, then that's exactly 10 assists.&#xA;In group stages, Pele made 1 V USSR (1958), 1 V Mexico(1962) and 2 vs England (for jair) and Czechoslovakia in 1970. So group stages 4 in totals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the knockout stages? There are 6 according to FIFA, and after looking at previous data, I only found 5 assist in total. 1 Vs Sweden (1958), 4 in 1970 ( 1 Vs Peru, 1 Vs Uruguay, 2 vs Italy). So where does another one come from... I finally decided to look at the 1958 WC video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Against Wales, it was impossible, because Pele scored the only goal of the match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's probably Brazil vs France. Pele scores 3 goals from total 5 Brazil's goals. This has to be a Vava or Didi goal. And finally I found video footage of Didi's goal, the ball from Pele's deflected pass, which Didi grabbed and he shot a long-range shot. This is Pele's 6th assist What we have been looking for in the knock-out stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 10, 4 from groups stages and 6 from knockout stages&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26280" LastEditorUserId="26280" LastEditDate="2024-02-02T04:19:30.917" LastActivityDate="2024-02-02T04:19:30.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-02T11:00:36.530" Score="2" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Manchester United's game against Wolves last night some interesting piece of trivia happened. The goal that won it for United was both scored and assisted by a teenager. This was only the second time in PL history that this happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This made me wonder how many times it has happened in Europe's other top leagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10829" LastActivityDate="2024-02-04T09:10:31.033" Title="How many times have two teenagers combined for a goal in Europe's top 5 leagues?" Tags="|football|trivia|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29413" CreationDate="2024-02-04T09:10:31.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened yesterday, Saturday, February 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; in LaLiga in the match of Deportivo Alaves against FC Barcelona: Hector Fort (2006-08-02 / 17y185d) assisted Vitor Roque (2005-02-28 / 18y6d) to score the decisive 1:3 for Barcelona in minute 63.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is either an incredible coincidence that it happened twice in consecutive days, or it is not actually that rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does seem that players get drafted at ever younger ages into top clubs, so I would expect this to be or at least become more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other notable facts are that both players were only substituted in during the second half, Fort in minute 46 and Roque in minute 59, only 4 minutes before he scored the goal. Roque also only played 13 minutes, collecting two yellow cards in minutes 67 and 72.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4870" LastActivityDate="2024-02-04T09:10:31.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29417" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-04T10:31:09.083" Score="0" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if a flyball touches a fielder then hits a runner and goes out of play? What's the call? Double grounded, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26289" LastActivityDate="2024-04-06T17:12:22.107" Title="Fly ball hits a runner and goes out of play" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29418" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-04T22:47:38.753" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been playing airsoft for a little while now, and so, I am looking to purchase my own gear. I understand there are 3 main firing mechanisms; gas, electric and mechanical(spring). What I want to know is, what are the differences between the 3? I.e pros and cons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as I understand, the size of the gun affects the suitability of each specific mechanism, so I should mention, I am looking to get a pistol as I have been told smaller is better for close quaters(I play indoors only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26291" LastActivityDate="2024-02-07T13:51:22.233" Title="How to choose between airsoft mechanisms?" Tags="|equipment|airsoft|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29410" CreationDate="2024-02-05T17:00:29.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This article goes into the specifics: &lt;a href=&quot;https://cnsmaryland.org/2017/02/03/how-an-advanced-hockey-stat-measures-luck-in-the-nhl/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cnsmaryland.org/2017/02/03/how-an-advanced-hockey-stat-measures-luck-in-the-nhl/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, PDO is normalized throughout the league to 100 and anything in between 98-102 is considered sustainable. The &amp;quot;luck&amp;quot; aspect comes from being above or below the 98-102 threshold as an &lt;em&gt;indicator&lt;/em&gt; of good luck or bad luck. I'm not sure it &amp;quot;measures&amp;quot; luck as much as it &amp;quot;indicates&amp;quot; luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very similar to Pythagorean Winning Percentage in baseball that measures expected win-loss record by runs scored and allowed: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/advanced-stats/pythagorean-winning-percentage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.mlb.com/glossary/advanced-stats/pythagorean-winning-percentage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both metrics &lt;em&gt;indicate&lt;/em&gt; luck by taking for/against statistics and compares it to actual results. The word &lt;em&gt;indicate&lt;/em&gt; is emphasized as these statistics do not measure luck in itself but it indicates luck by taking measurable statistics against actual results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user26295" LastActivityDate="2024-02-05T17:00:29.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29418" CreationDate="2024-02-07T13:49:19.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Mechanical&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pro: The spring is a very powerful mechanism for shooting BBs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Con: The spring has to be manually loaded each time. Ie, not a semi-automatic weapon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Gas&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pro: Fires faster and more accurately as a semi-automatic weapon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Con: Gas can cause malfunctions in cold conditions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Electric&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pro: A lighter footprint while being more consistent in firing than gas.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Con: Performance drops in wet/damp conditions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Recurring Costs&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another rule-of-thumb is the recurring cost after buying the weapon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mechanical guns have the least amount of recurring cost as it does not require gas/electric to power while going through BBs at a much slower rate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gas guns require CO2 cartridges while many electric guns use rechargeable batteries. CO2 cartridges are generally one-time use and disposable while rechargeable batteries can be reused. A second rechargeable battery is recommended for less downtime when the first battery needs recharged or dies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the gas/electric in both situations to power the weapon are a recurring cost to consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user26302" LastEditorDisplayName="user26302" LastEditDate="2024-02-07T13:51:22.233" LastActivityDate="2024-02-07T13:51:22.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29424" CreationDate="2024-02-10T00:33:05.713" Score="1" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Australian Football League (AFL)&lt;/a&gt; states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The VFL] made several innovations early on to entice the public's interest, including [...] the formal establishment of the modern scoring system, in which six points are awarded for a goal and one point for a behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't, however, specify what the &lt;em&gt;original&lt;/em&gt; scoring system was, the one the modern scoring system replaced. Doing my own research on Google hasn't come up with anything useful either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What was/were the scoring system(s) of Australian rules football before the modern scoring system?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26310" LastEditorUserId="26310" LastEditDate="2024-02-10T13:57:00.360" LastActivityDate="2024-02-10T13:57:00.360" Title="What was the original scoring system of Australian rules football?" Tags="|rules|history|australian-rules-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29423" CreationDate="2024-02-10T12:21:41.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most of the mid 19th century behinds did not award any points, they simply turned the ball over to the opposing team. The &amp;quot;modern scoring system&amp;quot; simply means behinds also counting as a (minor) score, rather than goals being the sole scoring opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2024-02-10T12:21:41.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25528" CreationDate="2024-02-11T14:09:53.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have an exhaustive list at the moment, but here are two instances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;England vs Australia 2015, Nottingham: Australia 60/10 and England end day 1 at 274/4 with Joe Root on 124*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;South Africa vs New Zealand 2013, Cape Town: New Zealand 45/10 and South Africa end day 1 at 252/3 with Alviro Petersen on 103*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26316" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-02-11T18:04:42.750" LastActivityDate="2024-02-11T18:04:42.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29426" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-11T15:53:16.373" Score="0" ViewCount="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a ball bowled to a batsman hits the bat first and then hits the pad/any part of the batsman's body, what is the rule on getting runs or boundaries or catch at this situation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26319" LastActivityDate="2024-02-11T15:53:16.373" Title="Caught by wicket keaper" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2024-02-11T17:54:07.337" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="24539" CreationDate="2024-02-13T20:43:27.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You score based on the wire-defined segment, not where the tip is.   In the photo, that dart scores single 19.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wires are there specifically to avoid any ambiguity about the location where the point touches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 2024 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thedra.co.uk/_files/ugd/20bb2f_3cf54f94fda34811a90f4e87ed72cf76.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;DRA Rules&lt;/a&gt;, the first two scoring rules refer only to scoring based on the wires and rings, not any other criteria (such as location of the tip).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.4.1 A dart shall only score if the point of the dart remains in or touches the face of&#xA;the dartboard &lt;strong&gt;within the outer double wire&lt;/strong&gt; and, having been “called”, is&#xA;retrieved from the face of the dartboard by the Player throwing that dart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6.4.2 A scoring dart is counted &lt;strong&gt;by reference to the segment into which the point of&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;the dart enters and remains in or touching the face of the dartboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tip of the dart must remain in contact with the board to score (it can't be &amp;quot;hanging&amp;quot; on the wire with the tip clear of the board).  But the location of the tip on the board is not relevant.  Only the segment that is entered determines the scoring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2024-02-13T20:43:27.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29429" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29430" CreationDate="2024-02-17T10:31:41.197" Score="0" ViewCount="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the ball hits the batsman's pads in front of the wicket but then the ball goes on to hit the stumps, does the bowler still have the option of appealing for an lbw or will the batsman be given out bowled regardless?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25374" LastActivityDate="2024-02-17T11:43:03.220" Title="Is the batsman lbw or bowled in this scenario?" Tags="|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29429" CreationDate="2024-02-17T11:43:03.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bowled. Refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/bowled&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 32.2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The striker is out Bowled if his/her wicket is fairly broken as in 32.1, even though a decision against him/her for any other method of dismissal would be justified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the fielding team &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; has to appeal for a specific method of dismissal; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/appeals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 31.4&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An appeal “How’s That?” covers all ways of being out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-02-17T11:43:03.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29431" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-17T14:22:54.747" Score="2" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title explains, if the receiver gets one foot down, then he steps on his own foot and gets out of bounds, is it considered a valid catch or no?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26336" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2024-02-19T06:16:36.323" LastActivityDate="2024-02-19T13:45:44.693" Title="Is the reception completed if a receiver gets one foot in bounds and then he steps on his own foot instead of getting the other foot down?" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29431" CreationDate="2024-02-17T18:13:44.187" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the NFL &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/completing-a-catch/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule Book - #8 section 1&lt;/a&gt;, it's an incomplete pass. A completed pass is called when the player&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. secures control of the ball in his hands or arms prior to the ball touching the ground; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. touches the ground inbounds &lt;strong&gt;with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands&lt;/strong&gt;; and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. after (a) and (b) have been fulfilled, performs any act common to the game&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case you describe, only one foot and no other part of the body touches the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2024-02-17T18:13:44.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-21T18:25:13.260" Score="1" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I bowl my first ball and there are two pins but they’re wobbling and the gate comes down and one pin Falls before the pinsetter comes down. Does that pin count?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26349" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-02-22T05:18:56.913" LastActivityDate="2024-02-22T20:18:45.963" Title="Does the pin count" Tags="|bowling|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29436" CreationDate="2024-02-21T22:15:09.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the pin is wobbling because of the ball or another pin striking it and the pinsetter itself did not assist, then it is a legal pin.  Since you say the pin falls before the pinsetter comes down, that seems to fit this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the pinsetter did touch the pin, then the pin would not count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://bowl.com/getmedia/00b3ea52-567e-43d6-b93a-e26d83d1b5bb/Rulebook-23-24.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;USBC Rules&lt;/a&gt; 6a and 6b for legal and illegal pinfall situations.  Nothing in your question seems to suggest that one of the illegal situations occurred, so it should be a valid pin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2024-02-22T20:18:45.963" LastActivityDate="2024-02-22T20:18:45.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29440" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-26T12:16:40.257" Score="2" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;The WPBSA rules define &amp;quot;snookered&amp;quot; as the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;17. Snookered&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cue-ball is snookered when a direct stroke in a straight line to every ball on is wholly or partially obstructed by a ball or balls not on. If one or more balls on can be hit at both extreme edges free of obstruction by any ball not on, the cue-ball is not snookered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this in mind, consider the following scenarios, where the red balls are &amp;quot;on&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Name&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Image&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Comment&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;A&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k5a7X.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k5a7X.png&quot; alt=&quot;scenario A&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;The cue ball cannot hit the red ball on the extreme right edge, but the whole ball is &amp;quot;visible&amp;quot; from the point of cue ball.&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;B&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I0p3K.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I0p3K.png&quot; alt=&quot;scenario B&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;The red ball is partially obscured by the yellow.&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;C&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ll2p5.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ll2p5.png&quot; alt=&quot;scenario C&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;The &amp;quot;far&amp;quot; red ball is obstructed by the &amp;quot;near&amp;quot; red ball (which is obviously also &amp;quot;on&amp;quot;). If the nearer red ball is removed, the cue ball will not be able to strike the farther red ball on the extreme edge (scenario A).&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;D&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MFTwJ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MFTwJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;scenario D&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;The &amp;quot;far&amp;quot; red ball is obstructed by both the &amp;quot;near&amp;quot; red and the yellow. If the nearer red ball is removed, the yellow red ball would partially obscure the farther (scenario B).&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;E&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9AQNU.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9AQNU.png&quot; alt=&quot;scenario E&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;The &amp;quot;far&amp;quot; red ball is obstructed only by other red balls. If the middle and nearest red balls are removed, the  &amp;quot;possible angles&amp;quot; would be at least as wide as if the farthest ball was the only one.&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: which of these scenarios are considered &amp;quot;snookered&amp;quot; by the rules (resulting in a free ball if encountered after a foul, etc.). Are there any other special cases I overlooked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;This question was inspired by the answers to &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/28604/&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/24948&quot;&gt;two&lt;/a&gt; questions which aren't clear in the matter, and also by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_snooker#/media/File:Snooker_Freeball.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this image on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; which states that the red is snookered by the black.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26365" LastEditorUserId="26365" LastEditDate="2024-02-26T14:25:55.747" LastActivityDate="2024-02-28T19:45:46.443" Title="Precise meaning of the cue-ball being &quot;snookered&quot;" Tags="|snooker|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29441" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-26T13:24:52.027" Score="1" ViewCount="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a member of a capoeira group and recently a child of 8 came to us. His mother said that he has a &amp;quot;strong ADHD&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is visibly different than the other kids. I never encountered someone with ADHD and I don't know what he is feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I include a person like this into a group?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26366" LastActivityDate="2024-02-26T13:24:52.027" Title="Giving training to a person with ADHD" Tags="|training|gymnastics|martial-arts|dancing|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-02-28T08:29:24.357" Score="1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen a lot of F1 replay recently and noticed Mercedes pitstop is the first entry or should we say, &amp;quot;at the front gate of the pitstop entry&amp;quot;. Here is my sketchy image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PkX6h.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PkX6h.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I do know that in pitstop, there are speed limit, so no car will have advantages on this matter. But what if a situation like Fernando Alonso's happens where he punctured two of his tires (if I'm not mistaken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, of course, his speed in pit entry will be slower than regulated. But, if his team get the pitstop at front entry, he will have changed the tires much earlier than if his team get the pitstop at the end (closest to the exit entry).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how does the FIA or teams pick their pitstop entry place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because let says a situation happen to Russel (Mercedes) and Leclerc (Ferrari). Then Russell will have a slight advantage since Mercedes pitstop is at the entry of the pitstop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25922" LastEditorUserId="17381" LastEditDate="2024-03-03T13:02:45.940" LastActivityDate="2024-03-03T13:02:45.940" Title="Who picks the team's pitstop location in F1?" Tags="|formula-1|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2024-02-29T04:22:41.890" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29440" CreationDate="2024-02-28T14:16:21.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.epa.org.uk/rules/snookers.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EPA - English Pool Association&lt;/a&gt; in their &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Foul Snookers and Foul Jaw Snookers&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; section, your following situations are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;: This situation &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; a &amp;quot;foul snooker&amp;quot; to the player on reds, but not if taking a shot that does not follow a foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;: This situation &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; a &amp;quot;foul snooker&amp;quot; to the player on reds but not if taking a shot that does not follow a foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;: This situation &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; a &amp;quot;foul snooker&amp;quot; to the player on reds, but not if taking a shot that does not follow a foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;: This situation &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; a &amp;quot;foul snooker&amp;quot; to the player on reds but not if taking a shot that does not follow a foul.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;: This situation &lt;strong&gt;IS NOT&lt;/strong&gt; a &amp;quot;foul snooker&amp;quot; to the player on reds, as you cannot be snookered by a ball of your own colour.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastEditorUserId="25708" LastEditDate="2024-02-28T19:45:46.443" LastActivityDate="2024-02-28T19:45:46.443" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29445" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-01T11:11:22.557" Score="3" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to baseball and quite a few rules are not clear for me. If a player on first base tries to steal second base before the pitcher throws the ball he would have to be “tagged out” because he is not in a forced play situation. Now the batter hits a ground ball for example and the runner who was trying to steal a base is now in a forced play situation and can no longer get tagged. Is that right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26383" LastEditorUserId="9578" LastEditDate="2024-03-01T18:18:46.877" LastActivityDate="2024-03-01T18:18:46.877" Title="Baseball stealing bases" Tags="|rules|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-01T11:38:30.750" Score="3" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was at the FA Cup match between Luton Town and Man City last Wednesday (February 21, 2024), where the referee added no time at all at the end of the match. There had been multiple substitutions, two or three injury stoppages and five goal celebrations in the second half. I appreciate City were winning 6-2 and this may have been the reason, but is he really allowed just to ignore added time? I felt somewhat short-changed by this decision at such an entertaining match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26384" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2024-03-01T20:53:26.927" LastActivityDate="2024-03-01T20:53:26.927" Title="Can a referee ignore added time?" Tags="|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29445" CreationDate="2024-03-01T11:52:31.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have this wrong: a force out is an &lt;em&gt;additional&lt;/em&gt; way of getting a runner out, not instead of tagging them out - i.e. a runner that is being forced can be put out either by tagging the base they are running to or by tagging the runner themselves. The difference is that a runner who is not being forced &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; be tagged, tagging the base they are running to has no effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-03-01T11:52:31.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29446" CreationDate="2024-03-01T15:21:41.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In its &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-7---the-duration-of-the-match&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 7: the duration of the match (IFAB Laws of the Game 2023-24)&lt;/a&gt;, the FA states that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allowance is made by the referee&lt;/strong&gt; in each half for all playing time lost in that half through:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substitutions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;assessment and/or removal of injured players&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wasting time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;disciplinary sanctions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;medical stoppages permitted by competition rules e.g. ‘drinks’ breaks (which should not exceed one minute) and ‘cooling’ breaks (ninety seconds to three minutes)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;delays relating to VAR 'checks' and 'reviews'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;goal celebrations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any other cause, including any significant delay to a restart (e.g. due to interference by an outside agent)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth official indicates &lt;strong&gt;the minimum additional time decided by the referee&lt;/strong&gt; at the end of the final minute of each half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing written in that rule that &lt;em&gt;compels&lt;/em&gt; time addendum. Therefore, if the referee decides not to add some suppletive time, the 4th referee won't be able to show the time board, and there will be none. That's how I understand that rule. In your case, it still might be a mistake made by the arbitration body, but no evidence it happened though. The referee is the master of the game, and if he thinks that &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;enough is enough&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, then he blows the whistle...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting discussion about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.eurosport.com/football/premier-league/2023-2024/premier-league-added-time-why-the-big-increase-why-could-there-be-more-yellow-and-red-cards-howard-w_sto9736757/story.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;added time&lt;/a&gt; during the 2023/2024 season in Premier League.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25708" LastActivityDate="2024-03-01T15:21:41.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-02T10:23:09.317" Score="1" ViewCount="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the fielding team allowed to place all the fielders in the 30-yard circle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it is allowed in Test cricket as there is nothing like &amp;quot;30-yards&amp;quot; restriction. But is this allowed in other forms of the game?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example during Powerplay-1 of an ODI match, can the fielding team place all the fielders inside?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26388" LastEditorUserId="26388" LastEditDate="2024-03-03T04:16:35.670" LastActivityDate="2024-03-04T09:14:35.590" Title="Is the fielding team allowed to place all the fielders in the 30-yard circle?" Tags="|rules|cricket|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-02T10:25:04.963" Score="1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have some situations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kickoff touched by receiving team goes out of bounds, who gets the ball? I mean the RT doesn't fumble but only muffed the kickoff.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kickoff muffed by RT (or after 10 yards) then touched by KT and finally it goes out of bounds? Who gets the ball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed punt by RT goes out of bounds, who gets the ball&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed punt by RT then touched by KT and finally it goes out of bounds, who gest the ball?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26389" LastActivityDate="2024-03-04T11:07:38.087" Title="Kicks out of bounds" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29450" CreationDate="2024-03-02T23:24:09.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all of these questions, unless the kicking team legally gains possession of the ball in the field of play, the receiving team will have the ball.   That doesn't happen in your scenarios, so the receiving team will have the ball for the next play in all four cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Touching the ball may give the other team certain rights in some situations, but it does not change possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/media/tvglh0mx/2023-rulebook_final.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2023 NFL Rules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6/2/3 Ball placed at out-of-bounds location.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6/2/3 25 yards from kick or at out-of-bounds location, RT choice.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and 4.  9/4/4 (assuming no illegal batting), out-of-bounds location.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2024-03-02T23:24:09.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29449" CreationDate="2024-03-04T09:14:35.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware, none of the major forms of the game mandate that players &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; be outside the 30 yard circle. Looking for example at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.icc-cricket.com/image/upload/prd/emgil6d8gwimz8wvvqab.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;current (December 2023) men's ODI playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;, we can see that the restriction is solely on the number of players outside the 30 yard circle (formally known as the fielding restriction area):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.7.2.2.1 Powerplay 1 - no more than two (2) fielders shall be permitted outside this fielding restriction area. In an innings of 50 overs, these are overs 1 to 10 inclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;28.7.2.2.2 and 28.7.2.2.3 deal with powerplay 2 and 3 and have the same form except for the number of players and which overs this applies to. There are similar rules in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.icc-cricket.com/image/upload/prd/vtlex7fs28mukkavtgev.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;men's T20I playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.icc-cricket.com/image/upload/prd/j1fkpsny6m8ff8gfl6b8.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's ODI playing conditions&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.icc-cricket.com/image/upload/prd/ieokwuhg2z0rn6u9ykpd.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;women's T20I playing conditions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For any other competition, you would need to refer to the playing conditions in force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-03-04T09:14:35.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29450" CreationDate="2024-03-04T11:07:38.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any punt goes out of bounds is a ball is put back by RT where it goes out of bounds.&#xA;In all those cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Punt Untouched out bounds&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed punt by KT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed punt by RT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed punt by RT and then the ball hitted by KT out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For kickoff we have the penality only if goes out of bounds untouched.&#xA;If the kickoff&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed by RT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed by KT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Muffed by RT then it hitted by KT out.&#xA;The play restarts in possession of RT at the spot where the ball goes out of play.&#xA;Am I right?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26397" LastActivityDate="2024-03-04T11:07:38.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29457" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-06T11:09:18.130" Score="0" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Team A kicks a kickoff, it exceeds the 20 yards and, in flight, a player of the team A (The kicking team) touches it, without having possession, the ball goes directly out ouf bounds, without being touched by a player of the team B (The receiving team), what's the rule? Where is the ball placed in this case? Where it goes out of bounds, right?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26405" LastActivityDate="2024-04-06T11:08:05.933" Title="Muffed Kickoff Out Of Bounds" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29457" CreationDate="2024-03-06T20:34:31.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you are saying on a kickoff a kicking team player touches the ball after it becomes legal to touch (i.e. goes ten yards) and does not gain possession and the bal goes out of bounds before the receiving team touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is covered in &lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-3-free-kick-out-of-bounds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the NFL rulebook.&lt;/a&gt; I believe it considered simply as a kick out of bounds. Usually works out to be the 40 yard line (25 yards from the kickoff spot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ARTICLE 3. FREE KICK OUT OF BOUNDS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The kicking team may not kick the ball out of bounds or be the last to&#xA;touch the ball before it goes out of bounds between the goal lines. If&#xA;the receiving team is the last to touch the ball before it goes out of&#xA;bounds, the receiving team puts the ball in play at the inbounds spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Penalty: For a kickoff out of bounds: The receiving team may elect to&#xA;take possession of the ball 25 yards from the spot of the kick at the&#xA;inbounds line on the side of the field where the ball went out of&#xA;bounds, or at the out-of-bounds spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that punts are different. (And there's a different yardage for safety kicks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2024-03-06T20:34:31.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17756" CreationDate="2024-03-07T16:44:01.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There actually is a rule that applies here, and it pertains to legal formations. Field goals are kicked from a scrimmage kick formation, and in order to be a legal scrimmage kick formation, the holder must be a minimum of 7 yards behind the line of scrimmage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it's legal to kick a field goal from a formation that's not a scrimmage kick formation (i.e. it would still count),doing so voids all protections due the kicker, holder, and snapper. It also negates the numbering exception (NCAA: 5 linemen numbered 50-79; NFL: ends must be eligible). So even though there's no reason a kicker can't set up more than 7 yards back (a slight but low possibility for a long, low trajectory kick), you'll never see the kicker be closer than that, because of the formation rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26413" LastActivityDate="2024-03-07T16:44:01.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29468" CreationDate="2024-03-08T02:48:11.260" Score="3" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to learn butterfly better, and I watched some videos on YT explaining the stroke mechanics. For some reason, I find it really difficult to time one of the down leg kicks, near the end of arm underwater, as the training videos show.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, the natural thing is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;enter arms and leg kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;keep arms front (glide) and get legs back up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;start move arms back, at the same time second leg kick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, on the training videos, there is no pause with the arms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is what comes naturally to me, inefficient? Illegal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26414" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-08T07:47:18.357" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T15:30:43.857" Title="Is it inefficient to glide in butterfly?" Tags="|swimming|butterfly|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="25682" CreationDate="2024-03-08T19:24:51.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short sweet straight to the point:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tennispredict.com/tennis-levels/#:%7E:text=6.0-7.0%20%E2%80%93%20Pro%20player%20%28Top%201000%20ATP%20or,5.5%20%3D%20Advanced%206.0%20%E2%80%93%207.0%20%3D%20Professional&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://tennispredict.com/tennis-levels/#:~:text=6.0-7.0%20%E2%80%93%20Pro%20player%20%28Top%201000%20ATP%20or,5.5%20%3D%20Advanced%206.0%20%E2%80%93%207.0%20%3D%20Professional&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;How players start off&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as my understanding goes, tennis players are only considered full professionals once they play an ATP match. To get here though, most players start entering junior and childrens tennis tournaments at a young age to get practice being around crowds, learning fundamental rules, getting used to different circumstances and environments .etc. Winning matches here increase their ranking and points. If you'd be interested the USTA site has tournament information available for the US.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;ITFs to ATPs&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once players think they're ready, they can then advance to a Futures/ITF tournament, which is an important stepping stone to getting to ATP tournaments. A player who wins one of these tournaments can earn up to 35 points in the APT ranking system.&#xA;In response to your inital question, yes players are technically professionals once here, but the reason why most climb up to around 1000 before going fully professional and entering ATP tournaments is because it's simply a comfortable place to be in the beginning of an ATP  career. By this I mean the player knows they have lots of experience and is usually more confident in their abilities at this time, plus they wouldn't have to spend as much time in the lower rankings of ATP, but if course that also depends on their skill.&#xA;It's important to know that there are no minimum ranking requirements to enter a ATP tournament, yet the 1000ish ranking is pretty normalized for when players would decide to enter one. I'm pretty sure you can simply go to the ATP website and sign up for one. The answer of this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/27859/qualifying-criteria-to-an-atp-tournament#:%7E:text=There%20is%20no%20minimum%20ATP%20ranking%20requirement%20to,Player%20Member%20%28%E2%80%9DMember%E2%80%9D%29%20or%20an%20ATP%20Registered%20Player&quot;&gt;https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/27859/qualifying-criteria-to-an-atp-tournament#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20minimum%20ATP%20ranking%20requirement%20to,Player%20Member%20%28%E2%80%9DMember%E2%80%9D%29%20or%20an%20ATP%20Registered%20Player&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;explains this specifically from the APT Regulations, but I'd suggest you go to the actual site for more clarity and anything I missed or didn't explain well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was a bit long winded but I hope it helped at least a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26416" LastEditorUserId="26416" LastEditDate="2024-03-08T19:31:19.633" LastActivityDate="2024-03-08T19:31:19.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29463" CreationDate="2024-03-12T15:30:43.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as legality, other than sacrificing a little bit of speed, as long as your arms move back together and aren't split (like in freestyle), you're ok with a little bit of a glide. For most swimmers there is a bit of a pause (not really a glide though) as the arms enter and grab the water before the pull.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebMfr7n65_c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;youtube video by Speedo&lt;/a&gt; has a decent breakdown of the stroke. There are two videos that follow it on breathing and kick as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where people get a little mixed up is that while the kick aids in propulsion, one of the main purposes of the kick is to drive the wave motion of the body. You have a strong kick as the arms swing forward and in, and the kick is designed to push the upper body down and forward in the water. As the arms start to finish their stroke, the second kick pushes the torso up and forward. (Side note: There is no requirement on kicks. You can do 1, 2, 3, 5, whatever. As long as they go together and don't separate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you think of butterfly as a series of shallow dives into the water it helps. One of the ways that I used to teach kids is to have them stand in shallow water and do a forward dive motion, staying just below the surface of the water. As they start to lose a little momentum, use a kick to pop their head up (Arms at this point stay out front and just guide). Then as they progress, I had them do a kick and a pull with no recovery. And so on and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also several good kickboard drills to work on butterfly kick motion and timing. I also really like pull buoys with butterfly because even with the pull buoy to aid the flotation of the hips, you can get almost a full stroke in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Work on each piece, then work on integrating them. Butterfly is probably the most technical stroke (imo) to learn and be smooth at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2024-03-12T15:30:43.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-14T03:55:11.600" Score="0" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a baseball player attempts to catch a pop fly ball in foul territory (regardless of him standing near or far from the foul line), misses the ball but it touches his glove and then lands in foul territory, is it ruled a foul ball or fair/live ball?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a simple but frustrating question that seems to have no answer only complete turn around once you get halfway through an answer that looks like it's answering this just to flip back to  where it bounces back into fair or player in fair territory and drops in foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The player is in foul territory trying to catch a foul fly ball that has only so far been contacted by the baseball bat but unfortunately misses the catch which in turn the ball bounces off his glove and still continues to land in the foul territory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26438" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-03-14T10:29:51.960" LastActivityDate="2024-03-18T21:59:41.507" Title="Is a pop fly in foul territory, missed with contact and lands in foul territory fair or foul?" Tags="|baseball|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2024-03-26T08:58:20.953" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-15T08:59:40.963" Score="0" ViewCount="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that teams have to pick up a players fifth year option in the summer before their forth year, how much is guaranteed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IF a player is on the bubble before the forth year but then really sucks the forth year, how hard is it to dump him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25753" LastEditorUserId="1237" LastEditDate="2024-03-15T11:08:01.283" LastActivityDate="2024-03-15T11:08:01.283" Title="How much of the fifth year option salary is guaranteed?" Tags="|american-football|nfl|finances|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-15T12:59:36.103" Score="-1" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a receiver catches a ball near the sidelines, but the defender falls down, and then the receiver lands on the defender and goes out of bounds, is it a catch?&#xA;This is assumes that if there was no  defender the landing would result in a completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to the rule where you are not downed when you land on another player but get up without touching the ground.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25753" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2024-03-16T22:29:18.850" LastActivityDate="2024-03-16T22:29:18.850" Title="A receiver catching the ball on top of a player then going of bounds" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27943" CreationDate="2024-03-16T12:16:55.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tag ups are not force outs.  They're called timing plays.  Any runs scored before an out is made for not tagging up count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule 8-2-6 section 8&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26447" LastActivityDate="2024-03-16T12:16:55.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="29477" CreationDate="2024-03-17T14:59:19.647" Score="0" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there precedent for, or have there been any examples of, what a football team does if their name contains the type of settlement they represent and then the settlement is granted city status?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if Huddersfield became a city, could we guess what Huddersfield Town might do about their name, if anything, based on what any other team in a similar position has done previously?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26451" LastEditorUserId="15589" LastEditDate="2024-03-17T22:09:50.910" LastActivityDate="2024-03-17T22:09:50.910" Title="When a town is upgraded to a city, do football clubs in that town change their names?" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-17T20:26:36.980" Score="0" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something I can’t grasp my mind around is why college basketball coaches spend a timeout right before the end of the first half. It just doesn’t make sense to me. There are a finite numbers of timeouts and you spend one with 40 seconds before hitting the locker rooms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26452" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-03-17T22:56:38.163" LastActivityDate="2024-03-17T22:56:38.163" Title="Why do college basketball teams often take a timeout just before half time?" Tags="|basketball|collegiate|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29475" CreationDate="2024-03-17T21:28:47.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best example here is almost certainly &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Swansea City&lt;/a&gt;, who were founded as Swansea Town in 1912, but then did change to the Swansea City name in 1969 as Swansea was upgraded to a city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelmsford_City_F.C.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chelmsford City&lt;/a&gt; would seem to be a good candidate here, but for reasons unexplained in the Wikipedia page, they formed as Chelmsford City in 1938, 74 years before Chelmsford acquired city status in 2012. Weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-03-17T21:28:47.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29476" CreationDate="2024-03-17T21:35:26.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How many timeouts does the team have left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NCAA timeout rules are a bit complex due to dependency on TV broadcast rules.  But if you're watching on national TV, they're probably playing under the &amp;quot;at least 3 media timeouts per half&amp;quot; rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under these rules, if the team has not yet used any timeouts then one will be lost at the half (only two 30-second timeouts can carry over to the second half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since it would be lost anyway, a team with three remaining would not need much of an excuse to use one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/BK24-20231127.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NCAA Men's Basketball Rules&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Rule 5, Section 13, Article 10&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Art. 10. When the electronic-media agreement calls for AT LEAST THREE&#xA;electronic-media timeouts in either half, the format shall be as&#xA;follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. Three 30-second timeouts for each team per regulation&#xA;game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Each team may carry up to two 30-second timeouts into the second half.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9578" LastActivityDate="2024-03-17T21:35:26.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29469" CreationDate="2024-03-18T21:59:41.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official rules only define a fair ball:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that settles on fair ground between home&#xA;and first base, or between home and third base, or that is on or over&#xA;fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third base,&#xA;or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls on&#xA;fair territory on or beyond first base or third base, or that, while&#xA;on or over fair territory touches the person of an umpire or player,&#xA;or that, while over fair terri- tory, passes out of the playing field&#xA;in flight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fair fly shall be judged according to the relative&#xA;position of the ball and the foul line, including the foul pole, and&#xA;not as to whether the fielder is on fair or foul territory at the time&#xA;he touches the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any other ball would be foul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ball in your question is foul as long as it is not over fair territory when the player (who can be standing in fair or foul territory) touches it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11180" LastActivityDate="2024-03-18T21:59:41.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29480" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-19T01:12:16.710" Score="0" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;In F1, there are jump start. Jump start means that you accelerates your car before all the lights go out. In this scenario, sometimes you get penalty for it, sometimes you don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, recently I do watch F1 and saw Perez do what they called &amp;quot;rolling start&amp;quot; where the driver roll his tyres slowly even light still not go out. In this case, I think the driver will have a better acceleration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is legal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25922" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-03-19T10:53:00.607" LastActivityDate="2024-03-19T10:53:00.607" Title="Is a rolling start legal in F1?" Tags="|rules|formula-1|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29480" CreationDate="2024-03-19T09:44:27.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I presume you're referring to the 2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gpfans.com/us/f1-news/1015706/sergio-perez-f1-jump-start-red-bull-saudi-arabian-grand-prix-2024-lando-norris/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sergio Perez was found to have been creeping forward very slowly&lt;/a&gt; before the lights had gone out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a &amp;quot;rolling start&amp;quot; - as Nij mentioned in their comment, a rolling start is a specific type of race start in which &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; car is moving forward at the start. If only &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; car is moving during a standing start, that's just a jump start. (Incidentally, rolling starts &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; legal in Formula One - they occur at the end of every safety car period.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formula One has two methods of identifying jump starts. The first is the white line at the front of the grid box: your wheels are not allowed to cross that white line before the lights go out. The second is a sensor inside the grid box, underneath the car, that can detect movement and automatically flag a driver as having jumped the start. Perez did not cross the white line, nor did he trigger the sensor, so he didn't break any rules. And having seen the footage of his &amp;quot;jump start&amp;quot;, he was moving so slowly that I don't believe he could have gained any advantage from it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15589" LastActivityDate="2024-03-19T09:44:27.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29482" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-20T06:53:42.087" Score="-2" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems there is no abbreviation for gunner among American football positions.&#xA;G is used for offensive guards, so it is ineligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="21605" LastActivityDate="2024-03-20T17:35:48.757" Title="Is there an abbreviation for gunner? (American football positions)" Tags="|american-football|position|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29485" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-20T20:15:17.637" Score="0" ViewCount="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;For those who are reselling/gifting Euro 2024 tickets offline--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How will the main ticket not have the original buyer's name on it?&#xA;Anyone let in during 2016/2020 using a second-hand main ticket? No ID check?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26463" LastActivityDate="2024-03-20T20:15:17.637" Title="Euro 2024 ticket transfer" Tags="|euro|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29486" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-22T10:40:45.730" Score="2" ViewCount="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;The quarterback makes a forward pass to the first wide receiver who bats the ball foward, then the same receiver retouches the ball and bats the ball again toward a second receiver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it legal? Or can the WR bat the ball forward only one time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26467" LastEditorUserId="9319" LastEditDate="2024-03-22T22:08:48.327" LastActivityDate="2024-03-22T22:08:48.327" Title="A forward pass batted from one receiver multiple times, eventually to another" Tags="|rules|american-football|nfl|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29486" CreationDate="2024-03-22T19:45:10.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming the players are in bounds and the ball doesn't hit the ground. It appears to be a legal catch. There doesn't appear to be a limit on tips/bats of the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#rule8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ARTICLE 7. LEGAL TOUCHING&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A forward pass (legal or illegal) thrown from behind the line may be touched by any eligible player. A pass in flight may be tipped, batted, or deflected in any direction by any eligible player at any time, including such a pass in&#xA;the end zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15558" LastActivityDate="2024-03-22T19:45:10.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29488" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-23T05:52:30.870" Score="0" ViewCount="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read on the internet that due to the variation of doping testing between countries and the disparity between testing standards at an international level and local level, many sports similarly turn out unfair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People often cite examples such as East Germany and Soviet Union when they want to justify this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what about today? Is this still actually a problem today? If so, how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26471" LastActivityDate="2024-03-26T16:42:12.737" Title="How does variation of doping testing effect effect fairness of sports?" Tags="|international-sports|doping|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-24T06:02:02.780" Score="2" ViewCount="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it hits the bottom of the net and the ball gets caught up and rolls around and goes in down through the rim the correct way, is this a counted basket.  To clarify, the ball never goes through the bottom of the rim up the wrong way, it is caught in the net below the rim but wraps around to enter the top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26476" LastActivityDate="2024-03-24T06:02:02.780" Title="In basketball, when the ball hits the bottom of the net, wraps around and goes in the right way,. Does it count? Or violation?" Tags="|rules|basketball|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29490" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-24T14:26:46.853" Score="-2" ViewCount="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please, kindly tell me best loser between Team A, who played 1:1 draw with Team B they both went to penalty but team A lost in penalty. Team C, played 0:0 with team D,team C lost in penalty also . So which team is best loser out of team A and Team C?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26479" LastActivityDate="2024-03-24T14:26:46.853" Title="If a team played 1 :1 draw with another team and lost in penalty. Another team played 0:0 draw with another team &amp; lost in penalty. Who is best loser" Tags="|football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2024-03-24T14:46:07.970" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29491" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-25T10:44:54.010" Score="2" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok, Team 1 tries a field goal at 30 yards, this is failed but it goes on 10 yards where, before it lands, is illegaly touched by a kicking team player (First touching), so in this case is the ball immediately dead or can a receiving team player recover and advace it? And if none of the receiving team recovers it, where will the ball be placed after? At the spot of the kick or where is touched by kicking team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26483" LastActivityDate="2024-03-25T10:44:54.010" Title="First Touching During A Field Goal" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29493" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-26T10:49:34.700" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if a receiver or a running back is behind the line of scrimmage can a defensive player step across the line of scrimmage to attack the player? Does the defensive player need to allow him to touch the ball before he makes contact or can he immediately collide with him regardless of whether the ball has been thrown or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26487" LastEditorUserId="3671" LastEditDate="2024-03-30T23:23:19.723" LastActivityDate="2024-03-30T23:23:19.723" Title="Pass Interference Behind Scrimmage" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="26231" CreationDate="2024-03-26T16:30:14.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not so much to avoid injury, as it is to focus and deliver the power of the punch with the first couple of knuckles. Elbow injuries happen when you lock out the elbow, which can happen on any punching technique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MMA/Martial arts will tend to carry their hands more forward, &amp;quot;flat&amp;quot; (Palm parallel to floor or slightly tilted) in order to parry and/or grab. Boxers carry their hands more perpendicular and closer to their chin in order to parry/block. In each case, though, a full punch will generally start with the hand vertical to the floor and rotate to flat as it extends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About the only punch you won't see a hand rotation is the hook. Uppercuts, almost every other punch (Excepting specialized punches such as a vertical punch) will have rotation. It adds a focus and &amp;quot;snap&amp;quot; to the end of the technique. The power mainly comes from leg drive and torso rotation, the arm/shoulder muscles mainly direct and focus. That's another reason the jab is not really considered a knockout punch, is that it is almost all arms/shoulders, no real leg or torso drive to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2024-03-26T16:30:14.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29488" CreationDate="2024-03-26T16:42:12.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, doping is still a high occurrence, weakly enforced problem in sports. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367925/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;One recent study&lt;/a&gt; comparing doping and socioeconomic variables points out that the WADA (World Anti Doping Association) testing protocols produce less than 1% positive results, but anonymous surveys and questioning puts the number of intentional intake at 39% (And likely higher actual value).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7525253/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;study on testing frequency&lt;/a&gt; shows that testing standards and frequency is vastly different from nation to nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking at a personal n=1 level, I was a competitive cyclist (Cat 3, almost Cat 2 in the United States, so just below elite level), and I know as a fact that half the peloton at any given time was doping to some extent. Unless you are competing at a national event or in the USADA random testing pool, you aren't going to be tested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short answer, yes it is still a problem, and one that is not likely to be solved. Every time a new test comes out, new ways to get around it are created.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="608" LastActivityDate="2024-03-26T16:42:12.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29496" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-27T09:42:30.553" Score="0" ViewCount="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;While an offensive player can block a defensive player, the defense can only block or tackle the ball-carrier. What foul (if any) is committed if a defensive player blocks a non-ball carrier?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26493" LastEditorUserId="6126" LastEditDate="2024-03-28T10:59:48.557" LastActivityDate="2024-03-28T10:59:48.557" Title="What happens if a defender blocks a non-ball carrier?" Tags="|rules|american-football|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29497" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-28T23:53:35.530" Score="-1" ViewCount="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand whether the letter of the law does allow for a goalkeeper to be potentially sent-off for denying the opposing team an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by breaking the six-second rule, or if I'm missing something in the text or there is some other source I'm unaware of that prevents this possibility (e.g. an official communication from the IFAB).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation I'm envisioning may sound absurd at first, seeing how a goalkeeper who's keeping the ball in his hands (for less or more than six seconds) can't possibly be stopping a goal-scoring opportunity either way—as the ball is firmly in his hands the whole time. Furthermore, there is this passage here (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#direct-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.1 &lt;em&gt;Direct Free Kick&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The goalkeeper has the same restrictions on handling the ball as any&#xA;other player outside the penalty area. If the goalkeeper handles the&#xA;ball inside their penalty area when not permitted to do so, an&#xA;indirect free kick is awarded &lt;strong&gt;but there is no disciplinary&#xA;sanction.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this passage is very specific in saying ‘handling the ball’, which refers to the act of &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;touching the ball with one's own hands.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; And if we look just a little beyond, we find that (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/fouls-and-misconduct/#indirect-free-kick&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 12.2 &lt;em&gt;Indirect Free Kick&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball with the&#xA;hand(s) when: [...] bouncing it on the ground &lt;strong&gt;or throwing it in the&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;air.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, follow me on this: am I correct in saying this covers the entire action of throwing the ball into the air up until the moment when it is kicked? We do see it very often: players are penalised all the time for interfering with the goalkeeper while he's throwing the ball in the air to kick it, proving how the ball is indeed considered to be in the keeper's possession until the kick takes place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, consider this scenario: at 5 seconds, the goalkeeper throws the ball into the air—and it's kind of a vertical throw, maybe also due to wind or other conditions. If he let it be, the count would just stop at five. But an attacking player from the opposing team sees the chance and runs towards the ball, and he's alone and he could clearly score on an empty goal. So the keeper notices this, and he immediately runs towards the ball and kicks it away before the attacker could reach it. When he touches it with his foot, 7 seconds have elapsed in total. In this situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the goalkeeper was &lt;em&gt;in control of the ball with his hand(s)&lt;/em&gt; for 7 full seconds, using the same wording from Law 12.2, but at the same time &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;he did not commit an offence by handling the ball&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (as per Law 12.1), since the final touch is the one that realised the offence, and that was a kick;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the goalkeeper has artificially extended his control of the ball from 5 to 7 seconds: it is only due to his kick that his personal six-second clock kept running (otherwise it would have stopped at 5), meaning that him breaking the six-second rule was a deliberate act &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the offence that directly caused him to deny the opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And by the way, I know someone will say: &lt;em&gt;‘There's no way the referee is gonna keep track of seconds so precisely’&lt;/em&gt;. But I should point out that if this is indeed DOGSO, then this is a potential red card situation which would therefore call VAR into action as sending-off offences are part of the protocol (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/#principles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VAR protocol &lt;em&gt;Principles&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Furthermore, counting seconds is an objective fact (and it's also easy to do on a computer), meaning that, according to the protocol once again, the whole check could start and end without even involving the referee (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/video-assistant-referee-var-protocol/#procedures&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;VAR Protocol &lt;em&gt;Procedures&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For factual decisions e.g. position of an offence or player (offside),&#xA;point of contact (handball/foul), location (inside or outside the&#xA;penalty area), ball out of play etc. a ‘VAR-only review’ is usually&#xA;appropriate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what do you think? Is a red card indeed appropriate in this situation, and if not, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11498" LastActivityDate="2024-03-29T02:49:35.777" Title="Can a goalkeeper be guilty of DOGSO via a six-second-rule offence?" Tags="|rules|football|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29497" CreationDate="2024-03-29T02:49:35.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are unfortunately following in the footsteps of many spectators, fans, and even players, and not just in football.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Stop overthinking it.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The laws are clear enough: &amp;quot;being in control of the ball with the hand(s)&amp;quot; includes when throwing it in the air. The goalkeeper cannot be given a card for the offence of doing this too long in the box. No VAR will ever intervene in a situation like this because it is entirely outside their remit, except if an overzealous referee gave a red card or penalty kick for this offence alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9319" LastActivityDate="2024-03-29T02:49:35.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29493" CreationDate="2024-03-29T19:25:26.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;NFL - No foul for contact behind the line of scrimmage.  Contact which is otherwise legal is allowed up to 1 yard past the line of scrimmage. I think (but am not 100% certain) that this is true in NFHS and NCAA as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26501" LastActivityDate="2024-03-29T19:25:26.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29500" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-30T06:31:54.347" Score="-1" ViewCount="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the game was almost ending, Manchester City player Doku is seen playing a high boot against Liverpool midfielder McAllister, the VAR officials review and then decide its not a penalty which sparks a controversy on whether the penalty should have been awardes or not, is the premier league favoring Manchester City?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="25896" LastEditorUserId="26534" LastEditDate="2024-04-06T05:37:18.773" LastActivityDate="2024-04-06T05:37:18.773" Title="Why did the VAR deny Liverpool a penalty when they played Manchester City recently?" Tags="|officiating|english-premier-league|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2024-03-30T06:40:37.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-30T17:58:33.170" Score="0" ViewCount="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there are 2 teams in football the defense and offense.  I'm just thinking it would be really hard to defend after your team gets intercepted because the people on the field don't really play defense often and they are probably not that good at it.  Is that true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="20224" LastEditorUserId="14543" LastEditDate="2024-03-31T08:24:50.363" LastActivityDate="2024-03-31T08:42:25.840" Title="Are interception hard to defend in football because offense is playing?" Tags="|american-football|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29502" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-30T18:12:16.150" Score="0" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Snowboarding and skiing are counted as high risk sports, and for good reason. Whether it's a fall off a hidden chasm/precipice, or being caught in a tree well, or simply a high speed collision with a tree or another skier, there's plenty of reasons to be cautious. Such sports are also incredibly fun, and I for one, would never give up snowboarding unless I was physically unable to continue for whatever reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It did get me wondering though, exactly HOW risky are such sports are. Earlier, I asked about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/184329/is-there-list-of-the-least-to-most-dangerous-transport-types-sorted-not-by-jour&quot;&gt;fatality rate for various forms of transport&lt;/a&gt; per unit of time, and it turns out the car for example has a fatality rate of about 125 per billion passenger hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fatalities per billion skiing hours then would be a very interesting metric to compare against the car. Same for snowboarding if possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we even approach a figure for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26504" LastActivityDate="2024-03-30T18:12:16.150" Title="Fatalities per billion hours spent snowboarding or skiing?" Tags="|statistics|injuries|skiing|snowboarding|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2024-03-30T18:53:41.803" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29503" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-30T19:50:09.777" Score="1" ViewCount="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Law 5.3 indicates that the referee has authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends (including penalties (penalty shoot-out)). If, before entering the field of play at the start of the match, a player commits a sending-off offence, the referee has the authority to prevent the player taking part in the match (see Law 3.6); the referee will report any other misconduct.&#xA;Does this restrict referee to discipline just red card offences? Can a referee issue a Yellow card pre-match? If yes, does the caution carry over to the match in terms of the first caution with a second equating to a red?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26505" LastActivityDate="2024-03-30T21:23:38.823" Title="Can a ref give a yellow card to a player for a misconduct committed before the match has started? If yes, does the caution carry over into the match" Tags="|officiating|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29503" CreationDate="2024-03-30T21:23:38.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The referee's power to show yellow cards starts only when the players enter play, as noted in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-referee/#powers-and-duties&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Law 5.3&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The referee] has the power to show yellow or red cards [...] from entering the field of play at the start of the match until after the match has ended&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you correctly note, any cautionable offences committed before entering the field of play will be reported, and the governing body can sort it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-03-30T21:23:38.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="29501" CreationDate="2024-03-31T08:42:25.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes but no - as an exact corrolary to your observation, the intercepting team don't really play offense often and they are probably not that good at it, so to first order it all balances out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6126" LastActivityDate="2024-03-31T08:42:25.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29506" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-31T11:24:05.597" Score="0" ViewCount="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was thinking, for a good international cricket batsman, or good MLB baseball batter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How hard would it be for one to hit or bat in the other's sport,&#xA;a) with the other sport's bat&#xA;b) with his own sport's bat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider both fast and spin bowlers in cricket, and consider knuckleballers and normal (fast) pitchers in baseball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26507" LastActivityDate="2024-03-31T11:24:05.597" Title="hitting and batting in cricket and baseball" Tags="|cricket|baseball|pitching|bowling|" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2024-03-31T20:29:05.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27841" CreationDate="2024-03-31T12:27:16.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of today it's Sri Lanka's 531 all out vs Bangladesh!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wisden.com/series-stories/bangladesh-v-sri-lanka/after-lowest-total-200-run-stand-sri-lanka-highest-test-total-without-hundred&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://wisden.com/series-stories/bangladesh-v-sri-lanka/after-lowest-total-200-run-stand-sri-lanka-highest-test-total-without-hundred&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2023-24-1419819/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-1419831/live-cricket-score&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2023-24-1419819/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-1419831/live-cricket-score&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26509" LastEditorUserId="26509" LastEditDate="2024-03-31T12:33:15.907" LastActivityDate="2024-03-31T12:33:15.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="29508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2024-03-31T23:28:21.440" Score="0" ViewCount="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;In offside, the position of a player's body (rather than just a physical part of it e.g. foot) is used to determine the offence. In encroachment at a penalty kick, can a player that's leaning forward over the 18-yard line be used to determine the offence as it is in offside, or must it be physical i.e  the foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="26511" LastActivityDate="2024-04-01T02:48:08.050" Title="What is the complete definition of encroachment at a penalty kick" Tags="|football|penalty-shot|" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
</posts>